TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 3 - Volume 5 AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1900 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B El 144 .v.5 THE GIFT OF 2....Mr ~ ~ A 1.7 p~G1LE ~)O~.S NOI I,. Ad~ 2,4 L/ .J~ Title Page Page R001 T H E WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AJNSWORTH, CHIEF OF THE RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, AND MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY. SERIES IllVOLUME V. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1900 Page R002 Additions and Corrections Page A001 T I-I E WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL IRECOIRDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO SERIES IllVOLUME V. (To be inserted ir. the voinme ~or explanation see G--~neral Index volnine, Serial No 130, page XXVIII.) PUBLISHEI) UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. ELIIIU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AINSWORTH, CHIEF OF THE RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, AND MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY. Mr. JOHN S. MOODEY, Indexer. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT FRINTING OFFICE. 1902 Page A002 2 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. INDEX. Insert all words and figures in italics and strike out all in [brackets]. Allan, James M., 904 [Allen, James M., 904]. Anderson, John B., 469, 476 [Anderson, J. B., 469, 4761. Brodhead [Broadhefid], John M. Dickerson, A. XV., 993 [Dickinson, A. W., 993]. )rew, Joseph TV. [M.]. Henry, Gilman [Gilman, Henry]. Hinckley, Nathaniel, 918 [Hinkley, Nathaniel, 918]. flulburt [Hulbut], Edwin M. Jones, Josephus, 9S [94]. Massachusetts Troops. Artillery, HeavyBattalions. ist (Companies), D, io8. New Hampshire Troops. [Artillery, HeavyBattalions: 1st (Compa- nies), D, io8.] Norton, Addison [A.] S., 8os [Morton, Addison 5., 8o~]. Simpson, Samuel P. [C.]. Speer, 0. J., 44 [Speers, 0. F., 44]. Willard [Williard], James. Wilstach, Charles F. [P.] Page R003 PREFACE. The work of preparing the records of the war for public use was begun, under the resolution of Congress of May 19, 1864, by Col. E. D. Townsend, assistant adjutant-general, U. S. Army (then in charge of ~{he Adjutant-Generals Office, and subsequently the Adjutant- General), who caused copies to be made of reports of battles on file in his office and steps to be taken to collect missing records. Under the provisions of joint resolution of Jaly 27, 1866, Hon. Peter H. Watson was appointed to supervise the preparation of the records and to formulate a plan for their publication, but he performed no service under this appointment, which expired July 27, 1868, by limi- tation. This resolution having also repealed the former one, the project was suspended for the time being. The first decisive step taken was the act of June 23, 1874, providing the necessary means to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confederate Armies, and directing him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, telegrams, and gen- eral orders, not heretofore copied or printed, and properly arranged in chronological order. Appropriations have been made from time to time for continuing such preparation. Under this act the prelimi- nary work was resumed by General Townsend. Subsequently, under meager appropriations, it was prosecuted in a somewhat desultory manner by various subordinates of the War Department until December 14, 1877, when the Secretary of War, perceiving that the undertaking neefed the undivided attention of a single head, detailed Capt. Robert N. Scott, Third U. S. Artillery (subsequently major and lieutenant-colonel same regiment), to take charge of the office. The act of June 23, 1874, enlarged upon the first scheme of publi- cation. On this more comprehensive basis it was determined that the volumes should include not only the battle reports, correspondence, etc., in possession of the War Department, but also all official docu- ments that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. Colonel Scott systematized the work, and, upon his recommendation, the Secretary of War approved the follow- ing order of publication The first series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Confederate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all military operations in the field, with the cortespondence, orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas. T Page R004 Iv PREFACE. In this series the reports will be arranged accordi~, to the campaigns and sev- eral theaters of operations (in the chronological order of events), and the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be immediately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, etc., not embraced in the reports proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order. The second series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military authorities were concerned) to state or political prisoners. The third series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate offi- cials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General- in-Chief, and of the chiefs of the several staff corps and departments; the calls for troops, and the correspondence between the National and the several State authorities. The fourth series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and Confederate authorities given in that series. The first volume of the records was issued in the early fall of 1880. The act approved June 16, 1880, provided for the printing and bind- ing, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a com- pilation of the Official Records (Union and Confederate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year; and that of said number 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives, 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive Departments. Under this act Colonel Scott proceeded to publish the first five volumes of the records. ~ *All subsequent volumes have been distributed under the act approved August 7, 1882, which provides that: The volumes of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion shall be dis- tributed as follows: One thousand copies to the Executive Departments, as now provided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the Army and cohtributors to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organiza- tions, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty-seventh Congress. Each Senator shall designate not exceed- ing twenty-six, and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding twenty-one, of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time as they are published, until the publication is completed. Senators, Representatives, and Dele- gates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of publication with ten per cent. added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address, the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives, or Dele~ates who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individuals. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore published have not been furnished to such libraries, organizatious, and individuals. He shall also inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent Page R005 PREFACE. V Colonel Scott died March 5, 1887. At his death some twenty-six books only had been issued, but he had compiled a large amonnt of matter for forthcoming volumes; consequently his name as compiler was retained in all the books up to and including Vol. XXXVI, although his successors had added largely to his compilations from new material found after his demise. The Secretary of War, May 7, 1887, assigned Lient. Col. H. M. Lazelle, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, to duty as the successor of Colonel Scott. He had continued in charge about two years, when, in the act approved March 2, 1889, it was provided That hereafter the preparation and publication of said records shall be conducted, under the Secretary of War, by a board of three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of the Army, and two civilian experts, to be appointed by the Secretary of War, the compensation of said civilian experts to be fixed by the Secretary of War. The Secretary of War appointed Maj. George B. Davis, judge-advo- cate, U. S. Army, as the military member, and Leslie J. Perry, of Kan- sas, and Joseph W. Kirkley, of Maryland, as the civilian expert mem- bers of said board. The board assumed direction of the publication at the commencement of the fiscal year 1889, its first work beginning with Serial No. 30 of Vol. XXIV. July 1, 1895, by direction of the Secretary of War, Maj. George W. Davis, Eleventh U. S. Infantry (subsequently lieutenant-colonel Four- tecuth U. S. Infantry), relieved Maj. George B. Davis as the military member and president of the Board of Publication. Subsequently Col. Fred C. Ainsworth, Chief of the Record and Pension Office, War Department, was appointed the military member and president of the board, relieving Lieut. Col. George W. Davis June 1, 1898. December 1, 1898, under the provision of the sundry civil act of July 1, 1898, relative to the War Records Office, the Board of Publi- cation was dissolved, whereupon, by direction of the Secretary of War, the continuance of the work, beginning with Vol. VI, Series II, devolved on Colonel (now Brigadier-General) Ainsworth. By operation of law (contained in An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Govern- ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, approved February 24, 1899), the War Records Office was merged into the Record and Pen- sion Office, July 1, 1899, and since that date the work of publication has been conducted under the supervision of the chief of that office. Each volume includes a copious index, and for the further conven- ience of investigators there will be, in addition, a separate general index to the entire set. Nothing is printed in these volumes except duly authenticated con- temnporaneous records of the war. The scope of the compilers work is to decide upon and arrange the matter to be published; to correct and verify the orthography of the papers used, and, w~ierever deemed necessary, to add a foot-note of explanation Page R006 Table of Contents Page R007 CONTENTS. Page. Correspondence, Orders, etc., from May 1, 1865, to the end - 11048 VI Page R008 0 ~ 0 0 a~u~ ion no on au. vi-s. 0 ononu. oi~un onun. ~no~-~ Sunday. u~n ~ ~~~-- ~ ~ ~..... nun nn~-~ Monday. ~ .jono. ~ a~-~~.-j n~.cjon onnQ onc.~oi-. sion. iOnoi. .iono ononn un nun . nunn nnn nun unn nun nun . ni. . nun . nun . nnn~ Tuesday. oouu 0.Si i-5-iOCiOOnQ Ot~Q(~ ~ons. iOno. O~.30i~lQ. QOni-. Oni-4. ~ ~sion nun nun nun nun nun . un.- nun . inn . nin . nun . un . unn Wednesday. ~io. u~on ~iono. onnian un i--i. non noun onno.-. unon. noun nun . nus- un nun . nun . nun . nun un nun nun . . nun Thursday. yiui-i. OnOiOu c.~nnous-i. niion lono ouc.i.ou. non noun. onnon. Canon. oonn nun . u-u un- nun . nun . nun . cu . nnn nun . nrc-n . nin . nun Friday. onnoi- i--ion Onncyu. ~nn n.-n-i. o~n. nono i-~i--~. union nuon. on nun . ~nn nun ~ . ~n-n . i-~n . nun . nun nun . ~nn . ~n-n . nun non. n~i-a. 0~nr~n. noun. onnon. i--~r. nonn onnoi-. noun. noun -n--i 0 0 ~~n: ~on~~n ~ u~~n u~n~ nun Sunday. On is-n. ~i~~n: ~ ~~n: ~~n: i~~n: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Monday. uni- . un.- . nun . un . ~s~i . nn rn-i nra- . us-i- nun . uni- . nun Tuesday. noun ~ onnon ~ cnni. n onnoran ~ -onn. ionn onnon unn . nun . nunn . unn . nun unn nun . nun . nun nun . nun . nuun Wednesday. noun oui-n union noun ounos- nnns.ionn onnon nounous.i nni---i usion ~~n: ~~0n: ~~s-: ~~n: ~ ~n~~i: ~~n: ~n~~o: ~ ~ Thursday. nun. non: nun: uraun ~~n~~on: nun nu~nnnu: ~ ~ Friday. nun . ~nn . ~~un . r~rn . nun nun nun . unn nun uunnn: ~ i~~n Saturday. ouncan snon. ionn. ounon. nons cnnionnou. noun. Saturday Page 1 SEIRIES III.VOL. V. CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, REPORTS, AND RETURNS OF THE UNION AUTHORITIES FROM MAY 1, 1865, TO THE END.* GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 79. IYashington, ]Jfay 1, 1865. FOR REDUCING THE NUMBER OF GENERAL, FIELD, AND STAFF OFFI- CERS. It is ordered by the President that resignations of general, field, and staff officers will be received until the 15th of this month, at which date the Adjutant-General is directed to commence mustering honorably out of service all general, field, and staff officers who are unemployed, or whose service is no longer needed. By order of the President of the United States: W. A. NICHOLS, As~istant Adjutant- General. WAR. DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, May 1, 1865. (For the Honorable Secretary of War.) OUTLINE OF METHOD FOR THE MUSTER OUT AND DISCHARGE FROM SERVICE OF THE VOLUNTEER ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES. I. Army corps, or at least the divisions thereof, to be kept intact and ordered to convenient points, depending upon the arlnies to which they belong say, Old Point Comfort, Washington, Cumberland, Nashville, Saint Louis, and such other places as may be designated. On arrival at said rendezvous a critical inspection of the regimental and company records to be made and the muster-out rolls prepared under the direction of the assistant commissaries of musters for divis- ions, superintended by the corps commissaries; corps comnianders to see that the work is pushed with energy and executed promptly, using to this end division and brigade commanders to superintend it, and their respective staff officers to aid the mustering officers in col *For all documents relating to he organization of troops on the Pacific Coast, & c., see Series I, Vol. L. (1) I R RSERIES III, V OL Page 2 2 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. lecting the data for the mnster-out rolls and discharge papers, as well as the preparation of the same. II. The rolls and other final papers of a regiment completed, said command, with its arms, colors, and necessary eqnipage, to be placed en route, generally to that point in the State where mustered in, there to be taken charge of by the chief mnstering officer of the State, and met by paymasters to make final payments. Whilst en ronte to the State a discreet and capable officer to be specially charged by the commissary of musters with the care of the muster-ont rolls and regimental records. Immediately on arrival in the State the rolls and records to be tnrned over to the chief muster- ing officer or his assistant at the point of rendezvous. After pay- ment of the troops the regimental and company records to be retained and carefully preserved by the State mustering officers, subject to the orders of the Adjutant-General of the Army. Whilst waiting payment the chief mustering officer to cause sub- sistence and other authorized supplies to be provided; also to see that the command is kept together and under discipline. As soon as prac- ticable after the arrival of a regiment at the State rendezvous the chief mustering officer to have its arms and other public property turned over to officers of the respective supply departments; said officers to be designated by the departments concerned. The departure of regiments from the rendezvous where mustered out to be so regulated that regiments will not arrive more rapidly in their respective States than the Pay Department can pay them off. III. Under the foregoing the following advantages will be secured: 1. The entire force of commissaries and assistant commissaries of musters for troops in the field will be made available for the work, in connection with the chief and other State mustering officers. 2. The most experienced mustering officers and those most familiar with the regimental records will be secured. 3. The records from which the mustering-out data is to be obtained will be readily accessible, and the loss of records (so common through the neglect of regimental officers) whilst regiments are en route from the field to States can be avoided. 4. Regimental officers can be held to a rigid accountability (by the corps, division, and brigade commanders) in preparing the records, and the interest of the enlisted nian thus protected. 5. Order and discipline can be maintained whilst troops are en route to States and after arrival therein. 6. Troops can be comfortably cared for up to the moment they are paid off and ready to start for their homes. Dissatisfaction among them will be obviated, and cause for complaint by State authorities and citizens will be removed. 7. All public property can be easily secured and properly accounted for. 8. Regulations of the War Department now in force can be readily adapted to the musters out and discharge of the troops. Should the foregoing be approved, a general order can be framed, pointing to the necessary regulations and arranging requisite details. Respectfully submitted. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Ac~jutant- General. ME~oRANDu~.Foregoing was for the consideration of the Sec- retary of War and lieutenant-general commanding Armies of th Page 3 UNION AUTHORITIES. 3 United States, at a meeting to which undersigned was called to consult as to disbanding the volunteer armies. Subject was briefly referred to in conversation; paper, however, not read. Secretary concluded by saying: Send the method to General Grant, and if approved by him issue the order. Time consumed in the consideration of subject did not extend beyond one hour and a half. T. M. V. MEMORANDUM.] ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, May 11, 1865. Respectfully forwarded to Lient. Gen. U. S. Grant, commanding Armies of the United States. This is the proposed method for musters out which I spoke of to the Secretary of War whilst you were conversing with him on the subject. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Indorsernent.] Plan and suggestions within approved. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. ORDERS No. 6.] LEXINGTON, Ky., May 1, 1865. On and after this date all recruiting of colored men in the Depart- ments of the Missouri and Arkansas and Military Divisions of the Mississippi and West Mississippi will cease. Volunteers will also not be accepted for white regiments within such limits. All recruiting officers will immediately join their respective commands for duty. Orders will subsequently be given for the consolidation of the incom- plete colored regiments and the muster out of service of all super- numerary officers. By order of the Secretary of War: L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., May 2, 1865. SIR: As it is probable a large number of troops will soon be return- ing to their homes, the strictest attention should be given to prevent the use of any but perfectly safe transports, under experienced and careful masters, provided with everything necessary for the safety and comfort of troops. Especial care should be taken to see that they are thoroughly clean and that they are not overloaded. The late calamity to the steamer Sultana shows the need of extreme caution which will be expected from all officers in the management of river transportation. By order of the Quartermaster-General: Very respectfully, LEWIS B. PARSONS, G~olonel and Chief of Rail and River Transportation Page 4 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington City, May 3, 1865. ORDER RESCINDINO REGULATIONS PROHIBITING THE EXPORTATION OF ARMS, AMMUNITION, HORSES, MULES, AND LIVE-STOCK. The Executive order of November 21, 1862, prohibiting the expor- tation of arms and ammunition from the United States, and the Execntive order of May 13, 1863, prohibiting the exportation of horses, mules, and live-stock, being no longer required by public necessities, the aforesaid orders are hereby rescinded and annulled. By order of the President: EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. CIRCULAR.] WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, May 3, 1865. ALL CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS OF LOYAL STATES: Deserters who have reported, or who may yet report, under the Pres- idents proclamation, promulgated in General Orders, No. 3~5, current series, from this office, and not yet forwarded to their proper com- mands, will be mustered out and discharged the service, with forfeit- ure of all pay and allowances due at date of desertion, or which may have accrued since. Arrange with rendezvous commanders accord- ingly. Under the foregoing, care must be taken not to discharge any deserters who have been arrested and delivered up. Please acknowledge this. By command: THOMAS M. VINCENT. Assistant A~jtttctmt- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., May 3, 1865. ALL DEPT. COMMANDERS AND CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS: All soldiers patients iu hospitaLs (except veteran volunteers, vet- erans of the First Army Corps, Major-General Hancocks, and soldiers of the Regular Army) will, as soon as they shall cease to require medical treatment, be at once mustered out of service in the usual manner. Should the commissary of musters and his assistants be insufficient to perform this duty promptly, you are authorized to appoint such additional assistants as you may consider necessary, and to avail yourself of such mustering officers within the geographical limits of your command as, in the judgment of the chief mustering officer, can be spared from their present duties. The commnissary of musters must take especial pains to see that the commanding officers of the regiments and chief mustering officers of the States to which the soldiers belong are each furnished with a copy of the munster-out roll. An extra copy may be made for this purpose, if necessary. Soldiers whose claims for pensions are entitled to consideration should be dis- charged on the usual surgeons certificate of disability. Soldiers absent on furlough fromu hospitals will be notified by the surgeon in charge to report to the nearest chief mustering officer for muuster out Page 5 UNION AUTHORITIES. 5 and required to acknowledge the receipt of the notification. As soon as their acknowledgment of the notification is received their descriptive lists will be sent to the chief mustering officer to whom they report. Should they return before receiving such notification they will be mustered out as the others. A copy of the muster-out roll of all men will be furnished to the adjutants-general of the States to which the regiments belong. It is expected that department commanders will use every exertion to have this duty performed promptly and correctly. Acknowledge receipt. By order of the Secretary of War: W. A. NICHOLS, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 82. Washington, May 6, 1865. FOR REDUCING THE NUMBER OF COMPANY AND STAFF OFFICERS OF VOLUNTEER REGIMENTS. By direction of the President all company and staff officers of vol- unteer regiments absent from their commands on account of physical disability, or by virtue of leaves of absence granted them on their return to loyal States as prisoners of war, will be honorably mustered out of the service of the United States of date the 15th instant. Said officers will immediately apply by letter to the Adjutant-General of the Arniy for their muster-out and discharge papers. In case of physical disability from disease or wounds, the letter iiiust be accom- panied by a medical certificate of the usual form. The post-office address of the officer must be given with care in all cases. By order of the Secretary of War: W. A. NICHOLS, Assistant Adjutant- General. ATTORNEYGENERALS OFFICE, May 8, 1865. The PRESIDENT: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of April 21, 1865. By the Constitution of the United States (2d Art., sec. 2, cl. 1) the President is vested with the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in case of impeachment. By the 13th section of the act of Congress entitled An act to sup- press insurrection, to punish treason and rebellion, to seize and con- fiscate the property of rebels, and for other purposes, approved July 17, 1862, the President is authorized, at any time hereafter, by proc- lamation, to extend to persons who may have participated in the existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, pardon and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such time and on such conditions as he may deem expedient for the public welfare. The right and power of the President to pardon and to issue any proclamation of amnesty are derived from the clauses in the Consti- tution and the act of Congress as quoted above. By the Constitution and the act of Congress the power to pardon in individual cases and the power of extending, by proclamation, amnest Page 6 6 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. to classes of individuals are solely in the hands of the President. It is, therefore, needless to discuss the question whether the act of Con- gress was necessary in order to enable the President lawfully to issue a proclamation of pardon and amnesty. The power of exercising and extending mercy resides in some departA ment of every well-ordered government. When order and peace reign its exercise is frequent and its influence valuable.. Its influence is of value inestimable at the termination of an insurrection so widespread as the one which in our country is just being suppressed. Its appro- priate office is to soothe and heal, not to keep alive or to initiate the rebellious and malignant passions that induced, precipitated, and sustained the insurrection. This power to soothe and heal is appro- priately vested in the Executive Department of the Government, whose duty it is to recognize and declare the existence of an insur- rection, to suppress it by force, and to proclaim its suppression. In order, then, that this benign power of the Government should accom- plish the objects for which it was given, the extent and limits of the power should be clearly understood. Therefore, before proceeding to answer the questions propounded in your letter, it would seem to be eminently proper to state some of the obvious principles upon which the power to grant pardons and amnesty rests, and deduce from those principles the limitation of that power. The words amnesty and pardon have a usual and well-understood meaning. Neither is defined in any act of Congress; the latter is not used in the Constitution. A pardon is a remission of guilt; an amnesty is an act of oblivion or forgetfulness. They are acts of sovereign mercy and grace, flowing from the appro- priate organ of the Goveriiment. There can be no pardon where there is no actual or imputed guilt. The acceptance of a pardon is a confession of guilt or of the existeiice of a state of facts from which a judgment of guilt would follow. A pardon may be absolute and complete or it may be conditional or partial. The whole penalty denounced by the law against an offender may be forgiven, or so much of it only as may seem expe- dient. The power to pardon is not exhausted by its partial use. A part of the penalty may be forgiven now, and at a future time another part, and so on till the whole is forgiven. This power may be so used as to place the offender upon trial and probation as to his good faith and purposes. A pardon may be upon conditions, and those conditions may be precedent or subsequent. The conditions, however, appended to a pardon cannot be immoral, illegal, or inconsistent with the pardon. If a condition precedent annexed to a pardon be immoral, so that the person in whose favor it is issued should never speak the truth; or illegal, so that he should commit murder; or inconsistent with the pardon, so that he should never eat or sleep, the pardon would never attach or be of avail. On the other hand, if those conditions were subsequentthat is, if it were declared that the pardon should be void if the party ever spoke the truth, or if he did not commit mur- der, or if lie should eat or sleepthe pardon would attach and be valid, and the condition void and of no effect. If a condition subse- quent is broken, the offender could be tried and punished for the original offense. The breach of the conditioii wduld make the pardon void. Any conditions, preced~nt or sub sequent, may, therefore, b Page 7 IJNION AUTHORITIES. appended that are not immoral, illegal, or inconsistent with the par- do~i. This great and sovereign power of mercy can never be used as a cover for immoral or illegal conduct. As a pardon presupposes that an offense has been committed, and ever acts upon the past, the power to grant it never can be exerted as an immunity or license for future misdoing. A pardon procured by fraud or for a fraudulent purpose, upon the suppression of the truth or the suggestion of falsehood, is void. It is a deed of mercy, given without other fee or reward than the good faith, truth, and repentance of the culprit. On the other hand, as an act of grace freely given, when obtained without falsehood, fraud, and for no fraudulent use, it should be liberally construed in favor of the repentant offender. A promise to pardon is not a pardon, and may at any time be with- drawn; but a pardon may be offered, and the offer kept open, and thus be continuing, so that the person to whom it is offered may accept it at a future day. After the pardon has been accepted it becomes a valid act, and the person receiving it is entitled to all its benefits. The principles hereinbefore stated forbid, however, that an offer of pardon be construed as a license or indulgence to commit continuing or future offenses, or as giving immunity from the consequences of such offenses. After the offender shall have received notice of the offer, or after a reasonable time shall have elapsed within which he must be pre- sumed to have received notice of the offer, he cannot continue his ill-doing and then accept and rely upon the offer of pardon as an indemnity against what he did before and also what he did after notice. Such a construction of the pardoning power would virtually convert it into a power to license crime. The high and necessary power of extending pardon and amnesty can never be rightfully exercised so as to enable the President to say to offenders against the law, I now offer you a free pardon for the past; or at any future day when you shall, from baffled hopes, or after being foiled in dangerous and bloody enterprises, think proper to accept, I will give you a pardon for the then past. When men have offended against the law their appeal is for mercy, not for justice. In this country and under this Government viola- tors of the law have offended against a law of their own making; out of their own mouths they are condemnedconvicted by their own judgmentsand, under a law of their own making, they cannot appear before the seat of mercy and arrogantly claim the fulfillment of a promise of pardon they have refused and defied. The excellence of mercy and charity in a national trouble like ours ought not to be undervalued. Such feelings should be fondly cherished and studiously cultivated. When brought into action they should be generously but wisely indulged. Like all the great, neces- sary, and useful powers in nature or in government, harm may come of their improvident use, and perils which seem past may be renewed, and other and new dangers be precipitated. By a too extended, thoughtless, or unwise kindness the man or the government may warm into life an adder that will requite that kindness by a fatal sting from a poisonous fang. Keeping in view these obvious and fundamental principles that fix and limit the powers of pardon and amnesty under the Constitution and the law, I will proceed to consider the questions propounded b Page 8 8 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. you on the proclamations dated, respectively, on the 8th day of Decem- ber, 1863, and on the 26th day of March, 1864, commonly called the amnesty proclamations. You ask my opinion, first, as to the proper construction and effect of those proclamations upon the citizens and residents of rebel States who have taken the oath of amnesty prescribed therein. These two proclamations must be read together and regarded as one instrument. That must, at least, be so from the date of the last proclamation, March 26, 1864. No doubt many persons did, betwixt the 8th of December, 1863, and the 26th of March, 1864, take the oath who could not have done so had the original proclamation con- tained the exceptions set forth in the second. What the rights are of those who took the oath in that intermediate space of time, and who could not have taken it after the 26th of March, 1864, is purely a judicial question. The facts in such cases are accomplished, and the rights arising out of those facts have attached and become vested. If not improper, it would be, at least, idle in me to express an opinion on those cases. The Judicial Department of the Government must determine the law in those cases i~hen they are properly presented before the courts. For all practical purposes, so far as the Executive Department of the Government is concerned, both proclamations may therefore be regarded as of the date the 26th of March, 1864. From that point of view their proper operation and effect are now to be considered. It is plainly stated on the face of the second proclamation that its objects were to suppress the insurrection, and to restore the author- ity of the United States, and with reference to these objects alone. In the midst of a gigantic effort on the part of traitors to dismember oni country and overthrow our Government, the President, in the legitimate exercise of his great powers, invoked the healing influences of charity and forgiveness. His great heart but responded to the desire of the American people to win back this misguided people to their allegiance, and to peace and order, by gentleness, rather than to compel obedience by the dread powers of war. It must not be supposed that in giving expression to and making a law of this noble wish of his heart, and the heart of the people whom he represented, it was intended to give license and immunity to crime and treason for the then future. His expressed object was to suppress the insurrection, and to restore the authority of the United States, and that alone. His object was made still more manifest when he said that the per- son shall voluntarily come forward~ and take the said oath, with the purpose of restoring peace and establishing the national authority. The reluctant, unrepentant, defying persons who, in their hearts, desired the success of the rebellion and the overthrow of the Govern- ment, were not invited to take the oath; and if any such should take it they would but add perjurya God-defying sinto that of treason; and if that fact can be shown to a judicial tribunal, it seems to me that they should take no benefit from the pardon and amnesty. A mind and heart unpurged of treason were not invited by the amnesty proclamation to add thereto the crime of perjury. It seems to me, then, that all the citizens and residents of the rebel States not excepted from the amnesty, who did, after the issuing Qf the proclamation, or after notice thereof, or within a reasonable time within which it must be supposed they had notice, refrain from further hos- tilities, and take the oath of amnesty voluntarily, with the purpose o Page 9 UNION AUTHORITIES. 9 restoring peace and establishing the national authority, being at the time free from arrest, confinement, or duress, and not under bonds, are entitled to all the benefits and rights so freely and benignly given by a magnanimous Government. Where the oath has been taken without the purpose of restoring peace and establishing the national authority, though taken promptly, it seems to me that the amnesty and pardon do not attach. This, however, is a judicial question, which the courts may decide contrary to my opinion. I ought not, perhaps, to express any. In giving this construction to the amnesty proclamation, I have been constantly impressed by a paragraph in the last annual message of the President of the United States. It reads as follows: A year ago general pardon and amnesty, upon specified terms, were offered to all, except certain designated classes; and it was, at the same time, made known that the exempted classes were still within contemplation of special clemency. Dunng the year many availed themselves of the general provision, and many more would, only that the signs of bad faith in some led to such precautionary measures as rendered the practical process less easy and certain. During the same time, also, special pardons have been granted to individuals of the excepted classes, and no voluntary application has been denied. Thus, practically, the door has been for a full year open to all, except such as were not in condition to make a free choice; that is, such as were in custody or under constraint. It is still open to all. But the time may comeprobably will comewhen public duty shall demand that it be closed, and that, in lieu, more rigorous measures than heretofore shall be adopted. A profound respect for the opinions of that great and good man, Abraham Lincoln, late President of the United States, induces me to ponder long and well before I can venture to express an opinion dif- fering even in a shade from his. But all who had the good fortune to know him well must feel and know that, from his very nature, he was not only tempted but forced to strain his power of mercy. his love for mankind was boundless, his charity was all-embracing, and his benevolence so sensitive that he sometimes was as ready to pardon the unrepentant as the sincerely penitent offender. Clearly and pointedly does the above paragraph show to the world that such was his nature. He says: During the whole year that special pardons have been granted to individuals of the excepted classes, no voluntary application has been denied. The door of mercy to his heart was, we know, ever open; and yet he closes the paragraph with this significant sentence: But the time may comeprobably will comewhen public duty shall demand that it be closed, and that, in lieu, more rigorous measures than heretofore shall be adopted. It is probably fair to infer that the late President understood his proclamation of amnesty as giving pardon to all, no matter how long they had refused, and whether they had offended after notice of the offer or miot. Whether his powers extended so far is, to say the least, a doubtful question. I am clear and decided in my conviction that the President has no power to make an open offer of pardon which could be relied upon as a protection for offenses committed after notice of the offer. This opinion is induced from principle, and independently of the language of the proclamation. The language of the first proclamation is, however, consonant with this opinion. It is addressed to all persons who have participated in the existing rebellion words referring to the past Page 10 10 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. If I am right in this construction of the proclamationand I am satisfied in my own mind that I amanother proclamation should be issued. Persons should not be invited to take an oath and to comply with terms under which they cannot obtain firm legal rights. It is especially due to those who have heretofore and would now avail themselves, in good faith, of the benefits of pardon and amnesty, that another proclamation should be substituted covering the now past. Persons who have been constantly engaged in rebellion should know distinctly what they are to do, when and how they are to do it, to free themselves from punishment, in whole or in part, or to reinstate themselves as before the rebellion. Such as have been affected merely by their treasonable associations should be absolutely forgiven. Appropriate conditions should be appended to the pardons of many. The grace and favor of the Government should now be large and gen- erous, and the operation and effect of its proper mercy should not be left uncertain. The second question you ask is as to the rights of the citizens and residents of the rebel States who have not taken, nor offered to take, the oath and comply with the terms of the proclamation. Here, again, we meet trouble and uncertainty. The expressed objects of the proclamation are to suppress the insurrection and restore the authority of the United States. Can any one be permitted to take the oath and comply with the terms prescribed in the proclamation in a State or a community where the civil and military power of the insurrection has been destroyed and the rebellion suppressed, and the authority of the United States is re-established without let or hindrance? Or does the insurrection continue, in legal contemplation, though not in fact, until the Executive Department of the Government shall, by proclamation, declare that it has been suppressed? And would this proclamation of pardon and amnesty continue and be open after proclamation that the rebellion had been suppressed? It would seem from the proclamation that the amnesty was extended to those who were willing to aid in suppressing, as well as restoring; and yet it may and doubtless will be contended, and with much force and show of reason, that all who have stood by and clung to the insurrection till its organization and power, both civil and military, were gone, have, nevertheless, a right to take all the benefits of the amnesty, because they will lend a reluctant aid in restoring an authority which they hate. Amnesty is proffered for aid in suppressing and restoring; amnesty is demanded for the work of restoration; full reward is required for less than half of the service that is needed. As a measure to aid in the suppression of the rebellion, the late proclamation has done its full and complete office. Now, one is desired to aid in restoring order amid reorganizing society in the rebellious States. Reconstruction is not needed; that word conveys an erroneous idea. The construction of this Government is as perfect as human wisdom can make it. The trial to which its powers and capacities have been subjected in this effort at revolution and dismemberment proves with what wisdoni its foundations have been laid. Ours is a task to preserve principles and powers clearly and well defined, and that have carried us safely through our past troubles. Ours is not a duty to reconstruct or change. Society in the rebel States has not been and is not now in a normal condition, nor in harmony with the principles of our Government. That society has rebelled against them, and made war upon the principles and powers of our Govern Page 11 UNION AUTHORITIES. 11 ment. In so doing it has offended, and stands a convicted culprit. Mercy must be largely extended. Some of the great leaders and offenders only must be made to feel the extremt~ rigor of the lawnot in a spirit of revenge, but to put the seal of infamy upon their con- duct. But the mercy extended to the great mass of the misguided people can and should be so used as.to reorganize society upon a loyal and freedom-loving basis. It is manifestly for their good, and the good of mankind, that this should be done. The power of pardon and mercy is adequate to this end. Such conditions, precedent and subsequent, can legally and properly be appended as will root out the spirit of rebellion and bring society in those States into perfect accord with the wise and thoroughly tried principle of our Government. If this power of pardon is wisely used, peace will be established upon a sure and permanent basis. On these grounds, in addition to what has before been said, I am of the opinion that another and a new offer of amnesty, adapted to the existing condition of things, should be proclaimed. I do not conceive that it is in place just now, even if I were pre- pared to do so, which. I am notbecause not sufficiently advised of the temper of those in rebellionfor me to say what should be the terms of the suggested proclamation. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, yOur obedient servant, JAMES SPEED, .Aitorney- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR l)EPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 83. JYashirigton, May 8, 186g. FOR REDUCING THE VOLUNTEER CAVALRY FORCES OF THE ARMY. I. Immediately upon receipt of this order by commanding generals of armies and departments all volunteer soldiers of the cavalry arm whose terms of service will expire prior to October 1, 1865, will be niustered out and discharged the service of the United States. In discharging the said troops the following will be observed: 1. The musters out will be made, in accordance with existing regu- lations, by the commissaries of musters of divisions, under the direc- tions of commissaries of musters of corps or departments. 2. Army and department commanders will forthwith ascertain the number of men within their respective commands to be discharged, and report the same direct to the Paymaster-General of the Army, forwarding a duplicate of the report to the Adjutant-General. Said report must specify the number for each regiment, or company, if an independent one. 3. The Paymaster-General will arrange to make immediate pay- ment to the men discharged; said payments to be made in the armies or departments in which the men may be serving at date of muster out. II. All cavalry remaining in service after the aforesaid discharges have been made will be inimediately consolidated into complete mnaxi- mum regimental organizations, and as follows: 1. Army and department commanders will select and designate the organizations to be consolidated Page 12 12 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. 2. Organizations from the same State will be consolidated with each other. 3. All supernumeraly commissioned and non-commissioned officers will be mustered out of the date the consolidation of their respective commands is made. 4. The commissioned and non-commissioned officers to be retained, not exceeding the legal number, will be selected by army and depart- ment commanders. 5. The proper commissaries of musters and their assistants will be charged, under existing regulations, with the prompt execution of the details. III. Corps and department commanders will see that the work is pushed with energy, and executed accurately and promptly, using to this end division and brigade commanders to superintend it, with their respective staff officers, to aid the mustering officer in collecting the necessary data for the transfer rolls (see Circular No. 64, series of 1864, Adjutant-Generals Office), muster-out rolls, and other neces- sary discharge papers, as well as the preparation of the same. IV. Horses and other public property rendered surplus by the reduction in the forces will be turned over to and cared for by the proper officers of the supply departments concerned. V. Regimental anti company records, rendered no longer necessary, will be taken charge of by the proper commissary of musters and forwarded to the 4djutant-General of the Army. The records of each company or regiment must be arranged by themselves, and the package containing them marked distinctly with the contents. VI. Commissaries of musters and their assistants will be held responsible that the necessary rolls are delivered and forwarded to their destination without unnecessary delay. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 84. Washington, May 8, 1865. BALANCES OF BOUNTIES PAYABLE TO VOLUNTEERS WHEN HONORABLY MUSTERED OUT AND DISCHARGED, ON ACCOUNT OF THE GOVERN- MENT NO LONGER REQUIRING THEIR SERVICES. I. Veterans who enlisted under the provisions of General Orders, No. 191, series of 1863, from this office, and the extensions thereof (General Orders, Nos. 324 and 387, of 1863; 20 and 92, of 1864), and recruits (not veterans) who enlisted for three years or the war, under the provisions of the circular letter of October 24, 1863, from the Provost-Marshal-Generals Bureau, and its modifications, are, on their honorable muster out and discharge from the service of the United States before the expiration of their respective terms of enlistment, entitled to the unpaid balances of the bounties promised them by the orders and laws under which they enlisted. II. A volunteer accepted and mustered into service under the act of July 4, 1864 (General Orders, No. 224, Adjutant-Generals Office, 1864), whether for the term of one, two, or three years, is, on muster out of service before the expiration of the term of service for which he enlisted, entitled only to receive the proportion of the bount Page 13 UNION AUTHORITIES. 13 allowed by the act cited, whether one-third or two-thirds thereof, which had actually accrued before the date of his discharge. For instance, if the soldier volunteered for two years and is mus- tered out before the expiration of the first year of his service, he car- not claim either the second or third installments of the bounty of $200, which would have been payable to him had he contiuued in the service till the expiration of the two years for which he enlisted. Only the volunteer who at the time of his discharge has completed one-half the term of service for which he enlisted is entitled to the second installment of one-third the amount of bounty given to him by the act, and he is entitled to no more of that bounty. If he is dis- charged on the next day after the expiration of one-half of his term of enlistment, the second installment of the bounty is due and payable to him, but the discharge precludes him from receiving a third install- ment, that being due only to a volunteer who may have served his entire term of enlistment. III. In discharging men from service mustering officers will note the balances of bounties due on the muster-out rolls opposite the names of the soldiers respectively. Great care must be exercised in doing this. Prior to payment paymasters will carefully re-examine the rolls, with the view of detecting errors in amounts thereon noted. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, May 8, 1865. ALL DEPT. COMMANDERS AND CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS: The Veteran Reserve Corps is excepted from the operations of the telegram of the 3d instant, discharging patients in hospitals, & c. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPT., PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERALS BUREAU Bvt. Col. W. II. SIDELL, Washington, D. C., May 8, 1865. Actg. Asst. Provost-Marshal- General, Louisville, Ky.: The Secretary of War directs that recruiting be continued until June 1, 186~5, for the following regiments of colored troops: The Seventy-second, One hundred and nineteenth, One hundred and twentieth, One hundred and twenty-first Colored Infantry, the Sixth Colored Cavalry, and the Fourth and Thirteenth Colored Artillery, none of these regiments, however, to be recruited beyQud the maxi- mum authorized by law. Require weekly reports to be made of the nuniber of men obtained under this authorization. JAMES B. FRY, Provost-Marshal- General. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, Washington Gity, May 9, 1865. Ordered: 1. That all acts and proceedings of the political, military, and civil organizations which have been in a state of insurrectioii and rebellio Page 14 14 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. within the State of Virginia against the authority and laws of the United States, and of which Jefferson Davis, John Letcher, and Wil- liam Smith were late the respective chiefs, are declared null and void. All persons who shall exercise, claim, pretend, or attempt to exercise any political, military, or civil power, authority, jurisdiction, or right, by, through, or under Jefferson Davis, late of the city of Richmond, and his confederates, or under John Letcher or William Smith and their con- federates, or under any pretended political, military, or civil cominis- sion or authority issued by them, or either of them, since the 17th day of April, 1861, shall be deemed and taken as in rebellion against the United States, and shall be dealt with accordingly. 2. That the Secretary of State proceed to put in force all laws of the United States the administration whereof belongs to the Department of State applicable to the geographical limits aforesaid. 3. That the Secretary of the Treasury proceed without delay to nominate for appointment assessors of taxes and collectors of customs and internal revenue, and such other officers of the Treasury Depart- ment as are authorized by law, and shall put in execution the revenue laws of the United States within the geographical limits aforesaid. In making appointments the preference shall be given to qualified loyal persons residing within the districts where their respective duties are to be performed. But if suitable persons shall not be found residents of the districts, theii persons residing in other States or districts shall be appointed. 4. That the Postmaster-General shall proceed to establish post- offices and post routes, and put into execution the postal laws of the United States within the said State, giving to loyal residents the preference of appointment; but if suitable persons are not found, then to appoint agents, & c., from other States. 5. rrhat the district judge of said district proceed to hold courts within said State in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress. The Attorney-General will instruct the proper officers to libel and bring to judgment, confiscation, and sale property subject to confiscation, and enforce the administration of justice within said State, in all matters civil and criminal within the cognizance and jurisdiction of the Federal courts. 6. That the Secretary of War assign such assistant provost-marshal- general and such provost-marshals in each district of said State as he may deem necessary. 7. The Secretary of the Navy will take possession of all public property belonging to the Navy Department within said geographical limits, and put in operation all acts of Congress in relation to naval affairs having application to the said State. 8. The Secretary of the Interior will also put in force the laws relating to the Department of the Interior. 9. That to carry into effect tfre guarantee by the Federal Constitu- tion of a republican form of State govermuent, and afford the advantage and security of domestic laws, as well as to complete the re-establishment of the authority and laws of the United States and the full and complete restoration of peace within the limits aforesaid, Francis H. Peirpoint, Governor of the State of Virginia, will be aided by the Federal Government, so far as may be necessary, in the lawful measures which he may take for the extension and administration of the State government throughout the geographical limits of said State Page 15 UNION AUTHORITIES. 15 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. [L. S.] ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 86. Washington, May 9, 1865. LISTS TO BE MADE OF VOLUNTEER OFFICERS. For the information of the War Department, lists will at once be prepared and forwarded of all officers in the volunteer service, made out separately for each arm of the service and each branch of the staff, showing the relative merit of the officers in their regiments or departments, as determined by boards of officers, to be appointed for the purpose by corps and other independent commanders. The reports of the boards will include the names of all officers belonging to a particular command, whether present or absent; and in the cases of the absent officers the reports will be based upon the best informa- tion attainable. The reports will also state what officers, in the opin- ion of the boards, should be discharged. These lists will be forwarded through the prescribed channel, and the several commanders through whom they may be transmitted will indorse thereon their recommendations, based on their own knowledge of the character of the officers. The lists will specify the rank and arm for which the officer is deemed competent, and whether he desires to remain in the military service. For all officers below the grade of colonel these lists will be consolidated and arranged by brigade, division, and corps cQmmand- ers (or independent commands of less than a corps), so as to include all officers iu the corps. The lists of colonels, generals, and staff officers will also be consoli- dated at army or department and military division headquarters. In addition to the lists thus furnished through the ordinary military channels, the chiefs of staff departments at Washington will at once obtain from their subordinates similar lists, conveniently consoli- dated, and forward them to this Department. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 87. Washington, May 9, 1865. CONCERNING ENGINEER PROPERTY AND LABOR ON FIELD-WORKS. Army and department commanders will at once cause to be collected and stored, at convenient depots, all tools, siege material, bridge equi- page, and other engineer property not absolutely needed for imnmedi- ate service with troops, and have inventories of property so collected forwarded to the Chief Engineer of the Army, with recommendation for its disposal. The latter will give the necessary instructions Page 16 16 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. All labor on construction and repairs of field-works should now be done by troops; hired labor will not, therefore, be so employed, unless specially authorized from these headquarters or the Engineer Depart- ment; and no further purchases of engineer material for field-works will be made without similar authority, except in cases of urgent necessity. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CIRCULAR.] WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, llfay 9, 1865. ALL ARMY AND DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS: Upon receipt hereof you are authorized to cause the immediate muster out and discharge from service of all officers and soldiers of your commands whose terms of service will expire prior to May 31, 1865. In discharging the said troops the following will be observed: 1. The musters out will be made, in accordance with existing regu- lations, by the commissaries of musters of divisions, under the direc- tions of commissaries of musters of corps or departments. 2. Army and department commanders will forthwith ascertain the number of men within their respective commands to be discharged, and report the same direct to the Paymaster-General of the Army, forwarding a duplicate report to the Adjutant-General. Said report must specify the number for each regiment, or company, if an inde- pendent one. 3. The Paymaster-General will arrange to make immediate pay- ment to the men discharged, said payments to be made in the armies or departments in which the men may be serving at the date of mus- ter out. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 29. Washington Gity, ]Jliay 9, 1865. I. For the purpose of securing a uniform system in the transporta- tion of public property, the annexed forms* for requisitions and bills of lading will hereafter be adopted and the accompanying instruc- tions strictly observed. No other forms will be used except in cases of emergency, when the prescribed forms cannot be procured, and then the reasons for using others will be stated upon the same. II. The bill of lading should state where the freight is to be paid, and if the transportation is by water, or under contract varying from Government rates, the rates should be specifically stated in the bill of lading, otherwise it should state that payment is to be made at Government rates. Bills of lading issued for shipments to be for- warded on boats belonging to or in the service of the Quartermasters Department, or on railroads operated by the Government, should state that no payment will be made on the bills of lading. * Omitted Page 17 UNION AUTHORITIES. 17 III. Officers orderingtiansportation of wagons, ambulances, cannon, caissons, gun carriages, & c., will be particular to state in the bill of lading whether they are to be transported whole or taken apart. In shipments by rail, the number of animals, bales of hay and their weight, of pieces of lumber and measurement thereof, should be expressed in the bill of lading in numbers, in addition to the same in car-loads. The weight of different descriptions of goods must be given separately. When, in an invoice covering a variety of articles, or a number of packages, the total weight only is expressed, the offi- cer receiving the property must, in certifying to its correctness, write out the weight delivered in words as well as in figures. IV. Erasures, interlineations, or alterations in bills of lading must be explained thereon by the issuing or other competent officer. V. Officers making shipments will at the time of shipping furnish the carrier with the original bill of lading, which upon the delivery of the property will be receipted by the officer receiving the same, and returned to the carrier with such indorsement as may be necessary to insure settlement for the service. The original bill of lading, receipted, alone will be received in settlement, and in no case will a second original bill of lading be issued for the same shipment. VI. Duplicate and triplicate copies of the bill of lading will be promptly transmitted by mail to the consignee, and upon the receipt of the property the duplicate will be receipted and returned by mail to the officer making the shipment. The triplicate will be retained by the officer receiving the property. A copy, or quadruplicate, will be retained in book form by the consignor for his information. VII. In the absence or failure of any officer to receipt for property consigned to him, the officer signing should make a full explanation over his signature, showing that he is duly authorized to receive and receipt for the same, and why the consignee does not receipt therefor. Agents or clerks are not authorized to receipt bills of lading. VIII. Loss and damage to Government property will be deducted in settlement from the voucher issued to the carrier, and officers receipting for property must indorse on the bill of lading the kinds of property lost or damaged, and its full value, including transporta- tion. When the amount of the damage to property caimnot be readily ascertained, the receiving officer should promptly call a board of survey on the same, and duly notify the carrier that he may, if he desires, be present with witnesses to protect his interest. The bill of lading should not be signed until the amount of damage is decided upon by the report of the board of survey, when an indorsement of their decision should be made upon the bill of lading. IX. Quartermasters will be governed in the settlement of claims for transfer and ferriage by existing instructions and decisions of the Quartermaster-General. X. Bills of lading for through shipments will only be settled with the last carrier entitled to payment. Quartermasters should exercise care that no second claim is presented by roads performing part of the through transportation. The last carrier will be held responsible for all loss or damage, and such loss or damage will be deducted in making settlement for the service. XI. The distance by the shortest practicable route, whether over one or many roads, will govern the rate charged. Transportation by water being generally the cheapest should be used when consistent with the interest of the service, and all transportation should be 2 n RSERIES III, VOL Page 18 18 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. furnished by the shortest practicable route, unless a different one is designated in the order. When transportation is specifically demanded by a proper officer by a longer route, the reason must be given in the bill of lading, and payment will be made according to the length of the route designated, the officer being held to a strict accountability for his requisition. XII. Quartermasters will be governed in the settlement of claims for transportation by railroad by the rates and classification of the circular of the Quartermaster-General dated May 1, 1862, and all transportation must be settled at the points designated in General Orders, No. 18, Quartermaster-Generals Office, March 16, 1865. By order of the Quartermaster-General: LEWIS B. PARSONS, Brig. Gem. and Chief of Rail and River Transportation. By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, the President of the United States by his proclamation of the nineteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixty- one, did declare certain States therein mentioned in insurrection against the Government of the United States; and Wheicas, armed resistance to the authority of this Government in the said insurrectionary States may be regarded as virtually at an end, and the persons by whom that resistance, as well as the oper- ations of insurgent cruisers, was directed, are fugitives or captives; and Whereas, it is understood that some of these cruisers are still infest- ing the high seas, and others are preparing to capture, burn, and destroy vessels of the United States: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, hereby enjoin all naval, military, and civil officers of the United States diligently to endeavor, by all lawful means, to arrest the said cruisers and to bring them into a port of the United States, in order that they may be prevented from committing further depredations on commerce, and that the persons on board of them may no longer enjoy impunity for their crimes. And I do further proclaim and declare that if, after a reasonable time shall have elapsed for this proclamation to become known in the ports of nations claiming to have been neutrals, the said insurgent cruisers and the persons on board of them shall continue to receive hospitality in the said ports, this Government will deem itself justi- fied in refusing hospitality to the public vessels of such nations in ports of the United States, and in adopting such other measures as may be deemed advisable toward vindicating the national sovereignty. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth. [L. s.] ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State Page 19 UNION AUTHORITIES. 19 GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 91. TVashington, May 12, 1865. ORDER ORGANIZING BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABAN- DONED LANDS. I. By direction of the President, Maj. Gen. 0. 0. Howard is assigned to duty in the War Department as Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, under the act of Con- gress entitled An act to establish a bureau for the relief of freed- men and refugees, to perform the duties and exercise all the rights, authority, and jurisdiction vested by the act of Congress in such com- missioner. General Howard will enter at once upon the duties of Commissioner specified in said act. II. The Quartermaster-General will without delay assign and fur- nish suitable quarters and apartments for the said Bureau. III. The Adjutant-General will assign to the said Bureau the 1mm- ber of competent clerks authorized by the act of Congress. By order of the President of the United States: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. Act referred to in General Orders, No. 91 (A. G. 0.), 1865. AN ACT to establish a bureau for the relief of freedmen and refugees. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress asse~nbled, That there is hereby established in the War Department, to continue during the present war of rebellion, and for one year thereafter, a Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, to which shall be committed as hereinafter provided, the supervision and management of all aban- doned lands, and the control of all subjects relating to refugees and freedmen from rebel States, or from any district of country within the territory embraced in the operations of the Army, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the head of the Bureau and approved by the President. The said Bureau shall be under the management and control of a commissioner to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, whose compensation shall be three thousand dollars per annum, and such number of clerks as may be assigned to him by the Secretary of War, not exceeding one chief clerk, two of the fourth class, two of the third class, and five of the first class. And the Commissioner, and all per- sons appointed under this act, shall, before entering upon their duties, take the oath of office prescribed in an act entitled An act to pre- scribe an oath of office, and for other purposes, approved July sec- ond, eighteen hundred and sixty-two; and the Commissioner and chief clerk shall, before entering upon their duties, give bonds to the Treasurer of the United States, the former in the sum of fifty thousand dOllars, and the latter in the sum of ten thousand dollars, conditioned for the faithful discharge of their duties, respectively, with securities to be approved as sufficient by the Attorney-General, which bonds shall be filed in the office of the First Comptroller of the Treasury, to be by him put in suit for the benefit of any injured party upon any breach of the conditions thereof. SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the Secretary of War may direct such issues of provisiomis, clothing, and fuel as lie may dee Page 20 20 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. needful for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of desti- tute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children, under such rules and regulations as he may direct. SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That the President may, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint an assistant com- missioner for each of the States declared to be in insurrection, not exceeding ten in number, who shall, under the direction of the Com- missioner, aid in the execution of the provisions of this act; and he shall give a bond to the Treasurer of the United States, in the sum of twenty thousand dollars, in the form and manner prescribed in the first section of this act. Each of said commissioners shall receive an annual salary of two thousand five hundred dollars in full compensa- tion for all his services. And any military officer may be detailed and assigned to duty under this act without increase of pay or allowances. The Commissioner shall, before the commencement of each regular session of Congress, make full report of his proceedings, with exhibits of the state of his accounts, to the President, who shall communicate the same to Congress, and shall also make special reports whenever required to do so by the President or either House of Congress; and the assistant commissioners shall make quarterly reports of their pro- ceedings to the Commissioner, and also such other special reports as from time to time may be required. SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the Commissioner, under the direction of the President, shall have authority to set apart, for the use of loyal refugees and freedmen, such tracts of land within the insurrectionary States as shall have been abandoned, or to which the United States shall have acquired title by confiscation or sale, or otherwise; and to every male citizen, whether refugee or freedman as aforesaid, there shall be assigned not more than forty acres of such land, and the person to whom it was so assigned shall be protected in the use and enjoyment of the land for the term of three years at an annual rent not exceeding six per centum upon the value of such land as it was appraised by the State authorities in the year eighteen hun- dred and sixty for the purpose of taxation; and in case no such appraisal can be found, then the rental shall be based upon the esti- mated value of the land in said year, to be ascertained in such man- ner as the Commissioner may by regulation prescribe. At the end of said term, or at any time during said term, the occupants of any par- cels so assigned may purchase the land and receive such title thereto as the United States can convey, upon paying therefor the value of the land as ascertained and fixed for the purpose of determining the annual rent aforesaid. SEC. 5. And be it farther enacted, That all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. Approved March 3, 1865. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 94. Washington, May 16, 1865. The following regulations are announced, and will be observed in discharging from service such volunteers as are hereafter to be mus- tered out with their regimental or company organizations: I. Army corps, or at least the divisions thereof, will be kept intact, and immediately upon receipt of an order directing any portion of the forces to be mustered out commanding generals of armies and depart Page 21 UNION AUTHORITIES. 21 ments will order the said troops (if not already thereat) to one of.the following rendezvous, viz: 1. Middle Military Division, aiid troops of other armies or depart- ments arriving therein: Defenses of Washihgton, D. C.; Harpers Ferry, Va., and Cumberland, Md. 2. Military Division of ~he James: Richmond and Old Point Coin- fort, Va. 3. Department of North Carolina: New Berne and Wilmington. 4. Department of the South: Charleston, S. C., and Savannah, Ga. ~5. Military Division of West Mississippi: Mobile, Ala.; New Orleans, La., and Vicksburg, Miss. Cl. Military Division of the Missouri: Little Rock, Ark.; Saint Louis, Mo., and Fort Leavenworth, Kans. 7. Department of the Cumberland: Nashville, Knoxville, and Mem- phis, Teun. 8. Department of Kentucky: Louisville. 9. Middle Department: Baltimore, Md. Commanding generals of armies and departments are authorized to change the aforesaid places of rendezvous should the public interest so demand. For the Departments of the East, Pennsylvania, Northern, North- west, New Mexico, and Pacific, such special orders will be given from the Adjutant-Generals Office relative to the troops therein serving as may be demanded by circumstances as the time for discharge is approached. II. In case of one or more regiments of a division being mustered outthe division remaining in the fieldsaid regiment or regiments ~rill be mustered out at the place where found serving at the time, and then placed en route to the State, as hereinafter directed. III. The Adjutant-General of the Army will designate places of rendezvous in the respective States, to which the regiments, after muster out, will be forwarded for payment. IV. Upon arrival at the rendezvous where the musters out are to take place, a critical examination of the regimental and company records, books, & c., will be made; and in case of omissions, the proper commanders will be made to supply them, and make all the entries as enjoined by the Army Regulations. At the same time the muster-out rolls will be commenced and prepared in accordance with existing regulations, under the direction of the assistant commissaries of musters of divisions, superintended by the corps commissaries. Corps and department commanders will see that the work is pushed with energy and executed promptly, using to this end division and brigade commanders to superintend it, and their respective staff officers to aid the mustering officers in collecting the data for the muster-out rolls and discharge papers, as well as the preparation of the samue. In framing the rolls particular care must be exercised in stating balances of bounty payable. (See General Orders, No. 84, current series, from this office.) V. So soon as the rolls of a regiment are completed, the said com- mnand, with its arms, colors, and necessary equipage, will be placed en route to its State, and to the rendezvous therein at or nearest which it was mustered in. En route, and after arrival in the State, the following will be observed: 1. Immediately on arrival at the State rendezvous the regiment will be reported to and taken control of by the chief mustering officer fo Page 22 22 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. the State, or his assistant at the point. The said officers will lend all needful assistance in their power to the paymasters, with the view to prompt payment of the troops. 2. The regimental officers will be held to a strict accountability for the discipline of their commands and preservation of public property. 3. The commissary of musters of the division to which the regiment belonged in the field will take possession of the copies of muster-out rolls intended for the field and staff, companies, and paymaster; also the company and regimental records, with all surplus blank rolls, returns, discharges, & c., in possession of regimental and company commanders, or other officers, and after boxing them np place them, whilst en route, under the special charge of a discreet and responsible officer of the regiment. The sole duty of said officer will be to care for and preserve said rolls and records whilst en route, and on arrival at the State rendezvous where payment is to be made to turn them over to the chief mustering officer or his assistant at that place. 4. Paymasters will be designated by the Pay Department to meet regiments at the designated State rendezvous and there make final payments, obtaining for that purpose the rolls from the mustering officer thereat. ~5. Whilst troops are awaiting payment supplies will be furnished by the respective supply departments, on the usual requisitions and returns, countersigned by the chief mustering officer or his assistant. 6. Until after payment and the final discharge of the troops the chief mustering officer will look to their being kept together and under discipline. 7. The chief mustering officer will, under regulations to be estab- lished by himself, take possession of and carefully preserve tIme regi- mental and company records, also the colors with the respective regiments, and hold them subject to orders from the Adjutant- General of the Army. 8. As soon as practicable after arrival at the State rendezvous the chief mustering officer or his assistant will see that the arms and other public property brought to the State by the troops are turned over to the proper officer of the supply department thereat. VI. In preparing the muster-out rolls, corps, department, division, and brigade commanders will hold regimental officers to a strict accountability, in order to insure accurate and complete records of the enlisted men, and the better to establish the just claims of the non-commissioned officers and privates who have been wounded, or of the representatives of those who have died from disease or wounds, or been killed in battle. VII. Prior to the departure of regiments from the rendezvous where mustered out, all public property (except arms, colors, and equipage required en route) will be turned over to and cared for by the proper officers of the supply departments concerned. VIII. What is prescribed in the foregoing for a regiment will be applicable to a battery of artillery or an independent company. IX. At the respective State rendezvous the following is ordered, viz: 1. The Paymaster-General will be prepared to have a sufficient force of paymasters to insure prompt payments. 2. The Quartermaster-General and Commissary-General of Sub- sistence will be prepared to have a suitable number of officers of their respective bureaus to provide supplies, transportation, & c., and receipt for public property. 3. The Chief of Ordnance will arrange to have a suitable number of officers of his Bureau to receive the arms, accounterments, & c Page 23 UNION AUTHORITIES. 23 X. The attention of commanding generals of armies and depart- ments is directed to the importance of regimental and company officers having their records so completed and arranged that at any time the muster-out rolls may be prepared without delay. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 18. Washington, May 15, 1866. After the receipt of this commissaries of musters for army corps and departments will render tn-monthly a report of troops mustered out of service under their direction. The first report will embrace all troops mustered out since the 1st instant. To this end assistant commissaries of musters for divisions will forward corresponding reports to the corps or department coinmis- saries, and these, after consolidation with such musters out as that officer may have made during the same period, will be forwarded to the Adjutant-General of the Army on the 10th, 20th, and last days of each month. The corps (or department) commissary of musters will forwar~l the consolidated report, which must be in accordance with the following form, viz: Tn-monthly report of troops mustered out of the service of the United States from to , 186, by , commissary of musters. Strength or number mus- tered out. Designation of muster troops belong, regiment or Date of State to which organization, out. Remarks. Ohio 56th volunteer Infantry.... May 31 25 605 NoTEEnvelope con- New York 7th Yolunteer cavalry June 2 I 6 200 taming report will he ad. Massachusetts 3d Yoluntoer Artillery ... June 3 17 425 dressed to Bvt. Col. T. M. Yincent, assistant adjo. Total 48 1, 230 tant-general, Adj n taut I Generals Office, washing ton, D.C. A B Captein, Twenty-sixth New Fork Cavalry, Coinmissery of Musters, Twenty-fourth Corps. Station: Date: Official. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS,) MIL. DIV. OF THE MISSISSIPPI, CHIEF ENGR.S OFFICE, U. S. MIL. R. Rs., No. . ) New Berne, N. CL, May 15, 1865. By order of the director and general manager of the U. S. Military Railroads the Construction Corps in the Department of North Carolin Page 24 24 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. is disbanded, and the number of employ6s on the military railroads reduced to a force barely sufficient to keep in repair and operate the Morehead City and Raleigh and the Wihnington-Goldsborough lines. All men discharged under this order will be furnished free trans- portation by water from here to Fortress Monroe, or some other Northern port, and those who have served for three months or longer will be furnished transportation from there to their homes. Good order and discipline are enjoined upon the members of Con- struction Corps while en route to their homes, and I sincerely trust that all will conduct themselves worthy of the high reputation which this organization has justly acquired. You leave the service because your work is done. The cause of the Union is triumphant and the rebellion virtually crushed. Many of you have served long and faithfully in the military railroad service, and you now leave it with the proud consciousness of having done your part to make our cause successful. Not only does General Sherman bear testimony to the value of the services of the Construction Corps in opening and keeping open his lines of communication and supplies, and thus enabling him to make his long and damaging marches into the enemys territory, but even his formidable opponent, the rebel leader General Johnston, gives his testimony to the same effect. With such a record you may be well satisfied. W. W. WRIGHT, Chief Engr. Military Railroads, Miii. Dii. of the Mississippi. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 19. ~ Washington, May 16, 1865. I. Under paragraph III, General Orders, No. 94, May 15, current series, from this office, the following State rendezvous, to which troops mustered out will be forwarded for payment, are announced, viz: Maine: Augusta, Portland, and Bangor. New Hampshire: Concord and Manchester. Vermont: Montpelier, Brattleborough, and Burlington. Massachusetts: Boston (Readville and Gallupes Island). Rhode Island: Providence. Connecticut: Hartford and New Haven. New York: New York City (Harts Island), Albany, Elmira, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Sacketts Harbor, Plattsburg, and Ogden sburg. New Jersey: Trenton. Penmisylvania: Philadelphia, Harrisburg, and Pittsbnrg. Delaware: Wilmington. Maryland: Baltimore and Frederick. West Virginia: Wheeling. Ohio: Cincinnati (Camp Dennison), Cleveland (Camp Cleveland), Columbus (Camp Chase and Tod Barracks). Indiana: Indianapolis. Illinois: Springfield and Chicago. Michigan: Detroit and Jackson. Wisconsin: Madison and Milwaukee. Minnesota: Fort Snelling. Iowa: Davenport and Clinton. Kansas: Lawrence and Leavenworth. Missonri: Saint Louis (Benton Barracks). Kentucky: Louisville, Lexington, and Covington Page 25 UNION AUTHORITIES. 25 II. When the muster out of a regiment has been completed, and it is ready to start for the State (see paragraph V, General Orders, No. 94, current series, Adjutant-Generals Office), the assistant commis- sary of musters for the division to which it belongs will immediately report (by telegram when practicable) to the Paymaster-General of the Army, Washington, D. C.,its numerical designation, number of commissioned officers, number of enlisted men, and rendezvous in the State where ordered to for payment and final discharge. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, May 16, 1865. The Secretary of War directs that the provisions of General Orders, No. 77, current series, be extended to include all patients who, although requiring further medical treatment, are able to travel and desire to be discharged (with the exceptions heretofore made). Also all men yet in hospitals, recently transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, as soon as the interest of the public service will permit. The order for the discharge from hospitals should be liberally interpreted. The word patients~~ in telegram of May 3 was intended to include all enlisted men who were in hospital, except the guards and nurses belonging to the Veteran Reserve Corps. SAMUEL BRECK, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Col. J. A. WILCOX May 18, 1865. Chief Mustering Officer, Golumbus, Ohio: All volumiteer organizations of white troops in General Shermans army and the Army of the Potomac whose terms of service expire prior to October 1 next, have been ordered mustered out. The musters out are to be made in the vicinity of this city, and thereafter regiments and companies sent to State for payment. (See regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, of 15th instant.) The troops for muster out will be: First. The three-years regiments mustered into service under call of July 2, 1862, and prior to October 1 of that year. Second. Three-years recruits mustered into service for old regi- ments between the same dates. Third. One-years men for new and old organizations who entered the service prior to October 1, 1864. Your records, or those of the State adjutant-general, will furnish the number of troops and particular regiments to be discharged, as herein indicated. You should arrange a list accordingly, so that you will be prepared to receive and care for the troops on their arrival in State. Furnish Governor with copy of this amid acknowledge receipt. By order of Secretary of War: THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 26 26 CORRESPONDENCES ETC. (Copy for the following chief mustering officers: Brigadier-General Pitcher, Indiana; Brigadier-General Oakes, Illinois; Lieutenant-Col- onel Grier, Iowa; Colonel Alexander, Missouri; Lieutenant-Colonel Lovell, Wisconsin; Lieutenant-Colonel Hill, Michigan; Colonel Ely, New Jersey; Major Austine, Vermont; Major Silvey, New Hampshire; Lieutenant-Colonel Neide, Rhode Island; Lieutenant-Colonel Gilbert, Connecticut; Major Clarke, Massachusetts; Lieutenant-Colonel Littler, Maine.) QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington City, May 19, 1865. Hon. E. M. STANTON Secretary of War: SIR: I have the hoiior to inclose certain papers* relative to the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. The Governor of Virginia, Hon. F. H. Peirpoint, asks that this road be placed in possession of certain gentlemen appointed by the Board of Public Works to receive it. His letter is addressed to the Secre- tary of War. Mr. John S. Barbour, president of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad for many years, incloses to Major-General Augur, command- ing the Department of Washington, an order of Major-General Ord, placing him in charge of that part of the railroad in the Department of Virginia not in use by the military authorities. lie asks authority to take possession of the property of the company in the city of Alexandria. He states that he has complied with the regulations, i. e., taken the amnesty oath, and that he has held no military office under the rebel Government while governing the road during the last four years of rebellion. He claims to represent the stockholders. I have been advised that there are stockholders, loyal men of the North, whose property was seized four years ago, and who have not been allowed any voice in the control of the affairs of the road or in the election of its president or directors. I doubt whether taking the amnesty oath re-establishes any person elected by disloyal votes as the legal or equitable president of a railroad from which all loyal men have been excluded during the past four years. The State of Virginia has a Board of Public Works, charged with the general supervision of railroads and other public works of the State. I am advised that the State holds an interest of three-fifths in all the railroads and canals and turnpikes. Mr. John S. Barbour, however, informs me that the Orange and Alexandria Railroad is an exception to this rule; that it is the property almost entirely, if not entirely, of private parties; others deny this. The question of the disposition of the railroads in the States lately in rebellion is a large one, and after reflection I have the honor to advise that the following principles be established to govern the action of the Quartermasters Department and of the military authorities in disposing of all of them: First. The United States will, as soon as it can dispense with the military occupation and control of any road of which the Quarter- masters Department is now in charge, turn it over to the parties ask- ing to receive it who may appear to have the best claim and be able to operate it in such manner as to secure the speedy movement of all * Omitted Page 27 UNION AUTHORITIES. 27 military stores and troops. The Quartermaster-General, upon the ad- vice of the military commander of the department, to determine when this can be done, snbject to the approval of the Secretary of War. Second. No charge to be made against the railroad for expense of material or expense of operation. Third. All materials for permanent way nsed in the repair and con- struction of the road and all damaged material of this class which may be left along its route, having been thrown there during the oper- ations of destruction or repair, to be considered as part of the road and given up with it. Fourth. No payment or credit to be given to the railroad for its occupation or use by the United States during the continuance of the military necessity which compelled the United States to take posses- sion of it by capture from the public enemy. The recovery of the road from the public enemy and its return to loyal owners, with the vast expenditure of defense and repair, are a full equivalent for its use. Fifth. All movable property, including rolling-stock of all kinds, the property of the United States, to be sold at auction, after full public notice, to the highest bidder. Sixth. All rolling-stock and material, the property before the war of railroads, and captured by the forces of the United States, to be placed at the disposal of the roads which originally owned it, and to be given up to these roads as soon as it can be spared and they appear 1)y proper agents authorized to receive it. Seventh. When a State has a board of public works able and will- ing to take charge of its railroads, the railroads in possession of the Quartermasters Department to be given up to this board of public works, leaving it to the State authorities and to the judicial tribunals to regulate all questions of property between rival boards, agents, or stockholders. Eighth. Roads not being operated by the U. S. Quartermasters Department not to be interfered with unless under military necessity, such roads to be left in possession of such persons as may now have possession, subject only to the removal of every agent, director, pres- ident, superintendent, or operative who has not taken the oath of allegiance to the United States, which rule should be rigidly enforced. Ninth. When the superintendents in actual possession decline to take such oath, some competent person to be appointed as receiver of the railroad, who shall administer the affairs of the road and account for its receipts to the board of directors who may be formally recog- nized as the legal and loyal board of managers. This receiver to be appointed, as in the case of other abandoned property, by the Treas- ury Department. Tenth. I recommend that the Governor of the State of Virginia be informed that the War Department will interpose no obstacle to the Board of Public Works of the State taking possession of all the rail- roads in the State not in use and occupation of the military forces of the United States by the Quartermasters Department, and that as soon as the military occupation of any of these roads can be safely dispensed with the road will be transferred to the charge of the Board of Public Works. In some of the States the State is a large bondholder in the roads, and though there may be in such States no board of public works, it is probable that the State authorities will be willing to receive and take charge of the roads. If not, receivers should be appointed b Page 28 28 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. the Treasury Department, upon application of the War Department, to take charge of them as abandoned property. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General and Brevet Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D. C., May 19, 1865. Brig. Gen. B. W. BRICE, Paymaster- General of the Army: GENERAL: The lieutenant-general desires to know about what dine the troops in and around Richmond, and the armies commanded respectively by Generals Sherman and Meade, and now in the vicinity of Washington, will be paid. Will you please furnish the desired information? Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. A. RAWLINS Brigadier- General and Chief of Staff. WAR DEPARTMENT, PAYMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, May ~?O, 1866. General JOHN A. RAWLINS, Chief of Staff, & c.: SIR: Yours of yesterday this moment received, and I have the honor to reply: All the efforts of the Treasury have been directed for the past two weeks to the means necessary for the final payment of troops ordered to be mustered out, amounting, according to the Adjutant-Generals lists, to about 123,000 men, all told. The payment of these, with the large arrears due, the large bounties due, and three months extra to officers, will require about ~50,000,000. These payments will be met promptly and without peradventure, the Treasury having very nearly, if not quite, met the emergency. It will depend upon the ability of the Treasury entirely as to the time when the payments about which you inquire can be made. I will have an early conference with the officers of that Department and endeavor to give you an early response. In addition to the forces named, I regret to say that General Thomas command, in the West, is yet unpaid since August 31 last. The Army of the Potomac and troops about Richmond have been paid to December 31. Therefore, after Shermans army, paid to August 31~, Thomas should be next paid. All these payments you will readily perceive will require a very large sum of money to be yet provided. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. W. BRICE, Paymaster-General U. S. Army. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, May 20, 1866. GOVERNOR OF MAINE: Under the regulations established by the Secretary of War and the orders from this office based thereon, troops about to be discharge Page 29 UNION AUTHORITIES. 29 should go out of service promptly, be properly cared for, and their interests fully protected in every respect. Should delinquencies on the part of officers charged with execution of details come to your notice, I will thank yon to advise me of the same at once, giving name of neglectful parties, so that a remedy may be applied. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. (Same to Governors of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Penn- sylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, Missouri, and Kentucky.) MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississippi, CHIEF ENGINEERS OFFICE U.S. MILITARY RAILROADS, New Berne, N. C., May 20, 1865. General D. C. MOCALLUM, Alit. Director and Geni. Manager Railroads, United States: GENERAL: I have the honor to submit th~ following report of oper- ations on the U. S. military railroads nuder my charge since the date of my last report, November 1, 1864i~ After General Shermans army was fully supplied at Atlanta he cut loose from his railroad line of supply and we fell back with all rolling-stock and other portable railroad property to Chattanooga, stopping long enough, however, to take up the track between Resaca and Dalton, a distance of eighteen miles, and bring to Chattanooga all the iron rails, including those damaged by the enemy in his last attack on the road. The Construction Corps was then distributed over the lines of military railroads still held by our forces, and employed at various necessary jobs of construction and repairs and in preparing material to reconstruct any portion of the tracks and structures that might again be destroyed. This work was continued until the rebel army under General Hood had advanced so far north of the Tennessee River that it became evident most, if not all, our lines would fall into their hands. The greater part of the corps was then concentrated at cert~dn points from which they could operate to the best advantage when we should again get possession of the roads. One division of trackmen was sent to Louisville to lay additional tracks to hold the large number of cars and engines which we were sending there for safety. On the 1~th of December the battle of Nashville commenced, and by the 18th General Thomas had thor- oughly defeated Hood and driven his shattered army as far as Franklin. On that day he directed all the damaged railroads to be rebuilt. On the 19th I had four strong working parties at this work one working from Nashville toward Decatur and following the army as rapidly as possible; another working from Nashville toward Ste- venson; a third working from Stevenson toward Nashville, and the fourth working from Stevenson toward Decatur. These lines were all opened up, except a portion of the Nashville and Decatur line, by the 28th of December, the day I received your order to take one division of the Construction Corps and proceed to Savannah to join General Sherman. Orders were immediately given on the receipt of * See Inclosure B to report of General McCallum of November 27, 1864, Vol. IV, this series, p. 957 Page 30 30 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. your dispatch for the Second Division to prepare for the journey, and they left Nashville on the 4th of January for Baltimore, fully equipped for any kind of railroad work. Arriving in Baltimore on the 10th, there was a delay of eight days before a vessel could be furnished to take them to Savannah. On the 28th they arrived at Hilton Head, but were not disembarked there. On the 29th General Sherman gave me orders to proceed with my men to Morehead City, N. C., and prepare to make railroad connection to Goldsborough by the middle of March. We left Hilton Head on the 3d and arrived off Morehead City on the 5th of February. The men and railroad supplies brought with us were landed next day. We found the railroad in running order from Morehead City to Batchelders Creek, a distance of forty-four miles. The track, however, was in bad condition, and the sidings were entirely inadequate to the business about to be thrown upon the road. The wharf at Morehead City had not half the capacity required for unloading vessels, and there was not fifty cords of wood on the whole road for railroad use. The equipment of the road consisted of sixty-two cars ~nd three locomotives in miming order, and nine cars and two locomotives unfit for use without repairs. I appointed J. B. Van Dyne, esq., superintendent of transportation and William Cess- ford master mechanic, and they went to work at once to organize their respective departments. The Construction Corps, under Mr. Smeed, division engineer, was put to work repairing maimtrack and extend- ing old sidings and laying new ones where required; preparing cross- ties, bridge timber, saw logs, piles, and wharf timber; building and repairing water-tanks, and other necessary work preparatory to an extension of the road and conducting a large business. Arrange- ments were made for an ample supply of wood. I found Mr. McAlpine on the road with a small construction force; they had repaired a few hundred yards of track an& almost completed the bridge over Batch- elders Creek. He had been sent here by order of General Grant, but as soon as we arrived he considered himself relieved and returned at once to Virginia with his men. Mr. MeAlpine had brought some little railroad iron and a few cross-ties with him from Virginia, but with this exception we found the road destitute of materials and tools necessary for construction and repairs and for operating it. Accord- ingly requisitions for the necessary amount of these supplies, together with the probable additional amount of rolling-stock that would be required, were sent at once to your office. Having received orders on the 17th of February to build a new wharf of considerable dimensions at Morehead City, I also made requisition for two steam pile drivers and such material for this purpose as could not be procured here. On the 3d of March General Cox (who was in command of the column that moved from here) commenced his advance toward Goldsborough. He was poorly supplied with wagon transportation, and therefore had to depend upon the railroad almost entirely. The construction of the railroad kept pace with the advance of the troops, and the supplies were moved by rail from camp to camp and unloaded from the main track as the troops marched up the road. Of course track laying could not advance so rapidly under such circumstances as if the track had been kept clear for construction purposes; but still the progress was very satisfactory. This mode of advance and movement of sup- plies was continued until we reached a point on the railroad opposite the battle-field of Wises Cross-Roads. Here we made a temporary depot, and (a supply of wagon transportation having arrived) store Page 31 UNION AUTHORITIES. 31 were hauled in wagons to Kinston, to which point General Schofield (who had arrived and taken command) pushed forward with his army immediately after the baffle. From a short distance beyond Batch- elders Creek we had found the track thus far taken up and the rails carried away and all the bridges and water stations destroyed. An examination of the road beyond showed it to be in the same condition as far as Kinston. The enemy having fallen back to or beyond Goldsborough, and General Couchs command having arrived from Wilmington, General Schofield desired to accumulate the necessary supplies as rapidly as possible so as to enable him to push forward and make the pre- arranged junction with General Shermans army at Goldsborough by the middle of March. It became, therefore, a matter of utmost iniportance to push forward the work on the railroad with utmost rapidity (at least as far as the Neuse River), and the Third Division of the Construction Corps having arrived, I was enabled from this time to keep the work going night and day. Most of the cross-ties used up to this time in the new track had been cut alongside the railroad and carrP~d onto the road bed. It became necessary to cut these ties because we had not cars and engines to spare from hauling army supplies to bring up the stock previously prepared at points back on the railroad, and they had to be carried to the place where used because our ox teams could not cross the deep and wide ditch, mostly full of water, on both sides of the road bed. Not having men enough to cut and carry ties as fast as we could put down the rails, I applied to General Schofield for a detail of soldiers to assist. He ordered the detail made, and they worked two days, in that time getting out and bringing to the road 5,400 ties. We reached Neuse River with the track on the 20th of March, and the same day coni- menced running supplies to that point with all the cars and engines we had. The Neuse River bridge was completed on the 23d, and the track between it and Kinston having been laid while the bridge was building, the construction force moved forward, and, building two bridges and doing some other work by the way, reached Goldsborough late in the night of the 24th, but, in consequence of having to repair a small piece of track at the edge of town, did not reach the depot until 3 a. m. on the 25th. General Shermans army had all reached the place of meeting on the previous day. The construction force was now sent forward to open up the road to Wilmington, while the whole energies of the transportation department were concentrated in an effort to supply the present wants of the large army which had assembled in and around Goldsborough after its long march from Savannah, and in addition to accumulate supplies by the 10th of April for the contemplated movement on that day. Of course until the Wilmington line could be opened we had to depend upon tIme Morehead City line alone. Knowing General Shermans punctuality, I was much concerned for fear that with the small amount of rolling-stock on hand it would be impossible to accomplish the work required of us within the time named; but by good management and good luck I am happy to state that on the evening of the 9th the chief quartermaster and the chief commissary of subsistence informed me that the whole army was supplied with everything required for the movement next day. I attribute the result partly to good luck, because, although every wheel we had was kept turning night and day during this period, we were so fortunate as not to have a single accident. The disabling of Page 32 32 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. single locomotive or a few ears would have been an irreparable loss. It seems ahuost incredible that this work was done; that about 150 car-loads in excess of enough supplies for Shermans army were moved in fourteen days from Morehead City and New Berne to Goldsborough with only eighty-seven cars and five engines up to April 1, and same number of cars and six engines after that date. The repairs to the Wilmington road were completed on the 4th of April; the trains com- nienced running the same day. The few cars and the two engines that had arrived at Wilmington up to this date were used in supply- ing General Terrys command, which lay along this road pending the movement on Raleigh. On the 10th of April the work of reconstruction commenced on the Goldsborough and Raleigh line. This was found to be much heavier than was anticipated, for the enemy, having obtained information, probably, of the direction in which Sherman was going to move, had within a day or two previous torn up and destroyed about eight miles of track and filled up some of the cuts with trees, brnsh, logs, rocks, and earth. We were until the 19th in repairing this damaged track and in rebuilding the Little River and Neuse River bridges. On the evening of that day we ran into Raleigh with the construction trains, followed closely by two train-loads of supplies. During the armis- tice our trains were kept going day and night bringing forward full supplies for the army, either for a resumption of hostilities or a march homeward. On the 25th, when General Sherman informed me that the army moves to-morrow against the enemy in the direction of Greensborough and Salisbury, the wagons were again fully loaded, and there was, in addition, a considerable accumulation of stores at Raleigh. The addition of our rolling-stock received from the North, together with some captured stock that was serviceable, enabled us to get forward the stores with comparative ease now, and also carry on construction and repairs. It was a great relief to know that we had the means to do our work, and feel that an accident to one train would not necessarily disarrange the whole plans of the campaign. But, although we had rolling-stock enough for present use, we had not enough should the army advance on Greensborough and Salisbury. I therefore, on the 21st of April, went out to Cedar Creek, on the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, twenty-five miles from Raleigh, to meet the president of that company and see if we could borrow some stock from them. By direction of General Sherman I agreed with him to rebuild the bridge over Cedar Creek for the use of four loco- motives and forty cars for as long a time as they might be required for military purposes. We built the bridge, but the surrender of Johnston and the arrival of more stock from the North made it unnec- essary to call on that company for the fulfillment of their part of the contract. The rebuilding of Cedar Creek bridge completed the rail- road connection between Raleigh and the Roanoke River at Gaston and also at Weldon. During the suspension of hostilities we operated the North Carolina Railroad to Durhams Station, twenty-five miles from Raleigh. Immediately upon Johnstons surrender I was ordered to rebuild the Flat Creek bridge, some ten miles beyond Durham, which opened. the road to Salisbury. And our army being fully supplied, a large amount of stores were sent up the North Carolina Railroad for use of the force which had just surrendered duriiig the time required to parole the men. Shermans army having marched north, and John- stons army having been disbanded, there was left in this department only General Schofields command to supply. Compared with th Page 33 UNION AUTHORITIES. 33 business which we had been doing, this was but a small thing, and, in accordance with your order, arrangements were at once made to reduce the force employed in the transportation and machine depart- ments to the smallest numbers possible to do the work. Also in accordance with your orders the Construction Corps was disbanded, and the force employed on maintenance of way and structures much reduced. Under these orders about two-thirds of all the railroad employ6s in this department were discharged and expenses reduced accordingly. It is with no little regret that I part with the Construc- tion Corps, which I have taken such pains to organize and train for military railroad service; but at the same time that I feel this regret I rejoice that the necessity for this organization and their services no longer exist, and that having done their work they can now be dis- banded and go home. Since landing at Morehead City, on the 6th of February, we have, in addition to keeping up the superstructure, bridges, water stations, and other work connected with maintenance of i~ay, built about thirty-three miles of new track, including sidings and track laid for the reception of the wide-gauge stock that was to have been sent here. We have built the following-named bridges: Length (feet). Batchelders Creek, Morehead City, Goldsborough and Raleigh Railroad - - 70 Core Creek, Morehead City, Goldsborough and Raleigh Railroad. 100 Southwest Creek, Morehead City, Goldsborough and Raleigh Railroad - - - - 85 Neuse River, No. 1, Morehead City, Goldsborough and Raleigh Railroad - - 863 Falling Water Creek, Morehead City, Goldsborough and Raleigh Railroad 70 Bear Creek, Morehead City, Goldsborough and Raleigh Railroad 100 Little River, Morehead City, Goldsborough and Raleigh Railroad 150 Neuse River, No.2, Morehead City, Goldsborough and Raleigh Railroad - - 314 Neuse River, No.3, Wilmington and Goldsborough Railroad 235 Northeast River, Wilmington and Goldsborough Railroad 372 Cedar Creek, Raleigh and Gaston Railroad 532 Flat Creek, North Carolina Railroad 100 Total 2,991 The timber consumed in the construction of these bridges is as follows: Feet, B. NE. Batchelders Creek _____ 10 500 ~hCre~kCk 15,000 12,750 NeuseRiver,No.1 _____ 146 710 Falling Water Creek 10 500 Bear Creek _____ 15 000 _____ 25 500 Neuse River, No:2 62,800 _____ 39 950 Northeast River 111,600 Cedar Creek _____ 319 200 Flat Creek 10,000 Total 779,510 The new wharf at Morehead City was completed in time to be of much service in discharging vessels. There is room now for seven or eight vessels to lie at these wharves at the same time, and any vessel that can cross the bar can come to the wharf. The depth of water on the bar is fourteen and one-half feet. The area of the new wharf is 53,682 square feet, or very nearly one acre and a quarter. The cost of labor in its construction amounted to $32,086. The amount of timber consumed, 700,000 feet, board measue. The followfng summary of 3 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 34 34 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. timber consumed in the different structures on the roads is given. All other materials, except cross-ties and railroad iron, is, or should be, accounted for in the store-house report: Timber and lumber consumed. Feet, B. M. Bridges 779,510 Water-tanks 26,100 Crib-work (Morehead City) 66,000 Wharf 700,000 Buildings 32,000 TotaL 1 603,610 The total number of cross-ties used in new track and on repairs was 111,100. For information in regard to the timber, wood, cross-ties, & c., now on hand, see Exhibit B (report of J. M. Lindley, wood and tie agent), attached to this report. * Not having been furnished with an account of the railroad iron sent here, I cannot make an accurate report of the amount consumed. For the new track laid we straightened and used a great deal of damaged iron. In many cases we had to lay without chairs, because those sent with the iron did not fit it. Your attention is called to Exhibit A, attached tc this report (the store-house report signed by Captain Starkweather). * It purports to give the amount of stores and materials received, consumed, and remaining on hand. The report is evidently inaccurate in regard to lumber and some other items. It is also proper to state that many of the tools and other articles reported as on hand are worn out and worthless. Exhibit C contains accurate plans of all bridges built, together with a plan of the wharves at Morehead City. * Below please find tabular statements of cars and engines on the military railroads in this department. And here I take occasion to say that nearly all the captured stock is worth- less. Very little of it is worth even temporary repairs. Of course the best was run off to escape capture, but since the rebellion has been crushed, and the different railroad companies have commenced oper- ating their roads again, much of this has made its appearance, and we have thus had a good opportunity to judge of the condition of the rolling-stock in the Confederacy. It was nearly worn out. A tabu- lar statement is also given of the loaded cars moved on the military rail- roads in this department during seventy-four days ending May 1, 1865. List of engines on Morehead City and Goldsborough Line (U. S. military railroad stock). when No. Name. Builder. Condition, received. 1 Blue Bird Baldwin . Running order Mar. 19 2 Union do do Apr. 1 3 v~ilcan do do Apr. 26 ~ Governor Nye Norris do May 2 5 Reindeer do . Need repairs Feb. 9 6 Secretary Taunton Running order Apr. 26 7 GrapeShot do do Apr. 14 5 Chief do Need repairs Feb. 9 9 Scout Jersey City do Feb. 9 10 Commodore Smith & Jackson Good order May 1 11 Lion do do Apr. 14 12 Colonel Webster Manchester Need repairs Feb. 25 lii Ancient Norris do Feb. 9 * Omitted Page 35 35 UNION AUTHORITIES. Captured on Goldsborough and Raleigh Line. No. Name. Builder. Condition. When received. 1 Halifax Norris Need repairs Apr. 19 2 Tornado do Worthless Apr. 19 3 Raleigh do Need repairs Apr. 19 NOTEEngine Ancient on Morehead City and Goldsborough Line not fit for road is used at More- head City. Engines Halifax and Raleigh are only serviceable as switch engines and are used in that capacity at Raleigh. Statement of cars on U. S. military railroads. MOREHEAD CITY AND GOLDSBOROUGH LINE (U. S. MILITARY RAILROAD STOCKj. When Description. Condition, received. z 3 Passenger-cars Running order Feb. 9 11 Box-cars do Feb. 9 12 Rack-cars do Feb. 9 35 Flat-cars do Feb. 9 10 do Badorder Feb. 9 25 do Running order aMar. 19 15 do do bApr. 4 50 do do . cApr. 26 eAt Morehead City. b From Wilmington and Goldshorough. cAt New Berne. WILMINGTON AND GOLDSBOROUGH LINE (CAPTURED STOCK). 4 Passenger-cars Bad order Apr. 3 do Unserviceable Apr. 2 Baggage-cars Bad order Apr. 6 Box-cars - do Apr. 7 Flat-cars do Apr. Raleigh and Gaston Railroad (captured stock of different roads). When Description. Condition. received. 2 Passenger-cars Bad order Apr. 22 1 Baggage-car do Apr. 22 37 Box-cars do Apr. 22 14 do Unserviceable Apr. 22 1 Rack-car Bad order Apr. 22 24 Flat-cars do Apr. 22 4 4 4 4 4 List of captured engines on the Wilmington and Goldsborough Line. No. Name. Builder. Condition. When received. 1 Wilmington Manchester Running order Mar. 26 2 Perseverance Baldwin do Mar. 26 3 Goldsborough Manchester Need repairs Mar. 26 4 Orange do Being repaired Mar. 26 5 Governor Ellis Baldwin do Mar. 26 6 President Norris Worthless Mar. 26 7 Quickstep do do Mar. 26 8 Job Terry Hinkley do Mar. 26 9 Stonewall Jackson Norris do Mar. 26 10 Brunswick do do Mar. 26 11 North Carolina Baldwin do Mar. 26 12 Tarborough Anderson do Mar. 26 13 Unknown Manchester do Mar. 26 NOTE.Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are in use, but not considered serviceable Page 36 36 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Statement of loaded cars forwarded and received from February 15 to May 1, 1865. FORWARDED. From To Number. Contents. Morehead City Front 1,841 Stores. New Berne do 850 Do. Wilmington do 110 Do. Morehead City do 400 Troops. Total 3,201 RECEIVED. At From Number. Contents. New Berne Front 773 Unknown. Morehead City do 299 Do. Wilmington Goldsbor- 81 Do. on~h. New Berne Various 300 Wood. stations. Do Front 300 Baggage, & o. Total 1,755 NOTETwo hundred cars stores from dock to Morehead City; 1, 541 cars construction material moved an average distance of thirty miles. RECAPITULATION. Sent to the front 3, 201 Received at New Berne 1, ~ Received at Morehead City 299 Received at Wilmington 83 Construction material 1, 541 Transferring stores 200 Total number loaded cars forwarded and received 6,697 The following statement of cost of labor is taken from the pay- rolls and embraces the whole time since the Second Division left Nashville until the Construction Corps was disbanded; that is, from January 1 to May 15, 1865: Cost of labor On U. S. military railroads, Military Division oj the Mississippi, in the Department of North Carolina, 1865. January. February. March. April. May. Construction and maintenance $92, 083. 01 $128, 377. 69 $191, 131. 11 $176, 433. 56 $48, 028. 05 Machine department 4, 799. 69 8, 568. 86 17, 316. 07 27, 697. 21 6, 43L 84 Transportation department 5, 021. 00 5, 972. 55 15,116. 98 14, 582.48 3, 423. 00 Total 101,905.70 142,919.10 221,584.16 218,713.55 57,882.89 Total, $745, 005. 40. Names of U. S. military railroads, Department of North Carolina. Miles. MoreheadCityandGOldSbOrOughlifle 85 WilmingtonafldGOldsbOrOUghline 95 GoldsboroughandRaleighlifle 48 North Carolina, Raleigh to Hillsborough 40 Raleigh and Gaston, Raleigh to Cedar Creek 25 Total 29 Page 37 UNION AUTHORITIES. 37 In closing this report it gives me great pleasure to again bear tes- timony to the hearty and effective co-operation of the chief quarter- master and the chief commissary of subsistence Military Division of the Mississippi, Generals L. C. Easton and A. Beckwith, in all our operations. We have worked together for so long a time, under such a variety of circumstances, and over such an extent of territory, that we have learned how to supply a large army by railroad. Nothing but this knowledge and perfect harmony of action enabled us, with our limited railroad facilities, to make operations in this department a success. To my assistants great credit is due for this success. J. B. Van Dyne, superintendent of transportation, has shown good tact, skill, and untiring industry in his department. E. C. Smeed, division engineer, has ably assisted me in the maintenance of way and con- struction department. William Cessford, master mechanic, by his mechanical skill and indefatigable efforts to keep in repair our hard- worked rolling-stock, did excellent service. I commend the services of these gentlemen, together with many others holding subordinate positions, which the limits of this report preclude me from naming, to your consideration. Exhibit D shows the present organization in the military railroads in this department. * I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. W. WRIGHT, Chief Engineer Military Railroads, Div. of the Miss., In charge Military Railroads, Dept. of North Carolina. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 99. Washington, May 28, 1865. I. In order to recruit the ranks of the regular regiments as soon as practicable, the Adjutant-General will open recruiting stations at such points as offer a reasonable prospect of enlisting good men. II. Volunteers honorably discharged from the U. S. service who enlist in the Regular Army within ten days from date of discharge will be allowed a furlough of thirty days before joining their regi- ments. They will be paid all pay and allowances to which they may be entitled on being discharged from the volunteer service. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant AcUntant- General. [MAY 29, 1865.For amnesty proclamation of the President, and circular of Department of State establishing rules and regulations for administering and recording the amnesty oath, see Series II, Vol. VIII, p. 578.] By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, the fourth section of the fourth article of the Constitution of the United States declares that the United States shall guarantee * Omitted Page 38 38 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. to every State in the Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion and domestic violence; and whereas, the President of the United States is, by the Constitution, made Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, as well as chief civil Executive officer of the United States, and is bound by solemn oath faithfully to execnte the office of President of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and whereas, the rebellion which has been waged by a portion of the people of the United States against the properly constituted authorities of the Gov- ernment thereof, in the most violent and revolting form, but whose organized and armed forces have now been almost entirely overcome, has, in its revolutionary progress, deprived the people of the State of North Carolina of all civil government; and whereas, it becomes necessary and proper to carry out and enforce the obligations of the United States to the people of North Carolina, in securing them in the enjoyment of a republican form of government: Now, therefore, in obedience to the high and solemn duties imposed npon me by the Constitution of the United States, and for the pur- pose of enabling the loyal people of said State to organize a State Government, whereby justice may be established, domestic tranquillity insnred, and loyal citizens protected in all their rights of life, liberty, and property, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States and Commander-in-Chief of the Army aiid Navy of the United States, do hereby appoint William W. liolden Provisional Governor of the State of North Carolina, whose duty it shall be at the earliest practical period to prescribe snch rules and regulations as may be necessary and proper for convening a convention, composed of delegates to be chosen by that portion of the people of said State who are loyal to the United States, and no others, for the purpose of altering or amending the constitution thereof; and with authority to exercise, within the limits of said State, all the powers necessary and proper to enable such loyal people of the State of North Carolina to restore said State to its con- stitutional relations to the Federal Government, and to present snch a republican form of State government as will entitle the State to the guaranty of the United States therefor, and its people to protection by the United States against invasion, insurrection, and domestic violence: Provided, That in any election that may be hereafter held for choosing delegates to any State convention as aforesaid no person shall be qualified as an elector or shall be eligible as a member of such convention unless he shall have previously taken and subscribed the oath of amnesty, as set forth in the Presidents proclamation of May twenty-ninth, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and is a voter qualified as prescribed by the constitution and laws of the State of North Carolina in force immediately before the twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, the date of the so-called ordinance of secession; and the said cdnvention when convened, or the legislature that may be thereafter assembled, will prescribe the qualification of electors, and the eligibility of persons to hold office under the constitution and laws of the State, a power the people of the several States composing the Federal Union have rightfully exercised from the origin of the Government to the present time. And I do hereby direct First. That the military commander of the department, and all officers and persons in the military and naval service, aid and assis Page 39 UNION AUTHORITIES. 39 the said Provisional Governor in carrying into effect this proclamation, and they are enjoined to abstain from in any way hindering, impeding, or discouraging the loyal people from the organization of a State gov- ernment as herein authorized. Second. That the Secretary of State proceed to put in force all laws of the United States, the administration whereof belongs to the State Department, applicable to the geographical limits aforesaid. Third. That the Secretary of the Treasury proceed to nominate for appointment assessors of taxes, and collectors of customs and inter- nal revenue, and such other officers of the Treasury Department as are authorized by law, and put in execution the revenue laws of the United States within the geographical limits aforesaid. In making appointments the preference shall be given to qualified loyal persons residing within the districts where their respective duties are to be performed. But if suitable residents of the districts shall not be found, then persons residing in other States or districts shall be appointed. Fourth. That the Postmaster-General proceed to establish post- offices and post routes, and put int6 execution the postal laws of the United States within the said State, giving to loyal residents the preference of appointment; but if suitable residents are not found, themi to appoint agents, & c., from other States. Fifth. That the district judge for the judicial district in which North Carolina is included proceed to hold courts within said State in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress. The Attorney-General will instruct the proper officers to libel, and to bring to judgment, confiscation, and sale, property subject to confiscation, and enforce the administration of justice within said State in all matters within the cognizance and jurisdiction of the Federal courts. Sixth. That the Secretary of the Navy take possessiomi of all public property belonging to the Navy Department within said geographical limits, and put in operation all acts of Congress in relation to naval affairs having application to the said State. Seventh. That the Secretary of the Interior put in force the laws relating to the Interior Department applicable to the geographical limits afQresaid. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thou sand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-ninth. [L. s.] ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. (Same, mutatis mutandis, issued for the State of Mississippi, June 13, 1865; for the States of Georgia and Texas (separate proclama- tions) June 17, 1865; for the State of Alabama, June 21, 1865; for the State of South Carolina, June 30, 1865, and for the State of Florida, July 13, 1865. William L. Sharkey was appointed Provisional Governor of Mis- sissippi, James Johnsomm for Georgia, Andrew J. Hamilton for Texas, Lewis E. Parsons for Alabama, Benjamin F. Perry for South Caro- lina, and William Marvin for Florida. Page 40 40 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington City, iVliay ~9, 1865. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary, & c.: SIR: I have the honor to report that I have examined the subject of the disposition to be made of the railroads in the States lately in rebel- lion, referred to me in connection with the report of the Quartermaster- General, and the rules which he has recommended to be established. * The second rule proposed by the Quartermaster-General provides that no charge shall be made against railroad for expense of materials or expense of operation while it has been in the hands of the military authorities of the United States. In other words, he proposes to restore every railroad to its claimants without any special considera- tion from them for any improvements which the United States may have made upon it. It is true that in his fourth rule he includes past expenditures of defense and repair as an equivalent for the use of the road while it has been in the public service, but in many cases this does not appear to me to be suffiQient. Our expenditures upon some of these roads have been very heavy. For instance, we have added to the value of the road from Nashville to Chattanooga at least ~1,5OO,OOO. When that road was recaptured from the public enemy it was in a very bad state of repair. Its embankmnents were in many places partially washed away, its iron was what is known as the U-rail, and was laid in the defective old-fashioned manner, upon longitudinal sleepers, without cross-ties. These sleepers were also in a state of partial decay, so that trains could not be run with speed or safety. All these defects have now been remedied. The road bed has been placed in first-rate condition. The iron is now a heavy T-rail, laid upon new ties throughout the entire length of the line. Extensive repair shops have also been erected, well furnished with the necessary tools and machinery. I do not conceive that it would be just or advis- able to restore this road, with its improved track and these costly siiops, without any equivalent for the great value of these improve- ments other than the use we have made of it since its recapture. The fact that we have replaced the heavy and expensive bridges over Elk, Duck, and Tennessee Rivers, and over Running Water Creek, should also not be forgotten in deciding this question. The above general remarks are also applicable to that portion of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad between the Potomac and the Rapidan. Very extensive repair shops have been erected at Alexan- dria and furnished with costly machinery for the use of this road, and I understand that the iron and the road bed are now much better than when the Government began to use it. The same is still more the case with the road between City Point and Petersburg. When that road was recaptured from the public enemy not only was the road bed a good deal washed away and damaged, but neither rails nor sound ties were left upon it. Now it is in the best possible condition. Can any one contend that it ought to be restored to its claimants without charge for the new ties and iron? The case of the railroad from Harpers Ferry to Winchester is no less striking. It was a very poor road before the war and was early demolished by the rebels. Not a pound of iron, not a sound tie, was to be found upon the line when we began its reconstruction in Decem *See May 19, ~ 26 Page 41 UNION AUTHORITIES. 41 ber last. We have spent about ~OO,OOO in bringing it into its present condition, and I have no doubt our improvements could be sold for that sum to the Baltimore and Ohio Company, should they obtain the title to the road bed from the proper authorities of Virginia. Why, then, should we give them up for nothing? On the Morehead City and Goldsborough Railroad we have rebuilt twenty-seven miles of the track and furnished it with new iron, and laid new ties on many miles mere since February last. These views also hold good, unless I am much misinformed, with regard to the railroads leading into New Orleans, the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad, the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, and the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. They have all been improved at great expense while in our hands. In the third rule proposed by the Quartermaster-General it is pro- vided that all materials for permanent way used in the repair and construction of any road, and all damaged materials of this class which may be left along its route, having been thrown there during operations of destruction and repair, shall be considered as part of the road, and given up with it, also without compensation. If this means to give up any new iron that we have on the line of any road, it seems to me to concede to the parties to whom the roads are to be surrendered more than they have a right to claim. For instance, there is now lying at Alexandria, on the line of the Orange and Alexandria road, iron sufficient to lay thirty miles of track. It seems manifest to me that this iron should not be surrendered to that road without being paid for. In my judgment it is also advisable to estab- lish the principle that the Government will not pay for the damages done to any road in the prosecution of active hostilities, any more than it will pay for similar damages done by the enemy. With these exceptions the principles proposed by the Quartermaster-General appear to be correct. In accordance with these observations I would recommend that the rules be determined upon to govern the settlement of this matter: First. The United States will, as soon as it can dispense with the military occupation and control of any road of which the Quarter- masters Department is in charge, turn it over to the parties asking to receive it who may appear to have the best claim, and to be able to operate it in such a manner as to secure the speedy movement of all military stores and troops, the Quartermaster-General, upon the advice of the military commander of the department, to determine when this can be done, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War. Second. Where any State has a loyal board of public works, or other executive officers charged with the supervision of railroads, such roads shall be turned over to such board or officers, rather than to any ~orporations or private parties. Third. When any railroad shall be so turned over a board ot appraisers shall be appointed, who shall estimate and determine the value of any improvements which may have been made by the United States, either in the road itself or in its repair shops and permanent machinery, and the amount of such improvements shall be a lien upon the road. Fourth. The parties to whom the road is turned over shall have the option of purchasing at their value any tools, iron, or other materials for permanent way which have been provided by the United States for the improvement of the road but have not been used Page 42 42 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Fifth. All other movable property, including rolling-stock of all kinds, the property of the United States, to be sold at auction after full public notice to the highest bidder. Sixth. All rolling-stock and materials of railroads captured by the forces of the United States, and not consumed, destroyed, or per- manently fixed elsewhere, as, for instance, when captured iron has been laid upon other roads, shall be placed at the disposal of the roads which originally owned the same, and shall be given up to these roads as soon as it can be spared, and they appear by proper agents authorized to receive it. Seventh. No payment or credit shall be given to any railroad recap- tured from the public enemy for its occupation or use by the United States during the continuance of the military necessity which com- pelled the United States to take possession of it; but its capture and restoration shall be deemed a sufficient consideration for all such use; nor shall any indemnity be paid for injuries done to the property of any road by the forces of the United States during the continuance of the war. Eighth. Roads which have not been operated by the U. S. Quar- termasters Department not to be interfered with unless under mil- itary necessity, such roads to be left in possession of such persons as may now have possession, subject only to the removal of every agent, director, president, superintendent, or operative who has not taken the oath of allegiance to the United States. Ninth. When superintendents in actual possession decline to take the oath, some competent person shall be appointed as receiver of the road, who shall administer its affairs and account for its receipts to the board of directors, who may be formally recognized as the legal and loyal board of managers; the receiver to be appointed by the Treasury Department, as in the case of abandoned property. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. DANA, Assistant Secretary of War. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, May 29, 1865. GOVERNOR OF MAINE: Referring to my telegram of May 18, I have the honor to inform you that the order for muster out of volunteer white troops (except Vet- eran Reserve Corps) whose terms expire prior to October 1 next has been extended to include all armies and departments. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. (Same to Governors of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Penn- sylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, and Kentucky.) WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, May 29, 1865. DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS: Please announce that General Orders, No. 36, of 1862, with the three notes attached relating to dischargc of the sick, will be applied in al Page 43 UNION AUTHORITIES. 43 similar cases, as, for instance, in the case of discharges under General Orders, No. 77, of 186~5. There appears to be some misunderstanding in regard to it. This does not change regulations and orders as to who shall be mustered out and who discharged for disability, but only applies General Orders, No. 36, of 1862, to partial payments, descrip- tive lists, transportation, & c., of men discharged under General Orders, No. 77, current series, and similar orders. SAMUEL BRECK, Assistant Adjutant- General. (Copy to chief mustering officers.) GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 101. Washington, li/Lay 30, 1865. RETENTION OF ARMS BY SOLDIERS ON BEING HONORABLY DIS- CHARGED FROM SERVICE. Upon an honorable muster out and discharge from the service of the United States, all volunteer soldiers desiring to do so are hereby authorized to retain their arms and accouterments on paying there- for their value to the Ordnance Department. The payments will be made, under the regulations of the Ordnance Department, to the officer or representative thereof at the rendezvous in the State to which the troops are ordered for payment and final discharge. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, ililiay 30, 1865. GOVERNOR OF MAINE: An order has been issued directing all volunteer artillery in the Armies of the Potomac, Tennessee, and Georgia to be immediately mustered out and discharged the service of the United States. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. (Copy for the Governors of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu- setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl- vania, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Kansas.) GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 102. Washington, May 31, 1865. Department, district, post, and other commanding officers will make such temporary details of officers and soldiers as may be required by assistant commissioners of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, and render them, or other officers of said Bureau Page 44 44 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. any aid that may be required by them in the discharge of their offi- cial duties. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, May 31, 1865. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. Dix, Commanding Department of the East: The Secretary of War directs that all volunteer organizations of white troops of your command (except the Veteran Reserve Corps) whose terms of service expire prior to October 1 next be immediately mustered out of service. The organizations to be discharged will be ordered to report to the rendezvous in their respective States at or nearest which mustered in, there to be mustered out under the direction of the chief mustering officer of the State. Should your command be reduced prejudicially to the service by this order, you are authorized to suspend it in whole or in part, promptly notifying and stating reasons to the Adjutant-General of the Army, with a view to receiving further instructions. Please acknowledge this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. (Same to Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, commanding Northern Depart- ment, Cincinnati, Ohio.) CHATTANOOGA, June 1, 1865. A. ANDERSON, Chief Superintendent and Engineer Military Railroads of the United States: SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations of the Construction Corps, U. S. Military Railroads, Division of the Mississippi, from the date I was placed in charge, February 10, to June 1, 1865. Upon the completion of the work assigned me by Col. W. W. Wright, chief engineer, previous to his departure for Savan- nah, the rebuilding of the bridges on the Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson line, destroyed by Hood in his retreat from Nashville, amounting in the aggregate to 6,000 feet (linear), I reported to you at Nashville. On the 17th of February received orders from General MeCallum to send forward a division of the Construction Corps to Baltimore. I selected the Third Division, composed of Speers and Bones subdivisions of carpenters and workmen, comprising about 400 men,who, in charge of William McDonald, assistant engineer, left Nash- ville on February 25, with orders to proceed to Baltimore, and upon arrival there reporting to General MeCallum at Washington, D. C. This division I recalled from the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, where they had been sent a few days before, General Thomas decid- ing not to prosecute the work any further at that time. Upon the withdrawal of this division I organized the Seventh Division of track- men, detaching a part of the Fourth Division of carpenters as a bridge force. The Second Division having been transferred to North Caro- lina some time previous, and the Fifth and Sixth J)ivisions employe Page 45 UNION AUTHORITIES. 45 upon the Nashville and Northwestern and Nashville and Clarksville lines, left us on the 1st of March with the First, Fourth, and Seventh Divisions, amounting in all to about 2,000 men. On the 1st of March, by your order, I transferred the Fifth and Sixth Divisions of the Construction Corps, engaged in the construction and maintenance of the Northwestern and Clarksville lines, to the trans- portation department, they taking entire control of the roads from that date. February 16 sent the First Division of trackmen, who had been assisting the bridge force on the Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson line, to Chattanooga, and returned the bridge-builders of the First Division, by order of General Thomas, to Columbia, to erect a perma- nent turnpike bridge across Duck River at that point. I directed Mr. Rozelle, superintendent in charge, to put up a Howe truss of three spans, 112 feet each, using the bolts and castings of bridges destroyed on the railroad. The bridge was finished the latter part of May, hav- ing been built at intervals when the division was not otherwise employed. It is a strong and permanent structure of 350 feet in length, costing about $50 per foot (linear), which I would respectfully suggest charging the turnpike company or corporation of Columbia with. On the 25th of February we were visited by a freshet, almost un- precedented, which destroyed or injured to a greater or less extent all the bridges on the Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson line, on the Northwestern, five on the Chattanooga and Atlanta line between Chattanooga and Dalton, and two on the Clarksville line. The repairs of the roads were commenced at once by the First Division, the per- manent bridge force of the various lines, and a large force of Nagles men furnished by the transportation department. The bridges on the Chattanooga and Atlanta line were at the same time commenced by the Fourth Division, in charge of C. Latimer, division engineer, who upon their completion repaired with his force to the Elk River bridge on Nashville, Dacatur and Stevenson line, and continued working from that end of the line until joined by Rozelle, working south. On the 3d of March we had another freshet, almost as disastrous as the former one, destroying again nearly all the bridges we had rebuilt, and this time washing out three bridges on the Nashville and Chattanooga line and throwing four others out of line. Large forces of men were immediately put to work, and after an interrup- tion of one week communication was again established with Chatta- nooga on the Northwestern and Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson lines. Communication was not fully restored until the 28th. Owing to the destruction in part of the Red River bridge the Clarksville line west of Springfield was abandoned. On March 12 received orders from General Thomas to reopen the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad from Strawberry Plains to Bulls Gap, and put it in condition to sustain as heavy a business as was done upon the Chattanooga and Atlanta line last summer. I accordingly directed Mr. Latimer, division engineer, with the track force of the First Division and a carpenter force from the Fourth Division, to proceed at once to Strawberry Plains for that purpose. We commenced work at that point on the 14th. From thence to New Market the road was destroyed in patches for one mile and a half, including five cattle guards, two bridges of thirty feet span each, and tank at Friends Station. The road was repaired and opened to New Market the 18th. From New Market to Morristown the track wa Page 46 46 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. burnt in patches to the extent of one mile and a quarter. Twenty cattle guards, bridge at Mossy Creek (150 feet in length), and one at Morristown (24 feet span) were destroyed. At this point erected two tanks and extended side track for 1,500 feet. From Morristown to Rogersville Junction, or Bulls Gap, the track was destroyed to the extent of three-fourths of a mile. Three bridges of 24 feet span, one of 40 feet span, and one at Russellyille of 150 feet span were also destroyed. The line was opened to Bulls Gap on the 25th. Upon reaching that point I received further orders from General Thomas to open the road to Carters Station, on the Watauga River, twenty miles west of Bristol, which we reached on the 29th of April. From Bulls Gap to Greeneville the mechanical work on the road was very heavy, and all destroyed. Rebuilt a bridge of 100 feet span and re- newed 300 feet of trestle-work at Bulls Gap. From thence to Lick Creek the track was uninjured. The bridge and trestle-work at Lick Creek, 900 feet in length, Was burnt and the track totally destroyed for seven miles, extending to a point two miles east of Blue Spring. The extensive trestle-work at Swan Pond, two miles east of Lick Creek, 1,400 feet in length and from 9 to 17 in height, was likewise destroyed. I would here take occasion to express my acknowledgment of the valuable service rendered by Major-General Stanley, commanding Fourth Army Corps, who furnished all the transportation required and large details of men for cutting ties and wood, loading timber, & c. The laying of the track between Lick Creek and Blue Spring was much retarded by the incessant rains occurring at that time. East of Blue Spring we erected two water-tanks. Between this point and Greeneville we rebuilt three bridges across the Chucky of 140 feet, 100 feet, and 180 feet, respectively; the track was only destroyed to the extent of one-fourth of a mile. Between Greeneville and Carters Sta- tion, which we reached on the 29th of April, there were three bridges destroyed of 245 feet, 137 feet, and 235 feet in length, respectiyely. Having reached the point to which we were ordered to open the road, the men were set to work cutting timber and ties, surfacing track, & c., whilst awaiting further orders. During the progress of the work upon the main line another force of trackmen were employed at Knoxville in laying a side track 3,000 feet in length to the commis- sary building in course of erection on the old Charleston railroad. Another large force were engaged lengthening the sidings on the main line to facilitate tht~ passing of trains. The operations of the Fourth Division, of carpenters, and part of the Seventh Division, of trackmen, under charge of John F. Burgin, division engineer, were confined chiefly to the erection of buildings, though frequently employed upon bridges and repairs of track. The rolling-mill was completed and went into successful operation the latter part of March; a report of operations up to the 1st of June I herewith append. Report of iron manufactured at rolling-mill U. S. military railroads, at Chat- tanooga, Tenn.,to June 1, 1865. Articles. Received. Expended. Manufac- Issued. Balance. tured. Old iron pounds.. 2, 603, 968 2, 603, 986 New railroad iron pounds 2,264, 120 916, 026 1, 348, 294 Coal ..bush els.. 59, 092 42, 262 16,83 Page 47 UNION AUTHORITIES. 47 There has been a track graded west of the rolling-mill, and an extensive trestle and coal-bin erected. Fourteen small mess-houses have been built, and three large buildings, in course of erection at date of last report, finished. A large force of the Seventh Division have been constantly employed at the mill up to this date digging a well, unloading cars, & c. Another force of upward of 100 men of the Seventh Division have been employed upon repairs of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad up to this date. About eighty men have been constantly employed in the quarry near Chattanooga , getting ont stone for foundations, sewers, and ballast. The most of the founda- tions for the roundhouse are in, and the greater part of the lumber intended for it cut and delivered. A double track was graded from the main track outside the depot yard, running to the roundhouse, and from thence extended almost to the Crutchfield House, with the design ultimately of connecting with the tracks in the street. There has been erected also extensive barracks and officers quarters for the depot guard, and a large building for officers of the transportation department, and extensive mess-houses for their men. At Knoxville there has been erected one large office building, two large mess-houses, and a blacksmith shop of fifty by eighty feet. Also depot buildings at Charleston, Athens, and Sweet Water. We have had five saw- mills in operation, which have cut the last three months 1,200,000 feet of lumber, board measure, and 500,000 shingles, a large amount of which we have on hand. On the 6th of May I received your order directing the reduction of the Construction Corps to the lowest practicable limit. I at once suspended operations on the roundhouse and in the stone quarry, and ordered a suspension of the saw-mills, after cutting up the stock on hand. Froni the Fourth and Seventh Divisions and saw-mill department I have discharged 1,000 men since the receipt of your order, making the available force of the Construction Corps at the present time 1,200 men. A further reduction of the force was ar- rested by an order from General Thomas directing the relaying of the track between Dalton and Resaca and rebuilding of the bridge across the Oostenaula. Commencing the track at Dalton on the 10th of May, I sent forward part of the bridge force of the First Division to Resaca to rebuild the bridge, five spans of which had been de- stroyed. This they accomplished and laid one mile of track south of it by the time we reached there, the 24th of May. From thence to Kingston we rebuilt three bridges, two tanks, and repaired sidings at Calhoun and Adairsville; the rest of the track was in compara- tively good order. Reached Kingston on the 26th, and the following day turned the road over to the transportation department. Betweed Kingston and Etowah three more bridges and two tanks were de- stroyed. Time track was unimpaired. Reached the Etowah on the 29th, when I received further orders from General Thomas to open the line to Atlanta, at which all the force of the corps at the pres- ent time are employed. I omitted to state we had built an engine- house and a large reservoir adjoining the machine-shop at Chatta- nooga of a capacity of 80,000 gallons. The shops in the yard, as well as the locomotives, are now amply supplied with water from the works built by the U. S. Engineer Department. We have, in connection with their tubs omi Cameron Hill, erected a tank of a capacity of 50,000 gallons, ammd have laid about 5,000 feet of main pipe and 4,000 of branch to the commissary building, store and mess houses Page 48 48 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. In conclusion, I take pleasure in testifying to the efficient and valuable services of John F. Burgin and C. Latimer, division engi- neers, who have on all occasions manifested an untiring zeal in the prosecution of work committed to their charge. Summary of work done on the East Tennessee and Virginia Rail- road from March 15 to April 29, 1865: Ninety-four miles of track opened and repaired; 12 miles of track rebuilt; 4,400 linear feet of bridging; 20,000 cross-ties cut and delivered; 57,000 cubic feet of timber cut for bridging; 19 switches put in; 18 frogs put in; 5 water- tanks erected. Summary of work done on the Chattanooga and Atlanta line from May 10 to May 31. 1865: Eighteen miles of track relaid; 1,000 linear feet of bridging; 6 frogs and switches put in; 4 tanks erected. Ten miles of the above track were laid with burnt iron, which we straightened; five miles with the U-rail taken from the Nashville and Chattanooga line, and three miles with new iron. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. H. EICHOLTZ, Acting Chief Engineer, Government Railroads Military Division of the Mississippi. WAR DEPT., PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERALS BUREAU, Washington, D. C., June 1, 1866. Major-General SAXTON, Supt. Recruiting for Colored Troops, Beaufort, S. C.: The Secretary of War directs that all enlistment of colored troops be immediately discontinued throughout the United States. Acknowledge receipt of this order. JAMES B. FRY, Provost-Marshal- General. (Same to Major-General Palmer, Louisville, Ky.; Major-General Gillmore, Hilton Head, S. C.; Major-General Wilson, Macon, Ga.; Col. XV. H. Sidell, Louisville, Ky.; Capt. Leslie Smith, Hilton Head, S. C.) WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. C., June 2, 1865. RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE. Ordered, That any and all military restrictions upon trade in any of the States or Territories of the United States, except in articles contraband of war, shall cease from and after the present date. By order of the -President: EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 105. Washington, June 2, 1866. REDUCTION OF VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. Department commanders will at once reduce their batteries of vol- unteer light artillery to the number absolutely required nuder existin Page 49 UNION AUTHORITIES. 49 circumstances by the necessities of the service in their respective departments. The companies thus relieved will be sent to Washington, Louis- ville, or Cairo, as may be most convenient, for final payment and muster out. All artillery horses that may become surplus under the operation of this order will be sold in the department where they now are, and the guns of the companies that are to be discharged will be retained for the present within the department. The number of public animals retained in service, both for artillery and transportation purposes, will be reduced, as far as possible, throughout the country, and all surplus animals will be sold. By connuand of Lieutenant-General Grant: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 106. Washington, June 2, 1865. Department commanders will immediately, on the receipt of this order, relieve all general and staff officers whose services can be dis- pensed with withiii their respective commands, and order them to proceed without delay to their respective places of residence, and from there report by letter to the Adjutant-General of the Army. Department commanders will report the names of all officers relieved by them under this order to the Adjutant-General of the Army. By command of Lieutenant-General Grant: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 107. Washington, June 2, 1865. REMOVAL OF RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE. Ordered, That all military restrictions upon trade in any of the States o~r Territories of the United States, except in articles contra- band of warto wit, arms, ammunition, gray cloth, and all articles from which ammunition is manufactured; locomotives, cars, railroad iroii, and machinery for operating railroads; telegraph wires, insula- tors, and instruments for operating telegraphic lines.-shall cease from and after the present date. By order of the President of the United States: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. HARRISBURG June 2, 1865. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: I was under the impression when I left Washington that the troops would be paid up to the date of their discharge. The paymasters here 4 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 50 50 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. pay from the date of muster out. The One hundred and forty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers arrived here on the 30th ultimo and has not been paid. They were mustered out on the 28th and left Washington on the 29th. I learn it is proposed to pay them until and including the 27th. If it can at all be done, I wish much it could be. It would add so much to the satisfaction of the officers and men going out of service. I only arrived in the night, and have not learned the reason of the delay in the payment. There are now seven regiments here, and I fear that it will be some time before they will be paid off. A. G. CURTIN. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington City, June 2, 1865. His Excellency Governor A. G. CURTIN, Harrisburg, Pa.: The Paymaster-General reports that he has this day instructed his chiefs of districts that troops mustered out under General Orders, No. 94, are to be paid to the date they arrive at the designated State rendezvous, and that all mustered-out troops at all points are being paid as rapidly as possible. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 21. Washington, June 3, 1865. Before the account~ with commanding officers of organizations are settled, mustering officers should satisfy themselves that the rolls and returns, as required by Army Regulations for their organization, have been forwarded to this office. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. C., June 5, 1865. DISCHARGE OF VOLUNTEERS. The Adjutant-General will issue an order for the immedii~te dis- charge of First. All dismounted cavalry in every military department. Second. All cavalry force in General Dixs department. Third. All volunteer infantry in General Dixs department (except Veteran Reserves) whose services can in the judgment of the com- mander of the department be dispensed with. Fourth. All volunteer infantry in General Hookers department (except Veteran Reserves) whose services are in the opinion of the commander of the department no longer requir~J. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. CIRCULAR~ WARDEPT.,ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 23. ~ Washington, June 5, 1865. Volunteer soldiers entitled to discharge, and wishiilg to enlist in the Regular Army, under the terms of General Orders, No. 99, cur Page 51 UNION AUTHORITIES. 51 rent series, will be forthwith mustered out at their several commands, receive their discharges, and will not be sent to rendezvous under the provisions of General Orders, No. 94, current series, but on enlist- ment in the Regular Army will receive final payments under the requirements of paragraph 3, General Orders, No. 83, current series. The attention of commanding officers of regiments, batteries, and detached commands of the Regular Army is called to the immediate necessity of appointing recruiting officers for their several com- mands, in order to obtain the advantages of General Orders, No. 99, current series. In designating these officers, commanding officers will be governed by the requirements of paragraphs 986, 987, and 988, Revised Regulations for the Army, governing regimental recruit- ing service. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 110. Washington, June 7, 1865. The following order of the President of the United States (in rela- tion to the transfer of abandoned lands, funds, and property set apart for the use of freedmen) to the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: EXECUTIVE MANSION Washington, D. C., June ~, 1866. Whereas, by an act of Congress approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, there was established in the War Department a Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, and to which, in accordance with the said act of Congress, is committed the supervision and management of all abandoned lands, and the control of all subjects relating to refugees and freedmen from rebel States, or from any district of country within the territory embraced in the operations of the Army, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the head of the Bureau and approved by the President; and whereas, it appears that the management of abandoned lands and subjects relating to refugees and freedmen, as aforesaid, have been, and still are, by orders based on military exigencies, or legislation based on previous statutes, partly in the hands of mili- tary officers disconnected with said Bureau, and partly in charge of officers of the Treasury Department: It is therefore Ordered, That all officers of the Treasury Department, all military officers, and all others in the service of the United States, turn over to the authorized officers of said Bureau all abandoned lands and property contemplated in said act of Con- gress, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, establishing the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, that may now be under or within their control. They will also turn over to such officers all funds col- lected by tax or otherwise, for the benefit of refugees or freedmen, or accruing from abandoned lands, or property set apart for their use, and will transfer to them all official records connected with the administration of affairs which per- tain to said Bureau. ANDREW JOHNSON. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. Hon. E. M. STANTON, CHICAGO, June 8, 1865. Secretary of War: Pursuant to your orders I have given directions for the immediate discharge of all volunteer troops in the Northern Department excep Page 52 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. 52 the Eighty-eighth and One hnndred and twenty-eighth Ohio Volun- teers and the Veteran Reserve Corps. The Eighty-eighth is stationed at Camp Chase and the One hundred and twenty-eighth at Johnsons Island. The interest of the service requires that these regiments shall be retained a few weeks longer. JOSEPH HOOKER, ilifr(jor- General, Commanding. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 111. Washington, June 10, 1866. The annexed opinions of the Attorney-General relative to the amounts of bonnty payable to certain soldiers and the proper con- struction of section 4 of the Army appropriation act of March 3, 1865 (General Orders, No. 45, Adjutant-Generals Office, March 21, 1865), concerning the allowance of three months pay proper to certain volunteer officers continuing in the service to the close of the war, are published for the information and guidance of all con- cerned: ATTORNEY-GENERALS OFFICE, May G, 1865. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War: Sm: I have considered the several questions presented by the Paymaster- General and the Adjutant-General of the Army in their respective communica- tions of May 3 and May 4, instant, relative to the amounts of bounty payable to the soldiers of certain military organizations now being mustered out of service, and also the point suggested in those communications relative to the proper construction of the fourth section of the Army appropriation act of March 3,1865 (13 Stat., 497), concerning the allowance of extra pay (as it may be called) to certain volunteer officers continuing in the service to the close of the war. The first question is, whether veterans who re-enlisted and persons who enlisted in the regular or volunteer forces of the United States for three years or during the war, under the regulations and orders referred to in the communication of the Paymaster-General, issued by the Secretary of War, and by the Provost- Marshal-General with the approval of the Secretary, and who may be honorably mustered out the service by reason of the Government no longer requiring their services, before the expiration of their term of enlistment, are respectively entitled, on being so mustered out, to the unpaid balances of the bounties prom- ised to them by the orders under which they were enlisted. I am of opinion that they are so entitled, by the operation of the joint resolu- tions of Congress, approved respectively January 13, 1864, and March 3, 1864, which give the force and effect of law to the regulations and orders of the War Department just referred to, providing for the payment of bounties to the classes of soldiers above named. These regulations and orders, in terms, promise and declare that if the Government shall not require these troops for the full period of three years, and they shall be mustered honorably out of the service before the expiration of their term of enlistment, they shall receive, upon being mustered out, the whole amount of bounty remaining unpaid, the same as if the full term had been served. The second question relates to soldiers who entered the service pursuant to and under the provisions of the act of July 4, 1864, promulgated by your Department in General Orders, No. 224; and it is whether they are respectively entitled to receive, on being thus mustered out of the service before the expiration of their respe6tive terms of enlistment, the whole amounts of bounty to which they would have been entitled if they had continued in the service throughout their respective periods of enlistment, or only those proportions or installments of the several bounties which may have actually accrued to them at the dates of their respective discharges. I am of opinion that a volunteer accepted and mustered into the service under the statute of July 4, 1864, whether for a term of one year, or of two years, or of three years, if he is mustered out of the service, for the reason mentioned, before the expiration of the term of service for which he enlisted, is entitled to receive only the proportion of the bounty allowed him by the statute, whether one-thir Page 53 UNION AUTHORITIES. 53 or two-thirds thereof, which had actually accrued before the date of his discharge. If, for instance, he volunteered for two years, and is mustered out before the expiration of the first year of his service, he cannot claim either the second or the third installment of the bounty of $200 which would have been payable to him had he continued in the service till the expiration of the two years for which he enlisted. The volunteer only who, at the time of his discharge, has completed one half of the term of service for which he enlisted, is entitled to the second installment of one-third of the amount of bounty given to him by the act; and he is entitled to no more of that bounty. If he is discharged on the next day after the expiration of one-half of his term of enlistment, the second installment of the bounty is due and payable to him. The Government cannot reclaim it if it has been paid, nor withhold it if it remain unpaid. But the discharge pre- cludes him from receiving the third installment; that only is due to a volunteer who may have served through the whole term for which he enlisted. I confess that there is some obscurity in the act, and that there is a little difficulty in deter- mining its meaning. But, on the whole, I am of opinion that the Paymaster- General has arrived at the true construction of the statute. The third question is, whether commissioned officers of volunteers below the rank of brigadier-general, whom the Government may now muster out of service because their services are no longer required, are entitled respectively to receive, on their leaving the service, three months pay proper, under the provisions of the fourth section of the act of March, 1865. The right of these officers to receive that allowance depends upon the deter- mination of the point whether they have continued in the service to the close of the war within the meaning of the statute of 1865. I am of opinion if such an officer continue in the Army till he is honorably mustered out, because his military services are no longer needed, and till the Government thus declares that it no longer requires him to perform any duty on its behalf under his commission, that he is within the provision of the statute, and in its contemplation he has continued in the military service to the close of the war. The war, so far as he is concerned in his capacity as an officer, has closed. He has performed his dutyhis entire dutyto the Government and the cause for which he drew his sword. When his country, by its appropriate organ, commands him to return his sword to the scabbard, and retires him honorably from its service, I know not how we can, with respect to that officer, say that the war has not closed. I am of opinion that an officer of the class named in the statute now, and thus mus- tered out of service, is entitled to receive three months pay proper. I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES SPEED, Attorney-General. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, June 10, 1866. COMMANDING GENERALS OF DEPARTMENTS AND ARMIES: Under General Orders, No. 101, May 30, current year, from this office, soldiers honorably mustered out, who desire to do so, are authorized to retain their arms and accouterments on paying therefor their value. To this end soldiers who desire to take advantage of the said order must signify their intention before leaving the field, so that the prices may be entered on their muster-out rolls. The prices fixed by the Ordnance Department are as follows: Muskets, all kinds, with or without accouterments, $6; Spencer car- bines, $10; all other carbines, $8; sabers and swords, with or without belts, $3* Please promulgate this order for the guidance of commissaries of musters and all others concerned. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. * Also announced in Circular No. 24, Adjutant-Generals Office, June 10, 1865 Page 54 54 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, June 13, 1865. GOVERNOR OF MAINE: Under instructions of the Secretary of War, chief mustering officers have been ordered to turn over to Your Excellency the colors in their charge, nuder paragraph V of General Orders, No. 94, current series, at such time as you may designate. Please to communicate your wishes to the said officers. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. (Same to Governors of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Illi- nois, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Kansas.) GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 113. Washington, June 15, 1865. ORDER IN RELATION TO SALE OF UNSERVICEABLE QUARTERMASTERS PROPERTY. I. Chief quartermasters of military departments, the chief of the inspection division, and the regularly assigned inspectors of the Quartermasters Department will immediately cause to be made and forwarded to the Quartermaster-General invoices of such articles of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and quartermasters stores as, on personal inspection, they may find unserviceable or worthless to the Government; and also of such articles as it would be more eco- nomical to the Government to sell than to ship to other points. The latter invoices will be separate from the former. The sale of the property embraced in these invoices having been approved by the Quartermaster-General, they will be submitted to the Secretary of War for his orders. All proceedings subsequent to any order of sale that may be given will be conducted according to the Regulations, by due advertisement, & c. II. No sale of public buildings, barracks, quarters, stables, & c., will be made except on an order of the Quartermaster-General, approved by the Secretary of War, indorsed upon a report to be made in each case in the usual form. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 114. Washington, June 15, 1865. Soldiers honorably discharged will be permitted to retain, without charge, their knapsacks, haversacks, and canteens. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 55 UNION AUTHORITIES. 55 GENERAL ORDERS, ~ WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 115. Washington, June 15, 1865. The payment of all U. S. bounties to men enlisting in the military service will cease from and after Jnly 1, 1865. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 25. Washington, June 15, 1865. Officers or enlisted men who may hereafter be commissioned (under first appointments) by the Governors of States to regiments or com- panies of volunteers serving in Texas will be furnished with free transportation on Government transports to the respective stations of their regiments or companies. Existing regulations are amended accordingly. The presentation of a Governor~ s commission will be sufficient to secure a transportation order from the proper officer of the Quarter- masters Department. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. HDQRS. STATE OF ARKANSAS, ADJT. GEN.S OFFICE, Little Rock, June 15, 1865. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I am requested by his Excellency the Governor of the State to ask that the citizens of Arkansas now serving in the regiments of other States be mustered out of the service. There is a large class of this class of soldiers on duty in the Department of Arkansas and elsewhere in regiments from Missouri and Kansas, and somewhat from Iowa and Illinois. Many of their families are in the State in the most destitute condition, while others are refugees and equally requir- ing their assistance. It is also a matter of very great importance in the maintenance of law and order, and the restoratiomi of peace and quiet throughout the State, that they should be permitted to return to their homes at the earliest possible moment to secure that pre- ponderance of tried loyal sentiment so necessary in the present emergency. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. W. BISHOP, Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 116. Washington, June 17, 1865. Enlisted men of the Veteran Reserve Corps who, if they had remained in the volunteer regiments from which they were trans- ferred to the Veteran Reserves, would, under existing orders, now be entitled to muster out of service, will be so discharged, provided that no maim shall be mustered out who desires to serve his full term. By order of the Secretary of War: ~. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 56 56 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANTGENERALS OFFICE, No. 26. f Washington, June 17, 1865. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT AND DISCHARGE OF CERTAIN VOLUNTEER TROOPS. White troops (except Veteran Reserve Corps) whose terms expire prior to October 1, 1865; artillery in the Armies of the Potomac (includ- ing Ninth Corps), Tennessee, and Georgia; dismounted cavalry in all armies and departments; all cavalry in the Department of the East, and certain infantry in the Northern Department and Department of the East. TELEGRAM.] WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERAL~S OFFICE, Washington, May 17, 1865. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac: The Secretary of War directs that all volunteer organizations of white troops in your command whose terms Qf service expire between this date and September 30 next, inclusive, be immediately mustered out of service. The musters out will be made with existing regimental and company organiza- tions, and under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, of the 15th instant, from this office. All men in the aforesaid organizations whose terms of service expire subsequent to October 1, 1865, will be transferred to other organizations from the same State; to veteran regiments when practicable, and when not practicable to regiments having the longest time to serve. It is proper to add that this order will discharge as follows: First. The three-years regiments that were mustered into service under the call of July 2, 1862, and prior to October 1 of that year. Second. Three-years recruits mustered into service for old regiments between the same dates. Third. One-years men for new and old organizations, who entered the service between May 17 and October 1, 1864. Please acknowledge receipt of this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. NoTE.Orders and instructions, as in the foregoing, were applied to the Army of the Tennessee and Army of Georgia, under the command of Major-General Sherman, June 18, 1865. TELEGRAM.] WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERAL~ OFFICE, Washington, May 18, 1865. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac: In connection with the telegram order of yesterday, relative to the discharge of troops whose terms expire prior to October 1, and referring to paragraph IV, Gen- eral Orders, No. 94, current series, I am directed to say that it is of importance that the muster-out rolls should be ready in the shortest time possible. Extra clerks should be detailed to assist the commissaries of musters and their assistants. In the absence of rooms for use as offices, hospital and wall tents should be provided for the use of mustering officers in making out the necessary papers. All other proper facilities at command should also be afforded. The attention of corps, division, and brigade commanders should be particularly directed to what is required of them under paragraph IV, General Orders, No.94. Assistant inspectors-general should be directed to frequently visit regiments and companies, to see in person if the data for the rolls and other papers are promptly and accurately furnished by regimental and company officers, confer- ring with the commissaries of musters and their assistants with the view of cor- recting at once any delinquencies they may find to exist. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. NoTE.The foregoing instructions were applied to the Army of the Tennessee and Army of Georgia, May 18, 1865, and to other armies and departments. except Department of the East, Northern Department, Departments of the Pacific and New Mexico, June 2, 1865 Page 57 UNION AUTHORITIES. 57 WAR DEPARTMENT. ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, May 19, 1865. TELEGRAM TO COMMANDING GENERALS OF ALL ARMIES AND DEPARTMENTS, EXCEPT ARMIES OF THE POTOMAC, TENNESSEE, AND GEORGIA, AND DEPARTMENTS OF THE EAST, PACIFIC, NEW MEXICO, AND NORTHERN DEPARTMENT. The Secretary of War directs that all volunteer organizations of white troops in your command whose terms of service expire between this date and September 30 next, inclusive, be immediately mustered out of service. The musters out will be made with existing regimental and company organiza- tions, and under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, of the 15th instant, from this office. All men in the aforesaid organizations whose terms of service expire subsequent to October 1 will be transferred to other organizations from the same State; to. veteran regiments when practicable, and when not practicable to regiments hav- ing the longest time to serve. It is proper to add that this order will discharge as follows: First. The three-years regiments that were mustered into service under the call of July 2, 1862, and prior to October 1 of that year. Second. Three-years recruits mustered into service for old regiments between the same dates. Third. One-years men for new and old organizations who entered the service prior to October 1. 1864. Should your command be reduced prejudicially to the service by this order, you are authorized to suspend it in whole or in part, promptly notifying the Adjutant- General of the Army, with a view to receiving further instructions. Please acknowledge receipt of this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. TELEGRAM.] WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE Washington, May 29, 1865. Gommanding Army of the Potomac. Maj. Gen. JOHN G. PARKE, Commanding Ninth Army Corps: CIRCULAR TO COMMANDING GENERALS ARMIES OF GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE, THROUGH HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI. The Secretary of War directs that all the volunteer artillery of your command (army) be immediately mustered out and discharged. For this arm of the service General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office, is so modified as to allow said troops to be sent to their respective States, there to be mustered out under the direction of the chief mustering officer of the State. Prior to their departure all public property will be turned over to the proper officers of the supply departments concerned for the command with which they may be serving. The troops should be placed en route with the least practicable delay, and for- warded to the respective rendezvous in their States at or nearest which they were mustered in. Please acknowledge receipt of this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, June 5, 1865. TELEGRAM TO COMMANDING GENERALS OF ALL ARMIES AND DEPARTMENTS, EXCEPT- ING DEPARTMENTS OF THE EAST AND THE NORTHERN. The Secretary of War directs that all dismounted volunteer cavalry of your command be immediately discharged the service. The musters out will be made by commissaries of musters and their assistants, and the troops afterward forwarded to their respective States for payment. The general principles of General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office, will be applied in executing this order Page 58 58 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Please acknowledge receipt of this by telegram and report the number of men to be discharged. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. MEMORANDA. 1. See General Orders, No. 105, of June 2, for the discharge of cer- tain batteries of artillery. 2. Telegram from this office of June 5, 1865, to Major-General Dix, commanding Department of the East, directed all volunteer cavalry in that department to be discharged; organizations to be sent to their respective States for muster out under the direction of the chief mustering officers thereof. 3. Telegram from this office of June 5, 1865, to Major-General Dix, commanding Department of the East, and Major-General Hooker, commanding Northern Department, directed all volunteer infantry (except Veteran Reserve Corps) in said departments whose services were no longer required to be discharged; organizations to be sent to their respective States for muster out under the direction of the chief mustering officers thereof. 4. Telegram from this office of June 16, 1865, to Major-General McDowell, commanding Department of the Pacific, directed all vol- unteer troops in that department whose terms expire prior to October 1, 1865, to be immediately discharged. Should the order reduce the command prejudicially to the service, authority was given to suspend it, in whole or in part, until the receipt of further orders through the Adjutant-General of the Army. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CONFIDENTIAL CIRCULAR.] WASHINGTON, June 22, 1865. All department commanders commanding in States where martial law prevails will immediately put detectives upon the watch for gambling-houses, especially faro banks, and at the appropriate time make a descent upon them all simultaneously, arresting all disburs- ing officers of the Government who may be found gambling in them, or visitants therein at the time, and who it can be proven had pre- viously gambled at such places. The gambling institutions will be completely broken up and their money and stock confiscated, and the owners or proprietors of such gambling institutions be made to disgorge and refund all money they have won from U. S. disbursing officers. The officer so taken will be imprisoned and tried immedi- ately. The same proceedings will be taken by department command- ers in the North within their respective commands in the cities where disbursing officers may be located, except that instead of confiscating the money and stock of the gambling establishments, or compelling by military action the owners and proprietors of the same to disgorge or refund any moneys they may have won from disbursing officers of the Government, they will be immediately reported to the civil author- ities for their action. This will be kept strictly confidential, except so far as it may be necessary to communicate it to those who are to carry it into execution. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. (Sent to all military division and department commanders in cipher. Page 59 UNION AUTHORITIES. 59 MEMORANDUM.] WAR DEPT., PAYMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., June 22, 1865. All veteran volunteers in batteries of volunteer artillery mustered out as organizations from Armies of Potomac, Tennessee, and Georgia, under recent orders, are mustered out on account of their services being no longer required, and are entitled to balance of veteran bounty. Heavy artillery follows the general rule, not that for field artillery. SPECIAL ORDERS, HDQRS. OF THE ARMY, ADJT. GEN.S OFFICE, No. 328. Washington, June 23, 1865. * * * * * * * 5. Bvt. Maj. Gen. J. D. Webster, U. S. Volunteers, is hereby tem- porarily detached from the staff of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, and will proceed without delay on a tour of inspection of the railroads of the Southern States, reporting upon their present condition and their ability to transport the U. S. mails. In his report he will consider all the subjects mentioned in the let- ter of instructions which will be given him, and such other matters pertaining to the Southern railroads as in his investigations may sug- gest themselves. General Webster is authorized to employ and take with him an experienced railroad man. Upon the execution of this order General Webster will report to Major-General Sherman for duty. By command of Lieutenant-General Grant: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, June 23, 1865. Maj. Gen. G. M. DODGE, Saint Louis, Mo.: The Secretary of War directs that all troops belonging to the Mis- souri State Militia, authorized by General Orders, No. 96, of 1861, and yet remaining in service, be immediately discharged. The musters out will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, June 25, 1865. CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS UNITED STATES: On the 22d instant the following additional reductions of the effective volunteer infantry forces present were ordered, viz: Army of the Potomac, 18,000 men; Army of the TenLessee, 15,000 men; Middle Military Division, 7,000. The reductions will be made by the muster out of entire organizations of veteran regiments having the shortest time to serve, including all recruits and additions to sai Page 60 60 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. regiments from other sources; also all absentees. The total reduction will be about 70,000. General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office, will govern the musters oat and payments. Please furnish the Governor with a copy of this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assi3tant Adjutant- General. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 27. Washington, June 26, 1865. The necessity for the services of the invalid companies of the Reg- ular Army, authorized by paragraph 5 of General Orders, No. 245, of 1863, having ceased, the organizations will be discontinued. Com- manding officers of depots will at once cause a careful medical exam- ination to be made of the enlisted men composing them. All men who are not now, or who are not likely to become iii a reasonable time, capable of performing field duty will at once be discharged on the usual medical certificates. The remainder will be forwarded to their companies as rapidly as their condition will permit. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, June 26, 1865. TELEGRAM TO DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. Please cause an immediate investigation as to the expiration of service of all men on detached duty, in confinement, & c., within your department, that all entitled to discharge may be forwarded to the chief mustering officer of their respective States for muster out, or to be otherwise disposed of, as required by existing orders. Appli- cations from the friends of this class of persons for their discharge are being constantly received at this Department. SAMUEL BRECK, Assistant Adjutant- General. WASHINGTON, June 28, 1865. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: I understand there is a great delay in carrying out orders for the mus- ter out of troops in hospitals throughout the North arising principally from neglect of officers forwarding with sick men their descriptive rolls. In many instances the organizations to which sick men belong have been mustered out, leaving no way to get at their descriptive rolls further than their record is kept in the Adjutant-Generals Office. I would recommend that a circular be sent to all hospitals directing promptness in carrying out existing orders so far as they apply to men supplied with the requisite papers to enable them to do so, and report to the Adjutant-General the name, regiment, & c., of all men who should be mustered out but are not supplied with descriptive rolls. U. S. GRANT, Lie ate nanf- General Page 61 UNION AUTHORITIES. 61 CIRCULAR f WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 28. ~ Washington, June 28, 1865. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF VOL- UNTEER TROOPS. Certain Veteran regiments in the Armies of the Potomac, Tennessee, and Middle Military Division, and certain infantry, caValry, and artillery in various armies and departments. I. Veteran regiments. TELEGRAM.] WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, June 22, 1865. COMMANDING GENERAL ARMY OF THE POTOMAC: Tlie Secretary of War directs that the effective infantry force present of the Army of the Potomac be rednced by the discharge of 18,000 men. The musters out will be by entire organizations of veteran regiments, to be selected from those having the shortest time to serve, including all recruits and additions thereto from other sources; also, absentees belonging to them. The absentees to be an additional reduction of the effective force. The musters out and discharges will be made under the regulations promul- gated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office. Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments you may select under this order, giving therein for each the strength, present and absent, respectively. Acknowledge the receipt of this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. NoTE.Similar orders sent June 22 to the commanding general Army of the Tennessee for the discharge of 15,000 men from that army, and to the command- ing general Middle Military Division for the discharge of 7,000 from that division. II. Regiments of cavalry, artillery, and infantry (whose services are 110 longer required) ordered mustered out of service under special instructions, of dates set opposite the organizations respectively. Connecticut.First Battery, May 29, 1865. Iliinois.Eighty-second Infantry, June 12, 1865. Indiana.One hundred and first Infantry, June 12, 1865; Ninety- first Infantry, June 15, 1865. ]lfaine.Three unassigned companies infantry, June 16, 1865; three companies Coast Guard, June 16, 1865. ]ktaryland.First Potomac Home Brigade Infantry, May 29, 1865; Second Potomac Home Brigade Infantry, May 29, 1865; Third Poto- mac Home Brigade Infantry, May 29, 1865; First Potomac Home Brigade Cavalry, June 23, 1865. ]Iiliassachusetts.First Cavalry, June 17, 1865. ]Ifwhigan.Twenty-sixth Infantry, June 2, 1865. ]Iil4ssourm.Forty-eighth Infantry, June 13, 1865; Missouri State Militia (abont 2,200, authorized under General Orders, No. 96, Adjutant-Generals Office, 1861), June 23, 1865. New Jersey.Thirty-ninth Infantry, June 5, 1865. New York.One hundred and fiftieth Infantry, May 29, 1865; Batteries A, K, and F, First Artillery, June 5, 1865; First Engineers, June 5, 1865; Fifteenth Engineers, June 5, 1865; Fiftieth Engineers, June 5, 1865; Second Cavalry (Harris Light), June 17, 1865; Eighth Cavalry, June 17, 1865; Nineteenth Cavalry (First Dragoons), June 17, 1865; First Cavalry (Lincoln), June 18, 1865; Twenty-fifth Cav- alry, June 20, 1865; One hundred and fifty-first Infantry (battalion), June 22, 1865 Page 62 62 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Ohio.One hundred and tenth Infantry, June 16, 1865; One hun- dred and eighteenth Infantry, June 16, 1865; One hundred and twenty-second Infantry, June 16, 1865; One hundred and twenty- sixth Infantry, June 16, 1865; First Heavy Artillery, June 25, 1865. Pennsylvania.One hundred and fiftieth Infantry, June 10, 1865; Two hundred and first Infantry, June 15, 1865; Independent Battery G, June 7, 1865. Tennessee.Eighth Infantry, June 22, 1865. West Virginia.First Cavalry, June 17, 1865; Second Cavalry, June 17, 1865; Third Cavalry, June 17, 1865; Sixth Infantry, May 13, 1865; Company A, First Virginia (exempts) Infantry, May 8, 1865; Fourteenth Infantry, June 23, 1865; Seventeenth Infantry, June 23, 1865. U. S. Volunteers.First Infantry, June 2, 1865; Second Infantry, June 2, 1865; Third Infantry, June 2, 1865; Fourth Infantry, June 2, 1865; Fifth Infantry, June 2, 1865; Sixth Infantry, June 2, 1865. MEMORANDA.JUne 23, 1865.The order of June 5 relative to dismounted volunteer cavalry (see Circular No. 26, current series) was revoked for the Middle Military Division and Major-General Sheridans command, and instead it was ordered: That a limited number of cavalry regiments having the shortest time to serve be dismounted and mustered out by entire organizations (under General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office), and the horses thus obtained taken to mount the dismounted cavalrymen of regiments having the longest terms to serve. The number of regiments to be dismounted to be determined by the number of dismounted men of the long-termed organizations. A like revocation was also ordered for other armies and depart- ments, provided the said order of June 5 had not been executed. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 119. Washington, June 29, 1865. PENALTIES FOR NEGLECT OF DUTY AND DISOBEDIENCE OF ORDERS ON THE PART OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF TROOPS ABOUT TO BE DISCHARGED THE SERVICE. In many instances delays have resulted in paying mustered-out troops in consequence of regimental and company officers allowing their men to disband, in violation of orders, prior to their commands being reported for payment and final discharge to the chief muster- ing officer or his assistant, after arrival at the designated State ren- dezvous. In other cases there has been delay from company and regimental officers neglecting to furnish full data relative to the enlisted men, thus rendering the muster-out rolls imperfect and neces- sitating corrections. With the arrangements of the War Department, as now completed, there need be no delay, and consequently no hardship or inconven- ience to the enlisted men, if full data for the rolls be furnished in the field, and if, after arrival in their respective States, as well as during transit thereto, commissioned officers look closely after the comfort and interests of their men and remain constantly with them, so as to enforce orders and control them Page 63 UNION AUTHORITIES. 63 It is therefore ordered that chief mustering officers and their assist- ants report by telegram the names of all neglectful officers, with the charges against them, to the Adjutant-General of the Army (with- holding in the meantime their final payments and honorable dis- charges), with a view to their summary and dishonorable dismissal from the service with forfeiture of all pay. The report by telegraph will be sent promptly upon cases of neglect being brought to uotice, and at the same time the facts in full will be reported by mail. Governors of States are requested to report delinquencies coming to their notice to the chief mustering officer of the State and to the Adjutant-General of the Army, so that a prompt remedy may be applied. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. OFFICE ENGINEER AND SUPT. MILITARY RAILROADS, DEPARTMENTS OF THE TENNESSEE AND ARKANSAS, Jiliemphis, Tenn., June 30, 1865. Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. C. MCCALLUM, Director and General Manager Military Railroads United States, Washington, D. U.: GENERAL: I herewith submit a report of the operations of the mili- tary railroads under my charge for the year ending June 30, 1565: At the close of the last fiscal year the Memphis and Charleston Rail- road was in operation from Memphis to Grand Junction, fifty-two miles. On the 2d of August following we ran through to Holly Springs, on the Mississippi Central road, twenty-five miles south of Grand Junction. On August 6 we ran to Waterford and Tallahatchie River, 100 miles from Memphis. We moved Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith and command to that point. We continued to run to that point until the 18th day of August, when we abandoned the Mississippi Central road. On the 22d day of August an order was received to open it again. We did so in two days, but there being no guards upon the road the bridges were destroyed, and we did not run the road after the 23d of August. On the 29th day of August I received an order to evacuate the Memphis and Charleston road, and on the 6th day of September we ran to Whites Station, ten miles from Memphis, to the headquarters of the cavalry division. The road was kept open that distance until the middle of October, when we abandoned the road altogether and did not open it again until the 20th of December. We repaired the road to Collierville, twenty-four miles, and kept it open until the 1st day of January, 1865, when we again evacuated. Between the open- ing and closing of the road at different times the bridge force was getting out timber, ties, & c., and framing bridges preparatory to another move. I received another order on the 28th day of February to open the road again. We repaired it a distance of fifteen miles, took out forage and supplies for an expedition, and evacuated on the 4th of March. Remained to close up until the 20th of March, when an order was received to again open the road. Found the road badly damaged. We had it opened to Collierville, twenty-four miles, on the 24th of March; to La Fayette, thirty-one miles~ on the 2d of April. W Page 64 64 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. found heavy work to be done between La Fayette and Moscow. Heavy rains at this time, and water so high that no work could be done for several days. Road open to Moscow, thirty-nine miles, on the 13th day of May; to La Grange, forty-nine miles, on the 14th day of May; to Grand Junction, fifty-two, on the 20th day of May. Regu- lar trains run to Grand Junction only until the 1st day of July, when road was opened to Pocahontas, seventy-five miles distance from Memphis, to which point we are now running regularly. The opening and closing of the line was so frequent that we could do hardly any- thing else. Each time the road was badly damaged, everything in the way of bridges, trestles, cattle guards, & c., being destroyed, together with several miles of track burned or thrown from the road bed. The uncertainty of what use we might have for the road, or when we would be called upon to repair it, caused me to keep con- siderable of a force ready at all times that could not all the time be advantageously employed. The machine-shops have been running throughout the year. Since the 1st of July, 1864, we have rebuilt five locomotives, three of which had hardly any machinery on them, nothing but the frames and boilers and part of the cylinders; no trucks or driving wheels, and nothing but the iron for the tanks. I sent to the Rogers Works, Norris & Sons, and to Lancaster, Pa., for the duplicate machinery. They are now first-class locomotives. We also gave a general overhauling and repairing to four others, which are now in fine order and running. We have thirteen altogether in running order, eleven of which are No. 1, one of the remaining two needing heavy repairs, the other light repairs. Three more in the shops being rebuilt, one of which will be out about the 1st of August; the other two, perhaps, one month later. We have built ten new box- cars and four hand-cars. A large majority of the cars on this road were in bad order and have all been repaired. The Mobile and Ohio Railroad from Columbus, Ky., has not been in operation during the year until May 15, 1865, when the road was opened to Union City, twenty-six miles. A small force was retained during the year and one large trestle near Columbus repaired. Cars and engines were repaired. Some bridge timber and a few cross-ties were provided. I can get no data of the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad prior to the date that I took charge, May 1, 1865. Work has been done on this road at a great disadvantage owing to the want of proper facilities for keeping road and stock in repair. No machine- shops, engine-houses, or other buildings until recently. I have finished one engine-house with ten stalls and machine-shop attached, a carpenters shop for repairs of cars, & c., and several other small buildings used for storing, offices, & c. They were partly finished when I took charge, and most of the material was on hand for finish- ing. Heavy work was necessary on road bed and track to make it safe. It is now in good order. Sickness prevails there to a large extent, rendering it imperative to keep a much larger number of employ~s than would otherwise be necessary in order to have well ones enough to operate the road. At times fully one-half of our force are unable for duty. Very respectfully, yours, & c., A. F. GOODHUE, Engineer and Superintendent Military Railroads, Departments Tennessee and Arkansas Page 65 UNION AUTHORITWs. 65 Hon. E. M. STANTON, WASHINGTON, July 1, 1865. Secretary of War: From present indications I think it perfectly safe to muster out of service the remaining veteran regiments of the Army of the Potomac and of the Army of the Tennessee. I would therefore respectfully recommend that orders be issued for such muster out. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 121. Washington, July 1, 1865. The assignment of medical officers as medical directors, assistant medical directors, and acting medical inspectors of armies, army corps, and divisions is discontinued. Medical directors will be assigned to the headquarters of military geographical departments only, and by the order of the Secretary of War. Owing to the reduction of the Army, the act ?~ Congress approved February 25, 1865, becomes inoperative, and no increase of rank, pay, or emoluments pertains to such assignment. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE No. 30. Washington, July 1, 1865. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF VOL- UNTEER WHITE TROOPS. Surplus troopsinfantry, cavalry, and artilleryin all departments and armies, exclusive of the Department of the Gulf, Army of the Tennessee, Provisional Corps Army of the Potomac, First Army Corps, and command in Texas. I. Surplus troops. TELEGRAM AND WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, CIRCULAR. Washington, June 30, 18G5. The Secretary of War directs that the strength of your Command be imme- diately reduced, for all arms, to the minimum necessary to meet the requirements of the service, and all surplus troops mustered out. The musters out will be by entire organizations, including all additions thereto by recruits and from other sources. In selecting the organizations for discharge, preference will be given to veteran regiments having the shortest time to serve. The musters out and discharges, except for artillery, will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office. Troops of the artillery arm will be forwarded to the designated State rendezvous in the respective States (see Circular No. 19, current series, from this office), there to be mustered out under the direction of the chief mustering officer for the State. Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments, batteries, and independent companies you may select for discharge under this order, giving therein, for each, the strength, present and absent, respectively. 5 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 66 66 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. So soon as the list is completed, inform me by telegram of the number present and absent for the respective States. Acknowledge receipt of this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. (To commanding generals of all armies and departments, except the Depart- ment of the Gulf, Army of the Tennessee, Provisional Corps Army of the Potomac, First Army Corps, and troops in Texas.) NoTE.For the Departments of the East, Pennsylvania, Northwest, New Mexico, Pacific, and Northern Department, the foregoing stands modified so as to send all the organizations selected for discharge to their respective States, there to be mustered out under the direction of the chief mustering officer for the State. II. Regiments of cavalry and infantry (whose services are no longer needed) ordered mustered out of service under special instructions of dates set opposite the organizations, respectively. Minnesota.Eighth Infantry, June 30, 1865. New Ilampshire.First Cavalry, July 1, 1865. New York. First Provisional Cavalry, July 1, 1865; Ninth Cav- airy, July 1, 1865. Pennsylvania.Two hundred and fifteenth Infantry, June 30, 1865; First Provisional Cavalry, July 1, 1865. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. OFFICE CHIEF ENGINEER AND GENERAL SUPT. MILITARY RAILROADS OF VIRGINIA, Alexandria, Va., July 1, 1865. Brig. Gen. D. C. MCCALLUM, Director and General Manager Military Railroads United States, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: I have the honor to submit a report of operations in the U. S. Military Railroad service, Department of Virginia, from July 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865. My superintendency of this department did not commence until November 11, but to render this a complete record of main events, I commence with the fiscal year, July 1, 1864. Dur- ing the year the following roads have been operated in this depart- ment: Washington and Alexandria; Orange and Alexandria and Manassas Gap; Alexandria, Loudoun, and Hampshire; City Point and Army Line and South Side; Petersburg and Richmond and Clover Hill Branch; Norfolk and Petersburg; Seaboard and Roanoke; Rich- mond and Danville; Winchester and Potomac. Accompanying this report you will find sundry tabular statements, as follows: Table No. 1 gives a statement of the number of railroads with their length and the number of miles in use from July 1 to June 30. Table No. 2 shows number of persons employed each month during the year (classified). Table No. 3 shows distribution of labor and material during the year. Table No. 4 is a list of locomotive engines with cost of maintenance and repairs; also shows the number of miles run, and cost per hun- dred miles of each engine. Table No. S shows the number of cars hauled, miles run, and tonnage. Table No. 6 shows number of passengers carried Page 67 UNION AUTHORITIES. 67 Table No. 7 shows receipts for passage and freight Table No. 8 shows amount of material received and nsed. Table No. 9 gives estimated value of property on military railroads of Virginia June 30, 1865. Table ~Th. 10 shows gradients, alignments, elevations, & c. Table No. 11 shows number of miles of track laid during the year. Table No. 12 shows nnmber of feet of trestle-work built during the year. I will proceed to give a detailed account of my operations on each road separately, and propose to commence with the WASHINGTON AND ALEXANDRIA RAILROAD. The track on this important 3onnection is in the best possible con- dition, it having been ballasted with gravel its entire length. We experienced great difficulty in keeping the old Long Bridge secure for the passage of traius. August 22 the draw south end of bridge was nearly destroyed by a tug with schooner in tow running into it. The damage was immediately repaired, and navigation was interrupted for only a few days. Febrnary 18 engine Minot, drawing wood train to Washington, broke through south span of bridge, the entire span being wrecked. The length of time necessary to repair the old bridge, and time importance of having railroad communication between Wash- ington and Alexandria kept open (in accordance with your order Feb- ruary 19), the new Long Bridge was taken possession of and track laid on it. We commenced running regular trains over it February 21. Since that date we have experienced no difficulty in operating the road. An average of three passenger trains each way have been run over this road, in addition to the large number of freight trains run for the movement of troops, hauling wood for Quartermasters Department, & c. (Please find accompanying this report a detailed statement of operations on this road, giving nnmber of trains, stores carried, & c.) ORANGE AND ALEXANDRIA AND MANASSAS GAP RAILROADS. From June 30 to September 27 the Orange and Alexandria Railroad was very little nsed. Occasionally trains would be run to Edsall and Springfield Stations for the purpose of procuring fuel and supplying detachments of troops stationed at points along the line. An order was received from you July 17 for the construction at car shops in Alexandria of 100 flat-cars (5-feet gauge) for the use of military rail- roads in the Division of the Mississippi; work was immediately com- menced on them, under the supervision of Mr. B. P. Lamason, master car-builder, and pushed forward with all vigor. Some delay occurred in procuring car wheels, axles, and other iron-work, but by the 1st of November fifty-six cars had been built. The whole num- ber, 100, not being required for the military railroads in the Division of the Mississippi, the remaining forty-four were completed for use of the Virginia department. In compliance with an order received from you July 10, a force of conductors, brakemen, engineers, and firemen were sent from Alexandria for temporary service on the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. This arrangement was made necessary by the employSs of that road striking for higher wages, thereby stopping the running of the trains and delaying the ship- ment of coal for Government use. The regular enip1oy~s soon cam Page 68 CO14~ESPONDENCE, ETC. to terms aiid commenced work, aud our whole party returned to this place July 21. Orders were received from you September 28 to repair and put in running order the road from Alexandria to Rappa- hannock River, a distance of fifty miles. A construction force was immediately dispatched supplied with all necessary material. All the bridges on the road were destroyed, with the exception of those across Cedar and Kettle Runs, which were badly damaged. By the evening of October 2 the track was repaired; bridges, water stations, & c., rebuilt, and the road in complete running order to Rappahannock River. At 8 p. m. October 2 a telegram was received from Major- General Halleck ordering us to cease work on Orange and Alexan- dria Railroad south of Manassas and repair railroad to Piedmont and Front Royal, on the Manassas Gap Railroad. In obedience, all men and material at Rappahannock were loaded and sent to Manas- sas Junction. The repairs were commenced from that point October 3. The bridges were all destroyed; the track as far as Piedmont had not been disturbed to any great extent, but the cross-ties were badly decayed and all needed replacing. Beyond Piedmont the bridges were all destroyed, track torn up, and iron removed. Working par- ties and troops guarding them were very much annoyed by the oper- ations of guerrillas; trains were fired into, and, in several instances, thrown from the track. On the 10th of October a train drawn by two engines was thrown from the track near White Plains by guerrillas. They removed a rail, thereby precipitating the train down a steep embankment, and causing the death of Mr. M. J. McCrickett, super- intendent; E. J. Bolt and G. W. Fuller, conductors; Charles Brooks and Richard Cowhig, firemen. This sad accident created a deep gloom in the department. Mr. McCrickett was a young man of fine promise; his untiring energy and the skillful and urbane manner in which he discharged his duties had won for him the esteem and love of all who knew him. Messrs. Bolt, Fuller, Brooks, and Cowhig were valuable and trustworthy men. The record left by them shows a long and faithful service. Mr. P. MeCalluin, formerly in charge of mili- tary railroads at Norfolk, was appointed October 12 superintendent of military railroads diverging from Alexandria, the position made vacant by the death of Mr. McCrickett. The road was repaired Octo- ber 11 to Piedmont, distant thirty-four miles from Manassas Junc- tion, and sixty-one from Alexandria. The first regular train ran through October 12. From that date the construction force was kept busily engaged putting in sidings, turn-tables, erecting water sta- tions, & c., and rebuilding road beyond Piedmont, with the intention of opening it to Front Royal, seventeen miles farther. An order was received October 26 to abandon the road and take up the iron from Piedmont to Manassas Junction. This was completed November 10. Most of this iron was sent direct to Winchester and Potomac Rail- road, via Alexandria, and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, without change of cars, and was used by a large construction force then at work on that line relaying it. From November 10 until June 27 the Orange and Alexandria Railroad was operated only to Fairfax Station, sixteen and a half miles from Alexandria. A turn-table was put in at that station and platforms built to facilitate the proper working of the road. One regular train was run each way per day, and an average of two wood trains daily for use of Quartermasters Department. May 20, built large platform at Edsall Station and commenced running supplies to that point for use of General Shermans army. From this date con Page 69 UNION AUTHORITIES. 69 siderable business was done moving troops from along the line to Washington en route home. June 27, in accordance with your order, the Orange and Alexandria Railroad was turned over to Messrs. Quigley and Jamieson, agents of Board of Public Works of Yirginia. A large force of men had to be employed in the different depart- ments doing work for quartermasters. Sixty-eight vessels were repaired for the post quartermaster at Alexandria during the year. Sidings and wharves were built at Point Lookout and Giesborough Point. Wharves built and repaired at Alexandria and Sixth street, Washington, and sidings laid at Bladensburg. In all cases we fur- nished men, pile-drivers, and material. A force of men had to be employed constantly at our railroad wharf, shipping and receiving material. (Accompanying this report please find detailed report of our railroad wharf operations.) Since the consolidation of our store- houses at Alexandria the business in this branch has been attended to in a prompt and efficient manner, nuder the directions of Mr. A. Roeloss, store-keeper. Monthly reports have been furnished you showing amount of material received and issued. Our printing office has done good service, and without it we would have experienced i~erious delay in many instances. ALEXANDRIA, LOUDOUN AND HAMPSHIRE RAILROAD. This road is in complete running order to Vienna Station, a distance of fifteen miles from Alexandria. The bridges are all substantial and durable and have been kept in good repair. Nothing toward construction has been done on this road with exception of building a turn-table at Vienna and laying a side track at Arlington Mills Station, five miles from Alexandria. During July, August, and Sep- tember but few trains were run beyond Falls Church Station, distant ten miles from Alexandria. During October a force of troops were advanced to Vienna, and that post held up to the time of disbanding the armies. A regular train has been run daily each way for the purpose of carrying mails, supplies, & c., for troops stationed at that point along the line of road and Convalescent Camp three and a half miles from Alexandria. A large number of wood trains were run to transport the wood cut by Quartermasters Department. A large portion of this was sent direct to Washington over the Alexan- dria and Washington Railroad. A large quantity of supplies were sent to Arlington Mills and Convalescent Camp during May and June for the Army of the Potomac, then camped near these stations, pre- vious to being mustered out of service. This road has been operated in connection with Alexandria and Washington and Orange and Alexandria Railroads, and all accounts, & c., up to June 30 are included in Alexandria railroad. By your order the road was turned over to Lewis McKenzie, esq., agent of Board of Public Works of Virginia, August 8. CITY POINT AND ARMY LINE. After taking up the track of the Richmond and York River Rail- road, and removing all the material of value (June 13, 1864), Mr. C. L. MeAlpine, engineer of construction and repairs, was ordered to proceed to City Point with part of the Construction Corps and ade- quate material, in anticipation of an order to build the wharves at that place and reopen the City Point and Petersburg Railroad. Th Page 70 70 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. expedition was delayed nearly four days on account of a pontoon bridge stretched across the James River, about twenty-five miles below City Point, upon which the Army of the Potomac was crossing to the south bank of the river. Immediately on the arrival of the construction force at City Point (June 18, 1864) orders were received to rebuild the City Point and Petersburg Railroad; also to construct wharves and buildings for the use of the army in unloading and receiving supplies. An examination was made of the road, and it was ascertained that the bridges were gone, track taken up, and the iron removed for a distance of four miles. From there on to within two miles and a half from Petersburg the track had not been disturbed, but the ties were very much decayed and the gauge needed changing from five feet to four feet eight and one-half inches. By the 5th of July the bridges were all rebuilt, track repaired, and the road was in complete running order for a distance of seven miles from City Point. By the time the repairs were completed a full equipment of engines and rolling-stock had been received, and regular trains commenced running July 7, 1864. A large force was kept constantly employed in building wharves, warehouses, and all other improvements asked for by Quartermasters Department. Orders were received July 22 to make a preliminary survey of a branch line of railroad from a point near Pitkin Station (distant five miles and a half from City Point) to the headquarters of the Fifth Army Corps, on the Weldon railroad at Yellow House. The survey was made (without instruments) and everything got in readP ness for the proposed extension. An explosion occurred on the 9th of August, caused by the accidental ignition of ammunition stored in an ordnance boat lying at the wharf at City Point. The force of the explosion completely demolished some 400 feet of warehouse just completed and a large portion of the wharves in the vicinity; also a large quantity of supplies accumulated for shipment to the front. The damage to railroad property was very slight, and only a few of our men were injured. July 26 a force of trackmen equipped with tools were sent to Deep Bottom to report to General Sheridan, for the supposed purpose of destroying the track of the railroad con- necting Petersburg with Richmond. They returned July 30 without effecting anything of importance. Again, August 13 another party in charge of John Morgan, assistant engineer, was ordered to report to General Hancock for the purpose of destroying the track on the Weldon railroad. Nine miles and a quarter of track were destroyed, and the iron made useless by heating and then bending the rails. Orders were received August 30 to commence building Army Line from Pitkin Station to Yellow Tavern, on the Weldon railroad. Work was commenced September 1, and by the 10th of September the new line was completed a distance of nine miles from Pitkin Station and fourteen miles and a half from City Point. The grading on the new line was comparatively light, but some very extensive trestle- works were constructed. For quite a distance the rebel batteries had full range of the track, and trains passing and our Construction Corps were much annoyed by the constant fire kept up on them. This diffi- culty, however, was obviated by the construction of a line of earth- works about half a mile in length, completely protecting the road. Extensive tracks fQr the accommodation of the hospitals and bak- eries were built; also very large warehouses for the storage of quar- termaster, commissary, and ordnance stores. Substantial and roomy wharves were built for a distance of nearly one mile at City Point Page 71 UNION AUTHORITIES. 71 also wharves at Bermuda Hundred and Light-House Point. An exten- sion wharf was built on the Appomattox River for the accommodation of the hospitals. Water tanks and steam pumping engines were also furnished to keep up an adequate supply of water. The construction of hospital buildings on a very large scale for the several army corps was ordered October 8. After most of the lumber and other material had arrived at City Point the plans were changed. They concluded to build them more temporary than was at first proposed. One hundred and ten of these buildings were constructed during the fall and winter. While this work for the accommodation of the army was being done the various improvements to facilitate the operations of the road were not neglected. The road bed was put in first-rate order, and the track would compare favorably with any first-class road. During the month of October the yard at City Point was enlarged, switches and sidings were put in, turn-tables were constructed at all necessary points, a substantial and convenient engine-house was built capable of accom- modating nine locomotive engines; also shops with all the requisite machinery for the repairs of engines and cars. At all the stations on the line sidings were laid and station-houses built. An average of nine trains, exclusive of specials, were run each way daily, amply supplying the wants of the army. The amount of rolling-stock for the working of the road was increased from time to time, as the demands for transportation became more heavy. Orders were re- ceived October 22 to proceed with the extension of the City Point and Army Line from General Warrens headquarters at the Yellow House to the Peebles house, a distance of two miles and a quarter. The work on this extension (now called the Patrick Branch) did not commence until November 2 on account of an engagement that took place near where the proposed line was to run. It was completed with all the necessary sidings November 9. The grading was not very heavy on account of our conforming to the surface of the ground. The grades are heavy (a maximum of 228 feet). Eight hundred and fifty feet of trestle-work, averaging twenty feet in height, was built. During its construction the weather was very unfavorable, it raining nearly all the time, making it almost impossible to do any work on track. From November 10 to December 19 the construction force were busily engaged in constructing hospital buildings, repairing wharves, laying additional side tracks, and building quarters for the Quarter- masters Department and railroad employ6s. A large clothing ware- house and extensive commissary buildings were then built; also dis- tribution barracks for the accommodation of the troops passing through City Point. The coal wharf at City Point and a large wharf at Bermuda Hundred were also completed. Trains continued to run on good time without accidents, business constantly increas- ing. Some days fifteen trains were run over the road each way. Work was commenced December 21 on a branch hue of road running from Hancock Station, on the main Army Line, to Fort Blaisdell, on the Jerusalem plank road. It was completed December 29, but trains did not run over it for some days after on account of the very wet weather, which made it impossible to get the track in good order. January 2 orders were received to extend this branch line still farther, to the headquarters of General Crawford, who commanded one division of the Fifth Army Corps, a distance of two miles and a quarter from Hancock Station. Work was immediately commenced, but owing to the inclement weather progress was not very rapid Page 72 72 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. The track was laid, 1,040 feet of trestle-work 18 feet high was built, and the line opened by January 20. Station-houses, platforms, and water-stations were built. This line is called the Gregg Branch of the City Point and Army Line. During January a plank road, extending the whole length of the wharves at City Point, was built. Orders were received from Lieutenant-General Grant January 25 to send a construction force (with materials) to Beaufort, N. C., to repair railroad running inland as far as Winton. In obedience, I dispatched Mr. C. L. McAlpine, principal assistant engineer, in charge of a force of carpenters and trackmen, with tools, camp equipage, and material, from City Point for that place, January 26, on steamers Detroit, Rebecca Barton, and Charles Barton. The whole force reached New Berne without any serious detention January 30. They immediately went to work relay- ing track, getting out cross-ties, and rebuilding bridges. By Feb- ruary 2 the track was repaired to Batchelders Creek bridge, and bridge rebuilt. February 5 Col. W. W. Wright, chief engineer, with his construction force, arrived at Morehead City. Our party kept at work till February 8, when they were relieved by Colonel Wrights force and embarked for City Point the same day. The whole force arrived at City Point February 12, in time to take part in the exten- sion of the Army Line. From Jauuary 25 to February 12 the construc- tion force remaining at City Point were engaged in constructing quarters, offices, & c., for the Quartermasters Department, repairing and extending wharves, and building a large wharf at Deep Bottom, on the James River, and keeping the track of the City Point and Army Line and branches in good repair. Our forces made an advance to the left of Petersburg February 5, and after three days fighting succeeded in gaining and holding a position on the Vaughan road, a distance of about five miles in advance of their former line. An order was received February 8 to extend the Army Line. The proposed extension was located the 12th. The line, leaving Warren Station, ran down the old bed of the Weldon railroad about two miles, then, diverging to the right, across the most favorable ground to the Cummings house, on the Vaughan road, a distance of five miles from Warren Station. Work was commenced February 13 and completed to the Cummings house (Huinphreys Station) on the 24th. We also furnished all the necessary sidings, buildings, platforms, water sta- tions, and Y for the proper working of the road. During the prog- ress of this work the weather was very unfavorable, raining almost without intermission, making the ground so soft that it was almost impossible to do any work or get the teams over it with material. Two thousand seven hundred and eighty-one feet of trestle-work was built on this extension, averaging twenty-five feet high. Most of the timber was cut in the woods and hauled to the work with teams detailed for that purpose. A number of hospital cars were fitted up for the pur- pose of moving the sick and wounded from the front and along the line to City Point. These were kept in almost constant use. Trains were running regularly and amply supplying all the wants of the army. In addition to the regular freight business two passenger trains were run each way daily for the accommodation of mails, offi- cers, and others, to and from the front. At the time of building the Army Line many of the officers of the Army of the Potomac, together with the regular Engineer Corps, denounced this location, declaring that it would be impossible for an engine alone to ascend the heavy grades; and as for furnishing the necessary supplies for the arm Page 73 UNION AUTHORITIES. 73 over it, they considered it altogether out of the question. It was dis- covered, however, that engines hauled an average of fifteen loaded cars per train, and in many cases twenty-three loaded cars, with one of our ordinary engines, thus demonstrating the practicability of supplying a large army over a temporary road constructed in this manner. The total length of track laid on Army Line, branches, and sidings was 21 miles 3,955 feet, and total length of trestle work, 1 mile 1,393 feet, an average of twenty-one feet high. Not much of note in railroad affairs occurred from February 28 to April 3. The construction department was kept busy making additional improvements wherever needed, and building a wharf at City Point in the gap between the quartermasters and railroad wharves. I also increased our force and made heavy additions to our rolling-stock, iron, timber, and other material in anticipation of a movement of our army. April 3, immediately after the successful advance of our forces, we abandoned the Army Line and commenced relaying the track taken up on the South Side Railroad to Petersburg, our troops having taken possession of that place on the morning of the 3d. The road was opened and in running order to Petersburg April 4. A large force was set to work changing the gauge of side- tracks and switches in yard at Petersburg from five feet to four feet eight and a half inches, to suit our rolling-stock. We also commenced changing the gauge on main line of South Side Railroad and completed it to Burkeville, sixty-two miles from City Point, April 11, and trains commenced running through with supplies to that point. The road was found to be in wretched condition. The ties were decayed and worthless, and most of the iron nearly worn out. For two or three days it was with the greatest difficulty that trains could be got over the road; but very soon the condition of it was improved by placing a large construction force at work renewing ties, relaying and repairing the track. Trains commenced to run regularly and on time without any accident of a serious nature, and easily filling all requisitions for transportation. We also opened the Petersburg and Richmond Rail- road, and regular trains commenced running from City Point to Manchester (opposite Richmond), via Petersburg, April 7. On the 24th of April orders were received through General Ingalls to make the necessary repairs on the Richmond and Danville Railroad and open communication with Danville, and also to advance on the South Side Railroad and rebuild the High Bridge near Farmville, seventy- six miles from City Point. I sent a large force with material to this bridge, but before the work was fairly under way the order was countermanded. April 30 an order was received from you to suspend all work on repairs or rebuilding railroads in Virginia, and only finish such improvements as had been commenced and were nearly completed. In compliance, immediate steps were taken to reduce the expenses in the different departments. As soon as the men could be spared the greater part of the Construction Corps and transportation departments were sent to Alexandria aud discharged. By the 1st of June all the force that possibly could be spared had been discharged, and only a sufficient number retained to insure the successful operation of the roads. Twenty-four new locomotive engines and about 275 new box-cars (all 5-feet gauge) arrived at City Point, loaded on a fleet of about ninety vessels. By your directions this stock was sent to Manchester (opposite Richmond) and there unloaded. A wharf had to be built, long siding~ laid, and connections made with the Richmond and Danville road for the purpose of storage Page 74 74 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Possession was taken of the machine-shops at Manchester belonging to Richmond and Danville road, and a force engaged to put the engines and cars in proper condition before they were sold. Most of the stock had been on board vessels for nearly three months, exposed to all kinds of weather, and was in bad condition when received. During the month of June the Army Line Railroad was taken up and material brought to City Point. All property not in nse was collected from the lines of the several roads and brought to City Point for ship- ment. Regular trains were run on the South Side and Richmond and Petersburg roads, connecting with trains on Richmond and Danville road, amply supplying all the troops along the lines. A large number of discharged troops were brought to City Point, and transportation furnished a large number of rebel troops returning to their homes. July 3 the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad was turned over to the company, and the Richmond and Danville road was turned over July 4. All material and rolling-stock that could be spared had in the meantime been shipped to Alexandria. We continued running the South Side Railroad from City Point to Burkeville, transporting supplies and large numbers of troops en route north from North Carolina, until July 24. At this date the road was turned over to the company, which closed up our operations of military railroads at City Point. The whole force (with the exception of some sixteen men left to take charge of property, & c.) were brought to Alexandria and discharged. All the property has been removed from City Point, with the exception of some material which will remain there until sold. Mr. C. L. MeAlpine, principal assistant engineer, in charge of con- struction department, and G. M. Huntington, superintendent, in charge of transportation department on this line, were persevering in the discharge of their varied and arduous duties. May 15 Mr. MeAlpine having resigned his position, Mr. T. D. Hays was then appointed in charge of all our railroad operations at City Point; and to him I am indebted for valuable assistance rendered. PETERSBURG AND RICHMOND RAILROAD AND CLOVER HILL BRANCH. When Petersburg and Richmond were abandoned by the enemy, April 3, and during the time we were changing the gauge and mak- ing an advance on South Side Railroad, orders were received to open communication with Richmond. A trestle bridge 400 feet long and 12 feet high had to be built, connecting with bridge over the Appo- mattox River at Petersburg. The road was opened April 7. Two regular passenger trains were run each way daily from City Point to Manchester (opposite Richmond), by way of Petersburg. No freight business of any note was done until the last of April, when orders were received to establish a depot at Manchester in order to provide the Army of the Potomac and General Shermans army with supplies previous to their march to Alexandria and Washington. Sidings and platforms were built and large quantities of supplies sent for- ward from City Point. All orders on us for transportation were filled promptly. In connection with this road we operated the Clover Hill Branch, a coal road diverging from the main line nine miles from Petersburg, and running up to coal mines, a distance of eighteen miles. This became necessary on account of the scarcity of coal in Richmond and Petersburg. One train daily was run, carrying all the coal that was loaded in cars at the mines~ After the armie Page 75 UNION AUTHORITIES. 75 moved from Manchester but little business was done on these roads. Application having been made by Governor Peirpoint to have the road transferred to the company, by your order it was turned over July 3, and all material, & c., removed to City Point. RICHMOND AND DANVILLE RAILROAD. On the evacuation of Richmond, and during the time our army was advancing, it became necessary to rebuild a number of the railroads that had been used by the enemy during the w . By orders received from you April 20 I made an examination of this road. It was found to be in good order, with the exception of the bridges over Appomattox and Staunton Rivers, and about 2,000 feet of track were destroyed. The officers of the Richmond and Danville Railroad ran all their rolling-stock then in running order south of the bridges, and subsequently concentrated it at Clover Station, as a point midway between our two grand armies, and it was then captured by the Sixth Army Corps on its advance to Danville. April 24, I received orders, through General Ingalls, to make the necessary repairs and open communication with Danville; work was commenced on Staun- ton River bridge April 26, and it was completed May 2. The bridge is 600 feet long and 40 feet high. All the timber used in constructing it was cut in the surrounding woods, and hauled to the bridge by teams detailed for that purpose. During the progress of the work trains were run between the river and Danville for transportation of supplies. Twenty cars of subsistence stores received from wagon trains were taken to Danville, and the First Brigade, First Division, Sixth Army Corps, brought from Danville to the bridge to await the completion for further transportation. On completion of the bridge, May 2, four trains of troops were sent to Burkeville. Transportation of balance of First Division commenced at once and was completed May 5; the entire division of 8,000 men employing 253 cars, in twenty-one trains. May 6 commenced transportation of captured ordnance, ordnance stores, arsenal machinery, & c., from Danville to Burkeville; thence by way of South Side Railroad to City Point, amounting in all to 360 car-loads, in thirty trains; finished May 15. May 10 commenced moving balance of Sixth Army Corps, numbering about 18,000 men, with usual baggage, officers horses, & c., from Dan- ville to Manchester, 140 miles. This work employed forty-five trains, or 468 cars, and was finished May 22. In addition to this business was transportation of supplies for the Sixth Army Corps while at Danville. Crowds of negroes and paroled prisoners going north and south. After passage of Sixth Corps to June 15 but little business was done, consisting principally of transportation of mails, supplies, & c., for posts at Danville, Keysville, and Amelia Court-House; occa- sional regiments for points on line, some from Lynchburg by way of Burkeville Junction to Richmond. June 15 commenced transporta- tion of large numbers of paroled prisoners to Danville, which con- tinued until surrendering the road to Board of Public Works of Virginia, at the rate of 864 per day, and total of 15,600. J~nme 22 com- menced transportation of troops arriving at Danville from North Carolina for the north, by way of Burkeville and City Point; this continued until surrender of the road July 4, amounting to 7,250 soldiers, 115 horses, and 15 cars baggage. The cars on this road were found in very bad condition and many set aside. The locomotive Page 76 76 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. were eighteen in number, belonging as follows: To Richmond and Danville road, ten; East Tennessee and Virginia road, five; Nash- ville and Chattanooga road, two; and Norfolk and Petersburg road, one. We also recaptured U. S. Military Railroad engine Colonel McCallum; this one had been captured from us at Bristoe Station, on Orange and Alexandria road, in 1862, duriiig General Popes retreat, taken south to Danville road, changed to 3-feet gauge, and is now called Pocahontas. All these were in bad order, but by hard labor kept up and caused to do good service. Mr. 0. II. Dorrance, for- merly of the Winchester and Potomac line, was superintendent of this road, and conducted affairs with his usual ability. In consequence of the uncertainty of our operations I did not enter upon a thorough organization. The old operatives of this road were retained, consid- erable reduction from U. S. Military Railroad rates made in their pay, as satisfactory to them, a point of economy, and that men just from rebellion did not deserve to be rated with old military railrOa(l employ~s and loyal men. As City Point was considered the base of all supplies this is called one of the connecting roads, and the accounts are included in the tabular statements opposite City Point and connecting roads. NORFOLK AND PETERSBURG RAILROAD. During the year the business of this road has been only nominal. A large amount of wood has been hauled in from the line of the road to Norfolk for use of the quartermaster at the post. A flag-of-truce train was run to Suffolk about once in two weeks, or whenever called upon. The track is in good condition to Suffolk, a distance of twenty-three miles; it is laid with iron, sixty-four pounds to yard, and is decidedly the best road in Virginia. October 12 Mr. H. F. Woodward was appointed assistant superintendent and engineer of the Norfolk and Petersburg and Seaboard and Roanoke Railroads, vice Mr. P. MeCallum, appointed to the superintendency of military railroads diverging from Alexandria. April 1 Mr. Phin. B. Tompkins was appointed superintendent in charge, and Mr. Woodward trans- ferred to City Point. This road was operated in connection with the Seaboard and Roanoke road and rolling-stock used on either road as occasion demanded, a connection having previously been made at Suffolk between the two roads. Possession of this road was given to the company June 30 and ended our operations at Norfolk and Portsmouth, with the exception of a small force left in charge of material. SEABOARD AND ROANOKE RAILROAD. This road has been in use to Suffolk, distance eighteen miles from Portsmouth. One daily train, exclusive of specials, has been run to that point. Only a small number of troops were stationed on line of this road and at Suffolk, consequently the demands for transportation have not been very pressing. A large number of cross-ties have been cut along the line of road and hauled to Portsmouth; from there they have been shipped to the several points where military railroads have been opened and extended. Fifteen thousand nine hundred and ninety-two ties were sent to North Carolina for use of roads running inland from Beaufort. By your directions, April 6, the new 3-feet Page 77 UNION AUTHORITIES. 77 gauge rolling-stock was ordered to Norfolk, with the intention of landing it at that point, the object being to open communication with Weldon and use this stock on the road. The order was after- ward countermanded by you, on account of the cessation of hostili- ties, and all the rolling-stock ordered to Maiichester (opposite Rich- mond), there to be stored until sold. We abandoned this road June 30 and turned it over to the company, leaving a small force to take charge of Government property until sold or removed to Alexandria. WINCHESTER AND POTOMAC RAILROAD. In obedience to an order received from you August 12 to repair and put in working order this road from Harpers Ferry to Halltown (a distance of six miles), a construction force with material was sent to Harpers Ferry. Repairs were commenced August 14, and regular trains commenced running through to Halltown August 19. From that date the road was not used to any great extent, and only a limited amount of freight was transported until October 29, at which date you ordered the extension of the road to Winchester. November 2 a detachment of our Construction Corps commenced rebuilding the road from Halitown. Track was completed to Charlestown (ten miles from Harpers Ferry) on the 5th; Summit Point (eighteen miles from harpers Ferry) on the 14th, and Stephensons (twenty-eight miles from Harpers Ferry) on the 24th. I received orders from General Sheridan to make this the terminus of the road, establish depot grounds, lay the necessary sidings, and prepare for a heavy business. Our rolling-stock consisted of thirteen engines and about seventy-five cars, all in good condition. Our railroad employ~s numbered about 600 men. December 12 Mr. 0. H. Dorrance was appointed superin- tendent of this line, relieving Mr. Beggs, who was ordered to report to Alexandria. The old strap rail was removed from line of road and sent to Alexandria, engine-house and machine-shops built at Harpers Ferry, and a number of extensive platforms built at Harpers Ferry and Stephensons for the shipping of quartermasters and commissary stores. I also frequently employed a portion of our construction force unloading cars at Stephensons. This was done on account of the large amount of freight kept in the cars by quartermasters, they not having sufficient force to unload it. During the months of January, February, March, and April business continued to be done promptly and without any serious accident. April 29 I ordered Mr. Dorrance, superintendent, to City Point, for the purpose of taking charge of the Richmond and Danville Railroad, leaving Mr. D. T. Shaw, dispatcher, in charge of Winchester and Potomac line. In May business began to slack off. On the 21st the Opequon bridge, one of the largest on the road, was swept off by a freshet, interfering with operations for a few days. During the month of June I reduced the rolling-stock to five engines and about sixty cars, and the force employed on the road to about 175 men, thus carrying out your previous order. A total of 3,294 feet of trestle-work, an average of 124- feet high, was built on main track and sidings on this road. This ends the report of operations up to this date. I might add, however, that all railroad material used in construction of this road had to be sent from Alexandria to Harpers Ferry over the Balti- more and Ohio road. Most of the railroad iron was shipped direct from the Manassas Gap Railroad, where a large force was engaged i Page 78 78 COR1~ESPON1)ENCE, ETC. removing the track from Piedmont to Manassas Junction; the same cars being used in distributing the iron on Winchester road as were in loading it not forty-eight hours previous on Manassas Gap road. It is a fact worthy of note that during a business extending but little over seven months, in which time 2,238 trains passed over the road, carrying nearly 200,000 persons, but one accident of any consequence occurred and but one man was killed. The advantages resulting from the completion of this line were observable, not only in furnishing supplies to the Army of the Shenandoah, but in rapidity with which troops could be moved. At the time of moving the Sixth Army Corps, the First Division arrived at City Point by way of Washington in forty-four hours after leaving Stephensons, and the Second Division in fifty-two hours, saving at least thirty hours by having this short line open. Please see tabular statements for further information. This sums up the report of my operations in the Department of Virginia during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. I desire to express my thanks to superintendents, engineers, agents, and other employ6s on the different lines for the manner in which they have discharged their varied and arduous duties. Always dili- gent and faithful, they have never been found wamiting when called on. It is with pleasure I acknowledge the services of Mr. J. M. Pitkin, principal assistant, in charge of all business appertaining to my duties; his uutiring energy and faithful services cannot be too highly appreciated. Respectfully submitted. J. J. MOORE, Chief Engr. and Geni. Supt. Milifary Railroads of Virgirna. [Table No. 1.] Schedule of military railroads operated in the Department of Virginia du1~ing fiscal year. Road. From To-, .~ ~a ~ g6~ ~ a~e C~ a g,~ ~ ~ 0-- ~ Miles Miles. Washington and Alexandria washington Alexandria 7* 7* ~* Orange and Alexandria Alexandria Gordonaville 88 50 15 Alexandria, Loudoun and Hainp- do Leesburg 41 15 15 shire. Manassas Gap Railroad Manassas Strasburg 62 34 winchester and Potomac Harpers Ferry Stephensons 28 28 28 Norfolk and Petersburg ~ orfolk Petersburg 80 23 23 Seaboard and Roanoke Portsmouth Weldon 80 17 17 City Point and Army City Point Humpbreys 18* 18~ 18* South Side do Lynchbur,, 131 62 62 Richmond and Petersburg Manchester Petersburg 22 22 22 Richmond and Danville do Danville 140 140 140 Total 698 417 348 Richmond and Petersburg (Clo 18 18 18 ver Hill Branch. Page 79 a ~ ~. a~i ~C ~ a ~i~: a: . ~ . a. 0, a. 0 0 0 ~::: Co .....Co.. Co . . . . . Co Co Co. ... CO . . . . . Co Co Co. CoCoCo Co Co. -~CoCo~Co Co COCo. CoCo CoCoCoCo a ~ COCoCo. OCCOCOCoO C CoCoCo. VtCoCo1Co 0 Co OCoCO. CoCoCo CoCoCoCo CoCoCo. CoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co CoCoCo. CoCo-CoCo00 Co Co -~ Co E1 Co~CoCo~ Co Co.DCoCoCo0Co Co Co-1Co00-4-1 ~. OCoCo P~ S~P~P Co ~Co0CoO-1CoCo Co Co0CoCoCo~ Co CoCo ~0Co CoO Co Co Co Co ~ Co Co Co CoCoCoCoCo Co CoCoCo~ CoCoCo0~ 0 CoOCoCoCo Co Co CoO -~ CO Co ~ Co Co 0 Co Co 00 Co Co Co -~ ~ CoO Co -~ ~ 0 Co ~ Co Co ~ H a Co 0 ~ ~Co~O H a~ Co. ~ ~ z 0 .~ Co~ CO0 Co~ Co Co 0 Co CO Co H a Co Co0~CoCoCo0CoCoCoCoI Co CoCoCoCo-I-ICoCoCoCo~Co 0 0 Commissaries. 0 0 a Chief engineer and gen- eral superintendent. Co Superintendents. Co CoCo~~CoCo iS- ~.CoCoCoCo-4CoCo--1-4CoCo Carpenters Co CoCoCoICoCoCo-ICoCoICo 0 CoCo0CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Engineers. 0 CoS~S-CoCoCoCo5.CoCoCo Cot Co -~CoCo CoCoCo0CoCo-4-I-4Co Cardepariment. CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo-Co Fuelagents. CoCoCoCoCo0CoCo0-4tS-Co Co Co ~. -.~ -~ Co Co 00 Co-I Co Co Co 0 Machinists. Co Co Co Co Co Co CoCoCoCoCoCo Co Clerks. Co CoCoCoCo Co Co CoCoCo000CoCo-I-I-4Co Co CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co Co Co Co Co Co ~I ~4 Co Co Co Co S. Co Blacksmiths. Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Printers. Co CoCoCo0CoCoCoCoCo~CoCo Co Co StatConar-~ en ~ CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co A~euts & c. Co Co Co Co Co Co Co 5. Co Co Co Co ~ gineers. Co S-Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co 0 -ICoCoCo0-4CoCoCo~CoCo Co Co Drau~h~~m~ S. CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Pattern makers. Co CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo 5. Co -:1 OCOOCoCoCoCoCoCOCoCoO and tin smiths. Co Supervisors. Co CoCoCo CoCoCoCoCoCoCo Copper Co CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co Co~CoCoCoCo0~0Co0~ Co Messengers Co tS.CoCo-4CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co Store.keepers. 0 CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co S. CoCoCoCotS-COCOCOCOCOCOCO Teamsters. Co 0 CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Timberinspectors. Co 4 CoCoCoCoCoCoCo CoCoCo Pile drivers Co CoOCoCoCoCoCoCoOCoCoCo Co Co CoS--4CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Conductors. -~ CoCoCoCoCOOCoCoCoCoCoCo 0 Co CoCoCoCo Painters Co -I-4-140CoCoCo00CoCo Co Co CoCoCoCoCOCo O~S-Co4CoCo B Co CoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co 0 CoCoCoCoCoCo rakemen. Co 4CoCoCoi~-CoCotS-CoCoCo0 Laborers. 5. CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co CoCo-I~S-Co ~ CoCoCoCoCoCo Co Co~.Co CoO 00 ~ Co ~ Co Co Co Co Co S-Co - - - Co Co - 5. Co Co Enginemen. -~ CoCo~CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co Co CoO Co Co CoI Co 40 Vt Co Watchmen. Co Co CoCoS-Co-I Co CoO 4 Co Co Co Co~CoCoCoCoCo Co. Photograph department. Firemen. Co CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo Co Co OCottOCo CoCoCotS-CoCoCo0 Boiler makers. Cot - Co CoCo~CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo - CoCoCoCoCoCoCo~tS-CoCoCo Co Co-ItS-CoCoCo~Co-4Co0Co 0 Co~CoCoCCoS~CoCOCoCoCo Total. Switchmen. Co ~.IS-CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo~ Wipers. Co CoCoCo~CoCoCo00Co0 Co 0 Co Co 0 Co Co 0 Co ~ z ~ ~Co CO~ Co~ Co 0 Co 01 CO Co 0 0 H 0 a 9 z 0 z H 0 ~J Page 80 GO~ 0 Weight. o~o~o~o~ o~o~o~ o~o~ o~ o~e c~ ~ o~c~ oo o~v~ Diameterdrivers. 00000000. ~ Size of cylinder. ~ NMM ~ ~X~M ~ ~ ~ ~I~z~3 bzt~ ~ tt~3t~z ~ ~ 0000000~ 00 I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-~-~-~0 .0 00 000000 00 . ~0 ~0~~000 00 0~00 -~-1 0 0i-~0 ~O000000000 o00t.~ 0. 0o0~ 0000000000 e00C~o 00-~-~1000 00 -~ . 0C~0 000000000 0000 0. 00000 00000000000 00000000 ooooooo oo ~ ooo ooo~ooooo oo-i-i 0: ~oo o-~oo--iooooo oooo~~o Cost. 0000000 00 0 000 0000000000 0000 0. 0000 . 0000000000 00000000 0000000 00 0 . . 000 0000000000 0000 0. 0000 . 0000000000 00000000 0 00 0 000 000 OOOOOOOOObO 00000 00000 . 00000000000 000000.0 ~00 00 0 000 o00 0000000 0000 00.-~- 000~..0000 0 0000 00 0000000000 00000000 0000000000 00000000 Value. 0 000 000 0000000000 0000 OOOO~O 0000000000 00000000 00000000 00 0 000 000 0000000000 0000 000000 0000000000 00000000 00000000 00 0 000 000 0000000000 0000 000000 . 0000000000 00000000 0 . 0 ~ft 0 0. 000 00 0 ~00 000 0~0000 ~.00o~ ~.0000~ 000 00~. 0~0000~0 ~ ~ Expenses. 0 00. 00~ 00 0 000 000 000~00000000 0000 000~00 0000000000 ~0 000000 . 0 00. 000 00 0 000 000 0000000000 ~000 000000 00000-~00000 000000000 0 00. 000 00 ~ 000 0C.O 00000000000 0000 -3~0000 000000~.0000 0~000000 0 0 . . 0 0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000 0 0 0 0 .0. ~ 00 0 0 0 000 000000 0~0000000000 o~0o ooo - 00 ~ 000 00~000 00000 0000000 ~1000 0~0000 Miles run. 0 0. ~0-.1 AO 0 000 000 0o~.00000000 0000 .00005.00 000000000oo5. 0000005.00 0000 00 0 0. 0 000 000 00 ~ ~. 00~ 000 00 0 ~. 0 000 000 00 0 0. 0 000 00 0000 ~ 000005. 000000000 ~ -~ 000 ~ 0 ~ 05. ~ -~ 00000 ~ 000 -~ ~ 0000 ~0~00 00000 ~0000 00000 0~00 000000 0000005AOOOO 0-300 000000 0-.1000000000 Cost per 100 miles. 0000 ~ 000 0000000 ~ 0 ~o0~05.00 00 0 00 000 0000000000 0000 000000 0000000000 00 000 0000000000 0000 *~ ~ 0000 00000000 00 0 00 000 0000000000 0000 00000 00000000000 00000000 00 0 00 000 0000~000000 0000 000000 00000000 00 0 00 000 0000000000 0000 000000 0,. 00000000 00000000 ~ 00 00000~ 00000000 00 0 0 z z a z 0 0 H 0 0 0 z 0 0 Page 81 81 UNION AUTHORITIES. [Table No. 5.] U. S. MILITARY RAILROADS. Tons carried and miles run during fiscal year. Road. Alexandria Winch ester and Potomac. City Point and con- necting roads. Norfolk Total 0 0 a ,0 0 072 Tens. 39, 541 44,452 162, 506 22, 598 A a a 0 Tons. 113, 078 51,631 193, 652 26,311 0 a 0 0 Q Tons. 851 760 76, 540 364 a Tons. 64 240 9, 665 61 .0 0 a Tons. 1,788 5, 084 75,370 2, 258 a a 0 a 0 a Tons. 13, 839 665 21,579 561 H Tons. 169, 161 102, 832 539,312 52,153 a .0 a 0 54, 370 22, 664 97,200 6,517 269,097 384,672 78,515 10,030 84,500 36,644 863,458 180,751 [Table No. 6.] U. S. MILITARY RAILROADS. Number of passengers carried July 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865. Road. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Alexandria 13, 496 11,845 14, 684 16, 785 14, 596 17, 591 City Point 35, 370 46, 150 43, 440 66, 766 63, 451 59, 781 Winchester and Potomac 1, 368 1, 271 2, 125 2, 206 17, 255 24, 666 Norfolk 2, 645 3, 158 4, 647 3, 741 3, 963 4, 767 Total 52,879 62424 64,896 89,498 99,265 106,805 Road. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. Total. Alexandria 16, 963 25, 041 18, 954 21, 334 6, 135 6, 692 184, 116 City Point 57, 841 66, 845 64, 345 97, 467 96, 560 87, 965 785, 981 Winchester and Potomac . . - 36, 765 38, 644 21, 652 20, 854 18, 676 7, 778 193, 260 Norfolk 3, 968 3, 673 4, 861 3, 239 2, 671 2, 784 44, 117 Total . 115, 537 134, 203 109, 812 142, 894 124, 042 105, 219 1, 207, 474 [Table No. 7.] U. S. MILITARY RAILROADS. Receipts for freight and passengers during fiscal year ending June 30. Receipts. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Passengers $89. 10 $51. 70 $88. 50 $260. 40 Freight 30. 00 5. 00 366. 00 2, 472.75 Total 119. 10 56. 70 454. 50 2, 733. 15 Nov. Dec. $425.70 $2,237.45 2. 565. 00 3, 623. 29 2, 990. 70 5,860.74 Receipts. Jan-. Feb. March. April. May. June. Total. Passengers $2, 639. 30 $3, 917. 40 $2, 335. 30 $2, 803. 95 $12, 181. 06 $18, 156. 73 $45, 186. 59 Freight 3, 830. 60 3, 184. 90 6, 029. 20 2, 266. 70 4, 335. 32 i 7, 368. 82 36, 077.58 Total 6, 469. 90 7, 102. 30 8, 364. 50 5, 070. 65 16, 516. 38 25, 525. 55 81,264. 17 6 R RSERIES III, VOL V a 0 0 656, 507 632, 912 2, 322, 800 69, 903 3, 682, 12 Page 82 82 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Table No. 8.] U. S. MiLiTARY RAILROADS. Amount of material received and used July 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865. Month. On Hand. Received. Used. On Hand. July $371,479.59 $86,834.93 $136,243.41 August 117, 223. 67 77, 244.93 September 116, 786. 39 142, 395. 72 October 124,429.01 63,038.64 November 348, 706. 10 98,953. 12 December 219, 772. 71 80, 722. 27 January 90, 626. 80 149,825. 13 February 97,441. 39 122, 932. 82 March . 173, 833.42 162, 670.32 April 436, 152. 83 454, 427. 86 May 54,541.11 45,492.48 June 36, 435. 51 53, 049.36 $687, 267.40 371, 479. 59 1, 902,783. 87 1, 586, 996. 06 687, 267. 40 [Table No. 9.] Estimated value of property on military railroads, State of Virginia, June 30, 1865. Winchester Alexandria and City Point Norfolk Description, railroads. Potomac railroads, railroads. Total. Railroad. Machine.shops and additions $6, 150. 00 $600. 00 $2, 500. 00 $8, 000. 00 $17, 250. 00 Engine.lionses 34,500. 00 1, 200. 00 3, 100. 00 29, 000. 00 67, 800. 00 Car.shops and additions 28, 950. 00 45. 00 2, 650. 00 4, 000. 00 35,645. 00 Depot bulldings.& c 2,500.00 1,139.00 811. 28 1,560. (iO 6,010.28 Bridge shops, & c 1, 800. 00 223. 00 1, 250. 00 650. 00 3,923.00 Store.house buildings 3, 500. 00 180. 00 866. 00 150. 00 4, 696. 00 Offices 2,350.00 250. 00 900. 00 3, 500. 00 Quarters and dwelling.houses 6, 500. 00 611. 00 14, 689. 05 2, 070. 00 23, 870. 05 Commissary buildings 3, 500. 00 630. 00 450. 00 4, 580. 00 Wharves and fixtnres 8, 000. 00 14, 820. 00 22, 820. 00 Baggage and switch.houses 400. 00 106. 00 220. 00 726. 00 Water stations 1, 650. 00 275. 00 560. 00 430. 00 2, 915. 00 Locomotive engines 602, 300. 00 68, 000. 00 125, 000. 00 84, 000. 00 879, 300. 00 Box.cars 280, 350. 00 51, 450. 00 44, 100. 00 17, 850. 00 393, 750. 00 Flat.cars 159,800. 00 27, 200. 00 23, 800. 00 210, 800. 00 Stockcars 11, 700. 00 12, 600. 00 1, 800. 00 26, 100.00 Passenger.cars 16, 450.00 16,450. 00 11, 750. 00 2, 350. 00 47, 000. 00 Presidents and wreck car 14, 000. 00 14, 000. 00 Hand.cars 625. 00 250. 00 250. 00 625. 00 1, 750. 00 Pile.drivers 5, 000. 00 2. 500. 00 7, 500. 00 Stationary engines 5, 900. 00 2, 500. 00 3, 000.00 2, 600. 00 14, 000. 00 Pumping engines 10, 000. 00 2, 500. 00 7, 500. 00 2, 100. 00 22, 100. 00 Printin gdepartment 1, 542. 00 1, 542. 00 Commissary department . .. 1, 719. 67 976. 00 1. 807 68 476. 00 4, 979. 35 iron, railroad 107, 840. 00 1, 280. 00 352, 920. 00 12, 480 00 475, 520. 00 Iron and steel 59, 300. 00 5, 325. 00 9, 375. 00 74, 000. 00 Chairs (a~ 24. 48 5, 798. 40 15. 36 5, 838. 24 Spikes, railroad (a) 21. 90 8, 712. 00 27. 00 8, 760. 90 Machinery in machine department 24, 043. 00 2, 450. 00 9, 795. 00 13, 725. 00 50, 013. 00 Machinery in car department 4, 101.00 465.00 153. 00 2, 175. 00 6, 894. 00 Material in machine and car depart 8, 895. 60 7, 415. 00 5, 310.00 25, 310. 00 46, 930. 60 ment. Tools in machine department 18, 913. 21 3, 243. 00 4, 760. 00 2,142. 00 29, 058. 21 Tools in car department 3, 471. 43 1, 761. 05 895. 00 1, 761. 00 7, 888.48 Office furniture . 1, 488. 00 187. 50 222. 00 452. 00 2, 349. 50 Tools, & c., in construction depart- 23, 690. 84 3, 621. 00 5, 676. 00 1, 851. 60 34, 839. 41 ment. Lumber (a) 1,960. 00 20, 997. 23 4, 083. 00 27, 040. 23 Miscellaneous property 27, 080. 00 5, 321. 00 4, 176. 00 11,571. 00 48, 148.00 Store.house report 687, 267. 40 687, 267. 40 Total 2, 175, 277. 15 193, 059. 93 688, 138. 64 264; 628. 96 3, 321, 104. 68 a Storc.honse sheet Page 83 UNION AUTHORITIES. 83 [Table No. 10.] U. S. MILITARY RAILROADS. Gradients, alignments, elevations, & c2~ [Table No. 11.] MILITARY RAILROADS OF YIRGINIA. Track laid from July 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865. Army Line: Miles. Feet. Main line from Pitkin Station to Humphreys Station 13 3,100 Sidings, from Pitkin Station to Humphreys Station ___ 2 4 705 Gregg Branch, from Hancock Station to Crawford Station 2 1 200 Sidings, from Hancock Station to Crawford Station ___ _ 2 900 Patrick Branch, from Warren Station to Patrick Station 2 1,000 Sidings, from Warren Station to Patrick Station 1,550 Total length of track in main line, branches, and sidings - - - 21 3,955 South Side Railroad, from City Point to Burkeville: Main line relaid 10 320 Hospital, bakery, and other sidings ___ 4 2 800 Total ___ 14 3 120 Petersburg and Richmond Railroad: Sidinglaid at Manchester __ _ 1 520 Richmond and Danville Railroad: Mainline,nearAppomattoxbridge 2,000 Siding atManchester, storage of cars __ 2 2 430 Total 2 4,430 Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad: Main line, fifteen miles from Portsmouth __ _ 5 210 Alexandria and Washington Railroad: Across Long Bridge andapproaches 1 200 Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad: Siding at Arlington Mills -- 800 Orange and Alexandria Railroad: First siding south of Alexandria __ _ 1 620 MaintrackonAccotinkbridge 140 Track over Popes Head bridges Nos. 1,2,3,4, and 5 580 Track over Bull Run bridge 150 TrackoverBroadRunbridge 240 Track over Kettle Run bridge 80 Track over Cedar Run bridge 175 Total __ _ 2 985 Manassas Gap Railroad: MainlinenearPiedmont 3,980 Sidings at Piedmont 1,990 Sidings at Salem 770 300 Total 1 1,760 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad: SidingatBladensburg 1,350 Point Lookout, Md.: Siding and tracks for quartermaster 840 * Omitted Page 84 84 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Winchester and Potomac Railroad: Miles. Feet. Main track, from Harpers Ferry to Stephensons 28 400 Sidings, from Harpers Ferry to Stephensons - - - 2 4,640 Total 805,040 Total track laid dnring the year - - - 74 140 [Table No. 12.] MILITARY RAILROADS OF VIRGINIA. Trestle bridges built during year ending June 30. Length. Height. Average Army Line: Feet. feet. Pitkin Station to Humphreys Station 4,483 15 Patrick Braoch 850 20 Gregg Branch 1,040 18 Total length 6,373 South Side Railroad: city Point to Burkeville 125 27 Petersburg and Richmond Railroad: Connection at Petersburg 400 12 Richmond and Danvile Railroad: Manchester to Danville 1,030 39 Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad: Sixteen miles from Portsmouth 100 35 Winchester and Potomac Railroad: Total length 3, 294 12j Alexandria and Washington Railroad: Approaches to newLon Bridge 248 Orange and Alexandria and Manassas Gap Railroads: Total length 1,263 27 Total trestle-work built during the year 13, 033 Average 21 [JULY 1, 1865.] Byt. Brig. Gen. D. C. MCCALLUM, General Manager U. S. Military Railroads: GENERAL: As general superintendent of military railroads, Divis- ion of the Tennessee, I have the honor to submit the following report: I succeeded Maj. E. L. Wentz as general superintendent military railroads, Military Division of the Mississippi in May, 1865. He succeeded A. Anderson in the same position in November, 1864; 50 that I am the third general superintendent who has had charge of operations in this department during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Not having access to all the annals of my predecessors in office, I shall find it almost impossible to make a report as minute and complete as is desirable Page 85 85 UNION AUTHORiTIES. 1, 2, 3. On the 1st day of July, 1864, the length of railroads then in operation which came afterward under my direction was as follows: Title of railroad. Nashville and Chat- tanooga. Nashville and Deca- tur. Nashville and North. western. Nashville and Ken- tucky. western and Atlan- tic. Kingston Branch East Tennessee and Geo Dafton Branch - - Prior to the war. Original owners Nasbville and Chat- tanooga R. R. Co. Tennessee and Ala- bama R. R. Co-; Central Southern R. R. Co.; Tennes- see and Alabama Central R. R. Co. Nashville and North western R. R. Co. Edgefield and Ken- tucky R. R. Co. State of Georgia - - - .do East Tennessee and Georgia R. R. Co. do East Tennessee and East Tennessee and Virginia Virginia R. It. Co. Rogersville Branch do Memphis andCharles- ton. Memphis andCharles- ton RR.Co. Terminal stations. Nashville Chatta- nooga. NashvilleDecatur. NashvilleH i c k - man. Ky. NashvilleS t a t e Line. ChattanoogaTeun.-- Atlanta, Ga. Kin gs ton, Ga. Rome, Ga. Chattanoo~a,Tenn.-- Cleveland, Tenn. Dalton, Ga. Knoxville, Tenn. Bristol, Va. Junction Rogers- yule. Memphis, Tenn. Stevenson. 55 0 Q Hues. 151 Now used as U. 5. military railroad lines. Terminal stations. The whole road 120 do - NashvilleJ 0 h n - sonville. 47 Nashville Clarks- yule. 138 Chattanooga,Tenn. Big Shanty, Ga. 17 Kingston,Ga. Rome. Ga. 112 Chattanooga, Tenn.~ Knoxville. 27 Cleveland, Tenn. Dalton, Ga. 130 Not in use 15 do 271 Decatur Junction Stevenson, Ala. 55 0 0 Mile,. 151 120 78 61 107 17 112 27 81 During July and August, 1864, the advance of General Shermans army gave us the remainder of the Western and Atlantic Railroad from Big Shanty, 107 miles (rom Chattanooga, to Atlanta, 138 miles from Chattanooga, to which place we ran early in September, 1864. Some of the roads in use at the beginning of the fiscal year were abandoned as they became useless for military operations, and others from time to time added, until the end of the year, June 30, 1865, found us in possession and operating the following roads, viz: Prior to the war. Now used as U. S. military railroad lines. Title of railroad. Original owners- Terminal stations. ~ Terminal stations. ~ 0 a 0 Nashville and Chat- Deca- tur. Nashville and North western. Nashville and Ken- tucky. Western and Atlan- tic. Kingston Branch. Nashville and Chat- tanooga R. R. Co. Tennessee and Ala- bama It. R. Co.; Central Southern It. R. Co-; Tennes- see and Alabama Central R. R. Co. Nashville and North- western R. It. Co. Edgefield and Ken- tncky R. It. Co. Stati of Georgia do Nashville Chatta- nooga. NashvilleDecatur - Nashville Hi c k - man, Ky. NashvilleState Line. Chattanooga A t - lanta, Ga. K lug stonRome, Ga. Miles, 151 120 47 138 17 The whole road do NashvilleJohn - sonville. Nashville Spring- field. Chattanooga A t - lanta. KingstonRome If iles. 151 120 78 28 138 1 Page 86 86 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Now used as U. S. military Prior to war. railroad lines. Title of railroad. Original owners. Terminal stations. ~ Terminal stations. n a a Miles. Miles. East Tennessee and East Tennessee and Chattanooga Knox. 112 ChattanoogaKnox- 112 Georgia Georgia R. 111. Co yule. ville. Dalton Branch do ClevelandDalton, 27 ClevelandDalton.. 27 Ga. East Tennessee and East Tennessee and KnoxvilleBristol. - 130 KnoxvilleCarters 110 Virginia Virginia R. R. Co. Station. Rogersville Branch do . Junction Rogers. 15 Junction Rogers. 15 yule. yule. Memphis and Charles Memphis and Charles. Memphis Steven. 271 DecaturStevenson 81 ton, ton R. 11. Co. son. As a general summary of this item of report it will be sufficient to say that there were in use July 1, 1864, 754 miles of road, and at the end of the fiscal year 877 miles, showing a gain of 123 miles during the year. 4. To meet the demand for the increased necessities of the army of General Sherman and supply the parts depending upon the military railroads for supplies, and to forward the great accession of troops in this department and transport to the rear the sick and wounded, and near the close of the fiscal year to transport the immense army back on their way to points of muster out, and send the refugees who during the winter had been dispatched to the rear again over our roads to their former homes, we have purchased from manufacturers sixty-two new engines and captured from the enemy three, adding thus sixty-five efficient engines to the number in use at the close of the last fiscal year. SUMMARY. Locomotives reported June 30, 1864 150 PurchasedduringthefisCalyear 62 ~!apturedfromtheenemy 3 Total June 30, 1865 215 5. There were purchased during the same period 989 box-cars and 397 fiat-cars, thus adding 1,386 freight-cars to those in use June 30, 1864. SUMMARY. Freight-cars reported June 30, 1864 1,452 Added during fiscalyear 1,386 Total 2,838 6. I submit herewith the report of the auditor, * showing that the average number of men employed in the entire department during the fiscal year was 13,043, at an average expense of $779,644.85 per month, making the total expense for employ~s in the entire depart- ment $9,355,738.21. 7. The report of the auditor of all accounts audited and prepared for payment during each month of the fiscal year is herewith sub- mitted: Average amount, $940,734.95; total, $11,288,819.78. * Omitted Page 87 UNION AUTHORITIES. 87 Stores and troops were transported from Nashville at the following rate per month: Month. Cars, Cars, Cars, Total Stores Number stores. troops. empty.; cars. of troops. TOuR. July 3, 208 300 3, 508 25, 664 18, 000 August 3, 166 325 282 I 3, 773 25, 328 19, 100 September 2, 698 144 1, 081 3, 923 21, 584 10, 297 October 3, 698 563 1, 699 5, 960 - 29, 584 31, 150 November 1, 671 1, 249 1, 307 4, 227 13, 368 65, 450 December 360 137 783 1, 280 2, 880 6, 850 January 2, 420 346 479 3, 245 19, 360 17, 300 February 2,415 399 854 3, 668 19, 320 19, 950 March 2, 169 588 195 2, 932 17, 352 24, 400 April 2, 639 330 738 3, 707 21, 112 18,500 May 1, 935 406 1, 020 3, 361 15, 480 20, 300 June 2, 677 886 244 3, 807 21,416 34, 419 Total 29,058 5,673 8,682 43,411 232,448 283,716 The foregoing is the business ordered by Capt. S. B. Brown, and embraces nothing of the large business done by the Quartermasters Department in Chattanooga, Huntsville, Knoxville, and Atlanta, sending the army over portions of our road and finally dispatching it back to Nashville when mustered out of service. During the fiscal year the following monthly report will show the actual number of cars moved upon the roads centering in Nashville: ,~ ,5 a ~ Month. ci ~ Month. a a a a c Q -~ a ,., ~ u ci o ~ 0 0 0 H ~ H July 1864 4, 618 4, 493 9, 111 February 1865 4, 710 4, 718 9,428 August 1864 4, 781 4, 744 9, 525 March 1865 3, 990 4, 349 8, 339 September 1884 4, 384 4, 058 8, 442 April 1865 5, 110 5,331 10, 441 October 1864 6, 225 6, 031 12, 256 May 1865 4, 113 4, 584 8, 697 November 1864 4, 764 5, 569 10, 333 June 1865 4, 437 4, 793 9, 230 December 1864 1, 754 1, 622 3, 376 . January 1865 4, 571 4, 271 8, 842 Total 53, 457 54,563 108, 020 Making a total of 108,020 cars actually forwarded and received at this station. The order of General Sherman of April 10, 1864, stop- ping all travel on private account over military roads was in full force until December, 1864. In December, 1864, and again in March, 186~5, these orders were so far modified as to allow passengers and freight to be carried when not interfering with the business of the Government. The receipts from the express company, private freights, and passengers during the fiscal year are as follows, viz: Month. Express F service. reight. Passengers. Total. 1864. July August September October November December $17, 389. 22 11, 756. 52 7, 381.44 7, 578. 06 7, 975.53 3,246.64 $2,062.11 235. 60 2, 800. 00 6,041.80 $17, 389.22 13, 818. 63 7,617. 04 10, 378. 06 14, 017. 33 3, 246.6 Page 88 88 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Month. Express service. Freight. Passengers. Total. 1865. January $16,748. 98 $4, 670.34 $4, 719.40 $26, 138.72 February 25, 278. 30 570. 15 25, 250.50 51, 098. 95 March 17, 604. 09 99. 65 18, 042.75 35, 746. 49 April 17, 373. 99 9, 885. 33 20,231. 00 47, 490. 32 May 17, 228. 04 15, 792.88 44, 146.65 77, 167. 57 June 27, 675. 41 27, 321.96 56, 150. 67 111, 148. 04 Total ... 177, 236. 22 69, 479. 82 168, 540. 97 415, 257. 01 CARE OF ROAD. The repairs of the 877 miles of road was continued from last year. The Nashville and Chattanooga line has been made new for its whole lengthcross-ties and T-iron substituted for the U-iron and string- ersso that from one of the worst and least available it has become one of the best under my control. Large additions have been made to the yard at Nashville, at Decherd, and Stevenson. Side-tracks to lumber yard, Government saw-mills, & c., have rendered the work of keeping all the different departments of the railroad service in efficient operation much easier. To complete and keep in repair the track upon this long line of road there has been purchased 777,879 cross-ties, 104,100 feet switch timber, and 38~ sets switch ties, the total cost of which, delivered upon the lines of road where needed, has been $414,727.15. During the year the number of tons of new iron has been 7,833.3. This has been distributed as follows: Tons. UpontheNaslivilleandOhattanoogaline 3,922.9 Tennessee and Alabama line 445.9 Edgefield and Kentucky line 113.4 Nashville and Northwestern 25.8 MemphisandCharleston 67.8 Yard, Nashville and Decherd 26.7 Shipped to Captain Starkweather, assistant quartermaster, for use below Chattanooga - 1,674.7 ShippedtoW.W.Wright 1,484.7 Shippedto Captain Parks, Memphis - 71.4 Total 7,833.3 CARE OF BRIDGES. On the Nashville and Decatur Railroad line 8,000 feet of trestle bridges have been constructed during the year. With the exception of the high trestle-work in Nashville, the high waters of 1864 carried out all the bridges once, and many of them twice; while in Hoods movements upon Nashville in December, 1864, they were destroyed by fire the same number of times. In addition to this temporary rebuilding of these bridges with trestle-work, 2,145 feet of bridges upon this line have been permanently built by contractorsPost, Skidmore & Co. and Boomer & Co.with Howes truss and McCallum bridges. NASHVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA. On the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad line 4,259 feet of bridges have been built in a temporary manner, yet intended to be permanent Page 89 UNION AUTHORITIES. 89 In September, 1864, Wheeler destroyed by fire bridge No. 7, 300 feet long. In December, in Hoods raid, bridges Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 were destroyed by fire, and these have been permanently rebuilt. By high water and the enemy the bridges named have been destroyed, some twice and some three times, and as often rebuilt. WATER-TANKS. On the Nashville and Decatur line nine water-tanks were con- structed complete. On the Nashville and Chattanooga line forty-five water-tanks were constructed. There has been laid nearly five miles of new water pipe to make the water stations complete. The exact figures are 24,660 feet. On the Chattanooga and Knoxville, Chatta- nooga and Atlanta, and Knoxville and Bristol lines twenty-five new and complete water stations have been built, and nine of these are fitted with water wheels, which render them self-acting and complete in every respect. On the Nashville and Chattanooga line near 115 miles of main line and side-tracks have been relaid with new ties, new iron, and ballast. CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS. The large machine, pattern, and repair shops alluded to in the last yearly report and the roundhouse for the large number of engines then projected have been completed during the year. R. H. Nagle, master carpenter, has built two machine-shops. a ,0 5 Kind of buildings. Length. Width. height. z Feet. Feet. 1 Machine.shop 195 88 2 stories. 1 do 80 65 Do. 1 Pattern shop 300 48 Do. 1 Blacksmith and boiler shop 450 62 1 story. 1 Roundhouse a27 b85 Do. I Carpenter shop 200 40 Do. 1 Tinshop 65 40 Do. 1 Copper shop 60 27 Do. 1 Store-house 150 35 Do. 1 do 175 36 Do. 8 Hospital buildings 705 201 Do. 1 Quaterinasters office 72 40 2 stories. 1 Office for auditor 56 20 Do. 1 Office master machinist 90 25 3 stories. I Office master ca~genter....:. 1 U. 5. printing 38 18 istory. . 45 36 2 stories. a Stalls. b Long. In addition to these buildings, sixty-nine mess-houses, fitted with bunks, benches, and tables for the comfort of the men employed, were erected. In addition to the various platforms along the line of the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad, and at Nashville, for the con- venient loading of freight and troops and animals, there were built at Decherd one roundhouse with twelve stalls 60 feet long; one black- smith shop 60 by 30 feet; one car shop 66 by 35 feet, besides fifteen buildings used as mess-houses, offices, and depot buildings, varying from 20 by 40 to 20 by 80 feet. In addition to these buildings all the desks, cases, & c., needed -by all the officers of the military railroads were constructed by this department. To complete this work ther Page 90 90 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. were used 4,216,203 feet of lumber; 1312 kegs of nails; 1,442 locks, with the hinges, screws, & c., to make th~ work complete. In addi- tion to the above work the carpenter force under Mr. Nagle has assisted in all emergencies in rebuilding bridges, getting out bridge and block-house timbers, & c., building 4,500 feet of bridges on the various lines, and hewing and preparing in the woods 1,000,519 feet of square timber suitable for bridges and buildings. The construc- tion of these buildings for offices and mess-houses and accommoda- tions for the men employed upon the railroad work was rendered indispensable by the impossibility of procuring any accommodations at all for the large number of men thus brought together in Nashville in the Government service. In the last annual report it was stated that until February, 1864, no provisions had been made for the repairs of cars. This department had to be created. Under the thorough and efficient supervision of George Herrick the necessary buildings were begun and completed which has rendered this one of the most perfect establishments in the country. The buildings so completed during the fiscal year are one car shop, 202 by 77 and 23 high, with skylights above the square throughout its whole length; one machine and blacksmith shop, 126 by 47 and 23 high, with skylights and blinds through its whole length. There is a wing to this shop 55 by 35 and 17 high with ventilator and boiler room attached, 35 by 18; one paint shop, 112 by 47 and 23 high, with skylights similar to those before men- tioned; one brick dry-house, 40 by 15 and 17 high, which has been partially rebuilt a second time; one coal house, 20 by 35 and 8 high; one iron store-house, 14 by 20 and 16 high; one house for oil, waste, and tools, 18 by 40 and 8 high; one building, 20 by 50, for storage of coke and sand; eight mess-houses, fitted with bunks and all complete for the men, have also been erected. This, as before stated, was indispensable, as no accoummodations could possibly be secured for the men. The necessary masonry, grading, and ballasting the grounds, yards, and track, through the repair-shop grounds, has been a large but necessary part of the work of preparing these shops for efficient service. At Decatur Junction houses and shops were erected suitable to work 100 men. During Hoods raid upon the city in December, 1864, these were all nearly destroyed by our own forces, and had to be replaced by this department. At Johusonville provision was made for shops, mess-houses, & c., to work twenty-five to forty men. At Taylor depot, cn Broad street, accommodations were provided to work twenty-five to fifty men. The shops at Chattanooga have been made efficient, an engine house erected, and other necessary improvements made. The same has been done at Knoxville and Stevenson. In the machine shop at Nashville 916 men have been employed on the average monthly during the fiscal year. During that year 5,571 orders have been filled for light repairs on engines, involving many hours work of skillful mechanics. Fifty-four engines were received in the shop for general repairs; three engines were completed that were being rebuilt. Ten thousand six hundred and ten days of common labor were performed in the shops and yards; 4,035 days of machinists labor were performed upon shops, tools, & c.; 1,914 on track and bridge repairs; 369 on setting up new engines, while 620 days of common labor was employed during the same time upon setting up new engines. In December 979 men worked twelve days upon the fortifications, while the city was threat- ened by General Hood. During the fiscal year the shops in Nashville have been entirely built. Two powerful engines, with all the shaft Page 91 UNION AUTHORITIES. 91 ing necessary to drive the tools used, have been set up. Room to house twenty-seven engines for repairs, erecting shop large enough to rebuild twenty engines, room to house forty-five engines, with pattern shops, blacksmith shops, carpenter shops, and offices in proportion all these have been made new and complete in every respect. The grading of the yards and assistance in erecting these structures has been done by the common laborers in the numbers above enumerated. CAR REPAIRS. The work accomplished in the car repair department has been large and thorough. Mr. Herrick perfected a wrecking car which enabled him to clear and pick up a wrecked train very speedily. This train has picked up 530 wrecked freight-cars and 16 wrecked engines since January 1, 1865, and brought them to Nashville for repairs. During the remainder of the fiscal year nearly as many more were also saved. During the same period this train has picked up and brought in from trains destroyed by fire, 294 car-loads of wheels, axles bridge irons and railroad iron along the lines of road centering in Nashville. Moat of these wrecks were caused by guerrillas placing obstructions upon the track or displacing rails. The car department has worked an average force of nearly 800 men per month during the year. This force, in addition to the buildings erected and completed during the fiscal year before described, have repaired and rebuilt during the last six months of the year at Nashville, Chattanooga, Huntsville, Steven- son, Johnsonville, and Clarksville, 13,429 cars, and during the first six months more than half as many more, making a total of 20,000 cars repaired, rebuilt, and fitted for hospital and troop cars during the year. The amount of material cast in the iron and brass foundry during the last six months of the year was 1,053,945 pounds iron castings, 46,139 pounds brass castings, making an average per mouth of 175,000 pounds of iron and 7,500 pounds of brass castings. This is too large an average for the whole fiscal year, though it is believed that 225,000 pounds of iron and 10,000 pounds of brass castings per month will not be too large. It is impossible to condense and specify the amount of work done upon the long lines of roads centering in Nashville so as to show what has actually been done. The emergen- cies of military service have often allowed no time for proper orders of transportation of troops, stores, refugees, prisoners, & c., to be issued, so that many hundred trains have been run and many thou- sands of troops and refugees carried for which we have no credit. The work has been done in the midst of war, running through a coun- try filled with enemies, so that the ordinary risks of railroad man- agement have been enormously increased and the expenses largely extended. But in the midst of all this danger the coolness, bravery, and daring of the men in every department, froni the highest official to the humblest laborers, have been worthy of praise. At the close of this fiscal year it gives me great pleasure to state that throughout the whole length of the lines of military railroads controlled and oper- ated by me there is every facility to perform well and efficiently every duty that may be required. The roads are in first-rate order, the bridges for the most part are permanent structures of the best description, and the water stations in perfect order. The amount of rolling-stock is sufficient for all work required, and in good order. The machine-shops and repair-shops are as complete as could be desired Page 92 92 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. I cannot close this imperfect and desultory report without express- ing my obligations to the following gentlemen for the zeal, fidelity, and intelligence with which they have co-operated with me on all occasions in their departments of duty: J. B. Van Dyne, assistant superintendent; George H. Hudson, superintendent; A. W. Dicker- son, W. R. Gifford, A. J. Cheeney, W. W. Tuttle and A. Watts, in the freight department; Col. John C. Meginnis, general engineer district; Stephen Hobbs, engine dispatcher; J. W. Wallace, engine dispatcher; John Trenbath, auditor; GeorgeHerrick, superintendent car repairs; R. H. NagIe, master carpenter; H. Elliott, master machinist; Messrs. Hebard, Nash, Lyman, Caryl, Craig, Gardiner, Jones, Kingsley, and Jenkins, in the road repair and bridge repairs. With F. J. Crilly, the efficient and gentlemanly chief quartermaster of military rail- roads, my relations have been most pleasant, while the co-opera- tion of Major-General Thomas, General Donaldson, and Capt. S. B. Brown has been always harmonious with the railroad authorities. All of which is respectfully submitted. W. J. STEVENS, Superintendent, & c. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 122~ Washington, July 8, 1865. REGIMENTAL OFFICERS OF VOLUNTEERS ON DETACHED SERVICE TO JOIN THEIR PROPER COMMANDS. I. With the exceptions hereinafter enumerated, the following is ordered: 1. All commissioned officers of volunteers, for both white and col- ored regiments or independent companies, now absent on detached service from their commands and not on duty within their proper armies or departments, will proceed forthwith to join their respective regiments and companies. 2. Hereafter no commissioned regimental officer of volunteers will be placed on duty or transferred thereon out of the army or depart- ment in which his regiment may be serving. The exceptions authorized under the foregoing are as follows: 1. Officers on duty mustering out and discharging the volunteer forces. 2. Aides-de-camp to general officers on duty commanding troops. 3. Officers on courts-martial or military commissions and those on duty in the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands under direct orders from the War Department, Adjutant-Generals Office. II. All enlisted men absent on detached service from their regi- ments or companies and outside the armies or departments in which the same may be serving will at once be sent to join their respective commands, unless they are absent therefrom by orders from the head- quarters of a military division or superior authority. III. Commanding generals of departments and armies are charged with the prompt execution of this order, and upon its provisions being fully complied with will report the fact to the Adjutant-General of the Army Page 93 UNION AUTHORITIES. 93 IV. No commissioned officer or enlisted man absent in violation of this order will be paid outside of the army or department in which his regiment or compaiiy may be serving. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 31. Washington, July 8, 1865. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER- TAIN VOLUNTEER WHITE TROOPS. Veterans in the Army of the Tennessee, and Provisional Corps, Army of the Potomac, and, thereafter, all remaining volunteers in the said commands. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, July 1, 1865. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Army of the Tennessee, Louisville, Ky.: The Secretary of War directs that the remaining veteran regiments of your command be mustered out under the same conditions and regulations as the 15,000 men ordered discharged by the telegraphic instructions from this office of the 22d instant. (See circular No. 28, current series.) Please acknowledge receipt of this and forward without delay a list of the .additional regiments, giving therein, for each, the strength, present and absent, respectively. THOMAS M. VIPJENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. CIRCULAR.] WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, July 1, 1865. Maj. Gen. H. G. WRIGHT, Commanding Provisional Corps, Army of the Potomac: The Secretary of War directs that all veteran regiments of your command be mustered out of service. The muster out will be by entire organizations, includ- ing all additions by recruits and from other sources. The musters out, dis- charges, and payments will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office. Please acknowledge receipt of this and forward without delay a list of the regiments, giving therein, for each, the strength, present and absent, respectively. THOMAS M. VINCENT. Assistant Adjutant-General. TELEGRAM.] HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNiTED STATES, Washington, July 6, 1865. Major-General LOGAN, Louisville, Ky.: Under the last order ~ ou may muster out of service all that remains of the Army of the Tennessee remaining under your command. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, July 7, 1865. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN Commanding Army of the Tennessee, Louisville, Ky.: In discharging the remainder of your army, as directed by the telegraphic orders of yesterday from Lieutenant-General Grant, the musters out, discharges, and payments will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, current Series, from this office Page 94 94 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments and inde- pendent companies to be discharged under the order, giving therein, for each, the strength, present and absent, respectively. So soon as the list is completed inform me by telegraph of the number, present and absent, for the respective States. Please acknowledge receipt of this. By order of the Secretary of War: THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, July 7, 1865. Maj. Gen. H. G. WRIGHT, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Provisional Corps: GENERAL: The Secretary of War directs that all the remaining volunteer troops of your command be mustered out of service. The mnsters out, discharges, and payments will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office. Please acknowledge the receipt of this and forward without delay a list of the organizations, giving therein, for each, the strength, present and absent, respectively. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. MEMORANDA.See General Orders, No. 116, of June 17, for the discharge of certain enlisted men of the Veteran Reserve Corps. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WASHINGTON, July 17, 1865. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Eighteenth and Delaney Place: Send staff officers to each, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Caro- lina, and direct the muster out of all cavalry that can be dispensed with, and the sale of their horses when dismounted. When it is nec- essary to retain cavalry for want of other troops, dismount them and have their horses sold, except the actual number of mounted men required. A few hundred mounted men in each State I would think the greatest abundance. Order also the muster out of all cavalry possible to dispense with in the other departments of your command. The horses to be turned over to quartermasters and reported to the Quartermaster-General. Request department commanders to report the number of men and horses disposed of under this order. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 33. Washington, July 18, 1865. REGULATIONS UNDER WHICH OFFICERS OF MUSTERED-OUT REGI MENTS CAN RECEIVE FINAL PAYMENTS. (Extracts from telegrams and cirdulars to chief mustering officers of 5tates.) I. Officers of mustered-out regiments can be paid on the certificate of the mustering officer that they have rendered all required returns and accounts, and on their affidavits that they are not indebted to the Government Page 95 UNION AUTHORITIES In the absence of other evidence (certificates or statements from the supply departments concerned, retained papers, & c.) relative to the rendition of the said papers, the War Department has authorized the affidavit of the mustered- out officer concerned to be received as evidence, and mustering officers can base thereon their certificates relative to the rendition of returns and accounts. II. Mustering officers are not required to examine accounts of officers and give them certificates of non-indebtedness. The settlement of accounts belongs to the Treasury Department. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 127. Washington, July 21, 1865. Ordered, That a bureau be organized in the Adjutant-Generals Office for the collection, safe-keeping, and publication of the rebel archives that have come into possession of this Government, the bureau to consist of one chief, with the pay of a colonel of cavalry, and one assistant, with the pay of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and such number of clerks, to be detailed by the Adjutant-General, as may be found necessary for the speedy collection of the archives. Dr. Francis Lieber is hereby appointed chief of said bureau, and the Quartermaster-General is directed to furnish suitable apartments and buildings for the collation and custody of the archives mentioned. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. [JULY 22, 1865.For General Grants official report covering oper- ations from March, 1864, to May, 1865, see Series I, Vol. XXXVI, Part I, p. 12.] CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 35. Washington, July 22, 1865. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER- TAIN VOLUNTEER CAVALRY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA, DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA, AND MIDDLE DEPARTMENT; ALSO CERTAIN VOLUNTEER INFANTRY AND ARTILLERY IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. I. Cavalry. TELEGRAM.] WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE Maj. Gen. A. H. TERRY, U. S. Volunteers, Washington, July 21, 1865. Commanding Department of Virginia, Richmond, Va.: The Secretary of War directs that the volunteer cavalry forces in your depart- ment be reduced to two regiments of maximum strength. The musters out of the surplus will be by entire regiments, and the said musters, discharges, and payments made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office Page 96 96 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments you may select for discharge under this order, giving therein for each the strength, present and absent, respectively. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. NoTE.Similar orders sent to the commanding general Department of North Carolina to reduce the cavalry in that department to one regiment, and to the commanding general Middle Department to reduce the cavalry in West Virginia to one regiment. II. Infantry and artillery (whose services are no longer needed) ordered mustered out under special instructions, of dates set opposite the organizations respectively: Peirnsylvania.Two hundred and second Infantry, July 20, Delaware.Ahls Independent Battery, July 20. Tennessee.Fourth Infantry, July 20, 1865. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT GENERALS OFFICE, No. 36. ~ Washington, July 26, 1866. By an act of the Legislature of the State of Minnesota, approved September 27, 1862, the right to vote for certain State officers is given to volunteers or soldiers from that State in the military service of the United States, and provision is made for the appointment of com- missioners to the regiments of Minnesota Volunteers for the purpose of carrying out this act. It is hereby ordered that all such duly accredited commissioners from Minnesota be furnished with proper facilities for visiting the volunteers from that State, and allowed access to them for the purpose indicated. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 39. ~ Washington, August 2, 1866. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER- TAIN VOLUNTEER WHITE TROOPS, VIZ, INFANTRY, CAVALRY, AND ARTILLERY, IN THE DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, AND ARTILLERY AND CAVALRY IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. I. Troops in Department of Texas. TELEGRAM.] WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, August 1, 1865. Maj. Gen. P. H. SHERIDAN, U. S. Army, Commanding Military Division of the Gulf, New Orleans, La.: You are authorized by the Secretary of War to cause all volunteer white troopscavalry, infantry, and artilleryserving in the Department of Texas, that you think can be dispensed with, to be mustered out of service. The musters out will be by entire organizations, including all additions thereto by recruits and from other sources. In selecting the organizations for discharge preference should ge given to veteran regiments having the shortest time to serve. The musters out, discharges, and payments will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office, except that officers and men who desire to receive their discharges and payments at the rendezvous where mustered out will be permitted to do so. Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments and inde- pendent companies you may select for discharge under this order, giving therei Page 97 UNION AUTHORITIES. 97 for each the strength, present and absent, respectively. So soon as the list is completed, inform me by telegraph of the number, present and absent, for the respective States. Separate lists of those who may desire to receive their discharges and payments at the rendezvous for muster out should be placed in the hands of the chief paymaster, so that he can at once make arrangements for payments. Acknowledge receipt of this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. II. Cavalry and artillery (whose services are no longer needed) ordered mustered out under special instructions, of dates set opposite the organizations respectively: New York.Seventh Artillery (Battalion), July 24, 1865; Second Provisional Cavalry, July 23, 1865. Pennsylvania.Second Provisional Cavalry, July 23, 1865; One hundred and eighty-seventh Infantry, July 24, 1865. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. STATE OF IOWA, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Col. T. M. VINCENT, August ~9, 1865. Assistant Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C.: COLONEL: I have the honor to transmit you exhibit of men fur- nished by Iowa for three-months term of service (4,816), for which as yet the State has not been allowed credit. All the men raised for the term of one and two years, except drafted and substitutes, have been heretofore reported on the regular monthly exhibits forwarded from this office. In addition to the 4,816 three-months men now reported, the State has furnished men for which no credit has been given, as follows: NotallowedonreportofJuly3o,1865 779 Not allowed reported trom this office from October 1, 1864, to May 20, 1865 172 Not allowedmen in Wisconsin regiments 100 NotallowedmeninDakotaregiments 16 Not yet reported to your office: Men in Illinois regiments 465 Men in Kansas regiments 186 MeninNebraska regiments 177 Total three-years men 1,895 Total two-years men embraced in reports of January, February, and March, 1864 5 One-years men reported from October 1, 1864, to May 20, 1865, not yet acknowledged _____ 7495 Equal to 2,397 three-years men not yet allowed. This statement is based on the assumption that all the men ackiiowledged by your Department were counted as for three-years term, and is exclusive of drafted men and substitutes, which class has not yet been repoi ted to this office by the acting assistant provost- marshal-general of the State. I have the honor to request that the necessary instructions may be issued directing such a report furnished with a view to completion of the records of this office and a final adjustment of quotas and credits. With great respect, I have the honor to be, truly, yours, N. B. BAKER, Adjutant- General of Iowa. 7 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 98 98 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. MEMORANDUM.] WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS O1FIcE, Washington, August 12, 1865. It has been decided that the men of the Signal Corps shall be con- sidered, as regards payment of balance of bounty, on the same footing as volunteers. They will therefore be entitled to receive the balance of bounty in the same way as volunteers under the recent orders for discharge on account of their services being no longer required. SAML. BRECK, Assistard A5~jutant- General. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 41. ~ Washington, August 15, 1865. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER- TAIN VOLUNTEER WHITE TROOPS. Infantry and heavy artillery in the Middle Department, and J)epart- ments of Washington, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Mississippi. Also certain infantry, cavalry, and artillery in various armies and departments. I. Infantry and heavy artillery in Middle and other departments. TELEGRAM. I WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFicE, Washington, August 14, 1865. Maj. Gen. A. H. TERRY, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Department of Virginia, Richmond, Va.: The Secretary of War directs that the volunteer white troopsinfantry and heavy artilleryin your department be reduced immediately by the discharge of 5 000 men. The musters out will be by entire organizations, including all addi- tions thereto by recruits and from other sources. Organizations having the shortest time to serve will be selected for discharge. The musters out, discharges, and payments will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office. Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments and independ- ent companies you may select for discharge under this order, giving therein for each the strength, present and absent, respectively. So soon as the list is completed inform me by telegraph of the number, present and absent, for the respective States. Acknowledge receipt of this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. NoTE.Similar orders, dated August 14, were sent the commanding generals of the following departments for the discharge of the number of men set opposite them, respectively, viz: Middle, 6,000; Washington, 8,000; Kentucky, 5,000; North Carolina, 8,000; Mississippi, 2,000. II. Regiments of infantry, cavalry, and artillery (whose services are no longer required) ordered mustered out of service under special instructions, of dates set opposite them respectively: New York. Fifteenth Heavy Artillery, August 8, 1865; Fifth Infantry, August 9, 1865; Sixty-second Infantry, August 14, 1865; Sixty-sixth Infantry, August 14, 1865. Pennsytvania.One Ilundred and eighty-sixth Infantry, August 8, 1865. Indiana.Ninth Cavalry, August 10, 1865; Tenth Cavalry, August 10, 1865. MEMORANDA.AThgU5t 3, 1865.The order of August 2 (Circular No. 39, current series, Adjutant-Generals Office), relative to discharg Page 99 UNION AUT!IORITIES. 99 of troops in the Department of Texas, was extended to include the Department of Louisiana. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CHATTANOOGA, TENN., August 15, 1865. Brig. Gen. D. C. MCCALLUM, Director and General Manager Military Railroads of the United States: GENERAL: In compliance with your order of the 31st ultimo, I here- with transmit a report of operations of the Construction Corps, U. S. Military Railroads, Division of the Tennessee, from June 1, 1865 (the date of my last report), to August 1, 1865. At the date of my former report we had an effective force of 1,200 men, composed of the First, Seventh, and part of the Fourth Divisions, all of whom were employed in the reconstruction of the Chattanooga and Atlanta Railroad, which had been opened at that time to the Etowah River. From thence to Atlanta, forty-five miles, the road had been totally destroyed by General Sherman prior to his evacuation of the city. Upon the completion of the bridge across the Etowah, three spans of which had been destroyed, the whole of the carpenter .force was dis- tributed along the line and employed in cutting and hauling out cross-ties. One division of trackmen were employed laying the iron, whilst another division was clearing off the debris and surfacing up track, thereby allowing the use of the road as fast as the iron was laid. I had at the same time a large force of the Seventh Division of track- men at Chattanooga straightening crooked rails, which were used exclusively in laying the track between Etowah to Marietta. We crossed the Etowah bridge June 5, having been four days rebuilding it, and reached Allatoona on the morning of the 15th. Upon reaching this point I sent the bridge force of the First Division ahead to Allatoona Creek, who by the time we reached it with the track had the bridge, 200 feet in length, including a truss of 50 feet, completed and ready for crossing. Reached Acworth on the 20th and turned the road over to the transportation department, who commenced operating it at once to that point. Again sent forward the carpenter force to Big Shanty and points south of it, and whilst a part were getting out ties another party commenced laying track northward, thus enabling us to close up the gap of six miles in four days, reach- ing the latter point on the 24th. Rebuilt water-tank and frame and put up a pump at Moon Station, two miles north of Big Shanty. Between Big Shanty and Marietta there was laid by colored troops, under the direction of General Winslow, commanding at Atlanta, about three miles of iron which they had gathered up and straight- ened. It was laid without chairs, and owing to the scarcity of spike only about one-fourth spiked. Put up a tank, frame, and pump at KenesawMountain, and reached Marietta on the 29th. From Marietta to Atlanta, which point we reached on the morning of July 4, the track had been laid, with the exception of about three miles, by parties under the direction of General Winslow. There was but little of it spiked, and few or no chairs on, excepting from the Chattahoochee to Atlanta. They also built the Chattahoochee bridge, a structure 725 feet in length and 90 feet in height, and a trestle 400 feet in length around a break in the high embankment near Vinings, caused by the destruction of a culvert. The expense incurred in building the Chattahoochee bridge, the trestle at Vinings, and laying som Page 100 100 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. eighteen miles of track, in addition to the labor of troops, was as follows: Cost of bridge, as per settlement of General Winslow with Grant & Co., builders, and approved by General Wilson: 725 feet (lineal) of bridging, at sit per foot $7, 975 Amount due for track laying, as per check rolls, approved as above 7,167 Amount of work done at culvert near Vinings, approved as above 528 Total amount 15,670 The above amount ($15,670) I think is justly chargeable to construc- tion, and would therefore respectfully recommend its payment. The work was done by order of Major-General Wilson, commanding Cavalry Corps in Georgia, and at a cost less perhaps than we could have done it ourselves, besides very materially expediting the com- pletion of the road. At Atlanta we have put down extensive side-tracks, amounting in the aggregate to over three miles, and have erected a large freight platform 400 feet in length by 30 in width, with a shed roof over part of it. Upon the completion of the road to Atlanta, and after having pnt the track in a thorough condition, I again commenced a reduc- tion of the corps, which at this date amounts to but little over 200 men. With the small bridge force retained, I am putting the Howe truss bridge, ordered for Allatoona Creek a year ago, and stored at Chattanooga, across the chasm in the bank, near Vinings, produced by the destruction of the culvert before alluded to. The break is upward of 100 feet in width and gradually increasing, and the trestle around it on so insecure a foundation I have thought it advisable to substitute it with a bridge. The balance of my track force are gathering up the crooked iron on the Chattanooga and Atlanta road. Below please find a recapitulation of work done in June and July, expenditure of material, amount of iron manufactured at rolling-mill, and amount of pay-rolls for June and July, exclusive of wages paid at rolling-mill. Summary of work done on the Chattanooga and Atlanta Railroad during June and July, 1865: 28 miles of track relaid; 41 miles of track surfaced and repaired; 525 feet (lineal) of bridging; 42,000 cross-ties cut and ilelivered; 3,000 cubic feet of timber cut; 5 water-tanks erected; 20 switches and frogs put in. Expenditure of material: 14,794 iron rails (20 feet long), 18,000 chairs, 1,140 kegs railroad spike, 60 kegs bridge spike, 20 frogs and switches, 5 water-tanks (complete), 3,000 cubic feet timber, 42,000 cross-ties. Cost of labor in June and July: Amount of pay-roll for June, $117,866.91; for July, $76,361. Report of iron manufactured at U.S. Military Railroad rolling-mill at Chattanooga, Tenn., up to July 31, 1865. Date. Articles. Manufac. Issued On hand. tured. Pounds. ToJnne 1, 1865 Iron ralis 2, 264, 320 ToJune30,i565 do 1,156,292 ToJuiv3l,i865 do 1,365100 Total 4, 785, 712 Pounds. Pounds. 916,026 1,348,294 2,504,586 28,492 3,841,194 944,518 Tons. Manufactured to date 2, 136 Issued to date 421 On hand to date 1,71 Page 101 UNION AUTHORITIES. 101 Plans and drawings of the rolling-mill, with an estimate of its cost, were forwarded to A. Anderson, esq., chief superintendent and engineer, ten days ago. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. H. EICHOLTZ, Acting Chief Ertgineer Government Railroads Division of the Tennessee. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., August 21, 1866. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith letter of Brevet Major- General Webster, dated July 23, 1865, referred for report. The Quartermaster-General is fully impressed with the importance of restoring the Southern railroads to civil control. Paragraph II, General Orders, No. 77, War Department, April 28, 1865, directed that all purchases for railroad construction and transportation be stopped. This paragraph the Quartermaster-General republished in his Gen- eral Orders, No. 24, April 29, 1865, calling special attention thereto, and directed (paragraph VI) that all railroad construction and repairs, except those needed on lines by which troops are still supplied or by which troops may be marching, will cease. The Quartermaster-General, on the 19th of May, 1865, made report recommending a basis for transfer of railroads to their owners, and in this report anticipated most of the considerations presented by General Webster. Reference is respectfully made to that report. * Orders have been given to the general manager U. S. Military Rail- roads for the relinquishment of the railroads under his control in Virginia and North Carolina and in the Southwest; and on the 1st of August, 1865, a recommendation was forwarded to the War Depart- ment that two roads, reported by General MeCalluin as the only ones in his control of which the transfer had not been ordered, should be also ordered to be turned over. The railroads in the Military Division of the Gulf not having beeii under control of General MeCallum, the chief quartermaster of that division has been instructed to turn these over to parties approved by the general commanding. Orders, therefore, have been given for the transfer to their com- panies of all railroads in military possession as soon as parties quali- fied and willing to assume charge of them present themselves. Specific instructions from the Secretary of War or from the lieutenant-general to the military commanders of departments and districts urging upon them the importance of transferring all these railroads to their civil managers, and directing them to communicate with the civil authorities and endeavor to effect this transfer in all cases, would probably hasten the event. Upon return from a short absence on duty in Missouri the Quarter- master-General found that the great lines of railroads diverging from Nashville, though ordered to be turned over under authority of the Secretary of War dated July 21, 1865, were still under Government control, and he is informed that no responsible parties have as yet See p. 26 Page 102 102 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. qualified themselves to take charge of them. Probably Major-General rrhomas, if his attention is directed to the urgent importance of the subject by the Secretary of War or by the lieutenant-general, may be able to induce the representatives of the owners of the roads to qualify themselves to take charge of them. Schedules of all rolling-stock and railroad equipment the property of the United States are being prepared with a view to their sale. The sale of much railroad property in Virginia and at several other points has been already advertised. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General, Brevet Mc~jor- General. [Inclosure.I MACON, GA., July 28, 1866. Lient. Gen. U. S. GRANT, Gomdg. Armies of the United States, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: I deem it my duty to earnestly recommend that the railroads now operated by the United States be turned over to their respective companies so soon as (1) those companies shall elect offi- cers and directors who can be relied on as thoroughly loyal to the Government, and (2) the accounts between the railroads and the Government can be properly adjusted. Although, as I have heretofore said, the roads might be economic- ally and advantageously operated by the Government, it is yet not likely that, as a matter of fact, they will be so operated, and conse- quently they should be given up at the earliest moment that the two above specified conditions can be fulfilled. In the meantime, the United States ought not to be at the expense of putting the roads in thorough repair merely for the benefit of the companies. All work on track or bridgeA beyond what is absolutely necessary for the safety of trains should be discontinued. All repairs to locomotives and cars to which the companies have any claim should be stopped at once, as should also the running of the rolling-mill at Chattanooga. The proper adjustment of accounts between the Government and the roads will require a good deal of consideration. Some of the roads have been put by the Government in a much better condition than they were before it took possession. It will not be right to give them, without pay, the advantage of thorough repairs, new iron, permanent bridges, & c. If they claim compensation for the use of their roads, it is sufficient to answer that in the early stages of the war they voluntarily and zealously aided the enemy, furnishing them not only with the great interior lines~~ of communication and supply, of which all have heard so much, but with knowing heads and ready hands to operate them. Their able railroad men were of more serv- ice to the rebels than many of their general officers. No claim of theirs for pay or damages should be entertained a moment. It is only necessary to find out how much they are fairly indebted to the United States. To do this, the disbursing officers should be called on for reports of expenditures for permanent improvements. Of course it will be necessary, previous to relinquishing the roads, to make agreements as to future transportation of troops and sup- plies, mails, and such other matters as the convenience of the Gov- ernment may require Page 103 UNION AUTHORITiES. 103 The points herein noticed may have been already fully considered and decided upon, but as they are included in the letter of my instructions for my present duty, I make the suggestions, with a strong impression of the importance of early action in the matter. I am, very respectfully, general, your most obedient servant, J. D. WEBSTER, Brevet Major- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 137. Washington, August 21, 1865. The following proclamations of the President of the United States in relation to restrictions on trade are published for the information and guidance of all concerned: I. August 29, 1865.Removing restrictions on articles contraband of war. By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES or AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, by my proclamations of the thirteenth and twenty-fourth of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, removing restrictions, in part, upon internal, domestic, and coastwiso intercourse and trade with those States recently declared in insurrection, certain articles were excepted from the effect of said proclamations as contraband of war; and whereas, the necessity for restricting trade in said articles has now, in a great measure, ceased: It is hereby ordered that on and after the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, all restrictions aforesaid be removed, so that the articles declared by the said proc- lamations to be contraband of war may be imported into and sold in said States, subject only to such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this twenty-ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth [ninetieth]. [L. S.] ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. II. June 13, 1865.Removing restrictions on trade east of the Mississippi River, and declaring insurrection suppressed in Tennessee, and certain disabilities in that State removed. By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, by my proclamation of the twenty-ninth of April~one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, all restrictions upon internal, domestic, and colnmercial intercourse, with certain exceptions therein specified and set forth, were removed in such parts of the States of Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro- lina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and so much of Louisiana as lies east of the Mississippi River as shall be embraced within the lines of natlonal luilitary occupation; And whereas, by my proclamation of the twenty-second of May, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, for reasons therein given, it was declared that cer- tain ports of the United States which had been previously closed against foreign commerce should, with 2ertain specified exceptions, be reopened to such com- merce on and after the first day of July next, subject to the laws of the United States, and in pursuance of such regulations as might be prescribed by the Secre- tary of the Treasury; And whereas, I am satifactorily informed that dangerous combinations against the laws of the United States no longer exist within the State of Tennessee; that the insurrection heretofore existing within said State has been suppressed~ that within * Executive order; see p. 105 Page 104 104 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. the boundaries thereof the authority of the United States is undisputed, and that such officers of the United States as have been duly commissioned are in the undisturbed exercise of their official functions: Now, therefore, be it known, that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby declare that all restrictions upon internal, domestic, and coast- wise intercourse and trade, and upon the removal of products of States hereto- fore declared in insurrection, reserving and excepting only those relating to contraband of war, as hereinafter recited, and also those which relate to the res- ervation of the rights of the United States to property purchased in the territory of an enemy, heretofore imposed in the territory of the United States east of the Mississippi River, are annulled, and I do hereby direct that they be forthwith removed; and that, on and after the first day of July next, all restrictions upon foreign commerce with said ports, with the exception and reservation aforesaid, be likewise removed; and that the commerce of said States shall be conducted under the supervision of the regularly appointed officers of the customs provided by law; and such officers of the customs shall receive any captured and aban- doned property that may be turned over to them, under the law, by the military or naval forces of the United States, and dispose of such property as shall be directed by the Secretary of the Treasury. The following articles contraband of war are excepted from the effect of this proclamation: Arms, ammunition, all articles from which ammunition is made, and gray uniforms and cloth. And I hereby also proclaim and declare that the insurrection, so far as it relates to and within the State of Tennessee, and the inhabitants of the said State of Tennessee as recognized and constituted under their recently adopted constitu- tion and reorganization, and accepted by them, is suppressed; and therefore, also, that all the disabilities and disqualifications attaching to said State and the inhabitants thereof consequent upon any proclamations issued by virtue of the fifth section of the act entitled An act further to provide for the collection of duties on imports, and for other purposes, approved the thirteenth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, are removed. But nothing herein contained shall be considered or construed as in any wise changing or impairing any of the penalties and forfeitures for treason heretofore incurred under the laws of the United States, or any of the provisions, restric- tions, or disabilities set forth in my proclamation bearing date the twenty-ninth day of May, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, or as impairing existing regulations for the suspension of the habeas corpus, and the exercise of military law in cases where it shall be necessary for the general public safety and welfare during the existing insurrection; nor shall this proclamation affect, or in any way impair, any laws heretofore passed by Congress, and duly approved by the President, or any proclamations or orders issued by him during the aforesaid insurrection, abolishing slavery, or in any way affecting the relations of slavery, whether of persons or [of] property; but, on the contrary, all such laws and proc- lamations heretofore made or issued are expressly saved and declared to be in full force and virtue. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth. [L.s.J ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: WILLIAM H. SEWARD Secretary of State. III. June 14, 1865.Removing restrictions on trade west of the Mississippi River. By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, it has been the desire of the General Government of the United States to restore unrestricted commercial intercourse between and in the several States, as soon as the same could be safely done in view of resistance to the authority of the United States by combinations of armed insurgents; And whereas, that desire has been shown in my proclamations of the twenty- ninth of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five; the thirteenth of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five; and the twenty-third of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five; And whereas, it now seems expedient and proper to remove restrictions upo Page 105 UNION AUTHORITIES. 105 internal, domestic, and coastwise trade and commercial intercourse between and within the States and Territories west of the Mississippi River: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby declare that all restrictions upon internal, domestic, and coast- wise intercourse and trade, and upon the purchase and removal of products of States and parts of States and Territories heretofore declared in insurrection, lying west of the Mississippi River (excepting only those relating to property heretofore purchased by the agents or captured by or surrendered to the forces of the United States, and to the transportation thereto or therein, on private account, of arms, ammunition, all articles from which ammunition is made, gray uniforms and gray cloth), are annulled, and I do hereby direct that they be forthwith removed; and also, that the commerce of such States and parts of States shall be conducted under the supervision of the regularly appointed offi- cers of the customs, [who] shall receive any captured and abandoned property that may be turned over to them, under the law, by the military or naval forces of the United States, and dispose of the same in accordance with instructions on the subject issued by the Secretary of the Treasury. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth. [L.s.] ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. IV. April 29, 1865.Executive order removing restrictions on trade, except in articles contraband of war, in certain States. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, Washington, April 29, 1865. Being desirous to relieve all loyal citizens and well-disposed persons residing in insurrectionary States from unnecessary commercial restrictions, and to encourage them to return to peaceful pursuits, it is hereby ordered: I. That all restrictions upon internal, domestic, and coastwise commercial inter- course be discontinued in such parts of the States of Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and so much of Louisiana as lies east of the Mississippi River as shall be embraced within the lines of national military occupation, excepting only such restrictions as are imposed by acts of Congress and regulations in pursuance thereof, prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury and approved by the President, and excepting also from the effect of this order the following articles contraband of war, to wit, arms, ammunition, all articles from which ammunition is manufactured, gray uniforms and cloth, locomotives, cars, railroad iron, and machinery for operating railroads, telegraph wires, insulators, and instruments for operating telegraph lines. II. All existing military and naval orders in any manner restricting internal, domestic, and coastwise commercial intercourse and trade with or in the locali- ties above named be, and the same are hereby, revoked; and that no military or naval officer in any manner interrupt or interfere with the same, or with any boats or other vessels engaged therein, under proper authority, pursuant to the regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury. ANDREW JOHNSON. V. May 22, 1865.Reopening of ports, except four in Texas, disallowing bel ligerent rights in certain cases, and removing certain restrictions on trade. B~ THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, by the proclamation of the President of the eleventh day of April last, certain ports of the United States therein specified, which had previously been subject to blockade, were, for objects of public safety, declared, in con- formity with previous special legislation of Congress, to be closed against foreign commerce during the national will, to be thereafter expressed and made known by the President; and whereas, events and circumstances have since occurre Page 106 106 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. which in my judgment render it expedient to remove that restriction, except as to the ports of Galveston, La Salle, Brazos de Santiago (Point Isabel), and Brownsville, in the State of Texas: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby declare that the ports aforesaid, not excepted as above, shall be open to foreign commerce from and after the first day of July next; that com- mercial intercourse with the said ports may from that time be carried on subject to the laws of the United States, and in pursuance of such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. If, however, any vessel from a foreign port shall enter any of the before-named excepted ports in the State of Texas, she will continue to be held liable to the penalties prescribed by the act of Congress approved on the thirteenth day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, and the persons on board of her to such penalties as may be incurred, pursuant to the laws of war, for trading or attempting to trade with an enemy. And I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby declare and make known that the United States of America do, henceforth, disallow to all persons trading, or attempting to trade, in any ports of the United States in violation of the laws thereof, all pretense of belligerent rights and privileges; and I give notice that, from the date of this proclamation, all such offenders will be held and dealt with as pirates. It is also ordered that all restrictions upon trade heretofore imposed in the territory of the United States east of the Mississippi River, save those relating to contraband of war, to the reservation of the rights of the United States to prop- erty purchased in the territory of an enemy, and to the twenty-five per cent. upon purchases of cotton, be removed. All provisions of the internal revenue law will be carried into effect under the proper officers. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth. [L.s.] ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. VI. June 23, 1865.Rescinding the blockade as to all ports of the United States, including that of Galveston. By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, by the proclamations of the President of the nineteenth and twenty- seventh of April, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, a blockade of certain ports of the United States was set on foot; but whereas, the reasons for that measure have ceased to exist: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby declare and proclaim the blockade aforesaid to be rescinded as to all the ports aforesaid, including that of Galveston and other ports west of the Mississippi River, which ports will be open to foreign commerce on the first of July next, on the terms and conditions set forth in my proclamation of the twenty-second of May last. It is to be understood, however, that the blockade thus rescinded was an inter- national measure for the purpose of protecting the sovereign rights of the United States. The greater or less subversion of civil authority in the region to which it applied, and the impracticability of at once restoring that in due efficiency, may, for a season, make it advisable to employ the Army and Navy of the United States toward carrying the laws into effect, wherever such employment may be necessary. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this twenty-third day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth. [L. s.] ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State Page 107 UNION AUTHORITIES. 107 VII. April 11, 1865.Closing certain ports. By THb PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, by my proclamations of the nineteenth and twenty-seventh days of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, the ports of the United States in the States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas were declared to be subject to blockade; but whereas, the said blockade has, in consequence of actual military occupation by this Government, since been conditionally set aside or relaxed in respect to the ports of Norfolk and Alexandria, in the State of Virginia; Beau- fort, in the State of North Carolina; Port Royal, in the State of South Carolina; Pensacola and Fernandina, in the State of Florida, and New Orleans, in the State of Louisiana; And whereas, by the fourth section of the act of Congress approved on the thir- teenth of July. eighteen hundred and sixty-one, entitled An act further to pro- vide for the collection of duties on imports, and for other purposes, the President, for the reasons therein set forth, is authorized to close certain ports of entry: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do hereby proclaim that the ports of Richmond, Tappahannock, Cherry- stone, Yorktown, and Petersburg, in Virginia; of Camden (Elizabeth City), Eden- ton, Plymouth, Washington, New Berne, Ocracoke, and Wilmington, in North Carolina: of Charleston, Georgetown, and Beaufort, in South Carolina; of Savan- nah, Saint Mary~s, and Brunswick (Darien), in Georgia; of Mobile, in Alabama; of Pearl River (Shieldsborough), Natchez, and Vicksburg, in Mississippi; of Saint Augustine, Key West, Saint Marks (Port Leon), Saint Johns (Jacksonville), and Apalachicola, in Florida; of Teche (Franklin), in Louisiana; of Galveston, La Salle, Brazos de Santiago (Point Isabel), and Brownsville, in Texas, are hereby closed, and all right of importation, warehousing, and other privileges shall, in respect to the ports aforesaid, cease, until they shall have again been opened by order of the President; and if, while said ports are so closed, any ship or vessel from beyond the United States, or having on board any articles subject to duties, shall attempt to enter any such ports, the same, together with its tackle, apparel, furniture, and cargo, shall be forfeited to the United States. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth. [L.s.] ABRAHAM LINCOLN. By the President: WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. VIII. April 11, 1865.Port of Key West to remain open. By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, by my proclamation of this date the port of Key West, in the State of Florida, was inadvertently included among those which are not open to commerce: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do hereby declare and make known that the said port of Key We~t is and shall remain open to foreign and domestic commerce upon the same conditions b which that commerce has there hitherto been governed. y In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth. [L. S.] ABRAHAM LINCOLN. By the President: WILLIAM H. SEWARD, By order of the Secretary of War: Secretary of State. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant A5~jutant- General Page 108 108 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. CIRCULAR~ ~~AR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 44. Washington, September 9, 1865. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER- TAIN VOLUNTEERS, VIZ, ORGANIZATIONS OF COLORED TROOPS ENLISTED IN NORTHER~ STATES, AND CERTAIN WHITE TROOPS IN VARIOUS ARMIES AND DEPARTMENTS. I. Organizations of colored troops enlisted in Nortliern States. TELEGRAM.] WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, September 8, 1865. COMMANDING GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA, Raleigh, N. C.: The Secretary of War directs that all organizations of colored troops in your department which were enlisted in the Northern States be mustered out of service immediately. The musters out will be by entire organizations, including all additions thereto by recruits and from other sources. The musters out, dis- charges, and payments will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office. Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments and independ- ent companies to be discharged under this order, giving therein for each the strength, present and absent, respectively. Acknowledge receipt of this. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. NoTE.Orders similar to the foregoing, dated September 8, were sent to the commanding generals of the Departments of Virginia, Florida, Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas. II. White troops in Various departmentsservices no longer required. MEMORANDA. 1. August 21, 1865.Major-General Reynolds, commanding Depart- ment of Arkansas, was directed to muster out 3,000 additional troops of his command. 2. August 24, 1865.Major-General Hooker, commanding the De- partment of the East, was directed to cause the two remaining Jude- pendent companies, Maine Coast Guards, to be mustered out. 3. September 1, 1865.Major-General Hooker was directed to relieve from duty for muster out Companies A and B, New hampshire Heavy Artillery, and Company D, First Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 4. September 8, 1865.Major-General Augur, commanding Depart- ment of Washington, was ordered to reduce the volunteer force in his command to 6,000 commissioned officers and enlisted men, of all arms. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPT., PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. U., September 11, 1865. [Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War:] Under the general orders of the War Department I, sometime since, discharged all the employ6s in the different districts who could be spared, so that now there is in a district only a provost-marshal and one clerk, and they are engaged in closing up old business. Som Page 109 UNION AUTHORITIES. 109 districts have been consolidated, and one provost-marshal is acting for two or more consolidated districts. The arrest of deserters by this Bureau cannot therefore be effected, unless it is deemed best by the Secretary of War to order that provost-marshals employ and pay suitable persons for that purpose, or that a reward be allowed for the arrest and delivery of deserters to provost-marshals, the reward being made large enough to induce outsiders to engage in the business. Section 21 of the act approved March 3, 1865, is as follows: SEc. 21. And be it further enacted, That, in addition to the other lawful penal- ties of the crime of desertion from the military or naval service, all persons who have deserted the military or naval service of the United States, who shall not return to said service, or report themselves to a provost-marshal, within sixty days after the proclamation hereinafter mentioned, shall be deemed and taken to have voluntarily relinquished and forfeited their rights of citizenship and their rights to become citizens; and such deserters shall be forever incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the United States, or of exercising any Tights of cit- izens thereof; and all persons who shall hereafter desert the military or naval service, and all persons who, being duly enrolled, shall depart the jurisdiction of the district in which he is enrolled, or go beyond the limits of the United States, with intent to avoid any draft into the military or naval service, duly ordered, shall be liable to the penalties of this section. And the President is hereby authorized and required forthwith, on the passage of this act, to issue his proclama- tion setting forth the provisions of this section, in which proclamation the Presi- dent is requested to notify all deserters returning within sixty days as aforesaid, that they shall be pardoned on condition of returning to their regiments and companies, or to such other organization as they may be assigned to, until they shall have served for a period of time equal to their original term of enlistment. To make this law operative the fact of desertion should be estab- lished and announced in each case, if possible. The nudertaking, however, would be one of magnitude. Two hundred and sixty thou- sand three hundred and thirty-nine men have been reported to this office as deserters from the Army. I estimate that 25 per cent. of these are not deserters in fact, but are men who became absentees uninten- tionally or unavoidably, and afterward returned to duty. Adopting this estimate, the total number of desertions appears to be 195,255 from the ranks of the Army. Seventy-six thousand two hundred and fifty-three deserters have been arrested by this Bureau, as required by the seventh section of the enrollment act, approved March 3, 1863, which is still in force and is as follows: SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the provost- marshals to arrest all deserters, whether regular, volunteer, militiamen, or per- sons called into the service under this or any other act of Congress, wherever they may be found, and to send them to the nearest military commission or mil- itary post. Only 1,755 deserters surrendered themselves under the Presidents proclamation of March 11, 1865, offering pardon to all who would return to duty. There are therefore still at large 117,247 deserters from the ranks of the Army. This number does not include the non- reporting drafted men, who are deemed deserters by the law; of this class there are, by the reports, 161,286. It may be estimated that 30 per cent. of these are excusable, some having entered the service after having been drafted, others were absent at sea, and for various other causes the absence of many was unavoidable and excusable. Making the reduction of 30 per cent. gives 112,901 as the number of non- reporting drafted men who are deemed deserters, which, added to the number of deserters from the ranks, makes the total number of deserters still at large 230,148. JAMES B. FRY, Provost -Mars hal- General Page 110 110 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. [Inclosure.] Colonel John Ely, acting assistant provost-marshal-general, Tren- ton, N. J., May 27, 1865, refers for instructions a communication from Capt. William M. Shipman, provost-marshal Third District of New Jersey, stating that many men drafted in his district in May and July, 1864, who fled to Canada and other parts unknown after being drafted, are now returning home, much to the dissatisfaction of the loyal portion of the commuiiity. Desires to know if they are to be arrested as deserters, and if so, what means are to be taken to secure their arrest, as he has no officers and no authority to employ any, and no guards to send in charge of them should they be arrested by citizens. F. C. Reed, of Clyde, Wayne County, New York, July 31, 1865, states that the citizens of that section of country are apprehensive that their private property is insecure from the large number of sneaks and deserters who have recently come among them, and who threaten the good order of the community. He desires to know the status of this class of persons, and if they are subject to arrest as deserters. If they are, he asks for the appoinment of a suitable per- son to apprehend and deliver them to the proper authorities. Bvt. Lieut. Col. R. I. Dodge, acting assistant provost-marshal-gen- eral for New York City, N. Y., August 2, 1865, recommends that the usual reward of $30 be paid for the apprehension and delivery of all deserters from the Regular Army to the proper officers, as there are large numbers of these deserters who show themselves with impunity in New York and Brooklyn, relying upon the absence of reward to secure them from arrest. Bvt. Lieut. Col. R. M. Littler, acting assistant provost-marshal-gen- eral for Maine, August 12, 1865, forwards a communication from Capt. Elijah Low, provost-marshal, Fourth District of Maine, representing that his district is overrun with deserters from the Army and draft; that they are insolent and abusive to soldiers who have endured the hardships and perils of war, and many of whom are crippled by wounds or disease and are entitled to protection. He fears that as the only disability put upon deserters is disfranchisement by the United States Government, and as each State regulates the qualifica- tion of its own voters, they will have the right to vote under existing State laws. He asks permission to appoint suitable persons as dep- uty marshals to assist in executing the laws in his district. Colonel Littler states that the same complaints of deserters return- ing and taunting soldiers who have lost limbs in service are made from all parts of the State, but are more numerous from the Fourth and Fifth Districts, and asks instructions as to committing deserters and payment of expenses. The majority of those lately arrested have been discharged by orders from headquarters Department of the East, with forfeiture of pay and allowances. Stephen Miller, Governor of Minnesota, August 19, 1865, states that he learns from good citizens that many of the poltroons who fled from Minnesota to Canada and elsewhere either prior to or immedi- ately subsequent to the draft to avoid military duty are now return- ing, and as they should in some way be held to a strict accountability for their infamous conduct, he hopes the War Department will take the matter in hand, as the laws of Minnesota make no provision for their punishment. Brig. Gen. E. W. Hunks, Harrisburg, Pa., June 9, 1865, refers com- munication frommi pro yost-marshal Eighteenth District, Pa., represent Page 111 UNION AUTHORITIES. 111 ing that a large number of deserters who had previously absconded are now returning; requests to be informed if it is the desire of the Government to make special efforts for the arrest of deserters. Lieut. Col. William N. Grier, Harrisburg, Pa., July 3, 1865, refers communication from provost-marshal Twentieth District, Pa., in reference to the number of deserters at large, and his inability, under the present arrangements, to arrest them. Lieut. Col. William N. Grier, acting assistant provost-marshal- general for Harrisburg, Pa., August 24, 1865, forwards a communica- tion from Capt. J. W. Kirker, provost-marshal Twenty-third District of Pennsylvania, who suggests the propriety of restoring the reward for the arrest of deserters and non-reporting drafted men, so that the assistance of civil officers and citizens may be obtained to apprehend and arrest this class of criminals, the deputy provost-marshals and special officers having been discharged. Bvt. Brig. Gen. James Oakes, acting assistant provost-marshal- general for Illinois, forwards for instructions a communication from Capt. William H. Collins, provost-marshal Twelfth District of Illinois, who states that a number of deserters from the Army and the draft are reported to be within the limits of his district. Under existing arrangements, without guards, or rewards to secure the co-operation of citizens, he is powerless to make arrests, although good men inform him in regard to this class of persons, and asks that the Government punish them, in justice to those who have not evaded service; suggests that measures be taken to make the records of his offices permanently accessible to every county in the district, to prevent deserters from voting, and requests information on this point from the proper author- ities. General Oakes says the preparation of a record of deserters for each county, as suggested by Captain Collins, would, if possible to be done ~tt all with sufficient fullness and accuracy as to be of practical value for the purpose designated, be a work requiring much time and labor. He suggests that printed lists of deserters be prepared from the records of each district. Lieut. Col. Charles S. Lovell, Madison, Wis., May 6, 1865, refers communication relative to the state of affairs in the town of Benton, Lafayette County, which is infested with disloyal men and returned deserters. The provost-marshal Third District of Wisconsin says the town has been in open rebellion against the Government since the war broke out, and that this is the second time he has been called upon for aid, but is unable to do anything in the matter, owing to the discharge of the special officers. Brig. Gen. T. G. Pitcher, Indianapolis, md., July 3, 1865, refers communication with regard to returning deserters from the draft, and asks if it is desirable to arm~est them; if so, suggests that provost- marshal be authorized to employ one deputy special agent for that purpose. Brig. Gen. T. G. Pitcher, Indianapolis, md., July 20, 1865, refers for instructions communication from provost-marshal Sixth District of Indiana, stating that several deserters from the draft have returned from Canada, and asking if he shall arrest them, and if so, what dis- position shall be made of them. Bvt. Maj. William Silvey, Concord, N. H., May 31, 1865, says he is almost daily receiving information concerning the presence, in various places in the State, of deserters, and having no deputies or special agents, desires to know in what manner the arrest of these men is to be accomplished Page 112 112 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Col. James A. Wilcox, Columbus, Ohio, August 5, 1865: Relative to arresting deserters from the draft, their assignment, and urging that some reasonable reward be allowed to facilitate arrests. * * * Maj. George E. Scott, Veteran Reserve Corps, August 28, 1865, for- wards an extract from the report of Capt. A. D. Bean, provost-marshal Fifth District of Maine, of August 20, recommending that a list of absentees and deserters from the several drafts be furnished to the municipal authorities of the towns in his district for the purpose of enforcing the provisions of section 21 of act of Congress approved March 3, 1865, disfranchising deserters. Exhibit of volunteers and militia mustered into the U. S. service from November 1, 1864, to April 13, 1865, the date when recruiting of troops by voluntary en- listments was stopped. State. New organizatious. 3-years. a a n a H 0 Connecticut Delaware.~~~ Illinois { r i:::::: Indiana Iowa Kansas { Kentucky.... { 3 2L~ 159 Maine { 535 Massachusetts ~ 391 Michigan.... ~ 3 Minnesota 2 Missouri 117, New Hampshire { 2~ J New Jersey New York { 2,862 K...... Ohio f 1 ~ 26 Pennsylvania { 9 10 Rhode Island 4:::::: Verinout {:z West virginia Wisconsin {:::::~ iDistrictofColumbiaJ{ .: 3,457 175 Gi~and total ..i{ 4,370 97 58 6 255 144 3 313 154 2-years. 10 519 53 31 51 10 3, a a 0 1.year. S H 1 8 351 2 2 3 14,062 13,781 93 1,857 2,373 23 209 1,492 869 647 101 2, 123 2 16 40 1, 750 14,478 690 3, 997 85 I 23 6, 831 2 522 4 970 506 3 64,576 czUp to March 31,1865. a 0 12 5 1,189 3 60 1,278 21 807 7 515 201 7 1, 54 Page 113 UNION AUTHORITIES. 113 Exhibit of volunteers and militia mustered into the U. S. service, & c.Continued. Old regiments. Unassigned. 3-years. 2-years. 1-year. Total State. _____________ by States. +~ a a a a a ~ -~ - __________ Z a ___________ Q Connecticut { 696 374 3 1,488 293 17 16 1.. Delaware 89 15 105 Illinois ~ 14 1 11 282 74 29 X 23,426 89 116 3 14 12 1 4,718 3,573 242 f S Indiana 245 .... 37 2 2,484 218 336 71 230 ~ 17,375 Iowa If 1 26 869 2 1 1 5.~. 493 321 14......~ I Kan~as If 2 1 62 Kentucky {::::::. ~ 8,097 ( 11 1 3 Maine 13~ 17 12 2 2 1 918 39 50 821.....} 4,216 Maryland ~( 32 2 136 ..~ 1522 7 166 790 50 6 Massachusetts { 828 ....~ } 5, 365 4i0 359 10 3 4 305 173 356 Michigan f 68 6, 006 i64 53 6 2.... 3,052 1,770 8 ~ Minnesota I.-- 9 ~. 2,362 1 2.... 195 209 101......~ f Missouri { ~ .--. 132 b6184 7i5 34 10 2 254 25 38 77 2,466 f New Hampshire 931 252 101 47 1 339 112 37 .1 ( 36 82 NewJersey 529 25 3 4 1 1 2,081 42 4 } 2,824 NewYork 128 16 16 40 ... 2 ~ 13, 629 2,897 1,708 292 80 54 21 1,759 971 176 2 97 Ohio ~ 3 1 282 503 59 18 72 6 1 2,292 2,095 127 21 9 ~ 20,014 Pennsylvania 1 81 137 { 453 }18,3 23 4 - 13 .... 4,327 2,522 76 3,086 2,498 06 RhodeIsland { 81 39 ~ 5 4 3 240 167 344 1,074 1 3...... 5 Vermont 107139 5 4 2 635 8 5...::. } 1,012 West Virginia f 4 29 \ 4 12 4 877 650 2 1,583 {i9 :::.:::..1 935 236 6 Wisconsin :::. -- 28 } 8,620 20 District of Columhiaa{ ~ :::::: : -~ :::::: } 40 Grand total.... 346 I 19 1,408 82 ...... 845 23 6,368 4,132 1,185 371 135 36 26,816 13,335 1,830 3,909 5,334 j445~5 a Up to March 31, 1865. b 636 infantry and 20 cavalry for 20 months not included. [NOTE. The first line of figures inclosed in braces indicates colored troops; the second line repre- sents white troops. In the original the figures for colored troops appear in red ink.] RECAPITULATION. White. Colored. Total. Aggre- gate. New: Three-years 4, 621 3, 945 8, 566 Two-years 509 526 1,035 77, 976 One-year 67, 398 977 68, 375 Old: Three-years 11,685 414 12, 099 Two-years S42 32 S74 S6, 293 One-year 42,081 1,~39 43,620 $ R RSERIES III, VOL Page 114 114 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. RECAPITULA T1O~4Continued. White. Colored. Total. Aggre- gate. Unassigned: New 3,989 1,166 5,075 Old 5,134 845 6,179 Grand total I 145, 523 NOTE.I am quite sure that some recruits for colored regiillellts were not, as the regulations direct, reported to the chief mustering officers of the States, and therefore some do not appear on this exhibit. To correct this I have directed the chief of the Bureau for Colored Troops to report direct to you the nulnber mustered. Should his number exceed those herein, the excess should be added to my totals. I have omittea from this the musters from rebel States, as they will be furnished in the report above referred to. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE September 13, 1865. Exhibit of the number of troopsvolunteers (white and colored) and regularsthat will remain in service after the musters out, as already ordered, shall have been completed. a For the orders directing re ductions to the nuixihers below enumerated, see Cir- culars Nos. 22, 26, 28, 30. 31, Department. 35, 39. 41, and 44, Adjutant- Generals Office, 1865. White. Colored. Total. East Middle 7,026 7, 026 Washington 6, 000 6, 000 Ohio 5,173 5,173 Kentucky . 10,196 10,196 Missouri 11, 400 11. 400 Virginia 18, 483 18,483 North Carolina 4,516 2,530 7,046 South Carolina 5, 732 4, 620 10, 352 Georgia 13, 376 3, 789 17, 165 Mississippi 3, 806 10, 500 14, 306 Arkansas 5, 300 2, 932 8, 232 14,400 4,000 Alabama 4,000 2,695 Florida 10, 400 6, 695 17, 095 3,591 3,638 7,229 Louisiana 6,700 16, 816 23, 516 Texas 24, 000 9, 363 33, 363 000 16,000 Tennessee _____ 4,000 12,000 14,000 I California Ii 12,030 12, 030 Columbia Total 143,532 83,079 226,611 a By the 1st of October the muster out of 8,598 white troops in the Department of Washington and 24,~OO colored in other departments should be completed, and then the forces in the respective departments, except Missouri and Alabania, wil Page 115 UNION AUTHORITIES. 115 Since the foregoing was made up General Sheridan, by telegraph of September 21, reports the following numbers (approximate) of white troops ordered mustered out: Texas _ _ 7 500 Louisiana _____ 2000 Florida 800 Total ______ 10300 left remaining _ ___ 216 311 THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, September 14, 1865. STATE OF OHIO, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT lion. E. M. STANTON, Columbus, September 16, 1865. Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.: SIR: We have had, and are almost daily receiving in various forms, a great number of petitions and complaints from our volunteers against their detention in the service. Passing without comment their murmuring as to their food, expo- sures, diseases, & c., as being in fact unavoidable incidents to all military service, and perhaps in habit of all volunteer soldierings, I beg leave in accordance with repeated promises to them thus to call the attention of the Department and of the President to their case. They complain bitterly, not only against their detention in the service as a matter of right on the part of the National Government, or of duty and obligation upon theirs as a class, but also on account of their own special and peculiar calamity in being thus kept in an arduous and painful service, wholly unanticipated by them, whilst their friends and late comrades have been discharged and are living happy and useful at home. Of course the latter comphint (derived from a comparison of their fortunes with those of others), though natural enough, can constitute by itself ho sound reason for their dischargesince in any army it may well become the policy and duty of the Government to discharge one part before another and before their legal term may have expired. But after all the consideration I can give this case and the ques- tions which underlie it, it does seem to me that their first, the general complaint, that all and any of the volunteers who are detained beyond the period of actual war and the time necessary in the mere processes of their discharge are unlawfully and unjustly detained, is well founded. I can see no legal authority ifi keeping up that army or any part of it for any other service or services than those specified in the laws and in the proclamations of the President. And it seems to me, too, that the proceeding is inequitable and hard in its operation, and it is unlawful; and this wholly irrespective of the question whether the other ends of detaining them shall be good, wise, and practicable, or the contrary. These were not a part of their obligations and duties when they enlisted in contemplation of either party, probably, and stand as indicated by the figures herein. Missouri, General Pope reports, will be completed by October 15. General Thomas has ordered five regiments of black troops, say 4,000, from Department of Tennessee to Department of Alabama to replace an equal number of white troops in that department with view to their muster out. The white troops thus relieved should be mustered out by October 10 Page 116 116 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. certainly not of the volunteers. And assuredly the class of citizens who so enlisted (whether we judge them by their individual worth, or by the cause in which they periled their all, or by the services they have performed) is not a class that deserves illegal, harsh, or even doubtful estimate or treatment at the hands of the Nation they have saved. Doubtless you have considered all these and more like matters in this connection. I know, too, the infinite embarrassments of mere detail as well as of the complicated questions of principle which beset an administration or department in the closing of a war so stupendous as this, and therefore I would neither show nor encourage in others a spirit of fault-finding and impatience. Nevertheless, whilst so fre- quently implored to endeavor to rescue them from what I myself do believe to be an unjust and undeserved hardship, and yet acquiesc- ing in the propriety of your request that the State Executive should not add to your embarrassments by transmitting special complaints and applications for discharge, I have thought it to be my official duty thus to present my reasons in behalf of the right of all to their dis- charge at the close of hostilities. If, as is possible, these opinions as to the law and justice of the case agree with those of the Department this communication may do good by its urgency of more dispatch in the process of discharging them. If, as is probable, they may be in some essential particular in conflict with those of the national authori- ties, then I respectfully beg leave to ask for them such a considera- tion or reconsideration as the rights and merits of these volunteers and my own strength and sincerity of convictions deserve. Very respectfully, CHARLES ANDERSON, Governor of Ohio. E hibit showing the number of colored recruits enlisted in the service of the United States, for old and new regiments, where enlisted, and where credited, from November 1, ~864, to date in 1865, when enlistments ceased. a State. ~ Q a o 9 a ,~ .~ . a a ~ a a a a a . a Q a ~ ~ ~ a a ~ Alabama 2 90 1 Arkansas 379 .. Connecticut... Delaware District of Columbia I 1b3 I 1 1 Florida 8 4 Georgia 181 I 217C i....K 1) Illinois 530 Indiana 157 Iowa - - 29 . . . Kansas Kentucky 1... 5,909 Louisiana.... 828 1 Mains 36 Maryland.... 563 Massachusett f 135.... Michigan 166 Minnesota ... Mississippi .. I 18 10 754.... Missouri I New Hampshire t I I I New Jersey. Page 117 UNION AUTHORITIES. 117 Exhibit showing the number of colored recruits enlisted in the service of the United States, & c.Continued. 9 9 0 State. ~ I 9, a a~6 o ~ cii ~ a ~ . ~ ~ bC ~ Ci i) C5 ci ci ci ~ ~ . ~ ,, CC ~ 0 Q~~ ~ 3cici ci -~ ~ 0 NewYork North Carolina 36 I 27 - . . 91 . - -. Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina 353 1 . . -. 203 . -- - Tennessee 218 1 4 11 i1~. 6.... Vermont Virginia 123 ~ 1, 12 2~ 8T Wisconsin West Virginia ........ I I Total number credited 2, 972 190 778 34 164 8 2, 171 556 188 29 178 5, 920 844 79 565 1 306 167 I I, I State. ci 9 Alabama Arkansai Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia.... Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts K.. Michigan Minnesota 21 Mississippi Missouri NewHampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina.. Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Vermont Virginia Wisconsiii West Virginia K.. Total number credited.... 25 a 9, 3c 501 531 9 1,0& ci ci z 31 c-i 0 z 262 43 4 9 0 ci 0 .9 0 z 4 331 101 416 248 1,371 600 3 1 62 1,083 32 305 1773j 1,381 6 .9 0 20 174 5 5 1,063 10 9 a CC~ 9 ci .9 59 6 4 9 ci 0 .9 9 0 92 858 6 9 9 H 9 2, 443 799 1,082 65 858 2,448 1 1 364 2 365 4 9 9 ii .1... 26 4 .9 S 9 9 ci H 2, 982 172 77 34 178 19 2, 707 530 187 29 178 5, 910 859 36 563 135 166 25 1,412 1,085 31 262 416 1,781 774 1, 067 59 2, 015 2, 497 1 715 26 33 26 33 6, 961 THOMAS M. YJNCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, September 20, 1865 Page 118 118 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. [SEPTEMBER 28, 1865.For report of Bvt. Maj. Gen. Rufus Ingalls, U. S. Army, chief quartermaster of Armies operating against Rich- mond, of operations during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, see Series I, Vol. LI, Part I, p. 251.] WASHINGTON, D. C., October 5, 1865. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War: SIR: Your special instructions to me dated March 25, 1863, require that I should proceed to the Mississippi River and inspect the troops operating in the field against the rebel forces, to examine into all operations in cotton connected with the troops, and to announce to the army the policy of the General Government respecting the negro race held in bondage in the States in rebellion. I reported to you from time to time the condition of the troops and their determination to meet and beat the enemy. On the 23d of June I reported to you in relation to operations in cotton, showing what frauds I had detected, and the difficulties I had to contend with in obtaining correct information whereby the guilty persons might be brought to trial. My operations in this respect were of little practical value, and I only excited opposition; and I discovered that this oppo- sition acted injuriously upon the third and most important part of my dutiesyour instructions respecting the blacks. rrhe present report is intended to give the results in the organization of colored troops. You undoubtedly recollect that the determination to send me on this duty was a sudden one, and the purpose was only unfolded to me the day prior to the date of the instructions, and you urged expedition in the matter. The subject was new to me, and I entered upon the duty by no means certain of what I might be able to effect. Still, as more of my military service was performed in the slave States, and I was perfectly familiar with plantation lifeI felt that I knew the peculiarities of the colored raceI could, with the blessing of Divine Providence, at least do something to alleviate the condition of the numerous thousands who would come within our military lines for protection. At Cairo, Ill., I first came in contact with what were then called contrabandsover 1,500 men, women, and children huddled together in insufficient quarters, the helpless drawing rations from the Govern- ment, and the able-bodied men employed in the various departments of the Government as laborers to the extent they were required. Compensation, $10 per month and one ration per day. I found the mortality of the place had been very great, especially among the childrenmeasles, diarrhea, and pneumonia being the prevailing diseasesand this subsequently I found to be the case at all other points visited by me where large numbers were collected. Cairo was not a proper place for them, and they were soon removed to Island No. 10, in the Mississippi River, below this place. March 29 I reviewed the troops and announced to some extent the policy of the Govern- ment, and having up to the 1st of April carefully considered the whole subject, I on that day communicated to you my views. These views were subsequently enlarged as I came in more immediate contact with large bodies of troops and thousands of negroes~ With but very few exceptions I had the troops paraded, and after a review had them brought together in mass and announced the purpose of my muission Page 119 UNION AUTHORITIES. 119 I tlien requested the body of the troops to call on such of their coin- manders as they might desire to make an address on the policy I had announced. In this way the views and opinions of many general and other officers were communicated directly to the troops. With a single exception (the regiment from Chicago, Ill.) the policy was most enthusiastically received by the troops. The prejudice against colored troops was quite general, and it required in the first instance all my efforts to counteract it; bnt finally it was overcome, and the blacks themselves subsequently by their coolness and determination in battle fought themselves into their present high standing as soldiers. I found the treatment of the blacks varied very materially at the differ- ent military stations and by the operating columns. Some command- ers received them gladly, others indifferently, whilst in very many cases they were refused admission within our lines and driven off by the pickets. They were thus obliged in numerous cases to return into slavery. This resulted from the fact that no policy in regard to them had been made known, but as soon as I had announced by your authority the views of the President and yourself, all opposition to their reception ceased. In this connection I may state that the gen- eral-in-chief of these armies (Lieutenant-General Grant) early took steps to provide for the welfare of this unfortunate race, and detailed humane clergymen as superintendents of contrabands to see to their welfare. The general on all occasions gave me his hearty support, and was ever ready to second my views. The policy, as I announced it, was that all officers and enlisted men were required to treat the blacks kindly and encourage their seeking the protection of the troops, to be fed and clothed as far as possible until they could be able to provide for themselves; the able-bodied men to be organized into regi- inents, except such laborers as were required in the several staff corps and departmentscooks for the troops and servants for the officers. I also distinctly announced that if any officer should stand in the way or oppose this policy I would not hesitate to dismiss him from the service of the United States. April 2 I addressed the troops at Columbus, Ky. April 4 explained the plan to Major-General Hurlbut, commanding at Memphis, Tenn., and at his request authorized him to raise six companies of artillerists to man the heavy guns in position at that place; also to organize contrabands for work in the Quartermasters Department. April 6 addressed some 7,000 trOops at Helena, Ark., commanded by Major- General Prentiss. April 9 addressed Generals McArthurs and Logans divisions, of Major-General McPhersons corps. April 12, at Millikens Bend, La., joined the headquarters of the commanding gen- eral (Lieutenant-General Grant). At this time, as we had possession of the west bank of the Mississippi River, and could collect the negroes, I became satisfied that 20,000 troops could be organized if necessary, and first made arrangements for 10,000 and afterward for another 10,000. In cases where I could not personally visit troops operating at a distance I invariably made known to the generals in command by communications what was desired, and urged upon them the utmost zeal in carr.ying out the policy of the Government. In regard to officering these regiments, I authorized commanding generals of corps and divisions to assemble boards of officers to examine appli- cants desiring commissions, and to be particularly careful to select none but those whose hearts were in the work, and who would devote themselves to elevate the blacks and endeavor to early bring the Page 120 120 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. into a high state of discipline. These generals were then desired to furnish rosters for regiments on which I would issue appointments and give the necessary authority to raise the troops. I also authorized the first sergeants of companies to be whites, but I soon fonnd that soldiers only took these positions to obtain promotion, and if not made in a very short time dissatisfaction was the consequence. I therefore changed the rule and urged colonels to select intelligent blacks and instruct them. This system worked admirably, and I have seen colored sergeants drill their squads as well as white ser- geants could. The best class of officers, as a general thing, did not offer themselves, owing to the prejudice existing against color& d troops and a number merely wanted higher positions; still, some good and zealous officers were obtained. Afterward, when the prejudice against this species of troops had been overcome, a higher class of officers presented themselves, and in larger numbers than could be appointed. By means also of frequent inspections by myself and two officers of my staff, the careless and indifferent officers were gotten rid of and more zealous ones appointed. I remained with the troops until they crossed the Mississippi River at Bruinsburg, Miss., May 1, and afterward visited the army on the Big Black River May 5, and then returned up the river to Memphis, Teun., to visit the corps of Major-General Iluribut. Visited the por- tions of his corps as far as Corinth by a circuitous route by railroad of some 160 miles, and addressed the troops at seven different stations on the first day, twice uo the troops and contrabands at Corinth sec- ond day, and to the troops at six different stations on the third day, returning to Memphis. The weather was excessively hot, and the exposure and exertion, together with previous exposure, prostrated me with sickness, and I was ordered by my physician to leave the country. After several days of sickness at Memphis I proceeded to Louisville, Ky., where I was compelled to remain in hospital over two weeks. Before leaving Louisville (June 13) I authorized Col. William A. Pile to raise troops under my instructions in the State of Missouri. He rendered good service, and was subsequently rewarded by the appointment of brigadier-general. Also, June 15 I addressed a com- munication to Major-General Rosecrans, commanding Department of the Cumberland, at Murfreesborough, Tenn., and urged him to carry out the views of the Government, which I fully set forth to him. August 2, having measurably recovered my health. I left for the Southwest, and at Cincinnati, Ohio, August 5, authorized Major-Gen- eral Burnside, commanding Department of the Ohio, on his entering Tennessee, to organize colored troops. Likewise gave similar author- ity to Major-General Schofield, who was about starting on an expedi- tion into Arkansas. After the fall of Vicksburg I accompanied the commanding general to New Orleans, La., to organize troops in the Department of the Gulf, commanded by Major-General Banks. I found, however, that the regiments of the Corps dAfrique, twenty- nine in number, had been organized on the basis of 500, and, except to authorize one regiment of cavalry, I directed that the regiments should be filled up to the maximum standard of 1,000 before other regiments would be authorized. This will account for there being no additional regiments raised in that department except the one referred to. The recruits obtained now brought these regiments up to that standard. Maj. George L. Stearns, assistant adjutant-general, having been ordered to Nashville, Tenn., to superintend the organization of colored troops, reported to me. I found that he entered into the duty With great zeal and rendered good service Page 121 UNION AUTHORITIES. 121 In the middle of December I was compelled to leave the Mississippi River in consequence of sickness. The years operations may be summed up as follows: a ~ a be ~ 1 regimeiit of cavalry 22 190 412 4 regiments of heavy artillery 151 3, 956 4, 107 4 batteries of light artillery 11 385 396 24 regiments of infantry - - - 745 15, 767 16, 512 lindependentcornpany 3 93 96 Total 912 20,591 21,523 The above numbers are taken from rduins iii the Adjutant- Generals Office, and are below the number actually enlisted, as the loss in battle, by death, and by desertion could not have been less than 5,000. This may seem a large estimate, but it is known that raw troops early contract disease, especially the measles, and it is further known that when the blacks become sick, not having the vitality of the white race, they sink under disease, and the percentage of mor- tality is very great. The able-bodied men were largely employed in the several staff departments, especially at the principal depots; also by the troops themselves as cooks and servants, and some commanders organized them into pioneer parties without being mustered into the service of the United States. Many, induced by high wages, took employment on the transports; others, again, readily found employ- ment as wood-choppers, also as laborers in the towns on the river. Admiral Porter stated to me that in the naval fleet under his command he had 1,000 negroes. I state these facts to show why a larger num- ber of colored men were not enlisted. Col. A. Cummings, Nineteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry, by your directions, reported to me in Philadelphia January 4, 1864, for duty, and I ordered him to Little Rock, Ark., to superintend the recruiting service in that State. He exerted himself, but as the negroes had to a great extent been sent to Texas, comparatively few were obtained; still, some regiments were organized. He was sub- sequently made a brigadier-general. While at Louisville, Ky.,in the mouth of January, 1864, I satisfied myself that from 5,000 to 7,000 negroes~f Kentucky had passed the border of that State into Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Tennessee, and that many of them had enlisted into various organizations, some into regiments being raised in the Eastern States; also that the entire slave population of the State was in a state of ferment. This induced me to proceed to Frankfort, the capital, to present my views to Governor Bralnlette. This I did, and fully set forth my opinions, urging them with what ability I possessed. I represented that slavery was forever at an end, to which the Governor assented, and that as the negroes were constantly passing the borders of the State, and it could not be prevented, I urged that I might take the able-bodied men and organize t hem into troops, whereby the owners of the negroes would receive certificates of their muster and the State receive credit on the quota for the (Iraft. The Governor, while generally assenting to my positions, urged that I would not establish recruiting stations in the State, but desist froni my purpose, stating that the subject wa Page 122 122 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. one of peculiar delicacy to the people of Kentucky; that they did not desire the General Government to interfere, and that as they desired to manage the institution in their own way, he especially deprecated any agitation at that time, stating, also, that Kentucky would conic up to the measure of her duty in this respect, and by legal enactment provide for the extinction of slavery. I remarked that under their present laws some four or five years would be necessary to fully accomplish this measure. I conversed with most, and perhaps nearly, all the members of the Legislature, which was then in session, all of whom took the ground advocated by the Governor, and some of them even requested that I should remove my recruiting stations in Ten- nessee on the borders of Kentucky to a distance, which of course I refused to do. Finding this feeling so prevalent in the State, I with- drew from it without then doing anything. My action in this case I reported to you from Louisville under date of February 1. The first recruiting in Kentucky commenced at Paducah under Second Lieut. J. Cunningham, Second Illinois Artillery, in February, pursuant to a requesi made to you by the member of Congress from the First District, in which Paducah is situated. The lieutenant was author- ized to raise a regiment of artillery to man the works at that place. Brigadier-General Chetlain reported to me, and I assigned him as superintendent of the recruiting service in West Tennessee; after- ward in the entire State. He proved a most valuable officer, for I found him to possess intelligence and zeal, with a rare qualification for the organization of troops. He never failed on any duty to which he was assigned, either as a superintendent or as an inspector, to which latter duty I also assigned him, and I am gratified that he was subse- quently rewarded by the brevet of major-general. February 9, Major Stearns having relinquished his position in Ten- nessee as superintendent of the recruiting service, I appointed Capt. R. D. Mussey, who had acted as his assistant. The superintendent was subsequently made the colonel of the One hundredth Regiment of Colored Troops, and continued to perform the duties of supf~rintend- ent until recruiting had ceased, and he rendered most efficient service. He, too, has been properly rewarded by having conferred upon him the brevet of brigadier-general. Having returned to Louisville, Ky., in June, I became satisfied that the time had fully arrived for the organization of colored troops in that State, as the negroes were rapidly coming to our military sta- tions (my purpose of doing so I mentioned to you in Washington and received your verbal sanction). Accordingly the 13th of June, by my Order No. 20 of that date, I directed that recruiting should commence throughout the entire State, and designated a camp of reception in each Congressional district where the negroes would be received and organized into regiments. I designated Brigadier- General Chetlain as the superintendent, who entered upon the duty, and continued in its performance until July 6, when he was relieved at the request of Major-General Burbridge, commanding in Kentucky, made both to you and myself, who desired the superintendence, as he had, as I well knew, taken special interest in this measure, advocat- ing it on all proper occasions, and with benefit to the service, as he was then the owner of many blacks. Under these circumstances it was perfectly proper that the change should be made, but 1 nevertheless regretted it, believing that his higher duties of commander in Kentucky would prevent his personal attention to the superintendency. The result proved as I had antic Page 123 UNION AUTHORITIES. 123 pated, for he very soon delegated the duties to another officer; first to Lieutenant-Colonel Hammond, and afterward to Colonel Brisbin, the latter of whom I placed at the head of the Fifth U. S. Colored Cavalry. The reports of these officers came to me through Major- General Burbridge, but they had nothing to do with the establishment of the system, but only carried out what had been ordered. At this time I found it next to impossible to obtain the necessary medical officers for the colored regiments. The grade of surgeon could readily be filled by the promotion of assistant surgeons of vol- unteers, but few, except an occasional contract medical officer, would take the position of assistant surgeon. As the sanitary condition of the men required a greater number of medical officers, I ordered on the 8th of July Surg. B. W. Sargent, on my staff, to proceed to the Eastern States and endeavor to procure from the graduates of the medical schools as many physicians as possible, the number then required being some 120. By his energy and activity he procured quite a number, who, having passed the medical board at Boston and elsewhere, were duly appointed, and the service was greatly benefited by this measure. July 16 Brigadier-General Pile was relieved as superintendent in Missouri and assigned to duty in the field, and Brig. Gen. Thomas Ewing, jr., stationed at Saint Louis, was charged with the duty, who performed it satisfactorily and with ability. May 1, 1865, pursuant to your instructions, I directed the discon- tinuance of all recruiting of colored men in the Deparments of the Missouri and Arkansas and the Military Divisions of the Mississippi and West Mississippi, and also consolidated some of the incomplete regiments, thus discontinuing three regiments in Kentucky, one in Tennessee, and two in Arkansas. Before this order could be received by the troops operating in the field three additional regiments were organized from the negroes gathered by Major-General Wilson on his march through Georgia under the standing instructions, and these regiments were retained in service. Very many of the regiments were filled to the maximum standard, and others to -the minimum of 800, when ordered to stations on the Mississippi River and elsewhere, or sent to the field; but as recruit- ing for them was continued, and nearly all received recruits after organization, it is proper to estimate their numbers at the maximum standard, up to which in mass they undoubtedly came. The whole of my operations in the West and Southwest in the organization of colored troops may be given as follows: a S Forces. a a a: a n Q ~ Missouri 1 regiment of infantry 36 1, 000 1, 036 Kentucky: 5 regiments of infantry 180 5, 000 5, 180 2 regiments of cavalry 84 2,400 2,484 1 battery of light artillery 5 100 105 3 regiments of heavy artillery 204 5,040 5,244 Tennessee: 13 regiments of infantry 468 13,000 13, 468 3 batteries of light artillery 15 300 315 3 regiments of heavy artillery 204 5, 040 5, 244 14 regiments of infantry 504 14, 000 14, 50 Page 124 124 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. a a Forces. a Q ~ a ~ bO Q ~ Alahani~: 4rcginwntsofiiilnntry 144 4,000 4,144 Georgia: 3 regiments of infantry 108 3, 000 3, 108 Mississippi: 1 regiment of cavalry 42 1, 200 1, 242 2 regiments of heavy artillery 116 3, 360 1, 496 6 regiments of infantry 216 6, 000 6, 216 Arkansas: 1 battery of light artillery 5 100 105 5 regiments of infantry 180 5, 000 5, 180 Louisiana: lregimentofcavalry; 42 1,200 1,242 3 batteries of light artillery 15 300 315 1 regiment of heavy artillery 68 1, 680 1, 748 6 regiments of infantry 216 6, 000 6, 216 Total 2, 804 76, 040 78, 844 Two regiments w eixz~ organized in Kansas from negroes, I under- stood, obtained from Arkansas, though not under my superintendence. It may be proper to state that, while each State named above is credited with certain regiments, the men did not always come from there, and the companies of a regiment were sometimes made up in two different States. A regiment of 1,000 men was recruited at Evansville, md., from Kentucky negroes, and the latter State received credit for them on her quota of the draft. This regiment is not enulnerated in the tabular statement. RECAPITULATION. ~ be Regiments. ~ a be ~ be 4 regiments ,f cavalry 168 4,800 4,968 8 batteries of light artill,-rv 40 800 840 9 regiments of heavy artillery 612 15, 120 15, 712 57 regiments of infantry 2, 052 57, 000 59, 052 Total 2,872 77,720 80,592 I have the honor to be, very respectf idly, your obedient servant, L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. lii. Washington, October 7, 1865. I. Commanding generals of military departments and districts will be allowed the following staff officers, and no others: Generals commanding military departments. One assistant adju- tant-general, one assistant inspector-general, one chief quartermaster, one chief commissary of subsistence, one medical director, one judge- advocate, two aides-de-camp, to be selected from officers of their commands Page 125 UNION AUTHORITIES. 125 Generals comrnanding districts. Two aides-de-camp, to be selected from officers of their commands. II. General officers without military command are not allowed aides-de-camp or other staff officers. III. All officers serving on the staff of general officers not included in the above allowance will be immediately relieved from such duty. The officers of the regular and volunteer regiments so relieved will be ordered to join their regiments without delay, and the staff officers of volunteers will be ordered to their homes to report thence by letter to the Adjutant-General for instructions. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, A.~sistant A6~jutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, ~rAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 146. Washington, October 9, 1865. The allowance of means of transportation at all posts east of the Mississippi and immediately west of the Mississippi will be For posts garrisoned by one company, and for every two companies at a post, one four-mule wagon. All other public animals, wagons, spring wagons, and ambulances will be immediately turned in and disposed of by the Quartermasters Department. By command of Lieutenant-General Grant: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 149. Washington, October 14, 1865. By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, by a proclamation of the fifth day of July, one thousand eight hun- dred and sixty-four, the President of the United States, when Civil war was flagrant, and when combinations were in progress in Kentucky for the purpose of inciting insurgent raids into that State, directed that the proclamation sus- pending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus should be made effectual in Kentucky, and that martial law should be established there, and continue until said proclamation should be revoked or modified; and whereas, since then the danger from insurgent raids into Kentucky has substantially passed away: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby declare that the said proclamatfon of the fifth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, shall be, and is hereby, niodified in so far that martial law shall be no longer in force in Kentucky from and after the date hereof. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of th~ United States of America the ninetieth. s.] ANDREW JOHNSON. L. President: y W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. By order of the President of the United States: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 126 126 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 1~2. IYashingtort, October 17, 1865. Hereafter no person shall be arrested as a deserter for having failed to report under any draft, or for any other non-compliance with the enrollment act or the amendments thereto. Any and all persons of this class now held will be immediately discharged. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, October 20, 1865. Hon. E. M. STANTON Secretary of War: SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the reduc- tion of the Army, and to make some suggestions for the reorganiza- tion of the Regular Army. The surrender of the rebel armies and the collapse of the rebellion rendered a large part of our military force unnecessary, and immediate steps were taken to reduce it by stopping enlistments, discharging non-effectives, and the muster out of men and regiments whose terms of service expired before given dates. By the 1st of July, 1865, the spirit in which the results of the war were accepted by the South was known. Already two months have passed without a collision of any importance between the soldiers of the rebel army returned to their homes and our troops. Everywhere submission was perfect, and all that was asked by them was perinis- sion to resume the ordinary pursuits of civil life. The reduction of the Army was now made by organizations, and (luring the mouth of July the two most important armies in the coumitrythat of the Poto- mac and of the Tennesseereturned to the people from whom they had come four years before. Since that time the reduction of troops left in the Southern States to secure order and protect the freedmen in the liberty conferred on them has been gradually going on in pro- portion as continued quiet and good order have justified it. On the 1st of May, 1865, the aggregate of the military force of the United States was 1,000,516 men.* On October 20th this had been reduced, as it is estimated, to 210,000, and further reductions are still being made. These musters out were admirably conducted, 800,000 men passing from the Army to civil life so quietly that it was scarcely known, save by the welcomes to their homes received by them. The ordinary process was to muster out the regiments iii the field or wher- ever they might be, transport them as organizations to the States from which they came, and there pay them off and discharge them from service. The apprehensions felt by some, of disturbance and disorder at so vast a force being suddenly thrown upon the country to resume the occupations of civil life after having been so long absent from them, proved entirely unfounded, the soldiers showing by their comiduct that devotion to their country in the field is no disqualification Pir devotion to it at home. At the beginning of the war our small Regular Army was barely adequate to protect our overland routes and our Indian frontier and * But see Vol. IV, of this series, p. 1283, for a later official compilation showing an aggregate of 1,052,038 Page 127 UNION AUTHORITIES. 127 garrison our sea-coast works. At its close we practically had no Indian frontier, as the mines of the Rocky Mountains had scattered settlements at numerous points along their slopes, and the force employed in protecting these settlements and the overland routes was double that of the whole Regular Army at the beginning of the war. In view of the vast extent of our country, the recent hostile condition of a portion of it, with the possibility of future local disturbances arising from ill-feeling left by the war or the unsettled questions between the white and black races at the South, I am of the opinion that a Regular Army of 80,000 men is needed, and would recommend the following legislation. * Very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Lieutenctnt- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJ UTANT-GENERALS OFFICE Washington, October 20, 18b5. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON Secretary of War: SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of this department for the past year: RECRUITING FOR THE REGULAR ARMY. From October 31, 1864, to October 1, l86~5, the number of recruits enlisted, for all arms, is 19,555. (Statement A.) The recruiting service for the Regular Army is progressing favor- ably. The regiments suffered so severely in their many battles that they were left at the termination of active hostilities, almost without exception, reduced to mere skeleton organizations. They have now been distributed to stations and are rapidly filling up, thus enabling the department to relieve volunteer regiments as fast as they can be transported to their homes and paid. There are two principal depots for the general recruiting service, one at Fort Columbus, New York Harbor, for infantry, and one at Carlisle Barracks, Pa., for mounted troops. The officers detailed from the several regiments for recruiting duty are stationed in such localities as give promise of success, and their recruits are sent in parties to the depots, whence they are forwarded to the regiments to which they may be assigned. Besides this, the several regiments recruit their own ranks, as far as practicable, from the country adja- cent to their posts. AUTHORIZED STRENGTH AND. ORGANIZATION OF THE REGULAR ARMY. The authorized strength of the regular regiments of the Army, supposing each company full, is as follows: Officers. Men. 6 regiments of cavalry (72 companies) 264 7, 248 5 regiments of artillery (60 companies) 273 4, 890 10 regiments of infantry, single battalion (100 companies) 340 8,360 9 regiments of infantry each 3 battalions of 8 companies (216 companies) 693 21, 321 Total 1,570 41,819 *Remainder of this letter (here omitted) relates to the reorganization of the Regular Army Page 128 128 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. This calculation is made on the basis of forty-two privates to a company at all but frontier posts. The total strength, upon the basis of 100 enlisted men to a company, would be 1,570 officers, 45,751 men. By existing acts of Congress the strength of companies is limited to the following number of private soldiers: The ten old regiments of infantry and four old regiments of artil- leryforty-two privates per company (act of August 23, 1842), except when serving on the Western frontier, or at remote and distant sta- tions, when the allowance is seventy-four privates per company. (Act June 17, 1850.) The nine new regiments of infantry, three battalions each of eight companieseighty-two privates per company. (Act July 29, 1861.) Eight light artillery companiessixty-four privates per company. (Act June 17, 1850.) Twelve companies of the Fifth Artillery122 privates per company. (Act July 29, 1861.) Six regiments of cavalry, each twelve companiesseventy-eight privates per company. (Act July 17, 1862.) There is no good reason for such dissimilarity in the several organ- izations, and much inconvenience really arises from it. A company of forty-two privates is not sufficient for the ordinary duties of a gar- rison, and 122 privates are not needed except for a battery of six pieces serving in the field. It is recommended that all companies of the Regular Army be allowed 100 enlisted men as the maximum standard, leaving to the War Department to regulate the strength of companies within that limit as may be demanded by the nature of the service at the various stations. It is not probable that this maximum would often be reached, but emergencies sometimes arise when it becomes a matter of great importance, and also of economy, to have large companies instead of mere platoons for immediate active duty. STATIONS OF THE REGULAR ARMY. The following is the present disposition of the regular artillery regiments: SECOND U. S. ARTILLERY. On the Pacific coast. THIRD U. S. ARTILLERY. Fort Sullivan, Eastport, Me., one company. Fort Preble, Portland, Me., one company. Fort Constitution, Portsmouth, N. II., one company. Fort Warren, Boston, Mass., the regimental headquarters and three companies. Fort Independence, Boston, Mass., one company. Fort Adams, Newport, R. I., three companies. One light battery, C, Division of the Mississippi. One light battery, E, Department of North Carolina. Detachments from some of these companies will be placed at the unfinished forts and batteries along the coast near their stations. FIRST U. S. ARTILLERY. Fort Trumbull, New London, Conn., one company. Fort Sehayler, N. Y., three companies. Fort Lafayette, New York Harbor, one company Page 129 UNION AUTHORITIES. 129 Fort Hamilton, New York Harbor, the regimental headqnarters and two companies. Fort Richmond and Batteries Hudson and Morton, New York Har- bor, two companies. Sandy Hook, N. J., one company. One light battery Division of the Gulf. One light battery FOURTH U. S. ARTILLERY. Fort Delaware, Del., two companies. Fort MeHenry, Baltimore, Md., two companies. Fort Washington, Md., the regimental headqnarters and one com- pany. Fort Foote, Md., one company. Forts around Washington, four companies. One light battery ~ One light battery ~ i of the Mississippi. FIFTH U. S. ARTILLERY. Fort Monroe, Old Point Comfort, Va., the regimental headquarters and four companies. Fort Taylor, Key West, Fla., two companies. Fort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas, Fla., four companies. One light battery, F, Department of Virgina. One light battery, G, Division of the Mississippi. All the companies, except two of each regiment of artillery, have been dismounted, and their horses and batteries turned over to the proper staff departments. The dismounted companies have been assigned to permanent fortifications on the sea-board. The two bat- teries in each regiment are retained under the provisions of the acts of March 2, 1821, and March 3, 1847. All sea-coast forts south of Fort Monroe, except Forts Taylor and Jefferson, Fla., are to be garrisoned by colored troops. OF THE CAVALRY REGIMENTS. The First, Fourth, and Sixth Regiments are assigned to the Divis- ion of the Gulf in the Southwest. The Second and Third Regiments to the Division of the Missouri. The Fifth Regiment is divided between the Departments of Wash- ington, the Middle Department, and the Division of the Tennessee. The single-battalion infantry regiments are assigned as follows: FOURTH U. S. INFANTRY. Fort Brady, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., two companies. Fort Wayne, Detroit, Mich., the regimental headquarters and two companies. Fort Niagara, N. Y., one company. Fort Ontario, Oswego, N. Y., one company. Madison Barracks, Sacketts Harbor, N. Y., two companies. Rouses Point, N. Y., two companies. The First Regiment U. S. Infantry is in the Department of Louisi- ana. 9 R RSERJES III, ~OL Page 130 130 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. The Second in the Department of Kentncky. The Third and Tenth are in the Division of the Missonri. The Fifth is in New Mexico. The Sixth in the Department of South Carolina. The Seventh in the Department of Florida. The Eighth in the Middle Department. The Ninth on the Pacific Coast. The three battalion reginients of infantry are assigned as follows: The Eleventh and Seventeenth Regiments are recruiting and organ- izing preparatory to assignment. The Twelfth Regiment is assigned to the Department of Virginia. The Thirteenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Regiments are assigned to the Division of the Missonri. The Fonrteenth is on the Pacific Coast. The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Regiments are in the Division of the Tennessee. ENLISTMENT OF MINORS AS MUSICIANS. The act of July 4, 1864, section 5, and the act of March 3, 1864, section 18, make it an offense to enlist any minor under the age of sixteen years. It is recommended that this act be modified so far as to anthorize a limited nnmber, say 100, of boys, not nnder twelve years, as mnsicians, provided the consent of parent or guardian is previously obtained. Until the passage of the act referred to a detachment of boys was kept nnder instrnction at each of the recruit- ing depots. They were not only carefully trained as young soldiers and musiciansi. e., drummers, fifers, and buglersbut were well taught in the common school branches at the post school. Many of these boys have turned out good scholars and excellent soldiers, reaching, as their age matured, to the grades of non-commissioned, and even of commissioned officers. DEDUCTION OF PAY FROM OFFICERS ON LEAVE. By section 31, act of March 3, 1863, and section 11, act of June 20, 1864, it is provided that officers on leave of absence for a longer period than thirty days in one year shall receive only half of the pay and allowances prescribed by law, and no more. It is recommended that this provision be now repealed. It operates to the serious disadvan- tage of valuable officers who have earned a longer respite from duty than thirty days, and who probably, through a series of years, may have been absent in all less than thirty days. At the same time it places no restriction on those who serve little with their regiments, but habitually report on surgeons certificate of ill-health. SERGEANTS FOR SUPERINTENDENTS OF CEMETERIES. There are now in existence some forty National Cemeteries, sad monuments of mortality among our soldiers during the war. It is recommended that an act of Congress shall provide for the enlistment of a disabled soldier as a superintendent for each cemetery, who shall have the same pay and allowances as an ordnance-sergeant, and be charged with the care and preservation of the grounds and all thei Page 131 UNION AUTHORITIES. 131 appurtenances. An analogy to this proposed measure may be found in the ordnance-sergeants of the Army, appointed under the act of April 5, 1832, for the care of ordnance stores at posts. REPORTS OF BATTLES. Much attention and labor has been expended upon the preparation of the documents relating to the rebellion, required to be printed by resolution of May 19, 1864. Eight volumes, with maps and indexes, have been completed and sent to the Public Printer. The greater part of the other reports of battles, marches, & c., have been copied and arranged, but await the receipt of some important reports, which, though repeatedly called for, have not been furnished, and are requisite to preserve the chronological order. REGISTER OF VOLUNTEERS. The Register of Volunteer Officers called for by resolution approved June 30, 1864, will be completed by the time Congress assembles, and all the manuscript will by that time be in the hands of the Public Printer. As will be seen by examination, it is a work of considerable magnitude, embracing some 200,000 names of officers. No pains have been spared to make it a full and accurate record of every volunteer regiment received into the U. S. service during the war. VOLUNTEER SERVICE. The accompanying statement, marked B, will show the number of volunteer recruits, drafted men, and substitutes forwarded to the fiel& (aggregate 202,117), and of volunteers, drafted men, and militia mustered out and discharged (aggregate 61,000), under the direction of this office, from November 1, 1864, until April 30, 1865. When the work came of disbanding the large armies no longer required by the exigencies of the service, the plan suggested by experience, which had been successful with small bodies, was con- tinued. The same machinery of mustering officers and depots which had been employed in recruiting has been used in discharging. As many regiments as could be at one time furnished with means of transportation and funds for paying them off, have been sent home with their organization entire, from time to time as they could be spared from the department in which they were serving, beginning with those whose terms of service would soonest expire. The regi- ments have been mustered out of service on rolls carefully prepared to exhibit the dues from the Government to each soldier. The rolls, boxed up and sent under charge of an officer, have arrived at the State rendezvous simultaneously with the regiments. The officers of each regiment have been held to a strict accountability, under pain of forfeiture of an honorable discharge and pay, for the good behavior of the enlisted men until all were finally paid their dues and furnished with discharges within a few miles of their homes. With rare excep- tions the conduct of these gallant regiments, coming from every part of the North, has been most admirable in maintaining the strict dis- cipline which made them successful in battle, until they were release Page 132 132 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. from military restraint and had separated, each to his home and his civil avocation. Too much praise cannot be gi ~eu the numerous corps of mustering officers and paymasters, whose fidelity is attested by the large numbers (800,963) of men discharged and paid within a brief period, as shown in the annexed statement B. Nor can the extraordinary facilities offered by the several railroad companies for transporting such large bodies of men fail to attract attention. No apology is made for alluding to these matters in this report, for they are facts of the utmost significance in connection with the military power and resources of this country. Statement C shows the force in service May 1, 1864, and March 1, 1865, respectively. COLORED TROOPS. For statistics and information in regard to the colored troops, refer- ence is invited to the accompanying report of the able chief of the Bureau for Colored Troops, attached to this office. The number at present retained in service is about 85,024, out of 186,097, the whole number, officers and men, mustered iu since it was first decided to employ them. The general orders and circulars annexed to this report will give useful information concerning movements of the Army. * By systematic classification of the varied duties of this department, the officers intrusted with each branch have been able promptly and successfully to accomplish all that could in reason be expected of them, and they, together with the admirable clerksmostly taken from the armiesby whom they were so ably assisted, are entitled to the warmest commendation. The officers of the Adjutant-Generals Department are employed as follows: One brigadier-general on special service. One colonel in charge of the Adjutant-Generals Office, War Department. One colonel and six majors, assistants in the Adjutant-Generals Office. One lieutenant-colonel and one major, on duty at the Headquarters of the Army. One lieutenant-colonel and two majors, on duty at headquarters of military divisions and departments. One lieutenant-colonel, Provost-Marshal-General. One lieutenant-colonel and one major awaiting orders. One major on duty in the Provost-Marshal-Generals Bureau. One major on leave of absence. One major on duty in the War Department. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. *See General Orders, Nos. 101,105,106, 114,119,121,141, and 146, and Circulars Nos. 19, 26,28,30,31, 35,39,41,44, and 46, pp. 43, 48, 49, 54, 62, 65, 124, 125,24,56,61,65, 93,95,96,98,108,156, respectively Page 133 UNION AUTHORITIES. 183 A.Statement of the number of enlistments and re-enlistments in the Regular Army from October 31, 1864, to October 1, 1865. (Compiled from reports forwarded to this office by recruiting officers.) General service Monntedservice 1st Cavalry 2d Cavalry - 3d Cavalry 4thCavalry 5thCavalry 6thCavalry 1st Artillery 2d Artillery 3d Artillery 4thArtillery 5thArtillery 1st Infantry 2d Infantry 3d Infantry 4th Infantry 5th Infantry 6th Infantry 4,698 3,033 131 16 6 24 42 37 149 357 182 155 44 859 9 30 33 140 7th Infantry - Sthlnfantry 9th Infantry 10th Infantry 11th Infantry - 12th Infantry 13th Infantry l4thlnfantry 15th Infantry l6thlnfantry 17th Infantry 18th Infantry 19th Infantry Engineer Corps OrdnanceCorps Military Academy 64 115 241 13 953 694 742 1,752 1,208 804 761 852 698 237 209 260 Total - 19,555 E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, November 14, 1865. B.Exhibit of recruitsvolunteers, drafted, and substitutesfor old and new organizations, forwarded to the field; volunteers, drafted men, and militia mustered out and discharged from the service of the United States under the direction of the Adjutant-Generals Office, from November 1, 1864, to November 15, 1865. FORWARDED TO FIELD. Volunteers for 1, 2, and 3 years. 0 a New organizations. 0 0 o a State. a N . 3 -~ a a a - - ci 0 -- a a 0 ~ ~ a T - a o 0, a 0 0 3 a a o a 0 ~ o ~ H Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut 1 130 1, 307 Delaware 765 Florida Georgia Illinois 66 15, 380 5,304 Indiana 12, 554 6,987 Iowa 1,480 Indian Territory Kansas 65 Kentucky 1, 057 1, 264 Louisiana Maine 30 2,808 1,590 Maryland 2,100 Massachusetts 8 800 109 Michigan 4 318 1, 606 Minnesota 16 1,967 590 aAssigned to old regiments in which there were vacancies for companies. U Includes new organizations (colored). c The number opposite Maryland includes those forwarded from Delaware. 52,902 b~172 251 1,457 (c) 519 b2,707 8,829 10 3, 710 15 1,046 525 - - - b7,565 2 b859 1,260 918 2,336 4,439 549 2,982 172 251 2, 094 765 19 707 29,513 23,251 2,526 590 10, 686 859 5, 658 3, 098 3, 245 6, 443 3, 11 Page 134 a, ~. a~, a. . a , ~+. Regiments. COO. Companies. ~ 0 Batteries. ~ Co a - 010 a CO . ~ ~ Strength.a 1+ a-~. noa. Regiments. VCC-a. Coa 1 0 ~ ~. Companies. ~ a a a Batteries. a- aoaai. CO~ 1000 a . a . 01 1OCOa~ b~CoO. ~O-~t.~COOCo. . t~CO ~ ~ Strength. 0 oaCOaa~n. . otna Cotn Z 0 - . Officers onder ~ G.O.79 and a . 82,A. GO., ~ ~ seriesofl865. 100aa tn Co Co CO tn a a Co tn a tn 0. -1 a a a a a a n a a. a a to a a~ a 0 a a a a .~. ~ 010 a ~ Co ~ 0 CO a 00. 0001. 00 0100. mtn Total. 0 0 ~ ~ 0 a a, 0. cj~ H H H 0 H z H H H H z H H 0 H H H a H H 0 0 a~. a0 aa 0 o ~ a,. ~ a a a 0 a a 0 a a ~ a-.a,~ a ~-4.-.. 2- a. -~ 2-IpC~so~0 ~ -a01 COCOCOCoa~C1Ca CO000,CO -~O~-~0Co~t0 cj~ a Old organizations. Regiments. alp.-. to, t-3. H Companiese ~ I Batteries. a Co~. to to. -to-I. CO-I-Ia Strength. z 0 a a a a 0 a Drafted men and substi. - totes. too-Ia, CO 0-Ii5~ 01 . CO-II~. toaCO1 0 ~to-I Co. ~a. Co~I01 0010 -~ a at a 001 a. toto a toto Otna Co005 ~ 0 Co Co CO -~ ~ 0 a 0 ~ CO10 0 ~CoCOCoCOa C- -.101 CO Co~ a -~ 10~ to 10 Total. 0 a a 0 a a 0 a 0 0 ci) 0 z e z 0 ITJ H 0 0 0 0 H H a H ~ H 0 a H ~ 0 -~ H a ~1. H 0 I H o ~ 0 a ~ H a ~ 0 a a ~. 0 a. H 0 a 0 0 0 H 1+ H H Page 135 UNION AUTHORITIES. 135 B.Exhibit of recruitsvolunteers, drafted, and substitutes, & e.Continued. MUSTERED OUT AND RETURNED TO THEIR HOMESContinued. From Nov. 1, 1864, to From May 1, 1865, to Nov. 15, April 30, 1865. 1865. States. ,~ 0 ~ 0 .~ .0 a ~ a ~, ~ a 0, .~ 0 0 S a 5 a a o 5 Q 0 0 Q ~ 12 ~ 0 H Mississippi 1 426 426 Missouri 9, 342 23 8 13, 214 15 22, 571 New Hampshire 2 326 16 1 9, 018 10 9, 354 New Jersey 1 247 21 5 18, 770 15 19, 032 New York 13 5 1 4,358 153 1 35 117,206 191 121,755 North Carolina 3 2,248 1 2,249 Ohio 4 10 5 1,686 122 4 30 81. 704 106 83,496 Pennsylvania 10 12 7, 500 118 1 14 102, 450 116 110, 066 Rhode Island 6 6 4, 795 4 4, 799 South Carolina rennessee 1,944 23 5 14,588 8 16,540 Texas 1 853 853 Vermont 1 310 12 1 2 9,492 25 9, 827 Virginia 1 98 98 West Virginia 1 851 16 4 4 12,104. 2 12,957 Wisconsin 4 2 1 1, 556 40 15 30, 004 32 31, 592 District of Columbia 4 2, 699 2, 699 Rendezvous for volunteers. b 10, 938 10, 938 U. S. volunteers 10 3 3 10, 075 2 10, 077 Veteran Reserve Corps - - 25, 087 25, 087 Unclassified 48, 947 48, 947 Total 68 109 14 61, 000 1, 000 42 226 799,978 985 861, 9C3 a Including individual musters out. b Drafted substitutes and volunteers. RECAPITULATION. Forwarded to field 202, 117 Mustered out and returned to their homes 861, 963 Total 1, 064, 080 REMARKS. The rapidity with which the work of mustering out and disbanding the Volun- teer Army was executed will be apparent from the following, showing the numbers mustered out to the dates set opposite them, respectively, viz: Aug. 7,1865 _____ 640 806 Aug. 22,1865 _____ 719 338 Sept. 14, 1865 741,107 Oct. 15, 1865 _____ 785 205 Nov. 15, 1865~ _____ 800 963 The command of Major-General Sherman (Army of the Tennessee and Army of Georgia) and the Army of the Potomac were the first to complete their musters out entirely. Regiments commenced leaving General Shermans commandthen numbering, present and absent, 116,183 officers and menfrom the rendezvous near this city on the 29th of May, and on the 1st of August the last one of the regiments mustered out left Louisville, Ky., to which point the command (after the musters out therefrom were partly completed) was transferred and the armies composing it merged into one, called the Army of the Tennessee. The work of mustering out the troops was not continuous, it having been interrupted and delayed by the transfer of the two armies from this city to Louisville, and their subsequent consolidation. Regiments commenced leaving the Army of the Poto- mac (then numbering, including Ninth Corps, 162,851 officers and men, present and absent) from the rendezvous near this city on the 29th of May, and about si Page 136 136 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. weeks thereafter (July 19) the last re~ment started for home. During the inter- val the work, like that for General Shermans command, was not continuous, it being interrupted and delayed by the movement of the Sixth Corps from Dan- ville, Va., to this city and the consolidation, by orders of June .28, of the remain- ing portion of the army into a provisional corps, numbering, present and absent, 22,699 officers and men. Thus, for the two commands in question, and between the 29th of May and the 1st of August (two months), 279,034 officers and men, present and absent, were mustered out and placed en route to their homes. Includ- ing other armies and departments, the number was increased by August 7 (two months and seven days) to 640,806 officers and men. From the foregoing it is seen that the mass of the forces discharged were mustered out by September 14, or within two months and a half from the time the movements of troops homeward commenced. The average per month during that time is 296,442. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, November 15, 1865. CExhibit of the forces of the United States on the 1st of May, 1864. be~.fi S be a Army or department. ~ nummary. ~. 0 be be Department of Washington 42, 124 Brought forwardpresent available for 662, 345 Army of the Potomac 120, 384 duty. Department of Virginia and North Caro- 59, 130 Present, sick in field hospitals or unfit a41, 266 lina. for duty. Department of the South 18, 169 Absent on detached service 109, 348 Department of the Gulf 61, 865 Absent with leave, includiug prisoners b 66,290 Department of Arkansas 23, 666 of war Department of the Tennessee 74, 170 Absent, in general hospitals and on 675, 978 Departmentof the Missouri 15, 775 sick leave at home. Department of the Northwest 5,296 Absent without authority b 15,483 Department of Kansas 4,798 Headquarters Military Division of the 476 Grand aggregate, present and 970, 710 Mississippi. absent. Department of the Cumberland 119, 948 Department of the Ohio 35, 416 Northern Department 9, 546 Departmeut of West Virginia 30, 782 Department of the East 2,828 Department of the Susquehanna 2,970 Middle Department 5,627 Ninth Army corps 20,780 Department of New Mexico 3,454 Department of the Pacific 5, 141 Total e 662, 545 aTaken from monthly returns. b Taken from tn-monthly returns. *An examination of the orignal returns for April 30, 1864 (from which the numbers in this column were compiled), shows that all officers and men reported as present for duty, on extra or daily duty, and in arrest or confinement, are here included under the head of aggregate present available for duty. Page 137 UNION AUTHOIi~ITIES. 137 0.Exhibit of the forces of the United States on the 1st of March, 1865Contd. (Made up from tn-monthly returns.) ~. Army or department. Summary. be be Army of the Potomac 103, 273 Brought forwardpresentavailable for 602, 598 Headquarters Military Division of the 17 duty. Mississippi. Present, sick in field hospitals or unfit 35, 628 Department of the Cumberland 62, 626 for duty. Department of the Tennessee 45, 649 Absent on detached service 132, 538 Left Wing, Army of Georgia 31, 644 Ahsent with leave, including prisoners 31, 695 Cavalry Corps, Military Division of the 27, 410 of war. Mississippi. Absent, in general hospitals and on 143, 449 Headquarters Military Division of West 24 sick leave ~et home. Mississippi. Absent without authority 19, 681 Reserve Brigades Military Division of 13, 748 West Mississippi. Grand aggregate, present and e965, 591 Department of the Gulf 35, 625 absent. Department of Arkansas 24, 509 Department of the Mississippi 24, 151 Sixteenth Army Corps 14,395 Headquarters Military Division of the 12 Missouri. Department of the Missouri 18, 557 Department of the Northwest 4, 731 Headquarters Middle Military Division 841 CavalnyForcesMiddleMilitary Division 12, 980 Nineteenth Army Corps 6,612 Middle Department 2,089 Department of Washington 26, 056 Department of West Virginia 15, 517 Department of Pennsylvania 820 Department of the East 7,462 Department of Virginia 45, 986 Department of North Carolina 34, 945 Department of the South 11, 510 Department of Kentucky 10, 655 Northern Department 11, 229 Department of the Pacific 7, 024 Department of New Mexico 2, 501 Total 602, 598 a By the 1st of May, 1865, the aggregate number (965,591) was increased to 1,000,516 by additional enlistments.t THOMAS M. ViNCENT, Assistant Adjutant-General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, November 18, 1865. [Inclosure.] ADJT. GEN.S OFFICE, BUREAU FOR COLORED TROOPS, Washington, D. 0., October 20, 1865. GENERAL: To the 101,950 colored soldiers in the Service of the United States at the date of my last report, the following additions have been made during the year, namely: 17 regiments of infantry, aggregate strength 16,201 2 regiments of heavy artillery, aggregate strength 2,703 2 batteries light artillery, aggregate strength - - - 251 1 regiment of cavalry, aggregate strength ____ 1 255 Recruits, drafted men, and substitutes sent to old regiments __ _ 29 099 Totalgain ___ __ 49 509 *An examination of the original returns for February 28, 1865 (from Which the numbers in this column were compiled), shows that all officers and men reported as present for duty, on extra or daily duty, and in arrest or confinement, are here included under the head of aggregate present available for duty. t But see a later official compilation for April 30, 1865 (Vol. IV, this series, p. 1283), which gives an aggregate of 1,052,038 Page 138 138 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Four thousand two hundred and forty-four recruits were enlisted at the rendezvous established in the disloyal States and credited to loyal States under section 3 of the act of Congress approved July 4, 1864. * On the 15th of July, 1865, the date on which the last organization of colored troops was mustered in, there were in the service of the United States Aggregate. 120 regiments of infantry 98,938 12 regiments heavyartillery 15,662 10 batterieslight artillery 1,311 7regimentscavalry~~~ . 7,245 Total 123,156 The foregoing is the largest number of colored troops in service at any one time during the war. The entire number of troops, commissioned and enlisted, in this branch of the service during the war is 186,097. The States in which this force was recruited or drafted are as fol lows, namely: - Maine 104 New Hampshire 125 Vermont 120 RhodeIsland 1,837 Massachusetts 3,966 Connecticut _____ 1 764 New York _____ 4 125 New Jersey. _____ 1 185 Pennsylvania _____ 8 612 Delaware Maryland _____ 8 718 District of Columbia - - _____ 3 269 Virginia _____ 5 723 West Virginia 196 Alabama 4,969 ______ Mississippi 17,869 Louisiana _____ 24 052 Arkansas _____ 5 526 Tennessee 20,133 Kentucky _____ 23 703 Michigan 1,387 5,092 1,537 1,811 8,344 104 440 165 5,035 5,462 3,486 1,044 2,080 47 95 5,896 Total enlisted 178,975 Officers 7,122 Aggregate 186,097 Ohio Indiana Illinois...- Missouri Minnesota Iowa Wisconsin NorthCarolina South Carolina Georgia - Florida --- Kansas Texas Colorado Territory - State or Territory unknown -- - The loss during the war, from all causes except muster out of organ- izations in consequence of expiration of term of service or because service was no longer required, is 68,178. The number of colored troops already mustered out, or under orders for muster out, is as follows, namely: Aggregate strength. 28, 354 172 3,007 571 1, 130 33,234 * This number was subsequently changed to 5,052. See Vol. IV, this series, p. 1270. 32 regiments of infantry 2 independent companies and band 2 regiments of heavy artillery 4 batteries of light artillery 1 regiment of cavalry Total Page 139 LTNION AUTHORITIES. 139 The number of organizations discontinued during the war, by con- solidation or transfer, and their strength when discontinued, is as follows, namely: Aggregate strength. 27 regiments of infantry 9,337 1 regiment of heavy artillery 607 Total The aggregate of colored troops remaining in service, after the exe- cution of all orders to this date for muster out of organizations, is as follows, namely: Aggregate strength. 83 regiments of infantry 66, 073 9 regiments of heavy artillery 12, 394 6 light batteries of artillery 701 6 regiments of cavalry 5,856 Total 85,024 There have been received at this office since June 1, 1863 Applications for appointment 9,019 3,790 Candidates rejected by the Board 1,472 Candidatesappointed 2,818 Total number of appointments and promotions 3,573 Provisional appointments made by department commanders confirmed at thisoffice - 481 White soldiers discharged to accept appointment - 1,767 For further details respecting examinations, appointments, resigna- tions, and matters of a kindred nature, attention is respectfully invited to appendix marked B,* in which will also be found an exhibit of the organizations discontinued by consolidation, muster out, and those remaining in service. The reputation of the organization for efficiency, good conduct, and reliability has steadily advanced; and the reports of officers of the Inspector-Generals Department, so far as they have come to the knowledge of this office, are very satisfactory as to its present condition. The commission appointed for the State of Delaware, under the provisions of section 24 of the act of Congress approved February 24, 1864, having been dissolved, there is at this time in session, under the provisions of the act referred to, only the commission or board for the State of Maryland, which has been in session since October, 1864. The whole number of claims for compensation on account of the enlistment of slaves in the service of the United States, filed with the boards in both the above States, is 3,971. Compensation, varying in amount, was awarded upon 733 of these claims; 294 have been rejected by the commissions as not being well founded, and the remainder are still before the Board. The total * Omitted Page 140 140 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. amount of compensation awarded loyal owners is $213,883. Twenty- five claims have been paid, amounting in the aggregate to $6,900, leaving 708 claims unpaid, amounting to $206,983. Ninteen thousand nine hundred and thirty dollars and forty cents have been expended in salaries of members of boards and to defray the current expenses of the same, including rent of rooms, purchase of fuel, stationery, & c., making the total expenditures to this date $26,830.40. In closing this report it affords me pleasure to acknowledge the important services rendered the Bureau by Maj. F. W. Taggard, assist- ant adjutant-general of volunteers, in charge of rolls and returns, and Maj. A. F. Rockwell, assistant adjutant-general of volunteers, general assistant and disbursing officer. To their efficient and cordial co-opera- tion may be attributed whatever of success has been attained in the management of the Bureau. The employ~s of the office, all originally detailed from the volun- teer service, have zealously and faithfully discharged the duties assigned them. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. W. FOSTER, Assistant Adjutant- General Volunteers. Bvt. Brig. Gen. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General, U. S. Army, Washington, D. U. WAR DEPARTMENT, ORDNANCE OFFICE, October 20, 1865. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: SIR: I submit the following report of the principal operations of the Ordnance Department during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1865, with such remarks and recommendations as the interests of that branch of the military service seem to require: The fiscal resources and the disbursements of the department during the year were as follows, viz: Amount of appropriations remaining in the Treasury June 80,1864- $4,978,791.97 In the Government depositories, to the credit of disbursing officers, on same date 1,797,387.16 Amount of appropriations from June 30, 1864, to June 30, 1865, including the fixed annual appropriation for arming and equip ping the militia 38,800,000.00 Received since June 30,1864, on account of damages to arms in hands of troops, from sales of arms to officers, and of condemned stores, and from all other sources not before mentioned 207,476.97 Total 45,783,656.10 Amount of expenditures since June 30,1864 43,112,531.27 In the Government depositories, to the credit of disbursing officers, June3O,1865 2,671,124.83 Amount of appropriations remaining in the Treasury same date - Total 45,783,656.10 The estimates for the next fiscal year call for appropriations only for continuing the armament of our permanent fortifications, and for the work already begun for increasing the manufacturing and storage capacity of the arsenals, including a distinct provision for the proper storage and care of gunpowder. These are all measures not confined to the necessities of war, but requisite for keeping up a suitable prep Page 141 UNION AUTHORITIES. 14i aration for any contingency and for preserving the large and valuable munitions of war which the country now possesses. The manufacturing capacity of the arsenals was steadily increased from the date of my last report until May, when the sudden termina- tion of hostilities made it apparent that the immediate demand for munitions of war beyond the supply then on hand and contracted for had ceased. Measures were promptly taken to reduce the manufacture and pur- chase of supplies, and to provide for necessary storage, and for pre- serving the vast quantities of ordnance and ordnance stores which had been issued to the armies and captured from the enemy. Exten- sive temporary buildings have been erected at some of the principal arsenals, and much of this property has already been received and securely stored in them. Large and commodious fire-proof workshops are now being erected at Allegheny, Watervliet, and Frankford Arsenals; and so much of these buildings as will not be required in time of peace for manu- facturing purposes can be advantageously used as store-houses, of which the want of an adequate supply is now manifest. It is in contemplation to erect extensive fire-proof workshops at Washington Arsenal, which is considered an eligible position for a first-class arsenal. A portion of these shops can likewise be used for storing the large quantities of ordnance supplies which are now neces- sarily kept in insecure temporary buildings at that arsenal. Money for this object has already been appropriated by Congress. The importance to the country of having the armaments placed in the forts as rapidly as they can be prepared to receive them is so evi- dent that I have caused the manufacture of sea-coast gun carriages to be continued as rapidly as practicable at the two arsenals which possess the proper facilities for making them; and orders have been given to the several founders, who have been engaged in making heavy guns for this department, for as many guns as carriages can be made for. I have been informed by the chief engineer that he will be prepared to receive guns in the forts faster than carriages can now be made, and it is in contemplation to increase the capacity for manufacturing sea-coast carriages. Experimental wrought-iron field and siege gun carriages have also been made and tested, with results so satisfactory as to render it certain that these carriages may be advantageously substituted for the wooden carriages, and it is proposed to make no more gun carriages of wood. The smooth-bore cannon of large caliber, which have been used during the war, have given satisfaction, and are regarded as perfectly reliable. The great importance of having reliable rifled guns of large caliber is universally admitted, and the attention of this Gov- ernment and of the nations of Europe has been directed to that object, but so far, it is believed, without entire success in its accomplishment. The many failures, by bursting, of the celebrated Parrott guns in the land and naval service have weakened confidence in them, and make it the imperative duty of this department to seek elsewhere for a more reliable rifle gun. Mr. Horatio Ames, of Falls Village, Conn., invented a plan of mak- ing wrought-iron guns, which many believe would possess those qual- ities which are so very desirable for guns of heavy caliber, and although the cost of these guns was necessarily very great in coin- parison with the cost of cast-iron guns, a conditional order was give Page 142 142 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. to Mr. Ames to manufacture fifteen of them for the Government, the condition being that the guns should be superior io any rifled guns in the service. One of these guns was fired under the direction of a board of officers, who unanimously expressed the opinion that the Ames wrought-iron guns possess, to a degree never before equaled by any cannon of equal weight offered to our service, the essential qualities of great lateral and longitudinal strength, and great powers of endurance under heavy charges; that they are not liable to burst explosively and without warning, even when fired under very high charges, and that they are well adapted to the wants of the service generally, but especially whenever long ranges and high velocities are required. The Board also expressed the opinion that the fifteen Ames 7-inch guns possessed sufficient weight and strength to receive an 8-inch bore, and recommended that the gun which had been fired under their direction should be reamed up to eight inches and sub- jected to further trial. They further decided that Mr. Ames had fulfilled the obligation incurred by him in his contract to furnish the gun, and that so many of the guns as should endure a proof of ten rounds with the service charge, and pass the proper inspection, should be accepted and paid for. Two of the fourteen guns burst in proof, exhibiting serious defects in their manufacturedefects in weldingwhich I had been appre- hensive could not be avoided. The guns which endured the proof of ten rounds were accepted and paid for by this Department. The gun which was fired under the direction of the Board was bored up to eight inches and fired twenty-four times with service charges, when it burst, exhibiting the same defects that were developed in the other guns which burst. The failures in subsequent firing indicate that these guns cannot be relied upon, and that no more of them ought to be made for the department. Believing that, with our present knowledge of the properties of metals and our skill in working them, reliable rifle guns of large caliber can be made of cast-iron, I have, with your sanction, caused a pair of 8-inch rifle guns of the supposed proper model and weight to be made. These guns are now at Fort Monroe undergoing extreme proof, and should their endurance be satisfactory it is proposed to have other guns like them made. NATIONAL ARMORY. The capacity of this establishment for the manufacture of muskets was not increased after the date of my last report, and upon the con- clusion of hostilities, in view of the large number of muskets on hand of a model which will probably become obsolete very soon, the manu- facture was reduced as rapidly as it could be done with economy; and at present no new muskets are being assembled. Only those parts which were in different stages of advancement are being finished. In my last report I stated that it was in contemplation to change the manufacture at the National Armory as soon as the best model for a breech-loading musket could be established, and that details for effecting this measure would receive the early attention of this Bureau. Extensive experiments have been made by a board of officers, and also under my direction and supervision, to effect that object; but as yet no arm has been presented which I have been wilting to recom- mend for adoption. The selection of a proper model is considered s Page 143 UNION AUTHORITIES. 143 important a measure that I have preferred to act slowly and with great care in its selection rather than take a false step and have to retrace it. I hope to be able very soon to recommend a model for your approval. A plan for altering the muzzle-loading musket into efficient breech- loaders has been devised by the master armorer at Springfield Armory, which appears to be superior to any other that I have seen. I have taken measures to have 5,000 muskets altered according to it, and will have some of them issued to troops for trial as soon as the alterations can be made. The muskets of the prescribed pattern which have been turned in by the troops are being cleaned and repaired. The number of Springfield muskets on hand and suitable for issue will reach nearly one million, while the number of foreign and cap- tured muskets will exceed half a million. As none of the latter class will probably be required for issue, and as the care and preservation of them will be attended with considerable expense, they should be sold whenever suitable prices can be obtained for them. This recom- mendation will apply to other ordnance stores of a perishable nature, which are in excess of the wants of the department. In my last annual report 1 called your attention to the danger of keeping large quantities of gunpowder at our arsenals, which are gen- erally in the vicinity of closely populated districts, and recommended that a suitable site for a depot capable of storing at least 100,000 bar- rels of gunpowder should be acquired. The conclusion of the war has left this department with vast supplies of gunpowder an4 prepared ammunition on hand, all of which has to be stored at the arsenals, and much of it in buildings which are entirely unfit for the purpose, there- by endangering the safety of the arsenals, amid in some cases of private property in the vicinity. This evil cannot be corrected too soon, and I earnestly call your attention to the necessity of obtaining from Con- gress authority to purchase a suitable site for a powder depot. In my annual estimnate I have asked for an appropriation for the purchase of a site and the erection of magazines. Only so much powder as may be necessary to supply the current wants of the Army should be kept at the arsenals. The military reserve at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., being a suitable position for a powder depot for supplying the Mississippi Valley, and a portion of it having some years ago been assigned to this depart- ment for the erection of powder magazines, I have taken measures to have three magazines capable of containing 5,000 barrels each erected on it, and two of them will be finished this fall. In my last annual report I stated that, in pursuance of the pro- visions of the act of Congress approved April 19, 1864, possession had been taken of Rock Island for the purpose of building and maintain- ing thereon an arsenal for the construction, deposit, and repairs of arms and munitions of war. The United States has not yet acquired a title to the property which has been taken possession of. It is important that the provisions of the act of Congress above referred to should be carried into effect and a complete title to all of Rock Island acquired by the United States before any permanent buildings are commenced. I recommend that this be done with as little delay as practicable. Evidences of title to the land, of which possession has been taken, have been forwarded to you for examination by the Attorney-General, as is required by the act above referred to Page 144 144 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Adjacent to Rock Island and connected with it by a dam is a small island known as Benhams Island, of which possession has not been taken. It appears to have been the intention of Congress in passing the act above referred to that the United States should have full and complete possession and control of Rock Island for military purposes. Should Benhams Island or any other small islands or accretions in the river lying between Rock Island and the shores of Illinois and Iowa be held by private parties, with the right of way across the island, as is now claimed by the owner of Benhams Island, the prin- cipal object of the law will be thereby defeated. If additional legislation is necessary to give the United States full possession and control of the whole of Rock Island, including the adjacent island, I recommend that it be asked of Congress. The buildings erected as a prison and barracks on Rock Island have been turned over to the Ordnance Department and are now used as store-houses, & c. Several of the Southern arsenals have been reoccupied, and it is the intention of the department to reoccupy all of them, except the Fay- etteville Arsenal, in North Carolina, which was destroyed. An extensive powder mill at Augusta, Ga., and a large armory (unfinished) and a laboratory at Macon, Ga., which were built by the rebel government, have fallen into possession of this department. The necessary measures for preserving the property have been taken. The number of permanent U. S. arsenals and armories, exclusive of temporary depots established for war purposes, most of which have been and all of which will soon be discontinued, is now twenty-eight. In addition to the command and supervision of these, the officers of this department are charged with the inspection of materials and manufacture of ordnance, gunpowder, and such small-arms and equip- ments as are made for the Government at the foundries, powder mills, and other private establishments. These duties furnish constant employment for all the officers of the ordnance corps now authorized by law, the total number of which is sixty-four. The arsenals alone require, as a minimum number in time of peace, fifty-six, and the Bureau and inspection duties at least eight more. During the late rebellion the want of a greater number of regular ordnance officers educated for and experienced in their peculiar duties was seriously felt; and the necessity, arising from the inadequate provision in this respect, of the frequent employment of acting ordnance officers caused much embarrassment and confusion, and was detrimental to the public service and interest. These now require that the additional offices of the Ordnance Department authorized temporarily by sections 4 and 12 of the act of March 3, 1863, shall be continued as part of the military peace establishment. The tabular statement accompanying this report shows in detail the ordnance, arms, and other ordnance supplies which have been procured and issued through this department during the past fiscal year. The armies in the field were amply and well supplied in this respect. The permanent fortifications have had their armaments kept in order, and strengthened and increased by the addition of guns of heavy caliber and great efficiency. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. B. DYER, Brigadier- General and Chief of Ordnance Page 145 UNION AUTHORITiEs. 145 Statement of ordnance, arms, ammunition, and other ordnance stores procured and supplied to the Army, and the quantity remaining on hand at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Articles. Field guns of different calibers Siege guns and mortars of different calibers.. Sea-coast guns and mortars ofdifferent caliber,,. Cannon-balls, shells, and other projectiles for field guns. Cannon-balls, shells, and other projectiles for siege guns and mortars. Cannon-halls, shells, and other projectiles for sea-coast guns and mortars. Artillery carriages for field service Artillery carriages for siege service Artillery carriages for sea-coast forts Mortar beds Caissons Traveling forges Battery wagons Muskets and rifles. - - Carbines Pistols and sabers Infantry accouterments sets. - Cavalry accouterments Horse equipments --- Artillery harness for two horses do... Saddle blankets Ammunition for field guns rounds.. Ammunitiouforsiege guns and mortars.. do. -. Ammunition for sea.coast guns and mortars, rounds. Ammunition for small-arms rounds. - Perdu8sion.caps ~5~er pounds.. Niter do.... Sulphur do.... Lead do.... balls do.... 0 8 O 0a b~- 0 875 1, 235 146 424 812 612 278, 324 969, 110 193,297 312,305 469,619 117,658 618 725 134 111 790 545 142 329 616 619 70 116 67 97 1,167,405 426,571 22616 142,201 34,821 70,744 80,645 112, 067 355, 434 316, 130 68, 428 127, 850 26,958 142,497 3, 029 4, 069 79, 829 238, 388 793, 855 1 702, 156 53,009 42,738 4, 805 54, 465 209,315, 880 261, 636,538 150, 931, 237 178, 211, 512 1, 251, 842 2, 242, 900 980, ~4 1, 300, 012 2, 329, 230 6, 619,925 8, 120, 240 622,054 30, 668, 929 19, 743, 668 6, 128, 502 11, 295, 637 ORDNANCE OFFICE, October 20, 1865. A. B. DYER, Brigadier-General and Chief of Ordnance. OFFICE COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF SUBSISTENCE, Washington City, D. C., October 20, 1865. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War: SIR: In colupliance with the special instructions of the War Depart- inent of October 7, addressed to chiefs of bureaus, I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the Subsistence Department during the past year: The subsistence stores required for distribution to the several armies in the field have during the year been purchased, as was done during the earlier years of the war, in the principal markets of the Northern States. The facilities and cost of transportation to the various points where they were required for issue, the relative prices in the different 10 R RSERIES III, VOL v ~6 be~ be ,0 p,-4~ a o O~ -.~ ka ~ ~ ~ a O-.~m 354 32 593 676, 815 14, 779 178, 235 448 109 797 7 307 87 42 398. 404 99,051 37, 503 64, 692 271, 925 93, 281 95, 030 1,255 197, 940 286, 925 15, 236 4, 631 188, 784, 530 238, 063, 778 1, 583, 640 719,678 5, 582, 330 21,254 213,122 10, 751, 494 11,906, 208 0~ V 0 8 -u a .0 0 0 1,756 738 831 570, 639 510, 823 609, 042 895 156 538 464 948 99 122 1, 195, 572 65, 766 68, 082 128, 020 419, 639 102, 997 74, 425 5, 843 120, 277 1, 208, 686 80, 511 54, 639 282, 167, 888 91, 078, 971 1,911,102 1, 561, 188 3, 366, 825 8, 098, 986 408, 932 39,661, 103 5, 517, 93 Page 146 146 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. markets, and a dne regard to the general conunercial interests of the country, have governed this department in apportioning these pur- chases among the several market centers of the country. New Orleans, gradually resuming a healthy commercial condition, already enables this departmentand in further aid of such resumptionto obtain in that market a considerable portion of the supplies required for distri- 1)utiomi from that point. Although the present general condition of the Southermi States is not such as to afford a large amount of supplies for the troops on duty therein, still, the officers of this department are able in some parts of those States to enter into contracts for beef-cat- tle amid slaughtered beef, as also to some extent to purchase therein other articles. The principal purchasing officers of the Subsistence Department have performed their duties with great fidelity to the interests of the country and with much mercamitile ability, and also, as I am frequently assured, to the general satisfaction of the coin- inercial men of the country with whom they have transacted the busi- miess of this departmemit. So far as has been practicable, subsistence stores have been obtained by advertising for and receiving sealed proposals for their delivery. During the past six months 402 such advertisenients have been received and placed on file in this office. The principal commissaries immediately responsible for the subsist- ence of the several armies in the field have pei~formed the important and often difficult duties of receiving, protecting, and distributing the supplies forwarded to them with comnmendabhe efficiency and suc- cess. rrhey have also, by great energy, been able, to a considerable extent, to subsist the troops upon the resources of the country in which the armnies were operating or through which they were passing. It is believed that during the entire war no campaign, contemuplated movement, or expedition has failed on account of the inability of the Subsistence Departmnent to meet its proper requirements. It is also believed that the troops, wherever stationed or operating, have, with rare exceptions, been supplied with rations in good and wholesome comidition. While the Subsistence Departmnent has furnished a constant, timely, and adequate supply of subsistence for the several large armnies occu- pying widely different fields of operations, as also for the troops at all the separate positions occupied throughout the entire country, it is due to the Quartermasters Department that its vast labors in the transportation of these supplies be recognized as having been per- formued with a readiness and efficiency worthy of the highest commen- dation. As a single item indicating the amount of these labors, I instance the fact that during the year 1863 the Quartermasters Department shipped from the port of New York an average of 7,000 packages of subsistence stores per day for every working day of the year, and for the year 1864, 6,727 packages pem~ day. The sudden close of the war, and the comisequent immuediate muster out of a large part of the Army, unavoidably left on hand in some of the depots an excessive supply of subsistence stores. This excess has been sent to other points, where stores were required, instead of mneeting such requirements by further purchases. By thins course a considerable part of these supplies have been, or will be, economnically disposed of. Surplus and damaged stores are in process of beimig disposed of by sale. A considerable quantity of hard bread, surplus or too old for issue to troops, remains to be disposed of. A sufficient quantity of this and other surplus articles have been held back from an earlier sale with the view of meeting, in an economical manner, th Page 147 UNION AUTHORITIES. 147 urgent wants of those people, white and colored, who have, by the events of the war, been reduced to a suffering condition; to whom it has been deemed an act of charity, due from the Government, to make limited issues of food. I have the honor to report that under your orders of June 29, 1865, directing the discontinuance of the whisky ration, and the sale of the whisky on hand, the issue of that article was at once stopped. The sale has already taken place at many points, and will soon be completed. During the past year, as in the previous years of the war, a very considerable income has been derived from the sale of the hides, tal- low, and other parts of beef cattle not issuable as beef to the troops. The total amount of such sales has not been ascertained. At the Washington and Alexandria depots alone they amount to $344,468. 98~ for the year ending 30th of September, 1865, and to $1,377,875.93 during the four years ending at that date. Under the able and judicious management of Bvt. Brig. Gen. William Hoffman, U. S. Army, Commissary-General of Prisoners, the prisoners of war, held under his charge at thirty-two forts, prison barracks, camps, and hospitals, have been well and humanely sub- sisted, having received a sufficient portion and variety of the ration to insure health, leaving in the hands of the several issuing commis- saries, as savings, that portion of the ration not deemed necessary for persons living in entire idleness. The pecuniary value of these savings has constituted a prison fund, available, under the instruc- tions of the Commissary-General of Prisoners, for the purchase of articles necessary for the prison barracks and hospitals, and for meet- ing other necessary expenses of the prisoners. General Hoffman has already, under your instructions, transferred to the Subsistence Department a savings~ credit of the amount of $1,507,359.01, and reports that there remains yet to be transferred an amount not less than $337,766.98, making a total amount of $1,845,125.99. The discharge of volunteer forces, and the consequent reduction of the expenses of this department, will enable it to meet all demands without exhausting the appropriation for the current fiscal year. The current work of this Bureau is, habitually, up to date. The examination of the money and property accounts is nearly as close up to date as it is practicable to have it. It would, however, facilitate the prompt examination of the money and property accounts of the officers of the Subsistence Department if the law permitted the former, as well as the latter, to be sent, by the officers rendering them, direct to this Bureau for its administrative action before going to the accounting officers of the Treasury. I do not doubt that the Third Auditor is of the same opinion. Under section 3 of the act of July 4, 1864, authorizing the claims of loyal citizens in States not in rebellion, for subsistence actually fur- nished to the Army of the United States, and receipted for by the proper officer receiving the same, or which may have been taken by such officers without giving such receipt, to be submitted to the Com- missary-General of Subsistence, and making it his duty to cause each claim to be examined, there have been submitted as follows: Whole number 1 470 Approved for payment 50 Disallowed 413 Awaiting explanations & c 650 Awaitingexaniination 35 Page 148 148 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. With your approval it is proposed to ascertain and exhibit, in a tabular form, the total quantity of each article of subsistence stores purchased for use of the Army during each year of the war, from 1861 to 1865, inclusive. Such a statement would form an interesting addition to the mercantile statistics of the country. Under the act of March 3, 1865, for the better organization of the Subsistence Department, authorizing, during the continuance of the rebellion, the selection and assignment of commissaries of subsist- ence of the volunteer and regular service to geographical military divisions, to separate armies in the field, to military departments, to principal subsistence depots, and to the office of the Commissary- General of Subsistence as assistants, with the rank, pay, and emnolu- ments of a colonel of the Subsistence Department, there have been so selected and assigned nine commissaries of subsistence; one from the regular service and eight from the volunteer service. rphere have also been selected and assigned, under authority of the same act, to inspection or other special duty, two commissaries of subsistence with the rank of lieutenant-colonel; one from the volunteer and the other from the regular service. Also, to divisions, two commissaries of subsistence with the rank of major; both from the volunteer service. During the past year two vacancies have occurred in the regular service of the Sub~istence Department; one by the brief sickness and death, after much zealous and efficient field service, of Maj. John Kellogg, and the other by resignation of Capt. Edward R. Hopkins, a valuable officer. Both of these vacancies were filled by selections and appointments from the volunteer branch of the Subsistence Department. The Subsistence Department at the commencement of the war con- tained but twelve officers of all grades. It had reached this number by small additions, authorized by law, from time to time, as the Army was increased and the territory occupied by it extended; the several additions subsequent to the act of April 14, 1818, by which a commis- sary-general of subsistence was originally authorized, being as fol- lows: By the act of March 2, 1820, two commissaries; by the act of July 5, 1838, five commissaries; by the act of September 20, 1850, four commissaries. Since the commencement of the rebellion there have been added as follows: By the act of August 3, 1861, twelve commissaries; by the act of February 9, 1863, five commissaries, making a total of twenty-nine officers of all grades. A further increase is not recommended until it shall be made to appear that the present number of officers is inadequate to the service required of the department. The officers of this department, regulars and volunteers, have, with but few exceptions, performed their duties with signal fidelity and success. Some of them have been held from serving with troops in the field, much against their choice and ambition. To the able senior assistant commissary-general of subsistence, and to the other officers on duty in this Bureau, is largely due the credit of the general good condition of the affairs of the Subsistence Depart- ment which I am enabled to report. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. B. EATON, Commissary- Geme~ctt of Subsistence Page 149 UNION AUTHORITIES. 149 WAR DEPARTMENT, SURGEON-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. 0., October 20, 1865. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: SIR: I have the honor to submit the following statement of finances and general transactions of the Medical Department for the fiscal year ending Jnne 30, 1865: RECEIPTS. Balance in the Treasury July 1, 1864 $914, 135.10 Balance in the hands of the disbursing officers 324,061.65 Balance remaining of appropriation for artificial limbs for soldiers and seamen, per act of July 16, 1862, chapter 182, section 6 4,265.00 Annual appropriation for the year ending June 30, 1865, by act of June 15, 1864, chapter 124, section 1 8,930,640.00 Deficiency appropriation for the current fiscal year, by act of March 2,1865, chapter 73, section 8 3,251,000.00 Annual appropriation for the year ending June 30, 1866, by act of March 3, 1865, chapter 81, section 1, required for disbursement during the present fiscal year, and placed to the credit of the Medical Department for that purpose March 22, 1865 6,000,000.00 Amount drawn from appropriation made by joint resolution of April 29, 1864, to cover expenditures for medical attendance and medicine for 100-days volunteers 300,000.00 Amount refunded by the Subsistence Department for board of sick and wounded soldiers in private hospitals 64,293.40 Amount refunded for medical attendance and supplies furnished prisoners of war 140,506.08 Amount received for subsistence of officers in hospitals 286,281.04 Amount disallowed in account of Ebenezer Swift, U. S. Army, for June, 1863, and refunded from appropriation for pay of volun- teers - Proceeds of sales of condemned and unserviceable hospital property Proceeds of sales of ice not required for hospital use Value of books and surgical instruments sold to medical officers andprivatephysicians Received for hospital property sold to the Quartermasters Depart- ment Received for medicines, & c., issued to refugees and freedmen Recovered for hospital property lost or damaged in transportation Rec6vered of Actg. Asst. Surg. J. S. Geltner, U. S. Army, for property and moneys illegally disposed of Amount received for care of patients belonging tc the U. S. Navy Amount received from all other sources 17,762.91 59, 671.41 12,352.25 8,311.30 7,003.61 554.73 534.45 1,000.00 283.00 446.20 Totalcreditsfor the year 20,323,102.13 Amount over-expended by disbursing officers 166~ 578. 34 20,489,680.47 DISBURSEMENTS DURING THE YEAR. For medical and hospital supplies - $15, 204,497.20 Forpayofprivatephysicians 1,865,821.82 Forpayofhospitalemploy~s~~ 949,462.46 Forexpensesofpurveyingdepots 683,830.33 For care of sick soldiers in private hospitals 240,476.11 For artificial limbs for soldiers and seamen a 126,538.00 Expensesof hospitals for officers 243 876.37 Miscellaneous expenses of the Medical Department 13,996.94 19,328,499.23 Balancein the Treasury June 30, 1865 1,161,181.24 20,489,680.47 a Furnished during the yearartificial legs, 1,388; arms, 1,121 Page 150 150 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. The ample provision for sick and wounded existing at the date of my last annual report was increased during the ensuing months until a maximum of 204 general hospitals, with a capacity of 136,894 beds, was reached. Field hospitals, hospital transports and cars, ambulance corps, and the purveying depots were kept in condition to meet all possible requirements, and General Shermans army was met at Savanuah by four first-class sea-going steamers, thoroughly equipped as hospital transports, with extra stores and supplies for 5,000 beds, should it have become necessary to establish large hospitals upon his line of operations. Upon the receipt of General Orders, No. 77, dated War Depart- ment, Adjutant-Generals Office, April 28, 1865, immediate measures were taken to reduce the expenses of this department. Of the 201 gen- eral hospitals opened on January 1, 1865, 170 have been discontinued. Three of the four sea-going hospital transports have been discharged; the fourth is now constantly engaged in the transfer of sick and wounded from Southern ports to the general hospitals in New York Harbor. All of the river hospital boats have been turned over to the Quartermasters Department, and but a single hospital train is retained in the Southwest. The vast amount of medicines and hospital supplies becoming sur- plus through the reduction of the Army have been carefully collected at prominent points and are being disposed of at public auction, most of the articles bringing their full value, and in some instances their cost price. Since April, 1861, there have been appointed 547 surgeons and assistant surgeons of volunteers; mustered into service, 2,109 volun- unteer regimental surgeons and 3,882 volunteer regimental assistant surgeons; employed as acting staff surgeons, 75; as acting assistant surgeons, 5,532. As far as returns have been received during the war 34 officers of the medical staff have been killed or died of wounds received in action, 24 wounded, and 188 have died from disease or accident incurred in the service; 1 died in a rebel prison; 6 of yellow fever. A completed record will increase this number. Two hundred and fourteen surgeons and assistant surgeons of volunteers, reported as supernumerary, have been mustered out. In compliance with the act of Congress hospital chaplains have been reported for muster omit when the hospitals to which they were attached have been discontinued. Of the 265 appointed during the war 29 are still in commission. The business of this office has been largely increased by the neces- sity for immediate examination and settlement of the accounts of staff and regimental medical officers mustered out of service, while the number of applications from the Pension Bureau for official evidence of cause of death now averages 1,550 a month, the number received and acted upon in the last fiscal year being over 19,000. Other official inquiries requiring reference to records and hospital registers are very numerous. The returns of sick and wounded show that of white troops 1,057,423 cases have been treated in general hospitals alone from 1861 to July 1, 1865, of which the mortality rate was 8 per cent. In addition to the alphabetical registers of dead, not yet fully completed, the records of the Medical Department contain 30,000 special reports of the more important forms of surgical injuries, of disease, and of operations. These reports, with statistical data and a pathological collection nu Page 151 UNION AUTHORITIES. 151 bering 7,630 specimens, furnish a mass of valuable information which is being rapidly arranged and tabulated as a medical and surgical his- tory of the war, for the publication of the first volumes of which an appropriatioii will be asked. In this connection and as illustrating more in detail the importance of this work the Army Medical Museum assumes the highest value. By its array of indisputable facts, supported and enriched by full reports, it supplies instruction otherwise unattainable and preserves for future application the dearly-bought experience of four years of war. Apart from its great usefulness it is also an honorable record of the skill and services of those medical officers whose contributions constitute its value and whose incentive to these self-imposed labors has been the desire to elevate their profession. A small appropriation has been asked to continue and extend this collection. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, an Army Medical Board was appointed to meet in Cincinnati, Ohio, on the 18th day of October, 1864, for the examination of candidates for the medical staff of the Army and of assistant surgeons of that corps for promotion. Nine applicants for admission into the medical staff were invited to present themselves before this board. Of this number two were fully exam- ined and approved, one withdrew before his examinations were con- cluded, two were rejected as unqualified, and four failed to appear. Six assistant surgeons were examined for promotion and found quali- fied. Two assistant surgeons were reported for re-examination. Of the approved candidates two have been appointed assistant surgeons. Boards have been in session at New York; Washington, D. C.; Hilton Head, S. C.; New Orleans, La.; Memphis, Tenn.; Little Rock, Ark., and Cincinnati, Ohio, for the examination of candidates for appoint- ment in the volunteer medical staff. One hundred and fifty-two can- didates were invited before these boards, fifty-eight of whom passed satisfactory examinations and were appointed accordingly. The remainder were rejected, failed to appear, or withdrew before examni- nation was completed. These boards were discontinued in June, 1865. The casualties in this corps since June 30, 1864, are as follows: Appointed, 96; promoted, 40; restored, 2; resigned, 32; declined, 1; died, 7; dismissed, 3; discharged, 3; dropped, 1; mustered out, 19; canceled, 7. Boards for the examination of candidates for appointment as med- ical officers to colored troops have been in session permanently at Boston, New York, Washington, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Saint Louis, and at such other points from time to time as the necessities of the service demanded. In nearly all sections of the country the health of the troops has been fully equal to that of the preceding years, though military move- inents of unprecedented magnitude have been pushed to successful termination without regard to seasons. An epidemic of yellow fever prevailed in New Berne, N. C., in September, October, and November, 1864, causing 278 deaths among the troops stationed there, of whom 571 were attacked. The released or exchanged prisoners arriving at Wilmington, N. C., from rebel prisons suffered from an epidemic of typhoid fever, which, however, was arrested by strict attention to hygienic rules and prompt transfer to Northern hospitals. With these exceptions no serious epidemics have appeared, and it is. interesting to note that quarantine regulations strictly enforced by military authority have proven, during the occupation of Southern sea-ports and cities by our troops, to be an absolute protection against th Page 152 152 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. importation of contagious or infectious diseases. In view of the apprehensions entertained in regard to the Asiatic cholera, now devastating the shores of the Mediterranean, this becomes a significant fact. For recommendations of measures tending to the greater efficiency of the Medical Department you are respectfully referred to the special report from this office called for by circular dated War Department, Adjutant-Generals Office, October 7, 1865. In conclusion, I desire to bear testimony to the ability, courage, and zeal manifested throughout the war by the officers of the Medical Department under all circumstances and upon all occasions. With hardly an exception they have been actuated by the highest motives of national and professional pride, and the number who have been killed and wounded bears most honorable testimony to their devotion to duty on the field of battle. To the medical directors of armies in the field and of military geo- graphical departments especial praise is due for the successful execu- tion of their arduous and responsible duties. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOS. K. BARNES, Surgeon- General, Brevet Major- General, U. S. Array. OFFICE OF THE SIGNAL OFFICER, Washington, October 20, 1865. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.: SIR: In answer to your communication of the 7th instant, I have the honor to submit the following annual report of the operations of the Signal Corps for the year ending October 20, 1865: On the 1st of November, 1864, the corps was represented in the field by the following detachments, thoroughly equipped, active, and ener- getic, to Wit: ci 9 ii cc; 0 Detachment. ~ 0 0 S iD 0~ ~ o n a ~ u 0 ~ 0 ~ Z P~ Office of the Signal Officer 3 2 9 Department of Washington 6 1 5 66 signal Camp of Instruction 16 4 3 86 Army of the Potomac 12 3 13 167 Department of Virginia and North Carolina 15 8 14 137 Department of the South 7 13 39 Department of the Cumberland 9 10 10 87 Department of the Tennessee 6 7 7 140 Department of the Ohio 4 4 1 42 Military Division of West Mississippi 10 15 10 210 Department of Kansas 2 5 2 51 Middle Military Division 8 8 2 168 Department of the Susquehanna 4 1 2 64 Total 102 66 84 I 1,266 ~~--~ ~~---~ 168 1,15 Page 153 UNION AUTHORITIES. 153 Such was the disposition of the corps, and the following, in general terms, the nature of services performed: The duties of the corps during the past year were better understooO than in previous years, which gave to it more tone and character, an~ enabled it to approximate in most of the military departments to i~ true position. In onethe Department of the Gulfit combined all the branches of the corps of information which it was designed, and of right ought, to be. 1-Jere it added to aerial telegraphing, telescopic reconnoitering, and general scouting, the entire secret service department, thus hav- ing all information usually gathered from these sources flow into one common center, where it was compared, classified, reduced to logical form, and then laid before the commanding general to be acted npon. The advantage arising from thns concentrating these services is spe- cially apparent in the fact that particular reports and doubtful infor- mnation could be thoroughly sifted, and tested in two, three, or more different modes by ~the one officer having control of the several means for collecting knowledge of the enemys movements and designs. in other military departments, as IF have stated, the corps only approximated to this more perfect system of economy. But as the value of concentration in military organizations was being daily more and more recognized, these duties, if the war had continued, would undoubtedly have been eventually assigned to the corps wherever a detachment of it would have been placed upon duty. In the Army of the Potomac our duties were limited to signal com- munication, observing and reporting the changes and movements of the enemy, and such aide duty as we were called upon to perform. In the armies operating under Major-General Sherman the signal detachment added to signaling and telescopic reconnoitering, general scouting, courier, guide, and aide duty. The detachment in the Department of the South was limited to keeping communication open between the several military posts along the coast, and between the land and naval forces, when operating in conjunction. Upon the plains a detachment operated with the various expeditions against the Indians, keeping open communication between (letached parties and the main body of the army. In the Department of Pennsylvania the signal detachment was employed in watching the crossings of the Potomac, as well as doing general outpost duty, with instructions to give timely information to the commanding general of any threatening danger, that it might be met upon the threshold of the department, and overcome before any injury could be done to the community. In the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, in addition to communicating by signals between portions of the army, and the observing of the movements of the enemy, the detachment was bene- ficially employed in various expeditions and operations of the army and navy combined, connecting the commanders of the two forces so immediately as to make their several efforts harmonize in such man- ner that their blows fell with double effect upon the strongholds and battalions of the enemy. The insurrectionary armies having been, at the opening of the spring campaign, forced to surrender, and the power of the Govern- ment having been re-established to its rightful extent, the great work of disbanding amid returnimiig to the conditions of peace the militar Page 154 154 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. force of the United States was commenced. The Signal Corps of the Army having been organized by an act of Congresswhich in some of its provisions had a view to permanency, but gave to the corps only an organization for the term of the rebellionwas, by various orders from the War Department, materially reduced, until all that portion of it on duty east of the Mississippi River was mustered out and discharged. There now remain the detachment in the Military Division of the Mississippi, numbering 9 officers, 2 non-commissioned officers, and 35 enlisted men, and the detachment in the Military Division of the Gulf, numbering 15 officers, 13 non-commissioned officers, and 86 enlisted men. These detachments are operating with the troops upon the plains, and throughout Texas, and along the Southwestern boundary. OFFICE OF THE SIGNAL OFFICER. The office of the Signal Officer is three-fold in its character. It is, first, the headquarters of the corps, where the records are collected, conipleted, and filed, and has advisory superintendence and control of the special duties of the corps, and of all assignments of officers and men to signal duty; second, a purchasing and disbursing office, from which supplies of signal stores and equipments are issued to the various detachments of the corps in the field; third, an office for the examining of the signal accounts and returns of signal stores of all officers responsible to Government for such property. Connected with this office are two clerks of class two, to wit, Messrs. Simeon White and Alexander Ashley, appointed in 1863. To the ability and faithful exertions of these persons is owing much of the degree of system and perfection attained in the records of the office. EXPENDITURES, ETC. There were expended during the year ending September 30, 1865, of the sums appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, $8,537.06, leaving a balance which, added to that yet remaining of former appropriations and to the amount appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1866, makes the sum of $248,062 still available. SPECIAL SERVICES. Having thus given a general view of the corps, its strength, duties, and expenses, I propose, without entering into a detailed statement of the constant and various acts of service performed, which were part amid parcel of every battle fought and campaign made during the year, and which played in each a more or less important function, to muerely place upon record, through the War Department, several instances where the operations of the corps were of such vital imupor- tance that all who read must acknowledge that the Signal Corps was a valuable adjunct to the Army, and rendered such material service in the great contest just closed that its members can view with pride and infinite self-satisfaction a substantial record, made in the face of the difficulties that usually attend the introduction of a new element into any old-established system. The first instance of the kind referred to which I shall mention occurred in October, 1864, and just previous to the commencement of the great campaign of General Sherman from the northern part o Page 155 UNION AUTHORITIES. 155 Georgia to the sea-coast. That great leader, whose military genius never allowed him to overlook any visible means to aid in securing success, or guard against any and all possible occurrences to endanger his plans, in whatever enterprise undertaken, seeing the liability of his telegraph wires communicating with his depot of supplies at Alla- toona being cut, he established in addition a line of signal communi- cation through which he afterward, when the enemy obtained a lodgment in his rear and cut his telegraph wires, as was foreseen, transmitted his orders and instructions that saved from capture Alla- toona, its garrison, and stores of supplies, the value of which at that time and place cannot be computed, as without them it can well be doubted whether the great campaign, which exposed the great weak- ness of the enemy and propagated the seeds of the coming dissolution of the rebellion, could have been executed for months later. In con- nection with this transaction General Sherman states: In several instances this corps (Signal Corps) has transmitted orders and brought me information of the greatest importance that could not have reached me in any other way. I will instance one most remarkable case. When the enemy had cut our wires and actually made a lodgment on our railroad about Big Shanty, the signal officers on Vinings Hill, Kenesaw, and Allatoona sent my orders to General Corse at Rome, whereby General Corse was enabled to reach Allatoona just in time to defend it. Had it not been for the services of this corps on that occasion I am satisfied we should have lost the garrison at Allatoona and a most valuable depository of provisions there, which was worth to us and the country more than the aggregate expen~e of the whole Signal Corps for one year. This will serve to evince the important character of the services of the corps at times when operating with the army alone. The follow- ing account will demonstrate its eminent usefulness where the army and navy operated in conjunction. In the expedition organized to attack Fort Fisher in the month of January of this year, an army signal officer was with Admiral Porter, commanding the fleet, and others with General Terry, commanding the land forces, who by means of signals placed these commanding ot~cers in such immediate com- munication that the fire of the navy, which otherwise must have slackened after the assault commenced upon the part of the army, was kept up without cessation as the enemy was driven from traverse to traverse. In this connection Admiral Porter, in a communication to the Secretary of the Navy, which induced the latter to tender the thanks of the Navy Department to the War Department for this efficient agency, states: Through Mr. Clemens (signal officer) I was in constant communication with General Terry, even during the assault on Fort Fisher, and was enabled to direct the fire of the New Ironsides to the traverses occupied by the enemy, without fear of hurting our own people, from my complete reliafice on him. Thus, through this mobile system of visual telegraphing, the army and navy are made to act as a unit. During the war there were more forcible instances of this kind than the above, when, in most impor- tant crises, it would have been impossible for the navy to have ren- dered the necessary assistance save through the aid of army signals, by means of which its fire was directed to unseen points with almost as munch facility and certainty as could have been done if the gun- ners would have had the object of their aim in view. I would also state here that improvements were made during the year in the sim- ple cipher apparatus used by the corps in sending secret messages which, if they did not absolutely defy deciphering, were of such an intricate and complex character that messages sent thereby canno Page 156 156 CORRESPONDENCE. ETC. possibly be interpreted by the uninitiated within such period as to be of any service to the enemy, even should the messenger fall into his 1iands. With these references to special transactions of the corps, and hav- ing accorded to its members the merit and thanks so well earned by earnest patriotism, by zealous, faithful, and constant exertion to ren- der services throughout the war to their country, and by the success achieved, and having conceded to them the claim that no class of the military was more anxious to be useful, or welcomed with more satis- faction additional duties, we will conclude this report by calling attention to the necessity for additional action, in order to afford in the future to the Army the requisite signal service. As experience has clearly demonstrated the eminent advantage of having a signal officer attached to garrisons and posts liable to be besieged, in order to secure communication over the heads of an enemy, should occasion arise, and of having a sufficient number of signal officers as a nucleus that would be immediately available in the event of future wars, it is submitted that such action should be taken by the authorities as would secure for such contingencies the properly instructed officers. This can be done in two modes: Either by continuing a small permanent organization with specifically defined duties, or by detailing a certain number of officers from other branches of the service, and directing them to report to the Signal Officer of the Army to be instructed, with a view to their being assigned to such gar- risons and posts as it may be deemed necessary to provide with means of signal communication. If the former mode be adopted it is recommended that a board of officers, more or less acquainted with the past services of this depart- ment, be appointed to report the form of the required organization, and to define, as far as practicable, the specific duties to be assigned it, to avoid in the future the great stumbling-block which was left in the way in the past organization, and which, in many instances, crippled the usefulness of the corps by its not being properly under- stood what it could do or was expected to do. It is presumed that no argument need be presented in favor of a new organization, as it is self-evident greater interest would be taken in the service, and greater perfection attained in it, than in a simply acting corps. I have the honor, sir, to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. F. FISHER, Chief Signal Officer and Colonel, U. S. Army. CIRCULAR WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 46. ~ Washington, October 20, 1865. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF VOL- UNTEER TROOPS, VIZ, ALL CAVALRY (WHITE) EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI, AND CERTAIN VOLUNTEERS IN VARIOUS ARMIES AND DEPARTMENTS. I. Cavalry east of the Mississippi. Under paragraph V, General Orders, No. 144,, Adjutant-Generals Office, October 9, 1865, the following regiments of volunteer cavalry all of that arm remaining in service east of the Mississippi Rive Page 157 UNION AUTHORITIES. 157 were ordered mustered out. (Telegram to department commanders from Adjutant-Generals Office, dated October 16, 1865.) Alabama. First (ten companies). Florida.First and Second. Illinois.Sixth, Seventh, and Ninth. Indiana.Thirteenth. Massachusetts. Fourth. Missouri. Fourth. Michigan.Tenth. New Yorlc.Second Veteran and Fourth Provisional. New Jersey.Second. Ohio.Fifth and Twelfth. Pennsylvania. Third Provisional. Rhode Island.Third. District of Golumbia.First (squadron). II. Troops in various armies and departmentsservices no longer required. MEMORANDA. 1. October 9, 1865.Major-General Halleck, commanding Military Division of the Pacific, was directed to muster out all volunteers on the Pacific Coast, as many as possible immediately, the remainder on the arrival of the last battalion of the Fourteenth U. S. Infantry. 2. October 10, 1865.Major-General Pope, commanding the Depart- ment of the Missouri, was directed to order all California Volunteers in New Mexico to their State at onc~ for muster out. Also, to relieve as soon as possible all New Mexican Volunteers, one regiment thereof to be mustered out immediately, the remainder on the arrival of cer- tain regular troops. 3. Regiments of cavalry, infantry, and artillery ordered mustered out under special instructions of dates set opposite the organizations, respectively: Ohio.Infantry: Eighteenth, September 29, 1865. Pennsylvania.Artillery: Third Heavy, October 9, 1865 (General Orders, No. 144). New Yorlc.Infantry: One hundred and sixty-first (battalion), October 9, 1865 (General Orders, No. 144). Kentucky (U. S. Colored Troops).Infantry: One hundred and twenty-third, One hundred and twenty-fourth, and One hundred and thirty-fifth, October 2, 1865. Artillery: Twelfth Heavy (Thirteenth Heavy since substituted), October 2, 1865. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, October 20, 186g. Adjt. Gen. N. B. BAKER, Clinton, Iowa: GENERAL: Referring to your letter of August 9, inclosing exhibit of three-months men, and referring to certain other troops as not credited, I have the honor to state that all men duly and legally reported to this office on report of July 30, 1864, and froni Octo- ber 1, 1864, to May 20, 1865, have been reported to the Provost-Mar- shal-General of the United States Page 158 158 CORRESI.ONDENCE, ETC. In regard to Iowa men in regiments from other States, I would refer to the correspondence heretofore had with your headquarters on the subject, and in which the principle was enunciated that no snch credits could be allowed, except on an adjustment between the Gov- ernors of the States concerned. All troops regularly reported from October 1, 1864, to May 20, 1865, have been duly credited, and the records of the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of the Statc should bear evidence of the fact. Your letter of August 9, with a copy of this, has been referred to the Provost-Marshal-General of the United States for his action. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. List of volunteer organizations which have been, or are ordered to be, mustered out of service, not included in previous circulars. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, October 24, 1866. Connecticut.Infantry: Twenty-ninth (Colored). District of (Jolumbia.Cavalry: First. Florida.Cavalry: First. Second and First East, consolidated with First Cavalry. Illinois. Infantry: Fifty-fourth. Cavalry: Sixth, Seventh, Ninth. Men of Ninety-fifth Infantry remaining in service, transferred to Forty-seventh Infantrylatter still in service. Indiana.Cavalry: Thirteenth. Kansas.Cavalry: Companies L and M, Fifth. This completes the muster out of the regiment. ]Ifissouri.Cavalry: Fourth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth. 3fichigan.Cavalry: Tenth. ilfassachusetts.Cavalry: Fourth, Fifth (Colored). New York.Infantry: One hundred and fifty-sixth, One hundred and sixtieth, One hundred and sixty-first, and One hundred and seven- ty-third. Cavalry: Second Veteran, Fourth Provisional. New Jersey.Cavalry: Second. Ohio. Infantry: One hundred and ninety-fourth. Cavalry: Fifth and Twelfth. Pennsylvania.Artillery: Third Heavy. Cavalry: Third Provis- ional. Rhode Island.Cavalry: Third. U. S. Colored Troops.Infantry: Second, Third, Eighth, Twenty- second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirty-first, Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third, Forty-fifth, Seventy-third, Seventy-fourth, Seventy-seventh, One hundred and sixth, One hundred and twenty-third, One hundred and twenty-fourth, One hundred and twenty-seventh, One hundred and thirty-fifth. One company Pioneers. Artillery: Thirteenth Heavy. NoTE.Seventy-third Infantry has been heretofore reported consol- idated with Ninety-sixth U. S. Colored Troops. Seventy-seventh Infan- try has been heretofore reported consolidated with the Tenth U. S. Colored Heavy Artillery. One hundred and sixth Infantry has been heretofore reported consolidated with Fortieth U. S. Colored Troops Page 159 UNiON AUTHORITIES. 159 GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 155. Washington, October 26, 1865. ORDER FOR DISCHARGING CERTAIN OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE VETERAN RESERVE CORPS. In View of the very numerous and pressing applications for discharge by members of the Veteran Reserve Corps, department commanders will cause all organizations of that corps within the geographical limits of their command to be paraded before a general or general staff officer as soon after the receipt of this order as practicable. Any general or general staff officer on duty within the limits of the department whose services can be spared may be detailed for this purpose. The officer will question each officer and enlisted man so paraded as to whether he wishes to be discharged or to remain in the service, and will make out separate lists of those who wish a dis- charge and of those who wish to remain in service. Each list will then be read before the officers and mcii, who will have an opportu- nity to correct it, so that it will be a true expression of their wishes on the subject. The officer will visit all those who may be absent from the parade, and in a similar manner obtain their wishes and enter their names on the proper rolls. The rolls of officers and men who wish to be discharged will then be turned over to the proper commissary of musters, who will imine- diately muster out of service those whose names are on the rolls of such as desire discharge. He will obtain from regimental officers the necessary data, and complete the rolls of those who desire to remain in service, so as to exhibit their rank and degree of disability. These rolls, when completed, will be forwarded to the Adjutant- General. Names of officers and men belonging to different companies or reg- iments will not be borne on the same rofls in any of the above cases. The rolls of those who wish to remain in service, as well as those who wish for discharge, will be made on the prescribed blanks for muster and descriptive rolls, and will contain full information according to the form of the blank. Department commanders will see that this order is executed with promptness. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. CIRCULAR .WAR DEPT., ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 47. Washington, October 26, 1865. The credit of recruits and re-enlisted men of the Regular Army to the quota of the States, Territories, and the District of Columbia, required to be made by Circular No. 7, February 16, 1865, from this office, will be discontinued from and after November 1, 1865, and all reports required by said circular to be forwarded to this office, and to the Governors and assistant provost-marshals-general of States and Territories, will cease to be rend& red from and after that date. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 160 160 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. IIDQRS. KENTUCKY VOLS., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, Frankfort, October 26, 1865. Bvt. Col. THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General, Washington, D. C.: COLONEL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your telegram of the 20th instant, and as requested I inclose herein a statement of the designation, date of organization, and numerical strength of troops raised under the authority of the act of Congress approved February 7, 1863. These regiments and batteries were for twelve months service, and organized for the better defense of Kentucky. At that time (1863) all the Federal forces were required at the front, and Kentucky was left in comparatively a defenseless position. As the communication with our army, then occupying Tennessee, was a matter of great importance, the term of service of these troops was fixed at twelve months to induce a speedy organiza- tion, as they were intended to keep open that communication. They rendered good and efficient service both in Kentucky and elsewhere, and many of them availed themselves of the privilege allowed by the War Department and re-enlisted. If you desire a statement of the expenses incurred by the State in organizing these troops I will willingly forward same and any other definite information you may desire appertaining thereto. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. W. LINDSEY, Adjutant- General of Kentucky. [Inclosure.] A list of regiments and batteries raised under the act of Congress approved February 7, 18e3, authorizing.the State of Kentucky to raise a force not exceeding 20,000 men for one years service. S. ~ Date of muster into the ~ -~ ,~ Numerical designation of organization. USservice 30th Kentucky Infantry Feb.19 to April 5, 1863 831 35th Kentucky Infantry Sept. 16 to Oct 2, 1863 823 37th Kentucky Infantry Sept. 4, 1863, to Jan. 4, 1864 - 867 40th Kentucky Infantry July loto5ept.29,1863- 823 45th Kentncky Infantry Oct. 10, 1863, to Feb. 4, l864~ 842 47th Kentucky Infantry Oct. 5 to Dec. 29, 1863 754 48th Kentucky Infantry Oct. 26, 1863 816 49th Kentucky Infantry Sept. 19 to Oct. 7, 1863 847 52d Kentucky Infantry Oct. 16,1883, toMarchl, 1864 780 Total 7, 183 CAvALRY. 13th Kentucky cavalry . . . Dec. 23, 1863 1,157 ARTILLERY. 3d Kentucky Battery (C) a Sept 10, 1863 141 4th Kentucky Battery (ID) a Oct. 6, 1863 99 Total 240 a Re.enlisted for three years. D. W. LINDSEY, Adjutant-General of Kentucky Page 161 UNION AUTHORITIES. 161 STATE OF OHIO, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Columbus, October 27, 1865. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I inclose an application of Maj. L. G. Marshall, commanding Eleventh Regiment Ohio Volnnteer Cavalry, to have his regiment mustered out of the U. S. service. * I have already, by my letter of the 16th ultimo, expressed so fully my views of this whole casethe detention of volunteers in a service not contemplated by themselves when they enlisted, nor yet author- ized by the acts of Congressthat I do not think it now necessary to repeat my reasons for these opinions and their consequent demand. I should have been pleased to have been informed of the views and intentions of your Department in regard to the Ohio Volunteers now in the service, in order to have conformed my own action, if con- sistent with duty to these citizens, to the designs and convenience of your Department. As it is, having failed apparently in procuring an assent to my demand for the prompt discharge of all, I can only for- ward their applications in detail. Very respectfully, CHARLES ANDERSON, Governor of Ohio. By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, it has pleased Almighty God, during the year which is now coming to an end, to relieve our beloved country from the fearful scourge of civil war, and to permit us to secure the blessings of peace, unity, and harmony, with a great enlargement of civil liberty; And whereas, our Heavenly Father has also during the year gra- ciously averted from us the calamities of foreign war, pestilence, and famine, while our granaries are full of the fruits of an abundant season; And whereas, righteousness exalteth a nation, while sin is a reproach to any people: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby recommend to the people thereof that they do set apart and observe the first Thursday of December next as a day of national thanksgiving to the Creator of the universe for these great deliverances and blessings. And I do further recommend that on that occasion the whole people make confession of our national sins against His infinite good- ness, and with one heart and one mind implore the Divine guidance in the ways of national virtue and holiness. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the ninetieth. [L. s.] ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. * Omitted. 11 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 162 162 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, Washington, October 30, 1865. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to present the following report upon the sev- eral branches of the public service committed to the care of this department for the year ending on the 30th of June, 1865: CORPS OF ENGINEERS. Duties of the officers during the year.The Corps of Engineers con- sisted of eighty-five officers, the Military Academy, its officers and professors, and the battalion of engineer soldiers of five companies. Of the eighty-five officers of engineers embraced in the corps, fifty- four were on detached duty commanding army corps, divisions, and other military organizations; on staff duty and as engineers and assistant engineers with armies operating against the rebels; in com- mand of the pontoon-bridge service, and in command of the troops of the engineer battalion; and thirty-one on duty superintending sea- coast defenses, lake surveys, lake and sea-coast harbor improvements, Military Academy, and assisting the Chief Engineer in connection with all these duties. Every officer of the corps has been on continued and uninterrupted duty during the entire year, and four of its members have died in service. The loss in officers killed and who have died in service from wounds and other causes during the rebellion is fourteen. Twenty-one of the members of the corps still remain on detached service performing important duties growing out of the rebellion, which prevent their returning to engineer duty. The value and estimation in which the military talents and prac- tical knowledge of the officers of the corps are held have, by contrib- uting to the command of the armies and for staff service, together with the loss of those who have given their lives to the defense of their country, greatly reduced its numbers and efficiency for the many duties devolving upon it. Many of those of highest rank and experience are still on detached service, and the vacancies from casualties have neces- sarily been filled by junior members, recent distinguished graduates of the Military Academy. Although the legal strength of the corps is sufficient to perform the proper functions of its members, the present assignment of its officers renders it impracticable to meet the numerous demands upon the department. For a comprehensive knowledge of the duties of the engineers, a recurrence to the general objects of the campaign is necessary. (See plans Nos. 1 and 11.*) It will be recollected that by descending the Shenandoah and cross- ing the Potomac above Harpers Ferry the rebel army in 1864 threatened Washington, Baltimore, Pittsburg, and even Philadelphia, as also intermediate cities. Washington City had become the great depot for immense supplies for all arms of service for months in advance. An extensive ordnance depot, a navy-yard, the general hospitals, the archives of the Nation, its Executive and judiciary, with the public edifices for all national purposes, was the rich prize, * Plate LXXXIX, Map 1, and Plate C, Map 1 (revised), of the Atlas Page 163 UNION AUTHORITIES. 163 to gain possession of which the rebel authorities directed their efforts, as well as to divert our armies from the attack on Richmond. At Antietam and South Mountain they had been defeated and driven back into the Valley of the Shenandoah. Again they made a pow- erful effort and were defeated at Gettysburg and driven across the Potomac and up the valley. In July, 1864, after the lieutenant- general had forced the rebel armies concentrated under Lee from Todds Tavern, through Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor, into Rich- mond and Petersburg, they made another effort to divert the lieuten- ant-general by detaching Early on another expedition down the Valley of the Shenandoah and across the Potomac, threatening Bal- timore by moving on the Monocacy, where a small body of our troops were repulsed, thus jeopardizing both Baltimore and Wash- ington. The attention of the lieutenant-general was given to these efforts of his adversary to divert him from his main objectthe defeat and capture of Lees armyand, while withdrawing part of the gar- rison to re-enforce the armies operating against Richmond, he held the command of his rear and Washington by being enabled to trans- port from before Pet~rsburg as large a force as Lee could detach to operate in the valley and on Washington. Many thousands of wounded and sick occupied the hospitals in Washington, and the troops fit for duty did not suffice to man the armaments of the forts around the city. The engineers had previously constructed a system of detached redoubts and forts around the city on a circuit of upward of thirty-five miles. Early, after his success at Monocacy, moved directly upon the defenses of Washington between the Potomac and the Eastern Branch. (See plan No. 1.*) Colonel Alex- ander, of the Corps of Engineers, was the only officer of the corps whose personal attention could be given to these defenses. Colonel Woodruff and Major Kurtz, of the Corps of Engineers, and assistants of the Chief Engineer, were first ordered to these defenses. Subse- quently all the officers on the sea-coast, north and east of this city, were detached from their labors of constructing sea-coast batteries (then threatened by rebel iron-dads building in Europe, as another effort to divert our armies in the field), and were ordered to the defenses of Baltimore and WashingtonMajor Prime, Captain Rob- ert, and Lieut. J. A. Smith to the aid of Colonel Brewerton at Balti- more, and Colonel Macomb, Major Blunt, Major Casey, and Captain Tardy to the aid of Colonel Alexander at Washington. The rebel blow was aimed at Washington. The wise foresight of the Secretary of War had caused all the employ~s of the several bureaus of his Department to be organized and drilled as infantry troops. The necessity for the withdrawal of the Sixth Army Corps from Peters- burg and of the Nineteenth from New Orleans had also been fore- seen, and orders sent to them to proceed to this city to meet the blow that was threatened. The Veteran Reserves and convalescents from the hospitals were also ordered to garrison the defenses. Requisi- tions were made upon the Governors of States to furnish troops, but with little success. The Sixth and Nineteenth Corps arrived at the most opportune moment. Early directed his efforts upon Fort Stev- ens, but finding the garrison re-enforced, and even moving out of the defenses to meet him, he suddenly retreated across the Potomac and up the Valley of the Shenandoah. The engineers were then ordered to their former stations on the sea-board. * Plate LXXXIX, Map 1, of the Atlas Page 164 164 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Early was pursued by Sheridan with his cavalry and the troops that drove him from Washington up the Shenandoah, defeating him and his re-enforceinents, and eventually annihilating his army. For this expedition Major Stewart, Captain Gillespie, and Lieutenant Meigs, of the Corps of Engineers, were assigned. In the death of Lieutenant Meigs, while reconnoitering in the neighborhood of Win- chester, the corps lost one of its most meritorious and valued mem- bers. Captain Gillespie accompanied Sheridans expedition to the James River, destrbying the rebel communications on that river and all others west and north of Richmond, and finally joined the lieu- tenant-general before Petersburg. With the investment of Petersburg commenced a series of labo- rious and difficult engineering operations by the Army of the James and the Army of the Potomac. The narratives collated from the reports of Colonel Michler and General Michie give the details of these operations. * A reference to plan No. 12 will explain the extent of the defenses about Petersburg and Richmond and the labors of our engineers about Petersburg and the rebel defenses on the north side of the James River. ~ The rebels after being defeated by the army under Lieutenant- General Grant and driven from their intrenchments around Peters- burg, extending to the Hatchie [Hatchers Run?], evacuated that city on the 2d of April, 1865. The evacuation of Richmond followed on the 3d of April, when the rebel army under Lee retreated, and was closely pursued and pressed to Appomattox Court-House, where it yielded to the superior prowess and skill of the armies of the United States, on the 9th of April, 1865, thus breaking up all semblance of rebel authority, leaving Sherman to end it by the capture of Johnston on the 23d of April. A map of this campaign is in progress, awaiting information yet to be collected to perfect it as an historical record of these ever-memorable military operations which resulted in restoring the power and union of a nation. After the evacuation of Richmond the rebel chief and his advisers, who devised this most unjust and unwarrantable scheme to destroy a nation, sought safety in flight toward Georgia. Their movements had been foreseen, and were provided for by a brilliant campaign of a cavalry force under General James H. Wilson (captain of the Corps of Engineers), who posted his troops with great discrimination and judgment, and succeeded in capturing the leader at Irwinton [Irwin- ville] on the 10th of May, 1865. From Atlanta the grand army of the West, commanded by Sher- man, commenced moving for the sea-coast, while Thomas occupied Tennessee and Kentucky. The rebels under Hood on evacuating Atlanta operated on Shermans previous line of march. The labors of the engineers at Chattanooga under Colonel Merrill, and the volunteer engineers, had rendered this important position as well as Knoxville impregnable; and Hood retrograded toward the Tennessee River with a force so far superior to Thomas as to cause the latter to fall back gradually upon Nashville. The labors of the engineers in fortifying Franklin, on the Harpeth River, did not suffice, with a single army corps under Schofield, to hold those intrenchments. Our army fell back to Nashville, where much labor and the skill of the engineers had previously been bestowed in fortifying it by General *For reports of Michier and Michie see Series I, Vols. XXXVI, XL, XLII, XLVI, and LI. tPlate C, Map 2, of the Atlas Page 165 UNION AUTHORITIES. 165 Morton, Colonel Merrill, Captains Barlow and Burroughs, and other junior officers of the Corps of Engineers, together with volunteer engineers. In September, 1864, Major Tower, Corps of Engineers (brevet major-general of volunteers), took charge of these defenses, and perceiving the great importance of Nashville as a depot of sup- plies, as well as other important strategic advantages, commenced to add to and perfect the fortifications (see plan No. 4*), on which he continued unremittingly until Hoods advance and investment of the place on the 13th and 16th of December, 1864 [sic]. During the few days preceding Hoods arrival before Nashville, Thomas had concentrated his several available army corps within the fortifications of Nashville, the plan of which is given on plate No.4. * The importance of these defenses was mainly in enabling Thomas to concentrate his army at a depot well stored with munitions of war, and to hold his enemy, flushed with his successful march from Atlanta, in check until he was ready to take the field. The accompanying plan of the fortifications (No. 4*) by General Tower and annexed extracts from his report explain more fully the successes of this most important advance of Thomas, resulting in the demolition and annihilation of the rebel power in Tennessee. Dnring the same eventful period the fortifications that had been constrncted by the engineers at Murfreesborough were successfully held and defended by a part of Thomas army. Colonel Merrill, captain of engineers, with the volunteer engineers, had during the year given special attention to fortifying all the important points on the railroads in Tennessee and part of Kentucky, while Lieutenant-Colonel Simpson, Corps of Engineers, had fortified Cincinnati, Ohio; Covington and Newport, Frankfort and Louisville, Ky., and the lines of the Louisville, Nashville and Kentucky Central Railroads, thus covering Thomas rear and defending his lines of communication. Such is a general outline of the labors of the engineers in Tennessee. The march of the grand army of the West under Sherman (see plan No. ~t) did not call for offensive or defensive fortifications. The labors of the engineers, Captain Poe (brevet brigadier-general, U. S. Army), Captain Reese (brevet brigadier-general, U. S. Army), Lieutenant Stickney (brevet major, U. S. Army), Lieutenant Ludlow (brevet major, U. S. Army), and Lieutenant Damrell, were most advantageously bestowed upon the roads and bridges, and recon- noitering the enemys movements and positions. (See annexed narratives.) The pontoon trains under charge of these officers were indispensable to the success of the army, They consisted of canvas boats, which proved serviceable for the march of this army from the Tennessee to its final disbandment in Washington City in 1863. The advantages of these light trains, their frequent use during the campaign proving their adaptation to our country, are fully developed in the narrative collated from Poes and Reeses reports. In September, 1863, Knoxville was captured by our force, and in November of the same year Chattanooga was occupied by our army. At the latter point Sherman concentrated his supplies and moved in force against the rebels, driving them through Riuggold, Tunnel Hill, Dalton, Resaca, Allatoona, and Kenesaw, to Atlanta. * Plate LXXII, Map 2, of the Atlas. t Plate LXXVI, Map 2, of the Atlas Page 166 166 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. At this latter place the rebel army was strongly intrenched. The place was first invested by our army on the north and east, when, its strength being fully ascertained, Sherman marched his army to the sonth, defeating the rebels at Jonesborongh and Lovejoys, thus investing it on the south and compelling Hood to evacuate this stronghold. The annexed narrative, collated from the report of Brevet Brigadier- General 0. M. Poe, U. S. Army, captain of engineers, gives the im- portant incidents connected with its capture, and furnishes plans of the rebel defenses. (See plan No. 2*; see narrative annexed.) While these movements and successes of the armies under Thomas and Sherman were in progress, General Grant ordered a division of his army under General Terry to co-operate with the navy in the reduction of the defenses of the mouth of Cape Fear River in January, 1865. Captain Comstock, of the Corps of Engineers (lieutenant-colonel, aide-de-camp, brevet brigadier-general of volunteers), had charge of the engineer operations of this expedition. Fort Fisher, situated at and commanding the northern entrance of this river, was found to be the key of the position. Plans Nos. 5 and 6f give the details of the defenses constructed by our army to cover its landing and its rear while operating on Fort Fisher. A bombardment by the fleet, resulting in dismounting many of the guns on the land front of the work, as well as cutting the electric wires for exploding a formidable system of mines on the same front, preceded a successful assault by the troops under General Terry. The accompanying plans Nos. S and 6, with extracts from General Comstocks report, give the details of the rebel fortifications and those thrown up by our troops. (See General Comstocks report, annexed.) Later in the season General Canby concentrated the troops under his command and moved to the attack of the city of Mobile, having the co-operation of the navy. The labors of the engineers under Captain McAlester (brevet major, U. S. Army), Captain Palfrey (brevet lieutenant-colonel, U. S. Army), Lieutenant Burnham (brevet major, U. S. Army), and others, were here called into requisition. Blakely (see plan No. 7 ~) was invested, batteries constructed and opened upon the formidable rebel batteries covered by strong intrench- ments, with abatis surrounding their entire position, with its flanks resting on the Blakely River. Plan No. 7, with extracts from the report of Major McAlester, gives the details of the operations, final assault and destructioii of the rebel defenses on the 8th of April, 1865. (See McAlesters report, annexed.) Spanish Fort was at the same time invested by our army, and the more formidable siege operations of a first and second parallel with approaches and enfilading batteries became necessary, and resulted finally in the capture of the rebel defenses by assault, on the 8th and 9th of April, 1865. (See plan No. 8.) These defenses and approaches are given in detail on plans Nos. 7 and 8, which, with extracts from Major MeAlesters report, will explain and illustrate this well-designed and skillfully executed siege. * Plate LXXXVIII, Map 1, of the Atlas. t Plate LXXV, Maps 1 and 2, of the Atlas. ~ Plate LXXI, Map 14, of the Atlas. ~ Plate LXXIX, Map 7, of the Atlas Page 167 UNION AUTHORITIES. 167 The fall of Blakely and Spanish Fort caused the rebel army under Taylor, Gardner, and Maury to evacuate Mobile, and retreat to the north. Plan No. 9* gives the formidable rebel defenses of the city of Mobile, surrounding it with three lines of detached forts and con- necting intrenchments, with the flanks resting on Mobile River. The skillful labors of the rebel engineers about this city were very exten- sive and the system exceedingly strong. The determination of the commanding general to turn these works, by first reducing Blakely and Spanish Fort, proved successful, and the character of the works as shown on the plan forcibly illustrates the saving of lives and treasure in not first attempting to reduce these powerful defenses. Plan No. lot gives the position of the entfre and connected sys- tem of rebel defenses that succumbed to the skill and talent of Canby. While these important operations were in progress in Tennessee and Alabama, Sherman, with the grand army of the West, and Lieu- tenant-General Grant, with the combined Armies of the Potomac and the James, together with the garrison of Washington City, were simultaneously leading the national forces to strike a final blow to rebel power, and enforce the restoration of national authority from the Atlantic to the Pacific. (See plan No. 3. ~) Shermans army reached the sea-coast, by first capturing Fort McAllister, on the 13th of December, 1864, by ilazen. The strong rebel intrenchments at Savannah were then invested, and the rebel General Hardee driven from them across the Savannah River. The department has as yet received no plans of Fort McAllister or of the defenses of Savannah. The labors of the engineers of Shermans army (see Poes narrative) were again bestowed principally in recon- noitering the enemys positions, and maneuvering the canvas pontoon trains to cross the army over the several rivers between Savannah and the last water-course crossed in pursuit of rebels. The success of these bridge trains is given in the extracts from Generals Poes and Reeses reports. The city of Charleston fell into our power on the 18th of February, 1865, after its evacuation by the rebels in con- sequence of Shermans movements in its rear, and cutting off its supplies from the interior, while it was already blockaded by our fleet and invested by land by our army. Schofield, after the reduction of the entire defenses of Smithville, moved upon Raleigh, and united his forces with those of Sherman. The engineer operations on this line were in reconnoitering and maneuvering the pontoon-bridge trains for the passage of the rivers, under Lieutenant Stickney (brevet major, U. S. Army), of the Corps of Engineers. (See Stickneys narrative.) After obstinately con- tested combats at Averasborough and Bentonville, the rebel power under Johnston was finally overcome and subdued by the capture of his entire command on the 23d [26th] of April, 1865; after which, by easy marches, the grand army of the West repaired to Washington City. (See plans Nos. 1, 11, and 12.) The momentous campaign of the armies under the command of the lieutenant-general, with the purpose of capturing Richmond, and * Plate CV, Map 1, of the Atlas. t Plate LXXI, Map 13, of the Atlas. ~ Plate LXXVI, Map 2, of the Atlas. Plates LXXXIX, Map 1; C, 1 and C, 2, of the Atlas Page 168 168 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. overthrowing the rebel authorities holding the semblance of Confed- erate power in that city, was commenced on the Rapidan in May, 1864. The battles of Todds Tavern, on the 7th of May; of Spotsyl- vania, on the 14th and 19th, and passage of the North Anna, on the 24th; of Cold Harbor, on the 31st of May and 1st of June; the march thence and passage of the James River on the 16th, 17th, and 18th, with the investment of Petersburg on the 3d of July, 1864, constitute a brilliant series of grand battles and maneuvers that do not come within the scope of engineer reports. The annexed narrative and information from the report of Colonel Michler, dated October, 1865, give more specifically the labors of the officers of the Engineer Corps during the progress of this campaign. SEA-COAST AND LAKE DEFENSES. While most of the officers of the Corps of Engineers have been actively engaged in the field, as heretofore stated, others have given their attention to the important labor of sea-coast defenses. Against predatory expeditions of rebel cruisers and iron-armored vessels, built in foreign ports claiming to be neutral, it was necessary to construct batteries to mount rifle artillery and smooth-bored ordnance of heavier calibers than heretofore used. Colonel Macomb, Major Blunt, Major Casey, of the Corps of Engineers, were employed in thus fortifying thirteen harbors on the Eastern coast. At the same time progress on the permanent sea-coast defenses was continued at all the harbors from Maine to Hampton Roads, inclusive, at Key West and Tortugas, and at San Francisco; and repairing the perma- nent works on the Gulf of Mexico that were taken from the rebels, which had been more or less injured by them and by our attacks, to restore them to the Union. On the Northern and Eastern works, as also on the California coast, the main object has been so to direct the operations as soonest to mount the contemplated armaments, which, at this time, are required to be of such penetrating and crushing power as will in all probability insure the destruction of any iron- armored vessels that can combat them. The introduction of these increased calibers and this power of artillery has made it necessary to renew most of the gun platforms heretofore constructed, which were designed for no larger caliber than 42-pounders. At the present time no smaller gun is prepared for the sea-coast batteries than 100-pounder rifle guns, and ten to fifteen inch rifled and smooth-bored guns. The further construction of the sea-coast batteries has been retarded by the necessity which now exists of so covering part of our guns and gunners as to render them secure against any advantage that an attacking power in iron-armored ships opposed to them shall possess. So far as we have yet progressed, preparations for guns of large caliber have been perfected, and the guns mounted to throw, collect- ively, 147,150 pounds of metal at a single discharge, which is an addition during the year of 40,651 pounds of metal that can be so thrown against an enemy. Continuing to increase the armament on our sea-coast in the same ratio for a reasonable time will render the harbor defenses exceed- ingly difficult for any maritime power to overcome, and, in combina- tion with other auxiliary means of defense, will carry the cost and time requisite to subdue them beyoiid the means of foreign powers, provided we hold our works in a perfect condition for both land and sea attacks Page 169 UNION AUTHORITWS. 169 Boards of engineers have been detailed to consider what modifica- tions are necessary at each and every work along our sea-coast to adapt them to resist the powerful armaments that European fleets, singly or combined, may be enabled to bring across the Atlantic, over the bars of our ports and harbors, to attack them. The details of the operations during the year at the several works on the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Lake and Pacific Coasts, derived mostly from the reports of the superintending engineers, are annexed. PRISON DEPOTS. The prison depots also called for the labors of engineer officers. Point Lookout, at the mouth of the Potomac, was subject to sudden attack from marauding parties and detached cavalry from armies operating against Baltimore and Washington, which, with the immense body of prisoners, made it necessary to fortify the position against attempts to liberate them by forts commanding both the interior and exterior. Major Stewart, assisted by Lieutenant Cant- well, and afterward Colonel Brewerton, constructed these defensive works. THE PRISON DEPOT AT JOHNSON S ISLAND. Cleveland harbor, Lake Erie, had to be defended against attempts of the prisoners, and succor by water from expeditions organized in the friendly and neutral territories of Great Britain in Canada. Major Casey and Captain Tardy were assigned to and performed this service, constructing a water battery at the mouth of the harbor, against a force approaching by water, and temporary field forts on Johnsons Island. SURVEYS, MAPS, AND TOPOGRAPHY. The surveys for the armies in the field, embracing the topography of the country passed over and particular sites occupied, have been referred to in other parts of this report. The extent of the labors performed by the officers on duty in the Bureau has been the engraving, hithographing, photographing, and issuing 24,591 sheets for officers in the field and various branches of the service requiring this information, leaving still on hand a few copies of each publication for reference and the calls of the War Department. The survey of the northwestern lakes has been in progress for sev- eral years, to obtain for the commerce of the States whose industry is promoted by that extended interior navigation the safety that a perfect and correct knowledge of the shores and bottom alone can attain. It is being conducted under the direction of Major Raynolds~ of the Corps of Engineers, upon the same scientific principles and with the same care and accuracy that has been bestowed upon the coast survey and other national geodetic surveys. During the year two maps have been prepared from the field-notes published and issued to the navigators of the lakes. One gives the west end of Lake Superior and the other the northeastern part of Lake Michigan. Three others have been prepared and are now ready for engraving, giving the Portage River and the Bay of LAnse, on Lake Superior, and a third giving the north end of Green Bay Page 170 170 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Two thousand eight hundred and twenty sheets of the maps of the lake surveys have been issued for commercial, harbor improvement, and military purposes during the year, making the whole number of maps called for and issued since these surveys were commenced 27,411 sheets. Special surveys have also been made during the year, maps issued and forwarded for the use of the department, of Niagara River, Erie, Conneaut, Ashtabula, Grand River, Cleveland, Black River, San- dusky, Saint Josephs, Grand Haven, Chicago, Racine, and Sheboygan. SURVEYS. The principal labors of the parties engaged in these surveys during the year are comprised in the measurement of 269k miles of shore- line, 164-~ square miles of topography, 187 miles of soundings, and 1,200 square miles of offshore hydrography on 1,586 miles of lines of soundings; the measurement of a base line of 4,173 feet in length; difference of longitude between several distant points by electric observations, and observations by flashing lights; also astronomical observations for the latitude of eight points. Recommertdation.These surveys are called for by numerous par- ties and individuals, as well as by commercial men, for private as well as for public use. It is indispensable that some rules and system be established to keep the issue of these valuable maps within such limits as will insure the great objects of the survey, the diffusion of this information to promote national industry, at the same time to prevent them falling into the hands of persons collecting for other purposes than the public good. I recommend that the department be therefore authorized to issue these maps, after supplying the wants of the Government, at the cost of paper and printing, as is now and for years past has been authorized for distributing the Coast Survey maps. This will prevent an improper use, and enable all persons capable of using them to obtain copies. The estimate for carrying on the work for the next year is $184,604.42, which exceeds the amount appropriated for last years operations about $60,000. It is proper to say that this increase of estimate does not contemplate any advance in the wages of assistants, but is simply due to the increased cost of materials and supplies. On our Pacific Coast Major Williamson, of the Corps of Engineers, has explored and reconnoitered parts of Northern California and South- ern Oregon, giving the topography of its roads, and continues obser- vations for barometric correction of altitudes, having also in view an investigation of the formula for determining heights by this instru- ment. He has traversed and explored the heights of the Nevada Range in Northern California, said to be 10,000 to 11,000 feet above the level of the sea, and the military roads between the coast and this range of mountains to facilitate the military operations of the com- manding general. During the year he also examined the various sites on Admiralty Inlet and Puget Sound, that might hereafter become useful for military purposes, and selected such as shoUld be reserved from sale by the Land ~fffice. PRESERVATION AND REPAIR OF ATLANTIC HARBORS AND SEA-WALLS. An appropriation was made in 1864 for reneWing the construction of the sea-walls in Boston harbor to preserve the headlands from further destruction by the ocean waves, and, as a consequence, injur Page 171 UNION AUTHORITIES. 171 to the harbor for commercial use, while at the same time it preserves important sites that hereafter will be occupied by batteries bearing on the channel leading to the city of Boston. The following narra- tives of the operations on these islands are drawn from the report of Colonel Graham, the superintending engineer. The same officer was charged with the application of the appropriation of $100,000 for the preservation and repair of the harbors on the Atlantic. The accom- panying summary gives his views on this subject in relation to the Susquehanna River below Havre de Grace, dredging the Patapsco River, Portland Harbor breakwater, navigation of the Hudson River below Troy, and Delaware Breakwater. Colonel Graham recommends additional appropriations for the Atlantic harbor improvements. * MILITARY ACADEMY. During the past year sixty-eight cadets completed their studies and military exercises at the Academy, and were commissioned as lieuten- ants in the Army. This is the most numerous class that has ever graduated at the institution since its organization in 1802. For many years the number of graduates has not sufficed to fill the annual vacancies in the Army. The number of officers in the several branches of the staff, and of regiments now comprising the Regular Army, has greatly increased from time to time, while the number of cadets authorized by law has remained unaltered since 1843. The result is that neither the staff corps, nor regiments of artillery, cavalry, and infantry, can be fur- nished with the numbers to perfect their company organizations, and military science and art cannot be disseminated throughout the coun- try in proportion to the increase of population and national interests to be protected. The total number of cadets now at the Academy is 235, and the total number authorized by existing laws is 293. From various incidents to which the appointments- are subject, this ratio does not materially alter from year to year. The average cost of the institution for the last twenty years has been $160,711.83. The cost during the past academic year was $201,217. These sums include the pay of cadets, officers, and pro- fessors, and all contingencies. The annual average appropriation for twenty years is $166,684.63, and for the present year is $257,505. This excess arises from the increase of the pay of cadets, and for increase cost of forage for artil- lery and cavalry horses, & c. Recommendations.To meet the wants of the military service, and to diffuse a knowledge of the science and art of war more extensively throughout our widely extended domain, I recommend at this time an increase in the total number of cadets of two additional appointments from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia, thus making the number of appointments to be authorized under the law to be one from each Congressional district and Territory and the District of Columbia, ten from at large~ annually by the Presidents selection, and two in addition from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia. The difficulties that have been experienced for years past in train- ing the minds and bodies of the young gentlemen sent to the Academy * For portion of this report relating to river and harbor improvements, here omitted, see Executive Document No. 1, House of Representatives, Thirty-ninth Congress, first session, Vol. II, pp. 921925, of said document Page 172 172 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. to prepare them for usefulness as members of the military profession arise mainly from the qualifications of the candidates being so exceed- ingly limited. While at the present time it ma~ not be expedient to increase the standard for admission, I do urgently recommend that a selection from at least five candidates to be nominated for each appointment may be authorized by law, when every section of the country would more certainly have its due proportion of graduates entering the Army annually. Should this principle be authorized by law, the examination of the candidates could be ordered in several sec- tions of the country at convenient military posts, and thus save a great annual expense now incurred by partially educating and return- ing deficient cadets to their distant homes, insure a much greater proportion of members who could master the course of studies, and avoid the numerous and frequent discharges from the Academy for inability to acquire the requisite information and proficiency for a graduate of this institution. FINANCES. During the year ending June 30, 1865, the expenditures of the department for fortifications on the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific Coast, and cn the Northern Lakes, including bridge trains, intrenching tools, and for all other military purposes, amounted to $5, 174,335.23 For civil works, as lake harbors, harbors on the Atlantic, survey of the lakes, they amounted to 218,400.00 And for the Military Academy, not including the pay of professors and cadets 86,685.00 Making a total annual expenditure of 5,479,420.23 The accounts of the disbursing officers of the department have been regularly forwarded from month to month. These accounts had accumulated in the department during the past four years beyond the means allotted to the financial branch to examine, correct, and for- ward to the Treasury Department for final settlement. During the year 1,203 monthly accounts, amounting to $11,834,308. 35, have been thus examined and forwarded to the Auditor for final set- tlement, and there remain on hand at this time 398 monthly accounts to be examined, amounting to $4,492,964. 85. At the rate of progress made during the past year in the examination of these accounts the work in a short time will be brought up to the months in which they are received from the officers. No defalcation or losses in any way exist in the disbursements and accountability of the officers of the department. At the present time all property purchased for the armies in the field, either worn or of a perishable character, is being sold, and the avails will be returned to the Treasury. rrhe amount of sales to this date is $34,123.12. The residue of this property is being stored in engineer depots for further use, at the Jefferson Barracks depot, Mo., and at the Willets Point depot, N. Y., under charge of engineer officers and troops of the Engineer Battalion. The property of the department in the hands of its agents is accounted for quarterly, and the returns examined in this Bureau. The number of returns examined during the year is 220 And remaining to be examined 43 Making the number of property returns rendered by officers 263 RICHD. DELAFIELD, General and Chief of Engineers U. S. Army Page 173 UNION AUTHORITIES. 173 Narrative collated from the reports of Col. N. ]IiEichler. * * * * * * Upon the explosion of the mine [July 30, 118(341 and failure of the assault the troops engaged were directed on the following day to resume their previous positions to a great extent, some few changes being ordered for the purpose of reducing their fronts and establishing reserves for ulterior movements. The plan of the siege by regular approaches having been abandoned, Colonel Michler was directed at the same time to make such a disposition of the lines then occupied by the corps as would enable them to be held by a diminished force, and therefore determined to select an interior line, to consist of some few detached, inclosed works, subsequently to be connected by lines of infantry parapets. The first line selected was one lying on very commanding ground, and extending from the present Fort Sedgwick to the Rushmore house, immediately opposite Fort Clifton, one of the enemys works on the Appomattox, at the head of navigation for large sea-going vessels, passing near the Avery, Friend, Dunn, and Jordan houses. This being considered too far to the rear of the then advanced position, and apparently yielding too much ground, for the possession of which such desperate fighting had taken place, he finally chose an intermediate one, and sites for Forts Rice, Meikel, Morton, Haskell, Stedman, and MeGilvery were selected, and the intervening batteries and lines located. It had also been decided to enlarge and strengthen the lunette, the site of which is now occupied by Fort Sedgwick. By direction of Lieutenant-General Grant the supervision of the line in front of the Eighteenth Corps had also been placed under his direction. The construction of these different works was pushed rapidly forward by night, under the immediate charge of Captains Gillespie and Harwood and Lieutenants Howell, Benyaurd, and Lydecker, as much so as the sparsity of officers, the extreme heat of the weather, and the heavy and constant artillery fire of the enemy would permit. Several officers of the Corps of Engineers, including Captains Men- deli, Turubull, and Farquhar, had been ordered away from the army on other duty, and some of the lieutenants were absent on sick leave. By the 20th of August the works were so near completion as to be in readiness for the contemplated movement on the Petersburg and Weldon Railroad. After the successful advance and holding of that most important thoroughfare he was directed to select positions for large works on or near that road for the protection of the left flank of the army, and also to connect them, by a system of redoubts, with Fort Sedgwick. On the 26th of August, in connection with the dis- position of troops then made, orders were given him to proceed at once to the construction of the redoubts proposed for the left of the line on the Weldon railroad, and of the works at the Burnt chimney and the Strong house, now designated Forts Dushane, Wadsworth, Howard, and Alexander Hays. The construction of these works and intermediate batteries, con- nected by infantry parapets, was immediately commenced, under the more immediate charge of Lieutenants Howell, Benyaurd, and Lydecker, and was afterward turned over to Captains Folwell and McDonald, Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers. Owing to the * The portion of this narrative here omitted is covered by full reports published in Series I, Vols. XXXVI and XL. See also Series I, Vols. XLII, XLVI, and LI, for reports of later operations Page 174 174 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. bad condition of the roads during the late move, the commanding general directed that a line shonld be selected for a military railroad from the depot at City Point to the intersection of the Weldon rail- road, at or near the Yellow Tavern, for the more certain and rapid transportation of supplies. The laying of this road was placed in charge of the construction corps of the chief quartermaster of the Armies operating against Richmond. The soil contains a great quan- tity of saud, and at times becomes almost impassable: By the 7th of September the interior portions of the works last referred to were well advanced, sufficiently so to be occupied in case of an attack by the enemy, and obstructions, consisting of wire entanglements, abatis, fraises, and slashing generally of the timber along the entire front, had been prepared. Many miles of corduroy roads and bridges had been built by the Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers for the convenience of and more direct communication between the different corps of the army. During the first few days of September he also selected sites for different works, and traced a line from the bastion works (Fort Dushane) on the Weldon railroad to the rear of the camps of the armies operating against Petersburg, its left resting on the Black- water Swamp, near Fort Bross. These were designed to guard against any movement of the enemy on the three large and important thor- oughfaresthe Jerusalem plank, the Norfolk stage, and Halifax roads. The several redoubts then laid out and commenced were subsequently named Davison, MeMahon, Stevenson, Blaisdell, and Kelly. In his report for the week ending on the 17th of September he reported that along, every portion of the line, from the Appomattox River, below Petersburg, to the Weldon railroad, and thence back to the Blackwater Swamp, work was progressing rapidly. The length of the line at that time was over sixteen miles, and along it had been constructed, or were in course of construction, nineteen forts and redoubts and forty-one batteries. In addition to the labor on these works, including the obstructions in their front, bombproofs, maga- zines, and drainage in the interior, nearly 2,000 yards of roads and one-third of the covered ways had been corduroyed, and 6,700 square feet of substantial bridging built. The old intrenched lines were also being leveled. These labors were continued during the following week, the officers and men of the regular battalion of engi- neers and of the Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers having the construction of them. At the same time his attention, under instruc- tions from the commanding general, was directed to the examnination of the country in reference to a defensive line from Blackwater Swamp, near Prince George Court-House, north toward Old Court~ House, on Baileys Creek, the latter a deep, impassable stream, emptying within a few miles of that point into the James River. This line, in connection with that already in course of construction, completed the chain of works from the Appomattox, below Petersburg, to the Weldon railroad, and thence back to the James River, adding nine miles to its length, making twenty-five miles in all, the flanks resting on the two rivers, and with them entirely encircling the Army of the Potomac. (See plan No. 12.*) The sites of five works were traced, and work commenced upon three of them. At the same time he was directed to confer with Lieutenant- Colonel Benham, Corps of Engineers (brigadier-general of volunteers), in command of the immediate defenses of City Point, in regard to a * Plate C, map 2, of the Atlas Page 175 UNION AUTHORITIES. 175 short line extending from the Court-House, on Baileys Creek, north toward the Appomattox, to cover and protect against any sudden attack of cavalry the depot at that point. On the 21st a circular from headquarters Army of the Potomac directed that the armaments and garrisons designated for the forts be regarded as permanent, to be moved only when specially directed. By the 26th the military railroad was completed, opened for travel, and placed in charge of the provost-marshal-general of the army. On the 28th, in company with the chief of artillery, he made a gen- eral inspection of the whole line and found the work progressing most satisfactorily. During the evening of the same day orders were issned for certain dispositions and arrangements of the troops to be made, and that the whole army should be in readiness to move before daylight on the following morning. The corps commanders were directed to hold in view the contingency of the withdrawal of their troops from the rifle-pits connecting the inclosed works, leaving the line from the Appomattox to Fort Davison to be held by the redoubts and inclosed batteries, and the further contingency of withdrawing entirely from the intrenchments. In consequence of this projected movement, instructions were immediately given to the officers of engineers to suspend all oper- ations on the different field-works in course of construction, and to hold their commands and the pontoon trains in readiness to obey further instructions. The active operations of the army were successfully advanced some few miles to the left or west of the Weldon railroad during the 29th and 30th of September and 1st and 2d of October, causing a corre- sponding extension of the lines. On the morning of the latter, after the repulse of the enemy in his final attack, it having been determined to hold on to the position, he was ordered to select a new line to con- nect the advanced point near the Pegram house with Fort Wadsworth, and locate the necessary intermediate works. The tracing, profiling, and construction of them was immediately commenced. Before daylight on the morning of the 4th, by direction of the com- manding general, he made a reconnaissance for the purpose of selecting a line to be refused from the left flank toward the rear, and to be connected with Fort Dushane. The sites of several new redoubts were established, the connecting lines traced, and with large details their construction immediately commenced. By this extension to the west of the Weldon railroad eleven addi- tional inclosed worksKeene, Urmston, Conahey, Fisher, Welch, Gregg, Cummings, Sampson, Emery, Siebert, and Clarkeand several batteries were linked with the already formidable cordon that sur- rounded the army. The length of this portion of the line is nearly seven miles, making a continuous stretch of twenty-three miles of earth-work from the right, on the Appomattox, to the left, on the Black- water Swamp. Adding to this the section from the latter to the James River, the line measures more than thirty-two miles, comprising thirty-six forts and fifty batteries. In addition to these, there were eight other inclosed works along the inner line of the defense of City Point. The incredibly short time in which those to the west of the Jeru- salem plank road were built surprised the officers of our own army. The sites of the works were only selected on the 2d and 4th of the month; still, the weekly report of the 8th states that they were already nearly completed Page 176 176 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. To the officers of the Corps of Engineers then present, under his ordersHarwood, Gillespie, Howell, Benyaurd, Lydecker, and Phil- lipsand to those of the Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers, under the immediate command of Lient. Col. I. Spaulding, and to the men of their respective detachments, must be given the credit for the immense amount of work accomplished. The works were well constructed and finished, and the infantry parapets are as strong as they could be made to answer a useful pur- pose. The artificial strength of the line was to a great extent increased by the naturally strong position chosen to resist any attack or assault by the enemy. On the 4th of the same month, notwithstanding the few officers of the corps that remained on duty, he was compelled to send Lieutenant Phillips to report to General Benham to assist in constructing the line in front of City Point; the latter was about three miles in length, comprising eight small redoubts. On the 12th the commanding general directed Cokinel Michler to make an examination of that part of the line extending between Forts Hays and Fisher, to ascertain whether said line could be shortened, and to furnish a written report for Lieutenant-General Grants information. As no particular advantage could be gained and a considerable amount of work would be required, he reported unfavorably. The weekly report dated October 22 informs the General-in-Chief that the whole line occupied by the Army of the Potomac was entirely constructed and in a defensible condition. Some minor details still required attention. Additional obstacles, palisades, and fraises in connection with the abatis and wire entanglements had been rapidly pushed forward every night to strengthen it. In con- sequence of reports that the enemy were driving galleries at dif- ferent points to undermine several works, he directed shafts to be sunk wjthin them and listening galleries to be run out as precaution- ary measures, although no indications were found to exist after a most careful personal examination. On the 16th, accompanied by Captain Gillespie and Lieutenant Beuyaurd, he examined critically the ground between Fort McGilvery and a point opposite Fort Clifton, to ascertain the strength of the enemys position, and whether any new works were in course of con- struction, as well as to decide upon the possibility of forcing a passage of the river and severing his communication by rail with Richmond. On the 20th, by direction of the commanding general, he visited City Point in company with the medical director of the army for the purpose of selecting the ground for a general field hospital. An advantageous place was found on the bluff overlooking the James, between the railroad and Baileys Creek. Besides the convenience of locality, it possessed the advantage of retirement and security, as well as that of health. Fine springs burst forth here and there from the banks sufficient to supply every want. The names of the different works of the line to the west of the Weldon railroad and of that in front of City Point were selected from among those of the many distinguished officers who were killed in action during the recent campaigns, nobly fighting their countrys battles, and so given in plan No. 12. ~ * Plate C, map 2, of the Atlas Page 177 UNION AUTHORITIES. 177 On the morning of the 24th of October two new redoubts were ordered to be thrown up at points he had previously selected, the one between the Norfolk road and the Avery house, the other near the Friend house, from both of which positions command was had over the main line of works. These were sufficiently far advanced for the movement ordered to commence on the afternoon of the 26th. The latter, in which the greater part of the army participated, continued through the 27th and 28th, extending west across Hatchers Run, and reaching along and south of it as far as the Boydton plank road where the latter crosses the stream at Burgess Mill. During the afternoon of the last day the different commands returned to their old camps. The engineer troops were then engaged along the entire line, in repairing damages, adding obstructions, driving galleries, and in every conceivable way rendering the line as strong as possible. On the 7th of November he was directed by the major-general com- manding the Army of the Potomac to furnish General Benham, commanding defenses of City Point, with the project of the line of intrenchments from Prince George Court-Ilouse to Old Court-House, and also to indicate what was necessary to be done to connect the right of that line with the rear intrenchments resting on the Black- water. In consequence of a contemplated movement he had been com- pelled to suspend work upon that section of the defensive line, and its construction was subsequently turned over to the above-named officer. By the 12th of the same month, the lines being completed, both as regards their external and internal arrangements, the following extract from Special Orders, No. 306, headquarters Army of the Potomac, of the same date, was issued for the information of all concerned: The attention of corps commanders is called to the necessity of preserving, in good order, the intrencliments front and rear, with the abatis, slashings, and other defenses. * * * * * * * The chief engineer officer will inspect the lines, both front and rear, from time to time, and report to these headquarters any failure to keep the same in good order, or any destruction of the defenses. From this time forward the engineer troops were principally occu- pied during the winter in attending to the needed repairs of the forts and batteries, in keeping in order the several corduroy roads, in over- hauling and placing in good condition the pontoon trains, in con- structing huts for winter quarters, and in building stabling for the large number of animals required for the transportation of the tool and bridge trains. The temporary quiet of the army was again interrupted for several days. On the 6th of December, by direction of the commanding gen- eral, an engineer officer, with a battalion of engineer troops and 150 feet of canvas bridging, was directed to accompany the Fifth Corps during the movement of the latter south along the Weldon railroad, and subsequently all, both regular and volunteer, were called upon to be under arms to take part in the same operation. Orders were issued at the same time that all camps located, as well as huts, corrals, or other structures erected in the vicinity of the lines of defense, either in front or rear, which, in the judgment of the engineer, inter- fered with the proper defense of the works, should be immediately 12 H RSERIES III, voL Page 178 178 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. reiuoved. Preparatioiis were also made to move, if necessary, all surplus property and the sick in hospitals to within the lines of City Point. Arrangements in regard to the further disposition of troops were directed in the event of a general move; those not previously designated for holding the iiitrenched lines to be formed into a mov- able column, nuder the immediate orders of the commanding officer of the Second Corps. All work not necessary for the defense of the position held by the army was suspended. The movement had scarcely commenced when, in consequence of severe storms of rain, accompanied with sleet, the army was finally compelled to return to its old position, some considerable damage having been effected along the line of the railroad. Comparative quiet again reigned throughout the army, with the exception of the attempt of the enemys iron-dads to come down the James River on the 24th of January, 1865, until the 4th of February, when a movement of the cavalry was ordered for the following day, to be supported by the Fifth and Second Corps. The cavalry success- fully captured a small train of the enemy on the Boydton plank road and entered Dinwiddie Court-House. In consequence of the destruc- tion of a bridge over Hatchers Run, the Fifth Corps was detained for several hours in crossing, and the former, not being supported, fell back. A severe attack was made upon the Second Corps, but was repulsed, and little more was effected on that day. On the following morning (6th) the Fifth Corps was ordered to pass the stream at the crossing on the Vaughan road and take up position to the left of the Second, the cavalry protecting its flank. Some severe fighting took place during the day. Early on the same morning he had been sent to select a line between Fort Sampson and Armstrongs Mill, and choose sites for works to hold and command the crossing at the latter place and the one on the Vaughan road. On the 7th orders were issued to intrench the line, but on the following day were so modified as to cause the line to be run direct from Fort Sampson to the Vaughan road crossing. The length of this addition to the intrenched line is nearly four miles, making the front line from the Appomattox to Hatchers Run fifteen miles of continuous earth- works. Heavy storms of rain and sleet again disturbed this movement. With the exception of the attack on Fort Stedmnan on the 25th of March, and its temporary occupancy by the enemy, no event of importance occurred until the inauguration of the campaign on the 28th of the same month. The distance from Battery No. 10, adjoin- ing Fort Stedman, to the point of the enemys line (Colquitts salient), immediately opposite, is only 613 feet between the main works, the shortest distance between the two at any point, excepting at Elliotts salient (the locality of the mine). The picket-lines of the two armies were only 435 feet apart, those of the enemy only a few feet in front of his main works. One of the advanced Union pickets was only separated 205 feet from his opposite neighbor, a narrow boyan leading to his pit from the main line. Without the exercise of the most untiring vigilance on the part of the picket and the garrison, any sudden dash at the first early dawn of the morning might prove momentarily successful; but a position so well flanked by adjacent batteries, and commanded by others in its rear, proved so untenable as to cause the enemy to be most severely punished for his temerity, and to compel him to relinquish the object of an attack for which no reasonable explanation can be made Page 179 UNION AUTHORITIES. 179 Before proceeding further he calls attention to the topographical department of the Army of the Potomac. Owing to the limited degree of information which could be obtained, either from published maps or inquiries made of the inhabitants the latter generally being averse and in most cases unable from igno- rance to impart it, even in relation to the particular localities in which they livedhis assistants had a laborious although an interesting duty. They have not only been constantly engaged in following up every movement, and in most cases acting as guides to the different columns of troops, thereby obtaining a most reliable knowledge of the country by actual experience, but have been compelled to antici- pate the geographical wants of a large army ever in motion by con- stant and careful researches. In order to be able to furnish the necessary data upon which to base the different military combinations, and thereby being made respon- sible to a great extent for the information upon which the command- ing general was able to hypothecate a reasonable degree of success in the execution of his plans, the department had necessarily to be ever active and always exact. The Engineer Bureau has been furnished from time to time with the many maps supplied the officers of armies operating against Rich- mond and Petersburg, including those of the campaigns from the Rapidan to the Appomattox; that of the carefully surveyed plan of the lines occupied during the siege of Petersburg; the several sheets representing the country adjacent to the latter city, and also about Richmond, comprising the several lines of the enemy for the defense of the capital; and also copies of those prepared in anticipation, and upon which were based the movements which terminated so success- fully and gloriously the last grand campaign of April, 186~5. On the 27th of March certain movements of the several corps of the Army of the Potomac were ordered to commence at an early hour of the 29th. On the 28th the instructions of the previous day were somewhat modified, but at the appointed time the several columns were in motion. A pontoon train accompanied the Fifth Corps to enable it to cross Hatchers Run, and subsequently remained there for the passage of the general trains. The Second Corps, which had been replaced by a portion of the Twenty-fourth along the intrenched line heretofore occupied by it, crossed by the bridge on the Vaughan road. The cavalry passed over by a bridge still farther down, at Malones Cross- ing, and moved toward Dinwiddie Court-House. In gaining their position but little opposition was encountered; one division of the Fifth had a spirited engagement on the Quaker road, and handsomely repulsed the enemy. On the 30th the Second and Fifth Corps advanced their lines to beyond the junction of the Quaker and Boydton plank roads, driving the enemy into his main works; the two lines were within easy artil- lery range; the right of the Second now rested on Hatchers Run, near the Crow house. A division of the Twenty-fourth Corps crossed the run and connected the right of the Second with the t~te-de-pont on the Vaughan road; both lines were intrenched. During the night previous and throughouL the whole of this day the rain poured down in torrents. The roads had become impassable for wagons and artillery, and the engineer troops were eng4ged in cordu- roying them and in rebuilding bridges over Hatchers and Gravelly Runs Page 180 180 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. The wagon train stnck fast in the mud. The cavalry had to be sent back by divisions to the terminus of the military railroad to replenish their supplies of rations, the wagons not being able to come up to them. During the night of the 30th the Second Corps extended its front to the left along the Boydton plank road, resting its flank on Gravelly Run. On the morning of the following day an unsuccessful effort was made by the Fifth Corps to drive the enemy from the White Oak road; subsequently, upon being re-enforced, the attack was renewed and possession gained of that road. Toward evening the cavalry had repulsed and held in check, in front of Dinwiddie Court-House, a superior force of the enemy. During the night of that day, the 31st, the Fifth Corps was sent to the assist- ance of the cavalry. From the commencement of the movement he had accompanied the commanding general over different parts of the field, in readiness to execute such instructions as might be given, and on the 1st of April, by his direction, rode along and inspected the lines from Hatchers Run toward the west. The evening of that day witnessed a most brilliant engagement on the left, in which both the cavalry and the Fifth Corps participated, the enemy along that imme- diate front having been completely routed. This glorious news was commnnicated throughout the army, and orders were issued that a simultaneous attack should be made at dif- ferent points along the entire length of the intrenched line at 4 oclock on th~ following morning. The grand assault of the 2d of April was made, and the exterior line of the enemys works penetrated and pos- session gained of the larger portion of them. The enemy having been pierced at his center and divided, one portion was driven within an interior line of works immediately encircling the city, and the other moved off from the White Oak along the Claiborne road, rapidly pursued by a division of the Second Corps. The line of the army extended at noon of that day from the Appomattox, above Petersbnrg, to the Appomattox below, the two flanks resting on the river. Colonel Michler was at that time ordered to rectify this line if neces- sary, and later in the day to select a site for a pontoon bridge across the river, and positions for batteries to command the crossing and protect passage of the army in the event of the retreat of the enemy. Early on the morning of the 3d it was ascertained that the enemy had evacuated the city of Petersbnrg, and orders of march were imme- diately issued to the different corps to follow in pursuit. The roads were found in wretched condition, and a great deal of corduroying and bridging had to be done. About noon on the 5th he was ordered to proceed in advance of the Second and Sixth Corps to report to General Sheridan, who had arrived with the cavalry and Fifth Corps at Jetersville on the previous evening, to consult with him in regard to the position to be taken by the army in anticipation of an expected attack by the enemy, it being reported that his whole force was con- centrating at Amelia Court-House. His line of retreat toward Dan- ville had been cut off, and it was presumed he would venture a heavy battle to regain it. In company with the general he rode over the line, and by the direction of the general the troops were posted as they arrived. A part of the line of battle had been previously intrenched, and work was commenced on other portions; the antici- pated fight, however, did not take place. On the following day (6th) the Army of the Potomac was put in motion in three parallel columns toward Amelia Court-House t Page 181 UNION AUTHORITIES. 181 attack the enemy, but the cavalry having early ascertained that he was endeavoring to escape by Deatonsville toward Farinville, the direction of the line of march was immediately changed; the Second moved directly on the former place and in a short time came upon and commenced a brisk skirmish with the retreating force and continued to drive him until night closed the operation; the Fifth Corps was shifted to the right flank and took the road to Paineville. Colonel Michler was directed to report the change of movement and explain its object to the commanding officer of the Sixth Corps. His column was countermarched and thrown from the right to the left flank. After retracing its steps through Jetersville and passing some two miles beyond the village, it left the main turnpike and followed a road which he had found leading toward the northwest, and by which the troops moving along it were absolutely certain of striking the flank of the retreating army. The entire cavalry force was oper- ating on the same flank. By night the battle of Sailors Creek was fought, which will long be remembered as one of the most brilliant and successful affairs of the war. It was, in fact, the last desperate engagement between these two armies. On the 7th of April the pursuit was continued. The enemy having succeeded in crossing the Appomattox at Farmville and High Bridge, he succeeded in destroying all the bridges at the former place, but failed in his efforts to damage the common road bridge at the latter crossing; three spans of the railroad bridge (Richmond and Danville road) were burnt; this structure is 2,400 feet long and 125 feet high. The enemy made some slight resistance at both these places and also on the Lynchburg plank road at a point about four miles beyond Farmville. The naturally very strong position at High Bridge was rendered additionally so by several redoubts which had been built there some- time previous for the protection of the bridge against cavalry raids. On the 8th the Second and Sixth Corps followed along the Stage road to Lynchburg, whilst the Fifth, Twenty-fourth, and Cavalry Corps pursued the one by Hampden Sidney College and Prospect Stations toward Appomattox Court-House. During the day he returned to Farmville to hasten the construction of some additional pontoon bridges and rejoined the major-general commanding on the main road. On the previous evening Lieutenant- General Grant had demanded the surrender of General Lee to avoid the further effusion of blood. No skirmishing had taken place during the day, although the one army was close on the rear of the other. About noon on the 9th, in consequence of the negotiations in regard to the surrender which were pending and exchanged under flags of truce between the generals commanding the respective armies, the advance of the Army of the Potomac, still engaged in pursuit, when within three miles of Appomattox Court-House was ordered to halt and await the issue of the proceedings. The other column had, by rapid marching, succeeded in passing around and confronting the head of that of the enemy at the latter place. The few hours of anxious suspense were happily compensated by the glorious tidings which were soon proclaimed throughout the army announcing the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia. On the following day the army commenced a retrograde movement toward Burkes Station, where it remained in camp until ordered to take up its final march toward Washington, D. C Page 182 182 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. On the 14th of April Colonel Micliler was detached from the staff of the commanding general of the Army of the Potomac, and directed, in conformity with instructions from Lieutenant-General Grant, to proceed to Petersburg, in order to examine and direct military sur- veys of the respective iimtrenched positions held by the two opposing armies during the siege and prepare plans of the same, combined with a detailed and accurate topographical map of the adjacent country; also to assume charge of the surveys of the different battle-fields and lines of operations from the James River to Appomattox Court-House. By the 30th of Juue, the termination of the fiscal year for which this report is called, the field-work had been far advanced, but in consequence of the necessity of continuing during favorable weather the survey of the several hundred square miles through which it extends, little or no office duty was accomplishedonly sufficient drawing to answer necessary purposes at the time; and consequently the maps at that time were not sufficiently far advanced, and could not exhibit the large amount and the nature of the work accomplished. Narrative collated from reports of Major ]Vlertdell. PONTOON TRAINS. The companies of the U. S. Engineer Battalion with the Army of the Potomac were under the immediate command of Major Mendell, of the Corps of Engineers, with Captain Turubull, Lieutenants Macken- zie, Benyaurd, Howell, Cuyler, and Heap, whose services, with the men nuder their command, are given in Major Michlers reports. The pontoon trains for service in the field, and to accompany the several army corps, were under the commuand of Lieutenant-Colonel Spaulding, of the Fiftieth New York Volunteers. The services ren- dered by this branch of the Engineer Department were indispensable to the success of the army. Without these transportable bridges the armies could not have moved through a country intersected with numerous rivers, wide and deep, and oftentimes with rapid currents, as well as ebb and flood tides. The material of this branch of our service is modeled from the French wooden trains and the Russian canvas trains. These trains, particularly that with light canvas boats, have, during this war, for the first time been proved advantageous and efficient and adapted to our country. They have been very generally used by the armies in the West and South, as well as the armies in the East. The officers having charge of these trains and their construc- tion have devised and adopted many useful modifications in the details. Lieutenant-Colonel Spaulding has added much to these modified improvements. The accompanying tabular statement from his report will exemplify the use and value of this indispensable branch of the engineer service. * From the above statement it appears that the total number of pon- toon bridges built was thirty-eight, and their aggregate length 6,458 feet. During the whole time covered by this report he believes the pon- toon trains have been promptly on time when ordered, the bridges rapidly and skillfully built, and all other engineering operations of the command faithfully performed. *See Series I, Vol. XXXVI, Part I, p.316 Page 183 UNION AUTHORITIES. 183 Whatever credit may be awarded to this is mainly dae to the energy and skill of the officers in immediate charge of the several works, and to the zealous and faithful co-operation of the men under their com- mand. Narrative from the report of Lieut. P. S. Michie, Corps of Engineers, brevet brigadier-general of volunteers, to General Delafteld, Chief Engineer U. S. Army, dated October 10, 1865. (See plans 11 and 12. *) The Army of the James, consisting of the Tenth and Eighteenth Army Corps (and subsequently of the Twenty- fourth and Twenty-fifth), commanded by Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler, occupied a defensive position across the peninsula of Bermuda Hun- dred on a line 6,0~58 yards long, its right resting on the James River about one mile below the llowlett house, and its left on the Appo- mattox River, on the high ground across the creek, from and on the high ground overlooking Port Walthall. This defensive line, from its position, was unusually strong. With its flanks resting on and protected by two rivers, and its front of attack being diminished to about one-fourth of its length, because of impassable ravines, it was capable of being held by a much inferior force than the enemy were required to keep in its front. But it had also its disadvantages; for the enemy intrenched on a line approach- ing not nearer than 800 yards, with flanks as secure as ours, and a front made unassailable by means of all the obstacles known to field defense, and thus effectually closed to our forces there every avenue to do damage to the railroad and turnpike, which were the lines of communication to the wings of the rebel army and the avenues to their capital. The position of the two lines is given below in the sketch. In addition to the line above described there was a strong work thrown up on Spring Hill, on the south side of the Appomattox River, just opposite Point of Rocks, and also strong works at Wilsons Wharf and Fort Powhatan, on the James River, all of which were con- structed and garrisoned by detachments from this army. These latter commanded the channel of the river at very important points, and on their occupation depended the uninterrupted supply of the Armies operating against Richmond. Brig. Gen. Godfrey Weitzel, U. S. Volunteers, captain U. S. Engi- neers, was the senior engineer of this army until October, 1864, but in consequence of his illness, in August, the duties of his office devolved upon General Michie. July.No engineering operations of any importance were carried on during this month. Attention was principally directed to strengthening the lines already laid out, in building water batteries for 100-pounder guns for the defense of Trents Reach, and in general repairs to the line. During this month there was constant picket firing all along the front, constant surprises on the part of both forces of the picket-lines, and attempts to gain ground toward each other. A signal tower 120 feet high was built at Point of Rocks, from the top of which could be seen the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad and turnpike. This gave us the means of obtaining a great deal of information, and must have impressed the enemy with this idea, for they established a casemated battery of three Whitworth rifled field * Plate C, Maps 1 and 2, of the Atlas Page 184 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. 184 guns for the special purpose of firing at this tower. But one shot of all fired at it struck it, and that only splintered one of the posts with- out damaging the tower itself. N. August.On the 3d of August a pontoon bridge 560 feet long was built on the Appoinattox River at Broadway Landing for the passage of the Second Army Corps. I / I i I g I I - Page 185 UNION AUTHORITIES. 185 A second signal tower 126 feet high, and capable of being made 40 feet higher, was built on the right flank of the line, on the high bluff known as Crows Nest, James River, opposite Aikens. From the top of this could be seen the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike and the cross-roads connecting the main roads which ran to Richmond on the north side of the James River. A lookout constantly stationed here gave information of the enemys movements. Major-General Butler having conceived the idea of cutting a canal across the peninsula known as Dutch Gap, to pass iron-dads and other war vessels through to avoid Trents Reach and the Howlett Battery, and the idea receiving the warm support of the then coin- mander of the navy in the river, a survey of the locality was made by his direction. From the sketch given below it will be seen that the river widens from 400 feet at the Howlett house to 2,700 at Trents Reach. As a consequence, at the latter place the channel becomes narrower and shallower, and at ordinary high water vessels drawing twelve feet ten inches of water can pass under favorable circumstances, but the channel was effectually blocked by the powerful battery (Dantzler) at the Howlett house, which had a plunging fire upon the whole channel from Trents Reach up to within a few hundred yards of the Howlett house. This battery had also embrasures cnt to look up the river, to give a fire in rear in case any vessel was successful in passing the heavy fire of its front. The survey of Dutch Gap showed a center section line 522 feet long, from a point in the channel on the south to a point in the channel on the north, 15 feet deep. The highest point on this center line was 38.5 feet above high-water mark, and the lowest 4 feet, which was at the south mouth. On a line 60 feet from this center line, on either side, the ground rose to 42.8 feet at the north mouth, and to 11.4 feet on the south. The difference of water level was 10.1 inches, taken at extreme low tide, thus showing the natural fall of the river between these points to be 2.13 inches to the mile. To all appearances the soil offered no insuperable difficulties for excavation, although it was rumored that the James River granite, which outcropped a mile above the lower mouth and a mile and a half below, would be met with beneath the upper strata and cause a complete failure. rrhe strata met with were as follows, viz: Yellow Virginia brick clay for twelve feet; layer of coarse sand and gravel, two to four feet; half an inch to two inches bog-iron ore; layer of pebbles and large gravel, two feet; then hard blue clay, or hardpan, containing a large quan- tity of sulphuret of iron or iron pyrites. This latter stratum was never exhausted, and the bottom and sides of the canal were chiseled out of this, presenting as smooth and compact a surface as if built with masonry. In round numbers, there were about 48,000 cubic yards to be excavatedthe canal to be sixty feet wide at high water, forty feet wide at bottom, and fifteen feet deep. It is a question whether this projectone of the simplest in civil engineeringwould have been of any advantage other than to bring our navy a few miles farther up the river; for after it was commenced it was well known that other and nearly as powerful batteries lined both banks of the James River, commanding almost impassable obstacles, and ready to do their share in disputing the passage to the rebel capital. And besides, it was an ascertained fact that the river was filled with torpedoes of the most delicate construction, most pain- ful evidence of which we had in the destruction of three of our vessel Page 186 186 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. in reaching the position then occupied. If any advantage could have accrued to us from this canal in a military point of view, it would be a maximum only by keeping it a profound secret. The excavation being ordered to proceed, ground was broken on the 9th of August, and immediately thereafter the enemy began the constant annoyance with their rifle and mortar batteries, which ende Page 187 UNION AUTHORITIES. 187 only with the suspension of labor on the canal, January 1, 1863. There were thrown in the vicinity of the working parties over 20,000 shells during the whole period of the work. The canal was excavated mainly by soldiers and partly by dredges. The latter were old and almost worn out, and were worked by civilians, who did not come up to their promises, being driven off and frightened by the enemys shells. Not more than 6,000 to 7,000 cubic yards were removed by the dredges, which were promised to remove 400 cubic yards every ten hours. They worked from the south mouth 200 feet up into the canal, where an embankment separated the part on which the soldiers were working from the lower half. The whole canal, except an embankment at the north mouth to protect against direct firing, was excavated to the required dimensions. The soil was very favorable below high-water mark. It was the hard- pan of minersa hard, stiff, blue clay, perfectly impervious to and insoluble in water. Whatever leakage took place through the strata of sand and gravel was removed by a steam pump. About the middle of December the mines which had been made in the embankment were nearly completed. This embankment was much larger than was intended to be blown out with powder, for it had been General Michies endeavor to reduce it far below what would have been almost certain to be removed, but during his absence the water had been let into the excavated part and up to the embankment without orders. It would have required a greater amount of labor and length of time to remove it than we were warranted to use at this period. It remained then only to do the best to blow out the mass between the water in the river and that in the canal; and the problem became to use an amount of powder large enough to remove the embankment and disturb its foundation so that it would be easy to remove after- ward and, at the same time, not so much as to disturb and cave down the walls of the canal in the vicinity. Twelve thousand pounds of powder were divided among five minesone of 4,000 and four of 2,000 eachdistributed as follows: Three mines were placed at a depth of fifteen feet below high water, one of 4,000 being on the center line of the canal and thirty-five feet from the face of the embankment, and two of 2,000 each were placed on the same level ten feet on each side of the center line and twenty-five feet from the face. Two remain- ing were at a depth of twenty-five feet below high-water mark, or ten feet lower than the three first, and twenty feet farther out than the central mine toward the channel on the north side. Toward the time of charging and tamping the mines the water leaked in very rapidly and the pumps were kept going night and day. The powder in the four smaller mines was in tin cans holding 125 pounds each. In the larger mine the powder was in four large rubber bags holding 800 pounds, all opening into a water-tight box which con- tained 800 pounds, and in the center of which was the point of fusion of this mine. The method of exploding the mines was by means of the Gomez fuse, a quick-burning composition said to be instantaneous for distances under 100 feet. This method proved defective, and the results showed conclusively that all of the powder did not burn, and will not when ignited in the center of large mines. The effect would, in General Michies opinion, have been several times greater if centers of fusion could ILave been made for every hundred pounds of powder, which can be done now with an electric apparatus Page 188 188 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. In the method used, in the center of each charge was placed the end of a length of Gomez fuse, cut at different points to allow the flame to ignite the powder in several places. This fuse was then grafted to an equal length in the same level running to the other mine. The three mines in the upper level were joined in the same way and, finally, the two lines were grafted together and joined to the end of a piece of slow-match cut to burn twenty minutes. The grafts had been tried repeatedly before being finally determined on, and had always been successful. On exploding the mine the embankment was thrown down and a current commenced running through the canal. Excavation by means of discharging cans of powder under water deepened and widened the channel, aided by strong freshets, so that at high water six and a half feet of water is on the embankment. General Butler having been relieved from the department about this time, work was discontinued by order. The canal at present is used by the steamer 0. S. Pierce and others of that class, which save by this way about five miles and a half of travel. A few days work to clear up the disturbed mass and to widen and deepen the north mouth would make this the usual traveled route by all vessels navigating the river. The current and tide partly flow through this way, but their action is unimportant in clearing it out, because the debris consists of large lumps of cemented gravel and hard blue clay. The above embraces all the data of interest in this much-talked-of project, and is given complete to avoid referring to it in the account of each months labor. September.During this month a line of works was built and a post established at Harrisons Landing. The defensive works consisted of a redoubt of four embrasures, with a stockaded gorge commanded by the gun-boats in the river, and infantry breast-works running from the flanks to the river. The length of the whole line is 1,412 yards. A canvas pontoon bridge of twenty-three boats was built on the Appo- mattox River September 19. The pontoniers who built it, having no experience with these boats, were twelve minutes in building the first and three minutes in building the last, the average time being seven minutes and a half for each boat. Owing to the river being affected by the tide, the claw balks had to be lashed to the saddle piece, or they would slip up or down, according as the tide was ebb or flow. Often this bridge had to be covered with manure to deaden the sound of travel when troops crossed. In these cases the dust of the manure falling into the canvas boats would rot the threads of the canvas and cause more or less leakage. It was noticed that some of the canvas coverings would leak as much as six inches of water at night and none the following day. Teams heavily loaded would often sink these boats to within four inches of the gunwale. These were among the most prominent things noticed in the use of these boats in a permanent bridge, a use, however, for which they were never intended. During the night of September 28 a pontoon bridge 1,320 feet long was built on the James River at Aikens Landing. With 100 pontoniers the bridge was finished in six and a half hours, so quietly as not to disturb the enemys pickets on the opposite side of the river. The army began to cross at 3 a. m. September 29 iii two columns, one on the bridge above spoken of and the other on the bridge at Deep Bottom. A successful advance was made; Fort Harrison, the key point of the outer line of Richmond defense, carried by assault, and the line of works extending to the Darbytown road occupied b Page 189 UNION AUTHORITIES. 189 our army. It having been determined to remain in the position thus carried, the rebel works from Fort Harrison to the New Market road were occupied by our troops and their front turned during the night and following day. Shortly afterward a line was thrown up, with batteries at appropriate intervals, extending from our left flank, at Fort Harrison, to the James River, where it rested on a large work at a point a little above Coxs Landing. This work, called Fort Brady, was on the site on which the rebels had commenced the erection of a powerful rifled battery to command the mouth of the canal. We armed the work with three 100-pounder Parrott guns and several 4k-inch Rodman rifles, constructed a large bombproof for the protec- tion of the garrison, and surrounded it by strong lines of abatis. The line from this work to Fort 1-Jarrison afforded a secure defense in case of a flank attack on the left, as it subjected the attacking party to a chance of being defeated, cut off, and captured, or driven into the river, after leaving their own lines. October.Efforts were early made to strengthen the right flank by a strong line and redoubts, but the work was stopped by order from the then commander of the Tenth Army Corps. A strong attack on this flank was made by the enemy in force on the 7th of October, which the cavalry who guarded this flank were unable to withstand, and which at one time threatened to be very disastrous to this army. Terrys division, of this corps, with the artillery under Jackson, checked and finally drove back the enemy, and then the work of securing the flank was pushed rapidly along. About 400 yards east of the New Market road a strong redoubt fifty yards square was built, and formed a salient from which the whole country within 600 yards was commanded, and from its right flank an infantry parapet of strong profile, well protected from assault by abatis, ran toward the New Market road, where it rested, about the vicinity of the Four-Mile Church. From this point to near the mouth of Four-Mile Creek strong isolated redoubts were built and manned with troops and artillery, so placed as to mutually support each other. Along New Market Heights the most salient points were taken and occupied by strong closed works, and in their front for 1,000 and 1,500 yards the woods were slashed, thus making a continuous abatis in their front to the limit of the.range of their artillery. Works were also placed to flank the valleys and sides of these hills. As there was some possibility of moving the greater part of this army to a new field of operations, leaving but a small force behind, a line of interior works, some 3,400 yards long, was built but for such a contingency. The right rested on Four-Mile Creek, and the left on the marsh below Aikens Landing. The details of construction were the same as generally belong to field defenses, the stronger batteries being placed so as to command the most important roads or the most probable points from which an attack would be made, with infantry parapets four to six feet thick on top joining them. In front were ditches from eight to twelve feet wide and six feet deep, and in advance of these a line of good abatis. This line was well indicated, the batteries completed, and infantry parapet two- thirds finished, the remaining work to be done after the troops occu- pied the line. Often the greatest difficulty has been in getting an army to take up a proper and exact line of defense at first, each regi- ment, company, and man digging where they find their spades, with- out reference to tIme fitness of things, indicating the necessity of more engineer officers Page 190 190 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. As detached works to this line, it was intended to hold those on New Market heights ai~d Camp buy, which would have given us the command of New Market, Kingsland, and Darbytown roads. The necessity for this line never occurring, it was never occupied by troops. After the occupation of Fort Harrison and the rebel captured lines, the enemy began the construction of a new line of defense joining their water batteries on the river at Chaffins farm with Fort Giliner, and running thence easterly to join on to that portion of the captured line which we could not occupy at the Charles City road, and so on to New Bridge on the Chickahominy. The line that our forces occupied was made as strong as possible, and possessed the advantage of having but a short part exposed to an attack of the enemy, which part was strongly manned and guarded. On the 27th a movement was made on the Darbytown and Williams- buro roads with no other result than to keep the enemy from send- b ing re-enforcements to the right of their army at Petersburg, which was then being attacked by the Army of the Potomac. During this movement General Weitzels troops fought on the same ground in advance of Seven Pines on which the Army of the Potomac fought in 1862. November.Details of both engineers and infantry were constantly employed during this month in repairing the works of defense and perfecting and completing those alluded to. During this season the roads used by the supply trains from the wharves and bridges became much cut up, and corduroying was commenced. Wharves for the quartermaster, ordnance, commissary, and medical departments were built at suitable places on the river. Frequent rumors arriving at Fort Harrison that the enemy were mining the work, in order to allay the fears of the garrison well holes were dug on the glacis to serve for listening galleries. As the nearest approach of the rebel works was 800 yards, and a valley twenty feet deep had to be crossed before reaching the work, but little attention was paid to these rumors. While attention was paid to the defensive operations we also found time to collect, repair, and put in working order three saw-mills, which were located in a splendid forest in the Bermuda woods. By these mills from 7,000 to 10,000 feet of lumber were sawed per day, the greater portion of which was used in the construction of a perma- nent hospital at Point of Rocks. Sufficient was obtained, however, to stock the engineer depot and build platforms and magazines in all the batteries, wharves, and bridges on the river. Below is a report of the engineer force of the army, and how employed, which may be taken as a fair standard of each days detail during the period of quiet: Two officers, 80 men, building redoubts and corduroying roads; 2 officers, 66 men, repairing Tenth Army Corps front; 2 officers, 90 men, repairing Eighteenth Army Corps front; 1 officer, 30 men, bomb- proof to dredge Dutch Gap and Fort Brady; 1 officer, 50 men, cordu- roying roads; 2 officers, 30 men, engineer depots at Bermuda and Fortress Monroe; 2 officers, 143 men, various small details, & c. 12 officers, 489 men. First New York Volunteer Engineersfour officers, 105 men, on duty at saw-mills, building wharf, pontoon bridges, repairing wagons, & c. December. This months labor was a continuation of the last, and the principal roads of supply were ready for winter use quite early in the month. Whatever damages had been done to the defenses wer Page 191 UNION AUTHORITIES. 191 repaired. Timber for a permanent pile bridge was prepared in the woods, which bridge was to be built in January. A detachment of engineer troops accompanied the expeditionary force to Fort Fisher. January.As the enemy freqnently opened a heavy mortar fire from in front of his works opposite Fort Harrison, and as the artil- lerymen were nuable to stand to their guns during its continnance, it was deemed advisable to make protection to the guns on the front of Fort Harrison. The mortars nsed by the enemy were Coehorns, placed outside of their works and behind the line of picket reserves, protected in their front by a strong line of abatis. It was designed to bombproof the whole front of the work and put in casemates enough, constructed somewhat on the Hoxo plan, for the guns on the front. There was a banquette for infantry on top, reached by broad, wide stairs in rear, which gave the infantry good cover and enabled them to see perfectly every point in advance. The ditch was deep- ened and widened and a fraise placed in the scarp to prevent scab ing. But fonr of these casemates were constructed, and two bomb- proofs, a sketch of which is shown on the opposite page. There were also three strong lines of abatis and wire entanglement placed in front of the ditch, making the whole work quite formidable and easy to hold. In order to save sand-bags, which at this time became very expen- sive, Lieutenant King, Engineer Corps, designed some loop-holes for riflemen and for use in the picket-lines, which proved admirably well adapted for their purpose, and being prepared at slight cost at the saw-milLs, were used on all the works and rifle-pits. They were con- structed of boards, and of the form shown in the diagram. They presented a smaller target for the enemys sharpshooters and at the same time gave a large field of fire. They were not easily discernible at any distance and could easily be removed and replaced. NoTE.The rebel device for the same purpose consisted in plac- ing logs of various lengths, ten to fourteen inches in diameter, hewn on two sides, with notches cut in the lower side once in about six feet along the interior crest of the parapet, and banking these logs in front with earth. The notches which formed the loop-holes were tapering toward the outside, similar to our own, and where there was much sharpshooting the orifice was still further reduced by a plate of thin boiler iron eight or ten inches square, with a hole in the center but little larger than the barrel of a musket. These plates were spiked to the front side of the logs (covering the notches), and in some cases were found with fifteen to twenty bullet marks upon them, many of which were so near the edge of the opening that the bullets probably went through, and it is quite likely that all the bullets that struck the plate would have struck the man in the rear of it had ordi- nary sand-bag loop-holes been used. The engineer may at times find this expedient worthy his attention, observing that the logs near the crest of the parapet are not suitable where artillery can be used against them. The permanent pile bridge was finished after a little more than two weeks labor, being I ,368 feet long. It became necessary as a substi- tute for the pontoon bridge owing to the great freshets in the river, the floating ice, and the driftwood that came down the river at this time. It was a pile bridge, each pier consisting of three piles driven firmly into the bed of the river and connected by a cap piece, and the piers joined by strong pieces to form bays each fifteen feet wide. An inclined log was attached to each pier to ward off drift and ice. Thi Page 192 0 0 Co 0 z z 0 H p Y Page 193 UNION AUTHORITIES. 193 was securely attached to a pile driven a short distance above and in the prolongation of the pier, which pile was nearly sawed off. When driven by the pile-drivers sufficiently it was broken off, and the end of the inclined pile thus anchored to the bottom; the other was spiked to the pier, as shown in the sketch below. The river deepens to 16 feet about 1,000 feet from the north shore, and then to 30 feet for a distance of nearly 180 feet, and then decreases rapidly to the shore-line. At the channel a draw of pontoon-boats was made 180 feet wide. The lumber which was used in the construc- tion of this bridge was obtained from the engineer depot saw-mills. Febrruary.~~T here were additional river batteries on the south side of the James, constructed and armed with 100-pounder guns, as an additional protection against another rebel raid of iron-dads. During this month and early in March the engineer force of the army decreased rapidly, owing to the expiration of their term of service. 3farch.There were at this time less than 300 effective men for duty, and but a small number of these were engineer soldiers proper. Repairs of the batteries were constantly going on. To obviate the effects of winter weather, platforms were relaid, magazines drained, and their cover renewed and thickened, and generally the lines of the army put in good defensible condition. The mules belonging to the pontoon train were worked continu- ously at the saw-mills during the winter, and only relieved when directed by Major-General Barnard, the engineer of the combined armies operating against Richmond, to be used in preparing four pontoon trains for active service and marching. New mules were obtained, and every effort made to break them to harness in time. The whole artisan force was put at work to repair and strengthen the wagons and boats. Finally orders were issued to take a train of but fifteen canvas boats, which was ready for the march on the day speci- fied. The engineer force was divided; one part under Bvt. Maj. W. R. King, U. S. Engineers, remained with General Weitzels forces, and entered the city of Richmond with his command. They began and continued the erection of a defensive line until the news of Lees surrender reached the city. They also built a pontoon bridge joining Richmond and Manchester 2,400 feet long, upon which after- ward the Armies of the James, the Potomac, Shermans army, and Sheridans cavalry crossed. The engineer force with the moving column consisted of six companies of engineers and one of pontonier~, 13 R RSEEIES III, ~OL Page 194 194 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. A tool train of ten wagons moved with the pontoon trains; the latter consisted of thirty-two wagons, carrying forage, spare chess, and 380 feet of bridge material. The weight, drawn by eight mules, was ascer- tained by weighing a pontoon wagon with its material two weeks after the campaign closed, and was found to be as follows: Pounds. Two boats of canvas and box 305 Transoms - 470 Claw balks 1,440 Saddle balks -- 244 Boatsides 224 Anchor lines 175 Anchors 310 Wagonload 3,168 Wagon 1,278 Weightdrawn 4,446 During the march there were rains, which would increase the weight. On the 29th of March the moving column of the Army of the James, consisting of Turners division of West Virginia troops, of the Twenty- fourth Army Corps, and Fosters (First) division of the same corps, commanded by Major-General Gibbon, and Birneys division of the Twenty-fifth Army Corps, all commanded by Major-General Ord, occupied the left of the Army of the Potomac, intrenched lines resting on Hatchers Run. On the 30th an advance was made across the run by Turners and Fosters divisions, rebel picket-line captured, and a position secured beyond Armstrongs house, with 800 yards of the rebel line of works. Turners division joined the Second Army Corps by a bridge built over the run. On Turners right Foster and Birney made the eon- nection with the Sixth Army Corps, still in position behind their intrenched lines. Attempts were made during the night to build intrenchments and cover for a battery, but the ground would not stand, being saturated with water from recent heavy rains, and so spongy that it would not bear the weight of a horse. April.On the morning of the 2d, the successful assault being made and rapidly followed up by an attack on Fort Gregg, which was taken after some desperate fighting, the troops occupied a position entirely surrounding Petersburg. During the night everything was got in readiness for a rapid march in the morning. Starting at S a. in., and taking the Cox road, our army made a rapid march toward Burke- ville; a part of the engineer force moved ahead to repair roads and bridges; the pontoon trains followed headquarters, to be in readiness in case of necessity. Burkeville was reached on the night of the 5th and occupied during the next day. A small force being sent out to burn the High Bridge at Farmville was met by the rebel advance and captured, after desperate fighting. The troops moved in that direc- tion on the 6th, and engaged a portion of the advance of the enemy, while the cavalry headed them off on the Prince Edward Court-House road. On the afternoon of the 7th the troops entered Farmville, the enemy burning the bridges at this place and retreating across the river. The pontoon train of our army having been well kept up to the front, notwithstanding its overloaded condition, was fortunately able to be used to pass over the artillery and trains of the Sixth and Second Army Corps and enable them to follow in rapid pursuit of the enemy that night. The pontoons were relieved by those of the Army of the Potomac before daybreak, and once more in position for a new march Page 195 UNION AUTHORITIES. 195 At daylight on the 8th the Twenty-fourth Army Corps moved from Farmyille, taking the road running nearly with the South Side Rail- road, and made a forced march of nearly thirty-three miles be- fore midnight, resting for a few hours on the railroad where Sheridan had captured several cars loaded with bacon and corn. At 3.30 a. m. on the 9th the infantry moved again, and at 8 a. m. were in action on the extreme left of the army. The leading brigade of Fosters di- vision, of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps, went into action on the double-quick, and delivered the volley which staggered and drove back the advance of the enemy, who had at that moment gained some temporary advan- tage over the cavalry. The action lasted until 10 a. in., when a truce was granted pre- liminary to the surrender. May.During this month a bridge was built at Fredericks- burg. Surveys were made, by direction of Major-General Bar- nard, of the detached works surrounding the city, and orders were afterward received to con- tinue the survey of the in- trenched lines and country adjacent to Richmond. June.Brevet Major King was intrusted with the charge of rebuilding a bridge, called Mayos Bridge, connecting Rich- mond and Manchester. The following is an extract from his report on the completion of the bridge. The plan adopted for the bridge is represented by the accompanying drawing, page 43 [195]. DESCRIPTION. o f i, main chords made of four pieces, four by twelve inches, breaking joints, and forming continuous beams the entire length of the bridge. j ~, corbels, fourteen by six- teen inches, resting on wall plates w w, and supporting main chords. a b g h, & c., straining beams, ten by twelve inches, oak, supported by posts and struts Page 196 196 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. b c g f, & c., main suspending rods in pairs, secured at b and g by wrought-iron plates, and at c and f by cast-iron connecting plates bolted to the chord. c d and e f, lower snspending rods, secnred at c and f to cast-iron connecting plates, and at d and e to horizontal wrought-iron bars; these bars being connected by three small rods d e, d ic, and e k, diag- onal iron braces, to prevent vertical undulations. k k, floor girders, ten by fourteen inches, supporting 4-inch by 12-inch joists and 3-inch plank. d Ic e Ic, oak supports, six by ten inches, resting in cast-iron shoes, which are supported by wrought-iron bars d and e. Lateral braces (not shown in drawing) connect the floor girders to prevent horizontal swaying, and diagonal braces steady the posts d Ic and e Ic. DIMENSIONS. Entire length, 1,396 feet; entire width, including sidewalks, 31 feet; width of carriage-way in clear, 19~ feet; number of bays, 18; width of bays, 69 to 78 feet; height of piers at low water, 20 feet. The strains on the different rods were computed as follows: Allow- ing for a load of 40 pounds per square foot of roadway, 40 pounds per cubic foot of timber, and 60,000 pounds as the breaking weight of iron per sqnare inch, then the greatest strain on the upper suspension rods will be nearly 32,500 pounds. Pounds. Breaking weight of same 90,000 Lower inclined suspension rods, greatest strain 16,000 Breaking weight 46,500 Lower horizontal suspension rods, greatest strain 10,200 Breaking weight . 26,000 The entire amount of wrought-iron used, including bolts, plates, & c., was 44,068 Cast-iron 13,586 Narrative from General Towers reports of February 1 and March 31, 1865, to General Delafield, Chief Engineer. Nashville was first occupied by our army on the 15th and 16th of December, 1864 [sic]. The officers of the Corps of Engineers com- menced to fortify it at that time, and as its importance increased from time to time, by making it the depot for the armies of the West, the labors of the engineers continued, and were not relaxed to the date of the last effort of the rebels to capture it, and thus endeavor to frustrate Shermans march through Georgia and the Carolinas to Virginia. To hold it and check the advance of Hood through Kentucky to the Ohio called forth all the zeal and talent of the engineers. General Tower had been sent thither in September, 1864, and labored to perfect the incomplete defenses. On the advance of the rebel General Hood, and while the army was falling back from Franklin, the necessity for strengthening and completing these defenses became more urgent. He then wrote to the assistant adjutant-general of Major-General Thomas, suggesting that the forces of the Quartermasters Department might throw an intrenched line over the high hills in advance of the Lorenz house, should it be thought expedient. (See plan No. 4. *) * Plate LXXII, Map 2, of the Atlas. It appears that the map published in the Atlas omits the numbers designating the hills herein mentioned. For the map containing these numbers, see Executive Document No. 1, House of Representa- tives, Thirty-ninth Congress, first session, Vol. II Page 197 UNION AUTHORITIES. 197 At 12 m. General Thomas visited Fort Morton and informed him that about 5,000 men would report at 1 oclock. To his question, Shall they intrench the Lorenz Hills? he replied, No; let them construct your interior line connecting with the forts. The army will hold the hills and intrench them. He. therefore gave Captain Jenney, who was assisting him, direc- tions to run the line of infantry intrenchments from Fort Morton around the Taylor house to hill 210. Captain Jenney was assisted by Major Powell, of the Tennessee Army reserve artillery. Major Dick- son, inspector of artillery of the Army of the Tennessee, superintended assiduously the construction of the large and important battery on hill 210. Captain Barlow, of the Corps of Engineers, took charge of the line from the Cumberland River to the Chattanooga railroad, south side of the city. A portion of the line from hill 210 to Hydes Ferry was laid out by Captain Barlow and himself, the rest by Major Willett. During the fif- teen days preceding the battles before Nashville more than seven miles of infantry parapet and rifle-pit intrenchments were thus constructed by the quartermasters and railroad forces. This gave a continuous line (see plan No. 4*) in advance of all the hospitals, store-houses, and other structures, except the scattered houses of the suburbs in front of College Hill, and held the elevated positions which looked upon the buildings within range. It is the line indicated in his report of October, 1864. It is just as long a line as that occupied by the army over the hills, but the shortest that would effectually secure the hospitals and other important structures. The line over the hills was the best army line, but deriving no support from Forts Morton, Hous- ton, Gillem, and Hydes Ferry, could not be held by the usual forces occupying Nashville. It would have required a large number of redoubts of expensive construction, owing to the rocky nature of the soil, to have fortified the line of hills, but such line would hold an enemy well away from the city, covering it effectually. It was his opinion that completing the works already described, and strengthening the principal batteries at intermediate points, would make Nashville secure with its usual garrison, aided by the quartermasters organized forces. Hill 210 must be strengthened, as it is a key position, and the Taylor house knoll should be supported by a keep. Small block-houses in batteries, like the construction for Battery Donaldson, are a good arrangement when well covered by the parapets. Unfortunately, wood construc- tions are the most difficult of accomplishment. Embrasures, maga- zines, and block-house bombproofs cause the great delay in making forts and batteries. A great deal, however, has been accomplished during the past three months in spite of extremely unfavorable weather, mud, and muddy roads. It has rained more than half the time. When General Sherman appointed him inspector-general of forti- fications for his military division he requested him to look well to the defenses of Nashville. He also called his attention to Murfrees- borough and Columbia, the line of defense for the army falling back. Murfreesborough was known to be well defended. Columbia was the position on Duck River which would have been held by our army had * Plate LXXII, Map 2, of the Atlas. It appears that the map published in the Atlas omits the numbers designating the hills herein mentioned. For the map containing these numbers, see Executive Document No. 1, House of Representa- tives, Thirty-ninth Congress, first session, Vol. II Page 198 198 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. the corps from Missouri arrived a week sooner. As things occurred, Nashville was the threatened point, and he gave his attention to its defenses, using all his personal influence to get aid from every source possible. The plans submitted will show works devised by him for the defense of this depot and alterations in original works. He had to thank the railroad department for much assistance rendered, and especially the quartermasters department for aid in laborers and material. These laborers were mostly organized as brigades, and turned out as such and guarded two miles of the interior line during the battles of the 15th and 16th of December, 1864, and in case of an attack on the city would doubtless be an efficient assistance to this garrison. Captain Barlow understands this position well, and would doubt- less do everything in his power to forward its defenses. Waiting for plans has delayed this synopsis of engineer operations at Nashville. He was getting up a plan of the magnificent battles of December 15 and 16, gained by the U. S. army commanded by Major-General Thomas over the rebel forces under General Hood. (See plan No. 4. ~) Having accompanied the commanding general during these fights, it was his special request that he should direct the survey and draw- ing of the plan illustrating them. Captain Barlow, U. S. Engineers, in immediate charge of the defenses of Nashville since the middle of December, had much improved his department and heartily responded to his efforts to push forward the defensive line. Captain Jenney, aide-de-camp on General Shermans staff, in charge of topographical office there, had voluntarily assisted and had done excellent service superintending at Forts Houston and Gillem, and in the construction of infantry line of intrenchments. He has sent the map (see plan No. 4*) of the battles of Nashville, which shows the dispositions of troops before and during the battles, and which, with the exception of sections, seems clear and complete. By a little attention it will be perceived how admirably the battle was planned. Its execution was in accordance with the plan. X was the turning point on which the army wheeled as on a pivot. From that point to the river on the left the lines were held by new troops under General Steedman, while the three infantry corps, com- manded by Generals Wood, Smith, and Schofield, and the Cavalry Corps under General Wilson, were hurled upon the enemys center and left. Our army, thus in position, formed nearly a straight line, of which the left, far refused (made up of new troops), held lines sup- ported by works and covered by a brilliant dash of General Steedman with a small force in advance toward the enemys right. The right was the old fighting army, which, though requiring much time to swing into position (about 40,000 strong), necessarily broke the enemys left and drove him from his main line. The second day the rebel general had concentrated his forces; but the moral effect of his first days fight, his losses, especially in artillery, together with our superiority of cavalry, which dismounted and attacked his left rear, all contributed to his defeat; and the left of his line was broken about 4 oclock by a dash of General Smiths corps. The battle is worthy of study. * Plate LXXII, Map 2, of the Atlas Page 199 UNION AUTHORITIES. 199 Narrative from the report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. 0. 111. Poe to the Chief Engineer, dated October 8, 1866. * Narrative collated from the report of Lieutenant and Brevet Captain Stickney, Corps of Engineers, June 3, 1865, to General Richard Delafield, Chief Engineer U. S. Army. (See plans Nos. 3 and 11. t) While remaining in Goldsborough, from March 24 to April 10, the pontoon train was put in complete repair as far as material at hand would admit. Thirty new canvas boat covers were received and all but ten of the old covers sent to New Berne. April 10 the army moved out from Goldsborough toward Raleigh, arriving at the latter place on the 14th. The next day the Fifteenth Army Corps proceeded to Morrisville and the Seventeenth Army Corps to Jones Station, at which places they were halted on account of the negotiations for the surrender of the enemys army~ None of the bridges over the streams between Goldsborough and Raleigh were destroyed, but the planks were in most cases thrown off and were soon replaced, causing no delay of any consequence. The roads were in very bad condition between Goldsborough and Pineville, the Fif- teenth Army Corps being obliged to build 214 feet of wagon bridges over sloughs, 175 feet of foot bridges, and 13,196 yards of corduroy. The Seventeenth Army Corps made 426 feet of bridges and 16,918 yards of corduroy. The army remained in the vicinity of Raleigh till April 29, when, the rebel army having surrendered, it started on its home- ward march toward Petersburg, where it arrived May 6. The roads were in excellent condition and bridges standing over all the rivers except the Neuse and Roanoke. The army arrived at Robinsons Ferry, on the Roanoke, May 3, the pontoon train being in advance. This river is 740 feet wide at the point at which the army crossed, and the depth of water from five to ten feet. The pontoon train contained only 580 feet of bridging, but they found four large wooden boats on the river, which were rigged up with centerpieces, made four trestles, and the bridge was ready for crossing by 8 a. m. on the 4th, after a hard nights work. After remaining two days at Peters- burg the army moved to Manchester. The major-general commanding informed Captain Stickney that from Manchester up they would find bridges over all streams, as they were to be left for them by the Army of the Potomac, which preceded them; consequently he did not think it necessary to procure more chesses. On the 12th of May the Seventeenth Army Corps started for Alex- andria, the Fifteenth Army Corps on the following day, and arrived there on the 19th. The roads were generally good all the way from Raleigh to Alexandria, and the army moved with surprising celerity. He was disappointed, however, about the bridges, there being none over the Pamunkey or Occoquan Rivers. The former was very much swollen, the water overflowing the southern bank to the depth of about two feet and a half when they first arrived, the morning of May 13, and continued to rise during the day and following night. The pontoon bridge was laid and some trains passed over that afternoon, but before the next morning the water rose so high that it became necessary to build a kind of trestle bridge about thirty * Here omitted in view of the full report published in Series I, Vol. XXXVIII, Part I, p. 127; Vol. XLIV, p. 58, and Vol. XLVII, Part I, p. 169. t Plate LXXVI, Map 2, and Plate C, Map 1, of the Atlas Page 200 200 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. yards in length to approach the pontoons. This was done by the First Michigan Engineers and Seventeenth Army Corps pioneers. Lient. Col. William Tweeddale, with his regiment, the First Mis- souri Engineers, had charge of the pontoon train. The pontoon train has most of the time been divided into two sectionsone section moving with each army corps and each section being accompanied by a portion of the First Missouri Engineers. The First Michigan Engineers moved with the Seventeenth Army Corps, but were nnder Captain Stickneys orders only on the occasion at the Roanoke River. Following is a statement of places where pontoon bridges were laid: April 14, over Neuse River, at Battles Bridge, 160 feet. April 29, over Neuse River, at Powells Bridge, 200 feet. May 3, over Roanoke River, at Robinsons Ferry, 740 feet. May 13, over Pamunkey River, at Littlepages Bridge, 200 feet. May 18, over Occoquan River, at Occoquan, 280 feet. Narrative collated from the report of Lieutenant- Colonel and Brevet Brigadier- General Comstoclc, of the Corps of Engineers, of the 27th of January, 1865, addressed to General Terry, and copy to General Delafteld, Chief Engineer. * WAR DEPARTMENT, PAYMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, October 31, 1865. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War: SIR: I have the honor to submit a report of the official transactions of the Pay Department of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 186& The tabular statements herewith presented exhibit the details from which the following statement in gross is made: Balance in hands of paymasters and unissued requisitions in Treas- ury at beginning of fiscal year (July 1, 1864) $86,039,808.87 Received from the Treasury during the fiscal year (including un- issued requisitions in Treasury on June 30, 1865) 337,200,000.00 Received by paymasters from other sources, exclusive of sums transferred among themselves 6, S15, 137. 50 Totalto beaccountedfor ___ 430 054,946.37 Accounted for as follows: Disbursements to the Regular Army ____ 7 839,225.47 Disbursements to the Military Academy 153,099.11 Disbursements to the volunteers. 300,738,635.95 Total disbursement 308,730,960.53 Amount of unissued requisitions in the Treasury on June 30, 1865 65,900,000.00 Balance actually in hands of paymasters on June 30, 1865 Sb, 423,985.84 430,054, 946.37 This large amount in the hands of paymasters at the end of the fiscal year was an unavoidable necessity from the fact that at that * Here omitted in view of the publication of full report in Series I, Vol. XLVI, Part I, p. 406. t Tabular statements omitted in view of the general summary following Page 201 TINION AUTHORITIES. 201 precise period of time the department was everywhere throughout the country under the greatest pressure of payments to mustered-out troops, and money in large sums had to be kept thus distributed. From the above it will be seen that the sum actually disbursed dur- ing the fiscal year and in process of disbursement at the end thereof was $430,054, 946.37. Since the beginning of the current fiscal year, besides the above sums in the hands of paymasters and the unissued requisitions stated, $94,000,000 have been disbursed and distributed for disburse- ment, making a total expenditure of $524,054,946.37 during the last fiscal year and the present one to this date. Of this large sum more than one-half ($270,000,000) has been paid to disbanded volunteer troops mustered out of service. From the early days of June to the present time this department has made final payment to more than 800,000 officers and men. The number paid cannot be definitely stated for the want of time for full official returns to be received from the many various and distant points of payment throughout the country, especially as these pay- ments are still continuing. Enough, however, is known with cer- tainty to establish the fact that the figures stated are not in excess. This is an extraordinary exhibit of work performed chiefly within the three months of June, July, and August$270,000,000 of money paid to 800,000 individual men. When the manner of these payments is observed, with a knowledge of the particularity required in each case the accounts varying in amounts, each to be separately computed in its several items of pay, clothing, bounty, & c., with such stoppages as may be chargeable deducted; the final amount stated and the sig- nature of each officer and man to be appeuded in duplicate to the receipt rollsa just appreciation may be formed of the stupendous labor involved. No similar work of like magnitude, regarding its immensity both as to men and money and the small limit of time in which it has been performed, has, it is believed, any parallel in the history of armies. The troops for discharge were, under the orders from the Adjutant- Generals Office, transported to their respective State rendezvous as rapidly as the proper officers of the various organizations could dis- patch the duty of mustering out. This department engaged to prepare with funds officers at all the sixty different places of designated rendezvous throughout the States, and to make prompt payment in the shortest practicable time on the arrival of each organization, so as substantially to avert delays, with all their evil consequences, at the places of rendezvous. How far this pledge on our part has been redeemed the c,ountry can answer. The facts of record in the War Department show no delays of moment occurring in any quarter; none, at least, chargeable to this depart- ment. The work is mainly accomplished, satisfactorily accomplished, beyond the most sanguine anticipations of those who could under- stand and properly measure the vastness of the undertaking. For this result the country is indebted largely to the zeal, intelli- gence, and sleepless industry of a corps of experienced paymasters who signalized themselves in this the closing act of their military staff service by a faithfulness and devotion which reflects the highest honor upon them as a body and as individual officers. To them, under the skillful management of their supervising district chiefs, this depart- ment owes its success; and I take occasion, as the head of the department, in this public official communication to render to the Page 202 202 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. the homage of my grateful acknowledgments. The credit is theirs, for without their experience and cordial co-operative efforts not all the powers of the Government combined could have wrought so favorable a solution of a difficult problem. It becomes my duty also to notice here, in most favorable terms, the valued services of the officers and clerks connected immediately with this office. They appreciated the emergency and bent themselves to the difficult work which, for a time, pressed upon the office with almost overwhelming weight. With payments simultaneously pro- gressing at sixty different points, widely separated, with the necessity of keeping each one supplied with funds from day to day, and a neces- sity also that each should have no more than required for immediate disbursementdrawing from the Treasury at the rate of $20,000,000 per week and compelled to make close estimate and careful watch of its daily distribution, so that the demand at each given point should be surely supplied and yet no more than supplied; telegrams and let- ters continually pouring in noting the movement and destination of troops, and repeating these notices to the proper points of rendezvous; applications and appeals constantly arriving requiring immediate answers; new questions arising and referred to this office for instructions, & c.kept our thoughts, on r pens, our press, and the telegraph in constant requisition by day and by night. Mid all this I am happy to bear testimony that every one labored with cheerful alacrityin some instances, indeed, during the heated season, even beyond their strength. It may be said of these, as I have said of the paymasters in the fieldbut for their willing efforts, rendered with self-denying devotion, the work could not have been a success. The unstinted facilities extended, sir, by your authority and orders, in the free use of the utiilitary telegraph, the printing press, and all other agencies that could be profitably applied to the end, together with the liberal confidence which you were pleased to repose in this office, leaving to it an almost unrestricted discretion to manage, with- out hindrance, its own details; your concurrence in and support of its acts and ordersthese reveal the vital secret of a result so favorable. I cannot close this branch of my subject without a grateful expres- sion of indebtedness to the officers of the Treasury Department for the courteous and zealous attention with which, during the trying exigency, they always entertained the importunate demands of this office. What often seemed as hopeless impossibilities obstructing the financial path were, by their fervent efforts, readily dispelled, and thus all our requisitions were met with most satisfactory promptness. At the date of my last annual report, besides the small number of officers constituting the Pay Department of the Regular Army (and which is without casualty or change since), there were in the service 409 additional paymasters, contingent appointments under the law of July, 1838. Afterward, up to March 3, 38 others were appointed and confirmed, making a total of 447, accounted as follows: Resigned, 89; commission declined, 1; dismissed,4; appointments canceled, 21; dropped, 2; died of disease, 5; lost at sea, 1; killed by guerrillas, 2; died while prisoner of war, 1; mustered out, 111; total casualties, 237; remaining in service, 210. This reduction may still continue, following with even pace, as their services can be spared and their accounts be rendered, the progress of the reduction of the Army Page 203 UNION AUTHORITIES. 203 The sudden disbandment of our volunteer hosts, besides their final payment on the ordinary forms of muster-out rolls and other discharge papers, has devolved upon this departmeut an inordinate accumula- tion of referred claims transmitted for adjustment and payment. These have arisen from various causes, but chiefly from the inability of the officers charged with the execution of the muster-out papers to reach a complete history as to pay, clothing, bounty, & c., of large numbers of enlisted men, so as to enable a final settlement at the time of discharge. To all such certificates of discharge are furnished, upon which are indorsed the fact of non-payment, and the holders are directed to forward the same, as the basis of their claim, to the Paymaster-General for adjustment. Such magnitude has this demand attained that it has been found necessary to organize a special division of paymasters as an attach- ment of this Bureau to take exclusive cognizance of this class of claims. This division of referred claims is now composed of a chief supervising paymaster of much intelligence, judgment, and experi- ence, with twelve other paymasters; also competent officers of experience and a corps of sixty-four active clerks. The peculiar labors of this division could not be near so well performed under any other organization, having, as this does, enlightened paymasters to supervise every branch of the work, each being responsible for his own. Every claim sent to this division requires for its elucidation a care- ful and laborious search through all the previous rolls on file in this and the Second Auditors Office, besides constant reference to the Adjutant-Generals Office, to trace out through the past records all the facts touching the case, the charges, stoppages, forfeitures, & c., that it may be stated with accuracy the balance due the claimant. This done, vouchers in form covering that balance are filled out and transmitted to the claimant for his signature, which returned to the paymaster, the latter remits a check for the amount. From this it will be seen how tedious is the work of this division, what careful industry it demands, and how inevitable are the delays complained of by impatient claimants. The clerical force of this Bureau is without material change since the date of my last annual report. For months past, in anticipation of an early permanent reduction of that force, I have refrained from recommending new appointments to fill such vacancies as have occurred by resignation and other casualties. This course, I apprehend, may continue without injury or material inconvenience to the public service. Such, however, is the sudden accumulation of the business of the Bureau, by reason of the present influx for examination of rolls and other classes of vouchers, result- ing from the recent and continued large payments to disbanded troops already adverted to, that but a very slight reduction in the number of clerks employed will be practicable for some months to come. I need hardly urge the unqualified conviction that the compensa- tion allowed by the Government to this indispensable class of public agents is quite inadequate in view of the present exorbitant cost of the necessaries of life. The clerks of this Bureau as a body are highly meritorious and deserving public servants. None, I am sure, better than they have by faithful industry earned just title to favor- able consideration. ~ becomes my duty, therefore, respectfully, bu Page 204 204 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. urgently, to recommend a reasonable increase of the rates of compen- sation now by law fixed for the clerks employed in this Bureau. Especially is this demanded by every consideration of the public interest, of enlightened public economy, for the clerks of the higher grades and for the chief clerk. I feel sure I have only to present this subject to your attention to insure your influence in the further- ance of a consummation so proper. In another paper communicated, to you, dated the 11th instant, I have had the honor to submit for your consideration a plan for the better organization and a permanent increase of the Pay Department of the Army, to which I respectfully invite your attention in connec- lion with this report. The entire of the Regular Army and the volunteer forces of every description retained in service, and not embraced in orders for muster out, have been paid, or are provided for and in process of payment, to the end of the last fiscal year (to 1st of July last). Many organizations have been paid to the later date of September 1. All discharged troops have been paid in full, and all being dis- charged or under orders for discharge are provided for, and will be paid as fast as they arrive at their respective places of rendezvous. Paymasters are held in readiness to make another payment to the troops who shall be continued in the service, whenever the needful funds for that purpose may be available. In conclusion, I beg to present to your attention the following remarkable summary statement of the results in this department during the past four years of war: The total of money disbursed by the department from July 1, 1861, to the present date is $1,029,239,000. Total defalcations in the department for same period, supposing that nothing is made from sureties (it is believed that more than one-half will be collected from these sources) $541, 000 Total expenses for disbursements, including pay and allowances to pay- masters and their clerks, mileage, and traveling expenses, & c., an average of 350 paymasters and 400 clerks for the term of four years and four months (a large average) - 6,429,600 Total defalcations and expenses- - 6,970,600 Thus it is seen that the total of every character of expense to the Government arising from the disbursement of the pay to the armies during the period stated is less than seven-tenths of 1 per cent. of the sum disbursed. Surely this is a cost most wonderfully cheap for the execution of duties so important and responsible. It is much questioned if there is another instance on record of public disbursement so cheaply performed. Respectfully submitted. B. W. BRICE, Paymaster- General U. S. Army. PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. 0., November 1, 1865. Brig. Gen. JAMES B. FRY, Provost-Marshal- General of the United States: GENERAL: In obedience to instructions I have the honor to submit the annual report of the operations of the Disbursing Branch of th Page 205 UNION AUTHORITIES. 205 Provost-Marshal-Generals Bureau for the year ending November 1, 1865: Upon assuming the duties of this branch in March, 1865, it was not deemed necessary to make any changes in the system then in oper- ation, which was fully described in the last annual report. No mate- rial change in the status of the employ6s of this Bureau had occurred up to the 31st day of March, 1865, from that shown in the annual report dated November 7, 1864, the number of persons employed and the salaries paid them being nearly alike at both dates. Since that time the number of employ6s and all expenditures have been reduced as rapidly as circumstances and the interests of the public service would permit. The following exhibit of the employ6s of this Bureau as they stood on the 1st day of November, 1864, will, on comparison with the state- ment given on the succeeding page, show the relative status at the two dates: Ce Ce o ~i 0 ~ 0 Ce Ce Q . 0 ~ 0 Ce W State. a5 ie . ~ Ce Ce Ce Ce 0 ~ .o ~ Ce Ce ~ .~ 0 be ~ Ce b~ 0 0~ Ce ~0 eC 0 n ~ 0 ~ Ce Q Ce Ce .~ ~ 0 co o H -~ ~i Q ~ H Maine 5 14 25 17 46 5 4 1 112 NewHampshire 3 9 3 12 7 3 1 35 vermont 3 7 3 11 3 2 1 27 Massachusetts 10 16 23 33 62 1 7 1 143 RhodeIsland 2 4 10 6 2 2 1 25 Connecticut - 4 3 sI ii 13 3 4 39 New York 31 67 89 99 178 22 25 55 1 3 5 544 New Jersey 5 20 12 14 55 11 4 2 118 Pennsylvania 24 70 80 93 130 14 24 31 1 443 Delaware 1 8 7 3 8 1 1 28 Maryland 5 19 17 22 12 2 5 3 80 west virginia 3 14 12 10 6 1 4 47 Kentucky 9 85 26 25 19 5 7 1 168 Ohio 19 60 58 63 153 15 11 19 4 383 Michigan 6 17 35 19 40 5 3 1 120 Indiana 11 59 23 28 68 7 3 7 195 Illinois 13 39 48 41 77 14 7 1 ..~. 227 Iowa 6 52 15 16 16 6 7 - 1 113 Minnesota 2 25 8 9 14 2 3 1 62 wisconsin 6 40 37 19 44 7 1 148 Missouri 9 57 22 22 2 8 4 115 District of Columbia 1 7 6 3 2 18 Kansas 2 4 4 7 1 16 Nebraska Territory 1 1 2 1 4 Colorado Territory 1 1 1 2 Dakota Territory 1 1 2 2 1 6 Nevada Territory 1 1 1 2 washington Territory 1 2 2 1 5 California 3 4 4 6 2 16 Oregon 1 1 1 2 Total 189 698 S77 600 958 140 132 uS 1 4 18 3, 24 Page 206 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. The subjoined statement will show the number and classification of all employ6s on duty in the offices of provost-marshals and acting assistant provost-marshals-general at this date: a o n a a a a a State. o ~ -~ ,~ +~ 0 ~ a -~ a o ~0 ~ a ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ .~ .~ -~z ~ ~ Z ~ 0 H ~ H H Maine 5 5 1~. 1 7 NewHampshire 3 5 S ve~ont 3 5 S Massachusetts 10 12 4 16 Rhode Island 2 Connecticut 4 S 1 6 NewYork 31 42 11 53 NewJersey S 7 3 10 Pennsylvania 24 25 1 - 10 36 Delaware 1 1 1 2 Maryland 5 7 1 8 District of Columhia 1 1 1 westvirgiuia 3 5 2 7 Kentucky 9 13 1 . 3 17 Missouri 9 11 1 - - - 4 16 Ohio 19 24 2 26 Indiana 11 13 5 18 Illinois 13 15 7 22 Michigan 6 8 1 9 Iowa 6 8 4 12 wisconsin 6 8 2 10 Minnesota 2 4 I 5 Kansas 2 4 2 6 Nehraska Territory 1 Colorado Territory 1 Dakota Territory 1 Oregon Territory 1 washington Territory 1 California 3 6 3 9 Nevada 1 Total 189 234 4 . 68 386 The number of clerks, messengers, and watchmen at present employed in the Disbursing Branch is as follows: Clerks. a 0 a - A - a - ~ ~ ~ - Officeof a ~ 0 ~ -~ -~ cS -~ bfJa bf~ 0 ~ -~ a a a a -~ - +~ a 0 a a ~ a a a ~ ~ H ro~ H MajHRRathhone 1 2 3 7 1 2 2 18 Capt. R. Lodor, First and Second Divisions 6 3 1 --- - 7 Capt. S. Dana, Third and Fourth Divisions 4 6 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 12 Total 1210161 31337 As rapidly as the number of employ6s was reduced and expenses curtailed it became necessary to reduce and consolidate the divisions of this branch, the first consolidation going into effect on the 1st day of June, 1865, at which date Capt. F. H. Barroll, disbursing officer in charge of Third Division, was relieved, and his duties transferred to Capt. S. Dana, in charge of Fourth Division, both divisions being consolidated in one. 20 Page 207 UNION AUTHORITIES. 207 The continued reduction of the business of this branch necessitated a still further consolidation, which took effect September 4, 1865, Bvt. Lieut. Col. J. McL. Huldt, disbursing officer in charge of First Division, being relieved on that date, and his duties transferred to Capt. R. Lodor, disbursing officer in charge of Second Division, both divisions being consolidated in one. The number of letters received, letters sent, and indorsements made during the year ending November 1, 1865, is as follows: Letters received 25,820 Letters sent 4,625 Indorsementsmade 3,830 The amount of funds received, disbursed, and turned over during the year ending November 1, 1865, on account of enrollment and draft is as follows: Capt. James McMillan, formerly in charge of the First Division, received, disbursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to December 19, 1864 (the date at which he was relieved), the following amounts: OnhandNovemberl,1864 $204,618.27 Receivedsince 430,219.42 TotaL 634,837.69 Disbursed $251,865.75 Turned over 382,971.94 Total disbursed andturnedover 634,837.69 Capt. H. R. Rathbone, who succeeded Capt. James MeMillan in charge of the First Division, received, disbursed, and turned over from December 20, 1864, to March 23, 1865 (the date at which he was relieved by Capt. J. MeL. llildt), the following amounts: Received from Captain McMillan $357,929.54 Received since 450,034.50 Total 807,964.04 Disbursed $435,088.18 Turned over 372,875.86 Total disbursed and turned over 807,964.04 Capt. J. MeL. llildt, who succeeded Capt. H. R. Rathbone in charge of the First Division, received, disbursed, and turned over from March 23, 1865, to August 31, 1865 (the date at which he was relieved from duty in the Provost-Marshal-Generals Bureau), the following amounts, viz: Received from Capt. H. R. Rathbone $267,875.86 Receivedsince 450,302.99 Total 718,178.85 Disbursed $436,905.18 Turned over - 281,273.67 Total disbursed and turned over - 718,178.85 Capt. R. Lodor, in charge of Second Division, has received, dis- bursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to November 1, 1865, the following amounts: OnhandOctober3l, 1864 $168,072.65 Received since 1,373,035.3 Page 208 208 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Received from Bvt. Lieut. Col. J. MeL. Hildt September 1, 1865 - - - $145,013.82 Total - 1,686,121.86 Disbursed $1,168,253.87 Turned over~ 353,300.00 Total disbursed and turned over - - - - - 1,521,553.87 Balance on hand November 1, 1865~ 164,567.99 Capt. F. H. Barroll, formerly in charge of the Third Division, received, disbursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to June 1, 1865 (the date at which he was relieved from duty in the Provost- Marshal-Generals Bureau), the following amounts, viz: On hand November 1, 1864 $41,450.99 Received since 104,833.08 Total 146,284.07 Disbursed - $129,259.17 Turnedover 17,024.90 Total disbursed and turned over 146,284.07 Capt. Samuel Dana, in charge of the Fourth Division, has received, disbursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to November 1, 1865, the following amounts: OnhaudNovemberi, 1864 $84,881.44 Received since - 575,659.45 Total 660,540.89 Disbursed $588,213.45 Turnedover - 14,000.00 Total disbursedandlurnedover 602,213.45 BalanceonhandNovemberl,1865 58,327.44 Ma.j. T. C. English, Fifth U. S. Infantry, acting assistant provost- marshal-general for Portland, Greg., has received, disbursed, and turned over from November II, 1864, to August 31, 1865 (the date of his last report), the following amounts, viz: OnhandNovemberi, 1864 Nothing. Received since $51,000.00 Disbursed 27,418.26 Balance onhaudAugust 1, 1865 23,581.74 Brig. Gen. John S. Mason, formerly acting assistant provost-marshal- general for San Francisco, Cal., received, disbursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to March 28, 1865 (the date of the transfer of the funds to Capt. H. B. Fleming, his successor), the following amounts, viz: Onhand November 1,1864-- $42,297.60 Received since 60,935.00 Total 103,232.60 Disbursed - $21,826.48 Transferred 81,406.12 Total disbursed and transferred 103,232.60 Capt. H. B. Fleming, Ninth U. S. Infantry, acting assistant provost-marshal-general for San Francisco, Cal., has received, di Page 209 UNION AUTHORITIES. 209 bursed, and turned over from March 28, 1865, to September 1, 1865 (the date of his last return), the following amounts, viz: Received from Brigadier-General Mason $55, 406. 12 Disbursed $10,507.60 Transferred 25,000.00 Total disbursedandtransferred 35,507.60 Balance on hand September 1, 1865 19,898.52 The amount of funds received, disbursed, and turned over during the year ending October 31, 1865, on account of incidental expenses, Quartermasters Department, is as follows, viz: Capt. F. H. Barroll, in charge of Third Division, has received, dis- bursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to June 1, 1865 (the date at which he was relieved), the following amounts, viz: On hand November 1,1864 $36,863.13 Received since 12,132.40 Total 48,995.53 Disbursed $11,937.46 Turnedover 37,058.07 Totaldisbursedandturnedover 48,995.53 Capt. Samuel Dana, in charge of Fourth Division, has received, disbursed, and turned over from June 1, 1865, to November 1, 1865, the following amounts, viz: OnhandJunel, 1865 $37,058.07 Disbursed $51.00 Turnedover 8.50 Total disbursed and turned over 59.50 Balance onhand October 31, 1865 36,998.57 Capt. Hugh B. Fleming, Ninth U. S. Infantry, acting assistant provost-marshal-general for San Francisco, Cal., has received, dis- bursed, and turned over from March 28, 1865, to August 31, 1865 (the date of his last return), the following amounts, viz: On hand - $500.00 Disbursed 170.12 Balance 329.88 Capt. S. Dana has received, disbursed, and turned over on account of the fund for sick and wounded soldiers during the past year the following amounts: Received $30,000.00 Disbursed 9,300.00 BalanceonhandNovemberl,1865 20,700.00 Total amount disbursed on account of enrollment and draft during the present year 3,175,744.06 Total amount disbursed on account of incidental expenses of Quartermasters Department during the present year 12,158.58 Total amount disbursed in refunding commutation money to non- combatants, from the fund for sick and wounded soldiers 9,300.00 The amount of commutation money received by receivers thereof (collectors of internal revenue) and deposited by them to the credit 14 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 210 210 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. of the Treasurer of the United States, from November 1, 1864, to November 1, 1865, is as follows: On account of draft and substitutes $317, 130.00 On account of sick and wounded soldiers $337, 500.00 There was also deposited to the credit of the Treasurer on account of sick and wounded soldiers by the Provost- Marshal-General, being funds turned over to him by the ex-Governor of Ohio 3,487.53 340,987.53 Total 658,117.53 There has been disbursed on account of the commutation fund the following amounts, as follows: PERCENTAGE. Amount disbursed to receivers in payment of the percentage allowed them in conformity with the rates established November 4, 1863, is from November 1, 1864, to November 1, 1865 $42,781.62 Amount reimbursed to receivers and paid to others for expenses of stationery, blanks, express charges, exchange, postage, & c., from November 1, 1864, to November 1,1865 2,440.98 REFUNDED. Amount refunded to persons who had paid commutation money and furnished substitutes and afterward were exempted for various causes, from November 1, 1864, to November 1, 1865: By disbursing officers of this branch $39,970.00 By disbursing officers C., D., and 0. Branch 10,500.00 Total 50,470.00 Thinking that a r~snm6 of all transactions relating to the com- mutation fund would be more satisfactory, a statement is herewith appended showing the entire amounts received, disbursed, and turned over: Amount of commutation money received PriortoNovemberi 1863 ____ $10,518,000.00 From November 1, 1863, to October 31,1864 _____ 15 188,699.25 Amount received from November 1,1864, to November 1,1865 657,817.53 Total commutation money received from July 22. 1863, to October 31,1864 26,364,516.78 Amount deposited to credit of Provost-Marshal-General from July 22 to October3l,1863 10,518,000.00 Provost-Marshal-General from November 1, 1863, to October 31, 1864 4 945,800.00 Amount deposited to credit of the Treasurer of the United States From February 23,1864, to October 31,1864 _____ 10 242,599.25 From November 1,1864, to November 1, 1865 658,117.53 Total deposits 26,364,516.78 Amount deposited on account of Appropriation for draft and substitutes ______ 25 902,029.25 Sick and wounded 462,487.53 Total 26 364,516.78 Amount of commutation money deposited by receivers to credit of the Treasurer of the United States 10,900,716.78 Balance in the hands of the Provost-Marshal-General deposited to the credit of the Treasurer in compliance with the joint resolu tion of Congress 7,439,035.2 Page 211 UNION AUTHORITIES. 211 Amount deposited to credit of the Treasurer of the United States byCapt.J.McL.Hildt $270.00 Total 18,340,021.98 Amount of commutation money deposited to the credit of the Provost-Marshal-General 15,463,800.00 Amount donated 900.00 Amount leftby deserters 742.50 Amount of tax~~ 3345 Amount turned over by mustering and disbursing officers 200,000.00 Total 15,665,475.95 Amount disbursed and turned over to mustering and disbursing officers by Provost-Marshal-General 8,226,440.75 Amount turned over to Treasurer of the United States by Provost- Marshal-General 7,439,035.20 Total 15,665,475.95 At the date of the last annual report the total number of officers and employ6s of the Provost-Marshal-Generals Bureau was 4,716, at a cost per month of $311,868.60. The number now on duty and in the employ of the Bureau is 383, at a cost per month of $35,050.32. It is thought that no further requisitions for funds need be made by this branch. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. R. RATIIBONE, Major and Asst. Adjt. Gen., in Charge Disbmrsing Branch. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, November 8, 1865. His Excellency CHARLES ANDERSON, Governor of Ohio, Columbus: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 27th ultimo relative to the muster out of Ohio regiments, and in which you refer to your letter of September 16 past, giving in full your views on the subject. The attention of the Secretary of War has this date been invited to 1)0th communications, and in reply I have the honor to inform you that your letter of the 16th of September was received during the absence of the Secretary and was not then considered by him, but referred to the General-in-Chief for his information and retained at his headquarters until receipt of your recent letter. No reply to it was sent you, but the views expressed, taken in connection with sim- ilar ones from authorities of other States, were duly considered, and no means have been spared to hasten the muster out of volunteer organizations as rapidly as their services could be dispensed with. Since the letter of September 16 many Ohio organizations have been discharged, and of the eighteen (seventeen regiments and one battery) yet reported as in service thirteen regiments are in Texas. Major-General Sheridan has recently ordered the discharge of some additional troops, and it is believed that some from your State will be e~nbraced, although the organizations selected have not yet been reported. All volunteer troops are being relieved in the field and mustered out as rapidly as the public interest will permit; but a Page 212 212 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. from necessity some organizations have to be retained longer than others, an order for the discharge of all at the same time cannot be given. The attention of the commanding general of the Department of the Missouri has been invited to the discharge of the Eleventh Ohio Cav- alry, specially referred to in your letter of the 27th ultimo. I have the honor to remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOMAS M. VINCENT, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAsHINGTON, November 6, 1865. Maj. Gen. G. G. MEADE, Commanding Military Division of the Atlantic: In view of the peaceful condition of the Sonth, I think now the number of interior posts held may be materially reduced in number, and where regular troops are used they can generally be one and two company posts. In this way you may be enabled to discharge from service most of the white volunteers still remaining within your command. I wish you would send one or more of your staff officers through the Southern States of the command with full instructions to desig- nate the posts to be held [and] the garrisons to be put in them. Let all surplus troops then be mustered out of service. Instruct your inspectors to see that all previous orders for the reduction of trans- portation and expenses in every way be carried out. Let them also report all public property which in their judgment may be removed or sold with advantage to the public service. Property is many times so scattered as to make a large force neces- sary for performing guard duty alone, where, but for the public prop- erty to be cared for, but few troops would be necessary. Let this subject receive attention also. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, November 8, 1866. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War: SIR: I have the honor to submit the annual report of operations of the Quartermasters Department during the fiscal year ending 30th of June, 1865: On the 1st of July, 1864, the balance of appropriation in the Treas uryundrawnwas $8,699,768.16 Appropriation for fiscal year ending 30th of June, 1865 199,250,000.00 Deficiency bill, March 2,1865 83,181,137.00 Appropriation for fiscal year ending 30th of June, 1866 168,500,000.00 Total 459,630,905.16 Requisitions on Treasury in fiscal year ending 30th of June, 1865 431, 706,057.44 Balance remaining 30th of June, 1865 - - 27,924,847.72 A financial statement in detail will be found in a table at the end of this report Page 213 UNION AUTHORiTIES. 213 This department is charged with the duty of providing means of transportation by land and water for all the troops and for all the material of war. It fnrnishes the horses for artillery and cavalry, and the horses and mules of the wagon trains; provides and snpplies tents, camp and garrison equipage, forage, lumber, and all materials for camps and for shelter of the troops. It builds barracks, hospi- tals, and store-houses; provides wagons and ambulances, harness, except for cavalry and artillery horses; builds or charters ships and steamers, docks, and wharves; constructs and repairs roads, railroads, and their bridges; clothes the Army, and is charged generally with the payment of all expenses attending military operations not assigned by law or regulation to some other department. While the Ordnance Department procures and issues arms and ammunition, and the Subsistence Department supplies provisions, and the Medical Department medical and hospital stores, the Quartermas- ters Department is called upon to transport the stores of all these departments from the depots to the camps, upon the march, and to the battle-field, where they are finally issued to the troops. These duties have been efficiently performed during the year. In the last, as in former years of the war, under the energetic and liberal administration of the War Department, the wants of the troops have been regularly supplied, their comfort, health, and efficiency have been amply and regularly provided for. The Army itself does justice to the wise and enlarged administration which has enabled it to move successfully in a field of warfare constantly widening. Atlanta, the key of the rebel defense, was secured after a campaign involving a line of operations of 300 miles in length, maintained for months through a hostile country so effectually as to enable an army of 90,000 men, with over 40,000 animals, to subsist not only while advancing, but, what is much more difficult, while laying siege for weeks to that advanced position. The enemys army, driven from Atlanta, but still formidable in numbers and in courage, threw itself upon this long line of oper- ationstwo slender rods of iron, crossing wide rivers, winding through mountain gorges, plunging under the mountain ranges, and everywhere exposed to the raids of an enterprising enemy, favored by the thick forests which bordered the railroad throughout nearly its whole extent. The guards of the posts upon the line of communication did their duty, and the Railroad Construction Corps of this department, thor- oughly organized, strong in numbers, in skill, and in discipline, repaired broken bridges and railroads. New engines from the work- shops of the North replaced those which torpedoes or broken rails threw from the track. Trains loaded with timber, with iron, with water and fuel for the engines, preceded the trains of subsistence and ammunition, and scarce was the communication broken before it was re-established. The conquering army followed the desperate garrison of Atlanta and drove him off the lines of communication. The railroad was worked night and day to its full capacity; supplies for a new cam- paign for an army of 90,000 men were poured into Atlanta. All surplus stores, all sick and all enfeebled men were sent by railroad to the rear, and the army of General Sherman, with its 3,000 wagons full loaded with every material of war, accompanied by droves of many thousand beef-cattle, re-enforced by the return of those who, disabled in the earlier events of the campaign, had been recruited in th Page 214 214 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. hospitals of Nashville, 300 miles to the rear, and forwarded by rail- road to resume their places in its ranks, marched out of Atlanta, blew up that depot, destroyed all the railroads which made that city of value in the war, and bent its steps toward the ocean. In no other country have railroads been brought to perform so important a part in the operations of war. Scarce in any other country could be found the workmen to perform the feats of construc- tion which have illustrated this campaign. At no time during the march from Chattanooga to Atlanta were the railroad trains five days behind the general commanding. The reconstruction of the bridges over the Etowah and the Chat- tahoochee are unparalleled feats of military construction. The Etowah bridge, 625 feet long, 75 feet high, was burned by the rebels, and was rebuilt by the labor of 600 men of the Construction Corps in six days. The Chattahoochee bridge, six miles from Atlanta, is 740 feet long and 90 feet high, and was built in four and a half days by 600 men of the Construction Corps. The army under General Sherman moved southeast from Atlanta; ii~ plunged into the forests and sands of Georgia and was lost to our view. The rebel army moved into Tennessee and advanced upon Nashville, to be dashed in pieces against the army of Major-General Thomas, and thus perished the last great army of the rebellion in the central South and West, east of the Mississippi. The rebel press reported defeats, disasters, repulses to the army, with which we had no communication. No anxiety as to their fate oppressed the minds of those who had in the War Department directed the measures and provisions for their equipment for this bold and decisive march. A bare possibility that, by the abandonment of all eastern positions, the rebel Army of Virginia might throw itself across Shermans path, induced the department to order supplies to Pensacola, to relieve any immediate wants should the army be obliged to move southward; but the great work of preparation to meet and refit this army upon the southeastern Atlantic Coast was at once com- menced and steadily prosecuted. While a few vessels went to Pen- sacola to await orders, a great fleet of transports was collected at Port Royal, laden with everything that experience indicated as neces- sary to repair the consumption and the losses of this adventurous march. Clothing, shoes, shelter tents, forage, provisions, spare parts of wagons, wagons complete, harness, leather, wax, thread, needles, and tools for all the trades which were plied on the march and in the camp were collected in the harbor of Hilton Head. All this was done in the dead of winter. Light-draft, frail river steamers trusted themselves, under daring Yankee captains and crews, to the storms of the stormiest coast of the world, and all arrived safely at their destination. And here let me pay a tribute to those gallant seamen of the merchant shipping of the Nation, who in war entered its transport fleet. No service has been so difficult or so tediousnone so dangerous as to discourage or to daunt them. No call for volunteers has ever failed to meet a ready response, whether to tempt the shoals and storms of a tempestuous coast, the hidden and mysterious dangers of the dark bayous of the South, strewn with torpedoes by the devilish ingenuity of deserters from our own military and naval service, or to run in frail river steam-boats the batteries of the Potomac, the James, and the Pamlico, or the still more formidable works of Vicksburg. Urged by the spirit of adve Page 215 UNiON AUTHORITIES. 215 ture, supported by the patriotism of freemen, they have always stood ready, and have cheerfully obeyed every order, incurred every risk. On the 13th of December Fort McAllister fell before the assault of General Shermans veterans. The transport fleet was ordered at once to the mouths of the Ogeechee and of the Savannah. The city of Savannah was carried within a few days, and a wrecking party, then employed upon the coast of Florida, with all the ingenious equipment which modern science has contrived for submarine operations, was towed by a steamer to the Savannah River and set to work to remove the formidable obstacles to its navigation. These for four years seemed to have employed all the ingenuity and mechanical skill of the people, who had torn up the pavements of their commercial streets to supply material to obstruct the channels of their harbor. In a few days a passage was cleared, and the steamers and vessels of the transport fleet discharged their cargoes at the long-disused and dilapidated wharves of Savannah, and sailed for the North richly freighted with captured cotton. On the 22d of January General Sherman again moved northward. A division of the Railroad Constru~tion Corps had been ordered from the Tennessee to the Savannah to meet him. It had crossed the Alle- ghanies in midwinter and was promptly at the rendezvous with men and officers and all tools, materials, and machinery for rebuilding the railroads of the coast. It was decided not to operate directly against Charleston, the great stronghold of the rebellion, which had for four years defied our ships and the forces we could spare for the siege. The wiser and more daring plan of marching inlaud, cutting off its means of supply, cap- turing the capital, and devastating the agricultural portion of the State, was pursued. Charleston soon fell and the Construction Corps was moved to More- head City, there to open up the railroad from the harbor of Beaufort, N. C., toward Kinston, at which point General Sherman, when I parted from him in Januaryhis army reclad, reshod, supplied, and ready to resume its marchtold me to look out for him next. His chief quartermaster, General Easton, who had accompanied the army in its march from Chattanooga to Savannah, remained on the coast, taking charge of the fleet loaded with supplies. The fleet and supplies were transferred to the harbor of Beaufort. Fort Fisher fell in January and the Cape Fear River was opened to our transports. The troops which had captured, with the aid of the navy, the defenses at the mouth of this river, re-enforced by the Twenty-third Army Corps, which in January was transferred from the Tennessee to the Atlantic, captured Wilmington and advanced toward Goldsborough. The two railroads, each ninety-five miles in length, from Wilmington and from Morehead City to Goldsborough, were repaired by the Con- struction Corps. They were stocked with cars and engines, and when the Right Wing of General Shermans army entered Goldsborough on the 22d of March it met supplies of provisions brought by the railroads from the transport fleet on the coast, and found Golds- borough occupied by a corps which on the 15th of January had been encamped on the banks of the Tennessee. Again was the army supplied with full equipment of clothing, shoes, and of all the various articles of necessity for itself and its trains, worn out in the long march from Savannah, and by the 10th of April, the appointed day, fully equipped, it moved against the enemy at Raleigh Page 216 216 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Upon the surrender of the rebel armies in Virginia and North Carolina the armies of General Sherman and of Lieutenant-General Grant marched for Washington, where they were reviewed by the President and Cabinet, after which they went into camp on the heights surrounding the capital, and the preparations for their transfer to other fields of operation and for their disbandment were made. While the coast was the scene of the efforts of the department to support and supply the army of General Sherman, the armies in front of Richmond also required a vast expenditure. These armies were stronger in numbers than General Shermans. Their equipment for march as well as for siege was constantly kept in the highest state of efficiency. The country in which they lay furnished no supplies, and food and forage and all stores were brought by rail and by sea from the North and Northwest. The shipments of forage alone to the armies on the James averaged over $1,000,000 per month throughout the winter. The tables at the end of this report give information as to the strength of the fleet and the magnitude of the operations involved in the supply from distant ports of an army over 100,000 in strength, with at times over 5,000 wagons to keep in repair and over 65,000 animals, horses, and mules to be fed. From the depots in the West, under the general direction of Bvt. Maj. Gen. Robert Allen, senior quartermaster in the Mississippi Valley, the wants of the armies on the Tennessee, the Cumberland, the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Arkansas, and the Gulf of Mexico were supplied. The Northwest was the store-house from which were drawn subsist- ence, forage, and all other material which, by steam-boats and rail- road trains, were distributed to the posts. Lists of steamers employed on the Atlantic, upon the Gulf, and upon the Western rivers are attached to this report. The transport fleet exceeded 1,000 vessels of every variety of con- struction, impelled by sail or steam. Details of this fleet and its cost will be found in another part of this report. Great movements of troops continued to be made. The army of General Thomas, having dispersed the rebel army in the campaign which culminated in the battle of Nashville, on the 15th and 16th of December, 1864, and the pursuit which followed it, was divided. The Twenty-third Corps, under General Schofield, 15,000 strong, was in January, as hereinafter detailed, transported to the coast of North Carolina to co-operate with General Sherman, expected at Kinston. The Sixteenth Corps, under General A. J. Smith, 17,000 strong, with artillery and baggage trains, was sent to New Orleans to co-operate with the troops then under General Canby in the reduction of Mobile. The cavalry, under Major-General Wilson, was refitted, remounted, equipped, and launched into the interior of Alabama to capture the principal interior cities of Alabama and Georgia. Selma, Montgomery, Columbus, and Macon fell before them. In all these movements the troops were kept well supplied with the necessary material. Horses, forage, food, and clothing were promptly delivered at the appointed rendezvous and depots, and steamers were ready on river and coast to move the troops and their supplies promptly. During the whole yearI believe I may say during the whole war no movement was delayed, no enterprise failed, for want of means of transportation or the supplies required from the Quartermasters Department Page 217 UNION AUTHORITIES. 217 The close of hostilities made even greater exertions on the part of this department necessary. Two hundred aiid thirty-three thousand men were distributed from Washington alone to their homes in the Northcarried to every hamlet and village, camps of discharge being established in every State, at which the regiments rendezvoused until paid off, when the men dispersed. Sixty thonsand men of the army of General Sherman were moved from Washington to Louisville, from which place, after a short time, they were pnt in motion for their homes and discharged. Twenty- five thousand men were moved from the Jaimmes River to the Rio Grande. Seven thousand were sent from the Potomac to Savannah. Sixty thousand prisoners of war, released, were sent to their homes in the Southern States. Regiments were brought from the Gulf and South Atlantic coasts and sent to their States to be discharged. Their places were in some cases supplied by the transfer to the South of the regiments which had longer to serve. A large force of cavalry was moved from the Potomac to the Arkansas and to the Western plains. The activity of the transportation branch of this department has never been greater than since the cessation of hostilities, its dnty embracing the transportation to their homes of the greater part of an army of a million men, the collection and transportation. to depots, for storage or for sale, of the animals aud stores surplus from the rapid reduction in the forces employed. Officers were sent to inspect the various depots and posts to report what stores should be sold and what preserved. Stringent orders were issued directing reductions in purchases, in lists of persons employed, ordering the sale of surplus material,the reduction of the strength of the trains, the sale of all surplus animals of the cavalry, artillery, and trains, and the discharge or sale of transports not needed for the returning troops. Reports in detail herewith contain such informna- tion as to these operations as can be collected at this time and embraced within the limits of this report. The examination, collation, and analysis of the records of this depart- ment are not complete. The material is abundant, and I propose, with your approbation, to establish a board of officers whose business it shall be to collect from the official reports full statistics of the vast operations which, during the last four years, have taxed the fullest energies of every officer of ability and experience in this department. The work has been accomplished, the record is in possession of the office, but the labors of execution have not left leisure for that exam- inatiom and comparison of the records which is necessary for a full statistical report of operations of this department during the four years of war. In the last annual report I had the honor to make nominal report of the officers who held the most important and responsible positions in this department during the previous year, and to call attention to their merits and their worth. Many of these officers have received the promotion which they have so well deserved, and which they so highly prize as the recognition by their Government of faithful serv- ice. I am grateful for the recognition of the service and success of the department under my control thus given to its officers. The general distribution of duties has not materially varied during the year. The officers had, in the course of three years of active serv- ice, generally found the positions in which their respective qualities made them of the greatest service to their country Page 218 218 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Bvt. Maj. Gen. Robert Allen continued to exercise the authority and control with which he had been invested as senior and supervis- ing quartermaster in the Valley of the Mississippi. His duties have remained the same as during the previous years. His annual report is herewith. Had it been more full in detail it would have given a better idea of the magnitude of his responsibilities, his labors, and his merits. There passed through his hands during the fiscal year $33, 933,646.45. Bvt. Maj. Gen. Rufus Ingalls continued in the field to control the service of the quartermasters department with the armies operating under Lieutenant-General Grant against Richmond. The admirable manner in which the duties of his post were per- formed is shown in the efficiency of the operations which supplied the troops during the long siege and the rapid marches which, after the enemy was driven from his works, resulted in the capture of his entire army. The disbursements have been (under his direction) $1,636,759.08, principally for wages of workmen. The supplies for this army were purchased under direction of this office and shipped to it from the depots at the North, as required. Bvt. Maj. Gen. D. H. Rucker has continued in charge of the great depot of Washington, the depot through which a great part of the supplies of the armies before Richmond and upon the Atlantic Coast passed. Here the animals and the clothing for these armies were col- lected. To this point their worn-out and disabled animals and equip- ment were returned for recuperation or repair, or to be disposed of and replaced. Upon this depot, after the fall of Richmond, 250,000 troops were concentrated, and here were made all the arrangements for their trans- portation to the West and North before their final dispersion. The expenditures of the year under his direction have been $8,822,065.33. Bvt. Maj. Gen. James L. Donaldson has continued in charge of the great base of supplies of the armies of Sherman and Thomas. He is now supervising quartermaster of the Military Division of the Tennessee, and is engaged in the supply of the troops still quartered in the South and in returning them as discharged to their homes, and in disposing of the vast accumulation of stores no longer needed sihce the cessation of hostilities and consequent reduction of the Army. He has controlled the expenditure of $24,821,005.79. Bvt. Brig. Gen. Thomas Swords, senior quartermaster in the De- partment of the Ohio, assisted by Colonel Moulton, has been in charge of the operations of the department at the important depot of Cin- cinnati, which has furnished nearly one-third of the clothing for the armies of the United States. He has received and distributed to other officers or disbursed during the year $17,402,501.95. Bvt. Brig. Gen. G. H. Crosman, who had been on duty in Philadel- phia from the 30th of August, 1861, to the 24th of August, 1864, in charge of the Philadelphia depot and the providing of clothing and equipage, was then temporarily relieved by Col. A. J. Perry, chief of the division of clothing and equipage. He has since been engaged in preparing a manual of the service of the Quartermasters Depart- ment, intended to fix the forms, sizes, and construction and qualities of the various articles of equipment which are supplied by the Quar- termasters Department, in order that the experience gained in all these details may not be lost, but may be at hand to instruct the officers of the department in future operations. The records an Page 219 UNION AUTHORITIES. 219 details of these models should be preserved. They have enabled our armies to make unexampled marches with less suffering, priva- tion, sickness, and loss than we find recorded in the history of the campaigns of other nations. His disbursements have been during the year $6,274,278.~5. Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. H. Vinton has continued at the head of the depot of clothing and equipage at New York. No officer has more thoroughly and efficiently pexformed his duty. He has received and expended *~34,637,511. 11. Bvt. Brig. Gen. L. C. Easton, chief quartermaster of the army of General Sherman, accompanied that army in its campaign from Chat- tanooga, and during the siege of Atlanta superintended its outfit for and accompanied its march to the sea. At Savannah he took charge of the transport fleet and of the stores sent to meet the army on the coast, conducted them to the coast of North Carolina, and sent for- ward the supplies which, by the 10th of April, enabled it again to march against the rebels at Raleigh. After the dispersion and reduc- tion of the army he was assigned to duty as chief quartermaster at the headquarters of the mnajor-general commanding the Military Division of the Mississippi, with his post at Saint Louis, where he exer- cises a general supervision and control. He has received and accounted for $981,822.27. Bvt. Brig. Gen. Charles Thomas, assistant quartermaster-general, has aided me in the management of the business of this office, hav- ing charge of the finances and accounts of the office. Bvt. Brig. Gen. William Myers, as chief assistant to General Robert Allen in the Mississippi Valley, has been in charge of the depot at Saint Louis. His responsibilities have been great and have been met to the satisfaction and approbation of his senior officers. Gen- eral Allen, in his report, speaks of him in the highest terms. He reports the receipt and expenditure or transfer of $49,871, 975.35. Bvt. Brig. Gen. Stewart Van Vliet has continued at New York in charge of the operations of the department at that important post. His disbursements and transfers during the year have reached the sum of $20,170,162.60. Col. C. W. Moulton has been, during a portion of the fiscal year, in charge of the clothing and equipage depot at Cincinnati. He reports the receipt and expenditure of $31,287,324.49. Bvt. Brig. Gen. George S. Dodge, chief quartermaster of the Army of the James, accompanied the naval and military expedition which reduced Fort Fisher, on the coast of North Carolina. He displayed great energy and skill in disembarking upon an open coast men and material for the siege and assault of that formidable work, and was specially rewarded by brevet promotion for signal services on that occasion. He has since been actively employed in extensive inspec- tions, both North and South, which have been most efficiently per- formed and have aided this department in enforcing great reductions of expenditure. He is a most deserving officer. Col. William W. MeKim, for some time in charge of the depot of Cincinnati5 has been in charge of the depot at Philadelphia, including the operations of the great depot of clothing and equipage at the Schuylkill Arsenal, since the 15th of February last. He is a most efficient and deserving officer. He reports an expenditure during the year of $24,986,188.16. The depot of Baltimore has been in charge of Col R. M. Newport since the 24th of September, 1864. In the earlier part of the fiscal yea Page 220 220 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. it was under charge of Maj. C. XV. Thomas, Quartermasters Depart- ment. Colonel Newports expenditures and transfers are reported a~ $8,167,971.73. Col. S. B. Holabird has continued on duty at New Orleans, where his long experience and his business capacity have made his service most valuable. He accompanied the army of General Banks to Loui- siana when that officer first assumed command in the Southwest, and has always been zealous and successful in the discharge of the heavy duties which have been imposed upon him. His receipts, transfers, and expenditures during the year were $15,290,396.67. Col. C. G. Sawtelle, as chief quartermaster of the command, first of General Canby, and lately of the troops and military division under Major-General Sheridan, has rendered most valuable service. As chief quartermaster of General Canbys army, he directed the oper- ations of the quartermasters department in the movements against Mobile. After the fall of Mobile, and the assignment of Major-Gen- eral Sheridan to command in the Southwest, he was attached to his staff as chief quartermaster of the military division, and forwarded the army which was sent from New Orleans to Texas, including the later movements of the Twenty-fifth Army Corps, which, embarking on the James, rendezvoused on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, before proceeding to Texas. He reports the receipt, trans- fer, and expenditure during the fiscal year of $684,857.45. The principal disbursements in the command to which he is attached have been made by officers at depots. The limits of this report will not permit me to notice here all the officers of the department who have held important positions during the extended operations of the last year of this most active and event- ful war. I mention the names merely of some of the officers whose merits have promoted them to most important positions. Lists of officers of the Quartermasters Department who have served as chief quartermasters of armies, of great territorial divisions, and in charge of important depots, and of those who have been specially noted in the records received at this office for good seivice, are attached to this report. The officers who have been my personal assistants in charge of the several divisions of this office are noticed in referring to the branches of the service in which they have had special control. N HORSES AND MULES. The purchase and supply of the animals of the Army pertains to the First Division of this office, of which Bvt. Brig. Gen. James A. Ekin, of the Quartermasters Department, has charge. He reports: Purchases of cavalry horses during the year ending June 30, 1865 141,632 Total from January 1, 1864, to May 9,1865, at which time purchases ceased 193,388 Of artillery horses, from September 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865, purchases having ceased May9 20,714 Of mules, from July 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865, purchases having ceased May9 58,818 The earlier purchases of horses delivered in Washington at the beginiiing of the war were at $125. Subsequently, for a time, horses were delivered here as low as $100. The price gradually advanced until the close of the war. The prices of cavalry horses during the last fiscal year have varied from $144to$185 Of artillery horses 161 to 185 Of mules 170 to 19 Page 221 UNION AUTHORITIES. 221 There have been sold at the depots since January 1, 1864, of cavalry horses 40,070 There have died at these depots 38,277 Artillery horses reported as having died at the depots, September 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865 434 Mules sold September 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865 13,479 Died in depots in same time 7,336 The deaths reported occurred at depots principally among animals sent in from the field as broken dewn and unserviceable. - The destruction in the field was greater, probably nearly equaling the number supplied by purchase and capture, as neither the trains nor the cavalry of the armies have been materially increased during the last year of the war, and the purchases have been almost entirely to supply losses. The issues of cavalry horses to the Army of the Shenandoah, actively engaged under Major-General Sheridan, have been at the rate of three remounts per annum. The service of a cavalry horse under an enterprising commander has therefore averaged only four months. Of the animals which are sent to the depots for rechperation about 60 per cent. recovered, and, becoming serviceable, have again been issued. SALES. There h~.ve been sold, so far as reported, to October 17, and since May 8, 1865, and in accordance with General Orders, No. 28, of the Quartermaster-Generals Office, dated May 8, 1865, 53,794 horses and 52,516 mules, for the sum of $6,107,618.14. It is probable that when the full returns are received the total amount of sales from May 8 to October 17 will prove to exceed $7,000,000. With few exceptions these sales have been made by persons employed at fixed daily rates by the Quartermasters Department. In a few cases officers who have failed to receive the general order of the Quartermaster-General prescribing this mode of sale have employed local auctioneers- at various rates of compensation. The results in most cases have been less satisfactory than when the sales have been made in the first mode, and such sales have given rise to some com- plaints of excessive fees. All the officers of the department now, it is believed, have received General Orders, No. 42, Quartermaster-Gen- erals Office, 1865, and understand their duty in this respect. General Ekin names the officers who have acted under his orders in the business of providing and disposing of animals of the Army, and bears testimony to their good service, for which I respectfully refer to his report, herewith. He reports the expenditures of the fiscal year as follows: On hand July 1, 1864, and received during the fiscal year $8,501,078.84 Expended $3,719,070.13 Transferred to officers 4,295,963.72 8,015,033.85 Remaining to his credit June 30,1865 __ 486 044.99 Estimates of quartermasters for purchase of horses, submitted to and approved by him during the year: Forhorses 23,600,456.66 Formules 6434637.66 Total 30,035,094.3 Page 222 222 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. CLAIMS FOR ANIMALS. Under the law of July 4, 1864, 4,174 claims for animals have been filed in the First Division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office; of these 2,792 have been acted on, leaving 1,382 not acted on. This business is increasing rapidly. General Ekin states, succinctly, some of the difficulties attending just decisions upon these claims. Generally when the animals have been taken by officers of this department, reference to the official records shows that they have been properly reported and accounted for. But when officers papers have been captured by the enemy or destroyed, and where the seizure has been made by officers not of the Quartermasters Department, as many of the officers have been dis- charged from the service, it is difficult to communicate with them by letter, and to ascertain whether the signatures and memorandum receipts offered in evidence are true or forged. To arrive at certain conclusions upon evidence entirely ex parte, and without cross-exam- ination, is impossible, and this department will be unable to arrive at that conviction necessary to enable it to report many claims, some of them no doubt just, without some further action. It may, after a time, become expedient to create boards of officers to visit the locali- ties in which most of these claims originate, and there take testimony as to the facts, the truth of the documentary evidence presented, and especially as to the loyalty of the claimants and witnesses. Judging from the papers presented with these claims, there are few persons unable to present certificates of loyalty. Copies of the more important orders regulating the mode of pur- chasing and disposing of public animals accompany this report. They are the result of ~he experience gained during a great war, in which the consumption of horses and mules has been very large. The specifications have been amended from time to time as experience has shown defects. Under the system which these orders and regulations set forth the Army has been well supplied with animals adapted to the military service. The order, regularity, and abundance of supply, the cor- rectness and clearness of the record of this branch of the service, since the organization of the First Division of this office, are most creditable to Bvt. Brig. Gen. James A. Ekin, who has been at its head. CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE. The clothing and equipage of the Army are provided by contract, by purchase, and by manufacture at the several principal depots, which during the fiscal year have been: New York depot, under charge of Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. H. Vinton, Quartermasters Department. Philadelphia depot, under charge, successively, of Bvt. Brig. Gen. G. H. Crosman, Col. A. J. Perry, Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen. H. Biggs, and Col. W. W. McKim, who is still in charge. Cincinnati depot, under charge of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Thomas Swords, Col. C. W. Moulton, Col. W. W. McKim, who, on his transfer to Phil- adelphia, was relieved by Col. C. W. Moulton. Saint Louis depot, under charge of Bvt. Brig. Gen. William Myers, Quartermasters Department. There are several branch depots established at points at which the war had collected many destitute women, either of the families of ref Page 223 UNION AUTHOR[TIES. 223 gees or of soldiers, whom employment in making np army clothing relieved from dependence upon public charity. These depots were supplied with material from the three principal depots of New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati, and their oper- ations were confined to the making up of such material into garments. Such depots are established at Quincy, Ill., and Steubenville, Ohio. The quality of the clothing and equipment furnished to the Army has been excellent; very few complaints of inferior quality have been made, considering the immense quantity of material which has been issued to the troops. The marches made from Atlanta to Savannah, and from Savannah to Goldsborough, by armies which during their marches had no opportunity to replace articles of equipment worn out, are evidence of the good quality of the shoes and clothing with which the Army is supplied. Of the principal articles of clothing and equipage the following quantities have been purchased and manufactured at the three prin- cipal depots during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865: Uniform coats 311, 597 Uniform jackets 410,667 Uniform trousers 3,463, 858 Drawers 3,708,393 Shirts, flannel - 3,268,166 (ireatcoats 873,289 Blankets: Woolen 1,746,034 Waterproof 625,624 Canteens 1,163,347 Hospital tents 10,265 Wall-tents 8,412 Wedge or common tents 1,412 Sheltertents 698,187 Bedsacks 19,610 Regimental colors 1,321 Camp colors 4,167 Nationalcolors~ 760 Flags 4,185 Blouses Shoes pairs~ Boots do~ Stockings~ Hats Caps Knapsacks Haversacks Guidons Picks~~ Axes Spades and shovels Hatchets Mess-pans Camp-kettles Bugles Drums Fifes The stock on hand ready for issue on the 30th of June, 1865, but not transferred to the armies for issue, was: Uniform coats 462,105 Uniform jackets 504,811 Uniform trousers 1,185,234 Drawers 1,166,541 Shirts, flannel 1,542,294 Greatcoats 929,725 Blankets: Woolen 1,009,106 Waterproof 384,975 Blouses 1,410,059 Shoes pa1rs~ 1,582,156 Boots do~ 435,032 Stockings do~ 1,803,719 Hats 397,595 Caps 926,922 Axes 90,548 Spades and shovels 152,523 Hatchets 111,247 Mess-pans 364,086 Camp-kettles Knapsacks Haversacks Canteens Hospitaltents - Wall-tents Wedge or common tents - -- Sheltertents - Bedsacks Regimental colors Camp colors National colors Flags - -- Guidons Picks Bugles Trumpets - Drums Fifes 106,417 868,578 522,621 845,209 6,121 15,672 53,902 791,254 167,037 789 7,270 609 7,697 2,039 103,228 3,893 3,869 5,865 11,747 For further details of the supply of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, during the fiscal year, and during the whole war, I respect- fully refer to the tables accompanying this report. They give infor- mation as to tire quantities of the various materials purchased, as well 2,617,374 1,688,017 959,543 5,684,572 442,832 1,151,948 958,287 1,066,647 1,293 42,446 108,196 150,931 88,054 169,296 73,895 3,795 16,330 1,40 Page 224 224 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. as of the articles manufactured therefrom, or purchased ready made, in a compact form and with greater precision than is possible in this narrative. There have been purchased during the fiscal year Cloth and other materials to the value of $21,416,858.84 Clothing 70,087,282.20 Equipage 13,515,301.09 The expenditure for all objects relating to clothing and equipage, including payment of rents, compensation to workmen, clerks, and others, at the principal depots, has been during the year end ing June 30, 1865 105,019,406. 13 Two of the tables herewith give approximately the quantities of material and of ready-made articles of clothing and equipage, which the three principal depots have supplied during the war. At the commencement of the war the department had but one depot for the supply of clothing and equipage, the Schuylkill Arsenal, at Philadelphia. This was organized for the equipment of an army of 13,000 men. The material was purchased by contract from mann- factories, and the clothing, shoes, & c., were made up. at the arsenal. The sudden increase of the Army made it necessary to greatly enlarge the operations of this depot and to establish new ones, and also to accept the aid of State authorities in providing the clothing of the numerous regiments of volunteers organizing in every district in the country. Eight thousand or 10,000 work-people were employed in Philadelphia in the manufacture of clothing and equipage. The new depots established at New York and Cincinnati went into operation early in 1862, under energetic and able officers. Contracts were made for the supply of clothing ready made. The manufacturers of the loyal States were urged to turn their machinery upon army goods. The clothing merchants who had before the war supplied the South- ern markets made contracts with the department for the supply of army clothing, and in a few months the industry and manufacturing power of the country were turned into the new channel, and the diffi- culties at first experienced in procuring a sufficient supply for the immense army which sprang into being ceased. The only domestic branch of manufacture which has not shown capacity to supply the Army is that of blankets. The department has been obliged throughout the war to use a considerable proportion of army blankets of foreign manufacture. The condition of the property stored at the Schuylkill Arsenal at Philadelphia is a source of apprehension. About $20,000,000 of prop- erty are in store there, and it is recommended that alterations and additions be made in the buildings, or within the walls, to enable the department to remove much valuable property now stored in tempo- rary sheds and exposed to danger from fire into proper fireproof buildings. The prices of clothing and equipage have constantly advanced dur- ing the war. A table of the lowest and highest prices paid accom- panies this report. It will be seen that toward the termination of the war the prices of many important articles had more than doubled; of some articles the price has quadrupled. The Second Division of this office has charge of the provision and distribution of clothing and equipage. It has been under the charge of Col. A. J. Perry, of the Quartermasters Department, who has in this office had charge of this branch of its business since the com- mencement of the war. He is an officer of rare merit, and I have take Page 225 UNION AUTHOR[TIES. 225 occasion heretofore to ask that he receive promotion as a testimony that his services have been recognized and appreciated by his country as they are by the chief of this department. Although in the active operations of the past four years, and espe- cially during the unprecedented movements of the last year, very heavy demands have been made upon this branch of the department, it has been able to place the material needed at the right places and at the right moment. During the last year large armies have changed their bases. The army of General Sherman from the Tennessee and Ohio to the Atlan- tic Coast at Savannah; then again to the harbor of Beaufort, N. C., several hundred miles distant. Yet at each of these new bases this army, from 70,000 to 100,000 strong, found the supplies for a complete new outfit ready for issue. Most of the clothing and equipage for this purpose was sent from New York. Details of the operation are found elsewhere in this report. So armies of 15,000 to 25,000 men have been during the past year suddenly moved from the Tennessee to the Atlantic; from the Ten- nessee to the Gulf Coast; from the James to the Rio Grande; but from none of these new fields and bases of operation, in the midst of these sudden and gigantic movements, has the complaint been made of suffering for want of any of the supplies which it is the duty of this department to provide or to transport. OCEAN TRANSPORTATION. Col. George D. Wise, in charge of the Third Division of this office, reports that during the first month of the fiscal year the office work of the divisionthat of ocean and lake transportationwas emnbar- rassed by the absence of most of the clerks and officers, who were called to active service in the field during the demonstration and attack on the capital by the rebel army under Early and Breckinridge. During this time, however, the necessary steamer transportation was assemiibled at City Point and moved to Washington and Baltimore the Sixth Army Corps in time to meet the advancing enemy at the battles of the Monocacy and the attack on Washington. The Nineteenth Army Corps was also brought from the Chesapeake, where it was arriving by sea from New Orleans, and reached Washington in time to take part in the operations for its defense and in the pursuit of the baffled enemy. During the month of Jnly, also, the army of Major-General Canby was moved by sea from New Orleans to Mobile Bay, co-operating with the navy in the reduction of the fortifications at its entrance. From August to Decemnber no great movements of troops by sea were made, but a large fleet was constantly employed in supplying the armies before Richmond and the troops at the various stations along the coast from the Chesapeake to New Orleans. In the inclement month of December the approach of General Sher- man~ s army to the coast required a large fleet to be employed in readi ness to supply and refit that army after its long march from Atlanta. Transports were dispatched to Pemisacola with supplies to await the arrival of the troops, should unexpected opposition comnpel General Sherman to change his course to the south. The greater part of the stores intended for his use, however, were sent direct to Port Royal Harbor, there to await his arrival at some point on the coast of the Carolinas or Georgia. 15 R RSERIE5 III, VOL Page 226 226 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. When he appeared in rear of Savannah, and capturing Fort McAl- lister by a coup de maim, communicated with the naval squadron, the transports were sent round to the months of the Ogeechee and Savan- nah Rivers, and light-draft steamers, fitted for river and bay service, which had been dispatched upon the first news of his approach, arrived in time to transfer to the river landings the clothing, camp and garrison equipage, quartermasters stores, and forage and pro- visions which had been of necessity sent in seagoing vessels, both sail and steam, and which were of too heavy draft to enter the Ogee- chee or pass through the opening first made in the artificial obstruc- tions of the Savannah. The army was quickly reclothed, reshod, and refitted; its wagons filled with rations and forag& . A large portion of the army was transferred by steamers from the Savannah to Beaufort, S. C., or Port Royal Harbor, at which place the vessels of heavy draft could laud their stores without the labor of transshipment. After a short and much-needed rest, the army, re-equipped, left the coast, and the traiisports and fleet of hght-draft steamers repaired to the harbor of Morehead City, where they awaited the arrival of the troops, who, after a march of 500 miles through a hostile country, without communication with their base of supplies, depending solely npon the stores in their wagons and the resources of the enemys country for their subsistence, were certain to arrive in a condition to require an entire renewal of their clothing and shoes and a new supply of provisions. When I parted with General Sherman at Savannah on the 19th of January he told me to look out for him at Kinston, and also to be prepared for him lower down the coast should the rebel Army of Vir- ginia, abandoning Richmond, unite with the troops in the Carolinas and succeed in preventing his passage of the Santee. During the month of December, also, an expedition was embarked at City Point and Fortress Monroe, which made an unsuccessful attempt, in co-operation with the navy, upon Fort Fisher, at the mouth of Cape Fear River. The troops failing to attack were re-embarked and returned to Hampton Roads. The transportation by sea, the landing and return, were successfully performed. In January the expedition was re-embarked with a larger force and successfully landed above Fort Fisher, which place, with the aid of a naval bombardment unexampled in severity, they carried by assault. The troops of the Twenty-third Army Corps, under General Scho- field, having borne their part in the campaign in Georgia and Tennes- see after the battle of Nashville, which took place on the 15th and 16th of December, and the termination of the pursuit of the rebel army on the Tennessee, were moved by rail and river to Washington and Baltimore, where, amid many difficulties from time severity of the season, ice entirely suspending for a time the navigation of the Poto- mac, they were embarked on ocean steamers and dispatched to the Cape Fear River and to Beaufort, N. C., to move, in co-operation with the victors of Fort Fisher, upon Wilmington and Kinston, N. C. In anticipation of the arrival of General Shermans army, I had ordered to Savannah a portion of the Military Railroad Construction Corps. Two divisions of the corps, as organized, with tools and mate- rials and officers, were brought from Nashville to Baltimore by rail- road. At Baltimore they were re-enforced and embarked on ocean steamers and were promptly at the rendezvous Page 227 UNION AUTHORITIES. 227 As the army moved, however, without depending upon railroad communication., destroying instead of repairing railroads in its march, the Construction Corps was transferred to Wilmington and Beaufort Harbor, and the railroads which, starting from Wilmington and Morehead City, meet at Goldsborough were repaired and stocked with engines and cars, either captured or sent from the North. Two hundred miles of railroad were thus repaired and stocked under the protection of the troops of Generals Schofield and Terry; and when, after the battle of Bentonville, the Right Wing of General Shermans army, under Howard, marched into Goldsborough, on the 22d of March, ragged from their struggles with the thickets and swamps, and blackened by the smoke of the burning forests of Caro- lina, they met these railroad trains from the Atlantic loaded with three days rations for their immediate wants. I met General Sher- man at Morehead City on the 25th of March, when he advised me that he desired to move again on the 10th of April. This army of nearly 100,000 men needed to be entirely reclad and reshod; the troops were to be fed while resting, for as soon as the army ceased its march it ceased to supply itself by foraging, and depended upon the supplies from the coast. Nevertheless, on the 7th of April I was able to inform General Sherman that the necessary supplies were in his camps. Every soldier had received a complete outfit of clothing and had been newly shod. The wagons were loaded with rations and forage, and each of the 3,000 wagons, whose canvas covers had been torn on the march from Chattanooga, was supplied with a new cover. The army moved on the appointed day against the enemy, interposing between it and the Army of the Potomac, then holding the principal rebel army fast behind the lines of Richmond. A tug-boat of this department, under the command of Captain Ainsworth, had reached Fayetteville by the Cape Fear River on the 12th of March, and first bore greeting to the Army of the West from their comrades whom they had left on the banks of the Tennessee, and who, joined with others of the Army of the Potomac, were then forcing a communication with them from the new base which they sought on the Atlantic Coast. The demands upon the department at this time compelled it to take into its service not only the fleet which it had gradually acquired by purchase, but nearly every new steaiu vessel that had been built in the United States to navigate the ocean. A fleet of powerful propellers, vessels of 900 to 1,100 tons, swift and staunch, burning twelve to sixteen tons of coal per day, with a speed of eight to ten knots, had been created during the war, and nearly the whole of them were at this time in the service of the department. Large sailing ships were also employed, loaded with forage and sub- sistence, and compelled to anchor on the ex~posed coast of Carolina, where they rode out the winter storms. A large quantity of railroad engines and cars were shipped to Beaufort Harbor for the railroads in North Carolina, most of which were on the termination of hostilities sent to the James River to be sold. To aid in the rapid supply of General Sherman while at Golds- borough and relieve the railroad, and also to enable the department to supply him at Winton by the shallow waters of North Carolina in his northern march, a large number of canal-boats and barges wa Page 228 228 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. sent to New Berne. Some of them were used in the Trent River carry- ing supplies to Kinston bridge, but the greater part of them were released from service by the surrender of the rebel armies and have been returned to the Chesapeake and to their owners or sold. In all the active movements by sea during the fiscal year, employ- ing a fleet in which nearly all the seagoing steamers of the country have been employed, but three vessels have been lost while in the service of this department. The North America, a chartered side-wheel steamer of the first class, perfectly new, went down in a gale off Cape Hatteras, the Gen- eral Lyon was burned, and the Admiral Du Pont was run down at sea. After the surrender of the rebel armies orders were given to dis- charge all the chartered steamers and to sell those which were the property of the department as fast as they could be spared. Very heavy movements, however, ordered before much progress in the reduction was made, have delayed the discharge and sale of some of the transports. In May the Twenty-fifth Army Corps was ordered from City Point to Texas. The corps numbered about 25,000 men, with artillery and baggage. Its guns, ambulances, wagons, and harness, subsistence and ammunition, went with it. About 2,000 horses, and mules also accompanied it. The greater part of its artillery, cavalry, and team horses were left behind. This movement required a fleet of fifty-seven ocean steamers, one of which made two voyages. The entire tonnage of the fleet was 56,987 tons. The vessels were all provided for a twelve-days voyage, consuming 947 tons of coal and 50,000 gallons of water daily. The daily expense of this fleet amounted to $33,311. The vessels were fitted with bunks for the troops, and with stalls for 2,139 horses and mules, which formed part of the expedition. The vessels were all rigidly inspected before sailing, and all reached their destination in safety. No accident to any of them has been reported. A list of the vessels accompanies this report. While this expedition of 25,000 troops was afloat another, of 7,000 troops, was sent by sea from Washington to Savannah, and 3,000 rebel prisoners were sent from Point Lookout, on the Chesapeake, to Mobile. Besides this large numbers of convalescent and discharged men were then returning from the Southern ports, and recruits were forwarded to the regimuents on the coast. There were, therefore, more than 30,000 troops and prisoners afloat upon the ocean in steam transports at the same time. The last annual report of this department gives information as to the army transport fleet owned and employed on the 15th of October, 1864. This list omitted to give the names of the Western river steamers, of which the department then owned a large number. There were in the employment of the department of ocean and lake transportation, in the spring of 1865, owned by the department steamers, 106; steam-tugs, 29; sailing vessels, 15; barges, 21; total, 171 vessels, with a tonnage of 49,358 tons. The department also had under charter at that timesteamers, 275; tugs, 91; sailing vessels, 75~ baro~e ; a 101 lAO tons. b s, 171 with tonnage of ~ Total number of vessels employed, 783; tonnage, 240,507 tons. Average daily expense of this fleet, $97, 500. On the 1st of July, 1865, the fleet owned co~isisted ofsteamers, 115; tugs, 23; sail-vessels, 12; barges, 20; tonnage, 55,496 tons Page 229 UNION AUTHORITIES. 229 The chartered fleet consisted ofsteamers, 177; tugs, 69; sail- vessels, 74; barges, 100; tonnage, 138,440 tons. Total number of vessels, 590; tonnage, 193,936 tons; daily cost, $82,400. During the fiscal year the average size of the transport fleet was S o o Z H Steamers 351 171,081 Steam-tugs 111 13, 262 89 17, 738 Barges 168 22,903 Total 719 224, 984 Its average daily cost was $92,414. The report of Colonel Wise, who is in charge of this branch of the Quarterinaster-Generaps Office, contains some important observations npon the construction and management of steam ocean transports. At the beginning of the war the department was imposed upon. Officers and agents had little experience, and inferior vessels were sometimes chartered, and excessive prices were paid for steamers chartered from the regular trade, not then entirely and hopelessly broken up by the war. Stringent measures of reform were adopted; a scale of prices for the different classes of vessels was fixed by the order of the Quarter- master-General. The examination and audit of all accounts for charter of vessels was brought to this office. All charters contained provisions to enable the United States to purchase the vessels at a reasonable price, provided that should prove advantageous, and system, order, and regularity were introduced into the service. This branch of the service, on the reorganization of this office under the law of the 4th of July, 1864, was assigned to the Third Division of the office, under the direction of Col. G. D. Wise. The safety, efficiency, dispatch, and punctuality with which its affairs have been conducted do him high honor. At one time 40,000 men have been afloat. The fleet has averaged 719 vessels of all classes, with a burden of 225,000 tons. But three vessels have been lost during the year, though the greatest and most important movements were made during the inclement months of the winterfroni January to May. Very full tables which accompany this report give details in refer- ence to the transport fleet and the operations of the department upon the ocean and upon the waters of the coast. RAIL AND RIVER TRANSPORTATION. The service of transportation upon tIme Western rivers has been under the direction of the Fourth Division of this office. Col. L. B. Parsons, who had been placed in charge of the Western river transportation in 1863, just before the preparations for the cam- paign of Atlanta commenced, was upon the organization of the division of rail and river transportation in this office called to its head. He has conducted the service with great effl~iency and econ- omy. Of some of the more important movements his report give Page 230 230 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. details. When he took charge of this service the Mississippi had been opened and the merchants of the West were in condition to establish lines of steamers to all parts of its navigable waters. The system of time-charter of steamers was as fast as possible abandoned, and contracts were made on public advertisement with the lowest responsible bidders to move the stores of the department at fixed rates per pound. The rapid accumulation at Nashville and at other points of supplies, which enabled General Sherman to move success- fully into Georgia, have been detailed in the last annual report of this office. WESTERN RIVER TRANSPORTATION. In the course of the war a considerable fleet of river steamers and other vessels had become the property of the departiuent upon -the Mississippi and its tributaries, by purchase, by construction, or by capture. A list of the steamers accompanies the report. It contains the names of Side-wheelsteamers 34 Stern-wheel steamers 37 Center-wheel steamers 3 Ferry-boats 1 Screw-tugs 16 Totalsteam-boats 91 Of other vessels the department owned upon those rivers Steam-boathulls Model barges Gunwale barges 226 Small wood barges 26 Box barges 3 Barges notelassified 23 Total barges 352 Wharf-boats 18 Canal-boats 3 Coal-boats 60 Yawl-boats 56 Sail-boats 1 Metallic boats 1 Total boats 139 Skiffs 9 Sectional docks 3 Smallflats 2 Floatingdocks 1 Totalboats andbarges of all kinds 599 Nearly all of these have been advertised for sale. Those which have been constructed or purchased by the department have been or will be sold. Those which have been captured or seized will be turned over to the Treasury Department, to be disposed of under the law, or will be returned to their original owners, if pardoned, and, if so ordered, upon full consideration of their claims. RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. The agreement made early in the war with a convention of railroad coiupanies has continued in force through all the changes in values which the war has brought. The railroad officers have responded t Page 231 UNION AUTHORITIES. 231 every demand of the transportation department of the Government, and by their cordial co-operation with the officers of the Quartermas- ters Department have made these great movements of troops easy of execution and unexampled in dispatch. rro Brig. Gen. L. B. Parsons, who has been in charge of the Fourth Division of this office, and to Bvt. Col. Alexander Bliss, his assistant, and frequently, in his absence, in charge of the office, and the officers at the various posts and depots, charged with the duty of transporta- tion, great credit is due for the safety, order, and speed with which this immense business has been conducted. There have been filed in the office of the Fourth Division since its organization 442 claims, amounting to $268,545.02; 202 have been allowed, amounting to $68, 712.34; 92 have been referred to the Third Auditor or to disbursing officers for examination and settlement, amounting to 87,462.30; 99 have been rejected, amounting to $60,138.34; 48 await action, amounting to $16,891.04; 1 has been withdrawn, amounting to $5, 341. From the imperfect reports yet received at the office of the Fourth Division the number of passages granted to prisoners and refugees who have been transported by the division during the fiscal year is 356,541, costing over $1,300,000. General Schofields movement from Clifton, on the Tennessee, by the Tennessee River, the Ohio, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, to the Potomac, and thence to the coast of North Carolina, was accom- plished in the midst of a very severe winter, during which the navi- gation of the Ohio and the Potomac was at times interrupted by ice. Within five days after the movement was decided on in Washington the troops upon the Tennessee, nearly 1,400 miles distant, were embarking. The movement to Washington occupied an average time of only eleven days. It took place during the month of January. The special report of Colonel Parsons, of the Quartermasters Depart- ment, who was dispatched by the War Department to attend to it personally, accomnpammies this report; it is an interesting detail of the difficulties overcome, and of the success with which they were surmounted. On the conclusion of the campaign in Tennessee, while the Twenty- third Corps, under General Schofield, was ordered across the Allegha- nies, by Washington, to the coast of North Carolina, to co-operate with General Sherman, the Sixteenth Corps, under Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith, was ordered to New Orleans to co-operate with General Camiby in the reduction of Mobile. A fleet of forty steamers was promptly assembled at Eastport, on the Tennessee, below the Muscle Shoals. The entire command, including a brigade of artillery and the Seventh Division of the Cavalry Corps, was embarked on the fleet. It consisted of 17,314 men, 1,038 horses, 2,371 mules, 351 wagons, 83 ambulances. The embarkation began on the 5th of February, 1865, and was com- pleted on the 8th. The fleet sailed on the 9th, and the command arrived at New Orleans on the 23d, having been moved in thirteen days 1,330 miles. DISPERSION OF THE ARMIES CONCENTRATED AT WASHINGTON. The armies of the West and of the Potomac, after the fall of Rich- mond and the surrender of the eastern rebel armies, marched through Washington, were reviewed by the President and Cabinet, and encamping upon the heights surrounding the capital, prepared for their final dispersion and disbandment Page 232 232 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. During the forty days between the 27th of May and the 6th of July 233,200 men, 12,838 horses, and 4,300,850 pounds of baggage were moved from Washington by the Washington Branch Railroad to the Relay House, where a large portion of them turned westward. The remainder passed through Baltimore, dividing at that city into two streams, one of which moved north through Harrisburg, the other northeast through Philadelphia. The general instructions of the Quartermaster-General, preparing for this movement, will be found among the papers attached to this report. They designate the routes and prescribe certain precautions and preparations for the comfort and safety of the troops moving by rail. Of the troops there were returning home for discharge from service 161,403 men, with 4,630 horses, and 1,828,450 pounds baggage, dis- tributed as follows: To the Northeastern States, 28,803 men, 1,307 horses, 287,000 pounds baggage. To the Middle States, 100,309 men, 2,323 horses, 907,000 pounds baggage. To the Western States, 32,291 men, 1,000 horses, 634,450 pounds baggage. The Army of the Tennessee, ordered to move to Louisville, from which place they were, in a few weeks, sent to their homes for dis- charge from service, 60,904 men, 2,657 horses, 2,424,000 pounds baggage. Cavalry ordered West for active service, 10,893 men, 5,757 horses, ~308,000 pounds baggage. Total number in forty days, over the Washington Branch Railroad and the various railroads diverging from the Relay House and from Baltimore, 233,200 men, 12,838 horses, and 4,300,850 pounds baggage. The Army of the Tennessee, the troops ordered West for active service, and a portion of those ordered to their Western homes for discharge, passed over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Parkers- burg, its western terminus, on the Ohio River, where boats were pro- vided for their march to Louisville, Lawrenceburg, Camp Dennison, and Cincinnati. Between May 27 and July 6, within forty days, dur- ing twelve of which no troops arrived at Parkersburg from Washing- ton, there were moved from that place: To Men. Horses. Louisville 78, 450 5, 855 Saint Louis 7, 082 3, 314 Lawrenceburg. md 8, 424 153 Camp Dennison, Ohio 3,479 29 Cincinnati 1, 361 545 Total 96, 796 9, 896 In this movement by water ninety-two steam-boats were employed an average of seventeen days and a fraction for each boat, at an aver- age compensation of $175 per day each. Each boat consumed on an average 200 bushels of coal per day. The total service of all the boats was 1,601 days, costing for charter $280,175, and consuming 320,200 bushels of bituminous coal, $48,030. Total cost of transportation from Parkersburg by water to various points on the Ohio and to Saint Louis of 96,796 ffien and 9,896 horses, $328,205 Page 233 UNION AUTHORITIES. 233 The same movement if performed by railroad, at the reduced rates at which the railroads serve the Government, would have cost $746,964. Thus 96,000 men and 10,000 horses were, in the short space of forty days, moved from Washington, on the Potomac, across the Alleghanies and, descending the Ohio and ascending the Mississippi, were placed in the several positions to which they had been ordered. During these same forty days 233,000 men in all were moved by railroad from Washington, 96,000 of them to the posts above named; the others were distributed to every hamlet and village of the States north of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers, and restored to their homes, the labor of war over, to return to the pursuits of peaceful industry which they had left at the call of their country in her hour of need. In all these movements there have been few accidents, and the safety and economy of the service are not less noticeable than its speed. Had the armies marched to their several places of destination the pay of the men, the subsistence of men and animals, the maintenance of the immense trains which would have accompanied them, consider- ing the time which the march would have consumed, would have far exceeded the cost of this rapid movement by rail and river. It is understood that since the close of the war 800,000 men have been safely brought back from the rebellious districts, transported by this department to the several camps of discharge established in every loyal State, and finally sent to their homes. Many of these men came from Texas and the Gulf Coast; others from the territories of all the lately rebellious States. Such a movement is unexampled. It illustrates the resources of the country for the operations of war, and the great advantages it possesses in its system of navigable rivers and its 40,000 miles of railroads. MILITARY RAILROADS. In the winter of 1863, when the rebel armies were driven back from Chattanooga, the immediate repair and almost total reconstruction of the track of the railway from Nashville to Chatt~inooga became an imperative necessity. The positions taken up by the troops along the line of the Tennes- see River, for the winter, required for their supply that the railroads from Nashville to Decatur, and from Decatur to beyond Knoxville, should also be repaired and equipped. Bridges were rebuilt; new and heavier iron was laid down upon the road from Nashville to Chattanooga; locomotives and cars in great numbers were muanufac- tured at the North and transported to the scene of active operations. As the Louisville and Nashville Railroad proved insufficient for the heavy traffic thrown upon it, and was sometimes cut by guerrillas, the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad, from Nashville to Johusonville, on the Tennessee River, was repaired, completed, and opened to trade. This afforded a new avenue by which the products of the Northwest were transported to the base of operations at Nashville, the Tennes- see River being navigable for light-draft boats from the Ohio to Johusonville. Seventeen hundred and sixty-nine miles of military railways were at one time repaired, maintained, stocked, and operated by the agents of this department, under the energetic supervision of Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum, general manager of military railways of the United States Page 234 234 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. In the repair of so many miles of railway great quantities of iron, burned and twisted by the contending forces, both of which, on occa- sion, destroyed railroads which they were obliged to abandon, came into our possession. To make this iron serviceable in the repair of the railroads toward Atlanta and to the Gulf, should the same stubborn resistance be offered beyond Atlanta as was met with on the advance to that place, I directed the completion of an unfinished rolling-mill captured at Chattanooga. For local military reasons Major-General Thomas required that the mill should be constructed within the intrenchment of the city of Chat- tanooga, instead of on the foundations of the mill, some two miles from that town. A rolling-mill capable of rerolling fifty tons of rail- road iron per day was constructed and put in operation. It utilized a large quantity of iron taken from the lines of Southern railroads, and was of important aid in restoring the railroad communication between Chattanooga and Atlanta, broken up by order of General Sherman when, in the fall of 1864, he destroyed the latter city and set forth on his adventurous march to the sea. The termination of the war having relieved the War Department of the duty of repairs and reconstruction of railroads, this rolling- mill was advertised and sold at a satisfactory price. It will be of great advantage to the Southwestern railroads, on all of which the iron is much worn by constant use during the war, with little means of renewal. Most of their iron will require rerolling, and this mill is now in full operation upon the work. General McCallum reports 1,769 miles of railroad as operated dur- ing the fiscal year, with an equipment of 365 engines and 4,203 cars either in use or in reserve, and an expenditure of $22,000,000. His report is among the papers submitted herewith. The force employed in the repair, construction, and operation of the military railways has been very large. A table herewith shows the strength at several different periods. In April, 1865, the number employed in this branch of the service was 23,533. TRANSFER OF MILITARY RAILROADS. As soon as the surrender of the rebel armies and the cessation of hostilities made it possible, efforts were made to induce the railroad colnpanies of the rebellious territories to reorganize by the election of loyal directors and managers, and to resume the charge of the lines which had fallen into the hands of this department and been repaired and used for the supply of our armies. At this date nearly all the roads have been transferred, either to the presidents and directors or to boards of public works of the States in which they are situated. In the Atlantic States the policy pursued has been to deliver up the roads in whatever condition they were left by the fortune of war at the moment of transfer. Questions of ownership, claims to material of the road tracks trans- ferred either by rebel or by U. S. authority from one road to another, are left for decision of the courts. The United States merely retires, leaving the lawful owners to resume their property. Such material as had been collected for repair or construction and not used, and such as was in depot, has been sold to the companies at a fair valua- tion, and upon credit of greater or less extent, as circumstances seemed to require Page 235 UNION AUTHORITIES. 235 The department does not propose to charge the railroads for expendi- tures or repairs, or for materials actually nsed on the roads; nor does it propose to allow any charge against it for the use and profits of the roads while occupied as military routes, nor for damages done by its troops or agents under the pressure of military operations. A railroad is an engine of war more powerful than a battery of artillery, subject to capture and to use; and there is, it would seem, as little reason for paying damages or rent for its occupation and use as there would be for a captured battery. The rolling-stock and movable machinery have been hired to the railroads desiring their use until arrangements could be made for a sale. Most of that collected in th~ Atlantic States has at this date been disposed of at public auction, either for cash or in payment of debts for transportation due by the department to railroads. In the Southwest the rolling-stock belonging to the United States, some 220 engines and 3,000 cars, was all of the wide gauge, fitted for the Southern roads. It could not be used without expensive altera- tions upon the Northern railroads, and these could not be expected, therefore, to purchase it at prices approaching its value. The railroads and the territory of the Southwest were too much impoverished by the events of the unsuccessful rebellion to be able to purchase for cash the rolling-stock and machinery which had cost this department several millions of dollars. The reconstruction of the Southwestern railroads and their oper- ation were of the greatest importance to the pacification, restoration, and prosperity of the country, and on the 8th of August an Executive order was issued prescribing the terms upon which these railroads should be restored to their lawful owners. Difficulties having arisen in carrying this into full effect, additional orders were issued on the 14th of October, 1865. Under these orders the railroads and the railroad property of the department in the Southwest are being disposed of. Copies of the orders, as published by this department for the information and guid- ance of its officers, accomiipany this report; they are General Orders of the War Department, No. 276, 1863, and Quartermaster-Generals Office, Nos. 56 and 62, 1865. This branch of the service has been a very costly one, but its expendi- tures have accomplished their objects. They have supplied our armies, and have enabled them to move and accomplish in weeks what with- out them would have required years, or would have been impossible. Of the skill and ability of General D. C. MeCallum, director and general manager of the U. S. Military Railroads, and of the able body of engineers, superintendents, and assistants, who have enabled the department to repair, to build, and to manage the railroads during these great operations, it is impossible to speak too highly. The commanding generals of armies as well as the Quartermaster- General recognize their courage and devotion, their services, and their mnerifs. TELEGRAPH. The Military Telegraph has continued to be a most important instru- ment in the conduct of military operations. Its officers have shown time same fidelity and devotion as in former years. Col. Anson Stager has been chief of the Military Telegraph, and Maj. Thomas T. Eckert, assistant quartermaster, has been assistan Page 236 236 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. superintendent, on duty at the War Department, and in charge of all telegraph lines in the Departments of the Potomac, Virginia, North Carolina, and the South. The funds for the support of the Military Telegraph are furnished from the appropriations of the Quartermasters Department, and are disbursed under the direction of the chief of Military Telegraphs, whose reports, with those of his assistants, are submitted herewith. The duties of these officers have brought them more directly under the notice of the Secretary of War than of the Quartermaster-General, and their merits are well known to the War Department. Expenditures during the year were $300,000 for material and sup- plies, of which about $130,000 wasexpended for purchase of 285 miles of submarine telegraph cable for use in case of necessity upon the coast and bays. The greater part of this is still on hand. Referring to Colonel Stagers report, herewith, it appears that the estimated cost of supplying and maintaining and operating military lines now in use is $75,000 per month: Land. Sub Aggre marine, gate. Mit tlh in operation July 1, 1864 Mi~s. Miles. Mites. 4, 955k 52~ Cons rtUed during the year 3, 246j 68f Total in operation during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865 8, 2011 121j 8, 3231 Taken down or abandoned during the year 2, 049 461 Total in operation June 30, 1865 6, 152~ 7~& 0, 228 During the rebellion there have been constructed and operated about 15,000 miles of military telegraph. The cost of the Military Telegraph from May 1, 1861, to December 1, 1862, was about $22,000 per month. During the year 1863 it averaged $38,500 per mouth. In 1864 the telegraph was greatly extended, and the cost reached $93,500 per month. The total expenditure during the year ending June 30, 1865, has beeii $1,360,000. The total expenditure from May 1, 1861, to June 30, 1865, $2,655,500. Upon the fall of the rebellion the telegraph lines throughout the South were taken possession of by the Government. The telegraph companies were called upon to repair their lines and put theln in good working order, furnishing all labor and material therefor, the United States to be at no outlay beyond the expense of maintaining purely military lines and military stations. An account of Govern- ment business is kept, subject to future consideration or settlement. FORAGE, FUEL, AND REGULAR SUPPLIES. From the records in this office it appears that the armies in the field required, under the organization prevailing during the third year of the war, for the use of cavalry, artillery, and for the trains, one-half as many horses and mules as they contained soldiers. The full ration of forage for a horse is fourteen pounds of hay and twelve pounds of grain daily, twenty-six pounds in all. The gross weight of a mans ratioi~ of subsistence is three pounds; the forage for an army therefore weighs, when full rations are supplied, abou Page 237 UNION AUTHORITIES. 237 four and a half times as much as the subsistence stores. The forage, probably, exceeds the subsistence as much in bulk as in weight. With armies marching in the field, the forage is in great part gath- ered along the line of march. Thus the army of General Sherman, on its march through the Southern States, supplied itself with abundant forage. The moment that the army halted, as at Savannah and at Goldsborough, large shipments of grain and hay were necessary to keep the animals alive. So the army which operated in the vicinity of Nashville, and Gen- eral Shermans army during its slow progress from Nashville [Chat- tanooga?] to Atlanta, and during the siege of that city, drew immense quantities of grain and hay from the Ohio River at vast expense. The armies operating against Richmond during the past fiscal year occupied a fixed position in the lines of their fortified camps, and drew all their supplies from the North by sea. The animals of the Army have been well supplied throughout the year, notwithstanding the extent of the territory over which they have been scattered, and the sudden and great changes of base, and con- sequently of lines of supply. When General Shermans army reached Savannah, and before the opening of the obstructed channels leading to that city permitted the approach of the fleet which had been dispatched to Port Royal, laden with forage and other stores, there was for a short time a scarcity of forage. The rice straw and rice which alone the country about Savannah furnished were soon consumed, and I am iiiformed that some artillery horses perished. But the opening of the river soon enabled the department to deliver ample supplies, and his army moved north with abundance of animals and of food. Col. S. L. Brown was placed in charge of the purchase and supply of forage to the armies on the Atlantic Coast in December, 1863, and upon the organization of the Fifth Division of this office was trans- ferred to its head. His administration has been successful, and his reports record a business of magnitude and importance seldom equaled. Between the 8th of December, 1862, and the 30th of June, 1865, he purchased and shipped to the depots and armies 2,787,758 bushels of corn, 20,997,289 bushels of oats, 43,311 bushels of barley, 269,814 tons of hay, 8;243 tons of straw; the cost of which was *31,308,563.98. The grain was purchased at certain points, under the direction of Colonel Brown, and transported to Portland, Boston, New York, and Philadelphia by rail, canal, river, and lake, making 8,567 car-loads, 560 barge-loads by canal, and 49 schooner, 29 bark, and 20 propeller cargoes on the lakes. The hay, purchased upon the line of railroad, was transported to the coast in 5,555 car-loads. The whole was reshipped from the above-named ports to the depots of the armies on the coast in 2,570 cargoes. The freight paid to these ves- sels was $2,576,152.14. Daily reports from the depots of the various armies, when daily mail or telegraphic communication was open, have been required, and have kept this office advised of the state of supply. Contracts made at a distance have been subjected to a careful examination by Colonel Brown himself, and every effort made to correct and prevent extravagance and fraud, both in the purchase and consumption of forage. The loss by wastage, fire, and the perils of the sea upon shipments of forage amounting to *25,000,000, has been less than seven-eighths of one per cent.about eighty-three hundredths of one per cent. Tha Page 238 238 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. there has been waste is undeniable; but in the handling of 30,000,000 bushels of grain, and its daily distribution to the manger or nose-bag of every horse or mule in the public service, over a country of 2,000 miles in width, this was unavoidable. The abstracts with the report of the Fifth Division show, as approxi- mate results, that during the fiscal year there have been supplied to the Army: Articles. Quantity. value. Corn bushels.. 5, 902, 273 $8, 558, 296 Oats do.... 23, 794, 930 23, 794, 930 Barley do.... 43,311 64,967 Hay tons.. 407,799 13,049,568 Straw do---. 10, 665 213, 300 Feed do.... 146 219 Fodder do 614 304 Forage 45,681,584 Fuel for the troops has, generally, in the field, been cut by them- selves. At positions held for some time and not in the enemys terri- tory, it is supplied by contract, the labor of troops being employed in different degrees, according as the exigencies of military duty, in the view of commanding generals, will permit. Fuel for steam-vessels is procured by contract, principally at Philadelphia and Pittsburg. The reports in the Fifth Division show an aggregate of supplies of fuel during the fiscal year of Fuel. Quantity. I value. wood cords.. 336, 169 $1, 680, 840 Coal tons.. 832, 452 8. 324,520 These numbers, however, are imperfect and subject, probably, to important increase upon a complete examination and analysis of the records and reports and accounts of officers. The reports from the depot of Washington show the issue during the war of Corn .bushels.~. 4,500,000 Oats do~ 29,000,000 Hay tons-- 490,000 Straw do..~ 15,000 Coal do~. 392,000 Wood cords~ 210,000 Capt. E. D. Chapman, forage officer at Saint Louis, reports the purchase of forage at that depot during the war of Corn bushels. 3,847,480 Oats do.~ 17,403,778 Hay tons-- 213,216 Straw do~.- 3,206 But I am of opinion that there have been many purchases of which Captain Chapman cannot have knowledge, and that the quantity actually purchased at that depot is considerably greater than above stated Page 239 UNION AUTHORITIES. 239 Imperfect analyses of contracts and reports in this office indicate a supply of forage during the war exceeding Articles. Quantity. Value. Corn bushels.. 22, 816, 271 $29, 879, 314 Oats do.... 78,663,799 76,362,026 Hay tons.. 1, 518, 621 48, 595, 872 Straw do.... 21, 276 425, 520 Total estimated cost of forage during the war, so far as ascertained 155, 262, 732 from reports analyzed in this office. But vast quantities of forage were purchased and issued at remote or subordinate posts, the accounts of which cannot be made up without a complete analysis of the vouchers of disbursing officers. Much was purchased or taken on the march by officers subsequently killed or dis- abled, or by officers not reporting to this department. For much of this memorandum receipts were given; and these are among the claims continually reaching this office under the law of July 4, 1864. The total quantity of fuel reported as furnished is Quantity. Value. wood cords.. 551, 410 $2, 757, 180 Coal tons.. 1, 620, 910 13, 777, 715 The wood was generally used near the place of purchase. The coal has been transported, at the expense of the department, from the market in which it was purchased to all the Atlantic, Gulf, and Western river ports between Saint Louis and Pittsburg. CLAIMS FOR REGULAR SUPPLIES. To the Fifth Division is intrusted the examination of claims for fuel, forage, and other regular supplies, irregularly taken by the armies, and not accounted for or imperfectly reported by officers of this department. Such of these as appear to be just and equitable are referred to the Third Auditor of the Treasury, with a recommendation for settlement, under the law of July 4, 1864. A copy of General Orders, No. 35, which contains the rules for examination of these claims, accompanies this report. These claims are examined as to the actual use of the supplies by the Army, as to the past and present loyalty of the claimants and wit- nesses, and as to the genuineness of the signatures. Information as to loyalty is sought from provost-marshals; and a very large number of claims is rejected upon evidence of disloyalty of both claimants and witnesses. r1~here have been received and referred to the Fifth Division, from January 1 to October 16, 1865, 4,245 packages, containing 14,455 claims, vouchers given by officers of the Quartermasters Department, and claims presented under the act of July 4, 1864, and General Orders, No. 35. HOSPITALS AND BARRACKS. During the fiscal year hospitals of importance have been erected at Indian apolis,at an estimated Cost of $30,000 AtNewark,N.J ____ 7000 Page 240 240 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Worcester, Mass., conversion of the Eclectic College into a hospital $36, 800 30,000 Manchester,N.H 75,000 Hicks Hospital,Baltimore Nashville 25,000 Hilton Head hospital, extended 30,000 At the commencement of the fiscal year the capacity of the hos- pitals of the Army was 120,521 beds. The capacity of the principal hospitals erected during the fiscal year is 7,300 beds. By the pitching of hospital tents adjacent to the wooden hospitals, great additions to their capacity have been made. Hospital buildings are erected and hospital tents are furnished by the Quartermasters Department. The hospitals, after being constructed, are turned over to the Medical Department, to be administered under direction of the Surgeon-General. Repairs and extensions are made upon his requisition, approved by the War Department, as they become necessary. When the hospitals are vacated they are returned to this depart- ment, to be sold or otherwise disposed of. The hospitals throughout the country (and during the war they have been located in almost every State) have been built by the Quartermasters Department upon plans generally prepared or sug- gested by the Surgeon-General. They are temporary structures built of wood with a view to econ- omy, but from their magnitude some of them have been costly. The Mower General Hospital, at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, with a capacity for nearly 4,000 patients; the hospital at Davids Island and that at Willets Point, N. Y.; the Jarvis and the Patterson Park Hospitals, at Baltimore; the general hospital at Jeffersonville, md.; the several hospitals in the District of Columbia and adjacent thereto; the hospitals at Fortress Monroe and at City Point, on the James River, and the hospitals at Nashville and at Chattanooga, Tenn., are among the largest and most expensive which have been constructed by this department. The material (wood) used in these hospitals is cheaper than any other, cheaper even than tents; but to provide for the cooking, warm- ing, ventilating, and purification of such numbers of sick men requires at all these great general hospitals very expensive and costly arrangements for cooking, for laundries, and for supplying water in great abundance. Many of them are heated by steam; some are sup- plied with water from the pipes of city water-works, at others special provisions have been made for an independent water supply. Most of them have steam machinery for washing and for pumping. At one of these hospitals the daily consumption of water has exceeded 100,000 gallons. The principal barracks erected during the year have been barracks for draft rendezvous. Spring Mills, near Philadelphia $84,000 Slocum, N.Y 25,000 Johnsons Island, for guard of prisoners of war, Sandusky, Ohio - 15,000 A depot for prisoners of war was also constructed on Harts Island, N.Y. Necessary repairs have been made from time to time upon these amid upon the numerous other barracks scattered throughout the country. As the reduction of the Army and cessation of enlistments have vacated the various barracks, they have been inspected and reported to the War Department, most of them with recommendation for sale Page 241 UNION AUTHORITIES. 241 Very large numbers of buildings erected as hospitals, store-houses, offices, and barracks have already been sold, and others are now being advertised for sale. These sales are at public auction to the highest bidder. The materials generally bring fair l)rices, and a considerable sum will be realized from this source. The Sixth Division of this office, which has charge of hospitals and barracks, is also charged with the records and reports of interments. Under General Orders, No. 40, of July 3, 1865, which on the conclu- sion of the war called upon officers of this department for special reports of the number of interments registered during the war, reports have been received from officers in seventeen States, including the District of Columbia. They report the interments registered in their offices at 116,148. Of these there werewhites, 95,803; colored, 20,345; loyal, 98,827; disloyal, 12,596; refugees, 600; contrabands, 4,125. These include few of the interments made immediately after battles, which are made by details of troops, and are reported by the commanding generals in the lists of killed in battle. These are the records of those who die in hospitals, camps, awl bar- racks, for whose burial there is time to make decent and orderly pro- vision nnder the general orders and regulations. They do not include the numerous victims of skirmishes and of assassination by bush- whackers and robbers under the guise of guerrillas, whose remains bleach by the waysides and in the woodland paths of the South. They do include, however, the 12,912 victims of the barbarities of Andersonville, Ga., and the 1,500 whose graves were marked this spring upon the battle-fields of Spotsylvania and the Wilderness. The National Soldiers Cemetery, at Arlington, continues to be used for the interment of the victims of the rebellion who die in Washing- ton or its vicinity. It contains the remains of 5,291 persons. The cemetery at the Military Asylum contains 5,211; Harmony Cemetery, 388; Battle Cemetery, 40; Alexandria Cemetery, 3,600. These ceme- teries have been carefully tended and decorated. A cemetery has been constructed, under order of Maj. Gen. G. H. Thomas, at Chatta- nooga, within the walls of which it is intended to collect the remains of all who fell in battle or died in the hospital in that vicinity. Capt. J. M. Moore, assistant quartermaster, was by your order, immediately upon the opening of communication, dispatched in a steamer loaded with materials, with workmen, and clerks to identify and mark in a suitable manner the graves of those who died at Auder- sonville. With the aid of a detail furnished by Major-General Wilson this duty was performed. The grounds in which 12,912 of our comrades had been buried in trenches were inclosed; the bodies where the earth had been washed from them by rains were again covered. Head-boards, painted white, were placed over each, bearing the name, rank, regiment, and State, with date of death, as ascertained from the captured hospital records. Twelve thousand four hundred and sixty-one were idertified, and upon 451 graves Captain Moore was compelled to place the inscription Unknown U. S. soldier. His report is herewith. The names of those who have been interred in the military ceme- teries of the District of Columbia and of Washington have by your authority been published in a general order, which has been distrib- uted to State authorities, public libraries, and to newspapers which publish official advertisements. The list is thus made accessible to the friends of those who have fallen. 16 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 242 242 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. The lists of interments at Spotsylvania and the Wilderness and of those who died at Andersonville are being printed. As other lists are received at this office they will be submitted to you for publication. It is reported unofficially that several thousand of our dead are buried at Florence, S. C., and at other prison camps of the South. As soon as arrangements can be made for the purpose proper and decent attention will be given to their remains. Orders have been given for inspection of the cemeteries of other prison camps and of battle-fields. It is hoped that most of them can in time be inclosed and preserved. SIXTH DIVISIONCLAIMS. There have been presented to the Sixth Division 2,479 claims under the law of July 4, 1864. The amount claimed was $1,587,181.47. Seven hundred and fifty-one of these claims, amounting to $183,452. 30, have after examination been referred to the Third Auditor, xvith recommendation for settlement nuder the law; 1,054 have been rejected, amounting to $446,163.32. Claims amounting to $957,565.85 still await examination and final action in this division. The Sixth Division has since its organization been under charge of Col. J. J. Dana, of the Quartermasters Department, an officer who has in various positions during the war displayed signal intelligence and devotion to his duties. As chief of transportation at the great depot of Washington, as chief quartermaster of the First Army Corps during the campaign of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and as assist- ant in this office, and after its organization chief of the Sixth Division, he has won the approval and esteem of his commanders. MILITARY TRAINS. The officer in charge of the division of military trains reports from the returns of officers of the department, so far as received, that during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, there were purchased 14,549 wagons, 1,229 ambulances, 1,279 carts, 58,144 sets wheel har- ness, 87,480 sets lead harness, 5,255 sets irregular harness, 335 sets artillery harness, 1,702 sets cart harness, 60 traveling and 824 portable forges. There were captured from the rebels during the same fiscal~ year 1,541 wagons, 468 ambulances, 245 carts, 6 carriages, 6,661 sets wheel harness, 6,906 sets lead harness, 797 sets irregular harness, 119 sets artillery harness, 406 sets cart harness, 3 traveling and 73 porta- ble forges. There were expended, lost, and sold during th eyear 2,372 wagons, 277 ambulances, 96 carts, S i~arriages, 17,907 sets wheel harness, 16,732 sets lead harness, 3,453 sets irregular harness, 393 sets artillery harness, 133 sets cart harness, 3 traveling and 229 portable forges. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, there were purchasedi 4,762 wagons, 1,436 ambulances, 247 carts, 13,215 sets wheel harness, 18,961 sets lead harness, 2,588 sets irregular harness, 4 sets artillery harness, 328 sets cart harness, 34 traveling and 890 portable forges. There were manufactured in the repair and other shops of the depart- ment 1,443 wagons, 79 carts, 14,152 sets wheel harness, 20,767 sets lead harness, 929 sets irregular harness, 34 sets artillery harness, and 173~ sets cart harness. There were captured 1,S99 wagons, 174 ambulances,, 108 carts, 6,228 sets wheel harness, 7,770 sets lead harness, 867 sets irregular harness, 6S sets artillery harness, and 46 portable forges. There were expended, lost, and sold 2,211 wagons, 679 ambulances, 9 Page 243 UNION AUTHORITIES. 243 carts, 18,325 sets wheel harness, 23,254 sets lead harness, 1,583 sets irregular harness, 12 traveling and 432 portable forges. The trains of the Army had been brought to a high state of efficiency by the 30th of June, 1864, and they were probably not increased in mag- nitude during the year, the purchase and manufacture serving only to keep them in a complete and efficient state. Much of the harness and many of the wagons having been purchased early in the war, and in continual use, are worn and of little value. The army of General Sherman and the Army of the Potomac uniting at Washington, after four years of active campaign, in which the former had marched from the Mississippi to the Potomac, brought together in the District of Columbia army wagons of the regulation pattern which had been used at the first battle of Bull Run on the 21st of July, 1861, some of which had made all the campaigns of each army since. The baggage wagons and harness, the general equipment of the trains of our armies, are probably of models which cannot be improved. They have borne the rough usage of war in the hands of men of little experience at first, and not willing to take that eare of them which can be expected from and enforced upon the veteran soldier. The experience of this war has convinced all officers of this depart- ment that for the army trains mules are much superior to horses, and of late the horses have almost entirely disappeared from the trains, being transferred to the cavalry or artillery and replaced by mules. A copy of Special Orders, No. 44, headquarters Armies of the United States, City Point, Va., June 28, 1864, accompanies this report. It sets forth in detail and clearly the organization and size of the trains of an active army as perfected by four years experience in the field. With this report are several reports froni officers of this department giving information as to the movement and management of the trains of armies in campaigns. This information is seldom available to the military student. It is of great value and should be printed for reference and use hereafter. SEVENTH DIvIsIONcLAIMs. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, and from the termina- tion of that year to October 10, 1865, there were presented and referred to the Seventh Division of this office 11,494 claims, amounting to $2,316,361.53. Four thousand three hundred and thirty-seven were passed, amounting to $1,239,872.23; 5,867 were rejected, amounting to $950,455.66; 1,290 remain on file for further action, amounting to $126,033.64. The Seventh and Ninth Divisions of this office have been in charge of Col. B. C. Card, whose intelligent and prompt discharge of the duties assigned to him have met my entire approbation. I have named him with others to you for the promotion which he richly merits. TRANSPORTATION OVER THE PLAINS. The troops operating on the great Western plains and in the mount- ain regions of New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho are supplied principally by the trains of the Quartermasters Department from depots established on the great routes of overland travel, to which depots supplies are conveyed by contract. The contractors are the freighters or merchants of the overland trade. This department ha Page 244 244 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. not statistics to show the extent of this traffic, but it has of late years increased with the development of the mines of the central region of the continent until it has become a most important interest. Trav- elers by the stage from Denver to Fort Leavenworth, a distance of 683 miles, in the month of July, 186~5, were never out of sight of wagon trains, belonging either to emigrants or to the merchants who trans- port supplies for the War Department, for the Indian Department, and for the mines and settlers of the central Territories. Cost of transportation of a pound of corn, hay, clothing, subsistence, lumber, or any other necessary from Fort Leavenworth to FortRiley $0.0246 FortUnion,thedepotforNewMexico .1435 SantaFe, N. Mex .1685 FortKearny .0644 Fort Laranne .1410 DenverCity, Cob .1543 SaltLakeCity, Utah .2784 The cost of a bushel of corn purchased at Fort Leavenworth and delivered at each of these points is as follows: Fort Riley - $2.79 Fort Union 9.44 SantaF~ 10.84 Fort Kearny 5.03 Fort Laramie - 9.26 Denver City 10.05 SaltLakeCity~. 17.00 To this last point none is now sent. The expenses of this department will be reduced by the advance of the Pacific railroads, two of which are rapidly moving westward, one from Leavenworth toward Fort Riley and the other from Omaha toward Fort Kearny. The present generaF mode of transport is by heavy wagons, each drawn by ten oxen. The loads of these wagons average 5,500 pounds each. Lighter freight and passengers are carried by express in lighter wagons, drawn by mules, which animals are almost exclusively used in the winter when the grass is covered with snow. The heavy trains in dry weather move readily over the prairie roa(ls, which outside the limits of the settlements follow the best routes, and can make wide detours to avoid sloughs or wet places in the prairies~ The progress of settlement injures these roads. No laws appear to exist reserving the road bed on these great overland routes to the public. The lines of survey of the public lands cross the trail at all angles, and each farmer is at liberty to fence in his tract according to the unyielding lines of his rectangular boundaries. These overland trails, now well-beaten wagon tracks, were originally located upon the high and dry swells of the prairie, the most desir- able land for agricultural purposes. They followed the best routes and sought the easiest crossings of the streams, low grounds, aiid swamps. Near Leavenworth the progress of inclosure is driving them into the wet grounds, and greatly increases the difficulties of travel. It is much to be desired that in all future laud sales the great and long-established trails, the highways across the continent, should be reserved from sale and be devoted forever as public highways. A certain width on each side of them should be marked out by actual survey and reserved for this purpose. Wagon roads across the con- tinent will always be needed, even when the railroads are completed Page 245 UNION AUTHORITIES. 245 The following is an estimate of the cost of transportation of mili- tary stores westward across the plains by contract during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865: I. Northern and western route: ToUtahandpostsonthatroute $1,524,119.00 II. Southwestern route: To Fort Union, N: Mex., and posts on that route $1,301,400 Posts in the interior of New Mexico 138,178 1,439,578.00 Cost of the transportation of grain on above routes, where the grain was delivered by contractors and the transportation entered into the price paid, same year 1. Utah route $2,526,727,68 2. New Mexico route 697,101.69 3,223,829.37 Cost of transportation of military stores across the plains same year by Government trains 1. Utah route $34,600 2. New Mexico route 166.730 201,330.00 Total by contract and Government trains 6,388,856.37 This expenditure would be reduced by the opening of railroads by a sum which would aid materially in paying interest upon the cost of their construction. The present season has been a very wet one upon the plains. In wet weather the heavy wagons are generally compelled to go into camp and wait patiently till dry weather makes the roads practicable. Any effort to move exhausts the animals and destroys the wagons, while the progress of such a train would not average in bad weather over many portions of the roads one mile a day. Trains from Fort Leavenworth to Denver City have this year occupied from forty-five to seventy-four days in the march. DIVISION OF INSPECTION. The Eighth Division of this office is the division of inspection. Its duties are delicate and difficult. It receives, registers, analyzes, and prepares for action of the Quartermaster-General all reports of the regular inspectors, or of officers acting as inspectors under orders of the Quartermasters Department, and all reports of inspections of that department by the Inspector-General of the Army which may be referred to this office for action. It keeps the roster of the officers of the Quartermasters Depart- ment, and keeps a careful and minute record of the service of all officers as reported to this office. It also prepares and records the general and special orders of the department and its nominations for assignment to duty. The organization of the inspectors of the Quartermasters Depart- ment provides for six inspectors, with the rank of colonel, and a chief of the division of inspection. Other officers of the department are placed on inspection duty from time to time, as their services are needed. Since the cessation of hostilities a number of officers have been thus employed to collect the information necessary to compel great and necessary reductions in the establishment, which had been created during the war. The report of Col. G. V. Rutherford, chief of the division of inspec- tion, which is herewith , gives in detail the operations of the office Page 246 24~3 COlIIUISPONDENCE, ETC. During the fiscal year 216 reports were received from the inspectors. Over 11,000 inventories and reports of inspection of property recom- mended for sale or condemnation and 293 reports of boards of survey were received and acted on. A record of the appointment, movements, services, and duties of each officer of the Quartermasters Department, and of reports of com- manding officers and inspectors in relation to his performance of duty has been kept. Five hundred and ninety-one annual reports of officers were rendered during the fiscal year, and 340 such reports have been received since its termination. From the information given in these reports, tables of quantities and of expenditures by officers have been prepared, which accompany this report. Several boards for examination of officers of this department have been in session during the year. Two hundred and forty-three officers have been examined, of whom forty-nine were reported by the boards as disqualified and 194 as qualified. On the 30th of June, 1865, there were in the Qartermasters Depart- mnent: Regularofficers 67 Militarystore-keepers 11 78 Assistant quartermasters of volunteers 488 Total, including eleven military store-keepers 566 Many of these officers have, for distinguished services during the war, received brevet promotion beyond their lineal rank. Many have been assigned to important positions, to which, under the law, increased, though temporary, rank is attached. The report of the inspection division gives details as to the number of officers who have won such distinction. For the names I must refer to the tables accompanying this report, in which most of them are mentioned, and to the Army Register. During the fiscal year there were appointed 5 assistant quartermasters of the Regular Army, 145 assistant quartermasters of the Volunteer Army, and 2 military store-keepers. During the fiscal year there retired from the service 5 assistant quartermasters of the Regular Army and 203 assistant quarter- masters of volunteers. Since the termination of the fiscal year, and to the 1st of October, 1 assistant quartermaster of regulars, 1 mili- tary store-keeper, and 172 assistant quartermasters of volunteers have retired from the service, resigned, dismissed, or honorably mus- tered out. The reduction is still going on rapidly, as troops are discharged and posts abandoned, and the services of these officers can be dis- pensed with. Three hundred and eighty-two officers in all left the service of the Quartermasters Department between the 1st of July, 1864, and the 1st of October, 1865. The distribution of general orders to officers of the Quartermasters Department is part of the duty of the inspection division. It dis- tributed during the fiscal year 177,289 copies of general orders, of which 124,177 were general orders of the Adjutant-Generals Office. Colonel Rutherfords vigilance and promptness in the discharge of his duties have been most important aids in the supervision of the extended operations of this department, and I aim happy to acknowl- edge the recognition which they have muet from the Secretary of War Page 247 UNION AUTHORITIES. 247 ACCOUNTS FOR MONEY AND PROPERTY. The assistant quartermaster-general has charge of the examination of the accounts of disbursing officers and of officers responsible for public property (other than property accounts of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, which latter accounts are examined in the division of clothing and equipage). The chief of the Ninth Division reports that there were received at this office in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1862, 7,094 accounts, all of which have been examined and transmitted to the Treasury for settlement. In the year ending June 30, 1863, there were received 29,153, all of which have been examined and transmitted to the Treasury. In the year ending June 30, 1864, there were received 67,856 accounts; of these there have been examined and transmitted to the Treasury 14,588. There remain to be examined 53,268. In the year ending June 30, 1865, there were received 72,299 accounts; of these there have been examined and transmitted to the Treasury 12,424. There remain to be examined 59,875. During the four years, July 1, 1861, to June 30, 1865, there were received in all 176,402 accounts; examined and sent to the Treasury 63,259; remaining to be examined 113,143. These are not single vouchers, but accounts, many of which contain hundreds, and some of them thousands, of single vouchers. They represent the expenditure of over one thousand millions of dollars in money, and the use and application of the property purchased there- with. The delay in their final settlement is injurious alike to the officer and to the Government, and it is of great importance that their settlement be expedited by all the means in the power of the Govern- ment. It is from the final examination and discussion of these accounts that the statistical information necessary to a proper under- standing of the cost of the great war, now happily ended, is to be obtained. These accounts record the purchases of materials; the cost of movements by rail, river, and sea; the application of the materials purchased; the distance men and material were transported; the cost and extent of the hospitals, barracks, store-houses, and camps which have covered the country with buildings and canvas. Reports made by officers are often imperfect; their accounts for purchases must be complete; and these accounts record the actual cost and the time of purchase of every article provided by the Quarter- masters Department during the war, from the ocean steamer of 2,500 tons to the saddlers or tent-makers needle and thread. In the last annual report of this department attention was called to the inadequate force provided by law for the prompt examination of officers accounts, and a recommendation was made for the increase of that force by the addition of 170 clerks, classified as follows: 70 of class one, 60 of class two, 30 of dass three, and 10 of class four. Another years experience makes more urgent the necessity of this increase, and I repeat the recommendation of the last annual report. MILITARY ORGANIZATION OF EMPLOY~S OF THE QUARTERMASTERS DEPARTMENT. In the last annual report of this office I had the hollor to report the services rendered in the field, as soldiers, at Nashville, at Johnson- yule, and at Washington City, by the Quartermasters Volunteers, Page 248 248 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. military organization nnder your sanction, of the clerks, agents, and operatives of the Quartermasters Department at the principal depots. Since that report was written the Quartermasters Volunteers at Nash- ville, under the command of Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. L. Donaldson, have again had the opportunity to render important service. Two brigades of these troops, 4,500 strong, were assigned a position in the operations of the 15th and 16th of December, 1864, the days of the decisive battle of Nashville, and so conducted themselves as to merit and receive the approval of their commanders. The surrender of the rebel armies having made their services no longer necessary, the several brigades and regiments have been disbanded, and most of their members have, in the general reduction of the force employed, been discharged from service. The arms and equipments have been returned to the Ordnance Department. Colored men continued to the close of the war to be employed in connection with the trains of the Quartermasters Department as laborers at depots, as pioneers with the marching columns. In all these positions they have done good service and materially contributed to that final victory which confirmed their freedom and saved our place among nations. I cannot close this report without calling your attention to the services rendered by the officers and agents of this department. Some of these officers had at the beginning of the war the advantage of previous experience in the Quartermasters Department during former wars, but by far the greater part of them were taken from the occupa- tions of.civil life, without military training or experience. Many of them as the war went on were promoted from the ranks of the volun- teers. A very few have proved unfaithful, but the great body of them have served laboriously and zealously, successfully and honorably. Whether in the field or at the depot, there is no intermission to the labor and the responsibility of a quartermaster. In the field he is expected to overcome the difficulties of the road cut up by the pas- sage of troops and artillery, and to run the gauntlet of a hostile pop- ulation in the rear of the armiesa population exasperated by th~ loss of property taken by foragers. Often insufficiently guarded, upon his vigilance and energy depend the safety of his train and of the indispensable supplies which it bears. Long after the troops are at rest in their camps the quartermaster is upon the road. At the depot of an army the reception, care, and distribution of the immense supplies of food, ammunition, and clothing, and all other equipment, all of which pass through the hands of the quartermaster, tax him night and day. He is held to strict accountability for every item of the stores which pass through his hands. In the greater depots which have been during the war the centers at which the business of providing for the Army has been concentrated, the officers in charge have borne the responsibility of disbursing millions of dollars, collecting, auditing, and settling the vouchers issued by officers at smaller depots and in the field, and purchasing the stores to be distributed to armies through wide districts. Some of these officers have transacted business to the amount of millions monthly. From officers of every rank, from those in charge of the great centers of manufacture and purchase at the principal cities, from those to whom has been committed only the care of the property and trains of a single brigade, I have received and I recognize cordial support and assistance in the business committed to this department Page 249 UNION AUTHORITIES. 249 It is well understood among soldiers that upon the efficiency and integrity of the supply branches of the service depends, in a great degree, the power to make long marches, the health and efficiency of the troops. I have imperfectly set forth in this report some of the more impor- tant operations of the Quartermasters Department during the past year. I hope at a future time to be able to present to you more com- plete and detailed information of the extent of the resources, in material and men and money, which under your adnijuistration of the War Department have been applied to support and sustain the armies in every part of the wide field of operation during the past four years of war. This information properly digested, if published, will stand before the world as an example and a warning of the power and resources of a free people for any contest into which they heartily enter, and from it the soldier and statesman will be able to draw valuable lessons for use in case it ever again becomes necessary for this Nation to put forth its strength in arms. The merits and services of many of the officers of the department have been presented to you by myself, or by the generals under whom they have served in the field. I acknowledge the kindness with which their claims and my recommendations have been considered, and thank you for the recognition which has been given by their promo- tion of the services of the department which I have ha~d the honor to control. I transmit herewith reports of officers, with many tables, giving in detail information of value in relation to the operations of the depart- inent. To these I respectfully call your attention. * All of which is respectfully submitted. M. C. MEIGS, Brevet 11ic~jor- General, U. S. Army, Quartermaster- General. No. 1. On June 30, 1864, the termination of the preceding fiscal year, the balances in the hands of officers (after deducting the dis- bursemdnts ascertained from accounts which had passed the re- ~uired administrative examination of this office) amounted, as stated in the last annual report, to $296, 968,869.36 From which there is to be made a further deduc- tion of the amount of disbursements, ascer- tained from accounts for periods prior to and of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, which had been received and registered, but of which the required administrative examination had not been made, viz: Prior to the fiscal year $26,096,345.50 During the fiscal year - - - ___ 201 064,148.97 ~27, 160,494.47 Less amount shown to have been received from sales of property, rent of buildings, & c 5,820,943.99 221,339,550.48 Leaving an outstanding balance due June 30, 1864 of 75,629,318.88 * Such of these reports and tables as are here omitted will be found in Execu- tive Document No. 1, House of Representatives, Thirty-ninth Congress, first ses- sion, Vol. I, unless otherwise indicated as appearing in Series I, or elsewhere in this series Page 250 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Which was made up as follows, viz: 1. Amount of requisitions drawn during the fiscal year 1864, the accounts for dis- bursement of which had not been re- ceived at this office A large portion of this, although remitted during the fiscal year, could not have been received before its termination, and could not, therefore, be accounted for during that fiscal year; the greater portion had doubtless been accounted for direct to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department, as required by the act of Congress approved July 17, 1862. 2. Amount in the hands of officers, to be ac- counted for hereafter $31,317,806.00 44,311,512.88 $75,629,318.88 Of this latter amount the sum of $3,378,279.87 was amount of requisitions drawn during the fiscal years 1862 and 1863 in favor of officers, not taken up in their accounts received at this office, viz: In the fiscal year 1862 $1,579,471.87 Inthefiscalyearl863 1,798,799.00 3,378,270.87 The sum of $24,336,849.80 was amount in hands of officers unac- counted for (as ascertained from balances found due the Gov- ernment upon examination of the last accounts received and from receipts for advances made to officers for disbursement during the fiscal year 1864) by officers whose accounts had been rendered Of this amount the sum of $20,895,967.70 was the amount of balances found due the Government upon examination of the last accounts received in the fiscal year 1864 The balance, $3,440,882.10, was the amount of the receipts for advances made to officers for dis- bursements during the fiscal year 1864, not taken up in the accounts received at this office asbeforestated 3,440,882.10 The greater portion of this had probably been accounted for direct to the proper accounting officers of the Treasury Department, as required by the act of Congress before referred to. The re- mainder was distributed among the officers disbursing at the various posts and stations and in the field, and was applicable to the payment of debts contracted during the year. It was - - 16,596,892.21 Total amount, as above 44,311,512.88 Balance for which the accounts had not received the required administrative examination of this office, as above reported - - - 296,968,869.36 To which are to be added: 1. Remittances in July, 1864 Remittances in August, 1864 Remittances in September, 1864 - Remittances in October, 1864 Remittances in November, 1864 Remittances in December, 1864 Remittances in January, 1865 - Remittances in February, 1865 - Remittances in March, 1865 Remittancesin April, 1865 Remittances in May, 1865 Remittances in June, 1865 $38,584,250.00 32,976,611.00 25,476,722.41 24,151,957.00 35,704,491.00 41,124,342.60 7,466,063.10 600,000.00 90,341,901.94 49,813,329.76 59,880,447.72 25,585,940.91 2. Proceeds of sales of property, rents of buildings, & c 431,706,057.44 3,620,997.88 Total to be accounted for - 732,295,924.68 $20, 895,967.70 24, ~36, 849.80 25 Page 251 UNION AUTHORITIES. From which are to be deducted the disbursements by officers, ascertained from accounts which have passed the required administrative examination of this office, viz: Prior to the fiscal year (the accounts for which had not passed the required admin- istrative examination in time for the last annualreport)~ In the month of July, 1864 In the month of August, 186t In the month of September 1864 ____ In the month of October, 1864 In the month of November 1864 ____ In the month of December 1864 Inthemonthof January, 1865 In the month of February, 1865 Inthemonthof March, 1865 Inthemonthof April, 1865 fnthemonthofMay,1865 InthemonthofJune,1865 251 $167, 746,758.97 12,815,518.03 16,971,042.31 11,254,975.51 8,062,686.55 2,553, 155.61 3,176,591.08 853,742.04 1,367,986.64 480,870.03 263,275.35 369,061.42 203,698. 70 $226,119,362.24 Balance due June 30, 1865 506,176,562.44 From which there is to be made a further deduction of the amount of disbursements, as ascertained from accounts for periods prior to and in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, which have been received and registered, but of which the required administrative examination has not been made, viz: Amount prior to the fiscal year 1865 $82, 446,154.51 Amount in the fiscal year 1865 ______ 375 932,744.71 Total _____ 458 378,899.22 Less amount shown to have been received from sales of property, rent of buildings, & c ______ 12 005,976.93 446,372,922.29 Leaving an outstanding balance due June 30, 1865, of 59,803,640.15 Which is made up as follows, viz: 1. Amount of requisitions drawn in favor of officers and not taken up in their accounts received at this office, viz: In the fiscal yearl862 $996,287.87 In the fiscal yearl863 417,988.00 Inthefiscalyearl864 447,916.00 Inthefiscalyearl86s 8,528,557.99 Total 2. Amount of advances made to officers for disbursements not taken up, as ascertained from the accounts received at this office, viz: Inthefiscalyearl864 $615,660.55 Inthefiscalyearl86s 4,176,717.71 Total 3. Amount in the hands of officers and agents, accounted for as balances due the Government, ascertained upon examination of their last accounts received - 10,390,749.86 4,792,378.26 44,620,512.03 The amounts paid during the fiscal year ending June 30,1865 (including those for purchases iuade and services rendered in the preceding fiscal year, and not included in the last annual report), as ascertained from the accounts which passed the required administrative examination of this office, were, viz: 1. For regular supplies, viz: Fuel $3,159,423.61 Forage 50,584,487.59 Straw 191,175.28 Stationery 618,688.65 54,553, 775.0 Page 252 252 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. 2. For incidental expenses of the Army, viz: Postage $150,379.92 Expenses of courts-martial 203,836.79 Expressandescorts 21,650.46 Burial expenses 128,940.12 Guides, interpreters, and spies 167,262.43 Clerksandagents 1,883,582.07 Pay of wagon and forage masters 4,116.61 Laborers 4,012,721.91 Soldiers on constant labor 378,428.22 Hire of veterinary surgeons 28,041.01 Office furniture 90,961.54 Medicines for horses and other animals 107,522.79 Forges, blacksmiths and shoeing tools 131,740.55 Horse and mule shoes, nails, iron, and steel, for shoeing 1,580,337.68 Picket rope 457.36 Apprehension of deserters 450,202.16 3. Cavalry and artillery horses 4. Transportation and supply of prisoners, & c 5. Telegraph for military purposes, and expenses in operating thesame 6. Barracks and quarters, viz: Forrent $1,562,140.28 For repairs and construction 5,778,531.51 7. Mileagetransportation of officers and baggage 8. Transportation, viz: Of clothing $268,588.38 Of subsistence 1,620,087.39 Of ordnance 476,235.38 Of troops and supplies 80,776,781.72 9. Purchase of stoves 10. For material for and amount expended in the purchase and preparation of clothing, camp and garrison equipage --- 11. Collecting, drilling, and organizing volunteers 12. For the construction and maintenance of the gun-boat fleet proper 13. For the purchase, construction, and maintenance of steam rams 14. Special expenditures for other departments, and under special appropriations, viz: For Medical Department - - $86,881.86 For Ordnance Department - - - - 27,921.63 ForPayDepartment 9,937.14 For Subsistence Department 2,449.53 For Engineer Department 30,675.33 For Adjutant-Generals Department - - 2,564.50 For Army contingencies 89,515.15 For Provost-Marshal-Generals Depart- ment 4,220.46 For Signal Service 175.88 Less amount of errors, & c., ascertained in officers accounts - -- 60,366,382.20 226, 151,492.51 32, 130.27 Total 226,119,362.24 From the above statement it will be seen that during the past year accounts to the amount of $226,119,362.24 have passed the official examination of this office, prior to transmission to the Treasury for final examination and settlement. They number 7,066; and 12,189 accounts remain in this office to be examined, relating to disbursements, amounting to $458,378,899.22. During the year preceding the last annual report from this office the accounts examined and transmitted to the Treasury covered disbursements to the amount of $284,809,697.72. $9, 340,181.62 10,749,054.35 156,240.39 245,420.27 7,340,671.79 258,073.94 83,141,692.87 309,623.71 59,307,028.77 9,292.08 295. 177.91 190,918.2 Page 253 UNION AUTHORITIES. 253 Abstract of appropriations for the Quartermasters bepartment for the fiscal years 186~?1866, including arrearages for 1861. Cs e ~ Heads of appropriations. a ,~ ~ C~ ~r~4 Quartermasters Department $14, 265, 059. 37 $13, 000, 000. 00 Incidental expenses oC the Quarter- 7, 666, 666. 00 6, 000, 000. 00 masters Department. Purchase of horses 10, 514,500.00 $1, 661, 040. 00 5, 000, 000. 00 Barracks, quarters, & c.. . 1, 500, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 Transportation of the Army 16, 220, 954. 00 14, 881, 000. 00 22, 000, 000. 00 Transportntion of officers baggage. - 500, 000.00 Clothing of the Army 13, 416, 037.02 12, 173, 546. 77 29, 000, 000. 00 Military telegraph. . - Transportation of prisoners 1, 000, 000.00 Appropriation for stoves Collecting, organizing, and drilling $5, 000, 000. 00 volunteers. Construction, & c., of steam rams Gun-boats for Western rivers 1,000,000. 00 Contingencies of the Army 200, 000.00 Total 65, 083, 216. 39 5, 000, 000. 00 28, 715, 586. 77 76, 500, 000. 00 ab~ ai~ O ~ ~ 0 - ,~ Heads of appropriations. a 0 u ~a ~-a a ,~ 0~0~ Quartermasters Department $3j1, 912, 000. 00 $6, 000, 000.00 $67, 217, 791. 00 $18, 500, 000. 00 Incideiital expenses of the Quarter. 20, 836, 750. 00 19, 125, 000. 00 2, 000, 000. 00 masters Department. Purchase of horses 5, 400, 000. 00 11,000, 000. 00 23, 189, 375. 00 17, 500, 000.00 Barracks, quarters, & c 4, 234, 000. 00 1, 730, 000.00 8, 000, 000. 00 3, 500, 000. 00 Transportation of the Army 40,000, 000. 00 25, 000, 000. 00 56, 500, 000. 00 30, 000, 000. 00 Transportation of officers baggage 1, 291, 600. 00 1, 000, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 Clothing of the Army 39, 322, 513.25 27, 136,000.00 76, 281, 911.54 7, 000,000.00 Military telegraph 500, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 Transportation of prisoners 3, 373, 728. 00 I 1, 500, 000. 00 Appropriation for stoves 90, 000. 00 140, 000. 00 Collectiag, organizin,,, and drilling volunteers. Construction, & c., of steam rams 580, 000.00 450, 000. 00 Gun-boats for Western rivers 2, 560, 000. 00 Contingencies of the Army 500, 000. 00 600. 001). 00 Total 155, 100, 591. 25 71, 316, 000. 00 253, 434, 077. 54 78, 600, 000. 0 Page 254 254 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Abstract of appropriations for the Quartermasters Department for the fiscal years 186~1866, including arrearages for 1861Continued. 6 C-Co. -~O. o ~ Co Co Co OC~ Heads of appropriations. -~ ~ C.. ~ 6 0,50 000 C-CiO C~W0 CU OCC6~z OCO~ OC,O~ o H Quartermasters Department $60, 000, 000. 00 $20, 000, 000. 00 $50, 000, 000. 00 $285, 894, 850. 37 Incidental expenses of the Quarter. 13, 000, 000. 00 1, 000,000. 00 10, 000, 000.00 79, 628, 416. 00 masters Department. Purchase of horses 21, 000, 000. 00 7, 600, 000. 00 21, 000, 000. 00 123,864, 915. 00 Barracks, quarters, & c 5, 000, 000. 00 2,000,000. 00 5, 000, 000. 00 31, 464, 000. 00 Transportation of the Army 40, 000, 000.00 19, 856, 137. 00 30,000, 000. 00 294, 458. 091. 00 Transportation of officers baggage.. 700, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 4. 091, 600. 00 Clothing of the Army 58,000, 000. 00 30, 000, 000. 00 50, 000, 000. 00 342, 330, 008. 58 Military telegraph 275, 000. 00 725, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 2, 500, 000. 00 Transportation of prisoners 900, 000. 00 2, 000, 000. 00 1, 000, 000. 00 9, 773, 728.00 Appropriation for stoves 100, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 430, 000. 00 Collecting, organizing, and drilling 5, 000, 000. 00 volnnteers. Construction, & c., of steam rams 275, 000. 00 I - - 1, 305, 000. 00 Gun-boats for Western rivers I 3, 500, 000. 00 Contingencies of the Army 400, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 2, 100, 000. 00 Total 199, 250, 000. 00 83, 181, 137.00 168, 100, 000. 00 1, 184, 300, 608. 95 Special appropriation entered May 23, 1864, for clothing, & c., of 100 000, 000. 00 days volunteers. NOTEAppropriations for contingencies of the Army, though included in the annual estimates of the Quartermaster-General, have not of late years been expended under his direction; they are not, therefore, included in the summing up of the appropriations for the Quartermasters Department in this table. No. 2. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, FIRST DIVISION, Washington, D. 0., October 17, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, Quartermas- ter-Generals Office, dated July 1, 1865, I have the honor to submit the following annual report, embracing the operations of this division for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, together with general statements of operations up to the present date, as required by circular from the Quartermaster-General of the 24th of July, 1865: My annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, was for- warded to the Quartermaster-General, from this division, on the 27th of September, 1864. During the last fiscal year, and up to the present time, I have been stationed at Washington, D. C., continuing to perform the duties of chief quartermaster of the Cavalry Bureau, to which I had been assigned, by order of the War Department, on the 27th of December, 1863, relieving Lieut. Col. C. G. Sawtelle. In addition to these duties I have, since the 2d of August, 1864, performed those pertaining to the office of colonel and brevet brigadier-general in charge of the First Division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office, having been assigned, by order of the War Department, to these duties at the date just men- tioned, under the act of Congress of July 4, 1864, to provide for the better organization of the Quartermasters Department Page 255 UNION AUTHORITIES. 255 As chief quartermaster of the Cavalry Bureau I was charged with the purchase aud supply of all animals required for the cavalry branch of the service, under the immediate orders of Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, chief of staff, and subsequently under those of Lieutenant- General Grant. As the officer in charge of the First Division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office, I was charged with the purchase, pro- curement, and disposition of horses and mules for cavalry, artillery, wagon and ambulance trains, and all other purposes for which horses and mules may be procured for the armies of the United States. The duties of both these assignments I still continue to discharge. It is a source of great satisfaction to me that during the great campaigns immediately preceding the downfall of the rebellion, as indeed in preceding operations against the enemy, the Cavalry Bureau and this division were enabled, with the energetic co-operation of the various quartermasters and assistant quartermasters at the several purchasing depots under my direction, to meet promptly all requisi- tions for the supply of public animals to our gallant armies in the field. The animals thus furnished were generally of a very good quality, owing to the rigid character of the inspection made by the inspecting officers, who were governed in their actions by General Orders, No. 43, of the Quartermaster-General, series 1864. As the war progressed those furimished to the Armies of the Potomac and James, especially, were so superior as to elicit the commendation of Bvt. Maj. Gen. Rufus Ingalls, chief quartermaster, from whose indorsement of November 30, 1864, forwarding estimate of public animals required for these armies for the month of December, 1864, the following is an extract: The supply (of animals) is already very good, and it is proper to state that the artillery and cavalry horses sent to these armies during the past three months have been the best we have received during the war. Testimonials of a similar character were received during the past year from chief quartermasters in the armies of the South and Southwest. The business of my office does not require the rendition of either of the statements called for in paragraphs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of General Orders, No. 39, Quartermaster-Generals Office, current series. It will be seen by statement herewith that under the immediate direction of the several officers in charge of purchasing depots within the control of the Cavalry Bureau and First Division, Quartermaster- Generals Office, there were purchased as follows, viz: CAVALRY HORSES. From January 1,1864, to June 30, 1864, per last report 48,719 From January 1, 1864, to June 30, 1864, per reports subsequently received 3,037 Total from January 1,1864, to June 30,1864 51,756 From June 30,1864,to December 31. 1864 98,555 From January 1, 1865, to May 9, 1865, when purchase ceased 43,077 Total purchased during the year ending June 30, 1865 ____ 141 632 Total purchased from January 1,1864, to May 9,1865 193,388 ARTILLERY HORSES. FronmSeptember 1,1864,to December31, 1864 1~,453 FromJanuary 1, 1865, toMay 9, 1865 ___ 8261 Total purchased from September 1, 1864, to May 9 1865 20 71 Page 256 256 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. MULES. From September 1,1864, to December 31,1864 20,711 From January 1, 1865, to May 9, 1865 25,210 Total purchased from September 1, 1864, to May 9, 1865 45,921 There are no records on file in this office by which the number of animals purchased by the Cavalry Bureau prior to January 1, 1864, can be determined. Reports to this office of purchases of artillery horses and mules date from September 1, 1864. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, the pri& es paid for cavalry horses ranged from $144 per head (the lowest contract price) to $185 per head (the highest market price). From September 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865, the prices paid for artillery horses ranged from $161 to $185 per head, and dnring the latter period the prices paid for mnle~ ranged from $170 to $195 per head. The average (approximate) prices are given in the tabular statement herewith. The following is a statement of the number of public animals sold and died at the several depots since the 1st of January, 1864, viz: CAVALRY HORSES. SoldfromJanuaryl,1864,toJune3o,1864 5,845 SoldfromJune 30, 1864, to December31, 1864 8,598 SoldfromJanuary 1,1865, toJune 30,1865 25,627 Total sold from January 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865 40,070 Died from January 1, 1864, to June 30, 1864 8,434 Died from June 30, 1864, to December 31, 1864 13,662 Died from January 1, 1865, to June 30, 1865 -- - - 16, 181 Total died from January 1,1864, to June 30, 1865 38,277 ARTILLERY HORSES. Of artillery horses none were reported as sold from September 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865. Died from September 1,1864, to December 31, 1864 176 Died from January 1, 1865, to June 30, 1865 258 Total died from September 1,1864, to June 30, 1865. 434 MULES. Sold from September 1,1864, to December 31, 1864 287 Sold from January 1, 1865, to June 30,1865 - 13, 192 Total sold from September 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865 13,479 Died from September 1, 1864, to December 31, 1864 1,230 Died from January 1, 1865, to June 30, 1865 6,106 Total died from September 1,1864, to June30 1865 - 7,336 Of unserviceable stock received at depots for recuperation, the returns to this office are not sufficiently complete to enable me to pronounce the exact proportion restored to ability for service. Observations made at several depots during limited periods indicate 60 per cent. as about the proportion so restored. It is a matter of regret that, although several attempts have beeim made by this office to procure returns of the destruction of animals in the field, suc Page 257 UNION AUTHORITIES. 257 returns have not been obtained. Without doubt this destruction has been very great, especially in the army operating in the Shenandoah Valley under General Sheridan. The issues of cavalry horses to this force were at the rate of three remounts per annum. Following this is the report of animals purchased and issued at the several depots referred to and also statement of quartermasters property, marked A. Report of the purchase and issue of cavalry horses at depots under direction of the Cavalry Bureau during the six months ending December 31, 1864.* SUMMARY TO FOREGOING TABLE. On hand at depots July 1, 1864 17, 507 Issued to departments 121,521 Purchased July 1 to December 31, 1864 98, 555 Sold 8, 598 Received from sundry sources 60,050 Lost, destroyed, and died 13, 662 Received from artillery (transferred) 1,545 Transferred to artillery 4,014 On hand December 31, 1864 29,862 Total 177, 657 Total 177, 657 Report of the purchase and issue of cavalry horses at depots under direction of the First Division, Quartermaster-Generals Office, during the six months ending June 30, 1865.* SUMMARY. On hand at depots January 1,1865 29, 862 Issued to departments 59, 835 Purchased from January 1 to May 9, 1865 43, 077 Sold 25, 627 Received from sundry sources 42,424 Lost, destroyed, and died 16, 181 Received from artillery (transferred) 2,827 Transferred to artillery 1,630 On hand June 30, 1865 14,917 Total 118,190 Total ... 118,190 Report of the purchase and issue of artillery horses at depots under direction of the First Division, Quartermaster-Gcneral8 Office, from September 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865.* SUMMARY TO FOREGOING TABLE. On hand at depots September 1, 1864 346 Issued to departments 15,683 Purchased from September 1, 1864, to May Lost, destroyed, and died 434 9, 1865 20, 714 Transferredto cavalry 4,372 Received from sundry sources 890 On hand June 30, 1865 3,475 Received from cavalry (transferred) 2,014 Total 23, 964 Total 23, 964 NoTE.Average price only approximate. Number shown on report of cavalry as transferred to artillery, 5,644; number shown ou report of artillery as received from cavalry, 2,014; difference, 3,630. Explained thus: Artillery horses sent to Giesborough were received as cavalry and afterward trans. ferred to artillery. Report of the purchase and issue of mules at depots under direction of the First Divis ion, Quartermaster-Generals Office, from September 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865.* SUMMARY TO FOREGOING TABLE. On hand at depots September 1, 1864 15, 885 Issued to departments 61,911 Purchased September 1, 1864, to June 30, Sold 13,479 1865 45,921 Lost, destroyed, and died 7,336 Received from sundry sources 57, 089 On hand at depots June 30, 1865 36, 169 Total 118,895 Total 118,895 A.Statement of quartermasters property for the fiscal year ending June30, 1865. t SALES OF PUBLIC ANIMALS. As far as returns to this office indicate, there has been sold since the 8th of May last, in accordance with General Orders, No. 28, Quartermaster-Generals Office, current series, the following number * Omitted, except the Summary. See foot-note (*), p. 249. t Omitted. See pp. 134, 135 of the Executive Document referred to in foot-note (*) p. 249. 17 B RSERIES III, VOL Page 258 258 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. of animals, viz, 53,794 horses and 52,516 mules, for which the sum of $6,107,618.14 was received. It is probable that when full returns shall have been received the total amount of sales of animals from the 8th of May last up to the present time will be found to be upward of seven millions of dollars. As required by the provisions of General Orders, No. 42, Quarter- master-Generals Office, current series, these sales, with one or two exceptions, have been conducted by employ6s of this department, and this course has in all cases proved more advantageous to the Gov- ernment than the employment of the professional auctioneers of any one locality for sales in that locality. The prices obtained by employ~s are generally greater than those secured by local auctioneers. The success of this division in supplying the armies in the field has been mainly attributable to the zeal and fidelity of the officers acting under its orders, among whom I would mention Bvt. Gol. C. H. Tompkins, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. Capt. Jugham Coryell, assistant quartermaster, late in charge at Saint Louis, Mo. Capt. L. Loury Moore, assistant quartermaster, New York City. Capt. George T. Browning, assistant quartermaster, Giesborough, D.C. Capt. E. C. Wilson, assistant quartermaster, Buffalo, N. Y. Capt. J. L. Trumbull, assistant quartermaster, Saint Louis, Mo. Capt. C. Hay, assistant quartermaster, Washington, D. C. Capt. D. W. McClung, assistant quartermaster, Cincinnati, Ohio. Capt. E. C. Reichenbach, assistant quartermaster, Harrisburg, Pa. Capt. J. M. Bradshaw, assistant quartermaster, late at Chicago, Ill. Capt. H. A. Du Puy, assistant quartermaster, Syracuse, N. Y. Capt. C. II. Gallagher, assistant quartermaster, Wilmington, Del. In the claim department I have had the valuable assistance of Bvt. Maj. J. T. Powers, assistant quartermaster. All these have served faithfully and energetically, and I take pleas- ure in bearing this testimony to the Quartermaster-General. The following is a statement of public moneys received and dis- bursed by me during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865: OnhandJulyl,1864 $3,254,732.42 Received from officers during the year 373,888.75 Received from Treasury Department 4,851,800.00 Received from sales of property, & c 20,657.67 Total 8,501,078.84 Expended $3,719,070.13 Transferred to officers 4,295,963.72 8,015,033.85 Remaining on hand June 30,1865 -. .-.~ - 486,044.99 Deposited as follows: First National Bank, Washington 483,192.28 Onhand 2,852.71 486,044.99 Estimates made by various quartermasters for the purchase of animals during the fiscal year approved by me: For the purchase of horses $23,600,456.66 For the purchase of mules~ - 6,434,637.66 Total. 30,035,094.3 Page 259 UNION AUTHORITIES. 259 CLAIMS. The business in the claim branch of this division has been increasing rapidly since the passage of the act of Congress of July 4, 1864. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, the whole number of claims, regular and miscellaneous, filed amounts to 4,174. Number acted on 2,792 Number not acted on 1,382 Total 4,174 Very little progress has been made in the adjustment of these claims, as previous to January 1, 1865, only 800 had been filed, 3,374 having been filed during the last six mouths. Considering the many disadvantages under which officers of this department labored in the discharge of their duties in the field, and the necessity of intrusting important positions to acting quarter- masters, I find claims for animals taken for public use by them to be comparatively easy of adjustment, as, with but few exceptions, the proper accountability has been rendered except in cases where records and papers have been captured or destroyed by the enemy; hence the great mass of claims filed is for property taken by unauthorized offi- cers of the Army, not accountable to this department. The following difficulties are met with in the adjudication of these claims, viz: First. Where memoranda receipts are given and the signatures of the officers certifying are unknown, and the only evidence the claim- ants can furnish that the officers took the property are the receipts themselves, great difficulty and embarrassment result from not being able to determine the genuineness of the signatures. Before the mus- ter out of service of the troops it was the practice to communicate by letter with the officers themselves. The number of receipts given by irresponsible and unknown parties in the name of officers has attached suspicion to many claims, no doubt just and equitable, which I do not feel satisfied to pass upon without the verification of the officers signature. Second. Where memoranda receipts have not been given I am of opinion that the interests of the Government cannot be sufficiently protected by adjudicating these claims upon the ex parte evidence, which under present regulations can only be procured. As a gen- eral rule, just and equitable decisions cannot be given upon evidence presented by claimants unless the department can adopt some practice of examining witnesses in the locality where the claims originate. Proof of loyalty seems to be so easily procured that from the records of this division it would seem that few have ever been disloyal, and I respectfully suggest that an additional guard be thrown around this kind of evidence; at least to require officers and witnesses to state their reasons for believing the claimants to have been loyal at the dates the claims originated. The kind and character of evidence furnished in support of the great mass of these claims are insufficient to satisfy me that the property has been actually received or taken for the use of and used by the U. S. Army. As the act is now construed a very limited number of the claims on file will be allowed, and if a more liberal construc- tion is given in regard to the phrase proper officer, I would respect- fully suggest that a board of officers be appointed in each military department to examine and report upon these claims Page 260 260 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. In closing this report I cannot but express to the Quartermaster- General my high appreciation of the uniform kindness and courtesy he has extended toward me in the discharge of my official duties, and I feel grateful to that Providence who chooses the bounds of our habi- tations for having assigned me, during the prevalence of the great slaveholders rebellion, to a department of mammoth proportions and of great responsibility, under the guidance and direction of an officer of distinguished ability, with whom I have had such delightful per- sonal and official intercourse. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES A. EKIN, Bvt. Brig. Gen., in Charge First Division, Q. 31. G. 0. No. 3. Statement of claims (regular and miscellaneous) filed in the First Division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office durnng the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, and from July 1, 1865, to October 20, 1865, showing the number paid, referred, and recommended for settlement, the number rejected and suspended, and the number not acted on, with their respective amounts. Claims filed. Date. ____ ___________ Num- Amount. Num- ber. her. From July 1, 1864, to Dec. 800 $248,472. 60 694 $211, 150. 60 $22, 050. 00 31, 1864. From Jan. 1, 1865, to 3, 374 1, 097, 100. 00 981 356, 750. 00 529, 119.00 June 30, 1865. Total during the 4, 174 1, 345, 572. 60 1, 675 567, 900. 60 551, 169.00 fiscal year. From July 1, 1865, to Oct. 3, 781 1, 357,486.00 210 74, 514. 00 11,047.00 1,271, 925. 00 20, 1865. _____ Total 7, 955 2, 703, 058.60 1,885 642,414. 60 1,148 237,550.00 4922 1, 823, 094.00 Many claims entered in the column of rejected and suspended have been rejected for want of evidence or accountability for the property, and may come before the department again; hence the impossibility of discriminating between rejected and suspended. Many of the claims entered in the column of not acted on are under investigation. Respectfully submitted. JAMES A. EKIN, Bvt. Brig. Gen., in Charge First Division, Q. 111. G. 0. FIRST DIvISIoN, QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, November 8, 1865. No. 4. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., October 19, 1865. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: In response to the circular of the Quartermaster-General of July 24, 1865, requiring reports of the operations of the several 226, 503. 00 Paid, andrec for settlement. 79 $15, 272.00 27 1,038 211,231.00 1,355 1, 117 1,382 31 3, 54 Page 261 UNION AUTHORITIES. 261 divisions of the office during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, I have the honor to submit the following tabular statements collected from the tables submitted to this office, in conformity with orders therefrom based upon the circular above referred to: 1. Statement of number of articles on hand and not transferred to the armies for issue June 30, 1864, showing the points at which they were stored. 2. Statement of quantity of material purchased during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, showing the quantity and cost of each kind and where purchased; also total quantity and cost of all. 3. Statement of number of articles of clothing and equipage pur- chased and manufactured during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, showing the quantity and cost of each kind, where purchased or man- ufactured; also total quantity and cost of all. 4. Statement of number of articles on hand and not transferred to the armies for issue, June 30, 1865, showing the points at which they were stored. 5. Statement showing the aggregate expenditure for the purchase of clothing, equipage, and material at the purchasing depots of New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. 6. Statement showing quantity of material purchased at the depots of New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati since May, 1861. 7. Statement showing the number of principal articles of clothing and equipage purchased at the depots of New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati since May, 1861. 8. Statement showing the highest and lowest prices paid by the department for articles of clothing and equipage during the past four years of war. These tables present in compact form the operations of the cloth- ing and equipage division during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, and, as far as the reports that have been received to date will permit, the operations during the last four years of war. The clothing and equipage supplied to the Army during the last fiscal year have been procured by purchase and manufacture at the principal depots of Philadelphia, New York, and Cincinnati, and in relatively small quantities at Saint Louis, Quincy, Ill., Steubenville, Ohio, and at Milwaukee, where the work was distributed among the needy relatives of soldiers in the ranks of the Union Army. The material required for the manufacture of these large supplies has been drawn from our own markets, and has generally been made from native products. Although very large demands have been made on the department during the past year, they have in no case exceeded its ability to pro- duce and issue with promptitude the supplies required for the Army in its most extended operations. Perhaps the most prominent instance of the kind was the successful supply of Shermans army after its triumphant march through the Southern States to the sea-coast, where it found at the right time and in the right places everything needed in this branch of the department. The articles were shipped principally from the depot at New York upon short notice, and it is due to your own foresight and the promptness and energy of the officers in charge of the clothing and the transportation branches at New York that the success was so complete Page 262 262 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. The tabular statements herewith will afford more precise knowledge upon the points referred to than could be given in narrative. The results are that there has been produced during the year material amounting to $21,416, 818.84; equipage, $13,515, 305.09; clothing, ~70,087,282. 20making the expenditures for all objects, including payment of rents, compensation to employ& ~s, & c., more than $105,019,406. 13. The commencement of the war found the department prepared only for the supply of the old Armya force on paper of about 13,000 men, with an actual strength seldom exceeding 10,000. The supplies of clothing and equipage for this force had been drawn entirely from the Schuylkill Arsenal, at Philadelphia, where they were manufac- tured under the supervision of the officers in charge from materials purchased for the purpose. The sudden expansion of this small army to the great armies called into existence to quell the rebellion rendered necessary corresponding changes in the administration and operations of the clothing branch of the Quartermasters Department. The manufacturing of clothing was increased to the greatest limit possible, employing from 8,000 to 10,000 operatives at once. Yet this force was found unequal to the task before it, and it was soon evident that other sources must be called upon to assist in meeting the demands made upon the department. Two other principal depots were established in the summer of 1861, at New York and Cincinnati, respectively, and under the charge of energetic and skillful officers enabled the department to furnish supplies nearly as rapidly as required. Both the manufacture and purchase by contract of the various articles required were pursued at Philadelphia, New York, and Cin- cinnati, the manufacture alone not being of itself a sufficient source of supply. Many of the regiments called into service were clothed and equipped through the agency of their State authorities. In some cases where authority had been given them by the War Department the States were reimbursed through the Quartermasters Department, after the examination of each account and its reference to the proper disburs- ing officer for settlement, as in the case of his own purchases. In other cases States were reimbursed by the United States through the Treasury Department under a special act of Congress to that effect. The necessity of resorting to this method of partial supply soon passed away with the more perfect organization of the department, and since the first year of the war the department has been able to meet with alacrity every call made upon it. Depots for the manufacture and purchase of army clothing and equipage, in addition to that at Schuylkill Arsenal, have been estab- lished during the war at New York, under General Vinton; at Cin- cinnati, under Capt. J. II. Dickerson, but since his resignation it has been under the charge of Col. W. W. MeKim and Col. C. W. Moulton; at Quincy, Ill., for the benefit of suffering LTnion refugees and rela- tives of Union soldiers, under the charge of Capt. N. Flagg, assistant quartermaster; and for similar objects at Steubenville, Ohio, under Capt. Alexander Conn, assistant quartermaster. Saint Louis, Mo., was also at an early date made a prominent point for the manufac- ture of clothing, to give relief to impoverished operatives, friends of the Union cause in that city Page 263 UNION AUTHORITIES. 263 Purchases, except when specially authorized to be made in small quantities at other points, have only been made at the three depots of New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati. At all others the arti- cles manufactured have been made from material sent from one of the three last named, generally from Philadelphia. The object for which these smaller depots were established seems to have been fully accomplished, and the department has been well and economically provided with good serviceable garments near the points at which they were wanted for issue. The smaller depots above mentioned have, since the termination of hostilities in the field, been broken up, in compliance with orders from the Secretary of War, and the garments moved to the central depots of Saint Louis and Cincinnati. Col. W. W. McKim, in charge of the Schuylkill Arsenal, calls the attention of the department to the importance of substituting fire- proof buildings for the wooden structures now in nse as store-houses at that depot. The value of the property now stored there is about ~20,000,000, and is in constant danger from fire. Locomotives pass along the entire length of the wall on the northeru side many times every day and night. Colonel McKim reports that he has rearranged the stores, endeavoring to place the most valuable in the brick buildings; but much of it still remains in the wooden sheds, put np under pressing emergencies during the war. I respectfully recommend that the brick buildings at present com- posing the permanent store-houses of the arsenal be enlarged and altered, so that they may be of sufficient dimensions to meet the increased wants of the service in this particular. No purchase of land would be necessarysimply the enlargement of the present buildings as they now stand, on ground owned by the Government. It is not deemed necessary to submit details, unless the general plan shall be adopted. The matter, however, is one of much importance, and I hope it will meet with due consideration by the department. The experience of the past war has developed the fact that exact uniformity of texture and quality of material and articles are in some respects not altogether practicable. The department will, however, from that experience, be enabled to arrive at exactly what the markets of the country can afford, and thereby determine such standards as are attainable by the majority of dealers, and at the same time equal to the requirements of the case. I recommend such modifications where they are necessary. The quantity of clothing and equipage reported on hand June 30, 1865, being nearly the full supply preparatory to any demand that might possibly have been made during the past summer, is large in view of the much reduced forces. I am of the opinion, though, that were these articles forced upon the market for sale, being of that description for which there is no demand outside of the Army, the sacrifice would be greater than any loss that may result from damage while in store. As to the material, much of it I believe might be sold to advantage, and I shall submit special reports recommending such disposition to be made of it. The prices of clothing and equipage during the war were constantly advancing, and kept pace with the fluctuations of the Governmen Page 264 264 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. currency. I have submitted in illustration of this fact a statement showing the highest and lowest prices paid from the beginning to the end of the war. It will be observed that the prices of many impor- tant articles have more than doubled, and in some instances they have even quadrupled their former value. The complaints received from the armies as to the inferior quality of clothing and equipage have been very few, and have principally been confined to articles of eqaipage, especially knapsacks and haver- sacks, which, being manufactured from painted cloth, are from their nature subject to great deterioration, particularly when packed together, as they necessarily must be for transportation and economy of storage. It is generally concaded that the supplies have been of the most serviceable quality, and furnished in plentiful quantities. The tabular statements submitted herewith do not include the pur- chases made by State authorities, the accounts for which have gener- ally been settled by the Treasury Department under act of Congress, and from appropriation therefor not estimated for by this depart- ment. They will give, however, in condensed form, full information as to the operations of the division of clothing and equipage during the last fiscal year, as well as interesting information concerning its oper- ations during the last four years of war. Respectfully submitted. ALEX. J. PERRY, Colonel, Quartermaster, in Charge Second Division. No. 5. Monthly statement of clothing reported on hand at the various clothing depots for June 30, 1864.* No. 6. Monthly statement of camp and garrison equipage reported on hand at the various clothing depots for June 30, 1864. * Omitted. This statement and No. 6 (following) are printed in Vol. IV, this series, pp. 907912 Page 265 UNION AUTHORITIES. 265 No. 7. Statement of quantity of material purchased during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1866. Philadelphia. New York. 0 a . a Articles. 0 ~ 0 0 aa ~ a ,~ a S a S ~ 0 -d~ 9 ~ o ~ H Alpaca~ black yards.. Bunting, red, white, and blue .. .pieces.. Burlaps yards.. Buckles, pantaloon gross.. Buttons do... Braid, 4-inch, scarlet yards.. Crayons, tailors boxes.. Cloth: Dark blue, 4 yards.. Dark blue, 1 do... Scarlet facing, do... White facing, 4 do... S.B.facing,4 do... Cord, tent lacing pounds.. Cotton, sewing spools.. Duck, cotton yards.. Drillinf cotton, 4 do... Canton,4 do... Gray twilled, 4 do.. Blue wool, 4 do... Bluewool,4 do... Opera do... Hooks and eyes gross.. Kerseys: Sky.blue, 4 yards.. Sky.blue, 4 do... Dark,4 do... Linings do... Linen, brown do... Lace: Worsted do... Silk do... Leather: Wax upper ..feet.. Sole pounds.. Welt .do... Muslin delaine, light.blue yards.. Muslin: Bleached, 4 do... lITnbleached do... Padding, canvas do... Rope: Baling pounds.. Yarn do... Bolt do... Silesia, black yards.. Silk, yellow floss pounds.. Thread do... Twine do... Twine, cotton dozen.. Tent line, manila pounds.. Wadding dozen.. Webbing yards.. Webbing, linen, 14 do... 16, 5734 1, 174 150, 166 2,405 208, 694 42, 192 1,000 356, 6271 43, 3581 1, 3851 821 1,3111 7,1101 81, 400 22, 5151 666, 0294 654,511 2. 120, 096 193, 959 1, 892, 823 3, 000 353,7771 3, 687, 8274 2,5254 899, 696 13, 8761 2, 160, 458 36, 149 530, 2754 416,1001 28, 1074 1,012 5244 683,9814 119, 7264 13, 843 5, 002 5, 6454 88, 9924 10 69, 6444 5, 7294 8114 2, 5774 16,500 783, 622 11, 2324 $0. 51 17.90 .344 52}4 32$ 60 5.254 3.40 4.00 5.83 5.17k 38 .104 .714 51 .524 51$ 1.Olisr 95j4 23~ 2.484 1.594 2.19 .614 .66 314 55 .51 69 27 .46 .214 124 15 .30 .304 15.95 3. 144 .271 1.684 .854 .041 .034 $8, 452. 35 21, 015. 00 51,808.11 1,273.55 67, 739. 15 439. 42 600. 00 1, 874, 077.51 147, 418. 90 5, 542. 00 482. 42 6, 793.25 2,777.98 9, 069. 75 16, 064.40 339, 669. 79 344, 033.04 1, 097, 066. 84 372, 048. 62 1, 815, 389. 33 696. 00 879, 137.08 5, 891, 304. 83 5, 530. 29 533, 600. 09 9, 159. 80 94, 159.68 10, 784.04 167, 699. 69 228, 800.27 14, 553.53 698.28 16, 000 $976. 20 141.61 314,328. 25 25,671.34 1, 761.40 750. 30 1,693.65 26,895. 02 159.50 219, 033. 12 2,752.71 1,367.25 700. 20 14, 175.00 37, 828. 85 421. 2 Page 266 266 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 7.Statement of quantity of material purchased during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1865Continued. Cincinnati. a a. 412 ,~ a. a a a P2.c Articles, a 12 a. a a 0 ,~ 0 a ,0P2 a~ aa 9*~ a ~ P2 sa 5+ a a Z H H H Alpaca, black yards.. Bunting, red, white, and blue .. .pieces.. Burlaps yards.. Buckles, pantaloon gross.. Buttons do.. Braid, kinch, scarlet yards.. Crayons, tailors boxes.. Cloth: Dark blue, ~ yards.. Dark blue, ~ do... Scarlet facing, ~ do... White facing, ~ do... S.B.facing.~ do... Cord, tent lacing pounds.. Cotton, sewing spools.. Duck, cotton yards.. Drilling, cotton, ~ Flannel: Canton,* do... Gray twilled, ~ do... Blue wool, ~ do... Blue wool, ~ do... Opera do... Hooks and eyes gross.. Kerseys: Sky.blue, ~ yards.. Sky.hlue, ~ do... Dark,* do... Linings do... Linen, brown do... Lace: Worsted do... Silk do... Leather: Wax upper feet.. Sole pounds.. Welt do... Muslin delaine, light.blue yards.. Muslin: Bleached, ~ do... Unbleached do... Padding, canvas do... Rope: Baling pounds.. Yarn do... Bolt do... Silesia, black yards.. Silk, yellow floss pounds.. Thread do... Twine do... Twine, cotton dozen.. Tent line, manila pounds.. Wadding dozen.. Webbing - yards.. Webbing, linen, 1k do... 2, 187k 102, 603k 78, 322 a16, 106 406,561 249 1,493, 131 905,341k 1, 990, 325j 1, 842, 023k 574, 945k 1,517k 1, 152 4162134 $0. 79* 324 l.07#~ 2. 07* 4.95 1.30 46k 46k 58* .90 35 1.29k $1, 740.46 33,016.42 28, 338. 63 17,464. 30 843, 295. 33 1,233.75 1, 887, 675. 01 424, 721. 22 930, 283. 56 1, 080, 118.45 519,018. 47 1,365.74 403. 20 537,466. 67 1,109,092 44,124.20 1,090 .26* 455,975* . 38* 90, 839j .28~ 461 41,337 11, 281ft 191, 788 9, 510 20, 160 40, 320 11.454 94~ .05*. 292. 00 175, 501. 39 26, 288.57 5,281. 50 80, 187.05 21,439. 69 58,829. 10 9,002.73 546. 00 2, 170. 00 18, 760* 1, 174 252, 769k 2, 405 287,016 1, 000 356, 627j 449,919k 1. 185k 331~$ 1, 313* 7, 310k 83, 400 1, 515, 666j 1, 571, 370A 2, 644, 838k 3,962,119* 193, 959 2, 467, 768k 1, 517k 4,152 353, 777k 4, 104, O4l~ 2, 525* 899, 696 13, 876k 3, 285, 550 36, 149 530, 275* 416, 100k 28, 107* 1,012 1, 614k 1, 139, 9561k 210, 566 13, 843 5,002 5, 645k 88,992k 471 110, 9811 17, 010* 811k 194, 365k 26, 010 803, 782 51, 552k aBinding. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, SECOND DIvIsIoN, October 21, 1865. $10, 192.81 21, 015. 00 84, 824. 53 1,273.55 96, 077.78 17, 903.72 600. 00 1, 874, 077. 51 970, 714. 23 5, 542. 00 1,716.17 6,793.25 2, 777.98 9, 069. 75 1, 903, 739.41 764, 391. 01 1, 274, 316. 60 2, 177, 185. 29 372, 048. 62 2,234,407.80 1,365.74 1, 099. 20 879, 137. 08 6, 428,771.50 5,530.29 533, 600.09 9,159.80 139,260.08 10, 784.04 167, 699. 69 228, 800. 27 14, 553. 53 698.28 433. 61 489, 829.64 51,959.91 1, 761.40 750. 30 1, 693.65 26, 895. 02 5,441.00 299, 220.17 24, 192.40 1,367.25 59, 529. 30 23, 177. 73 38, 374. 85 2, 591. 20 Respectfully submitted to the Quartermaster-General. ALEX. J. PERRY, Colonel, Quartermasters Department Page 267 No. 8. Statement of number of articles of clothing and equipage purchased and manufactured during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Philadelphia. New York. Articles. Purchased. Manufactured. Total pur- Total value of Purchased. chased and all articles mann- purchased and Number or Total value Number or Total value factured. manufactured. Number or Total value quantity. purchased. quantity. manufactured. quantity. purchased. Boots: Pegged Sewed Bootees: Sewed Pegged Blankets: Wool Irregular Caps: Forage Irregular Conts: Great, mounted Great, foot Artillery, uniform Infantry, uniform Lined, sacks Unlined, sacks Chevronm Crossed cannon, bras.s Crossed sabers Castles Drawers Eagles Greatcoat straps liats, uniform Hat bugles Hat cords and tassels: Infantry Artillery Cavalry Jackets: Cavalry Light artillery 22,777 251, 379 469, 353 30, 557 577, 434 22, 028 401, 748 1, 000 164, 287 182, 780 24,973 50, 000 355, 031 148, 157 50,065 50, 002 1,418,115 50,000 59,315 200, 054 50, 000 78, 900 40, 000 40,000 80,004 15, 000 $63,547.83 1, 135, 918. 85 26, 577 $140, 054. 98 1, 311, 059.37 120, 953 452, 515.41 47,814.05 3, 010, 355. 92 89,465.46 201,593.37 500. 00 2, 526, 734.06 2, 278, 352. 70 304,171.14 639, 000. 00 1,592,905.75 526,621.81 998. 66 999. 03 1, 673, 188. 10 850.00 4, 448. 62 443, 129. 06 795. 00 672 34,393 12, 683 36,217 319, 727 215, 912 170, 595 69, 778 10, 584. 00 463, 273.71 187, 962. 06 536, 735.94 1,467, 546. 93 792, 397. 04 63, 145. 90 78, 151. 36 13,207.85 7, 040. 00 6, 992. 00 735, 736.72 138, 600.00 30,824 332,282.72 29,760 320,812.80 22, 777 277, 956 590, 306 30,557 577,434 22,028 401, 748 1, 000 164, 959 217, 173 37,656 86,217 674, 758 364, 069 170, 595 50, 065 50, 002 1,487,893 50, 000 59, 315 200, 054 50, 000 78,900 40, 000 40, 000 110, 828 44, 760 $63, 547. 83 1,275,973.83 1, 763, 574. 78 47, 814. 05 3, 010, 355. 92 89, 465.46 131, 915 162, 500 240, 000 190,640 441, 000 201, 593. 37 300, 000 500.00 2,537,318.06 2, 741, 626.41 492, 133. 20 1,175,735.94 3, 060, 452. 68 1,319,022.85 63, 145. 90 998. 66 999.03 1, 751, 339. 46 850. 00 4,448.62 443,129. 06 795. 00 50, 000 150, 000 19, 000 85,500 577, 200 140, 600 19, 850 50, 700 9,700 1, 408, 000 200, 000 $420, 074. 95 c~ 716, 145. 00 Z 625,96500 0 342, 626: 72 2,755,100.00 312,000.00 0 798, 300. 00 1, 954, 500. 00 268, 830. 00 LTj 1, 148, 575. 00 ~ 2, 748, 652.00 552, 540. 00 496. 25 1,014.00 1,697.50 2, 147,490. 00 17, 660. 00 13,207.85 7,040.00 6,992.00 1,068,019.44 459,412.80 10,000 99, 400. 00 ..~.c Page 268 No. 8.Statement of number of articles of clothing and equipage purchased and manufactured, & c.Continued. Philadelphia. New York. Articles. Purchased. Manufactured. Total pur- Total 1 of Purchased. chased and all articles Number or Total value Number or Total value manu- purchased and Number or Total value quantity. purchased, quantity. manufactured. factured. manufactured. quantity, purchased. Jackets: Veteran Reserve Corps Zouave Letters Leggings Mittens, woolen Numbers Overalls Ponchos: India rubber Gutta.percha Shirts, flannel and knit Stockings Sashes Stable frocks Trousers: Footmen, S. B Mounted, S. B Irregular Blankets: Vulcanized india rubber Gutta-percha Axes: Pick.. Felling Ax.handles: Pick Felling Ax slings Bugles, extra mouthpieces Beisacks, single and double Books, company and regimental, & c Bugle cords and tassels: Artillery Cavalry Canteens, complete Canteen corks and straps 65 246, 100 164,967 10,000 495, 847 1,849,935 880 278, 239 135, 148 7,242 375, 624 35,000 11,833 55,020 29,671 50, 346 15,795 96 4,947 150 1,184 303, 847 10,000 $i09. 85 1, 111. 14 1, 011,278.48 73, 000. 00 728,895.09 786, 222.37 1,443.20 29, 966 461 3,640 467, 644 350 $194, 779. 00 4, 075. 24 6, 806.80 752, 906.84 413.00 1, 237,236.08 669, 949 3, 262, 651. 63 764,937.68 188, 873 1, 195, 566.09 23,489.20 1,567,598.20 162,250.00 16,802.86 77,908.32 4, 129.20 6, 934.89 16,245.34 218. 88 12,487.62 104.25 917. 60 99,887. 98 279.00 86.00 321,400 6,428.00 29, 966 461 65 246, 100 3,640 164, 967 10, 000 963, 491 1, 849, 935 1,230 948, 188 :124, 021 7,242 375, 624 35,000 11,833 55,020 29, 671 50, 346 15,795 96 20 4,947 150 1, 184 303, 847 331, 400 $194, 779. 00 4, 075. 24 109. 85 1, 111. 14 6,806.80 1,011,278.48 73,000.00 1, 481,801.93 786, 222. 37 1,856.20 5, 000 800 9, 900 2,000 27,000 1, 062, 800 2,001,500 4, 499, 887.71 506, 080 1,960,503.77 23,489.20 1, 567, 598.20 162, 250. 00 16, 802.86 77, 908. 32 4, 129. 20 6,934.83 16, 245. 34 218. 88 86. 00 12, 487. 62 104. 25 917.60 99, 887. 98 6, 707.00 190,000 29, 000 30,400 22, 916 20, 000 (sets) 50 $31, 750.00 5,752.00 Cl C 7, 322. 00 585. 00 133, 380. 00 0 2, 538, 096.00 ~ 920, 925.00 t!2 z Cl 2, 501, 300. 00 H Cl 919, 000. 00 44, 190. 00 53, 876.00 4,583.20 3, 600.00 2, 672. 50 1, 650.00 366, 000 261, 540.00 10,000 1,530.0 Page 269 Colors: Regimental infantry Regimental arLillery Regimental cavalry National artillery National infantry Cam p Color belt and sling Drums, complete Drumheads: Batter Snare Drum snares, sets Drumsticks and carriages Flags: General hospital Post and field Ambulance and staff Designating corps, division, and brigade Garrison Storm Recruiting Flag halliards Fifes Guidons, cavalry Hatchets Hatchet haudles Hatchet slings Haversacks, strapped Knapsacks, strapped Kettles, camp Mess-pans Pots, iron Spades and shovels Spade slings Tents: Hospital and flies Hospital Tent flies, hospital Tents, wall Tent flies, wall Tents: Common Shelter Tent.poles: Hospital Wall Common Tent.pins 282 25 S 182 665 406 2, 700 710 2,281 4,000 61 205 1,000 316 736 27,054 7, 061 16, 109 443,246 223,840 18,909 31, 971 400 37, 731 53 1,827 2, 000 2,610 3,327 3, 270 1,400 343, 694 3, 059 1,086 3,236 638, 249 19, 127. 20 1, 500. 00 221.75 10, 844. 13 1, 030. 75 1,404.76 18,435. 00 585. 10 752.73 1,070.00 512.40 1, 168. 50 1, 650.00 2,451. 10 6, 740. 00 13,541. 24 220. 65 9,537.92 402,792.11 614,844.42 17, 188.17 10,861. 49 694.46 43, 944. 27 73.67 362, 979. 33 214,460.00 110, 686. 67 169, 677.00 49, 278.90 27, 769. 00 2, 782, 576.36 22, 290. 00 1,433.52 4, 854. 00 14,611.72 282 25 5 182 665 406 2, 700 19, 127. 20 1,500.00 221.75 10, 844. 13 1, 030. 75 1,404.76 18,435. 00 200 15, 000. 00 50 3,750.00 ~~50 11,500.00 2, 000 3,340. 00 1,500 9,300.00 710 585. 10 12, 500 14,000. 00 2, 281 752.73 12, 500 3, 975. 00 4, 000 1, 070. 00 5,000 1,600.00 12 9 202 384 3 3 3 3 3 3 15,352.00 9,600.00 85. 20 ~i~0.00 150. 00 186.00 72.00 88. 50 20. 25 72. 00 73 31.50 214 1,000 316 202 384 736 27, 054 7,061 16, 109 443, 530 223, 840 18, 909 31, 971 400 37, 731 53 1, 827 2,003 2, 613 3,330 3, 273 1,403 343,697 3, 059 1,086 3,236 638, 249 584.40 1,200. 00 1,650.00 2,451.10 15,352.00 9,600.00 6,740.00 13, 541. 24 220. 65 9, 537. 92 402,877. 31 614,844.42 17, 188. 17 10,861.49 694.46 43,944. 27 73. 67 362, 979. 33 214, 910. 00 110, 836. 67 169, 863. 00 49, 350. 90 27, 857. 50 2, 782, 596. 61 22,290.00 1,433.52 4,854. 00 14,611. 72 150 160 400 1,400 300 35, 000 20, 000 232, 400 379, 000 25,000 29, 000 38,000 1, 650 100 16,700.00 Z 5,352 00 ~ 3,360:00 ~ z 546 00 2,77500 23, 650: 00 1,800.00 1, 109,910: 00 31, 550. 00 ~..3 14,380.00 ~4 48,919:00 ~ 366, 843. 50 6, 932. 00 270, 000 2, 140, 600.00 200 1,000 295, 000 772. 00 1,980.00 5,140.0 Page 270 No. 8.Statement of number of articles of clothing and equipage purchased and manufactured, & c.Continued. Articles. Boots: Pegged Sewed Bootees: Sewed Pegged Blankets: Wool Irregular Caps: Forage Irregular Coats: Great, mounted Great, foot Artillery, uniform Infantry, uniform Lined, sacks Unlined, sacks Chevrons Crossed cannon, brass Crossed sabers Castles Drawers Eagles Greatcoat straps Hats, uniform - - Rat bugles hat cords and tassels: Infantry Artillery Cavalry Jackets: Cavalry Light artillery Veteran Reserve Corps Zouave Cincinnati. Purchased. Manufactured. Total Number or Total value Number or value manu- quantity. purchased. quantity. factured. Total pur- chased and manu- factured. Total value of all articles purchased and manufac- tured. 364, 195 $1, 360, 124. 11 364, 395 $1, 360, 124. 11 27, 998 62, 049. 20 27, 998 62,049. 20 608, 516 1, 374, 770.00 608, 516 1, 374, 770.00 705, 572 4, 611, 390. 00 705, 572 4, 611, 190. 00 449,200 409,312.00 41,256 249,050 2,800 76,314 489,922 174, 235 14, 649 50,000 54, 968 86, 700 151, 981 200, 000 242, 778 154, 500 41,074 18,040 18, 028 39, 793 482, 911. 74 2, 714,013. 50 28, 588.00 797, 516.30 2, 150,469. 11 513,478. 30 1,857.19 1, 030. 50 1,120.35 2,887.12 18, 079. 99 455,833. 42 3,085.49 8,259.19 3, 608. 00 3, 389. 06 272, 378. 74 33 818 3,000 1, 110 142, 371 54,219 726, 800 103, 872 64,503 684 $319. 77 7,850.08 27,332. 50 10, 173. 15 649, 217. 06 188, 833. 02 872, 733.99 829, 909.95 510, 397. 02 3,040. 04 449, 200 409, 312. 00 41, 289 483, 230. 51 249,868 2,721,883.58 5, 800 55, 920. 50 77,424 807,689.45 632, 293 2, 799, 686. 17 228, 454 702, 311. 32 14. 649 1, 857. 19 50,000 1,030.50 54, 968 1, 120. 35 812, 500 960,300. 99 151, 981 2, 887. 12 200, 000 18, 079. 99 242, 778 455, 833.42 154,500 3,085.49 41,074 8, 259. 19 18, 040 3, 608. 00 18,028 3,389.06 143, 665 1, 102, 288.69 64, 503 510, 397. 02 684 3,040.04 Total number purcbased and manufactured at Philadelphia, New York, and Cincinnati. 519, 087 440,456 858, 304 829, 713 1,724, 006 22, 028 1, 150, 948 1, 000 256, 248 617, 041 62,456 249, 141 1, 884, 251 733, 123 185, 244 150, 065 155, 670 9, 700 3, 708, 393 201, 981 459, 315 442,832 204, 500 119, 974 58,040 ~8, 028 254, 493 119, 263 35,650 1,261 -KU Total value of all articles pur- chased and manufactured at Philadelphia, New York, and Cincinnati. $1,843,746 89 1, 992, 118: 83 0 0 2,451,588 98 ~ 1, 765, 210: 77 ~ 10,376,845 92 ~ 89, 465: 46 922, 905 37 Z 00 3,818, 848. 57 7, 418, 009. 99 816,881.70 3, 132, 000 39 8,608, 790 85 2,573,874 17 65, 003: 09 2 2, 029. 16 2,119.38 1,697. 50 4, 859,130.45 3, 737. 12 40, 188. 61 898, 962. 48 3, 880.49 21, 467. 04 10,648. 00 10,381.06 2, 170, 308. 13 1, 069, 209. 82 229, 569. 04 9,827. 2 Page 271 Letters . Leggings . Mittens, woolen Numbers Overalls Ponchos: India rubber Gutta-percha Shirts, flannel and knit Stockings Sashes Stable frock6 Trousers: Footmen, S. B Mounted, S. B Irregular Blankets: Vulcanized india rubber Gutta.percha Axes: Pick Felling Ax.handles: Pick Felling Ax slings Bugles, extra mouthpieces Bedsacks, single an d7 double Books, compan and regimental, & c Bugle cords an~ tassels: Artillery Cavalry Canteens, complete Canteen corks and straps Colors: Regimental infantry Regimental artillery Regimental cavalry National artillery National infantry Camp Color belt and sling Drums, complete ... . Drumbeads: Batter Snare Drum snares, sets - -. Drumstlcks and carriages Flags: General hospital Post and field Ambulance and staff 300, 000 ~6,ooo 2, 250. 00 1,809.50 8, 094 509,012 2, 295, 369. 65 679,436 1, 833, 137 2,499 30, 000 963, 232 295,408 10, 000 25, 000 1,613 22, 776 10,197 66, 346 2,849 16, 035 1, 627, 277. 93 754,417.81 6, 872. 25 66, 900. 00 562,439 29, 138.40 1, 071, 346. 26 4, 574, 150. 20 64, 402 217, 749.48 1, 590, 321. 83 35, 877 153, 690. 13 24,000.00 300, 000 350,000 8, 094 509,012 1,241, 875 1, 833, 137 2,499 30, 000 1, 027, 634 331, 285 10,000 2, 250. 00 1, 809. 50 29,138.40 2, 295,369. 65 2, 698, 624. 19 754,417. 81 6, 872. 25 66, 900. 00 4,791,899. 68 1,744,011. 96 24, 000. 00 135, 000. 00 25, 000 135,000. 00 1,524.28 39,751.98 . 1,274.62 13,843.42 9, 162.40 30, 635.79 19,590 67,707.23 1,613 22, 776 10,197 66, 346 2, 849 19,590 16, 035 493, 500 249, 220. 25 493,500 249,220. 25 280 72 412 323 1,502 12, 130 3, 650 549 2, 179 28 50 18, 889. 00 3,687.75 6, 530. 20 19, 535.91 2, 913. 88 105, 094.32 3, 577. 00 205. 87 641.60 274.40 90. 00 280 72 412 323 1,502 12, 130 3,650 549 2, 179 28 274.40 50 90.00 1,524.28 39, 751.98 1,274. 62 13, 843. 42 9,162.40 67, 707. 23 30, 635. 79 300, 000 9, 965 2, 000 596, 100 11,734 700, 979 10,000 3,268, 166 5, 684, 572 3,729 30, 000 2, 481, 902 950,714 31,242 565, 624 60, 000 42,446 108, 196 62, 784 73, 946 15,795 3,795 19, 610 21,032 150 1, 184 1, 163,347 341, 400 762 147 412 5 755 4,167 406 16, 330 16, 860 15,330 6,179 5, 000 73 242 1,050 2, 250.00 7,435.85 585. 00 2, 920. 64 35, 945. 20 3 440, 028. 13 73, 000. 00 6, 718, 522. 12 2, 461,565. 18 8, 728.45 66, 900. 00 11, 793, 177.39 3,704, 515. 73 47,489.20 2,486, 598. 20 297, 250. 00 62,517.14 171, 536. 30 9,987.02 24, 378. 31 16,245. 34 12, 053. 78 67, 793. 23 44,773.41 104.25 917. 60 610, 648.23 8, 237.00 83, 016. 20 8,937.75 6, 530. 20 221. 75 41,880. 04 7, 284. 63 1,404.76 132, 829. 32 18, 162. 10 4,933.60 1,811.61 1,600.00 584. 40 1,474.40 1,740.00 z 0 z 0 -4 18, 889. 00 3, 687. 75 6,530. 20 19, 535. 91 2,913.88 105,094. 32 3, 577.00 205.87 641. 6 Page 272 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. 0000000 ~ .f~ 000-0-0000- 000 ~ 0-000000 ~ ~ 00 ~ 0-0 00000 ~ 000-00000000- 0000000000-000-000000 4 ~oo~ a~ 0 000-0 0 00- 0 ci 40 0-00-0000~40000-0-00000 0-000-00 00- 0000 00000000000 0000000 0-00000 000 00000 0.~0~C0-~000000000~0 CO0-0~~iC0 ~4.-4 0000 o 4c6c6 ~ o~o~o~g 00 .-4 0 0 0- 4 0 CO~ ~ .0 .00 .0 .000 .0 0 .0 ~ 000 .0000- .0 .000 .00~0 .~ .000 .0-000 .~ .000 .00000 ~0 .000- .00000 0 00 .0000 0- 0 000~ 0 .000000 000 .oooc~i ~ .000000 00 .000-00 00 .o~o4 o~ 00~0 0 0-000 ~ 00 .0 00 0 0~ 0 0-0- .00 .o 00 0-00- .0-0-00 0 .0~00 00 00 .0 .0 0 .000 .,-4~000 .0 .00000000 0 00 0 .~-4 0- 000 .0-~C00 0 .0-0-00 ~ 00 .0- . - - . - 00 00000 .0 .~00 ~ 0~ 0 00 .0000 0- 00 .0 . . .00 .-4 . .00 ..-O~000 000 . 00-00 000 00~.-4 ~0 . CONk 0000 00 . -~0~0 00 . ~ :::::. ~~ ~00000 0 ;~ 0~400 0 . .~ ~ ::::::;,:~.0CI ~4 01 CO ~0 . 0000 00 . 000-0- 0 CO 1040 0-0-00 ~l . ~ . ~ .~ :::.:::.,..,.....0c0~ 00 ~CO . 000 ~ 0- 000 0 00000 .CO000 0 1040 ~CO 00 4- .00 .000 .0000- .0 ,00~0 .~ .0-000 .~ 00000 ~0 00000 .0 0000 .0- .000~ ~0 00 .0 .0-0-00 .0 .0-~00 .0 .00000 .0 .0000 0- .0-000 .0000 .0 ~ 00 ~ 0 .0000 .00- 0 .0000 .0000 d& r~ .0 .0~ 00 ~0 ~ 01) CO CO 0 . . CO :-~c ~ ~ -CO ~ ~ ~ CO01010 0 CO ~ ~~~oic~H E~HE~H H H 272 CO~4 40s ~ 40 CO.~ ~ o ~ H~ ~ 0000000 000000 000 0 0 C1 ei4 0 ~ 000 0-0 ~ 00 0000 000 ~ ~ 00000 000 000 0 ~ 010 o CO H- ~ 0 CO CO 0 0) +0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 -o 0 *0 0 *0 I. 6 z CO. 0~0 COCO ~CO COO CO .0 01 Page 273 No. 8.Statement of number of articles of clothing and equipage purchased and manufactured, & c.Continued. - Saint Louis, Mo. Quincy, Ill. Steubenville. ~ a a a ~ Articles. Purchased. Manufactured. Manufactured. Manufactured. ~aon 0 ~, ~ Number or Total value Number or Total value. Number Total Number Total ~ quantity. quantity. or quail- value or quail- value ~ a tity. tity. H C/I Drawers, flannel number.. Blankets, woolen do.... Caps, forage do.... Rat cords and tassels do.... 1 Trousers: ~ Mounted do.... ~ Footmen do.... .~ Jackets: Cavalry do.... Artillery do.... Uniform coats, infantry do.... Greatcoats, cavalry do.... Chevrons do.... Shirts do.... Sack coats, lined do.... EQUIPAGE. Boxes, packing number.. Camp-kettles do.... Colors, regimental and national do.... iDrumheads, batter do.... Tent-poles: Hospital sets.. Wall do.... Shelter do.... Common do.... Tent-pins, hospital and common number. - MATERIAL. Beeswax.... - pounds. - Buttons, tent number.. Brush, varnish do.... Camphor pounds. - 11,640 504 1, 500 1,920 6, 234 12, 931 2 395 26 372 140, 000 120 18,610 165 6, 231 1 1,001k $15, 248. 40 3,024.00 685. 00 230. 40 14,129.59 11,957.30 100. 00 300. 30 109. 20 430. 80 10, 500. 00 84. 00 288. 00 172,922 218,098 79, 120 13, 603 9, 627 3 148 31,246 $999,489.16 1, 005, 431. 78 76, 337 . -. 786, 935. 20 135, 485. 88 113, 784. 57 41. 76 52. 00 132.40 52.79 .90 1,852.77.. 26, 351 13,931 51,300 13, 652 a Manufactured from material furnished by the principal depots. Cd3 42,886 504 1,500 ~ 1,920 Z 186,853 345,735 79, 120 13,603 ~ 9,627 3 148 26, 351 13, 652 ~ C/I 6,234 12,931 2 395 26 372 140, 000 120 18,610 165 6,231 1,00 Page 274 No. 8.Statement of number of articles of clothing and equipage purchased and manufactured, & c.Continued. Articles. Checks, inspectors number.. Thick yards.. Gum pounds.. Kersey: Sky.blue, ~ yards - Sky.blue, ~ do.... Lampblack pounds.. Muslin, ~ yards.. Pattern paper pounds.. Plates, sheet-iron number.. Rope pounds.. Rivet and burr do.... Rings, tent.pole number.. Slides do.... Tags, printed do.... Twine pounds.. Thread do.... Twills yards.. Tape pieces.. Varnish gallons.. Saint Louis, Mo. Quincy, Ill. Steubenville. Purchased. Manufactured. Manufactured. Manufactured. Number or Total value Number or Total value. quantity. quantity. 18, 000 6, 7421 2 31, 9231 1, 7551 1 13, 184 29 1, 100 5, 210 1 500 tO, 853 240, 000 2, 001 6 5141 600 4 Number or quan. tity. Total value. Number or 9uan- tity. $22. 50 8, 154.58 1.50 95, 066. 13 2,286.57 10 6,565.85 10.15 11.00 811.98 1.00 15. 00 196. 58 204. 00 472. 08 14.75 565. 68 35. 00 20. 00 a Manufactured from material furnished by the principal depots. Respectfully submitted to the Quartermaster-General. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, SECO1~D DIVISION, October 21, 1865. ALEX. J. PERRY, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. Total value. a~ ui9 9,0 9 H 18,000 6, 742k 2 31, 923k 1,755k 1 11,184 29 1, 100 5, 210 1 500 10,853 240, 000 2,001 .6 5~4k 600 4 0 0 z z 0 Page 275 UNION AUTHORITIES. 275 No. 9. Monthly statement of clothing reported on hand at the various clothing depots on June 30, 1865. 4 . .5 ~ 4 of clothing. ,~ be 0 ~ 0 Articles ,~ S .0 0 a ~ z ~ 0 ~ S Uniform coats: Engineers Ordnance Artillery Infantry Uniform jackets: Cavalry Artillery Infantry Zonave Knit Invalid Corps Uniform trousers: Footmen. Horsemen Zonave Knit Cotton-duck trousers Zonave vests Overalls Drawers Shirts: Flannel Knit Zouave, gray (ireatcoats: Footmen Horsemen Straps for greatcoats Blankets: Woolen Rubber and painted Ponchos Talmas Sack coats: Lined Unlined Knit Bootees Boots Leggings Stockings Stocks, leather Uniform bats: Trimmed Untrimmed Uniform caps Forage caps Zonave caps Cap covers Stable frocks Sashes Gloves Mittens Knapsacks Haversacks Canteens Brogans Leather gaiters Waterproof blankets: Horsemen Footmen 3,925 386 3,712 59,080 40, 994 1,862 2,344 1,784 29, 295 69, 609 70,921 16, 116 2,238 r 1,666 1 28,703 85, 467 64, 186 6, 410 154, 363 33,313 143,470 17, 644 103, 252 45, 279 131,090 232, 741 22,521 200, 384 168, 819 287, 730 93, 058 3, 241 711, 085 154, 247 10,371 154 195, 763 62, 114 6, 523 211, 579 111, 744 225, 749 57, 663 2, 084 27,889 77,483 790 322, 023 364, 230 54, 200 122, 744 71,871 120, 259 103, 335 1, 000 2,400 82, 334 484 15, 486 86, 280 25, 534 44, 165 2, 653 855 2, 780 368, 116 92, 407 653 5, 335 262, 241 2, 545 57, 232 21, 783 9, 790 73, 639 34 15,836 25, 094 9, 462 27, 578 2, 924 38, 913 8,915 30, 754 8 5,942 5, 782 1, 573 1, 074 1,828 17,274 4, 253 23, 910 365, 834 29, 254 13, 902 38, 411 85, 083 84, 768 7, 444 146, 111 42, 738 225, 584 311,745 150, 278 115, 719 46, 456 23,416 83, 660 23,118 25, 947 13, 856 34, 607 21,267 141, 855 99,784 66,018 41, 178 138,224 242,661 44,315 123 179,415 155, 596 44, 107 13, 296 203, 999 83, 310 8, 065 269, 797 36, 097 122, 967 744 118, 892 3, 180 44, 085 1,780 372 86, 379 82, 207 123, 433 319, 791 52, 373 315, 797 28, 559 42, 383 304, 514 34, 446 34, 506 2, 456 26, 824 248, 353 40, 101 194, 147 11,983 33, 114 34, 744 114,405 7, 832 7, 037 58, 201 43, 933 121 8, 096 1,219 49, 168 58, 987 57, 689 258, 303 13, 897 9,446 40, 626 18, 685 42, 802 35,461 3, 016 85 1, 877 62, 085 3, 386 25, 003 11,430 3,926 10, 223 19, 410 8, 088 4, 688 12, 368 2,279 31,298 4, 156 32,648 20, 066 20, 397 32, 387 2, 630 1, 133 302 23, 613 16,596 18, 544 5, 100 3 9, 085 781 2, 547 5,619 373 3,631 4, 559 214 4, 932 3,466 40 32, 736 10,216 60, 416 40, 013 17, 257 8, 889 5, 286 21, 070 36, 398 45, 969 1,178 5, 657 943 1, 500 373 2, 204 2,051 42, 465 27, 056 19, 869 9, 747 115,243 87,021 4, 275 4, 983 6, 599 3,584 21 12,903 22, 453 16 265 40, 294 45, 503 3 7, 282 5,891 22, 064 19, 182 8, 797 9, 488 18,747 12, 083 48 13,962 15, 627 380 53, 666 1,506 8, 001 21,573 3 1, 163 1, 359 185 11,866 9, 219 9, 92 Page 276 276 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 9.Monthly statement of clothing reported on hand at the various clothing depots on June 30, 1865Continued. 0 b a Articles of clothing. o ~3 ~ o cs 0 ,~ ,5 ,o a n a 9 -~ -S .5 o ,~ ~ .~ ~ o o ~ Q rx4 0~ Uniform coats: Engineers Ordnance Artillery 8, 218 Infantry 12,113 Uniform jackets: Cavalry 9,343 Artillery 10, 910 Infantry 3,185 Zouave Knit Invalid Corps 1,688 Uniform trousers: Footmen 48, 785 Horsemen 25, 658 Zouave Knit Cotton-duck trousers Zouave vests Overalls 2, 694 Drawers 47, 590 Shirts: Flannel 55, 668 Knit 13,227 Zouave, gray Greatcoats: Footmen 9,141 Horsemen 3, 355 Straps for greatcoats 23, 521 Blankets: Woolen 29, 147 Rubber and painted 26,592 Ponchos Talmas Sack coats: Lined 23,076 Unlined 8, 669 Knit 752 Bootees 76,333 Boots 44, 520 5,158 St~ff~iu~5 93,332 Stocks, leather 26, 861 Uniform hats: Trimmed 5, 982 Untrimmed Uniform caps 1,000 Forage caps 17, 922 Zouave caps 19 Cap covers Stable frocks 1,096 Sashes 686 Gloves Mittens 166 Knapsacks 6, 756 Haversacks 26, 705 Cauteens 29, 420 Brogans Leather gaiters Waterproof blankets: Horsemen Footmen 131 1,040 158 42 51 484 436 204 543 921 22 392 12 3,535 348 930 58 489 475 648 136 1,866 1,113 191 2,246 5, 363 4, 198 2, 462 6, 457 3,924 1,266 86 23,512 1,359 20, 859 120 67 464 944 4,086 773 - - - 136 5,461 6 5, 360 14,847 4, 144 765 2 6,167 537 638 426 129 - 400 5,464 2,421 20 7, 301 6, 378 27, 866 9, 657 4, 962 5, 750 14, 500 12, 189 149 83 930 14, 021 19 1,142 50,797 4, 272 1,958 5, 876 2,725 141 5, 179 19, 073 4,425 363 10, 327 10, 000 16, 179 1,353 2,448 12, 154 7,903 272 20 363 38 116 9, 017 307 3, 152 52 2,469 22, 373 6 722 739 1,851 32 213 4,615 4, 941 3, 713 6, 828 164 12, 190 18,477 20, 369 17, 991 15, 717 1,955 174 200 7, 783 6, 485 7, 384 9,348 4, 697 58 10, 967 6, 772 7,643 2, 77~ 58 144 6, 476 2,310 11,523 10, 663 5, 176 2, 992 10,959 5, 386 1, 648 1,143 6, 038 7, 867 2, 355 12, 357 3,985 2, 163 9,631 7, 550 3,199 81 5,516 6, 641 3, 236 3, 529 1,710 4,027 4, 475 3,332 1,367 6, 506 3,245 2, 164 7 3, 300 6, 609 1, 194 7, 079 2, 296 17 3, 272 2, 140 48 3,923 3,658 3, 584 45 Page 277 UNION AUTHORITIES. 277 No. 9.Monthly statement of clothing reported on hand at the various clothing depots on June 30, 1865Continued. 4 0 ~ 8 ~ Articles of clothing ~ ~ .5 .0 ,~ 0 ~ .3 ~ o 5 .0 ~ ~ 0 fr~ Q 92 0 Uniform coats: Engin~er8 Ordnance Artillery Infantry Uniform jackets: Cavalry 4,389 Artillery 4, 159 Infantry 1,373 Zonave Knit 8, 631 Invalid Corps Uniform trousers: Footmen . 29, 552 Horsemen 8,909 Zonave Knit Cotton-duck tronsers Zouave vests Overalls 898 Drawers 84, 836 Shirts: Flannel Knit Zonave, gray . Greatcoats: Footmen 51, 716 Horsemen 8,269 Straps for greatcoats 10, 286 Blankets: Woolen Rubber and painted Ponchos Talmas Sack coats: Lined 10, 640 Unlined 42 Knit Bootees 53, 794 Boots 3, 409 Leggings Stockings 22, 877 Stocks, leather 9,010 Uniform hats: Trimmed 286 Untrimmed Uniform caps Forage caps 6,506 Zouave caps Cap covers 31,540 Stable frocks 79 Sashes Gloves Mittens Knapsacks 14, 571 Haversacks . 13, 945 Canteens 7,074 Brogans Leather gaiters Waterproof blankets: Horsemen Footmen 13 153 7, 652 1, 646 213 1,519 275 2, 032 2,365 1,704 2,375 2,450 4,770 1,743 2,441 3,985 4,911 9, 259 2, 272 126 12, 105 25, 452 9, 287 19, 687 1, 008 1,749 8, 559 2,474 14, 341 5,789 7,336 11,213 721 8, 129 2,506 25 4 1,837 8,642 319 2,496 914 1,974 4, 171 13,298 11,320 8, 075 7, 202 4,950 12, 662 2, 335 23,071 9, 510 12, 621 12, 690 2,994 115 17, 484 20, 872 16,463 11, 757 6, 130 2,558 2,717 2,691 8, 704 9,362 7,505 3,270 2, 843 27, 647 5, 849 12, 324 2, 374 13, 771 9, 109 14, 975 127 208 8, 806 9,647 27, 142 165 69 12 126 522 79 40 106 819 375 310 15 1,421 83 167 97 32 20 14 21 462 10 7,742 699 80 1,229 700 1,400 1,708 493 291 1 227 1,249 506 465 2, 066 7,822 9,484 459 18,595 5,384 12 23, 589 18, 729 3, 219 75 585 111 188 2, 284 17 181 290 61 3,639 13,142 39 1,387 40 7,488 268 65 6 1,297 626 36 1, 042 1,066 582 13,889 540 2,400 1,218 2, 451 6,734 1,000 1, 400 18 1,936 1, 865 1,899 2, 000 98 66 517 666 279 455 1, 133 198 175 459 260 26,050 15,831 47, 624 12, 677 18,740 3, 254 28, 173 248 3,040 607 213 2, 783 19, 620 17, 516 6, 500 7,359 4,165 579 41 274 2,706 454 613 102 87 ii6 65 84 19 Page 278 278 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 9.Monthly statement of clothing reported on hand at the various clothing depots on June 30, 1865Continued. a of clothing. C.) I Articles 8 b ~ ~ ,4 ~ .8 ~ ,~ .3 0 ~ .8 .~ 0 ~ a -~ 0 Q a ~ S .~7 0 0 p4 ~ ~ .~ ~ 14 Uniform coats: Engineers Ordnance Artillery Infantry Uniform jackets: Cavalry Artillery Infantry Zouave Knit Invalid Corps Uniform trousers: Footmen 152 Horsemen 89 Zonave Knit Cotton-duck trousers Zouave vests Overalls Drawers 187 Shirts: Flannel 27 Knit Zouave, gray Greatcoats: Footmen 55 Horsemen Straps for greatcoats Blankets: Woolen 215 Rubber and painted Ponchos Talmas Sack coats: Lined 404 Unlined Knit Bootees 282 Boots 100 Leggings Stoc in 5 359 Stocks, leather Uniform hats: Trimmed Untrimmed Uniform caps Forage caps 200 Zouave caps Cap covers Stable frocks Sashes Gloves Mittens Knapsacks Haversacks 200 Canteens 200 Brogans Leather gaiters Waterproof blankets: Horsemen Footmen 1,129 13,618 4 2,301 74 1,025 85,634 7,280 2, 251 1, 711 925 12, 054 360, 552 200 1,835 530 1, 885 2, 803 297, 089 1,496 282 500 2,065 4 131, 090 356 7,666 3 1,252 24 14,929 500 52, 785 1,246 20,323 540 3,456 6,117 8,068 823,763 300 526 314 951 9,943 2,089 361,509 79 962 2,323 .......... 33,610 1, 286 9, 678 972 3, 354 9, 205 5, 492 1, 166, 541 1,311 10,547 1,115 3,043 11,042 10,541 1,130,482 18 2,069 394,125 17,687 69 6, 428 2, 856 2, 604 2, 535 1, 069 651, 564 209 2,207 444 1,827 2,531 820 278,161 921 13,722 1,175 577 6,918 3,055 949,233 475 9,254 548 5,342 4,603 1,041 1,009,106 7, 855 526 1, 138 13,431 384, 975 1,739 103 510 1,500 210,905 4 120 8,098 522 117 6,830 4,108 751,544 99 185 1,233 7,588 636,645 21,870 1,809 11, 525 5,475 3, 626 1, 479 4, 877 1, 500, 679 200 205 458 1, 616 7, 351 2, 860 435, 032 993 28,461 1,545 10, 135 3, 686 5, 751 33, 114 5, 963 1, 803, 719 1,907 7,558 739 4,442 13,768 7,486 386,952 1,153 272 1,591 5,592 5,044 339,394 58,~01 33, 098 2, 219 10, 130 1, 179 2 13, 079 5, 471 890, 248 3,575 2,810 3,877 64 5,000 164,987 577 133 2,140 138,070 3 65 8 89 210 43 16,063 200 5, 310 47, 313 899 5,247 2,684 1,389 11,342 4,886 868,578 188 5, 285 2,860 1,488 5,464 5, 032 522, 621 651 6, 190 2, 890 2, 406 4, 806 4, 350 845, 209 79, 393 . 2,084 .......... ... 122,198 94,380 319 1,00 Page 279 -. ~.o ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ~ ~ 0~0~ ~ ~ ~: ~ - ~ .......~::::: ~ . , ~ ~ 0. 0 000.1. cc. 0 0 0 0 a cc n. ~ un ~c-r~ ootsc. ccc- n a t~c~ -~ cn~ c--icc c- cc cocccccc. 00. ~ otc.sccccnocneoconn aco . New York. ~c-cnooo oc-c occnccnoccc o~ ~. cc~.n~oc.ceo-co~-c. nen coac ncc c~tc ccccn0~c-c--i .o~ ~. 0~ naco.5. ccco no p- o n Philadelphia. c-coo -~n~ ooi ~oc~cc-ccc cc ~~ccco ooc v.a ncco.oocc~ con noan ac-.occococcoocccooc-. ~-c ccc-. no cc~oconozoo on ~-ccno ~ cc. -iccc-.cc ~ . . . ccccc-.cccc tcco cc cc a ococonas. cc . . . s. ccc- Cincinnati. . . occcoo-in no ~ ccccocn~n. ~ ncc~-.. . . con -in ~OocccccnCc p-n cc ccocnccs~o. ocns.n ccncc-ccccoo-i. . . ~cc.cO c--c cocc~nccs.nccs-cc no nc-nnc-c0~-c-- cc onc-.coocnocccco. . . ncoc-ncoocn cc c-. c-. oc cc c-s. ~ oncc-in Saint Louis. ccc- c-cccc cc cccc-c-iccn ~cc cc-i cccc no cococcoon ccs~0: 0 Washington. occncoc-nc-cc cs.n oncccc cc.--ionnnnonnccoccc-cococ--coc-cn. sons-n ~c- ncccc . . cc~. ... ncc cccc. s.cc,~an . . ~. ~. . . Boston. ccccccccccococnoi ~oc . . . nccc-occc. ooocccnnccn cc. occ-. 5.0c. i. . . cccccn-io~ ce-i .. . con-inn. cc ncconocc-i. ccs.o- oc. ... . cc cc . . ~- . cc cc nco . cc . ncon. 0 ccnccvcnnn ~ nn ~coocnco: ~g~ccn: v.nnS: ~ New Orleans. niocconcc~cccs-c cn . onncoonzvncn. noococccn. oniconoc. coccoco cccccccc -ccci cccc ncc-iccocoocoocc~o no oocooocs.ccnns ncc cc. ~-.cccccc . o. cccccccccc. ooccocccc . cc-~co. ncc con .~nccissinco occooocccnnc cc-nc. ncn. oocccscn occc-iccnn-i-c. nncccccn-cnno cc-c. ns~s.. oococo-c Baltimore. z 0 z 0 ~ H 2 o 5- H 0j2 a 0 0 0 o cc0 ~ ~c0 -0 0~0 0 c-s 0 cc Page 280 280 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 10.Monthly statement of camp and garrison equipage reported on hand at the various clothing depots on June 30, 1865Continued. Articles of equipage. Hospital tents Wali-tents Sibley tents Common tents Shelter tents Frdmont and Bell tents Tent stoves Bedsacks, single Bedsacks, don le Mosquito bars Regimental colors Camp colors National colors Standards Storm flags Garrison flags Recruiting flags Guidons Pickaxes Axes Spades Shovels Hatchets Mess-pans Iron pots Camp-kettles Bugles Trumpets Drums Fifes General-hospital flags Post and field flags Ambulance flags Mosquito nets (pieces) Books: Company order Company clothing ac- count. Post order Post morning report Post letter Post guard iRe~imeutal~etter Regimental descriptive.. Regimental index Regimental order Target Practice Consolidated morningre- port. Inspectors report books. Brigade letter books Brigade letters-received books. Brigade order books Indorsement and memo- landum books. 0 0 0 170 294 2,451 11,104 860 1,124 1,084 109 101 57 58 17 28 2, 542 1,948 1,558 2,209 5,584 12,826 57 2,452 58 47 90 711 4 13 311 118 321 318 83 811 71 118 106 100 119 121 107 0 ,0 a 35 179 2 2,148 2, 843 329 202 70 6 80 18 65 162 175 259 489 500 121 50 19 51 34 3 6 6 0 04 a 0 0 43 353 1 496 11,205 88 375 659 2 5 4 2, 935 556 2,612 112 644 7, 960 3, 097 32 107 365 75 73 67 78 12 23 14 12 8 18 13 19 11 0 ,0 S 0 0 0 16 876 22 10 2 3 3 2 2 1,749 644 828 161 1,340 1,101 99 10 128 147 4 8 41 86 81 64 25 4 2 10 1 1 5 39 32 52 27 - 0 0 200 2 7 16 11 10 A 0 8 a a 0 227 288 75 1,714 25, 278 6 529 15,413 1,032 68 9 44 6 30 21 31 .8 2, 888 3, 257 2,871 1,490 2,747 3,541 25 1, 859 91 199 94 29 18 30 200 134 82 162 117 43 23 40 10 20 48 51 58 58 52 ,0 7 19 6, 633 40 1 18 10 3 2 661 254 116 843 5,109 2, 081 7 9 17 20 4 38 28 30 20 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 0 a 2 12 42 4, 233 902 2 52 2 4 16 846 716 601 669 1,270 501 11 15 42 30 43 42 37 5 3 6 4 1 Page 281 UNION AUTHORITIES. 281 No. 10.Monthly statement of camp and garrison equipage reported on hand at the various clothing depots on June 80, 1865Continued. ~ -4~ ~ 8 0 . ~ be .~ 6 ~4 0 ~ 0 Articles of equipage. ~ ~ ~ .s ~ o ce ,~ u -~ ~ ~ 5 5 0 m Q Hospital tents 240 40 186 10 7 6 Wall-tents 6 608 23 26 1 413 131 Sibley tents 5 Common tents 306 5 253 187 25 461 1, 653 535 Shelter tents 9, 902 162 5, 558 9, 285 262 100 218,931 310 Frdmont and Bell tents 225 1 - Tentstoves 25 571 438 45 - Bedsacks, single 724 192 1, 003 1, 032 370 29 20 Bedsacks, double 214 1, 026 657 76 31 Mosquito bars 102 86 257 Regimental colors 6 13 28 6 2 7 Camp colors 8 74 295 34 4 47 National colors 16 16 27 7 2 5 Standards . 2 4 5 32 Stormfiags 18 129 10 8 1 2 10 6 Garrisouflags . 2 74 4 8 3 2 1 2 Recruiting flags 19 86 2 9 Guidons 20 13 19 33 66 Pickaxes 3,071 1, 295 1, 605 45 428 5 1, 353 93 Axes 1, 947 2, 607 1, 980 88 167 205 1,978 134 Spades . 3, 248 1, 911 1, 709 1, 751 17 346 210 1,223 398 Shovels 7 826 250 41 2, 499 . Hatchets 543 1, 968 2,874 2, 205 20 515 91 2, 284 177 Mess.pans 16, 232 3, 290 5, 370 8, 683 120 884 302 4,886 732 Iron pots 80 78 Camp.kettles 162 1,058 1, 906 326 177 167 60 3, 652 370 Bugles 34 50 86 40 23 5 33 9 Trumpets 23 70 150 9 20 4 70 Drums 16 72 85 8 43 7 124 22 Fifes . 110 234 86 3 17 154 General.hosFital flags 22 74 16 Postandfledflags 7 Ambulance flags .... Mosquito nets (pieces) Books: Company order 224 91 79 69 8 ii 18 490 4 Companyclothingaccounl 287 82 90 81 15 21 19 430 1 Company descriptive 346 84 77 114 10 18 23 450 1 Company morning report. 224 55 117 50 7 17 6 534 1 Postorder 15 27 7 6 2 Post morning report..... 36 17 26 7 6 Postletter 15 26 10 2 2 Postguard . 85 2 13 44 8 26 5 9 34 2 6 106 53 10 18 28 11 8 77 Regimental descriptive .. 45 9, 19 17 1 1 11 179 Regimental index 81 11 8 17 1 4 10 111 Regimental order 54 7 18 21 26 1 9 47 Target Practice 5 Consolidated morning re- port. Inspectors report books. Brigade letter books -. Brigade letters-received books. Brigade order books Indorsemeift and memo- randum books Page 282 282 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 10.Monthly statement of camp and garrison equipage reported on hand at the various clothing depots on June 30, 1865Continued. a Q . a a 0 be ~ Articles of equipage. ~ -~ .~ ~ .8 n 9 0 .~i -~ .5 ~ ~ n a 0 a 0 a a ,~ a ;-, 0 ~ -~ ~ H H Hospital tents . 25 10 2 6,121 Wall-tents 32 8 23 222 31 15,622 Sibley tents 1 240 Common tents - - 226 1, 235 2, 374 185 53, 902 Slieltertents 2, 762 2,059 310 4, 897 856 791, 254 Fr6mont and Bell tents 363 Tent stoves 20 1, 066 2 11, 639 Bedsacks, single 150 27 492 200 274 116, 815 Bedsacks, double 937 30 500 278 50, 222 Mosquito bars 545 66,274 Regimental colors 7 1 4 789 Camp colors 32 9 57 13 12 7, 270 National colors 7 2 4 609 Standards 2 5 1,234 Stormflags 2 5 21 5 748 Garrisonflags 1 1 6 497 Recruiting flags 3 19 2, 103 Guidons 2 19 19 2,039 IPickaxes 12 190 1,233 285 1,267 979 310 103,228 Axes 7 255 1,402 96 250 170 296 90, 548 Spades 7 98 1, 405 123 500 605 105, 132 Shovels 61 18 47, 391 Hatchets 24 188 1,191 178 498 716 309 111,247 Mess-pans 229 3, 682 1,440 2, 849 8, 925 2, 279 364, 086 Iron pots 1, 678 Camp-kettles 71 1, 161 693 327 8, 624 1, 106 106, 417 Bugles 7 18 2 77 9 3,893 Trumpets 3 47 2 3, 869 Drums 6 63 22 29 6 30 5,865 Fifes 4 102 21 77 80 51 11,747 General-hospital flags 4 2 511 Post and field flags 6 951 Ambulance flags 2,887 Mosquito nets (pieces). 38, 164 Books: Company order 10 30 30 53 18 37 8,858 Company clothing ac 10 35 12 73 35 40 8, 571 count. Company descriptive - . - 10 31 13 49 38 8, 658 Company morning report 10 35 13 58 27 33 9,749 Post order 50 6,256 Post morning report 50 6,829 Post letter 1 50 6,511 Post guard 1 8 105 4 4,647 Regimental general order 1 1 14 1 1, 772 Regimental letter 6 18 20 1 1, 701 Regimental descriptive- - 1 7 Ii 3 1, 848 Regimental index 1 6 24 13 2, 160 Regimental order 1 4 20 13 3 1,521 Target Practice 62 2, 708 Consolidatedmorningre- port. Inspectors report books. Brigade letter books 9 207 Brigade letters-received 8 198 books. Brigade order books 10 129 Indorsement and memo 6 121 randum books. Respectfully submitted to the Quartermaster-General. ALEX. J. PERRY, (Jolonel, Quartermasters Department. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, SECOND DIVISION, October 21, 1865 Page 283 UNION AUTHORITIES. 283 No. 11. Statement showing the aggregate expenditure for the purchase of clothing, equi- page, and material during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1866, at the purchasing depots at New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati. Philadelphia. New York. cincinnati. Total. Clothing $20, 297, 473. 96 $23, 340, 040. 42 $26, 449, 767.82 $70, 087, 282. 20 Equipage 7,992,255.65 3, 105, 147. 20 2,417,902.24 13, 515, 305.09 Material 14, 678, 464. 21 976. 20 6, 737, 378. 43 21, 416, 818. 84 Total 42, 968, 193. 82 26, 446, 163. 82 35, 605, 048. 49 105, 019, 406. 13 Respectfully submitted to the Quartermaster-General. ALEX. J. PERRY, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, SECOND DIVISION, October 21, 1866. No. 12. Statement showing the quantity of material purchased at the depots at New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati since May, 1861. Articles. Philadel- New York. Cincinnati. Total. phia. Woolen cloths and kerseys: ~ dark-blue cloth (uniform coat) yards.. f dark-blue cloth (uniform coat) do. 6 dark blue cloth (forage cap) do. t~anteen (covering) do. ~ sky.hluekersey do.... ~ sky.blue kersey do.... ~ dark.bluekersey do.... ~ dark.blue kersey do.... ~ green facing.clotli do.... ~ scarlet facing.cloth do.... ~ sky.blue facing.cloth do.... ~ sky.bluefacing.oloth do.... Irregular cloth do.... Cotton d7uck: Hospital tents, 30-inch, 22~-ouuce do.... iHospital.tent flies, 30-inch, 15j.ounce do.... Wall and Sibley tents, 28~.inch, 15.ounce... .do.... Wall.tents, 24-inch, 12k-ounce do.... Wall-tent flies, 28~-inch,10.onnce do.... Common tents, 22-inch, 11-ounce do.... Common tents, 22-inch, 9-onnce do.... Tent frills and baling, 28j.incb, 8-ounce do.... Tent frills and baling, 33-inch, 10-ounce .... do.. - - Flannels: ~ Canton flannel do.... Gray do.... j blue do.... f blue wool (sack coat) do... - ~ blue wool (sack coat) do.. - - Black silesia do.... Muslin twills and corset jeans - - ..... -. ~ muslin twills, nubleached do. - -. ~ cotton drilling do.. - - ~ cotton drilling do. - - - Cotton, sewing, spools number. - Russia sheeting yards. - Alpaca do. - -. Brown linen do. - -. Canvas padding do.... Linings do... - Webbing, cotton, 1-inch do. - - - Tape pieces.. Webbing, cotton, 1k-inch yards.. Flax, bagging do. - -. Pasteboard pounds. - 588, 496 1, 630, 839 4, 820 109, 487 772, 341 11,760,168 60, 736 459, 826 929 3, 028 12, 405 90 330, 255 290, 000 166, 000 23, 250 138, 000 802, 000 884, 000 25, 000 10, 100 11,265 152, 155 184, 588 14,516 46, 722 21,092 8, 111 3, 220,219 4, 818, 994 333,969 310, 886 2, 562, 119 337, 992 6, 334 2, 029, 747 2, 395, 100 231, 789 413, 448 109, 057 197, 873 146, 303 596, 903 2, 720, 104 182, 607 20,118 6, 986 5, 785 1, 081, 250 680 680, 510 770, 246 139, 700 257, 117 78, 500 600, 000 16, 900 19,000 3, 000 128, 000 822, 516 - ~ 25,022 893, 784 3, 845, 409 2,312,510 2, 414, 648 1, 094, 776 261, 316 2, 167 72, 243 78, 278 20, 160 14,400 40, 320 1,701,012 1, 796, 839 28, 070 109, 487 910, 341 14, 066, 111 944, 736 484, 826 929 3, 028 22, 505 90 330, 255 11,265 25, 022 152, 155 893, 784 4, 029, 997 13, 516 46, 722 221, 254 8,111 5, 532, 729 8,314,892 334, 649 991, 396 4, 427, 041 477, 692 263, 452 2, 369, 559 2, 995, 100 231, 789 923, 848 109, 057 219, 040 218, 546 675, 181 2, 720, 104 23, 160 325, 007 6, 986 5,78 Page 284 284 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 12.Statement showing the quantity of material purchased at the depots at New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati since May, 1861Continued. Phuladel. New York. Cincinnati. Total. Articles. phia. Bunting: Red7 pieces.. White do.... Blue do.... Worsted lace: 11-inch yards.. j4nch do.... ft-inch do. Silk lace, ft.inch do.... Silk, sewing ounces.. Burlaps yards.. Standard drills do.... Luster do.... Thread pounds.. Buttous: Coat gross.. Vest do.... Shirt do.... Suspender do.... All kinds do.... Buckles: ft-inch, roller do.... ft-inch, roller do.... 1-inch, roller do.... 11-inch, roller do.... Flax sewing twine pounds.. Hooks and eyes gross.. Baling rope pounds.. Cotton twine do... - Flag thimbles do.... Chin-strap slides number. - Leather: Buckskins do... - Sheep, morocco, skins sides. - Black, bridle do. - - - Russet, bridle ..... - Wax, upper feet. - Sole - pounds. - Welt do. - - - Stock sides. - Visor - feet. - Chin straps do.. - - Split, for knapsacks pounds. - Cap leathers, complete sets. - Tent buttons number. - line, large pounds. - twine, cotton, sewing - do.... 1,783 1,546 717 199,651 1, 844, 768 4, 572, 205 78, 562 42, 544 271, 540 19,000 17, 000 8,000 6, 000 6, 000 189, 871 81, 825 148, 591 223, 601 196, 067 11, 640 1, 511 2, 241 4, 806 2, 321 25, 184 40, 611 3, 526 222, 180 2, 117 1,247 15, 981 2, 599 529,875 1,895,982 158, 261 652 11, 872 3,857 24, 958 41,663 2, 442, 056 40, 894 16, 000 28, 650 16,670 31, 350 11,150 11,900 150, 100 100, 000 1, 018, 160 111, 805 3, 011, 797 1, 527 11, 427 29, 765 13, 212 19, 080 21, 988 1,051 1, 136 1, 901, 200 Respectfully submitted to the Quartermaster-General. ALEX. J. PERRY, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, SECOND DiVIsION October ~?1, 1865. No. 13. Statement showing the number of the principal articles of clothing and equipage purchased at the depots of Philadelphia, New York, and Cincinnati since May, 1861. (NOTE.This statement includes only articles purchased already made up. It is exclusive of the arti- cles manufactured from material purchased, for which see Statement No. 6.) Articles. Philadel- New York. Cincinnati. Total. phia. Uniform coats jackets trousers, foot trousers, horse Vests Overalls 948, 904 591, 125 2, 198, 772 607, 997 3, 844 5, 001 587, 000 141,400 2, 195, 674 553, 420 26,000 145, 821 169, 646 1,473, 603 527, 129 20, 783 18, 546 8, 783 449, 753 2,144,768 5, 590, 565 78, 562 48, 544 389, 145 3,011,797 3, 527 203, 298 112, 475 195,026 276, 163 248, 497 21,988 13,640 3, 531 2, 241 4,806 3, 374 42,220 40,631 39, 670 3,526 222, 180 2, 117 3, 247 15,981 2,599 529, 875 1, 895, 982 158,263 652 13,872 3, 857 24,958 41, 663 4, 345, 256 40,894 16, 000 1,881,727 1, 104, 161 6, 068, 049 1, 688, 746 3, 844 11,00 Page 285 z 0 ~ 0 0 ~ z -4 ~ 0 ~ z ~ 0 -~b~O. ~D ~ oo~ OIo~. ~ 0 ~O~-~C~3 ~ C~OO~ V~V~ 0 ~ ~ ~~I- ao~. e~ O~O~C~ 0 ~ Page 286 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 13.Statement showing the number of the principal articles of clothing and equipage purchased at the depots of Philadelphia, New York, and Cincinnati since May, 1861Continued. Philadel. New York. Cincinnati. Total. Articles. phia. BooksContinned. Post letter 2, 000 3, 000 1,506 6, 506 Post guard 1,560 3,000 955 5,5k Regimental general order 2, 170 2,050 750 4, 976 Regimental letter 2,471 2, 156 1, 251 5, 878 Regimental descriptive 2, 118 1,956 1, 250 5, 324 Regimental index 1, 914 1,556 1, 300 4, 770 Regimental order 2, 763 2,056 1~ 249 6, 068 Target Practice 398 500 898 Consolidated morning report Respectfully submitted to the Quartermaster-General. ALEX. J. PERRY, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, SECOND DIVISION, October ~?1, 1865. No. 14. Statement showing the highest and lowest prices paid by the department for articles of clothing and equipage during the past four years of war. Articles. Uniform hat Uniform hat feather cord and tassel. - eagle castle shell and flame.. crossed sabers . - crossed cannon. bugle letters nnmhers Forage caps Forage-cap covers Uniform coats jackets Chevrons: NO.5 pair.. First sergeants . .. do... Sergeants do... Corporals do... Caduceus .... Shonider scales: NO.5 pair.. Sergeants do... Privates do... Tronsers: Footmens Horsemens Sash Flannel sack coat: Lined Unlined Lowest price. $1. 62 08k lOj OOj .08 04 01~ 01$ OOi6a9iy 00115 0087ft .35 07k 4.08 4.25 30 is .19k .12k 35 35 33 25 2.05 3. 31k 1.98 2.10 1.87k Highest price. $2. 18k .15k 16 02 .19 04 .03 .02k 02 01$ 01$ 1.04 12k 14.67 9.94 .45 35 27 18 80 80 80 60 5.40 5.89 2.50 5.09 4. 37k Articles. Shirts: Flannel Knit Drawers: Flannel Knit Stockings Bootees: Sewed Pegged Boots: Sewed Pegged Greatcoats: Footmens Horsemen s Blankets: Woolen Rnhher Painted Ponchos: Rnhber Painted Leather stocks leggings Cotton leggings Overalls Stable frocks Hospital tents and flies Wall.tents and flies Common tents Shelter tents Lowest Highest price, price. $0.45 69 37 72 .22k 1.71 1.33 3.00 1.45 6.50 7.74 2. 18$ 2.00 1.99 1.87 1.83 08 1. 12k 74 1.31 62 56.40 23. 50 9.87 1.93 $3.01 2.34 1.90 1.78 52j 3.24 2.45 4.83 4.084 13. 17 16. 11 7.75 5.00 2.35 5.60 2.35 13 2.00 1.25 2.06 2.23 227.61 55. 00 25. 00 10.74 Respectfully submitted to the Quartermaster-General: ALEX. J. PERRY, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, SECOND DIVISION, October ~1, 1865. 28 Page 287 UNION AUTHORITIES. 287 No. 145. Statement of claims received in the Second Division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1866. Number. Amount. Received 34 $98, 274. 65 Reported to Third Auditor and referred to officers for settlement 16 66, 662. 22 Disallowed (in their present condition) 10 8, 682. 65 Not acted on 8 22, 929. 78 Respectfully submitted. A. G. ROBINSON, Capt. and A. Q. M., for Col. Alexander J. Perry, in Charge Second Division. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., November 4, 1865. Statement of claims received in the Second Division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office from July 1, 1865, to present date. Number. Amount. Received 17 $4, 515. 90 Reported to Third Auditor and referred to officers for settlement 1 10. 25 Disallowed (in their present condition) 7 2, 484.40 Not acted on 9 2, 021. 25 Respectfully submitted. ALEXANDER J. PERRY, Colonel, Quartermasters Department, in Charge Second Division. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., November 6, 1865. No. 16. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE Washington, D. 0., August 31, 1865. Byt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: I have the honor to report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, relative to the operations of the Third Division, in charge of the ocean and lake transportation of the War Department, as follows: During the first month of the year the office work of the division was nearly suspended by most of the employ6s being called into act- ive service in the field to assist in repelling the rebel raid on Wash- ington; nevertheless, sufficient steamers were promptly on hand at City Point for the transportation of the Sixth Army Corps to Wash- ington and Baltimore, rendering efficient service in driving back the invading force. Also, in this month, the army of General Canby was moved from New Orleans to Mobile Bay, co-operating with the navy in the reduc- tion of the forts. From August to December no large army movements requiring water transportation were made, but a great nnmber of steamers were nsed to forward the snpplies for the armies before Richmond. In December the approach of General Shermans army to the Atlan- tic Coast taxed the resources of the department to the utmost extent Page 288 288 CORRESPOl~DENCE, ETC. The precise point of his advent was not known; it was a stormy season of the year, and only reliable ocean steamers could be used, with a proper regard for the lives of the passengers and the property on board. At this time some 300,000 men, including the armies of Grant and Sherman, were dependent entirely for their supplies npon water trans- portation. The winter was nnusually severe; storms swept the ocean, and ice blocked the bays and rivers. Notwithstanding, the troops were kept well supplied, and stores and forage were sent as far south as Pensacola, and a large nnmber of light-draft river steamers and tugs were sent to Hilton Head, S. C., to be on hand for the naviga- tion of the shoal rivers of the Southern coast, all of which, fortunately, arrived in safety and rendered efficient s3rvice after the fall of Savan- nah and Charleston. When General Sherman~ s army left Savannah, in continuation of its victorious march through the Southern States, a part was trans- ported by sea to Beaufort, N. C., while the light fleet of steamers fol- lowed along the coast, ready again to meet and co-operate with the army at Wilmington and Morehead City. A large number of canal barges were sent via the Chesapeake and Albemarle Canal to carry supplies up the North Carolina rivers. On the 24th of this month (December), an eventful one in our his- tory, the first attack on Fort Fisher was made, and ocean transporta- tion was provided for the land forces from City Point, Va., and, when the expedition proved unsuccessful, brought the troops back to Fortress Monroe. In January another and successful expedition was sent to the Cape Fear River, resulting in the fall of Fort Fisher and the evacuation of Wilmington, N. C., by the rebels. The department was much embarrassed at this time by the diffi- culty of procuring ocean steamers whose draft of water would allow them to enter Cape Fear River, and at Morehead City, which were not safe to attempt ~vith a greater draft than twelve feet. Steamers had to lie at anchor on an open coast in midwinter and discharge their cargoes in small vessels. In this connection I would state, as worthy of remark, that during the last fiscal year only three vessels in the service of the War Depart- ment have been lost at sea. One of them, the North America, was a new, first-class steamer; another, the General Lyon, took fire and was burned; and the third one, the Admiral Du Pont, collided with a ship at sea and was sunk. These were all chartered steamers, and the loss of life and property was not great. From January to the surrender of General Lee, in April, the water transportation department continued faithfully to supply the two great armies of Grant and Sherman, and nearly every ocean steamer of any capacity in the country was employed. After the surrender of the rebel armies in the Atlantic States, and the virtual close of the war, every exertion was made to reduce the expenses of the department, and vessels belonging to the Government were sold and chartered ones discharged as fast as the service would allow. Of the first class it is not supposed the Government will realize a sum from their sale in proportion to their original cost. The require- ments of the service were such that they were always under a severe strain, and, notwithstanding frequent repairs, the close of the war found most of them in bad condition. Many ships were yet require Page 289 UNION AUTHORITIES. 289 to carry back the returning veterans, and, in addition, transportation had to be furnished for thousands of our own released prisoners, and for rebel released prisoners, refugees, and freedmen, to the points nearest their homes. In May a requisition was made upon the department for ocean transportation for the Twenty-fifth Army Corps from City Point, Va., to Texas. This corps numbered about 25,000 men. The inclosed tabular list will enable you to form an idea of the requirements necessary for a large ocean expedition. It comprised fifty-seven ocean steamers (one of which made two voyages), making the entire tonnage of the vessels employed amount to 56,987 tons. They were all provided for a twelve-days voyage, allowing for the consumption of coal, per day, 947 tons, and for water, 50,000 gallons. While all the vessels were employed the expense of the expedition amounted to $33,300.91 per day. Each vessel was fitted up suitably for the cargo to be carried. Bunks were constructed for the troops, and stalls for 2,139 animals, being part of the expedition. The vessels were supplied with an ample quantity of coal and water and were thoroughly inspected, so that in case of disaster no blame would attach to the department for sending unseaworthy vessels. They all arrived safely at their destination, no accident of any kind having been reported. At the same time the Texas expedition was under way, 7,000 troops were sent by sea from Washington to Savannah, and 3,000 released rebels from Point Lookout and Fort Delaware to Mobile. With this closes the work of the ocean and lake transportation division for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. No mention has been made of transportation on the lakes, as none was required except one small steamer used for the convenience of the prisoners on Johnsons Island, between that and the main. The inclosed tabular list of transportation employed by the divis- ion shows the number of vessels in service during the year, from which it appears the average daily expense of the division, for the fiscal year, amounts to $92,414. The average number of steamers employed, owned, and chartered, 351; tugs, 111. The average amount of tonnage of the above, 171,081; tonnage of tugs, 13,262. The average number of sail vessels employed, 89. The average amount of tonnage of the above, 17,738. The average number of barges employed, 168. The average amount of the tonnage of the above, 22,903. The total number of vessels employed, 719. The total amount of tonnage employed, 224,984. In closing my report, I would respectfully make some remarks rel- ative to the duties of my division, and the transportation, by water, of the United States. At the beginning of the rebellion we were found wanting in nearly every material preparation for the war, except an ample supply of ships and steamers, the importance of which was very great in a coun- try like ours, penetrated in every direction by navigable rivers, and indented on the coast by deep and sheltered harbors. 19 R R5ERIE5 III, VOL Page 290 290 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Nothing contributed more to the success of our cause than this, enabling us, with the assistance of the Navy, to concentrate rapidly and secretly large bodies of troops upon the weak points of the enemy, and in this way New Orleans, Hilton Head, Fort Fisher, City Point, Mobile, and the great Mississippi Valley were cleared of the rebels. That they fully appreciated this is evident from their desperate and frantic efforts to destroy our shipping by the torch of the incendiary, torpedoes, or the more open attack by armored vessels. In the first rush of troops to the war, by the inexperience of quar- termasters, or the unfaithfulness of Government agents, and not over- patriotic shipowners, many unsuitable vessels were employed for the service and paid at high prices. This was remedied as soon as possi- ble by the Quartermaster-General, and a scale of prices fixed per ton for the guidance of quartermasters, and stringent orders issued that no vessel should be sent with troops to sea unless she had been properly constructed for such purpose. All charters were made allowing the department to take possession of the vessel by paying 33 per cent. profit on the valuation, and the running expenses and repairs, and be credited with the amount paid for charter. By this means a large number of vesseLs became the property of the Government, and the higher the rate of charter the sooner the vessel would pay for herself. The valuation was fixed by one or more officers of the Navy duly detailed for that duty. It is important that quartermasters should inform themselves of the kind of steamers suitable to carry troops by sea. If a side-wheel steamer, in order that the paddle wheels may be secure from the action of the waves, the projection in the side, called the spousing, should be carried up so as to make that portion as solid as any other part of the ship. This is to be done by carrying timbers, curved according to the form necessary for admitting the water to the paddles, from the floor of the ship to the very outermost projection as well as within the paddles, deviating very little from what would be the regular form of a sailing vessel. According to the best authorities, the following parts of a vessel of this kind should be increased in actual strength by one-fourth, viz: The keel, stern, apron or inner stern, futtocks, floor timbers, dead- wood, stern post, transom, inner post, frame timbers, and filling tim- bers abreast of the engine, as should also the wales, the rudder, and the rudder fastenings. The steamer should be provided with suffi- cient masts and sails, in case of accident to her motive power, which should not be less than a fore-and-aft sail to each mast, set upon a gaff, these being intended for the usual wants of the vessel; while there should also be a trysail to each mast, to be set in storms. The weight of machinery should be well below the water-line; and quartermasters should not be deceived into employing as ocean steamers river or lake vessels boxed up to resemble a sea vessel, but having broad guards only a few feet from the water, and which the first storm at sea is liable to send to the bottom. Steamers for the transportation of troops by sea should be high between decks, and well ventilated by hatches, wind-sails, and side- lights. Water-closet arrangements and temporary bath fixtures can easily be made, which contribute greatly to the health and comfort of troops on shipboard. Dampness can be obviated by the use of drying stoves. I would respectfully recommend that the arms, baggage, and knap- sacks of the troops be taken, as they embark, and stowed in a con Page 291 UNION AUTHORITIES. 291 venient place, to be returned when about to leave the ship. Soldiers from seasickness, want of use to the motion of the ship, are unable to take care of their arms, which might be damaged without the possibility of their preventing it. When a steam vessel comes alongside of a wharf or other vessel care should be taken that the gang boards are properly fixed and attended by seamen before the troops are allowed to step on them, and they ought to be made to march with regularity. The senior officer in command of troops on board should cause a careful inspection to be made twice a day relative to their condition, and if any symptoms of a contagious disease should appear among the men, they should be immediately separated from their comrades until the character of the disease is known. While a well-regulated ship is remarkable for health, one where proper precautions are not observed soon becomes a floating pest- house. A steamer for the transportation of troops should be well provided with boats ready to lower away at a moments notice. She should be fitted with sufficient life buoys, ready to be shipped or cast away if a person should fall overboard. The troops on board should on no account be allowed to interfere with the management of the ship, and arrangements should be made in case of accidents to prevent a rush to the boats. If a boat is to be lowered, it should be done by the people of the ship, and not by soldiers unaccustomed to that kind of service, which often causes loss of life. The commanding officer on board should only under extraordinary circumstances oblige the captain to put to sea, or cross a dangerous bar, to go into port, if the captain should protest against it as incur- ring risk of life and property. For the more particular guidance of quartermasters in charge of transportation I would refer to the excel- lent instructions embodied in the Revised Army Regulations of the War Department, page 20, article 37. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. D. WISE, Colonel, in Charge Ocean and Lake Transportation. No. 17. Statement of vessels chartered or employed in the Quartermasters Department (on ocean and lake service) during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1865.* RECAPITULATION. 5ide.wheel steamers 97 Screw steamers 80 Screw tugs - 53 Barks 4 Brigs Schooners 76 Pilot-boats 3 Canal-barges 95 Total 414 GEO. D. WISE, Colonel, in Charge of Ocean and Lake Transportation. * Omitted, except the Recapitulation Page 292 292 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 18. List of vessels owned by the United States and employed on ocean and lake service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.* RECAPITULATION. Side-wheel steamers 75 Propellers 40 Tugs 28 Schooners 12 Canal-barges 22 Grand total 177 GEO. D. WISE, Colonel, in Charge Third Division, Ocean and Lake Transportation. No. 19. Vessels owned and chartered January 1, 1865. (Ocean and Lake Division, Colonel Wise.) Owned. Chartered. Class- Expense per Num- Tons month, Num- Tons- Expense per her. - victualing her, month. and manning. Steamers 106 41, 822 $151, 066. 75 275 140, 822 $1 930, 849. 02 Tugs 29 3,496 23,475.50 91 11,426 182,673.70 Sailing vessels 15 1,559 4,589.00 75 15,236 67,505.21 Barges 21 2,481 2,580.00 171 23,665 69,83418 Total 171 49,358 181,711.25 612 191,149 2,250,862A1 RECAPiTULATION. Total number of vessels chartered and owned 783 Total amount of tonnage of vessels chartered and owned 240, 507 Total cost per month, victualing and manning owned vessels $181,711.25 Total cost per mouth, vessels chartered 2,250, 862. 11 Estimated cost per month, coaling owned and chartered vesselssay 50,000 tons of coal, at $8 per ton 400, 000. 00 Estimated repairs, & c 90,000. 00 Total monthly expenses 2,922,573.36 Daily expenses 97, 419. 11 Vessels owned and chartered July 1, 1865. Owned Chartered. Class. Expense per Num. Tons month, Num. Tons. Expense per her. victualing her. month. and nianning. Steamers 115 48, 175 $192, 244.00 177 99, 780 $1, 463, 850.00 Tugs 23 2,978 21,181.00 69 6,964 133,950.00 Sailing vessels 12 1,938 7,570.00 74 17, 686 88,851.00 Barges 20 2, 405 2,480. 00 100 14, 010 42, 049. 00 Total 170 55, 496 223,475. 00 420 138,440 1, 728, 700. 00 * Omitted, except the Recapitulation Page 293 UNION AUTHORITIES. 293 RECAPITULATION. Total number of vessels chartered and owned 590 Total amount of tonnage of vessels chartered and owned 193, 936 Total cost per month, victualing and manning owned vessels $223, 475.00 Total cost per month, vessels chartered 1, 728, 700.00 Estimated cost per month, coaling owned and chartered vesselssay 40,000 tons of coal, $8 per ton 320,000.00 Estimated repairs, & c 200,000.00 Total monthly expenses 2,472, 175.00 Daily expenses 82, 405. 00 Estimated average expenses for the year, $92,414 per day. Average number of vessels, with the tonnage, employed by the Third Division, Quartermaster-Generals Department, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Number. Tonnage. Steamers 351 171, 081 Tugs lii 13, 26i~ Sailing vessels 89 17, 718 Barges 168 22,903 Total 719 224,984 No. 20. List of vessels in service of Quartermasters Department supplying General Sher mans army. * SUMMARY. Steamers 73 Tugs 8 Ships 2 Brigs 1 Schooners 12 Pilot-boats 2 Total 98 GEORGE D. WISE, Colonel, in Charge Third Division. No. 21. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. U, November 8, 1865. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General: GENERAL: From the best information that we have in my office, we had in Service, supplying the armies of General Grant before Rich- mond in the spring of 1865, 190 steamers chartered and owned; 60 tugs chartered and owned; 40 sailing vessels chartered and owned; 100 barges chartered and owned; in all, 390 vessels, 120,000 tons, at a daily expense of $48,000. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. D. WISE, Colonel, in Charge of Ocean and Lake Service. No. 22. WASHINGTON, D. C., August, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General: GENERAL: In accordance with your orders I came to this city in November last to undertake the organization of the Fourth Division of * Omitted, except tile Summary Page 294 294 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. your office, charged with the general management of rail and river transportation under the recent law of Congress. Finding in addition to present current duties that there was thrown upon the division millions of dollars of complex, unadjusted accounts for services rendered in the early years of the war, and discovering that not only were Government creditors justly complaining of delay in the settlement of their claims, but that these arrears were greatly interfering with the regular business of the office, I gave the subject prompt attention, and I am glad to report that by the vigilant efforts of the division not only have these arrears of business been brought up, but by my request all transportation accounts have been trans- ferred from the general accounting office and are now being regularly audited in the Fourth Division. This change will, I think, in secur- ing a more prompt and efficient investigation by experts, result in a decided improvement. To perform this service properly, however, the clerical force should be so increased that an examination of all the accounts may be had within a month after their return, and thus errors be promptly detected, instead of continuing for months or years without a remedy. Until recently, as you are aware, there has been no uniform system in the mode of procuring transportation, in the forms used, or in settling for the same, each quartermaster acting independently, adopting such as best suited his views or convenience, some being good and others materially defective, in furnishing no proper checks, and resulting in irregularity, confusion, and much loss to the Government. Perceiving this, and convinced that a uniform system in a business so complex and important, even if not perfect, was better than none, or than many various and conflicting ones, and seeing no reason why such uniformity was not attainable and applicable to every section of the country, also satisfied that in no other way could the Government be protected from loss or its officers made familiar with their duties, it became a primary object with me to secure such system as, while it should remedy patent defects, would at the same time be satisfactory to the transportation interests of the country. This end has been, I think, to a great extent attained by General Orders, No. 17, March 16, 1865, in reference to passenger transporta- tion; by General Orders, No. 29, May 9, 1865, as to freight transpor- tation, and by General Orders, No. 18, March 16, 1865, in reference to the settlement of accounts, copies of which are herewith transmitted, together with the forms and blanks adopted and used under such orders. The system is now in general operation with most satisfac- tory results, and I believe meets not only with the general approba- tion of Government officers, but also of railroad companies and others furnishing Government transportation. There are still some defects which can only be corrected by a change in the Regulations, which will probably be made whenever a revision occurs. Experience will also doubtless suggest further improvements which should be adopted as their importance becomes obvious. A table of distances between all important points in the country has been prepared and other improvements made, which will result in a large saving of labor and expense. For such particular tabular statements as you may desire I beg leave to refer to my successor iii charge of the division, as at the pres- ent time the required reports of various officers of the department have not been returned to enable me to collect and furnish the samo Page 295 295 UNION AUTHORITIES. In conclusion, I believe the duties of the division are being satis- factorily performed, and am pleased to report that the officers and clerks have labored not only harmoniously, but with the most coin- mendable zeal and fidelity for the public interest. Some of them, I think, are fully entitled to advancement, which I trust may be given them. To Mr. Wallace, chief clerk of the railroad division, I am indebted for many snggestions and valuable improvements. His observation and experience in railroad business, combined with his energy and devotion to his duty, render him a valuable assistant. Very respectfully, LEWIS B. PARSONS, Brig. Gen. and Chief of Fourth Div., Q. 31. Generals Office. No. 23. RAIL AND RIVER TRANSPORTATION, FOURTH DIVISION. List of steamers and other vessels at Mobile and on the Mississippi River and trib utaries belonging to the United States June 30, 1865.* RECAPITULATION. 5ide-wheel steamers 34 5tern-wheel steamers 37 Center-wheel steamers 3 screw tugs 16 Ferry-boats 1 Total steamers 91 Steam-boat hulls 2 Model barges 74 Gunwale barges 226 Small wood barges 26 Box barges 3 Barges not classified 23 Total barges 352 wharf-boats 15 Canal-boats 3 Coal-boats 60 Yawl-boats 56 Sail-boats Metallic boats 1 Total boats 139 Skiffs ~.- Floating docks 1 Small flats 2 Sectional docks Total 599 ALEXANDER BLISS, Bvt. Col. and A. Q. ill., in Charge Fourth Div., Q. M. Generals Office. No. 24. OFFICE DIRECTOR AND GENERAL MANAGER MILITARY RAILROADS OF UNITED STATES, Washington, D. C., October 31, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following I)rief statement of operations of U. S. Military Railroads for the year ending June 30, 1865: A more full and comprehensive report will be made as soon as the necessary statistics can be compiled. These operations were conducted in six different fields, as follows: I. Virginia. * Omitted, except the Recapitulation Page 296 296 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC II. Military Division of the Mississippi. - III. Georgia. IV. North Carolina. V. Missouri. VI. Arkansas. 1.VIRGINIA. The following lines were in operation July 1, 1864: Terminal station. Name of line. be 0 From To. Q Miles. Alexandria and Washington Alexandria Washington 7 Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire do Vienna 10 Orange and Alexandria do Springfield 8 Norfolk and Petersburg Norfolk Suffolk 23 Seaboard and Roanoke Portsmouth do 18 City Point and Petersburg City Point Near Petersburg 8 winchester and Potomac Harpers Ferry Hailtown 6 Total 80 During the year the railroads from Alexandria and Norfolk have not borne a prominent part in extended military operations, but were used almost entirely for local purposes. In the vicinity of Petersburg thirteen miles of new railroad were built to supply the army of General Grant during his siege of that place. Upon the surrender of Petersburg, Richmond, and the army of General Lee, the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, twenty-one miles long, was immediately opened; also the line from Petersburg to Burke- ville, fifty-two miles. Statement of total number of miles operated during year ending June 30, 1865. Terminal station. Name of line. 0 From To A Miles. Alexandria and washington. . Alexandria Washington 7 Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire do . Vienna 15 Orange and Alexandria do Rappahannock 51 Manassas Gap Manassas . Piedmont 34 Norfolk and Petersburg Norfolk Suffolk 23 Seaboard and Roanoke Portsmouth do 18 City Point and Army Pitkin Station Humphreys 13 South Side City Point Burkeville 62 Richmond and I)anville Manchester Danville 140 Winchester and Potomac Harpers Ferry Stephensons 28 Richmond and Petersburg Petersburg Manchester 21 Clover Hill Branch Clover Hill Station ... Coal Mines 18 Total 430 Excepting the Winchester and Potomac Railroad, which is still operated by this department, all these roads were turned over to the original owners or to the Board of Public Works during or previous to the month of August last Page 297 UNION AUTHORITIES. 297 The largest number of persons employed in any month during the year was 4,489, in April, 1865; and the least number per month was 3,268. The expenses during the year amounted to ~4,900,000. 11.MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI. At the commencement of the year the lines in operation were as follows: Terminal station. Name of line. - From To Miles. Nashville and Chattanooga Nashville Chattanooga 151 Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson do Stevenson 200 Nashville and Northwestern do Tennessee River 78 Chattanooga and Knoxville Chattanooga Knoxville . 112 Chattanooga and Atlanta do Big Shanty 107 Cleveland and Dalton Cleveland Dalton 27 Rome Branch Kingston Rome 17 Memphis and Charleston Memphis Grand Junction 52 Total 744 In August and September, 1864, the Nashville and Clarksville Railroad, sixty-two miles long, was opened, by order of Major- General Sherman, to reach another line of water Supply for the depot of Nashville. By the capture of Atlanta, in August, the entire Chattanooga and Atlanta line, 136 miles long, was opened, and for a short time trains were run a few miles south of Atlanta on the road toward Macon, Ga. Upon the advance of General Sherman toward Savannah, in Novem- ber, the Chattanooga and Atlanta line was abandoned south of Dalton, Ga., until after the surrender of General J. E. Johnstons army, when it was reopened by order of Major-General Thomas. Some forty miles of this road were destroyed by General Hood in his great raid of October, 1864, and about the same distance by order of General Sherman, upon his leaving Atlanta. All this damage was repaired by the Construction Corps, as well as that caused during the December campaign to the railroad near Nashville, amounting in the aggregate to about 130 miles of new track. The Knoxville and Bristol line was opened in the spring of 1865 to Carters Station, 110 miles from Knoxville and to within twenty miles of the Virginia line. In West Tennessee the railroad was extended from Grand Junction to Tallahatchie River, 100 miles southeast from Memphis, in August, 1864. This line was abandoned, partially reopened, again abandoned, and again reopened, and still once more abandoned and reopened, until, on the 20th day of May, 1865, it was finally reopened to Grand Junc- tion, and June 30 to Pocahontas, seventy-five miles east of Memphis. The Mobile and Ohio road was opened in May, 1865, from Colum- bus, Ky., to Union City, Tenn., twenty-six miles Page 298 298 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. The following table shows the lines and distances upon each operated during the year: Terminal station. a u Name of line. a From To Miles. Nashville and Chattanooga Nashville Chattanooga 151 Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson do Stevenson 200 Nashville and Northwestern do Johnsonville 78 Nashville and Clarksville do Clarksville 62 Shelbyville Branch Warirace 5helbyville 9 Chattanooga and Knoxville Chattanooga Knoxville 112 Knoxville and Bristol Knoxville Carters Station 110 Cleveland and Dalton Cleveland Dalton 27 Chattanooga and Atlanta Chattanooga Atlanta 136 Rome Branch Kingston Rome 17 Atlanta and Macon Atlanta Rough and Ready - .-. 11 Memphis and Charleston Memphis Pocahontas 75 Mississippi Central Grand Junction Tallahatchie River 48 Mohile and Ohio Columbus, Ky Union City, Tenn 2ti Total 1,062 The expenditures during the year for these roads, including labor, materials, and supplies, in ronnd numbers, were $17,000,000. All the lines embraced in this military division, since merged in the Military Division of the Tennessee, were turned over in Septem- ber, 1865, to the companies owning them before the war, in obedience to the Executive order of August 8, 1865. 111.GEORGIA. In December a force of the Construction Corps with some transpor- tation men were ordered from Tennessee to Savannah, Ga., to operate such roads as General Sherman should require. Before this force reached Savannah, General Sherman had left on his march to North Carolina, and it was turned back from Hilton Head about the 1st of February and sent to New Berne, N. C. A few miles of railroad at Savannah were operated until July for local military purposes, when they were surrendered to the companies by order of the department commander. Iv.NORTH CAROLINA. The first installment of railroad operatives arrived at Morehead City on the 6th of February, 1865. At that date the railroad toward Goldsborough was in running order forty-four miles. At various times, as the country was occupied by the Union armies, the roads were opened, and on the 19th of April trains entered Raleigh. At that date there were in operation as military railroad lines the following: Miles. MorehcadCitytoGoldsborough~ 85 Wilmington to Goldsborough 95 Goldsborough to Raleigh 48 Total 228 In rebuilding these lines 2,991 linear feet of bridging was con- structed, consuming 779,510 feet, B. M., of timber. A wharf was built at Morehead City at a cost of $32,086, with an area of 53,682 square feet, and employing 700,000 feet, B. M., of timber Page 299 UNION AUTHORITIES. 299 All the railroads in this State have been returned to the original owners. The expenditures in North Carolina from February 6 to June 30, 1865, amounted to $967,847.53. V.MISSOURI. In October, 1864, orders were received to have the bridges rebuilt which had been destroyed by the rebels on the main line of the Pacific Railroad of Missouri and its southwestern branch. This work was completed April 1, 1865, at a cost of $170,564.65. YI.ARKANSA5. The only line used in this State for military purposes is a portion of the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad, between Devalls Bluff, on White River, and Little Rock, forty-nine miles long. This did not come under control of this office until May 1, 1865. At that time it was in exceedingly bad order, and required large expend- itures to make it capable of doing the work required of it. At this date it is still operated as a military railroad line. In the foregoing statements it is shown there was in operation within the last fiscal year the following aggregate number of miles of military railroad lines: Miles. In Virginia 430 In Military Division of the Mississippi I, 062 In North Carolina 228 In Arkansas Total 1,769 On these lines was the following quantity of rolling-stock, includ- ing that captured from the enemy: Division or State. Locomotives, cars. Virginia 52 631 Military Division of the Mississippi: Nashville 216 2,424 Memphis 21 200 Columbus 2 37 239 2,661 North Carolina 29 262 Arkansas 10 95 Total 310 3,652 The above does not include the locomotives and cars built in the fall and winter of 1864, which, owing to the close of the war, were never sent to the roads, but sold at the manufacturers or at points where stored. Of these, there were 35 locomotives and 492 cars of five-feet gauge, designed for the Military Division of the Mississippi and North Caro- lina; 50 cars of four feet eight and a half inch gauge, for Virginia and North Carolina; and 9 cars of same gauge used on the Western railroads to transport five-foot cars from the makers to the Ohio River, making in all 551 cars. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. C. McOALLUM, Bvt. Brig. Gem., DireCtor and Gem. 111am. Mu. Railroads, U. S. Per H. K. COOPER, in Charge Page 300 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 25. Statement showing the number of employ6s in U. S. Military Railroad Depart- ment from December, 1864, to April, 1866, taken from the officers reports of persons hired for the months given, which are on file in this office. ~0 u~ eo ce ,~ n Station. Officers. 9 a a a ~ Chattanooga, Tenn. -. - Capt. W. H. Hopkins 4,350 4,613 4,622 5,198 5, 662 Do ~cCapt. F. T. Starkweather 1,036 1,339 2,127 2,843 3,318 New Berne, N. C Nashville, Teun W. J. Stevens 9, 176 7,744 8,831 Do Capt. F. J. Crilly 29 68 2, 386 1, 263 73 Do L. H. Eicholtz 1, 196 1, 009 Memphis, Tenn Capt. John Parks 373 263 302 391 Little Rock, Ark Capt. J. H. Pratt 640 479 1, 036 774 Virginia J. J. Moore 2, 956 3, 301 3, 458 4, 082 4, 489 Total 8, 744 9, 961 23, 707 23, 477 23, 538 ALEXANDER BLISS Bvt. Col. and A. Q. M.,in (iharge Thurth Div., Q. M. Generals Office. No. 26. Statement of claims received and disposed of in the Fourth Division, Quarter- master-Generals Office, from November 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865. F~ a ,,j ~ . a 9 0 0 Nature of service. o a~cbk . 0 ~ a 9 ~ +~ 0 .cc O c.~-c~a a Employ6s on the U. S. Miii. 203 *17, 105. 58 $1, 391. 39 $7, 176. 27 $25, 673.24 tary Railroads. Emplo~son U. S. steamers, 87 25,442.52 28,715.79 494.92 54,653.23 gnn.boats, & c. Use of vessels, barges, & ..... 101 62, 063. 09 26, 138. 60 39, 038. 19 127, 239. 88 Materials furnished for use of 7 9, 721. 31 2, 275. 00 11, 996. 31 U. S. Military Railroads. Transporting troops and Gov. 1, 464 4, 575, 479. 68 889. 21 1, 112, 935. 59 $5, 341. 00 5, 694, 645. 48 ernmentsupplies byrailand stage. Lithographingtransportation 1 2,469.00 2,469. 00 orders. Advertising army transporta. 5 442. 13 442. 13 tion and proposals. Employds in Quartermasters 10 324. 61 628. 35 76. 08 1, 029. 04 Department. Supplies furnished Quarter. 4 68. 00 68.00 masters Department. Telegraphing ... 4 164. 54 105. 58 270. 12 teYeg~aph lines: ~ military 4 274.36 274.36 Materials furnished for useof 1 100.00 100.00 military telegraph. Services in the Army 2 Total 4, 693, 554. 82 60, 138. 34 1, 159, 826. 63 5, 34L 09 5, 918, 860.79 Total number of claims. 1,893 1,454 99 339 1 ALEXANDER BLISS, Brevet Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster, in Charge of Fourth Divzston. 30 Page 301 UNION AUTHORITIES. 301 No. 27.* No. 28.t No. 294 No. 30. No. 31.11 No. 32. Accounts division, Section 0. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., October 31, 1865. The following is a statement of the amounts paid Epifanio Aguirre during the months from July 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865, as taken from the money accounts of Maj. II. M. Enos for that period, viz : BENJAMIN C. CARD, Colonel, Quartermasters Dept., in Charge of Ninth Division. No. 33. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., May 10, 1865. Byt. Brig. Gen. D. C. MCCALLUM, Director and General Manager Military Railroads, United States: (Through Colonel Parsons, Division of Rail and River Transpor- tation.) GENERAL: A very large number of troops will be sent within the next twenty days from this vicinity to their respective States to be there mustered out of service. The several railway companies should be advised to prepare for the movement. Troops for the West and Southwest will probably move by the Bal- timore and Ohio Railroad to the Ohio River, which will be used as far as possible for transportation by steam-boat of troops destined for the country bordering on the Ohio and for points south of the Ohio. Troops for Saint Louis, Mo., and Kansas will probably go down the Ohio to Lawrenceburg, and then take the Ohio and Mississippi Rail- road west. Troops for Central Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois will go by Bellafre, Columbus, Indianapolis, and so on west. Troops for the Northwest, by Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Chicago, or Cleveland, Lake Erie, and Detroit. Troops for Central Pennsylvania and New York, by the Northern Central Railway to Harrisburg and Elmira. Troops for Eastern New York, New Jersey, and New England, by *For special report of Col. L. B. Parsons of the transportation of the Twenty- third Army Corps from the Tennessee to the Potomac (here omitted), see Series 1, Vol. XLVII, Part II, p. 214. t For report of Col. L. B. Parsons of movements on the Western rivers and railroads during the war (here omitted), see Series I, Vol. LII, Part I, p. 704. ~ For General Orders, No. 17, Quartermaster-Generals Office, March 16, 1865 (here omitted), see Vol. IV, this series, p. 1239. ~ For General Orders, No. 18, Quartermaster-Generals Office, March 16, 1865 (here omitted), see Vol. IV, this series, p. 1241. II For General Orders, No. 29, Quartermaster-Generals Office, May 9, 1865 (here omitted), see p. 16, ante. Details omitted. The total amount was $138,177.89 Page 302 302 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Albany, or New Haven, Hart~ ford, and Springfield. The sonnd and river boats should be used wherever possible, as affording a relaxation and rest to the troops crowded in cars, and as being cheaper generally than railroad transportation. Troops for the Northeast will go by way of New York, and the most direct routes thence to their respective destinations. It is important that in this movement, which will be large and con- tinue for some time, every possible precantion to insnre the safety and comfort of the men should be observed. For this purpose yon will put yourself in communication with the several railroad lines. You will insist upon the orders of this depart- ment, requiring cars used for transportation of troops to be carefully fitted up and provided with water and other necessary conveniences, being fully observed and enforced. Halts of the trains at proper points, to enable the soldiers to attend to the calls of nature, should be arranged. Proper stoppages for meals; in short, everything should be done to enable those soldiers who have survived the dangers of four years of warfare to reach their homes with the least inconvenience, fatigue, suffering, and danger. A copy of memorandum of routes is with this. * Orders for the movement will be given by the military commanders. It is desired that it be as rapid as is consistent with safety. I have recommended that troops going north and northeast be marched to Baltimore, believing that the siugle railroad from this point to Baltimore will be fully occupied with the movement of troops going west from the Relay house, and that for any large body of troops the quickest movement for forty miles will be made on foot. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General, Brevet Major- General. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., May 27, 1866. Brig. Gen. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: The necessary general arrangements for the transporta- tion of the troops of the armies of the Potomac and General Sherman to the points indicated by Circular 19, Adjutant-Generals Office, 1865, have been made. In order, however, to avoid delay and confusion in this city, and insure prompt forwarding to destination, I request that the command- ers of regiments, and larger commands, upon receiving orders to move, shall make their requisition at once upon Brigadier-General Rucker, leaving their commands in camp until such time as, upon conference with General Rucker, shall be fixed for departure. Five thousand men for any one section of the country are as many as should go together; 10,000 can go from here to Relay House per day, if necessary. It is requested that a list of the commands ordered to move may be each day, and as early as possible, furnished this office. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ,M. C. MEIGS,. Quartermaster- General, Brevet Mqjor- General. * See p. 303, post Page 303 UNION AUTHORITIES. 303 QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., May 27, 1865. Brig. Gen. D. H. RUCKER, Depot Quartermaster, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: Inclosed are copies of General Orders, No. 94, and Circu- lar No. 19, Adjutant-Generals Office, an estimate of troops to be mus- tered out of the armies of the Potomac and of General Sherman * also memoranda giving the routes to be taken by the troops of the several States to their points of destination, respectively. The troops will begin to move at once. Colonel Moulton, at Cin- cinnati, is prepared to provide river transportation from Parkersburg for those indicated to go by that route. Please give him timely notice of movements thither as they occur, that he may have boats ready. General Van Vliet, at New York, has been instructed to provide water transportation where practicable for forwarding from New York New England troops. The troops of Michigan and Wisconsin will take boats at Cleveland for Detroit, and those for Wisconsin again at Grand Haven for Milwaukee. The quartermaster at these points especially should receive timely notice of departure of troops to go by those routes, and at all points on the lines of railroads where change of cars must be made ample notice should be given to the quartermasters and railroad companies concerned, that they may be prepared to receive and forward the troops at once. Very respectfully, M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General, Brevet Major- General. [Inclosure.] Routes of troops returning home. Trocps of Missouri and Kansas: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Bellaire or Parkersburg, Ohio River to Lawrenceburg, Ohio and Mis- sissippi Railroad to Saint Louis, thence rail to points of destination. Troops of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Northern Alabama: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Bellaire or Parkersburg, Ohio River to Covington and Louisville, and thence rail to destination. Troops for Arkansas: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Bellaire or Parkersburg, Ohio River, Memphis, Devalls Bluff, Little Rock. Troops for Middle and Southern Illinois: Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road to Wheeling, Ohio River to Lawrenceburg, Ohio and Mississippi and Illinois Central Railroads, or Indianapolis, Terre Haute, and La Fayette, according to points of destination. Troops for Nebraska. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Bellaire or Parkersburg, Ohio River to Lawrenceburg, Ohio and Mississippi Railroad to Saint Louis, thence by river or rail, according to circum- stances. Troops for Michigan: Baltimore, Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Lake Erie, and Detroit. Troops for Northern Ohio and Northern Indiana: Baltimore, Har- risburg, Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad and connecting lines. Troops for Central Ohio: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Bellaire, Columbus. * For General Orders, No. 94 and Circular No. 19 (here omitted), see pp. 20 and 24, ante Page 304 304 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Troops for Northern Illinois: Baltimore, Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago, and connecting roads to points of destina- tion. Troops for Wisconsin: Baltimore, Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Lake Erie to Detroit, Grand Rapids, Milwaukee, and thence to different points of destination. Troops for Iowa: Baltimore, Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad to Chicago, thence by rail to Prairie du Chien, Dubuque, Fulton, Burlington, Keokuk, thence to points of destination. Troops for Minnesota: Baltimore, Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad to Chicago, thence by rail to nearest points of destination on the Mississippi River, thence by steamer. Troops for Pennsylvania: Baltimore, Harrisburg, Pittsburg, or Baltimore and Philadelphia and connecting roads. Troops for West Virginia: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Troops for New Jersey: Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Trenton. Troops for New York: Baltimo.re, Philadelphia, New York, Albany, or Baltimore, Harrisburg, and Elmira, to points of destination. Troops for New England: Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, thence by rail or water to points nearest their destination. In case of delay for want of boats at Bellaire or Parkersburg, troops to be sent so far as necessary by rail via Cincinnati. A special officer to be detailed for Bellaire or Parkersburg. Quar- termasters at other important points to be immediately advised of contemplated movements and instructed to make full preparation. Troops for the North and East to march to Baltimore, thence take rail to harrisburg or Philadelphia. Troops for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to take the cars at Alexandria and go through by rail to the Ohio River. Estimate of troops in Army of the Potomac (including Sixth Corps) and Gen- eral Shermans army whose terms will expire prior to October 1, and now under orders for muster out. .~ .~ ;~ ;~. ~,o ~ - ~ ~ - States. 5.3 5~ ~ ~e ,5~ a ~ ,~ ~ F. ~ Connecticut 2 800 200 a 1 140 295 1,435 Delaware 2 800 50 300 1, 150 Illinois 15 6, 000 1, 000 7, 000 Indiana 13 5, 200 2,000 7,200 Iowa 5 2,000 2,000 Maine 8 2,400 400 934 3,734 Maryland 2 800 500 400 1,700 Massachusetts 6 2,400 2,000 4,004 8,404 Michigan 9 3, 600 1,000 1, 500 6, 100 Missouri 5 2,000 2,000 New Hampshire 2 800 200 1 500 1,045 2,545 New Jersey 5 2,000 300 2 1,200 4,378 7, 878 New York 32 12,800 8,000 6 4,000 15,000 37, 800 Ohio 11 4,400 1,000 5,400 Pennsylvania 14 5,600 4,000 13 9,000 2, 000 20, 600 Rhode Island 1 400 300 141 841 vermont 2 800 700 1, 723 3, 223 wisconsin 7 2, 800 500 3, 300 Total 139 55,600 20,150 23 14,840 31,720 122,310 a Battery artillery Page 305 UNION AUTHORITIES. 305 RECAPITULATION. 139 three-years regiments of 1862, each regiment 400 55,600 Three-years recruits, 1862 20, 150 22 one-years regiments, 1864, and I battery 14,840 One-years recruits, 1864 31, 720 Total 122,310 WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE May 18, 1865. Exhibit of all volunteer troops in the service of the United States whose terms will expire prior to October 1, 1865, now under orders to be mustered out of service. - ci ci a ci c-c. CO - CO4 ~ ci ci States. 5~ - 5.~ ~ - ~ -~ ,o ,n ,~ c-c0 ~ ci ~o ~ 8w-c bE p nc-c -h ~ bE Z ~c Z ~ ~ Z ~1 Connecticut 7 2,800 308 a 1 140 155 3,403 Delaware 2 800 60 b4 240 314 1,414 Illinois 50 20000 1,200 2 1,600 22,800 Indiana 26 10, 400 2, 500 889 13, 789 Iowa 15 6,000 15 339 6,351 Kansas 3 1,200 4 1,204 Kentucky... 2 800 700 44 1,544 Maine 5 2,000 451 b4 240 739 3,430 Maryland 4 1,600 618 909 3,127 Massachusetts 8 3, 200 3, 921 016 1, 880 2, 129 11, 130 Michigan 10 4,000 1,400 2,864 8,264 Minnesota 5 2,000 726 1 600 1,247 4,573 Missouri 3 1,200 592 8 4,800 6,592 New Hampshire 6 2, 400 431 d8 480 570 3, 881 New Jersey 5 2,000 350 2 1,200 3 335 6 885 New York 42 16, 800 9, 000 6 4, 000 18: 173 47, 973 Ohio 32 12,800 3,200 6 4,000 4,627 24,627 Pennsylvania 18 7, 200 5, 000 17 12, 630 7,928 32, 758 Rhode Island 1 400 500 b 1 60 81 1, 041 Vermont 4 1, 600 1, 300 1,723 4, 623 West Virgiuia 2 800 300 1,313 2,413 Wisconsin 7 2, 800 1, 000 4 2, 600 2, 017 8, 417 Total 257 102, 800 33, 572 e 80 34, 470 49, 400 220, 242 a Batlery. b Companies. - o Twelve companies of artillery and four companies of infantry. d Seven companies of artillery and one company of infantry. e One battery, thirty-three companies, and forty-six regiments. NOTEThis includes the Army of the Potomac and General Shermans army. The number from these two armies is 122,310. See estimate of May 18, 1865 [next, ante] - RECAPITULATION. 257 three-years regiments, 1862, each /10 men 102, 800 Three-years recruits, 1862 33, 572 46 regiments, 33 companies, and 1 battery. one-years men, 1864 34, 470 One-years recruits, 1864 49,400 Total 220, 242 WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, May 30, 1865. No. 34. DIVISION OF REGULAR SUPPLIES, QUARTERMASTERGENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. U, October 16, 1865. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: In compliance with instructions received from the Quartermaster-General, per circular July 24, 1865, I have the honor to submit the following report: I was appointed as chief of the division of regular supplies of the 20 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 306 306 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Quartermaster-Generals Office, September 7, 1864, at which time I was on duty in the city of New York as purchasing officer of forage for the entire armies of the East, together with depots on the sea-coast as far south as Mobile, Ala., and in part the depot of New Orleans. The importance of prompt supplies to the armies and depots above alluded to was deemed sufficient to justify my remaining in New York until January 1, 1865, at which time I assumed personally the supervision of the business of this division. From the date of my appointment as chief of this division until January 1, 1865, Bvt. Brig. Gen. Charles Thomas supervised the examination of contracts, and Col. B. C. Card the examination of claims connected therewith. Upon entering on duty in this office I at once opened record books of all existing contracts, carefully examining and entering all con- tracts made since, comparing prices therein with the market value of supplies at posts where the contracts were made, and directing the places at which contracts should be made, as the large demands upon certain markets rendered this necessary to prevent holders of supplies from taking advantage of the wants of the Government. Records have been kept of the quantities delivered upon contracts from month to month, canceling each contract at time of its expiration. Daily reports have been required from the principal depots of sup- ply, and weekly reports from all others, showing the quantities on hand, afloat to be received, and quantities due on contracts, keeping this office constantly informed relative to the state of supplies at all posts; enabling the Quartermaster-General to prevent the accumula- tion of large supplies when posts might be abandoned. The establishing of purchasing and contracting depots at prominent points where supplies are prodnced, or large accumulations are thrown upon the market, has greatly concentrated the business of this divis- ion, and the withdrawal of so many purchasing officers, destroying the competition created by them when seeking supplies in the same market, has been of great advantage to the interests of the Govern- ment. CLAIMS. The records of this division show that from January 1, 1865, to date there have been received 6,852 claims, which have been acted on as follows: Number. Amount. Settled 1, 266 $319, 336. 36 Rejected 1, 379 552, 623. 95 Suspended awAiting evidence 541 428, 649.07 Not acted on 3, 666 1, 248,842. 37 Total 6, 852 2, 549, 451. 75 The examination of these claims, especially those presented under act of July 4, 1864, has been critical in relation to the following points: First. As to the actual use by the Army of stores for which payment is claimed. Second. As to the past and present loyalty of the claimants and witnesses. Third. Whether the signatures of the certifying officers were gen- nine. After the above points have been considered the claims have been generally referred to the provost-marshals of the districts where th Page 307 UNION AUTHORITIES. 307 claimants reside for all additional information which was thought auxiliary to a just decision in each case. A very large number have been rejected on account of ascertained disloyalty of both claimants and witnesses. The procurement of supplies for the fiscal year has been made prin- cipally by contract at all depots of supplies, except those procured at New York City, up to January 1, 1865, where the quantities required under the exigencies of the service were such as to render it neces- sary to purchase in open market. Many purchases have been made by the officers in the field to sup- ply the demand on the march, of which this division has no informa- tion, nor can this information be obtained except by examination of all the official returns forwarded to the Quartermaster-General. The quantities of stationery purchased and used by the Army it is impossible to obtain, as all contracts for the same show only the prices of articles, the quantities in all cases to be delivered as required. ~J7 he official reports of officers receiving the stationery, which are too numerous for examination, are the only data by which it can be gained. The schedule annexed shows the quantities of forage and fuel delivered on contract, in which the deliveries are specified, and pur- chases made in open market, not including those made by officers in the field, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. The contracts at all large purchasing depots have been made, in most cases, for quantities to be delivered as required, at prices named. The quantity received on this class of contracts cannot be ascertained from the contracts at present, but the aggregate must be much greater than that arrived at in Schedule A. The reason for making contracts of this kind was the impossibility of knowing what quantity would be required for the Army, depend- ing on the place of purchase, as well as to prevent the accumulation of supplies at posts which could be supplied to advantage from other points. Since the close of the war this mode of contracting has been adopted almost entirely, to prevent the accumulation of supplies at posts which would soon be abandoned. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. L. BROWN, Colonel, in Charge Regular Supplies. REGULAR SUPPLIES. A.Consolidated report of deliveries of forage and fuel on contracts specify- ing quantities, purchases in open market reported, and official reports received at Quartermasters Department for fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. . ~ .~ o ci ci ~ -~ a a 0 o 02 ~ Bushels. Bushels. Bushels Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Cords. Tons. Received on contracts 4, 681, 247 9, 979, 829 33, 311 296, 675 3, 196 225, 796 176, 889 specifying amount to be delivered. Purchased in open 1, 221, 026 ii, 759,402 10,000 111, 124 2,442 146 614 110, 373 655, 563 market. Amounts reported re- 3, 055, 699 5, 027 ceived by officers for fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, not in cluded in the above. Total 5, 902, 273 23, 794, 930 43, 311 407, 799 10,665 146 614 336, 169 832, 45 Page 308 308 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Approximate valuation of articles. (Join $8, 558,296 Oats 23,794,930 Barley 64,967 Hay 13, 049, 568 Straw 213, 300 Feed 219 Fodder 307 Wood 1, 680,845 Coal 8, 324, 520 Total 55,686, 952 No. 35. DIVISION OF REGULAR SUPPLIES, QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. 0., October 17, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster-General U. S. Army, Washington, D. U.: GENERAL: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, Quarter- master-Generals Office, July 1, 1865, I have the honor to submit the following as my personal report for the year ending June 30, 1865: My report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, was transmitted to the Quartermaster-General November 28, 1864. At the commencement of the fiscal year of 186465 I was on duty in the city of New York, under my commission as captain and assist- ant quartermaster, engaged in the purchase, procurement, and shipment of forage. September 7, 1864, in accordance with the law of July 4, 1864, reor- ganizing the Quartermasters Department, I was assigned to duty in charge of the Fifth Division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office, with the rank of colonel, to date from August 2, 1864. September 8, 1864, Special Orders, No. 298, Adjutant-Generals Office, directed that I should turn over my property and duties in New York City, under such instructions as might be given me by the Quarter- master-General, and report in person to him and enter upon my duties as chief of the Fifth Division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office. The fact that I was supplying forage for the entire armies of the East and the Atlantic and Gulf sea-coast depots, and the importance of keeping up the supply, in the opinion of the Quartermaster-General, justified my remaining in New York and giving my personal atten- tion to these shipments until January 1, 1865, at which time I reported in person to the Quartermaster-General and entered upon my duties as chief of the division of regular supplies of the Quartermaster- Generals Office. Preparatory to my departure from New York City, Capt. E. D. Chapman, assistant quartermaster, was, by Special Orders, No. 395, Adjutant-Generals Office, November 12, 1864, directed to repair at once to New York Citythis order relieving him from duty at Saint Louis, Mo.and relieve me from my duties as forage officer; and I was by the same order directed, on being relieved, to report to the Quartermaster-General in person. December 20, 1864, I turned over to Captain Chapman all the quartermasters property for which I was responsible, and, as before stated, entered upon my duties in charge of the Fifth Division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office, where I still remain. The Schedules A, C, CC, D, and G, and the statement of public moneys called for by General Orders, No. 39, are hereto attached Page 309 UNION AUTHORITIES. 309 No clothing or camp and garrison equipage having been in my pos- session during the fiscal year, the Schedule B has not been prepared. Schedules E and F, of property captured from the enemy, are not fur- nished, no such property having come under my control. My entire business as forage officer has been conducted by myself personally, no officer having ever been detailed to assist me. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. L. BROWN, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. No. 36. Statement of public moneys for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. On hand July 1,1864 $835,369.46 Received from officers during the year 260,719.52 Received from Treasury Department during the year 19,515,000.00 Received from sales of property and other sources during the year 30,462.32 Total 20,641,551.30 Expendedduringtheyear 19,544,351.44 Transferred to officers during the year 850,500.00 Remaining on hand June 30, 1865 246,699.86 Total 20,641,551.30 Balance on hand is deposited as follows: U. S. Treasury certificates 204,371.20 Cash 89,341.61 National Bank of Commerce 2,665.76 First National Bank of Washington, D. C 321.29 Total~ 246,699.86 I certify that the above statement is correct. S. L. BROWN, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. No. 37. C.Statement of amount paid on account of rail, river, stage, and wagon trans- portation by Col. S. L. Brown, Quartermasters Department, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Transportation. Railroads. 5team-boats, 5tages. Wagons, barges, & c. & o. Passengerscivilians $1, 883. 10 Freight 248, 774.76 $1,910, 090. 64 $21,061. 96 Total 250, 657. 86 1, 910, 090. 64 21,061.96 Expenditures 1,624. 58 9,710. 00 Grand total 252,282.44 1,919,800.64 21, 061.96 Aggregate $2,193,145.04. I certify that the above statement is correct. S. L. BROWN, Colonel, Quartermasters Department Page 310 310 CORRESPONI)ENCE, ETC. No. 38. CC.Statement of arnou~ut paid on account of ocean and lake transportation by Col. S. L. Brown, Quartermasters Department, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Freight $1,890,109.46 Expenditures ~ 9,710.00 Total. ____ 1 899,810.46 I certify that the above statement is correct. S. L. BROWN, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. No. 39. D.Statement of all troops and stores transported by Col. S. L. Brown, Quarter masters Department, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Passen Kinds of transportation. gers, Quarterinas. civil- ters stores. jails. Not owned or run by Government: Tens. Lbs. Railroads 1, 773 81, 503 Steam-boats, barges, & c 273, 545 799 Stages Wagons, & c 123, 475 1, 301 Total not owned or run by Government 1,773 478, 524 Owned or run by Government: Railroads Steam-boats, barges, & c Total owned or run by Government Grand total 1, ~ 478, 524 I certify that the above statement is correct. S. L. BROWN, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. No. 40. Report of quantity and approximate valuation of forage shipped to armies on the James River during the winter of 186465. Month. Corn. Oats. Hay. Straw. Approximate valuation. 1864. Bushels. Bushels. Tens. Tens. September 76, 087 1, 237, 972 9, 641. 12 410.90 $1, 877, 336.92 October 166, 902 505, 156 5, 515.00 452. 18 1, 048, 234.77 November 118, 355k 540, 645 5, 341. 13 139. 17 964, 261. 00 December 41, 780 455, 836 8, 290. 80 119. 20 933,511. 39 1865. January 21, 259 736, 586 6, 084. 60 76. 40 1,154, 628. 03 February 35,235 683,546 3,756.15 111.13 959, 153. 91 March 63, 583 489, 018 5, 800. 00 147. 16 976, 894. 28 April 38, 829 595, 359 11,011. 11 239. 00 1, 229, 513.70 Total 562, OlOft 5, 244, 118 54, 441. 50 1,696. 19 9, 173,534. 00 And 90,547 tons of coal, costing $1,099.21 I certify that the above report is correct. S. L. BROWN, Colonel, in Charge Division of Regular Supplies. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., October 25, 1865 Page 311 311 UNION AUTHORITIES. No. 41. Statement of the cost of transportation of grain delivered at stations on the plains by contractors, and the transportation being a part of the price. Cost of trans- portation per 100 pounds per 100 miles. From Fort Leavenworth to ,~ ~ 6 9 z z o 0 6 6 0 0 0 Mtles. Pounds. Olathe 63 3, 360, 000 $2. 05 $43, 394.40 Paoli J4 3, 360, 000 2. 05 64, 747.20 Foit Scott 125 5,360,000 2.05 137, 600.00 Fort Zarab 252 996, 800 2. 05 51, 494. 69 Fort Lyon 510 1, 848, 000 2. 05 193, 208. 40 Fort Lamed 287 280, 000 2. 05 16, 473. 80 Camp Fillmore 630 1,008,000 2. 05 190, 183. 20 a697, 101. 69 Omaha 840,000 (b) (b) Fort Keamny 286 1, 120, 000 $2. 26 72,392. 32 Cottonwood 376 1, 120, 000 2. 26 95, 549. 12 Julesburg 486 1, 120, 000 2. 26 123, 016. 32 Valley Station 526 1, 120, 000 2. 26 133, 141. 12 Collins 693 560, 000 2. 26 87, 706. 08 Fort Laramie 620 2, 520, 000 2. 26 353,102. 40 Fort Halleck 750 560, 000 2. 26 94, 915. 00 Denver 683 8, 120, 000 2. 26 1,253, 386. 36 Caflon City 698 336, 000 2. 05 55, 058. 24 Camp San born c198 1,680,000 2.05 240,391.20 Dakota City clOP 448,000 2.05 10,010.56 Pawnee Agency c117 336, 000 2.05 8,058.96 Lawrence 840,000 (d) (d) e2, 528, 727. 68 Total 36, 932, 800 3, 223, 829. 37 A true exhibit. a Route No.2. b No transportation; corn delivered at $26,250. o Estimated distance. dNo transportation; corn delivered at $29,700. e Route No. 1. S. L. BROWN, Colonel, in Charge of Fifth Division. No. 42. DIVISION OF REGULAR SUPPLIES, QUARTERMASTERGENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. 0., October 30, 1865. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: AS requested in your circular of July 24, 1865, I have the honor to Submit the following report of the operations of the Quartermasters Department in the procurement of regular supplies during the past four years of war: To obtain a complete statement of the quantity of forage, fuel, and stationery purchased it will be necessary to make an analysis of the returns of all officers of the Quartermasters Department, which can- not be done at present. Reports have been received from some of the most prominent offi- cers engaged in the purchase of forage and fuel. The purchases of other officers by contract, where quantities to be delivered are stated, have been collected from the contracts on file Page 312 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. 312 The material thus obtained is collated in Schedule A, of which the following is a brief summary: Quantity. Cost. Corn bushels 22, 816, 271 $29,879, 314.01 Oats do 78, 663, 799 76, 362, 026. 83 Hay tons 1, 518, 621 48.595, 872. 00 Strsw do 21,276 425,520.00 Wood cords 551,436 2, 757, 100. 00 Coal tons 1, 620, 910 13, 777,735.00 Stationery (approximate) 2,571,200. 00 Total 174,368, 847.84 Although this is an immense quantity of supplies, it does not cover the full consumption, as many contracts, especially for straw, wood, and cQal, call for deliveries as required; hence quantities pur- chased under these contracts are not included in Schedule A, nor are the quantities of forage and fuel purchased on the march included. The stationery purchased could not be ascertained, and nothing but its approximate cost is stated in the schedule. To show the operations of a single depot, the reports of General D. H. Rucker, showing issues of the depot of Washington during the war, are inclosed, marked B and C, from which it appears that the issues of that depot from May 1, 1861, to October 1, 1865, were: Corn, 241,633,972 pounds, or 4,314,892 bushels; oats, 924,273,963 pounds, or 28,883,500 bushels; mixed grain, 19,049,151 pounds, or 432,935 bushels; hay, 982,163,849 pounds, or 491,081 tons; straw, 30,681,907 pounds, or 15,349 tons; coal, 877,992,141 pounds, or 391,900 tons; wood, 209,846 cords. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. L. BROWN, Colonel, in Charge Regular Supplies. No. 43. AApproximate statement of purchases of regular supplies during four years of war ending June 30, 186i5. Names of purchasing officers. Corn. Oats. Hay. Straw. Wood. Coal. Bushels Bushels Tons Tons. Cords Tons. Maj. Gen. D. H. Rucker 1. 646,486 10, 530, 482 226, 501 3, 864 134, 587 35,301 Ma.j. Gen. R. Allen 8,864, 173 26, 234, 423 377, 518 Brig. Gen. s. van Vliet 96, 112 1, 732,628 32, 074 j583j~ Col. S. L. Brown a 1,750,922 17.929,990 269, 814 6,193 Col. James Belger 1,229, 385 2.815. 287 66. 063 2. 202 35, 317 59. 627 Capt. E. D. Cbapmanb 321, 086 3,025. 457 31, 097 1, 280 Capt. S. D. Burchard 191, 081 2, 023, 863 40, 634 1, 612 Capt. C. W. Holt 201.059 5, 004 Captains McClung and Phelps, Cm. 2, 084,673 2, 388, 722 66,846 cinnati, Ohio. Col. W. W. McKim 838,533 Capt. James Brooks 238, 193 Other officers, as percontracts on file 6, 632, 353 11,781, 888 403, 070 6, 125 381,532 290,914 in Quartermaster.Generals Office. Total 22,816, 271 78, 663, 799 1,518,621 21, 276 551, 436 1, 620, 910 a This does not include purchases made by Colonel Brown under General Ruckers orders. b This does not include purchases made by Captain Chapman under General Allens orders. APPROXIMATE vALUATION.5 I certify that the above 8tatement is correct. S. L. BROWN, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. * Omitted. Embodied in Brown to Meigs, next, ante Page 313 UNION AUTHORITIES. 313 No. 44. B.Summary statement of the amount of forage received, issued, and transferred at the depot of Washington bij assistant quartermasters since .May 1, 1861. RECEIVED. Abstract ID. Station, and names of officers. Corn. Oats. Mix.ed Hay. Straw. grain. Washington, D. 0. Capt. E. L. Hartz Capt. J. J. Dana Capt. J. M. Robinson Capt. S. L.Brown Capt. E. S. Allen Capt. S. B. Lauffer Alexandria, Va. Capt. C. B. Ferguson Capt. W. Stoddard Capt. 3. G. C. Lee Capt. T. G. Whytal Capt. I. N. Buck Total Pounds. 2,362,880 44, 461,524 889,896 15, 204,887 20,498, 258 8,785, 822 Pounds. 11,166,354 80,978, 466 27,724,384 27, 101, 388 167, 617, 644 22, 387, 194 Pounds. 10, 365, 320 3,709, 0i4 Pounds. 17,642, 141 127, 041, 522 20, 843, 644 1,636, 247 46, 187, 230 217, 829,822 63,660 21, 758,086 92, 203, 267 336, 975, 430 14, 074, 334 453, 002, 352 Pounds. 1, 059,278 3, 119, 883 1, 885, 523 702, 7 Li 462, 192 460, 141 40,000 7,729, 728 Abstracts E and N. Station, and names of officers. Corn. Oats. Mixed Hay. Straw. grain. Washington, D. 0. Capt. E. L. Hartz Capt. J. J. Dana Capt. J. M. Robinson Capt. S. L. Brown Capt. E. S. Allen Capt. S. B. Lauffer Pounds. 5,296,273 a47,583, 867 11,177,749 41, 235,407 10, 153, 626 Alexandria, Va. Capt. C. B. Ferguson Capt. W. Stoddard Capt. 3. G. C. Lee Capt.T.G.Whytal Capt. I. N Buck Total 9, 126, 706 6, 838,686 5,834,421 12,479, 909 1,969, 132 Pounds. 19,963,120 a77,757, 578 14,320, 999 212, 550, 942 90,241,846 10, 112, 177 10,071,056 29,274, 634 118,978,664 28,446, 361 Pounds. 97, 657 3, 526, 227 Pounds. 25, 067, 955 a 110,408, 661 24, 362, 526 148,017, 617 97, 722, 649 9, 309, 641 5, 268, 405 29, 073, 406 65, 115, 394 17, 849, 231 151,695, 776 611, 717, 377 4, 974, 817 532, 195, 485 Pounds. 1,229, 553 a4,983, 018 1, 574,601 7,236, 192 3,970,782 49, 790 61, 516 498. 950 1,702,892 502, 778 21,810,072 a Abstracts D, E, and N Page 314 314 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 44.B.Summary statement of the amount of forage received, issued, and transferred at the depot of Washington by assistant quartermasters since May 1, 1861Continued. ISSUED. Abstracts G, H, L, and M. Station, and names of officers. Corn. Oats. Mixed glain. Hay. Straw. Washington, D. C. Pounds. ~Pounds. Pounds Pounds. Pounds. Capt. E. L. Hartz 7, 659, 153 31, 129, 474 42, 740, 096 2,288, 831 Capt. J. J. Dana 47, 583, 867 77, 757, 578 110, 408, 661 4,983, 018 Capt. J. M. Robinson Capt. S. L. Brown 57, 317, 155 96, 857, 127 158, 125, 984 7, 220, 329 Capt. E. S. Allen 42, 125, 303 239, 285, 326 1, 350, 933 168, 861, 261 9, 121, 715 Capt. S. B. Lau0br 10, 118, 796 84, 388, 138 96,831,754 3,557,323 Alexandria, Va. Capt. C. B. Ferguson 24, 331, 593 36,893, 075 55, 163, 613 516, 175 Capt. W. Stoddard 27, 336, 944 177, 688, 700 10, 365, 320 223, 098, 227 521, 657 Capt. J. G. C. Lee 5, 519, 870 25, 208, 105 97, 657 24, 233, 470 465, 558 Capt. T. 0-. Whytal 18, 731, 316 133, 405, 307 7, 235, 241 86, 876, 030 1, 742, 892 Capt. I. N. Buck 909, 975 21, 661, 133 15, 824, 753 264, 409 Total 241, 633, 972 924, 273, 963 19,049, 151 982, 163, 849 30, 681,907 RECAPITULATION. Abstracts. Corn. Oats. Mixed grain. Hay. Straw. Received: Abstract I) Abstracts E and N Total Issued: Abstracts 0-, H, L, and EL.. Pounds. 92, 203267 [51, 695, 776 143,899, 043 141,633,972 Pounds. Pounds. 336, 975, 430 14, 074, 334 611, 717, 377 4, 974, 817 948, 602, 807 19, 049, 151 924, 273, 963 19, 049, 151 Pounds. 453, 002, 352 532, 195, 485 985, 197, 837 982, 163, 849 Poundg. 7, 729, 728 21, 810,072 29, 539, 800 30, 681, 907 I certify that the above statement is as correct a compilation as can be made from reports received at this office and papers which are now accessible at the depot. D. H. RUCKER, Brevet Major-General and Chief Quartermaster, Depot of Washington. No. 45. C.Consolidated statement of the quantity of fuel received, issued, and transferred at the depot of Washington by assistant quartermasters since May 1, 1861. Received. Issued and trans- ferred. N. Abstracts F, L, Station, and names of officers. Abstract ID. Abstracts E and and M. Coal. Wood. Coal. Wood. Coal. Wood. Washington, D. C. Pounds. 6ords. Pounds. Cords. Pounds. Cords. Capt. E. L. Hartz 27, 551, 787 78, 031 204, 111, 902 52, 741 231, 663, 689 130, 772 Capt. James M. Moore 33, 151,680 8, 150 83, 546, 510 7, 572 113, 698, 190 14, 722 Alexandria, Va Capt. C. B. Ferguson 14, 230,116 48,406 167, 345, 949 8, 082 174, 408, 065 40, 400 Bvt. Lieut. Col. ,T. G. C. Lee 2, 349, 330 386, 239, 815 ~9, 679 358, 222, 197 23, 952 Total 77, 282, 913 134, 587 838, 244, 176 98, 074 877, 992, 141 209,84 Page 315 UNION AUTHORITIES. 315 No. 45.C .Consolidated statement of the quantity of fuel received, issued, and transferred at the depot of Washington by assistant quartermasters since May 1, 1861Continued. RECAPITULATION. Abstracts. Coal. Wood. Received: Pounds. Cords. Abstract ID 77, 282,913 134, 587 Abstracts E and N 838,244,176 98,074 Total 915,527,089 232,661 Issued: Abstracts F, L, and M 877, 992,141 209,846 I certify that the above statement is as correct a compilation as can be made from reports received at this office and papers which are now accessible at the depot. D. H. RUCKER, Brevet Major-General and Chief Quartermaster, Depot of Washington. No. 46. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. 0., October 16, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army: GENERAL: In compliance with your circular of July 24, 1865, desir- ing reports of the operations of the several divisions of this office during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, & c., I have the honor to report as to the Sixth Division: That the most costly structures which have been erected by the Quartermasters Department during the period above mentioned were for hospital purposes. The most important are hospitals at Indianapolis, Ind.; Newark, N. J.; Worcester, Mass.; Manchester, N. H.; Baltimore, Md.; Nashville, Tenn., and enlargement of hospital at Hilton Head, S. C. Under provisions of General Orders, No. 24, Quartermaster-Gen- erals Office, April 29, 1865, construction and extension of all bar- racks, hospitals, and other buildings ceased. But few special cases were reported in which continuance of work was ordered under para- graph VII of above-mentioned order. With the reduction of the troops, hospitals, barracks, & c., were from time to time reported upon as vacant by the chief quartermas- ters of departments or by duly authorized inspectors. Recommenda- tions to the Secretary of War for the sale of such public buildings as were no longer required for the service have been made, and, when authorized, the buildings have been sold at public sale aft.er due notice by advertisement. I proposed to present a tabular statement of the original cost and of the amount received from the sales of public buildings erected during the war, but at present this office does not possess the requisite data to prepare such a statement. The attention of the chief quartermasters of military divisions has been called to the failure on the part of some of their subordinates to comply with the requirements of General Orders, No. 3, Quarter- master-Generals Office, 1864, and it is hoped that the material for a satisfactory and complete report of all hospitals, barracks, store- houses, & c., may soon be collected, from which an accurate state- ment of the number, cost, and proceeds of sale of such structures, a Page 316 3I~3 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. also of the amount of rents paid for buildings used for the public service, may be prepared. It was prQposed to obtain this information in part from the investigations of the officers recommended to examine the accounts of officers of this department at the Treasury. The work connected with the consideration of claims and questions arising from the occupation of grounds and buildings for the pur- poses of the military service occupies the attention of my assistant, Bvt. Col. J. B. Howard, U. S. Volunteers, and of four of the five clerks acting under my supervision. Since the organization of the Sixth Division 2,479 claims of this character have been presented, amounting to $1,587,181.47, of which 751 have been referred to the Treasury or to officers of this department for settlement, amounting to $183,452. 30; 1,054 have been rejected, amounting to $446,163.32, and claims (674) to the amount of $957,565.85 still await examination and final action. Apart from the cost of construction and proceeds of sales of public buildings the operations of this division can hardly be tabulated. The correspondence incident to its operations is extensive and varied, and the want of office room only prevents me from applying for, or employing on my own report of persons, several additional clerks for the more speedy disposition of current business. The examination of reports of officers of this department relative to payment of commutation of fuel and quarters should, I think, be made in this division, as decisions on the validity of orders entitling officers to such allowance, together with the questions incident thereto, demand special investigation. A statement of the number of interments registered during the war, white and black, loyal and disloyal, so far as reports have been received at this office under General Orders, No. 40, Quartermaster- Generals Office, 1865, is respectfully submitted herewith. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. J. DANA, Colonel, Quartermasters Department, U. S. Army. GENERAL ORDERS, QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 40. Washington, D. 0., July 3, 1865. Officers of the Quartermasters Department on duty in charge of the several principal posts will report to this office without delay the number of interments registered during the war, white and black, loyal and disloyal, to be separately enumerated. All officers of the Quartermasters Department who have made inter- ments on battle-fields during the war will report the number of the same, giving the localities, dates of battles, and dates of interments. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General, Brevet iiijajor- General Page 317 UNION AUTHORITiES. 317 No. 47. Statement of the number of interments registered during the war, white and black, loyal and disloyal, so far as reports have been received at this office under General Orders, No. 40, Quartermaster-Generals Office, 1865. Report States. Reports of inter- 4 to ~ 0 to ments ~. 0 0 0 H 1865. 1865. Missouri Sept. 14 Aug. 5 10, 695 837 10,150 1, 382 627 12, 159 Illinois Sept. 4 Aug. 1 11, 718 219 5, 776 6, 161 360 1, 482 13, 779 Indiana Aug. 30 Aug. 1 6, 005 67 2,925 3, 147 6, 072 Ohio Aug. 19 Aug. 1 1, 338 3 1, 121 220 1, 341 Michigan Sept. 19 Aug. 1 149 149 149 Pennsylvania Aug. 15 Aug. 1 355 342 13 355 Massachusetts Aug. 15 Aug. 1 238 43 281 281 District of Columbia July 31 July 19 12, 347 5, 620 17, 493 474 17, 967 Maryland A ug. 16 July 26 5, 555 250 5, 576 229 10 5, 815 Kentucky Aug. 15 Aug. 1 6, 778 2, 059 8, 516 301 8, 837 Louisiana Aug. 29 A ug. 1 7,441 5, 786 12, 951 276 13, 227 New York Aug. 7 Aug. 1 3, 140 71 3, 000 211 3, 211 Connecticut July 28 June 30 222 64 285 1 286 Rhode Island Aug. 9 Aug. 1 333 26 353 6 359 Virginia July 27 July 1 3, 803 308 4, 075 36 35 59 4, 205 South Carolina Aug. 14 Aug. 1 649 681 1,325 5 1,330 Tennessee Sept. 6 Aug. 14 10, 025 186 10, 077 134 195 1, 957 12,363 Reinterments. Andersonville Oct. 21 Oct. - 12, 912 12, 912 12,912 Spotsylvania ~~Oct 21 Oct. 1, 500 1, 500 1, 500 Wilderness Total 95, 203 16,220 98, 827 12,596 600 4, 125 116, 148 Total number of whites interred 95, 803 Total number of blacks interred 20, 345 I certify that the foregoing is a correct abstract of reports received at this office under General Orders, No. 40, Quartermaster-Generals Office, 1865, and on special reports of Captain Moore. J. J. DANA, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. No. 48. Extract from annual report of Capt. J. Al. Moore, assistant quarter master, U. S. Army, for the year ending June 30, 1865k WASHINGTON, D. C. * * * * * * * The charge of the National Cemeteries and burial of deceased sol- diers and others dying in the service of the United States in hospitals in and about Washington is under the jurisdiction of this office, and is probably the most important of my specialties. It was deemed advisable at the expiration of the burial contract, December 31, 1863, for the Government to manufacture all the coffins required for inter- ments in the National Cemeteries, as well as those needed for ship.- ment to distant points. The coffins now issued cost less than one-half the price paid by contract and are far superior. The hearses used for transportation to the graves are covered ambulances, painted black, and are well suited for the purpose. The tablets or head- boards are principally of white pine, with the exception of some 4,000 of black walnut, purchased more than two years ago. The Page 318 318 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. are painted in white and lettered in black, with the name, company, regiment, and date of death. I would here remark that unless tab- lets are painted before lettering the wood will absorb the oil in the paint and the rain soon wash off the lead in the lettering. By much pains and labor I have succeeded in preparing a mortuary record for future reference, giving a succinct history of the deceased, every page of which has been compared with the records of hospitals, and up to the present date believed to be the most reliable register of the dead extant. Information is daily furnished to numerous friends respecting deceased soldiers, and frequently before it can be obtained elsewhere, as the record is always kept up to date, no matter how great may be the mortality. In accordance with Special Orders, No. 132, headquarters Middle Military Division, Washington, D. C., June 7, 1865, I proceeded to the battle-fields of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court-House for the purpose of superintending the interments of the reniajus of Union soldiers yet unburied and marking their burial places for future iden- tification. This work was commenced on the 12th and completed on the 24th of that month. Careful search was made over the above- mentioned battle-fields, and the remains of all soldiers, both Union and rebel, interred, and headboards, with name, rank, and regiment, placed at each grave (with some exceptions in cases of rebels) when it was possible to identify the deceased. The words Unknown U. S. soldiers, killed May 10, 1864, on a neat tablet, mark the remains of our own soldiers that could not be identified. On the battle-ground of the Wilderness two cemeteries are laid out, inclosed by a paling fence. Cemetery No. 1 is on the Orange Court- House turnpike, about two miles from the Wilderness Tavern, and contains the remains of 108 men. Cemetery No. 2 is on the Orange Court-House plank road, about two miles and a half from the junc- tion of the Orange Court-House turnpike, and contains 534 men. The sites are well adapted for the resting-places of those who fell in the vicinity, having been selected where the carnage appeared to be the greatest. It was no unusual occurrence to observe the bones of our men close to the abatis of the enemy; and in one case several skeletons of our soldiers were found in their trenches. The bones of these men were gathered from the ground where they fell, having never been interred, and by exposure to the weather for more than a year all traces of their identity were entirely obliterated. On the battle-field of Spotsylvania but few men were found unbur- ied, many of them having been interred by a Mr. Sanford, who resides at Spotsylvania Court-House, in compliance with an agree- ment to that effect with General Sherman while on his march to Washington City. Over 700 names were found in this battle-field, and tablets erected in memory of the deceased. It was my intention to remove those partly buried to a suitable site for a cemetery, but the weather being exceedingly warm, and the unpleasant odor from decayed animal matter was so great as to make the removal impracticable. They were, however, carefully recovered with earth and entirely hidden from view. Hundreds of graves on these battle-fields are without any mark whatever to designate them, and so covered with foliage that the visitor will be unable to find the last resting-places of those who have iallen until the rains and snows of winter wash from the surface the light covering of earth and expose their remains Page 319 UNION AUTHORITIES. 319 The work on the cemetery in the vicinity of Old Soldiers Home has been completed, the ground refenced, a neat and handsome lodge erected, a garden laid out, the graves sodded, the walks graveled, and choice flowers and trees planted. Great care and attention have also been paid to the Harmony Burial Ground, where all soldiers dying of infectious diseases, and contra- bands, are interred. The improvement of the National Cemeteries has been a source of great gratification to all who visit them, and entirely dissipates the prevailing opinion of those living remote from Washington that soldiers were irreverently or carelessly buried. At Arlington Cemetery a new road has been made by leveling, in part, the hill on the south side of the mansion, by bridging small streams and by grading and ditching from the mansion, where it commences, to the new lodge on the Alexandria road, where it ends. A large number of well-selected shade trees and choice flowers have been planted, the gardens on both sides of the mansion improved and refenced, and the graves sodded; indeed, the place so trans- formed as hardly to be recognized by persons who had previously visited it. * * * * * * * Number of deaths reported from August 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865.~ [JULY 1, 1865.Report of Capt. James N. Moore of burials on the battle-fields of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania (here omitted) is embodied in the extract from his annual report, p. 318.] Graves of Union prisoners at Andersonville.Report of Captain llloore. WASHINGTON, Wednesday, October 18, 1865. The following report of Capt. J. M. Moore, assistant quartermaster, who was sent to Andersonville, Ga., to mark the graves of Union prisoners for future identification, contains valuable information, in which the people are interested, and will doubtless be appreciated by the relatives and friends of those who have given their lives to their country: ASST. QUARTERMASTERS OFFICE, DEPT. OF WASHINGTON, Washington, D. Ci., September 20, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: In accordance with Special Orders, No. 19, Quarter- master-Generals Office, dated June 30, 1865, directing me to proceed to Andersonville, Ga., for the purpose of marking the graves of Union soldiers for future identification and inclosing the cemetery, I have the honor to report as follows: I left Washington on the 8th of July last with mechanics and materials for the purpose above mentioned. On my arrival at Savannah I ascertained that there was no railroad communication whatever to Andersonville, the direct road to Macon being broken and that from Augusta via Atlanta also in the same *For statement (here omitted) see pp. 259262, of EX~ecutive Document No. 1, to which reference is made in foot-note (*) p. 249 Page 320 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. 520 condition. I endeavored to procure wagon transportation, but was informed by the general commanding the Department of Georgia that a sufficient number of teams could not be had in the State to haul one-half of my stores, and as the roads were bad and the distance more than 400 miles, I abandoned all idea of attempting a route through a country difficult and tedious under more propitious cir- cuinstances. The prospect of reaching Andersonville at this time was by no means favorable, and nearly one week had elapsed since my arrival at Savannah. I had telegraphed to Augusta, Atlanta, and Macon almost daily, and received replies that the railroads were not yet completed. At length, on the morning of the 18th of July, the gratifying tele- gram from Augusta was received announcing the completion of the Augusta and Macon road to Atlanta, when I at once determined to procure a boat and proceed to Augusta by the Savannah River. The desired boat was secured, and in twenty-four hours after the receipt of the telegram alluded to was on my way with men and material for Augusta. On my arrival there I found the railroad completed to Macon, and that from Macon to Andersonville having never been broken, experienced little difficulty in reaching my destination, where I arrived July 25, after a tiresome trip, occupying six days and nights. At Macon, Major-General Wilson detailed one company of the Fourth U. S. Cavalry and one from the One hundred and thirty- seventh Regiment U. S. Colored Troops t~ assist me. A member of the former company was killed on the 5th of August at a station named Montezuma, on the Southwestern Railroad. The rolling-stock of all the roads over which I traveled is in a mis- erable condition, and very seldom a greater rate of speed was obtained than twelve miles an hour. At the different stations along the route the object of the expedition was well known, and not unfrequently men wearing the garb of rebel soldiers would enter the cars and dis- cuss the treatment of our prisoners at Andersonville, all of whom candidly admitted it was shameful, and a blot on the escutcheon of the South that years would not efface. While encamped at Andersonville I was daily visited by men from the surrounding country, and had an opportunity of gleaning their feelings toward the Government, and with hardly an exception found those who had been in the rebel army penitent and more kindly disposed than those who have never taken a part, and anxious to again become citizens of the Government which they fought so hard to destroy. On the morning of the 26th of July the work of identifying the graves, painting and lettering the headboards, laying out the walks, and inclosing the cemetery was commenced, and on the evening of August 16 was completed, with the exceptions hereafter mentioned. The dead were found buried in trenches, on a site selected by the rebels, about 300 yards from the stockade. The trenches were from two to three feet below the surface, and in several instances, where the rains had washed away the earth, but a few inches. Additional earth was, however, thrown on the graves, making them of still greater depth. So close were they buried, without coffins or the ordinary clothing to cover their nakedness, that not more than twelve inches was allowed to each man; indeed, the little tablets marking their resting-place, measuring hardly ten inches in width, almost touching each other Page 321 UNION AUTHORITIES. 32 [ U. S. soldiers while prisoners at Andersonville had been detailed to inter their companions, and by a simple stake at the head of each grave, which bore a imumber corresponding with a similar-numbered name npon the Andersonville hospital record, I was enabled to identify and mark with a neat tablet, similar to those in the ceme- teries at Washington, the imninber, name, rank, regiment, & c., and date of death, of 12,461 graves, there being but 451 which bore the inscription Unknown U. S. soldiers. One hundred and twenty thonsand feet of pine lumber was nsed in these tablets alone. The cemetery contains fifty acres, and has been divided by one main avenue, running th rongh the center, and snbdivided into blocks and sections in such a manner that, with the aid of the record, which I am now having copied for the superintendent, the visitors will experience no difficnlty in finding any grave. A force of men is now engaged in laying ont walks and clearing the cemetery of stnmps, preparatory to planting trees and flowers. I have already commenced the manufacture of brick, and will have a sufficient number by the 1st of October to pave the unmerous gut- ters throughout the cemetery, the clay in the vicinity of the stockade being well adapted for the purpose of brickmaking. Appropriate inscriptions are placed throngh the ground, and I have endeavored, as far as my facilities would permit, to transfer this wide, unmarked, and unhonored grave-yard into a fit place of interment for the Nations gallant dead. At the entrance the words National Cemetery, Andersonville, Ga., designate the city of the dead. On the morning of the 17th of Angust, at snnrise, the Stars and Stripes were hoisted in the center of the cemetery, when a national salute was fired and several national songs sung by those present. The men who accompanied me and to whom I am indebted for the early completion of my mission worked zealonsly and faithfnlly from early in the morning until late at night, although suffering intensely from the effects of heat. Unaccliinated as they were, one after another was taken sick with the fever incident to the country, and in a brief period my force of muechanics was considerably lessened, obliging me to obtain others from the residents in different parts of the State. All my mmmen, however, recovered, with the exception of Mr. Eddy Watts, a letterer, who died on the 16th of July of typhoid fever, after a sickness of three weeks. I brought his body back with inc and delivered it to his famnily in this city. Several of the U. S. cavalry detailed by General Wilson died of the same fever shortly after joining their command at Macon. Andersouville is situated on the Southwestern Railroad, sixty miles fromn Macon. There is but one house in the place, except those erected by the so-called Confederate Government as hospitals, officers quarters, and commissary and quartermasters buildings. It was formerly known as Anderson, but since the war the ville has been added. The country is covered mostly with pines and hemlo& ks, and the soil is sandy, sterile, and unfit for cultivation, and umilike the section of country a few miles mmorth and south of the place, where the soil is well adapted for agricultural purposes. Cotton, as well as corn, is extensively raised. 21 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 322 322 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. It is said to be the most uiihealthy part of Georgia, and was prob- ably selected as a depot for prisoners on account of this fact. At midday the thermometer, in the shade, reaches frequently 110~, and in the sun the heat is almost unbearable. The inhabitants of this sparsely settled locality are, with few excep- tions, of the most iguorant class, and from their haggard and sallow faces the effects of chills and fever are distinctly visible. The noted prison pen is 1,540 feet long and 750 feet wide, and con- tains twenty-seven acres. The dead-line is seventeen feet from the stockade, and the sentry boxes are thirty yards apart. The inside stockade is eighteen feet high, and the outer one twelve feet high, and the distance between the two is 120 feet. Nothing has been destroyed. As our exhausted, emaciated, and enfeebled soldiers left it, so it stands to-day as a monument to an inhumanity unparalled in the annals of war. How men could survive as well as they did in this pen, exposed to the rays of an almost tropical sun by day and drenching dews by night without the slightest covering, is wonderful. The ground is filled with the holes where they had burrowed in their ef%rts to shield themselves from the weather, and many a poor fellow, in endeavoring to protect himself in this manner, was smoth- ered to death by the earth falling in upon him. A very worthy man has been appointed superintendent of the grounds and cemetery, with instructions to allow no buildings or structures of whatever nature to be destroyedparticularly the stockade surrounding the prison pen. The stories told of the sufferings of our men while prisoners here have been substantiated by hundreds, and the skeptic who will visit Andersonville, even now, and examine the stockade, with its oozy sand, the cramped and wretched burrows, the dead-line, and the slaugh- ter-house, must be a callous observer indeed if he is not convinced that the miseries depicted at this prison pen are no exaggerations. I have the honor to be, general, your obedient servant, JAMES M. MOORE, Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army. No. 49. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, SEVENTH DIVISION, TVashingtort, D. C., October 12, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army: GENERAL: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the wagons, ambulances, carts, harness, & c., pertaining to the U. S. Quartermasters Department, purchased, captured, lost, and expended during the fiscal years ending on the 30th of June, 1864, and 30th of June, 1865, so far as shown by the reports received at this office up to the present date. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, BENJ. C. CARD, Colonel, Quartermasters Department, in Charge of Diviston Page 323 UNION AUTHORITIES. 323 Report of wagons, ambulances, carts, harness, & c., pertaining to the U. S. Quarter- masters Department, purchased, captured, lost, and expended during the fiscal years ending on the 30th of June, 1864, and the 30th of June, 1865, as shown by reports received at the Quartermaster-Generals Office up to the 12th of October, 1865. 1.FISCAL YEAR COMMENCING JULY 1, 1863, AND ENDING JUNE 30, 1864. How receive(l 0 expended. 0 0 be a Purchased... 13, 989 Captured, & c. 1,347 Expended, 2,021 lost, and sold. 0 be a 0 .0 H 156 81 154 0 0 be o a be ~ a a 0 0 a be ~ - 0 be ~ a .0 H 66 338 1,229 71 42 468 106 91 277 a . 0 a a 0 a a a .0 a a 0 .0 ~ a .~ .~ .0 ~ ,~ a o be a a ~ H 1, 279 1 58, 144 87, 480 5, 355 245 6 6, 661 6, 956 797 96 5 17, 907 6, 732 3, 453 a a ~: 0 be a a o be .0 ~ 0 be ~ e ~ 0 a a a .0 a a .~ ~ C) 335 1, 702 60 824 119 406 3 73 393 133 3 229 11.FISCAL YEAR COMMENCING JULY 1, 1864, AND ENDING JUNE 30, 1865. Purchased... 4,524 24 127 27 1,436 247 - - -. 13, 215 33, 961 2,588 4 325 34 890 Fabricated... 322 54 32 35 79 - . -. 14,152 20, 767 929 34 173 Captured,& c. 1, 135 126 20 318 174 108 .... 6, 228 7, 770 867 65 46 Expended, 1,351 516 83 261 679 97 .... 18,325 23,254 1,583 12 432 lost, and sold. No. 50. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, SEVENTH DIVISION, Washington, D. C., October 12, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Geii. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army: GENERAL: I ha~re the honor to submit herewith a statement of the Ilulliber and amount of claims received, acted upon, and remaining on file in the Seventh Division of this office during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, and also from July 1, 1865, to October 10, 1865: Fiscal year endiug June 30, 1865. From July Ito Octo- ber 10, 1865. Presented. Approved. Rejected. Num.t Num. Amount. her. Amount. Num ber. ber. Amount. 9, 211 $2, 059, 939.50 3, 410 $1, 172, 327. 22 2, 283 256,422. 23 927 67, 545. 01 Total 11,494 2,316,361.53 4,337 4, 778 $817, 525. 87 1,089 132,929.79 1, 239, 872. 23 5, 807 950, 455. 66 On file for further action. Num ber. Amount. 1,023 267 1, 290 $70, 086. 41 55, 947. 23 126, 033. 64 Very respectfully, your obedient servaiit, BENJ. C. CARD, Colonel, Quartermasters Department, in Charge of Division. No. 51i~ * For Special Orders, No. 44, Headquarters Armies of the United States, June 28, 1864, prescribing means of transportation, & c., see Series I, Vol. XL, Part I, p. 40 Page 324 324 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 52. QUARTERMASTER-GENERALS OFFICE, EIGHTH DIVISION, Washington, D. 0., October 10, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster-General U. S. Army, IYashii~g(on, D. 0.: GENERAL: In consequence of my continued absence on inspection duty your circular of the 24th of July, 1865, reqniring from the chief of each division a full report of the operations of his division during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, was not brought to my notice until yesterday, but I hope to be able to furnish all the important data in time to be embodied in your annual report to the Honorable Secretary of War. The act of Congress approved July 4, 1864, for the better organiza- tion of the Quartermasters Department, was promulgated by the War Department in General Orders, No. 231, July 18, 1864. Section 1 of the act referred to sets forth that the Eighth Division shall have charge of all inspections of the Quartermasters Department and all reports made by officers assigned to inspection duty, analyzing and preserving the reports as received, and communicating through the Quartermaster-General to the chief of the proper division such portions of the reports as may be necessary for their information and use, with provisions for subsequent action upon such references. On the 23d of July, 1864, the Quartermaster-General submitted to the Adjutant-General a list of names of officers for assignment to duty under the aforesaid act. On the 6th of August following officers were assigned as chiefs of the divisions in the Quartermaster-Generals Office, with two excep- tions, the Seventh and Eighth Divisions. Subsequently, on the 24th of August, 1864, I was assigned as chief of the Eighth (inspection) Division. Previous to this assignment I had had charge of the annual reports of officers, the duties connected with the assignment of officers of the Quartermasters Department to duty, the duties connected with their changes of station, the transmission of remarks on the accounts of officers, personal reports, and the distribution of ordeis and blanks. Subsequent to my assignment as chief of the inspection division I was relieved of the transmission of remarks on accounts of officers and examination of monthly reports. The other duties referred to I still continue to perform. Immediately after my assignment as above, to wit, on the 26th of August, 1864, I was ordered on special inspection duty for the War Department, and was absent from the Quartermaster-Generals Office from that date until the 1st of October, 1864, when I was ordered to return to duty in the Quartermaster-Generals Office. During my absence Col. H. Biggs, inspector, Quartermasters Depart- ment, acted as chief of the inspection division. On the 14th of October, 1864, I received verbal instructions from the Secretary of War to make a series of inspections in the Depart- ment of Washington. I accordingly entered upon and continued upon this duty until the 20th of October, 1864, at the same time per- forming the duties of mny division of the Quartermaster-Generals Office. About the last of October, 1864, I was ordered to resume my inspec- tion under orders of the War Department; was absent about twenty days and returned to duty in the Quartermaster-Generals Office Page 325 UNION AUTHORITIES. 325 During this absence Col. J. D. Bingham, inspector, Quartermasters Department, was in charge of the Eighth Division. On the 19th of April, 1865, I left Washington on a leave of absence for thirty days. After enjoying ten days of my leave I noticed in a newspaper General Orders, No. 77, of the War Department, for the prompt reduction of expenses, & c., in view of which, and believing my services would be more important at that than at any other time, I telegraphed the Quartermaster-General, proposing to enter upon duty at once, if required, and avail myself of the remainder of my leave some other time. He immediately ordered me upon inspection duty in the Northern Department with a view to curtailing expenses. I was engaged upon inspection duty and investigations from that time until the 20th of August, 1865, when I returned to duty in charge of the inspection division. During this absence Colonel Biugham officiated in charge of the inspection division. On the 20th of September, 1865, I was again ordered upon inspection duty in the Department of the East. I returned to duty in the Quartermaster-Generals Office on the 7th of October, 1865. Of the six inspectors provided for by act of Congress approved July 4, 11864, only four of the officers nominated by the Quartermaster- General on the 23d of July, 1864, for assignment to duty as inspectors of the Quartermasters Department, were so assigned on the 6th of August, 1864. These four were Colonels Biggs, Bingham, Cruttenden, and Owen. As soon as they were relieved from duty where they were serving at the time of such assignment three of these were ordered upon inspection duty, and a large number of inspections have been made in different parts of the United States, resulting most benefi- cially to the department. Concerning these inspections I shall remark more in detail hereinafter. Colonel Biggs was not ordered on inspecting duty, as he was detailed for other duty until the tender of his resignation. Upon my return to the Quartermaster-Generals Office, October 1, 1864, Colonel Biggs was assigned to duty as depot quartermaster at Philadelphia, which position he held until February 15, 1865, when he was relieved, and shortly after tendered his resignation. It was unofficially communicated to this office that his resignation had been accepted, and he was not therefore assigned to duty. It was subsequently ascertained that his resignation had not been form- ally accepted. The attention of the War Department was called to the matter and information sought as to his status, whereupon his resignation was accepted on the 11th of October, 1865. On the 24th of August, 1864, Capt. Gilbert A. Pierce was assigned as an inspector of the Quartermasters Department, with the rank of colonel. He made several inspections in the Depaftments of the South and the Gulf. * * * He was relieved from an assignment as an inspec- tor of the Quartermasters Department on the 13th of May, 1865. On the 30th of August, 1864, Capt. John C. Crane, assistant quarter- master, was assigned to duty as an inspector, Quartermasters Depart- ment, with the rank of colonel, but he has never performed inspection duty under orders of the Quartermaster-General. On April 30, 11865, Capt. J. F. Rusling, assistant quartermaster, was assigned to duty as an inspector, Quartermasters Department; with the rank of colonel Page 326 326 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. lie made inspections in the Department of the Tennessee and an investigation at Chicago, Ill., after which, August 2, 1865, he was granted a leave of absence of thirty days, at the expiration of which time he was ordered by the Quartermaster-General to return to Nash- ville on inspection duty, which order was revoked by order of the President September 8, 1865, and Colonel Rusling ordered to report to him. rfhe latter order is still in force so far as this office is advised. On the 24th of June, 1865, Capt. R. Brinkerhoff, assistant quarter- master, was assigned to duty as an inspector, Quartermasters Department, but on the 24th of August was ordered to report to the Secretary of War for special duty, upon which he is still engaged. The following summary will show briefly the nature of the duties performed by these inspectors: Col. J. D. Bingham, inspector, Quartermasters Department, trans- mitted to this office his first inspection report on the 10th of Novem- ber, 1864, at which time he was engaged in certain investigations in the Department of the East. Subsequently he returned to Washington and was placed temporarily in charge of the inspection division dur- ing my absence on special duty. On the 27th of November, 1864, he was ordered West in connection with certain investigations, and was engaged on important duties there until the 20th of April, 1865, when he returned to Washington, and was again placed temporarily in charge of the Eighth Division during my absence West. On my return he was ordered to make inspections at Boston and New York City. On the 24th of September he returned to the Quartermaster-Gen- erals Office and assumed temporarily the duties of the Seventh and Ninth Divisions, Quartermaster-Generals Office, during the absence of Col. B. C. Card, in charge of those divisions. Upon Colonel Cards return he resunied his inspection duty in the Department of the East, and is now engaged upon these duties. During the fiscal year he transmitted to this office reports of eight inspections, and since the 1st of July, 1865, he has transmitted to this office the reports of four inspections. The reports of Colonel Biugham have been complete, full, and sat- isfactory, and the prompt, thorough, and intelligent manner with which he has performed the duties allotted to him is in the highest degree creditable to him as an officer of this department. Col. J. D. Cruttenden, inspector, Quartermasters Department, was directed on the 17th of September, 1864, to proceed to Devalls Bluff, Ark., and enter upon a series of inspections in the Departments of Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Kansas, and Colorado. He was continuously employed upon such duties until August 30, 1865, when he was granted a leave of absence by the War Depart- ment for fifteen days. On the 20th of September, 1865, he was directed to proceed upon another tour of inspections comprising the District of the Plains and Utah. The total number of reports received from him during the fiscal year is fifteen, and since the close of said year seven; total, twenty- two. * * * * * Page 327 UNION AUTHORITIES. 327 Col. G. A. Pierce while upon inspection duty transmitted to this office reports of seventeen inspections. * * * * * * * Col. W. H. Owen was relieved from his assignment as inspector, Quartermasters Department, February 16, 1865. He made inspec- tions in the Departments of Missouri, Ohio, and the Middle Depart- ment. He transmitted to this office sixteen reports. * * * * * * * Col. James F. Rusling, inspector, Quartermasters Department, has made three reports, one of them during the fiscal year, the other two since the 1st of July, 1865. Those reports are very voluminous, numbering in the aggregate 452 pages. * * * * * * * During the fiscal year I transmitted to the Quartermaster-Generals Office reports of seventeen inspections and investigations, and since the 1st of July, 1865, have added thirty-two to that numberin all, forty-nine. These inspections and investigations have been made in the North- ern Department, in Kansas, Missouri, and in the Department of the East. * * * In addition to the inspectors regularly assigned, and whose duties have been briefly stated above, other officers of the Quartermasters Department have been temporarily assigned to inspection duty as the necessities of the service reqhired. Particularly since active operations have ceased it has been necessary to call into requisition the services of such, and in many cases the results have been highly satisfactory and productive of the greatest good in connection with the retrenchment and reduction of force and expense. The following list indicates the number of reports rendered by each of the officers who have been thus temporarily assigned during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865: Lieut. Col. J. G. Chandler, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 2 Capt. J. V. Furey, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 3 Col. S. B. Holabird, aide-de-camp 1 Lieut. Col. J. H. Stokes, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 23 Lieut. Col. A. L. Thomas, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1 Capt. T. R. Dudley, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1 Lient. Col. C. W. Tolles, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 4 Capt. P. T. Turuley, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army 1 Capt. George P. Webster, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 3 Capt. M. D. Wickersham, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 3 Capt. C. H. Deane, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1 Capt. George Q. White, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1 Capt. Charles Worms, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1 Capt. E. D. Chapman, assistant quartermaster of volunteers - 8 Lieut. Col. G. A. Shallenberger, assistant quartermaster of volunteers - --- 1 54 Since July 1, 1865: - Bvt. Brig. Gen. George S. Dodge, assistant quartermaster of volunteers - - 21 Capt. H. A. Royce, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 3 Capt. Newton Flagg, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 2 Capt. T. C. Bowles, assistant quartermaster of volunteers - 1 27 AggregatetoOctoberi 8 Page 328 328 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. RECAPITULATION. Number of inspection reports received in the Eighth Division, Quar- termaster-Generals Office, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865: Col. George V. Rutherford, inspector, Quartermasters Department 17 Col. J. D. Bingham, inspector, Quartermasters Department 8 Col. J. D. Cruttenden, inspector, Quartermasters Department 15 Col. W. H. Owen, inspector, Quartermasters Department 16 Col. J. F. Rusling, inspector, Quartermasters Department - - - Col. G. A. Pierce, inspector, Quartermasters Department~.~ 17 Bytemporaryinspectors 54 Received from various sources 86 ____ 216 Number received since July 1, 1865: Col. George V. Rutherford, inspector, Quartermasters Department 32 Col. J. D. Bingham, inspector, Quartermasters Department 4 Col. J. D. Cruttenden, inspector, Quartermasters Department 7 Bytemporaryinspectors 27 70 Grand total - 287 Two hundred and sixteen inspection reports rendered by officers of the Quartermasters Department, under orders of the Quartermaster- General, have been entered in the inspection division during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Many of these reports contaiii 240 pages of foolscap paper. All of them have been thoroughly and care- fully examined and extracts made and sent to the several divisions to which they had reference. There have been received and entered in the inspection division during the same time 579 communications referring to inspections, investigations, and the official character of officers of the Quarter- masters Department. The entries in the inspection book are in fact briefs of the original papers, and not merely skeletons. Every name of a person, however insignificant, occurring in these papers is alphabetically entered, so that one name being recollected, all the facts pertaining to the trans- action can be at once ascertained. INVESTIGATIONS. Investigations involving the conduct of officers have generally been conducted by officers of this department with great thoroughness and efficiency, but some mistakes have been made in the mode of investi- gating by a want of shrewdness and propriety of action. It was intended to give a summary of the recommendations by the several officers assigned to inspection duty for reductions, and the amount saved to the Government by these inspections; but my pro- tracted absence and the little time now left precludes the possibility of carrying out this design. INVENTORY AND INSPECTION REPORTS. The number of inventory and inspection reports rendered by officers in compliance with paragraph 1023, Revised Regulations, received from June30, 1564,toJulyl 1865 is__ 11,193 All of which have been acted upon. Received, entered, and acted upon since July 1 to October 1, 1865 6,302 Total 17,49 Page 329 UNION AUTHORITIES. 329 BOARDS OF SURVEY. The number of reports of boards of survey received, entered, and acted upon from June 30, 1864, to July 1, 1865, is 293 Received, entered, and acted upon since July 1, 1865 -- 136 Total 429 OFFICERS~ RECORD. An officers record has been compiled, comprising all officers of the Quartermasters Department, each officer occupying one page, show- ing at one view a condensed record of his appointment, movements, services, changes, recommendations, & c. For this pnrpose the books of the office have been consulted for over three years back. In pro- portion as this division has become more thoroughly organized this record has been made more minnte, and is kept up dailyalmost hourly. ANNUAL REPORTS. The anunal reports received during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, appertaining to the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, were 591. From July 1, 1865, to the present the number of annual reports received appertaining to the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, is 340. From the latter tables have been prepared for the annual report of the Quartermaster-General showing the amount of supplies on hand July 1, 1864, received, purchased, manufactured, captured, & c., dur- ing the fiscal year; also the amonnt of public moneys received and expended during the fiscal year. Extracts have been made from the narratives of officers giving all the valuable information contained in them for the information of the Quartermaster-General. The tables and statements referred to do not comprise all the opera- tions of the Quartermasters Department, because of the fact that a large number of the officers have failed to render their reports as required by general orders; bnt these exceptions are officers whose duties were light, and if their reports had been rendered they would not swell to any great extent the lists prepared. OFFICIAL BONDS. NumberonfileJulyl, 1864 415 Numberreceivedduringthefiscalyear 219 Number received since July 1 to October 1,1865 20 Total number received 654 Number approved by the Secretary of War and sent to the Second Comp troller U. S. Treasury for file during the fiscal year 490 Number approved and sent since July 1, 1865, to October 1, 1865 34 Total number approved and sent for file 524 The balance of the bonds (130) have been found to be imperfect, and are now being corrected and perfected as required by law and regulations. The total number of bonds on file July 1, 1864, and since received represent the sum of $6,540,000, a sum considerably less than that fre- quently confided to the care and disposition of omie officer of the Quartermasters Department Page 330 330 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. BOARDS OF EXAMINERS. The following is a summary of the operations of the several boards for the examination of officers of the Quartermasters Department: 1. The Examining Board for the Departments of the Cumnberland, Tennessee, and Ohio, was organized by Special Orders, No. 317, Adjutant-Generals Office, September 23, 1864, and was composed of the following officers: Lient. Col. W. G. Le Dnc, chief quartermaster Twentieth Army Corps; Lient. Col. A. J. Mackay, chief quartermas- ter Fourteenth Army Corps; Lient. Col. H. Hayes, chief quartermaster Fonrth Army Corps. Lieutenant-Colonel Mackays ardnons dnties in the field rendered it impracticable for him to serve upon the Board. He applied to be relieved from such assignment, and by Special Orders, No. 57, Adjutant-Generals Office, February 4, 1865, he was relieved by Col. R. C. Webster, chief quartermaster Department of Virginia. By Special Orders, No. 173, Adjutant-Generals Office, April 17, 1865, Lieut. Col. W. G. Le Due, chief quartermaster Twentieth Army Corps, was relieved by Capt. J. F. Rusling, assistant quartermaster volunteers, and Colonel Ic Due ordered to join his proper command. By Special Orders, No. 222, Adjutant-Generals Office, May 11, 1865, Capt. J. F. Rusling, inspector, Quartermasters Department, was relieved by Capt. E. B. Carling, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army, and Captain Rusling ordered upon inspection duty. By Special Orders, No. 309, Adjutant-Generals Office, June 16, 1865, Capt. E. B. Carling was relieved as a member of the Board, and as no officer had been assigned to fill the vacancy no officers have since been examined by this Board. Number of officers examined by this Board to July 1, 1865 50 Number reported qualified 41 Number reported disqualified 9 Number mustered out by reason of disqualification 8 Number not actedupon 1 Number of officers examined by this Board since July 1, 1865 9 Numberreportedqualified 3 Numberreporteddisqualified 6 Number mustered out by reason of disqualification 3 Number of resignations - 1 Total 4 Total number examinedbythis Board 59 Total number reported qualified 44 Total number disqualified 15 Total number mustered out by reason of disqualification 11 Total number resigned by reason of disqualification - 1 Total numbernotacted upon 3 15 The Examining Board for the Departments of Arkansas and the Gulf, convened by Special Orders, No. 317, Adjutant-Generals Office, September 23, 1864, was composed of the following officers: Lieut. Col. Alexander Bliss, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army; Maj. M. S. Miller, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army; Capt. S. E. ~ ~undle, assistant quartermaster of volunteers Page 331 UNTON AUTHORITIES. 331 After completing their duties in the above departments this Board was transferred to the Departments of Washington and the East, by Special Orders, No. 137, Adjutant-Generals Office, March 21, 1865. By Special Orders, No. 202, Adjutant-Generals Office, May 3, 1865, Captain Rundle was relieved and Maj. Nelson Plato, assistant quar- termaster of volunteers, assigned to duty in his stead. By Special Orders, No. 440, Adjutant-Generals Office, August 15, 1865, Lieutenant-Colonel Bliss was relieved from his assignment as lieutenant-colonel, by which change the Board was practically dis- solved, and no officers have since been examined by it. Number of officers examined by the Board to July 1,1865 73 Numberreportedqualified 45 Numberreporteddisqualified 28 Number resigned by reason of disqualification 13 Number mustered out by reason of disqualification 10 Number not actedupon 5 28 Number of officers examined sinceJulyl 1865 31 Numberreported qualified 19 Number reported disqualified 12 Number not acted upon 12 Totalnumber of officersexaminedbythis Board 104 Totalnumberreported qualified 64 Total numberreported disqualified 40 Total number mustered out by reason of disqualification - - -- - 10 Total number resigned by reason of disqualification 13 Disapprovedanduotactedupon. 17 Grandtotal 40 The Examining Board for the district comprising armies operating against Richmond, convened and organized by Spec~ial Orders, No. 317, Adjutant-Generals Office, September 23, 1864, was composed of the following officers: Col. R. N. Batchelder, chief quartermaster Army of the Potomac; Lient. Col. L. H. Peirce, chief quartermaster Ninth Army Corps; Maj. G. A. Shallenberger, chief quartermaster Second Division, Second Army Corps. Colonel Batchelders services being required with the army by Spe- cial Orders, No. 109, Adjutant-Generals Office, May 2, 1865, Col. R. N. Batchelder was relieyed by Maj. W. H. D. Cochrane, chief quartermaster First Division, Second Army Corps. By Special Orders, No. 219, Adjutant-Generals Office, May 10, 1865, Major Cochrane was relieved, and no officers have since been examined. Total number of officers examined by this Board to July 1,1865 42 Numberreportedqualified 36 Number reported disqualified .. 6 Number mustered out by reason of disqualification 4 Number of resignations 1 Notactedupon 1 Page 332 332 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. The Examining Board for the Departments of Kansas, Missouri, and Northern and Northwest, convened by Special Orders, No. 317, Adjutant-Generals Office, September 23, 1864, was composed of the following officers: Col. C. H. Hoyt, chief quartermaster Northern Department; Lieut. Col. J. B. Howard, chief quartermaster Eighteenth Army Corps; Licut. Col. F. Myers, quartermaster, U. S. Army, aide- de-camp. By Special Orders, No. 95, Adjutant-Generals Office, February 25, 1865, Lient. Col. J. B. Howard was relieved, and by Special Orders, No. 151, Adjutant-Generals Office, March 29, 1865, Capt. W. H. Owen, assistant quartermaster of volunteers, was assigned to duty in his stead. By Special Orders, No. 232, Adjutant-Generals Office, May 16, 1865, the Quartermaster-General was authorized to adjourn the Board until further notice, which was done. The Board has not been reassembled. Total number officers examined by this Board to July 1,1865 78 Numbcrrcportedqualified 72 Number reported disqualified~~ 6 Number mustered out by reason of disqualification 3 Number of resignations 8 6 RECAPITULATION. Total number of officers of the Quartermasters Department examined by the several boards during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, is - - 243 Total number reported qualified 194 Totalnumberreporteddisqualified 49 Total number mustered out by reason of disqualification 25 Total number resigned by reason of disqualification 17 Totalnumberdisapprovedornotactedupon 7 49 Total number of officers of the Quartermasters Department examined by the several boards since the 1st of July,1865 40 Total number reported qualified 22 Total number reported disqualified 18 Total number mustered out by reason of disqualification 3 Total number resigned by reason of disqualification 1 Total number disapproved and not acted upon 14 18 GRAND TOTAL. Number examined to date (October 1, 1865). - - - - 283 Number reportedqualified 216 Numberreporteddisqualified 67 Number mustered out by reason of disqualification 28 Number resigned by reason of disqualification 18 Number disapproved and not acted upon 21 67 The number of officers still in service who havo not been examined is 245 Page 333 UNION AUTHORITIES. 333 Owing to the present status of the boards constituted by the orders above cited, it will be impossible to proceed with the examinations until further orders are issued by the Secretary of War in the premises. On the 1st of July, 1864, there were in the Regular Army 76 officers of the Quartermasters Department, as follows: Brevetmajor-general 1 Colon& ls Lieutenant-colonels 4 Majors 12 Captains - Militarystore-keepers 9 Total 76 Of the lieutenant-colonels there was: Colonel and aide-de-camp, 1. Of the majors there were: Brigadier-generals of volunteers, 3; bre- vet lieutenant-colonel, 1; not on duty in the Quartermasters Depart- inent, but a major-general of volunteers, 1; assigned to duty as lieutenant-colonel and chief quartermaster in accordance with an act approved July 17, 1862, 1. Of the captains there were: Colonels and aides-de-camp, 2; lieutenant-colonel and aide-de-camp, 1; not on duty in the Quarter- masters Department, but brigadier-generals of volunteers, 3; not on duty in the Quartermasters Department, but colonels of volunteers, 2; assigned to duty as lieutenant-colonels and chief quartermasters of corps under act of July 17, 1862, 6. Awaiting orders: Lieutenant-colonel, 1; captain 1. The effective force of the regular corps of the Quartermasters Department was on the 1st of July, 1864, 68. On the 1st of July, 1864, there were assistant quartermasters of volunteers, 549. Of these there were: Colonels and aides-de-camp, 2; major and aide-de-camp, 1; assigned to duty as lieutenant-colonels and chief quartermasters of corps under the act of July 17, 1862, 9; not on duty in the Quartermasters Department, 1; not on duty in the Quartermasters Department, but colonels of volunteers, 2; unknown, never having reported nor replied to communications from this office, 41. The effective force4 therefore, of officers in the Quartermasters Department of the volunteer service was, July 1, 1864, 505. On the 30th of June, 1865, there were 78 officers of the Quarter masters Department belonging to the regular corps, as follows: Brevet major-general 1 Brevet brigadier-generals 2 Colonel 1 Lieutenant-colonels 4 Majors 11 48 Captains 11 Militarystore-keepers Total 78 Of the lieutenant-colonels there were: Colonel and aide-dc-camp, 1; assigned to duty as colonel under act approved July 4, 1864, 1. Of the majors there were: Brigadier-generals of volunteers, 3; not on duty in the department, but a brevet major-general of volunteers, 1; awaiting orders, 1; assigned to duty as colonels under the act approved July 4, 1864, 3; lieutenant-colonel and aide-dc-camp, 1 Page 334 334 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Of the captains there were: Brigadier-generals of volunteers not on duty in the Quartermasters Department, 3; colonels, 3; brevet brigadier-generals, 2; colonels and aides-dc-camp, 2; assigned to duty as colonels under the act approved July 4, 1864, 12; assigned to duty as lieutenant-colonels under the act approved July 17, 1862, 5; not subject to orders, 2. The effective force of the regular corps on the 30th of June, 1865, was 67. On the 1st of July, 1865, the number of assistant quartermasters of volunteers was 488. Of these there were: Brigadier-general, 1; brevet brigadier-general, 1; colonel and aide-dc-camp, 1; colonels assigned under act approved July 4, 1864, 25; lieutenant-colonels assigned under act approved July 17, 1862, 13; brevet colonels, 5; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1; majors assigned under act approved July 4, 1864, 26; brevet majors, 3; major and aide-dc-camp, 1. Of the above colonels there are: In charge of departments 9 Inspectors 4 In charge of divisions of the Quartermaster-Generals Office 3 Inchargeof depots Chief quartermasters of armies.~ 4 Total 25 Of these there were: Colonels (regulars), 16; colonels (volunteers), 25; majors (regulars), 2; majors (volunteers), 27. Effective force: Regulars 67 Volunteers 488 Total 555 On the 1st of October, 1865, there were officers of the Quarter- masters Department in the Regular Army as follows: Brevetmajor-general 1 Colonels 3 Lieutenant-colonels 4 Majors 11 Captains 47 Total 66 Of the colonels there are: Brevet brigadier-generals, 2. Of the lieutenant-colonels there are: Brevet brigadier-general, 1; colonel and aide-dc-camp, 1; colonels assigned under the act of July 4, 1864, 2. Of the majors there are: Brevet brigadier-generals, U. S. Army, 6; brevet major-generals of volunteers, 3; colonels assigned under act of July 4, 1864, 2. Of the captains there are: Brevet major-generals not on duty in the department, 3; brevet brigadier-generals of volunteers, 3; colonels and aides-dc-camp, 2; colonels assigned under act of July 4, 1864, 10; brevet lieutenant-colonels, U. S. Army, 8; lieutenant-colonel assigned under act of July 17, 1862, 1; major assigned under act of July 4, 1864, 1; military store-keepers, 10. The colonels assigned under act of July 4, 1864, are on duty as follows: Inspectors, 2; depot quartermasters, 3; divisions of th Page 335 335 UNION AUTHORITIES. Quartermaster-Generals Office, 4; chief quartermasters of depart- ments, 5. The effective force of the Quartermasters Department, regular officers, October 1, 1865, were 63. On the 1st of October, 1865, there were in service as assistant quartermasters of volunteers 370 Underarrest 1 Awaiting orders - 28 Total 399 Of the above officers there are: Brigadier-general, 1; brevet briga- dier-generals, 3; brevet colonels, 7; brevet lieutenant-colonels, 3; brevet majors, 10; colonel and aide-de-camp, 1. Colonels assigned under act of July 4, 1864, 22, as follows: Inspectors 5 Depot quartermasters 4 Chief quartermasters of departments 10 Chiefs of divisions of the Quartermaster-Generals Office 3 Total 22 Majors assigned under act of July 4, 1864, 2; major and aide-dc- camp, 1; lieutenant-colonel assigned under act of July 17, 1862, 1. Effective force: Regulars 63 Volunteers 370 Total 433 Of the assignment of colonels under the act of July 4, 1864, there areregulars, 14; volunteers, 22; excess regulars, 3. During the fiscal year there were appointed assistant quartermas- tersin the Regular Army, 5; in the Volunteer Army, 145; military store-keepers, 2. Since the 30th of June to the 1st of October, 1865, there have been appointed in the Regular Armyassistant quartermaster, 1; military store-keeper, 1. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, officers of the Quarter- masters Department went out of service as follows: ,-~ a a +~ Resigned 2 92 Mustered out 26 Honorably discharged I 4 Died 13 Appointments vacated 2 2 Appointments revoked 9 Appointments declined I 2 Appointments canceled 43 Dismissed 12 Dropped from rolls 1 -- - Total 5 201 Aggregate 20 Page 336 336 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. Since tlie 30th of June to the 1st of October, 1865, officers of the Quartermasters Department have gone out of service as follows: a ~ a a ~ u be a 0 Assistant quartermasters: Resigned 1 13 Appointments vacated 1 Mustered out 136 Appointments canceled 21 Dismissed 1 Military store-keeper resigned 1 - -. Total 2 172 Aggregate 174 RECAPITULATION. July 1, 1864, to October 1, 1865, resigned, assistant quartermasters of the Regular Army 3 - Appointments vacated, assistant quartermasters, Regular Army 2 .... Dropped from rolls, Regular Army 1 Assistant quartermasters, volunteers: Resigned 105 Mustered out 162 Appointments vacated 3 Appointments canceled 64 Appointments revoked 9 Appointments declined 2 Dismissed 13 Honorably discharged 4 Died 13 Military store-keepers resigned 1 . . -. Total Aggregate 382 During the fiscal year there were 460 assignments of officers of the Quartermasters Department to duty by orders of the War Depart- ment, of which we have record; and from July 1, 1865, to October 1, 1865, there were 70 such assignments; in all, 530, including changes of station. PERSONAL AND CONSOLIDATED MONTHLY REPORTS. Personal reports for the past year have been rendered more promptly. Also consolidated monthly reports have been rendered by the chief quartermasters of the different departments of all officers serving in the Quartermasters Department under their direction, as required by circular from this office, dated January 18, 1865. From these reports much valuable inforluation has been derived. They give the stations of officers and the various duties in which they have been engaged during the previous mouth, and exhibit all the changes and transfers within the departments during the month, accompanied by copies of department orders pertaining to the Quar- termasters Department. DISTRIBUTION OF ORDERS. This division has experienced much difficulty in supplying officers of the Quartermasters Department with the orders of the War Depart- ment and of the Quartermaster-Generals Office. Though they hav Page 337 UNION AUTHORITIES. 337 been promptly and regularly sent to the chief quartermasters in quan- tities sufficient to supply their subordinates, the failure to receive them was frequently made the excuse for neglect of duty. To remedy to some extent this evil a system was adopted to require a receipt from the officer to whom orders were transmitted. had this been devised and adopted earlier, and had it been made a point to retransmit orders to officers doing important duties when receipts were not forthcoming, no doubt much irregularity in the rendering of accounts and in the general management of business would have been obviated. COMPILATION OF ORDERS, ETC. A very general desire has been expressed that all the orders relat- ing to this department should be collected, revised, and published in convenient form, and a reference made to the laws and regulations bearing upon the subject; the decisions of the Quartermaster-General since the commencement of this war to be embodied in the same work. This should be done under the sanction of the Quartermaster-General, and published by authority of the War Department. The publica- tion of any treatise of this kind without this sanction and authority would not meet the wants of the department. The several works which have lately appeared, though no doubt prompted by a commendable spirit, fail to meet the requirements, inasmuch as the subjects ar.~ not properly collated; and besides, an officer would hesitate to base a heavy disbursement upon a decision contained in an unofficial digest. The Book of Decisions of the Second Comptroller of the Treasury Department is the best I have seen, though some of his decisions as given are contrary to the Regulations. I will cite as instances Article 1234, Decisions of Second Comptroller, versus Paragraph 1142 and Form 20 to Abstract B, Revised Army Regulations; and the last clause of Article 1265 and Article 1266, Decisions of Second Comptroller, versus Paragraphs 1082 and 1083, Revised Army Regulations, and laws of Congress. COMMUNICATIONS SENT AND RECEIVED. The number of letters received and entered iii this division is as follows: Principal Cross en From entries, tries. - Total. January 1 to June 30, 1865 2, 204 4, 161 6, 165 July 1 to September 30, 1865, inclusive 1, 178 1, 741 2, 921 Total 1,182 5,904 9,286 The number of communications (exclusive of correspondence in reference to annual and personal reports, the transmission of printed orders, and printed circular letters) forwarded from this division from January 1 to June 30, 1865, inclusive, is as follows: To the Secretary of War 140 TotheAdjutant-General 410 Miscellaneous ____ 1 266 TotaL ____ 1816 22 R RSERIES III, VOL Page 338 338 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. And from July 1, 1865, to September 30, 1865, inclusive: TotheSecre~ary of War 79 To the Adjutant-General~. 384 Miscellaneous 837 Total 1,300 Total number from July 1, 1864, to September 30, 1865, as follows: Tothe Secretary of War -- 219 TotheAdjutant-General 794 Miscellaneous 2,103 Total 3,116 GENERAL ORDERS. Estimated number of general orders received and issued during the year: Duriug the year. July 1, 1865, to Octo- July 1, 1864, to Sop- ber 1, 1865. tember 30, 1865. Received. Issued. Received. Issued. Received. Issued. AdjntautGenerals orders 124, 800 124, 177 220, 000 10, 460 344, 800 134, 637 Quartermaster-Generals orders. - - 75, 000 53, 121 28, 800 11, 699 103,800 64, 820 Total 199, 800 177, 298 248, 800 22, 119 448, 600 199, 457 THE RANK OF OFFICERS OF THE QUARTERMASTER S DEPARTMENT NOT COMMENSURATE WITH THE IMPORTANT SERVICE THEY HAVE RENDERED IN THIS WAR. It is now a conceded fact that columanding generals owe much of their success to the untiring zeal and determined energy of officers of the Quartermasters Department. At the eleventh hour they were ready to accord to officers of this department their just ineed of praise for the faithful discharge of onerous and often difficult duties. Congress to this time has been unmindful of tilis indispensable enginery to the success of avmies and has made no provision for proper reward. The distribution of brevets, which has been judi- ciously done by the Honorable Secretary of War, was all that was left for those who have taken or will soon take their places again as citizens. These marks of recognition of their services, if promptly ratified by the coming Congress, will cause great gratification and create the thought that those who have remained at homein the rearto enjoy the fruits of peace and plenty vouchsafed by victory, while it was being achieved by their constituents, under privations and hardships in the fieldat the frontare not wholly incapable of appreciating the relative position of citizen and soldier. OFFICERS ON DUTY IN THIS DIVISION. Before closing this report I would respectfully invite the attention of the Quartermaster-General to the merits of Capt. H. A. Royce, assist- ant quartermaster of volunteers, my assistant in this division. He is a civil engineer by profession, and first entered the service July 20, 1861 Page 339 UNION AUTHORiTIES. 339 as a quartermaster-sergeant Twenty-first Massachusetts Volunteers. lie was commissioned regimental quartermaster Twenty-second Mas- sachusetts Volunteers November 29, 1861, and served with his regiment, subject to various details, till October 12, 1864, when he was mus- tered out of the service. He was appointed assistant quartermaster of volunteers March 11, 1865, received his commission May 6, 1865, and was assigned to duty in the Eighth Division of the Quartermaster- Generals Office May 20, 1865. Captain Royce has a liberal educa- tion. His general qualifications for business, his excellent judgment and discrimination, and extensive experience in the field in the Quartermasters Department eminently fit him to render, and he has rendered, most valuable services in this division. I-Ic is industrious, efficient, and possessed of all the elements requisite for the prompt discharge of official duties. Though he has served but a short time as an assistant quartermaster of volunteers, his services during the war in the Quartermasters Department entitle him to consideration and to promotion by brevet, a compliment which can be bestowed without money and without price. I recommend him for appointment to the rank of lieutenant-colonel by brevet. Capt. John V. Furey, assistant quartermaster of volunteers, has had in charge under my direction the annual reports of officers, per- sonal reports, the distribution of orders, & c. In the discharge of these and other duties he has proved himself faithful, efficient, and worthy of the kind consideration of the Quartermaster-General, to which I commend him, and recommend that he be appointed a major by brevet. * * * * * * * CLERKS. The clerks on duty in this division having access to and employed upon the books and papersmany of which are confidentialare gentlemen of a high order of qualification, morally and educationally. They are punctual in their attendance and observe the utmost decorum during office hours. They have proved themselves worthy of the confidence and commendation of the Quartermaster-General. All of the foregoing is respectfully submitted. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. V. RUTHERFORD, Colonel, Quartermasters Department. No. 53. Statement of clothing and camp and garrison equipage on hand July 1, 1864, pur- chased, manufactured, captured, gained, taken up, sold, lost, expended, and remaining on hand in the Quartermasters Department during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1866.* * For this statement (here omitted) see pp. 287295 of Executive Document No. 1, to which reference is made in foot-note (*) p. 249. It embraces reports received from 368 officers out of over 700 officers who were in service during the fiscal year and who had reports to render. The same remark applies to No. 54 next, post, which also appears in House Executive Document No. 1, Thirty-ninth Congress, first session, Vol. I, pp. 296, 297 Page 340 340 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 54. Statement of the principal artjcles of quartermasters property, means of trans- port ation, & c., on hand July 1, 1864, purchased, manufactured, captured, gained, taken up, sold, died, lost, expended, and remaining on hand in the Quartermas- ters Department during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.* No. 55. Statement of vessels owned by Government and in the employ of the Quarter masters Department during the fiscal year ending June 30, 18654 RECAPITULATION. Steam-boats Steam tugs ~Steam rams - Steamer Ferry-boats Propellers Army gun boats Steam water-boat Schooners 74 Sloops 4 12 Steam dredge 1 S Barges 1 Lighter 1 2 Canal-boats 5 Wharf-boat 1 2 Wrecks 2 5 Total vessels 155 No. 56. Statement of vessels chartered, impressed, or employed by the Quartermasters Department during the fiscal year ending June 30, 18654 RECAPITULATION. Total earnin S $9, 274, 017. 38 Amount pai& $5, 443, 991.72 Amount remaining unpaid 3,slO,469.25 Deductions 19, 556. 41 9, 274, 017. 38 Of the above amount were paid for demurrage 168, 235. 36 CLASSIFICATION OF VESSELS EMPLOYED. Steamers Steam-boats - Propellers Steam barges Steam tugs - Water-boats Canal-boats Ferry-boats Ships 25 Brigs 123 603 Barks 69 71 Schooners 1, 282 8 Sloops 27 281 Barges 738 4 Transports, classification not specified. .. -- 24 399 6 Total vessels 3,693 33 No. ~zi. FROM OFFICERS ANNUAL REPORTS. Statement of property captured from the enemy during the fiscal year ending June 30, 18654 RECAPITULATION. CLOTHING, CAMP AND GARRISON EQUIPAGEt Total value reported $543, 569. 60 RECAPITULATION OF QUARTERMASTERS 5TORRS4 Total value reported $593, 187. 58 Clothing, camp and garrison equipage 543, 569. 60 Quartermasters stores 593, 387. 58 Grand total 1,136, 957. 18 * See explanatory foot-note. p. 339. ~ Omitted, except the Recapitulation. See Executive Document No. 1, referred to in foot-note (*) p. 249. ~ Details omitted Page 341 UNION AUTHORITIES. 341 No. 58. Statement of property captured or destroyed by the enemy during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.* RECAPITULATION. CLOTHING, CAMP AND GARRISON EQUIPAGE.f Total value reported $48, 649.21 RECAPITULATION OF QUARTERMASTERS STORES.f Total value reported $140, 828.76 Total clothing, camp and garrison equipage 48, 649. 21 Total quartermasters stores 140,828. 76 Grand total 189, 477. 97 NOTEThis statement is compiled from the annual reports of officers for the past fiscal year. The estimated value is inserted as far as stated, hut it does not show the full value of the property by at least one-third of the amount reported. In addition to the above statement Brevet Major-General Donaldson reports the total loss and destruction of public property in the Department of the Cumberland during the past year by fire, by freshet, captured, abandoned, or destroyed, to prevent its falling into the hands of the rebels, at $3,500,000. No. 59. Summary statement of transportation furnished during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. TRANSPORTATION ORDERS OR SINGLE PASSAGES. Officers and Soldiers Prisoners Kind of transportation, men under on of war Civilians. To orders. furlough.~ Railroads Steam-boats, barges, & c Stages Ocean and lake Total not owned or run by Government... Railroads Steam-boats, barges, & c - Ocean and lake Total owned or run by Government Grand total 1, 557, 655 207, 369 5, 840 1,412 44,387 169, 969 80, 351 15, 900 24, 247 473 1 16 48 1,930 71, 392 21, 136 99 1 2, 500 1, 879, 367 268, 652 6,413 1,429 48, 865 1,816, 663 186, 390 106, 545 95, 128 2, 204, 726 589,034 10 13,162 16,986 619,192 896,669 14,706 109,986 36,515 1,057,876 73, 644 -. 27, 000 100, 644 1, 559, 347 14, 716 150, 148 53, 501 1, 777. 712 3, 376, 010 201, 106 256, 693 148, 629 3, 982, 438 * Omitted, except the Recapitulation. See Executive Document No. 1, referred to in foot-note (*) p. 249. t Details omitted Page 342 342 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. No. 59.Summary statement of transportation furnished during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865Continued. MOVEMENTS OF ANIMALS. Kind of transportation. Horses. Mules. Cattle. Total. Railroads 223, 608 58, 182 15, 023 297, 013 Steam-boats, barges, & c 47, 266 19, 029 76, 775 143, 070 Stages Wagons Ocean and lake 25 4,131 4, 156 Total not owned or run by Government.-- - 270, 899 77, 411 95. 929 444. 239 Railroads 57, 663 27, 855 6, 134 91, 652 S~eam-boats, barges, & c 79, 286 18, 182 81, 864 179, 332 Oeean and lake 1, 197 1, 197 Total owned or run by Government 136, 949 46,037 89, 195 272, 181 Grand total 407,848 123,448 185,124 716,420 MOVEMENTS TO VARIOUS DISTANCES OF STORES. Kind of transportation. Subsistence Quartermasters Ordnance stores. stores. stores. Tons. Lbs. Tens. Lbs. Tens. Lbs. Railroads 2,837, 893 932 2,409, 450 552 293, 773 658 Steam-boats, barges, & c 381, 751 1, 480 570, 428 268 376, 948 420 Stages . -- Wagons 12, 085 459 19,413 454 9, 626 1, 781 Ocean and lake 65, 788 200 293, 991 1, 025 7, 448 737 Total not owned or run by Government.. 3, 297, 518 1, 071 3, 293, 283 299 685, 796 1, 596 Railroads 105, 385 - 329 156, 189 1, 016 9, 569 956 Steam-boats, barges, & c 726, 790 1, 164 313