TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 51 (Part I) AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1897 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B ~L. -~) / ft.! CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF U.S. War Department War Records Offic Title Page Page R001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFVICtAL BECOT~DS 01 1111 UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. RUSSELL A. ALGER, Secretary of War, BY MAd. GEORGE W. DAVIS, U. S. ARMY, MR. LESLIE J. PERRY, CIVILIAN EXPERT, MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY, CIVILIAN EXPERT, Board of P?Lbiication. SERIES IVOLUME LIIN TWO PARTS. PAIII 1REPORTS, UNION CORRESPONI)ENCE, ETC. WASHINGTON: GOVERN1~IENT PRINTiNG OFFICE. 1897 Page R002 A Additions and Corrections Page A001 T i-IL WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPiLATION OF THE OFFICIAL BECOIIRDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO SERIES IVOLUME LI. (TX be rnserte(l in the volume. For explanation see General Index volume, Serial iNo. 130, pa~e XXVIII.) PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. EIJIHU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AJNSWORTH, CHIEF OF THE RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, AND MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY. 1~1r. JOHN S. 1~1OOBEY, Indexer. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902 Page A002 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. TEXT. PART i. Page 1014. Circular Sixth Army Corps, third and fourth lines, for The righ/ division read The Lighi Division. Page 1299. Insert * after Hazoes (Samuel) Ar/illery and add foot-note, *Impro vised, and strike out reference See Washing/on Ar/il/ery Ba//a/ion, pos/, d Ba//ery, and insert See Samuel Hawes. PART 2. Page 956. Signature, last communication, for TV F Hullehen read W. Q. Hullihen. INDEX. Insert all words and figures in italics and strike out all in [brackets]. Reference. are to parts of volume. Part. Aby, Thomas rSamuel] Y Amick, John T 2 Anderson, Benjamin Al 2 Archer, Junins L. [J. J.] I Archer, Janias L. [Doctor) 2 Armistead, Uharles G., 8j~ Armistead, Lewis A. [837] 2 Army corps, 9th (Union) [(confederate)]... Beckwith, lZdward C., 8o~ [Beckwith, cob onel, So5] Bibb, P. W. [captain] 2 Blount, F. S., io6~, Blount, R. P., [1065] 2 Brackelt, L. curtis, 8~z [Brackett, Levi, 871]. Byrd, John T. Mentioned, 206 [Byrd, Major, sofi] 2 Chamberlin [chamberlain], Thomas colder, William [ ] I coiwell, James S. [M.] Commager [Commazer], Henry S curell, James R. [Captain] 2 Davis, Jefferson. Correspondence with Duprd, Lacius [Lucien] J s Duprh, Lucius [Lucien] J s Daryce [Duryea], Abram Edmonston [Edinondston], J. N s Finley, clement A., 6~ [~6] Finney, Louis C. H., 323 [233] 2 Fisher, William [J.] Garnett, A. [J.] V. P s Gibbons, Sieneon [J.] B S Guns Court-House, [W.] Va Graham, William A., ]7., 695, 701, 706; Gra- ham, William A., [Mentioned, 695, 704, 706] 2 Greenhow, Rose ONeal [F.] s Griffith, F., 1279 [9275] I Hale, R. C. [William H.] Hallihen [Hullehen], Walter Q. [F.] 2 Humphreys, AndrewJ Johnson, BenjalninJ. [I.] 2 Kemp, Joseph B Part. Klein, Daniel, [1279] Klein, Fred., 1279 Lamar, Thompson [Thomas] B 2 Lane, James H., Brzg. Gen. (C.). Mentioned, [78] 2 Lane James H., Brz~g. Gen. (U), 78 s Lee, Charles C., 192, 202 [bee. C., 192, sos] ... 2 McCall, William H. H., z~6 [McCall, William H., 146] McDowell, Irvin. Correspondence with L3znee [Duryea], Abram Morley, R. F. [Captain] McNeil, Hugh W. Mentioned, z,3~ [Neil, Hugh W., 155] McRae, James [J.] C., [6o] MeRac, John C, 6o Mallett, A. F. [Captain] Maloy [Maley], Michael Martial Law. Virginia, 152, 488191, 193. 502, 513, 514, 517, 55 Maryland Campaign, Sept. 320, i86s. Reports of Duryce [Duryea], Abram Memminger, Christopher [Charles] G Merrimac, U. S. Frigate (C. S. S. Virginia), [946] Michigan Troops. InfantryRegiments: 1st, 389, 408, 414 [ist (Militia), 389, 408, 414] Mississippi Troops (C.). InfantryRegiments: [23111, 67] Morgan, Thomas A., Steamer Morley, R. F [Captain] Norris, William. Mentioned, 1057 Oliphant, Benjamin P. [A.] Osborne, John Q. [D.] Pegram, James W I 2 2 2 2 2 2 I I 2 I Page A003 3 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Part. 2 JJinknev [Pinckney], R. F Porter, Andrew. Mentioned, 358 [Scott, Andrew, 358] Porter, Fitz John. Mentioned, 623 [Porter, Ambrose E., 623].. Preston, James F. [T.] Pucketi, U/ill/am B. C. [Pickett, Major] Reason, Thomas D. [Ransom, 1 Schutt, Lieutenant [Edward H.] Seven Days Battles, June 25July 1,1862. Reports of Miller, Stephen, zo8 ii8o] Shaw, Franklin V Sloan,J. [John] B. E Smith, Austin F Suowden, Richard N South Carolina Troops. Artillery, ~ight[Battalio1i5: ist, 257] .... Artillery, LightBatteries: Sunder5 (Calhoun), 257 * Company A, is! Regiment Artilleiy. Speer, G.J. [F.] Stark, Molar [Colonel] Steedman [Stedman], Charles Stewart, Hem A. [ ] Strachan, David A Taliaferro. Warner [William] T Tate, Mitchell B Thomas, TV/li/am H. (Gom. Sub.). Mentioned, 324 Thomas, William H. (IC C. Leg/on). [Mentioned, 324] Tho zas A. Morgan, Steamer, 1264 Thorburn, Charles E. Mentioned, 655 [Thorburn, C. E., 655] Thouvenel, [Antoine] Edouard A 2 2 2 2 Part. Tomlin, Harrison B. Mentioned, 477 [Tomlin, , 477] 2 Tompkins, Charles H. (1st Rhode Island Artillery),~sS [Tompkins, John A., 528] Union Troops (Regulars). CavalryRegiments: ist (Became 4th Lavalry Aug. j, z86i), [y~, 848] 1 ist (Formerly ist Dragoons), ~ 545 2d (Became 5th Cavalry Aug. ~, i86z), [716, 763, 768] I sd (Formerly sd Dragoons), 716, 763, 766.. Virginia. Martial law in, 452, 458491, 493, 502, 513, 514517551 2 Virgiuza No. 2, 946; Virginia, C. S. S. (7 5. Frigate Merrimac), [946] 2 Voshurgh, Abram S 2 War Department, U. S. Correspondence with Dursee [Durvea]. Abraul I Waterhouse. John Ii I TV/id, TV/li/am H., zz~s~ Wild, Edward A., Mentioned, [1195] I Williams, James S. Mentioned, 183 [Williams, Thomas H. (Major), 183] 2 [Williams, Robert (Captain), 428. For correspondence as A. A. G., see Na- thaniel P. Banks] Williams, Robert [(Colonel)]. Mentioned, .~s5 For correspondence as A. A. G.. see Na- than/el P. Banks Wormlcy, Carter TV. [Doctor] Page A004 Page 1 CHAPTER LXIII. OPERATIONS IN MARYLAND, EASTERN NORTH CAR OLINA, PENNSYLVANIA, YIRGLNLA (EXCEPT SOUTIL WESTERN), AND WEST VIRGINIA. SUPPLEMENT EMBRACING DOCUMENTS FOUND OR RECEIVED TOO LATE FOR INSER- TION IN VOLUMES 1, 2,4, ~, 9,11,12,18,19, 21, 2~, 27, 29, 33, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, AND 46. January 1, 1861June 30, 1865. PART J* [The number in brackets at the lower left hand of each document indicates the volume to which it properly belongs.] APRIL 16, 1861.Seizure of Forts Cazwell and Johnston, N. C. Report of Col. John L. Cautwell, Thirtieth North Carolina Militia. FORT CASWELL, Mouth of Cape Pear River, April 17, 1861. Sin: For the information of the commander-in-chief I have the honor to report as follows: Early ~n the morning of the 16th instant (yesterday) I received an order by telegraph from Goldsborough, through the acting adjutant-general, directing me to proceed, with such of the force under my command as I might deem requisite for the purpose, to Forts Caswell and Johnston, and take possession of the same in the name of the State with instructions that the measure was one of precaution; to observe strictly a peaceful policy, and act only on the defensive. Accordingly at 11 a. m. of tile same day (orders having been issued to that eff~ct) I took command of the battalion corn-posed of detachments from the following companies: Wilmington Embraces the Union and Confederate reports and the Union correspondence, & c. Part IL contains the Con fcdcra.te correspondence, & c. (1) 1 R RYOL LI, PT Page 2 2 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W~ & W. VA. [CHAP. LX1IJ. Light Infantry, officered by Capt. William L. De Rosset, First Lieut. Robert B. MacRae, Third Lieut. Henry Savagecommand comprising four sergeants arid twenty-six rank and tile; German Volunteers, Capt. C. Corn ehisen, Second Lieut. H. Vollers, Third Lieut. G. H. W. Runge command comprising four sergeants and twenty-seven rank and file; Wilmington Rifle Guards, Capt. Oliver Pendleton Meares, Second Lient. William T. Huggmns, Third I ieut. Joshua T. Jamescommand comprising four sergeants and twenty-three rank and file; Cape Feam Artillery, First Lient. James M. Stevenson, commanding, Second Lient. IDougald A. Lamont, Third Lient. James D. Cunimingcommaud coni- pilsing two sergeants and eighteen rank and file; and the following staff officers, detached from the regiment, accompanied the command: James ID. Radcliffe, ma of engineers; Capt. R. U. Rankin, quarter- master; Capt. John E. Lippitt, commissary; Sergt. William A. Lord, assistant quartermaster; Sergt. Anthony Dominie Cazaux, assistant commissary; James D. MePeake, regimental orderly. Taking np the line of march, escorted by the Cape Fear Rifles (Capt. M. M. Hankins) held in reserve, I embarked the command on board the steamer W. W. llarllee, and with the transport schooner T)olphin in tow proceeded to Fort Johnston, where, arriving at 4 p. in., upon demand the fort was surrendered under protest by Ordnance Sergeant Reilly. At this post I detached Lieutenant Stevensons company of artillery, and left that officer in command of the fort. The remainder of the command then proceeded to Fort Caswell, where, arriving at 6.20 p. in., upon demand, as before, the fortification property was sur- rendered by Fort Keeper Russell and Ordnance Sergeant IDarding- killer. In addition to the parties above named, I found Sergeant Walker, of the U. S. Army, residing at the fort, each with his fam- ily. Sergeant Walker, in consequence of the discovery of repeated attempts to communicate with his Government, was placed in close confinement to his quarters. Orders have been issued to remove these sergeants with their families to Smithville, and the quartermaster has been instructed to provide them with quarters for the present. Since I have taken possession of the forts, seven 6-pounder guns at Fort Jackson, found dismounted and stored, have, under the direction of Major Radcliffe, assisted by Captain IDe Rosset, been mounted and placed in battery at that post. I find this fortification (Fort Caswell) in a dismantled and almost totally defenseless conditioim, there being but two guns mounted (their carriages being unserviceable) and no other carriages to be had within the limits of the State, as far as I am informed. For particulars as to the condition of the fortification, I respectfully refer you to the annexed report of the engineer in charge.* The acting adjutant-general, Edward Cautwell, arrived at this post this day on a tour of inspection with 2,000 sand-bags collected in Wil- mington, which are highly acceptable and will be used immediately in the defense of this post. I acknowledge with pleasure the prompt attention of that officer. I cannot refrain from expressing my thanks for the prompt manner in which this command have responded to the orders of the commander-in-chief and the spirit of both officers and men. I have as yet found it unnecessary to appoint but one officer of engineers and have to request that he and the officers of my regimental staff receive their commissions at the earliesL practicable moment. Their names and offices will be found embodied in my report. For convenience I append them, viz, Jamues D. Radcliffe, major of engineers; R. G. Rankin, quartermaster John E. Lippitt, commissary. Unless I * Not found Page 3 CHAP. LXIII.) 3 ENGAGEMENT AT BIG , YA. am adequately re-enforced or am prohibited by orders from you, I shall cause the lights at the mouth of this river to be extinguished to-morrow night, the present garrison being totally inadequate to the defense of the post. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN L. CANTWELL, Colonel Thirtieth North Carolina ]Vfilitia. ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Raleigh. ~1. JUNE 10, 1861.Engagement at Big Bethel, or Bethel Church, Va. Report of Lient. Col. Peter T. Washburn, First Vermont Infantry. CAMP BUTLER, Newport News, 17a., June 11, 18G1. SIR: Pursuant to your order, I left camp between 12 and 1 oclock the morning of the 10th with five companies of the Vermoiit regiment, being the Second Company, Captain Pelton; the Fourth Company, Cap- taiti Andross; the Sixth Company, Captain Boynton; the Eighth Com- pany, Captain Peck, and the Tenth Company, Captain Ripley; and five companies of the Fourth Massachnsetts Regiment, being Company F, Captain Shepard; Company G, Captain Gordon; Company 11, Captain Curtis; Company K, Captain Barnes~ and Company M (rifles), Captain Clark. The strength of the command was as follows: YermontSecond Company, 50 men, 1 officer; Fourth Company, 52 men, 3 officers; Sixth Company, 48 men, 3 officers; Eighth Company, 52 men, 3 officers; Tenth Company, 60 men, 3 officers. MassachusettsCompany F, 47 men, 3 officers; Company 0-, 40 men, 3 officers; Company 11,33 men, 3 officers; Company K, 55 men, 3 officers; Company M, 73 men, 3 officers. Aggregate, 538. Colonel Bendix, with a detachment of the Seventh New York Volunteers, followed my detachment with two field pieces and eleven artillerists, under the command of Lieutenant Greble, of the Second IIU. S.] Artillery. The march proceeded quietly and with great dispatch until we were within about half a mile of Little Bethel, our place of destination, Colonel Bendix having halted with his detachment and one field piece at the junction of the road from Newport News with the road from Hampton, and Lieutenant Greble having followed in the rear of my detachment with one gun. While continuiug the march heavy firing of small-arms and artillery was heard in our rear in the direction of Colonel Bendixs detachment. When it had continued so long and sharply that it appeared to me that it was a serious attack, I countermarched my troops and returned to the place where Colomiel Bendix was stationed, and found that he was opposed by a large body of troops coming from the direction of Hampton, a portion of whom I could then see upon a rise of land in front. I immediately formed my command in the order of battle, and then, fearing that they were our friends, I caused my whole line to shout Boston, together, four times. Receiving no response I advanced my line and was fired upon from a howitzer, the fire doing us no injury. The enemy, as I then supposed them to be, then disappeared, and I went forward to a house near by, where I found a number of wounded men, who stated that they belonged to Colonel Townsends New York regiment. At this time Colonel Duryca, with his regiment, who had also heard the firing, and who had reached Little Bethel at about the same time tha Page 4 4 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. I should have reached that place if my march had not been interrupted, came to the same place, and General Peirce, who had been with Col- onel Townsends regiment, also came UT). General Peirce then assumed command of all the troops, and by his order I moved my detachment on to Great Bethel. The enemy were found there intrenclied in force. Pursuant to the order ot the general, I formed my troops in line of battle in rear of Colonel Townsends regiment. Previous to this General Peirce had taken from my command one-half of Captain Shepards company (F), of the Fonrth Massachusetts Volunteers, to guard certain stores at Little Bethel, taking three non-commissioned officers and twenty-one privates. After forming line of battle Geiieral Peirce directed that two of my companies be detached as skirmishers, to hold the woods npon our left and prevent a flank attack. The Eighth and Tenth Coin. panics of the First Vermont IRegiment were detailed for that service, and were thus entirely separated from my command. Immediately afterward Captain Clarks Rifles (Company M), of the Fourth Massa- chusetts ]itegiment, and the residue of Captain Shepards company were also detached by General Peirce and sent into the woods to act as skirmishers in connection with Colonel IDuryeas regiment, and were thns separated from my command. I then received an order from Gen- eral Peirce to move through the woods beyond the right of the Zou- ayes amid attack the left flank of the enemys battery. No other direction as to location was given, and no guide was sent with me. I moved through the woods, which were very close and tangled, and after considerable difficulty succeeded in placing my men in the proper position and opened fire. The attack by my men was very spirited, and the firing from both sides very warm. Soon after I commenced the attack the firing ceased upon every other part of the work, and the enemys fire appeared to be concentrated upon us. While making the attack I was joined by Colonel Bendix with a body of his men, probably abont sixty in all. After the firing had continued about twenty minutes the enemy brought their artillery to bear upon us with grape-shot, and finding that I was not supported by any fire or attack elsewhere, except an occasional fire from Lieutenant Grebles guns, I ceased firing and withdrew my men in good order under cover of the woods. There the companies became separated, so that in forming line I found with me only Captain Peltons company of the First Vermont Regiment, and Captains l3arnes and Curtis companies, of the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, and a few men from the Fourth and Sixth Companies of the First Vermont Regiment. After remaining in line until all the men bad come in from the point of attack, I returned with these men to the l)lace where I had first formed. I then found that Colonel Duryeas regi- ment had retired and were then out of sight, and Colonel Townsends regiment was also retreating. All of my detachment assembled quickly, and I formed line of battle again upon the ground I had first Occu- pied, and reported to General Peirce for further orders, and was told by him that he had ordered a retreat, and was directed to retire with my comfim and. I retired about fifty rods, and then halted until the wounded had been got ready for transportation and the two field pieces had been brought oIL One I left with General Peirce and the other I moved off to the rear, when General Peirce informed me that the one left had been disabled, and directed me to leave the other for Coloimel Allens re~i- ment, to cover the retreat, and I did so. Both were taken by General Peirce to Fort Monroe. I then assumed the return march, arriving in camp toward night Page 5 CHAP. LXIII.] ENGAGEMENT AT BIG BETHEL, VA. 5 The expedition was a most exhausting one for all under my command. In eighteen hours the men marched some thirty-five miles, and were engaged in the battle with very slight rest, and no food except a little hard bread. Before commencing the battle they had been under arms nine hours without refreshment. The strength of the companies with which I made the assault upon the works was at that time as follows: VermontSecond Company, 50 men, 1 officer Fourth Company, 52 men, 3 ofticers; Sixth Company, 46 men, 1 officer. MassachusettsCompany (3-, 39 men, 3 officers; Company H, 33 men, 3 officers; Company K, 55 men, 3 officers. Aggregate, 289. The killed, wounded, and missing are as follows: Killed, 3; wounded, 3; missing, 1. The officers and men who were left under my immediate command behaved with perfect cool- ness and kept perfect order, both in the advance through the woods and in their attack upon the works. Everyone went into the engage- ment and fought manfully and without flinching. When all behaved so well, I cannot particularize any of them, under my immediate eye. It would be invidious to do so. I particularly noticed the coolness and bravery of Major Whittemore, of the Fourth Massachusctts ltegimnent, who was my second in comnumand; of Captains Pelton and Andross ,and Lieutenant Webb, of the Vermont reginment, and of Captains Barnes, Curtis, and Gordon, of the Fourth Massachusetts. Captain Pelton was the first man who mounted the bank in face of the enemy, and he retained his exposed position during most of the attack. Captain Andross reports Privates A. H. Stover, George W. Flanders, Burnham Cowdrey, and A. J. Young, of the Fourth (Jomnpany of the Vermont regiment, as enti- tled to commendation. The other captains report that all their men behaved with so much resolution and courage that they cannot partic- ularize any. To Major Whittemore II was much in(iebted for the coin- pact order and effective position upon the march in which the men were kept. In the attack he was in the foremost lines. I return herewith the reports t of Captains Ripley and Peck, of the Vermont regiment, and Captains Shepard and Clark, of the Fourth Massachusetts, who were taken from nuder my command by General Peirce, and who were not afterward with me until the action hind closed. I regret to be com- pelled to report, also, the death of Lieutenant Greble. He occupied, with his gulls, the most exposed position in the attack, and worked them with the most perfect coolness amid bravery during the action. He was killed by the last discharge but one which was fired by the enemy. The men under his commamid are justly entitled to great credit. They fought bravely, brought off all their guns and also the body of Lieu- tenant Greble. From information received by me I particularly mention Corporal Peeples and also Private Bisgood, of Company F, Third U. S. Artillery. From my personal observation I believe Major Winthrop, of Major-General Butlers staff to have been killed during my attack. He came to me during the midst of the attack and rushed forward, and one of my men, describing his uniform, appearance, and arms accu- rately, states that he fell h)y his side. I have the honor to remain, your most obedient servant, PETER T. WASIIBURK, Lieutenant- Colonel First Vermont Volunteers. Col. J. W. PHELPS, First Regiment Vermont Volunteers, Commanding Post. [2.] * Nominal list (omitted) shows 3 wounded and 1 missing of the First Vermont, and 3 killed of the Fourth Massachusetts. Not found Page 6 6 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.~ & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. JUNE 27, 1861.Attack on Mathias Point, Va. Report of Gol. Daniel Ruggles, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS, ]Jifathias Point, June 30, 1861. Sin: I had the honor to transmit, on the night of the 27th instant, a field report of the conflict with the enemy during that day,* and now transmit one more in detail: On the 25th instant [communicated in general terms information of the repeated attemnts made by the enemy to land men under the fire of his ships guns, in which he was in one or two instances in a measure momentarily successful. Tn the midst of this cannonade I came upon the field of action and found the condition of things so complicated that I deemed it expedient to direct the forces in person, with a view of eon- tributing, so far as my experience might enable me to do so, to success- ful results. The bombardment closed about 1 oclock, leaving on my mind an impression that the intention of the enemy was to accustom his men to land under the protection of his ships guns, and that soon we should have a practical (lemon stration of such design. On Thursday morning, the 27th instant, the reappearance of the enemys war steamer Freeborn, attended by two tugs, with three boats lowered and one large launch, indicated an intention not already realized. These steamers having anchored near Grimes Point, about 1 p. in. commenced firing on our pickets, indicating an intention to land, which was soon effected by some fifty men, driving our pickets from the coast, contrary to our reasonable expectation. Re-enforcements were immediately sent under a field officer, Major Taliaferro, to meet the enemy, and a few moineiits afterward report was brought by a mounted scout that he was in the act of landing artillery on our coast. I then ordered the entire force under arms, and directed in person the movement of some four com- panies along Grimes Point at an elevated coast range constituting the key to our position, commanding the point at which the enemy had landed, over which shot, shell, shrapnel, and stands of grape were thrown in profusion with a degree of skill and precision with which I have seldom met, sweeping our entire line of march. While advancing dowim the coast range 1 received information that the enemy had taken pos- session of the pine forest, on a poimit below the place of his landing, and that he was actually establishing a battery for his guns already on shore. As it was inexpedient to cross the low, open ground extending some 1,000 yards between Grimes Point and the timber in question, especially under the then sweeping Jire of the enemys guns, involving the prospect of serious loss, I directed Col. J. M. Brockenbrough, Fortieth Regiment Virginia Volunteers, who was with imie, to proceed to the forest on our right, leading to the point and direct the march of the two remaining battalions there held in readiness under Lieut. Col. II. A. Claybrook and Maj. II. M. Mayo, and drive the enemy from the forest toward the point to which we were then marching with the forces on the left. In advancing, I soon afterward encountered three of the enemys scouts, who sought shelter in a small skirt of underbrush, and we abstained from firing on them, as it would have precipitated the retreat of the euemy from the forest before Colonel Brockenbroughs force could have engaged him there, by which means he would have effected his escape unpunished. About (ip. in. Colonel Brockeubroughs See Vol. Ii, P. 136 Page 7 CHAP. LXIII.] SKIRMISH AT HARPERS FERRY, VA. 7 force opened fire on the enemy apparen tly retreating to their boats, but in reality returning to the steamers to carry a howitzer battery on shore, and (irove them in confusion into their boats and the river. A brief skirmish ensued, in which several of the enemy fell, and were supposed to have been killed and wounded. During the conflict the fire of oar men was turned upon the steamer Freeborn as well as upon the boats, which were pushed off with precipitation and alarm. The attack was made by Maj. li. M. Mayo with Gouldins company of Sparta Greys, under First Lieutenant Saunders, and Lees legion of cavalry, nuder First Lieutenant Beale, belonging to his battalion, and terminated before the troops concentrating became generally engaged. There was every indication that the enemy suffered a severe loss, while on our part we met with none. We captured 4 shovels aiid 8 axes, and some 250 sand- bags, and a large coil of rope, and some arms and equipments. The enemy had actually commenced raising intrenchments with sand-bags, and by felling timber indicated an intention to occupy the position. 1 have great pleasure in expressing my satisfaction with the excellent conduct of the troops I have the honor to command. Maj. B. M. Mayo, First Lieut. W. M. Saunders, First Lient. iR. L. T. Beale, and Second Lient. A. G. Dade are entitled to separate notice. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, DKNIEL RUGGLES, Colonel, Provisional Army, Commanding Forces. First Lient. H. II. WALKER, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, C. S. Army. ~2.j JULY 4, 1861.Skirmish at Harpers Ferry, Va. Report of Col. John W. Stiles, Eighty-third New York Infantry (Ninth State Militia). HuQus. NINTH REGIMENT NEW YORK STATE MILITIA, Sandy Hook, near Harpers Ferry, July 4, 18G1. Sin: In compliance with yonr order of to-day, I arrived here about 4.3() p. in. and found Major Atterbury with two companies retiring toward the village, having been engaged across the Potomac near the bridge with the rebels pickets, and at a great disadvantage, the rebels being under cover of bridge piers, trestle-work, and firing from the windows with rifles, while the arms in the hands of our men were the ordinary percussion muskets, which could not carry across the river with any precision. I have the honor of inclosing a copy of Major Atterburys report of the comnbat,* the result of which shows the necessity of changing the arms we have now in use for some long- reach arm. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. W. STILES, Colonel Ninth New York State Militia. Colonel STONE, Commanding Rockviile Expedition. [2.] __ __ __________________________ See next, post Page 8 8 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Report of Maj. William Atterbury, Eighty-third New York Infantry (Ninth AS~tate Militia). IIARPER8 FERRY, July 4, 1861. DEAR SIR: About 4 oclock this p. m. the picket guard, under the command of Lieutenant Gaibraith, of Company E, was fired upon by the rebels ou the opposite side of the river at this point, iu consequence of the attempt on the part of two of the picket guard to prevent the crossing of a member of the Pennsylvania regiment who had succeeded in crossing part way over about half a mile above the picket, the firing continning after the return of the sentries to the picket, being very galling, and fearing they would attempt to cross over, Lieutenant Gal- braith desired that re-enforcements might be sent him. Feeling satis- fied that if attacked in the village a large sacrifice of the lives of the citizens would be the result, I ordered the advance of the command, consisting of Company A, Captain Morrison; Company C, Captain Prescott, and a detail of sixteen men from Company G, to proceed with me at once to the bridge. On arrival, found the enemy posted about; the trestle-work and behind the abutments of the bridge on the Vir- ginia shore and in some of the buildings along the river. Opened fire on them, but ascertaining that the muskets of the command were not effective at that distance and the enemy being armed with rifles or rifled muskets, ordered the command to retire, which was done with the following results: John Earle Banks, of Company G, shot throngh the breast, died while being removed from the field; Ernest Gedricke, of Company A, shot through the abdomen, supposed to be mortally wounded; Henry V. Williamson, of Company G, shot through the leg, severely wounded, but will probably recover; Fred. R. Warner, of Company C, shot through the leg, slightly wounded. The men behaved with great courage and retired with reluctance. Res~)ectfully, yours, & c W. ATTVRI3URY, Major Ninth Regiment New York State Militia. Col. J. W. STILES, Ninth Regiment New York State Militia. [2.j JULY 11, 1861.Engagement at Rich Mountain, W. Va. Report of Vol. Miahlon D. ]JiEanson, Tenth Indiana Infantry. JIDQRS. TENTH REGIMENT INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Battle-Field, Rich Mountain, July 12, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Tenth Regiment Indiana ~fohinteers at the late battle of Rich Mountain, July 11, 1861, in obedience to your order: I formed the regiment at 3 a. in. of the morning of the 11th of July, 1861, and marched under your orders in a direction flanking the enemy, and when we arrived within about one mile and three-quarters of the works of the enemy on the Beverly road, we filed off to the right and passed along the side of the mountain until we came to a blind road leading to Harts house, on the Beverly road. I sent forward Company A under charge of Capt. Chris. Miller, as skirmishers, and formed the remainder of the regiment into columns, and took up the order ~o Page 9 CHAP. LXIII.] ENGAGEMENT AT RICH MOUNTAIN, W. VA. 9 march ill advance, in the direction of the enemy. When within three- quarters of a mile of the enemys works I caine npon their pickets, who fired npon ns, mortally wounding Capt. Chris. Miller,* who fell at my side while gallantly pnshing forward his company, and also instantly killing Sergt. James A. Taggart, and severely wounding Orderly Sergt. Chanucey II. Thompson, of Company A. I ordered Company A to fire, which they did, killing five of the enemy. Under your orders I immediately pushed forward the column (and threw out four coinpa- nies as skirmishers), letting my left rest on the road and my right extend to the brow of the mountain overlooking the Beverly Valley. In this position I moved forward during a violent mountain rainstorm, which drenched the men to such an extent that I was astonished that they were able to keep the locks of their guns (Iry nntil. we came to within 350 yards. of the enemys batteries and infantry, when we formed a line of battle and opened fire upon the enemy, which they returned with great spirit from their batteries and infantry, throwing from their batteries shrapnel, shot, ball, & c., with rapidity and force. I immediately gave the command for the men to lie down (being at that time far in advance toward the enemy), which in a great measure sheltered them from the enemys fire, in which posture they renmained, receiving the fire of the enemy entirely alone for full forty minutes, and returning a fire which had great effect for the time to silence the batteries and drive the infantry of the enemy from the road. During this fire the Eighth Indiana Ilegiruent, under Colonel Benton, took position on the right, and three companies of the Thirteenth Indiana Regiment, under Colonel Sullivan, on the left, when we received your order to form column by l)latoons ~ind charge the battery and intrenchi- ments of the enemy, which was done as promptly as the rugged nature of the ground would admit, being supported gallantly on the right by the Eighth Indiana and on the left by the Thirteenth Indiana Regiments. On reaching the road in our charge down tIme mountain, the enemy was dispersed and fled in confusion up the side of the opposite moun- tain and down the road toward their fortifications, very hotly pursued in their flight, and quite a number of prisoners taken by us. When near the road I saw the enemy attempting to escape with one of their cannon. I gave the command to shoot the horses, which Sergeant Davis, of Company G, did, when a portion of Company E, under Cor- poral Lawrie, and of Company K, under Lieutenants Falmestock and Beitzell, deployed down the road, overtook the caiinon, and took posses- sion of it. In making this capture, Private Brooks, of Company K, was severely and dangerously wounded. I immediately ordered the wounded horse to be unloosed and my men to haul the cannon to a high point on the Beverly road, which they did, when Captain Konkle, of Company K, Nineteenth Ohio Regiment, took charge of it, loaded and brought it to bear upon the road to rake any advance of the enemny if they attempted to return or be re-enforced from their fortifications. The cannomi was taken from and brought to bear against the enemy within ten minutes time after it was in their possession. I then threw out Company B, Captain Fleming, and Company 0-, umider command of Lient. E. H. Morgan, as skirmishers down the valley in direction of Camp Garnett, during which Private Ethington, of Company B, captured and returned five prisoners. With the other eight companies I formed the line of battle across the Beverly road, with the right extending well up the mountain, facing the dimiection of the enemys approach * Records show that Captain Miller was not dead at the date of the mnster oat of his company, Augast 6,1861 Page 10 10 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. from Camp Garnelt, in which position we remained upon our arms all night. On the morning of the 12th of July, 1861, about daybreak, I sent, byyour order, Capt. A. 0. Miller, of Company C, with his coin- pany (being same formerly commanded by Brigade Major Blake), to take possession of Camp Garnett, which he did, Lieutenant Watkins, who was left in command of said camp, surrendering his sword and all the camp equipage and public and private property therein to him, and I am proud to say that not one dollars worth of public or private property belonging to the enemy was appropriated by the company to their own use. I herewith inclose paper marked A containing a list of the killed and wonnded of my regiment in the battle, showing thirty killed and wouuded.* The officers and men under my command behaved with a great degree of coolness and courage during the entire engagement. I would call especial attention to Maj. William C. Wil- son, who gallantly led forward the left wing, although severely wonuded, and to Lieutenant-Colonel Bryant, nutil he fell by the effect of concussion by the explosion of a shell; also Major McCrea, the sur- geon of my regiment, and Captain Myers, assistant surgeon, for the prompt manner they attended the wounded on the field of battle; also to Adjutant Kise for the discharge of his duty; and I cannot close my report without mentioning the name of Private J. 1-I. Boyle, of Com- pany C, for great gallantry; and also D. B. Hurt, whom I had the pleasure to present to you the evening prior to the battle, and whose great knowledge of the mountains and efficiency as a guide I doubt not contributed largely to our success. I also file herewith the reporti of the captains of part of my regiment, who acted in the charge up the mountain under your orders. All of whi~h is respectfully submitted. I am, vcry respectfully, your obedient servant, MAIILON D. MANSON, Colonel Tenth Indiana Regiment. Brig. Gen. W. S. iiONECRANS. [2.1 Report of Col. Jeremiah C. ~SuUivan, Thirteenth Indiana Infantry. BEVERLY, VA., July 15, 18G1 The Thirteenth Indiana iRegiment, together with the Eighth and Tenth Indiana, the Nineteenth Ohio, and Captain Burdsals cavalry, were ordered on the morning of the 11th to turn the position of the rebels encamped on I~ich Mountain, and attack theni in rear. After a very tedious march, following a path which led us through thickets so dense and woods so filled with undergrowth that it was impossible to see fifty feet on either side, now foil owing the bed of a mountain stream for our path and then using the compass for our only guide, we climbed and scrambled to the top of the mountain in their rear. Just as we reached the summit of the mountain we were overtaken by a terrific storm, which raged with great fury, making it seem as if our duty led us to encounter nature, the elements, and man. While marching along the ridge of the mountain, to take up a position which comnmuanded the road leading to Beverly, we were fired on by the picket guard of the rebels. Driving them in, we continued our march down the side oC the mountain into a valley which opened on the road. Between our forces and the road the ground was covered with a dense thicket of underbrush, from which and the hill on the opposite side the rebels Nominal list (omitted) shows 3 killed and 27 wounded. tNot found Page 11 CHAP LXIII.] ENGAGEMENT AT RICH MOUNTAIN, W. VA. 11 opened a heavy and continuous fire of rifles and musketry. Directly opposite on the road was a battery of two guns, brass 6-pounders, which were well served, firing shot and shell with great rapidity. In the rear of the guns was built a breast-work to protect the guns in case of a charge or an attempt to carry them oIL One of these guns was soon silenced by the effective and heavy fire kept up by the regiments named above. The Thirteenth itegiment was divided, five companies being detached under Lieutenant-Colonel Eleifren to guard the flank of our position, while five companies under my own conunall(l moved forward toward the position of the rebels. Driving the enemy before us as we advanced, my command was again divided. One portion under my lead, composed of Company A, Captain Dobbs; Company B, Captain Wilson; Company H, Captain Clinton, charged up the hill, while two coin- panies under command of Major FosterCompany E, Captain Kirk- p8trick, and Company G, Captain Saylescharged down the road to tnrn their flank. While charging down the road they met a re-enforce- ment for the rebels under command of Captain Skipwith and Lieuten- ant Dorset, numbering some fifty men, with a brass 6-pounder. After a very sharp fight of some minutes the rebels fled, leaving their cap- tain amid several men dead on the field aiid Lieutenant I)orset and the gun in our possession. The companies under my command were during this time engaged in a hand-to-hand fight in the woods, routing the rebels, who fled, leaving 32 dead and numbers wounded, my loss amount- ing to 6 killed and 8 wounded (whose names you have in paper inclosed ).* I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of the mcii engaged in the fight. The number of the dead and wounded bears testimony of the determined foe they encountered, while their being victorious is sufli- cient evidence that they did their duty. I would notice specially the conduct of the officers, every one of them fighting at the head of their companies. To my adjntammt, C. II. I~oss, I amn indebted for valuable assistance, and I would also notice that he was with Major Fosters command when the caimnon under Captain Skipwith was captured. I would also call your attention to Private Benjamin Smith, Company H, who killed a rebel while in the act of firing upon you as you charged with my command upon their position. That portion of the regiment left to guard the flank was the primicipal mark of the rebels cannon, several round shot and shell falling directly among them, fortunately doing no injury. JEll. C. SULLIVAX, Colonel7 Commanding Thirteenth Regiment Indiana Volunteers. [Brig. Gen. W. S. ItoSEcRANs.] ~2.1 Reports of Lieut. Orlando M. Poe, U. S. Topographical Engineers. WASHINGTON, D. C., August 18, 1861. SIR: In accordance with your directions I have the honor to submit the following report upon the operations of the Topographical Depart- miient in front of the enemnys positiomi at Rich Mountain and in explana- tion of the sketch forwarded to the Bureau of Topographical Engineers under date of August 6, 1861: The fight at Rich Mountain took place at the crest, where the Par- kersburg and Staunton turnpike crosses, at which point the enemy had Omitted Page 12 12 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. ~, & W. VA. [CHAP. LXII1. erected a breast-work of the most elementary character, consisting only of logs laid one on top of the other, and supported in their position by struts, as used in building wharves. There was no ditch nor any earthen parapet, the work-evidently having been constructed in the most hur- ried manner. This breast-work was about one mile and a half in rear of the main work, which completely commanded the road, at a point seven miles and a half west of Beverly, the county seat of Randolph County, Va. The Federal forces, under Major-General McClellan, U. S. Army, left their camp, on the Middle Fork of l3uckhannon River, on the morning of Wednesday, July 10, 1861. After marching about six miles, I left my position near the commanding general and rode to the front, taking my position in the advanced guard. As we debouched from the woods about half a mile west of the Roaring Run bridge we saw, a few hundred yards in front of us, a cavalry vedette, which exchanged shots with us and then fled, pursued by a detachment of our cavalry, but without catching them, the enemy having destroyed the bridge, a fact not known to us until our cavalry were upon its site and found it gone, while the enemy had crossed by a ford a few hundred yards below the bridge, and were already beyond our reach. From a knoll just in front of the woods alluded to the enemy could be plainly seen in his intrenchments some two miles to the eastward and on the line of the road. I at once rode back and informed General McClellan of the condition of affairs and the necessity for rebuilding the bridge over Roaring Run before we could cross it with our artillery and bag- gage He rode forward himself to examine it, and, concurring in my opinion, ordered a halt and afterward that tents be pitched. Time next morning (it being too late to do so the evening before) he directed me to make a reconnaissamice iii force. For this purpose the brigade then under command of Col. R. L. McCook was detailed. This l)rigade con- sisted of the Ninth Ohio and Fourth Ohio Regiments, commanded by Colonels McCook and Lorin Andrews, and the Coidwater (Michigan) Artillery, Captain Loomis. All were three years volunteers and formed the advanced guard of the army. Upon reaching the ground where the brigade was to form I found the two regiments mentioned and four field pieces without caissons; also Colonels Lander (now brigadier- general) and Key, both of the generals staff, who accompanied me as volunteers. We moved forward at once until we reached our outer l)icket, when we halted and threw out our flankers, composed of six comnpanies of the Ninth Ohio Regiment. And here I must allude to the admirable manner in which these troops performed their duty. I was totally without experience, yet it seemed to me that these men, under the immediate direction ~f Lieutenant-Colonel Sondershoff and Major Willich, of the Ninth, did their duty in the most perfect manner. The accompanying sketch will show the manner in which the flankers were disposed. In a few minutes we came upon the enemys pickets and were fired upon, the field pieces in the intrenchinents throwing canister and spherical case-shot to dislodge us from the woods, bnt our march never faltered until we reached a position some 200 yards in front of the enemnys works, where the troops were halted an.d remained quietly under cover of the woods while I obtained such information as was deemed necessary.. The works of the enemy were plainly seen, together with the obstruc- tions iu.front (we were at the outer edge of them) and the whole dis- position for defense. The troops were themi recalled, and we returned to camp with a loss of 1 man killed and 2 wounded. We captured tw Page 13 CHAP. LXIII.] ENGAGEMENT AT RICH MOUNTAIN, W. VA. 13 prisoners of the picket guard, which (as afterward stated to me by Colonel Heck) numbered in all 120 men. These prisoners were dis- affected toward the rebel service and gave us valuable information. From the reconnaissance I saw that we could probably carry the work by storm, but it would be with heavy loss, as the enemys position was naturally a strong oue. There appeared to be no other road leading to it but the turnpike, which it completely commanded. I. however, noticed a low ridge bordering a small brook which crossed the road a short distance (within canister range) of the works, and which appeared to run parallel with the direction of the enemys lines and to increase in altitude as it extended from the road. Its front towar(l the enemy was a bold escarpment, and I was of the opinion that it preserved this character for some distance. The next morning, some hours after the departure of General iRosecrans with his brigade, intended to turn the enemys hank and attack the redoubt of which information had been given by the prisoners alluded to, I was directed to move forward, under escort of eight companies of the Third and all of the Fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, Colonels Marrow and Lorin Andrews, until the ridge spoken of above was reached, and then to move up this ridge, to ascertain whether a position could be found from which the works could be either enfiladed or taken in reverse by a battery of 6-pounders to be placed there; this reconnaissance to be made l)rovide(l it could be~ done without alarming the enemy. I found, upon reaching the head of the escort, that ti rough some misunderstanding upon tJu~e part of bri- gade commanders, our pickets had been withdrawii from the advanced positions we had reached the day before, and that we had all the ground to go over again. However, our flanking dispositions were made and we moved forward. We had gone but a short distance when a patrol of the enemy was seen iu the road some 250 yards beyond us. They perceived us, and, of course, rendered it impossible to advance without giving the alarm. Under these circumstances I ordered a halt and sent to General McClellan, by the hands of Colonel Key (again a volunteer), the following dispatch: The enemys patrol in sight. Probably cannot occupy the position indicated without driving in his pickets. Shall we do so ~ After an absence of an hour, during which we stood exposed to a pelting rain, Colonel Key returned with an affirmative answer, when we at once advanced, cx pecting momentarily to encounter their pickets, but for some reason not known they never fired upon us, but fell back to their works and w~ quietly occupied the desired position. I then l)laced the Fourth Regiment in reserve, put four companies of the Third in ambush by the side of the brook, and moved up the crest of the ridge with two companies deployed as skir- mishers along the crest, one company deployed at right angles to the crest, and connecting with head of the other line, and one company inside of the angle thus formed, which was intended to act as a support to either line, if at tacked. We advanced with the greatest care, know- ing that we might be attacked at any moment, but the enemy made no demonstration whatever, and after some three hours of severe labor in crawling through laurel and over rocks we reached what seemed to me to be the proper site for a battery to accomplish tIme desired purpose. I sent a man to the top of a tree, and his report fully confirmed inc in my opinion. I then returned to the main road as rapidly as possible. Meanwhile General Rosecrans had gained the enemys rear, and after a sharp fight carried the redoubt already described, and when I reached the road I found General McClellan with his available force drawn u Page 14 14 ~rn., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. there, ready to make the attack in front as soon as General IRosecrans performed his part of the programme and attacked the niaill work in the rear. I at once reporte(l to General McClellan that I had succeeded in finding such a position as lie desired, and had blazed a practicable road to it, and with 400 men I thought I could make the road before dark, it then being about 5 p. in. The working party was detailed from the Fourth Regiment, the men who had accompanied me up the hill being too much exhausted to do work. I very soon found that with my fresh men the work could be completed before the time I had specified, the route being much better than I had at first thought it was. After the work was more than half done I left the whole in charge of Colonel McCook, who had joined inc with twenty pioneers of the Ninth Regiment, and reported to General McClellan that if he ordered the battery for- ward I could put it in position the same evening. While the road was - being made the enemy, hearing the chopping, fired several rounds of canister amongst the working party, but soon ceased firing, as they could not tell what effect their shots had. It showed us two things, however that they knew we were cutting a road by which to establish a battery upon their left flank, and that our position was well chosen. Its site is fixed upon the sketch, and a dotted hue leading to it from the main road showing the general direction of the road we made. The enemy dur- ing the latter part of the afternoon had been very jubilant, to judge from the cheers which proceeded from their lines, as well as the speech mak- ing which we distinctly heard, which, together with the failure of Gen eral Rosecrans to attack the rear, as had been arranged, led us to believe that he had been repulsed. Umider these circumstances I was directed to finish the road and to leave at the site of the battery a sufficiemit iiumber of men to hold it, and to lead Captain Howes battery (Company G, Fourth Artillery) to the spot at ami early hour in the morning. The Ninth Regiment, under Colonel MeCook, bivouacked upon the ground, a drenching rain pouring upon them all night. In the morning, while I was waiting for Captain Howe to get ready to move with his bat- tery, a dragoon rode into camp and up to headquarters. I recognized him as a member of the mnounted company that had accompanied Gen- eral liosecrans. He informimed me that he had ridden through the enemys works, which had beemi evacuated during the night. I informed General McClellan, who directed me to ride forward and ascertain the truth of the statement. I did so, and found the position already occupied by General Rosecrans. I rode to the highest point of the works amid saw that the battery site was only about 500 yards from there, anti com- manded it by at least sixty feet. A single glance was sufficient to show the cause of their hurried retreat. The battery, as the sketch will show, would have had an oblique fire upon one face, a reverse fire upon another, and would have completely enfiladed their longest line. With one bat- tery in position (they supposed it was) their works were untenable. The sketch was reduced from one of their own, captured in the tent of their engineer, and some additions were made by myself after their retreat. Their positiomi, naturally a strong one, was weakened by constructing lines of near one-third of a mile in length when they had only 1,800 men to defend them with, as well as their total neglect of the comnmandin g point of which I have been speaking. For 150 yards in width they had cut the heavy timber in front of their line. The limbs were allowed to remain, and with their demise foliage, yet green, would have made an excellent cover for an attacking party. Indeed, I think that imistead of strength- ening their defenses, they weakened them, as no difficulty would hav Page 15 CHAP. LXIII.] ENGAGEMENT AT RICH MOUNTAIN, W. VA. t5 been found in gaining a lodgmeut in this entanglement, and thence, while completely hidden, picking off the enemy one by one. The space in front covered by these entanglements is, on the sketch, not filled up by the conventional signs for timber or forest. All of which is respectfully submitted by your obedient servant, ORLANDO M. POE, First Lieutenant, Topographical Engmneers. Lient. Col. IIARr~AN BAdE, Commanding Topographical Engineers. Order of march of reconnoitering force under direction of Lieut. 0. 31. Poe, Topographical Engineers, July 11, 1861. One company (101 men) at 12-foot intervals. Support to left flank. ~ One company (101 men). Crest of ridge alluded The dotted line represents the flankers; one company of 101 men on each side of the road, deployed at about 12-foot intervals. In rear of the center of each flank marched two ~ companies hy fours as a support for its flank- -~ ers; four companies of Ninth Regiment in re- serve. Fourth Regiment, 1,000 strong, hy fours, as a further reserve, 100 yards in rear of MeCook; four pieces of Lbornis battery 100 yards in rear of Andrews. March was in direction of arrowhead. I One company (101 men) at 12-foot intervals. One company I One company: Support to right flank. I II 1 I II 1 to on next page. } Ninth Regiment Ohio volunteers (Colonel McCook): Four companies in reserve marching along the road by fours. FourthlRegimentOhiovolunteers (Col. Lorin Andrews), movin,, by fours. Four pieces from Loomis battery Page 16 16 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Order of march of reconnoitering force under command of Lieut. 0. M. Poe, Topographical Engineer8, Jnly 12, 186%. The movement was along the crest, in the direction of the arrowhead, the reconnoitering officer occupying the angle, and from thence direct- ing the whole movement. No words of command were given, simply motions of the hand, conveyed along the line from one man to another. [2.J WASHINGTON, D. 0., September 8, 1861. COLONEL: I have the honor to transmit herewith the Sketch of the fight at Rich Mountain, which you had l)laced in my hands for completion.* I have added as much topography as I feel justified in doing, in fact, all of which I have much knowledge. Between the two works my reconnaissance was confined absolutely to the turnpike and what I could see from it. Our march on the morning we gained posses- sion of the main work was a rapid one to a point on the Laurel Hill road one mile north of Beverly aiid nine miles from Rich Mountain. Personally, I was with the advance, and could only attend to the duties incumbent upon an officer in that position and look about inc to a dis- tance which, owing to the density of the underbrush which is charac- teristic of that region, was quite limited. The drawing of the main work was reduced from one made by the enemy and captured by us, See Plate 2, Map 5, of the Atla5. flJn e eompa~, (100 men~) at 10 feet intervats. jf~ I One eompar~ (100 men) as a s~qport to eitlter line. - Page 17 THE BULL RUN CAMI5AIGN. Col. II. BAdE, Commanding Topographical Engineers. 12.1 and was verified upon the ground by myself. Otherwise we would have been without any sketch claiming to be accurate, for there was no time in which to make a survey. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ORLANDO M. POE First Lieutenant, Topographical Engtneers. JULY 1622, 1861.The Bull Run, or IWanassas, Campaign, Va. Return of casualties in the Union forces at the battle of Ball Run, Va., July 21, 1861.* [Compiled front nominal list of casualties.] Command. DEPARTMENT OF NOIlTHEASTEUN VIII GINIA. Brig. Gen. IRVIN MCDOWELL. Killed. S Wounded. ~Ii 0 Staff FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DANIEL TYLER. Staff First Brigade. Col; ERASMUS D. KEYES. 1st Connecticut 2d Connecticut 3d Connecticut 2d Maine Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ROaRRT C. SCHENCE. 2d New York (State Militia) 1st Ohio ... - 2d Ohio 2d U. S. Artillery, Battery E Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. WILLIAM T. SHERMAN. lltliNewYork 69th New York (State Militia) 79th New York 2d Wisconsin 3d U. S. Artillery, Battery E Total Third Brigade 2d U. 5. Artillery, Battery M Total First Division 1 Captured or luissilIg. Sr be S 0 2. 2 8 1 8 17 2 1 4 1 8 16 4 1 12 18 15 13 2 22 3 115 155 39 4 46 5 149 223 16 15 5 24 60 1 4 1 6 12 1 2 8 ii 3. 4 8 15 21 25 6 46 98 11 27 20 58 1 16 1 59 3 92 192 2 30 7 44 8 107 198 23 7 58 2 61 151 4 2 6 3 104 15 190 13 280 605 1 4 144 21 261 24 475 929 1 ~ This statement supersedes the tables printed in Vol. H, pp. 327, 351, ~87, 405, 426. 2 H HVOL LI, PT I CHAP. LXIII.] 1 Page 18 18 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. ~y., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII Return of casualties in the Union forces at the battle of Bull Bun, ~c.Continued. Command. DEPARTMENT OF NORTHEASTERN VIR t}INIAContji;ued. SECONI) DIVISION. (1) Col. DAVID TJUNTER.* (2) Col. ANDREW PORTER. Staff First Brigade. Kille(l. Vt5rnnded. a 0 I a 0 Captured or ]IIISSIB0. C 6 0 ~ 1 - -- . -... 1 Col. ANDREW PORTER. 8th New York (State Miiitiaj 8 14th New York (State Militia) 2 23 27th New York 1 25 Battalion U. S. Cavalry) I3attalion U.S. Infant.ry~ 13 Battalion U. S. MarInes 1 8 5th U. S. Artillery, Battery D 5 Total First Brigade 4 82 Second Brigade. Col. AMBROSE E. BURESIDE. 2d Tew hampshire 71st New York (State Militia) 1st Rhode Island 2d Rhode 151Rn(l Rhode Island Battery Total Second I3rigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Col. SAMUEL P. HEINTZELMAN.~ First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM B. FRANKLIN. 5th Massachusetts 11th Massachusetts 1st Minnesota 1st U. S. Artillery, Batteryl Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. ORLANDO B. WILLcox. 1st Michigan 11th New York 38th New York 2d U. S. Artillery, Battery D Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. OLIVER 0. HOWARD. 3d Maine 4th Maine 5th Maine 2d Vermont Total Third Brigade Total Third Division 1 4 5 9 I 1 2 4 2 3 2 1 12 9 1 10 3 12 19 3 3, 53, 7 135~ 20 5 7 45 11 68 15 12 15 2 64 5 . 16 3 3 3 3 7 1 14 8 1 6 15 17 44 42 13 17 17 15 165 .4 37 39 46 8 164 329 29 38 102 14 183 33 75 49 5 162 11 2 34 2 8 1 42 27 5 3 ~ 34 4 4 8 1 2 3 12 2 2 4 1 2 2 2 9 38 65 142 60 130 5 18 10 63 16 44 8 29 191 464 63 107 11 62 28 82 26 98 3 14 Ill 363 32I~ 829 22 59 38 88 28 185 27 18 359 IL) 117 O 177 1.0 128 10 185 432 - 13: 29 3 33: 88 1 23 37 1 24 71 95 5 93 225 440 14 366 1,016 * Wounded. Companies A and E, First Cavalry; B, E, G, aII(l I, Second Cavalry, and K, Second Dragoons. Companies C and G Second; B, D, G, II, and K, Third, and G, Esghth Infantry. ~Wounded and captured Page 19 CHAP. LXIII.] THE BULL RUN CAMPAIGN. Return of ceesualties in the Union forces at the battle of Bull Bun, ~-c.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a Command. ii a II C C C a . a . a . C a a a a a a as a a a oo 0 ~ 0 ~ DEPARTMENT OF NORTHEASTERN VIR- GINIAContinued. FIFTH DIVISION. Col. DIXON S. MILES. First Brigade. Col. Louis BLaNKER. 8th New York 2 2 7 11 29th New York 2 1 8 35 46 39thNewYork 2 5 54 6t Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS A. DAVIES. 16th New York 31st New York. Total Second Brigade Total Fifth Division Grand total 6 1 15 96 118 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2 16...... 97 121 1 2 3 16 444 78 1,046 5(1 1,262 2,896 0//leers killedCapt. Lewis MeKune, First Minnesota; Lieut. Daniel Divver, Eleventh New York; Lieuts. Theodore R. Salter and Clayton Scholes, Fourteenth New York State Militia; Lient. Asa Park, Twenty-seventh New York; Lieut. Col. James Haggerty, Sixty-ninth New York; Col. James Cam- eron and Capt. David Brown, Seventy-ninth New York; Lieut. Henry A. Prescott, First Rhode Island; Col. John 5. Siocum, Maj. Sullivan Ballon, and Capts. Levi Tower ahd Samuel J. Smith, Second Rhode Island; Lient. Douglas Ramsay, First U. S. Artillery; Lieut. Presley 0. Craig, Second U. S. Artillery, and Lient. RoBert E. Hitchcock, U. S. Marine Corps. 0//leers mortally woundedCapt. Elisha N. Jones and Lieut. Lyman E. Richardson, Second Maine; Licilt. Thomas G. Bowdin, Eleventh Massachusetts; Capt. Ebenezer Butterworth and Lients. John M. Casey and Bernhard Mauch, First Michigan; Lieut. Col. Noah L. Faruham, Eleventh New York, and Capt. 0. H. Tilliughast, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army. [2.] Report of Cot. Thomas A. Davies, Sixteenth New York Infantry, com- manding Second Brigade, Fifth Division, of ~kirmish at Fairfax Court-house, July 17. HEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE, FIFTH 1)IiVISION, July 17, 1861. Agreeably to General Orders, No. 9, the Second Brigade, commanded by me, CoIlSistilIg of the Sixteellth, Eighteenth, Thirty-first, aiid Thirty- second 1~egimeiits, and Company U, Second Artillery (Greenes light battery), took the advance of the Fifth Division, moving on Fairfax Court-House by way of the old Braddock road south of tile turnpike road. I found the road very difficult for heavy artillery and batricaded by trees felled across the road as often as on~ iu a quarter of a mile, requiring the constant use of the pioneer corps. After passing very many of these barricades we came to a blind barricade directly across the road and evidently intended for artillery. After making recon- naissance we found a small picket posted behind it, when my advanced pickets were ordered to charge and fire npon them, which they did, dis- persing it nnder a running fire. No one on our side was injured, and we never turned aside to ascertain whether any of the enemy were killed 1 Page 20 20 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. LCHAP. IXJIL or not; the pickets reported, however, seeing several men fall. This running fire and reconnaissance was continued to within one mile of the Fairfax Court-House, the enemy continuing retreating and tiring U~Oll our advancing pickets at every couvenient opportunity. After the exchange of fires a reconnaissance was made, discovering many abandoned masked batteries, and at last quite an extensive temporary fortification about one mile and a half from Fairfax Court-House, out of which we drove the enemy, who left their camp equipage, clothing, swords, and the like. We then pressed on to the encampment of the Fifth Alabama Hegiment, which fled before us, leaving many valuable articles, guns, camp equipage, tents, corn, stores, and their hospital sick, taking the road, as we understood, to Ceuterville and Manassas Junction. At this point, having received information that General McDowell had taken possession of Fairfax Conrt-House~ the Fifth I)ivis- ion encamped, partly on the ground of the Fifth Alabama and the balance in the vicinity of the cross-roads. I have to report to you that we had three men woundedone in the leg, one in the side, an done through the hand. We did not stop to examine the effect of shots which we made, but it is reported to me that as many as fifteen to twenty were seen to fall in the woods. I have to report to you further the energetic manner in which Lieutenant-Colonel Young, of the Eighteenth Regi- ment, in charge of the advance guard, performed his duty, and further that not a single man of any regimeimt fell back for an instant but on the contrary, the most determined bravery was displayed by every man who came in contact with the enemy. Respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. A. DAVIES, Colonel, (Jomdg. 2d Brig., 5th Div., Troops Northeastern Virginia. Colonel MILES, Commafiding Fifth Division. [2.J Aeport of Col. Willis A. (Jorman, First Minnesota Infantry. HEADQUARTERS FIRST MINNESOTA REGIMENT, Washington, July 26, 1861. Siu: I have the hbnor to communicate, as colonel of the First Minne- sota Regimen t of Volunteers, tIme events connected with the movements of my command, comprising a part of your brigade: On Tuesday morning, the 16th instant, in obedience to your order, we took up the line of march, and on the evening of Thursday arrived at Centerville and bivouacked until Sunday morning, the 21st instant, at 2.30 oclock, when we again took up our line of march, in obedience to your orders, to meet the enemy, then known to be in large force betweeim Bull Run and Manassas Station, Va. Our march from Cetiterville to Bull Run was not marked by any extraordinary event, my regiment leading the advance of yonr brigade. On arriving at Bull Run the bat- tle began to rage with great warmth with the advance column of infantry and artillery of another division, both being hotly engaged. Here Cap- tain Wright, of the military engineers, serving as an aide upon the staft~ of Colonel lleintzelman, commanding our division, informed me that my regiment was needed to flank the enemy upon the extreme left; where- upon I moved forward at quick arid double-quick time, until we arrived at an open field looking out upon the enemys lines. Afte Page 21 CHAP. LXIII.] THE BULL RUN CAMPAIGN. 21 holding this position a short time, Captain Wright, by your direction, ordered me through the woods, to take position near the front and cen- ter of the enemys line, in an open field, where we came under the direct fire of the enemys bafteries, formed in column by ~ After remaining in this position for some ten minutes I received orders from both your aides and those of Colonel lleintzelman to pass the whole front of the enemys line, in support of iRicketts battery, and pro- ceed to the extreme right of our line and the left of the enemy, a dis- tance of about a mile or more. The movement was efi~cted at quick and double-quick time, both by the infantry and artillery, during which march the men threw from their shoulders their haversacks, blankets, and most of their canteens, to facilitate their eagerness to engage the enemy. On arriving at the point indicated, being the extreme left of the enemy, and the extreme right of our line, and in advance of all other of our troops, and where I was informed officially that two other regiments had declined to charge, we formed a line of battle, our right resting within a few feet of the woods and the left at and around Iticketts battery and npon the crest of the hill, within fifty or sixty feet of the enemys line of infantry, with whom we could have conversed in an ordinary tone of voice. Immediately npon IRicketts battery coining into position, and we in line of battle, Colonel lleintzelman rode np between our lines and that of the enemy, within pistol shot of each, which circumstance staggered my judgment whether those in front were friends or enemies, it being equally mani- fest that the enemy were in the same dilemma as to our identity. But a few seconds, however, undeceived both, they displaying the rebel and we the Union flag. Instantly a blaze of fire was poured into the faces of the combatants, each producing terrible destruction owing to the close proximity of the forces, which was followed by volley after volley, in regular and irregular ordei- as to time, until Ilicketts battery was disabled and cut to pieces and a large portion of its officers and men had fallen, and until Companies II, I, K, C, 0-, and those imme- diately surrounding my regimental flag were so desperately cat to pieces as to make it more of a slaughter than an equal combat, the enemy manifestly numbering five guns to our one, besides being intrenched in the woods and behind ditches and pits, plainly percepti- ble, and with batteries on the enemys right enfilading my left flank and within 350 yards direct range. After an effort to obtain aid from the Fire Zonaves, then immediately upon our left, two or three different orders came to retire, as it was manifest that the contest was too deadly and unequal to be longer justifiably maintained. Whereupon I gave the command to retire, seeing that the whole of our forces were seemingly in retreat. Every inc~i of ground, however, was strongly contested by skirmishers through the woods, by the fences, and over the undulating ground until we had retired some 400 yards in reasommably good order, to a point where the men could procure water, and then took up a regular and orderly retreat to such point as some general officer might indicate thereafter. I feel it due to my regiment to say that before leaving the extreme right of our line the enemy attempted to make a charge with a body of perhaps 500 cavalry, who were met by my command and a part of the Fire Zonaves and repulsed with considerable loss to the enemy but without any to us. I am more than gratified to say that I kept the large body of my regiment together and marched from the field in order amid on the march, and near an open space where Colonel lleintzelman Page 22 22 MI)., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. rCHAP. LXIJL column left the Centerville and Manassas road in the morning and passed to the right we, in conjunction with others, repulsed the enemy~s cavalry, who attempted to charge. Before leaving the field a portion of the right wing, owing to the configuration of the ground and the intervening woods, became detached, under the command of Lieutenant. Colonel Miller, whose gallantry was conspicuous throughout the entire battle and who contested every inch of the ground with his forces thrown out as.skirmishers in the woods and succeeded in occupying the original ground on the right after the repulse of a body of cavalry. I deem it worthy of remark that during a part of the engagement my regiment and that of the enemy at some points became so intermingled as scarcely to be able to distinguish friends from foes and my forces made several prisoners, among whom was Lieutenant-Colonel Boone, of Mississippi, who is now in Washington and fully recognizes his captors. I rcgard it as an event of rare occurrence in the annals of history that a regiment of volunteers not over three months in the service marched up without flinching to the mouth of batteries of cannon supported by thousands of infantry and opened and maintained a fire until one- fifth of the whole regiment was killed, wounded, or made prisoners before retiring, except for pnrposes of advantage of position. My heart is full of gratitude to my officers and men for their gallant bearing throughout the whole of this (lesperate engagement, an(l to distinguish the merits of one from another would be invidious and injustice might be done. Major Dike and my adjutant bore themselves with coolness throughout. My chaplain, Rev. B. D. Neill, was on the field the whole time and in the midst of danger, giving aid and comfort to the wounded. Doctor Stewart, while on the field, was ordered to the hospital by a me(lical officer of the army. 1)octor Le Boutillier continued with the regiment and actually engaged in the fight, neither of whom have been heard from since. That I have not unfairly or unjustly to the truth of history stated the facts in regard to the gallant conduct of my regiment is fully proved by the appended list of killed and wounded, showing 49 killed, 1 n7 wounded, and 34 missing. The names and companies to which they belong, in detail, will in ore fully appear in the accompanying list and abstracts.* Among the incidents of the engagement my coin- mand took several prisoners, among whom was Lieutenant-Colonel Boone, of the Mississippi regiment, taken personally by Mr. Irvine, of my regiment, and since said prisoners confinement in the Capitol at Washington City Mr. Irvine, in company with Hon. Morton S. Wilkin- son, U. S. Senator from Minnesota, visite(l him, when lie promptly recog- nized Mr. Irvine as his captor an(l thanked him very cordially for his humane treatment and kindness to him as a prisoner. I deem it but just that this fact should be officially known, as Lieutenant-Colonel Boone was an officer of the highest rank taken in the battle. The humble part which I have performed as an officer commanding one of the regiments of your brigade, individually and otherwise, is now left to you and those commanding the division. Respectfully, W. A. GOItMAN, Colonel First Regiment of Minnesota. Colonel FRANKLIN, Comdg. First Brigade Colonel Ilicinizelmans Div. ______________________________ Northeast~rn Virginia. * Omitted Page 23 CHAP. LXIII.] THE BULL RUN CAMPAIGN. 23 Supplement to the official report of Colonel Gorman, of the First Regi- ment of Minnesota. CAMP MINNESOTA, July 26, 1861. The regimental flag borne by my color-bearer has through its folds one cannon ball, two grape-shot, and sixteen bullets, and one in the staff. The color guard were all wounded but the color-bearer, one mor- tally. The company flag of Company I was pierced with five balls and one on the spear head. Please attach this to my report. Very respectfully, ~. ~. GORMAN, Colonel First Regiment of Minnesota. [2.] Report of Col. Henry P. Martin, Seventy first New York Militia, of the battle of Bull Run. HEADQUARTERS AMERICAN GUARD, 71ST REGT. LIGHT JNFTY., NEW YORK STATE TROOPS, New York, August 1, 1861. In accordance with orders, I herewith submit a report of the action of the Seventy-first Regiment New York State Militia in the engage- ment at Bull Run on the 21st of July: We were ordered to commence the march with the First and Second Rhode Island and the Second New Hampshire Regiments leading, and the Seventy-first Regiment bringing up the rear of the brigade, toward the battle-field a little after 2 a. in., and having marched steadily almost without a halt for eight hours we arrived upon the position assigned for our division. On our arrival the two Rhode Island and the New Hampshire regiments were drawn up in line, and the Seventy- first was ordered to pass in front of these regiments to a position in advance and to the right of the brigade, and also in front of two pieces of artillery, which I suppose belonged to Griffins battery. No sooner had we formed line than the right piece came dashing forward at full speed through onr right wing, without any previous intimation being given. The men broke away and allowed the piece to pass, and imme- diately after its passage dropped back into their positions in line. Shortly after this the left piece executed the same maneuver, and with the same results. After remaining in this position about a quarter of an hour, exposed to the cannonading of the enemy, which they were directing toward us, we were ordered with our brigade to an adjoining field to engage a portion of the enemy that had debouched from their works, and fully equal in number to our own brigade, and after a severe contest, in which many valuable lives were lost and many of our best officers wounded, among whom were Captain Ellis, Company F- Captain Hart, Company A, and Lieutenant Embler, Company H, we succeeded in repulsing them and compelling them to retreat. In this conflict ~e were greatly assisted by two of Captain Dahlgrens 12-pounder howitzers, in charge of Captain Ellis, Company I, of this regiment. After the retreat, General McDowell, with his staff, rode around the field in rear of our brigade, waving his glove in token of victory, and we all considered the day was ours. We were then ordered to retire to the edge of the wood, still in view of the enemys works and in reach of their cannon, and there to rest, as we had done all the duty that would be required of us, and would not be called into actio Page 24 24 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. again. After about an hours rest we were told the enemy was getting the best of us, arid were ordered to retire to the held we had at first occupied and take the most advanced position on that field. Here we stood in line of battle waiting tlr~ approach of the enormous columii of re-enforcements of the enemy from iRichmond arid Manassas. The head of this column was directed in front of the center of our regi- ment, and when it was within 500 yards of us we received the order to retire, which we did in line of battle in common time, not one man running. The brigade remained together on the retreat and arrived at our old bivouac, about one mile and a half from Centerville, all in good order. Here we again received orders to continue the retreat to Washington, and marched over the Long Bridge as a brigade. Here- unto appemided is a return of our Iosses.* In closing my report I can- not but say that all praise is due to you, sir, for yonr coolness and daring during the engagement, and to your brave iRhode Island regi- inents, to whom we feel indebted for many acts of kindness, and to Governor Sprague, of your State, for his great courage and gallant conduct on the field. Your obedient servant, HENRY P. MARTIN, Colonel Seventy-first Regiment New 1%rk State Militia. Col. A. E. BURN5IDE, Acting Brigadier- General, Second Brigade, U~ S. Army. [2.J Report of Gol. Philip St. George Cocke, C. S. Army, commanding bri- gade, of the battle of Bull Run. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH BRIGJ~DE, Camp near Suspension Bridge, [August 1, 18G1.J GENERAL: The battle of 2lstofJulyhavingbeen fought wholly within the position which had been assigned to and occupied by and which on the day of the battle was held by my brigade and the troops tempora- rily attached thereto, it becomes important that 1 should succinctly describe that position, the disposition made of the troops under my com- mand for defending and holding that positioii, and the subsequent part which my command took in the great battle in which so large a part of your army participated, coming up as it did during the day from other positions. The position of this command, that of Stone Bridge (Avon) and ~ farm (Portici), was the extreme left position of the Army of the Potomac along the line of Bull Run. The positioii of the army on Bull Run was the result of strategic movements which commenced with the recall of our more advanced forces, and which finally ended in the great battle of the 21st of July. By your general order of the 8th of July it was directed that if attacked by a superior force of the enemy the three brigades of the Army of the Potomac serving iii Fairfax will retire in the following manner and order: The whole of the Fifth Bri- gade on the Bull Run Stone Bridge, amid the adjacent fords, making a stand if practicable at the Suspension Bridge across Cub Run. Accordingly I issued brigade orders on the 12th instant, and on the 17th I recalled, united, and withdrew my entire comm and to the posi- tion assigned to it in perfect order and without any loss or accident whatsoever, the enemy moving the same day to occupy Fairfax Court- House in great strength. Nominal list (omitted) shows a total of sixty-two killed, wounded, prisoners, and missin~. See table, p. 15 Page 25 CHAP. Lxiii.] THE BULL RUN CAMPAIGN. 25 Ioro graphical des8ription of the position of my command and oJ the battle-field. Beginniug near our left at Stone Bridge, over which passes the turn- pike road from Alexandria to Warrenton, a flat of some 400 or 500 yards wide extends west of the bridge on either side of the turnpike back to the hills, which rise with sonic abruptness from the flat to the height of thirty to sixty feet. A dense forest of oaks at one time masked the bridge from view looking from these hills, but the trees had been felled to open the view for firing upon the enemy as he should approach the bridge, and the felled timber served to obstruct his passage over the flat except by the defile of the bridge and road, which last had been only partially obstructed near the foot of the hill. Westward of the crest overlooking the bridge, and in the direction of our left, rear, and rioht about the Stone Bridge, the country is broken into hill and valley and this uneven surface covered by bodies of original forest, copses of pine, interspersed with hedges and fences, oft~ring a field of uneven and diversified surface, all of which was availed of to the utmost by the skill and bravery of onr officers and men who met and fought the enemy on that field. From a short distance below the Stone Bridge toward the right of my position, and throughout the entire extent of Lewis farm (Portici), the hills of 13n11 Run recede from the stream, of which the banks are generally low, and a long, open l)lain slopes from the run np to Lewis honse, and to the right and left thronghout my entire position in that direction. At Lewis Ford a road crosses Bull Run leading from the turnpike about half a mile in advance of Stone Bridge, diagoually toward and immediately in front of Lewis house, throngh a dense thicket of old-field pines extending nearly to the ford, and from that ford to the house half a mile distant over a gentle, open, or unwooded slope from the creek, rising almost uniformly to the house, which stands upon an eminence commanding a view of the surrounding country, the open inclined plane of the farm itself, the course of Bull Run, of the fords crossing the same, of the position of Stone Bridge, as also many of the enemys approaches through the woods on the opposite side of the creek. On our extreme right of Lewis farm, three-quarters of a mile below Lewis Ford, is Balls F9rd, where the old public road pass- ing from Alexandria to Warrenton crosses Bull Run, a trace of which road is still distinct and the road quite passable, although disused for public purposes since the construction of the turnpike passing over the Stone Bridge. To onr right of this old road on the western side of Bull Run a heavy forest of oak extends from the creek backward nearly to the crest of the hill southward of Lewis house. The bank of the creek along Lewis farm is generally low and easy to be passed, and bordering as it does the extensiye open inclined plane above described, rendered this l)art of the l)osition one without military strength and everywhere open to the attack of an enterprising enemy except at or near Lewis Ford, where for a few hundred yards on either side a pre- cipitous bank of some twenty feet rises from the water of the creek and commands the flat or level on the opposite side of the creek. At Balls Ford the creek bank on our side is flat and wholly untenable for about 500 yards above in the direction of Lewis Ford, whilst a wooded emi- nemmee rising to an elevation of from sixty to seventy feet on the east- ermi or enemys side of the creek and stretching from opposite that ford the whole length of Lewis farm in the direction of Stone Bridge, thus giving the euerny, if in possession of those heights with his artillery, time absolute command of the entire plain of Lewis farm in every direc- tion as far back as the crest of the hill upon which the house is situated Page 26 26 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W~, & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. and rendering untenable by our troops under such circumstances of any position upon that plain in front of the enemys batteries so corn- mandingly established. On the eastern or enemys side of Bull IRan a narrow belt of low ground of irregular width, ranging from 50 to 100, and in some places Thu to 200 yards, stretched along the banks of the creek throughout the extent of the Portici (Lewis) farm, from Balls Ford on our right to Stone Bridge on our left, and from the edge of the meadow at the foot of the hill a dense skirting of second-growth or old- field pine covers the slope of the hill toward its summit, succeeded by a large growth of oak or original forest, clothing a part of the slope and the entire top of the ridge, and continuing on that side of the creek from opposite Balls Ford to the turnpike road on our left. Perceiving the impracticability of holding Balls Ford by troops placed on its flat and uncovered bank in front of a forest and eminence such as those just described, if once allowed to fall into the hands of the enemy, it became necessary to place the troops intended for the defense of that pass upon the eminence and in the forest on the eastern side of Bull Run and on either si(le of the old road crossing at that ford. Accordingly Withers regiment, Eighteenth Virginia, was ordered to occupy the wood to our left of the road, and Prestons regiment, Twenty-eighth Virginia, the forest on our right of the road, and to oppose the enemy in whatever force be might advance by guerrilla fight from every position, from every corner, from every tree, arid if still overpowered by numbers and force~d to yield ground, to continue the fight through the forest flanking our right of Lewis farm towar(i the crest of the hill south of Lewis house, or until they could be sup- l)orted by other troops coining to their relief. I-~restons regiment (Twenty-eighth) also covered the approaches to the Island Ford, and one other ford below the Island Ford on my extreme right, and this was practicable in consequence of a bend of the creek to the rear of the right of that regiment (see map). 28~Regt ~4~Ref = JJalls Thrd L~larzd Ford. Position of the troops of the eonrnand. In placing the troops, dispersed, as they necessarily were, and at positions most of them so disadvantageous for defense and but par. tially aided by intrenchinents, it was deemed hmi~hly expedient to conceal as much as possible from the enemy a knowledge both of our numabers and strength, and even of the l)ositions of the troops and bat- teries, until they were actually brought into action; and to effhct these highly imni)ortant objects it was decided that the troops should give up their tents, send back their wagon trains and baggage a few miles in rear toward iVianassas, and bivouac in their positions. To the exposure and hardships of the bivouac the immen and officers yielded without a mnnrmur and they remaine(l uncovered from the time of taking position on the 17th of July until after the battle, which took place on Sunday, July 21. Having indicated the position of the Eighteenth and Twenty- eighth Regiments, covering the approaches to Balls Ford on my right, the Nineteenth Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Strange was placed on the high bank on either side of Lewis Ford to oppose the passage of the enemy at that point. This reginment intrenched itself throughou Page 27 GNAt Wild THE BULL BUN CAMPAIGN. 27 Its entire front, which intrenebment, by direction of Captain Harris, of the Engineers, wasrendered quite effectivo. Between the two loft corn aides of Lieutenant-Colonel Stranges regiment one piece of Lathss Battery placed in position by Captain Harris, of the Engineers, corn- to the ford through the meadow and pines in front of the ford. Next beyond the flank of the Nineteenth Regi- ment, along the high bank of Bull Run, was placed in position selected by Captain Harris, concealed from the enemj by a copse or under- growth, one other gun of Lathss battery. To the left of this second gun of Lathams battery was placed Ca tam Schaefers command, two companies on this side of the creek awl part of one compaty on the opposite side of Bull Rn, availing themselves of the natural formation of the bank as a breast-work from behind which to fire upon the enemy. To the left of a gorge penetrating Captain Schaefers position,a section of Rogers battery was stationed on an eminence to command the approaches to this gorge and the gorge formed by Youngs Branch running in. from our side. These guns were also placed in position by Captain Harris, of the Engineers, the bluff bank of the creek terminat- ing at Youngs Branch near the position or gorge Just above Rogers guns, and giving place to low banks above that point, with a growth of large trees along thebank. Just hero a portion of Co William Smiths three companies was posted, commanded by him in person, to dispute the passage of the enemy at the gorge on Youngs Branch which inter- sected our line as above described. The other part of Colonel Smiths three companies was held in reserve (in a sheltered position), to be used as occasion might require, and ordered to charge the enemy if he suc- ceeded in crossing Bull Run. This pass of Youngs Branch being deemed one of the most inviting for the enemy, it was thought neces- sarr to hold in still further reserve to dispute his passage the entire regiment of CoL Eppa Hunton, which was therefore placed near by in a covered position, with orders to sup rt Colonel Smiths battalion in case of need. One section of Rogers a , commanded by himsel4 and three troops of cavalry were held in reserve and placed under cover in the hollow or depression beyond the crest and to the north of Lewis? house. From Youngs Branch toward Stone Bridge and beyond the position was covered by the troops attached to my brigade, under the immediate command of MaQor Evans. Two pieces of Lathss battery, under Lieutenant Davidson, commanded from the hill the a roach to Stone Bridge and the road through the felled timber described in the first part of this report. To the left of the Stone Bridge were the troops under the command of Major Evans, whilst his sharpshooters skirted the two edges of the forest bordering upon the felled timber on our side ofthe bridge. The cavalry of. Evans? com- mand were engagedsome in scouting in the direction of Sudleys Mill to give notice of the enemys approaches in that direction and others held in reserve. Sudleys Mill is on the branch of Bull Run called Catharpin, near its mouth, three miles northwest of Stone Bridge. At Sudleys Mill a branch road crosses from the direction of Leesburg, passing directly toward Manassas, intersecting the turnpike at right angles at a stone house one mile and a quarter west, or in our rear of the Stone Bridge. it was this road of which the enemy availed himself to turn our left andto get on ourfiank and rear at Stone Bridge in his boasted march for Manassas. His plans were well arranged and skillfully conducted, for whilst he threatened our entire front from Stone Bridge to below Lewis? Ford by a force estimated at from 12,000 to 15,000 men, and kep Page 28 28 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. IXIIL a large portion of my brigade engaged by this force in their front of treble their number, backed by batteries of artillery at several points opposite our front, and by skirmishers advanced in front of our lines. he mneanwhule marched his main column of 25,000 or 30,000 men by Sudleys Mill to take the whole position in flank and rear. I shall endeavor briefly to show in what manner he was met by my command both in our first position and subsequent movements. ~The battle. The enemy having taken up his position in our front early in the morning, fired his ~rst gun about SilO a. m. This seemed to be a signal gun, as it was answered from Mitchells Ford, four miles below, and where also on that day he made an attack, and this gun might also have been a signal to the column marching by Sudleys Mill on our left. The batteries iii our front along Bull IRuit continued firing on Stone Bridge, on Lewis house, and on our position at Lewis Ford until a late hour in the day. The battery in front of Lewis Ford was responded to with marked effect by Captain Lathatns first section, aided by the section of Rogers battery, commanded by Lieutenant Heaton, skirmish- ers occasionally making their appearance, emerging from the dense growth of pines covering the main body of the enemy. Whilst this was going on in our front the enemy, having arrived to threaten Major Evans left flank, with overwhelming numbers of his main column marched by Sudleys Mill. The major promptly and heroically turned to meet him with his entire force, having necessarily to abandon the former front of his l)Osition at Stone Bridge. Never perhaps in tIme history of modern warfare was there so unequal a contest as ~0W ensued. With his small but heroic numbers Major Evans advanced to fight the head of a column of 25,000 men, amongst which were some of the best regimnents of the Federal army, strengthened by numerous batteries of well-appointed artillery of tIme most modern improved kind. For more than an hour this contest was maintained without assistance, the other troops of my command) being held to their positions by the strong demonstrations in their front, which positiomis, if they had been abandoned at this stage of time battle, would have opened the way to an advance of the enemy also on this side, and thus inevitably have caused us the loss of the (lay. As soon, however, as I perceived the first movement of Major Evans I dispatched the reserved section of Rogers battery at fnll speed to cover the approaches to the Stone Bridge. This section got into positioii in good time to fire into a columim of the enemy attempting to pass the Stone Bridge and drove it back. In the meanwhile General Bee and Colonel Bartow, time first to come up to our support, the general reporting to mae on Lewis bill, were informed by me of the progress of the battle on Major Evans left, and those gallant conmman ders, without h alti rig their comnm am ds, marched directly to the scene of actiomi and soon commenced their glorious part in the battle. Colonel Hampton with his legion came next. To him, too, I indicated the progress of events, aimd lie promptly marched with his command to the battle. General Jackson tolloxved mmext with his brigade, and from time to timne other brigades 1)ushed omm as they arrived to the dea~dly conflict. About this time, the contest having becomue very chose and warm and the enemy appearing to gaimi ground forward amid also on our flank, amid a stream of wounded men pouring through the gorge of Youngs Branch near the command of Col. William Smith (as subsequently reported by Captain Harris, of the Engineers, the Page 29 CHAP. LXIII.] 29 THE BULL RUN CAMPAIGN. and there present), upon suggestion of Captain Harris, the section of Rogers battery under command of Lieutenant ileaton, stationed at that point, and Colonel Smiths Command, were ordered to change front in order to meet an advance of the enemy, which it was thought might be made in that direction. General Beauregard, perceiving this move- ment, sent an order to these troops to advance, which they promptly did, Captain Harris proceeding with thein~ and sabsequently placing the section of Rogers battery in effective position near Captain Imbo- dens battery, from whence the section fired with effect upon the enemy until the ammunition was exhausted. Colonel Smith from this position soon took part in the battle, having many of his officers and men killed or wounded and his own horse wounded. (For further particulars see his report.*) The removal of these troops from their position on Youngs Branch uncovered a portion of my front line, and thus left that line exposed, to be penetrated by the enemy; but I am satisfied that the movement of our troops was unperceived by him, as the position was covered by a thicket of willows and other trees skirting the edge of Bull Run at this point. Closely observing from my own central arid elevated posi- tion on the hill north of Lewis house (a position, nevertheless, over which a cross fire of most of the enemy~s batteries continued to throw shot and shell for hours, in the midst of which I necessarily stood observing)1 say from this position the various movements of our own troops I anxiously watched for the moment when I might withdraw the greater portion of the brigade not then actually engaged from the front line, without inviting disaster iii that quarter, in order to throw it forward to the support of our men so hotly pressed on our left. Gen- eral J. E. Johnston appearing vicar my position about this time, I called his attention to the state of my command on the front and right of Lewis farm, and referred for his decision the expediemicy of risking the abandonment of that front, and of immediately ordering forward the whole of the balamice of my commimand to take part in the battle now raging and becoming critical as to its issue on our left. It was decided to make the movement, and I immediately dispatched my aides to order up at double-quick the regiments of Withers, Preston, amid Strange, and the battery of Latham, and proceeding myself to meet those regiments, I advanced with them rapidly to the most active scene of the conflict. Huntons regiment, beimig in advanced posmtion, was first in the battle, but as I led on the other regiments to other positions it was separated from me, amid for the part which it took in the battle I must refer to Colonel Huntons report, hereafter to be made. Colonel Hunton since the battle having been ordered to Lees- burg with his regiment, I have neither seen him nor beemi able to obtain any report.t Withers Eighteenth Regiment Virginia Volunteers was the next in order taking part in the battle. Colonel Withers report is full, and clearly shows the gallant and distinguished part which it enacted in achieving the great victory of the day4 Lathams battery followed Withers regiment. This battery being now full, the four pieces having come together and replenished their ammunitio~i chest, was, under the guidance of Captain Harris, of the Engineers, advanced to a position to the left of the road leading from Lewis house toward Stone Bridge, from which position it fired with effect upon the head of a columim advancing from toward the turnpike, and together with the fire of another battery succeeded in driving back the column. (For further particulars Yol. II, p. 551. t But see VoL 11, p. 515. t See Vol. II, p. 516 Page 30 30 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXII1. see Captain Lathams report.*) Whilst Lathams battery was taking position I was advancing with Prestons regiment toward our then left flank, which the enemy was pressing and threatening to turn. About 500 yards beyond the left of Lathams battery, as placed in position and near the fence extending toward onr left in a thicket of pines, and whilst I was immediately upon the dank of the regiment, it was fired upon by the enemy advancing in the thick forest. The fire was returned, and the enemy giving way, this regiment advanced still farther toward the left. Whilst thus advancing Colonel Preston caine upon and cap- tnred with his own hands Colonel Wilicox, of the Federal army, whilst a captain and other prisoners were taken at the same l)lace. The report of Colonel Preston, t.o which [beg leave to refer, will show the further important part he took in the battle.t in the meantime, continuing to advance with Stranges regiment, Nineteenth Virginia Yolnnteers, and guided by the tiring, I endeavored to tnrn the extreme right of the enemy. Coming athwart an intense fire, and not being able to see friend or foe through the pines, the regiment was caused to lie dowii whilst Colonel Strange and myself songht a view of the enemy. Entering the Sudley road on the left, I ordered the regiment to be marched by flank in that dii.ection, and proceeded diagonally forward and left through the wood skirting our left of the road following a firing heard in that direction. Emerging from the wood into the open field, the regiment was led by a path toward Chinns house, near to which a battery was firing upon the enemy. By the time it got up the enemy was retreating, and on the hill beyond Chiuns house (overlooking the turnpike), filling in with some of the regiments of Colonel Early, the Nineteenth Regiment con- tinued the pursuit of the enemy. Crossing the meadow toward the turnpike and proceeding by Dogans house, followed the track of the retreating column toward Bull Run below Sudlevs Mill and crossed the run below ai~d in sight of the mill. The enemy now being out of sight amid pursued by the cavalry in advance of us, and night coining on I determined to recross Bull Run at Sudleys Mill, and ordered the regi- ment to march back to Lewis farm. Finding numbers of prisoimers and wounded at the church near the mill, om me company was left in charge of the prisoners and wounded, the balance of the regiment con- tinuing its march to Lewis farm. It would thus appear, general, that in consequence of the disposition made of the troops, the firm and gal- lamit manner in wimich they acted along my whole froimt line of three miles in extent (which front, although threatened throughout the day, was nevertheless held in the face of greatly superior nu assaults repelled, and the enemy efh~ctually mbers, several prevented from passing that line at any point, which if he had done would have been disas- trous to our cause), this comnmnamad forced the enemy to rely for victory solely upon his great column whiclk turned the left of our entire posi- tion by the way of Sudleys Mill; that the skillful and heroic struggle of Evans on my left, after he had been turned and taken in flank by overwhelming numbers, with his Spartan band led by himself, and by that true and tried soldier Major Wheat, and the brave Colonel Sloan, and backed by men who showed themselves not only insensible to fear, but actually inspired with superhuman daring and power, carried death and dismay into the ranks of the enemy, the fight thus continuing for more than an hour unsupported, amid until the re-enforcements of Gen- erals Bee and Bartow and others came to the relief; and finally, when * See Vol. II, p. 553. t See Vol. II, p. 549 Page 31 CHAP. LXIII.] 31 THE BULL RUN CAMPAIGN. tlie critical moment had arrived aLL(l the jiumiucut result seemed trem- bling in the balance, it was promptly determined to abandon my entire front line along Bull liun and to throw forward the troops which had so gallantly defended it, to add their entire numbers and their valorous deeds to those of other corps struggling in the hottest fight, all of which contributed to turning the scale of victory in our favor, and in not only defeating the enemy, but in ultimately routing, disorganizing, and ~.Iemoralizing him to a degree unprecedented in the history of modern warfare. Of the greater part of these events and scenes you yourself, general, were an eyewitness. M any of the troops of my command fought by your side and in several instances received orders directly fromim yOu whilst acting as they necessarily did in detached bodies aimd in varions parts of the wide field of conflict. Highly a~)preciating, general, the marked confidence reposed in me ever since I joined your army, as manifested by the extensive command and the responsmble strategme positions assigned to mue, I feel conscious of having acted with a mind and purpose single and a devotion absolute and unreserved in the righteous and patriotic cause in which we are all engaged; and in this spirit I trust my command have so far shown that they, too, have acted. Where so many have acted well their parts it would appear almuost invidious to mention the names of any. Nevertheless, I deem it proper to state that the conduct of Majors Evans and Wheat is above all praise. That Capt. David B. Harris, of the Corps of Engineers, has rendered the most valuable services during the whole time he has served with my command. His science and skill, his cool and calm presence of mind imi the midst of danger, his untiring efforts under the most trying cir- cumstances, all prove him to be an officer worthy of filling a higher rank in that highest corps of the army to which he belongs. Colonel Withers has the honor of having captured with his regiment (the Eighteenth Virginia Volunteers) a battery of eight guns, and of holding the same, a battery which had been twice previously during the day captured amid recovered by the ejiemy. Col. Robert T. Preston and his T~venty-eighth Regiment of Virginia Volunteers rendered dis- tinguished services. Col. William Smith with his command was in the hottest of the fight and had several officers and men wommnded and killed and his own horse wounded. The Nineteenth Regiment, Lieutenant- Colonel Strange, having been longest held to its intrenched position at Lewis Ford, which it bravely defended in presemice of the enemys bat- teries and infantry in great strength, was thus brought last into the more active field of battle. But it came up in time to l)roduce by its presence an effect upon the then wavering enemy and to take part in the pursuit of his retreating columns which soon ensued. Captains Latham and Rogers, of the artillery, and Lieutenants Davidson and Heaton acted with distinguished bravery and skill. Surgeon Chaimeellor and Assist- ant Surgeons Braxton amid Po~vell, of the Nineteenth Regiment, rendered very prompt and valuable relief to the wounded men, both to our owim men and those of the enemy. To Lient. John B. Cocke, acting assistant adjutant-general of the Fifth Brigade, and to T. J. Ramudolph, both act- ing as my aides-dc camp during the battle, and who were both with me or bearing orders, often through the hottest fire, I owe my acknowl- edgments for the prompt and efficient manner in which they both dis- charged their duties. I would take this occasion to express my thanks to the whole command, to the brave and patriotic men and officers composing it, for the soldier-like manner in which they have submitte Page 32 32 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W~ & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. to necessary discipline, undergone hardships, and otherwise co-operated in fulfilling the responsibility of the command. And finally, trusting that this command has fulfilled its duties and that impartial history will do justice to the important part taken by it in achieving the late glorious victory, I remain, general, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, PHILIP ST. GEG. COCKE, Colonel, Commanding E~fth Brigade, Army of Potomac. General BEAIJREc~ARD, Commanding Army of the Potomac. NOTE.The Fifth Brigade proper consisted of the Nineteenth, Eighteenth, and Twenty-eighth Regiments of Virginia Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Strange, Colonels Withers and H. T. Preston coin- inanding; Lathams battery of artillery, four brass 6-pounder guns, and Captains Terrys and Langhornes troops of cavalry. Whilst at Center- ville, prior to the battle of the 21st of July, Major Wheats Louisiana First Special Battalion was added to my command and statioiied at or near Frying Pan Church, and Captain Alexanders troop of cavalry also added to Terrys at the same place. Subsequently Major Evans was ordered from Leesburg with Sloans Fourth Regiment of South Caro- lina Volunteers to Frying Pan Church, with orders to report to me and act as a part of my command stationed at that place. With this force I marched under general orders on the 17th of July to take position at or near the Stone Bridge. Between the 17th and 19th Col. Eppa Hunton with his command arrived at Lewis farm (Portici), with orders to report for duty with my command, bringing with him his regiment of Virginia volunteers, Captain Rogers battery of 4-pounder brass can- non, and three troops of cavalry. To this command was also added three companies under Captain Schaefh~r, which had previously been stationed at the Stone Bridge, and three companies of Fauquier vol- unteers, part of Col. William Smiths Forty-ninth Regiment Virginia Volunteers. PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE, Colonel, Commanding Jfmfth Brigade. [2.j Report of Lient. Cot. Joseph P. Jones, Fifth North Carolina Infrntry, of the battle of Bull Run. BLACKBURNS Fonn, Bull Bun, July ~22, 18G1. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit tIme following report: In obedience to orders yesterday morning to cross the creek and take position on the right of the ravine in front of the enemy preparatomy to making a charge upon a battery, then beimig used against your coin- mand, I (hispatched two companies in advance as skirmishers, and l)ro- ceeded at once to occupy the hill within a few hundred yards of the battery. Upon reaching that point I found the two companies sent out as skirmishers. We were fired upon with grape and canister, killing one man and wounding three. The whole battalion stood flim until an order was received to retire to the ravine amid remain until further orders, which was done in good order. Supposing, then, my men to be safe, and being told by your staff officer that you were but a very short distance from me, I committed the indiscretion of going to where you were to iisk some special instructions. While absent four companies of my battalion, without any proper cause, retreated about 100 yards. Page 33 CHAP. LXIII.] THE BULL RUN CAMPAIGN. 33 succeeded in rallying all of them except two officers (Captain. 0-oddin and First Lieutenant Taylor). Captains Sinclair, Company A; Gar- rett, Company F; Reeves, Company E, and First Lieutenant Doughtie, Company II, did not fetreat, but behaved well throughout the whole days duty. Captain Brookflelds company (D) started to retreat, but were immediately rallied by him. The disgraceful conduct of those who retreated I cannot account for. There was no cause for it. I attribute the blame to the officers concerned in it, and not the men. I received an order to send out four companies as skirmishers, amid withthe others to hold myself in readiness to charge the enemys battery, with an order to annonuce to you when ready, and await further orders. IL replied that I was ready, but received afterward an order to recross the creek to my pdsition in the morning. I returned to that position and my men were fired upon by the enemys scouting parties. Their fire was returned, resulting in the killing of four or five of their men. The names of the killed and wounded of my battalion in the morning were: Private James Manning, Company C, killed Private Wiley Garner, Company C, wounded slightly; Private Richardson, Compai~y C, wounded slightly; Corporai Wiggins, Company G, wounded slight4y. It may be proper for me to add that I had but little assistance in con- trolling the movement of my battalion, which has had no drilling, I being the only field officer present for duty, and the adjutant. beiiug absent. I beg leave to call your attention to the services of Rev. James Sinclair, the chaplain of the regimemut, who acted as a field officer and rendered me all the assistance in his power. I have the hon9r to be, general, your obedient servant, J. P. JONES, Licut. Cot. Fifth I fly. North Carolina AState Troops, Commanding Regiment for July 21, 1861. Brigadier-General LONGSTREET, Commanding Fourth Brigade. [2.1 Report of Cot. Montgomery D. Gorse, Seventeenth Virginia Infantry, of action at Blackburns Ford, July18. BULL RUN, July 19, 1861. GENERAL: I beg leave respectfully to report the operations of the Seventeenth Regiment of Virginia Volunteers on the 18th of July: in pursuance of your orders the rifle companies (B and 11), com- manded by Captains Simpson and Herbert, were deployed as skir- mishers along the right bank of Bull Run above Blackburns Ford, whilst Companies A and G, commanded by Captains Marye and Towson, were posted at the ford. Companies E and K, nuder Cap- tains Devaughu and Shackelford, were detached and l)osted low down the Irun on the right of the First Regiment of Virginia Volunteers. About 1 p. m. the enemy appeared in considerable force on the opposite bamuk and opened a severe amid continuous fire upon the First and Sev- enteenth Regiments. At this moment the remaining companies of the regmument were marched to the run, and responded lively and gallantly to the enemys fire. Company A, Captain Marye, was then ordered to cross the run and deploy as skirmishers on the opposite bank. Coin- pany C, Captain Head, and Company F, Captain Hamilton, were sub- sequently ordered to cross also and sustain this movement. The three 3 H HVOL LI, PT Page 34 34 MD., IX N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W~, & W. VA. [CHAP. LXflI. companies promptly executed these orders, and after bravely driving the enemy through the woods back to their main body retired, bringing their own wounded and seven prisoners. Some fifteen or more of the enemy were killed; and many wounded. It affords me much gratifica- tion to remark upon the coolness and bravery manifested by both offi- cers and men under my command. Particularly I must speak of the gallant conduct of Lieutenant-Colonel Munford, Major Brent, Adjutant Humphreys, Captain Marye, and Captain Head, who were actively and fearlessly employed during the engagement at the points where the fire was hottest. I must also mention Surgeon Lewis and Assistant Sur- geon Snowden, who were untiring in their efforts to relieve the wounded, regardless of their personal safety. I regret to add that Captains Dulany and Presstman were severely wounded whilst at the head of their companies. Captain Shackelford, commanding Company K, and Lieutenant Javins, of Company E, were slightly wounded. Private Thomas iR. Sangster, Company A, was killed, and four privates severely and six slightly wounded. I herewith return a full list of casnalties.* Your obedient servant, M. I). CORSE, Colonel, Comdg. & venteenth Reqiment Virginia Volunteers. Brigadier-General LONGSTREET, Commanding Fourth Brigade, C. S. Army. [2.1 Reports of Col. William N~ Pendleton, C. S. Army, commanding artillery, of the battle of Bull Run. NEAR MANASSAS, July 23, 1261. GENERAL: As directed I report concerning the batteries under my commandthose of Captain Alburtis, Captain Stanard, and the Rock- bridge Artillerythat they arrived from Winchester at Manassas Junc- tion about 2 oclock on Saturday, 20th instant, and were assigned position for rest under shelter of some woods near the center of the line of defenses; that early on the morning of Sunday, 21st, Captain Stanards battery, having a rifled gun, was assigned for immediate service to General Jacksons brigade, and advanced under my guidance with a portion of the Washington Artillery from New Orleans, under Major Walton, and with one of the guns of the Rockbridge Artillery by General Jacksons special request, toward the scene of action theu beginning on our left. While thus advancing my own course was changed by an order from the adjutant-general directing me to take the batteries under my command from the forward and exposed situa- tion where they had rested to a better place farther back, aiid to await orders in i-eadiness to move on notice into action. I accordingly con- ducted by a route indicated the remaining guns of the Rockbridge Artillery and Captain Alburtis battery to a point between army head- quarters and the field, and there halting reported in person for orders. Again directed to await in readiness, I did so until yourself rapidly passing gave the word, and by your order we hastened to the scene and arrived in proper place about 12 m. In the midst of actionraging with great severityour position was skillfully adjusted by General Jackson. Being promptly arranged, these batteries all opened upon the enemy a well-directed and most effective fire. By this timely and telling attack, continued perhaps an hour or more, the batteries of the * Shows 1 man killed, 4 officers and 10 men wounded Page 35 CHAP. LXIII.] THE BULL RUN CAMPAIGN. 35 enemy were greatly crippled and their advance effectually checked. Under cover, however, of some brushwood, and because when seen they could not for a considerable time be distinguished from our own troops, a body of the enemys infantry succeeded in gaining a point near the batteries on the left. They were promptly met by a charge from the infantry that had, under General Jackson, for our protection, held place in our rear. From the m~l~e thus occasioned almost in our midst it became necessary at once to remove our guns to another point. They were accordingly limbered immediately and withdrawn to a second position to the right and rather farther back. But the work (lone was sufficient; the enemy, crippled by our cannon and driven by the fire aild bayonets of our brave infantry, gave up the day and began to retreat, and we could only hasten that retreat by a fire well aimed from the guns of longest range. I rejoice to testify to the admirable conduct of all the officers and men under my command and observa- tion. Without exception they behaved with exemplary coolness, skill, and persevering determination, and I am thankful indeed to be able to state that under the shield of a guardian Providence we were nearly all mercifully preserved. ~. N. PENDLETOK, Colonel, Artillery, & c. General JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON, Commanding. {2.i MANASsAS JUNCTION, July 23, 18G1. GENERAL: I have the honor to report to you the conduct and con- dition of the Ilockbridge Artillery in connection with the battle of the 21st instant, as attached to your noble brigade and under my immediate command: By command of the adjutant-general, this battery, with that of Cap- tain Alburtis, was detained near our resting position on the night of the 20th under my command, awaiting orders to move at any moment, Captain Stanards battery and that of Major Walton having been sent on to your support. While we thus waited the action began to rage far to time left, and after some time General Johiiston passed with his staff and directed me to advance with one of the batteries, leaving the other to follow with some infantry that were to come on. With this battery I accordingly hastened on, leaving that of Captain Alburtis to follow as directed. On the way I was met by a courier from General Beauregard urging up all the artillery. Increasing if possible our already rapid advance, in consequence of sending a messenger to bring on Captain Alburtis at once, I proceeded with the Rockbridge Artillery to the scene. Near the field we came up with the battery of Major Walton and part of Captain Stanards, awaiting orders. Here Oil inquiry of General Johnston I learned the general course we were to take, and being urged to press forward all that could advance, I car- ried on this battery, with the two gnus of Captain Stanard, word being left for Captain Alburtis to join us immediately. Pressing along the narrow and difficult road through the pine thicket we reached the point where you were standing as suitable for our position. Here time - l)ieees were all as speedily as possible brought into action and con- tinued their skillfully.directed and well-sustained fire for perhaps some three hours, doing immense damage to the enemy and contributing an important share to the glorious victory of the day. The batteries of the enemy having, under the powerful fire directed against them Page 36 36 MD., E. N. C., PA.., VA., EXCEPT S. W.,& W. VA. [CHAP. Lxiii become greatly crippled, au advance was attempted by them to carry our batteries. Under cover of the brushwood on our left, and because they could not be distinguished from our own men, so that our tire was for a time withheld from them, they succeeded in getting very near us on the left. At this momeut the infantry in the rear, acting as our support, rushed forward with charged bayonets and a close contest ensued almost in our midst of ball and bayonet. Froiu this in~l~e it became necessary for us promptly to withdraw. The pieces were therefore limbered and removed, a movement which was accomplished in perfect order, the last piece of the Rockbridge Artillery continuing to tire upOn the advancing enemy until all the rest had been limbered and were in motion. By the time we had reached the second position, to the right and farther back, the enemy, crippled by our cannon amd driven by our gallant infantry, were in full retreat, and the only addi- tional service left for us was to expedite that retreat by sending after our routed iiivaders a few balls froni the guns of longest range. The officers and men of this battery, like all the rest under my observation, behaved with exemplary courage, constancy, and skill. All performed their parts with tidelity and precision, and are entitled to a just Incas- ure of honor for their good conduct. Lieutenant Brockeubrough received a slight wound in the face, Corporal Jordan experienced a severe bruise on and temporarily disabling the foot, and Private Sin- gleton was shot by a musket-ball in the arm, the wound being painful and serious, but it is hoped not dangerous. A slight contusion on the hip by a spent ball from time left and a slight graze on the lower tip of the right ear were the only approaches to a wound experienced by myself. We had no piece injured amid no horse killed in the entire tight. One or two horses were slightly injured (among them my own) by a flesh shot in the leg, and one or two that had been allowed to infantry officers for use in the action were killed, but there are no other casualties. W. N. PENDLETON, Colonel, Provisional Army, Confederate States, and General T. ~-. JACKSON, Acting Captain Rockbridge Artillery. Commanding First Brigade. [2.] AUGUST 20, 1861.Skirmjsh at Hawks Nest, W. Va. Report of Lient. Col. St. George Croghan, First Cavalry, Wise Legion. PJCKETTS, August 20, 18619 a. in. Siu: J have just had a skirmish with the enemy; have taken two prisoners and killed one, as far as positively known. I have learned every particular in relation to the enemy, and know exactly the num- bers amid position. Will you permit inc to request that with all possi- ble speed you will send nine four or five compammies of infantry, armed with Harpers Ferry rifles and bayonet muskets. Cavalry are of no use to me, and infantry cannot reach me in time to take advantage of my information unless you will permit your cavalry to be dismounted and mount infantry upon their horses to reach inc at this place with speed. If you will do so I will, if I get them in time, march to their rear, and deliver over to you 700 prisoners on your arrival. Every hour is of the greatest moment. If not taken at their present encampment they will retire on your approach and fall back to c+auley, and thu Page 37 CHAP. LXIII. SKIRMISHES NEAR BATLEY~S CROSS-ROADS, VA. 37 re-enforce the command there. There are no troops but the seven companies mentione(I this side of Gauley, and there are no earth-works thrown up, as represented, this side of the river. On the other bank they are bnilding enbankments the whole length of the road. They have three regiments, the First and Second Ohio, and Twelfth Ohio IRegiinent, at Ganley. Each regiment has two field pieces, and one of each rifled. There is no artillery with the troops at Likens Mill, as represented; it was a mistake of Lientenant Gordon, of the cavalry, which led me to inform yo~i that a cannon was placed to rake the road. If you cannot send me re-enforcements in the manner I have suggested or by wagons, I can place my command in the enemys rear and wait f6r yon to come on, but I think the former plan the safest and surest. Dispatch to inc as soon as possible. Respectfully, ST. GEG. CROGHAX, Lieutenant- Colonel First Carairy. Brig. Gen. J. B. FLOYD. You may rely entirely npon the accuracy of this information. The enemy have twenty-five cavalry armed with carbines and sabers. [5.] AUGUST 2728, 1861.Skirmishes near Baileys Cross-Roads, Va. Report of Brig. Gen. James Longstreet, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIGADE, FiRsT C August ~8, 1861. COLONEL: I send herewith the report of Col. J. E. B. Stuart of the affair of yesterday, and send a list of killed and wounded.* The prisoners (eight) were forwarded under guard about two hours ago. The left of our position at Munsons and Uptons is not properly guarded, nor have I the means of watching it properly. My cavalry force after taking couriers for the headquarters, and supplying General Jones with his twenty men, gives me from fourteen to twenty; just enough for an escort for the field officer of the day. General Bonham writes me that he has three or four vedettes at Vienna. I think that he has no more out in any important direction. If he could establish a picket at Lewinsville it would make the watch from all points perfect and relieve my force at Falls Church of a great deal of anxiety. This would be entirely safe from anything like a surprise. Some command- ing point south of that, where the troops could retreat upon Falls Church, would answer the same purpose, if he has not force enough to keep up the lookout at Lewinsvihle. If it is established, the party in position should be particularly cautioned to give notice at Falls Church of any advance against us. I find some inconvenience in getting our snpplies of rations. We can only get four or five days rations at a time. This keeps me constantly on the watch and is exceedingly annoy- ing. My staff officers are all fresh, and I am obliged to look to every little item. I remain, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, J. LONGSTREET, Brigadier- General, (Jontmnanding. Col. T. JORDAN, Assistant Adjutant- General. [5.] _ ______________________________________ * See next, J908t Page 38 38 MD., E. N. C., PA, VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Report of Col. J. F. B. Stuart, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS, Munsons Hill, August 28, iSGi. GENERAL: I inclose a list of killed and wounded.* I have no time for a detailed report of the affair of yesterday, but I acquainted 11ev. D. Ball, chaplain to my regiment, as well as Major Skinner, with all the particulars, and requested them to inform you last night, which I hope will answer for the present. As soon as it was fair light this morn- ing I had a piece of rifled cannon, Washington Battery [Artillery], bronght clandestinely in position to bear on Baileys Cross-Roads a~d fired four shots, distance being by the shots 1,350 yards. The shots took effect admirably, dispersing the entire force at that point, and developed what it was my object to ascertaiuthat they had no artillery there. ~Munsons Hill is a flue place for a battery, and is more capable of defense than Masons Hill. The fire of artillery dispersed also a long line of skirmishers, who ran precipitately without being in the slightest danger from its shots. The First Regiment is at Falls Church, and I have directed its commander to hold himself in readiness to move up to my support, or act to the left, as circumstances indicate. Two companies of that regiment are ordered to occupy the ridge along Uptons. I sent back Beckhams section of-artillery, as the men were pretty well used up from fatigue and hunger, and I am now going to send back to Masons Hill Major Johnsons command (two companies), and relieve those companies of your command here, who have been out so long, and send them back to Falls Church. I believe this a fine line of defense; I mean the line passing through this and Masons Hill. Every inch of the road is visible from here to Baileys Cross-Roads. The force now here and at Falls Church I consider sufficient for the present, and the best school of practice possible for onr troops. I con- sider the enemys design not to meet us outside their trenches in force pretty well developed. Please send this to General Johnston for me. Most respectfully, your obedient servant, J. E. B. STUART, Colonel, Commanding. [J. LONGSTREET, Brigadier- General.] P. 5.The scattered fragments of the force at Baileys Cross-Roads reassembled, and I have the piece in position to stir them up again whenever they group in sufficient force to warrant the expenditure of our ammunition. J. E. B. S. [Indorsernent.] The list of prisoiiers forwarded about two hours ago should be added to this report. J. LONGSTREET, Brigadier- General, Commanding. [5.] * Shows 1 killed and 6 wounded Page 39 CHAP. LXIII.] SKIRMISH AT GREAT FALLS, MD. 39 SEPTEMBER 4, 1861.Skirmish at Great Falls, Md. Report of Lient. Charles W. Squires, First Company, Battalion Washing ton (La.) Light Artillery. BATTALION WASHINGTON ARTILLERY, Camp Orleans, September 9, 1861. SIR: In obedience to your verbal order requiring a report of the service in which my battery was engaged from the 3d to the 6th of September, I have the honor to submit the following: In accordance with special orders, the First Companysay, 2 commis- sioned officers, 5 non commissioned officers, and 47 privates, with c~ne 3-inch rifled cannon, two 12 -pounder howitzers, I provision wagon, and 36 horses, left Camp Orleans at 4.30 p. in. the 3d instant, and after an agreeable and easy march of two hours, arrived at Germantown, where according to your orders 1 reported to Brig. Gen. D. P. Jones. By order of the latter the horses were well fed, an(1 we rested until ill p. in., when, in accordance with instractions, I proceeded with my bat- tery, guided by troopers, to Hunters Mills, where I reported to Colonel Jenkins for duty. My battery was ordered to follow the Fifth South Carolina Regiment, which was inimediately put in motion, together with one squadron of cavalry. Tile whole command proceeded over a hilly country, and although late at night, and we could scarcely see the heads of our horses, no serious accident happened to our heavy car- riages. During the march ~he whole command was several times halted, caused by a few of the miserable animals furnished the battery for light artillery horses, which, for want of sufficient food, appeared totally unfit for any service; and allow me here to state, if this evil is not remedied by an additional pair of horses to each carriage, or by attaching sound, strong, and well-fed horses to the command, we shall some day be compelled to abandon a portion of our artillery. About 7.30 a. in. on the 4th instant we arrived on the right bank of the Potomac River near Great Falls and placed in position the rifled cannon on a high hill thickly wooded, bearing upon a group of houses on the Maryland side of the river and distant about 1,500 yards. rfhe howitzers, commanded by Lieutenant Richardson, were placed to the left of the rifled cannon and nearly opposite the above-named houses. At 5 oclock a. in. we opened fire, throwing shell filled with an incen- diary composition, which, with a few exceptions, exploded inside or on the roofs of the houses, causing the occupants to rush out and leave at a double-quick. The firing was kept up briskly for ten or fifteen min- utes, when a yellow flag was seen to emerge from the top of one of the houses on the extreme left. Colonel Jenkins, seeing the flag, ordered me to change my fire to an encampmnent directly in front of the hill on which the rifle cannon was situated, which I can safely say resulted to our advantage. Lieutenant Rid ardson, observing the hospital flag, directed the howitzers to the extreme left of the houses and some dis- tance from the house on which the flag appeared. While firing upon the encampment, we observed several pi9ces of artillery which we expected would open upon us, as their position was changed several times, but they were finally moved and taken from view. We fired several rounds of solid shot upon the canal on the opposite side, which I have beeii informed dislodged several stones. I was ordered to ceas Page 40 40 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. firing and limber up at a quarter to 9, when the whole command was put in motion, and after a tiresome march of twenty miles we arrived at Germantown about dark, where the horses were well fed and the men rested until the 6th instant, at 11.30 a. in., when we were ordered by General Jones to return to this camp. In this service we fired ill shots, as follows: Rifle cannon (Scrgt. Edward Owen, Lance Corpi. E. I. Kursheedt), twenty-three solid shot twelve shell; bowitzers (Lieutenant Richardson commanding, Serge~nts Galbraith and Browii. Corporals Payne and Aby), fifty-three spherical case and twenty-three shell. Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon Lieutenant Rich- ardson, the non-commissioned officers and mcii attached to this coin- mandthe veterans of Bull Run and Manassas. They showed the same coolness and determination that so characterized your whole command during those eventful engagements. With much respect, major, I am, your obedient servant, C. W. SQUIRES, 1st Jieut., Comdg. 1st Company Washington Arty., of New Orleans. Maj. J. B. WALTON, [5.] Commanding Battalion Washington Artillery. SEPTElIBER 10, lSGl.Engagement at Carnifix Ferry, Gauley River, W. Va. - Report of Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd, C. S. Army.* HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE KANAWIIA, Camp on the Road, September 12, 1861. Sin: The enemy, said to be under the command of General Rose. crans, numbering ten regiments, appeared before my intrenched camp on the 10th at 2 p. in., and commenced an attack with all arms, which continued until dark. Our force, numbering less than 2,000 men engaged, resisted the assault with firmness and determination. The enemy was repulsed five successive times. Finding ourselves unable to resist successfully the overwhelming numbers of the enemy, I deter- mined to recross the river. This we (lid without the loss of a man or any accident worthy of mention. The enemy was so crippled in the fight that they were unable to pursue us, and we passed the river with- out molestation. They are very strong, and superadding the 8,000 or 9,000 men bronght down in the column to the 5,000 of General Cox at Gauley Bridge, which has been within a few days re-enforced by 2,000 more, it constitutes an exceedingly formidable array, one which it is entirely impossible to resist with the forces at my command. Sickness has almost deprived this command of half its number. The whole effective force to-day amounts to 4,200 men only. The design of time enemy, beyond all doubt, is to advance upon Lewisburg and the rail- roads in the interior of the State. The column from Summersvi]le is already busily engaged in m~ttempting to cross the river, to be joined, no doubt, by such forces as can be spared by General Cox. We are only able with our present numbers to harass them on their advance. You will see from this statement the great necessity of sending without delay sufficient re-enforcements to resist the advance. I think the idea of penetratimig the interior of the State by the line which you occupy is * See also Vol. V, P. 146 Page 41 41 CHAP. LXIIJ.1 ENGAGEMENT AT CARNIFIX FF~RRY, W. VA. abandoned, and instead of it the plan of invasion by this line has been adopted. Our losses at Camp Gauley amounted to less than twenty wounded; that of the enemy was exceedingly heavy, as reported [to] us by prisoners and others. I was much gratified to find from your note of the 8th, received by me this morning, that a recrossing of the 0-auley River under the circumstances was regarded as proper by you. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN B. FLOYD, Brigadier- General, Commanding Army of the Kanawha. Maj. Gen. R. E. LEE. [5.] Report of Col. Alexander 1W. Reynolds, Fiftieth Virginia Infantry. HEADQUARTERS FIFTIETH VIRGINIA REGIMENT, FLOYDS BRIGADE, C. S. ARMY, Camp on Seweil, September 15, 18G1. SIR: On the morning of the 10th instant, in obedience to the orders of Brigadier-General Floyd, I moved my regiment from our temporary camp, which was about one mile in advance of the main camp at Gau- ley, and took post in the center of the line of log breast-works and on the left of the earth-works and battery of four guns. The regiment formed into line behind the breast-works at 2.30 p. m. Within a few minutes after I was informed of the rapid approach of the enemy. At 3 p. in. a heavy column moved to attack us, which was gallantly repulsed by the right wing after a sharp exchange of fire lasting about twenty-five minutes, the enemy then taking shelter behind some houses and haystacks beyond the range of our fire, from which position they continued to fire upon us with their Enfield rifles. At 3.30 p. m. the enemy, having placed their artillery in position, opened upon my line a terrific fire of shells, grape, shrapnel, round shot, and with rifle cannon, which was continued with but little intermission until 7 p. m. At about 5 p. m. a heavy column (supposed to be an entire brigade) advanced to assault our center. Our fire was reserved nntml the enemy approached to within 100 yards, when a well-directed fire from our whole line checked their advance. After a contest of forty-five minutes the enemy (notwithstanding the efforts of some of their officers to rally them) broke and ran. About 6 p. m. a third attempt was made to force our center, which met with the same result as the preceding, our regiment awaiting their approach coolly and routing them comupletely. In the early part of the battle the fire of the enemys artillery was high. They attempted to enfilade my line, which they failed to do in consequence of one of their guns having been disabled by the fire from the battery mu the earth-work. At 7.10 p. mu. the firing ceased and the cuemy retired from the field. During the entire engagement the officers and mcii of the regiment exhibited the greate~t coolness and determination, and though but few had ever heard the sound of cannon, they evinced a spirit which would have done credit to veterans. I must beg leave to bring to the favorable notice of the general comumanding in chief the gallantry and coolness of Maj. C. E. Thorburn, of this regiment (whose name was favorably mentioned in my report of the battle of Cross Lanes). From the commencement to the end of the action he was engaged in various parts of the line encouraging the men and instruct- ing them as to the best mode of making their fire effective. I recom- mend also to his notice the good conduct of John L. Cowardin, adjutan Page 42 42 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. ~CHAP. LXIII. of the regiment, who was energetic in conveying orders. I also recoin- mend to his favorable attention Capt. L. II. N. Salyer, of Company II, who, under the supervision of Major Thorburn, rendered with a portion of his company most effective service against the sharpshooters of the enemy. Corporal Lyon, of Company I, exhibited bravery and great skill in picking off several of the enemy who were posted behind trees after the main body had fallen back. All the officers of the regiment behaved with gallantry and coolness throughout the action. Our loss was 3 privates wounded; 2 lientenants, 1 sergeant, and ii privates missing. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. W. REYNOLDS, Colonel Fiftieth Virginia Regiment, Floyds Brigade, C. S. Army. Capt. W. E. PETERS, Assistant Adjutant- General, Floyds Brigade. [5.) SEPTEMBER 11, 1861.Reconnaissance from Chain Bridge to Lewinsvihle, Va., and action. Report of Capt. Thomas L. kosser, C. S. Army, commanding Second Battery, Battalion Washington (La.) Light Artillery. IIDQRS. SECOND BATTERY, WASHINGTON ARTILLERY, Munsons Hill, Va., September 14, 1861. MAJOR: In obedience to an order received from Col. J. E. B. Stuart, on the 11th instant, about 1~ oclock, I immediately proceeded with one section of my battery (one 3-inch rifled gun and one 12-pounder howitzer) in rear of the regiment of infantry which I found at Taylors Cross. Roads, in the direction of Lewinsville, until we reached the vicinity of the enemy, and considerably in his reara narrow lane, where the column halted. I then rode forward to observe the position of the enemy. I ascertained that his right had discovered our approach and was moving rapidly to his rear and left to join the maui body of his forces. But before the alarm had been communicated to the left I moved my section of artillery forward and surprised, by a shot from the rifle, a large body of infantry which was occupying an iiiclosure and house about 600 yards off. This evidently was their first notification of our pres- ence, and threw theni into great confusion. This shot was followed quickly by a spherical case from the howitzer, whose effect~was to scat- ter the enemy and put him iu retreat. The road over which the enemy retreated is, in this locality, nearly parallel to the lane in which my pieces were planted, and from the rapidity of my fire and the confusion of the enemy consequent upon every discharge, I can but believe that he suffered terribly. After he had been driven from the field I rode over this ground and found 2 killed, 1 mortally wounded, and captured 1 prisoner. The road here xvas plowed by my projectiles and thick with fragments of shell, and strewn with canteens, haversacks, and a few muskets of the enemy. Upon a slight eminence near a house a few paces from the road and to the right of my position two field pieces, a rifle and a howitzer, were placed, which returned our fire warmly until their retreating column had passed; then, re-enforced by six more pieces, kept up the fire for a short time from this position, then fired retiring, evidently supposing themselves pursued, for as I rode along in their rear I observed their projectiles falling far in advance of me, and fully a mile in advance of my battery Page 43 CHAP. LXIII.] ENGAGEMENT AT GREENBRIER RIVER, W. VA. 43 it affords me great pleasure to say that the conduct of my men was admirable. Though in position where the enemys greatly superior force could be clearly seen, and opposed by great superiority of num- bers of cannon, every man performed his whole duty coolly and cheer- fully. My attention was particularly called to Lieutenant Slocomb, for whose gallant service I am truly grateful. He was engaged all the time assisting the cannoneers in pointing and ranging the pieces by pointing out the enemy and observing the effect of each shot. One of the gunners being sick, I assigned Private John ID. Britton to the impor- tant post of gunner of the howitzer, and the accuracy of his fire, his coolness and energy, entitles him to the greatest praise. The ineffi- ciency of the case and shell projectiles furnished me a few days since for the service of the rifled guns was again exemplified in this engage- ment; not one of them (owing to the want of sufficient windage for the time fuse) exploded. The Bormann fuse, with which the spherical ease and shell for the howitzer were served, showed in their manufacture great deficiency. There was n~ uniformity whatsoever in their burning. Some cut at five seconds did not burn in many cases; two others cut at two burned as long as four or five seconds. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. L. ROSSER, C. S. Army, Captain Second Battery, Washington A rtiilery. Maj. J. B. WALTON, Commanding Washington Artillery. - NoTE.Jn this engagement sixty-six rifle and forty-one spherical case were fired. At the earliest possible moment I will replenish my store. T. L. R. [5.] OCTOBER 3, 1861.Engagement at Greenbrier River, W. Va. Report of Lient. Col. Alexander U. Taliaferro, Twenty-third Virginia Infantry. SIR: The Twenty-third Regiment, under my command, occupied the trenches in front of the position. The officers and men bore themselves admirably. They were perfectly steady, cool, and deliberate, and impatient for the conflict, and this amid showers of shot and shell, which fell upon and around them for upward of four hours. The casualties were two men severely and probably mortally wounded, whose names are given below, a Companies A and I, of this regiment, gallantly volunteered under a heavy fire to cross the river and attack r reporting to Colonel Johnson, the enemy in the open field and afte who was to command the attacking party, but who afterward con- cluded,in the face of the immense force of the enemy now visible, to change his plans, were ordered to re-enforce the command detailed to hold the river-bank, and on the left flank, which position they main- tamed during the action. All of which is respectfully submitted. ALEX. G. TALIAFERRO, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Col. WILLIAM B. TALIAFERRO, Acting General of Brigade, Headquarters Greenbrier River. 1~] ____________ _________________ a Wonuded: Private Reinhardt, Company H; Private Fleming, Company K Page 44 44 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL Report of Capt. John C. Iligginbotham, Twenty-fifth Virginia Infantry. HDQR5. TWENTY-FIFTH JIEGIMENT VIRGINIA VOLS., Camp Bartow, W. 17a., October 4, 1861. COLONEL: In obedience to your order issued me upon the morning of the 3d instant my regiment was formed calmly and marched im- mediately to the trench assigned and marked as my destination and post in the then coming engagement. We were not there long until ordered to leave our arms and return to quarters to obtain breakfast for the command, bnt were soon seen to retrace our steps back as the roll beat to arms. The enemy were theu in full view of the left of our lines, but did not advance snfficieiitly near to open the conflict until, I think, 8. 05a. in., when we were kept under a heavy fire from their artillery, increasing gradually as an advance was made upon us, and new batteries being located, with which they seemed fortunate enough almost, in two or three instances, to get the range of our ditches. Your order was promptly complied with by sending a re-enforcement of twenty men under Lieutenant Fitchett, of the Upshur 0-reys, to the aid of Colonel Scott whilst they were exposed to a good and tolerably well-directed fire from the enemys guns. My command was not brought into action at any time during the engagement, but I can with pleasure state I never saw more caution, good, soldier-like behavior, and true eagerness for the fray than was exhibited upon the part of the men and officers yesterday.. With the highest respect, I am, yours in obedience, JNO. C. HIGGINBOTHAM, Captain, Commanding Twenty -fifth Regiment Virginia Vo innteers. Actg. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM B. TALIAFERRO, Comdg. Fifth Brigade of Virginia rols., at Greenbrier River. [5.] Report of Col. William C. Scott, Forty;fonrth Virginia Infantry. IIDQRs. FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT VIRGINIA VOLUNTEERS, October 4, 1861. The undersigned, colonel of the Forty-fourth Regiineiit of Virginia Volunteers, being directed by Ccl. W. B. Taliaferro to report to him the movements of the enemy, so far as they come within his observation, together with the action and behavior of his regiment in the battle of yesterday, begs leave to submit the following report: The Forty-fburth Regiment occupying that part of the intrenchments nearest the enemy, and immediately between their batteries and those attached to the brigade which you command, whilst it exposed that regiment and their camp greatly to the effect of the enemys shot, it the better enabled the undersigned to watch and ascertain their move- ments. The battle commenced about a. in. and lasted till p. in., dnring the whole of which time an active cannonading took place, with scarcely any intermission, but although the Forty-fourth Regiment was comparatively greatly exposed from the cause above mentioned, and one who served our artillery was killed and several others wounded in a few feet of our line, yet the undersigned is pleased to state.that not one of our regiment was killed and but two stunned and knocked down by a cannon ball, and two or three others slightly wounded from the eIl~cts of shells. The enemy being near the river for some time afte Page 45 CHAP. LXIII.] RECONNAISSANCE TO THORNTONS MILLS, VA. 45 the battle commenced, of their attempt to cross it for the purpose of attacking on our left hank, the undersigned knows nothing. But this the nndersigned does know, that a large force of the enemy did pro- ceed under cover of a wdod within about 600 yards of our intrenchments, evidently with the intention of emerging from the wood in line of battle parallel to our intreTnchinents, and of attacking us in front, but after getting into the wood parallel to our iutrenchments, or nearly so, they were fired on by Battery, and although the privates were urged by every kind of language by their officers to attack us, they could not be prevailed on to do so, and at last retired the same way they came in evident trepidation and confusion. While this force was forming imme- diately in our front, another lai-ge force of the eneniy emerged from the valley and entered the wood, evidently for the purpose of acting as a reserve to the first in the attack on onr front. On the retirement of these two forces the battle ceased and the whole force of the enemy retired. After the first-mentioned force entered the wood, the under- signed explained to his regiment their object in doing so; that being nearer to them and immediately opposite to them, and the declivity of the hill in our front being less than in almost any other part of the intrenclunents, there could be no doubt theif first attack would be npon us, and he particularly cautioned his men not to fire until he gave the word of command to do so. And during the whole period of the cannonading and the above-mentioned movements, the undersigned watched the countenauces and bearing of his men and he is pleased to say that without exception officers and privates appeared cheerful amid indeed anxious for the enemy to make the contemplated attack, and many of them expressed their wishes to that effect. In the early part of the action Maj. A. C. Jones, with Company A and a portion of Company B, was sent on detached service by your order. W. C. SCOTT, Colonel Forty-fourth Regiment Virginia Volunteers. Col. WILLIAM B. TALIAFERRO, Commanding Fifth Brigade. [5.] OCTOBER 20, 1861.Reconnaissance from Dranesville to Herndon Station and Thorntons Mills, Va. Report of Capt. John U. Parke, U. S. Topographical Engineers. DRANESYILLE, October 21, 1861. SIR: 1 have the honor to transmit herewith a sketch* of reconnaissance made during a part of yesterday by a small party nuder my charge: Our general direction was to the south of the junction of the two pikes at Dranesville, and route extended to within sight of the railroad in the vicinity of the two stations, Herudon and Thorntons Mills. The roads are good, generally smooth, nearly level to the pike, and thence gentle descents toward the railroad. The road is timbered throughout to within a short distance of the railroad. Jnst to the west of the stream near Herndon smooth, open fields extend on both sides of the road and off to the railroad on the south. Nearing Thorntons Mills the road appears to be less traveled than the one to Herndon, although it has been lately used in the transportation of hay and fodder by the enemy to the southward. There are several bridle paths and wood roads Omitted Page 46 46 MD., E. N. C., PA~, VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. crossing and diverging from the maui road. The bridge on the first stream nearing Herudon is broken up. It is made of poles and easily repaired, and there is no difficulty in crossing the stream. The sec- ond stream is also bridged, bnt probably not sufficiently strong for artillery. The stream is fordable and no trouble need be anticipated. On nearing the railroad at both stations we discovered the enemys pickets mounted. At Thorntons Mills they fired upon us, and the fire was returned. Having only a party of teu men, I did not deem it pru- dent to expose ourselves to an ambnscade, and having accomplished the object of the reconnaissance I returned. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. G. PARKE, Captain, Topographical Engineers. Major-General MCCALL, Commanding Division. [5.] OCTOBER 21, 18.61.Engagement at Balls Bluff, Va, Report ot. Lient. Walter Jill. Bramhali, New York Light Artillery. AT THOMAS OXLEYS Housn, Near Conrads Ferry, A/id., October 24, 1861. Sin: I beg to submit to you the following report of my participation in an engagement which took place on the V irginia shore of the Poto- mac opposite Harrisons Island on the 21st instant: Dnring the afternoon of the 20th Captain Vaughn, of the Third Rhode Island Battery, came down to my camp with one section of his battery, when the command of the artillery there, consisting of his one section and mine, devolved upon him. The miight was passed without any alarm, and in the morning Captain Vaughn left to go to his camp at Poolesville, to attend to matters concerning his battery. During his absence, about 1 p. in., a courier arrived from General Baker, bid- ding us report with all dispatch to him upon the Maryland side of the Potomac, opposite Harrisons Island. Being the senior artillery officer present, I took command and arrived at the point designated, with the four pieces, in less than half an hour. Here we were joined by Cap- tain Vaughn, who soon left us, temporarily, to discover some point from whence to shell the enemy from our side with effect. At the time of our arrival but little firing was heard upon the opposite shore, and that only desultory. At about 2.30 p. in., however, the firing of mus- ketry suddenly became very brisk, accompanied by occasional dis- charges of artillery. At this time General Baker, who had been actively engaged in superintending the dispatch of re-enforcements, crossed himself, accompanied by but one officer, who, I am informed, was Major Young, of his command, leaving word to forward the artil- lery with all dispatch. The means provided for this purpose consisted of two scows, manned with poles, and which, owing to the swiftness of the current, consumed a great deal of time in the trip from the main- land to the island. Captain Vaughn not having yet returned, I took command and ordered the immediate embarkation of the pieces. I crossed with the first piece (which happened to be a Rhode Island piece) accompanied by Colonel Cogswell, of the Tammany regiment, arriving upon the island after a half hours hard labor to keep the boat from floating down the stream. We ascended the steep bank, made soft and sloppy by the passage of the troops, and at a rapid gait crosse Page 47 CHAP. LXIIT.1 ENGAGEMENT AT BALLS BLUFF ,NA. 47 the island to the second crossing. At this point we found only a scow, oii which we did not dare to cross the piece and the horses together, and thus lost further time by being obliged to make two crossings. Upon arriving on the Yirginia shore we were compelled to dismount the piece and carriage and haul the former up by the prolonge, the infantry assisting in carrying the parts of the latter to a point about thirty feet np a precipitous ascent, rendered almost impassable with soft mud, where we remounted the piece, and hitching up the horses dragged it through a perfect thicket up to the open ground above where the fighting was going on. During all this time the firing had continued with great briskness, and that the enemys fire was very effectual was evident from the large number of wounded and dead who were being borne to the boats. But a few moments previous to coming into position the firing had ceased, and when I arrived I found that our men were resting, many with arms stacked in front of them. The ground upon which was such of the fight as I engaged in was an open space, forming a parallelogram, inclosed entirely in woods. Our men were disposed iu a semicircle, the right and left termini of which rested upon the woods, with, as near as I could discern, skirmishers thrown out upon each flank, with the convexity of our lines skirting the cliff overhanging the river. The width of the opening I estimated at about 450 feet; its length as many yards. The ground sloped from a point about forty yards from the cliff sufficiently to afford a very tolerable cover for our men. Upon order of General Baker I moved my piece forward into position in the center, equidistant from two howitzers posted respectively upon the right and left of our lines. I had hardly got into position when the enemy, who occupied the woods in front at the other extremity of the opening and a portion of the distance down the right and left, opened upon ns a severe fire, wounding two of my cannoneers. I immediately responded, and continued a rapid fire until all but two of my cannon- eers were wounded and left me. Among these, most unfortunately, was No. 4, who took with him the tube pouch and lanyard. Finding no other lanyard nor any primers in the limber chest, I obtained the assist- ance of some infantry soldiers and hauled the piece down to the rear. After a few moments the missing tube pouch was found and brought to me, the blood which covered it showing plainly the cause of its disap- pearance. At this time there was but one cannoneer (Carmichael) by the piece. The piece was br~ught in to position by the aid of General Baker, Colonel Cogswell, Colonel Lee (1 think that is his name), and Captain Stewart, of General Stones staff. Assisted by these gentle- men the firing was resumed and maintained until they were obliged to leave and go to their several commands. I then called for volunteers, whom I soon obtained from the infantry. I would be glad to have been able to distinguish who they were that came to my aid, for they worked with great zeal and coolness, but the similarity of uniforms prevented. I would beg, however, to call attention to one young fellow whose name I obtained. He is a private (Booth) of Company L, California regi- ment, who rendered me great assistance, at times being Pie only one with me at the piece. I do not know how long a time the piece was engaged, but I judge it to have been (allowing for all intervals) about half an hour. The number of rounds I estimated at from eighteen to twenty, none of which, I think, failed to do good execution. The longest range necessary to obtain was not in any case over 450 yards, and at three separate times I reserved the fire until I could plainly dis- cern the enemy advancing up the slope at 100 to 150 feet distance. The expediency of this was demonstrated in the hasty and disordere Page 48 48 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. retiring of the enemys center. The last round which I fired was when the enemy had flanked us on the left and were pouring in a deadly fire from that quarter as well as from the front at about the moment when General Baker fell at the head of his men. Finding that the battle was lost to us, and with but one man left to aid me (Booth, of the California regiment, whom I have already men- tioned), and growing weak and stiff from my wounds, of which I received three, none dangerous, I caused the piece to be drawn down to the edge of the cliff, whence it was afterward thrown down, lodging in the rocks and logs with which the descent was cumbered, and, assisted by two privates of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment, made my way to the boat and over to the island. Here I found my own section and the other piece belonging to the Rhode Island section, one of which I had had, and leaving directions to command the ford at the upper end of the island with two pieces and to hold the other in reserve to act where circumstances might aid to cover the retreat of our own infantry, I crossed to the mainland. I had first dispatched a messenger for Lieu- tenant Clark, of our battery, who soon after arrived and took command. The only projectile with which the ammunition chest was provided was the James shell. I have been told by those from the right and left, who could correctly observe their effect, that they burst and with great effect. The short range at which they were fired would, of course, hardly admit of any very appreciable deviation from a direct course, such as has been remarked of this projectile. I cannot speak too well of the conduct of the brave fellows who belonged to the piece, who, with one exception, remained at their posts until wounded and driven away. I beg especially to mention 8ergeant Tucker, Privates Carmi- chael, Madisons (two brothers), together with the drivers and all others whose names I do not kuow. I had in use one of the battery horses as my saddle-horse (my own being unfit for use) upon that day, which was killed by a ball through the left lung. The piece, I have simice learned, was taken by the enemy; with it there were but eight or ten rounds of shell and about twenty blanks. I do not think it was possible to have saved the piece from capture, for it would have required a full half hour to have gotten it down to the river, when, if it were shipped upon the boat, it would have beeu necessarily to the exclusion of the wounded who were being conveyed to the opposite shore. Indeed, I very much doubt if it could have crossed at all, for the scow sunk with its weight of men the next trip after I returned in it. The horses belonging to the piece were all shot, and I learn from Captain Vaughn, who has since been over to bury the dead, that five of them lay dead in one heap. I regretted that the, canister which wa~s to be sent over to us did not reach us, as with it I might at least have kept the enemy suffi- ciently in check to have given time to many of the wound ed who were left on the Virginia side to have escaped. Our own men worked with energy and zeal in getting the pieces across and in assisting the pas- sage of both reenforcements and the returning wounded, which merit the highest commendation. Their only regret wa~ in being unable to reach the scene of conflict themselves. My wounds are only flesh wounds and not in any way dangerous, amid a respite of a short time will, I trust, render me capable of resuming my (luties. I am, captain, with much respect, your most obedient servant, WALTER M. BRAMIIALL, Lieutenant, Commanding Right Section Battery K. Capt. T. B. BUNTING, Comdg. Light Batty. K (detached), 9th Regt. Yew York State ]I1ilitia. [5. Page 49 CHAP. LXIII.] SKIRMISH NEAR BURKES STATION, VA. 49 DECEMBER 4, 1861.Skirmish near Burkes Station, Va. Report of Col. George W. Taylor, Third New Jersey Infantry. FORT WORTH, December 5, 1861. GENERAL: I have just returned with the little scouting party of fifty that I took yesterday to intercept the enemys cavalry patrols. Last night about 1 oclock I encountered them about two miles this side of Burkes Station, on the old Braddock road. The result was that at the first discharge of our pieces, loaded each with fifteen large buck- shot, nine or ten saddles were emptied, as about that number of horses were seen to go off riderless and plunge into the swamp near the road. Four or five of our men being wounded in the m~ke, our attention was turned exclusively to them, and the iiighit being dark with a dense wood surrounding, we did not wait to look up the enemys wounded, though there were heard groanings in the swamp when we left. We brought in Orderly Sergt. T. H. l)uuham, of Captain Warings Georgia fins- sars. I send his orderly book. His regiment is the Sixth Virginia], Colonel Fields. Adjutant Dunham and Lieutenant Knight and Ser- geant Lambson were with me, and I take pleasure in commending their good conduct. Being much fatigued, the party having all performed the trip on foot, I beg to be excused for particulars until this afternoon, when the names of the wounded will be given. Captain Campbell reported to me with two companies by youi order, at Edsalls Hill, at a little before daybreak, and was ordered back to camp, not requiring them. I have the honor to be, respectfully, & c., GEO. W. TAYLOII, Colonel Third Regiment New Jersey Volunteers. Brigadier-General KEARNY, Headquarters. P. 5.I send the orderly sergeants papers, some of which you will find interesting, especially a private letter. [5.] Report of Gapt. J. Fred. Waring, Sixth Virginia Caralry. CAMP LETCHER, December 7, 1861. SIR: On the night of the 4th of December I left the picket-lines with a deta-liment of two officers and twenty-one men on a scouting expedition. When about four miles from our hues, on the Braddock road, the advance guard, consisting of~ two men, found a wire stretched across the road. Owing to that portion of the road being a bog, the main body had caught up to the men in advance. As soon as the latter encountered the obstacles they turned their horses and cominu- nicated the fact to me. The words were not out of their mouths before a fire was opened upon us from the front aiid right, and themi taken up by the left. The men, although takeii completely by surprise, returned the fire promptly. The fire then opened on both flanks and then in the rear. Seeing the detachment completely surrounded, I gave the order to charge. With a cheer the men dashed forward, and the enemy broke and fled. Halting about fifty yards beyond the line of fire, the wounded and dismounted were picked up. Eight men were missing; out of the sixteen rein ainiug three were wounded, and I saw that it 4 R RYOL LI, PT Page 50 50 MD., B. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. was madness to return. At the first fire four horses went down and were left for dead by their riders. Five other men were dismounted by their horses tumbling over fivhlen horses. The casualties are: Private Thomas G. lleidt, wounded severely by five buckshot below the knee; Private John McC. Mcintosh, wounded slightly in the shoulder by three buckshot; Private L. II. Clemens, wounded slightly in the back; Orderly Sergt. Thomas II. Dunham, wounded severely and taken prisoner; Captain Waring, wounded slightly in the fhce. The dismounted were all moie or less bruised by their horses falling on them; four horses are missing. The loss of the enemy was 3 killed, 2 wounded, and 1 taken prisoner the next morning by General Stuarts escort: From the pris- oier it was ascertained that Colonel Taylor, of the Third New Jersey Regiment, had prepared the trap by stretching two telegraph wires across the road, and had selected ten mcii from each company in his regiment to slaughter his nnsuspecting foe. That he was not success- ful was owing to the wild firing of his men. I cannot close this com- munication without testifying to the gallantry of Orderly Sergt. Thomas II. Dunham, who was shot from his saddle while in the act of charging the enemy, and to the good conduct of the men under the trying emergency of a surprise at midnight by a force of picked men five times their number and under the immediate eye of their colonel. Respectfully, J. F. WARING, Captain, Commanding Georgia flussars, Company F, Sixth Virginia Cavalry, Colonel Fields. Lieut. JOHN ALLAN, Adjutant Sixth Regiment Virginia Cavalry. [First indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS SIXTH CAVALRY, Camp Letcher, December 8, 1861. This expedition was made without my knowledge. I disapprove of it, but the result under the circumstances is so creditable to our arms that I think its effect upon my men has been good. Very respectfully, CHAS. W. FIELD, Colonel Sixth Cavalry, Commanding. [Second indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY BRIGADE, Camp Qui Vive, December 8, 1861. Captain Warings conduct in leaving his post with his reserve to scout beyond our lines at night, without authority and for no object of importance, thereby exposing his command to danger of an ambuscade, without the power to repel except at great disadvantage, is so inexcus- able as not to be counterbalanced by the extraordinary escape of his command. The field for enterprise and personal daring is wide enough in the legitimate sphere of duty, and I triist that this lesson will curb the thirst of adventure so as not to presume too far upon the irresolu- tion and want of enterprise of the enemy. The gallant conduct of this noble little band shows what we may expect of them on the field; and while I commend their bravery and presence of mind, I cannot approve their tempting Providence in such a manner. J. E. B. STUART, Brigadier- Gener4l, Commanding~ [5. Page 51 CHAP. LXIII.1 ENGAGEMENT AT CAMP ALLEGHANY, W. VA. 51 DECEMBER 13, 1861.Engagement at Camp Alleghany, W. Va. Report of Brig. (len. Robert H. ]Jiliilroy, U. AS~. Army. HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, CHEAT MOUNTAIN DIVISION, Jluttonsvitle, Ya., December , 1861. SIR: In accordance with duty, I respectfully submit the following report of the operations of some troops nuder my command against the rebel camp at Alleghany Summit on the 13th instant: My command consisted of the following detachments: 700 of the Ninth Indiana Regiment, under Colonel Moody; 400 of the Twenty- fifth Ohio Regiment, under Colonel Jones; 250 of the Second Vir- ginia, under Major Owens; 300 of the Thirteenth Indiana, under Major Dobbs; 130 of the Thirty-second Ohio, under Captain Hamilton, 30 of Captain Brackens cavalry, under command of Captaiii Bracken, and 75 of Captain Rigbys artillery, who went along without arms, expecting to take possession of the enemys guns when captured. Scouting parties of the enemy had been seeu frequently of late at and in vicinity of their old camp, Bartow, at Greenbrier, and skirmishes had taken place repeatedly between them and scouting parties sent out from the Ninth Indiana Regiment, stationed at Cheat Mountain sum- mit. Two companies of the Ninth Indiana Regiment were sent out on the morning of the 12th instant to go on to Camp Bartow, with orders to hold it till our forces arrived there in the evening; but when within about two miles of Bartow their advanced guard, consisting of fourteen men, was fired on by a party of about sixty rebels in ambush, and two of the advance guard, Jonah G. Porter, of Company G, and Charles Rhoades, of the regimental band, were killed and wounded, but the rebels fled rapidly over the mountain on the approach of the companies. The whole of the force left Cheat Mountain summit on the afternoomi of the 1?th instant, and arrived at Camp Bartow soon after dark, and stopped there a few hours for rest and refreshment. The intention was to take the enemys camp by surprise by attacking them simultaneously at daybreak on their left flank, where their artil- lery was stationed, and on their right and rear. For this purpose I divided my forces at Camp Bartow into two bodies,, and sent the detach- ments of the Ninth Indiana and Second Virginia, under Colonel Moody, around by the Greeiibank road, imearly twelve miles, to the point of attack on the enemys left, while the detachments from the Twenty- fifth Ohio, Thirteenth Indiana, Thirty-second Ohio Volunteers, and Brackens cavalry went up under my immediate command along the Staunton pike to the place of attack on the right and rear. When about two miles from the enemys camp my advanced guard was fired upon by the pickets of the enemy, by which Corpl. Levi S. Stewart, of the Twenty-fifth Ohio Regiment, Company E, was killed. We posted on to a point one mile from the enemys camp, when my column debouched to the left from the pike to attain the intended posi- tion on the right and rear of the enemy, which had to be reached by passing up a steep mountain side and over the top. I ordered Colonel Jones to take command of the whole forces here (except tIme reserves, composed of Brackens cavalry and a company of the Thirteenth Indiana) and to advance to the required position, and there await, without makimig any attack, till he heard the attack on the other side of the mountain camp, to be made by Colonel Moody; but upon com- ing to the mountain, Company A, of the Thirteenth Indiana, being in advance, and the direction of it at this point being taken by Lient. I. B. McDonald, aide-de-camp to General Reynolds, they soon cam Page 52 52 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. upon a rebel picket, a portion of which was captured. The balance retreated, and were pursued at double-quick by the whole column, iu order to get into position before the alarm was given, but upon arriv- ing at the edge of ,the woods which overlooked the enemys camp the rebels were discovered advancing in line of battle, some 1,000 or 1,500 strong. Lieutenant McDonald immediately deployed the leading com- pany into line by filing to the right. Colouel Jones ordered the main column to deploy forward into line on the left of the leading company, in doing which the whole of the enemys line opened fire upon them, which was promptly returned, with great effect, and the enemys hue broke in confusion and retreated back among their houses and tents and over their trenches, leaving the ground covered with their dead and wounded; but they were soon rallied, and returned in greater numbers. Here signs of wavering were shown along our line, and a large number, mostly of the Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteers, and a few of the Thirteenth Indiana and Thirty-second Ohio, broke to the rear in confusion, but Colonel Jones, Captains Charlesworth and Crowell, of the Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteers, and Captains Myers and Kewland, of the Thirteenth Indiana, and Captain Hamilton, of time Thirty-second Ohio Volunteers, with a number of lieutenants, by the most vigorous efforts succeeded in bringing a portion of them back, and restored the line in time to receive the rebels in fine style. The fire for a few min- utes was very vigorous on both sides, but the rebels again gave way, and the order being now given to charge our boys dashed gallantly forward and drove them at the point of the bayonet over their trench among their houses and tents. Here the struggle became desperate. Again and again the enemy rallied and were repulsed with great slaughter, but being greatly superior in numbers were still enabled to rally behind their houses, tents, and trenches, and our ranks becoming thinned by the continued skulking away of the timorous, and not hear- ing anything of the attack on the other side of the camp by our troops under Colonel Moody, as was expected, they at last gave way amid fell back to the woods, where they were again rallied in considerable force by their officers and kept up a fire on the rebel camp. The enemy now attempted to outflank us on our right, and threw out a strong column to come up a ravine and out on the top of the ridge on around our right flank, but I ordered up Major Dobbs with tIme reserve of about fifty men, who came very opportunely amid suddenly upon their left flank, and poured in such a deadly and destructive fire upon them and raised such a shout that their column was thrown into confusion and fled pre- cipitately back to their quarters; but recovering from their panic, amid seeing the smallness of our force which bad pursued them, they soon rallied and returned, and the reserve came miear being surrounded by them, but they cut their way through, bringing some twenty prisoners with them. The rebels still kept up their fire in front and advanced again to dislodge us, but recoiled several times before time galling fire of our soldiers, who fought like veterans. The rebels next attempted, with a strong force, to turn our left flank and get in our rear, but Col- onel Jones promptly ordered the detachments of time Thirteenth Indi- ana and Thirty-second Ohio Volunteers to attack and charge on them, which they (lid with such vigor and effect that they were driven back again among their cabins with considerable loss, but soon rallied again aimd renewed the fire along our whole front, and also opened upon us with two pieces of artillery, but without doing any hurt. Our forces were now becoming very much disheartened by continu- ing the unequal fight without hearimmg the expected thunder of th Page 53 CHAP. LXIII.j ENGAGEMENT AT CAMP ALLEGHANY, W. VA. 53 Ninth Indiana and Second Yirginia on the other side. Many of them, too, had by this time exhausted their ammunition, and had to supply themselves the best way they could from the cartridge-boxes of the dead and wounded of both sides, and our ranks were still becoming more and more thinned by frequent desertions to the rear, notwith- standing every exertion of the officers to prevent it. Being in great doubt aud uncertainty about our frieiids whose lire we had been momentarily expecting to hear, bnt in which we were agonizingly dis- appointed, it was finally determined to make a last determined rally and drive the rebels back and bring away our dead and wounded. By great and active exertions this was effected. The rebels were for the last time driven back to the cover of their cabins, many of our boys firing their last cartridge after them. Our remaining wounded were gathered up and our small remaining forces withdrew in good order. it was not till after our forces had come down off the mountain and to the pike that the firing of our forces on the other side under Colonel Moody was heard. The force then remaining had dwindled down to a rear guard of not over 150 men, and there was no way to get across to Colonel Moody except through the rebel canip, which appeared rather a hard road to travel, and the nearest practicable route aroun(l to hini was by Camp Bartow, a distance of seventeen miles. I started with a few of Brackens cavalry and rode rapidly around to where Colonel Moody was, and reached him about 5 p. in., and found that lie had just got his forces down off the mountain (on which the enemys camp was situated) with his wounded, after having buried his dead with their bayonets and swords. Colonel Moodys report* of the att~ick by the troops under his command is herewith transmitted and adopted as a part of this report. The whole number killed of our forces in the affair, including the two killed the day before, is . The whole number wounded~ including those wounded the day before, is A large portion of the wounded are slight. There is not a doubt but had Colonel Moody reached his point of attack at the time appointed, and the attack on each side been simul- taneous, as intended, it would have been a complete success; but he was unavoidably [delayed [as he showsby unforeseen circumstances until the enemy with the whole of their forces had repulsed our first attack, and were thereby enabled to use the whole of their force in repelling our second attack. I cannot speak too highly of the officers who acted under my immediate command. Colonel Jones especially proved himself to be a cool man and accomplished officer. Major Dobbs and Captains Myers, Newland, Johnson, Clinton, Kirkpatrick, amid Harrington, of the Thirteeimth Indiana, and Captains Charleswortli, Croweil, Johns on, and Askew, of the Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteers, and Captain Hamilton, of the Thirty-second Ohio Volunteers, all acted nobly, as did Lieutenants Durbin and Shields, of the Thirteenth Indiana, and Lieutenants Dirlam, Merryman, Wood, Haughton, and Bowlus, of the Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteers, and Lieutenant Brandt, of the Thirty- second Ohio Volunteers. I owe the warmest thanks to Lient. Isaiah B. McDonald, of your staff; for the able and efficient assistance which lie rendered me on the march and in the action. He was very useful, by his activity, coolness, and bravery, in leadimig aimd rallying troops. Lieut. John 0. Cravens, of my staff; by his activity, bravery, and energy, was also very useful to me. Captain Bracken, with his effective squad of cavalry, was on hand, but the ground was wholly unfit for the use of cavalry. Too much praise cannot be given to the brave soldiers * Not found. I See return of casualties, Vol. AT, p. 457 Page 54 54 MD, E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.~ & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. who, in obedience to their officers, remained on the battle.field to the last. They fought with the steady coolness of veterans, and with bravery worthy of their glorious cause; and on the other hand, too much execration cannot be poured upon the many base cowards who deserted the battle-field and left their brave companions, in violation of orders. They should be remembered in eternal iiifainy. Had they all remained and fought as gallantly as did their companions, the ground could have been held till the attack was made on the other side by Colonel Moody, when success would have been certain. We found that instead of a surprise, the enemy was fully apprised and pre- pared to meet us at all points, and we have since learned from pris. oners that they were fully apprised not only of our coming, but of the plan of attack, two days before, by a deserter from our camp, and that they had been making the most active preparations to receive us. The enemys force in the action, as nearly as we conld learn, was about 2,500, of which about 300 were killed, among whom, as we learned from our prisoners, was General Johnson and two field officers. Inclosed find list of our killed, wounded, and missing.* Very respectfully, 11. II. MJLIROY, Brig. Gem., Corndg. Second Brigade, C/teat Mountain Division. Brigadier-General REYNOLDS. [5.] DECEMBER 1621, 1861.Expedition to Meadow Bluff, W. Va. Report of MaJ. Ebenezer B. Andrews, Thirty-sixth Ohio Infantry. SUMMERSYILLE, Vx., December 22, 1861. Sin: I have the honor of presenting the following report: In obedience to your order of the 15th instant to conduct an expedi- tion to Meadow Bluff to astertain the condition of affairs in that region and to obtain if possible horses and stock that might be of value to the army, I started on Monday, the 16th, at 10 a. in., with a force of 150 men, nearly equally taken from Companies B, B, and II. The com- missioned officers were Captain Adney, of Company B, First Lieuten- ant Ford and Second Lieutenant Patton, of Company B, and Captain Wilson and Second Lieutenant Dunlap, of Company H, and Acting Adjutant Second Lieutenant Linduer. Three days rations were carried in haversacks and four days taken in a wagon. We crossed the Gan- ley River at Hughes Ferry on the new flat-boat. The time occupied was one hour and ten minutes. Ascending a steep hill beyond the river, we reached the top of the ridge on which the Wilderness or Nicholas road runs for twenty-five miles. It is the divide between the Meadow River and the Harmony Creek. At night we halted near the house of a Mr. Nutter (now a rebel prisoner at Columbus, Ohio), having marched about twelve miles. Here we built fires, took hot coffee, and laid down and slept till 10 oclock, when we resumed the march by the bright moonlight. Having marched about five miles we found the road obstructed. Detailing a force to remove the obstruction, the rest built fires and slept till morning. At daylight on the morning of the 17th we resumed the march, and proceeding cautiously reached the McFar- lane farm, five or six miles this side of Meadow Bluff; having marched ~See Vol. V, p. 457 Page 55 55 CHAP. LXIII.] EXPEDITION TO MEADOW BLUFF, W. VA. during the (lay about twenty miles. Here, after carefully posting sen- tinels, we built fires and slept. A little after midnight Second Lieu- tenant Patton, with a small party guided by Riley Ramsey, made a successful excursion for the capture of two notorious guerrillas, Levi Amick and Noah W. Props. They were brought into camp. Early on the morning of the 18th, leaving Captain Wilson with his company and First Lieutenant Ford, of Company E, with a part of his company to gather up in the neighborhood such stock as I deemed a lawful prize for the army, I started with Captain Adney with his com~)any and Second Lieutenant Patton with part of his company for Meadow Bluff. We saw no enemy and heard of none, although it was reported that messengers had been sent to Lewisburg to obtain a force to come and attack us. We burned the barracks, 110 newly built log cabins. They were all very well constructed, many of them with puncheon floors. We also found stored away a lot of old tents and a small quantity of various quartermasters and commissary stores, with a few wagons, all of which we burned. We also found a Confederate mail, which we brought away. No intrenchments or rifle-pits were discovered. I was told that there were intrenchinents across the turnpike not far from the foot of Little Sewell Mountain. The position is indicated on the acCOm~)anying map.* In the p. m. we returned to the MeFarlane farm. At daylight the next morning, the 19th, we started homeward. At night we camped near the house of Grigsby MeClung, having marched about fourteen miles. This was the best we could do, as we were delayed by the captured stock. At daylight the next morning, the 20th, we resnmed our march, and had marched four or fiv~e miles when we were fired into by a body of mcii concealed on a high point about 120 yards distant. The fire was directed toward Captain Wilsons company, which was marching in advance. Those of the company who caught a glimpse of the rebels returned the fire, and all moved promptly up the lull to the skirmish, but no enemy could be found. All had taken to their horses and disappeared. From the number of articles dropped in their hurried escape I infer they did not stand upon the order of their going. I was informed that the party consisted of Captain McGruders Henrico Cavalry, from White Sulphur (lately stationed at the junction of the Wilderness road and the Lewisburg turnpike, near Meadow Bluff), and a part of Captain Moorinans Lewisburg Cavalry. It was reported that 125 mounted men left Lewisburg. From the sound of the volley 1 cannot believe that more than one-third of that number of men fired on us. I have no doubt that there were many more in the vicinity than fired upon us. Only two of our men were wounded, one slightly in the thigh, and the other seriously in the elbow. Both men belonged to Company IT. After following the tracks of the fugitive cavalry for a considerable distance, and finding the pursuit with infantry hopeless, we iesumed our march. We camped at night near the house of Andrew MeClung, about six miles from Hughes Ferry. here we slept by fires. Anticipating considerable delay in getting our stock over the ferry, we started the next morning, the 21 st, at 3 oclock. The time consumed at the ferry was, however, only about two hours, and we reached Summersvihle about 11 a. m. We were absent from Suiumersville six days. Our captures were as follows: Two notorious rebel guerrillas, 17 horses, 4 males, 5 oxen, 90 fat cattle, 112 fat sheep, 23 rifles and guns, and one heavy wagon, suitable for oxen. I may add that the Wilderness road, which keeps one continuous ridge for twenty- five miles, from Ganley River to Meadow Creek, is very poorly watered, Omitted Page 56 56 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. and for that distance would be an undesirable army road. So far as I conid learn, the whole of General Floyds army has been ordered away, and whatever troops there may be at Lewisburg or White Sulphur Springs are only remnants temporarily left behind. I was credibly informed that General Floyd has been ordered with his army to Rich. mond. The people of Greenbrier County seemed generally disposed to admit their helplessness as secessionists, and showed a disposition to make friends with the Federal authorities as the stronger power. The expedition, small as it was, will, I think, have a good influence, avid will tend to place the people of that region on their good behavior, hi conclusion, I would express my great satisfaction with the officers and men who accompanied me. They carried out all my wishes with remarkable l)romptness and in good order. To the efficient aid of Acting Adjntant Lindner I was niuch indebted. I inclose herewith a rude map* of my route and also a rongh sketch* of the topography ot Meadow Blnff. Respectfully submitted. Your obedient servant, E. B. ANDREWS, Major Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteers. Col. GEORGE CROOK, Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, U. S. Army, [5.] Commanding Post at Summersville. JANUARY 17, l862.Scout to vicinity of Springfield and Burkes Stations, Va. Report of Lient. James F. Larkin, Fifth New Hampshire Infantry. EBSALLS IIILL~ January 17, 1862. SIR: In accordance with orders from you to scout in the direction of the enemy, I started with eleven men at 8 a. in., following the Orange and Alexandria Railroad; passed our picket about half a mile when I left the railroad, keeping in the fields until I again struck the railroad about half a mile beyond Springfield Station; kept on the railroad nearly to Burkes Station, when I again left it, bearing to the left. I followed a road (which some teams and footmen had passed since the last snow) about two miles when I came to a farm-house occu- J)ied by a man by the name of Ashford. He said we were fifteen miles front Alexandria. Some twenty-five rebel cavalry, he said, passed there a few days previous, and we tracked one horseman to his place, whom he said was a rebel cavalryman. There were two horses, some cows, and several head of young cattle on the farm. There were also several loads of corn (in the ear). On our returii we kept to the right of the railroad some three miles; did not encounter any rebel scouts or pickets; think there is none between here and Burkes; not much forage on the route I took; arrived in camp abont 6 p. m. Yours, respectfully, JAMES E. LARKIK, First Lieutenant, Comdg. Company A, Fifth New Hampshire Vols. Col. S. G. LANGLEY. [5.] ~ Omitted Page 57 CHAP. Lxiii.] BATTLE OP ROANOKE ISLAND, N. C. 57 FEBRUARY 8, 1862.Battle of Roanoke Island, N. C. Report of Lient. Charles W. Tiliotson, Company B, Ninety-ninth New York Infantry (Union Coast Guard). CROATAN SOUND, OPPOSITE ROANOKE ISLAND, U. S. & Southfteld, February 10, 1862. SIR: I take this the first opportunity to report the condition of Com- pany B. My company is in good spirits and conducted themselves nobly under fire. We were in the most exposed position, and suffered con- siderably. My loss is John McCoy and John Doyle, instantly killed; John Sadler wounded in both thighs, supposed mortally; Matthew Stanford wounded in right arm, William Jackson in the back, David Lloyd in the forehead, and Daniel Van Auken in the right haimd. Sev- eral of my men lost their arms, but all bat four replaced them with rebel rifles of the Enfield pattern. I am proud of my company, and I am sure you will be. Lieutenant Hughes conducted himself nobly, as did every man in the company. I will give you a description of the engagement as well as I can in my l)OO~ way: On the morn of the 7th our fleet of gun-boats got under way and attacked the batteries on iRoanoke Island; the enemy returned our fire from the batteries and eight gun-boats with spirit and energy. At 12 oclock the troops prepared to land, and we ran in with the launches to cover their landing. My company manned five of them, and I com- manded the three forming the left wing; we cleared the beach with grape and shell; then lauded our howitzers and protected the landing of the troops; we advanced the artillery about a mile the first night, and stood picket supported by the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts. The fleet kept up a continuous fire all day and drove the steamers from their positions twice, and they returned. The channel was filled up so that our boats could not close with them, yet we hurt them badly; also silenced all the guns in the battery, except two, the first day. It was a nasty, rainy night. At daybreak on the 8th we advanced upon the enemy, the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts the advance guard. The artil- lery followed, supported by 12,000 in the rear. The rebels fell back to their intrenchuments, when they made a stand. The Twenty-fifth deployed. Our artillery took a position in the center on a line with the skirmishers, and kept it. Here I had my division on the right, while the left was partly under cover of trees. The enemny had a strong position, commanding the road, flanked on both sides of the swamp. Oar army came and dep~oyed right and left through the swamps, where they cut their way inch by inch. The fire was incessant on both sides from 9 a. in. until half-past 12, when the three companies of the Fifty- first New York and the Twenty-first Massachusetts charged on the left, and the Ninth New York in front. We followed close in on the INimmth with our artillery. The rebels then ramm in every direction, fol- lowed close by us. They tried to rally and make a stand, but our troops made a charge again, aimd caused a perfect roat. We followed them to Weirs Point Battery, where they surrendered unconditionally the whole island. Lieutenant Hughes was the first gun in the battery. We took 3,000 prisoners. There were about 8,000 rebels on the island, bat they escaped in steamers and schooners. We also captured thirty-one guns in five batteries. Our gun-boats have gone over to Elizabeth City, amid the army will follow in a day or two. Do mmot be sarprised if Com- pany B win laurels for themselves, and become an ornament to the regiment. It surely will, sir, if I can make it so. I am in hopes to joi Page 58 58 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. my regiment by the way of Norfolk in a short time. Please give my respects to all the officers. I hope to be with them again soon. I, very respectfully, remain, your obedient servant, CHARLES W. TJLLOTSON, Lienten~int, Commanding Company B, Union Coast Guard. Colonel WARBROp. [9.J MARCH 8, 1862.Naval engagement in Hampton Roads, Va. Report of Capt. William J. Miclntire, Ninety-ninth New York Infantry (Union Coast Guard). FORTRESS MONROE, VA., March 18, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report to you that with my company I was on board the U. S. frigate Congress in the fight with the iron-clad float- ing battery Merrimac or Virginia, on the 8th instant, off Newport News, Va. As you are aware, my company was detailed on the 13th of January last to make up the crew of the Congress, having that day paid off and discharged over 300 men; we remained on board practicing at the big guns until the 8th instant, at which time there was with me George L. Elder, second lieutenant, and eighty-seven enlisted men of my company; of the ships officers and men, there were two hundred and seventy-odd. About 1.30 p. in. on the 8th day of March, 1862, the Merrimac opened fire upon us with her two bow guns, and as she passed up the James River gave a broadside from four guns, to which we replied with our starboard battery and stern guns, as long as they would reach. The Merrimac after going up the river, just beyond our range, turned toward the sloop of war Cumberland, lying some 800 yard~ above us; after firing many raking shots into her (the C.) she (the M.) ran into the C.; then (lrawnmg off a short distance the M. renewed fire, and ran again into the C., when the latter commenced sinking rapidly, and very soon fell over on her beam ends; during this time the Merrimac was occasionally sending a shot into us, and engag- ing the shore battery, L Company, Fourth U. S. Artillery, which was actively firing upon her. Only our stern guns could be brought to bear on the M., and those endangering the C., we ceased firing; but before the Cumberland sank, the rebel steamers Jamestown, Yorktown, an da tug, which came in sight at the beginning of the action, had reached an effective position and were rapidly firing upon us, to which we gave aim almost constant answer with our ~starboard guns. When the Mer. runac was approaching the Cumberland, finding our ship would imot swing to her cable, we let it slip, set sail, and ran her agrouiid. The Merrimac, having sunk the 9umberland, was placed in a raking position toward us, about 100 yards from our stern, when she commenced a rapid and most destructive fire with shot and shell upon us, breakimig the muzzle on one and dismounting the other of our stern guns; it was only then our commander, Capt. William Smith, ordered our flag to be lowered. The rebel steamers continuing to fire upon us, we hoisted a white flag to the peak, when in a few minutes the rebel tug Beaufort came alongside; an officer boarded us, ordered die men ashore; said he would take officers and burn the ship, and seemed unwilling to wait for the wounded to be taken out; but, thank God, our troops on shore kept up such a galling fire upon his vessel that lie was forced to leave our decks and move his tug off in haste; when she left our side a short distance, notwithstanding our white flag, the Merrimac opened on us again with shot and shell, one shell bursting on our gun deck, killin Page 59 CHAP. LXIII.] NAVAL ENGAGEMENT IN HAMPTON ROADS, VA. 59 five or seven, it is said, but so many dead were lying around that it was impossible to tell which number was correct. About the time the rebel officers left our deck many of the men jumped overboard into the river, and some twenty-odd upon the Beaufort. The latter were the only prisoners taken. The ships boats being lowered, we commenced active operations to get the wounded and men on shore, and our exer- tions were not lessened by a knowledge among the officers that the fire was increasing immediately over the powder magazine (and then we could only hope to delay the first progress by covering the hatches, which was done), yet it was in the dusk of the evening wheu the officers left, the wounded and all the men having been sent on shore. During the whole of this terrible engagement my men behaved with admirable bravery and coolness, and though the ship was on fire several times in different places during the action, and the dead and wounded were falling everywhere, yet all orders were promptly obeye~, and every one kept at his post. Among such general good behavior it would seem difficult in justice to the rest to especially notice any one of my com- pany as most eminently active and useful, and yet the concurrent testi- mony of the ships officers and my own observation was that Second Lient. George L. Elder and Private John Reel displayed the coolest courage and greatest activity in fighting the ship, helping the wounded, and deserve to be particularly mentioned in this report. Previous to the approach of the Merrimac within rifle musket shot of us, Lieu- tenant Elder and myself were engaged in seeing that our men were at their posts, helping the wounded to the cockpit, passing water to extinguish the fire, and pulling on ropes to work the ship, whichever was most necessary. On the Merrimac nearing us, we carried muskets to the poop deck, and fired at her port holes. Being ordered from here on account of sharpshooters firing from the M., we descended to the captains cabin, and while firing from there, a shot passed through the cabin, killing our sailing master, Mr. Moore, on the quarter deck, and the splinters it made knocked a marine down and myself, wounded him very badly on the face and head, and throwing Lieutenant Elder against the bulkhead. I escaped with but a slight scratch on my wrist, and a bruise on my breast. 011 reaching the shore, Lieutenant Elder and myself started to find our wounded men, whom we saw in hospitals of the different regiments in Camp Butler, receiving every attention from the surgeons of the army. l)uring that night Corpl. Charles Tyman, who was badly wounded in the hip, died under the surgeons knife; the next day at noon we buried him and Lient. Joseph B. Smith and Quartermaster Leroy, of the U. S. Navy, with the honors of war, in the camp burial ground, all receiving their death wounds on tlz~e frigate Congress. The bodies of all killed, excepting those in this action, were probably burned that night in the ship, as her magazine exploded shortly after midnight. The next morning, finding the Monitor was fully a match for the Merrimac and was keeping her engaged two miles from us, I maimed two boats with twenty of my own men, amid made a three hours search, and found nothing worthy of a note. It now becomes my painful duty to add a list of the killed, missing, and wounded of my company.* All of which is respectfully submitted. Yours, obediently, WM. J. McINTJRE, Captain Company D, Ninety-ninth Regiment New York Volunteers. Col. D. W. WARDROP, Union Coast Guard, 99th Regt. New York 8tate Vols., [~~1 _______________ ______ Camp Hamilton, Va. Nominal list (omitted) shows 9 killed, 15 wounded, and 7 missing Page 60 60 MD., E. N. C., PA.~ VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. 1V[ARCH 9, 1862.Skirmish at Sangsters Station, Va. Report of Lieut. Col. Bradley T. Johnson, First Jlfaryland Infantry (Confederate). MARCH 12, 1862. GENERAL: On Sunday, March 9, by your order, I, with a detail from the First Maryland Regiment, relieved Lieutenant-Colonel Walkei-, of the Thirteenth Virginia, at outpost No. 2. Immediately upon reach- ing the post I began to place the men under my command upon the hue theretofore established. I posted thirty-four men of Company I, Lieu- tenant Mitchell, at Mrs. Butlers house on the east of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad; forty eight riflemen of Company F, Lieutenant ilough, at the post to the right of Fords house and left of the railroad; twenty-eight riflemen of Companies A and B, Lieutenants Shelhunan and Costello, ~t the church on the hill to the left of Fords house, and thirty-six men of Company II, Captain Murray, at the reserve. Hav- ing reported before to General Stenart, commanding outposts, the extreme weakness of the position in consequence of the inability of the sentinel on the right flank to see an approaching enemy, who would be masked by intervening hills until within fifty yards of the line of sentinels, which rendered the right flank liable at any time to be turned and the enemy to get in the rear of the reserve before being observed, I had obtained his permission to change the line to protect us from this danger as far as possible, which, however, would only be J)artial. I started to go to the outsentinel to select a position for a picket, when Imet Lieutenant-Colonel Walker, who had just brought in his men from the church, who told me some cavalry vedettes had just passe(l, and informed him that they had been driven in from my front by the enemy, who was advancimig in force. I instantly ordered the sentinels to be drawn in, and while doing so his flankers amid line of skirmishers appeared within a short distance of where I then was. I then hastened to F Company, and ordered Lieutenant Hough to fall back to the road, behind Fords house, leading to the railroad to protect my rear, sent by courier to Lieutenants Shellman and Costello to bring their men in, having before by courier ordered Captain Murray up to the rear of Fords house, which order was not received by him, and I sent again, ordering him up. When I rode up on the hill toward the church a regi- ment in line of battle was advancing up the hollow from Sangsters Cross-Roads, a company of cavalry was charging on F Company, which was retiring in disorder across an open field in the direction I had ordered, and another company of cavalry was sweeping around the hill toward the church. Lieutenants Sheilman and Costello brought their men down to the hollow behind Fords house, where I united them with Captain Murrays, and being then informed that a large body of iiifan- try were moving down the railroad between me and my first post, I moved rapidly in that direction, when the cavalry appeared (hireetly between me and theroad to the railroad. I gave them a volley, which drove them back, and gained the timber, and then by the road through it, got t9 Lieutenant Mitchells post. Just below it was Lieutenant- Colonel Walker, who had on heaving told me he would hold that posi- tion to keep open communication with our rear. I then deployed H Company as skirmishers along the line of the railroad to the right, in front of Lieutenant Mitchells original post. He formed my men on the left of it, while LieutenantColonel Walker held a position on the right. Here we remained for some time, until Lieutenant-Colonel Walke Page 61 CHAP. LXIII.] OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 61 received orders froni Colonel Hill to return to camp, which he did, and I fell back a few hundred yards to a bridge to prevent my being flanked from the Union Mills Ford road, where I remaiiied until late in the after- noon. Then receiving General Steuarts order to return to Union Mills Ford and report to Colonel Robertson, 1 did so, burning the railroad bridge and reaching there about dark, and was ordered by him to hold that ford, which I did until 12 oclock that night, when I was relieved by Lieutenant-Colonel Nicholls, of the Eighth Louisiana, and ordered to my regiment. I have lost thirteen men missing, some of whom I still hope to hear from. They are all of Company F, which being armed with rifles, without bayonets, made an ineffectual defense against a cavalry charge; four of theiu were killed or badly wounded and nine are still missing. Lieut. Joseph H. Stewart, of Company 1~~,is also missing, and has been taken, I expect. When last seen he was fighting gallantly, having killed a trooper who was charging him. Private Nolan first shot a man who was riding at him, then with his clubbed rifle broke the fore- legs of the horse of the next trooper, and was then cut down. The enemys loss was certainly, I think, seveii men killed or wounded besides losing several horses. There were two troops of cavalry and two regi- ments of infantry, one of which was deployed to the east and right of the railroad, while the other advanced in line of battle on Fords house. In the face of this force I held my right post until ordered back, though then within 500 or (500 yards of him. BRADLEY T. JOHNSON, Lieutenant- Colonel, (Jomdg. Detachment First Maryland Regiment. General ARNOLD ELZEY, Commanding Fourth Brigade, Army of the Potomac. [5.] MARCH 10JUNE 22, 1862.Operations in Northern Virginia. Journal of events in the commands of General Irvin McDowell, U. S. Army.* Monday, March 10, 1862.The divisiou headquarters left Arlington at about 8 oclock and took up line of march. The forenoon was rainy. Arrived at camping ground about 6 oclock, one mile and a half beyond Fairfax Court- House, on Mrs. Cockerells place. Nothing of importance transpired. Went to Centerville (General MeD. and staff). Saw a very long and well-placed line of fortifications the enemy had thrown up and abandoned Saturday and Sunday. Tuesday, March 11, 1862.Pitched the temits and arranged the office. General McClellan and staff, General McDowell and staff General Porter and staff, Generals Barnard, Smith, Franklin, and Stone- man, & c., went to Centerville and Manassas, escorted by General Cookes cavalry and Colonel Davies cavalry. Found no enemy. They had evidently left in haste, leaving tents, clothing, the railroad, and other property. We came back over the battle-field of Bull Run found the Stone Bridge broken. We went by Blackburns or rather Mitchells Ford; roads terrible. Colonel Davies cavalry went ahead from Cemi- terville, General Cooke having got on the wrong road and not coming up until we reached Manassas. Lieutenant Abbot and a party went up to Sudley Springs to see if the cavalry could get forage; found only * Kept in the office of the assistant adjutant-general at McDowells headquarters Page 62 62 MD., E.N.C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. 100 bushels of corn. General McClellan concluded it was not enough to answer. We all took a lunch at Manassas, and our lunch basket proved a godsend to a good many hungry people, among others Gen- eral McClellan. We found houses (that is cantonments) for rebel sol- diers. They must have had a very large force there; probably it came fully up to our estimate. They have burnt most of the town. Sent several letters by two messengers to the city. Got forage for head- quarters from Burkes Station, though most of the division did not have any. Went by measurement and estimate on map thirty-five miles. Signal corps, commanded by Lieutenant Russell, reported this day. Wednesday, March 12.General McDowell at General McClellans headquarters almost all day. Ambulance train came np this morning in charge of Mr. Stokes; also a forage train bringing 25,000 pounds of grain and 8,000 pounds of hay. There was a great deal of difficulty in getting suJ)plies. 1~Io arrangement seems to have been niade to meet the emergencies. Had my horse botched up at Captain Monroes bat- tery, but the shoes were not worth much, and the horse I fear will be lame for some time. Found that we had no spades. Thnrsday,March 13.Governor Dennison, of Ohio, staid with us last night. General MeD. went to General McClellans headijuarters in the morning and then to the city. While gone he was relieved from the command of the division and General King appointed in his place. Major Whipple left us yesterday and went to General McClellan. He went with General Stoneman on a reconnaissance to find the rebels this morning. Comstock, MeAlester, and Merrill stopped on the way to Centerville. Friday, March 14.The books and papers belonging to the assistant adjutant-generals office were turned over to Captain Chandler, assist- ant adjutant-general of Kings division. General McDowell returned from Washington about 3 oclock and gave orders to strike tents and go back with the train to Arlington to stay over night and await orders. The train was much delayed by a large body of troops in front on the Little River turnpike, who were evidently stopping. The train reached Arlington about 1 a. m. March 15. It rained most of the march. The general and staff went direct to Washington. March 15.General and staff staid in Wasliiington all day, most of the time at General Williams headquarters. First report of corps darm6e made to-day for this corps, taken from reports of March 1, 4, and 6. Obtained from the War Department the books for the new corps. Major Brown was sent across the river to tell McCalls division to halt and camp for the night at the best place they could find for shelter. The day was mostly appropriated to providing all necessary articles to take on the march. Terrible rain all day. Kings division took up the line of march from their old camp in the vicinity of Fairfax Court- House. About 9 a. m. Lieutenant Wadsworth went to see them and tell them to take up the line of march to Alexandria. He met General King on the Columbia turnpike beyond Baileys Cross-Roads. Augurs brigade went to Alexandria and was then ordered back to Uptons Hill, having nothing but mud to camp in and no wood. McCall was ordered to encamp where he was, beyond Falls Church, he having got into the mud. Applied to Colonel Macomb and got the promise of bal- loons to be delivered in Alexandria Monday. Colonel Schriver pre- pared his first official act to-day in regar(l to McCalls division, as chief of staff. March 16.Heard that Kings, Augurs, and Wadsworths brigades had gone back to their old camps to quarter until they should be ordered again to move. No business trausacted at the office during the day Page 63 63 CHAP. LXIII.] OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. March 17.Got an order for stationery and got it filled. At 11.30 a. in. ordcrs were given to have all the office furniture brought to headquarters at Washington. Clerks ordered to report for duty there also. Got a hand press from General Williams from the seminary. Office was arranged, and routine of business commenced about 4 p. m. March 18.At 9 a. in. orders were given to pack up to niove the headquarters to seminary. Telegraphed to Arlington to have all the things there loaded and train go immediately to seminary. Left Wash- ington about 2 oclock with wagon with officers things and proceeded to seuiinary via Alexandria, where we arrived about 6 oclock. We then halted for awhile and from there we moved about a mile north of the seminary, where we encamped for the night. The staff arrived about 8 oclock. General MeD. did not come. The encampment is on the estate of Mr. C. F. Lee, cousin of General Lee in the rebel army. The divis- ions were concentrated about the seminary. March 19.Pitched tents and arranged the office. Orders were sent out for morning reports to be sent in daily until next Monday. Col- onel Murphys regiment and Colonel Stuarts regiment came over to-day but did not bring their trains and bridge apparatus. The people liv- ing in the house were ordered out into the [sic] to be out to-morrow. Dronillard went to town and got some mess stores and came home in the evening. General Franklins division was reviewed by Generals McClel- lan and McDowell in the afternoon. Commenced raining during the evening. March 20.Office was removed from the tent into the hom~se. A very rainy and disagreeable day. Orderly Clark was sent to Alexandria hospital. A morning report was received from the entire command except signal corps. General McD. staid all night in the city. Maley sick. Six orderlies from General McCalls and four from General Franklins division reported for duty at these headquarters. Gem~ eral and staff quartered in the house; also the clerks. March 21.Maley quite sick. Still storming and disagreeable. March 22.Sent a requisition to Arlington for forage, four wagons, sixteen horses, tents, & c. Wagons and horses were not drawn. Orderly with wagon was sent to town to get type and other materials for the printing office; also for things for a number of the staff. Wagon got back about 8 oclock with the things. General Hatch reported for duty. General McDowell was at headquarters most of the day and went to Washington in the evening. March 23.Sent an orderly to town with wagon to get some things for general and staff mess. General not here during the day. Captain Barstow went to Alexandria to .get some more wagons and teams. Captain Breck went to Washington in the afternoomi. The weekly report of the corps was made out and sent to the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac. March 24.General McDowell returned from Washington about 2 oclock. Captain Breck returned about the same time. Hoagland went to Washington on business amid brought the mail, leaving orders for mail to be sent with General McClellans. General Kearnys bri- gade, of Franklins division, was reviewed by General McDowell in the afternoon. March 25.Teams were sent to Arlington after tents, & g., in the morning. The carriage team, while standing in front of the house, took fright by the repom-t of artillery and ran away, smashing the car- riage. General McDowell went to Washington and returned about 12.30 p. m. A grand review of the whole corps took place in the after Page 64 64 MD,, E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. noon. All the staff attended with General MeD. Lieutenant Whitte- more, or(lnance officer, reported for duty. March 2G.The weather still holds good. General MeD. went to headquarters about 11 oclock, and from there to Washington. A iium- ber of horses were sent to Arlington to be shod. Mains got back from Washingtoii with a new horse for Captain Breck. General Orders, No. 2, from these headqnarters, were printed and circulated to the divisions in the corps. Heard the troops were being embarked as rap. idly as possible. Captain Breck took a ride in the afternoon; was gone abont an hour and a halt~ Lieutenants Dronillard and Whitteinore went to town; also Doctor Magruder and Captain Barstow went to Alexandria to see about flags, & c. March 27.A beautiful spring day. Invitations were sent out early this morning to all the brigadiers ot the corps to luiich with the gen- eral commanding and Lord Lyons, with a number of officers of the English Guards, at 1 oclock. A review of Generals Franklins and Kings divisions took place at 2.30 oclock, and the troops were compli- mented highly by Lord Lyons and his guests, remarking that some of them were equal to the best of the English army in appearance and drill. The Misses Chase, with Mrs. McDowell, attended the review. After the review the general went to Washington with Mrs. McDowell and guests. A complimentary order was ordered to be issued to the troops to-morrow. March 2g.The weather still fine. General McDowell returned from Washington about 2 p. m. The general routine of business transacted as usual. A roster of aides-de-camp for daily and weekly duty with the general was made out. General Hatch was transferred, by order from headquarters Army of the Potomac, to General Banks command. March 29.The morning was cloudy and about noon it commenced snowing and continued till dark. General McDowell was here through- out the day. Major Brown and Lieutenant Wadsworth went to Wash- ington. An order from headquarters relieving Colonel Ingalls from duty on this staff was received. An orderly, with wagon, went to town for five reams unruled note paper for printing purposes, and sundry other things. Mail was brought from Washington by Hoagland about 1.30 p. m. for these headquarters. March 30.The snow commenced thawing early in the day. It rained occasionally throughout the day. About dark there was quite a thun- der shower with vivid lightning. General MeD. remained at the office all day. Captain Breck went to Washington in the afternoon. The weekly report was sent in about 6 p. m. March 31.This morning it cleared away and the sun came out. General McDowell went to Alexai;dria about 12 in., in company with General Kearny. Lieutenants Dronillard and Cutting went to Wash- ington in time afternoon. Captain Breck and Lieutenant Wadsworth returned from Washington about 3 ~ in.; Major Browmm and Lieutenant Cutting in the evening. Captain Sanderson arrived with his baggage, bringing his French cook with him. April 1.A very pleasant day. General McDowell went to Wash- ington about 11 a. mu. Major Whipple reported by telegraph from Washington for duty. Notice of General Van Rensselaer being relieved from time duty he was assigimed was received headquarters Army of the Potomac. General McClellan and staff left Alexandria and went down the Potomac about 5 p. m. Captaimi Sanderson went to Washington to see about transportation of commissary stores. Captain Breck sent to town for a horse, also for a imumber of different blank returns Page 65 CHAP. LXIII.] OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 65 April 2.Weather cloudy during the day. General McD. all day at Washington. Major Whipple reported himself detached. April 3.This is a beautiful day. General McDowell staid in town all night. He telegraphed during the night to Colonel Schriver, Major Brown, and Lieutenant Cutting to meet him at Willards Hotel at 10 oclock this morning; also for all the division commanders to be there at the saute time. General McDowell expected to go to Fort Monroe in tlic afternoon, but did not. Colonel ~chriver arrived from town about 7.30 p. m. Orders wcre issued for Franklins division to be thrown forward to Warrenton Junction or beyond to relieve General Sumners corps. A change in the programme was made in Washingtona department to consist of the First Corps and Banks corps. It was reported that General McClellan had 100,000 troops at Fortress Mon. roe; that they were very much cramped for room. Lieutenant Babbitt staid with us all night~. April 4.Part of Franklins division moved forward this morning. Orders were given General King to move with his division as far as Annandale to-day, and from there forward to Bristoe as soon as possi- ble. The Engineer Brigade, of Franklins division, went by railroad. General McDowell came from town about (3 p. in., also Captains Barstow, Sanderson, Major Brown, and Lieutenant Cutting. Doctor Magruder and Lieutenant Dronillard went to Washington. Doctor returned about S p. in. He reported that the Surgeon-General was sent to Bos- ton, I o Fort Monroe, or some other fort. The doctors ambulances arrived about 5 p. m. Orders front the Secretary of War were received, forming a new department to be known as the Department of the Hap- pahannock, to be commanded by Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell; also returning to General McDowells command Colonel Bayards regiment of cavalry. April 5.During the fore part of the day it was quite rainy and dis- agreeable. General McDowell remained here until about 2 p. in., when he and Major Brown went to Washington. The generals new carriage arrived to-day with a four-horse team (dappled grays). Mr. Paine, with his men, arrive(1 about 5.30 p. in. to make this their headquarters. April 6.A beautiful sunshiny day. Colonel Schriver went to Washington in the carriage this morning. Captain Sanderson, Lien- tenants Whittemore, Cutting, and Dronillard went to Washington. Lieutenant Dronillard returned in the afternoon, also Colonel Schriver. Afterward Captain Breck went to Washington to remain over night. A telegram from General King was received from Bristoe, stating that there was no forage and no rations there except 128,000 pounds bacon. Three Englishmen came out to lunch, also Colonel Bayard. April 7.A snow-storm commenced about 1 p. m. and continued throughout the day. Captain Breck arrived from Washington about 4p, m. Lieutenants Whittemore, Dronillard, and Cutting returned from Washington about 4 p. m. A telegraph from General Abereroinbie stated he made a reconnaissance to the IRappahannock and discovered the enemy throwing up intrenchments and rifle-pits commanding the fords. General McDowell remained in Washington all day. April 8.The snow-storm of yesterday turned to rain this morning. One wagon was sent to Washington to get some things for the officers. General McDowell arrived front Washington about 12.30 p. in., and gave orders for McCalls division to move to Manassas to-morrow, infantry by rail and cavalry and artillery via Fairfax and Centerville; headquarters to be all ready to move also in the morning. General McDowell returned to Washington after stoppimtg here an hour. 5 R HVOL LI, PT Page 66 66 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., F~CEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. Lxiii. April 9.Still raining and very cold. Genera] telegraphed from Washington to be ready to move at 11 oclock. He arrived about the same time the telegraph was received. Commenced loading about ii a. m. The train started for Fairfax about 3 p. m. One wagon upset near the seminary, with iloagland in. Another wagon, carrying the provisions and two French cooks, upset near Little River turnpike. No one hurt. The last wagon npset again on the Little River turnpike. A terrible snow-storm prevailed the entire march. Arrived at Fairfax about 8 p. m. and stopped at th~ ladies seminary. The general and Colonel Schriver stopped at Mrs. Fords. April 10.We packed np again this morning as soon as all had breakfast and commenced the march about 9 a. m. It cleared away about 11 a. in., when it commenced thawing very fast. The roads were very fair nutil after passing Cen terville, when we had very bad and rough roads, a considerable of theni corduroy style. Reached Mamiassas about 3.30 p. m. We kept on, intending to make Bristoe, but found the river at Broad Run too deep to cross. Encamped for the night near General Franklins headquarters on a Mr. Leachmans farm. Platts and Hexamers batteries also encamped near the ford. Heard that General McClellan had commenced operations on Yorktown with his artillery. April 11.This morning after breakfast pulled up stakes, about 9 a. in., and started for Catletts Station. Had no difficulty in crossing Milford Ford this morning, water being just up to the bottom of the wagon bodies. After arriving at Catletts Station, heard that Frank- lins division had been ordered back to Alexandria to go down the Potomac. News of the battle and victory at Corinth, Miss., was received to-day. The road most of the march to.day was vety heavy. Forded streams some three or four times. Encamped for the night about half a mile west of Catletts Station on Mr. Quezenberrys farm, a beautiful location, which we arrived at about 5 p. m. At 3.15 p. m. a telegraph from the War Department was received, ordering General Franklins division back to Alexandria, to embark and go down the river to join General McClellans command. The newspa- pers received this morning stated that General McClellan had taken Yorktown. Kearnys brigade started back at 5 p. in. on foot, Slocums during the night on the cars; Newtons on the way up was turned back before it reached Catletts Station. Doctor Shuman, having refused to give us quarters, was ordered to give up his house for a hospital. April 12.Last night Doctor Magruders horse, with two horses of the ambulance wagon, broke loose and were not to be found this morn- ing. After taking breakfast, loaded up again and started for the other side of the railroad, about 10a.m. Arrived, after considerable delay at the camping round, about 12 m. Pitched tents and put up the office in a house adjoining Mr. Marks. Major Ray, of Colonel Bayards regiment, came and reported that last night 500 of the enemys cavalry in Warrenton were picketed four muiles this side of Warrenton on the road by Saint Stephens Church. They did not go to Warrenton but saw it. They brought in the negro George Smith, who gave some information. The Nineteenth Indiana and Second Wisconsin came up to day.to guard the road. Colonel Bayard is camped opposmte us near the Cedar Run Creek. The general and staff went to Warrenton Junc- tion and saw General Abererombie. Cedar Run is fordable, but the bottom is bad and rocky. Wagons cross, however, in sevei~l places Page 67 CHAP. LXIII.] OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 437 The railroad is torn up and the rails badly used up. A man was badly hurt by a heavy stick of timber falling upon him at the bridge that is building over Cedar Run. Six orderlies from Colonel Bayards cavalry, this evening. Colonel Macoinb reported for duty, bringing two wagons. Twelve at dinner this eveningGeneral McDowell, General Van Rensselaer, Colonel Macomb, Colonel Schriver, Major Brown, Doctor Magruder, Captain Jz3reck, Captain Sanderson, Captain Barstow, Lieu- tenant Whittemore, Lieutenant Dronillard, and Lieutenant Cutting. Captain Myers reported by letter that he was sick at Willards and would join as soon as he could. April 13.It being Sunday, there was not much done except that which was really necessary. During the morning the general reviewed Colonel Bayards regiment of cavalry. The Sixth aud Seventh Wis- consin came up from Bristoc this morning and encamped on the opposite [side] of the railroad, near Cedar Run. Part of Colonel Davies Second New York Cavalry arrived in the afternoon and encamped about a quarter of a mile east of these headquarters. A number of contrabands came in and gave some information. They said the railroad was torn up part of the way from the south side of the Rappahannock. The most of the rebels had left Fredericksburg, and many had left from the rebels on the other side of the Rappahannock. Colonel Bayards regi- ment started for Fredericksburg about 5 p. in. A rebel soldier from the Twenty-fifth Mississippi came in to-day and gave himself up. General McDowell and Lieutenant Cutting went to Washington about 7 p. m. Colonel MeCallum came out to day to superintend the building of the railroad. April 14.Lieutenant Wadsworth arrived from Washington during the night. During the morning it had the appearance of rain but passed over. General McDowell telegraphed from Washington to sus- pend operations on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad and to make the bridge available for wagons to pass over, but to push forward repairs on the Manassas Gap Railroad as fast as possible; also to place all the disposable force of railroad workmen upon that railroad. Col- onel Bayards regiment returned this afternoon, bringing in a prisoner and his horse, of the rebel pickets, which they found stationed fourteen miles from here. The regiment drove in the pickets of the enemy about three miles. The enemys troops were mostly militia. A squadron of Colonel Davies regiment was ordered to l)icket the road leading to Fredericksburg. They went under the command of Colonel Kilpatrick, Colonel Davies being absent. An order from the Adjutant-General, relieving Lieutenant Whittemore from duty here, was received and ordering him to report for duty to the Chief of Ordnance in person. Quite a number of contrabands caine in to-day. April 15.The weekly report of last Saturday was made out to-day. Lieutenant Whittemore left for Washington this morning. General McDowell telegraphed he would leave for this place about 10 p. m. General Augurs brjgade was ordered here from Bristoe by General MeD. direct. They arrived here about 8.30 p. in., and camped east of headquarters about a quarter of a mile. General Augur came and reported. Captain Barstow made a temporary office at the station to-day for quartermasters purposes. The mail from Washington arrived about 8.30 a. in. Sergeant Wood went down with the mail to-day. General McDowell telegraphed to order up General Augur from Bristoe to Catletts Station (where we are), and to have him and a battery start t& morrow morning with three days rations (cooked). General Augur Page 68 68 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. wagons did not get up during the night, except four; the rest stuck in the mud. Miss Delaplaine came up with a gentlemau and talked a good deal about her troubles at Richlaud Mills~ like a steam engine. staid aii hour and talked April 16.General McDowell, also Captain Myers and Lieutenant Cutting, arrived from Washington about 3 p. in. Stragglers from General Augurs brigade were arriving during the morning. General ~ brigade came up from Bristoe this afternoon about 4 oclock and went into camp about two miles west of these headquarters, near Mr. Quezenberrys. General Kings headqnarters caine up this after- noon from Bristoc and were established at Mr. Quezenberrys. Orders were received for General Angur~5 brigade to march in the morning toward Fredericksburg with a battery of artillery (Captaiu Gibbons) and one section of Captaiu Gerrishs. They take three days cooked rations in haversacks and three days hard bread in wagons, and beef on hoof. Taber went into town with the mail. The guard stole Lieu. tenant D[rouillardjs demijohn of whisky. The original plan was altered and General Augur waits until to-morrow, when he will be fully prepared. Doctor Ranch, General Augur, and Captain Wood- ruff staid with us during the night; Mr. Cutting staid with the Herald correspondent. The bridge over Cedar Run was finished, except laying down the rails. The Second Wisconsin guarded the railroad from Bristoe up. April 17.Gen& ral Augur~s brigade, with sixteen companies of Davies and Bayards cavalry, also Gibbons battery, and one section of Ger- rishs battery, started for Fredericksburg this morning about 7 oclock. Orders were given for a wagon bridge to be completed over Cedar Run, commenced by General Kearny, also for a fatigue party to be at the depot each day to report to Mr. Merrill. Word was sent to General Abercrombie this morning about the movement of General Augur. Orders were sent to General Augur to attack the enemy wherever he found him, and try and save the bridges crossing the Rappahannock and to keep the men from marauding and straggling. General McDow- ell went to Washington this morning; Lieutenant Wadsworth and Lieutenant Houston went with him. Lieutenant Dronillard accompa- nied General Augur, also Mr. Paine. The balloon for this department arrived this morningLa Mountains Atlantic. Part of the staff were present at a very pleasant concert this evening at General Kings. Everything was sung except The Arkansas Traveler. April 18.General Patricks brigade moved forward toward Freder- icksburg this morning. The day was very warm and toward sundown a heavy shower passed around to the south. During the morning cannonading was heard in the direction of Warrenton for some time. In the morning, it being so warm, the officers all took a nap and left the office quite vacant. Captain ~Scheetz came in about 7 p. m. and reported that General McCalls division came up and were in camp about half a mile oft; and that the headquarters of the division were on the righthand side of the railroad, about half a mile from Catletts Station. Captaimi Sanderson got seventy-five loaves of bread for the staff; and C ptain Barstow a barrel of lager. The Eleventh Peunsyl- vania, as soon as it reported ~to General McCall, was detailed as a guard of the Manassas Gal) Railroad. It reported to him to-day. Captain Sanderson went to Mr. Greens house and had buttermilk and sherry for entertainment. Nothing heard yet from Augur. General Abererombie made a reconnaissance in force to the river to-day. Presume the firing heard was his command engaging the enemy Page 69 CHAP. LXIII.] OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 69 April 19.A report was received from General Augur, stating that he found the enemy about eighteen miles from here, and was defeated in capturing their pickets by a little girl giving the alarm to them by signaling. Reports he sent the Harris Cavalry and one battalion of Bayards regiment to capture a party of the enemys cavalry, and in the skirmish Colonel Kilpatrick was wounded in the knee. Lieutenant Decker was killed. Captured all their forage, several horses, and took three prisoners, when, it being quite dark, halted to rest for some hours. lie also learned that the bridges were prepared for burning some days ago, and on his arrival in Falmouth they were on fire. Saw no large force of the enemy. Also reports that the scout Britton was wounded in the leg. Captain Musser reported for (luty as commissary at the depot. The following is a list of the killed and wounded in the Harris and Bayards cavalry, while advancing on Fredericksburg: Company M, Bayards, 3 killed and 7 wounded; Lieutenant Leaf slightly injured: Company F, 1 wounded. Harris Cavalry had 4 killed and 7 wounded. Total killed, 7; total wounded, 14. April 19.General McDowell at Aquia Creek to-day; heard nothing from him. General Abererombie sent in an incoiuplete report of a scout he made last night dowu to the liappahannock, and au unsuc- cessful attempt wa~ made to capture two ladies named Drummond. A guard of two men from Colonel Bayards cavalry was sent to protect them, at the request of a Mr. Green and two other gentlemen who name down to headquarters to see about it. Pearcy, the or(lerly,~.eame home about 7 oclock this morning. He went down to Falmouth and saw the bridges on fire. Capt. F. Haven arrived this morning and reported for duty as aide. Captain Musser, coin mnissary of subsistence for depot, rcpovted for duty. ILril 20.A rainy day. A contraband came in who belonged to a I maim named Combs, who reported that Combs went to Fredericksburg on We(lnesday and reported that our troops were coming and to tell them to burn the bridges. His brother, David Combs, was taken prisoner April 14, and sent to Washington. Both claim to be Union, but the contraband says they were strong secesh before the Union troops caine. Colonel Campbells regiment of cavalry reported this morning as being about a mnmle and a half down the railroad. His regi- nient was assigned to McCalls division, and he was ordered to report to him for instructions. Marvin was sent to Alexandria on business for Captain Willard, and with the mail to Washington. Telegraph did not work during the early part of the day. April 21.Orders were given this morning to pack up to be ready to march at the earliest possible moment. The train got started about 9 a. in. There was considerable delay occasioned by waiting for the wagon that went to the depot for rations and forage. We traveled about seventeen miles to-day, finding very bad rOa(15 in some places, nd by the rain of the past two days and to-day found some of the fords very high. Elk Ruu Ford was very steep and (leep, amid a wagon belonging to the Second Wisconsin upset in entering it, which obstructed the ford so that two of our wagons could not cross and did not arrive at our emmcamnpment at Mrs. Itameys. The officers occupied the large room in the house. During the afternoon the rain came down in tor- rents for about two hours. We forded three runsCedar, Elk, and Town Runsbesides a number of small streams. During the night the kitchen chimney caught fire and the old lady was frightened very much. The teamsters broke into her corn amid took eight barrels, and the cavalry and teamsters took fourteen bushels of oats, for whic Page 70 70 MD., E. N. C.~ PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W:, & W. VA. rCHAP. LXIII. Captain Breck gave a receipt. Part of the cavalry escort, in charge of Sergeant Burnham, left during the night without leave or authority and against the wishes of Lieutenant G-riggs, the commanding officer. About 2.15 we stepped at a house ten miles from Catletts to wait for the wagons to come up. We waited about two hours arid got a very nice dinner, such as it was. The infantry had a terrible time plodding along through the mud. It was said that they did not cross Cedar Run. April 22.After breakfast we loaded up and got an early start, about 7.15 a. in. It cleared oft during the iiight. The roads were pretty heavy for the first two or three miles. The train arrived at Falmouth about 1.30 p. in., and on the camping ground at Mr. Lacys farm, opposite Fredericksburg, about 4 p. in. About four miles from Falmouth we found the scene of Bayards fight. The remains of the barricade were still standing and we counted eleven dead horses. We found that General McDowell had been at Falmouth and made some arrangements, and left this morning to go to Belle Plain to see if the old stage road was practicable for a line of communication. The rail- road was destroyed and it will take some time to rebuild it. The bridges were all burned down except a few spans of the upper one, whfch our people managed to save. General McDowell took Bayard over to Aquia to see the President, and he, so it is said, nominated him and Captain Gibbon for brigadiers. This was on the 20th, Sunday. April 23.A beautiful day. General King arrived and established his headquarters on the hill where General Patrick was. Also Colonel Cutlers brigade arrived. Marvin went to Washington with the mail, via Aquia Creek. General McDowell (lid not come back to-(lay. Lieutenant Houston had the river measured to-day to see if it was fordable in the vicinity of the bridges. Sergeant Wirtli and iloagland sick. April 24.Had a sprinkling of rain and snow this morning, which soon turned to rain. General McDowell was at Belle Plain this even- ing and seut word to the staff to meet him at Aquia Creek. The staff, with the exception of General Van Rensselaer, Major Brown, and Captain Willard, went, taking three wagons. The office, with the clerks and five orderlies, also quartermasters clerks, commissary clerks, were left behind. The staff got started about 11 oclock. The rain continued throughout the day. The staff camped at Iledgmans house, two miles and a half from Aquia Creek, on the railroad. April 25.It was still raining this morning, with a fair prospect of keeping at it all day, which it did by intervals. Two gunboats, with two steam-boats and some other craft, arrived and anchored down the river near the railroad bridge. The orderly sent from Aquia Creek with dispatches lost his horse and equipments in trying to ford the Potomac Run, and came from there to these headquarters in his stocking feet. He said his horse got back to the shore on the other side of the run, and that there were some cavalrymen there who said they would take him home to the headquarters at Aquia Creek. General MeD. sent for his horse in these dispatches by another route. He sent for Mr. Paine to meet him at Belle Plain as soon as possible, and for him to go from there to Aquia Creek. Also in these dispatches there was an order to have all officers not belonging to his staff leave the Lacy house and take their horses from the stables, if there were any occupy- ing any rooms. About dark a guard from Colonel Wyndhams cavalry brought in the prisoners captured down the river, 5 on this side and 5 on the other side, whom they caught while sleeping at their~ posts -No %- Page 71 CHAP. LXIII.] OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 71 news from General McCalls division as yet. Last night signal rockets were seen; appeared to be about three miles back of Fredericksburg. April 26.-The day was cool and cloudy, but the clouds broke away before sunset. Major Brown and Captain Willard went to Aqnia Creek this morning. Captain Willard took a wagon with him, the generals tents, August, with two of the generals horses, and an orderly. Major Brown returned this evening. Rebel pickets on the other side of the river were seen from near the railroad bridge. April 27.This day has been a beautiful one. Captain Willard returned from Aquia Creek about 7.30 a. m. A wagon with three tents and some of the officers luggage was sent to Aquia this morning. An orderly was sent with it. Captain Sandersons clerk went to Aquia this morning. The band of the Twenty-first Regiment came and played jnst at sundown in front of the house a number of pieces. April 28.Orders were received this morning to remove all the things over to Aquia Creek. Got the wagons all loaded and started about 2.30 a. in. ~sic. The clerks went by the way of the railroad and arrived at the headquarters about 6 p. m. The wagons did not arrive up to 10 oclock, and it was thought they had stopped for the night on the road. Major Brown came and General Van Rensselaer staid back until to-morrow. April 29.The train arrived shortly after daylight this morning. After dark last night two wagons upset, and as the road was so rough they stopped and camped for the night within half a mile of these head- quarters. The general was rather unwell this morning, but went to the landing during the day. General Van Rensselaer and Captain Wil- lard went to Washington. Captain Barstow was on special duty to-day down at the railroad. Lieutenant Wadsworth relieved him to-night. General McCall arrived at Falmouth (Meades brigade) to-day, leaving Ords, Bayard, and the cavalry and artillery at Catletts. A. L. Cox, brigade surgeon, staid with us this night and Doctor Thom last night. Captain Willard was relieved from duty as acting assistant quarter- master by Captain Haven. Captain Willard went to Washiiigton. April 30.Just after sunrise it commenced to cloud over, and about 12 m. it commenced to rain, which continued at intervals during the remainder of the day and evening. General Franklins report for March was received to-day. The countersigns were sent out to-day for the following week. Major Bannister came this afternoon and paid off the staff and the enlisted men who had their descriptive lists. General McDowell went to Aquia and thence to Fredericksburg with some Englishmen. Colonel Haupt and Mr. Brayton were at work on the railroad. The track was laid with rails about a mile from Aquia. The rails fell short at night. The men at the railroad were at work building the railroad, cutting ties, laying rails, & c. Major Bannister came and staid this afternoon. General McDowell went over to Fred- ericksburg with some Englishmen, viz, Lord Frederick Paulet, com- manding garrison at Montreal; Lieutenant-Colonel Conolly, department adjatant-gefleral, C. B. Scotts Fusilier Guards; Colonel Stephenson, C. B. Scotts Fusilier Guards; Captain Clayton, Grenadier Guards; Captain Seymour, Coldstream Guards, aide-de-camp to major-general. General McCall reported his arrival at or near Falmouth, about one mile north, with his First and Second Brigades, leaving at Catletts his Third Brig~ide (Ords), the artillery and cavalry, also Bayards compa- nies of cavalry. May 1.Capt. Henry B. Blood, assistant quartermaster, reported for railroad duty and was sent over to Colonel Haupt. It was by order of the Secretary of War that he reported to Colonel Haupt. The railroa Page 72 72 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXJII. was complete to withuit a mile of headquarters (Hedgmans house). The aides-de-camp had charge of the railroad to assist Colonel ilaupt, Barstow and Brown in particular. The great tronble to-day has been the want of railroad iron. The mudsills of thc bridge over Accokeek Creek were finished and laid to-day ready for the trestle-work. The bridge now waits for the railroad. Captain Willard returned from Washington to-day. Forty oxen with yokes and log chahis are at Aquia Creek. It was raining most of the day. General McDowell returned this evening from Fredericksburg. Jlfay 2.The clouds broke away to-day about ii a. in., and the sun came out very warm. Lieutenant Dronillard went to Washington by the boat. General McDowell went to the landing about noon. The officers mess split this morning and started three messes. Sergeant Wirth had his furlough approved for two weeks; he went to Washing- ton by the boat. Had quite a thunder shower about 6 p. m. Prepara- tions are being made to move headquarters in the morning. The gen- eral went about noon to Aquia Creek and spent most of the time there. May 3.Headquarters moved this morning at 8.15. A number of the train were stalled on the road, which delayed the march, and the train did not arrive at the Lacy House, opposite Fredericksburg, until about 5.30 p. m. Some of the wagons did not arrive until after dark. General McDowell and staff; with a number of the Cabinet, went over to FredericksburgMr. Stanton, Mr. Chase, Mr. Harrington, and Gov- ernor Moorhead of Pennsylvania. The ears from Aquia Creek ran up as far as Brookes Station this morning and brought up the membeis of the Cabinet above mentioned. The general and staff arrived about 2 p. m. at General Kings headquarters, and after taking lunch went over to the river and took a look at the end of the bridge. Some of the staff and Governor Moorhead rode about the town. Everyone looked away except the darkies, who seemed highly delighted. The ladies turned away or slammed the shutters. The town looked like a deserted place, where everything had stagnated. The bridge of canal boats was coin- pleted. It answers very well. We found the relics of two steamers which had been burnt, and other small craft. The general went back with the visitors to Belle Plain and up to Aquia and spent the night there. Cutting was with him. We were not very comfortable after getting here. The wagons arrived so late that we got no dinner, and then all of us, by the generals order, had to camp out except himself; the house was reserved for him. Captain Sandersons mess stores arrived and we had something to eat for dinner, though not much. A package was received marked No. 1, from the Secretary. of War. May 4.The day has been a beautiful one. General MeD. was away nearly all day and did not arrive until 7 p. mu. A second pon- toon bridge was commenced to-day just to the right of us. A telegram from the Secretary of War was received that Yorktown was evacuated last night by the enemy. About 6.30 p. m. a contraband, representing himself as Jeff. Davis coachman, came in and told a long story to the officers. The Twenty-fourth Regiment band was down at sunset and gave us some fine music. Jfa~ 5.Cloudy, with appearance of a storm. The pontoon bridge was finished last night and a number passed through out the day. About 2 oclock General McDowell and staff; General King and staff, and some other generals crossed over the bridge with Davies regi- ment of cavalry and went out on a reconnaissance. About 4p. m. heard that McClellan had cut off~ the retreat of the enemy and captured about 180 pieces of artillery. About 6 p. in. heard that a small force of th Page 73 Ow. L~i OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGIRIA. 78 enemy supposed three regiments, were down theriver opposite General Baya a command. A. battery of artillery was stationed on the bank commanding the new bridge during the afternoon. Upon the recon- naissance one priionerfls captured, about two miles out of Fredericks. burg. Captain Buell and Lieutenant Hasty caught him. No passes were given across the river except by General King; Got some first- rate bread from a baker In Fredericksburg. May 6.Several of the staff visited the monument to Washingtons mother, which is unfinished. We found it bruised by musket-balls, apparently having been used as a target Thetown looked morelively to.day. Lieutenant Dronillard arrived from Washington this after- noon. General McDowell went across the river this afternoon. May 7.A beautiful day. General McDowell went actoss the river this morning. A copy of Genetal McClellans telegram to the Secre- tary of War was received, confirming the evacuation of Yorktown and also of a battle at Williamsburg, where Hanks brigade made a splendid charge upon the enemy and drove them fromthe field, and that out victory was complete, capturinga large number of prisoners, besides a number of pieces of artillery and a large quantity of ammunition. Captain Gibbon came over to headquarters in his uniform of brigadier- general. Wadsworth an4 Brown had a horse race and Brown wonthe race. One company of Davies cavalry came to stay as a regular escort to the general. The Twenty-third Regiment New York Yolunteerswent to Fredericksburg to-day to guard the town. May & .Workmg on the bridges. Two deserters came in and gave themselves up. Two men who weretaken prisoners at Bull Rn arrived I here to-day, Captain Farrish, Seventy-ninth New York, and Lieutenant Dempsey, Second New York. The prisoners who were captured on Monday were [sent] to Washington this morning. Hosford was detailed to.day as postmaster for the department at these h6adquarters for receiving and delivering the mails. Corporal Williams of the Twenty- ~ place. Mqg weather still continues fine. Two regiments of Bicketta brigade were ordered up from Aq~ Creek. They arrived about 5 p. m. (Ninetieth Pennsylvania and Twenty-sixth New York). Ge- eral McDowell remained here throughout the day. A young man liv- ing on the Gordonsvilleroad came in to-day. He says that the enemy tried to p rem him into the ranks and that he escaped from them. TilIsons battery of artillery came up from Aquia Creek to.day and went into camp near department headquarters. May 10.A beautiful day, but very warm. The Fifty-silt New Yorkwent to Belle Plain to-day. General Patricks entire brigade went over to Fredericksburg about 8 p. m. Three deserters from Leteher Artillery came in to-day and gave themselves up. Mrs. Lacy, with her children, came here to-day and seemed to think there were too many around her house and was very much afraid some damage would be done. May 11.To-day being Sunday, not much business was done in the office. The Harris Ca made a reconnaissance don the river on the Fredericksburg side and had a skirmish with the enemys pickets, capturing 12 privates and 1 officer. A ~~am from Secretary of War was received about 6 p. in., announcing Norfolk and the Portsmouth navy-yard in our ion without much of any fighting, and the destruction of the 7Merrimac by the rebels before retiring. Capt. W. Let reported for duty on staff as aide.de-camp. Two contratands came in to-night from five miles beyond Spotaylvania Court-House Page 74 74 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. Lxiii. General Patrick came very near getting shot. A horse immediately on his left was killed. May 12.The weather still continues warm and fine. General Wads- worth came down tQ-day and returned. Nothing of any special inter- est occurred during the day. The troops appeared in good spirits over the recent victories near Yorktown and Norfolk. Six of the trestles were put up to-night on the railroad bridges. Major Duffi& s battalion was recalled to-day from Fredericksburg. May 13.A very warm day. General McDowell went this morning to see the bridges. General Seymour called this afternoon. General Van itlensselaer returned from Washington this afternoon. A letter from the War Department was received to-day revoking General Orders, No. 18, from that headquarters, so far as it relates to the appointment of officers in the militia regiments from the State of New York serving in this department. Captain St. Albe arrived to-day. General Hart- snifs brigade is on the march to this place from Catletts. Four more trestles were put up to-day. Colonel Roots Ninety-fourth Regiment New York Volunteers, came to Aqnia Creek to day. May 14.It rained most of the day. Three regiments of infantry and one of cavalry of Hartsuffs brigade arrived to-day. We got a mail at last to day fi-om Washington, not having any since last Friday. The Ninety-fourth New York and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania, of Ricketts brigade, arrived to day from Aquia. A skirmish took place last night between Bayards brigade and the enemy, who attempted to capture a schooner~ but after firing a iiumber of rounds, retreated. No one killed on our side, but two wounded. May 15.The rainy weather still continues. General Patrick went to the front to-day and reports that two regiments of infantry and one of cavalry of the enemy came from the direction of Gordon sville aiid went in the direction of General Andersons command. Lieutenant Wads- worth returned from the city this afternoon. General McCall caine over this morning, looking better than I ever saw him. May 16.To-day has been a very busy day in the office. General lla~tsuff called in during the day. The Thirteenth Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps arrived to-day from Catletts and joined Hart- suPs brigade. General McDowell, with Major Brown, Lieutenants Cuttitig and Wadsworth, went to Washington in the afternoon. Ords division organized. May 17.General McDowell in Washington. Loconiotive passed over Potomac Creek bridge for the first time about 8 or 9 p. in. A stir of preparation commenced today. General Bayards adjutant reported that the enemy came down last night quite strong and kept firing all night at our pickets, doing no damage. May 18.Although it is Sunday a good deal of business was trans- acted in the office during the day. General McDowell returned about 3 p. m. from Washington alone, leaving the aides who weiit with him in Washington. Shortly after his arrival a flag of truce came inCap- tain Worthington, of General Andersons staffto find out in regard to the death of Mr. Scott, who was killed by two deserters of Blenkers division, and about his family. Captain Breck went to Fredericksbum-g to church this morning. Three trains from Aquia passed over the road to-day. ilfay l9.Everything is being prepared for a niove. The day has been very warm, and this evening had a short shower. TIme railroad bridge was so far complete as to be in readiness for the cars to pas Page 75 CHAP. LXIII.] OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 75 over to-night if necessary. A number of hand-cars passed over. Gen- eral McDowell remained here during the day. Major Brown and Lieutenants Wadsworth and Cutting returned from Washington this afternoon. May 20.The day was quite warm, with the appearance of rain, and during the evening had quite a shower. Some more deserters came in to-day from the Letcher battery. General IRicketts and lady paid a visit; to General McDowell this evening. The Ninth, Fourteenth, and Twenty- sixth New York regimental bands, and Ninetieth Pennsylvania, came and gave us some very flue music. Reviewed Ords division; very good. houston received his majority to-day. Military men went on the cars for the first time to-day. May 21.The day was very warm. A mountain howitzer was brought here this morning for the general to inspect. Captaiu Slosson reported to-day for duty on the staff. May 22.The weather still continues warm and sultry. During the afternoon had a slight shower. General Shields division arrived and went into camp near General Kings headquarters. Sergeant Wirths discharge papers were given him from this office to-day to take to his company and get his accounts. General Shields reported his arrival in person. May 23.President Lincoln, Secretary Stanton, M. Mercier, the French minister, with a special official aide, and Commodore Dahlgren arrived about 9 oclock this morning. All the division and most of the brigade generals were in attendance during the morning. General McDowell and part of his staff escorted the President and suite to Fredericksburg. In the afternoon the different divisions were reviewed, and it was quite dark before they had finished reviewing Shields divis- ion. The President and suite returned to Aquia by rail in the even- ing. General McDowell accompanied them. Two more companies of the Yirginia cavalry arrived to-day. One battalion of the Fourth Pennsylvania and one of the Rhode Island left Catletts last evening for this place. Captain Merritt reported for duty on the staff. Captain My~s and Captain Breck appointed majors on Fr6monts staff; Droull- lard, Cutting, and Wadsworth, captains, ditto. May 24.It has rained most of the day, clearing away at sunset. Captain Fiefield staid all night, also Colonel Thompson, assistant quartermaster. May 25.As to-day was Sunday did not expect a surplus of business. About 9 oclock orders were given for Shields division to move back to Catletts, followed by Ords, with the exception of the cavalry brigade. Orders were also given for General King to move the balance of his division across the Rappahannock, also Bayards brigade. They crossed about 4 oclock this afternoon. A number of deserters caine in to-day and gave themselves up and reported the enemy as having retreated and fallen back to within eight miles this side of Richmond. Nearly a whole company with a lieutenant came in and gave themselves up. They say they were left behind to guard the baggage, and after the troops left they started this way and gave themselves up to the pickets. Secretary Chase and Mr. llarrington arrived during the night and remained here most of the day. General McDowell accompanied him on his return to Aquia. General King left the Phillips House and took General ~ old headquarters in Fredericksburg. Made a recon- naissance and found that the enemy had retreated. Saw many smokes, supposed to be bridges that they were burning. News from Genera Page 76 76 MD., E.N.C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.7 & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Banks not good, which gave rise to the movements referred to above. Captain Hughes reported for duty on the staff. Miay 2G.A reconnaissance was made on our front this morning. Nothing was seen of the enemy, our scouts going some eight or ten miles from Fredericksburg. Genera Reynolds brigade crossed to IFredericksbnrg to relieve General Patrick. General McCall moved his headquarters to the Phillips house this morning. General McDowell, with Colonel Schriver, General Van Rensselaer, Major Browii, Cap- tains Willard, Barstow, Cutting, arid Wadsworth, left for Washington about 6.30 p. m. May 27.During the night had quite a rain-storm. About 11 oclock it cleared away. At 11.15 a. m. orders were given to pack up and load np the wagons as soon as possible. At 3.15 p. m. the train started for Aquia, all going by the wagon road except Major Myers and the clerks and some of the servants who went by the cars. The wagons did not arrive until 9.30 p. in., and were then unloaded onto the platform-cars. From there they were takeu to a ferry-boat, and then the ferry-boat went down to the North America, which hauled out into tire stream where the baggage was put on board. It was about 12 oclock when the boat started for Alexandria. The steamer had a full load, especially of darkies of all classes, sizes, and ages. ]JiEay 28.Arrived at Alexandria about 5 a. in. this morning. Trans- ferred the baggage to the cars, after which we went and got breakfast. Started for Manassas about 10.30 oclock. At Fairfh~x Station, in run- ning from the switch to the main track, the passenger car got off the track. Arrived at Manassas at 4.30 p. m. The officers caine up with the train, also the clerks. The orderlies came by the wagon roads with the horses and arrived about 6 l~ m. Headquarters were made at Mrs. Weirs place, about a mile from the depot. Shields division went forward toward Manassas Gap this morning. llicketts brigade, of Ords division, followed about 6 p. m. May 29.The weather still continues fine. Hartsuffs brigade fol- lowed on after IRicketts this morning at daylight. The countersigus we~e sent out this morning for the folio King week. At 9 oclock orders were given to pack up so as to be ready to move at ii a. in. At that time all was ready and waiting for the order to move until 4 p. in., when orders came to take out the9bedding only from the wagons for sleeping purposes and that we would start at daylight in the morning. Firing was heard throughout the day in the direction of the gap, or rather beyond. May 8O.-~All hands were up and around early this morning, an(l the wagons and horses were sent down to the depot about 6 a. m. Did not get the whole lot loaded nnrtil 1.15 p. in. The general and staff went by a special train about 12 oclock, taking private horses. The bag- gage train of nine cars started at 1.40 p. ni. Made very slow progress, as it was heavily loaded; had to stop often to get up steam. General McDowell arid staft arrnved at liectortown about 6 p. in.; terrible con- frision. Staid all miight with no baggage. Mrs. Hartsuff came up an(l saw her husband and returned on the same train, a special traimi to bring omr Mr. Devereux, the railroad superintendent. May 31.The bag~age arid remainder of the staff arrived at Rector- town early this morning, when we unloaded the cars; the horses were harnessed, and about 11 a. m. the train started for Front Royal. From Piedmont the roads were very hilly and rough and the light wagon of Major Hou~ton upset. The train made slow progress omi account of the number of troops moving, and traveled until near midnight. and the Page 77 CUAP. LXIII.] OPERATIONS iN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 77 halted within about four miles of Front Royal. General Ord was relieved from the command of his division on account of sickness. There was terrible confusion at the depot issuing provisions, and some of the troops did not get off until 1 or 2 oclock in the afternoon, very much to the disappointment of General McDowell. The staff arrived at Front Royal at 8 in the evening, and lay about the town as they could best find a place. June 1.After feeding this morning the train proceeded to Front Royal, where they arrived about 8 oclock. About 9 a. m. heavy hring was heard toward Winchester, and a body of troops from Shields division were started in that direction. General McDowell and staff went out to see what was ~oing on. Bayard went over to Strasburg to cut off Jacksons train. It appears that it started from Strasburg this morning, having spent last night in that town. There was a little stampede among some of Bayards men. Bayard has with him Colonel Kanes I3ucktails and four light pieces. Ricketts (Ords division) held the town and vicinity. June 2.This morning took possession of a church for an office. Cannonading was heard in the direction of Strasburg this morning. G eiieral McDowell and staff went over about 11 a. in.; arrived at Stras- burg between 3 and 4p. m. General McDowell wrote a dispatch to Gen- eral Fr~mont. Meanwhile we all got wet through, and about 5 we started home by way of Middletown. Houston, Drouillard, and Wadsworth caine very near drowning; Houston and Wadsworth lost their horses; Houston rode home on Captain Willards. We had great difficulty in finding our way through so as to avoid Crooked Rnn, but finally we came out into the road, and just at that moment Flood, Colonel Macombs man, came up and said that he (Flood) was shot, his horse killed, and that we would all be killed. It appeared that Colonel Macomb and some of our men had found the road before we did, and had turned off, and coming on the pickets they made a blunder, and though he gave them the right countersign the men fired on him, and he then galloped down the road until he caine upon DuffiPs battalion. Afte~ this we returned home, Flood riding Colonel Macombs horse. We got dinner at 2 oclock at night. We found at Strasburg about 400 prisoners, taken by FrPinonts men with the help of Bayards cavalry, which went on with Fr6mont, driving Jackson, who was retreating, before them. June 3.Not much going on. Pleasant, but raining in the morning. News received that Shields had been stopped by the destruction of a brkige and that there was every reason to suppose Jackson had esi~aped. June 4.The bridge over the North Fork of the Shenandoah, near Front Royal, and the railroad bridge over the South Fork of same, near Strasbnrg, and the roadway bridge over Cedar Run, were carried away last night. June 5.Last night the roadway [bridgel over the South Fork of the Shenandoah, and the railroad bridge over the same near Front Royal, were carried away by the rise in the stream. This stream, it is said, rises here thirty-six hours after the North Fork. Camp was moved to-day to across town on the ridge; office remained. Majors Breck and Brown, Doctor Magruder, Captains Drouillard and Cutting, took up their quarters in the gallery. June 6.The rainy weather still continues. We have been in this part of the country a week already, and it has rained every day with- out failing. The monthly report for April was finished this morning Page 78 78 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.2 & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. General McDowell started for Washington about 5 p. in., taking Major Brown and Captains Dronillard, Cutting, Wadsworth, and Willard. June 7.During the fore part of the day it was clear and very warm; had quite a shower about 0.30 p. in. General Ord went to Washington about 6.30 this afternoon. Captain , of Fr6monts staff, staid with us all night. Lieutenant Benkard reported this afternoon that Kings division was at Warrenton. He is going to remain here over night. June d.Orders were received this morning to move headquarters. j?acked up and started about 9 a. in., leaving Doctor Magruder behind tQ attend to getting off the sick men. We got aloiig very well consid. bring the terrible roads we had tQ travel, arid encamped about 6 p. in. near Piedmont Station. This is the first day in two weeks that it did not rain a thunder shower in the evening. General McDowell still in Washington. After marching two or three hours a telegram was received on the road directing Colonel Schriver to stay; Captain Bar. stow staid with him. June 9.Morning clear and fine. All hands up at daylight; cooks at work getting breakfast. Packed up and started for Thoroughfare Gal), by way of Salem, at 6 a. in. The road for the most part of the way was very fair, and we got along first rate. Reached the gap about 12.:30 p. in., and continued our march for about two miles east of the same. We halted about 2 p. m. and formed camp for the iiight. The general and officers of the staff who went with him to Washington still absent. June 10.Morning cloudy, with a light sprinkling of rain. Started about 6 a. m. for Manassas. The staff went ahead of the train and arrived at Manassas about 9 a. in., making their headquarters at Mrs. Wejr~s house. The train did not arrive for some time afterward. It rained very hard most all of the way, which left the roads in a terribly bad condition. Every one was thoroughly wet. Heard on our arrival that General Bayard had a skirmish with the enemy (Jackson) in which he lost a number of men and officers in killed wounded, and prisoners, anfong them Colonel Wyndham, First New Jersey Cavalry, and Lieu. tenant-Colonel Kane, of the Bucktail Battalion. General McD. and escort still absent in Washington. Doctor Magruder arrived from Front Royal in the evening by railroad. June 11.The morning looked cloudy and like raimi. Set up the office in a corn-crib and transacted a little business. Received a box of sta. tionery from Colonel Rucker. Nothing of unportance transpired tp-day. Every one seemed fatigued after yesterdays march. General McDowell and staff returned from Washington about 7 p. in., bringing some strangers with them, Mr. Doremus and ex-Goveruor , of New Jersey. June 12.The day was fine and waim. Nothing of importance occurred worth note. In the afternoon Captain Willard, Captain Haven, and Major Brown rode over to the Bull Run battle-field. General McDowell staid at headquarters all day. June 13.Morning very warm and cloudy; looked like rain. Nothing of any importance occurred during the day. In the aftem-noon Major Breck and Captain Paine went to Washington. A heavy thunder shower came up in the evening; it rained very hard for an hour or so. June 14.The weather still very warm. Nothing new to-day. Quite a number of officers from Shields division, who were wounded in the battle of Port Republic, caine to headquarters and applied for leave of absence; some for discharges. Major B[rcck] still absent Page 79 CHAP. LXIII.] SIEGE OF YORKTOWN, VA. 79 June 15.The day was very warm, with a light breeze. Nothing of iInl)ortance tranSpire(1 to-day. The general staid at headquarters all day. Captain Paine returned from Washin~ton this afternoon. June 16.The First Rhode Island Cavalry, ordered from General Shields division, reported at headquarters this day; rather a hard- looking set. The general seemed very much displeased with their looks. They were ordered to camp any place not nearer than a mile to headquarters. June 17.Very warm and sultry. Everything quiet. Some talk of moving, but nothing definite yet heard. In the afternoon two of our orderlies arrested a mau named Granville W. Kelly, about two miles south of Culpeper. He had a large amount of Confederate bonds on his person, and was making his way south. He was kept at head- quarters all night, and will be sent to Washington to-morrow. June 18.Everything quiet and no sign as yet of moving. In the afternoon, while the general was reviewing the Rhode Island cavalry, his horse took fright and threw him off, falling on him heavily. The general seemed to be very much hurt, and for some time was quite delirious, but strong hopes are entertained for his speedy recovery. Major Breck returned from Washington about 3 p. m. to-day. June 19.The President and Secretary of War arrived about 2 p. m. in a special train to see the general, who is much better to-day. They returned to Washington in the afternoon. June 20.Nothing of importance transpired to-day. The weather still very warm. The general feels much better to-day, and hopes to be able to be around in a short while. Captain Barstow returned from Washington this evening. Capt. Flamen Ball reported for duty on the staff. June 21.Weather still fine and very warm. Part of Shields divis- ion arrived at Manassas and went to the east side of Broad Run to encamp. Secretary Seward and some friends came to see the general, who is getting along finely. No news of any importance from Banks or F~6mont. Everything quiet. June 22.Capt. Howard Stockton reported for duty this morning as additional aide-de~camp to the general commanding; appointment dated 9th of June; on the staff of General Wool. [12.] APRIL 5MAY 4, 1862.Siege of Yorktown, Va. Report of Brig. Gen. Charles D. Jameson, U. ~3. Army, of skirmish April 11. HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, HAMILTONS DIVISION, Camp near Yorktown, April 12, 1862. Sm: I have the honor to report that in accordance with orders from the general commanding division, my brigade, with the exception of the Sixty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel Hays, which was on picket duty in front of this division, was placed under arms at about 4 oclock yesterday p. m. and moved out into th& open field north of my encampment. After remaining there some half-hour I moved out on the Warwick road to sustain our pickets on the left of the line. After placing the men under cover of the woods, I made a reconnaissance in person of the whole left of our line and was unable to perceive any serious cause for alarm. A small detachment of the enemy came ou Page 80 80 MD., E.N.C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. about 3 p. m. and fired a house standing opposite the extreme left of the rebel earth-works, visible from the Warwick road; that seemed to be the prucipal cause foi~ the alarm. I was about to order my brigade back to camp when I heard considerable firing of musketry On the right of our line of pickets near the Yorktown road and perceived quite a number of Berdan Sharpshooters and pickets running out of the woods. I immediately ordered the Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel Campbell, and the Eighty~seventh New York Volunteers, Col- onel .Dodge, down the Warwick road to that point. Upon arriving neat- the Yorktown road I ordered six companies of the Fifty-seventh Penn- sylvania Volunteers to proceed through the woods to a peach orchard on the left of the Yorktown road, the point from which the firing pro- ceeded; the remaining four companies of the Fifty-seventh I ordered to move up the Yorktown road, as I was informed the rebels were advanc- ing on that road. The Eighty-seventh New York Volunteers I ordered to remain in the road in rear of the woods, their right resting oii the Yorktown road, as a reserve. During the whole time I was moving these regiments there was a sharp firing of musketry kept up between the rebels in the peach orchard and our pickets. immediately upon the advance of the Fifty-seventh, the rebels fell back precipitately; we pursued them until they were beyond range of our picket-line. I then ordered the Fifty-seventh to retui-n into the woods in rear of the peach orchard. Not anticipating any further trouble on our line that itight, I ordered the Eighty-seventh New York Volunteers and the One hundred an(l fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers back to camp. The Fifty-seventh remained on the ground until the section of artillery, which had been stationed on the right of the Yorktown road, could retire under cover of darkress. It then returned to caml), arriving there about 8 p. m. There were about 500 rebels engaged in the skirmish in the peach orchard, and, I should judge, about one regiment held in reserve. The following is a list of the wounded in the Fifty-seventh Regiment, viz, Sergt. Samuel Mervin, Company E, received a serious wound in the scrotum and thigh; Corpl. ha B. McKnight, Company B, slight wound iu~the leg; Sergt. John Cochran, Company F, seriously wounded in the leg below the knee; Corpl. John W. Parks, Company E, very slight wound in the leg. I am unable to state what damage the enemy suf- fered. As Colonel Hays, of the Sixty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, will report directly to you as picket officer, I have omitted any mention of his regiment in this report. C. D. JAMESON, Capt. li. M. SAWYER, Brigadier- General. Assistant Adjutant- General. [11.] Report of Lieut. Col. Carl Stephan, Thirteenth New York Infalstry, of operations April 412. HDQRS. TH1~RTEENTH NEW YORK VOLrNT~ERS, FIRST BRIGADE Po Camp Win/leld Scott, near RTERS DIVISION, - Yorktown, April 13, 1862. In pursuance of circular received at these headquarters this morn- ing I hereby submit a report of record of events of this regiment since heaving camp near New Market, Va., on the 4th instant: The regiment took up the line of march from the camp near New Market at 7 a. m. on Friday, April 4, having the right of the brigade Page 81 CHAP. LXIII.] SIEGE OF YORKTOWN, VA. 81 and the brigade preceded by General MorelIs brigade. Halted about 11 a. m. near Bethel, on the battle-field of last summer, for dinner. Resumed march after an hour and a half and continued marching till 6 p. m. without any event of consequence occurring. The day was pleas- ant and the march easy. Supposed to have marched twelve miles. Bivouacked for the iiight at Howards Mill or Camp Misery. At 7 a. m. on Saturday morning commenced moving toward Yorktown. A rain set in soon after starting, making the march very hard and unpleasant. We had the left of the brigade this day, and our brigade, as before, was followed by General Butterfields brigade. The march was very slow indeed and the road became vely muddy. During the march the bat- tery attached to General Butterfields brigade, taking advantage of a side cut through the woods cut oft the left wing of the regiment from the right, forcing the men to the side of the road and into the fields, matemially impeding their progress and producing much confusion. General Butterfield not only countenanced this move of his battery, but by coarse and brutal language to the men while attempting to urge them forward and insinuations of cowardice rendered himself very con- spicuous. Major Schoeffel and other officers of the regiment did what they could to keel) the line in order. It is a noteworthy fact in connec- tion with this matter that when the head of the regiment was halted to close up the battalion in an open field, General Butterfield having promised to hold back his battery, it took but five minutes for the rear- most files to be closed, very remarkable l)roInptness when it is consid- ered that in addition to marching through rain and mud the line had been thus broken and confused. The head of the column was con- stantly up to the Twenty-fifth Regiment New York Volunteers. With- out further interrul)tion the battalion arrived in front of the rebels works at Yorktown at 12.30 p. in. After resting until 1 oclock the men were marched under arms, with the rest of the brigade to the support of the batteries which were already engaging the enemy iu their works. The battalion was first formed in close column of com- panies in rear of the brigade line of battle. At this time Captain Suhhiv~n, with a small detachment, reconnoitered to the left of our brigade and finding none of the enemy advancing returned. We remained in this position for about an hour when we moved and deployed into line, facing a piece of woods on our hitherto left. Cap- tain Hyland with one company was moved into the woods and ordered to deploy as skirmishers, and moved through the woods in connection with the skirmishers of the Second Maine, on the right. Nothing of interest was seen in the woods, and the line moved to a road in the edge of the woods facing the enemy~s earth-works alm(l 1,000 yards from them. Captain ilyland rt~mained here about one hour when his line was replaced by Captain Wood amid his company, the last remaining in the same position till dark, when they were relieved by tIme pickets of General Jamesons brigade, of Hamiltons division. Captains Hyland and Wood report that during the engagement between ours and the enemys batteries they observed a line of skirmishers from the enemy move out from the right and after firing some stacks, sheds, and a house retire again to the woods on their right. The works in front of their line did not appear mounted with any guns and but few tents or barracks were observable at that point. Several balls and shells from the enemy passed over the batteries and struck close to the regiment while lying in line of battle. At dark the battalion was moved back about one-quarter of a mile and bivouacked, where Captain Wood and 6 R RYOL LI, PT Page 82 82 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. company rejoined theni at 7.30 p. m. Sunday, 6th, lay quiet until 3 p. in., when the battalion moved a short distance to the right with the brigade. The quartermaster this night about 12 oclock came in with regimental property and rations. Monday, 7th, regiment lay as before. At dark 400 men, under Major Schoeffel, relieved the pickets on the brigade front of the Twenty-second Massachusetts. A heavy cold rain set in as they moved oIL Companies A, F, and D, under command of Captain Sullivan, were deployed and placed on the outposts, concealed behind a fence on the outer margin of a peach orchard, 800 or 900 yards from the enemys line. Company C, under command of Captain Geck, was posted in the corner of the peach orchard, about 300 yards in rear of the line of the posts constituting the first reserve. Company I, under command of Lieutenant Hedges, was posted about 200 yards in the rear from Captain Geck, on the edge of the woods, constituting the second reserve. The remaining companies, under command of Captain Hyland, constituted the main reserve and were about 150 yards in rear of the second reserve. The storm con- tinued during the twenty-four hours the regiment was on duty and was very cold and severe on the men. During the night the enemy kept up a fire on our posts without doing any damage or provoking a return except in two instances. The enemy kept up fires on their lines, and by [the aid of] reflectors or in some way endeavored to illuminate our line. No fires anywhere on our lines were allowed. At daylight and during the day our pickets returned the enemys fire and quite a brisk discharge was kept up. None were injured on our side during the twenty-four hours except Private Flannery, of Company F, who was accidentally shot in the arm by his own rifle. The relief of the Second Maine arrived about 5.30 p. in., and the battaliomi returned to camp about 8 p. m. The commanding officer made efforts to obtain whisky rations for the men in consequence of the exposure they had undergone, but without success. Wednesday, 9th, the storm continued. Regiment remained in its j~wsition throughout the day. At 10.30 p. m. the line was formed in consequence of a picket alarm, and remained under arms in close column of company near our camp about one hour and a half, when the regiment was dismissed to quarters. Thursday, 10th, moved camp with the brigade about one mile and a half east of south and within a short distance of York River. Friday, 11th, 200 men of the regi- ment, under orders of Major Schoeftel, were detailed on picket duty. Reported at 8 a. m. to Lieutenant-Colonel Griswold, of Twemity-second Massachusetts Regiment, in command of the picket. Moved at 11 a. m. to the line and relieved the picket of General Morells brigade, having a position to the right of that occupied by the picket of the regiment on the 7th and 8th instant. The Twenty-second Massachu setts connected with that line of pickets and ran to a point about half a mile from the pickets of General Butterfield, being posted on the outer edge of a ravine and concealed in the woods connected with the right of the line of Twenty-second Massachusetts. Major Schoeffel posted our pickets similarly to the right until connected with those of General Butterfield, being five posts. The outposts and reserve of those outposts were under command of Captain Wood, assisted by Lieutenants Gilbert and Cooley, the lieutenants remaining with the first reserve omi the outer edge of the ravine and slightly in rear of the left post, and Captain Wood remaining with the second reserve on the opposite side of the ravine and about six rods farther from the posts. The remaining portion of the regiment, about 150 men, wer Page 83 CHAP. LXIII.] SIEGE OF YORKTOWN, VA. 83 united with main picket reserve, under Captains ilyland and Boughton and Major Schoeffel, about twenty rods from the ravine. In front of the picket-line was an open field, extending to the enemys line of earth- works and averaging three-quarters of a mile in breadth. At 3 p. m. the enemy appeared in force to our right and nearly in front of the line of General Butterfields pickets, being about five battalions. They soon deployed their lines and made a general attack upon the picket- line of the division. Our reserves were moved up close to the line of pickets and held in readiness. The attack was kept up in a skirmish- ing man tier for about two and a half or three hours and combined with heavy cannonading from a battery of the enemy. During the skirmish about 150 of the enemy approached our line, forcing two of our posts. These united, ma king eight men, and receiving the enemys volley returned several volleys, when the enemy retired to the left, where the engagement became very sharp with the pickets of General Hamiltons division in the peach orchard referred to as occupied by our pickets on the 7th instant. The enemy were finally repulsed at all points, and returned to their works just at dark. During the night everything was quiet on our lines, also the next morning, with the exception of an occa- sional shot up to the time we were relieved, about 8 oclock. Some of the men on post report hearing (luring the night the sound of wheels and other noise, as if something was being loaded or unloaded from wagons, also the noise of axes chopping. Saturday, 12th, the picket under Major Schoeffel returned about 10 a. m. The day passed off quietly. CAI~L STEPHAN, Lieutenant-Colonel, Corn manaing. Capt. CHARLES J. POWERS, Assistant Adjutant- General. [11.] Report of Capt. Edward 11. Flood, Battery D, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, of operations April 28. HDQRS. BATTERY D, FIRST PENNSYLVANIA VOL. ARTY., Fort Ennis, April 28, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report: This morning at about 6.30 two of the enemys gun-boats appeared off the position now occupied by my battery. One of them mounted two gunsone at the bow, the other at time stern; the other mounted one gun at the stern. They laid there apparently at anchor until 9.25 oclock, when they opened fire upomi us, aiming at the works, also at the log-house amid the woods behind them. After firing ten shells (64-pounder capped shell) at us they changed their direction to the woods on our left, which is divided from us by a creek, and fired eight shells into them. Fortunately there was, as far as my knowl- edge extends, no one hurt, although their shells burst in the middle of our camp, one of them tearing the roof off of one of the log-houses, and another ricochetted up the street, dividing the log-houses, but fortunately did not burst. Had it done so loss of life must have ensued. After firing the eighteen rounds one of the boats retired to the opposite shore, where she lay until 3 oclock, when she departed. The other came to atmchor, where she remained until 6 oclock, when she also retired. During the day (about noon) a large side-wheel steamer, accompanied by a small tug-boat, appeared opposite us and held com- munication with the gun-boat that was lying near the shore. The Page 84 84 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. staid about two hours, when they departed up the river. I would respectfully ask to have the breast-works now occupied by my command strengthened, as they were built originally by the enemy for rifle-pits, and are totally unfit for the purpose for which they are now used. It would take but a small amount of labor to make them strong enough for our use. At this writing (9 p. 1.) all is quiet here, but I can hear cannonading some distance on my right. I have the honor to remain, sir, your obedieiit servant, EDW. HI. FLOOD, Captain, Corndy. Battery D, Pennsylvania Artillery. Lieutenant BENSON, Adjutant. [First indorsement.] HDQRS. ARTILLERY, FIRST Div., FOURTH ARMY CORPS, Respectfully forwarded. April 28, 1862. The recommendation of Captain Flood concerning the strengthening his works is earnestly commended to the favorable consideration of the general commanding. Working parties should not, however, operate in daylight. A detail of fifty good men ought in one night to perform the necessary work. Most respectfully, ROBT. M. WEST, ]Jlajor and Chief of Artillery. [Second indorsement.j HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, FOURTH CORPS, Warwick Conrt-House, Va., April 30, 1862. Respectfully referred to Colonel Briggs, commanding brigade, who will exercise his discretion as to the strengthening of the works at the house. If advisab1e, sufficient working parties will at once be detailed. If not deemed advisable, Colonel Briggs will report the reasons of his decision. He will also acquaint Major West with any plans made for the purpose of defense. By order of Brigadier-General Couch: FRANCIS A. WALKER, Assistant Adjutant. General. [11.] Report of Col. William W. H. Davis, One hundred and fourth Pennsyl vania Infantry, of operations April 29. HEADQIJARTERS lOITH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS Yorktown, Pour Corners, April 29, ~iI862. CAPTAIN: In obedience to orders from brigade headquarters, I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the One hundred and fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers during the reconnaissance in force on the afternoon of the 29th instant: My regiment was assigned to the right of the line, and as such was drawn np in line of battle on the Lees Mill road in the wood fronting the enemys works and about 1,000 yards distant. The skirmishing com- panies (A and B) were then thrown forward open field to a wood, in which they and advanced across an deployed as skirmishers. My regi- mnent was then advanced to time edge of the wood, in which it had formed, along a worm fence some 300 yards nearer the enemys position. Coin- pany E was now detached to support the two skirmishing companies already thrown forward, the latter being pushed still nearer the enemy Page 85 CHAP. LXIII.] BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG, VA. 85 My regiment retained its position near the fence above mentioned until ordered to return to camp, and (lid not actively engage the enemy. My left skirmishing company (B), when deployed in the wood, advanced to within about 150 yards of the enemys works, where he was drawn np in battle array. While thus situated a company of the Eleventh Maine Volunteers, a little in advance, received a volley from the enemy, which mortally wonnded one man, when they retired, leaving his body lying where it had fallen. Captain Orem, of Company B, One hundred avid fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, with the assistance of three men of the Eleventh Maine, whom he requested to accompany him, recovered the body, which they brought off the field at imminent risk. The wounded man died in a few minutes afterward. Two shells burst in the wood we occupied a little to our left, but so far as I am able to learn did no dam- age. It affords me pleasure to commend the coolness and good conduct of my officers and men, who exhibited all that steadiness and obedience that characterize old troops. All of which is respectfully submitted. W. W. II. DAVIS, Colonel 104th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. GEORO-E II. JOHNSTON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Brigade Headquarters. [1~i.] MAY 5, 1862.Battle of Williamsburg, Va. Report of Lient. Col. J. Thompson Brown, C. S. Artillery. ARTILLERY CAMp, Near Long Bridge, May 12, 18G2. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the part taken by the batteries now under my command in the engagements of May 5. Some of these battekies were not under my command at the time, and the report ren- dered is a condensation of statements given inc by the respective coin- mandants. I take the liberty of premisimig, that as far as my observa- tion extended, and as far as I was inftrmed, the officers and men attached to the artillery behaved with the utmost coolness, and by their bravery and accurate firing aided very much in repelling the enemy. On the evening of Sunday, May 4, two pieces (6-pounder field guns belonging to Captain Garretts battery) were ordered to Fort Magruder, one stationed in Redoubt No. 1, to the right of the fort, and the other ordered in the morning of the 5th to Redoubt No. 3. The gun in Redoubt No. 1, nuder command of Lientenajit Coke, opened fire about 9 oclock, and kept up a constant fire for several hours. The fire from these guns was very effective, and it was reported to the officer in command that a caisson was exploded and a flag-staff cut down by their fire. Captain Garrett was in command. The six piecesfour 6-pounders and two 3-inch riflesof the Richmond Fayette Artillery, under com- mand of Lieutenant Clopton, were ordered to Fort Magruder at 12 oclock Sunday night. lie opened fire early Monday morning with two j)ieces, and continued with effect under a galling fire from the enemys sharpshooters stationed but a short distance in the front. This con- tinued until the charge made by General Wilcox, which was materially aided by a dank fire from these guns. Lieutenant Clopton then carried two of his pieces to the left of the fort, and, in conjunction with Cap- tain IDearing, silenced one of the enemys batteries. For the numbe Page 86 86 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. \y., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. engaged, this battery suffered very severely, having lost 4 killed and 9 wounded. The conduct of the oflicers and men is highly commended by all who witnessed their coolness and determination under a heavy fire. About 11.3k oclock Captain Bearing was ordered to take two of his pieces to Fort Magruder, a 12-pounder howitzer and a 6-pounder gun. After remaining about half an hour in the fort Captain Deariug was ordered to the left, and succeeded in driving back a column of infantry advancing in that direction. He then turned his pieces upon a battery to the right, being exposed to an enfilading fire from a battery on the left. Two pieces of Lieutenant Cloptons command having joined Captain Bearing, they succeeded in silencing the battery to their right, which was at a distance of 800 or 900 yards. At this time a gallant officer, Lieutenant Richardson, of the Lynchburg battery, was killed by a shell while aiming a gun. Two privates were also wounded at this point. Captain Bearing was then ordered back into the fort, from which he kept up an effective fire until the enemy retired~ and when they returned, about 4 or 5 oclock, with a piece of artillery and a large force of infantry, these pieces were used with the greatest effect umider a galling fire from sharpshooters. I take great pleasure in testifying to the gallantry of Captain Bearimig and his command. The loss was 1 killed and 2 wounded, with 5 horses killed or wounded. Captaiii Striblings batterytwo 24-pounder howitzers and two 12.pounders was ordered to the right of Fort Magruder about 2 p. m. on Momiday, and continued firing upon the enemys center for about an hour. The battery was then withdrawn to the reai, and later in the day was ordered again to the right, and continued a fire upon the enemys skir- mishers until night. Captain Stribling had 3 men wounded, a sergeant and 2 privates; also 9 horses killed or wounded. This battery was very much exposed. Lieutenant Fortier, of Captain Maurins battery, was ordered, a bout 5 p. in., with three 6-pounders to Fort Magruder, where he remained until the close of the action, firing occasionally. No casualties in this command. Captain ~ battery was in reserve until about 2 or 3 o5~lock, when it was ordered to the position on the left of Fort Magru- der and in rear of the woods, but had no opportunity of bringing his pieces into action. I inciose the reports of the officers commanding the respective batteries or sections. Respectfully submitted. J. THOMPSON BROWK, Lieutenant- Colonel of Artillery. Capt. C-. M. SORnEL, - As8istant Adjutant- General. [11.] I?eport of Lient. Lentang Fortier, Donaldsonville Artillery. MAY 10, 1862. Sin: I have the honor to report that three brass 6-pounders wem-e engaged in Fort Magruder. I reported at 5 p. m. and took position in said fort. Thirty-three rounds of shell and ~lid shot were fired during the engagement. No casualties of importance to report. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. FORTJEIR Lieutenant, Gommanding Ha~f Battery, Donaidsonville Artillery. Colonel BROWN, Gommanding Artillery. [11. Page 87 CHAP. LXIILI BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG, VA. 87 Report of Lient. William I. Clopton, Richmond Fayette Artillery. MAY 12, 1862. SIR: At midnight on the 4th instant I took position in Fort Ma- grader under command of Brioadier-General Anderson. At broad day the enemy appeared, drove in onr pickets, and I then opened with two of my pieces, the first fired during the day. The enemys sharpshooters then neared us and rained upon the cannoneers a fire of bullets which was truly terrific. This state of things continued until the charge of General Wilcoxs command, when we obtained a flank fire upon the enemys line. The enemys sharpshooters fell back and I opened rapidly and with telling effect, and I think that it was the fire of our gnus that made the enemy break and give wa~ to Wilcoxs charge, and I am sus- tamed in that opinion by Colonel Jenkins, commanding the fort. At 4.30 p. m. I was ordered out of the fort to engage the enemys left bat- tery. In conjunction with one piece of Captain Dearings I silenced one battery in about ten minutes, and then turned my attention to his extreme left battery, where I continued until ordered from the field. Our loss was very severe4 killed and 9 wounded. This occurred early in the day, when the whole brunt of the fight fell upon only the small lbrce then there. My men acted with the greatest gallantry and spirit and received the compliments of the commanding officers. I am fnlly satisfied with them. They suffered more severely than artillery has suffered yet in this war, as far as I am able to judge. I am, with great respect, your very obedient servant, WILL. I. CLOPTOK, First Lieutenant, Commanding Richmond Fayette Artillery. N. B.If required, I can give instances of personal gallantry worthy of note, but they were so numerous I did not choose to be invidious. Lient. Col. J. THOMPSON BROWN, Commanding, J~c. ~11I Report of Capt. Robert 11. A8tribling, Fanquier Artillery. MAY 12, 1862. COLONEL: In obedience to orders received to-day I have the honor to make the following report: The battery was ordered on the field at 2 p. in., and took position to the right of Fort Magruder in order to support General Stnarts battery. A fire was kept up on the enemys center for about an hour, when they fell back. The battery was then withdrawn to the hill in rear of the fort. Later in the day I was ordered to take two guns to the right of the fort and open upon a line of the enemys skirmishers. A fire ~vas kept them , battery was ordered up on until night closed in when the back to Williamsburg. I lost in the action, wouuded,my fourth sergeant, J. T. Megeatli, wounded in the leg by a musket-ball, and Privates Ben~j. F. Kerrick and John E. Carter, the former wounded by a musket-ball and the latter by a fragment of shell. They were left in Williamsburg. I lost 1 horse killed on the field and 8 badly wounded, four of which were deserted. I am, colonel, with respect, your obedient servant, ROBERT M. STRIBLING, Captain, Fauquier Artillery. [l1. Page 88 88 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA~, EXCEPT S. W~, & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII Report of Capt. John A. Coke, lVilliam8burg-Lee Artillery. Sin: In obedience to your orders I have the honor to make the fol- lowing report of the action of the Williamsburg-Lee Artillery, then commanded by Capt. W. H. Garrett, at the battle of Fort Magruder on the 5th and 6th of May, 1862: On Sunday evening, when the enemy made their appearance in the woods on the left of the fort, one of the brass pieces belonging to this battery was ordered down to Fort Magruder, and after remaining a short time in the rear of the fort was ordered to the front and a little to the left of Fort Magruder. A rew shots from the battery of First Howitzer Company were fired, but, were not returned by {he enemy. We did not open fire on Sunday evening. We were then ordered back in rear of the fort. About sunset another piece belonging to Captain Garretts battery arrived at Fort Magruder, which piece was in a few minutes ordered to Redoubt No. I, on the right of the fort. On Monday morning the brass piece was ordered to Redoubt No. 3, on the right of the fort. On Monday I was ordered to take command of the gun stationed at Redoubt No. 1. Captain Garrett commanded the gun at Redoubt No. 3. The gun under my command opened fire 011 Monday morning about 9 oclock, and kept up a constant fire on the enemy for several hours. The firing from this redoubt, as well as Redoubt No. 3, proved very effective. A caisson was reported to have been blown up by the iron gun of this battery in the morning, and the enemys flag cut down by the brass gun in the evening, both of them stationed in Redoubt No. 1. In conclusion, I will state that the men of this command behaved during the whole engagement with great coolness and deter- mination, and evinced a spirit of bravery which becomes men fighting in such a noble cause. Respectfully submitted. JNO. A. COKE, Col. J. THOMPSON BROWN. Captain, lPilliamsburg-Lee Artillery. ~[ll.J Report of Capt. James Dearing, Lynchburg Artillery. CAMP NEAR LONG BRIDGE, May 12, 1862. SIR: In accordance with instructions from you I have the honor to transmit to you the following report of the part taken by my battery and those temporarily under my conimnaiid in the engagement near Williamsburg, Va., on the 5th of May, 1862: About 11.30 a. in. I was ordered to send two of my pieces to Fort Magruder. I ordered Lient. Thomas F. Richardson, junior first lieu- tenant of my battery, with a 12-pounder howitzer and a 6-pounder field piece, down to the fort, accompanying them myself. On my way to ~he fort I was repeatedly fired on by sharpshooters, none of their shots doing damage. After getting inside of the fort I reported to Colonei Jenkins, then commanding there, and on the left. I then screened my horses and caissons as much as possible from the fire of the enemny~ sharpshooters, who had been killing and wounding the artillery horses all the morning. After remaining~at the fort about half an hour, dur- ing which time there was no firing from the fort, Colonel Jenkins found that the enemy were advancing on our left in force with both infantff and artillery, and my two pieces were ordered by him to the left to checkithem Page 89 CHAP. LXIi[.j BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG, YA. 89 I took a position to the left of Fort Magruder and came in battery under a heavy fire of artillery from the enemys battery, already planted near one of our field fortifications on the left. 1 opened immediately Oil a column of infantry crossing toward the fortifications, and after about ten ronnds of shell and spherical case had the gratification [to] find that I had succeeded in turning the column, which filed to the right and disappeared under the brow of a hill. About this time a new battery of the enemy was planted immediately on my right, and enfi- lading my whole position. I was thus un4er a most severe cross fire. I, however, continued to fire upon the battery in front, after the infan- try disappeared, endeavoring to silence it, but the distance was too great to dismount their pieces with smooth-bore guns, and their guns were of heavier caliber and longer ranged thaim mine. Among the enemys battery were two Parrott guns. I therefore turned my atten- tion to the battery on my right, which had my range exactly, and was doing me all the damage, having already wounded one man and killed one horse of muine. I therefore chamiged my front to the rmght, and soume twenty-five or thirty yards from my first position, and opened on this battery. The first battery was too far, and did not succeed in getting my range sufficiently exact for their enfilading fire to do me any damage. Their shells and case-shot burst beautifully, though not close enough, or rather not at the proper distance, to hurt me. I had beemi firing some timne at this second battery, which was between 800 and 900 yards off in a small clearing near the edge of the woods, when Lieutenant Clopton, of the Richmond Fayette Artillery, was ordered by Colonel Jenkins to report to me. I had his two pieces placed in bat- tery on my right. In a short time the enemys guns ceased firing, and were withdrawn fromim that poimit, I suppose, for there was no more firing fromn timat point during the day. Lieutenant Clopton immformed me that he had only nine men for his two guns, 4 having been killed and 9 xvounded while in the fort, by the emmemnys sharpshooters. It was while in this position that I had my junior first lieutenant, T. F. Richardson, kill~d. He had just aimed a gun at the enemys battery, and had raised up, whemi a piece of shell struck him just below the left collar bone, killing him instantly. Here I had two mnore men wounded, one in the thigh, Private Edward F. Deaton, the other, Private Dillon, in the left leg; also one horse killed. I had sergeants horses put in the places of those killed and wounded. After the enemys gun had ceased firing, I was ordered by Colonel Jenkins to carry my two pieces back into the forP amid open on the enemy, then being driven apidly back by our infantry. I did so immediately, and succeeded at the first shot in get- ting the exact range and bursting my shell aIl(l case-shot in their midst and in front of them. This fire was kept up incessantly by my two guns and one other in the fort, and by Captain Pelhamns 1-lorse Artil- lery outside, until the enemy ceased firing and were out of sight. Lieutenant Cloptons two pieces were placed under cover under the brow of a small hill and there remaimied, not firing any more, I believe, during the day. His men, who were reduced to nine men to two pieces, were completely worn out, and unable to stamid any more fatigue. His pieces while imi position with me fired only three or four rounds. After I ceased firing in the fort Colonel Jenkins ordered me to take my two pieces again to the left, but Captain Striblin g coming up with two 12-poumider field guns and two 24-pounder howitzers, I was ordered to take them to the left amid put them in position, which I did. Captain Stribling did not, however, fire from that position, I think, but he was sent to the right of Fort Magruder and opened upon the enemy in th Page 90 90 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. woods to his left. About this time, between 4 and 5 oclock, I think, the enemy again began their musketry from the woods. I opened on them from the fort, and soon after I changed my fire to a solitary piece of artillery of the enemy which they had again succeeded in plant- ing in rear of the position where we captured their batteries some hours before. After nearly twenty minutes firing upon this piece it ceased firing and fired no more. Mine were the only two pieces firing on it. I was then ordered by Captain Sorrel, of General Longstreets staff, to open npon the enemys infantry in the wood, whose position lie pointed out to me. I did so, and continued to fire until nearly dark, when all of my ammunition was completely exhausted. While firing the latter part of the evening from the fort my men were exposed to a most annoying fire from the enemys sharpshooters, but by adopting the precaution of making my men load kneeling, all of the guns being mounted in barbette, fortunately none were hurt. I had one horse shot here at that time by a minie-ball in the shoulder, an dhad to leave him. I had only twenty-two men engaged with the two guns, officers and men. I had my junior first lieutenant killed and 3 men wounded, none mortally; 2 horses killed and 2 wounded. In the loss of Lieu- tenant Richardson I have sustained a heavy one, lie was as cool ,gal- lant, intrepid an officer as can be found, and died doing his whole (luty to himself and the Confederate States. He fell with his back to the field and his feet to the foe. The men under my command all behaved handsomely. Their coolness and courage could but excite admiration. My two corporals and gunners acted well, and shot beantifully. My sergeants assisted the weary men, and worked themselves as privates whenever they saw any necessity. The fire of the two batteries on me, one in front and the other on my right flank, enfilading my whole position, was terrific, and I imagine the contest can scarcely be equaled, my two pieces alone replying and silencing one of them. At dusk I, being out of ammunition, was ordered by Colonel Jenkins back to Williamsburg to my command. Respectfully submitted. JAMES DEAlING, Captain, Commanding Lynchburg Artillery. Lieut. Col. J. THOMPSON BROWN, Commanding Artillery, & cond Corps. Beport of Brig. Uen. Cadmus ilL Wilcox, C. S. Army, commanding brigade.* BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, May 12, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of my brigade on the 5th instant, near Williamsburg, Va.: On the morning of the day above referred to the brigade was ordered to move to the vicinity of the redoubts on the right and left of the York- town road, and there to report to Brigadier-General Anderson. This order was received betweeii the hours of 7 and 8 a. in., and the brigade reached the second redoubt from the right facing Yorktown about 9 a. m. This redoubt and the one to its left were at this time engaged in active cannonading with the enemys battery in front, and the sharp. shooters of the enemy were annoying with their fire the catinoneers at their pieces. Orders were here received from General Anderson * See also Vol. XI, Part I, p. 589 Page 91 CHAP. LXIII.1 BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG, VA. 91 directing me to occupy the woods to the right and front of the redoubt and about 500 yards distant, this wood being a densely thick forest and supposed to be the left of the enemys line. I at once directed Colonel Mott, Nineteenth Mississippi Regiment, to move with his regiment, fol- lowing down a ravine which might serve to protect his command from the fire of the enemys artillery. This regiment, led by its intelligent and sprited commander, marched boldly in the direction of the forest indicated, and when within 200 or 300 yards of it threw out a company of skirmishers. This line of skirmisheus, preceding the regiment, took possession of the woods without firing. The regiment followed the skirmishers aud formed into line just within the edge of the woods. The two remaiuing regiments of the brigade, Ninth and Tenth Alabama, Colonels Henry and Woodward, were moved forward to the support of Colonel Mott, and halted near to and in rear of his regiment. At this time, between 9 and 10 a. in., I ordered Colonel Mott to deploy skir- mishers to his front in the woods, cautioning him not to throw theni too far, as the forest was very dense and difficult to penetrate from the thick undergrowth. This line of skirmishers were soon engaged with the enemy, and after some fifteen or twenty minutes were recalled, having captured three prisoners, one a private of the Seventy-second New York, and the others privates of the Sixth New Jersey. The Tenth Alabama was now placed in position in line on the right of the Nineteenth Mis- sissippi, and the Ninth Alabama in rear and extending a little beyond the left flank of this regiment. As soon as the Tenth Alabama had taken its position the enemy were seen in its front, and apparently moving toward its right flank. Au irregular and scattering fire ensued, which was promptly returned by the enemy. The forest extending far beyond the right flank of the Tenth Alabama, I detached two compa- iiies from the Ninth Alabama and moved them so as to protect this flank of that regiment, and prevent its being turned. I am thus par- ticular in reporting in detail, for the reason that at this time I had no force but my three regiments, one of which, with but eight companies and~nuinbering 320 nrnskets, another with nine companies and number. ing 6nly 333 muskets. Firing was heard at this time in front of the Nineteenth Mississippi and Tenth Alabama. Not having yet as definite knowledge of the strength and position of the enemy as was necessary, Colonel Mott was ordered to advance his regiment to the front 100 or 150 yards, and then to deploy two companies as skirmishers to the front, with instructions to penetrate as far as practicable, and if possible to the open field and fallen timber believed to be in front some 300 or 400 yards, in order that the ground over which we were to move and the position of the enemys battery might be known. These two companies had not advanced more than 100 yards when they became engaged with the enemys skirmishers, who fell back, pursued by ours. The pursuit was soon arrested by a strong force of the enemy concealed behind a fence in the thick woods and parallel to our line. The enemy opened a heavy fire upon the skirmishers, who then fell back. In this skirmish Cap- tain Macon was severely wounded while commanding his men in this exposed and dangerous duty with great coolness and judgment. Sev- eral prisoners were taken, one an officer. Knowing from the clear and intelligent report of Captain Macon that the enemy were in strong force immediately in my front, and this being confirmed by the state- ments of the captured prisoners, I dispatched one of my staff to Brig- adier-General Hill to ask that he should advance to my support with a portion of his brigade. Not finding General Hill, Brigadier-Genera Page 92 92 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL Pryor was called on, and he came up promptly with two battalions. These were directed to form on the right of the Tenth Alabama, and soon as in position a brisk fire began with the enemy and was responded to by onr troops. The Tenth Alabama being now supported on its right, I directed the two companies of the Ninth to rejoin their regi- ment, and the regiments then to move by the left flank so as to uncover the ground occupied by the Nineteenth Mississippi. This movement brought the left of the Ninth Alabama in the open field, and soon into the fallen timber. At this time, about 12 in., the order of General Anderson was to advance and attack the enemy, drive him from the woods and fallen timber, and to take his battery known to be in the field in front. I gave the order to advance, when both men and officers moved forward to the attack with the utmost confidence. This forward movement was necessarily much impeded, the woods being so dense as to render it difficult for a single individual at times to make his way through it. At the instant this advance began a close and brisk fire was opened by the enemy in large force on the Tenth Alabama. This fire continued to increase, and being entirely concentrated upon this regiment it became momentarily disconcerted, so much so as to fall back some seventy-five or eighty yards, but soon recovering and refom~m- ing, amid being joined by one of General A. P. Hills regiments that had just arrived, it moved back to its former position, men and officers acting gallantly, advancing resolutely against the enemy and driving him back before them. At this tinie one of Brigadier-General Hills regiments, the First Virginia, was ordered to report to me, and was placed by me in rear of the Ninth Alabama, with orders to follow closely and to support the Ninth Alabama. Soon. after this a regiment of General Picketts bri- gade was placed in rear of the Nineteenth Mississippi, within orders to follow and support this regiment. The firing had now become general, quick, amid sharp throughout our entire front, our men showing the utmost ardor to join in the fight. My brigade being the first on the field, when re-enforcements arrived they reported to me, and I assisted mu lmrectmng them to their proper places in line. This caused nine to be separated during the first part of tIme engagement from a portion of my own brigade while it was actively engaged with the enemy. In order that the difficulties and obstacles that the ground offered to the advance of our men may be understood properly, it is necessary to make known that there was a ravine in front of a portion of my line that cansed the advance, which was already difficult from the density of the forest and its nndergrowth, to be much retarded. Midway between the position occupied by the brigade when the advance commenced and the fallen timber was the fence that has been referred to; the enemy in front of tlinis feminee were strong in numbers, anti in close proximity to onrs, concealed behind trees, and in position already selected by them- selves. They had mnany advantages, and showed a disposition to (his- pute the ground inch by inch; but notlming could resist the impetuosity of our men; they pressed forward aimd closed in upon the enemy fre quently to less tiinan tlinirty yards, the enemy yielding constantly, but slowly. They were at length disc3vered at and in rear of the fence. Here the firing was continued with the utmost vivacity for fifteen or twenty minutes, the enemy showing much boldness amid confidence amid leaving heaps of his dead as evidence of the obstinacy of his resistance. At length they gave way before the Nineteenth Mississippi and retired, keepiiing up the fire and pursued by our men till finally they songlint refuge and shelter in the fallen timber. It was but a short distance i Page 93 CHAP. LXIII.] BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG, Y4. 93 front of the fence that the brave colonel of the Nineteenth Mississippi, Col. C. H. Mott, fell gallantly leading and cheering on his men. At the fallen timber the pursuit of the enemy, owing to the difficulty of getting over the bru~li and piles of logs, was much delayed, the logs aflbrding an excellent cover for the enemy, while the brush proved to be quite a serious barrier to our advance. These fallen logs served almost as a succession of breast-works, behind which the retiring enemy successively sheltered themselves. It was with the greatest difficulty that officers could in the standing timber see and properly direct their men; but these difficulties were much increased in the abatis or fallen timber. The Nineteenth Mississippi, after having driven the enemy successively back to the fence, then from the fence back to the fallen timber, thus terminating successfully what may be called the first attack of that regiment, proceeded to engage the enemy in his new position on the right, and continued in the fight until the close of the hotly-contested battle, at first co-operating with General lull in his attack against the enemy in his new positiou, and subsequently with General Pryor on the extreme right. During all this time they were ably commanded by their lieutenant-colonel, Lamar, Colonel Mott hay- ing fallen before reaching the fence. At this abatis many of our men replenished their cartridge-boxes with ammunition taken from the cartridge-boxes and knapsacks of the enemys dead, and then renewed the fight. Fresh troops also came to the front and continned the advance through the fallen timber, slowly driving the enemy from log to Log. At 2.30 or 3 oclock, while near the fallen timber, and not more than 250 or 300 yards from the enemys battery in the field, I saw that our men had on the left advanced con- siderably into the fallen timber, and appeared to be not far from the battery. At this time, by order of General Anderson, I directed the Twenty-eighth Virginia, that was under cover of the fallen timber, to advance. They moved to the front through the logs and brush with alacrity and in as good order as the difficulties of the ground would pern~it. Passing by and to the left of the Twenty-eighth Virginia, I saw that our men were not far from the enemys battery, having approached to within seventy-five or eighty yards. The pieces had ceased to fire, but were defended by the infantry beyond, who, under cover, were firing over the battery (already deserted) at our own men. This firing was kept up sharply for some minutes, when our men made a rush at the battery, which was taken in fine style; and not stopping to gather trophies, they pursued the enemy beyond the battery and drove him into the wood 200 yards distant. Twenty-five or thirty prisoners were taken beyond the battery. The battery was entered first by Captains ~ and Smiths companies, Ninth Alabama, and Lieutenant Jones, of the Nineteenth Mississippi, with the colors, and twenty or thirty men of Captain Mullins company of that regiment. The remaining companies of the Ninth followed the first-named corn- panics. Soon after our men were in the battery two shots were fired into the battery from one of our redoubts. In order that our artillery might know that the battery was ours, Lieutenant Jones, Nineteenth Mississippi, mounted one of the pieces and waved the flag of his regi- mnent. Upon reaching the battery a few minutes after it was taken, I found the Ninth Alabama and a small portioim of the Nineteenth Mis- sissippi, and the Twenty-eighth Virginia, just having entered the bat- tery; and being apprehensive that the enemy, who had been seen to retire to the woods beyond, might endeavor to retake the battery, I ordered the troops then therethose above named (Ninth Alabam Page 94 94 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.,.& W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. and Twenty-eighth Virginia, Lieutenant Jones, Nineteenth Missis- sippi)to reform into line and to take the woods beyond the battery. This order was obeyed with greatest promptness and spirit. All seemed eager (although they had been nnder fire five honrs) to renew the conflict, and charged into the woods and were engaged at once with the enemy, and had to snstain themselves nnder a heavy fire from supe- rior nnmbers till re-enforcements came. When the move into the woods was ordered I sent an officer to the major-general commanding to ask that support might be sent to these troops. Soon after, seeing troops at a distance approaching, I walked along the road in the direction of Williamsburg, and met Colonel Ward, Second Florida, and at his request pointed out to him where our men were engaged in the woods. Upon the arrival of Colonel Wards regiment in the woods the Ninth Alabama retired, having exhausted its ammunition. I then ordered them to the rear to look after their wounded, it being now late in the afternoon. I now assisted in rallying and forming some troops in a ravine running perpendicular to the road and just at the edge of the fallen timber. I remained here till (lark, then joined the Tenth Ala- bama and returned to Williamsburg. The Ninth Alabama had already returned to their camp; the Nineteenth Mississippi followed. The Tenth Alabama and Nineteenth Mississippi reached their camp after 11 oclock at night. In closing my report I beg to assure you that during the entire day our men and officers behaved with a coolness and gallantry that should inspire the utmost confidence in the success of our cause, and for the future we have but to seek the enemy and the valor of our troops and the justice of our cause will insure their destruction and peace to our country. Where there was such uniform good conduct with both men and officers, it is difficult to particularize and to commend to special notice without failing to mention many that are deserving of praise. I must, however, call to your favorable notice the deeply lamented Col- onel Mott, Nineteenth Mississippi, who fell in the thickest of the fight, while bravely leading and commanding his men; to Captain Macon, sante regimeut, severely wounded while skirmishing in advance of his regiment. To his report as to the position and strength of the enemy is due in great part our success in driving him out from the standing timber from behind the fences. To Captains Martin, ilardin, 1-larris, Coffey, and McKenzie (the two latter wounded); to Lieutenant Jones, who bore the flag of his regiment into the enemys battery; Lieutenan4j- Colomiel Lamar, who, after the fall of the colonel of the Nineteenth Mis- sissippi, assumed command of the regiment and commanded it during the continuance of the fight with great courage and skill. In the Ninth Alabama, I commend to your favorable notice Captain Murphy, who was conspicuous throughout most of the day for his coolness and cour- age, and late in the day fell, supposed to be mortally wounded; Cap- tain (lillis, same regiment, severely wounded, was much distinguished for his soldierly bearing till he was dmsabled by a severe wound; Lieu- ten ant McDonald, also severely wounded; Captains Smith and Warren and Lieutenant May deserve praise for their conduct at the capture of the enemys battery; to Colommel Henry, Ninth Alabama, for the pronipt- ness with which he moved his regiment to the attack of the enemy, and afterward, after The battery was taken, to the manimer in which he con- ducted his regiment into the woods beyond; in the Tenth Alabama, to Lieutenant-Colonel Formiey, who fell severely wounded while encourag- ing his men in the thickest of the fight; to Captain Caldwell for his gal- lantry in rallying and encouraging his men when under a heavy fire Page 95 CHAP. Lxiii] OPERATIONS IN SHENANDOAH VALLEY. 95 This regiment was but little time under my direction during the fight, but from the report of its colonel I know than the regiment was in the front in the advance upon the enemy, and that the dead of the enemy marked the line of its advance. To Surgeon Peel, of the Nineteenth Mississippi, and chief surgeon of the brigade, and also to Surgeon Minor, of the Ninth, and Surgeon Walls, of the Tenth Alabama, much praise is due for the care and attention they bestowed on the woui~ded. Each of the surgeons was near the field during the battle. I inclose herewith a list of the killed and wounded. It will be seen that there were 231 killed and wounded. Of this number the Ninth Alabama, 333 strong, lost 61. Six of this number were missing. The Tenth Alabama, 320 strong, lost 70. The Nineteenth Mississippi, 501 strong, lost 100. To my personal staff, Capt. W. A. Harris, assistant adjutant-general, and Lieut. T. IR. Reading, Nineteenth Mississippi, I am indebted for much valuable assistance freely rendered on the field. They were prompt in transmitting orders, and performed all duty required of them cheerfully, taking them, as it frequeiitly did, under the hottest fire. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. M. WILCOX, Brigadier- General, Commanding Brigade. Capt. U. M. SORREL, Assistant Adjutant- General. [11.] MAY 15JUNE 17, 1862.Operations in the Shenanddah Valley, Va. Report of Lient. Daniel B. Timmons, Fourth Ohio Infantry, commanding pioneer detachment, of engagement at Port Republic, June 8. LURAY, VA., June 11, 1862. Captain OLMSTED: According to your orders I prepared to burn the bridge at Port Republic and stationed the pioneers awaiting orders. Colonel Carroll went across the bridge. On his return he gave no orders. Soon the rebel cavalry dashed upon the bridge and I ordered the men to fire it. The rebels put out the flue. The pioneers guarded the rear by chop- ping down trees to obstruct the road. Yours, truly, D. li. TIMMONS, [12.1 Lieatenant. ADDENDA. HEADQUARTERS SHIELDS DIVISION, Front Royal, Ye., June 4, 1862. Capt. E. B. OLMSTED: SIR: You are directed to send a detail of forty pioneers with a lieu- tenant to accompany the command under Colonel Carroll to Port Republic. Be particular to instruct your men to burn the bridge at that place. I am, captain, very respectfully, J. H. SWIGAlIT, Lieutenant of Volunteers and Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen. [12. Page 96 96 MD,E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W ,, & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. KAY 2731, l862.Reconnaissance from Norfolk, Va., to Edenton, N. C. Report of Cot. Charles C. Dodge, First New York Mounted Rifles. HEADQUARTERS MOUNTED RIFLES, - Norfolk, Va., May 31, 1862. SIR: In accordance with instructions from general head quarters ordering a reconnaissance of the roads runniiig south from Portsmouth and in the general vicinity of the Elizabeth City road, the surrounding country, & c., I started at daybreak oii the morning of Tuesday, May 27, with 140 men, in the direction ordered, taking the road through Deep Creek. a village of about 500 inhabitants, eight miles from this city, at the junction of the Dismal Swamp Canal and Deep Creek River, passing thence by the canal road, ai~d having met with 110 incident of importance on the march, we bivouacked for the night at South Mills, a small town of about 250 inhabitants, thirty miles from Portsmouth. The canal, locks, & c., seemed to be in good order until reaching a point some six miles above South Mills, where a break in the 1)ank was dis- covered, causing an overflow of considerable land lying to time west. ward. Thirteen schooners ready for use were lying at different points of the canal, deserted, no one being able to inform me of the where- abouts of their owners. Wednesday morning I moved on to Elizabeth City, fourteen miles from South Mills, and a place of some 2,000 inhab- itants, for the purpose of opening communication with tile forces of Gen- eral I3nrnsmde there, and gaining what information they might imave in regard to the country about, and tIme general feeling of the people, & c., believing it to be of great advantage in carrying out the object of the reconnaissance. Just beyond South Mills a small earth-work was passed, which had been thrown up at time fork of the road to oppose the approach of troops from the south. Apparently imo guns had been mounted there. Just below this point deep cuts in the canal banks had been made, causing so extensive an overflow of the road as to render it impassable, oblmgmng a detour of about two miles. About five miles farther on, at Richardsons Mills, a somewhat extensive intrenclmument was found, with embrasures for six guns, four on the right and two on the left of the road, a work strong On account of its position, being flanked on one side by a deep swamp and on the other by woods almost impenetrable; to the front was a ravirme and one arm of the swamnp, obliging an approach by but one narrow road or causeway, tIme entire opening in the woods and the road being well commanded by any guns which may have been mounted on the work. Some 24-pounder shot were found in the vicinity. On our arrival at Elizabeth City, the flags of the gun-boat Morse (General Burmmsides fleet), lying in the harbor, were raised, and we were warmly received. I immediately went on board the gun-boat to communicate with Captain hays, commanding the naval force there, assuring him of my purpose, merely desiring to obtain what intelligence he might have as regards time state of the coun- try, the condition of the roads, feeling of the people, & c. He informed me that there were many residents of the neighborhood who were strongly attached to the Union, but feared to expmiess their loyalty, owing to the constant oppression by the leading secessionists there of any loyal subjects. Already numerous arrests of these oppressors had been made, and Captain Hays strongly urged my marching through a district of the country more interior than that as yet visited by the forces from the gun.boats, to encourage any Union feelimig which migh Page 97 CHAP. LXIII.] RECONNAISSANCE TO EDENTON, N. C. 97 exist, and to intimidate the secessionists by the presence of a Federal force. Accordingly 11 left Elizabeth City about 3 oclock, en route for llertford, twenty miles distant, and arrived there at about 11 p. in., finding much difficulty in passing many parts of the road, most of which was corduroy and badly cut up from the late freshets and rain, render- ing it sometimes almost impassable, deep gullies made by the torreuts being filled with water. The bridge over the Pasquimans [Perquimans] River is merely a floating raft, fastened to the bank at either end by hawsers. The center of the raft is a draw for the passage of small craft, and is sustained by merely a chain and iron piii. This had evi- dently been removed by parties cognizant of our approach, and although great cautiou was used in moving over but a small number at a time, after a part of the advance guard had passed the draw sank, with eight men and horses on it. These were precipitated into the water, which at that place was very deep and rapid. All the men and six of the horses were, by the means of ropes and small boats, safely landed. Two of the horses unfortunately were lost; one being drawn by the force of the current under the bridge was drowned, the other carried so rapidly down the stream as to render it impossible to regain hiiu. After severe labor of about an hour the draw was again fastened, so as with the greatest care to permit the crossing of my entire command, most of the officers and myself standing deep in water for nearly two hours, stationed at different parts of the bridge superinteuding the crossing. At Hertford the inhabitants for the most part are very bitter in opposition to the Government, although a few good Union men were found, who delighted in our coming and begged us to remain. In the morning we started for Edenton, twelve miles distant, meeting with no incidents of importance on the way, the road being good, and the sur- rounding country much higher and more fertile than we had previously met. At Edenton we were kindly received by the people, who insisted upon preparing food for the men and entertaining the officers. It was impossible, however, to remain long, and consequently after having called on the mayor, a decided Union man, and conversed with some of the leading citizens, who assured me of a strong Union sentiment prevailing in the district, and having gained information of the roads, & c., lying towards Suffolk, I determined to return by that route, con- sidering it of much importance to become acquainted with the coun- try, the state of the roads, their termini, & c., leading oat of Suffolk, as in case of military operations in that direction such information would be of the greatest value. We marched on that afternoon to Minton- ville, twenty-three miles, just beyond which place I bivouacked for the night. On the way I learned that large numbers of troops were still continuing to leave that section for the Southern Army, and while at Mintonville a slave boy came in desiring to be taken North. From him I gained information of his master being an officer in the Confederate Army, and that he was constantly mastering in recruits with the inten- tion of soon taking them to Richmond or Petersburg. Agreeable to this information I started with my command at 2 a. m. and marched rapidly on to Sunbury, six miles distant, near which place this officer resided, surrounding his house. I aroused him from his bed and oblig- ing him to mount one of his own horses, I carried him on. Learning from him the names of the officers of his regiment who were in the vicinity, I left the remainder of my force to move on some miles and breakfast, and started with twenty picked men and a lieutenant in a 7 R RYOL LI, PT Page 98 98 MD., K N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. northwest direction for a point six miles distant, compelling my pris- oner to act as guide in search of the other rebel officers. All of them were secured by 6 a. in.; most of them surprised iii their beds, no one having an idea of the presence of a Federal force anywhere in the vicinity till their house was surrounded rand] they themselves summoned to accompany us. One colonel, 1 captain, and 4 lieutenants were thus taken and have been safely conducted to headquarters at Norfolk, with the exception of the captain, who was so unwell that on taking the oath of allegiance was released. The commissions of all but one of the offi- cers, the muster-rolls, & c., of the regiment, with other valuable papers, were obtained from the colonel. From these officers I learned that six companies of the regiment, (the Seventh Regiment, Second Brigade, North Carolina Troops) were already at the seat of war; the other com- panies were being rapidly filled up, with the undoubted intention of their soon leaving for Richmond or Petersburg. This latter informa- tion I gained from people living in the vicinity and from themselves; also that 500 men had crossed the Chowan River within the past week, 105 having left the day before my arrival at Gatesyille. Nothing of further moment occurred on the way to Suffolk. The roads from Portsmouth to Elizabeth City, bordering the canal, generally good, from Elizabeth City to Jlertford for the most part cor- duroy, and on account of the late rains in a very bad condition, at somne points impassable for artillery; from llertford to Edenton good; from Edenton to Suffolk, via Mintonville and Sunbury, fair, although very sandy most of the way; near Suffolk through time Cypress Swamps deep cuts in the road have been formed by the raimi so that the water at present is breast high for the hoises. The Dismal Swamp country is low, marshy, and very unhealthy. Greater part of the other districts tlmrongh which I passed seemns high and fertile. The crops, however, principally corn, wheat, & c., have been destroyed by the severe spring rains, so that many are really suffering for the necessaries of life. The water along the canal is bad, in other districts generally good and healthy. The sentiment of the people along the route seems much divided, a strong Union feeling undoubtedly existing, fear of Southern power, persecution, and future retribution alone preventing a decidedly loyal expression of it. Much of the road leads through dense woods with thick underbrush. These roads are generally narrow. Extensive clearings are, however, to be met with. There appears but little undu- lation in the country, and but few points commanding any extended range could be found. I have great pleasure in reporting the admira- ble condition of both horses and men. All have returned but the horses mentioned, and notwithstanding the almost unprecedented ra- pidity of the nmarch, with the difficulty of l)rocuring either forage or rations, the in en are more hale and hearty than when starting out, and the horses appear strong and well, apparently but little exhausted by time extreme fatigues of the march. All have undoubtedly gained expe- rience which will be of great value to them in future service, and seem only the more eager for active, constant work. Trusting the report may meet with your approval, I have the honor to remain, general, most respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. C. DODGE, Commanding First Regiment Mounted Rift~s. Brig. CTen. E. L. VIELE, Military aovernor of Norfolk, & c. [9 Page 99 CHAP. LXIII.] BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS, OR SEVEN PI~E~, VA. 99 MAY 31JUNE 1, 1862.Battle of Fair Oaks, or Seven Pines, Va. Report of Gol. William W. II. Davis, One hundred and fourth Pennsylvania Infantry. DOYLESTOWN, PA., June 25, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the part taken by my regiment in the battle of Fair Oaks, or Seven Pines, fought on the 31st day of May: About 12.30 oclock noon an aide-de-camp of General Casey came to my quarters on the Nine-Mile Road and ordered me to get my regi- ment under arms immediately. In a few minutes afterward it was formed on the color line cut in the bushes. I had but eight companies in line, the other two being on picket. My effective strength was a little less than 400 men. Shortly after we were formed another aide came to my quarters with orders to move the regiment out by the left flank to a clearing between the Nine-Mile and Williamsburg roads to support Spratts battery of 10-pounders. We marched along a path I had caused to be cut through the bushes a few days before, and formed line in the edge of the timber a little to the right and rear of the battery. I had hardly dressed my line when I was ordered to advance my regiment into the clearing in front, which was done as quickly as possible. To attain this position we had to cross the abatis formed to prevent the approach of the enemy, and my line was a considerable distance in front of the battery I was sent to support. rfhe right of the regi- ment rested on the timber which flank in on that side. Skirmishing had been going on before we arrived on the field, and soon afterward the skirmishers came miming in, pressed back by the enemy. The enemys bullets fell in my ranks while the line was being formed. Never- tbeless, the regiment was dressed with the precision of a dress parade. We opened with a general volley, the first fired that day, which announced the action commenced in earimest, and until it was concluded there was a perfect rattle of musketry and roar of artillery. The men beganto fall, killed and wounded, but there was no faltering. Every officer and man stood up to his work. Seeing a movement of the enemy on our right as though about to flank us in that direction, Companies A and D were pushed into the timber to prevent it. The enemy now came out of the tiniber and pressed down upon us in overwhelming numbers. Their fire was withering. We had now been under fire about an hour and a half, and our ranks were much thinned. The enemy was now pressing me hard in front and on the right flank, and their fire had approached so near as to endanger the battery. Under these circum- stances I ordered a charge, the regiment at the word springing for~vard and advancing with a loud hurrah toward the enemy. It had the effect of gaining time and enabled us to hold the enemy longer in check. See- ing I must relinquish my ground unless re-enforced, I sent Lieutenant Ashenfelter to General Casey on the Williamsburg road, with the reqnest that he would send me a regiment to support the One hundred and fourth. lie passed twice between the two armies unharmed. He sent word that if I could hold my position a few minutes longer he would re-enforce me. The fight had now raged two hours with great fierceness, and almost one-half my regiment had fallen. In this part of the field the One hundred and fourth was contending singlehanded with overwhelming numbers. We could hold our ground no longer, and the superior numbers of the enemy and the want of the promised sup- ports compelled us to retire. The men left the ground slowly and sul- - leimly and retired down the Nine Mile Road to near where it joins th Page 100 100 MD., E. N. C., PA,, VA., EXCEPT S. W~, & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Williamsburg road, where they halted and later in the day fell into line to resist the approach of the enemy. Company F came in from the picket-line during the afternoon and took part in the action toward the close of the day. Company E was less fortunate. It was surrounded by the enemy on the picket line, and Lieutenant Croll and about sixty men were captured. Among our wounded was MaJ. Johu M. Gries, who was mortally shot in the hip while attempting to rescue the colors, which were brought off in safety. He died a few days afterward in Philadelphia. Lieutenant McDowell was killed on the field, and his body fell into the hands of the enemy. In addition, I had 9 officers wounded ,166 non-commissioned officers and privates killed and wounded, and 02 taken prisoners. Both officers and men are particularly notice. able for their good conduct; and among others, Chaplain Gries made himself very useful in attending upon the wounded. I received a rifle bullet in my left elbow and was hit by a spent ball on my left breast, and am now at my home recovering from my wounds. I remain, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, W. W. H. DAVIS, Colonel 104th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. GEORGE H. JOHNSTON, Assistant Adjutant- General. ~11.] JUNE 5, 1862.Skirmish at New Bridge, Va. Report of Capt. Charles 1V. ~S~quires, First Company Washington (La.) Artillery. DOCTOR GAnNETTS FARM ON CHICKAHOMINY RIVER, Six Miles from Richmond, June 5, 1862. DEAR COLONEL: We engaged the enemy this morning for one hour and a half and succeeded in driving his artillery from our range. I suffered no loss either in men or horses. The boys behaved with their usual coolness. We exploded one of the enemys caissons and killed several of their horses. The rifled guns did great execution. The enemy was so far off I had to order my 0-pounders from the field after firing several rounds from them. The infantry are still of the opinion that the Washington Artillery are some, and prefer us to all the rest of the artillery put together. Yours, & c., C. W. SQUIRES, Captain, Commanding First Company Washington Artillery. [Col. J. B. WALTON, Commanding Battalion Washington Artillery.] [11.] JUNE 25JULY 1, 1862.Seven Days Battles. Report of Lient. Col. Richard N. Batchelder, Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army, of operations July 1, 1862, to June 30, 1863. HEADQUARTERS SECOND ARMY CORPS, Chief Assistant Quartermasters Office, September 15, 1863. SIR: In compliance with General Orders, No. 13, from Quartermaster- Generals Office, I have the honor to submit the following report o Page 101 CHAP. LXIII.] SEVEN DAYS BATTLES. 101 the transactions connected with my duties as assistant quartermaster for the fiscal year ending June30, 1863: During the year 1862 I was employed as assistant quartermaster of the Second Division, Second Army Corps, Army of the Potomac. On the morning of July 1 the trains of this division were parked at Hax- alls Landing, on the James River, about three miles from the battle- field of Malvera Hill. In accordance with orders received during the afternoon the ammunition trains of the division (consisting of fifty wagons) were sent to Malvern Hill. During the night orders were received to move to Harrisons Landing in the following order: First, artillery; second, troops; third, trains. The artillery and troops hay- lug left the field the ammunition was moving into the road, when, under the direction of an officer of General McClellans staff; eleven teams that were in the rear were drawn together and blown up, saving only the saddle mules of each team. The remainder of the trains reached Harrisons Landing without accident early in the day and remained at this point until the 15th day of August, when we marched at 5 p. in., having previously shipped all the knapsacks belonging to the men and all the surplus baggage upon transports for the Potomac. The march was continued slowly during the night and the next day without halting, crossing the Chickahominy River on a pontoon bridge at 5 oclock in the afternoon and encamping on the opposite bank. On the morning of the 17th resumed the march for Hampton, arriving there at 3 a. in. of the 19th. On the 22d the transportation moved to Newport News, where the troops were embarked on the 25th, the trains being left for want of transportation. The troops reached Aquia Creek on the morn- ing of the 27th, and were mostly disembarked when orders were received to reship and proceed to Alexandria, where we arrived during the evening, and the next day went into camp about four miles from the city on the Centerville road. On the 30th the transportation began to arrive, which was immediately unloaded. The troops moved to Ten. nallytown and from thence to Centerville, returning on the 3d of Sep- tembe~ and encamping near Tennallytown. The transportation was ordered from Alexandria to Georgetown, and the knapsacks and stores shipped at Harrisons Landing were received. On the 5th the troops moved to Rockville, followed by the transportation on the 8th. The command resumed the march on the morning of the 9th, reaching Frederick City on the 14th. On the following day moved to the vicinity of the battle-field of Antietam, arriving at 2 a. m. on the 16th. The enemy opened fire on the train at daylight, when, after issuing rations to the troops, the teams moved back on the Boonsborough road about two miles, where they remained until the 19th, wheii they were moved up to the battle-field. On the 22d the command marched to Harper~s Ferry, fording the Potomac River and encamping on Bolivar Heights, remaining here until the 30th day of October, when crossing the Shenandoah River and moving down the line of the Blue Ridge by easy marches, arrived at Warrenton on the 9th day of November. On the 15th of the mouth the troops started on the march for Falmouth, Va., arriving within one mile of that place on the afternoon of the 17th, where they remained in camp until the 11th day of December. On this day the trains of the division were loaded ready for a march and parked with trains of the corps about two miles in the rear of Falmouth, remaining there until after the battle of Fredericksburg. They were then returned to their former camping ground. By Special Orders, No. 10, from War Department, January 8, 1863, I was assigned to the Second Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, a Page 102 102 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. chief assistant quartermaster, Maj. Gen. D. N. Couch commanding. On assumilig the duties of that position, my atteution was given to the general improvement of the transportation belonging to the corps, believing it to be ~ssential to the general interest and a necessary aux- iliary to every successful movement of the army that this department is at all times in good condition. Every effort was made to accomplish that object, and the result, after long and fatiguing marches over rough and precipitons roads, bears ample evidence that these efforts were not made in vain. On Wednesday, the 29th day of April, the First and Third Divisions of this corps, with seventy wagons loaded with ainrnu- nition, forty-five with supplies, and thirty with hospital stores and forage, moved from Falmouth to a point on the Rappahannock River near Banks Ford. The remainder of the train, consisting of 351 teams, was parked at Falmnouth. Each division train was supplied with thirty- live pack-saddles. 0mm the following day the command moved to United States Ford. On tIme 1st of May the troops moved across the liappa- hannock River on a pontoon bridge at United States Ford, followed by the ammunition trains, and encamped near the battle-field of Chancel- lorsville. During the several days engagements I was employed snper- intending the movements of the trains, iii forwarding ammunition and supplies to the front as they were required. The roads, which at this time were nearly impassable for heavy teams, were made worse by the heavy transportation that was constantly passing over them, and which rendered it necessary to resort to the pack-mule system as a more ready means of transportation, and for several days all the small-arm ammu- nition and supplies were conveyed on pack-mules. Impressed with the important and timely service rendered by this system of transportation, I improved the first opportunity to increase the supply. On Wednes- day, the 6th day of May, all time transportation iim this command returned to Falmouth in a good condition and ready for active and immediate service. The trains remained at this place until the 14th of June. Early on that day they moved forward by way of Stafford Gourt-llonse and Dumfries, arriving near Fairt~ax Station on time fol- lowing Wednesday, where supplies were obtained. On the 19th the command moved to Centerville; on the next day to Thoroughfare Gap, over the Warrenton turnpike, the Third Division remaining at Gaines- ville to protect the lines of railroad. The First and Second Divisions moved on, arriving at the gap about midnight of the 20th. The several trains remnained at the respective places until morning of the 25th when they moved to Gum Springs and were joined by time Third Divisioim train. When passing through ilaymarket the enemys cavalry in con- siderable force made some demonstration on our rear, but no loss or injury was sustained by the train. On the 26th the march was con- tinued, arriving at Edwards Ferry early in the afternoon, wheim we crossed the Potomac River on pontoon bridges and parked the teams in the vicinity of Poolesville, Md. Forage and supplies were obtained here. The next day the train moved on through Poolesville, Barnes- yule, and Hyattsville, parking at Urbana. On the 28th moved on to and parked at Monocacy Junction, near Frederick City. On the 29th the command moved at 8 a. in., passing through Liberty aiid Johns. ville, arriving at Uniontown at 11 p. in., having marched thirty-omme miles during the day. Here the train remaimmed in park to the end of the nmonth. No better evidence of the condition of the trains could be given than that during this march, embracing a period of seventeen days and accomplished under many difficulties, iio serious accident or delay occurred. Time amount of transportation allowed by genera Page 103 CRAP. LXJJI.] SEVEN DAYS BATTLES. 103 orders, headquarters Army of the Potomac, has been strictly adhered to, and I would respectfully suggest the following changes, which,.in my opinion, would add much to the efficiency of the movements of troops and safety of the trains: I. During a campaign the amount of necessary transportation could be materially reduced by allowing no wagons for officers baggage or snpl)lies, compelling them to transport their shelter-tents rations, & c., by their horses [and] servants. The adoption of some l)lan of this char- acter would reduce the transportation of the army fully 20 per cent. and very sensibly increase its power of rapidity of motion. II. The quantity of small-arms ammunition transported is largely in excess of the amount required. For instance, at the battle of Chan- cellorsyille, out of fifty teams loaded with small-arms ammunition, but nine loads were expended, and at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., where this corps lost nearly one-half of its whole number in killed and wounded but fourteen loads were used out of sixty. Three wagons of the five for every 1,00~) men, now required by existing orders, would be sufficient to tra~nsport more ammunition than has been expended in any two bat- tles during the war. lIT. The transportation assigned to hospital supplies is about 12 per cent. of the whole amount. It can and should be reduced at least ouch alf. IV. Every person connected with the train should be xvell armed with navy revolvers or carbines, so that every train will be able to protect itself and relieve a large number of soldiers who are assigned for guard duty. V. Brakes that can be operated by the teamster while upon his team should be placed upon all the wagons. Much time and a large amount of wear and tear could be saved thereby. Iii the annexed table* is shown in a consolidated form the property for which 1 am accountable, amount remaining on hand, received, tramis- ferred, lost or abandoned, and the amount of money received, disbursed, and re~maining on hand during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1863. * * * * * * R. N. BATCHELDUI, Lieutenant- Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster of Volunteers. QUARTERMASTER GENERAL U. S. ARMY. [11, 12, 19, 21, 25, 27.] Report of Lient. Vol. William H. Owen, Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army, of operattons June 28, 1862, to June 30, 1863. IIIDQRS. FIFTH ARMY CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Camp near Culpeper, Va., September 19, 1863. GENERAL: In accordance with General Orders, No. 13, from your effice, dated July 22, 1863, 1 have the honor to make the following report: On the 30th day of June, 1862, I was acting as assistant quartermas- ter with the Second Brigade, First (Kearnys) Division, Third Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, the same brigade to which I had been attached in the same cap~tcity since its formation in August, 1861. It Omitted Page 104 104 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. was commanded by Brig. Gem ID. B. Birney, and consisted of five regi- ments, viz, Third and Fourth Maine, Thirty-eighth, Fortieth, and One hundred and first New York. About 8 p. m. of the evening of Satnr- day, June 28, T redeived orders to move the train of the brigade across White Oak Swamp, to abandon all tents and camp equipage except what was absolutely indispensable, and to carry all the subsistence stores possible. Throughout the brigade about thirty wall and a few common tents and a small amount of clothing and camp equipage (the precise amount and value of which was never reported to me) were destroyed. The train, consisting of forty-two army wagons, left camp about 9 p. m. and took up the line of march toward White Oak Swami), which was crossed about daylight without accident except the loss of one wagon (for which I was not responsible), which broke down beyond repair. We halted about 9 a. m. (Sunday, 29th) at Charles City Cross- Roads to await orders, in company with the greater part of the trans- portation of the army, which had crossed the swamp during the night. Meanwhile the battles of Peach Orchard and Savage Station, the cannonading of which was plainly audible, were being fought. During the day and night we remained at the same place, vainly seeking orders and vainly attempting to ascertain the route to be taken and the time to take it. Experience had not then tanght, what it has since, the value of organization and the importance on a march of moving large trains, the train of a division, or even a corps, as a unit, in one body, with one director. At that time the division quartermaster troubled himself very little about the movement of his brigade trains; the corps quartermaster not at all. Generally brigade trains were moved as units, without connection with other brigades of the same division. In the same corps, therefore, there were nine distinct and independent trains instead of one, or at most three. The confusion arising from conflicting orders and conflicting interests was multiplied in similar proportion. Monday morning, the 30th, without orders or definite information, we jQined the current of wagons setting toward Malvern Hill after a hard fight for the road, no officer being present with authority to prescribe the route that trains should take or the order of march. At all narrow places or cross-roads, where other trains came in, there was the usual conflict, cutting in and breaking up the trains, degenerating sometimes into personal contests between officers, teamsters, and wagon-masters, and very often in the breaking of wagons and the killing or maiming of public animals. With infinite labor I at last got my train into the road and together, and after a few hours march we reached Malvern Hill, on the summit of which, overlooking the valley of James River, I parked my train. Our forces having retreated from Savage Station on Sunday night, made a stand at Charles City CrossRoads, where on Monday, the 30th, was fought the battle of Glendale or Nelsons Farm, while the trains were moving from that place to Malvern Hill. During the night the troops again retreated amid once more made a stand at Maivern Hill, and on Tuesday, July 1, was fought the last and severest 6f the famous seven-days battles. My train had by this time united with that of the Third Brigade (the First having gone oft to Harrisons Landing by another road on its own account), and both were now under the direction of Capt. M. Pinner, division quartermaster. Nearly the whole transportation of the army was parked on the great plateau of Malvern Hill during Monday night, and remained there Tuesday mnorning in plain view of the enemy and within easy reach of his shells. It was not until this began to be demonstrated that the trains coin- inenced to move down the hill out of range. I could not learn, thoug Page 105 CHAP. LXIII.] SEVEN DAYS BATTLES. 105 I sought the information in many quarters, that any orders whatever were given about the trains. It would seem that each quartermaster acted oii his own responsibility and according to the best of his judg- ment, unenlightened ~by any knowledge of the roads, the position of the enemy, or the intended future movements of our own troops. Our own train did not get in range until late in the afternoon. It was for- tunately hidden from the enemy by a clump of trees, and though some shells fell in close proximity, no damage was done. The teamsters, partly citizens (white) and partly soldiers, showed no timidity or dis- position to abandon their teams. We l)arked that night about two miles beyond Malvern Hill, near ilaxalls Landing, having been informed that that line of defense would be held an(I this would be the depot of supplies. That night it was decided otherwise, and before morning nearly the whole army had passed us, going toward Harri- sons Landing. We had received no notification of the fact. At daylight Wednesday, the 2d, we fell in with the line of wagons, marching that day about four miles, the single road being blocked with troops, artillery, and army wagons, and now become almost impassable by reason of the heavy rain and the passage of the immense artillery trains. We passed that night in the road without unhitching the teams or unsaddling horses, expecting momentarily to move on, but unable to do so, the roads being blocked in front. Thursday, July 3, found us still in the road not ten feet from where we were at dark the night before. A gloomy and unpromising prosI)ect was before us. We were six miles from Harrisons Landing. The whole army had passed. Not a corporals guard was left for rear defense. At least 1,500 wagons in a dozen long lines, pointing toward a narrow road (possible but for a single line), struggled for precedence and neutralized each others efforts in the struggle. The. mud was almost unfathomable. As the day advanced with scarcely a diminution in the almost interminable string of wagons, matters began to grow moLe critical. The gun-boats were shelling the woods in our rear. The enemy might be expected momentarily. There was nothing to prevent them, if they had chosen to come. Five hundred mounted resolute men might, in my opinion, have captured 1,000 prisoners and half the transportation of the army. Almost a panic ensued. Many wagons stuck in the mud, which might have been extricated with a little effort, were abandoned, with their loads. Many one-horse ambulances were burned. An immense quan- tity of public stores and private baggage was thrown out of the wagons and l)lundered and destroyed by. stragglers. Several companies of cavalry sent to hurry up the wagons, and to assist them, I suppose, em- ployed their time, with the exception of a few men who worked of their own accord, in breaking open and rifling trunks and other private baggage, undeterred by their officers, who either would not or could not control them, and were deaf to all entreaties for assistance. I saw wagons stuck in the mud block th~ road for half aii hour in front of a large squad of these men without their making the least effort to extri- cate them, the commanding officer of the regiment at the same time saying that he had orders to destroy every wagon that had not passed that point by a given time. I sent forward to the brigade for a detail of fifty men. They came promptly. By their aid I not only got my own train through without loss of any kind, but was able to render assist- ance to many others. As the enemy did not advance upon this road most of the wagons were saved, but it might have easily been otherwise. Thursday afternoon I reached the landing with my train and there parked. The following day, July 4, joined the troops, which were in camp about one mile distant Page 106 106 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., 4~ W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. The next six weeks were occupied in reorganizing the broken and scattered army, in recruiting the physical forces of the men and refnr- nishing them with the clothing and camp eqnipage, the arms and mate- rial which had been lost, abandoned, and lavishly wasted. The trans- portation, so far as my brigade is concerned, was good, and had suffered very little detriment on this severe march, but during onr stay at Harrisons Landing much of the forage was bad, the hay rotten, the corn moldy. The animals snifered accordingly; many (lied. The troops were supplied with an almost entirely new outfit of clothing and camp equipage. Such had been the severity of the march and of the fighting that all incumbrances had been abandoned or thrown away everything but the arms of the men and the clothes they stood in. Thursday, August 14, the movement to evacuate the Peninsula, ordered some time previously, was commenced. August 15, the Third Corps broke up camp and took the road toward Williamsburg. August 17, reached Williamsburg. August 18, marched to Yorktown. August 20, the troops embarked and sailed for Alexandria. September 57, the wagons and animals were embarked on different transports. Septem- ber 8, sailed for Alexandria. September 11, reached Alexandria. The wagons remained at Yorktown till September 5, no transportation being provided for them. Without, of course, knowing all the causes, and therefore being incompetent to judge whether or not the delay in furnishing transpor- tation for the wagons and animals at Yorktown might have been pre- vented, it was certainly an unfortunate circumstance, involving serious results to the troops and causing great loss in animals on account of the scarcity and poor quality of forage furnished. With scarcely an exception, the hay was rotten, and the grain, kept for many months in the same vessels, was so moldy as to cause great fatality among the animals that fed upon it. My own losses were very serious at this time, though my mules were not inferior in condition to amiy in the army. September 1214, the wagons and animals were disembarked at Alex- andria, and immediately joined the troops then stationed in the vicinity of Fort Barnard. Not having been with the troops during the oper- atioiis under Pope that occurred from August 25 to September 1,11 can- not, of course, speak of them from my own knowledge, nor as far as I am aware, did anything occur during those operations connected with my own brigade pertinent to the present narrative. From the nature of the case during the momentous period of forced marching and des- perate fighting, the troops unfortunately derived very little assistance from our department. After the death of Kearny, General l3mrney took command of the division, and Colonel Ward, of the Thirty-eighth New York, of the brigade. About September 12, General Stoneman relieved General Birney, and the division was ordered to Poolesville to guard the lower fords of the Potomac. We left camp on the evening of Sep- tember 15, and reached Poolesville without particular event in three days march. The brigade remained at Poolesville about one month, during which nothing of special moment occurred. October 18, the brigade moved about four miles to the vicinity of Whites Ford, ~vhere it remained ten days. October 29, the division crossed the Potomac at Whites Ford, and encamped upon the right bank. October 30, marched to Leesburg. November 2, left Leesburg and commenced time march, which, with a temporary delay at Warrenton, was continued till we reached Falmoath. November 5, the division reached Carters IRun, in the neighborhood of Waterloo, where we again umiited with the main body of the army, which had crossed the Potomac at Berlin and Harpers Ferry Page 107 CRAP. LXIII.] SEVEN DAYS BATTLES. 107 During the march some public and private property, principally medi- cal stores, was left nuder guard at the little village of Mount Gilead for want of transportation, fifteen of the brigade teams having been ordered back to the river for subsistence stores. This property was afterward captured by the enemy, together with the guard left over it. The inci- dent shows the importance of division supply trains, which had not at that time been organized, at least not throughout the army. November 14, General Stoneman having been placed in command of the Third Corps, General Birney took command of the First Division, and J com- menced to act as division quartermaster. November Th, the army left Warrenton for Fredericksburg. The Third Corps, taking the road by Bealeton Station, reached Falmouth November 20, and went into camp. On this march through Virginia, extending over a period of twenty days, the division to which I was attached had no engagement with the enemy. At Warrenton the division for the first time received a supply train. Made up as it was of convalescent horses and unbroken mnl~s, direct from corrals at Washington, it was nevertheless of assist- ance, and was the beginning of that system which after much experi- emince has at length been reduced to great perfection, and been productive of the most beneficial results. November 20 to December 1() no move- ment took place. The time was occupied in supplying the division with clothing, none having been received since we left Whites Ford. Decem- ber 10, the first movement against the enemy at Fredericksburg coin- menced and was disastrously completed by the withdrawal of our army across the Rappahannock on the 16th. During this time the trains were moved down the river a few miles without crossing, but again returned to the old camping ground. Nothing further of importance occurred during the year. December 27, 1 was transferred to the Sec- ond Division, Second Corps, Brigadier-General Howard commanding. Jannary 20, the second attempt to cross the river was commenced, commonly called the mud march. The Second Corps took no l)art in that march. From this time to April 27 the army remained in wmmder quarters. Early in the winter the soldiers had made the usual preparation to protect themselves against the inclemency of the weather, and were very comfortable. Huts of logs plastered with mud and covered with DAbri tents were the shelter universally adopted. They answered every purpose, and were not nnhealthful. The mules and other animals were usually protected by close hedges of pine, niostly uncovered. They not only did not suffer, but grew fat. April 27, commenced the celebrated movement, eventuating in the battle of Chancellorsville and the withdrawal, a second time, of our army from the right bank of the Itappahannock. My division co-operated with the Sixth Corps under General Sedgwick on that occasion. Crossed the river at Fredericksburg, assisted in storming th~ heights, and was left to guard the town, which, after the disastrous result of the battles at Chancellorsville became known, was again evacuated and the river recrossed. We returned to our old camping ground or near it. May 22, I was assigned by the War Department to the Fifth Corps, Major- General Meade commanding, as chief quartermaster, and entered upon the discharge of my duties there, June 1. June 5, the Fifth Corps (one division having already moved) left Stonemans switch and was posted along the Rappahannock River to gnard the fords from Banks to Kel- lys, drawing its supplies partly from Bealetoii. June 13, the corps coin- menced moving northward, passing through Morrisvihle, Catletts Sta- tion, Manassas Junction, Centerville, Gum Springs, and Aldie, reaching the latter place June 19. While at Aldie, the corps co-operated efficientl Page 108 108 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. IXIIL with Pleasonton ill his operation against the rebel cavalry. June 26, left Aldie, marching through Leesburg, crossing the Potomac at Edwards Ferry, and camping near the mouth of Monocacy, a march of about twenty miles. June 27, marched to Ballingers Creek, within three miles of Frederick City. June 28, General Meade assumed command 01 the army, and the next day the corps, under Major-General Sykes, commenced its march northward, camping that night at Liberty. June 30, continued the march, passing through Uniontown and camped at Union Mills after a march of twenty miles. The corps daring the next four days marched to Hanover in Pennsylvania, thence to Gettysburg, where it occupied the extreme left of our line, and took prominent part in the great battle there fought. The trains had beemi turned back, July 1, from Hanover and sent to Westminster, twenty-three miles from Gettysburg, where they remained till after the battle, and again rejoined the corps at Middletown. This brings me to the end of the fiscal year and consequently of my narrative.* W. II. OWEN, Lieutenant- Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster of Volunteers. Brig. Gen. M. C. MEWS, U. S. Army, Quartermaster- General. [11, 12, 19, 21, 25, 27.j Report of Lieut. Col. Stephen Aijiller, First ]Jliinn& sota Infantry. llmqns. FIRST REGIMENT MINNESOTA YOLIJNTEERS, Camp near Harrisons Landing, Va., July 5, 1862. Sin: In compliance with instructions from headquarters, I respect. fully report the part taken by this regiment in the battles of Allens Farm, Savage Station, Nelsons Farm, and Malverton: Colonel Sully having been placed in command of the brigade, owing to tjie illness of General Gorman, I took command of the regiment. Early in the morning of the 29th ultimo we took up our line of march from Fair Oaks, and fell back to Allens farm, when the enemy attacked us in force. For several hours, and until he retired, our artil. lery and infantry were hotly engaged. Here my regiment supported the Rhode Island battery, and was considerably exposed to the shells of the enemy, which it sustained with its usual coolness and gallantry. From this point we started about noon for Savage Station, distant about two miles, where we rested until about 4.30 or 5 p. in., when the enemy again commenced a fierce and terrible attack with artillery and infantry. General Sedgwick directed me to follow General Burns, who was gallantly advancing across the field to meet the foe and to hold my regiment about one hundred and fifty yards behind his line of bat- tle as a support. It soon became evident that he was being outflanked upon the left, and under his directions I advanced to that position on his line under a most galling fire of shell and musketry, which was returned with great effect. In a few moments my left, too, was out- flanked, when I threw seven of my companies at nearly right angles with the line of battle, extending one to the left and advancing another to the front as skirmishers; and held the ground until the Vermont regiment advanced to our assistance. Here we remained, slightly changing our position as circumstances required, until dark, when, the The remainder of this report, relating specially to administrative duties, & c., is omitted Page 109 CHAP. LXIII.] SEVEN DAYS BATTLES. 109 enemy having been driven back, we were ordered to resume our march. That gallant officer, General Burns, said to me on the next day, Your regiment did nobly, sir, and I heartily concur in the sentiment. On June 30, at the battle of Nelsons Farm, my regiment was niarched and countermarched, sometimes at double-quick, to different points of attack, and finally, under direction of General Dana, about sunset, the men threw away their knapsacks, blankets, & c., and charged upon the foe at a point in the edge of the wood which had just been abandoned by another Union regiment. We took the ground, and occapied the front of the line, under a heavy and continuous fire. Here we were attacked upon my right about dark by, as we learned from wounded prisoners, the Sixteenth North Carolina Regiment, but a few well- directed rounds from my line in that vicinity caused the enemy to has- tily retire, with considerable loss. At midnight, in obedience to instructions, I withdrew. At Malverton, on July 1, my regiment was for a considerable time under a heavy fire of shot and shell, after which it was placed in front in line of battle, and occupied the position until the next morning, when we were marched to this vicinity. I append a list of casualties to the regiment (during the three days named), a detail of which will be forwarded as soon as practicable. With a few exceptions our entire loss occurred at Savage Station. Killed, 6; wounded, 47; missing, 37; total, 90. To my officers and men I feel deeply indebted for the coolness, courage, and patience exhib- ited under the many trying circumstances through which we have just pas~ed- Very respectfully, your obedient servant, STEPHEN MILLER, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. DANIEL HEBARD, Acting Assistant Adjutant- ~iJeneral, (iormans Brigade. [11.1 Rep~rts of Col. B. Riddle Roberts and ]Jfaj. Lemuet Todd, First Penn sylvania Reserves, of operations June 2630. HDQRS. FIRST REGT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE CORPS, July 4, 1862. COLONEL: In accordance with directions received from the general commanding, 1 have the honor to report the following particulars of the engagement which occurred on the afternoon of June 26 at Beaver Creek Dam: During the course of the muorning of that day four of the companies, to wit, Company B (Captain Barton), Company H (Captain I)win), Company I (Captain Kaufman), and Company K (Lieutenant Sadler, commanding), had been sent forward under command of Lieutenant- Colonel Melntire as a fatigue party to work upon rifle-pits near Mechanicsville, taking with them their arms and accouterments only, and Companies C (Lieutenant Coates) and F (Lieutenant Huddleson) were engaged completing an earth-work in front of Captain De Harts battery. Company A (Captain Hooton) being absent at General McCalls headquarters, I was left with but three companies, to wit: Company D (Captain Hess), Company B (Captain Neff), and Company G (Captain Dobson). About 2 oclock I received direction from Gen- eral Reynolds to call in the companies under command of Lieutenant- Colonel Mclntire. The order was sent to them by the adjutant, and Page 110 110 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA [CHAP. LXI1I. also called in the companies at work near IDe Harts battery. A few moments after receiving this order the enemy opened on us with scat- tering shell. In a short time General Seymour arrived and informed me that he had giVen Lieutenant-Colonel IMiclntire orders to remaiu out near Mechanicsville and use three of his companies as skirmishers and one as a reserve, and directing me at the same time to deploy two companies, one on the right and one on the left of De Harts batter~~ for its support. Company D (Captain Hess) was at once thrown out on the right, and Company U (Captain IDobson) on the lcft. He also directed me to throw the remaining companies of the regiment in the rear of some temporary shelter in camp, which I did. These disposi- tions had scarcely been completed when Lieutenant-Colonel Mclntire arrived with Companies B (Captain Barton) and II (Captain IDwin), having sent the other two companies (I, Captain Kaufman, and K, Lieutenant Sadler) in advance for the purpose of supporting a section of Coopers battery. General Reynolds arrived at this moment and directed me to fall back into a road and place the men behind a hedge, which was done. Lieuteuant.Colonel Mclntire reported to me that his skirmishers engaged the enemy, discharged seven or eight volleys upon them, then fell back upon the rifle-pits, and there fired upon them again, and then joined the regiment in good order. While remaining in the road~ posted as I have stated, under a continuous fire of shell, the officers and men of the regiment behaved with a marked intrepidity and coolness. Between 4 and 5 oclock I was ordered by General Reynolds to advance up the road toward Mechanicsvi]le and form upon the right in rear of a woods, supporting Coopers battery. After advancing through the woods 1 took position upon the crest of a hill to the right of some rifle-pits and a battery, and in front of where another was soon after planted. The regiment had scarcely gained this posi- tion when the enemy, concealed in the woods below, opened upon me a galling fire of musketry, which was particularly severe upon the right of the line. This fire was returned by the regiment promptly and most effe~tively, and in less than an hour we had driven them from the woods and silenced their musketry. Occasional shots were, however, heard, though no injury was done by them. About 5 oclock on the morning of the 27th we left the field under orders. I regret to append a list of the killed and wounded, and as a passing tribute to those who fell can only say that they were among the bravest and best that we had. My thanks are due to the officers and men of the regimeiit for nuited good conduct and intrepid valor, and more especially to Lient. Col. H. M. Mclntire, Maj. Lemnel Todd, and Adjt. W. W. Stewart, for the prompt, self-sacrificing, and energetic manner with which they carried out the orders given them. The following is a list of tIme losses in the regiment: Aggregate Killed, 7; wounded, 20; missing, 6. 1 take occasion again to express my acknowledgments to both officers and men for gallantry and good conduct during the action of the 27th ultimo, in which the losses were as follows.* II. BIDDLE ROBERTS, Colonel First Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. The foregoing reports were made by Colonel Roberts and sent to bri- gade headquarters, but supposing them to have been lost, the above copies are handed in.. In the engagement of the 30th ultimo the regi- ment was charged with the support of Coopers battery and ordered to Nominal list (omitted~) shows 7 killed, 20 wounded, and 6 missing o a June 26, and 7 killed, 29 wounded, and 37 missing on June 27 Page 111 CHAP. LX1II.] SEVEN DAYS~ BATTLES. 111 rely exclusively upon the bayonet. When the order to charge ou the enemy was given, owing to a misapprehension of the order the three left companies charged toward the left along with a portion of the Fifth Regiment, and drove, the enemy out of the woods, completely routing them and taking a number of prisoners. The remaining six companies (Company A not being with the regimeut) charged the enemy as they advanced on Coopers battery, and drove them back into the woods on the right of the battery, after which they retired to their original posi- tion. On the enemy approaching a second time, they charged again, and a second time drove them back iuto the woods, and again retired to their first position. When the enemy approached in force against the battery on the right of the regiment the third charge was made against them, with like effect as the others. Before the regiment could rally they were attacked ou the left flank by a large force and com- pelled to retire. The three left companies were under the command of Maj. L. Todd and the six companies under command 6f Col. R. Biddle Roberts, assisted by Lieutenant-Colonel Melntire. During the entire engagement both officers and men behaved with gallantry and courage. I regret to say that the regiment suffered severely among its officers, many of them being wounded and others supposed to be killed, as they are missing and of whom we have no account. Previous to the engage- ment the regiment was out on picket duty about two miles in front of the battle-field, and discovered the enemy advancing in force, when they retired to camp and took the position assigned them in the action. I append a list of the losses.* 1 make the foregoing report in the absence of Colonel Roberts, who is not on duty by reason of sickness. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, LEML. TODD, Major, Comdg. First Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Vol. Corps. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. [11.] Report of Lient. Col. William ]IfcCandless, Second Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations June 2630. IIDQRS. 2n REGT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. CORPS, July 1, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that in the engagement of the 26th instant at Mechanicsvihle the Second Regiment occupied and main- tamed the right of the brigade immediately on the right flank of Cap- tain Coopers battery, and on line therewith, sustaining the following losses, viz, killed, 7; wounded, 1 lieutenant and 33 men (34); missing, 7, out of a force of 371 men, the whole force en gaged. In the action of the 27th instant, held at Gaines Mill, the Secomi Regiment was ordered by General Reynolds into a wood upon our left from which a number of regiments had been repulsed earlier in the day. The officers and men maintained their ground manfully for some time against the gall- ing cross fire of a largely superior force of the rebels, but were finally forced to retire into the open field, when the regiment was again driven back to the rear of our camp, sustaining a loss of killed, 4; in wounded, 1 captain, I lieutenant, and 22 men (24); missing, 20, out of an aggregate force of 321 men engaged. Iii the action of yesterday, 30th instant, * Nominal list (omitted) shows 11 killed, 85 wounded, and 38 missing Page 112 112 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., F~XCEPT S. XV.,& W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. the regiment was formed in line of battle on the left in the woods in the rear of Captain Coopers battery. The rebels having forced back our lines, we were ordered forward, and advanced up the hill beyond the battery and formed line in rear of some rising ground. At this point, attempting to charge the rebels in the woods, the line was broken and the regiment hnrled back to its original position, where it formed, along with broken fragments of other regiments, and maintained its fire until relieved by others. The list of the casualties were 2 men killed; 1 major, 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, and 26 men wounded (80); missing, 51, out of an aggregate force of 278 engaged, leaving now in line for duty 195. This is a detailed list of casualties, as far as I have been informed. I am, sir, very respectfully, & c., WILLIAM MOCANDLESS, Lient. Cot., Gomdg. Second Regt., Pennsylvania ReserCe Vol. Corps. Captain CLARK, Assistant Adjutant- General, Seyrnour~s Brigade. [11.] Report of Lient. Cot. Joseph W. Fisher, Fifth Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations June 2630. IIDQRS. FIFTH REGIMENT, PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES,. July 4, 1862. SIR: In accordance with Orders, No. , I have the honor to submit the following statement of the positions and work of this regiment in the recent battles near Richmond: On Thnrsday, 26th of June, the Fifth Regiment, in connection with the First Rifles (usually denominated Bncktails), were detailed for picket along the Chickahominy. Early in the day the enemy made his appearance on the right of our line, when a brisk skirmishing was com- menced and [kepti up unfil the afternoon, when the two regiments retired to Beaver Run, a small stream north of Mechanicsville. Our regiment was posted along the margin of a l)iece of woodland. Skirmishers were thrown out in front and one company posted in a rudely con- structed rifle-pit a little to the right and front of our right flank. I was put in command of the skirmishers and rifle-pit. About 3.30 oclock the enemy made his appearance in large force, when a terrific fire was opened and kept up until after dark, w hen the enemy retired, leaving large numbers of killed and wounded on the field. The Fifth Regiment lost in this engagement 7 killed, 64 wounded, and 12 missing. It would be hard to make any distinction in reporting the conduct of officers and men in this engagement, as all behaved with the most con- summate coolness and bravery. Our regiment lay down on the field just in rear of our line of battle, but received an order about midnight to march, which we did, and halted at Gaines Hill and participated in the battle of 27th ultimo. Our regiment was ordered to take a position near the right, which we took and held for nearly four hours under a heavy fire of the enemy. our officers and men behaving with great cool- ness and courage. We were kept under fire until our ammunition was exhausted, when our right flank was attacked by a brigade of the enemy and we were forced to retire, which we did in good order. In this engagement we lost: Killed, 5, among which was Capt. R. W. Sturrock, Company F; wounded, 43; missing, 8. Most of our missing in both engagements have since returned. At the battle of the 30th ultimo the Fifth Regiment again occupied an important position. Co Page 113 CHAP. LXIIT.] SEVEN DAYS~ BATTLES. 113 onel Simmons, of the Fifth Regiment, was in command of the First Brigade in place of General Reynolds, who had becit takeui prmoner Oil the 27th. The command of the regiment was intrusted to me. Soon after the battle commenced, I was ordered to charge the enemys right with parts of the Fifth, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth llegjments. The charge was lna(le, the enemy routed, and over 100 prisoners taken. The troops engaged in the charge were rallied and placed in position to make another dash at the enemy, but before this could be done the enemy came on us in such overwhelming force as to compel us to retire. in this encounter the Fifth lost several valuable officers and men. Among the former were the gallant Col. S. G. Simmons, of the Fifth Pennsylvania iReserves, who fell while gallantly urging and leading his men to the work; Capt. James Taggart, Compaiiy B, Fifth Regi- ment; Capt. Thomas Chamberlain, Company ID; Capt. John MeCleery, Company II; Lieutenant Riddle, Cornpany F; Lieutenant McFadden, Company ID; Lieutenant Hildebrand, Company G, all of whom were severely wounded and missingprobably afterward taken prisoners. Our loss in killed is 5; wounded, 67; in issing 59. Many of the wounded and missitig are un(loubtedly since dead. here again our officers and men behaved most admirably. I cannot but mention as deserving par- ticular notice Major Bare, of the Fifth, to whom as much as to any other is due the splendid success of the charge on the right. Adjutant Mason, although severely wounded, remained at his post during the entire day, doing his duty faithfully. Aggregate killed, wounded, and missing in three engagements, 270. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, J. W. FISHER, Lient. Cot., Commanding Pjth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserves. Capt. J. C. CLARK, Assistant Adjutant- General. [11.] Report ~f Lieut. Col. Henry B. MeKean, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations June 28Jnly 1. IIDQRS. 6Th REGT. INFTY., PENNSYLVANiA RESERVE CoRPS, Iliarrisons Landinq, Jaly 10, 18G2. SIR: In reply to circular just received from division headquarters, requiring a report of the action of regiments, & c., I have to state that the Sixth Regiment participated in n~ engagement recently. The regi- ment was stationed at Tunstalls from the 15th day of June to tile 28th of the same month, excel)t that the left wing was detaclled on the 19th and placed on duty at White House Landing. On the 28th the bat- talion at Tunstaifs received orders from General Stoneman to retire to White House. It reached the landing about 6 oclock that evening. Here the whole reginment embarked upon a steam transport aild pro- ceeded down the Pamunkey and York Rivers to Fortress Monroe, amid thence up James liver to Harrisons Landing, where it arrived Tuesday evening, July 11, 1862. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, H. B. MCKEAN, Lieutenant- Colonel, Cousmanding. Capt. JAMES C. CLNRK, Assistant Adjutant- General. [h1.j 8 R RVOL LI~ PT Page 114 114 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. ILXIII. Leport of Capt. Daniel S. Porter, Eleventh Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations June 2730. flDQRS. 11TH. REG~r., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. Conps, July 10, 1862. My report of the 6th instant embraced the casualties of the regi- ment as nigh as could be ascertained. On the 27th day of June, 1862, as our regimeut was marching to the battle-ground, II was detailed with my company to put helves into 500 axes. On this account I know nothing personally of the operations or position of the regiment in the battle. But from the best information received, the Eleventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, in connection with the Fourth New Jersey Regiment, at about 5 oclock in the evening, relieved the Third Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, in the woods. After this I can learn nothing of them except from stragglers, who say they were surrounded. About 600 men of our regiment are missing in this battle including the field officers and all the line officers, except myself and Lieutenants Sloan, Stewart, and Mms. Captain Louden, of Company C, was absent at home sick. In the battle of Monday, June 30, 1862, I took about 106 men into action. These I divided into two companies, Lieutenant Sloan commanding the left company and myself the right. We were placed on the left of the Seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, and acted under command of Colonel Harvey. The Eleventh Regiment became engaged in the action about 5 p. in. The Eleventh and Seventh Regiments were stationed about ten paces in rear of the Fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, which was immediately in rear of the battery. Shortly after the action com- menced the Seventh and Eleventh Regiments marched to the right of the Fourth Regiment and moved down in column by division toward the woods in front. In this position a charge bayonet was made. The men became scattered and confused. However, they rallied on the col- ors of the Seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. They then fell back in pretty good order to the battery. The Fourth then adiTanced to the front. The Seventh and Eleventh in a short time made another charge with better success. Every inch was contested. My boys only left the field when night put an end to the fray. Out of 106 men of the Eleventh Regiment who went into this action, 34 are either killed, wounded, or missing. This, I believe, embodies the prin- cipal positions and operations of the Eleventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, in the actions of June 27 and 30, 1862. I am, your obedient servant, DAN S. PORTER, Captain, Comdg. Eleventh Regt., Pennsylvania Reserve Vol. Corps. General SEYMOUR. [11.1 Report of Lieut. Eben U. Scott, Battery C, Fifth U. S. Artillery, of operations June 2627. CAMP NEAR JAMES RIVER, VA., July 6, 1862. SIR I have the honor to lay before you the following report of the movements of Battery C, Fifth Regiment Artillery, U. S. Army, Capt. II. V. iDe Hart commanding, in the actions of the 26th and 27th of June, 1862: In the action of 26th of June, 1862, the battery opened fire upon the enemy about 5 p. m. and ceased fining about 8.30 p. m. Its positio Page 115 CHAP. LXIJLI SEVEN DAYS BATTLES. 115 was ill front of the Hudson house, behind a partially finished parapet, a mile east of Mechaniosville. After the range had been obtained the firing proceeded with rapidity till it ceased, and with the effect of repelling the several attacks made upon it by the enemy. No move- ments were made, except that the right section, under First Lient. E. U-. Scott, was sent about fifty rods to the right, where it remained until relieved by a section of Battery U-, First Pennsylvania,Artillery, and that Lient. U-. V. Weir was sent to the front and left with one piece, which under his direction did good service. The bearing of the officers and men in this engagement deserves the highest credit. For casual- ties reference is respectfully made to my report of July 5, 1862. The command slept upon the field, and retired in good order at 3 a. in. June 27, 1862. In the action of June 27, 1862, the battery remained in its first position till about middimy, when it took a position upon the bluff where it could sweep the plain beneath and the woods in front. It was then near the extreme left of the line. About 6 p. m. it changed its position about eighty rods to the right, and entered the engagement in its position on the right of the artillery brigade of McCalls division. For some ten minutes after coming into battery the firing could not commence on account of the dense mass of fugitives that filled the space in front of the guns between the battery amid the woods. This undoubtedly gave to the enemy aim advantage which they were not slow to take, and which became ami impossibility to retake. After the firing commenced it continued uninterruptedly till forced to cease. Canister and spherical case were used, with a great preponderance of the former, and with the effect of driving back the enemy with great loss and confusion from his repeated charges. For some time before the firing ceased the smoke became so packed before the guns as to pre- clude the possibility of aiming, and this, too, gave the enemy an advan- tage of conducting his movements unseenan advantage which resulted in his flanking the buttery, capturing several pieces, and driving the remainder from the field. At 6.30 p. mu. the three pieces and caissons thatremained of the battery had retreated, owing to the battery being flanked upon the left amid the object of a musketry fire that rendered its further movements impossible. Had the infantry supports main- tained their position the battery could iiot have been taken, and even as it was the day might not have beemi lost to us had not our own cav- alry, whom we at first took to be that of the enemy, rushed in disgrace- ful flight pell-mell through our intervals while we were changing front to a position whence we could sweep the field. After retreating three- quarters of a mile two pieces again went into battery and assisted in checking the pursuit by their fire of shell. Here, by order of Briga- dier-U-eneral Seymour, tIme commanding officer, Lieut E. U-. Scott, in l)lace of Capt. H. V. De Hart, wounded, reported to Captain Smnead, Fifth U. S. Artillery. Of the bearing of the officers and men in this action the commanding officer cannot speak too highly. Not a man flinched or wavered or made the first motion toward retiring till the order of retreat was given, and then such as had pieces left withdrew in good order with them, and such as had not attached themselves to the detachments that had, this being the more creditable to them from the few examuples of like actiomi being set by the crowd around them. In view of the above remarks I trust I may not be deemed immeonsistent in calling attention to the courage and coolness of Lient. U-. V. Weir, not only during the action, but as displayed on the retreat by doing his utmost by voice and example to stay the panic, and by his placing the two guns alluded to above in battery amid shelling the enemy till th Page 116 116 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT ~. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXJIL pursuit was stopped. I would likewise respectfully call attention to the soldier-like conduct of the non-commissioned officers For casualties, I refer respectfully ~o my report of July 5, 18C2.* Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant E. G. SCOTT, Lieutenant, Comdg. Battery (J, F/fth Artillery, U. S. Army. Captain CLARK. Assistant Adjutant- General, Seymours Division. [11.] Memorandum of Capt. James Thompson, Battery U, Second U. S. Artillery, of operations June 30.t CAMP OF COMPANY G, SECOND ARTILLERY, Near ilarrisons Landing, July 12, 1862. GENERAL: Your very kind note has this moment been handed to me. It affords me pleasure to comf)ly with your request. After I saw you with General Meade the position of my battery was changed by General Kearnys order so as to e nearly l)arallel with the New Market road. From this I deployed in echelon from the right and caine into action left, the section in front having retired about the time the enemy opened on your division. The left piece was near Itandols right one, a little retired. When the firing opened in your division I think Itan- dol moved his battery forward and changed front slightly to his left (of this I am not positive). The rebels appeared in force on our front about 4.30 p. m. I opened with spherical case as they came from the woods in front. They continued advancing in line rapidly, stooping down and firing until within about 1Sf) yards, when we poured a couple of rounds of canister into them. They faltered somewhat, but soon rallied and attempted to capture the battery. We gave them double canister without sponging, and when about thirty yards from our guns the inftintry charged them, and I ceased firing for a moment. They were forced back with great slaughter. The supports did not pursue ex~ept to turn the rebels back, but opened in front of my guns and fell down, and I poured canister in again. When the enemy fell back about 150 yards they dropped down and kept up a constant fire. They made three successive charges, which were repulsed in the same manner, and I left the field, as General Kearny says in his report, when 1 had expended all my grape and had become tired of the futility of round shot (as I remember it). The battery retired from the field about 7.30, not a foot of ground having been gained by the enemy. The strangest part to me is how Randols battery was taken so near mine. Twice we had to resist attack coming (hireetly over his deserted guns (though I saw but little~ I was on horseb ck in the midst of smoke, & c., much occupied, keeping up my drivers and caunoneers). A limber from some battery on our left came dashing into my caissons amid completely upset two (six horses and no drivers). After exhausting canister, we put in double spherical case, cut mninimuni. We lost one gun, but it was after limbering and getting partly off the fielda trace broke and while they were getting the spare one (I have one on each limbe the horses were shot and (Irivers wounded. We sent back, but could not get it off. Time Sixty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel Hays, behaved nobly, jumping up and charging glorioasly. My own men worked bravely and manfully. EmbodieJ in tables, Vol XI, Part II, pp. 39, 40. See reports, Vol. XI, Part II, pi). 170, 172 Page 117 CHAP. LXIII.] SEVEN DAYS BATTLES. 117 Captain Thompsons compliments to General Seymour, regretting his inability to present a better memoraudni, to-day. The very great pressure of other mattersless pleasant, howeverhas prevented Captain Thompson frdrn giving the matter that attention he would greatly desire it should have. The general will please accept many tll( uks for his kindness. JULY 12, 1862. [ii.] Report of Gol. Edward L. Thomas, Thirty-fifth Georgia Infantry, Com- manding brigade. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, LIGHT DIVISION, August G, 1862. MAJOR: in accordance with orders from division headquarters I have the honor to submit the following as the most complete report I can make of the part taken by the Third Brigade in the recent battles near Richmond: The Third Brigade left its camp near Mechanicsville on Wednesday, June 25, and proceeded to near the Meadow Bridge, across the Chicka- hominy River, where it bivouacked that night. It remained there until the afternoon of Thursday, June 26, when it proceeded to cross the Meadow Bridge and to march down the north bank of the Chicka- hoininy towar Mechanicsville. Upon arriving near Mechanicsville the brigade was ordered to attack the battery of the enemy on its right, in accordance with which the brigade moved by the flank through the woods on the left of the road by which it had previously marched; crossed a field and another piece of woods, which brought it to the right of the enemys battery. A l)art of the brigade, consisting of the Thirty-fifth and lRonrteenth Georgia Regiments and the Third Louisiana Battalion, was thrown into line of battle and ordered to advance on the enemys posi- tion. This part advanced through a field under heavy fire of musketry and artillery from the enemy down a hill toward Beaver Dam Creek. Before arriving at this creek, it was discovered that the enemy occu- pied a wooded hill across the creek, protected by abatis and intrench- ments. To the right of their intrenchments and abatis they had thrown out a large force of infantry. The Thirty-fifth Georgia Regiment and a portion of the Fourteenth Georgia and Third Louisiana Battalion crossed the creek (which here expande(l into a pond fifty yards wide and from two to four feet deep) and attacked the enemy in the woods oa their right, and after a severe conflict drove them from the woods afl(l some distance through a field. The commanding officer of the Thirty-fifth Georgia Regiment sent for re-enforceinents to cross the creek, but re-enforcements not coming he was unable to follow up his advantage, lie held his position until after dark against greatly superior numbers, and thci~ withdrew across the creek; rejoined the rest of the brigade. The brigade then moved to a position near Mechanicsville, where it bivouacked for the night. On Friday morning, June 27, the brigade moved forward toward Gaines Mill, and proceeded until the enemy was discovered occupy- ing a Strong positioii on a wooded hill, partly protected by abatis, with two lines of breast-works, the upper constructed of rails and the lower of earth and timber, with artillery in a field just in rear of their posi- tion. The brigade was formed in line of battle and advanced through a field toward the enemys position under a heavy fire. The regi. ment under my command was on the right of the Third Brigade and on the left of another brigade. After receiving and returning the fir Page 118 118 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. of the enemy for some time, it was discovered that the troops both on the right and left of this regiment had retired. This regiment was then ordered to retire, which it did in good order and joined the rest of the brigade. I have since been informed that the Forty-fifth Geor- gia Regiment, Col. Thomas Hardeman, held his position on the left of the brigade until all except the Thirty-fifth Georgia Regiment had retired. The brigade bivouacked on the field that night, where it remained on Satur(lay, June 28. On Sunday, June 29, the brigade crossed the Chickahominy by New Bridge and marched to near Atlees, on the Darbytown road; bivouacked there on Sunday night, and on Monday continued the march until late in the evening, when the brigade went to support troops then engaged with the enemy. A part of the brigade was sent on in front, the other part following. The rear portion, to which my regiment belonged, formed line of battle and moved through an open field and joined the part of the brigade in front. The Forty-fifth Georgia Regiment, occupying the left of the brigade, becai~~e engaged with the enemy, suffering considerable loss. Just in front of the right wing of this brigade a body of troops, supposed at the time to be Geu~ eral Penders brigade, engaged the enemy. Having been informed that our friends were just in advance of us, the right wing of the brigade was ordered not to fire, and was halted in easy supporting distance. We remained here until 9 or 10 oclock at night, when we discovered that two bodies of the eneny had been firing into each other. The enemy having retired from the field, this brigade was withdrawn and bivouacked on another part of the field. Brig. Gen. J. li. Anderson having been severely injured on Monday evening, on Tuesday morning the command of the brigade devolved upon me. Late on Tuesday evening the brigade was ordered to support our troops engaged with the enemy on Malvern Hill. It marched by the flank to an open field in front of the enemys position, then formed line of battle to the right and moved through the field toward the enemys position, held the posi- tion assigned to it until all firing had ceased, then withdrew to its pre- vious camp. I have no report to make of misconduct of officers of the Thirty-fifth Georgia Regiineiit, and I have the honor to send inclosed reports from Lieutenant-Colonel Manning, Forty-ninth Georgia Regi- ment, Lieutenant-Colonel Folsom, Fourteenth Georgia, and Major Grice, Forty-fifth Georgia Regiment, in reference to the conduct of officers in their several regiments.* Regretting that I cannot make a more complete report, the above is respectfully submitted. I have the honor to be, x~ith highest respect, your obedient servant, EDW. L. THOMAS, Colonel Comma Maj. R. C. MORGAN, ~nding Third Brigade. Assistant Adjutant- General, Light Division. [11.] JULY 23, 1862.Reconnaissance to Malvern Hill, Va. Report ~f Col. David ]IiIieM. Gregg, Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, corn. manding brigade. HEADQUARTERS SECOND CAVAjLRY BRIGADE, July 24, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report to the general commanding division that yesterday, with the view of ascertaining what force of th Page 119 CHAP. LXIII.] BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 119 enemy was on Malvern Hill, I made the following dispositions with the following results: The rebels having two pieces of artillery at a point on the river road and sweeping the bridge, I determined to approach the hill at two poipts, one on the north side, the other on the east. One squadron of the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Captain Keenan, was sent to Crenshaws, on the Charles City road, to proceed from there on the Shirley road toward White Oak Swamp until striking the Long Bridge road; follow that to the Quaker road, and down the latter road to Malvern Hill. At the same time I directed one squadron to move up the road, followed by Keyes corps to the mill, to cross at it,~and strike the hill on the east side. Whilst these squadrons were moving some of our men, dismounted, were sent to Turkey Bridge to drive in the pickets and draw the fire of the artillery. All these movements were successfully accomplished. Both squadrons reached Mr. Kemps, but at different times. The squad- rons sent by the Shirley road encountered the enemys pickets, but not in any strength. Three companies of rebel cavalry occupied Malvern Hill; no infantry at all. In the operations of yesterday 1 private of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry was slightly wounded and 1 horse of the same regiment was killed; 1 prisoner of the Fourth Virginia Cavalry was taken by us. A contraband, who was sent me this morning from our picket, says he lives at Mr. Robert Taylors house, which is three miles from Malvern Hill in the direction of Richmond. He further says that the only force near Malvern Hill is the cavalry camped on Four-Mile Creek; that the infantry went toward TUclimond on Monday last. I have directed a portion of the force near Haxalls to go to Malvern Hill to-day. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. McM. GREGG, Colonel, Commanding second Brigade. Capt. A. J. ALEXANDER Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Cavalry Division. [iiL~.J AUGUST 9, 1862.Battle of Cedar Mountain, Va. Report of Capt. Clermont L. Best. Fourth U. S. Artillery, Chief of Artil lery, Second Corps, Army of Virginia. HDQRS. ARTILLERY, SECOND CORPS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Culpeper, August 13, 1862. MAJOR: In obedience to instructions I have the honor to report the following operations of the artillery of the Second Corps in battle at Cedar Mountain on Saturday last: There being but five brigades composing the corps, and each of diminished streng-th, it was deemed proper that no more than one bat- tery to each brigade should be brought into action. These batteries had been previously designated, and were placed in position on the most favorable points, supported by the brigades to which they were respectively attached. General Crawford, having with his brigade pre- ceded the remainder of the corps by one day, had already selected a point for his guns, the most commanding, certainly, on our side of the field. The topography of the ground was such that to obtain an effective play the remaining guns were ranged to the right and left of this point, at suitable intervals, presenting a slightly crescent form o Page 120 120 MD., E. l~. a., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.,& W. VA. [C~IAP LXIIJ. about three-quarters of a mile in extent. The opposing batteries were posted on the slope of a conical hill to the left, just under cover of a slight eminence to the front and center, and again near a dense woods on our right, the pieces pretty well masked and each position com- manding ours. I do not think they outnumbered us in guns, but one battery on the hill slope, of two guns, was evidently of heavier metal. Their practice was not of a superior order, judging from the large amount of shot hurled at us and the results as appended to this report. The battle commenced in earnest with artillery about 3 p. m. For two hours about sixty cannon, mostly rifled, were playing into each other without cessation, the distance between the combatants averaging about 1,400 yards. Our batteries were directed upon theirs, but turned upon their infantry whenever discovered. At 5 p. m. Major-General Banks directed the artillery to cease firing, in order to advance the infantry. The order was obeyed, but iu about half an hour it was discovered that the enemys infantry was also advancing in force, and opportunity being favorable to fire over the heads of our men with safety, the cannonading was resumed and continued until night ended the conflict. Though the day was intensely warm and our position such as to receive a con- verging fire from the enemy, officers and men stood firm and untlinch- ing to the end. Captains MeGilvery, itobinson, and Itoemer were constantly under fire, working their guns with coolness and discrim- ination. Captain Kiiap, Lientenant Muhlenberg, and Lieutenant Cushing were more immediately under my ol)servation during that terrible afternoon, and I am sure I do them but justice in saying never were men more eariiest in their work. Well done, I can truly say for officers, non-commissioned, and privates of all the batteries. That their afternoons work proved very destructive to the enemy is to my mind beyond question. At dark the batteries were retired about half a mile to the rear, during which movement a gun and caisson were lost by becoming mired and entangled in a small stream. They could not be extricated before the enemys sharpshooters had reached them. The gun, however, was spiked amid its limber and horses saved. No other in material. The batteries not in action were posted favorably in rear of the field for such service as the exigencies of the conflict might create. We had but little occasion for usiag canister, and the ammu- nition proved, generally, to be of good qu lity, the total rounds ex- pended being 3,213. The following batteries were engaged: Conipany F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, Lieutenant 1iluhlenberg in command; Capt. Jos. M. Knaps Pennsylvania battery; Capt. J. Roemers L, Second New York; Capt. F. MeGilvery, Sixth Maine; Capt. 0. W. Robinson, Fourth Maine. Lient. E. J{. Geary, of Knaps battery, was slightly wounded in the elbow. C. L. BEST, Captain Fourth Artillery, Chief of Artillery. [12.] Report of Capt. James Thompson, Independent Battery, Pennsylvania Light Artillery. CEDAR CREEK, VA., August 9, 1862. SIR: Having arrived upon the ground at dark, and when near the wood through which the road passes~ I found the ro~id blocked by troops, and ordered to wheel to the right by General McDowell, and no Page 121 (3w. LXHLJ BATTLE OF OEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 121 having fbrther instructions, I halted the battery until I was assigned a position on an open piece of ground between two gatohes of wood. Shortly afterward was ordered to another position y Major TiUson (chief of artillery), and when moving in the direction indicated I was fired upon by the enemy with canister, when I immediately came into action to the right and fired shell, asl could not use canister on account of the division having formed into line between the enemy and my bat- tery; also I judged the distance (600 yards) too great. After firing afew rounds I fond that as there was a rise in the ground between the enemys and my batteries which prevented my Parrott guns from reach- ingthem,Iddrectedshelltobeflredintothewoodwherelsupposed the enemys support to be, and continued to reply to the enemys bat- tery with my two 12-pounder howitzers, which in a short time silenced themandcausedthemtoleavebehindonecaisson,manydeadhorse; and two dead officers. In consequence of the knoll between us I suf- fered no loss, as their rifled guns could not reach me from the same cause that prevented my Parrotts from reaching them. But the how- itzers fire to them was close and terribly destructive. Casualties none. August 12, 1862, advanced with General Bufords cavalry brigade to Robertson River and skirmished with the enemy, driving off his cavalry which had drawn up Into line of battle. All of which is most respectfully submitted. J. THOMPSON, Captain, Cond;. Independent Battery, r.ineijkania Volunteers. General RWNETTS. [12.] Report of CoL George L Beab Tenth Maine Infantry. HEADQUABTflS TTH MAINE RKGIflNT, (J.4eper Court-Knee, Va., August 11, 186*. S~: I have the honor to make the following report of the late move- ments of my command: At 1.80 p.m. August 8 I receivedorders from you to march in one hour with only arms and equipments. At the appointed time the regi- ment, with the others of the First Bri~d~ went out on the Orange Court-House road about seven miles. The air had been extremely hot and fully a third of the men had fallen out, but nearly all came up during the evening. Being ordered to support Knaps battery, I placed the regiment behind the hill and remained there all the night and next day till 4.15 p.m., when, other regiments of Banks armyhav- ing arrived, we chanted our position in front of Cedar Bun and to the rightoftheroad,wluchbeingdonewewereagainord43redfOrwardto support Bests battery. The battery, on taking position in the rear of woods at the right of the road, was assailed bya heavy artillery fire from the enemys right and center, from which the regiment was pro- tected by the woods and by lying down. I am happy to state that sone of my force were litiured by this fire. At about 0 p. m. I was ordered to advance through the woods, and.did soat once. On emerg- ing from them the condition of affairs was as follows: Across the open space, and distant 200 and 800 yards, were other woods, in the lower eastern edge of which the enemys musketry was just being com- menced. An unknown Federal regiment on the Orange road wat retreating slowly before this fire and that from the enemys center, a Page 122 122 MD., IX N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.~ & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII, also from the enerny~s artillery, whose overshots weic striking around us. The enemy rapidly worked up the edge of the woods toward our right and commenced very vigorous flre upon us. Our men went for- ward rapidly, and on arriving at the summit of a slight undulation met a most mnrderous fire. Seeing that my men had no shelter I coin- menced to retire them to the woods we had just left, where we might have done excellent service and been comparatively safe. An officer, reporting himself as on General Banks staff, came forward and for- bade this movement, and I ordered the men to halt on the northern slope of the knoll and to lie down and fire. I must mention that I waited some time, unwilling to fire, because scattered parties from other regimeiits were being driven from the woods by the advancing enemy. I{ad my men been less determined this crowd of unfortunates would have created a panic in our ranks. At the command every man went to work, and for thirty minutes kept up a continuous stream of fire along the line. The enemy, however, from their shelter and immense numbers had greatly the advantage, and our casualties, all of which happened at this place, show how successfully they used it. A part of General Gordons brigade soon appeared on our right, but the fire of the enemy being so murderous that I could not believe it to be the desire of any general to allow such useless slaughter 1 gave the order to retreat. Previous to this order all had done their duty manfully. I have not heard of a single instance of cowardly or shirking conduct during the fire. The retreat throngh the woods broke up my command, and many remained behind and, uii der cover of the woods, prolonged the contest. Others helped off the wounded. We reformed in the timber skirting on the northern bank of Cedar Run, and passed to tIme rear of Ricketts division. Learning that two wagon loads of rations were near by, I marched the regiment toward them, the men having been thirty hours withont food. The enemy having created a fright amongst teamnsters by firing a few shells, I was compelled to retreat, iii all about two miles, where, the teams being halted, the regiment stacked arms, ate their sufpers, and went to sleep. We remained in this vicimmity till the morn- imig of the 11th, when we received orders to return to Culpeper Court- Honse and go into camp. I cannot distinguish aumong the maimy brave any one who did not do his whole duty and prove himself a hero; all promptly obeyed, all gallantly faced the cross fire of the enemy, which in thirty minutes caused the frightful casualties which I am obliged to report. I am happy to state that nearly all of our wounded were brought off and taken care of as well as possible. Our revised reca- pitulation is: In action, 2 field, 4 staff, and 20 company officers; 435 enlisted men. Officers killed, 2; mortally wounded, 1; severely wounded, 2; slightly wounded, 2. Enlisted men killed, 19; mortally wounded, 8; severely wounded, 73; slightly wounded, 63. Aggregate, 170. There are also missing, supposed prisoners, Lieutenant Beardsley, commanding Company ID, a sergeant, and two privates. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEORGE L. BEAL, Colonel, Gommanding Tenth 31aine Volunteers. Brig. Gen. S. W. CRAWFORD. Since making the above report 2 wounded officers and 15 wounded enlisted men have died from wounds. [12. Page 123 CHAP. LXIII.] BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 123 Report of Got. Henry J. AS~tainrook, One hundred and ninth Peunsyirania Infantry. IIDQRS. 109TH 1~ETh1ENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, Camp beyond Culpeper, Va., August 12, 1862. SIR: I beg leave to present the following report in reference to my position in the battle of Slaughters Mouiitain, on the 9th instant: About 3 p. in. the battle commenced by the opening of artillery. My regiment, consisting of 300 men, at that time was posted 300 paces on the left of the artillery. Ten minutes afterwards I was oi dered by General Prince to march by the ri~ht flank in rear of the batteries, where I remained perhaps an hour, during which time Adjutant McAdams, Second Lieutenant Dietz, and myself were wounded slightly by shell. I was then ordered by General Prince to advance, which order I obeyed instantly, passing the batteries a considerable distance and entering a corn-field, where we commenced firing, and continued in action until nearly S p. m. At this time there were 31 dead upon the field, and some 70 wounded. I now observed that the rebels were turning my right flank. The One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers and the Third Maryland Volunteers, who were posted upon my right, had withdrawn some twenty minutes previously. Upon my left was the One hundred and second New York Volunteers, who had commenced retiring. Finding that we were overpowered and that resistance was useless, I retired, the One hundred and second ~ew York Volunteers retiring at the same time. I would here take occasion to state that during the engagement I lost three ambulances, horses, also surgical instruments and cases. It gives me great ])leasure to tes- tify to the faithful manner in which Assistant Surgeon l3rubaker per- formed his (luties. Dunng the entire engagement he was riding back and forward among the heaviest firing of the artillery, attending to his arduous duties. My loss, as stated, was 31 killed, 70 wounded, and 40 missing. . Among the latter was First Lieutenant Kevin, Company K, and ~econd Lieutenant Veale, Company F. As every officer and man did their duty most nobly, it would be unjust to mention any special acts of bravery on the part of my command. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, II. J. STAINIIOOK, Colonel, Commanding. Col. T. P). VAN BUREN, Commanding Brigade. [12.1 Report of Cot. Thomas II. Ruger, Third Wisconsin Infantry. CAMP NEAR CULPEPER, Y A., August 13, 1(562. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken in the actiou of the 9th by the Third Jtegiiuent Wisconsin Volunteers: The Third Brigade, of General Williams division, General Gordon commanding, occupied th& right of the line. The place originally occupied by the Third Wisconsin Volunteers was the left of said bri- gade immediately on the right of the battery, in front of the house temporarily used as a hospital. Soon after the action began I was ordered by General Gordon to skirmish the woods to the left and front of our position with six companies, which was done without an Page 124 124 MD., 3.11.0., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.,.a W. VA. [Car. La important developments. Soon after this examination, and while awaiting orders, I was ordered to join General Crawfords command, a portion of which had entered the woods referred to and taken up an advanced position. This order came iii the name of Brigadier-General Crawford. I replied in substance that I was there by order of General Gordon, and had sent a report to him of the result of the examination of the woods, and expected an order from him momentarily, and sug- gested that the order taking my regiment from its brigade should come from superior authority. In the meantime I assembled the six coin- panies then with me, and moved up near the right of the position occupied by General Crawfords command. Very soon Captain Wil- kins, of General Williams staff; came up and aid in substance that he had seen General Banks, who said it was proper that I should join General Crawford. I .then reported to General Crawford for and ras placed on the right of the line. The order to move fo was immediately given, and soon after double quick. The Umber and undergrowth were thick, which interfered with the precision of the march. Near the edge of the woods there was a rail fence, in getting over which the men were exposed to full view of the enemy, who were drawn up within close musketry range of the edge of the woods as we came out The enemys lines extended beyond the right of ours con- siderably, overlapping my regiment sufficiently to give by an oblique fire of that part of their line a most destructive cross fire on the rlqht wing of the regiment. The enemy also had a force on the right which opened a flank, fire on the regiment. The diagram below is a rough sketch of the relative position of the forcesP The right of the regi- ment was forced back under a most destructive fire. The loss in killed and wounded of the right was in some companies over one.fourth, and in two a third. The whole line was driven back. With the assislince of the officers I rallied sufficient men to make a force about equal, with the three companies that had not been engaged, to the six companies. oriinally engaged, and moved up and took position in my brigade, which had meantime advanced and en~ the enemy on the line beitbre occupied by General Crawfords command. My regiment remained and continued fire until the line was driven back by the turn- ing of the right flank. The regiment was assembled in its original position, and some time after moved down to the road toward Culpeper, according to orders striking the road farther than was intended, In consequence of a delour made to avoid shells thrown across the path on which it was moving. The following lines give the numbers taken into action, killed, wond~ and missing of the six companies that were engaged the first time. Company K was on the right. N. 0. L D t K. ~uSed, ad miming 44 a a a~ ~ S ii S 10 24 18 The accompanying is a list of killed, wounded, and missing accounted for b name. Lieutenant-Colonel Crane fell at his post while gallantly performing his duty. Captain OBrien~ who was wounded in the first - part of the action, continued in command of his company, and received his death wound when the second time engaged. He was a very brave man. Doctor Raymond was confined to his bed by illness when the regiment was ordered fcrward from Culpeper, and was unable to reach Omitted.. tEmbodled in table, vol. xii, P.nn, p. in Page 125 CHAL. LXTIT.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 125 the field, although he attempted to do so. Doctor Conant, who was with the regiment, 1)elforrne(l his duty in a manner worthy of all praise. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. HUGER, Colonel, Commanding Third Wisconsin Volunteers. Capt. H. B. SCOTT, Acting Assistant A dj atant- General. 12.] AUGUST 16--SEWuIE~BER 2,1.862.Campaign in Northern Virginia. Report of Licut. Cot. John Clan, Third Pennsylvania Reserves, of oper ations August 2830. HDQRS. THIRD RE T., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE CORPS, September 5, 1 G2. GENERAL: In compliance with circular of this date IL have the honor to submit a report of the operattons of this regiment during the recent battles in the vicinity of Bull Run: Thursday, August 28, on the march from Warrenton fire wa~ opened upon us from a battery on an eminence near. Line of battle was imme- diately formed in rear of our batteries. One company was deployed as skirmishers to protect our flank. After remaining in line for an hour or txvo we resumed our march, taking across the country to near Bull Run, where we bivouacked for the night. Friday, August 29, nndcr arms by daylight in the morning. Returned across the country by nearly the same route we came, marching in column by division on the flank of battery. When we reached the Warrenton turnpike again we were subjected to a very severe fire from the batteries of the enemy. Returned again to same point we left in the morning. Again marched over~ i)art of the same ground we did in the morning. Formed line of battle on the crest of hill and remained till after clark, when we fell back in line of battle to the same i)oint we left in the morning, where we bivouacked for the night. Saturday, August 30, under arms before daylight. Marched farther to the right than either of the previous days. Went onto the field in column by division; supporte(I two dif ferent batteries; had several men wounded; was subjected to a very heavy fire from the battery on the eminence nearly in front of our own battery. Retired to the ravine, where we remained a short time. Ad- vanced to woods near by in line of battle to support the Bucktail Regi- ment as skirmishers. Again marched down to the valley. Formed line on road near Centerville and was engaged with infantry. Made a charge with the division and drove the enemy from the ground. Again marched to the eminence on the right, and from that point fell back and marched to Centerville. Among the casualties of the 30th I have to announce the death of Capt. H. Clay Beatty, one of the most promising officers in time regiment. His loss will be severely felt, and his place not easily supplied. I take pleasure in stating that all the officers and men of the command engaged behaved well. Your obedient servant, JOHN CLARK, Lieu enant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Brig. Gen. GEORGE . MEADE, Comdg. First Brigade, Pennsylvania Reserve 1~olunteer Corps. [12. Page 126 126 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.~ & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Report of Col. Albert L. ]Jlagilton, Fourth Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations August 2830. HDQRS. 4TH RE~T., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. Cones, Near JlfEunsons Hill, Va., September 5, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make out the following report of the operations of the Fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps, during the three days operations in the vicinity of Bull Run: On Thursday, the 28th of August, 1862, we passed through Gaines- ville, on the Warrenton and Alexandria turnpike, on our way toward Centerville; that about two or three miles this side of Gainesville the enemys battery opened upon the head of our column. The Fourth Regiment was immediately formed in line to support Captain Ransoms battery on the left of the road. After remaining about half an hour in this position we were shifted to the right of the road. Shortly after- ward we were marched by the right flank in a southeasterly direction through woods and fields until we struck the Gainesville and Manas- sas Junction road. We marched along that road until we struck the road from Manassas Junction to the stone house on the Warrenton turnpike; that we continued along this road until we were about half a mile from the stone house. We then turned into a field for the night, where we bivouacked. Next morning we went to the south of the Warrenton turnpike, and finally reached the turnpike about one mile and a half from the stone house toward Gainesville. Here the Fourth Regiment was detailed to support Captain Coopers battery (B), Pennsylvania Reserves. The fire of the enemy being very destructive and a body of rebel infantry attacking us on the left flank, it was deemed necessary to fall back to the south of the road to meet the enemy coming down upon us. After remaining there in line for a short time the whole brigade fell back in good order to the field where we had bivouacked the night before. We were then thrown forward toward the stone house, where we remained in position until after dark, when wejell back to the same field~ where we bivouacked again for the night. Saturday morning we marched down the road toward the stone house and formed line of battle on the left of the Warrenton turnpike. Here we advanced to the front and occupied the ground where General Pat- ricks brigade had the fight the evening before. Here we lay in line of battle until the afternoon, when we were formed in the woods to our left. We remained here until the general engagement took place, when we were marched by a flank to the right of the Warrenton turnpike. Afterward formed on the left of the Warrenton turnpike and to tIme rear of the road we had marched on in the morning. Here we made a charge upon the enemy and gained the road leading to the stone house, where we expended all our ammunition, and then fell back in good order. Finally we fell back on the Centerville road beyond Bull Run and bivouacked for the night. I lost in the three days th~ following, viz: One captain, 3 sergeants, 2 corporals, and 6 privates wounded and missing. I am, sir, very respectfully, your abedient servant, A. L. MAGILTON, Colonel Fourth Regt., Pa~ Reserve Vol. Gorps, (Jomdg. Reyt. Capt. B. C. BAIRD, Assistant Adjutant- General, ]IiEeades Brigade. [12.] * But see table, Vol. XII, Part II, p. 256 Page 127 CHAP. LXIII.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 127 Report of Capt. Joseph G. Holmes, Seventh Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations August 21September 1. llDQR~. 7TH REGT.~ PENNSYLVANIA ItESERVE VOL. CORPS, Camp Near Munsons Hill, September 5, 1862. In pursuance of brigade orders issued this day, September 5, 1862, from brigade headquarters, I respectfully beg leave to report the following: On the 21st of August, at 9p. in., the regiment took up the line of march for (destination unknown) from camp near Falmouth, Va. Halted for the night about four miles from late camp at 1 a. in. At4oclockresumed the march, and arrived near Kelly~s Ford at 6 p.m.August 22. Remained there until next morning at 8 a. in., and took up the march for War- renton, passing the Rappahannock Station, the railroad bridge being on fire. Arrived near Warrenton at 3 p. m. Camped in line of battle until next day, August 24, when the order of march was again resumed toward the river. Halted again at 6 oclock at Forbes house, and formed line of battle. Remained there until the morning of 27th. Resumed the march for Bull Run. Halted for the night in a large field in close proximity to the enemy. Marched again at daybreak, nothing occurring worthy of note until about II a. in., when the rebels opened a destructive fire on us from a battery posted on our left. We, how- evcr, suffered no injury, the shells passing over. Our battery was placed in position, and we supported it until ordered to proceed for- ward. We arrived near the battle-field, on which a desperate battle was raging, near the old Bull Run field, at 8 p. IU. Thursday, August28. The regiment was sent on picket the same night. At daylight [29th] it was withdrawn, and marched for the field of action. Stood and marched in line, supporting different positions, until 2 p. in., when we were relieved, and marched to the rear to rest and take some nourish- inent. At 4 oclock returned to the field, but not yet under firer only occasionally being shelled. No casualties. Withdrew from the field at 8.39 oclock. Resumed the contest at an early hour next morning, 29tl~ [30th]. Advanced over the battle-field, supporting the battery during the fight. At this time (9 oclock) tIme fire of the enemy was lively, doing as some damage, having five men wounded, one mortally. Being ordered to the left to prevent a flank m9vement, the regi- ment was deployed as skirmishers through the woods. No enemy appearing, we were drawn out and sent farther to the right, pass- ing through a desperate fire to gain the position. Remained there a short time, then pushed back to the left with the batteries, which soon got in position, doing fearful havoc among the enemy, who had advanced some distance. Shortly after we were ordered to charge on the enemy, who were still pushing forward to capture a battery on our left. We went into the charge on a double-quick, and drove them back a considerable distance, capturing a number of prisoners, who were sent to the rear. We remained in the action and kept the enemy back until most of our ammunition was exhausted, w hen we were relieved. It was during this charge Lieut. (Jol. R. M. Henderson, while leading the regiment forward, was dangerously wounded in the side just above the hip. He was brought safe from the field and is now in Washing- ton. The loss in killed, wounded, and missing is twenty-seven men, a small number for a regiment to be exposed to such a deadly and vigor- ons fire as they were exposed to that day, yet the companies composing the regiment did not average more than eighteen men each on that day or during the engagement. At 7.30 oclock or thereabouts orders wer Page 128 128 MD,, E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. given to march to the rear toward Centerville. The regiment being very much scattered, we halte~1 for the night at the creek beyond Cen- terville (between the battle-field and Centerville), taking up the march again at daylight [3lstl, and went into camp at Centerville. Remained there until 4 p. in., reforming and reorganizing the companies and regi- ment, when we were ordered on picket, and marched about one mile and a halt from Centerville, +aking position and throwing out three compa- nies as skirmishers to feel for the enemy, which they found posted as cavalry pickets, dismounted, about a mile in advance of onr regiment. Shots were exchanged and i~he skirmishers fell back, according to orders. The following day, September 1, we were withdrawn, and took np our march in retreat for Fairfax, where we arrived at 3 p. in. Halted for the night, and took up the march for the fortifications in front of Washington at 11 a. m. Col. H. C. Bolinger met us on the road above Fairfax, having just returned after a severe illness, and immediately took command of the regiment amidst great cheering in the ranks. JOSEPH G. HOLMES, Capt. Co. I, Seventh Regt., Pennsylvania Reserve Vol. Corps, Senior captain present and through all the engageme~nts. Col. II. C. BOLINGER, Seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. [12.] Report ~f Capt. William Lemon, Eighth Pennsylvania Reserves, of oper ations Aug~st 2380. HDQRS. EIGHTH REGT,, PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE CORPS, Camp at Uptons hill, September 8, 1862. GENERAL: In compliance with your request I furnish you a report of the Eighth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps: On the 28th of August, 1862, while the brigade was marching right in front on the Warrenton and Alexandria turnpike near New Mar- ket, the enemy opened fire on us at 9.30 a. in. One shell took effect in the rear of my regiment, kilhin g- 3 men and wounding 5 others. The brigade immediately formed in line of battle oi~ the left of the pike. My regiment was ordered in the rear of the line iiear the woods as a reserve. After remaining in that position for about an hour I was ordered forward. I found the brigade moving to the right. My regi- ment was ordered to move in column of comnpaimy in rear of Third Regi- ment, which regiment was moving by the right flank. We were on the right of the battery; the Fourth and Seventh on the left of b ttery; ihucktails in front as skirmishers. Move(l on to within four miles of Manassas. Baited for an hour and got dinner, then moved on near Manassas and turned to time left in direction of Bull Run battle-field. Encamped near battle-field for the night. Friday, August 29, 1862, ordered in line at (layhight. Moved out to old battle-field. Formed line of battle right in front, colnmn by division, closed en masse. Remained half aim hour. Pennsylvania Reserve Corps moved to the left by the right thank into a field. Formed column by division, right in front. Bucktails moved forward as skir- mishers. Third and Eighth Regiments oim left of battery; Fourth and Seventh Regiments on right of battery. Moved forward one mile and a half to road. Deployed in line of battle. General Reynolds ordered me to the left to support Coopers battery. Moved along th Page 129 CHAP. LXIII.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 129 road through the woods at d6uble-ciuick under a heavy fire from the enemy. Found Bucktails beyond the woods at fence. Ordered by an aide to halt. Lay down for ten minutes. Third Regiment moved in line of battle to left of road through woods to the fence and halted, the enemy approaching our front. The Bucktails ordered forward as skir- mishers. Proceeding about ten rods they engaged the skirmishers of the enemy. We formed line of battle, by order, across the road; Third Regiment on the left of road, right in front; Eighth Regiment on right of road, right in front; Seventh Regiment came down from Coopers battery and formed on right of the Eighth Regiment, right in front. After lying half an hour, skirmishers engaged all the time, we were ordered to about-face and fall back, which we did in good order, through the wood to an open field, where we had formed line of battle before. The enemy then opened on our left (now onr right), and we continued to fall back until out of range of their guns, when we formed column by company, right in front, in order, and marched to where we encamped the night before. Halted for ten miuntes. Our brigade started for Manassas to get rations, our men having [had] nothing to eat since yesterday. Marched to the house where the teams were parked. Halted to rest. While there received orders to march back, which we did to place of encampment. Formed column by division. Bucktails deployed as skirmishers; Seventh and Eighth on left of bat- tery; Fourth and Third on right of battery; Second Brigade formed in order. Our left moved forward half a mile toward the left of the line; then ordered to form line of battle in front of Doctor Kings hospital, which we did, and remained in this position until after dark, when heavy firing commenced directly on onr front. Moved by the right flank about twenty rods. Lay there half an hour, then about-faced. Marched in line to the rear eighty rods, then moved by the flank, left in front, to place of encampment. Lay down for the night along the wood. Saturday, August 30, 1862, ordered into line before daylight. Moved by the right flank to the old battle-ground. Formed column by divis- ion, right in front. Bucktails deployed; Seventh and Eighth on left of battery; Fourth and Third on right of battery. Moved forward about 100 rods across ravine on a lull. Halted for an hour, then moved forward to the battle-ground of the night previous. Coopers battery took position on a hill on our front and six rods to left of main road. Bucktails skirmishing with enemy in front of battery. Eighth Regiment deployed in line of battle in rear and right of battery and left of the road, the right resting on the road; Seventh Regiment three rods in rear of Eighth, in the same order; the Fourth and Third in rear of Seventh, in column of division. After ten minutes the Eighth moved by the right flank to the right of the road, the left resting on the road; the Seventh took position of the Eighth; the Third deployed into line and took position of the Seventh; the Fourth deployed into line, moved by the right flank in rear of the Eighth. While in this position I threw Company A of my regiment lo the rear at a half-face to the right to watch the enemy, who were said to be in a narrow strip of timber on my right. We remained in this position about three- quarters of an hour, when our battery ceased firing, then tock our positions in order. Fell back about 300 yards to another position. The Fourth, Third, Seventh, and Eighth formed column of companies, right in front, in order in rear of battery; lay there for three hours. Then Eighth Regiment was ordered forward to support the Bucktails, but before we got to the line General Reynolds ordered us back by the 9 R RYOL LI, PT Page 130 130 MD., F. N. C,, PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.~ & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. left flank, brigade following in order to the hospital (Kings). Formed line of battle. Seventh and Eighth Regiments ordered forward into the woods. Deployed one company from each forward as skirmishers. Remained in the woods for one hour, when heavy firing commenced on the right of the line. We were ordered out of the woods by the right flank. At this time the right wing began to fall back. Our column moved to the right and rear of some batteries on a lull, First Brigade formed line of battle near a road, and Second Brigade immediately in our rear. After remaining fifteen minutes both brigades moved off by the left flank, left ii front, across a ravine to a hill in front of gen- eral hospital on old battle-ground. Halted and came to our proper front. Charged bayonets at double-quick across a field to a road. The Fifth Regiment Virginia Volunteers joining my regiment on the left, we halted on the road and delivered our fire. Held the enemy in check for half an hour, when the Fourth Infantry (regulars) came up in rear of us and delivered their fire over my regiment. After rem am- ing here about one hour we fell back near the hospital. Halted for a short time, then moved off in the direction of Centerville. During the three days, and until we reached Centerville, my men had nothing to eat except four crackers each during the whole of the time. I must say that my men and officers behaved well during the engagements of those three days. Although having nothing to eat and marching every day, they were cheerful and obeyed my commands without hesitation. Many fell out of ranks, but as soon as they could have joined the regiment again, and are now ready and willing to try their hands again. I would here take occasion to bring to your notice Capt. J. (Ii-. Henry, Company A; Capt. J. M. Kent, Company I; Capt. H. C. Dawson, Coin- pany G, of my regiment, for their bravery and coolness while engaged with the enemy. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. LEMON, Captain, Comdg. Eighth Regt., Pennsylvania Reserve Vol. Corps. 4General MEADE.] [12.] Report of Lieut. Col. Peter Baldy, Twe~fth Pennsylvania Reserves, oJ operations August 30. TWELFTH RECIMENT, PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE CORPS, Camp near Alexandria, August [September] 5, 1862. SIR: In consequence of Colonel Hardin having been assigned to the command of the Third Brigade of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps at the battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862, I was left in command of the Twelfth Regiment of the said brigade. At the time I took command the Third Brigade was ordered to check the advance of the rebels by General McDowell on the left wing of onr army, the Twelfth Regi- ment being in advance and on the right of the brigade. As soon as the front of the regiment was cleared of retiring soldiers the regiment was ordered to fire, and continued to do so until the brigade fell back, the enemy being in overwhelnuing numbers. After we fell back I rallied the regiment and had but fifty-one men. I reported this fact to Colonel Hardin, who ordered me to fall back, after securing his person. I joined the first line of battle I came to, but they fell back, and so did also the second. I then received orders from one of General Popes aides to march to Centerville. I then with the men joined General Patricks force, after consulting w-ith the commanding officer, an Page 131 CHAP. LXIII.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 131 marched with General Patricks command to Centerville, where I finally joined the brigade. In conclusion, permit me to say that officers and men of this regiment behaved in a most gallant manner. The colors of the regiment as we fell back were in the hands of First Lieutenant Kelly, Company E, of said regiment. Respectfully submitted. PETER BALDY, Lieut. Col., Gorndg. Twe~fth Regt., Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. Brigadier-General [MEADiE]. [12.] Report of Col. Hugh W. McNeil, First Pennsylvania Rifles (Thirteenth Reserves), of operations August 2830. IIDQRS. FIRST RIFLES, FIRST BRIG., REYNOLDS DIV., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOLUNTEER CORPS, Centerville, Th., August 31, 186~. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the six companies of my regiment present with the com- mand during the engagements of the 28th, 29th, and 30th instant: On the 28th, when the head of the column of General Reynolds divis- ion, of the Pennsylvania Reserves, moving down the Warrenton pike, had reached the vicinity of Groveton, the enemy were reported immediately in front. I moved my command rapidly forward, when the enemy opened a brisk artillery fire from an advantageous position on the left of the road. General Meade ordered me to deploy my regiment as skirmhshers. I sent Companies B, D, and K into the open field in front of the enemys battery on the left, and A, E, and F through the woods on the right of the road. After the enemys battery had been silenced I was ordered to move the whole line forward and feel the position of the enemy in the front. I found the l)attery withdrawn and the enemy retiring to the left, where a con~iderable force of cavalry and infantry could be seen in the dis- tance. A small party of scouts was encountered at Groveton and driven back. In the meantime Captain Irvin, with the three companies origi- nally deployed on the left, was ordered by General Reynolds to recon- noiter along the road to the left as far as Sudley Springs. I inclose Captain Irvins report of the reconnaissance (paper marked A). Receiv- ing information from you that the division had made a detour to the right in the direction of Manassas, I moved the line of skirmishers by the right flank and joined the command without casualty. The next morning (the 29th) I was again ordered by General Meade to throw out a line of skirmishers across the division front as it advanced on the left of Schenck and Milroy, who were then engaging the enemy on the light. Nothing was discovered until the position was reached where the skirmish of the day before occurred. The fight was confined at thi& time to the extreme right, the enemy being apparently in the same posi tion as the day before, but our forces were now approaching from thu opposite direction. On reaching Groveton I was ordered to call in the skirmishers, move along the road westward, and take a position to protect our left flank. In passing to the point indicated my command was under a most severe fire from the enemy~s battery, which was throwing shell and grape, causing a considerable loss in wounded. Soon after the enemys sharpshooters opened upon us from a thicket and house on our left. I deployed on either side of the road and advanced the line, driving them back and discovering the enemy in force with artillery. The house from which we drove them I ascertaine Page 132 132 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. had been occupied as a hospital by Kings division during the severe engagement of the evening before. In this lay thirty-eight wounded. While preparing to send these to the rear, I was ordered by the general to retire. My men had made a most spirited dash upon the ambuscaded foe, rushing npou them with the bayonet, determined to find what was not open to their aim. I succeeded in bringing oft my own killed and ~rounded and rejoined the brigade in its position farther to the left. On the morning of the 30th I was ordered by General Meade to advance my command deployed as skirmishers over the ground occu- pied by Hatchs brigade during the battle of the evening before, and gather up the woun(led left on the field. I pushed the line forward to the crest of the hill beyond, and there engaged the enemys skirmish- ers, receiving also the fire of his batteries. All the wounded, numbering between twenty and thirty, were sent to the rear. After holding this position for several hours General Reynolds directed me to move for- ward and drive back the sharpshooters that were delivering a galling fire from concealed positions in our front. The Fifth Regiment of oar division was deployed in extension of our line to the left, and sup. ported by the Second and Third Regiments I advanced rapidly, gaining the enemys position and pouring a destructive fire into his retreating line. From this point the enemy was seen massing his forces for an attack upon our left flank, and being already enfiladed by a battery, the line retired to its original position. Owing to the exposure of my men to a sharp fire from well-armed marksmen securely posted several casualties occurred, bat all the wounded were brought safely to the rear. I was recalled from this position in time to participate with the rest of the command in the general engagement of the day. My regi- ment, althongh much reduced by four companies under Lieutenant- Colonel Kane being detached on duty guarding the wagon train and worn down by the fatigue of the three preceding engagements, entered into action with unabated spirit. Our position was on the right of the First Brigade, immediately under the notice of General Meade, when the Reserves made their splendid charge upon the enemy, and it would be ~uperfiuoas for inc to state here how my command conducted itself. Two companies (D and E) were without a single commissioned officer, bat by their steady self-reliance they furnished a proof of the marked intelligence of the rank and file of the Union Army. I submit herewith Asst. Surg. William B. Jones report (paper marked B) of the killed, wounded, and missing during the recent engage,nents.* I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HUGH W. MCNEIL, Capt. EDWARD C. BAIRD, Colonel, Commanding Rifles. Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade. [Inclosure.] A. Col. H. W. MCNEIL, GROVETON, August 28, 1862. Commanding First Rifles: About noon of the 28th instant, shortly after we had been deployed by your order as skirmishers on the Warrenton road at the point where the head of our column had been fired upon bythe enemys battery, I was ordered by General Reynolds to take the three companies then deployed upon the left of the road immediately in front of our battery, Embodie4 in tThle, Vol. XII, Part II, p. 256 Page 133 CHAP. LXIII.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 133 and proceed in the direction of and to Sudley Springs to ascertain the force of the enemy in that quarter. A portion of a company of cav- alry were placed under my command, and with them in advance I pro- ceeded in the direction indicated, carefully examining the woods and ravines on my flanks to guard against a concealed enemy. At a point about two miles and a half from the Warrenton road a sqnad of rebel cavalry were seen in the distance, who retired as we advanced. Within sight of Sudley Springs we met a contraband direct from the enemys lines, who informed me that the rebels lay in force immediately in rear of their battery, and were then commencing to move off to their left across the Warrenton road. Upon receiving this information I changed my direction and lnove(l niore to the right to ascertain if pos- sible more fully their position and force, when an order was received from General Reynolds to fall back upon the road, as the command was moving off to the right in the direction of Manassas. Upon reach- ing the road I made a verbal report to the general iii substance as above. The day being warm, and we necessarily moving rapidly, the men were much fatigued, when about 3 p. m. we joined your command. Respectfully, your obedient servant, E. A. IRVIN, [12.1 Commanding Com~pames. Report of Capt. Frank II. Langley, First Virginia Infantry, of operations Auqust 2930. BIVOUAC NEAR WINCHESTER, October 1J, 1862. COLONEL: In compliance ~vitb your orders I have the honor to for- ward to you a report of the part taken by the First Virginia Regiment in the battle of Groveton: This regiment arrived, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Skinner, with the brigade upon the right of our lines, on the railroad leading from Gainesville to Manassas, on Friday, the 29th of August, at about 1.30 & clock. From there we moved across the railroad about half a mile under a heavy shelling from a battery of the enemy to our left. We then fell back under cover of a woods, and after remaining in that position an hour, returned, marching past the first position, and formed in line in rear of Hoods brigade, remaining there that night and until Satnrday evening, when, at 4 oclock, we were ordered forward and to the left to support General Jenkins. Passing through a small woods, we came into a large field, having the Chinn house to left. Then we were ordered to make a half left wheel, and then forward under a heavy cannonade for about 500 yards. The enemy holding on most stubbornly, but unable to stand, they fell back, leaving the battery in our hands. Here, colonel, allow me to call attention to the gallant bearing of Lieu- tenant-Colonel Skinner, who, at the head of his regiment, rode into the battery, cutting down two of the enemy at their guns. We advanced beyond the battery down a slope into some pines and there remained, holding this position until night, then falling back and bivouacking near our first position. Loss during both days, 4 killed and 26 wounded (3 since dead), and 1 missing. I have, colonel, the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, F. II. LANGLEY, Colonel CORSE Captain, Commanding. Commandi~q First Brigade. [12. Page 134 134 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Report of Capt. Philip S. Ashby, Seventh Virginia Infantry, of operations August 2930. HDQRS; SEVENTH REGIMENT VIRGINIA INFANTRY, Camp near Winchester, October 14, 1862. COLONEL: I have the honor to report that this regiment was under a severe fire of artillery on the afternoon of the 29th of August, but met with no casualties. On the afternoon of the 30th the regiment was again in action, commanded by Colonel Patton, near the battery taken by the Seventh and Twenty-fourth Virginia. Colonel Pattoi Lienten- ant-Colollel Flowerree ~ Swindler, ~ J(~LU~JU, an ~ Bolen, Harris, and Fry, with Lieutenants Miller, Estes, Dean, Mulling, and Rosser, were wounded. After passing the battery, the right wing moved forward and the left wing formed in line of battle, i~cing to the left, and advanced in pursnit of the enemy until relieved. It is impos- sible for me to give the number of men engaged in the action. Officers and men all behaved with the greatest gallantry. Respectfully, your obedient servant, PH. 5. ASIIBY, Col. M. ~. CORSE, Captain, C~ommanding Regiment. Commanding First Brigade. Casualties: Officers, none killed, 12 wounded; enlisted men, 5 killed, 36 wounded; total, 53. [12.] Report of Capt. Robert lIT. Mitchell, Eleventh Virginia Infantry, of operations August 30. BIVouAC ELEVENTII VIRGINIA REGIMENT, Near Winchester, Va., October 1.9, 1862. COLONEL: Agreeably to your order I herewith transmit a report as made by Captain Mitchell of the part taken in the battle of Manassas August 30, 1862, by the Eleventh Virginia Regiment: The regiment went into this action under command of Maj. Adam Clement, and, in conjunction with other regiments of this brigade, captured two batteries, drove their supports from the tield, and held a position a hundred yards in advance of the position of the batteries, keeping the enemy at bay, we being too few, having lost considerably, to advance against such odds as confronted us, until our supports came npon the field, when we retired, by order, to reform. In consequence of the absence of the adjutant, I am unable to state, with any certainty, the number carried into this engagement. Both officers and mcii con- ducted themselves with their usual skill, courage, and bravery, losing 9 killed and 55 wounded. GEO. W. LAZENBY, [Col. M. D. CoRSE.] Acting Adjutant. [12.] Report of Maj. Arthur Herbert, Seventeenth Virginia Infantry, of oper- ations August 2930. CAMP OF SEVENTEENTH VIRGINIA INFANTRY, October 14, 1862. SIR: I herein report part taken by the Seventeenth \Tirginia Regiment in the actions of the 29th and 30th of August at and near Manassas: Leaving our bivouac at Thoroughfare Gap on morning of 29th, we soon came in sound of the guns, and a short distance below Gainesville Page 135 CHAP. LXIII.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 135 in sight of our batteries, then replying rapidly to those of the enemy, were sent with our brigade and took position on extreme right of our line. In taking this position we had to cross an open field iu full view of the enemys battejies, which opened upon us with a hot fire of shell, under which our line advanced steadily and coolly. Our casualties were two men wounded. We were afterward moved with our brigade some three-quarters of a mile to the left, where we remained under arms and bivouacked for the night. On the morning of the 30th again under arms in same position, and remained so until about 4 oclock in the evening, when orders arrived for our brigade to forward iii the direction of the Chinn house. Some half a mile this side, our brigade was formed in line of battle, the Seventeenth occupying the right, Colonel Marye commanding. When near the Chinn house came under heavy fire of shell amid musketry, the enemys batteries and line of battle being in full view on the hill beyond. Our line advanced firmly under the enemys fire, and not until the men commenced firing and advancing did any irregularities occur, though many were shot down in this part of the engagement. It was here that our lieutenant. colonel received his wound and fell nobly doing his duty. The well- known bravery and good conduct of this officer needs no eulogy. Our color-sergeant being struck down, the colors were hardly allowed to touch the ground before they were seized by Corporal Harper, of the color guard, and by him carried steadily and bravely to the front dur- ing the remainder of tIme fight. Though somewhat scattered, our regi- ment assisted in capturing the enemys guns and driving them from that portion of the field. Private Coleman, Company E, taking from the enemys color-bearer the national colors of one of their regiments, handed them to Colonel Corse, who, waving them~ in front of the brigade, added life and renewed energy to our men. Officers and men, with rare exceptions, behaved well. Conspicuous for their coolness I beg leave to mention Lieutenant Gardner, acting adjutant of the regi- ment Lieutenant Perry, in command Company A; Lieutenant Turner, commanding Company C; Lieutenant Wallace, commanding Company F; Li~utenant Tubman, commanding Company F; Sergeant Lovelace, Company II, killed on the field; Privates Harper and Manly, Company G;Corpl. ~f Ryan, Company I, and many others whose names cannot be learned at this late day, owing to absence, wounds, and death of officers. Below please find list of casualties.* Respectfully, A. HERBERT, Major Seventeenth Virginia il3egmrnent. Col. NE. 1). CORSE. [12.] Report of Capt. Joseph A. Hambriek, Twenty-fourth Virginia Infantry, of operations August 2930. HEADQUARTERS TWENTY-FOURTH ViRGINIA REGIMENT, October 14, 1862. SIR: In the absence of Colonel Terry and the other field officers of the regiment I have the honor to report that on the afternoon of the 29th of August this regiment was detached from the brigade and ordered to the support of Captain Rogers battery, and although subjected to a severe artillery fire for several hours, I have no casualties to report Nominal list (omitted) shows 4 men killed and 5 officers and 39 men wounded Page 136 136 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. except that Captain Shelton was severely wounded by a fragment of shell. Lieutenan~t Smith, commanding Company B, was sent forward with his company deployed as skirmishers, but sustained no injury. The Twenty-fourth remained ih supporting distance of the battery until the afternoon of the 30th, when it was ordered to join the brigade. Being formed on the left of the brigade, the whole brigade moved off in the direction of the Chinn house, now the theater of a furious cannonade. A short halt was made in a corn-field and the brigade formed iii line of battle. A moment afterward and the word forward, men, Thrward, rang out along the whole line. The regiment moved off in good order, passed over the corn-field and through a narrow skirt of woods, and came suddenly upon an open field in hull view of the enemys battery, not more than 000 yards distant, its supports and his long line of bat- tle to the right. No halt was made, but the men and officers dashed forward in splendid style. Just before reaching the Chinn house Lieu- tenant-Colonel ilairston received a painful wound in the thigh and retired from the field. In passing the house the right of tlue Twenty. fourth and the left of the Seventh becanue intermingled, but formed promptly as soon as the obstacle was passed. We were not more than 250 yards from tlue enemys battery. He at once opened upon us with canister, doing considerable damage, but the men went forward like heroes. Lieutenant French was here killed, Lieutenants Carter and Shockley severely wounded. The enemy stood by his guns until we had almost reached his line of battle, when he suddenly gave way and went pell-mell across the field, leaving their splendid battery a trophy to the valor of the Twenty-fourth and Seventh Virginia Itegiments (the right of the Twenty-fourth and tlue left of the Seventh having passed directly over the ground occupied by it). The enemy was pursued to the neighboring woods, when the brigade was relieved. Colonel Terry had his horse shot in two places and behaved most gallantly. I regret to say that our loss was very heavy, being nearly 40 per cent., having 11 killed and 67 wounded, a good many of whom have since died. i~tespectfully submitted. J. A. HAMBIRICK, Capt., Comdg. Twenty-fourth Virginia Beyt., Kempers Brigade. Colonel ConsE, Commanding First Brigade. [12.] Kempers Division. SEPTEMBER 6, 1862.Evacuation of Frederick, Nd., by Union forces. Report of Capt. William T. Faithful, First ]Jiliaryland Potomac Home Brigade Infantry. CAMP AT SANDY bow, Mm, September 8, 1862. Sin: Having been notified on the night of the 5th of September, 1862, by Col. ID. 5. Miles, commanding, that Frederick was threatened l)y the enemy, and that I should destroy all quartermaster and com- mussary stores, I hereby make the following report: I immediately had all tlue horses sent off to a place of safety in Pennsylvania. I immediately gathered up all the cars in Frederick and loaded them with quartermaster and commissary stores and shipped them to Baltimore. I then proceeded to gather all Govern- ment wagons, with others that I pressed into service, and loaded the Page 137 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 137 with the most costly of hospital stores, and all books and papers of the quartermasters and commissary departments, and placed them under the command of Ejeut. 0-. T. Castle, acting assistant quartermaster, and sent them on toward Pennsylvania, after which 1 sent some 275 con- valescents from the hospital to Gettysburg, to intercept the Northern Central llailroad, that they might be shipped to Baltimore or Phila- delphia, and not fall into the hands of the enelriy. Such hospital stores as could not be sent off for the want of transportation I ordered to be destroyed, under the superintendence of Asst. Surg. P~. F. Weir, iu charge of hospital. After having seen everything safely oil; I theu ordered the telegraph operator to detach his instruments and leave for Baltimore or Washington, to report to the general superintendent. This having been accomplished,~ I started with my company and all men belonging to the regiment for Knoxville. Having arrived there, and finding no headquarters, I came on to Sandy Hook and reported my command to Col. W. P. Maulsby. I have further to report that in consequence of having no means of conveyance I could not bring any of my company property along with me, consequel)tly I am without company books, tents, & c. I arrived at Sandy Hook Saturday after- noon at 4 oclock, September 6, 1862. All of which I most respectfnlly submit. I remain, yours, very respectfully, W. T. FAiTHFUL, Capt., Late Provost-Marshal and Comdg. OJJleer at Frederick, Aid. Lieut. H. C. REYNOLDS, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Railroad Brigade, Harpers Ferry, Va. [19.] SEPTEMBER 3-20, 1862.The Maryland Campaign. Report oJ. Lient. Peter C. Hains, U. S. Corps of Engineers, commanding ~attery if, Second U. S. Artillery, of operations September 518. CAMP AT SHARPSBURG, MD., September 26, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to transmit the following report of the oper- ations of Horse Battery M, Second Artillery, during the recent engage- ments with the enemy. The battery was attached to General Pleason- tons cavalry division September 5, 1862. It was complete with six pieces, 3-inch caliber. We left Tennallytown on the evening of 5th of September, and proceeded with the cavalry on the advance, without any occurrence of importance till we arrived at Dawsonville. By Gen- eral Pleasontons order a section under Lieutenant Chapin was detached and sent forward with Colonel Farnsworths cavalry to Poolesville (Lieutenant Chapins report is annexed) .~ Lieutenant Chapin rejoined the battery at Barnesville on the 9th instant. On the morning of the 10th, by General Pleasontons order, his section was sent to report to Colonel MeReynolds. On the 11th instant the rest of the battery moved forward with the cavalry, and overtook the enemy on the morn- ing of the 13th, l)osted on the crest of the hills commanding the road to Middletown. The enemy opened fire on us as we approached, at about 6 a. m. I brought forward the leading section and placed it in action on the right of the road. The other section was held in reserve. Captain Robertson took position on my left and somewhat nearer the Not found Page 138 138 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. IXIIL enemy. The firing was thus kept up for some time. Being under Cap- tain Robertsons orders, I received orders from him to bring forward my reserved section and open fire. This section I placed in an orchard about 1,400 yards from the enemy. The other section was moved up closer on the right. The whole battery then opened a fire of case-shot and percus- sion-shell on the eneruy, and after a sharp cannonade of several hours the enemy retired. Notwithstanding the inequality of position of our battery and that of the enemy, we drove them from their position with the loss of only two horses. Upon their retiring, we followed with alacrity, and overtook them again near Middletown. A few rounds from a section of my battery, and from Captain Gibsons battery on my right, sufficed to silence them again, this time without loss on onr part. That night one section was placed in a commanding position, covering the road to Boonsborough, and supported by three squadrons of the First Massachusetts Cavalry. The battery did not engage the enemy agamn nntml the battle of Sharpsburg, on the 17th instant. On the morning of the 17th orders were received to move forward, which I did, supported by Colonel Childs cavalry. We crossed the bridge at the Antietamn Creek, moved forward, and immediately engaged the enemy. One section, ummder command of Lieutenant Hamilton, was placed in position on the right of the road, the other, under Sergeant Reilly, on the left, placed there by Captaimi Robertson. The enemy were in con- siderable force in front of ns, and concentrated a heavy artillery fire on the rmght section. Sharpshooters sent forward by the enemy, and posting themselves behind a stone wall, annoyed us some, they being in good rifle range. After several hours hard fighting, the enemy were either driven from their guns or compelled to retire. About this time I received orders to retire my battery, which not being immediately obeyed was repeated. I then retired the right section one piece at a time. As soon as the right section was fairly on the road I retired the other. Our loss in the whole engagement was, with the excep- tmon of one smugle horse, confined wholly to Lieutenant Hamiltons section. ln that section I lost Lance Corporal Frain, wounded, 2 pri- vat~s killed, 2 wounded, and 2 horses wounded. At the other section our loss was 1 horse killed. One of the ammunition chests had a shot put through it. The projectiles principally used were case-shot and percussion shell. At about 5 p. m. I took position on the same hill, but on the right of the road, ammd engaged the enemy again. The fire this time was directed against their infantry entirely. The column of the enemy that moved against our right wing suffered severely from our fire, both on their advance and on being driven back. At dark I received orders to retire to my former camping ground. I am grati. fled to bring to your notice the gallamit conduct of Lieutenant Hanmil. ton, chief of the riglmt section, who had to act as gunner at one of his pmeces under a galling fire, which had disabled the gunner of it and wounded and killed four of its canmiomicers. First Sergeant Reilly, who conmmammded the left section, performed his duties with remarkable coolness. Sergeants Pfeffer and Flood and Corporal llasenzahl and Lance Corporal Framn (who was wounded) all deserve special notice. All the nien of the company behaved with their accustomed coolness an(l courage with one exception, Private Litten, who was not at all remarkable for coolness or courage. On the morning of the 18th instant the battery started with Colonel MeReynolds cavalry toward Williamsport. Lieutenant Chapin was detached with his section to go with a battalion of the First New York Cavalry on the Sharpsburg road. His annexed report will show the part taken by the section i Page 139 ChAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. the encounter that ensued.* On the mornin g of the 19th we entered Williainsport and remained theTe till the 22d instant, when I was relieved ill command of the company by Lieutenant Pennington, Second Artillery. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. C. HAINS, First Lieutenant, Corps of Engineers. Capt. A. J. COHEN, A ssistant Adjutant- General, Pleasontons Cavalry Division. [19.1 Report of Capt. James Thompson, Pennsylvania Light Artillery, of oper- ations September 17. CAMP NEAR SHARPSBURcT, Mm, September 22, 1862. SIR: II beg to report for your information the part taken and list of casualties in Capt. James Thonipsons battery, Pennsylvania Volun- teer Light Artillery: In accordance with orders, received through Captaiu Williams, we moved from the position occupied by us during the night and followed the division, as ordered, and selected a position in grass field, in rear of General Duryeas brigade, and Leplied to a rebel battery to our right front; but finding that a battery to our left front had got the correct range of our position, I directed my fire on it, and as the smoke from the enemy and our guns prevented me from closely observing the effects of our fire, I directed my men to fire slowly until they could get the correct range, when I was ordered to advance, and came into action in plowed field for a few minutes, when I advanced into corn-field, in rear of right of Duryeas brigade, and continued in action until about 10 a. in. During the action I observed the enemy advancing from the wood to our right front, when we directed our fire on them, using short fuse, as we could not use canister, as many of our men were lying wounded in front of our guns. When, finding that our division had retiffed, and that I had not sufficient men left to man my guns, I retired to first position in grass field. The moment I halted eighteeii of my horses fell dead, when I retired, having to abandon the disabled guns for a few moments until I could return with teams to haul them to the rear. I afterward returned to recover the harness, but found it cut and destroyed, having had 19 team and 4 non-conimissioned officers horses shot and several others wounded.t Very respectfully, JAMES THOMPSON, Captain, Comdg. independent Battery Pennsylvania Vol. Artillery. General J. B. RICKETTS. [19.] _____ Report of Brig. Gen. Abram Duryea, U. S. Army, of operations Septem- ber 17. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND Div., FIRST CORPS, Near Sharpsburg, September 20, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report, for the information of the general commanding the division, that on the morning of the 17th, at early * Not fonad. Nominal list of casualties (here omitted) shows 12 men wounded, including 2 men attached from the One Ihundred an(l fifth New York Infantry, both of whom snhseqnently died in the Smoketown hospital Page 140 140 MD., B. N. cx, PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL dawn, we took the position assigned us on the field of l)attle as a reserve in support of General Hartsuff for the engagements of the day. The action opened at daylight, but, owing to the early fall of General llartsuff, we quickly gained the right of the division and immediately became hotly engaged with the enemy. The position of the enemy was in a corn-field slightly oblique with the center lines, forming an acute angle with the left of the first line. There were two batteries on our right, which opened with terrible effect upon the enemy. Our infantry, maintaining their ground, poured in a flank fire with great execution. The conflict continued until there were only about 100 men of the One hundred and fourth and One hundred and fifth New York liegiments left on the right of the brigade. At this point the cannoneers of one of the batteries were compelled to abandon their guns. The remnants of the two regiments above named rallied behind a large rock and con- tinued to pour in a deadly fire until re-enforcements came up and cov- ered the guns. The enemys dead upon the field were almost in as perfect line as if on dress parade. It gives me pleasure to say that the men conld not have fought with more determination and gallantry. Yours, most respectfully, A. 1I~URYEA, Capt. JOHN W. WILLIAMS, Brigadier- General. Assistant Adjutant- General. [19.] Report of Cot. Richard Coulter, Eleventh Pennsylvania L~fantry, com manding brigade, of operations September 1617. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIc~., SECOND DIV., FIRST ARMY CoRPS, Camp near Sharpsbnrg, Md., September 21, 1862. SIR: In pursuance of orders I report the following as the part borne by this (General llartsuffs) brigade in the action with the enemy of 16th and 17th instant: On evening of 16th brigade was (under heavy fire of artillery and with loss of some wounded) placed in position, in line, connecting with General Duryeas (First) brigade on right and left resting in rear of right of General Seymours brigade. Here remained on arms during night. At daylight 17th General llartsuff moved brigade forward, skirmishers being advanced, who soon engaged the enemy. On reaching wood in which General Seymour was already engage(l, learned that General Hartsuft (who was in advance examining position) had been severely wounded and removed from the field. I here assumed command of brigade, which was at the time in line as follows, commencing on the right: Twelfth Massachusetts, Major Burbank; Eleventh Penusylva. nia, Colonel Coulter; Thirteenth Massachusetts, Major Gould, and Eighty-third New York, Lieutenant-Colonel Atterbury, time left (F~iglmty- third New York Volunteers and Thirteenth Massachusetts) occupy- ing rear of wood occupied by General Seymonr and right (Eleventh Pennsylvania and Twelfth Massachusetts) lime open ground to right of woods. In this position I advanced brigade to front, and, at suggestion of General Seymour, to right, so as to clear right of his line. This obliquing to the right had the effect of bringing one-half of Thirteenth Massachusetts into opeim ground, leaving the other half of this regiment and the Eighty-third New York Volunteers in the wood somewhat protected by the trees and nature of the ground. Th Page 141 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 141 advance was maintained under a most severe fire of artillery and infantry, which, however, was as briskly replied to as the forward move- ment would admit of. This continued until the left had reached within about forty yards of the front of woods mentioned, and in front of which the enemy had well established their line. The loss was becom- ing very heavy, especially on the right, and repeated demands were being made throughout the line for additional ammunitionthe supply being by this time nearly exhausted. The left was re-enforced by a part of the Second (General Towers) Brigade, in consequence of which, and the protected nature of the ground, a very heavy fire was main- tained from this quarter, while on the right the fire lessened every moment. At this time Colonel Lyle, Ninetieth Pennsylvania Volun- teers, advanced through the woods to the right and engaged the enemy. Their ammunition being now entirely exhausted, the Eleventh Penn- sylvania and Twelfth Massachusetts were withdrawn about 200 yards to the rear, where, being afterward joined by the Eighty-third New York and Thirteenth Massachusetts, the brigade was reformed. Here remained until the front line was occupied by another division, when, by orders of General Ricketts, again moved forward to join other brigades of division, where a supply of ammunition was received and a rest allowed. In the afternoon again moved with division to the right to the sup- port of batteries engaged at that point, and there remained during even- ing and night. The brigade went into action about 5 oclock and retired about 9 a. m. For two hours of that time it was exposed to a most galling fire, as is shown by the casualties reported, while a view of the ground occupied by the enemy in this attack exhibits at least a fourfold mortality. The Eighty-third New York went into action with fifteen officers, of whom three were disabled. I would desire to make favora- ble mention of Captain Moesch and Captain Hendrickson, of this regi- ment. The Thirteenth Massachusetts had disabled three officers out of twelve taken into action. I would here make especial mention of Major Gouhj, commanding this regiment. I-Ic brought his men well into action, by his gallantry maintained and encouraged them while there, and was among the last to leave the field. The Eleventh Pennsylvania had five officers disabled (two temporarily) out of nine taken into action. Upon my assuming command of the brigade the command of this regiment devolved upon Capt. D. M. Cook, who commanded throughout the action and brought it off the fields Adjutant Uncapher had his horse killed and was himself injured by the fall, but remained upo ithe field. The services of this officer were invaluable to me, being the oniy mounted assistant I had upon the field. Lieutenant Thomas also deserves men- tion for his gallantry. The Twelfth Massachusetts had killed and dis- abled eleven officers of fifteen taken into the field. The loss of this regiment, owing to its position, was by far the most severe in the brigade. Major Burbank commanded at the commencement of the action and was disabled early. He performed his whole duty while in the field. Cap- tain Allen, who next assumed command, was also severely wounded. I cannot express too high an opinion of this oflicer. He has proved himself one of the most gallant officers in the brigade. The command of this regiment next devolved upon Capt. B. F. Cook, who commanded during the rem inder of the action, and brought the regiment off the field. Lieutenant Clark and Lieutenant ~ehon (acting adjutant), who with Captain Cook were the only officers left, are mentioned for their coolness and the efficient assistance rendered. The loss of officers cannot be replacedmany have been lost permanently to the service Page 142 142 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII while others will be disabled for a long time. This, however, is of minor importance to the loss of General llartsuff at the time and under the circumstances when it occurred. To appreciate this it is necessary to know both the officer and the high estimation in which he is held by his entire brigade. All had been schooled to look to him as their leader, in whom all trust could be placed and no faltering was to be appre- hended. It was with elasticity and buoyancy of spirit unprecedented that our line first moved to the fight. The change was most percepti- ble when we had learned that General Hartsuff could not further lead his regiments on that day. A detailed report of casualties has been heretofore furnished. This was incomplete, however, owing to the cir- cumstances. An additional report of casualties will be made when the necessary information can be obtained.* I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant 14. COULTER Capt. JOHN ~. WILLiAMS, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Assistant Adjutant- General of Division. [19.] Report of Col. B. Biddle Roberts, First Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations September 14. IIDQRS. FIRST RE~T., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE CORPS, Camp near Sharpsburg, September 16, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that on Sunday afternoon, S ep- tember 14, 18 G2, the regiment, as a portion of the First Brigade, Penn- sylvania Reserve Corps, advanced to South Mountain, movin gin column of division, avoiding as much as possible the shell of the enemy, and gaining the immediate base of the mountain, r eiflained some time under cover of a forest, and having formed line of battle, two companies, to~ wit, A, Lieutenant Kields commanding, and B, Lieutenant Bear commanding, were thrown out as skirmishers to support the First Rifles, who were hotly engaged with the enemy ou the right. About 5 oclock a general engagement caine on, and having received an order to advance, I moved the eight remaining companies forward, and under the imine- diate personal direction of General Seymour charged up the mountain side. The enemy were strongly intrenched at the top behind rocks and temporary protections, and while advancing upon them we suffered severely from their fire, but by a rapid move we succeeded in driving them and gained the apex of the mountain in advance of all others. The enemy were arme(l with Enfield rifles (Tower guns), and their fire was particularly destructive, as will be seen by reference to the list of casualties already sent forward.t Having gained the field and darkness coming on, we were unable to pursue the enemy farther, and lay upon our arms for the night. The troops engaged by us were mainly Ala- bama regiments, but their numbers or commanders names I am unable to give, with the single exception of the name of Colonel Gayle, who was killed, and whose body was carefully buried by my men. On Mon- day we moved forward under general orders. I take pleasure in naming among my surviving officers and men the following as having particu- larly distinguished themselves for gallantry and good conduct: Capt. For revised table of losses, see Vol. XIX, Part I, p. 190. Embodied in table, Vol. XIX, Part I, p. 185 Page 143 CRAP. iLXHI.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 143 William Cooper Talley, Company F; Capt. T. B. Kaufman, Company I; Lieut. J. II. T. Coates, Company C; Private (now Acting Lieutenant) John C. Harvey, Private (now Acting Lieutenant) Alfred lfThpert, and Private Thomas MeNamee, who bore the colors. The general deportment of both officers and men was such as to secure my unqualified approbation and to render personal notices extremely diffi~uIt to make with justice to all. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. RIDDLE ROBEliTS, Colonel First Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. [19.] Report of Capt. William C. Talley, First Pennsylvania Reserves ,of operations September 1617. HDQRS. FIRST REGT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE CORPS, Camp near Sharpsbarg, September 21, 1862. CAPTAIN: Late on the afternoon of the 16th the regiment moved with the division into a forest near , and while crossing a field to take positiou a heavy fire of musketry was opened npou ns by the enemy, lasting until the darkness prevented ns from seeing them. We succeeded in driving them from the woods, threw out four companies as skirmishers, who kept up a desultory fire all night. On the morn- ing of the 17th, as soon as day dawned, the fire of the enemy was renewed. The skirmishers, however, held their positioii until relieved by some troops from Towers brigade, when the regiment was with- drawn in good order. The list of killed and wonnded has already been forwarded, to which reference is respectfully made.* Six prisoners were takei, 1 commissioned officer and 5 men, and sent to the rear. The conduct of both officers and nien was highly commendable. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. COOPER TALLEY, Captain of Company F, Commanding. [19.] Report of Lient. Col. John Clark-, Third Pennsylvania Reserres,of operations September 1417. HDQRS. 3D REGT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. CORPS, October 2, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report the operations of this regiment at the battles of the 14th and 17th of September: On the 14th, soon after arriving on the held, I was ordered to move oft to the right with the regiment and take a position on an eminence to guard against and arrest the approach of the enemy on our right hank and to report from time to time to General Hooker any movement of the enemy that I saw. I marched the regiment to the point desig- nated and remained there until near sundown, when 1 received orders from General Uqoker to return to the point we had left, as the cavalry were able to attend to that part of the field. I returned as ordered, and found that the division had moved farther up the Inountain. I See Vol. XIX, Part I, p. 190 Page 144 144 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. sent a lieutenant to rel)ort to General Meade for orders. After consid- erable difficulty he found I he general, who gave orders for the regiment to move up and support Ransoms battery. I marched the regiment to the point as directed, and found that Captain Ransom had been able to move but two pieces on the hill. I remained with them until they were ordered away. I followed them down to the turnpike and on to Antietam Creek, but in consequence of the road being blocked up with trains and troops, we were unable to rejoiu the division until sunrise on the 16th. On the morning of the 16th we took our place in the division and marched with them until near what was afterward the bat- tle-field of the 17th. Here I was ordered to throw out eight companies of the regiment as skirmishers in different directions. With the balance of the regiment I marched to the woods, where the enemy opened fire upon us with artillery, and remained in this wood all night. Was engaged early on Wednesday morning. We first marched some dis. tance by the right flank, then closed column by division and approached the enemy. When near enough we deployed into line of battle; but unfortunately we halted and fronted two or three times, which kept our flank for a considerable time exposed to a heavy fire. The last time our men became somewhat confused, but were soon rallied and held the enemy in check for a time until General Meade got a battery in I)lace, which aided very materially in turning the tide of battle at that point until re-enforcements arrived on the ground. We were then relieved and ordered to retire to the rear. I would state that the eight coin- panies of this regiment sent out as skirmishers were detained so late on Tuesday that many of the men and some of the officers were unable to find the regiment in the darkness; consequently we had short of 200 men in the engagement. Out of this number our killed and wounded was just 25 per cent. I take pleasure in mentioning the efficient aid rendered me on the field by the following officers: Maj. William Briner, Actg. Adjt. II. S. Jones, Captains Harkins, Straub, and Davenport, Lieutenants Bamford, Nicholson, and Glenn. Your obedient servant, JOHN CLARK, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. [19.] Reports of tiapt. Thomas F. B. Tapper, Fourth Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations & ptember 1417. HDQIIS. 4TH RECT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. CORPS, Near AS~harpsburg, ]Iid., October 1, 18(72. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of the Fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps, in the action of South Mountain, September 14, 1862: The Fourth Regiment started from the Monocacy River Sunday, September 14, 1862, and marched on the Hagerstown turnpike until it reached the base of the South Mountains. Here the regiment was marched on a road leading to the right about two miles, and formed in line of battle facing the mountains. The regiment was then ordered to advance up the mountain. At the foot of the moun.tain we engaged the enemy, but the regiment advanced steadily and drove the enemy over the mountain, and took up a position near the sumninit, and slept on our arms for the night. The next mornimig it was found the enem Page 145 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 145 liad retired some time during the night. A list of the killed, wounded, and missing has been furnished.* I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, TUGS. F. B. TAPPER, Capt., 4th Regt., Pennsylvania Reserve Vol. Corps, Comdg. Regt. Capt. E. C. BAIRD, U. S. Army, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Div. Pennsylvania Reserve Vol. Corps. [19.] IIDQRS. 4TH REGT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. CORPS, Near Sharpsburg, ]lIid., October 1, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of the Fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps, in the actions of Antietam, September 1617 1862: The Fonrth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps, marched from near Keedysville, on the Williamsport road, on the 16th of September. 1862. When near the Williamsport and Sharpsburg turnpike the enemy was discovered to our left. We immediately ad- vanced toward the enemy, marching iii column of division, until we arrived at a wood s directly in front of the enemys position, where we were deployed in line nuder cover of the woods, and where we lay on our arms for the night, throwing out a few men as pickets. Early next morning we were marched in column of division to the front and deployed in front of the enemy. We were then marched by the left flank under a very destructive fire from the enemy, when the regiment gave way, but it soon rallied and advanced to the front, maintaining its ground. Shortly after the enemy gave way. Being relieved by Sumners corps, fell to the rear, where the regiment was again formed ready for action, but was not called upon. A list of the killed, wounded, and missing has been furuished.t Jam, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. F. B. TAPPER, Capt., 4th Regt., Pennsylvania Reserve Vol. Corps, Comdg. Regt. Capt. E. C. BAIRD, U. S. Army, Asst. Adjt. Gem, Div. Pennsylvania Reserve Vol. Corps. [19.] Report of Gol. Joseph W. Fisher, Fifth Pennsylvania Reserves, of oper ations September 1417. IIDQRS. FIFTH REGIMENT, PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES, September 22, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to present the following report of the battles of 14th, 16th, and 17th instant. I embrace the whole in one general report from~the consideration that separate reports would cover more space than I wish to inflict upon you: On Sunday, 14th instant, my regiment was ordered by you to take a position on the north side of a hill, a spur of the South Mountain, in the good old State of Maryland, near the Monocacy, and charge the enemy through a corn-field on the northern slope, go to the top of the hill, and hold it, and be sure to kill some of the rebels. In the march my regi- ment was the fourth in the brigade. I followed the skirmishers of the ~ See Vol. XIX, Part I, p. 185. t See Vol. XIX, Part I, p. 191. 10 R RVOL LI, PT Page 146 14~ MD., F. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W.,. & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. First Pennsylvania Rifles. On arriving on the summit of the first hill I discovered that the Rifles were engaged with a body of the enemy, which was giving them an undue share of the work. I then changed direction and marched by the left flank, where I gave them (the rebels) a raking fire, punishing them severely and causing them to break and retreat in great disorder. I at once pursued them over a high stone- wall and throngh a corn-field, reaching the top of the hill before either of the other regiments, all the time keeping my line in perfect order. When I arrived at the summit I halted, called my rolls, and found only eight of my men unaccounted for. In this fight I lost 1 killed (John A. Hongendoubler, of Company K, a gallant and faithfnl soldier, who in seventeen months~ service has not to my knowledge ever had to be reproved by his company or regimental commander), and 12 wounded. I wish to ask particular attention to the fact that although my regi- ment had been several honrs engaged, I had bnt eight men absent at my evening roll-call. On Tuesday evening, September 16, I was ordered by you to take a position on the left of your brigade and make my quarters for the night under a tree which you did me the honor to point out. When I halted I told my men where I might be found, bnt unfor- tunately the enemy, or at least a regiment of them, were lying in a piece of woods within twenty paces of my line, and heard all my arrangements for the night, and scarcely had I lain down when they opened a terrific fire upon me, but fortunately none of their missiles took effect as they intended, and in conseqnence I am here to tell the story. I immediately got my men into proper position, and returned their fire with such efThct that I have understood from prisoners taken the next day that we killed or wounded about half of their men. I kept my men, although very tired, under arms during the night. About 2 a. m. they again opened on me, thinking no doubt that in the still hour of the night they would take me off my guard. But I have not so learned duty. I at once returned their fire, and although I punished them rather severely, I did not lose a man. I regret to say, ho.wever, in the first attack I lost Hardman P. Petrikin, of Company E, one of my most daring and gallant officers. I also had one man wounded. As soon as it became light enough to see what I was doing I charged across the piece of woodland in my front, routii~g the enemy and taking possession of the woodland, which I held until the regiments on my right fell back, when I very reluctantly retired, which was done in excellent order. In all these battles my officers and men behaved with the greatest coolness and bravery, with very few exceptions. In this connection it is but right that I should mention the names of some of my officers and men who distinguished themselves by most remarkable braveryamong whom may and should be mentioned Major Zentmyer, Captains Larri- mer, MePherran, Wolfe; Lieutenant Snay, Company A; Lieutenants Slater and Mans, Company B; Lieutenant MeGaughey, Company C, who had been wouimded at Bull Run and just returned to duty; Lieu- tenant Potter, Company C; Lieutenant Schaflie, Company D, who for his gallantry I have recommended for a captaincy; Lieutenant Hildebrand, Company G; Sergeant McNally, who was in command of Company II; Lieutenants Porter and Zentmyer, of Company I; Sergeant-Major McCall, whose name has since been forwarded for a lientenancy; Sergt. John M. llhoads, of Company H, whose name has also been forwarded for a lientenancy. Among the privates I am not prel)ared to say who most distinguished themselves, but my attention was l)articularly directed to Thomas Carney, of Company K; Mulhin, of Company F Page 147 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 147 Betts of ComnH~y C, of whom I have had occasion to mention favor- ably in ~ former report. I will take occasion to forward at an early period a list of the names of private soldiers whom I regard as worthy of especial mention. I mnst not, however, before closing this report, fail to mention the case of Major Chamberlin of the One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Yolunteers. He was formerly a captain of my regiment, and severely wounded and taken prisoner at White Oak Swamp, on the Peninsula. Although having in his hands a commission as major of aiiother regiment, he heard that the Pennsylvania Reserves were likely to get into active operation, he, although still suffering from his wound, came on and asked a place with his old companions, and went through the three above-named battles, ren(lering the most efficient services, clearly winning for himself the title of the bravest of the brave. In thus speaking of the gallantry of my officers and men I regret that candor compels me to give the other side of the picture. Captain Collins, of Company K, by some strange fatality finds his health to fail about the commencement of almost every battle, and I regret to say that iii our late struggle, on which so much depended, the captain did not make his appearance, and is now absent without proper leave. Lieutenant Shaw, of Company F, disgracefully fled wliemi the regiment was fired upon in the night, and gave an alarm which to others, had they been as cowardly as himself, might have proved disastrous. My only regret is that his cowardly legs were not equal to the task of carrying him out of reach of the regiment. I will forward at an early day an application for his prompt dismissal. I cannot close this report without bearing testimony to the gallantry of commanders of the dif- ferent regiments of the First Brigade and their entire commands: Colonels Roberts, McNeil, Sinclair, and Captain l3yrnes, all of whom behaved well themselves, and their troops came up to the great work before them in such a manner that we were enabled constantly to present an unbroken front to the enemy. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, J. W. FISHER, Colonel Fifth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserves. Brig. Gen. T. SEYMOUR.] ~l9.] Report of Col. William Sinclair, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, of oper- ations September 1617. SIIARPSBURG, Mm, September 21, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volumiteer Corps, in the action of September 16 and 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Md.: The regiment was on the right of Seymours brigade, and advanced into the woods occupied by the enemy al~out 6.30 p. m. on the 16th instant. After reaching the woods a few rounds were fired into the corn-field in front occupied by the enemy. The batteries of the enemy shelled the woods until after dark. The enemy began an attack with musketry at daylight on the 17th instant, and shortly after opened on the woods with shot amid shell. When Hartsuffs brigade advanced the regiment was ordered to take post about~ 200 yards farther to the left. It remained in this position until all of our troops had retired and the woods was occupied by a large force of the enemy, when it retired. The conduct of the officers and men was good on the 16th. Ou th Page 148 148 MD., E. N. cx, PA., VA., ~XOEPT,S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. 17th the regiment was very niuch reduced in numbers by men taking the wounded to the rear without my orders. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM SINCLAIR, Colonel ASiXth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. Lieut C. N. JACKSON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [19.] Report of ]Jfaj. Chauncey A. Lyman, & venth Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations $eptember 1417. IIDQRS. 7TH REG-T., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. Coups Camp near Sharpsburg, AId., October 1, 1862. SIR: In compliance with your circular of to-day, I have the honor to report that on the 14th of September, 1862, the Seventh Regiment, under command of Colonel Bolinger, marched from camp near Fred- erick City to South Mountain, and was engaged with the brigade iu that battle. Our loss was inconsiderable, except that Colonel Bolinger was seriously wounded during the action, and the command of the regi- ment devolved upon myself. The next day (being Monday) we marched to Antietam Creek, where we encamped for the night. On Tuesday the regiment crossed with the brigade and proceeded toward Sharps- burg, where we met the enemy near night and lay on our arms in the woods until morning, when, at about 6 a. in., the line was formed and the enemy met in front in a corn-field. The regiment was under a gall- ing fire of musketry for some time, and lost about one-third their num- ber engaged, but firmly remained on the ground until their ammunition was nearly expended and relieved by other troops. With the excep- tions, one lieutenant and a few skulkers, I can only [state] that officers and men are deserving the highest praise for gallantry and obedience during both actions, and we have to report the loss of Captain Colwell, of Company A, and Lieutenant Sanders, of Company K (acting adju- tant), who were killed while at their post, manfully doing their duty. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. LYMAN, Major, Commanding Seventh Regiment. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Second Brigade. [19.] Report of Maj. Silas M. Baily, Eighth Pennsylvania Reserves, of oper- ations September 14~17.* CAMP NEAR ~HARPSBURG, MD., October 2, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the battles of the 14th, 16th, and 17th ultimo, in which the Eighth Regiment, Penn- sylvania Reserve Corps, was engaged: On Sunday, the 14th, the regiment, which constituted part of the Second Brigade, Pennsylvania Reserves, was marched from Monocacy bridge to near the base of South Mountain, when it was marched about a mile to the right of the National pike, when the division deployed into line. The Third Brigade having been sent toward the right, the * See also report of September 21, Vol. XIX, Part I, p. 1093 Page 149 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 149 Eiglith Regiment formed the extreme left of the division. The order to advance soon passed along the line, which the men responded to in fine style, and were soon engaged with the enemy on the mountain side, whom they drove at every point, and about dark had the satisfaction of seeing the last of them pushed over the brow of the hill in full retreat, leaving their dead and wounded in our hands. 1 regret to have to report the death of First Lieut. William M. Carter, of Company 13, a fine soldier and brave man, who fell while gallantly leading his company in the thickest of the fight. The loss of the regiment in this engagement was 13 killed and 36 wounded. On the 16th ultimo the regiment, with the division, was thrown across Antietam Creek, and after marching for some distance through woods and fields, the First Brigade became engaged with the enemy; but on being sent farther forward was not engaged except with artillery. Being screened by a strip of woods, we were ordered to lie down, where we remained all night. We were thrown into the field with the division early on the morning of the 17th, and were soon hotly engaged in front of the corn-field. Officers and men behaved themselves nobly. Where all did their duty so well it would be invidious for me to mention names. The loss of the regiment was 11 killed and 40 wounded, including 3 commissioned officers, who were wounded; two of them but slightly, however, who are again at their posts. Respectfully submitted. S. M. BAILY, Major, Comdg. Eighth Regiment, Peunsyleania Reserve Corps. General MAGILTON. [19.] Reports of GapA. Samuel B. Dick, Ninth Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations September 1417. IIDQnS. NLNTH REGT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE CORPS, Camp near Sharpsburg, 314., September 21, 18G2. SIR: I have the honor to forward herewith the report of the part taken by the Ninth Regiment whilst nuder my command in the battle of the 14th instant: The regiment moved forward on the right of the Third Brigade, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Anderson, until we had gained a point about midway down the hill, when owing to the wounds Colonel Gallagher, conimauding brigade, had received (compelling him to retire from the field), he turned the command of the brigade over to Lieutenant- Colonel Anderson. The commaud of the regiment devolving on me, I continued to advance my regiment under a heavy fire until we had gained a stone fence near the foot of the hill, which we used as a breast- work to fire from. I remained there about twenty minutes, directing the fire of my regiment toward a log-house in the hollow, from which point we were receiving a heavy fire. I then ordered an advance, when we surrounded the house and took its inmates prisoners, numbering some fifteen men. My ammunition by this time was about exhausted, which fact I reported to Lieutenant-Colonel Anderson, commanding brigade, who immediately ordered the Tenth Regiment, which had been held in reserve, to advance at double-quick to my relief, and ordered me to halt at that point for ammunition. I halted and endeavored to 3ollect my memi, who were much scattered from the broken nature of the ground we had been occupying, and found I had upward of 100 pris- oners. By this time the Tenth had driven the enemy over the mou Page 150 150 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., LXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. tam, and I remained at that point gathering in prisoners and collecting arms, & c., until dusk, wheu the firing had altogether ceased on my front. Lieutenant Bemus theu rode forward and informed me that a fresh brigade had gone in to relieve us. Being much encumbered by my prisoners, I determined on going back to the top of the hill to turii them over to the provost guard, which I accordingly did, and while reforming my regiment General Meade rode up and ordered me back to the mountain. I started up the road again, and it being intensely dark, and having no guide, I wandered on until I came to General Sey- mours pickets, where I halted and reported to General Seymour, who directed me to remain where T was to support Captain Ransoms bat- tery. I accordingly bivouacked where I was until morning, wheii I rejoined the balance of the division on the top of the mountain. The officers and men all behaved with the greatest gallantry during the entire engagement, and injustice would be done unless mentioning all of them. Full lists of the casualties have already been forwarded.* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, & c., SAML. B. DICK, Lient. GEORGE H. BEMUS, Captain, Commanding. Acting Assistant Adjutant- Generat. [19.] IIDQRS. 9TH IREGT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. CoRPS Camp near AS1harpsburg, Md., October [21, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to forward herewith the report of the part taken by my regiment in~ the actions of September 16 and 17: We moved from our camp near Keedysville about 3 p. m. on the Wil- liamsport road, following the First and Second Brigades. After cross- ing Antietam Creek we moved on nearly two miles, xvheu we left the road, taking into the fields to the left, where we closed in mass by cokimn of division. We then moved forward following the preceding brigades until the enemys pickets were met and driven in by the First Brigade. We continued our advance toward a piece of woods in our front, when we were opened on by the enemys batteries from a lull on our right. I was directed to flank my regiment and move at double- quick into the shelter of the woods, forming in line of battle on the right of the Second Brigade. The Tenth Regiment being now on my right flank, facing the Sharpsburg and Hagerstown turnpike, I threw out three companies on picket to the outer edge of the wood, connecting with the picket of the Tenth on the turnpike and within 300 yards of the enemys battery. All remained quiet on my line until 5 a. in., when I again received orders to mass my regiment in column of division and move forward in the rear of Kings division. Having arrived at the outer edge of the woods I was again halted, but owing to the enemys bat- tery on the right having obtained our range I was again withdrawn into the woods. After remaining here a few moments I was moved by the left flank until we had cleared the woods, when I again moved to the front toward a corn-field, where a portion of Kings division was hotly engaging the enemy. I formed my line of battle close to the fence and instructed my men to lie down and await orders. We had not been long in this position when I discovered the New York Four- teenth coming out of the corn in some confusion, hotly pursued by the enemy. We held our fire until the enemy had advanced to within See Vol. XIX, Part I, p. 186 Page 151 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 151 twenty-five yards of us, when we delivered the entire volley of the regiment, driving them back in confusion. General Gibbon then ordered me to advance throngh the corn, as his brigade was on my right. I advanced and continued driving the enemy out of the corn, capturing two stand of their colors, which have already been for- warded to headquarters, until we came to the outer edge of the field, where we remained firing at a new brigade of the enemy who were advancing through the open field. My ammunition by this time was running very low and we were compelled to empty the cartridge-boxes of our dead and wounded to gain a supply. Colonel Anderson then informed me he would try and get a regiment to come and relieve me, but before his return I was informed that the regiments on my left had fallen back, whilst the right had been gone for some time; and as my men were dropping very fast and their ammunition exhausted I was compelled very reluctantly to fall back or be cut to pieces by the new troops advancing agaiiist me. I withdrew my regiment and formed it in a gully to the rear of the corn-field, where I remained until I was ordered still farther to the rear, where I met General Meade, who directed me to form my regiment along a line of fence to the rear of Coopers and Simpsons batteries, where we received ammunition and remained the balance of the day without being again engaged. I have again to speak of the gallant and able supl)ort I had from all the officers of the regiment present, and also of the magnificent fighting of th~ few men I had, who rerna ~ed in the field without any urging until nearly half of them were killed and wounded, aud finally falling back in the coolest manner possible, ready and willing to go in again if necessary. I have also to mention the able services of Surgeon Phillips and his assistants and their care of our wounded, working night and day until all had been cared for before they thoughf of rest for themselves. Full lists of the casualties have already been forwarded.* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, & c., SAML. B. DiCK, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Lient. GEORGE II. BE US, Actinq Assistant Adjutant- General. [19.1 Report of Lient. Cot. Adoniram J. Warner, Tenth Pennsylvania Re- serves, of operations September 17. HAGERSTOWN, Mm, September 21, 18G2. Siu: I beg leave to submit the following brief statement relating to operations of tIme Tenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserves, on the morn- ing of the 17th up to the time 1 was wounded: it will be remembered by the general commanding the division that I was ordered to move with my regiment to our right and front to observe the movements of the enemy in that direction. When about half a mile out my scouts reported a brigade of the enemy moving rap. idly to our left, as if hastening to that l)art of the field where General Hookers corps was so hotly engaged. I sent a messenger to convey this fact to the general, and at the same time moved toward the front, where we came in reach of the brigade moving as reported. Conceal- ing, as well as the grbund would permit, my rcal force, I threw out skirmishers to annoy the enemy and, if possible, prevent him from * See Vol. XIX. Part I, P. 191 Page 152 152 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAT.. LXIJL proceeding farther, which for the time was accomplished. The rebels halted, formed front, and began a scattering fire. At this juncture a ball struck me in the right hip, inflicting a rather severe wound. Just then also a battery on our right opened upon ns. I directed that the regiment be moved a little to the left, under cover from the fire, when I was obliged to retire from the field, the command devolving upon Captain Smith. I have the h6nor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. J. WARNER, Lieutenant. Colonel Tenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. Captain [BAIRD], Assistant Adjutant- General, Mieades Division. [19.] 1i~eport of Capt. Jonathan P. Smith, Tenth Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations September 17. IIDQRS. 10TH REGT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. CORPS, Near Slzarpsburg, Md., October 7, 1862. I have the honor to report that about 8 a. m. of the 17th of Septem- ber, during the battle of Antietam, Lieutenant-Colonel Warner, corn- man4ing Tenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps, was wounded and left the field. Being senior officer present I assumed command of the regiment. Received no orders from Lieutenant-Colonel Warner. Found the enemy moving a battery supported by infantry into position about 400 or 500 yards to our right. Moved the regiment under cover, deployed skirmishers in front, and sent an officer to report to you, who returned shortly, reporting that he was unable to find you, but saw General Hooker and reported to him. Received no orders from him. Skirmishers soon engaged the enemy, picking off cannoneers, when a battery opened on them from our rear, the shell bursting among us,. Drew the regiment back to the woods from which we had started in the niorning. Found a part of the Seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps, under charge of Major Lymati, who formed in rear of us. Could find no general officer. Quite a number of strag- glers were coming back. Deployed regiment and tried to stop them. Saw General Sumner and, along with Major Lyman, reported who we were, what we had been and were doing. He ordered us to close up and move forward to the edge of the woods. We did so, the Seventh Regiment on the left. At the edge of the woods came under a heavy enfilading artillery fire. Several shots struck in the column, killing and wounding several in the Seventh Regiment. Found one of General Sumners regiments occupying the only cover. Fell back to their rear to support them, remaining some time, when, learning that the division had been taken a short distance to the rear and General Sumners men all moving back, I fell slowly back to division and reported to Lieutenant. Colonel Anderson, commanding brigade. Was joined in about three- quarters of an hour by Captain McDaniel, of the Tenth, who, being senior officer to me. took command. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. P. SMITH, Captain, Tenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. Lieutenant BEMUS, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Third Brigade, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps Page 153 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 153 Report of Lient. (lol. Samuel ill. Jackson, Eleventh Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations September 1417. IIDQRS. 11TH REm, PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VoL. CORPS, (lamp near Sharpsburg, Md., October 2, 1862. SIR: I have the honor herewith to report the part taken by the Eleventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps, in the bat- tles of South Mountain and Antietam, September 14, 16, and 17, 1862: On the afternoon of Sunday, September 14, my regiment was ordered by Colonel Gallagher, then commanding Third Brigade, to support a section of Captain Coopers battery, which had been placed in position to bear npon a battery of the enemy that had been shelling our brigade furiously as we approached the base of the mountain. We had been in position but a few minutes when I received orders to advance my regiment to the front in closed columns of division until we emerged from the corn-field, when we were to deploy in line of battle on the left of the Ninth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. I immediately complied with this order, and on reaching the open field moved my regiment forward in line of battle with the balance of the brigade. We were here exposed to a shower of shell from the enemys batteries, which, fortunately, took no effect on my command. I ordered my men to press forward rapidly to a ravine at the foot of the mountain, but on reaching this we received a deadly Volley from the enemys infantry, who were strongly posted in the rocks on the mountain side and but a short distance from our lines. This single volley brought down more than the half of my commissioned officers present, but the men continued to press forward with a seeming determination to win, and soou succeeded in forcing the enemy from their strong and well- selected position, when they continued to drive them steadily before them to the mountain top. I was here apprised of the shortness of our ammunition, and on reporting the same to Lieutenant Bemus, acting assistant adjutant-general, Third Brigade, I was told we would soon be relieved, when we could have our empty boxes replenished. Sooii after this General Duryeas brigade advanced and covered a portion of my front. Darkness having stopped the farther pursuit of the enemy for the night, I ordered a portion of my men to see to the carrying of our wounded, as up to this time they had been left untouched on the field. Our casualties in this days engagement were as follows: Killed, Capt. E. It. Brady, Lieut. W. F. Jackson, and 10 enlisted men; wounded, Col. Thomas F. Gallagher, Capt. Nat. Nesbitt (since dead), Capt. Everard Bierer, Lieut. and Quartermaster II. A. Torrence, Lieut. James S. Ken- nedy, and 25 enlisted men. On Tuesday evening, September 16, after having crossed Antietam Creek, my regiment, with the balance of the Third Brigade, was ordered to take a position in line of battle in a strip of woods and on the right of Captain Coopers battery, which we suc- ceeded in doing under a terrific shower of shell from the enemys bat- teries in our front and on our right, with the loss of one man wounded of my command. I was then ordered by Lieutenant-Colonel Anderson, commanding Third Brigade, to hold our position here at any cost, and to cover our entire front by a strong line of skirmishers, which later order I complied with by posting a line of skirmishers along the outer edge of the woods and near to the enemys lines. At early (lawn Wed- nesday, September 17, my regiment was ordered forward, with the bal- ance of the Third Brigade, to support a portioim of General Kings forces, which had advanced and drove the enemy through a corn-field in our front. We were ordered by Gemmeral Meade to halt our comman Page 154 154 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA.~ EXCEPT S. W.,. & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. at the edge of the corn-field, and to have our men lie down under shel- ter of the fence. We had been in position here but a short time when the forces of General King were forced to retire from the corn-field, being closely followed by heavy columns of the enemy, who advanced to within a few paces of our lines before we discovered them to be foes. The order was then given along our whole line to open fire upon them, which was done with signal effect, as the enemy after a few well-directed volleys from our lines retired iu confusion. We were then ordered to follow them through the corn, but had not advanced far when my com- mand was relieved by a portion of General Mansfields command, which had just arrived and took the advance. The casualties of my regiment in the battle of Antietam were as follows: Killed, 7 enlisted men; wounded, Capt. Daniel Kistler (since dead), Lient. Eli Waugaman, and 16 enlisted men. I deem it just before closing this report to make honorable mention of the coolness and bravery of the officers and men of my command throughout those series of engagements. I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant, S. M. JACKSON, Lient. Cot., Comdg. Eleventh Regt., Pa. Ji~eserve Volunteer (Jorps. Col. J. T. KIRK, Comdg. Third Brigade, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. [19.] Report of Capt. Andrew J. Bolar, Twelfth Pennsylvania Reserves, of operations September 1417. IIDQRS. TWELFTH REGT., PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE CORPS, Camp on the Potomac, October 2, 1862. SIR: In compliance with general orders I make the following report of the part the Twelfth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, took in the engagement of September 14, at South Mountain, Md., commanded by~Capt. Richard Gustin: The regiment arrived at the base of the mountain about 4 p. m. As soon as General Hooker had discovered the position of the enemy by shelling, the Third Brigade was ordered into line of battle iii view of the enemy, posted in hidden position on the moumi tam. Daring the time the line was being formed the regiment was exposed to shell and canister from a rebel battery on the hill, which fortunately did but little execution. At the command advance the Twelfth Regiment, on the left of the brigade, marched forward, crossed a small ravine and entered the mountain, under fire of the enemy, who could not be seen until we had come into close quarters. The regiment went on up the mountain without halting. The progress was slow on account of the steepness of the hill and the rocks, logs, and brush with which the ground was covered. The firing was incessant on both sides, the rebels yielding the ground only when routed out of their hidden positions by the balls and bayonets of our men. The musketry was constant from the base to the top of the mountaic. The regiment was somewhat broken when it arrived at the top of the mountain, in consequence of the roughness of the ground and the weariness of the men. The casualties in this engagement were 6 men killed, 1 officer (Lieut. Edward Kelly), and 18 men wounded. Antietam: Leaving our bivouac on the hill above Keedysville, Md., on the afternoon of the 16th, the Twelfth Regiment, nuder command of Capt. Richard Gustin, crossed the Antietam with the Third Brigade, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, marchimig toward the right of the genera Page 155 a CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN.. 155 battle line (occupied by General Hookers corps). We reached the wood near the enemys pickets~ where our regiment staid all night, occupying the extreme left of the brigade. Dut ing the night we threw out a full regimental front of picket guards, who maintained their posts until early dawn, when they were withdrawn. Iii the forepart of the night the enemy kept up a terrific shower of shot and shell, which fortunately (lid no injury to our regiment other than a few slight wounds from flying splinters and stones. On the morning of the 17th, about daylight, we were ordered to advance in close column by divis- ion obliquely to the right through the woods, when we changed (lirection to the left, coming into an open field and to the top of a hill, where we again deployed into line of battle in front of a corn-field occupied by the enemy. Here we replied to their fire, which began to take effect on our ranks, and advanced firing to a fence, behind which we took position, keeping up a constant musketry until an enfilading fire from one of our brigades on the left chused the enemy to waver. We then crossed the fence, advanced to the top of the hill in full view of the enemy under a terrible fire, which killed and wounded nearly one-half the command, a position which our men gallantly held until ordered to fall back. Being relieved at the foot of the hill, we marched back and to a position in the rear designated by General Meade, where the division was reassembled. Our loss in this action was 13 men killed, 1 officer (Lient. Samuel J. Cloyd) and 47 men wounded, 3 of them mortally. The color-bearer, D. H. Graham, Company E, was killed, and the guard all wounded, one of whom, after he was wounded in two places, dragged the torn flag from the field. Too much praise cannot be given to both officers and men for their gallant conduct in these engagements. They fairly won their portion of the field. Very respectfully submitted. A. J. BOLAR, Captain, Conidg. Twelfth Regt., Pennsylvania Reserve Vol. Corps. Lieut. GEORGE H. BENUS, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gum., Third Brig., Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. [19.] Reports of Capt. Dennis ]ifc Gee, First Pennsylvania Rifles (Thirteenth Reserves), of operations September 1417. HDQRS. 1ST RIFLES, PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. CORPS, September 22, 1862. COLONEL: I have the honor to report that the First Rifles went into action on the 14th instant with about 275 men and 13 officers, under the command of Col. Hugh W. McNeil. Six companies were deployed as skirmishers and the remaining four held as supports. We advanced but a short distance up the mountain before the enemys skirmishers were discovered, when a brisk fire was encountered. The order was immediately given to advance at a double-quick, which order was promptly obeyed, driving the enemy before us, until we came upon his mnain body placed in a most advantageous position for offering a strong resistance to our farther advance. Our men now engaged the enemy with great spirit. At this moment our re-enforcements appeared, caus- ing the enemy to waver and gradually retire up the mountain. The order to charge was now passed along the line, and we rapidly pushed forward, causing him finally to give way and beat a precipitate retreat down the western slope of the mountain, leaving us in possession of the field and position. Owing to the death of Colonel McNeil I a Page 156 156 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., E~CEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. unable to give a more detailed account of the action of this day. Our loss during this engagement was 16 killed and 35 wounded; of the lat- ter 6 are known to have since died. Among those who particularly distinguished themselves for gallantry on this occasion I have to men- tion the following: Capt. Edward A. Irvin (severely wounded), Capt. A. E. Kiles, Adjt. William III. llartshorne, Lients. James M. Welch, Lucius Truman, S. A. Mack, jr. (wounded), N. B. Kinsey, David U. MeNaugh- ton, and Sergt. Maj. Roger Sherman. I feel great reluctance in sin- gling ont individuals, as the officers and men on this occasion behaved most gallantly. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, DENMS McGEE, Col. li. BIDDLE ROBERTS, Captain, Commanding First Rifles. [19.] Commanding First Brigade. IIDQRS. 1ST RIFLES, PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. Coups, September 22, 1862. COLONEL: I have to report that the First Rifles, under the com- mand ot Col. Hugh W. McNeil, was, about 4 p. in. of the 16th instant, ordered by General Seymour to deploy as skirmishers and ascertain the enemys position. Fonr companies were immediately deployed, the remaining six, nnder command of Lieutenant Welch, held iii reserve. The whole advance moved forward steadily but cautiously for about three-quarters of a mile, when the enemys pickets were discovered extending in a line across a plowed field in front of a large strip of woods, in whi cli a large body were masked. They at once opened upon us a raking fire from the infantry, which was replied to, the reserve of our regiment being at once called to the support of our skirmishers. No sooner had we formed a line of battle than we were opened upon by twp batteries, one upon our right, with grape and canister, the other on our ~left,throwing shell. After remaining in this position some fif- teen minutes Colonel McNeil gave the order to charge and drive the enemy from the woods. Gallantly placing himself in the advance, he led the command to within a few paces of the woods when he fell, pierced to the heart by a rifle-ball. Still we did not pause, but drove the enemy from the woods and maintained the position during the night, re-enforceinents having come to our assistance. As soon as day- light appeared on the following morning (the 17th instant) the enemy again opened upon us. We remained in our position until our ammuni- tion was exl)ended, when, relieved by another regiment, we were ordered to fall back to supply ourselves afresh with ammunition. About 112 oclock we were again ordered to the front, but were not brought into action. Our loss during this battle was 6 killed, among whom was Colonel IVieNeil and Lient. William Allison; 23 wounded, including 2 officers, Lieutenants Welch and Bell. We also lost in missing 10 men, of whom nothing has since been learned. I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of the officers and men on this occasion, and feel unwill- ing to make a (listinction. I have the hoiior to be, colonel, your obedient servant, DENNIS McGEE, Col. 11. BIDDLE ROBERTS, Captain, Commanding First Rifles. Commanding First Brigade. [19. Page 157 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 157 Reports of Cot. Peter H. Allabach, One hundred and thirty-ftrst Pennsyl- vania Infantry, commanding brigade, of operations September 1718. APRIL 4, 1863. GENERAL: I have examined all the commanding officers, and they all agree that the command was available at 10 oclock. As regards the number of men of each regiment absent, the One hundred and thirty- third had 800 present at the first formation, and at the second forma- tiomi 900; One hundred and twenty-third had 850 to 875; One hundred and thirty-first had 850; One hundred and fifty-fifth had 725. The officers in command all agree that we were at Boousborough at sun- rise, and that we were on the ground that Morell occupied at 10 oclock. I read them the report of General McClellan and they all said at once that it was a scandal on time troops. I am, general, truly, yours, P. II. ALLABACH, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. P. S.I have ordered all of the officers to report to you in fifteen minutes. P. H. A. [Brig. Gen. A. A. IIuMPHREYS.] [19.] IIDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, THIRD DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, Camp Ilumphreys, Va., April 4, 1863. GENERAL: My attention having been drawn to General McClellans report of the battle of Antietam, and particularly to that portion of it which refers to your division,* and having had the honor to command the Second Brigade at that time, I felt it my duty to ask the regimental comnianders to make a written statement as to the time my command passed through Boonsborough, and the halts from there to the battle. field,the time they arrived on the field, the time at which I formed them in line of battle by your orders, and the strength of each regiment at that time. I have the honor to send herewith the reports of the different regi- mental commanders. They all agree as to the time of our arrival on the battle-field, and I am willing to be qualified that my brigade was available at 10 a. in. of the 18th of September, 1862. I respectfully refer you to the reports of the regimental commanders for the number of men present at the time I formed line of battle, 10 a. m. of the 18th. It will be observed that I had at that hour 3,125 men, and consequently the number of stragglers must have been com- paratively small, although the men had been marched all the previous night and part of the day preceding. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. II. ALLABACH, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Brig. Gen. A. A. HUMPIrREYS, Commanding Third Division, Fifth Corps. * See Vol. XIX, Part I, p. 32 Page 158 158 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. [Inclosure No. 1.] HEADQUARTERS 123D PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, Camp Ilumphreys, Tea., April 4, 18G3. Col. P. II. ALLAEACH, Commanding Second Brigade: COLONEL: At your request I make the following statement on honor in regard to a part of our luareli from Washington, 1). C., to Sharps- burg, Md.: On the 17th of September we left Monocacy Junction about 3-p. m. We arrived at Boousborough on the morning of the 18th between day- light and sunrise. At this place we halted about thirty minutes, then we marched, I should think, from one mile to one mile and a quarter, where we again halted, from three-quarters of an hour to an hour, by the edge of a piece of woodland. Then we were marched forward near the vicinity, I think, of Keedysyille, where the Second Brigade was formed in battle line by battaliou in the following order: One hundred and thirty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, first; One hundred and twenty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, second; One hundred and thirty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, third, and One hundred and fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, fourth. At this place they were thus formed between ~he hours of 9 a. in. and 10 a. rn. At this precise time I have no means of determining the exact number of men present when the above line was formed. There were certainly not short of 850 enlisted mcii present. Such was my impression at the time. I remelnber distinctly that my battalion line was quite long. September 19, our consolidated morning report shows that 899 enlisted men were present and 36 commissioned officers. Very truly, your obedient servant, JOHN B. CLARK, Colonel, Commanding. [Inclosure No. 2.] HDQRS. 131ST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS Camp Humphreys, Va., April 4, 1863. Col. P. II. ALLABACH, Commanding Brigade: SIR: In answer to inquiry of this date, about what time my com- mand passed through Boonsborough, Md., September 18, 1862, would report its arrival there at 7 a. in. The column was halted at the edge of the town before passing through about one hour. Also while pass- ing through Boonsborough our march was constantly impeded by the passing of artillery, baggage wagons, & c. A halt of half aim hour was made in the town. The column was next halted at the edge of the woods about aim hour. We then marched on the hill and formed line of battle on the left of the road. It being now about 10 a. in., remained here about half an hour and were then marched to the right of the road and formed line of battle under the crest of the hill in rear of the artillery. Taking the morning report of September 17, I should say I had not more than 650 men in line at the last formation. Respectfully submitted. WM. B. SHAUT, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment Page 159 CHAP. LXIII.] TH1~ MARYLANP CAMPAIGN. [Inclosure No. 3.] HEADQUARTERS 133~ PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERS, Camp flumphreys, Va., April 4, 18G3. Col. P. H. ALLABACH, Commanding Second Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Corps: COLONEL: II have the honor to submit the following report in refer- ence to the march to and arrival of my command at the battle-field of Antietam on the morning of the 18th of September, 1862: We left Monocacy Junction on the afternoon of the 17th of Septem- ber, 1862, about 4 oclock, and marched all night, passing through Boonshorough about 7 oclock on the morning of the 18th, and halted in the woods between Boonsborongh and Keedysville, where we remained about half or three-quarters of an hour. Then marched through Keedysville, arrived on the battle-field of Antietam, and formed line of battle at 10 a. m. of September 18 on left of road and on top of hill. We remained here half an hour, when we advanced about half a mile, when we again formed line at the base of a small hill or bluff and in rear of a battery that occupied the top of the bluff. This point was reached about 11 a. in. September 18. Had at that time nine companies present, numbering about 775 effective men. The tenth company (B) was detailed at Monocacy as division rear guard. That company came up and rejoined the regiment about 7 oclock on the morning of the 19th, it having remained with the divis- ion train during the night of 18th instant near Keedysville. ii am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, F. B. SPEAKMAN, Colonel 133d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. [Inclosure No. 4.] HEADQUARTERS 155TH PENNSYLVANIA, April 4, 1863. Col. P. II. ALLABACH, Commanding Second Brigade: COLONEL: I have the nonor to report that this command left Monoc- acy Junction about 4.30 oclock on the evening of the 17th of September, 1862, marched all night and passed through Boonsborough about 7.30 a. m. on the 18th, and halted near woods between Boonsborough and Keedysville, and rested about half an hour. Arrived on battle-field and formed line of battle about 10 oclock ~n the morning of the 18th of September. This was on the left of the road on top of bill. Re- mained there about half an hour, then crossed over to the right of the road, moving about half a mile from former position, when we formed in line again at the base of a slight eminence and iu rear of a battery. At the time of our first formation this regiment numbered about 840 men. Yery respectfully, - A. L. PEARSON, Jiliajor, Commanding 155th Pennsylvania T~olnnteers. ~19.] Report of Col. Edgar Il/f. Gregory, Ninety-first Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding brigade, of operations September 18. HDQRS. FIRST BRIO-ADE, THIRD DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, April 4, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor herewith to transmit to the general com- manding division the statements of Colonel OBriemm, One hundre Page 160 160 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. and thirty-fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Major Anthony, One hundred and twenty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volanteers, and my own, relative to the inquiries of this date. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. M. GREGORY, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. CARSWELL MCCLELLAN, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Inclosure No. 1.] IIDQRS. 134TH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, April 4, 18G3. Col. E. M. GREGORY, Commanding First Brigade: COLONEL: In compliance with your request, I have the honor to report as follows: The One hundred and thirty-fourth Regiment went into position ou the left of the road between 9 and 9.30 a. m. with 650 men. On moving abont an hour afterward to the position formerly occupied by Morell, some 400 yards in advance, my regiment numbered 760 officers and men. Yours, respectfully, ED. OBRIEN, Colonel, Commanding. [Inclosure No. 2.] IIDQIIS. 129TH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, April 4, 1863. Col. E. M. GREGORY, Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers: SIR: I have the honor to report that on the morning of the 18th of September, 1862, the One hundred amid twenty-ninth Regiment Penn- sylvania Volunteers had in line 758 men when we formed line to the left of the road before we were formed fbr the support of the batteries on the hill (previously supported by General Morell) between the hours of 9 and 10 a. m. on the morning of the 18th of September, 1862. When we moved forward to the support of said batteries we had at least the above-mentioned number of men in line. Respectfully, yours, JOS. ANTHONY, ]Ffajor, Commanding 129th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. [Inclosure No. 3.] FJDQRS. FIRST BRIGADE THIP FIFTII ~D DIVISION, CORPS April 4, 1863. Brig. Gen. A. A. HUMPHREYS: GENERAL: I have the honor to mnake the following statement in reply to your inquiries: The loss of our regimental books at Snickers Gap, wherein we mioticed all movements, prevents me from making it strictly correct but from my own recollection and that of officers I would mny state that we arrived into position on the left of the road at Antietam about 9 a. m. on the 18th of September, 1862; we numbered about 500 men on our arrival. The nnmber present was the same when about an hour afterward we moved into the position formerly occupied by Morells division on the right of the road under the hill. I am positive that w Page 161 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 161 arrived in position with our entire command, less nine men, for it was a subject of remark at the time, when the result of the roll-call was announced. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. M. (IREGOIRY, Colonel, Corn manding. [19.] Report of Lient. Col. D. Watson Rowe, One hundred and twenty-sixth Pennsylvania lnfintry, of operations September 18. IIDQRS. 126TH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, Camp near Falmouth, Pa., April 11, 1863. GENERAL: In compliance with your request of yesterday evening, I have the honor to state that when the One hundred and twenty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers arrived at the battle-field of Antie- tam and occupied the position vacated by the troops of General Morell, about 11 a. m. of the 18th of September, the number of men present was 730. I form this estimate of the strength of the regiment at that time from my recollection of conversations with Colonel Elder, who then commanded the regiment. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. WATSON ROWE, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding 126th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Brig. Gen. A. A. HUMPIIREYS, Commanding Third Division, Fifth Army Corps. [19.] Report of Col. ifenry L. Benning, Seventeenth Georgia Infantry, com- manding Toombs brigade, of operations September 1517. HEADQUARTERS TOOMES BRIGADE, Camp near Winchester, October 13, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit to you the following report of the part taken in the battle of Sharpsburg on the 17th ultimo by Toombsbrigade, the command of which devolved on me by his being iii command of the division: On the morning of the 15th I was ordered by General Toombs to place the brigade acro~s the road leading from Sharpsburg to Rohrers- yule at the Stone Bridge over Antietam Creek and to defend the bridge. Hardly had I received this order and commenced to execute it when I received another order from him to detach two regiments of the brigade and se~d them toward Williamsport in pursuit of the enemys cavalry, which the night before had escaped from Harpers Ferry and gone toward Wilhiamsport to the I)elil of our wagon train, proceeding to that place from Hagerstown. Accordingly, I detached the Fifteenth and Seventeeneth Georgia and sent them off under Colonel Millican on this duty. This left me for the defense of the bridge only two small regiments, the Second Georgia, under Lieutenant-Colonel Holmes, and the Twentieth Georgia, under Col. John B. Cumming. With these two regiments I proceeded to the bridge and there put them in position as ordered. For a long distance below the bridge, and for some distance above it, the ground rose very steeply from the 11 R RYOL LI, PT Page 162 162 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. creek for fifty or sixty yards. The face of this slope was clothed with rather thinly scattered trees, and in one place on the left it had a sort of pit large enough to hold twenty or thirty men. Behind the trees at the top of the steep slope ran a rail fence. Along the face of this slope among the trees, in a rather irregular line, to snit the ground, I placed the two regiments, the Second on the right and the Twentieth on the left, with the line of the Twentieth extending forty or fifty yards above the bridge. Thns the greater part of the general line was placed below the bridge. This disposition was adopted because the road to the bridge on the other side of the creek ran from below np the bank of the creek iear the water for 100 or 200 yards. The rails were taken from the fence and built up against such trees as were in suitable situations, and where there were no such trees the rails were laid in simple piles. These rude barricades, few and far between, afforded to men lying behind them tolerable shelter against small-arms. Such was the protection on which the regiments had to rely. The creek was fordable everywhere above and below the bridge; in most places was not more than knee-deep. The hill.side occupied by the regiments was on its left commanded by a sharp ridge about 200 yards beyond the creek, arid throughout by good positions for cannomi at the distance of from 500 to 600 yards beyond the creek. Pickets and skirmishers were 80011 thrown across the creek several hundred yards to the front. The (lay passed off with perhaps an occasional shot from these~ and so I)assed the next day, except that the skirmishing was heavier and that a number of well-directed shells were thrown across the creek from Captain Eabanks battery at small parties of the enemy as they showed themselves and at spots in which it was supposed the enemy lay concealed. The next morning early (that of tue 17th) the skirmishing was renewed. It contiiiued, constantly growing heavier on the part of the enemy, till about 9 oclock, when our skirmishers were driven in. At aborit 8 oclock Captain Eubank discovered a large body of the enemy opposite to him in a wood within range of his guns. He opened fire on them and drove them in confusion from the wood, and with loss, to judge fi-om the movement of their ambulances. Not hong after his bat- tery had linishmed this work it was ordered away. Thus the two regi- memmts were left at the bridge without army artillery supports whatever. The general line of battle of our army was nearly, if not quite, three- quarters of a mile in their rear, and not a soldier was between them and that line. The intervening ground for a great part of the way was a long slope facing the enemnys batteries, and thus commanded by those batteries, so that re-enforcements, if they had beemi sent, would have been cmit up by shells before they could have reached their destination. A regiment had been posted on the right further down the creek, but this soomm after the battle commenced abandommed its post and went to the rear. Thus the two regimnents were also without infantry supports, and without the expectation of receiving aimy re-emiforcements. The two together numbered not more than 350 men and officers, the Second having only 97, and the Twentieth not more than 250. In their front was Burnsides whole corps of not fewer than 12,000 or 15,000 of the emmemys best men, with a miumerous artillery. In this forlorn condition were time two regiments at about 9 oclock, when the fight opened in earnest. At this time the enemys infantry, aided by the fire of many pieces of artillery, advanced in heavy force to the attack; and soon the attack opened on our whole line as far up as the bridge. It was bold and persevering. The enemy came to the creek. The fire not onl Page 163 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 163 from their infantry, but from the artillery, was incessant, the artillery being so placed that it could fire over the heads of the infantry. It was met by a rapid, well.directed, and unflinching fire from oar men, under which the enemy, after a vain struggle, broke and fell back. This attack was succeeded by two similar ones from apparently fresh bodies of troops, and with like results, the last of the two extending above the bridge to the upper part of our line. At length, toward 12 oclock, the enemy made preparations for a still more formidable attack. A battery was placed in position from which it cOul(l command at almost an enfilade the whole face of the hill occupied by our troops. Soon it opened fire, and the infantry, in much heavier force than at any time before, extending far above as well as below the bridge, again advanced to the attack. The combined fire of infantry and artillery was terrific. It was, however, withstood by our men until their ammu- nition was quite exhausted, and until the enemy had got npon the bridge and were above and below it fording the creek. I then gave the order to fall back. Colonel Cumming, with two companies which had a few rounds of ammunition left, remained near the bridge as a little rear guard, and was, with these, the last to leave the ground. When he left it the enemy had crossed above and below him, ali(l were coming up on both his flanks. They indeed cut off a few of his men by getting to his rear. The men of both regiments, though retreating different ways, were exposed for a bug distance to the shells of the enemy. Under an order received from General Toombs they retired to a position near the right of the general line of battle. Thus at near 1 oclock we were driven from the bridge, but we had held it long enough to enable the advance troops of General A. P. Hill to reach their positioii in the line of battle; and this, I suppose, was attaining the great object of defending a place so far in front of that linea place so untenable as was the bridge. The Second IRegiment lost in killed and wounded forty.two, nearly half of its number. Among its killed was Lieutenant-Colonel Holmes, a gopd officer, and as gallant a man, I think, as my eyes ever beheld. The loss of the Twentieth in killed, wounded, and missing was sixty- eight, more than a fourth of its number. No words of mine in praise of officers and men are needed. The simple story is eulogy enough. I must, however, bear witness to one fact: During that long aiid terri- ble fire not a man, except a wounded one, fell out an(l went to the rearnot a man. The loss of the enemy was heavy. Near the bridge they lay in heaps. Their own estimate, as a paroled sergeaiit of ours taken at the bridge told me, was at from 500 to 1,000 men killed. He also told me that they informed him that at about 12 oclock an order came from General McClellan to take the bridge, cost what it might, and that then the whole corps advanced to the attack, and Colonel Cumming counted seven flags near the bridge. Shortly before the fight at the bridge terminated the Fifteenth aiid Seventeenth by forced marches had returned from Williamsport by way of Shepherdstown, and when that fight terminated they were in line of battle on the right and 400 or 500 yards in advance of the general line of battle, which was along the summit of the ascent from Antietamn Creek. This posi- tion they, together with about half of the Eleventh Georgia, under Major Little, had been placed in by General Tooiubs, who ordered me, when I returned from the bridge, to take command of the whole. I did so. All remained in this position until, I think, near 4 oclock. The enemy, except a few skirmishers, were too far off to be fired upon. These skirmishers were driven back by ours, and themselves got ou Page 164 164 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL of range. Shortly after I was put in command by General Toombs, he informed me that we would be relieved by General Greggs brigade, and that then I must carry the men, much exhausted by their late long and rapid march to the right of the general line for rest. At about 4 oclock General Gregg brought his brigade down and took our place, and we commenced marching to the positiou assigned us. Before, however, we got half way there, an order was sent to me to hasten the march and carry the command some distance to the left of that position along the road running into Slmarpsburg until we came opposite to the enemy advancing from the bridge. This point was distant, I suppose, half a mile. Again and again was this order repeated, the last time with the start- ling addition that the enemy had broken our line and were nearly up to the road with not a soldier of ours in their front. The pace was acceler- ated to a double-quick, which in a short time carried the head of the line beyond the corn-field and in sight of the enemy. A brigade of them was standing composedly in line of battle not 200 yards from the road, apparently waiting for the nearer approach of supports, aud neither in their front nor far to their right (our left) was a man of ours to be seen, but three abandoned pieces of ours were conspicuous objects about mid- way betweeu the road and the enemys line. Major Little, with his bat- talion, was in advance. The Seventeenth, under Captain McGregor, was next, the Fifteenth, under Colonel Millican, was next, and a large part of the Twentieth, nn der Colonel Cumining, again ready for action, notwithstanding the severe work of the morning, brought up the rear. All, however, made bat a short line. I carried the head of the line oppo- site to the right of the enemy, and ordered it to commence firing on the enemy without waiting for the rest of time line to come up. It did so with promptness and spirit. The rest of the line as it came up joined in the fire. The fire soon became general. It was hot and rapid. The eimemy returned it with vigor, and showed a determination to hold their position stubbornly. In about ten or fifteen minutes a cannon or two opened oim them, and their line, which had already showmi signs of way- ermng, broke and fled down the hill and was soon out of sight, concealed by the crest of the hill. General Toombs ordered pursuit, and our whole line rapidly advanced after them. We could not see what was below the crest of the hill, but I knew a very large force of the enemy must be somewhere below it, for I had from our late position seen three or four successive long lines of them march out from time bridge. T therefore suggested to General Toombs the propriety of halting the line, as its numbers were so small and it had no supports behind it, just before it reached time crest of the hill, and sending to that crest only the men armed with long-range guns. This suggestion he adopted, and the men armed with those guns quickly advanced to the crest aimd opened on the retreating enemy. Their other forces under the hill soon commenced f~lhing back also. After getting near the creek, however, a large portion of them halted and formed behind a femice. On discov- ering this General Toombs ordered down thp greater part of the com- mand to dislodge them, S00~ following himself. After a very hot fight, iii which Colonel Mihlican fell mortally woumided, he succeeded in his ohz~ject. But it is for him to relate what took place there, as 1 remnaimmed behind with the small reserve. Our loss in this part of the battle *as in numbers light, considering the large force of the enemy and the short distance of the fire. Their loss was very heavy. The conduct of both officers and men wasp as far as I could observe it, as good as it could be Page 165 THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 165 To mention some names without mentioning all would therefore be unjust. The service they rendered, to say nothing of the saving of the three abandoned guns, was, I think, hardly to be overestimated. If General Burusides corps had once got through the long gap in our line it would soon have been in the rear of our whole army, and that any- body can see would have been disastrous. I am, captain, your obedient servant, HENRY L. I3ENNING, Colonel, Commanding Toornbs Brigade. Capt. D. M. Du BosE, Assistant Adjutant- General. [19.1 Report of Capt. Abner 1111cC. Lewis, Second Georgia Infantry, of opera- tions September 1517. HEADQUARTERS SECOND GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS, September 23, 1862. Sin: Pursuant to orders we inclose you a list of casualties, also report of the engagement of this regiment on the 16th [17th] instant: On the morning of the 14th [15th] we were ordered to take position on the banks of the Antietam River, to the right of the bridge. The Twentieth Georgia was on our left and directly in front and to the left of the bridge. We remained in this position, after having deployed the regiment behind trees and barricades made of fence rails, until the morning of the 16th [17th] when our pickets were (Iriven in. The enemy commenced an attack upon the center of the regiment at 9 oclock then immediately afterward upon the left, with how many regiments we are unable to ascertain. They were repulsed several times, but their re-enforcenients continually came pouring in; and besi~des, all the while a battery completely enfilading our lines was playing upon us. We held the position until our last round of ammu- nitiouwas exhausted. At this time Lient. Col. William R. Holmes, coin- manding, was killed, the command falling upon Maj. W. T. harris. He, seeing the condition of affairs, ordered the regiment to retire by the left flank, which was done in good order. The regiment was con- ducted by the major back to the reserve, where it remained until next morning. Below you will find list of casualties.* Respectfully, A. MoC. LEWIS, Captain Company B, Commanding Second Georgia ITolunteers~ Col. H. L. BENNING, Commanding. Our regiment went into the engagement with eighteen officers and eighty-nine men. The number of the enemy could not have been less than 7,000. From what we saw, the loss of the enemy was supposed to be 300 or 400. [19.] * Nominal list (omitted) sliows 2 officers and 4 men killed, 2 officers and 26 men wounded, and 2 officers and 6 men captured Page 166 16~3 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXHL Rcjwrt of Gapt. Thomas H. Jackson, Fifteenth Ueorgia Infantry, of operations September 17. CAMP NEAR MARTINSPUEG, VA., September 23, 1862. I have the honor of reportiiu~ through you to Col. H. L. Benning, commandiii g General Toombs brigade, the following report of a battle fought near Sharpsburg, Md., on the 17th instant: On the morning of the date above mentioned the regiment crossed the Potomac from Shepherdstown and marched toward the scene of bat- tle; was ordered in position on the right wing oii a road leading I know not where; remained but a short time, when orders came to move for- ward toward a bridge leading across the Antietam 1{iver. Before reach- ing there were ordered to halt by Genci-al Toombs in person, to remain n a corn-field, after which we were ordered to about-face, and march by the right hank by file left into a clover field, where we were ordered to lie down. In the meantime skirmishers were ordered forward, who engaged the enemys skirmishers with great gallantry; also a company of the regiment was ordered to the right of our position as skirmishers to prevelit a hank movement from the enemy. The regiment, then coin- posed of eight companies, lay inactive until about 4 oclock in the after- noon, when we were relieved by General Hills division. We itumedi- ately were ordered by Colonel Benning to draw in our skirmishers in front and move, which we did, on the road we first occupied. We marched but a short distance up the road when the enemy advanced on a battery, which when we reached had been deserted by our trool)5. We checked them, crossed the fence at the road, ai~d charged the enemy a distance of half a mile, until we reached a rock fence, where we halted and continued firing until dark, at which point the colonel command- ing was killed, and I, second in command, was, after dark, ordered by General Toombs in person to move the regiment and occupy a different position. Not knowing of the orders that were issued during the day, and unable to give a more perfect account of the movements ordered, of all I could see the officers and men behaved gallantly, and obeyed every order issued to them with promptness. The company sent out as skir- mishers on the right of our position reported back the next morning, they not being relieved until the regiment was moved from where they left it, which prevented them from finding the regiment sooner. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. H. JACKSON, Lieutenant ~oTT, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Acting A ssistant Adjutant- General. LIndor~iements.] FIFTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT, Sharpsbnrg. CAPTAIN: State the number of officers and men you carried into action as well as you can. H. L. B. One hundred and twelve men and thirteen officers. [19. Page 167 CHAP. LXIII.1 THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 167 Report of Capt. John A. MicOregor, Seventeenth Georgia Infantry, of operations September 17. CAMP NEAR MARTINSBURG, VA., September 23, 1862. I)EAR SIR: I beg to submit to you the following report of my com- mand, Seventeenth Georgia Volunteers, during the engagement near Sharpsburg, Md., on the Antietain, September 17, 1862: My command, together with Fifteenth Georgia an(l five companies of the Eleventh Georgia Regimeimt, were posted as support to the Twentieth and Second Georgia Regiments, who were engaged at the Stone Bridge, and who distinguished themselves in the extreme in driving the enemy away, who attacked them with vastly superior numbers of infantry; also had batteries, which commanded the bridge. Still the gallant Twentieth and Second held the position until all their ammunition was exhausted. They then fell back. About this time we were relieved by a portion of General A. P. Hills division, as I thought to go to the sup- port of our own division and to rest a little, for we were worn almost down by fatiguing marches, but in the meantime the enemy were advancing on the left of the positiomi which we had been holding. After time posi- tion was taken by those who relieved us we proceeded to go to time position where we were ordered, and while on the march toward the left we were notified that the enemy were advancing in strong force, and that our forces which were posted in their front had, after a very short resistance, given way and left omme of our batteries exposed to the mercy of the enemy. Of coarse the gunners were then compelled to leave, and their condition was such that two or three pieces were left on the field. I received aim order to bring my command up in double-quick time and engage the enemy, which I promptly obeyed. Never could men have ~cted more gallantly than those nnder my comumand, save a few, which I shall hereafter mention. When I reached the field I found the enemys long lines in position in grand style. I took position and ordered my men to open fire upon them, at the same time to be cool and aim well, which they did. After a short but desperate struggle the enemy gave way, and we went forward. The battery was then safe. We engaged the enemy about 4 p. in., and it lasted until dark. We drove the enemy about three-quarters of a mile, and should have still pnrsned but for the prudence of yourself and General R. Toombs, who had discovered that the enemy had batteries on our left and were only waiting for our approach. I must here timank Capt. H. L. French, acting lieutenant-colonel, and Lient. W. iVI. Middlebrook, acting adjutant, for their aid to inc imm keep- ing the men in position and in emicouraging them during the engage- ment. Lient. J. B. Pickett acted very gallantly in encouraging his men. I must mention also that those men of Coumpany A who went in acted gallantly, as they remained withont a commander, Lienfemiant Fentrall receiving a wound at the commencement of the fight. I must further mention the privates and non-commissioned officers who came under my immedite notice, and who deserve praise for their daring amid coolness, viz: J. H. Howell, private Company B; C. C. Fickling, J. McCullough, amid W. J. Skinner, privates of Company C; Sergt. J. C. Haire and Corpl. C. H. Perry, Company D; G. W. Hall, private Company F; Daniel Duffy, of Company G; J. N. Hutchinson, Company H. In fact, it is hard to make any distinction, as all acted gallantly. I will here mention those spoken of above as reported to me by com- pany commanders, viz: H. W. King, J. L. Darby, It. A. Bell, McFarland Page 168 168 MD., E N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL and G. L. Matthews, privates of Company A, fell out and were not seen on the battle-field. B. Beeman, private Company B, failed to stand to the colors. John Key, private, Company C, fell out without permission in the face of the enemy. W. Emanuel and J. MeNair, privates Com- pany D, not in the battleabsent withont leave. A. H. Howell, private of Company F, detailed to bring water, not heard from since. McDonald and Cohen, privates Company F, fell out while going to the field and did not report antil next day. H. Jacksou and P. Head, privates Com- pany G, failed to stand to the colors. Sergt. P. P. Truett, Corpl. J. W. Cline, and C. Chase, private Company H, P~ll out on the way to the field without permission. E. MeLeod and W. J. Wimberly, privates Company K, detailed to bring water, and did not return until after the fight. JNO. A. McGREGOR, Captain, Commanding Seventeenth Regiment Georgia Volunteers. Col. H. L. BENNING, Commanding First Brigade, First Division. [19.] Report qf Cot. John B. Cumming, Twentieth Georgia Infantry, of oper ations September 1517. HDQRS. TWENTIETH REGIMENT GEORGIA YOLU~TEERS, September 23, 18G2. SIR: I have the honor to respectfully report the part taken by Twen- tieth Regiment Georgia Volunteers in the engagement of the 17th instant: On the 15th instant I was stationed at a post as picket guard, which post was the scene of actioii on the 17th, so far as my regiment was concerned. On the evening of the 16th instant, the enemy appear- ing in force, I sent out a body of skirmishers, who were driven back. Early the next morning the enemy showed in great forceat least three brfgades, supported by artillery, among which were some mouiitain howitzers. They poured a heavy fire upon us, which continued almost uninterruptedly for nearly five hours. My regiment, about 200 strong, maintained its position, inflicting a heavy loss to the enemy, killing and wounding, according to statements of some members of my com- mand who were taken prisoners, nearly 1,000. The fire of the enemy continued in undiminished force, and as all the ammunition available on the ground from the boxes of the dead and wounded men had been expended, and being enfiladed by a battery which the enemy had plaiited oii our left, I deemed it proper to withdraw n~y command. This order was not given until the advancing enemy were within six or seven yards of my line. A portion of the regiment under my iinme- diate command returned to the engagement during the afternoon and fought on the right of the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Georgia Ilegi- ments until after dark. When men acted as my command did, I cannot mention the names of any who particularly distinguished themselves, as every one did his whole duty. Accompanying this is my list of casualties, showing: Killed, 4; wounded, 47; missing, 17; total, 68. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. B. CIIJMMING, Colonel, Commanding Twentieth Regiment Georgia VQluntecrs. JOHN R. MOTT, Acting Assi8tant Ad~jutant. Genera4 [19. Page 169 CHAP. LXIII.] THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 169 Report of Got. Montgomery D. Gorse, Seventeenth Virginia Infantry, of operations September 114.* IIDQRS. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT VIRGINIA INFANTRY, Camp near Winchester, October 13, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report the part taken by this regiment in the battle of 14th of September on the mountain near Boonsbor- ongh. Md.: By your order my regiment was placed in line of battle about 4 p. in. in a field to the right of the road leading to the summit of the mountain and to the left of Cramptons Gap. In the act of taking their position the regiment was subjected to a very fierce shelling from a battery of the enemy about 600 or 800 yards on our right, which enfiladed our line. Fortunately, however, we suffered very little loss from this, having but two men slightly wounded. I moved the regiment forward about 100 yards by your order toward a wood in our front, and ordered Lieuten- ant Lehew with his company to deploy forward as skirmishers into the woods and to engage the enemy, who were supposed to be there. Very soon I heard shots from our skirmishers. Your aide, Captain Beckham, at this time delivered me an order to move my regiment by the left flank and to connect my line with the Eleventh, occupying a corn-field, which order was obeyed. We remained in this position a few moments, when Colonel Stuarts regiment (Fifty-sixth), of Picketts brigade, joined my right. Immediately the brigade on our right became hotly engaged. We reserved our fire, no enemy appearing on our front. After the fire had continued about fifteen minutes Colonel Stuart reported to me that the troops on his right had fallen back. I also observed that they had abandoned the left of the Eleventh. I communicated my intention to Colonel Stuart and to Major Clement, of the Eleventh, to fall back about ten or fifteen steps behind a fence, which was simultaneously done by the three regiments in good order. We held this position until long after dark under a severe fire of musketry obliquely on our right flank and in front until nearly every cartridge was exhausted. Shortly after the e2nemy had ceased firing, about 7.30 p. in., I received your order to withdraw my regiment, which was done in good order and halted to rest on the Boonsborough and Fredericktown road with the other regiments of your brigade. In this emigagement I was particularly struck with the determined courage of officers and men. They held theTh ground manfully against largely superior numbers, as far as I could judge from the heavy fire of the enemy upon our right and front. Those who deserve particular mention for distinguished gallantry and activity were Capt. J. T. Burke, of Company D; Lieut. Thomas Perry, of Company A; Lieut. S. S. Turner, of Company B, and Lieutenants Athey and Littleton, of Company C. Color Corpi. J. Murphy, of Com- pany C, and Color Corpl. W. M. Harper, of Company E, won my highest admiration for their cool bravery. Respectfully submitted with a list of casualties.t M. 13. CORSE, Colonel, Commanding. Brig. Gen. J. L. KEMPER. [19.] See also Vol. XIX, Part I, p. 904. t Nominal list (omitted) shows 8 officers wounded and 1 man killed, 10 men wounded, and 3 men missing Page 170 170 MD., IX N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL OCTOBER 1617, 1862.Reconnaissance from Sliarpsburg, Md., to Smith- field, Va. Report of ]Jiliaj. Greely S. Curtis. First Massachusetts Cavalry. CAMP OF FIRST CAVALRY BRIGADE, Near Hagerstown, Md., October 20, 18G2. SIR: In obedience to instructions I have the honor to report that at 11 p. in. of the 15th instant a detachment of this brigade, 50() strong, left camp under my command. The detachment was composed of 150 men from the Fifth Regulars, commanded by Lieutenant Ash; 150 from the First Massachusetts, under Capt. C. Crowninshield; 150 from the Fourth Pennsylvania, under Captain Shorts, and 50 from the Third Pennsylvania, commanded by Captain Hess. At 3.30 a. ni. of the 16th I reported for instructions to General A. A. Humphreys, near Sharpsburg, and at daybreak crossed the Potomac at Blackburns [Blackfords] Ford. The command halted one mile beyond Shepherdstown on the Smithfield turnpike until the maui body had crossed the river and then proceeded along the turnpike, driving in the enemys cavalry pickets and acting as supports to our artillery in the skirmishes which occurred until Kearneysville was reached in the after. noon, where the entire force halted and camped for the night. During the day the Martinsburg road from Shepherdstown was held by a detachment of 150 of the First Massachusetts Cavalry, under the com- mand of C pt. C. Crowninshield, with orders to advance if possible to a cross-road connecting the Martinsburg and Smithfield turnpikes, by which they were to rejoin the main force, leaving a sufficient number to hold the cross-road at the junction. Captain Crowninshield advanced, driving iii the enemys pickets until he was checked by a heavy force of rebel cavalry, who subsequently, being re-enforced by two pieces of artillery, caused our men to retire for nearly a mile. This command rejoined the main body of the advance, by orders, early in the morning of the 17th. At sunrise of the 17th the cavalry resumed their advance until Lee- town was occupied. From that point twenty-five of the First Massa- chusetts Cavalry went with me to within a short distance of Smithfield, which was found to be occul)ied by the rebel cavalry. The exact orders of expedition having been carried out, the force returned to Shepherds- town and recrossed time river by l3lackburims [Blackfords] Ford, time cavalry aided by two pieces of artillery under the command of Lieuten- ant Hazlett, of the Fifth Regiment Artillery, protecting the rear. The imumnediate rear guard was taken from the Fifth Regular Cavalry, com- manded by Lieutenant Ash, and behaved witim great steadiness though closely pressed by the enemys cavalry in large numbers and annoyed by a concealed musketry fire. From the beginning of the return march to the immediate vicinity of Sheplmerdstown the enemy were shelling the rear with little success. The casualties of the cavalry command were 1 private of the First Massachusetts slightly wounded by shell, and 1 horse killed and 2 wounded of the Fifth Regulars. I have the honor to be, your most obedient servant, G. S. CURTIS, Major, First Massachusetts Cavalry. General A. A. HUMPHREYS, Comdg. Reconnaissance in Force from Sharpsburg, Md., of October 16 and 17, 1862. [19. Page 171 CHAP. LXIII.] LOUDOUN, FAUQUIER, AND RAPPAHANNOCK, VA. 171 Report of Lieut. Charles B. lliazlett, Battery D, Fifth U. S. Artillery. BATTERY I), FIFTH ARTILLERY, October 20, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report the following actions of my coin- mand on returning from Leetown. on the 17th instant: Immediately after the artillery had been removed from the position it occupied near Leetown and started on the return the enemy opened whh two guns on our retiring columns, but without injury to our troops. I kept two gnus with the rear guard of cavalry. The enemys cavalry followed us as we retired, and word being sent me that they were get- ting ready to charge on the rear of our column, I halted and came in oattery on the road which was straight for about half a mile. Our cavalry moved off to one side of the road, and as the enemy came in sight over the crest of a hill I opened on them, when they immediately fell back out of sight. This I repeated txvo or three times. The effect of the shots could not be ascertained certainly, but they apparently did execution, as most of them burst directly iii large groups of cavalry and caused them to fall back in haste out of sight. The enemy also fired upon our column with artillery. The only damage, however, as far as I could learn, was the wounding of one man in my command. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. E. HAZLETT, Fir~t Lieutenant, F~fih Artillery. Captain MCCLELLAN, Assistant Adjntant- General. [19.1 OCTOBER 26NOVEMBER 10, 1862.Operations in Loudoun, Fauquier, and Rappaliannock Counties, Va. Report of ]Ifaj. Gen. James B. B. Stuart, C. S. Army, of skirmish at ]iilountville. October 31.- HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY DIVISION, Upperville, Noremn ber 1, 18628 a. m. GENERAL: Yesterday I succeeded in surprising the enemy (cavalry) at Mountyihle, capturing hjs camp an(l giving chase all the way to Aldie. Here we found artillery strongly posted in the mountain gap. This, however, delayed us only long enough to bring up our own, which drove their batteries away, and the whole concern left in the direction of Fairfax Court-House. We captured about seventy prisoners armed and equipped and n~onnted complete. Left four or five of the enemy at farm-houses, too badly hurt to be moved, who probably died last night. Captured two colors. It was Bayards brigade, composed of five regiments.and six pieces of artillery. As it was sundown when the enemys battery was silenced, and as I was thirteen miles from here, with my rear and left flank exposed to attack by Pleasonton, I did not continue the pursuit with the horses so jaded, bnt returned to camp near Union. The enemy were roughly handled, our sabers showing blood. Colonels Wickhaum, l{osser, and Owen did their (luty nobly, as did the officers and men of the commna.nd. There is no cooler or more intrepid man in action than llosser. The enemy umade several charges, See also Vol. XIX, Part II, P. 141 Page 172 172 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., I~XCEPT S. W., & W. VA. rCHAP. LXIII. but were met with signal defeat. I had the pleasure to witness a collis- ion between two of the enemys squadrons, one charging to the front and the other to the rear. They could not stand the sabers. Captain Watkins, Third Yirginia Cavalry, behaved heroically, and was, I regret to say, severely wounded. We had none killed, but several wounded and several horses killed. I had Lees brigade only, now commanded by Wickham. Bayard had his own and Stonemans cavalry. Our wounded and many of the enemys were brought away. One captain among the prisoners. I have no information particularly important. lleintzelman and Sigel are about Fairfax Court-House. I will thank you to send this hurried note to General ZR. E. Lee. Most respectfully, your obedient servant, J. E. B. STUART, [19.] Major- General. DECEMBER 1115, 1862.Battle of Fredericksburg, Va. Report of Brig. Gen. Nelson Taylor, U. S. Army, commanding division. HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION, FIRST ARMY CORPS, (lamp near Fletchers Chapel, Va., December 21, 1862. GENERAL: I herewith inclose the brigade reports of the brigades composing this division, together with the reports from the comman- dants of regiments composing the brigades, and also the report of the chief of artillery, accompanied with the reports of the commandants of each battery.* From a careful perusal of these reports you will be en- abled to obtain a clear comprehension of the part taken by each regiment and brigade, the details of which I thought might be of assistance to you in making out the report for the division. You will observe, of course, some conflict in the various statements, but from your own observation and that of your aides you will easily discriminate between that which tlfey represent and which really took place, and no doubt be enabled to draw sound and correct conclusions of the whole. A very little is to be said of what took place after you retired from the field. The bay- onet charge over the railroad track and into the woods was pre eminently successful. The enemy was routed and driven from his position with actual loss by the bayonet and many prisoners taken. We possessed ourselves of his position and occupied it for some time, and I only con- sented to give it up wheim I found the troops~n my left had retired and saw a heavy column of the enemy marching down the skirt ofthe wood to attack my left flank. (See Colonel Bates (Twelfth Massachusetts) report.t) No re-enforcements coming to my support, and amid a uni- versal cry of a want of ammunition, I deemed the position no longer ten- able. Such being the state of affairs, I felt that it was my duty to order the division to fall back; that to persist in holding the position longer without the assurance of being speedily re-enforced (which I was not) would be the sacrificing unnecessarily of many lives. The division, at about 2.30 p. in., fell back to the position it occupied in the morning in comparative good order with but slight loss, where, covered by skir- mishers, it was reformed and at 5 p. m. supplied with ammunition. Between 3 and 4 p. m. General Sickles division, of General Stonemans corps. took a position on the ground which our division occupied in the morning and relieved our skirmishers. No real demonstration was See Vol. XXI, pp. 481508. t See Vol. XXI, p. 497 Page 173 OIAP. LXIII.] BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG, VA. 173 made on the enemys line near this part of the field after the withdrawal of this division. About 3 a. m. on the 14th, by direction of General Reynolds, I marched the division to the left to support General Double- days division, where the division remained until the evening of the 15th, when, by direction of General Reynold~, I recrossed the river with the division, leaving 300 pickets on their posts, who all rejoined the command before daylight next morning. The loss of the division, as I stated to you in a short note a day or two since, was 1,249.* The foregoing, as near as I can recollect, comprehends about the substance, ii not the details, of what took place subsequent to the time you left. I give you this information to enable you to complete the report of the division, Which I think you may do with propriety. However, if you think differently and desire it, I will take up the subject where you leave off, but would much prefer that you would complete it yourself. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, NELSON TAYLOR, Brigadier- General, Commanding Division. Brig. Gen. JOHN GIBBON, & c. [21.1 Report of Cot. Henry L. Benning, Seventeenth Georgia injantry, com- manding Toombs brigade. HEADQUARTERS TOOMBs~ BRIGADE, December 20, 1862. MAJoR: I have the honor to report to you that the part taken in the action of the 13th instant by Toombs brigade was slight. The brigade occupied a position near the center of the second general line of battle. The enemy never approached near enough to that line to draw its fire. Still, the brigade was near enough to his batteries to suffer some casu- alties from the artillery fire directed at our batteries or other troops in its front and on its flanks. A list of these casualties I send you.t The brigade displayed the most commendable activity and energy in strengthening its position to resist attack. In a single night, with eight spades, six or eight picks, and a very few axes, it rendered its position impregnable to small-arms, and to every kind of attack, except one by artillery, conducted on the principles of a regular siege. On the day of the battle it was without any of these artificial defenses, hence the casu- alties it sustained. Shells were bursting on its line, especially that part of the line occupied by the Fifteenth and Twentieth Georgia, every few minutes during the whole battle; and it is cause for thankfulness that the casualties Were so fhw. The men were quiet and firm nuder this long ordeal. Only one other thing deserves mention: From the time the sigiial guns were fired on the night of the 11th to the time when the enemy retreated across the river in the night of the 16th, the number of men for duty remained about the same, rather increasing toward the last. The desire to meet the enemy was universal. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY L. BENNING, Major SELLERS, 6~olonel, Commanding Brigade. Assistant Adjutant- General. [21.] ___ ___________ __ ________________________ * But see revised statement, Vol. XXI, p. 139. I Shows 1 man killed, 2 officers and 7 men wounded, and 1 man missing Page 174 174 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Report of Cot. Lewis B. Williams, Jr., of the operations of the First Virginia Infantry on the 13th and 14th of December, 1862. HEADQUARTERS FIRST VIRGINIA REGIMENT, December 18, 1862. The regiment on the morning of the 13th with the brigade took posi- tion as support to General Armistead, Garnetts command occupying that position until 3.30 oclock, when it moved with the brigade to the left and down the Telegraph road in the direction of Fredericksburg, turning to the left where that road reaches the foot of the bluff cross- ing a mill-pond and halting nnder the point of a hill to the left of said road, remaining there as support to General Ransom, during which manenver and halt we were snbjected to a heavy fire of artillery and mnsketry, in which seven of its men were wounded. At dusk the regiment was carried forward and put into position behind a stone wall in the suburbs of Fuedericksbnrg where the above mentioned road leads into said place. Daring the night the regiment took four pris- oners, coming into our lines, one of whom was sent to the general com- manding the brigade, the other three (two officers and one private, all monn ted) were turned over to General Kershaw, with horses, & c., nothing more of interest occurring durin~ the night. The morning of the 14th bronght on a sharp skirmish, which was kept up during the day, with loss of two men to the regiment, and as far as could be seen some ten or twelve to the enemy. At 11 oclock upon the night of the 14th the regiment took Up the line of march with the brigade and returned to bivouac occnpie(1 the night of the 12th. The conduct of the men and officers was such as to call forth the highest praise, not one absenting himself the whole time. Respectfully submitted. L. B. WILLIAMS, JR., [21.] Colonel, Commanding. Report of Cot. William R. Terry, Twenty fourth Virginia Infantry. HEADQUARTERS TWENTY-FOURTII VIRGINIA. REGIMENT, Camp near Fredericksburg, December 18, 1862. GENERAL: in giving an account of the part taken by the regiment in the late actions in front and near the city of Fredericksburg on the 13th and 14th instant, I have to report that on the 13th we were held in reserve of the positions taken by Brigadier-Generals Armuistead and Garnett ready to support whichever might first need our support. About 3 p. m. we were marched to the left of the line of battle imme- diately in front of Fredericksburg to re-enforce General MeLaws division, a part of which was then warmly engaged in action with the enemy. During our march my regiment was severely shelled by the enemys batteries, but suffered comparatively little loss. During a small portion of the march we were exposed to the fire of small-arms at long range. About 9 p. m. we arrived in tIme ditch immediately in front of the city, which position we held during Sunday, the 14th (suf- fering no annoyance except from the enemys sharp-shooters, who were posted under cover immediately in our front), until relieved by another brigade about the hour of 10 p. in., when we were marched to our origi- nal position in reserve in rear of Picketts division. My loss was onl Page 175 CHAP. LXIII.] SKIRMISH AT HARTWOOD CHURCH, VA. 175 some seven or eight wounded, a report of which has been furnished. In conclusion I have only to say that my regiment acted entirely to my satisfaction. W. R. TERRY, Colonel Twenty:fourth Virginia Regiment. [21.] FEBRUARY 25, 1863.Skirmish at I{artwood Church, Va. Report of Cot. De Witt C. Baxter, Seventy-second Pennsylvania infantry, commanding brigade. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., 2D ARMY CORPS, February 27, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the Second Brigade in carrying out the order transmitted from corps headquarters through you to me: On the 25th instant, abont 9.30 p. in., the brigade was ordered under arms, and with instructions to hold the cross-roads at Berea Church, marched for that point about 10 oclock. We arrived there about 11.15. The night was dark, and the roads were in a very bad condition from the recent fall of snow, in consequence of which, although the distance marched was but little over two miles aimd a half, the men were much fatigued, but in the best of spirits. I made the following disposition of my men at this point: One division froni the Seventy-first Pennsyl- vania Volunteers was stationed on the road intersecting the Warren. tou road at this place, amid about 500 yards to the left of the latter; one division from the Seventy-second Peminsylvania was stationed on this road to the right, a like distance from the Warrenton road; oime division from the One hundred and sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers was sent up the Warrenton road a like distance beyoimd the Berea Church. Each~of these divisions had vedettes thrown out beyond their posts. One division from the Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers was sta- tioned in the chnrch. This left each of my battaliomis four divisions. Taking advantage of the buildings around Pollards house, two battalions (the Seventy-first and Seventy-second) were placed in positiomi there, with the intention of forming square or line of battle as occasion might require. The other two battalions were held in reserve in close column of division. The cavalry escort sent with me I found very useful in patrolling the roads and keeping up communication with the main body and outposts. The above disposition was effected by 12 oclock. Guards were placed over the surrounding houses to prevent communi- cation with the enemy. About 3.30 oclock in the morning a brigade of U. S. cavalry commenced moving to the front and continued until after 5 oclock. About this hour I received orders to report to General Stonenman. About 7 a. inn. I received orders from General Stoneman to march the brigade sonic two miles farther up the Warrenton road and take a position of defense at that point. The rain, which commenced falling about 12 oclock and continued all night. mow fell in torrents. The roads were impassable, and the men were wet to the skin. About 11 a. in. I received orders to returmi within the brigade, amid arrived at camp about 2.30 p. in., without having met the enemy. Notwithstand- ing the shocking condition of the roads, and the heavy rain that coii- tinned without cessatioii, the morale of the men was excellent, and I am sure if occasion had required they would have given a good report of themselves. To the officers who accompanied me I am under lastin Page 176 176 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. obligations for the promptness and alacrity with which all my orders were execnted. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. W. C. BAXTER, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. E. WHITTLESEY, Assistant Adjutant- General. [25.] MARCH 28, 1863.Skirmish at Hurricane Bridge, W. Va. Report of Capt. James W. Johnson, Thirteenth West Virginia infantry. HURRICANE BRIDGE, VA., April 3, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the assanlt made on this post by the rebel General Jenkins and his command on the 28th instant [ultimo]: About 6 oclock in the morning of the 28th instant [ultimo] our pickets brought in a flag of truce, with the following note from Jenkins: HURRICANE BRIDGE, VA., April [March] 28, 1863. Colonel BROWN Commanding Thirteenth Regiment U. S. Volunteers, Hurricane Bridge: COLONEL: I have now an overwhelming force so disposed as to completely sur- round you and cut off your retreat. A humane desire to avert the loss of life induces me to demand your surrender. In the event of your compliance, and the surrender in ,,ood faith of all forces under your command, they shall receive the treatment warranted by the usages of war, and both officers and men will be paroled. Twenty minutes will be allowed for the consideration of this note and to return a reply. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. G. JENKINS, Brigadier-General, C. S. Army. Upon the receipt of the above note I immediately sent in reply that I should not surrender the forces under my command unless forced to do so by an exhibition of his boasted strength, and immediately set afiout making the best possible disposition of the limited forces under my command. In fifteen minutes we were ready for action. All our available forces, numbering about 150 effective men, were drawn up inside our fortifications, when the enemy appeared in force and opened a furious fire upon us simultaneously on three sides from as many dif- ferent hills, owing to the high elevation of which and the unfinished condition of our works, exposed our men to a most galling cross fire, which they withstood and returned with the firmness of veterans. The enemys sharpshooters, posted on the adjacent heights and armed with globe-sighted rifles, were constantly endeavoring to pick off officers and men. After about five hours brisk and animated firing from both sides the enemy sullenly withdrew his forces, leaving a few of his wounded, who fell into our hands, from whom we have learned that the enemys force engaged did not number less than 500 men. Oar loss was 3 killed and 4 wounded, one of whom has since died. To both officers and mei~ I return my most sincere thanks for the bravery and gallantry displayed during the engagement. Where so many heroic deeds were performed it would be unjust to mention individual acts of gallantry. It is enough to say that all behaved in the most noble and gallant manner. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, J. W. JOHNSON, Captain, Comdg. Detachment Thirteenth Regt. Virginia Vol. lufty. Col. W. H. BROWN, Commanding Thirteenth Virginia Volunteer infantry. [25. Page 177 {~HAP. Lxiii.] SCOUT TO LEESBURG, VA. 177 APRIL 2124, 1863.Scout to Leesburg, Va. Report of ]Iliaj. Thomas Gibson, Fourteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. CAMP OF THE FOURTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, April 24, 1863. CAPTAIN: I respectfully report that agreeably to the orders of Gen- eral Kelley, on the evening of the 21st instant, at 11.02 oclock, I started with 211 men and 6 commissioned officers for Lovettsville. I arrived at Lovettsville at daybreak on the 22d, and found that Cap- tain Means company was at Grubbs Mill, three miles distant; that a party of rebels twelve strong had stolen a horse from John Snoots about five hours before my arrival. I put out patrols and vedettes, ana permitted the men to rest until 8 a. iii. I joined Captain Means at Grubbs Mill, and fed from the corn of one Joseph Mead, a rebel. I scouted the country between the west slope of the Catoctin Mountain and Waterford. I camped at Waterford awaiting the arrival of Cap. tam Hall, who was sent to catch Mobberly, the guerrilla. Mobberly was not found. On the morning of the 23d it commenced to rain. We pushed on for Leesburg by the eastern slope of the Catoctin Mountain, Stumptown, and Goresville. At Leesburg we found Charles Cooper and John Taylor, of Whites cavalry, hidden in a haymow; GeorgeG. Harper, who was pointed out by a negro as a spy from Richmond; James Shehuf a refugee from Alexandria. Near Leesburg we found William Fletcher, formerly of the Loudoun Cavalry, who says he was never mustered in, and served as wagon-master of the Eleventh Virginia for three months. I returned to Waterford and remained for the night. On this morning it continued to rain. Our men were out of rations, and the creeks all unfordable, and after gleaning all the information possible from scouts and refugees, I continued by a circuitous route, on account of the creeks, my way to camp. I learned that Mosby had been iu Water- ford in person; that he intended to attack our outposts at this place on ~he night of the 21st; but as he was doubtless gone two days I thought any attempt to cut him off between ilihisborough and time Ferry, considering the roads, to be useless. I learned that Fitzhugh Lee had fallen back, leaving Mosby and four companies to catch any small parties we might send out, particularly Captain Means company. Mosby was last camped at Bloomfield, six miles from Leesburg. I took a horse from Mrs. Louders, near Lovettsville, telling her that if she brought in the one left, a worn-out one, she should have her own. 12\Te got five prisoners and four horses. Forage in the country scouted in is plenty. The people complain of the rebels stealing horses, and many express themselves gratified at our presence. There is one Shugart, near Leesburg, who harbors and feeds the rebel horse-thieves. The prisoner Cooper took the oath of allegiance once. The mami John Taylor admitted that he was a native of Baltimore and a deserter from a Maryland regimnent. Cooper should be tried by a military commis- sion for bushwhacking and horse stealing. He admits having shot pickets. T. GIBSON, Major, Fourteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Capt. T. MELVIN, Assistant Adjutant- General. r2~.1 12 R RVOL LI, PT Page 178 178 MD., F. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. rCIIAP. LXIII. APRIL 27MAY 6, 1863.The Chancellorsville Campaign. Report of Brig. Gen. Joshua T. Owen, U. S. Army, commanding brigade.* IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., SECOND CORPS, In Bivouac at Banks Ford, May 4, 1863. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report that I detailed a company oC the Sixty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvaiiia Volunteers as skirmishers to cross the river under charge of one of my aidesde-canip, Lient. It. S. Seabnry, and to scour the woods on the enemys side, ascertain his force and whereabouts, and if l)ossible communicate with General Sedgwicks forces, then advancing in gallant style from Fredericks- burg on the plank road. These objects were accomplished without loss. Ten prisoners were taken, whom I sen(l herewith to General Gibbon. At 4.30 p. in., hearing the heavy fusilade and discovering that the enemy had been driven beyond the ford which I was to pro- tect, and believing that I might be of assistance to General Sedgwick, I quickly formed my brigade and hastened across the bridge, at this time finished. On my way and near the bridge I met Generals Hunt and Benham, who approved of my action. I sent my acting assistant adjntant-general, Captain Banes, to General Sedgwick with my com- pliments and the request that I might be assigned a position and be allowed to take part in the fight. Just as I had reached the point where my left would join his right I received for answer that he was strong enough for the enemy, and advising me to prevent him from either crossing or destroying the pontoon bridge, for which I at once made my arrangements. I have experienced some inconvenience from a question of rank and a conflict of authority between Generals Hunt and Benham. I am alternately ordered by each, and sometimes these orders are conflicting. When they have conflicted I have taken the responsibility of acting according to my own judgment. During my progress I picked up a number of our wounded and had them brought over by stretchers and ambulances to a hospital which I have estab- lished near my headquarters, under charge of my brigade surgeon, Doctor Itizer. The officers and men of my command acted with prompt- ness and manifested their usual readiness to obey my orders and do their duty. Jam, with respect, your obedient servant, JOSHUA T. OWEN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Lieut. F. A. HASKELL, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [25.] Report of Brig. Gen. Samuel K. Zook, U. S. Army, commanding brigade. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., HANCOCKS DIV., SECOND CORPS, Camp near Fabuouth, Va., May 12, 1863. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this brigade in the recent operations of the Army of the Potomac: On the 28th ultimo we broke camp. On the evening of the 30th we crossed the Rappahannock at United States Ford and bivouacked that night near Chaucellorsville. At noon on the 1st instant the brigade was * See also Vol. XXV, Part I, p. 357 Page 179 CHAP. Lxiii.] THE CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN. 179 marched out the Fredericksburg and Gordonsyille pike to a hill in the direction of Fredericksburg, about a mile from the Chancellor house, where it was formed in two lines to the right of the road and the First Brigade. The Sixty-sixth New York and the One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania formed the first line and the Fifty-seventh and Fifty- second New York the secoiid. Skirmishers were thrown out from the first line with instructions to remain under cover of the woods out of the enemys view. Subseqnently Major Scott, of the division staff, in the name of the general, required of me a regiment to support the skirmish line, which he himself undertook to post. The Fifty-second New York was assigned to the performance of the required duty, and by some mis- take was deployed in full view of the enemy, and in easy i-ange of his batteries. Of course, the enemy opened fire upon the regiment with his artillery, and advanced his infantry against it with such effect that 24 enlisted men out of 124, the total of the regiment, were killed or wounded Without accomplishing any possible good. Some time later I received orders to fall back with the brigade 200 yards and await orders, which, however, were soon given to hasten out of the woods, march rapidly toward the Chancellor house, and re-form line of battle. The line was fornied in the best position the ground afforded, with one bat- tery in front and another in rear. The fire of the latter injnred one officer and several men of the One hundred and fortieth by premature shell explosions. After the rel)ulse of the enemy the brigade again advanced over the road by which it had just retired and took position to its left at the foot of the ridge recently abandoned, forming a second line to the First l3rigade, General Cald wells. It remained here until 3 a. m. of the 2d, when it was again withdrawn to the Chancellor honse. The enemy had shelled the position inefthctually during the early part of the night. At sunrise the Fifty-seventh New York was detailed to picket near the ground just vacated by our lines. 1)nring the day it was frequently and determinedly attacked, but resisted successfully, killing and wonnding many of the enemy. In the course of the morn- ing a part of the Fifty-second was sent to its assistance, and of course shared the fighting and honor. The remainder of the brigade at the same time was marched toward the place of our first nights bivouac to occupy a crest looking toward Fredericksburg, which they subse- quently strengthened by rifle-pits. At 10 a. m. the Sixty-sixth New York was detached to report to General CaIdwell, an(l later in the day what remained of the Fifty-second was sent him also. A battery enfi- lading my position threw a few shells about sunset, but fortunately with- out injury to the command. At 9 p. m. the Sixty-sixth and two companies of the One hundred and fortieth relieved the Fifty-seventh and the part of the Fifty-second which was on picket, the latter falling back to the rifle-pits vacated by the Sixty-sixth, in General Caldwells line. These pickets experieuuced severe fighting and considerable loss next day, especially when ordered to fall back. On the morning of the 3d, some regiments having been withdrawn from the rifle-pits on my right, the One hundred and fortieth was moved in that direction to maintain connection with those which remained. In this new position the regiment lost some mcii killed and wounded by the enemys artillery. Lieut. John S. Paden, Fifty-seventh New York, my acting aide-de-camp, was wounded in the shoulder by a piece of shell at this place. Subsequently the One hundred and fortieth was moved to the support of a battery on the right of the Chancellor housethe Fifth Maine. Half an hour after taking this position the house caught fire. Being filled with our wounded a com- pany of the One hundred and fortieth was ordered to assist in thei Page 180 180 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL removal, which duty was well performed under very severe fire. Another detail of forty men was made to bring off the guns of the battery above named, which had lost all its officers and nearly all its men and horses. This detail first drove two caissons into the woods, out of the enemys sight, and then returned and removed two guns to the same position. It was then and there they first saw men of aiiy other brigade. Some men of the Second Brigade assisted part of the detail to bring off these guns, whilst the remainder went back for the other three, which they found some men of the Second and Fourth Brigades endeavoring to remove. Lieatenant Linton, of the One hun- dred and fortieth, in charge of the detail, ordered some of his men to assist with each gun, until they reached a place of safety, which was done. The gun detail and that for the removal of the wounded neces- sarily left their arms with the regiment, which moved away in obedience to orders during their absence. In this way some rifles were lost, although many of the men and some of the officers each carried off quite an armload of pieces. Conspicuous amongst the latter was Lieutenant Stokes, who abandoned his rations, blankets, & c., for the purpose. On arriving upon the field near the white house in rear of Chancellorsville, I found the other regiments of the brigade, the Fifty- second and Fifty-seventh New York, which had been operating under General Caldwell, as he informed me, with great credit, and the Sixty- sixth, returned from picket. These with the One hundred and fortieth were formed in line in rear of General Caldwells brigade, in the new position to the left of the Third Corps, where we remained until our withdrawal to the north bank of the river. I am happy to express entire satisfaction with the conduct of my command, and to return my thanks to Captain Hose, and Lieutenants Faville, Broom, and Paden, of my staff, for their efficient assistance. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. K. ZOOK, Brigadier- General. ,Maj. JOHN HANCOCK, Assistant Adjutant- General. [25.J Report of Col. Hiram Bnrnham, Sixth Maine Infantry, commanding Light Division, Sixth Army Corps. HEADQUARTERS LIORT DiVISION, SixTH CORPS, May 12, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the Light Division from the date of the resignation of General Pratt, April 30, when the command devolved upon me, to the time when the command was withdrawn to the left bank of the Rap- pahannock on the morning of May 5: In pursuance of orders received from corps headquarters, I marched the Light Division to the right bank of the river on the morning of May 1, crossing near Deep Run and reporting to Brigadier-General Brooks for orders. I was directed to take up a position in front of our forces at this paint, which I accordingly did, relieving all pickets which had previously been thrown out. This position was maintained almost without incident until 5 p. m. May 2, when it was determined to drive the enemy back, and the necessary preparations were accordingl Page 181 CHAP. LXIII.] THE CHANCELLORSYILLE CAMPAIGN. 181 made. The Thirty-first New York, Colonel Jones, was ordered to pro- ceed ill) Deep iRun to clear that ravine of the enemys sharpshooters and to commence the attack 011 the enemys lines. This regiment hav- ing become warmly engaged, my whole line was ordered forward and moved up gallantly, my skirmishers driving the enemy everywhere before them, and pressing him completely back to the base of the line of hills which bristled with his fortifications. Here a halt was ordered by General Brooks, and the engagement was discontinued, the enemy having been driven wherever found. Subsequently my command was relieved and drawn back near its former position, where the men were allowed to rest until the movement toward Fredericksburg was com- menced at 11 p. in., when I reported with my command to Major-General Newton, and in obedience to orders moved in the rear of his division. The entire night was consumed in this movement. Just as day was beginning to dawn I halted my command in the outskirts of the town and remained there for a short time until a position was assigned me in front of the fortifications upon the heights of Saint Maryc. I occu- pied this position at about ~3 a. m. and disposed of my forces as follows: The Sixth Maine, Lieutenant-Colonel Harris Thirty-first New York, Colonel Jones, and Fifth Wisconsin, Colonel Allen, I placed directly in front of the fortifications and just to the left of the plank road where it winds down the hill and crosses the canal. The Forty-third New York, Colonel Baker, and the Sixty-first Penn- sylvania Volunteers, were reserved for purposes which will be indicated hereafter. The men were informed that they were to take the fortifica- tions in front of them by storm, and regimental commanders were urged to enforce upon them the necessity of relying upon the bayonet alone instead of wasting ammunition by firing upon a foe sheltered behind fortifications. To the fidelity with which this instruction was observed I consider the glorious success of my command entirely due. All preparations having been completed, I commenced the attack at 10 a. m. by pushing forward upon the plank road an attacking coinmn, consi~ting of the Sixty-first Pennsylvania Col Forty-third New York, Colonel Baker, the Spear, and time Sixty-first being in front. This force, marching in columns of fours and having reached the bridge across the canal took up up _ the double-quick, pushing the hill gallantly under a withering fire of musketry. The head of the column becoming engaged with the enemy was time signal for the direct attack upon the fortifications by the remainder of my command. Accordingly the regi- ments upon the left of the road were at once put in motion and swept steadily up the hill unmindful of the terrific fire of musketry and can- ister which was vomited forth upomi them from stone walls, rifle-pits, and redoubts. Silent and cool, with ranks well closed, they rushed on without firing a shot, routed the emiemy from behind the stone wall at the point of the bayonet and without a pause pushed him before them up the heights. At this critical juncture the Sixty-first Pennsylvania was thrown into momentary confusion by the death of its gallant colonel, and fell back in some disorder. This exposed the flank of the Sixth Maine to a most destructive cross fire of musketry, but nothing could check these men of iron will. The rifle-pit was carried by a bayonet charge in which many of the enemy were slain, and still pressing on after the routed and panic-stricken foe, they carried the earth-works upon the crest of the hill and planted our colors there in triumph. The confusion in the column upon the plank road was only momentary. Colonel Baker at once pushed his regiment to the front and the works at this point were carried with small loss, the enemys lines having already been broken Page 182 182 MD., K l~. C., PA., IA., ~XCEPT S. W., & W. VA. (CHAP. LXIII The works having been thus carried, my whole command was pushed on down the plank road iu pursuit of the flying enemy, aiid assisted in carrying his second line of works, after which General Brooks took the front, and my command was not again engaged with the enemy during the day. I need hardly speak of the advantages which accrued to our forces from the desperate and successful assault upon the heights of Saint Maryc, of which I have just ~iven the details. The splendid battery and the many prisoners which were captured were, after all, perhaps the least of the fruits of our victory. Later in the day when General Brooks command became engaged with the enemy at Salem Heights, I placed my command within supporting distance and awaited orders. Just at dark I moved the Light Division to the front and there passed the night. At an early hour on the morning of May 4, in obedience to orders, I moved my command to the extreme right of our lines and took position near Brooks Ford. During the day the position of the Light Division was changed several times. In the afternoon the Fifth Wisconsin and Sixty-first Pennsylvania, under command of Colonel Allen, were attached to the command of General Brooks. They became engaged with the enemy, bnt did not suffer severely. At night the Sixth Maine, Forty-third New York, and two companies of the Thirty-first New York were posted near the position which they occupied in the morning, on the extreme right of our lines at Brooks Ford. The position was somewhat isolated, and by breaking through our picket- line the enemy l)laced himself between this portion of my command and the remainder of the corps. He then advanced in heavy force at about midnight to attack the command, lie succeeded in capturing some of my pickets from the Thirty-first New York and Forty-third New York, but the SixthMaine met him and repulsed him handsomely, after a fight of less than half an hour. lie at once reformed his col- umns, and b ringing up fresh troops prepared to renew the attack. Finding a much larger force opposed to me, the command was with- ckawn, after being virtually cut off from the corps and surrounded by the enemy, by being led to the waters edge and thence following the river to Banks Ford. At 2 oclock on the morning of the 5th of May the command recrossed the river at Banks Ford, encamph~g on the left bank near that place. In detailing the oI)erations of the Light Division I should not omit to speak of the services rendered by the Third New York Independent Battery, Lieut. W. A. ham, which, nuder the direc- tions of Colonel Tompkins, chief of artiltery of the Sixth Corps, par- ticipated in the engagements at the heights of Saint Marye and Salem Heights, on both of which occasions it behaved gallantly and was skillfnlly and efficiently handled. I have to deplore the loss of Colonel Spear, of the Sixty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, who fell at the head of his regimmment in the assault upon the heights of Saimit Marye, and also the loss of Maj. Joel A. Haycock, of the Sixth Maine, who fell in the same engagement. The loss of these and other valued and gallant officers cannot be too deeply re~retted. Throughout these operations the conduct of the officers and nmen of my comnmand was splendid, almost without exception. The following are deserving of special mention, and I take great pleasure in bringing them to your notice, viz: Colommel Allen, Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers; Colonel Baker, Forty- third New York Volunteers; Colonel Jones, Thirty-first New York Volunteers; Lieutenant-Colonel Harris, Sixth Maine Volunteers; Major Dawson, Sixty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Lieutenant Ham, Third New York Independent Battery. The able manner in whic Page 183 CHAP. LXIH.] THE CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN. 183 these officers handled their commands, and the personal gallantry which they displayed in the engagements with the enemy, cannot be too highly commended. Adjt. Charles A. Clark, Sixth Maine Volun- teers, should also be specially commended. His coolness, gallantry, and presence of mind in the engagement at Brooks Ford contributed in a great measure to saving his regiment from annihilation and cap- ture. I submit herewith a special report of such officers and men as have been brought to my notice by regimental commanders and are iii my opinion deserving of mention. I also submit a special report of casualties.* Very respectfully, general, your obediemit servant, HhI~AM BURNIIAM, Colonel Sixth Jllaine Volunteers, Comdg. Light Dirision. Maj. 0-en. JOHN SEDGWICK, Commanding Sixth Corps. [Thclosure.] HEADQUARTERS LIGHT DIVISION, SIXTH CORPS, May 13, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to bring to your notice the following-n amned officers and enlisted men of this command who distinguished them- selves during the recent operations of the army on the right bank of the Rappahannock. Special mention should be made of the following officers of my staff; whose services throughout were of value to me and who distinguished them selves on mnore than one trying occasion by gallant and meritorious conduct, viz: Capt. A. E. King, assistant adjutant-general; Capt. Enoch Totten, acting assistant inspector- general; First Lieutenant Bissell, Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers, aide- de-camp, and First Lient. J. C-. Roberts, Sixth Maine Volunteers, division provost-marshal. I have already iii my report of the oper- ations of the command brought to your notice the several regimental commanders and the commander of the Third New York Independent Battery. I would again say that the gallantry and bravery of Colonel Baker, Colonel Jones, Colonel Allen, Liemitemmant-Colonel Harris, and Major IDawson, deserve special mention. I have also nientioned Adjt. Charles A. Clark, Sixth Maine Volunteers, in mny rel)ort of operations. He is highly commended by his regimental commander for gallant amid meritorious conduct, both at the heights of Saint Marye and Brooks Ford. From my personal knowledge of the circumstances I would say that his coolness, bravery, and good behavior elicit my warmest admi- ration and praise. He has fully e~mrned pronmotion, has the ability and would make a good assistant adjutant-general. The following officers are mentioned for distinguished services at Saint Maryes Heights, where they were wounded seriously: Capt. B. J. Buck, Sixth Maine Voluneteers; Capt. Thomas P. Roach, Sixth Maine Volunteers; First Lieut. J. B. McKinley, Sixth Maine Volunteers; Maj. II. M. Wheeler, Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers. The following are commended for gallant conduct at the heights of Saint Marye amid Brooks Ford: Lient. Col. Johii Wilsorm, Forty-third New York Volunteers; Maj. John Fryer, Forty-third New York Volunteers- Ca George Fuller, Sixth Maine , pts. Theodore Lincoln, jr., and Volunteers; Fh-st L ieuts. A. B. Sumner, H. H. Waite, L. Smith, and Second Licuts. Fred. A. Hill, Fred. B. 0-in n, amid George W. Burnham, all of Sixth Maine Volunteers. All coin- muanded companies after the charge at heights of Saint Marye. Lieu- tenaut-Colonel Cathin, Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers, deserves honorable *Embodiecl in tables, Vol. XXV, Part I, pp. 172, 191 Page 184 184 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL mention for gallant conduct at heights of Saint Marye, where he com- manded the left wing of his regiment. The following enlisted men are mentioned for reasons set against their names: Private James iRobb, Sixty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, seized the colors of his regiment when the color-sergeant was wounded and bore them until relieved by one of the color-corporals. Corpl. C. T. Packard, Fifth Wisconsin Volun- teers, pursued and captured two rebels. Corpl. J. F. Elliott and Corpi. 0. II. Beal, Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers, who insisted upon following the rebels after being wounded. Corpls. V. B. Gee, Charles 0. Brown, and Privates John Ross and Alexander Johnson, Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers, wounded at heights of Saint Marye, but remained with the regiment throughout. Color Sergt. John A. Gray, Sixth Maine Vol- unteers, distinguished himself at heights of Saint Marye, being the first man of our forces to enter the enemys works, and planting his colors upon them before aiiy others waved over them, and while the cannoneers were still at their guns and the infantry making a stub- born resistance. First Sergt. Lindroff W. Smith, Sixth Maine, distin- guished himself by gallantry at heights of Saint Marye and Brooks Ford. At latter engagement he commanded his company after the wounding of Lieutenant Buruham. I would say, in conclusion, that regimental commanders have been remiss in bringing to my notice officers and men who deserve commen- dation for distinguished and meritorious services; only one regiment, the Sixth Maine, having submitted a special report of persons, as required by regulations. For this reason the number mentioned from this regiment is larger than from any other. Very respectfully, genera], your obedient servant, HIRAM BIJRNIIAM, Colonel, (Jommanding Light Division. Maj. Gen. JoHN SED~W1CK, Commanding Sixth Corps. [25.] Report of Lient. Col. Benjamin F Harris, Sixth Maine Infantry. HEADQUARTERS SIXTH MAINE VOLUNTEERS, Camp near White Oak Church, Va., May 9, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of th~ part which this regiment took in the recent battles on the right bank of the Rappahannock, and the operations connected therewith: The regiment left its former camp near Belle Plain on the 28th day of April ultimo, at 10 a. in., and marched toward the point on the river where General Franklin crossed his command last December. Having arrived near that point at S p. m. the Light Division was halted a little back from the river, out of sight of the enemy. The regiment was drawn up in the skirt of a pine forest and allowed to rest until it became so dark that the operations for which the regiment was deta7led could be carried on without fear of discovery by the enemy. The coin- mand was then marched into the open field, where the pontoon train was drawn up, abont one mile and a quarter from the point of crossing. From this place the bateaux were to be carried to the river by the Light Divis- ion and launched into the water preparatory to throwing a force upon the right bank of the river. For this purpose the regiment was divided into parties of seventy men each. At 10 oclock the bateaux were taken from the wagons and carried by the men toward the river. Th Page 185 CHAP. LXIII.] THE CIIANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN. 185 distance was quite long and the road slippery, owing to the heavy rain which had fallen during the day; nevertheless the men worked with a will, and some hours before daylight the boats were all in position at the waters edge. So silently were these operations conducted that I judge the enemy had no idea of our presence, although his pickets were posted on the opposite bank only a few rods from us. Just before day- light the boats were launched and filled with men by General Brooks. This regiment was then drawn back a little, and with the first gleam of light the line of boats swept across the river, and after a sharp. skirmish General Brooks occupied the right bank of the river. My command lay in line of battle on the bank of the river until 8 a. in. of the 29th, when I was ordered to march it to the right of the bridges which had been laid and station it to guard the mouth of Deep Run. After remaining here until 10 a. m. I was relieved, and the command was withdrawn to the heights, a little distance back from the river. We remained there until the afternoon of May 1, but little being done in front of ns meanwhile. Just at twilight of this day the command was marched across the river and took position in the first line of bat- tle, the Light Division doing picket duty for the whole force, which had crossed the river at this point. My whole command was virtually on picket, and as extreme vigilance was used, the men rested but little. The night wore away quietly, as did the imext day (May 2), until about noon, when a company of the enemys sharpshooters crept up Deep Run and commenced a sharp attack upon my pickets. They were repulsed and lost several men in wounded and prisoners. At 5 in the evening an advance of our entire line was ordered and we swept for- ward, driving the enemy everywhcre before us, and forcing him to retire to the base of the line of hills which he had so strongly fortified. Here a halt was ordered,and at 8 oclock another regiment took our place in the first line, and my command was drawn back near the end of the bridge, where the men were permitted to rest until 11 p. m. At this hour the regiment was again put in motion and marched with the rest of t~e Light Division through Deep Run and advanced toward Fredericksburg. The column moved very slowly and the entire night was consumed in this movement, so that we did not enter the streets of the town until about 5 oclock on the morning of May 3. After a halt, we marched out and took position directly in front of the fortifications on the heights of Saint Marye, probably the strongest portion of the enemys works~ Here our lines were formed with a view to charging the enemy and taking his formidable fortifications by storm. This regiment formed the right of our lines. The right flank rested near the I)lank road where it winds down the hill and crosses the canal; the left rested near a small redoubt, from which, the enemy had been driven in the early part of the day. On ray immediate left was the Thirty-first New York, while, deployed as skirmishers, in front of both regiments was a portion of the Fifth Wisconsin. Dispositions were at once made for an attack. The men were informed what was to be done, and instructed to press on at double-quick to the top of the hill, over the meshes of rifie-pits and stone walls which intervened. Above all, they were instructed to rely upon the bayonet and not to fire a shot until the fortifications were carried. At 11 oclock an attacking col- umnn, consisting of the Sixty-first Pennsylvania and Forty-third New York, marching by the flank, moved across the bridge on my imme- diate right and advanced up the plank road to attack the enemy Page 186 186 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. This was the signal for a general attack, and as they became warmly engaged with the enemy my command was ordered forward. The instant that the advance commenced all of the enemys works in front of us, stone walls, rifle-pits, and redoubts, vomited forth a tremendous tire of ii~usketry, which did fearful execution in our ranks. Silent, cool, and determined, with ranks well closed, in y men rushed steadily on, and routing the enemy from behind the stone wall, at the point of the bayonet, pressed on for the rifle-pit without a halt and without firing a shot. Hotter and hotter waxed the fire of time enemy. Besides the terrific musketry, canister was J)oured into my ranks from the guns at the top of the lull, while my right, which was left entirely unpro- tected by the breaking of the Sixty-first, was subjected to a flank fire, before which it seemed that every man must go (lown. As we neared the rifle-pit the fire of the enemy reached its greatest fury and did the most fearful execution. It was here that those gallant officersCap. tains Young, B ahlinger, and Grayfell, fighting like brave and true men, as they were. Scores of the men fell, too, but nothing could check our line, which swept steadily on up the hill. The rifle-pit was reached, and then for the first time a shout of victory went up, and in the fierce hand-to-hand fight which ensued many of the enemy were slain, while from twenty to twenty-five were killed by the bayonet alone. One man in Company K, Private George Brown, bayoneted two of the enemy in succession, and then, as the resistance was obsti- nate, he brained a third with the butt of his musket. At this point the fight was waged only for a moment. The enemy~s line gave way in wild confusion and dismay and fled to the top of the hill, followed so closely by our mcii that they were never rallied, but either surren- dered in the-fort or continued their flight down the plank road. Our men rushed on, scaled the earth work at the top of the hill, capturing many prisoners and a battery of seven guns from the celebrated Wash- ington Artillery. In five minutes from the time which we started on the charge our colors waved over the enemy~s strongest work, and the day was ours. My loss in this charge was 128 officers and men killed and xi-ouhdeda fearful rate of mortality, when the short time which we were under fire is considered. Major Haycock, one of the most valued and gal- lant officers in the regiment, fell among the first, cheering on the men by his example arid words. I cannot deplore his loss too deeply. After a halt of a few moments in the formidable works, which our wild charge had so successfully carried, the regiment was pushed omi down the plank road in pursuit of the flying enemy, who had fled toward Chanccllorsville. Signs of panic and rout were everywhere visible, and many prisoners were captured by our pursuing forces. Brooks division having taken the front, the regiment was marched very slowly with the remainder of the Light Division, and was not again engaged with the enemny during the day. Just at dark I marched my regiment to the front, in obedience to orders, and supported our artillery. Here the night was passed, and as the men had left their knapsacks at the foot of the heights of Saint Marye before the charge, they were without blankets and rested but little. May 4 the engage- ment with the enemy continued. My regiment, with the whole Light Division, was changing position almost constantly, occupying different portions of our lines, which were threatened strongly by the enemy, but at no time becoming engaged. At night the withdrawal of the Sixth Corps to the left bank of the river having been determined upon, this regiment, together with the Forty-third New York and two corn Page 187 CHAP. L~III.~ THI5~ CHANCELLOI~VILLE CAMPAIGN. 187 panies of the Thirty-first New York, were posted to hold the extreme right of our lines, which rested on the river at Brooks Ford. The position was a critical one, as we were detached from the remainder of the corps by a distance of nearly two miles, and it was only necessary for the enemy to break through a picket-line and place himself between my command and Banks Ford, in order to completely cut us off and render our capture almost certain. This he did a little before midnight, and at once advanced to attack my command, which was strongly posted iu a skirt of pine forest. The pickets in front of my command from the Thirty-first and Forty-third New York ilegiments all surren- dered or fell back without firing a gun. II was warned of the approach of the enemy only by the tread of his troops and his hurried orders, which were given in a loud tone of voice. Having obtained precise information of my position from the captured pickets, he advanced to attack me in heavy force. For nearly half an hour the fight raged furiously, but my regiment, though unsupported and with both flanks entirely unprotected, met the attack as brave men should, and finally the enemy was driven back in confusion, having sustained severe losses. After the first heat of the conflict I sought Colonel Baker, on my right, who was in command of the whole force, to ascertain what his instruc- tions were at this critical juncture of affairs. l)nring my absence the services of Adjt. Charles A. Clark were invaluable. While the fight continued he rode back and forth along the line, fearlessly exposing his person and encouraging the men by all the means in his power. His excellent conduct did much toward insuring the success of which I have spoken. The enemy at once rallied his forces and prepared to renew the attack with overwhelming numbers. Annihilation and cap- ture stared the regiment in the flice unless it could be withdrawn in pursuance of orders previously received. This was successfully accom- plished by Adjutant Clark, who led the regiment through almost impenetrable underbrush to the bank of the river and then over a pre- cipitous bluff to the waters edge, riding his horse down this bluff which it s~eined impossible for any mounted man to descend alive. Having arrived at the waters edge, the regiment was led by him down the river to Banks Ford, and there rejoined the Light Division. I cannot praise the behavior of Adjutant Clark on this occasion too highly. His gallantry and presence of mind extricated the regiment from a most perilous position after it had repulsed a superior force of the enemy in a handsome manner. At 2 oclock on the morning of May 5 the regiment recrossed the river at Banks Ford, encamping for a few hours at that place. At 10 a. m. of the same day I was ordered by General Sedgwick to march my regiment to Richards Ford, to resist the passage of the enemy at that point. I remained at Richards Ford until May 7 without being attacked by the enemy, whemi I rejoined the Light iDivision in pursuance of orders. I submit herewith a special report of the officers amid men who distinguished themselves in the actions above mentioned.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, BENJ. F. HARRIS, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding kegiinent. Capt. A. E. KING, Assistant Adjutant- General, Light Division. [25.] ~ Not found. but names probably embodie4 in Buruliams report of May 13, p. 183 Page 188 188 MD,ThN. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA [CHAP. LXIII. Report of Col. John Ely, Twenty-third Pennsylvania Lfantry. HDQRS. TWENTY-THIRD 1tE~r. PENNSYLVANIA YOLS., Bivouac near Banks Ford, ]Jfay 6, 1863. SIR: I have the honor, in pursuance of instructions from headquar- ter~,to make the following report of the movements, operations, arid casualties of this command since April 28, 1863: On Tuesday evening, 28th ultimo, this regiment was detailed to carry five pontoon-boats to a point on the river opposite Deep Run. This was accomplished quietly, arid before daylight of the 29th ultimo the regiment having the honor of launching the first boat. On the 29th and 30th ultino and 1st instant we lay opposite the bridges, moving several times from the upper to the lower one. On Saturday evening the regiment crossed the pontoon bridge at Deep Run and moved to the left of the l3ernard house, where we remained until midnight, whence with the brigade we moved along the Bowling Green road to Fred- ericksburg, where we arrived about 3.30 a. m. of Sunday, after consider- able skirmishing at the head of the column. We there relieved the First U. S. Cha~seurs, taking the head of the column on the right of the railroad near the depot in the rear of the town, and fronting the noted stone wall rift c-pits. Just at daybreak we received orders to feel the enemy at that point. I immediately ordered the right wing, com- posed of Companies A, D, G, H, and F, under Lient. Col. John F. Glenn, to be (leployed forward as skirmishers, and supporting him myself with the left wing, Companies C, E, I, K, and B, my skirmishers advanced to within a few yards of the stone wall, when the enemy arose from behind it and delivered a very heavy fire upon us. Not being sup- ported, and knowing the impossibility of gaining anything by being thus exposed, we fell back to our position in the ravine, from where we started, in good order. We experienced but a slight loss in this movement, having 2 men killed and 6 wounded. We remained in this position until about 11 oclock, when our artillery opened with much vigor upon the enemy, and under cover of this cannonade the assau!ting party moved forward, the Fifth Wisconsin and Sixth Maine on our ri~ ht flank. I had no orders to move forward, but I took the responsibility of order- ing my regiment to the charge, when I heard the orders given to the Fifth Wisconsin and Sixth Maine to storm the enemys works on my front. We charged up the hill nuder a most furious cross fire, and arrived simultaneously on the enemys works with the two regiments before mentioned, the colors of the Sixth Maine being the first on the stone wall, and the colors of my regiment being the first unfurled on the heights, immediately behind the stone wall. Capt. II. Reese, of K Com- pany, captured eighteen prisoners, including one commissioned officer (Lieutenant Clements) of the Sixth~ Mississippi Regiment. My regiment then reformed and rapidly pursued the enemy on the left of the plank road. We arrived on the second line of hills and reported to General Newton, who ordered the regiment into line on tIme left side of the road, and remained there for an hour. Then, by your orders, we rQjoined our brigade. About 4 p. m. we were moved with the brigade to the sup- port of a battery, which was in danger. In this position we remained all night. At daylight on Monday we were placed on picket and under the coin- mand of Colonel Eustis, who had charge of the picket-lines, where we remained until 630 p. mu. Then by your orders we prepared to fall * Mistake as to number of regiment. The Sixth Mississippi was not in the Army of Northern Virginia Page 189 ClAP. LXIII.] THE CHANCELLORSYILLE CAMPAIGN. 189 back. This we had scarcely commenced when Colonel Eastis ordered nie to resume my position, which was done. Orders were then received from Major-General Newton to fall back, which was done in good order and without loss. We then moved to the rear toward Banks Ford, about one mile and a half, when we were directed by you to support a battery under Major Duncan [Doull?] an(l to be relieved by his orders. This being accomplished we again fell back and rejoined our brigade, and arrived on the hills near Banks Ford about 10.30 p. m. Detailed one company under Captain Marchant on provost duty at the lower bridge. After crossing, my regiment and the One hundred and twenty-second New York Volunteers were ordered by General Newton to report to General Tyler to support Battery M, Second U. S. Artillery, which was on the extreme right of our crossing position. We remained there under a very annoying fire from a rebel battery (though a harmless one) until all the troops and artillery had recrossed and the bridges taken up, when we rejoined our brigade and encamped with it on the Falmouth road. From crossing the river at Deep Run, below Fred- ericksburg, and its recrossing at Banks Ford I have to report the fol- lowing casualties, viz: Four killed, 18 wounded, and 40 missing; total, 62. I cannot close my report without acknowlcdging my obligations to the field, staff; and line officers, and to every man in this regiment for the prompt and efficient manner with which every order was executed by them. I remain, very respectfully, & c., JOHN ELY, Colonel Twenty-third Regiment Penusyl cania Vols., Comdg. Capt. XV. P. IRooME, Assistant Adjutant- General. [25.] Report of Col. James B. Walton, Louisiana Artillery, chief of artillery, First Army CoNps. HDQRS. ARTILLERY CORPS, FIRST ARMY CORPs, May 11, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report: In obedience to orders from Brigadier- General Pendleton given to Captain Eshleman on the afternoon of tIme 29th of April, in the absence of myself at Richmommd on duty, ten guns of the Batt lion Washington Artillery left the camp at Chesterfield Station on time morning of the 30th; reached the front near Fredericksburg on the afternoon of May 1. Unavoidably delayed in Richmond endeavoring to procure horses essen- tial to move the guns to the front, a detail for which purpose was wait- ing in Ricbmond, I reached the command near Fredericksburg a short time after its arrival there. Shortly after they had been placed in park behind the hill near Alsops house an order was received fi-oni General Pendleton directing four Parrotts or Napoleons to be sent forthwith to II amiltons Crossing to report to Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews, com- manding the artillery battalion, Earlys division, Second Corps. Cap- tain Richardson, with one section of Second Company amid one section of Fourth Company, four Napoleons, was immediately detached and reported as ordered at about 11 oclock that night. On the morning of the 2d of May, heavy firing being heard on the left in the direction of Chancdllorsville, the remaining guns were held in constant readiness to move. At 9.10 a. m. I received orders from Gen- eral Pendleton to send all the guns to the front. The remaining si Page 190 190. MD., E. N. C., PA.~ VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [Oni. LXU. guns were moved up the Telegraph road and subsequently placed by General Pendletons order in position in the redoubt about 1,000 yards to the left of the plank road. Here the remained until evening, when General Pendileton ordered the guns to be withdrawn to the Telegraph road. Before, however, they reached that road, about sunset, a staff officer of General Pendleton came to me upon Maryes Hill with orders to send aU the guns, including a section of Parrotts of Parkers battery, then in position on that hill, to the rear toward Chesterfield Station. The order was immediately communicated to Captain Eshleman and to the lieutenant commanding the section of Parrott guns, who at once began the march as directed. After marching about two miles I was met by Brigadier.General Barksdale at the head of his brigade going rapidly to the fron% who inquired by whose orders the artillery was being removed, stating that General Early was in command ad that he was on the march with his division coming to re-enforce the center. My column was ordered to be reversed at once and the artillery was bivouacked on the Telegraph road overicoking Fredericksburg. At 2.30 a. m. 3d of May General Bark~ale sent an aidetometo say that he considered it necessary that guns should be placed upon Marycs Hill to command the plank road and the causeway. Awn of the meager and insufficient infantry force in front of the works, and the absence of ~any troops in support in the rear of them, I saw General Barksdale in person and protested against their being placed there until they could be better protected, to avoid their falling into the hands of the enemy should he charge the position. General Bark~~e urged compliance with his order, and Captain Miller was sent with two Napoleon guns to the position indicated; one was placed in the work Immediately to the left of the plank road and the other on the right of the road and to the left of the Marye house. About sunrise, Sdof May, b General Pendletons order, one Napoleon and one 3.inch rifle, under Ca%ain Squires, were sent to Marye?s Hill and placed in position in front of the graveyard to the right of Marye?s house. The section of Iarrotts of Parke~ battery had also been ordered to and replaced in position in the works on the extreme right of Maryes Hill. At 8 a. m. the enemy made a demonstration above the town and opposite to Falmouth. By General Pendletons order the two remaining guns of the Washington Artillery (two 12-pounder howitzers), under Lieutenant Norcom, weie sent to the left and placed in position in two small and incomplete works on the brow of the hill 300 yards in front of the main line of redonbts and about 800 yards to tine left of the plank road. One of the Napoleons, under Captain Miller, in position commanding the plank road and causeway, was ordered by General Barksdale to be removed to the left of the works occupied by the howitzers under Norcom, leaving only one gun to command those approaches. At 10a.m. the enemys batteries on the edge of the town opened a vigorous fire of shell upon Maryes HilL Immediately his columns appeared formed for the assault, and, notwithstanding the three guns (Squires two and Millers one) opened upon him with vigor and pre- cision, he advanced steadily over tine plain and in column up the plank road. The road running behind the stone wall in front of Maryes Hill being gained, the small force in the trenches gave way before the heavy columns which pressed upon them, leaving the guns upon the hill with- out support. The enemy, hugging the slope of the hill, climbed to the crest and flanked and captured.the guns there in position almost before It was ascertained the ibfantr1r had been driven her columns advanced and flaked Norcom s position on the left, where the howitzer Page 191 191 CHAP. LXIIL) THE CHA~CLLLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN. had been placed. He had been firing upon them on the plank road, and was only aware of their close proximity when he discovered them in the adjoining work and upon his flank. Giving the order to limber to the rear, he made the attempt under a fire of musketry to carry off his guns, but his horses were shot down, and he was thus compelled to abandon them. As soon as Marycs 1-lill was seen on the right to be occupied by the enemy in force General ]3arksdale formed a regiment in line of battle to the left of the crest of the Telegraph road. Richard- son, with the four Napoleons sent the day before to Hamiltons Crossing, had just returned to report to me. His four guns were immediately ordered to the front and placed in position on the left of the Kapo- leons. Richardson continued firing upon Marycs Hill until a col- umn of the enemy that had appeared within about forty yards of his guns poured into him a volley, when he was ordered to save his guns and men, which I then considered of doubtful accomplishment. He succeeded in withdrawing all his guns and carriages but one Napoleon gull, which had to be abandoned in consequence of the loss of horses rendering it impracticable to remove it. Moving with the remaining guns to the rear, General Pendleton ordered me to place them in bat- tery at the first proper and commanding position. I selected the junc- tion of the Telegraph and military roads, and there on the left of the Telegraph road I placed the three remaining guns of Richardson iii battery, and on the right of the road two howitzers of Colonel Cutts battalion, which were afterward withdrawn. Here Lieutenant Hero, with the Napoleon gun of the Washington Artillery saved from the extreme left position in front, joined the command and was also idaced in battery. General Early subsequently formed his line of battle at this point. Toward dark in the evening forges, battery wagons, and forage of the enemy were discovered coming down the road toward our position. Orders were given to fire upon them. Captain Richardson, being ready, fired the first gun, followed by the guns of Andrews bat- talion, which had been placed on the right of the road. The wagons beat~a hasty retreat and were found upon the road in the morning. At dark the four guns were s~nt a mile to the rear, where the command bivouacked. Fully alive to the disaster and sincerely deploring the loss of the guns by the Washington Artillery and the section of Parkers battery, affording, as it will, the only cause for congratulation and boast the enemy can have after this our last, most brilliant victory, I cannot close this report without asserting that upon mio previous occasion during this war have the officers and men exhibited more courage and devotion to the sacred cause in which they are engaged. The gnus were fought until the enemys colors were planted upon the works in which they were. To have fought them longer would have been mad- ness and resulted in wanton sacrifice of life. The loss of the Wash~ ington Artillery is as follows: Killednon-commissioned officers, 3; l)rivates, 1; total, 4. Woundedcommissioned officers, Lieutenant 1)e Russy, 1; non-commissioned officers, 3; privates, 4; total, 8. Miss- ingcommissioned officers, Capt. C. W. Squires, First Lient. E. Owen, First Lieut. J. M. Galbraith, 3; non-commissioned officers, 4; privates, 26; total, 33. Total killed, wounded, and missing, 45. The loss in guns, carriages, and horses, as follows: First Company, I U. S. 3-inch rifle and limber, 1 Napoleon and limber; Second Company, 1 12-pounder howitzer and limber; Third Company, 1 Napoleon amid 1 caisson; Fourth Company, 1 Napoleon gun, 1 12-pounder howitzer and limber; total, 6 guns, 4 limbers, and 1 caisson. Horses killed and lost i Page 192 192 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. tCHAP. LXIII. actiGli, First Company, 16; Second Company, 8; Third Company, 4; Fourth Company, 1; total, 29, In the absence of reports from other batteries or battalion commanders, which I presnme will be forwarded directly to the division commanders, I am unable to embrace in this report any more than it containsthe operations transpiring nnder my immediate orders. I have the honor to be, very resJ)ectfIlllly, J. B. WALTOX, Colonel and Chief of Artillery, First Army Corps. Capt. D. D. PENDLETON, Assistant A6jutant- General. [25.] Report of Lient. C. If. C. Brown, First Company. Battalion Washington (Louisiana) Artillery. CAMP STANARDS FARM, May 10, 1863. CAPTAIN: In obedience to orders given to Capt. C. W. Sqnires on the morning of the 3d instant, two guns of the First Company, Battalion Washington Artillery, one Napoleon and one 3-inch rifle gun, were placed into position by him on Maryes Heights at 7.30 a. in., with the caissons some 300 yards in the rear, protected by a ravine. By the capture of the senior officer of the company the report of the engage- ment devolves upon me, but as I was in rear in charge of the caissons and did not witness the engagement I am unable to report upon it. About 10.30 a. m. I was informed by the company quartermaster- sergeant, J. U-. Timmons, that the heights had been taken and the enemy were advancing, whereupon I moved my caissons with all dispatch from the field down the plank road and reported with them at camp i~ear Ches- terfield Station. During the engagement the valuable services of Sergt. William H. West and Corpl. T. J. Lutman were lost, both having been killed while at their posts. Braver and more chivalrous meii never fought. Private J. B. Florence received a mortal wound and died from its effects on the 6th instant. I have to report by the taking of Maryes Heights the loss of the First Company, Battalion Washington Artillery: 1 Napoleon gun and limber, complete; 1 3-inch rifle gun and limber, complete; 16 horses; 4 sets lead and 2 sets wheel harness.* Very respectfully, C. H. C. BROWN, Second Lient., Comdg. First Company. Battln. Washington Artillery. [Capt. B. F. ESHLEMAN.] [25.1 Report of Capt. John B. Richardson, Second Company, Battalion Wash- ington (Louisiana) Artillery~ CAMP BATTALION WASHINGTON ARTILLERY, Near Fredericksburg, Va., May 8, 1863. SIR: I beg leave to hand you the following report: On Friday, the 1st of May, soon after arriving in bivouac near Fred- ericksburg, I was ordered with a section of my battery, two Napoleon Nominal list of casualties (here omitted) shows 3 men killed and 3 officers and 24 men missing Page 193 CHAP. LXIII.] THE CHANCELLORSYILLE CAMPAIGN. 193 guns, under Lient. John D. Britton, and a section of the Fourth Com- pany, two Napoleon guns, under Lieut. H. A. Battles, to report to Colonel Andrews, General Earlys division, at Hamiltons Crossing, which I did about 11 oclock the same night. Next day all of General Earlys divis- ion except General Hays brigade was moved and my battery was attached to his brigade. I remained in position near Hamiltons Cross- ing until the morning of the 3d of May, when I found the enemy making an attack in front of Fredericksburg. Finding my guns would not be wanted where they were, I requested General Early to allow me to move my battery in the direction of Fredericksburg, which I did by the Tele- graph road. When I arrived I found the enemy had taken Maryes Heights and everything was falling back in confusion. I was ordered forward by Colonel Walton and took position in and to the right of the Telegraph road, commanding Marycs Heights, and immediately opened fire on the enemy, who by that time had occupied the heights in con- siderable force. I fired from this position fifty-one rounds of ammuni- tion, when I was compelled to fall back, having no support, and the enemy coming up under cover of the hill so close as to force me to leave one of Lieutenant Battles Napoleon guns. His wheel driver having been wounded and one of his horses killed~ made it impossible to move the gun in time. We then fell back one mile on the Telegraph road, where a new line of battle was formed. A battery of the enemy made its appearance, on which we opened fire and drove away. I remained in this position until relieved late in the evening. I have to report Privates P. Von Coin and B. T. Kirk, of the Second Company, wounded, and Corpl. J. B. Valentine and Privates Carey and Anderson, of the Fourth Company, wounded. The officers and men were cool, worked the guns well, and acquitted themselves, as they always do, with credit. Privates Freret, Payne, Humphreys, and Meux being under arrest, were allowed to volunteer and assist in working the guns, which they did to my entire satisfaction. Very respectfully, J. B. IIICHA1TIDSON, Capt., Comdg. Second Company, Battalion Washington Artillery. Capt. B. F. ESHLEMAN, Commanding Battalion Washington Artillery. [25.] Report of Capt. Merritt B. Miller, Third Company, Battalion Wash ington (Louisiana) Artillery. HEADQUARTERS BATTALION WASHINGTON ARTILLERY, Near Po River, May 10, 1863. CAPTAIN: On the morning of the 3d of May, about 2.30 oclock, 1 received orders from you to move my company, composed of two 12-pounder Napoleons, from Lees Hill down to Fredericksburg, and on arriving there I placed one of the guns in position on the left of the plank road under command of Lieutenant Hero. The other gun was placed to the right of the plank road under command of Lieutenant McElroy. I remained with this gun, and nothing occurred worthy of notice until about 10.30 a in., when the enemy commenced moving heavy columns of infantry out of the city, down the plank road, as well as a road lead. ing from the city, which my piece commanded; also on the open plateau in front of Maryes Hill and to the right of my position. I immediately 13 R RYOL LI, PT Page 194 194 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. opened fire upon them with spherical case and succeeded in driving them back. They reformed and again advanced and succeeded in gain- ing the cover of the hill. I continued firing at their bodies of infan- try, but on looking toward Maryes Hill on my right I saw our forces retreating, and that the enemy had gained the heights and were advancing toward me, being then only about 150 yards to the right and rear of my position. I immediately ceased firing and ordered the i)iece to be limbered up, but perceiving that the enemy were gaining on me and that there was no possibility of saving the piece, 1 ordered the limber and caisson to retire from the field, which they succeeded in doing. Three of my men are missing and are supposed to have been taken prisoners, viz: Ser~t. J. T. Handy, Privates B. B. Dick and W. P. Noble. I expended about twenty rounds of a~nmunition. I here- with submit the report of Lieutenant Hero, * by which you will perceive that he was so unfortunate as to be compelled to abandon his caisson and that he had three men wounded. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. B. MILLER, Captain, Comdg. Third Company~ Battalion Washington Artillery. Capt. B. F. ESHLEMAN, Commanding, dee. [25.1 Report of Lient. Andrew Hero, Jr., Third Company. Battalion Wash. ington (Louisiana) Artillery. CAMP BATTALION WAsHINGTON ARTILLERY, Near Po River, May 10, 1863. CAPTAIN: About 3 oclock on the morning of the 3d instant I was placed by you in command of a 12-pounder Napoleon in position on the left of the plank road, with orders not to respond to any artillery fire, ~bnt to operate against infantry. I remained in this position until about 9 a. in., when I was ordered by Captain Eshleman to move toward the Stansbnry house, opposite Falmouth, and occupy one of the fortifica- tions adjoining the house. I succeeded in gaining the position under a severe fire without any injury. Nothing occurred here worthy of notice until nearly 11 a in., when I discovered that our forces on my right toward Maryes Hill were retreating, and that the enemy had gain e(l possession of the works to the left of the plank road and within about 500 yards of my position. At this juncture Captain Eshleman arrived at the work and ordered me to limber up and move to the rear, which I did, and succeeded in gaining our second line of works, but was compelled before reaching them to abandon my caisson owing to the jaded condition of my horses. On arrivinh at this point the piece was unlimbered preparatory to going into action, but my cannoneers not having arrived at the position, and having no infantry support, and the enemy then advancing up the plank road, I was ordered by Cap- tain Eshleman to repair to the Telegraph road. On arriving there I secured a caisson of the Fourth Company and moved down the Tele- graph road. Here I remained until abont 5.30 p. in., when I moved with the residue of the battalion to camp for the night at the intersec- tion of the Itainiltons Crossing and Telegraph roads. Before leaving I fired two rounds of spherical case at some wagons and pieces of the enemy which were coming up the Telegraph road. My casualties were See next, post Page 195 CHAP. LXIII.] THE CHANCELLORSYILLE CAMPAIGN. 195 three wounded, Corpi. li. P. Many severely, and left on the field near the second position which I occupied and suppose(I to have been taken prisoner by the enemy, and Privates Otto Frank and L. A. Adam, both slightly. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. HERO, Jn., Lieutenant, Third Company, battalion Washington Artillery. Capt. M. B. MILLER, Comdg. Third Company, Battalion TYashinyton Artillery. [25.f Report of Licut. Joe Norcom, Fourth Company, Battalion Washington (Louisiana) Artillery. CAMP OF WASHINGTON ARTiLLERY, Stanards Farm, May 10. 18(13. CAPTAIN: I respectfully submit to your consideration the folloxviiig rel)ort of the part taken by the section under my command in the late battle of Fredericksburg on the morning 3d of May, 1863: On Sunday morning, at 7 oclock, in obedience to your order I moved the section of howitzers under my command, comprising one of Second Company, under Lient. G. B. Dc Fussy, and one of Fourth Company, under Lieut. G. E. Apps, from the Telegraph road to the left of the plank road to take position in the small and incomplete works on the brow of the hill 300 yards in front of the main line of redoubts, and about 800 yards to the left of the plank road. Upon entering the redoubts I immediately opened fire upon a column of the enemys infantry moving to our left on the plain beneath, soon compelling them to scatter and seek cover under a stone wall running along the canal. Their infantry now being under cover and out of sight I opened upon a battery of six guns moving into position in their rear an(l on a line with fife town of Falmouth, distant about 1,000 yards. A spirited duel took place lasting for the period of thirty minutes, when the enemy withdrew badly crippled. During this unequal contest the section of howitzers were subjected to the fire of two other batteries of six guns each, one directly in front (500 yards distant an(i the other behind the graveyard in the rear of the town; also three heavy guns on the heights of Falmouth. After silencing this battery I ceased firing to save my ammunition in case the enemy should attempt to cross the canal. At 10.30 a. in., finding that the enemy remained quiet on my front and that they were advancing to storm Maryes Hill, I immediately, by firing to the right, began shelling, and with good effect, their columns advaiic- ing over the causeway at the foot of the plank road. While thus engaged I saw the enemys flag surrounded by men planted upon the redoubt on my right and about 400 yards distant. The order to liiu- ber to the rear was immediately given and executed, but too late to escape. Finding it impossible to save the guns, the men were ordered to scatter and the horses to be cut loose. The gun pf the Second Com~ pany being in the advance was captured with its horses, the enemy crippling-two of them. The horses of the gun of the Fourth Company were brought off, but the gun lost. Having no support whatever of infantry, we were completely at the mercy of the enemy as soon as the hill was taken, the raising of the flag upon the redoubt on our right being the first intimation of their proximity. I am much indebted to ILicutenants Apps and Dc Itussy, the fbrmer deserving much praise ib Page 196 196 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. his coolness in action and his endeavors to save the guns; to the latter also I am much indebted for his services during the time he was on the field, but being struck by a piece of shell was disabled and forced to leave the field early in the action. The non-commissioned offl& rs and privates deserve much praise, all acting alike with coolness and bravery. The gunners, I am proud to say, wasted no ammunition. My loss was: Lieutenant De iRussy severely and Corpl. L. L. Lewis, of Fourth Com- pany, mortally wounded, 6 horses, and 2 guns. The section fired 225 rounds of spherical case and shell. The caissons being sent to the rear to refill the chests thus escaped capture. Trusting that the above report may prove satisfactory and sufficiently explicit, I subscribe myself, yours, very respectfully, JOE NO1{COM, Lieut., Comdg. Fourth Company, Battalion Washington Artillery. [Capt. B. F. ESHLEMAN.] [25.] JUNE 3AUGUST 1, 1863.The Gettysburg Campaign. Bejport of Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Neill, U. 8. Army, commanding Light Division, Army of the Potomac.* IIDQRS. LIGHT DIVISIoN, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Near Punkstown, Md., July 13, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to report that, in accordance with instructions received from Major-General Meade, commanding the Army of the Potomac, to follow up the rear guard of the enemy and send informa- tion of his movements, the following was the result of my operations: On the morning of the 7th of July I marched my command, consist- ing of Colonel McIntoshs brigade of cavalry, with two pieces monirted artillery attached thereto, Captain Martins regular battery rifled pieces (10-pounder Parrott), and my own, Third Brigade, Second Division, Sixth Corps Infantry, through the gap in the mountains leading from Fairfield to Waynesborough, Pa., into which g~tp I had driven the rear guard of the enemy the night before with my brigade, the advance of the Sixth Corps. We moved rapidly through this pass, and upon advancing into the valley beyond, I left my infantry behind and pushed forward at a trot to Waynesborough. Found the rear guard of the enemy had left for Hagerstown about three hours before. 1 pushed through the town, took the Hagerstown pike, an(l about two miles out found the enemy had burned the bridge over the Antietam at that point. This prevented me from crossing my artillery. I pushed my cavalry forward to a point about four miles from ilagerstown and found the enemy strongly posted at all the fords and bridges on the Antietam and covering Ewells corps, which was in position along the north of ilagerstown. I sent Colonel McIntosh, with his brigade of cavalry and four pieces artillery, to feel the enemy and draw his fire along the various crossings of the Antietam. This he did in a very gallant and professional manner. Upon arriving at Zeiglers Mills about three miles from Bagerstown, he found the enemy- strongly posted with the three arms. He allowed the enemy to fire forty or fifty rounds from his artillery, tlmen placed his troops in position, opened with his own artillery, dismounted his skirmishers. and drove the See also Vol. XXVII, Part I, pp. 678680 Page 197 CHAP. LXIII.J THE GETTYSI3URG CAMPAIGN. 197 enemy back across the Antietam in gallant style. I cannot refrain from expressing my admiration of the daring, courage. and excellent judgment exhibited by Colonel Mcintosh during the whole of the time lie was under my command, and would most urgently recommend that lie be promoted to the rank of brigadier, in order that he may fill a wider sphere of usefulness toward the accomplishment of the good cause. The day after my command arrived at Waynesborough General W. F. Smith arrived with his command of three brigades, fifteen regi- ments infantry, of militia from Pennsylvania and New York, and two batteries of artillery. From his arrival I was governed by his counsel, advice, and or(iers, and co-operated with him in daily trying to bring the militia under fire, but the enemy did not recross the Antietam in this (lirection. Information of the strength, position, and attitude of the eneniy was sent daily to Major-General Meade. On the evening of the 11th we had marched the whole command to Leitersburg, about five miles from Hagerstown, where I was placed in receipt of an order to rejoin my corps (the Sixth), two miles from Boonsborough. On the 12th I marched my Light Division toward Boonsborough, found the corps had moved, marched to Funkstown, crossed the Antietam, rejoined my corps and division, and took position in line of battle opposite the enemy about 5 oclock that evening. I am, general, with great respect, your obedient servant, THOS. II. NEILL, Brigadier- General, U. S. Vols., late Comdg. Light Division. General SETH WILLIAMS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., U. S. Army, llidqrs. Army of the Potomac. [27.] Report of Maj. Thomas T. Eckert, Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army, Assistant Superintendent U. S. Military Telegraph, of operations July 1, 1863, to June 30, 1864. OFFICE U. S. MILITARY TELEGRAPH, WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, December 8, 1864. GENERAL: In compliance with General Orders, Quartermaster- General~s Office, No. 29, dated July 6, 1864, I have the honor herewith to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864: General Orders, iNo. 29, was not received by me until November 6, and this report has been prepared as rapidly as possible since that date. I respectftdly refer to my annual report for the previous year, dated November 30, 1863. First. I have been throughout the entire year on duty at the War Department as assistant superintendent U. S. Military Telegraph, and as such have had direct charge of the con- struction, operating, and management of all muilitary telegraph lines in the I)epartment of the Potomac, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, and the Department of the South. At the beginning of the fiscal year the Army of the Potomac, under command of Major-General Meade, was in the vicinity of Gettysburg, Pa. Telegraph wire, instru- ments, material, & c., together with a full force of builders and oper- ators, were on hand with the army, but the commanding general did not think it expedient to have telegraph lines established to the army. Communication was kept up, however, by means of a line of couriers from Fred-crick City, Md., and from Hanover, Pa., to both of whicli points we telegraphed directly from the War Department. Within a short time after the 1st of July the army moved to Frederick, havin Page 198 198 MD., K. It. 0., PA., VA., KlOKfl S. W., & W. VA. (Oni. LflIL defeated the rebel army in a severe engagement at Gettysburg. From Frederick our army moved toward Hagerstown and Willianasport, and lines were at once extended from the first-named place to the head- quarters of General Meade and to the several corps headquarters. Theselines wereworked continually until afterthe rebel army had evacu- ated Williamsport, when the main force of our army moved to Pleasant Valley, Nd., the headquarters of General Meade being established at Knoxville. Lines were then built to the army, connecting with our line to Harpers Ferry. July 19 and 20, our fly crossed the Potomac near Berlin, lid., and immediately moved to Gainesvifle, Vs., where telegraph communication with Washington was renewed via Manassas Gap Railroad. Within a few days the army marched to the line of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. From this time until May, 1864, when the army began its spring campaign, two wires were kept in constant working order from Washington to the army, one being used exclusively for military, the otherfor railroad business. In addition to these lines others were built from General Meades headquarters to all of the corps and some of the division headquarters. These lines were of very great value to the army, kee ing all its parts in quick communication with each other and with Washington. In March, 1864, the Secretary of War ordered the construction of a telegraph line from Washington, D. C., via Port Tobacco, to Point Lookout, lid., that being the new depot for rebel prisoners of war. This line was commenced March 14 and finished April 3, offices being opened at Point Lookout, at Saint Marys, the, headquarters of the Potomac flotilla, at Port Tobacco, and afterward t Leonardtown, Ed. The use of this line has been of immense advan- tage to the Government From June, 1862, a field telegraph had been worked in the Army of the Potomac under the supervision of the Sig- nal Co s, the wire used being of steel (six strands), covered with rub- ber, and the instrument the Beardslee magneto-electric machine. This instrument was found to be inefficient for speedy communication and Ijiled to accomplish the result desired. In March, 1864, by an order of the Secretary of War, these field ulegraph lines and instruments were turned over to me to be worked. I gave them a thorough trial. The instruments proved to be of very little practical use, and were sent to the rear, by order of Major-General Meade, previous to the movement of the fly. In contemplation of the spring campaign of the Army of the Potomac, a complete field telegraph construction and working party was organ- ized under charge of D. Doren, superintendent of construction, and A. H. Caldwell, chief operator. An arrangement for the speedy run- ning out of telegraph wire was made as follows: Pack-uaddlee were fitted for reels, each containing one mile of wire, and were placed on pack-mules. By making fast the end of the wire and startin; the mule off the wire was unwound and run out with great rapidity. This arrangement has enabled us to construct field lines with great prompt- ness, many times having them up and working before the troops them. selves had changed position. To furnish current for the army lines, 1 fitted up a portable battery, consisting of sixteen seotious of six cefls each. The cells are of copper, about four Inches in diameter and nine in depth, and contain a solution of blue vitriol and water. In this solu- tion is placed a leather cup one-half the diameter of the oopper, con- taining a zinc plate an4 water. Each cell is insulated by a casing of thin sheet rubber, and fitted on the tapis a bone rubber cap,thus making the cells water-tight Each section is incIsed in a strong box Page 199 CHAP. LXIII.ll THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 199 and the whole securely packed in a commoi~ army wagon, in which is also placed a box of blue vitriol, the only article necessary to replenish the battery and keep it in working order. A table is arranged in the wagons with instruments, , & c., thus making in itself a complete telegraph office, with everything necessary to the working of any n um- ber of lines required at a moments notice. This wagon was placed at General Meades headquarters and has accompanied them throughout the operations of the spring and summer campaign. It has proved successful in every respect. By its aid battery has been furnished the field lines at all times. On the night of May 3 the Army of the Potomac crossed the Rapidan at Elys, Germanna, and Culpeper Fords, and advanced to the vicinity of Chancellorsville, where the engagements known as the battles of the Wilderness took place. From here the army moved to near Spotsyl- vaiiia Court-House, on May 10, where another sanguinary battle was fought, continuing through three days. After those engagements the town of Fredericksburg was taken possession of by our forces and constituted a temporary base of supplies. To open communication with the army by this route a line was built from Port Tobacco, Md., to Maryland Point, on the Potomac, where a submarine cable, six miles in length, was laid, and the line extended thence via Belle Plain to Fredericksburg, from which point a line of couriers was established with the army. The office at Maryland Poiiit was opened May 16 and those at Belle Plain and Fredericksburg within a day or two there- after. On the night of May 20 the Army of the Potomac moved from S~)otsylvania Court-House to Bowling Green and Milford Station, on the Richmond and Fredericksburg Railroad, and a temporary base established at Port iRoya~, on the Ilappahannock, below Fredericks- burg. A line was built from Belle Plain to Port Royal, the office at the latter place being opened on May 24. After a short halt the army moved forward from Bowling Greemi and vicinity to and across the North Anna, where several sl)irited engagements took place. On 1~[ay 28 our forces withdrew from south of the North Anna and marched to Hanovertown, on the Pamnumikey, where they crossed and took position about Cold Harbor. The offices at Belle Plain, Freder- icksburg, Port Royal, and Maryland Point were closed about May 30, the base of supplies having been changed to White house, Va. The line from Fortress Monroe, Va., to Yorktown was extended along the north bank of the York from Gloucester Point to West Point, with submarine cables crossing the York at Gloucester and the Mattapony at West Point. From the latter place a line was built on the north bank of the Pamunkey to White House. The office at West Point was opened June 2, and at White House the day following. Betweeu White House and Cold Harbor a line of couriers was established. In the construction of the line from Gloucester to West Point time building force had several serious skirmishes with guerrillas in which the guer- rillas were driven off. Two of our men were killed and several wounded. While the operations of the Army of the Potomac were going on General l3utler, comnmuamiding the Departinemit of Virginia and North Carolina, landed a force at Bermuda Hundred and threatemmed Richmond ammd Petersburg. The telegraph line front Fortress Monroe to Williams- port [Williamsburg] via Yorktown was extended to Jamestown Island. Dispatch boats were kept running between the last-namned place and Bermuda Hundred. Lines were built from Bermnuda Hundred to the headquarters of General Butler on Proctors Creek, and to both wings of his army, and were invaluable to General Butler in conducting hi Page 200 200 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. operations. The telegraph lines in this department were under the direction of Richard OBrien, chief operator, who has beei indefatigable in his exertions to render them of service to the Government. June 12, 13, and 14 the Army of the Potomac moved from its position about Cold Harbor to Bermuda Hundred and City Point, crossing the James River immediately above Fort Powhatan. A telegraph line was built on the south side of the James from City Point to Swan Point, there connecting with a submarine cable to Jamestown Island, but owing to interruptions by guerrillas this line was not worked successfully until June 24, at which time a sufficient force was stationed along the line to protect it from guerrilla raids. From City Point lines were built to Gen- eral Meades headquarters, two miles and a half southeast of Peters- burg, and to General Butlers headquarters at Point of Rocks on the Appomattox, crossing at that place with submarine cable. Lines were also constructed to all the corps headquarters and to our advanced works. During the operations at Spotsylvania, on the North Anna, at Cold Harbor, in the march from Cold Harbor to City Point, and in the battle in front of Petersburg in June, the field telegraph hues were worked with great success, and invaluable aid was thus rendered the Government. General Grant and General Meade were kept in almost constant communication with each other and with the different corps of the army. In the above-mentioned operations 130 miles of field telegraph Were constructed and worked, and when the army moved were taken down, thus making it necessary for the construction party to travel a distance of 300 miles. To D. Doren, superintendent of con- struction, A. II. Caldwell, chief operator, and the men under them, is due much of the success attending these lines. They have worked many times in the face of the enemy, exposed to fire without shelter, have been kept up day and night whenever required, and have had innumerable difficulties which can never be known to but few. They deserve the highest commendation.* T. T. ECKERT, Major and Assistant Quartermaster of Volunteers. l3vt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEJG-S, U. S. Army, Quartermaster- General, Washington, D. C. [27, 36, 40.j Report of Capt. Alexander Moore, aide-de-eamp, U. S. Army, of opera- tions July 12. WASHJN~TON, September 8, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following statement of facts connected with the battle of Gettysburg, July 1 and 2, as they transpired under my immediate observation, and of the orders intrusted to me for execution: About 2 p. m. July 1 you directed me to proceed from your head- quarters at Emmitsburg and communicate with General Reyholds at or near Gettysburg. Upon reaching Gettysburg I found that-General Reynolds had been killed, and the troops under command of General Howard, who was anxious to learn when your corps would be up. Returning to report, I met at short distance from Gettysburg the head of your column advancing, under command of General Birney, and learned from him that you had already gone forward to communicate * Remainder of report (here omitted) relates to the construction and management of lines in the Department of the South and statement of property and expenditures Page 201 CHAP. LXIII.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 201 with General Howard. Early on the morning of July 2, after accom- panying you to General Meades headquarters, I rode with you around our lines. After the formation of your new line of battle, in accord- ance with instructions from General Meade empowering you to call upon the Fifth Corps on your left, and upon the Second Corps on your right, for any needed re-enforcements, you (lirected me, at about 2.10 p. in., to proceed to General Sykes and request him to send a brigade to support General Birney on the road connecting the Taneytown and Emmitsburg roads. General Sykes informed me, upon delivery of my communication, that he would rather not send a brigade at once, but would do so if any necessity arose, General Birney, or General Ward, who commanded Birneys left, to notify him of such an event. On my return the artillery fire had just opened, and I was directed by you to return to General Sykes and bring up a briga~de immediately. Upon reaching General Sykes headquarters I found him absent, but his adjutant had authority to detach a brigade from General Ayres com- mand, and I conducted General Weeds brigade to General Birneys line, General Weed accompanying me in person to your headquarters near the wooden barn. Immediately thereafter the signal officer on Round Top Mountain reported to you in person that the enemy was advancing in great force, with the evident design of carrying that position, thus flanking General Birneys lines, and you again directed me to go for further re-enforcemnents from the Fifth Corps. On my way to where I had last found General Sykes, I met General Crawford, com- manding the Pennsylvania Reserves, and was informed by him that he had not received any orders at all that day, and although very anxious to take part in the battle he did not feel authorized to move without orders from General Sykes. I proceeded at once to find General Sykes, but failing in that I met General Slocumn, to whom I explained the posi- tion of affairs. General Slocum immediately authorized me to use any troops I might meet. Thus, triply armed, with your own, General Meades, and General Slocums authority, I had no hesitation in call- ing again upon General Crawford, who gladly acquiesced, and his col- unin was instantly put in motion, reaching the extreme left of the line in time to defeat the enemys attack upon Round Top Mountaimi. Leav- ing General Crawford to report to you, I met Captain Poland, who informed inc of your disablement, which misfortune I at once proceeded to report to General Meade, and upon my return at dark met you as you were being borne from the field. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ALEXANDER MOORE Captain and Aide-de-Camp. Major-General SICKLES, Third Corps. [27.] Report of Capt. Lovell Purdy, Jr., Seventy-fourth New York L~,fantry. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH REGIMENT, EXCELSIOR I3RLGADE, August 1.1, 1863. MAJOR: Pursuant to orders received from your headquarters, I most respectfully submit the following report of the participation of this regiment in the movements of this army between the dates of June 11, 1863, and August 1, 1863: At an early hour on the 11th day of June, 1863, orders were received at these headquarters, originating from headquarters Third Arm Page 202 202 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL Corps, to move at 10 p. m. the same day. Lieutenant-Colonel bit, then in command of the regimeilt, doing at the time picket duty with a detachment of it, Capt. F. E. Tyler, senior officei present, immedi- ately prepai-ed that part of the regiment 4which still remained in camp to move at a moments notice. At about 12 m. First Lieutenant Bel- ger, aide-de-camp to Colonel Brewster, communicate verbally to Cap- t~in Tyler to move his meii on the road in front of the encampment of this brigade where to form in line of battle on the rest of the 1-egiments belonging to this brigade, whence to proceed on the road to the extreme front in order to meet the detachment at the time doing picket duty iii front, who had already received orders to march for that purpose on the aforesaid road. Accordingly Captain Tyler formed his men in line of battle on his parade ground, when the previously given orders to move immediately were countermanded by Lieutenant l3elger, and the men, after having formed stacks, were allowed to rest, he also stating that the pickets had received final orders to join their regiments in their different encampments. During the night of the 11th the pickets joined us after a very severe and rapid march. Early on the morning of the 12th orders were received to move, the regiment was formed, and after joining the rest of the brigade, the column was marched off. Nothing of importance occurred that (lay. The weather was extremely hot. Halted the column for the night at about 5 p. in. within four miles ot Grove Church. Orders were given in the evening to be prepared to move early next morning. The line of march was accordingly taken up at 4 oclock on the morning of the 13th and halted at 6 p. m. on the arrival at IRappahannoek Station, the marching having been severe and the weather sultry. There being indications of a short stay on the morning of the 14th, the men were ordered to clean their gumis and accouterments and a thorough inspection of both was immediately made. Iii the evening of that day orders were received to move. The march was continued during the whole night and until the next morn- ing, June 15, 1863, at 8 a. in., and halted at Catletts Station. Left at 2 p. m. and arrived at Manassas Junction at 9.30 p. m. the same (lay. The miiarching from ~iappahannock Station was very severe, the weather neing sultry and the night dark, can sing some men to straggle, who, however, rejoined the regiment at Catletts Station previous to its (leparture from there. Remained at Manassas Junction during the night of the 15th and the whole day and night of the 1(ith. Great scarcity of water. Started from Manassas Junction on the morning of the 17th; crossed Bull Run Creek, where a short halt was made, and arrived at Centervihle in the afternoon. Received orders on the morn- ing of June 19 to accompany the corps wagon train as guard, upon w-hich Colonel hlolt, after joining the same, divided the regiment into different sqonads and marched them at intervals among the train. Leports that the enemys cavalry hovered about our rear being in cir- culation, the strictest prec~utions were taken against an emergency. Lieutenant-Colonel bolt ordered the arms to he loaded and the mnen to be kept on a continual alert. These orders were strictly complied with, but nothing of imuportance occurred. rplie train was halted on the arrival at Gum Springs in the evening, and the regiLnentencaIn~)ed near the wagons of the traimi where it remained till the 21st day of June, when orders were received to rejoin the brigade, which was comuplied with a.t 8 a. ~i. that day. The line of march was again taken up at 1() a. m. on the 25th of June. Crossed the Potomac River at Edwards Ferry on pontoons, proceed d aloag the Chesapeake an(l Ohio Canal, and arrived at Aqueduct Bridge at I a. m. the 26th of June, under a yery heavy rain-storm, where a bivouac was made. The line of marc Page 203 CHAP. LXIII.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 203 was again taken up at 7 a. m. on the 26th. The roads being in a bad condition and the weather bad, the progress was slow and difficult. Crossed the Baltimore and Ohio Itajiroad and halted for that ~iight in the vicinity of it. Left on the morning of the 27th, passed through Jefferson City, Md., and arrived near Middletown. Ad., at 7 p. In. Started early next morning (the 28th) nn(i ])rocPedd on the macadam- ized road through Frederick, Md., and baited about seven miles beyond that city for the night. Broke np next morning, June 29, and pass- ing through Woodville an(1 Middleborough. Md., left the macadamized road and proceeded about one mile on a country road leadiiig to the frontier of Pennsylvania, where the regiment bivouacked for the night. Left at an early hour next morning and passing through Taneytown, Md., encamped two miles beyond. The line of march was again taken up on the 1st day of July, h863, passed through Emmitsburg, Md., at 10 a. in., crossed the frontier of Pennsylvania early iii the afternoon, and arrived at Gettysburg, Pa., at 12 p. m. the same (lay. The morning of the memnor ble 2d of July opened and the men, anticipating an engagement, were cleaning their guns, adjusting their cartridges, and making every other i)repalatloil for the connug conflict with a cheerfulness and good will never before surpassed. Early in the morning the regiment was drawn up in line of l)atthe, variously chang- ing position, when at about 1 p. in. the batt lion being formed in close column by division it was advanced to the support of the first line of battle, which was then hotly en~ aged with the enemy. The enemy evidently espying our position, opened a vigorous fire of artillery on us, throwing shot and shell with such an accuracy into the midst of this regiment that Colonel Holt deemed it advisable to advance the regi- ment out of range of the enemys guns. After advancing about fifty paces the men were ordered to lie down. The enemy here also directed his fire with remarkably good aim, compelling the battalion to seek a more sheltered place some distance in front. Several shells exploding among the regiment, Colonel ill-jolt again advanced, and had scarcely reached a new position when orders were received to deploy on the road in front of it, on the right of the Twenty-sixth liegiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, of the First Brigade, this division, and in the rear of the First Itegiinent Massachusetts Volanteers, of the same brigade. There being a remnant of a fence in close proximity Colonel ilolt immediately had breast-works erected (using fence rails for that pur- pose). The men worked with an alacrity I scarcely ever before wit- nessed. The First Massachusetts Volunteers meanwhile being engaged in our immediate front, several men in this regiment were wounded by chance shots. The reoimnent was then ordered to lie down behind the erected breast-works, which they had scarcely done, when an order was received to change front and to form in the rear of the Fourth Excel- sior, which at the time was engaged with the enemy. This regiment being in the immediate rear of the Fourth Excelsior, Colonel Liolt gave the order to fire left oi)lique, there being an open space on the left of the Fourth Excelsior, through which the reghuent - could fire without endangering our own troops. The regiments in our front were subse- quently compelled to fall back on our regiment, which had now, the front being clear, commenced a (hirect fire, until ordered to retreat slowly, which they did, continually firing in retreat. Meanwhile the rest of the brigade having rallied in the rear of our position, we were formed on their line of battle and again advanced. On the way toward the front several 12-pounder brass guns were detected between the two contending forces, when a detachment of this regiment voluntarily seized the ropes, and after pulling two of them into our lines, dehivered Page 204 204 MD. , E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIt. them to Captaiu McClellan, chief of staff of General Tlnmphreys. This act was performed nuder a vigorous fire of the enemy and several offi- cers and men were wounded. In the charge following the retirement of our troops ninety-two prisoners were captured and turned over by the men of this regiment to Major Bull, provost-marshal of the Second Corps. Among the prisoners captured was the adjutant of the Twenty- second Georgia Volunteers, C. S. Army, on whom, on being searched, were found important papers which were giveui over to Brigadier- General ilumplireys in persoii. The enemy having been driven from the position he occupied, the battalion received orders to retire to the second line of battle, after the compliance of which night set in and the men were cautioned to rest on their arms. The casualties during this engagement were as follows: One officer killed and five officers wounded, namely: Capt. William II. Chester, killed, and Capt. F. E. Tyler and First Lient. Willard Bullard, wounded, Second Lieuts. Charles G. Summers and Charles Dussuet, wounded. Asst. Surg. Joseph D. Stewart, wounded; 3 sergeants, 4 corporals, and 4 privates killed~ 12 sergeants, 16 corporals, 38 privates, wounded; 3 privates missing. On the morning of the 3d of July, the battle having recommenced, the regiment was again formed in line of battle behind a fence in front of our position and remained under a very brisk artillery fire of the enemy for about one hour, when the regiment was marched to the rear in order to obtain provisions, after which it was agaiu moved to the front and formed on the left of the First Division, this corps. Staid there until the afternoon and then moved up to the support of a battery and remained under a heavy shelling of the enemy for several hours. Two men were wounded. The regiment was marched into a piece of woods for the night. F~eceived orders toward 9 oclock iiext morning, July 4, 1863, to proceed to the right of our front, and remained there as support for the pickets until late in the afternoon, when we were with- drawn and bivouacked on an open field and on the left of our late posi- tion for the following night. Details were also sent out to identify the killed of the regirnemit and bury them. During the day of the 5th of July men were also sent out to pick up arms and accouterments which they might see lying round on the battle-field. On the morning of the 6th of July received orders to move, which were, however, counter- manded after the column had moved but a few hundred yards. It was accordingly countermarched to the position previously occupied. The total loss at Gettysburg was as follows: ci ii a Q . F-c a u a 0 Kille(l or died from wounds received i 11 12 V[ounded 5 68 73 Missing 3 3 Total 6 82 88 The line of march was agaiu taken. up on the morning of July 7, at 4 oclock; passed through Eunmitsburg, Md., after recrossing the frontier of Pennsylvania, and through Mechanicsville, Md., and bivouacked for the night about half a mile beyouid tlmat town. Left in the morning of the 8th, at 6 oclock, repassed Mechaimicsville and Frederick, Md., and bivouacked two miles beyond that town for the miight. Broke up next morning (on time 9th), passed through Middletown, Md., and bivouacke Page 205 CHAP. LXIII.] GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 205 for the night on South Mountain. Started again ill the morning of the 10th, passed Mount Carmel Church, through Keedysville, crossed Little and Big Antietam Creeks, and bivouacked for the following night on the Antietam battleileld. July11 passed through Sharpsburg, Md., an(l staid that night some distance beyond it. Took ill) the line of march again on the 12th day of July and stopped for the night within sup- porting distance of the Twelfth Corps. Moved up to the intrenchmeuts on the 13th, where we remained until the afternoon, when we again moved to the road on our right, on which we proceeded some distance and then encamped. iRemained there on the 14th. Orders were pro- mulgated on the 15th in the morning to move. Took up the line ot march again, and passing through Fairplay, Md., moved on the turn- pike to Sharpsburg, passed through that town, and encamped two miles beyond it for the night. The weather was extremely hot and sultry, and several men were sunstruck during that days march. Left again on the morning of the 16th, and passing through Pleasant Valley encamped within sight of the fortifications of Maryland Heights and four miles from Harper~5 Ferry. Before leaving the loyal States I must remark that the people of both Pennsylvania and Maryland welcomed us wher- ever we passed with apparent .joy, displaying the Stars and Stripes and singing national songs. They also aided us in every possible way, some- times sacrificing their own comforts for that of the troops. Crossed the Potomac amid into Virginia on the 17th of July in the afternoon, and staid that night about three miles beyond Harpers Ferry. Moved again at 4 a. m. on the 18th of July, and passing through Londoun Val- ley encamped near Hillsborough, Va. Took up our line of march on the 19th and halted one mile beyond Berryville, Va. Started again on the morning of the 20th toward Snickers Gap, turned off near Snick- ersville to the left, marched along the Blue Ridge Mountains, and remained that night near Upperville, Va. Staid there during the day of the 21st of July and until noon of the 22d of July, when we marched toward Piedmont Station, Va., where we bivouacked for the night. O~im the morning of the 23d orders were received to move. The regi- inent was consequently decamuped at 4 oclock in the morning and marched on the road toward Manassas Gap, where we arrived at about I p. m. Here again, in anticipation of an engagement, the so-often-tried veterans of this regiment were sna~)ping caps, cleaning and preparing their arms for the soon-to come trial. After a short delay, occasioned by the skirmishing in front, the regiment was formed in close column by division and advanced toward the mountains. My pen can hardly describe the difficulty of ascending and desceiiding the two gigantic mountains which lay on the road to the front; addim~g to it a big swamp at the foot of the second mountain, which this regiment had to pass. I may justly add that none but the often-tried heroes could have l)assed through the fatigues of such a march and accomplish what they subse- quently did. After passing through the swamp and ascending ammother less steep mountain, the regiment was halted and time allowed to those men to join who had not been able to follow up with the same rapidity with which the head of the column had marched, of which opportunity they availed themselves. The columun was then deployed amid marched left in front through a ravine and then fronted and formed in the bri- gade line. The men were cautioned to load their pieces and after a short stay they were ordered to charge bayonets. Though I never doubted their courage, the effect which this order had on the men by far sur- l)assed my expectations. They charged over oiie and then another hill with an endurance rarely witnessed. Using their hands to aid their progress they at last reached the summit of the hill on which the enem Page 206 206 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXJIL was stationed and, charging, drove them from their positioii. In utter confusion the enemy threw away arms and accouterments and left us in possession of the field, the killed and wounded, and several prisoners. They were pursued by our men, who continually fired at the foe. Night set in and prevented further movements. A detachment of this regi- merit was then deployed as skirmishers, while the rest were ordered to sleep on their arms. Among the casualties in this engagement I regret to announce the (heath of two of the best officers of this regiment, First Licut. Charles S. Preston and Second Lient. James Short. Total loss of the regiment at Wapping Heights, July 23, 18G3. a ~ ~i2 a a C ~ ~ H S a ~ ~ H HO P~ ~ IKilled or died from wounds received 2 2 4 Wounded 2 2 3 7 Total 2 2 2 5 11 Started on the morning of the 24th of July in liursuit of the enemy, and after proceeding some distance on the road to Front Royal, Va., deployed in line of battle on a field to the left of the road and advanced toward that place, which we reached at about 12 m. After proceeding about a mile beyond Front Royal orders were received to countermarch, and the regiment accordingly returned on the same road and halted for the night at Markham Station after a very severe march, the weather being extremely hot and the men without rations. On the 25th day of July, while on the march to Salem, Va., the column was baited in air open field and rations were drawn for the men, after which we again left and bivouacked the following night at White Plains. The hue of march was again taken up on the 26th4; we marched through Warren- tong Va., and encamped about one mile beyond it until the 1st day of Au gust, 1863, wheir we broke up camp and l)1o(eeded to oirr preseiit l)osition. During this last march, Colonel hlolt having left for New York on detached duty, I, being the senior officer present, was in command of the regiment. In reviewing the operations of this regiment, performed since the beginning of this campaign and up to thre time of our arrival here, I can state that the members of itofficers and men are deserving of much praise for the gallantry with which they have gone through so many hardships, suffering from the weather, want of clothing, and hunger. I regret to say that, owing to inefficiency or neglect of the officer in charge of the commissary departmefit of this brigade, the officers of this re~iment were only very seldom allowed the privilege due to them of purchasing stores from that department, which certainly caused suffering and dissatisfaction among the members con- cerned, and through the inefficieiircy of another officer the allowance of clothing and company stores was insufficicist, the baggage wagons hav- ing been sent to the rear on leaving camp and subsequeirtly burned, thus depriving us of necessary change .of clothing, & c., and embarrassing company commanders greatly in settling their accounts and furnishiug reports daily required from different sources. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, LOVELL PUIIDY, JR., Gapt., Fifth Excelsior, Oomdg. & vertty-fourth Ecyt. New York Tfols. [27. Page 207 CHAP. LXIII.] MORGANS OHIO RAID. 207 JULY 226, 1863.Morgans Raid in Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio. Report of Col. Rutherford B. Hayes, Twenty-third Ohio Infantry. IIDQRS. FIRST BRIG., THIRD Div., EIGHTH ARMY CORPS, Camp White, W. Ira., July 23, 1363. SIR: In obedience to orders from General Scammon, two regiments of the brigade under my command, viz, Twenty-third Ohio and Thir- teenth Virginia Volunteers, marched from Fayetteville on the evening of the 16th instant, ei route for the Ohio Piver, to aid in preventing the escape of the rebel forces under General Morgan. We reached Gallipolis by steam-boats from Loop Creek at daylight on the morning of the 18th; thence we proceeded up the Ohio to Porneroy. At this point General Morgan attempted to force a passage over the Ohio, on the 18th. By direction of General Scammon, the Twenty-third Ohio, under Lieutenant-Colonel Coinly, and the Thirteenth Virginia, under comman(I of Colonel Jones of General Scainmons staff, were marched to the roads on which Morgan was attempting to reach the river. On the approach of the rebels these regiments formed in line of battle, and with four companies throwi forward as skirmishers, advanced to meet the enemy, who were dismounted and also formed in line of battle. A short skirmish eusned, when the rebels retreated, hastily mounted their horses, and pushed on up the Ohio. Our loss was one wounded, Cor- poral Clemons, Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Volnnteer Infantry. Time enemy lost 5 killed and 16 wounded left on the field. The troops were immediately embarked on transports and steamed np the Ohio to Buf- tington Island, where Morgan, on the morning of the 19th instant, again attempted to cross, but was defeated by the cavalry under General Judah, and the gun-boats under Captain Fitch. The infantry under my command were present in time to witness the defeat of the enemy, but not in time to render important assistance. On the 19th my com- mand went up the Ohio to llockingport. The Twenty-third Regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Comly, scouted the woods in pursuit of the enemy and captured a large number of prisoners and horses. During the night of the 19th the two regiments were deployed on the Virginia shore for a distance of five miles, to prevent the emienmy from crossing. It is believed that no rebels succeeded in crossing during the night, although attempts were made to do so. On the 21st instant we started on our return, and re ched this camp at 10 a. mu. on the 22d instant. The total number of prisoners reported to these headquarters, captured by the troops under my command, was 208, of whom were commis- sioned officers. No full report of captured horses has yet been made; the number will exceed lifty. A quantity of arms and cavalry equip- mneuts were also captured. The troops under my command, it is believed, prevented the rebels from crossing the Ohio at Ponmeroy, and gave important aid to those engaged in intercepting them at points higher up on the river. It is proper to add that General Scaummon arid staff were with the advance during time whole of time expedition, and that all the nmovc~neits referred to in this report were directed by the general. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. B. HAYES, Colonel, Commanding. Capt. JAMES L. BOTSFORD, Asst. Adjt. Gem., Thir~ 1)irision, Eighth Army Corps. [23. Page 208 208 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [ChAP. LXIII. NOVEMBER 26DECEMBER 2,1863.The Mine Run (Virginia) Campaign. Report ef Col. Clement A. Erctns, Thirty-first Georgia Infantry.* HEADQUARTERS GORDONS BRH~ADE, January 21, 1864. MAJoR: On the 26th of November, 1863, this brigade, in obedience to orders, moved from its camp near Somerville Ford to the old turnpike road, about one mile west of Mine Run, and picketed various roads by regiments during the night. On the morning of next day advanced across Mine ilun and came in contact with the enemy at Locust Grove. The Sixtieth Georgia Regiment, Maj. W. B. Jones commanding, was deployed as skirmishers; advanced and engaged the skirmishers of the enemy, driving them nearly upon the main line, and held their position during the day. The casualties of this regiment in this affair was: Killed, 3; wounded, 15; missing, 13; total, 31. During the night our line of battle was withdrawn to the west side of Mine Run, about half a mile distant, where position was a~.ain taken and fortified. Eight com- panies of the Sixty-first Georgia Regiment, Lieut. Col. C. W. McArthur commanding, covered the brigade front as skirmishers. The enemy followed, crossed a heavy line of skirmishers in front of Earlys divis- ion, drove in our skirmishers, but the lost ground was soon recovered, the enemy again retiring their skirmishers beyond the run. The loss of the Sixty-first Georgia Regiment in this skirmish was: Killed, 1; wounded, 10; missing, 8; total, 19. On the 29th and 30th no operations of any importance, and on the 2d of December, being discovered that the enemy had retreated, the brigade as part of the division pursued, but without results, as the enemy had crossed the Rapidan. On the same day the brigade returned to its former camp. C. A. EVANS, Colonel, Commanding. Maj. J. W. DANIEL, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Earlys Division. HEADQUARTERS GORDONS BRIG-ADE, January 22, 1864. MAJOR: In compliance with your note just received, I respectfully add the following to my within report: On the 26th of November, 1863, four regiments of this brigade, viz, the Sixtieth Georgia, Major Jones commanding, time Sixty-fl rst Georgia, Colonel Lamar commanding, the Thirteenth Georgia, Colonel Smith commanding, and the Thirty-eighth Georgia, Lieutenant-Colonel Davant commanding, were marched to the junction of the Zoar Church and Fredericksburg road, and the following dispositions made: The Thirty-eighth Georgia was posted on the old turnpike about one- quarter of a mile beyond the junction referred to. The Sixtieth Georgia and Sixty-first Georgia were posted on the road leading from New Verdierville to Locust Grove. The Thirteenth Georgia was posted on the plank road about one mile east of Verdierville. None of these regiments were relieved or re-enforced until they all marched on the 27th to Locust Grove. On the day first mentioned the Twenty- sixth Georgia Regiment, Colonel Atkinson commanding, was on picket at Robertsons Ford, and the Thirty-first Georgia Regiment, commanded by myself, was ordered to take position near the ford to support Colone.l Atkinson, if necessary. I was placed in command of both regiments, and about dark was directed to return my regiment to camp. When nearly at camp I received another order from the brigadier-general commanding the division to take the Twenty-sixth Georgia as soon as * See also Gordons report, Vol. XXIX, Part I, p. 843 Page 209 CHAP. LXIII.] RECONNAISSANCE TO WOODVILLE, VA. 209 it was relieved and my own regiment and rejoin the brigade. I corn- inunicated the order to Colonel Atkinson immediately, and as soon as be was relieved and had joined me with his regiment (which was about 10 p. in.), I marched both regiments and reported, with the orders I had received, to Brigadier- General Gordon. I am, major, yours, very respectfully, C. A. EVANS, [Maj. J. W. DANIEL.] Colonel, Commanding. [29.] DECEMBER 6, 1863.Reconnaissance to Woodville, Va. keport c~f Cot. Thomas C. Devin, Sixth New York Caratry, command ing brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST CAVALRY DIVISION, December 6, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that at 12 m. this day, in pur- suance of orders, I dispatched Captain Corrigan, with thirty-two men of Ninth New York Cavalry, accompanied by Lieutenant Cating, of my staff; with orders to proceed in the direction of Woodville and ascertain whether any force was or had been moving in the direction of that place or Sperryville. The party proceeded up the Sperryville pike to Hazel River, crossing at the covered bridge; thence to the left to State Mills; thence to Mount Lebanon Church; thence to Woodville. On the road Lieutenant Cating pursued and captured one private of the Sixth Virginia Cavalry, who stated that there were forty of the enemy in Woodville. The party charged in the town, but found no one there; nor had there been any except oiie or two, who lied on the approach of the party. At this place they picked up a negro just front Sperryville, who stated that no force was or had been there except the squadron of cavalry that has been there constantly. He states that there is a guer- rilla force about one mile and a half from Woodville, who have a num- ber of Union prisoners and horses. As it was now dark, the party were obliged to return. The inhabitants all stated that there was no force nearer than the Little Forks, near the meeting-house on the road from Madison Court-House to Sperryville. The party, on their return on the pike, found that the bushwhackers had been busy in their rear and had torn up the bridge over the run at Little Boston and the cov- ered bridge over hazel River. At both places they were attacked from the woods on each side and on the hill above the road, which passes through a defile, but the darkness favored them as well as the enemy, whose ammunition also seemed poor. The party succeeded in fording the river, losing but one horse killed. Not a man was hurt. The party exceeded their orders in going to a distance which precluded their return before dark, but their object was praiseworthy (although its execution was attended with great danger), as, without reaching Wood- yule, from the nature of the country and roads, the reconnaissance would not have been complete, as it now certainly is, and Captain Cor- rigan and Lieutenant Cating are entitled to great credit for their cool- ness and perseverance. Not a horse was blown, although the party~ marched thirty-two miles from 12 m. until 10 p. m. 1 am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. C. DEVIN, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. T. C. BACON, Assistant Adjutant-General. [29.] 14 R RYOL LI, PT Page 210 210 MD., F. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. DECEMBER 18, 1863.Skirmish at Indiantown, or Sandy Swamp, N. C. Beport of Capt. George B. Cock, F~Jth U. S. Colored Troops. INTRENCHED CAMP NEAR NORFOLK, VA December 29, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of action and casnalties sustained by a detachment of the Fifth Regiment U. S. Col- ored Troops, nuder my command, at Sandy Swamp, near Indiantown, N. C., on the 18th instant: The detachment consisted of four companies, numbering near 200 men. Of these one company was detached as rear guard. At about 11 a. in., while on the march, Lieutenant Bennett, commanding the van- guard, reported to Captain Jones, command ing a detachment in the advance, that the enemy was near. The detachments were then halted while the vanguard went forward to reconnoiter. Scarcely had we halted, however, when a volley was fired upon us from a dense thicket of pines, distant 400 yards, by which 2 men were killed, 1 mortally and 1 severely wounded. 1 immediately commanded the men to lie down and fire on the enemy from behind the fence, which was obeyed in time [to] escape a second volley. For a few minutes the firing was rapid and general on both sides. Two companies were then sent out to the right and one to the left to flank them, while I was to attack them in front. I immediately moved by the road in front of the thicket, commanded fix bayonets, and moved by the right flank into the pines, but the enemy had fled. We then returned, picked up our dead and wounded, and continued the march. The casualties sustained by my compmand were as follows: Privates, Richard H. Fox and Jeremiah Franklin, killed; Jordon Dorton, shot in the neck, mortally wounded, died the following morning; David Quan, shot through the right lung; all of Company C-, Fifth Regiment U. S. Colored Troops. The behavior oj~ the men while under fire was good. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. B. COCK, Captain Company U, Fifth U. S. Colored Troops. Brig. C-en. L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General U. S. Army. [29.] JANUARY ~223, 1864.Scout from Manassas Junction to Middleburg, Va. Report of Maj. George H. Covode, Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH PENN8YLVANIA CAVALRY, Bristoe Station, T7a., January 24, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of a scout sent out from Manassas Junction under the command of Capt. R. ID. Martin: He started from camp at Manassas and took the road to Sudleys Mills on Catharpin Run, about twelve miles froum camp in a northwest- erly direction. When he arrived at that place he saw two mounted men, apparently soldiers. He immediately charged with a portion of his men, when they ran. His men, following rapidly, fired several times at them, but they escaped by dismounting and leaving their horses, which he captured, the men escaping through the woods. He then advanced with his commnand in the direction of Aldie, crossing the run, and after marching about a mile came in sight of three mounte Page 211 Ca& p. LXIII.] SKIRMISH NEAR WAYNE COURT-HOUSE, W. VA. 211 men, who ran for about half a mile, when they also dismonnted and. escaped to the woods, when he took possession of the horses. Nothing of importance transpired until he arrived at a point abont one mile this side of Aldie, where there is a tanyard. He was informed by a colored woman that rebel soldiers had been receiving leather froni that place. He could not find any finished leather, but the vats were all full. There are five or six men at work there. He then passed through Aldie, where no thing of importance transpired, but was informed that rebel soldiers were in the habit of passing through the town nearly every day. He stopped the command, fed the horses, and then pro- ceeded to Middlebnrg, a distance of about seven miles from Aldie, on the Winchester turnpike. After going about two miles he came in sight of several mounted men (apparently soldiers), who ran as soon as they discovered his command. He sent a squad of men after them, ordering not to follow any farther than a bridge this side of Middle- burg, where he formed his command and charged through the town. While there he heard heavy cannonading iiii the direction of Winches- ter. He saw about eight soldiers going out of the town in the direction of Upperville. His command was not large enough to surround the town, which might have enabled him to capture the entire party. Thinking that his command was too small to advance any farther, and in consideration that the 1orses were very much fatigued, he returned to camp by the way of Centerville, fimiding nothing of importance. He rested his command for about four hours near the so-called double tollgate on the Fairfax pike, and arrived in camp on the 23d about 10 a. in., making the march (a distance of sixty muiles) in thirty hours. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. COYOI)E, ]Iiliajor, Commanding Regiment. Maj. ROBERT A. McCoy [33JActg Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Division, Fifth Army Corps. JANUARY 27, 1864.Skirmish near Wayne Court-House, W. Va. Report of Capt. John S. Witcher, Third West Virginia Cavalry. BARBOURSYILLE, W. VA., January 29, 18G4. SIR: I have thehonortoreportthat inpursuancetoorders receivedfrom you on the 27th instant I marched at daylight on the 27th with twenty- five men of my company in pursuit of a body of rebels who were reported to be in the vicinity of Guyandotte. I marched to (3-nyandotte, crossed the suspension bridge, and went up to the mouth of Russells Creek, about one mile above the mouth of Guyandotte River. I there learned that a body of rebels under the command of the notorious Capt. Hurston Spurlock had been there and after capturing Mr. Smith, the deputy sheriff of Cabell County, whom they robbed of about $500, and Mr. Wright, commissioner of the revenue of Cabell County, Johmn Ferguson, a magistrate, and four or five veteran soldiers of the Fifth and Ninth Virginia Volunteers, they had left the neighborhood, taking the direct road to Wayne Court-House. I pursued them until I came to the forks of the road about two miles and a half from Guyandotte. I there found that they had divided their force, one party going on the Beach Fork road and the other the forks of Twelve Pole road. From the best information that I could obtain at this point, I was satisfied that the largest party had gone by the Twelve Pole road; this party numbere Page 212 212 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXJJL about thirty men. My force not being large enough to divide, I pushed on after this party with my whole command. I came up with them about 10 oclock at Squire Barbours (whom they had just arrested),, about six miles from Wayne Court-House, the headquarters of the rebel Colonel Ferguson. I found Captain Spurlock here, strongly posted on a hill with thirty men. I immediately charged his position, firing briskly as I advanced, and after a spirited skirmish lasting about half an hour the rebels gave way and fled in all directions through the woods. I ordered a vigorous pursuit, and two of my men, recognizing Captain Spurlock with five of his men, gave chase, and after pursuing them about a mile succeeded in capturing Captain Spurlock and killing one of his men. Captain Spurlock fought bravely, firing at us every opportunity. He shot one of my horses five times with his own hand. The result of the engagement was the capture of Capt. Hurston Spurlock and 4 of his men, killing 3, recapturing 2 soldiers of the Ninth Virginia Volunteers and 2 citizens. I also captured 10 Enfield rifles, 5 revolvers, and 3 horses. I learned from the prisoners that they had sent Mr. Smith, the sheriff Mr. Wright, the commissioner, and Squire Ferguson to Wayne Court-House by the other route thus preventing their recapture; they had also disposed of the money and papers taken from Mr. Smith by sending them by another route. Lieutenant-Colonel Hall, with a detach- ment of the Thirteenth Virginia Infantry, came up just after the engage- ment, but our united forces being small, lie deemed it prudent not to advance nearer to Wayne Court House, and ordered me to return to Barboursville, which place I reached about sunset, having traveled about forty miles in twelve hours without stopping long enough to get anything to eat for either men or horses. I was compelled to swim the Guyandotte River on my return, in doing which I had one horse drowimed. Very respectfully, J. S. WITCHER, Captain, Commanding Company U, Third Virginia Cavalry. Col. W. H. BROWN, Commanding. [33.J FEBRUARY 14, 1864.Affair near Brentsville, Va. Report of Capt. James Carte, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, Provost- Marshal. HEADQUARTERS PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES, OFFIcE OF PROVOST-MARSHAL, Camp at Bristoe AStation, Va., February 14, iSGI. SIR: At 1 p. m. to-day I accompanied a detachment of twenty-five men from the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Lieutenant Earley, with orders from General Crawford to cross Cedar Run beyond Brentsville, and to scout through the country from a mile to a mile ammd a half beyond that place if safety would apparently permnit. While passing through Brentsville one of fonr men sent iii advance rode back and reported three rebel soldiers having mini fromn the town into a thicket of pines in the direction of Cedar Hun, some few rods farther on. Upon arriving at this thicket four men were disinnounted to examine through it, and the balance of the party, except three mcii to lead the ltorse~ of the dismounted and to guard at the bridge on the side Q Page 213 CHAP. LXITJ.1 AFFAIR NEAR BRENTSVTLLE, VA. 213 Breiitsville, proceeded on the road to C~O5S the bridge, the condition of which would permit the crossing only in single file. When the head of the column had reached the opposite side several shots were fired from a thicket of pines a few rods in advance to the right of the road, and being in an exposed position which afforded no chance to oppose the adversary, the head of the column (about eight persons) who had crossed with the officer in charge dashed rapidly forward to a point opposite the thicket, about fifteen rods beyond, where it terminates to a point extending toward the bridge, when Major Larrimer, who accom- panied the expedition, and two men fell killed and four were wounded by a volley (apparently from carbines) proceeding from the thicket. This brought the party to a halt, except two officers (the one in com- mand) and one man, who had gone so far and were under such head- way as to make it prudent to go ahead, which they did, passing the enemy masked close to the road on their right. Being thus separated from the officer in command, I assumed command of the party (consist- ing then of thirteen men) and went back to the terminus of this neck of timber, intending to a(lvance along on its right to endeavor to get a view of the rebels and if possible to cut off their retreat and attack them, but the men evinced much reluctance and hesitancy in following, and it was only by force that a party would go dismounted through the thicket to where the major was lying, upon which being done, however, he was found to have been stripped of his boots, and the enemy had gone (apparently retired) to a more elevated position a little farther on, as vedettes could be seen at various points and in different directions. At first I thought to pursue and attack them, but the other officers, Captain iResticaux and Lieutenants Scudder, S chutt, and Quail, de- nouncing the policy of doing so with so small a party, and consider- ing the diffidence evinced by the men from the beginning, I deemed it expedient to return to Brentsville, where I posted the men and came into camp to report to General Crawford, who ordered out two com- panies of infantry and all the available cavalry force attached to his headuarters to pursue the enemy. We went this time about five miles beyond Brentsville, encountering no obstacle, when it became dark and we returned to camp, having seen no traces of the enemy beyond where the skirmish had ensued except fresh tracks of horses upon different by-roads, indicating their departure in groups of from three to five each. It is impossible to judge what force they may have had con- cealed, but I doubt whether those engaged exceeded our own number. Our casualties were 1 officer and 2 men killed and 4 men wounded. The enemys could not be determined, there being one dead body on the ground and traces (by pools of blood) of some two others having lain and being carried off. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES CAIRLE, Captain and Provost-i arshal, Third Division, Fifth Gorps. Maj. It. A. McCoy, Acty. Asst. Adjt. Gem, Third Division, Fifth Corps. [33.] Report of Maj. Michael Kerwin, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. HDQRS. THIRTEENTH IIEGT. PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, Bristoc, Va., February 14, 1864. MAJOR: I have the honor to report that, in compliance with orders from headquarters detailing one commissioned officer and twenty-fiv Page 214 214 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXHL men to report to Captain Cane, provost-marshal of division, I detailed Lieut. P. S. Earley to report, who, upon reporting, proceeded in the direction of Brentsville, and when about one mile from that place, across the Broad Run bridge, his command was attacked by the enemy. Major I~arrimer (staff officer) ordered him to charge the enemy, which he did, killing some 5 of them, with a loss of 3 killed (1 major and 2 privates) and 3 wounded; none captured. We also lost fonr horses killed. The enemy fired from an ambuscade in the pine woo(ls on the right of the road. The horses of his command were taken from the unserviceable ones of the regiment in order to furnish the detail, and consequently were totally unfit to move and unable to attack a superior force of the enemy. Re-enforcements being ordered, I proceeded with the balance of the command and scoured the country some six miles beyond Broad Run without being able to meet the enemy and returned to camp, arriving at 8 p. in. I have the honor to be, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. KERWIN, Major, Commandinq Thirteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry. Maj. R. A. MCCOY, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [33.] FEBRUARY 2526, 1864.Scout from Vienna to Farmwell Station, Va. Report of iLaj. Casper Crowninshield, Second Massachusetts Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS SECOND MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY, Vienna, Va., February 26, 1864. Sin: I have the honor to report that pursuant to orders received from Colonel Lazelle, commanding cavalry brigade, I left this camp at 7 a. m. February 25 with the following force: Second Massachusetts, 200; Sixteenth New York, 200; TI iirteenth New York, 125; total, 525 men. I marched up the pike to Dranesville, where a large force of the enemy were said to have been the day before. On the way up one or two rebel cavalrymen were seen on the hills on the right of the pike. At iDranesville, having satisfied myseli that no large force of the enemy had been in that vicinity sinc~ the day on which Captain Reeds party was attacked, I moved on to Belmont. On the way up I could not hear of any force of the enemy having been seen, except in small parties. I also learned that there was no force of the enemy either at Leesburg or vicinity. I learned that the force which had attacked Captain Reed had gone back toward the Blue Ridge, passing through Middleburg on the afternoon of Monday, the 22d. A Union man who had just come from Aldie said that there was no force of the enemy there or in the vicinity. From Belmont I went to Farmwell Station. Here I heard of a small party of ten rebels having passed down toward Herndon Station that morning. I also crossed Mosbys trail going toward Aldie, after the fight with Captain Reed. From Fanruwell Sta- tion I went to Gum Spring, and here also heard that the rebels had gone through Middleburg with their prisoners on Monday afternoon and had not been back since. At Gum Spring we saw two rebels in the distance. I then marched to Centerville, and thence into camp, reaching camp at a little after 1 oclock this morning. From all that Page 215 CHAP. LXIII.] SKIRMISH NEAR SPRIGGS FORD, VA. 215 can learn, I should judge that Mosby had a force of 300 men, or even more, when he attacked Captain Reed. Many accounts put his force as high as 400 or 500 men. (~ffyregpecc?dr~r, your o6eaYent servant, C. CROWNJNSIIIELD5 Major, Commanding Second Massachusetts Cavalry. Lieutenant STONE, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. FEBRUARY 28, 1864.Skirmish near Spriggs Ford, Va. Report of Licut. Edward OShea, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. THIRTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, Camp near Bristoe Station, Va., February 29, 1864. I have the honor to report that in compliance with orders from divis- ion headquarters I left this camp at 3 a. m. February 28 with a detail of fifty men. By avoiding the road and keeping in the fields I got between l3rentsville an(1 the bridge over Cedar Run, having previously posted guards at every outlet from the town. I then advanced to Brentsville from the bridge and searched every house, but found no enemy. I then crossed the bridge and reconnoitered through the woods; saw nothing of the enemy. Returning to Rrentsville, I took the telegraph road and traveled rapidly to Blands Ford, and after crossing dismounted half my command and scouted that section of country to a place called the Forest, crossing another ford called Spriggs Ford. I crossed this ford about sunrise, and (leploying my men as skirmishers I proceeded to search the Forest and all the houses therein. Here, at a house which I think is the place marked deserted on the map in my possession, a few of my mounted men came in view of a hon~e from whence two bushwhackers emnerged,who, on seeing the sol- diers, made for a pine wood close by, discharging their pistols as they ran, one shot wounding one of the mounted men in the arm while iim the act of (hismoumiting to go in pursuit, it being impossible to bring a horse through so dense a pines. At first sight of the bushwhackers and pie- vious to dismounting, the mounted party, numbering six, discharged their carbines simultaneously with the fire of the bushwhackers pis- tols. By this time I arrived on the 0-round, bringing with me the dis- mounted men with whom I was scouting in another direction, from which direction I changed my course to that from whence came the reports of the eight shots. I got a view of the enemy whilst making through the woods and poured a volley of twenty shots after him, some of which I believe took effect, for one of the bushwhackers jumped some two feet fromn the ground and lost his hat, which was immediately picked up by my men. The bushwhackers pushed their way through an almost impassable swamp, when they succeeded in getting beyond our view. We saw no more of them, though making a diligent and thorough search. I captured 1 horse and horse equipments, 1 saber, 1 Spring- field rifle, 1 officers hat, which formerly belonged to an officer in the First Division, Second Corps; 4 oummces coffee, such as is furnished by U. S. commissary. The two men had but one horse. From inquiries made believe one of time bushwhackers name is Higgison. He has Page 216 216 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. house near Spriggs Ford at the mill. His wife resides there, but he is never at home when I get there. The property captured has been turned over to the quartermaster. Arrived in camp at 12 m. Dis- tance traveled twenty miles. I am, major, most respectfully, your obedient servant. EDWA1~D OSHEA, Lieut., Comdy. Company L, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Maj. IR. A. MCCOY, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. MARCH 8, 1864.Scout from Bristoe Station to Brentsville, Va. Report of Capt. A ndrew II. ]Jilicffenry, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. CAMP NEAR BRIsToE STATION, March 8, 1864. I have the honor to report that in compliance with your order (verbal) I proceeded from this camp at 6.40, instant, with a detail of forty mounted cavalry from various companies of this (Thirteenth) regiment, with one sergeant from Company H. Proceeded about south by south- east to and through a part of improved country that is known as the Jersey Settlement; then moved eastward by private roads over plantations, crossing Kettle and Cedar Runs. The latter is a large stream. After crossing two or more roads, public, leading northward, at about nine miles by route came in a public road. At about ten miles came a place called Coles Store. The improvements here are two dwellings, one small store-house, a shop, and small church contiguous. The country so far is comparatively open, but few if any places in which an ambuscade could be formed or a surprise made by an enemy. The country has about 95 per cent. of the whole area cleared and the greater part grown up with pine, red, and black oak. Searched the houses generally so far, but found nothing deemed contraband. Mr. Cole and one very aged man reside here. Mr. Cole informed me that some three days prior a number of rebel cavalry passed there in squads, the whole amounting to 200 or 300. From this took the public road leading north- westward in the direction of Manassas. At about one mile on this road, at a house said to be occupied by a Union man, was informed that the rebels had maintained a picket-post for about one day and a half. Along this road to near Cedar Run bridge is skirted with small ~ecoud- growth pines on either side, generally t~vorable for bushwhackers to carry out their mode of warfare. Approached the Cedar Ru~~ with caution, reconnoitered the position, then crossed by twos. Came to Brentsville, examined the place, found five houses occupied, including the jail. But two men reside in this town; the court-house has but a part of the roof remaining on; the houses are generally in ruins. The town stands on an elevation, said to be five miles from Coles Store, nineteen miles to Potomac via Dumnfries. From this came to the Jersey Settlement, from thence to camp, not having met or seen any enemy in arms. Respectfully submitted. A. H. MdHENRY, Captain Company (5, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry Page 217 CHAP. LXIIT.1 SKIRMISH YEAR GREENWICH, VA. 217 NOTE.Arrived at Coles Store 10.13 a. m. Whole distance traveled about twenty miles. Arrived in camp at 2.30 p. in. Rain falling nearly the whole time of travel. A. H. MdIIENRY, Captain, {c. Maj. MICHAEL KERWIN, Commanding Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. 1~ARCH 9, 1864.Skirmish near Greenwich, Va. Report of ]IfaJ. Michael Ker win, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. HDQRs. THIRTEENTH REGT. PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, Bristoe Station, Va., March 9, 1864. MAJOR: I have the honor to report that Lieutenant White with a detachment of forty men left this camp at 7 a. in., proceeding in the direction of Greenwich near which place he was attacked by the enemy, consisting of Mosbys command, Fourth Virginia Cavalry, and Chincapin Rangers, numbering in all some 200 men. One of Lieu- tenant Whites command succeeded in effecting his escape to camp, reporting the circumstances of the attack to me. I immediately ordered Lieut. Ed. OShea to report the circumstances to you, and in obedience to the order of the colonel commanding the division, I repaired with the whole available force remaining in camp, numbering in all some sixty-five men, to the scene of action, taking the road to Greenwich. When within three miles of the latter 1)lace, observed a squad of about fifte~n rebels upon the top of a hill and about half a mile to the left of the main road. Not knowing but that they might be in force, I deployed a line of skirmishers, advancing cautiously, in the meantime deploying a portion of the command to the left. The woods being very dense, the movement could not, I thought, be observable to them, and calculated getting in their rear. But before the party approached within half a mile of them they left. I then advanced the whole command to Greenwich, feeling the way cautiously. I met on the road three men of Lieutenant Whites command who were wounded, and one who had been captured, confined in a house with an infantry- man captured sometime previously, under the guard of one man. Requesting a drink of water, the sentinel went to a spring some dis- tance away, and x hilst away succeeded in effecting his escape alone, the infantryman not feeling inclined to hazard the attempt. From him we learn the following information, as obtained from the rebel gnard placed over him and his own observation: A party of about forty of Mosbys command charged them in the rear on the road, whilst a party of about fifty advanced in line of battle in rear of the charging ~)arty, other squads lso attacking on the flanks at the same time. The whole rebel force was commanded by Mosby, consisting of the Fourth Virginia, Chincapin Rangers, and forty of Mosbys old com- mand, the latter party proceeding with the prisoners captured throngh Greenwich. The two other columns, the Chincapin Rangers and Fourth Virginia Cavalry, crossed Broad Run, proceeding in the direction of Gainesville. The command remained one hour at Greenwich, during which time I sent parties to reconnoiter the woods in the vicinity. Observing no indications of the enemy, returned, arriving in cam Page 218 218 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. about 6 p. m. The casualties will foot up as follows: Teii missing, 3 wounded (present in camp). I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. KERWIN, Jfajor, Commanding Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Maj. ROBERT A. MCCOY, Ae~ting A ssistant Adjutant- General. [33.] Report of Lieut. Charles A. White, Thirteenth Pennsylvania ~Javalry. CAMP THIRTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, Near Bristoe Station, Va., March 9, 1864. MAJOR: 1 have the honor to inform you that the following are the par. ticulars of the scout made by forty rank and file of the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and under my comm and: I left camp at about 7 a. m. to-day; moved up toward Kokesyille. On coming within a quarter of a mile of that place 1 obliqued to the right, and throwing front and rear guards ont proceeded across the country in ~he (lirection of Greenwich and came out on the Greenwich road about three miles this side of Doctor Paynes house, having thoroughly scoured the roads on the way. Here I halted and with about filteen dismounted men skirmished through a pine woods to the right of the road. Finding no indication of the enemy, mounted and Jnove(l forward very slowly, throwing out flankers to ride through the woods on either side of the road, at the same time keeping the column oft the main road whenever it was practicable. I arrived at Doctor Paynes house at about 10.30 a. m. Here I again halted and sent men to skirmish through the woods, also to search Doctor Paynes house and the outhouses adjoining. Finding nothing to indicate that the enemy had been there, I slowly moved on again. On coming opposite to Doctor I-I uifters house I took sixteen men ail(1 gallopeti forward with them, giving a sergeant colnman(l of the balance of the men (about twelve men); on arriving at the pine woods convenient to Doctor Hunters house, I dismounted the men and proceeded to skirmish through these woods, when, having gone but about 100 yards through them, I heard cheering an(l imiliediately after, firing on the road. Time men holding the horses of those dismounted succeeded in bringing five or six of them to the woods. We theii mounted and came out on the road whemi I saw about fifty of the enemy, mounted and drawn up in Line on a hill northwest of the aforesaid pine woods, and several, I think about thirty, riding about in almost every direction. I then tried fo find the men I left mounted on the road, but could see no one but the enemy in strong force, consisting, as I afterward learned, of the Fourth Virginia Cavalry, MosI)ys guerrillas, an(l those known as the Chincapin Rangers, the whole connuanded by Mosby in l~ersoil. Knowing that 110 good could be (lone with the fPw men I had, I ordered them to get to camp as quickly as possible and notify Major Kerwin of the affair. I met two macu of may command coming out of time woods about two miles amid a half outside our pickets, whom I ordered to catch five riderless horses that came running down the road. Ilere I and these two men renmaimmed until Mn~jor Kerwiim caine up with his command, to ~vhom I reported, and with whom I went to Greenwich. The loss sustained i Page 219 CHAP. LXIII.] SCOUT TO GREENWICH, VA. 219 men and horses is as follows, as far as can be ascertained at present, viz: Mcii wonnded, 3; mis sing, 10. I have the honor to be, yonr obedient servant, CIIA1tLES A. WHITE, First Lieutenant, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Maj. M. KERWIN, Commanding Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. MARCH 11, 1864.Scout from Bristoe Station to Greenwich, Va. Report of Capt. Andrew 1911. Meffenry, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS THIRTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, Camp near Bristoe Station, Va., March 11, 1864. MAJOR: I have the honor to report that in compliance with your order at 7.30 in stant I left this l)ost in command of the available force of the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry now at the post, and proceeded by the route leading to Greenwich Plantation. Upon arriving at the exterior line of our pickets I sent forward Lieutenant OShea, with Company L, as advance guard, with skirmishers at rectangle with the right flank of his command, with instructions to arrest all citizens found on the route. In this way the country was thoroughly scoured, houses examined, and information obtained that could reasonably be done. This was strictly adhered [to] until arriving within the picket- line of the Second Infantry (Regulars) near Catletts Station. The conrse or route from camp was by the road to Greenwich until arriving within about three-quarters of a mile of Observation Mountain (where we saw the rebel cavalry on the 9th instant). From this point digressed to the left, thus avoiding aiiy view that could be taken from Observa tion. Mountain, passing generally through land covered by second- growth timber, in part small pines. About three-fourths of the laud had been originally covered with white oak, was of clay formation, the horses sinking each step from three to five inches in the fiat land. When within about two miles and a quarter of Greenwich crossed a small branch of Kettle Run. Running left a short distance farther, touched on the northern bend of Kettle Run; kept this run to left; raised the ridge. A part of this was red shale soil and firm road. Our skirmishers discovered the place occupied by the rebels on the night of the 8th prior to their attack on our scout. Arrived at Green- wich Church (Episcopal) at 11.06 a. m. Sent out one detachment to Gaines Cross-Roads, New Baltimore pike, with Lieutenant OShea; another detachment with Lieutenant White to the battle-ground of the 9th instant. Diligent search was made for men that might have fallen on the 9th; found none, as all our men are accounted for; nine men made prisoners and taken away; two others were taken and escaped; eleven horses were lost. We ascertained from the people of the coun- try two of the enemy were mortally wounded and one favorite white horse was killed. They report the enemys force consisting of thirty- eight of Mosbys guerrillas, part of the Fourth Virginia Cavalry, and the Chincapin Rangers, numbem-ing from 250 to 300 men. From Green- wich proceeded on the route in the direction of Catletts Station; about two miles was through woo4s of coke-red, white, and black-oak, the land rather sterile and roads or route firm. At about two miles and Page 220 220 MD., B. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. half crossed Kettle Run. About one mile farther crossed the north branch of Cedar Run, passing through cleared land and along a public road until within the picket-line of the Second Regulars near Catletts Station, to the station thence returned to camp by the line of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. Had no information of guerrillas on this route for many months. The people informed us that the Entirtli Virginia Cavalry had orders. to return to Stuarts colllumnd ~ud bid them good-by, and was to meet the Sixth. Virginia Ca~ahx in the mountains (Blue Ridge), by whom they were to be relieved ~.ii ved at camp at 4.15 p. m. Whole distance traveled about thirtN foni i~nles. A. il. MCiIENItXT Captain Company U, Thirteenth Pennsylvania (ci (wy. Maj. MICHAEL KERWIN, Commanding Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. [Indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS THIRTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, March 11, 1864. Approved and respectfully forwarded. One of the twelve horses mentioned in yesterdays report as being captured was abandoned by our men, he being foundered. M. KERWIN, Major, Commanding Regiment. [33.] MARCH 2829, 1864.Scout to Aldie and Middleburg, Va. Report of ]I/Iaj. George P. McCabe, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. HDQRS. THIRTEENTH REGT. PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, Bristoe Station, Va., March 30, 1864. GOLONEL: I have the honor to report as follows: I left this camp on the evening of the 28th of March, on a scout, hav- ing in my command 225 men and 9 officers, and proceeded by way of Manassas to Aldie. Not finding the enemy, I went on to Middleburg. I drove the pickets of Mosbys command from the town, none of the enemy, with the exception of the pickets, being there. I there learned that Mosby, with from 400 to 600 men, had been encamped the past week six miles north of Middleburg. As my horses by that time needed feeding, having marched thirty miles, I fell back to Aldie to feed. Whilst there the enemy sent forward several men on the road and hills around to watch us. I sent forward one company to show fight and to fall back if the enemy would attack, that I might k ye the advantage of ground, and would fight them at the east end of Aldie, as the ground and roads at the west end were not fit for me to use a small force of cavalry against double their numbers without great danger to the safety of the command, and as I was well aware that Mosby would not fight us unless he had double our numbers and that he would have to have all advantages, and I could not catch his few men who were in my front as decoys. I discovered during the time that lie was trying to draw me west of Aldie, that 100 of Mosbys men were nearly a mile off and northeast of Aldie, evidently intending to get. in my rear if I would advance on Middleburg to eng~e the party in my front. I report the men of the Sixth, Seventh, and Fifteenth Virginia Regi- ments of rebel cavalry as haviu~ joined their commands. No enemy ii Page 221 CHAP. LXIII.] SOUTH SIDE OF JAMES RIVER. 221 that neighborhood except Mosbys comm~tnd, which may be set down at 500 ail told. lie is planning to catch the wagons going out from Fairfax to Washington, and they should use great care, as lie is going to ambush the roads in that vicinity. I arrived back at camp at this place at 6 p. m. 29th instant. Command all safe and in good condition. I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. F. MCCABE, Major, Commanding Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Colonel MOCANDLESS, Commanding Third Divi~sion, Fifth Army Corps. [33.] MAY 4JUNE 2,1864.Operations on the south side of the James River, Va. Report of Maj. Gen. Robert Ransom, Jr., C. S. Army, of action at Chester Station, ilicty 10. HEADQUARTERS, & C., Near Drewrys Bluff, May 10, 18643.30 p. m. GENERAL: We moved out earlythis morning and at 10 oclock attacked the enemy near and at Winfrees house, betweeii the turnl)ike and Ber- muda road. Bartons brigade was on the turnpike and one regiment of it on the right of the Bermuda Hundred road; Gracie on the river road, his left near Howlefts house. We had only four pieces of artil- lerytwo on river road, one on turnpike, and one near Bermuda Hun. dred road; Dunovants dismounted men and the cavalry under General Chilton on the railroad and near it. The attack was com- menced on nearly the whole line to the right of the turnpike at once, and for a short time seemed to be progressing favorably. As the right under General Chilton with one regiment of Bartons passed, it was feebly seconded by the other regiments of Bartons, and on this part of the line the men behaved very badly from the beginning of the fight. After about an hours firing, General Barton reported his left broken and turned. Ineffectually I tried to get it to regain its lost position. By this Gracie had to be called suddenly to the right of the turnpike. Shortly after this Bartons brigade, or the greater part of it, was thor- oughly demoralized, and I knew was worthless for a further contest. About 12.45 I fell back to the trenches, which we have just reached. The casualties are numerous, I am informed. Colonel Cabell, Thirty- eighth Virginia, is, I fear, mortally wounded. The most of the ground is covered with thickest undergrowth. We are trying to get off~ the wounded. Some fifty prisoners were taken by us. They all report a large force hetween the rivers, Butler commanding; W. F. Smith and Gillmore chief subordinates. I have not been able to ascertain the number opposed to us. The work of the day is very unsatisfactory to me, and the only consolation I have is in hoping we prevented or deferred an attack on Petersburg. The fatigue of th~ men seems to be very great. Very respectfully, II. RANSOM, JR., Major- General. P. S.There has been no firing heard toward Petersburg since I attacked this morning. H. H., JR. [General BRAXTON BitA~. Page 222 222 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII [First indorsemeut.] I have ordered Colonel Fry to report to General Ransom to relieve General Barton. B.B. [Second indorsement.] Respectfully returned to the files of General Braggs office. BURTON N. HARRISON, Private & eretary. JANUARY 17, 1865. [36.] Report of Lieut. Gol. Benjamin P. Eshleman, commanding Battalion Washington Artillery, of operations May 521. HEADQUARTERS BATTALION WASHINGTON ARTILLERY, Near Petersburg, Va., May 30, iSGI. CAPTAIN: I have the hoiior to submit the following report: On the 5th of May, by order of Major-General Pickett, commanding, I marched from camp at Model Farm, near Petersburg, with the follow- ing batteries of my command: First Company, Capt. E. Owen, three Napoleons and one bronze 3-inch rifle~ Secon Richardson, three Napoleons; Thu d Company, Capt. J. B. Company, Capt. A. Hero, Jr., three Napoleons; Fourth Company, Capt. Joe Norcom, three Napoleons, nrnking twelve Napoleons and one 3-inch rifle a total of thirteen guns. These batteries were placed oii the eastern fortifications of Petersburg in the following order: Captain Heros in Battery No. 2, commanding City Point road; Captains Norcoms and Richardsons iu Battery No. 5, commanding the City Point and Broadway roads; Captain Owens in Battery No.11, commanding Prince George and Jordan Point roads. On the following day (0th instant) Lieutenant McElroy, of Third Com- pany, was placed iii charge of three Napoleon guns of Reads battalion in Batteries No. 9 and 10, commanding Prince George and Jordan Point roads. At 9.30 a. m. Captain Owen with his battery was ordered by General Pickett across the Appomattox River on the line of Swift Creek, and on the following morning went into position on the road guarding the Swift Creek bridge. On the 7th, by order of Col. II. P. Jones, chief of artillery, I was place(I in command of all the artillery on the line of Swift Creek. Lient. Samuel Hawes, of Second Company, Washington Artillery, having been placed in command of a battery (which was en route for General Morgans command in charge of Ser- geant Payne), manned by some of the non-commissioned officers and privates of the Washington Artillery and ffirloughed and convalescent men from Petersburg, was placed in position at Port WaIthall Junction and engaged the enemy npon their advance. Perceiving that the enemy was about to turn our left flank, I ordered Captain Owens bat- tery down at a trot but re- en forcem ents having arrived, driving the enemy back, he did not go into position. At 11 p. in. he was or(lered by Lieutenant-Colonel Ligh tfoot, commanding artillery, back to Swift Creek, our troops having retired to that line. During the 8th and 9th there was general skirmishing along the line. A section of Lieutenant ilawes battery was engaged at different times during both days. I ordered over Lieutenant Brittons section of Second Company, Wash- iiigton Artillery, from the south side of the Appomattox and held it in reserve. On the 11th, aim advance being ordered, I sent for the remain- ing batteries of my battalion, stationed across the river. which reporte Page 223 CHAP. lxiii.] SOUTH SIDE OF JAMES RIVER. 223 to me with the following guns: Captaill Korcom, Fourth Company, three Kapoleons; Captain Richardson, Second Company, two Napo- leons, one of which was taken from Reads battalion; Captain Hero, Third Company, six Kapoleons, three of which were taken from Reads battalion, making four gun s received from Reads battalion. These batteries, together with Captaiii Owens First Company, and a section of Second Company, under Lieutenant Britton, made a total of seven- teen guns, sixteemi of which were Napoleons and one 3-inch rifle. By order of Major-General iloke, commanding, the different batteries were placed temporarily with the following brigades, in which order they took up the line of march toward IDrewrys Bluff: First Company, Captain Owen, with Corses brigade; Second Company, Captain Rich- ardson, with Hagoods brigade; Third Company, Captain Hero, with Ransoms brigade; Fourth Company, Captain Norcom, with Kempers brigade. At 9.30 on the morning of the 12th, the enemy being reported advancing and our troops forming in line of battle, I J)laced a section of the First Company under Lieutenant Brown on the turnpike at the Half Way House and engaged the enemy, driving back his skirmishers and disabling one of his guns. At night Lieutenant Brown retired to our first line of works and joined his battery, which was afterward ordered into the work to the left of the Chesterfield Court-House road. Captain Richardsons battery was I)laced in the work on the left of the turnpike. Captain Heros battery was placed in position on the extreme right of the line 0n Wooldridges farm. Captain Norcoms battery occu- pied the works betweeii Captains Owens and Heros batteries. At 9 p. in., by order of General Hoke, Heros battery was withdrawn and ordered into park iiear the Chesterfield road. At 3 oclock on the after- noon of the 13th, the enemy having turned our right flank, Captain Norcoms guns were withdrawn to the second line of works. Heros battery and a section of Owens, nuder Lieutenamit Galbraith, were placed in position by Major Owen (Washington Artillery) near Proctors Creek, and, opening fire, kept the enemy at bay, thereby affording Brigadier-General Ransom time to withdraw his brigade and form a new line of battle, after which the guns were retired to our second line of works. All the troops having fallen back to this line, my batteries occupied the following positions: First Company on the extreme right at Gregorys Crossing; Second Company and a section of the Third Company, nuder Lieutenant Stocker, in Fort Stevens; Third Company to the right of the saw-mill; Fourth Company between the First and Third Companies in these works. Captain Norcom, Fourth Company, found four iron guns (two 6-pounder, one 12-pounder howitzer, and one 3-inch rifle) in position, which were manned by him in addition to his three Napoleons. On the l4tlm the batteries of Norcom, Richardson, and Hero were engaged at different times during the day. The enemy made anassault at night on Norcomns position, but were easily repulsed by him, Lieutenant Battles giving them a few rounds of canister. On the 15th there was but little firing from any of my guns. We were very much annoyed by the enemys sharpshooters. On the 10th, having been assigned with my battalion to Major-General Hokes division for the attack as soon as our troops had driven the enemy from our outer line of works, I advanced Captain Owens l~attery down the turnpike. Captain Owen sent forward Lieutenant Galbraith with a section, who en gaged t~vo of the enemys batteries (one of three 20-pounder Parrotts and one of two Napoleons) at about 100 yards. The other section of the First Company, under Lieutenant Brown, was placed on the. right of the road and opened fire with great effect. Owen soon silenced th Page 224 224 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. enemys batteries, blowing up two of their limbers and killing many of their horses, thus causing their guns to fall iiito our hands. At this juncture the valuable services of Galbraith and him self were lost to his company, they both being severely wounded. Brown, now left in command, still kept up the fire froiu the battery, although his men were falling thick and fast around him, until he expended all his ammunition, when he was relieved by a battery from Major Owens reserve artillery. During this time Richardson, on the turnpike between the two lines of works, was engaged in firing upon the enemy, who were advancing through the woods to the right of the road. NOrcom and Hero fired on the enemy in their front until our iufantry charged, when they ceased firing. One of the 20-pounder Parrotts captured from the enemy (by direction of General Beauregard) I turned upon the enemys retreating column. This gun was manned by Captain Chisolm (of the generals staff), my adjutant (Lient. Edwin I. Kursheedt), and Sergeant-Major IRandoiph. On the 17th the batteries, following their respective, brigades to which they had been temporarily attached, went into position with them on the 01(1 stage road. The First Company, having received the captured guns presented to them by General Beau- regard on the field, was assigned for temporary duty with Brig. Gen. B. iR. Johnson and placed by him in position in llowletts field, on James River. On Wednesday, the 18th, at 12 in., a section of Captain Nor- coms battery, under Lieutenant Battles, was, by order of Major-General Hoke, sent to the front, where it remained until dark shelling the ene- my~s line and keepin~ back his advancing column. This section was highly complimented by General Hoke for its accuracy in firing and great execution. My men having nndergone severe trials and discom- fiture by marches and exposure arid throwing up works at night for sixteen days, now required some rest. The horses, having been kept constantly in harness day and night and subsisting on very short rations of corn, were very mnch jaded. With a view to the recul)eration of my men and horses, I was on the Nst ordered by Col. II. P. Jones to the rear with the batteries of the Second, Third, and Fourth Companies (the First being left with General Johnson), and upon reporting to Brigadier-General Coiston, commanding at Petersburg, was ordered by him to place one battery on the S wift Creek line; the Second Com- pany was ordered to this position. Subsequently I received orders trom General Colston to place one battery in Battery No. 2, eastern defenses of Petersburg, and another on the turnpike guarding the Swift Creek bridge. The Third Company was assigned to the former position and the Fourth to the latter. The officers, non-commissioned, and men acted with their usual gal- lantry and zeal, such as has been displayed by them on many bloody fields. While all are deserving of much praise, I cannot close with- out paying a special tribute to Captain Owen and his officers and men who maintained their position on the 16th, although subjected to a galling fire from the enemys infantry. Captain Richardson makes special mention of Private William Forrest, who exposed his life in replacing the colors which were twice shot down from the ramparts of Fort Stevens. To my staff officers (Maj. W. M. Owen and Adjt. E. I. Kursheedt) I am especially indebted for theirvery valuable services ren- dered on the field. These officers acted with their accustomed coolness and gallantry. Major Owen was ordered by General Beauregard, on the night of the 15th, to command the reserve artillery. He desires special mention made of Frank P. Villasana, chief bugler of this bat- talion, who was detached with Major Owen and acted as he alway Page 225 CHAP. LXIII.] SOUTH SIDE OF JAMES RIVER. 225 has done with special gallantry and courage during the battle. Before the advance of the army from Swift Creek toward Drewrys Bluff, Lieutenant ilawes was ordered with his battery on the south side of the Appomattox to the eastern defenses of Petersburg. During the engagement at Port Walthall Junction, Lieutenant ilawes rendered efficient service with his battery and was highly complimented by the commanding general. Lieutenant Braselman and Ordnance Sergeant Meek rendered themselves highly efficient in promptly supplying ammunition. Sergeant-Major Randolph proved himself by his un- daunted courage worthy of the highest esteem. Below I annex a list of the casualties daring the operation near Drewrys Bluff. The bat- teries expended 2,430 rounds of ammunition. Captain Richardson had one of his guns disabled from constant firing, cracked in the muzzle. Captain Hero lost the rear portion of a caisson which was upset in a ditch of one of the works while changing position at night. Horses and Killed, wounded. Captured. mules. a Batteries. a a . a . a ~ -~ a a ~ a ,5 a a a a a a -~ .- 0 o ~ 0 0 ~ H ~ First Company, Captain Owen 4 2 8 1 15 4 7 11 SecoudtJornpany, Captain Richardson 1 3 4 7 5 12 Third Company, Captain Hero 1 3 4 9 5 14 Fourth Company, Captain Norcom ... 4 4 8 7 11 18 Total 10 2 18 1 31 27 28 55 a Two private horses killed. I remain, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. F. ESHLEMAK, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Battalion Washington Artillery. Capt. JOhN M. OTEY, Assistant Adjutant- General. [36.] Report of Capt. Edward Owen, First Company, Battalion Washington Artillery, of operations May 516. RICHMOND, May 26, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to report the operations of my battery in the campaign on the south side: On the 5th of May I left camp at Model Farm with three guns (Kapo- leons). Subsequently my rifled gun was sent to me and was placed in position the same evening at Battery No. 11, near the Prince George road. The next day, the 6th instant, was ordered to report to General Picketts headquarters at a trot, and was ordered by him across the Appomattox River. The enemy in heavy force under Butler were ad- vancing on the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, via Port Walthall. I went in position on the turnpike about two miles from Petersburg. The enemy were then reported advancing on this road in heavy force. Be- sides my battery there were about 200 infantry to meet them. At day- light on 7th instant took position on the road protecting the Swift 15 R HVOL LI, PT Page 226 226 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Creek bridge. About 9 a. m. was ordered to near Fort Clifton. At 3.30 p. m. was ordered by you to Port Waithall Junction at a trot, a heavy fight having been in progress at that point for several hours, but when I arrived found the enemy withdrawing, so did not go in position. At 11.30 oclock that night was ordered by Lieutenant- Colonel Lightfoot to march quietly to Swift Creek and to place one sec- tion in position in the road, protecting the bridge, and the other section near the railroad bridge on Dunlops place. At 6.20 a. m. on the 9th instant was ordered to move to the road by General Johnson, and about 9 a. m. was placed in position on the creek on the left of our line. Our troops had all fallen back on the night of the 7th instant and occupied the line of the Swift Creek. At 10 a. m. heavy skirmishing commenced in the front, and soon the fight became general with artillery firing, the shells from which fell very near my battery. No enemy appeared in my front. At 4 a. m. on the 10th instant, by your order, I agaiii changed my position to Dunlops place, placing one section near the railroad and the other farther to the right. At 7 a. m. a battery of the enemy in my front opened on the section near the bridge under Lieutenant Galbraith. They fired well, but did no damage. I was not allowed to open on it. At 9 a. m. Lieutenant Galbraith opened on the position where this Yankee battery was, but found they had left. At 12 in. opened again on them, but could get no response. Fired about forty rounds. The enemy were reported withdrawing all day. About 11 a. m. on the 11th instant was ordered to join the battalion, then on the turnpike in rear of Picketts division, then commanded by General Corse,in the move to Drewrys Bluff. Moved at 3.30 a. m. on the 12th instant; continued our march. At 7.30 a. in. placed two guns in position on the turnpike at the Half-Way House; enemy reported advancing, when all the troops were withdrawn behind the fortifications. I was left with one section and General Corses brigade on picket. The skirmishing continued heavy in our front all day. About 4 p. in. it became so heavy on the left that I took one Napoleon to the field and opened on the enemy. D~.id some execution. Shortly after this the enemy opened with one gun on my rifled gun in the turnpike under Lieutenant Brown. One shot struck the wheel of the limber. Lieutenant Brown fired a few shots at them, and at the third fire disabled the enemys gun. At 7 p. m. with- drew to the fortifications and took position on the right of the road. Fired to-day eighty-six rounds. About 4 p. nim. the next day, the 13th, the enemy turned the right of our line of battle. In their advance Lieutenant Galbraiths section did great execution, also that under Lieutenant Brown, upon the enemy advancing, they having a fire on their flank. My battery was greatly divided on the line of works, extending over a space of at least half a mile. When our troops fell back to the second line of works Lieuten- ant Galbraith, with one gun, brought up the rear with General Corse. In this engagement had no one hurt in my company. Fired rounds. On the 14th instant was placed in the work at Gregorys Crossing on the railroad. Here we remained till the morning of the 16th instant. About daylight on the 16th instant went to the turnpike to await further orders. Moved with Major Owen to the second line of works. At a. in. ordered by yourself to move to the first line of works, just taken by our troops, and if I could to put my battery in position there. I moved down the road till the minie-balls fell so thick about us that I was afraid to take the battery any farther for fear the enemy might be pressing our forces back (the fog was so thick I could not see twenty yards ahead of me), so I halted and sent Lieutenant Galbraith forward with one gun Page 227 CHAP. LXIII.] SOUTH SIDE OF JAMES RIVER. 227 with orders td fire at anything he saw. Very shortly I sent forward the other gun of his section, but could not then put the other section in position in the works, as the enemy was just in front of the works and could have killed all my horses and probably men while moving by the flank. After this, and while I was in the front, Lieutenant Brown was ordered by General Beauregards aide to take position to the right of the road and in rear of the line of works. In these positions our fire had terrible effect upon the enemy. Several times they attempted to advance columns up the road, bnt a few well-directed shots from Lieu- tenant Galbraiths section would cause them to melt away into the woods. A battery of the enemy in our front, and not more than 100 yards dis- tant, composed of three 20-pounder Parrotts and two Kapoleons, suffered heavily from the fire of Lieutenant Galbraiths section, and was finally silenced by our fire, together with that of ilagoods and Johnsons bri- gades. This captured battery was afterwards presented to me by Gen- eral Beauregard for the services of the First Company on that day. About 8.15 a. m. I was struck on the head by a minie-ball and had to leave the field, and very shortly after Lieutenant Galbraith was struck in the hip. Lieutenant Brown was then in command of the battery. He withdrew at 10 oclock, having expended nearly all his ammunition. In this engagement I lost four killed, viz: C. R. Walden ,P.D.Sim- mons, H. Peychaud, George Chambers, and 11 woundedCapt. E. Owen, Lieut. J. M. Galbraith, Corpl. C. A. Everett, Corpl. S. Turner, Privates J. Meyers, N. B. Phelps, E. Peychand, J. J. Norment, C. E. I~ossiter, J. Wilson, W. W. Spencer; also had 3 horses killed and 7 wounded. One limber was broken by the mules getting frightened and running away into the woods. I fired 251 rounds, viz, rifle, 6 shell, 6 canister; Napo- Icons, 125 case-shot, 16 shell, 13 solid shot, 31 canister. Lieutenants Galbraith and Brown and Sergeaiits McGaughy, Hardie, and Norment, also my corporals and men, acted with conspicuous gallantry. Every man did his duty nobly. After Lieutenant Galbraith was wounded First Sergt. J. IR. McGaughy took command of his section and still retains it. Lieutenant Brown now has command of the First Company, with the captured guns presented to it. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWARD OWEN, Captain, Comdg. First Company, Battalion Washington Artillery. Lient. Col. B. F. ESHLEMAN, Commanding Battalion Washington Artillery. [36.] Report of Capt. John B. Richardson, Second Company, Battalion Wash- ington Artillery, of operations May 516. CAMP NEAR SWIFT CREEK, VA., May 27, 1864. COLONEL: I marched from camp at Model Farm on the evening of the 5th of May with three Napoleon guns of my battery and went into position on Jordans Hill, commanding the City Point road. Moved on the 7th to Halifax and the Jerusalem plank road. Remained there until the morning of the 11th, when I moved across the Appomattox River to Swift Creek and reported with four guns to General Hagood, of South Carolina. Marched on the Richmond turnpike and halted near the Half- Way House for the night. Marched into the fortifications at Drewrys Bluff Friday [sic], the 12th. On Saturday [sic], the 13th instant, abandoned the outer works and occupied Fort Stevens at 4 oclock i Page 228 228 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. the morning. I was placed in command of the fort with Captain ilankins battery of four guns and my own battery of four gnus. Soon after daylight the enemy opened on the fort from sharpshooters and two batteries (Napoleons and 20-pounder Parrotts), which was kept up without intermission from daylight until dark, to which I replied at intervals throughout the day with the guns in the fort. My company flag was twice shot down and each time replaced by Private William Forrest, under a very severe fire. Private M. Page Lapham was mor- tally wounded in the face and since died. Private George Gessner was severely wounded in the knee Corpi. J. II. Goodin slightly wounded in the arm. I would mention Thomas Joynes, I)avid May, and Ed. Mann, all of Petersburg, volunteered with my battery and behaved conspicuously. Ed. Mann had his leg badly injured by the trail of the gun. Sunday, the 15th, the enemy continued their fire on the fort throughout the day. Monday morning I marched with my battery from the fort to the Richmond turnpike, when the attack was made on the enemy and was engaged on that road between the two outer fortifi- cations. Remained on the field at night. Marched Tuesday morning with the column in pursuit of the enemy. On Wednesday Private J. M. Greenman, of my company, was painfully wounded through the leg while my guns were in l)osition on the line of bathe. One of my guns in Lieutenant Brittons section was dismoumited on Saturday at Fort Stevens and so much damaged that I was coml)elled to send it to Richmond for repairs. Also one of my guns in Lieutenant Dc Russys section was damaged from long use and constant firing. Thinking it unsafe I exchanged it for one of the captured Napoleongans. I have fired during the several engagements about 490 rounds of ammunition, and have lost 6 horses killed and 7 wounded and disabled. Lieut. Samuel Hawes was detached from my battery. Lieuts. J. D. Britton and George B. De Russy were each in command of a section and with me. The officers and men acted at all times with their accustomed gallantry. Very respectfully, J. B. RICHARDSON, (Japt., Comdg. Second Company, Battalion Washington Artillery. Lient. Col. B. F. ESHLEMAN, Commanding Battalion Washington Artillery. [36.] Report of Capt. Andrew Hero, Jr., Third Company, Battalion Washing- ton Artillery, of operations May 523. CAMP THIRD COMPANY, BATT. WASHINGTON ARTILLERY, Dunns Hill, Chesterfield Connty, Va., May 25, 1864. COLONEL: The following is a summary of the services rendered by my company since leaving camp at Model Farm, Petersburg, Va.: May 5, puarsuant to your orders the battery, composed of three Napo- leon guns with caissons and thirty horses for same, moved from camp at Model Farm about 4 p. m. down the City Point road to Battery No.2 and occupied the same. May 6, guns still in Battery No. 2. Three Napoleon guns with caissons and twenty-four mules for same were placed in Batteries No. 9 and 10, under charge of Lieutenant McElroy, manned by thirty men from my company. (Guns were taken from camp of Major Reads battalion, order of Colonel Jones.) All the guns in the same position until 2 oclock morning 9th instant, when ,per orders of Major Owen, a section from Battery No.2, under Lieutenan Page 229 CHAP. LXIII.] SOUTH SIDE OF JAMES RIVEI~. 229 MeNeill, reported to Captain Sturdivant and moved down the river for the purpose of firing into the enemys gun-boats, but owing to an advance by the enemy the object of the expedition was frustrated and the section returned to Battery No. 2 at dusk. About 4 p. In. a gun under Sergeant De Blanc was moved from Battery No. 9. On the morning of the 10th instant one of the guns was moved from Battery No. 2 to Battery No. 7 and placed in charge of Lieutenant Stocker, and the gun under Sergeant De Blanc transferred thence to Battery No. 8 (all per orders of Major Owen). Lieutenant McElroy still at l3atteries No. 9 and 10 with a section, and Lieutenant MeNeill at Bat- tery INo. 2 with the remaining section. On the morning of the 11th instant, per orders of Major Owen, the company was withdrawn from the several batteries they then occupied and marched across the Appo- mattox River to Richmond turnpike, where my company was assigned to Ransoms (afterward Corses) division, and marched in front of Ran- soms brigade toward Richmond beyond the intersection of the Ber- muda Hundred road, where I parked for the night. May 12, about 6 a. in., the line of march was resumed and proceeded as far as the Half- Way House, where I halted and came into park. About 1 oclock moved over to the river road and placed three guns in position in the rear of Ransoms brigade. About 1.30 p. in., per orders of Brigadier-General Ransom, I retir(d with my six guns to Fort Stevens and occupied the works on the left thereof. About 2.30 p. in., per your orders, I moved thence to the extreme right of our lines, across Proctors Creek. About 9 p. in., by order of Major-General iloke, I withdrew my guns from these works across Proctors Creek and parked for the night in a field near General Clingmans headquarters. May 13, turned over to Cap- tain Owen, commandin~ First Company, a Napoleon gun and caisson (received from Reads battalion) in exchange for my gun and caisson which he had brought from camp at Petersburg, Va. Remained in park until about ~ p. in., when, per orders of Major Owen, I moved down to Proctors Creek and came into battery on the left of a section of the First Company of the battalion and commenced firing upon the enenfy, who had gaimied possession of the works on the extreme right of our lines. After half an hours firing I retired, per orders of Major Owen, to our second line of fortifications and parked for the night. In this engagement Private H. A. Madden was killed, II. Guillotte wonnded~ I horse killed 3 horses wounded and 60 rounds of ammu- nition expended. About 11 p. in. a section under Lieutenant Stocker, per your orders, was ordered to report to Captain Martin, commanding battalion of artillery, which was placed in position in works on turn- pike, and moved thence to works on the left of Fort Stevens. On the morning of the 14th instant I placed a section under Lieutenant McEl- roy in the works to the right of the turnpike, and a section under Lieutenant MeNeill to the right of him, adjoining the Fifty-first North Carolina Regiment. Firing was kept up at intervalsduring the slay, confined to the shelling of the woods in the immediate front of these two sections. At one time a regiment of the enemy (since learned to be the Fortieth Massachusetts) advanced across the open field in front of Lieutenant MeNeills section for the purpose of re-enforcing the enemys skirmishers occupying aji orchard in front of this section, but were spee(hily broken and driven back by a few rounds of spherical case from Sergeant Ellis gun. Lieutenant Stockers section still remained in the works to the left of Fort Stevens. This days losses were Pri- vate A. Leefe, wounded; 1 horse killed, 1 horse and 1 mule wounded; also, Lieutenant McElroys horse killed Page 230 230 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII Sunday, May 15, the several sections in the same positions. Desul- tory firing at intervals during the day by the sections of Lieutenants McElroy and McNeill. This day I had 2 horses and 2 mules killed, also Lieutenant MeNeills horse killed. On the morning of the 16th instant, about 4 oclock, the general engagement commenced on the left and firing was taken up along the whole line. I opened with the sec- tions of Lieutenaiits McElroy and MeKeill as well as with a 6-pounder gun which I found in my works, shelling at long distances beyond the woods in my front, where it was supposed the enemy had massed their troops. Private James Crilly was wounded during this firing. Lieu- tenant Stockers section reported back to me at 11 a. m. About 4 p. m. I moved out of the works with Lieutenants MeNeills and Stockers sections to our first line of fortifications and parked for the night in the field to the right of the turnl)ike. Lieutenant McElroys section was sent off about 1 p. in., per orders of Major-General iloke, with Brigadier- General Johnsons command. On the morning of the 17th instant the line of march was taken up toward Petersburg, my battery marching in the rear of Corses brigade. I proceeded as far as the road leading to Bermuda Hundred~when I halted in the road for the night. About 2 a. m. May 18 a section under Lieutenant Stocker (per order of Major- General iloke) was sent to the front to report to General Corse and placed in position in the center of Corses brigade. About 12 in. Lieu- tenant McElroy, then in position in front of Hagoods brigade, was relieved by the First Company of the battalion, and 1 moved my com- pany into camp in a field near General Beauregards headquarters. About 9 p. m. ,under Lieutenants McElroy and MeNeill, was sent to the front to throw up works. About 3 oclock on the morning of the 19th of May I moved the guns of the First Company (one 3-inch rifle and two Napoleons) down to the works erected during the night, and at about 7 a. m. opened fire on the supposed whereabouts of the enemy and expended ninety-five rounds of ammunition. At dusk these guns were taken to the rear of my camp. The 3-inch rifle with detach- ment and horses from my company (per your orders) was sent to report to Major I~eads battalion and assigned to Captain Grahams company. I also sent a full detachment to Lieutenant Brown to man a 32-pounder on the left of our lines. On the morning of May 20, about 3 oclock, a section under Lieutenant McElroy was sent to the front and occupied the works used the day before, but were withdrawn about 11 a. in. and placed in position near the section of Lieutenant Stocker. Per orders of Major Owen I turned over to Captain Martin two Napoleon guns and caissons and a limber received from Major Reads battalion, and by orders of Colonel Jones I turned over the 3-inch rifled gun and caisson to Captain Graham, thereby relieving the detachment of horses there- with. Private E. A. Clark was bruised by the explosion of a gun-boat shell whilst serving with detachment on 32-pounder. At dusk this detachment reported back to me. On the afternoon of the 21st instant my four gnus out on the front were relieved by order of Colonel Jones, and on morning of 23d of May, per Colonel Jones orders, I reported to you at this camp. I regret to announce that on the night of the 12th instant, on retiring from the extreme right of our lines, owing to the narrowness of the road and the mules, one of my caissons was capsized in the moat of the works and I was compelled to abandon all the ammu- nition and only succeeded in saving the limber of the caisson. By this accident Private G. Leclere was seriously injured. My whole losses since leaving Petersburg have been 1 man killed (Private II. A. Mad- den); 3 wounded, viz, Privates Leefe, Guillotte, and Crilly, and 2 bruised and injured (Privates Leclerc and Clark). I have had 4 horse Page 231 CHAP. LXIII.] SOUTH SIDE OF JAMES RIVER. 231 killed, 3 mules killed; 4 horses wounded and 1 mule wounded, and I have expended of 12-pounder gun ammunition 63 rounds of shot, 626 rounds of spherical case, 32 rounds of canister, and of 6-pounder gun ammunition,62 rounds of shot,62 rounds of spherical case, and 2 rounds of canister, making a total of 1,878 [sic] rounds of ammunition (including 3 rounds shell 3-inch rifle). I am greatly indebted to my lieutenants for the zealous and efficient aid they have rendered in dis- charge of the arduous duties that have devolved upon me in this cam- paign, each one having been dismounted, and to my non-commissioned officers and men for their ready fulfillment of all duties imposed upon them either by night or day. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ANDREW HERO, JR., Captain, Comdg. Third Company, Battln. Washington Artillery. Lient. Col. B. F. ESHLEMAN, Commanding Battalion Washington Artillery. [36.] Report of Capt. Joe Noreom, Fonrth Company, Battalion Washington Artillery, of operations JIJIay 521. FOURTH COMPANY, WASHINGTON ARTILLERY, Swift Creek, May 25, 18G4. COLONEL: I respectfully submit the following report of the part sustained by the battery of the Fourth Company under my command in the recent engagements around Petersburg and Richmond: On Thursday, 5th instant, three guns of my battery of Kapoleons were sent to Battery No.5 to guard the City Point road; the other gun by order of Major Owen was turned over to First Company, Capt. E. Owen, and nine of my horses to Captain Richardson, Second Company. I remained at Battery No.5 without anything occurring until Wednes- day, 8th instant, when I marched in obedience to your order at 8.30 a. in., crossing the Appomattox and moved down the turnpike to the toll-gate. Here I halted until 3 oclock, and then in rear of Kempers brigade my battery moved toward Richmond. At 10 oclock Thursday morning, 12th instant, went into battery at Half-Way House, it being reported that the enemy were advancing. At 1 oclock by your order moved back to first line of fortifications. After entering the fortifications I moved down to the right of line and placed my guns iti position, two of them in works on Mr. Wooldridges farm and the other, under Lieu- tenant Apps, farther to the right, in the railroad cut. On Friday afternoon, at or about 4 oclock, the enemy having flanked the fortifica- tions on my right, by your order I moved my guns out on the road to await orders. About 6 oclock moved into our second line of works, distributing my guns as follows: One gun, under command of Lieut. H. A. Battles, in a work to the right of Clingmans brigade; one gun, under Lieut. G. B. Apps, in work with General Corses brigade, and one gun, under Lient. William J. Behan, in work to the left of Ransoms brigade. In the works occupied by Lieutenants Battles and Apps were the following guns, which were put in requisition by some of my non-commissioned officers and privates: Two iron 6-pounders in work of Lieutenant Battles were manned by Sergeant Fish, Corporal McDon- ald, and Quartermaster-Sergeant ilaile, and in that occupied by Lieu- tenant Apps was a rifled gun (3-inch) and howitzer. The rifled gun was well served by Sergt. John C. Wood and a squad of men from the different detachments. On Saturday the enemy annoyed us very much Page 232 232 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. their sharpshooters having advanced to within 450 yards of our lines. At night they endeavored to storm, but were easily repulsed, Lieutenant Battles giving them from his gun a few rounds of canister. My loss this day was 3 killed, 2 wounded, and 1 bruised; also several horses killed and 8 or 10 wounded. Sunday was occupied in watching and firing an occasional shot at the skirmishers in our front. On Monday, as instructed, we opened briskly upon the lines of the enemy massing on our front. This fire was continued until the charge was made by our men. I was unable to follow the infantry, they having commenced to fall back by the time my horses were hitched np. Here I beg to state that owing to the severity of the fire from the sharp- shooters of the enemy I was obliged to send my horses some distance to place them under cover, as it would have endangered them all by keeping them in works which were enfiladed on all sides. My men, while in these works, were busily occupied every night strengthening the works and building traverses to protect themselves from the enfi- lading fire poured into the works day and night by the sharpshooters. On Monday afternoon, the enemy being driven from our front, I reported to General B. R. Johnson; halted for the night about one mile from turnpike. On Tuesday morning, about 5 oclock, placed two guns in position under Lieutenant Battles, near Cheathams house, and shelled the woods for an hour. Moved on about 7 oclock down the turnpike and road to Bermuda Hundred, in rear of Clingmans brigade, and placed guns again in position on the old stage road, and at night threw up fortifications, my men working all night. At 12 oclock Wednesday, by order of General Hoke, sent Lieutenants Battles and Behan to the front with one section. They remained there until dark, shelling the enemys line and keeping back their skirmishers. Lieutenant BaP les had his section complimented by General Hoke, who was with them part of the time, for their fine shooting. On Thursday morning, at 3 oclock, moved two guns, under Lieutenant Apps, to the pits in the field to the left of Mrs. Clays house. They returned abont dark to their for position, having fired over 100 rounds of ammunition. Friday morning again sent my battery to the position occupied by them the preceding day. We did not open fire, but were ordered back about 10 oclock. I remained in position until Saturday morning, when I was relieved by Captain Millers battery and moved down the turnpike to Dunns Hill. To Lieutenants Battles, Apps, and Behan I am under many obligations for their assistance and the readiness displayed at all times to discharge their various duties. To the non-commissioned offi- cers and men too much praise cannot be given. They had but little rest for ten days, night or day, yet performed their various duties at all times with cheerfulness and alacrity. I have to regret the loss of 4 good men killed, viz: Corpl. H. G. McDonald, Privates E. A. Mellard, John Fonlks, and Ed. Condon; also 4 wounded, viz, Sergt. J. B. Valen- tine, Privates Martin, A. I{orcom, and Hood; 1 bruised by horse falling, Private John Shackler. My loss in horses sums up 7 killed and 11 wounded. My battery fired during these various engagements 585 rounds shot, case, and shell. Of the iroii 6-pounder, the ammun~tion being mixed and partly damaged, we kept no account of the number of rounds fired. Very respectfully, JOE NORCOM, Captain, Comdg. Fourth Company, Battin. Wa8hington Artillery. Lient. Col. B. F. ESHLEMAN, g Battalion Washington Artillery Page 233 CHAP. LXIII.] HAPIDAN TO THE JAMES RIVER, VA. 233 MAY 4JUNE 12, 1864.-Campaign from the Rapidan to the James River, Va. Report of Lient. Cot. Charles B. Merrill, Seventeenth Maine Infantry, including operations to July 31. HEADQUARTERS SEVENTEENTH MAINE REGIMENT, August 11, iSGI. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this command in the several operations of the present campaign: First epoch.The Seventeenth Maine Regiment, under command of Col. George W. West, broke camp at Brandy Station, Va., on the night of May 3, and crossed the Itapidan River on the morning of the 4th with 21 commissioned, 5 acting officers, and 439 guns, and bivouacked that night on the old battle-field of Chancellorsville. On the 5th moved as far as Todds Tavern, when, pursuant to orders, the direction was changed and the regiment marched by the left flank to the junc- tion of the plank and Brock roads. The brigade (Second) was then hastily placed in position, and this regiment was carried to the extreme right of the Second Corps, moving by the left into the dense woods skirting the road, with orders from General Hays to connect with the Sixth Corps on the right. After repeated attempts to discover the troops with whom the connection was to be formed had failed, the reg- iment was advanced in line to meet the enemy. Flankers were thrown out and a skirmish line established. At this time the regiment was in advance of the brigade and came upon the enemy, with whom they at once engaged. The right of the regiment was then thrown forward, the enemy falling back, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. About thirty prisoners were taken. Night coming on, and the supply of ammunition failing, no farther advance was made, but the position was held till fresh troops arrived, when the regiment joined the bri- gade at the rear. The casualties of the regiment in this engagement were 2 officers wounded, 11 enlisted men killed, 65 wounded, and 1 missi~mg. On the morning of the 6th the regiment was formed on the right of the brigade, and at about 4 oclock the whole line moved forward and soon became engaged with the enemy, driving them as far as the plank road and capturiiig many prisoners. The enemy having gained a position on the plank road, opened npon our lines a most deadly fire with both musketry and artillery, so that the advance was checked. The Fourth Maine Regiment (Colonel Walker) on the left and the Seventeenth were disconnected from and were in advance of the brigade line. At this point, while at the head of his command, Colonel West was wounded by a musket-ball through his leg, his horse having previously been shot from under him, and was taken to the rear. Colonel Walker, of the Fourth Maine, then assumed command of both regiments, but was unable to hold the position, as it was flanked by the enemy and the command was forced to retire. Had support been at hand the result of the day might have been far different. The brigade retired and took position on the Brock road. About 4 p. m. the enemy renewed the attack but was repulsed with great loss. The casualties for the day in the regiment were 1 officer killed and 6 wounded, 12 enlisted men killed, 74 wounded, and 11 missing. It may not be inappropriate here to speak of the gallant and lamented General Wadsworth, of New York, who fell mortally wounded during the engagement. His pres- ence on the field under the hottest fire inspirited and encouraged the men, and they will ever cherish with pride the memory of the chivalric bravery exhibited by him in this battle. On the 7th the regiment too Page 234 234 MD., E. N. C., P1k., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIJL part in a reconnaissance made by the brigade, in which the casualties were 3 enlisted men killed, ~ wounded, and 1 missing. ASeOOR4 epoch.May 8, marched rapidly to Todds Tavern, intrenched and remained till the afternoon of the 9th, when the movement to the Ny River was commenced; crossed and bivouacked between Ny and Po Rivers. The larger portion of the regiment was placed on picket. On the 10th the picket-line was driven in by the enemy, the casualties of this command amounting to 10 enlisted men wounded and 2 missing. During the day the brigade was not engaged. On the 11th the regi- ment supported a skirmish line while a line of works was erected in the rear; casualties for the day, 1 officer wounded and 1 enlisted man. During the night the regiment marched with the corps, and at daylight on the 12th formed into line and advanced in the charge on the enemys works. Their pickets were surprised and captured, and the first line of works was easilycarried. An attempt was made to carry the second line, but proved unsuccessful, though a portion of this regiment passed beyond them. A section of a battery taken from the enemy was turned upon them and worked nuder command of Captain Pennell, of this regi- ment. Major-General Johnson, a division commander, was taken pris- oner by Sergt. Frank ilaskell, of Company C, and Private John F. Totman, Company A. The regiment remained at the front duringthe day and night. Casualties were 3 enlisted men killed, 40 wounded, and 10 missing. On May 16 Major Moore, Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, who had been in command since May 7, was relieved by me. On the 17th the regiment moved into the front line of works and relieved a portion of the Third Brigade, arid occupied the position till the morn- ing of the 18th, when we were relieved by the First Division. Soon after an attack was made on the enemys lines by the First and Second Divisions, the Third Iliivision being held in reserve. Though under fire most of the time, we sustained no loss. On the 19th moved with the division into a field near the Anderson house, where it was expected the day would be given to rest, but about 5 p. m. orders came to fall 1n~, and we marched at double-quick in the direction of the Fredericks- burg road, where the enemy (Ewells corps) had commenced au attack on our supply trains. The brigade, under the immediate supervision of Major-General Birney, was formed into two lines; the second, consist- ing of the Ninety-third New York and this regiment, was placed under my command. An advance was ordered, and we marched in line into the dense woods. Here we became separated from the first line. I sent out messengers to ascertain, if possible, its position. Not meeting with any success, I ordered the command to advance toward the firing in our front. We soon found the heavy artillery brigade engaged with the enemy, and moving to the front relieved a battalion of the First Maine Heavy Artillery, forming a connection with the left of the First Brigade (Colonel Egan). Night coming on, ~ picketline was estab- lished in our front, and we remained in position, exposed to the fire of the enemy. Earth-works were thrown up for protection, the men using tin plates and bayonets for the purpose. At daylight the whole line advanced, and in connection with the First Brigade we captured a large number of prisoners. The main body of the enemy having with- drawn aud recrossed the river, we rejoined the Second Brigade and returned to camp. Third epock.Early on the morning of the 21st we commenced a movement to the left, and at noon passed through Bowling Green. The heat and dust were oppressive, and rendered the march excessively fatiguing. We took up a position near Milford Station, where w Page 235 CHAP. LXIIIJ RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES RIVER, VA. 235 remained till the 23d. A strong line of works was erected in anticipa- tion of an attack from the enemy. On the 23d started at daylight, and in the afternoon formed a junction with the Fifth Corps near the North Anna River. The enemy was found in force at the different fords, and strong earth-works had been erected by them at Taylors Bridge. A portion of the Third Division was immediately ordered up and to Colonel Egan, First Brigade, was assigned the duty of driving the enemy across the river and securing the possession of the bridge. The line of the Second Brigade, nuder Col. B. 11. Pierce, was formed in a belt of woods about an eighth of a mile from the river. The enemy occupied the crest of a hill in our front sloping toward the river. At the word of command the whole line on the right moved forward in splendid order. The enemy broke and ran. A battery on the opposite side of the river swept the field across which we advanced, but our line kept on till we came to the river, which at that point was not fordable. We held the position till after dark, keeping up a continuous fire upon the enemy. Our whole supply of ammunition was exhausted. There was no brigade commander on the line. I sent messengers to the rear to notify the brigade commander that the ammunition was exhausted and to ask for a new supply or that we might be relieved. Failing in this, I again dispatched a messenger, and Colonel Egan, Fortieth New York Volunteers, commanding First Brigade, relieved our portion of the line with the Eleventh Massachusetts Volunteers, nuder coigmand of Lieutenant-Colonel Tripp. During the whole affiPr both officers and men behaved with great gallantry. The casualties were 1 officer killed and 3 enlisted men, 17 men wounded. Among these I have to mention Lieut. James S. Roberts, Company B, who fell mortally wounded in the charge and died on the next day. He was a brave and good soldier. I would mentjon with praise the color guard as conspicuous for bravery and good conduct. During the night we were engaged in throwing up earth-works. On the morning of the 24th the enemy opened upon us a heavy fire from their batteries. About 10 a. m. we moved across Taylors Bridge, and in the afternoon built breast-works, all the while exposed to a severe shelling from the rebel batteries. Lieut. W. F. Noyes, Company G, in charge of the brigade pioneers, was struck by a shell and mortally wounded. He died at his post in the faithful discharge of his duties, and was buried upon the field a short distance from the spot where he fell. Fourth epoch.During the night of the 26th recrossed the North Anna, and moving toward the Pamunkey crossed it the next day at about 5 p. m. On June 1 the regiment was assigned to the First Bri- gade, and reported for duty to Colonel Egan, then commanding. On the !d, at midnight, marched to the vicinity of Cold Harbor, and on the 3d and 4th were under fire in reserve to the First Division, having several men wounded by shells. June 5 received 129 men by transfer from the Third Maine. From this time till the 12th the regiment remained in the works near Barkers Mills. Fifth epoch.On the night of the 12th moved to the left, and on the next day crossed the Chickahominy and marched by the Charles City Court-House road to the James River, which we crossed on the 14th. On the 15th commenced a movement toward Petersburg, and at night bivouacked behind rebel fortifications which had that day been cap- tured by the Eighteenth Army Corps. On the morning of June 16, at daylight, the enemy opened upon us with their batteries while we were lying en masse, badly wounding several of the officers and men, among them Capt. John C. Perry, who was at Phat ~time in command of th Page 236 236 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. regiment. The brigade was at once formed, and an assaulting column, consisting of this regiment and the Twentieth Indiana Volunteers, was ordered to charge and take the enemys works in our front. An advance was made, but the position being one of great strength and held by a large force it was found impossible to carry it. The line was reformed, and a second attempt was unsuccessful. The enemy were too strong and their position impregnable to the small force brought against it. The gallaiitry of the charging party was not equal to taking a posi- tion which a whole division afterward failed to carry. The list of casualties for the day was 7 enlisted men killed, 2 officers and 46 enlisted men wounded, 5 men missing. On the 17th the regiment occupied the front line of works within 200 yards of the enemy, where it was exposed to a severe and incessant musketry fire. Capt. B. C. Pennell, Company B, then commanding the regiment, was killed by a sharpshooter. He was a brave and faithful soldier, and by his death the service has sustained a great loss. On the afternoon of the 18th a general assault ou the enemys lines was made by our forces, resulting in no decided success. Our loss was 6 enlisted men killed and 18 wounded. On the 19th the regiment occupied aii exposed position in the front line, and was relieved by a portion of the Ninth Corps on the evening of the 20th. Our losses were 2 enlisted men killed and 7 wounded. From this time until the 11th of July we were engaged in erecting works and picketing on the left of the Fifth Corps. On the night of July 11, after having leveled the line of works in our front, we moved out and took position on the Jerusalem plank road, where we remained till the 13th, when we moved into camp in our present location. From that time till the 25th the regiment was engaged on fatigue duty. July 26 left camp at 5 p. in., crossed the Appomattox, and after march- ing all night crossed the James River at Jones Landing on pontoons just before daylight. The regiment was formiimed in a beautiful oak grove near Strawberry Plain s, and at sunrise the batteries of the enemy opened and announced that our advance had Yeen discovered. Tl~roughout the day we were in the reserve portion ot th~ brigade. As the enemy were driven back we advanced, and at night formed a picket- line on the right. On the 28th we relieved the Ninety-ninth and One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiments, and remained on picket on the New Market road till night, when we were relieved by a portion of the First Division, and recrossed the James and Appomattox Rivers, and at daybreak on the 29th were massed iu the rear of the Eighteenth Corps, where we remained all day. At night we moved into the front line of works and relieved a portion of the Tenth Army Corps. During the attack on the enemys works on the morning of the 30th by the Ninth Army Corps we were exposed to the shot, shell, and musketry fire of the enemy, but escaped without any loss. Returned to camp on the 31st. During this long and eventful cam~aigu both officers and men have, by their bravery, constancy, and devotion to duty, exhibited themselves as worthy soldiers of the Republic. I would refer to the nominal list of casualties, numbering 374, as a proof of the faithful discharge of duty by the Seventeenth Maine Regiment. To several privates warrants as non-commissioned officers have been issued for gallantry aiid good conduct during the several engage- ments in which the regiment has participated. To Major Moore, Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Major Gilbreath, Twentieth Indiana, who at different times were in command of the regiment,~1 would tender my thanks for their valuable services. Our gratitude i Page 237 CHAP. LXIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES RIVER, VA. 237 due to Him who is the only giver of all Victory for whatever of success our arms have achieved. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHARLES B. MERRILL, Lieutenant- Colonel, Seventeenth Maine Regiment. Lieut. J. H. LocKwooD, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade. [36 and 40.] Report of M~j. Walter A. Van Rensselaer, Eightieth New York Infantry (Twentieth State Militia), including operations to July 30. HDQRS. TWENTIETH REGT. NEW YORK STATE MILITIA, City Point, Va., August 6, 1864. CAPTAIN: In obedience to Special Orders, No. 209, current series, headquarters Army of the Potomac, I have the honor to report that no casualties occurred iu this regiment during the time mentioned in that order, and also to submit the inclosed report. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. A. VAN RENSSELAER, Capt. Pu. SCHUYLER, Major, Commanding. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [Inclosure.] Operations of Twentieth Regiment of New York State Militia from May 1 to July 30, 1864. FIRST EPOCH. May 4..-.-All public property that could be taken away having been removed from Brandy Station Depot, regiment marched at 11 p. in., and bivouacked at Steven sbnrg. Distance, five miles. May 5.Resumed march at 6 a. in. Crossed Rapidan River on a pontoon bridge at Gold Mine Ford, and reached headquarters of the army at Wilderness Tavern, in the Wilderness, at 7 p. m. Distance marched, eighteen miles. May 6.Guarding prisoners of war. May 7.Guarding prisoners of war. SECOND EPOCH. May 8.Marched at 1.30 p. in. in charge of prisoners, and encamped at 7 p. in. near Piney Branch Church. Distance, twenty miles. May 9.Marched about six miles and encamped north side of Fred- ericksburg and Orange plank road. May 12.Marched to near Salem Church, on plank road. Distance, six miles. ]Jiay 13.Marched at 6 a. m. in charge of 7,000 prisoners of war to Belle Plain. Distance, seventeen miles. May 14.Marched at 2 p. in., and bivouacked near Rappahannock River opposite Fredericksburg. Distance, seventeen miles. May 15.Marched at 8 a. in., and encamped in rear of Fredericks- burg, Va Page 238 238 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. THIRD EPOCH. May 21.G and I Companies marched to Belle Plain in charge of prisoners of war. Remainder of regiment marched at 7 p. m. down the Bowling Green road and bivouacked at 12 p. m. near the Massaponax River. May 22.Marched at 5 a. in., following the Bowling Green road, and halted for night near Wilbon. Distance marched, ten miles. May 23.Companies C- and I rejoined regiment. Marched at 7 a. m. and encamped at Milford, on the Mattapony. Distance marched, nine miles. May 24.Marched at 3 p. in., crossing the Mattapony at Milford, and encamped near Wrights Taverii. Distance marched, four miles. FOURTH EPOCH. May 27.Marched at 7 a. in., recrossing the Mattapony at Milford, and encamped a mile west of the Mattacocy. Distance marched, fifteen miles. May 28.Marched at 7 a. in., and passing through Newtown, encamped near the Mattapony, opposite Dunkirk. Distance marched, twelve miles. May 29.Marched at 7 a. m. and encamped two miles north of Pamnukey, opposite New Castle. Distance marched, ten miles. May 30.Crossed the Pamunkey on a pontoon bridge and encamped two miles from bridge on the Hanover Court.House road, A and K Companies guarding bridges. May 31.Moved back one mile nearer bridge. Total number of prisoners of war received during the month, 10,315. June 1.Marched at 11 a. m. toward White House, Va., and biv- ouacked near Old Church. Distance marched, nine miles. June 2.Marched at 8 a in., and passing Old Church encamped at Parsleys Corner, near Andersons Mill, three miles east of Cold Harbor. FIFTH EPOCH. June 116Marehed at 3 p. in., and bivouacked at 7.30 p. m. at Tun- stalls Station. Distance marched, eight miles. June 12.Marched at 6 p. in. to near White House and bivouacked. Distance marched, four miles. June 13.Marched at 6 a. in., and taking the river road passed Cum- berland Landing and Slatersville, and bivouacked at Ropers Church. Distance marched, twenty miles. June 14.Marched at 5.30 a. m. three miles and encamped. June 15.Marched at 3 p. in., crossing the Chickahominy at 6 p. m. on a pontoon bridge, and bivouacked at 12 p. m. Distance marched, fifteen miles. June 16.Marched at 5 a. m. to the James River opposite Fort Pow- hatan. Crossed the river at 3 p. in. on pontoon brid~,e and bivouacked one mile beyond. June 17.Marched at 6 a. in., passed Merchants Hope Church, and bivouacked at Knoxs CrossRoads at 4 p. m. Distance marched, eighteen miles. June 18.Marched a~ ~ p. m. to City Point, Va., and encamped. Dis- tance marched, three miles. Colonel Gates appointed military com- mandant of City Point Page 239 CHAP. LXIIIJ RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES RIVER, VA. 239 June 23.Lieutenant-Colonel llardenbergh, with a detachment con- sisting of three officers and eighty men, embarked on steamer Guide to proceed to Point Lookout and Fort Delaware as guard for 700 prisoners of war. June 25.Regiment, pursuant to orders from Lieutenant-General Grant, embarked on transport and proceeded to Wilcoxs Landing, where disembarked and marched toward Charles City Court-House, to report to Major-General Sheridan. After marching five miles was ordered to occupy earth-works two miles nearer the landing, under com- mand of General Getty,where remained about three hours, when returned to the landing and bivouacked. June 2G.By order of General Sheridan embarked on steamer and returned to City Point. June 29.Lieutenant-Colonel llardenbergh and detachment rejoined regiment. From this date to July 30 regiment engaged in doing pro- vost and guard duty at City Point and on the lines of communication of the Army of the Potomac. W. A. VAN RENSSELAER, Major, Commanding. [36 and 40.] Report of ]JJiaj. James W. Walsh, Third Pennsylvanm Cavalry, including operations to July 30. IIDQRS. BATTALION, THIRD PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, Near Petersburg, Va., August 5, 1864. Report of part taken by Third Pennsylvania Cavalry in campaign from May 4 to July 30, 1864. FiRST EPOCH. May 4, 1864.Regiment moved from Brandy Station, Va., and en- camped on south side of Rapidan River, at Germanna Ford. May 5.Regiment moved to near Wilderness Tavern, where the enemy having been eugaged, it was employed in provost duty, driving up stragglers and escorting prisoners. May 6 and 7.Regiment employed in provost duty, escorting prison- ers and driving up stragglers. Evening of 7th moved about 830 p. ~ and marched to Todds Tavern. SECOND EPOCH. May 8.Regiment moved to Piney Branch Church, and after a short halt marched to near Spotsylvania Court-House, encamping in Spots- woods Beach. Engaged iu driving up stragglers. May 9.Furnished escort to accompany the body of Major-General Sedgwick. May 10.Regiment deployed in right flank of army, occasioned by an alarm that the enemy were making a demonstration on that flank. Evening, broke camp and marched about two miles, camping in an oak woods for the night. May 11.Regiment in camp. Parties employed in driving up strag- glers and keeping the roads open Page 240 240 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. May 12.Engaged in escorting to the rear prisoners taken by Second Army Corps, among which were Major-General Johnson and Brig. Gen. G. II. Steuiart. Evening, two officers and fifty men were sent on picket. May 13.Engaged keeping roads open and driving np stragglers from the woods. May 14.Regiment moved to front of Spotsylvania Courtllouse, camping on main road leading to it. May 15.Engaged escorting prisoners to Fredericksburg, Va. May 16.Regiment in camp. May 17.Broke camp at 10 a. m. Moved two miles to the left and camped in an oak woods opposite Andersons house. May 18.Broke camp at 5 a in., and marching toward the right of army, were employed in keeping up stragglers until noon, when the regiment returned to camp. May 19.Small scouting parties out hunting up stragglers in the woods. May 20.Escorted prisoners to Fredericksburg. May 21.Moved at 9.30 a. in., and halting for a short time at Massa- ponax Church, marched to Guineys Station, where, finding some cav- alry pickets of the enemy, were ordered to the front, but were not engaged. THIRD EPOCH. May 22.Moved about noon, and crossing the river c Tylers place, a mile and a half from the bridge. amped on Mr. May 23.Marched about 8 oclock; halted for an hour at New Bethel Church, and camped for the night near North Anna River. May 24.Moved at 6 a. in., and halting at Carmel Church until 4 p. in., marched to south side of North Anna River and encamped for the night. May 25.Moved at 2 p. in., recrossing the river and camping on north side. May 26.Engaged in bringing in prisoners and escorting them to therear. May 27.Broke camp early in the morning, and marching rapidly down parallel with North Anna River, through Chesterfield Station, halted at Mangohick Church for the night. FOURTH EPOCH. May 28.Marched at 8 a. m. crossed the Pamunkey River about noon on a pontoon bridge at Abneys Ford, Hanovertown, and went into camp two miles from river. May 29.Regiment in camp. May 30.Marched at 7 a in.; halted at Salem Church until noon, when, moving a mile farther, regiment went into camp in a pine woods which bore marks of the heavy cavalry fight of the Saturday before. May 31.One or two small parties out driving up stragglers. June 1.Marched at 8 a. m. through breast-works over a very dusty road, and halted for the night in an oak woods. June 2.Marched at 7 a. m. along the line of Eighteenth Corps to Cold Harbor, camping on right of road leading to Old Church. Escorted prisoners to rear. June 3.Regiment in line near Kellys house keeping up stragglers and escorting prisoners to rear. Returned to camp in after part of the day. June 4.Regiment on duty collecting stragglers Page 241 CHAP. LXHI.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES RIVER, VA. 241 June 5.Evening, under arms expecting to be called on, a charge having been made on the line of Second Army Corps. June 6.Portion of regiment sent to wagon train for duty in its vicinity. June 7 and 8.Regiment in camp. Small details furnished to escort prisoners to corps headquarters. June 9.One or two detachments out on escort duty. June 10 and 11.Regiment in camp. June 12.Broke camp at 3 p. in., and marching parallel to the Chickahominy, passing Saint James Church cai Tylers plantation. , nped for the night on FIFTH EPOCH. June 13.Moved at 5 a. in.; halted at Einmaus Church about an hour; crossed the Chickahominy, and passing Saint Marys Church, marched to Clarkes farm. Halted until headquarters arrived, when regiment went on picket near Westover Church. June iLScouting parties out looking for General Wilsons cavalry division, which arrived about noon, and about 3 p. m. regiment returned to Charles City Court-House. June 15.Broke camp at 10 a. in. and marched to James River, halt- ing for the night near Douthats plantation. Regiment employed in hunting up stragglers. June 16.Broke camp at 9 a in.; crossed James River on pontoon bridge, and marched to the vicinity of Petersburg, Va. June 17.Portion of regiment engaged in taking stragglers to dif- ferent corps headquarters and part on duty in rear of Fifth Corps line. June 18.Regiment on duty in rear of Fifth Corps line. June 19.Regiment on picket on left of army. June 20.Regiment on picket. Returned to camp late in the evening. June 21.Engaged bringing in prisoners and escorting stragglers to different corps headquarters. June 22.Broke camp at 7 a in.; crossed Suffolk railroad, and after scouting during the day on left flank of army, camped near old Jeru- saleiii plank road. June 23.Moved about 10 a. in. one mile farther front, and went into camp. Evening, portion of regiment on duty on line occupied by Sixth Army Corps. June 24.Regiment scouting in the direction of Surry Court-House. June 25.Regiment in camp. June 2G.Small parties taking prisoners to different corps head- quarters. June 27.Regiment in camp. June 28.Small parties out hunting up stragglers. June 29.Regiment on picket on left of line. June 30.Regiment returned to camp in evening at 9 p. m. July 1 and 2.Regiment in camp. July 3.Engaged escorting prisoners to different corps headquar. ters. July 4, 5, and 6.Regiment in camp. July 7.Engaged escorting stragglers to different corps headquar- ters. July 8.Regiment in camp. July 9.Regiment on escort duty. July 10.Portion of regiment engaged in examination of corps trains for unlicensed sutlers. 16 ii RVOL LI, PT Page 242 242 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL July 11.Portion of regiment scouting in the evening. July 12.Broke camp at 8 a. in., marching toward the right and one mile and a half in rear of Eighteenth Corps line, and went into camp. July 13 and 14.Regiment in camp. July 15.Regiment under arms and present at execution of two soldiers. July 16 and 17.Regiment in camp. July 18.Small parties escorting prisoners to different corps head- quarters. July 19 and 20.Portion of regiment on escort duty. July 21.Regiment in camp. July 22, 23, 24, and 25.Small parties out on escort duty. July 26, 27, and 28.Regiment in camp. July 29.Escorting prisoners. July 30.Regiment in saddle at 3.30 [a. in.]; moved to front and drawn up in line in rear of troops of Eighteenth Corps. After the explosion of the mine, escorted a few prisoners to the rear. Returned to camp about noon. Respectfully submitted. J. W. WALSH, Major, Commanding Battalion, Third Pennsylvania Cavalry. [36 and 40.1 Report of Col. Andrew if. Tippin, Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, including operations to June 30. IIDQRS. SIXTY-EIGHTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, August 6, 1864. CAPTAIN: I would respectfully submit the following report called for by Special Orders, No. 209, headquarters Army of the Potomac, August 5, 4864, of the part taken by this regiment in the several operations of the campaign from the date mentioned and in the order required: First epoch.Gnarding prisoners, under direction of provost-marshal- general, Army of the Potomac, and arresting stragglers from the different corps composing the army. Second epoch.Guarding prisoners, and, in connection with other troops, delivered about 7,500 rebel prisoners to General Abercrombie at Belle Plain, Va. Third cpoch.Guarding prisoners and headquarters wagon train. Brisk skirmish at Guineys Bridge on May 21, and succeeded in driv- ing the enemy (in connection with the troops of the brigade) from his position. Fourth cpoch.Guarding prisoners and headquarters wagon train. Fifth cpoch.Guarding prisoners and headquarters wagomm train. On the night of the 23d June moved to the left of the line south of Peters burg, for the purpose of supJ)orting Battery E, Fifth (5. 5. Artillery. Was relieved the next morning. Occupied the same position on the 29th, and relieved on the evening of the 30th. Respectfully, & c., A. H. TIPPIN, Colonel, Commanding Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. PH. SCHUYLER, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, [36 and 40. Page 243 CH~. LXIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES RIVER, VA. 243 Report of Col. Charles H. 1?. Collis, One hundred and fourteenth Penn sylvania infantry, including operations to July 31. HDQRS. 114TH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, August 9, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the following operations of my regiment during the campaign of the spring and summer of 1864: FIRST EPOCH. Left Brandy Station, near Culpeper, Va., on the morning of May 4 with 16 officers and 232 men. Marched in charge of general headquar- ters train to Culpeper Mine Ford. Crossed the ford and went into camp at 8.30 p. Iii. May 5.Marched to Wilderness Tavern. Was temporarily assigned to Major-General Warren. Bo die returned to headquarters. SECOND EPOCH. May 7..-Marched to Todds Tavern. May 8.Marched to Lewis farm on Spotsylvania road, four miles from Spotsylvania. May 12.Changed camp to Armstrongs farm. May 14.Changed camp to Harris farm. May 17.Changed camp to Anderson. farm. May 18.Changed camp to Harris farm, but returned to Andersons farm. THIRD EPOCH. May 21.Broke camp at 5.30 a. m. and marched in charge of wagon train toward Guineys Station. At 12 m. heard that the enemys cav- alry were in our front. Ordered my own regiment and Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers to the head of the train. Deployed two com- panics of the Sixty-eighth on each side of the road and threw out flankers. Moved forward to within half a mile of Guineys Bridge, to which point the enemy had retired. Sent Captain Gallagher with fifty men of Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers to report to the officer at the bridge (Colonel Pope, I believe). Not knowing which road the wagon train was ordered to take I halted here for further instructions. Received orders from the major-general commanding in person to drive the enemy from the bridge and hold it. Moved to the bridge with my own regiment and the Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Ordered Captain Gallagher to carry the bridge by assault. The attempt was made with commendable gallantry, but, owing to barricades thrown up by the enemy, failed. I then put my own regiment (in charge of Major Bowen) across the stream below the bridge, and directed him to move rapidly on the enemy, drive them from the bridge, and capture his entire force if possible. This movement had the desired effect of clearing the way. The enemy immediately retired, and after crossing my whole force, now augmented by the arrival of a battalion of regular engineers (Capt. ) and a squadron of Ffrst Massachusetts Cavalry (Cap- tain Adams), I deployed my infantry as skirmishers, moved rapidly forward, and directed Captain Adams to move through the woods on my left to the enemys right flank, attack him in reverse, and capture his right wing. Captain Adams, however, owing to the swampy nature of the ground, was unable to execute this order. Having driven th Page 244 244 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. IXIJI. enemy to Catletts house, I was relieved by a brigade of the Fifth Corps and returned to headquarters. I lost 1 man killed and 2 wounded in the Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Captured 2 officers and 9 men and killed and wounded a few of the enemy. May 22.Encamped at Tylers farm. May 23.Marched to Chesterfields, or Montagues, farm. May 24.Crossed North Anna at Jericho Mills. May 25.Recrossed North Anna at Island Ford. FOURTH EPOCH. May 27.Marched to Mangohick. Started at 3 a. in.; went into camp at 4 p. m. ]IIay 28.Crossed Pamunkey and went into camp on farm. May 30.Marched to Salem Church. June 1.Marched to Armstrongs farm. June 2.Marched to Cold Harbor. FIFTH EPOCH. June 12.Marched to Summit Station. June 13.Crossed Chickahominy at Long Bridge and wcnt into camp at Charles City Court-House. June 15.Arrived at Wilcoxs Landing, on James River. June 16.Crossed James River and went into camp on Bryans farm, near Petersbnrg. June 22.Moved to Jones farm. June 23.Regiment ordered to left flank of the army to report to commanding officer of a brigade in Fifth Corps; threw up works; returned to camp same night. June 29.Ordered to report to General Gibbon at the Williams house. June 30.Returned to camp. ~7uly 12.Changed camp to present location. There have been no casualties in my regiment. Respectfully submitted. CHARLES H. T. COLLIS, Capt. PH. SCHUYLER, Colonel, Commanding. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [36 and 40.] Reports of Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early, C. S. Army, of oneratiuns May 30 June 6. MAY 30, [1864]11 p. m. GENERAL: I moved out this afternoon on the Mechanicsville road and advanced to Bethesda Church, where a force of the enemy was found upon the road toward Old Cold Harbor. This was driven back by Rodes division beyond Bethesda Church and the road to Cold Har- bor cleared. Rodes then extended down the road toward Old Church, and I brought up my own division. The enemy being jn force along and this side of the road from Hund]eys Corner to Old Church, I determined then to advance toward McGregor~s and try and cut th Page 245 CHAP. LXIII.] HAPIDAN TO THE JAMES RIVER, VA. 245 enemys line, and sent a request to Anderson to advance a division along the road to Old Church and take the enemy in the flank, and when I supposed he was advancing I sent forward two brigades with the intention ot supporting them by the other troops, including Gor- dons division, which had come. The enemy was found in heavy force, intrenched, and was also extending rapidly to my right. Pegrams brigade was compelled to retire, sustaining considerable loss, and hear- ing nothing from Anderson I desisted from the effort to break the enemy~s line, as it was evident it would be attended with considerable loss and the attack had to be made under great disadvantages. I have main- tamed the position gained until after dark, but am now withdrawing to connect with Andersons right, forming a line across the Mechanicsville road by Mrs. Dickinsons house and Johnsons. Only one division will be in line, and the rest in the rear, the whole corps being south of Beaver Dam. The enemy is evidently in heavy force along the ridge on which the road from Hundleys Corner to Old Church runs. Prisoners (of which we have about 100) were taken from the Fifth and Second Corps, and I am told there are more from the Ninth Corps, but of this I am not certain. I regret to say that Colonel Willis is very severely wounded and Colonel Terrill killed or in the hands of the enemy wounded. My loss, except in Pegrams brigade, is small. I send letter from General Butler.* My headquarters will be on the Mechan- icsville road near the troops. Respectfully, J. A. EARLY, Major- General. General R. B. LEE, Commanding Army of Northern Virginia. [36.] JUNE 3, [1864]8.30 p. m. G~NERAL: The enemy has made five or six assaults on us to-day, all of which have been repulsed with slight loss to us and I hope heavy loss to the enemy. He is strongly posted at Bethesda Church, and in the country between the [road] running by it and the road from lund- leys Corner to Raleighs. My left (Heths) has nothing to rest upon, and is exposed to flank movements, and as I have nothing whatever in reserve, I cannot now move with advantage on the enemys flank, and as the enemy moves farther to our right we would be too far off to reach the right, I intend withdrawing back to the old line of breast-works, leaving Ransom and Gordoim on the south side of Beaver Dam, and putting Rodes across the road at ilundleys Corner, leaving Heth to rejoin his corps. This is, according to my judgment, the best thing to be done under present circumstances. Hampton has not communicated with me since he started out. Some shells were thrown into Heth~s rear from the direction of Raws, evidently from a cavalry command, and a small body of cavalry appeared on the left, in the direction of Raws Shop. But I have a suspicion that the cavalry may have been Hamptons. The pickets that were out ran in without ascertaining, and 1 would not be surprised if the shells were also thrown by Hamp- tons command. If, however, it was Yankee cavalry there is a stronger reason for my withdrawing. My headquarters will be at Mr. Hunters, where I saw you yesterday, or on the Mechanicsville road near the lane * Not found Page 246 246 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL to his house, but it will be late before I get there. I will keep a look- out, and if I get a chance to strike the enemy on the flank I will do so. I have an idea that the enemy may withdraw farther to the right, but this is another reason why I should withdraw, so as to have my troops available for a move to the right. Though I withdraw, I think we have done very well and the movement is in accordance with what I think are your views. I dont think the enemy has any designs to advance on the road by ilundleys Corner, but I have Rodes there to prevent reconnoitering parties and for greater security. Burnside s corps is ou this flank, and the whole object of the enemy is, I think, to protect his flank. Respectfully, J. A. EARLY, Major- General. General R. E. LEE, [36.] Commanding Army of Northern Virginia. JUNE 4, [1864]. GENERAL: Sconts report no movement of enemy against my left or to our left. Enemys cavalry pickets from Bowles to Vias and across to flaws Shop. No infantry beyond Totopotomoy. I think enemys right rests at Bethesda, thrown back and strongly intrenched. All quiet in front except occasional sharpshooting. J. A. EARLY, Major- General. General LEE. [36.] JUNE 5, 18645.30 p. m. ~-ENERAL: Captain Page crossed the Totopotomoy at Pole Green Church, and went down and recrossed to F. Whitlocks, (see General Smiths map), and from there to Vias near road from ~ to flaws Shop, and found this road picketed with cavalry, and he could not get through. My left brigade was thrown back yesterday before moving on this road to protect the left flank. Captain Page then recrossed the Totopotomoy and went down in the direction of flaws Shop and found the road picketed by cavalry here also. He learned from some citizens that all the infantry had crossed over to this side of the Totopotomoy. ile saw no infantry about Whitlocks or Vias. If any advance had been contemplated on my left, he certainly would have found infantry at Whitlocks, which is a commanding position. fle could not see near Bethesda, but I am satisfied from the state of things we left, and the existence of the cavalry pickets, that the enemys right is at Bethesda, thrown back along and parallel to the road from Bethesda to Gilmans Mill. The enemy certainly had intrenched at Bethesda~ and the assist- ~nt adjutant-general of one of the divisions of Burnsides corps, who was captured by Rodes command, stated that they had intrenched at that point a day or two before with a view to the movement by the left. In the morning I will test the enemy~s strength at Bethesda. It is too late now. I have no fears for my left. I saw to-day some prisoners from the Eighteenth Corps. One of them was quite communicative and said Butler had been superseded by Smith. He further said, though not in my presence, that their loss was quite large yesterday, and tha Page 247 CHAP. LXIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES RIVER, VA. 247 his command had just arrived when it advanced to the attack. He says Gilimore is certainly here, that he saw liim himself, and that oniy a brigade of negroes and some cavalry were left on the south side. Pris- oners taken by some men of ileths yesterday say that their loss was heavy on that flank. My headquarters will be at Nances, about 200 yards north of Mechanicsville road and from a quarter to a half mile from Turners. General Field is at latter place. Itespeetfully, A. EAL~LY, 111 ajor- General. Telegraph sent containing substance of this. [General li. E. LEE.] 136.] JuNE 6, [1864]10.20 a. m. GENERAL: As before stated, the enemy is not in my front, nor is he in the front of General Field or the left of Picketts line. I have advanced skirmishers along in front of our lines across the enemys nntil they are in front of Picketts corps. A line of skirmishers have been found running back, as far as I can jndge, across from some point on Picketts line to the Mattadequin or beyond it in the direction of Raleighs or Old Church. Sheridans cavalry is reported by prisoners to be north of the Totopotomoy. Certai.nly cavalry was on that side late last evening. My troops are between Bethesda and Picketts left, in front of Fields left, with one division thrown across perpendicular to our lilies. As the last message from you stated that no movement is reported to our right, it has occurred to me that perhaps the enemy has moved back his right to induce us to uncover the Mechanicsville road, and I do not deem it prudent, therefore, to advance farther until I ascertain something defi- nite of the enemys movements, which I am endeavoring to do. The coni~try in front of our line is very rough and difficult, and rendered more so by an intricate system of works made by the enemy. I see as yet no road along the rear of the enemys lines on which artillery or wagons have been heard. Respectfully, ~ A. EARLY, Major- General. [General R. E. LEE.] [P. S.]I have heard nothing from Hampton for two days. He would be of great assistance to me now. J. A. E. [36.] Jw~ 6, 18641.30 p. m. GENERAL: I have ascertained very closely, I think, that the enemys infantry is moving to your right. Warrens corps, the last which left, passed to the rear by Allens Mill. The enemy have a line running from about the middle of General Andersons line across the Mattade- quin, east of Bartons house, and our skirmishers are across the creek at Bartons. I am going to try and strike at the enemy on the other side of Mattadequin and run down toward Beulah Church. The move- ment will be a difficult one, as 1 find the enemy has everywhere the most intricate system of breast-works, facing every way and making Page 248 248 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL perfect labyrinth, and that it is almost a matter of impossibility to strike him on the right flank, as he always has a fortified position for it to rest on. A lady from near Old Church reports a large body of cavalry movitig by that place toward Hanover Court-House and that it was moving from sunrise to 9 oclock this morning. Respectfully, J. A. EARLY, Lieutenant- General. General li. E. LEE. [36.1 Report of ]I~faj. Gen. Richard IL Anderson, C. S. Army, commandinq First Army Corps, of operations Miay 8. SPOTSYLVAN~A Couwr-JlousE, May 8, 186411.30 a. m. GENERAL: After a sharp encounter with the Fifth Army Corps (Warrens) and Torberts division of cavalry, our troops repulsed the enemy with heavy slaughter, and took possession of this place at 1O.3t) oclock. I do not think that our loss has been great, but I have no report as yet. The Fifth Army Corps and Torberts cavalry have been beaten back on the Todds Tavern road and the cavalry which came up on the Fredericksburg road have been beaten back on that road. I have just received intelligence from General Fitz. Lee that the enemy are showing increased force on the Todds Tavern road, but I have at the same time .the very agreeable information that General Ewells corps is coming np and is now within supporting distance. I have not been able to find out whether the cavalry which came up the Fredericks- burg road were a part of Torberts or some other command. I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, H. H. ANDERSON, Major- General. General R. E. LEE. [36.] Reports of Maj. Gen. James F. 11. Stuart, C. S. Army, of operations May 7. Mns. ROWES ORCHARD, May 7, 1864. GENERAL: The situation on extreme right is as follows: Enemy occupies Todds Tavern; General Fitz. Lee, between that point and Spotsylvania Court-House, was hard pressed just before dark, when 1 made.an attack with Gordon and Rosser on Catharpin road, driving him to within a mile of Todds Tavern, where fighting was kept up after dark butt has now ceased. The line of the enemys fire was very long, apparently a mile. Cavalry was driven back but could not dis- cover whether infantry occupied the line finally taken. Have beeii trying to ascertain that fact but have not yet succeeded. General Fitz. Lee evidently believes infantry was attacking him at Todds Tavern. Our scout found no column moving there after the enemy was engaged with General Lee beyond. General Lee could see cavalry moving from Chancellorsville via Todds Tavern. A division of cav- alry would he more like to move on the flank than on the same point. General F. Lee has said nothing of l)lank and Fredericksburg turn- pikes. Since writing the foregoing have received your note of 7 p. m. I will have a guide at Shady Grove for General Anderson. He wil Page 249 CHAP. LXIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES RIVER, VA. 249 have to take Spotsylvania Court- House road at that point, and I pre- sume the route to White Hall is knowu to his command (Fields divis- ion). I will send confidential notice to General Fitz. Lee, so that he will make arrangements accordingly. It is eight or ten miles from Shady Grove. General A[nderson] may find it nearer to cross over at Tinders Mills~ to General Lees present position. I am at Mrs. Rowes. I will go with General A[nderson] if deemed best. Please let me know. Most respectfully, J. E. B. STUART, Major- General. General IR. E. LEE. [36.] MRS. ROWES ORCHARD, May 7, 186411 p. rn. GENERAL: Inclosed is General Fitz. Lees latest, 7.30 to-night. I regret exceedingly his losses. The enemy was attacked here as soon as possible after his engagement became known and the fight continued until after dark, all to relieve General Lee. He could not hear it where he was. Courier says General Lees prisoners are all cavalry, taken in the severest attack. Most respectfully, J. E. B. STUART, ijiajor- General. General R. E. LEE. P. S.I do not consider the presence of infantry at Todds Tavern at all certain. [Inclosure.] Two MILES AND A HALF FROM TODDS TAVERN, ON SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE ROAD, May 6 [7?], 18647.30 p. rn. [General J. B. B. STUART:] GE~iuAL: Since my last dispatch I have been attacked by a heavy force of enemy. Dismounted and mounted cavalry, with artillery, as far as I could learn. The force was the old division of Bufords, commanded by Torbert. Prisoners state he was assisted by Gregg. After a des- perate tight I was forced to relinquish the position I had chosen and fell back three-quarters of a mile to another one, where the advance of the enemy was checked and he in turn driven back. My loss in killed and wounded was very heavy, amongst them very valuable officers. Colonel Collins was killed or mortally wounded and his body fell into the hands of the enemy. Colonel Owen, of the Third, won nded; Cap- tains Ball, Weaver, and Carter, and Lieutenant Fuller, of Sixth, all wounded; Lieutenant Edmondson, ofFirst, and Lieutenant WingWd, of Fourth, killed, and many others killed and wounded. It is impos- sible to ascertain at this time how many. Captain Harding, of Fif- teenth, and Lieutenant Button, of Fifth, also reported wounded. I have the honor to repoit also that Major Bowie, of my staff, and Cap- tain Grady, of General Lomaxs staff, were wounded on yesterday. Seeing the heavy odds against me, I sent in the beginning of the fight to General Rosser, stating if he was not employed where he was he had better re-enforce me. It was not done. I now respectfully sug- gest that, if the enemys cavalry remain in the vicinity of Todds Tav- ~rn to-morrow, our cavalry in this vicinity co-operate and attack. Very respectfully, & c., FITZ. LEE, Major- General Page 250 250 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL P. S.Major McClellans dispatch of 3.30 p. m. just received. I cant ascertain at the present moment whether the force in my front at Todds Tavern to-day was infantry or not. Major Flournoy, of Sixth, and Captain Fitzhugh, of Fifth, and all the vedettes and scouts out, reported it infantry. Infantry was also reported in IRossers front. There is no infantry anywhere in my vicinity that I know of. FL., Major- (Jeneral. [36.] Report of Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, C. S. Army, of operations May 913. NEAR POLE GREEN CHURCH, May 13, 186411 a. m. GENERAL: I have the honor to inclose a communication* just re- ceived from General Bragg for your information. The enemys cavalry retreated this morning in the direction of Tunstalls and Dispatch Sta- tions, after quite a spirited effort to capture Richmond. My division, after leaving Spotsylvania Court-House on 9th, engaged the enemys rear heavily on that day and on 10th. On 11th drove the enemy out of Ashland, and, following the Telegraph road down, intersected the enemys line of march at Yellow Tavern, six miles from Richmond. I at once attacked them and the fight raged with fury until dark, the enemy making no progress that day beyond that point. General Bragg attributes the safety of Richmond to the vigor of this attack, which enabled him to draw troops from Drewrys Bluff to repel their assault on Richmond the next day. Their force is a very heavy one, under the command of Sheridan. I shall retain Gordons brigade with me for the present to watch their further movements on Peninsula. My division alomie was engaged at Yellow Tavern, Gordon being on their rear some distance behind, delayed by their obstructing the roads. My lines were finally forced (a) back three-quarters of a mile just before dark by their overwhelming numbers. General Stuart was with me, and I deeply regret to add that he received a wound which has since proved mortal. My loss dnring these engagements has been very heavy, par- ticularly in officers. In addition to those you already know of, Colonel Pate, of Fifth, Lient. Col. Robert Randolph, of Fourth, were killed ,and Major Wooldridge, of Fourth, lost a leg, besides the loss of many sub- ordinate officers killed and wounded, particularly captains. Many com- panie~ are without a commissioned officer and several squadrons are commanded by second lieutenants. In the fight yesterday General Gordon was wounded in the arm and will probably lose it. Colonel Cheek, First North Carolina Cavalry, has also been wounded. Fery respectfully, your obedient servant, FITZ. LEE, Major- General. aThe left of the line was forced back, losing two pieces of artillery which were posted on extreme left. FL., Major. General. General R. E~ LEE, [36.] Commanding. Not found Page 251 CRAP. LXIH.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 251 JUNE 13JULY 31, 1864.The Richmond (Virginia) Campaign. Report of Bvt. ]kfaj. Gen. Rufus Ingalls, U. S. Army, Chief Quartermcts- ter Armies operating against Richmond, of operations July 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D. C., September 28, 1865. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, called for in your General Orders, No 39, of July 1, of the present year. By reference to my report of last year, rendered on the 28th of August, 1864, and which you did me the honor to publish with your own, together with my report for the previous fiscal year and the Chancellorsyille Campaign, it will be observed that on the 1st of July, 1864, I was on duty at City Point, Va., at the head- quarters of the lieutenant-general commanding the Armies of the United States, as chief quartermaster Armies operating against Rich- mond. These armies were composed of the Army of the Potomac and Arniy of the James, and our lines extended from the north side of the James River near Richmond to the southeast of Petersburg, a distance of over twenty-five miles, along the whole length of which was almost constant skirmishing nigbt and day. Several attempts had been made before the 1st of July to carry the enemys works and to find and turn his flanks, sometimes bringing on severe conflicts, but without material success on our side. I refer to the attacks of the 16th, 17th, 18th of June, and to Generals Wilsons and Kautzs expedition to Reams Station June 2~ to 28, more particularly. It became manifest that the defense of Richmond and Petersburg would be as protracted and stubborn as the resources and ability of the rebel commander could render it. I pro- ceeded, therefore, under the written orders of the lieutenant-general, to create suitable depots for receiving and storing and issuing necessary suppjies for the armies. The principal depot was established at City Point, on the James, at the mouth of the Appomattox, and was made one of the most convenient, commodious, economical, and perfect ever provided for the supply of armies. I have already rendered you a special report on the 24th of June last of this depot, showing the amount of wharfage, store-houses, railroad shops, tracks, & c., with a recommen- dation how to dispose of the same. A secondary depot was kept up at Bermuda Hundred, and a still lesser one at Deep Bottom, more especially for the Army of the James. There was an average of some 40 steam-boats of all sorts including tugs, 75 sail vessels, and 100 barges daily in the James River, engaged in the transportation of supplies, arid plying between that river and the Northern ports. With such facilities an army of 50() ,000 men could have been fully supplied within any reasonable distance of our base. I do not know the whole number of vessels employed in our supply. A daily line of boats was established between City Point and Washington for mail and passenger service. Besides this, our transport fleet was constantly engaged in bringing cavalry and artillery horses, mules, clothing, ammunition, sub- sistence, & c., and carrying back to Washington broken-down animals and other unserviceable property. The depot was placed under the charge of Col. P. P. Pitkin, who held the position of chief quarter- master of the depot until November 7, 1864, when- he resigned to accept the position of quartermaster-general of the State of Vermont, and was succeeded by Col. George W. Bradley. Both of the gentle- men were highly experienced, vigorous, and accomplished officers, an Page 252 252 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXC1~PT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. performed their very arduous and responsible duties with great credit to themselves and advantage to the service. The chief quartermaster at the principal depot always kept direct charge of the water transporta- tion in James River. The other branches of the department, however, such as employ6s, forage, clothing, and railroad transportation, were in charge of subordinate quartermasters, selected for peculiar fitness, subject to the supervisiou of the chief depot quartermaster, who was required to report to me in writing every day, such as arrivals and clearances of shipping, receipts and issues of clothing, forage, & c. The chief quartermaster of each army was requirod to render, on or before the 25th of every month, a detailed, consoiidated estimate, revised and approved by the army commander, of the supplies required for issue to the army the month following. Upou this data I prepared and sub- mitted my estimate for the combined forces on or before the 1st of each month. This method had very many good results, it compelled all interested to ascertain the real wants of the troops, and to secure their regular and prompt supply. No quartermasters stores were permitted to be sent to the armies, except over my signature. The funds were generally deposited to the credit of Bvt. Lieut. Col. William T. Howell, on duty in my office as disbursing officer, oii my requisition, and distrib- uted by him to division and brigade quartermasters on their estimates, duly approved by the various commanders and countersigned by me. My printed orders and circulars iu the hands of my subordinates pre- scribed the manner in which they should perform their duties on all points where the regulations and general orders were silent. An exten- sive repair depot was established near City Point, and placed in charge of Bvt. Lieut. Col. E. J. Strang, who received all serviceable animals and means of transportation from the Washington depot and made the issues to the armies, and who received from the armies unserviceable stock, wagons, ambulances, & c., and shipped back all that could not be repaired in his shops. He employed a force of about 1,800 car- penters, wheelwrights, blacksmiths, saddlers, corral hands, teamsters, la4orers, and guards. Dnring the year ending June 30, 1865, lie had repaired 3,653 army wagons and 2,414 ambulances. He had shod 19,618 horses and 31,628 mules. He received 27,116 serviceable horses and 10,893 mules, 436 wagons, and 36 ambulances. He received from the troops 16,344 unserviceable horses 9 684 mules, 1,392 wagons, and 400 ambulances. He received also by the surrender of Lees army 400 horses, 1,300 mules, 101 wagons, and 90 ambulances. He issued to the troops 31,3S6 horses, 18,891 mules, 1,536 wagons, and 370 ambulances. He sent back for recuperation and repair 13,575 horses, 4,313 mules, 743 wagons, and 36 ambulances, besides a great amount of harness and other property. I mention these items simply to convey an idea of the duties to be l)er- formed at depots. This was only one branch. As soon as we occupied City Point, General McCallum, the able officer iii charge of U. S. military railroads, had a strong construction corps on the spot prepared to rebuild the railroad up to our lines near Petersburg, and afterward as fast as the army gained ground to the southeast a temporary extension was laid close to our forces, until finally it extended to Hatchers Run, a distance of about nineteen miles. Along this road were stations, as described in my last report on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, where sidings and platforms were made for the prompt (listribution of supplies to the different commands. This road saved much wear and tear of the wagon trains and enabled the lieutenant-general to concen- trate troops rapidly at any desirable point. After the surrender o Page 253 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 253 Lee, this roadthe new portionwas dismantled and the material placed in depot to be disposed of in proper time. The great field bospital at City Point has been described in other reports. It was a very perfect one for the purpose. The medical officers in charge exercised great taste and judgment in its management. There was a somewhat similar field hospital for the Army of the James at Point of Rocks, on the Appomattox. The medical department of each army had its own wharves, store-ho uses, transports, and hospitals, under the control of its medical officers. The ordnance and subsistence departments had special wharves and store-houses, so also had General Abbot, who had charge of siege guns and material for the entire line, all constructed by the quartermasters department.* * * * * * * * On the 1st of July, 1864, there were on hand in the armies operating against Richmond means of land transportation as follows: 41,329 horses, 23,961 mules, 4,440 army wagons, 57 two-horse light wagons, and 915 ambulances. At the beginning of the last campaign my returns show on hand as follows: 24,192 horses, 23,356 mules, 4,071 army wagons, 144 two-horse light wagons, and 907 ambulances. After the close of the final campaign, say on May 1, 1865, the means of transportation were as follows: 33,948 horses, 25,093 mules, 4,207 army wagons, 140 two-horse light wagons, and 820 ambulances. This property was used as prescribed in the orders of the lieutenant- general, a copy of which accompanied my last report, and most of it came to Washington with the troops last May and June, and was turned into the depot, as the troops were discharged, for final disposi- tion under your orders. This transportation was in most excellent condition and rendered services of vital importance on the last grand campaign from Petersburg and Richmond to Appomattox Court-House. There were many partial movements of the armies from July 1,1864, to the opening of the last campaign, but they did not render many new dispo,sitions necessary in our department as to the transportation. On the 30th of July the battle of the Mine was fought. On the 9th of August near noon there occurred a fearful explosion in the midst of the City Point depot, killing and wounding some 250 employ6s and soldiers, throwing down over 600 feet in length of ware- houses, and tearing up some 180 linear feet of the wharf. It was found that a barge laden with ordnance stores had been blown up. Immense quantities of shot and shell were thrown into the air and much of it leli in the encampment of the lieutenant-general, wounding, however, only one, Colonel Babcock, of his staff. The lieutenant-general him- self seems proof against the accidents of flood and field. It was assumed at the time that the explosion was the result of carelessness on the part of some one in or near the barge, but the developments made in the trial of the assassins of the late President would show that it was the dastardly work of that infernal rebel torpedo bureau in Richmond. The damages of the depot were soon repaired. August 18 to 20, the Weldon road was seized and thereafter held. An attempt was also made on our right at Deep Bottom. September 30, the Fifth and Ninth Corps of the Army of the Potomac were engaged at Poplar Grove Church, and the Army of the James captured Fort Harrison and one line of works. * Some matter of detail here omitted Page 254 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. 254 October 24 [27] and 25 [28], the Army of the Potomac was engaged at Hatchers Run. December 5 [7], the Fifth Corps, supported by the Ninth, made a march toward Weldon. On such occasions the moving columns were generally directed in orders to be provided with a small stated allowance of sub- sistence, forage, and ammunition wagons and ambulances. The main trains remained parked in safe and convenient positions near the outer defenses of the City Point depot, but always loaded and fully prepared to move forward whenever and wherever needed. It was the rule, after having passed the James, in Jnne, 1864, that each corps should gener- ally be followed by its own trains. On the evening of the 23d of January, 1865, it was known that the rebels were apparently preparing to make a raid down the James with their fleet of iron-dads and wooden boats for the purpose of destroying our depots on the river, particularly that great one at City Point, where supplies had been accumulated and stores to meet the wants of the armies in case the James River and Northern ports should be closed by ice. The weather was already very inclement, and the Potomac and Delaware were then, or shortly afterwards, rendered entirely unnavi- gable by ice. Early on the 24th the rebel fleet approached our obstructions, and one of the iron-dads passed them, but the one following got foul upon them. Our batteries made obstinate resistance, and blew up one of the smaller gun-boats. Our men even were led with great effort to the bank of the river, and poured volleys of musketry into the ram that had passed the obstructions. The navy at that point were not prepared at the moment for any effective resistance. Had the rebels persisted at that time they could, had they succeeded, have inflicted upon us incal- culable losses, the result of which no one can pretend now to estimate; but most fortunately for us they abandoned the raid and retired to their former position. Two or three days later it was impossible for these boats to make a descent. The navy was thoroughly prepared, and I had sent, by order of the lieutenant-general, my aide-de-camp, Byt. Capt. J. W. French, Eighth Infantry, up the river with vessels laden with coal, who sunk two on the night of the 25th to fill up the gap made in the obstructions. He performed this service under the enemys guns with great gallantry. Our lines were extended to Hatchers ilun on the 7th of February. The enemy attacked and carried Fort Stedman, within the lines of the Ninth Corps, on the morniub of 25th of March, but were shortly driven out with a loss of some 4,500 killed, wounded, and prisoners. Meau- time the lieutenant-general was preparing to strike the decisive blow of the whole war. The sick were sent to the rear. The different staff departments were ordered to be in readiness with all necessary supplies for the expected march. The arrangements made by me were similar to those described in my reports of other great battles. The trains were laden with ten days subsistence and forage and sixty rounds per man of ammunition. The troops were fully supplied with clothing, and were required to carry five days subsistence and forty rounds of ammunition on their persons. The trains were to remain in park as usual until the result of the attack should be known. The movement commenced by the left on the 29th of March. On the evening of April 1, Sheridan overthrew the enemy at Five Forks, and gave us possession of the South Side road. On the next night and morning the Sixth Corps, under General Wright, carried the enemys works in its front. The enemy were drive Page 255 CHAP. LXITL] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 255 from his works around Petersburg and Richmond, and tied toward the Danville road. He was pursued with such vigor that our forces reached Burkeville Junction in advance of him and obliged him to attempt some other road. At Amelia Court-House he lost many of his wagons and troops. Our cavalry hung on his rear and destroyed a great amount of his transportation. The rebel army became utterly demor- alized, beaten, dispirited, and was surrendered entire to the lieutenant- general, at Apponiattox Court-House, on the memorable 9th of April. Immediately after the surrender I inspected the rebel trains and saw they were in a horrible condition. I gave orders for the supply of for. age to the animals and that the transportation should be sent into the City Point depot. Permission had been given that all private mules and horses might be taken away by their owners. I was not greatly snrprised to learn afterward that the greater portion of all the animals, particularly all the good ones, were taken away on this pretext. It was very natural to expect it, and I am told the same was observed after the surrender of other rebel armies. There finally reached the City Point depot from General Lees army only 400 horses, 1,300 mules, 101 wagons, and 90 ambulances. Doubtless many animals, wagons, and ambulances were loaned to Confederate officers to enable them to reach certain points, where they probably turned them over. Having made all the necessary dispositions, the lieutenant-general left on the 10th to return to City Point. On the 3d 1 had directed the superintendent of the railroad to repair it at once as far as Burkeville Junction, a distance of fifty-four miles. The gauge had to be reduced to four feet eight inches and a half from Petersburg. When the lieutenant-geueral and staff reached Burke- ville at noon on the 11th, a special train was in waiting for us and we arrived at City Point that same night. Supplies were forwarded and the sick and wounded were taken in at once over this road. Subse- quently the road was worked by the Government to Dauville and Lynchbnrg. It is proper to record that I personally accompanied the lieutenant-general and staff on all the campaigns of the year past and was present in all the principal engagements and battles. I remained on duty at City Point, directing the reduction of employ6s, the discharge of transports, and the diminution oh expenses generally in the quartermasters department, until th~ 8th or May, when I received a telegraphic order from the lieutenant-general to report in person to him in Washington. I reported accordingly on the 10th and since that date have held myself directly subject to his orders from day to day. I established an office for the settlement of outstanding accounts of the armies lately operating against Richmond and continued it until yesterday, when Colonel Howell, who was my disbursing officer, was ordered to report to you. The office is no longer necessary for that purpose. The Treasury Department is now engaged in the settlement of my accounts, which have not been entireTy settled since 1856. I request the privilege of attending to this duty before I am again assigned to any permanent station outside of this city. It is important to me and to the Government that.my accounts shall be closed. I am not respon- sible now, according to my returns, for any public funds or property, so a better opportunity can never be presente4 for the settlement. I have stated to you that in addition I will cheerfully attend to any duty in this city, such as service on boards, to which you may wish to have me assigned Page 256 256 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. My money accounts for the fiscal year are correctly stated below as follows.* With high respect, I am, your most obedient servant, RUFUS INGALLS, Brevet Major- General of Volunteers and Chief Quartermaster Armies before Richmond. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, U. S. Army, Quartermaster- General, Washington, D. C. [40, 42, and 46.] Report of Cot. Richard N. Batchelder, U. S. Army, Chief Quartermaster Army of the Potomac, of operations June 30, 1864, to June 30, 1865. IIDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE ATLANTIC, OFFICE OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER Philadelphia, Pa., September 15 1865. GENERAL: In compliance with General Orders, No.39 ,from the Quar- termaster-Generals Office, I have the honor to submit the following report as chief quartermaster of the Army of the Potomac for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. The report for the previous yeai of the operations of the Second Army Corps and Army of the Potomac while chief quartermaster, was transmitted on the 15th of September, 1864. On tbe 1st of July, 1864, the Army of the Potomac lay before Petersburg, confronting the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Lee. The long and wearisome march from the Rapidan, the sanguinary battles of that campaign, and the continued operations before Peters- bnrg had produced no decisive results. On the 1st of July, 1864, the Army of the Potomac numbered as follows: Commissioned officers, 5,237; enlisted men 109,011; private horses, 4,044; public horses, 29,564; mules, 21,171; ambAlances, 755, and army wagons, 3,777; being 90,685 infantry, 17,370 cavalry, and 6,194 artillery. The unit of organization for the ambulance trains was by corps; for the supply and ammunition trains by divisions. Seven wagons for supplies and three for ammunition were allowed for every 1,000 men present armed and equipped for duty, being ten days rations and 100 rounds of ammunition per man. The intrcnch- ing tools, consisting of 1,000 each of axes and spades and 300 picks, were required to be kept at corps headquarters. The most of July was devoted by the army in strengthening the line of intrenchments from the Jerusalem plank road to the Appomattox with redonbts and siege batteries. In the meantime the attention of officers of the Quarter- masters Department was given to the general improvement of the trains, which were held in readiness at all times for any immediate oper- ations of the army. A large force of the construction corps was engaged in repairing the railroad from City Point. Corduroy roads were also built from the several commands to the main roads, alid thence to City Point, where all supplies were obtained. On the 26th of July the line of defense was held by the Fifth and Ninth Corps. The Second Corps, with two divisions of cavalry under the command of General Hancock, crossed the Jan~es River at Deep I3ottom, where the enemys works were carried; four guns and several prisoners captured. The trains belonging to the commands accompanied under cover of darkness. This demonstration on our part drew to the north side of the river a large portion of Lees army, presenting a favorable opportunity for exploding the mine that had been prepared by the Ninth Corps under one of the enemys batteries. To this end preparations were Omitted Page 257 CHAP. LXITh] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 257 made, General Hancock withdrawing nuder cover of darkness on the night of the 29th from the north side of the James, accompanied by his trains. On the morning of June [July] 30, at 4.30 a. in., everything being ready, the mine was exploded, and immediately the Ninth Corps made an assault on the enemys works in front. The enemy, however, rallied his troops at the point of attack and rendered further efforts of no avail. Daring these operations the trains of the whole army were loaded, hitched up, and awaiting events of the day. During the month of July the Sixth Army Corps was ordered to Washington and was followed by General Sheridan with the First and Third Divisions of the Cavalry Corps. On the 14th of August the Second Corps and Second Division of Cavalry, under the command of General Hancock, again crossed to the north side of the James at Deep Bottom, on pontoon bridges, their trains accompanying, nuder cover of darkness. The Fifth Corps was now relieved by a portion of the Ninth, and for the time massed in the rear. From this position the Fifth Corps moved to the left, for the purpose of destroying the Weldon railroad, near Globe Tavern. In this they were aided by a portion of the Ninth Corps. The enemy now beginning to mass his troops, the remainder of the Ninth Corps was sent to their aid, arriving in time to participate in repulsing the enemy. Heavy rains now set in, rendering it impossible to forward supplies by the ordinary method. iReconise was had to the pack-mules, which were required to be kept by each division. During these oper- ations the main trains remained loaded with the prescribed amount of supplies and ammunition in their respective parks. The Second Corps having withdrawn from the north side of the James, moved on the 22d to the left of the line of works at Reams Station, on the Weldon rail- road, followed the next day by the Second Division of Cavalry, and were successful in destroying several miles of railway, but on the 25th the enemy appeared in force and checked further operations. They now charged upon our troops with great fury, causing considerable loss on our side, and nine pieces of artillery fell into the enemys hands. Until the month of October nothing worthy of note occurred along the lines. Durifig the intervening time the railroad was completed along onr lines from City Point, thus giving ample means to provide for the wants of the army. Depots were located at convenient points, and officers of this department placed in charge to promptly and properly distribute the supplies to the various commands. In order to secure system and dispatch daily estimates of forage were required to be made upon the chief quartermaster of the army, and requisition by him was made upon the principal depots at City Point for the different stations upon the road. Monthly estimates for all the stores required for the use of the army were made in the same way, thus securing such articles as were required for immediate use, and providing against any accumu- lation. On the 1st day of October a portion of the Second, Fifth, Ninth Corps, and Second Division of Cavalry, under their respective com- manders, made a demonstration on the extreme left, near Poplar Springs Church. Hard fighting ensued and the enemy driven from his position. On this reconnaissance the troops took four days rations and sixty rounds of ammunition upon the person. All the trains were loaded with six days rations and forage to their utmost extent, hitched up ready to move on immediate notice. The only transportation allowed with the troops was one-half of the ambulances, spring wagons, and pack-mules belonging to headquarters. On the 27th of October another demon- stration was made on the left, with a view of extending our lines. Por- tions of the Second, Fifth, and Ninth Corps, and the Second Division 17 IL R~.vOL LI~ PT Page 258 258 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. rCHAP. LXIII. of Cavalry moved early ill the day. While the Fifth and Ninth Corps confronted the enemy, the Second Corps and cavalry, under the com- mand of General Hancock, crossed Hatchers Run, on the Vaughan road. The Fifth Corps then moved up the stream, with the view ~f connecting with the Second Corps, but were unable to do so. The enemy taking advantage of our position, came down upon our troops with great impetuosity, but were repulsed with great loss. On the 28th all the troops returned to their former camps. During these operations t e wagons, containing intrenching tools, the ammunition, hospital stores, and forage, that were to accompany the troops, remained parked in a secure place, waiting the developments of the demon- stration at Hatchers Run. Four days rations and sixty rounds of ammunition were taken upon the person, one-half of the cavalry small- arm ammunition and forty rounds of infantry were taken in wagons. One-half ef the ambulances, one medical and one hospital wagon to each brigade, one forage and one battery wagon to every twelve guns, and such pack animals as were required to carry the rations of officers, accompanied the troops. The cavalry took no forage trains whatever, each cavalryman being required to carry sufficient forage to last during the operations. The general trains of the army were loaded with the prescribed amount of supplies and ammunition, and moved to City Point, within the fortification. All artillery animals in the inclosed works, not required, were sent to City Point to the Artillery Reserve ammunition train. The depots upon the line of railroad were broken up and, to meet any emergency that might arise, all the em- ployes of the quartermasters department belonging to the general trains, with the exception of one man to every three teams, were organ- ized, armed, and equipped for duty, and placed under competent offi- cers. By this arrangement a brigade of 2,724 men was obtained, and such were the preparations made and precautions taken by this depart- ment during the operations of the army that no special guards were required for the wagon trains. During the first week of December the Sixth Army Corps, commanded by General Wright, returned from the Shenandoah Valley, the transportation being shipped from Alexandria to City Point, Va. On the 25th of March the enemy concentrated his troops in front of the Ninth Corps, made a sudden and unexpected attack, and succeeded in breaking through the lines at Fort Stedman. They, however, were soon 1~epulsed and driven back with great loss to his intrenchments, the works retaken, and many prisoners captured. Preparations now commenced for the most brilliant and successful cam- paign of the war. The transportation of the whole army was in a per- fect state of readiness, the wagons repaired, animals recuperated, and everything complete. On the 29th of March the Second Division of Cavalry was detached from the Army of the Potomac and joined the other two divisions under General Sheridan, who was to co-operate with the Army of the Potomac in its movements. The Army of the Potomac at this time numbered as follows: Number of each class. Average per 1,000 men. Arm of service. Men. Animals. wagons. Animals. wagons. Infantry 97, 921 15, 949 1, 756 162 17 Artillery 6, 792 7, 439 495 1, 095 73 ~ngsneers 3,064 2,408 197 785 64 Total 107, 777 25,796 2, 448 239 2 Page 259 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 259 The Second and Fifth Corps moved from their works to the left, the Sixth and Ninth Corps occupying their line. The troops were supplied with four days rations and fifty rounds of ammunition upon the person, eight days supplies for men and a imals being taken in the supply and sixty rounds per man in the anununition trains. The Fifth Corps moved westerly to thejunction of the Old Stage and Vaughan roads, supporting the Second Corps. The latter, taking the Vaughan road, crossed Hatch- ers Run and communicated with the Fifth Corps. The Sixth and Ninth Corps remained in their line of works before Petersburg, the surplus artillery being placed in their rear. The ammunition train of the Artil- lery Reserve did not accompany the troops, but remained in park at City Point. All the sick were removed to the depot field hospital at City Point. The supply trains of the Second and Fifth Corps not accompany- ing the troops remained in park near Hatchers Run. Each corps had five four-gun batteries, one battery wagon, intrenching tools, and half the ambulances, one medical and one hospital wa.gqn to each brigade, and one with forage for each division ammunition train that accompanied the troops. The remaining ambulances were parked with the general trains of the Second and Fifth Corps. Twelve wagons, with twenty rounds of ammunition per man, were taken with each division. On the 30th the trains of the Fifth Corps moved to the north side of Gravelly Run, the other trains moving on the Vaughan road. Heavy rains now set in and continued unceasingly for forty-eight hours, rendering the roads impassable for heavy trains and artillery, the trains of the Fifth Corps being fifty-six hours in making the distance of four miles. iDar- ing the day the enemy made an attack upon the Fifth Corps, forcing them back, and then immediately turned upon the cavalry, which retired to the vicinity of Dinwiddie Court-House. The Fifth Corps moved to the support of the cavalry, reporting to General Sheridan, and succeeded in checking the farther dvance of the enemy. The ambulances of the Sixth Corps were used to convey the wounded of the cavalry to the railroad, from whence they were conveyed to City PoinPilospital. On the morning of the 2d of April an attack was made along the front line, which was broken by the Sixth Corps pressing rap- idly forward, cutting the enemys line in the center, forcing a part back into Petersburg, and drove the balance up the line of the South Side Railroad, where they were closely followed by the Second Corps. All the available ambulances were sent to convey the wounded to the hos- pitals. During the night Richmond and Petersburg were evacuated by the enemy, the Second and Sixth Corps following the retreating army, giving them no time to rest or intrench. The trains, replenished with the prescribed amount of supplies, moved toward Burkes Station, on the Cox road, at such a distance as would not embarrass the movements of the troops. On the 4th of April heavy rains set in, rendering the roads almost impassable for heavy teams. Men were detailed from the several commands to corduroy the roads and otherwise aid in moving forward. On the 6th the enemy still continued his retreat, the Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps pursuing by the Richmond and IDanville Railroad toward Deatonsvillc. At Salem [Sailors] Creek the enemy endeavored to make a stand, but were soon driven by the Second Corps across the creek to the Appomattox, capturing 350 wagons, which were burned, and about 1,500 prisoners. On another portion of the line the Sixth Corps also attacked and drovethe enemy, capturing several thousand prisoners, and continued the pursuit toward Farmville. The empty supply wagons wer Page 260 260 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII used to convey the wounded of their respective corps to Burkes Station. On the 7th the pursuit was still kept up with renewed vigor, the enemy abandoning and destroying wagons, caissons, and stores along the line of march. Our forces, losing no time, moved. to the enemys right, left, and center, keeping him constantly compdled to defend his trains, and on the 9th had so completely surrounded him that when the head of his column reached Appomattox Court-House the cavalry and Fifth Corps were there to confront him. All hopes to extricate his army having fled, General Lee accepted the terms offered, and surrendered all the forces known as the Army of Northern Virginia. The formal surrender took place on the 10th of April. All the ordnance stores resulting from the surrender were taken possession of by the chief of ordnance at army headquarters, and were transported to Burkes Sta- tion by the quartermasters department of the Army of the Potomac. All the quartermasters property received from the surrender was turned over to the chief quartermaster Army of the James. The reports of the chief quartermasters of the several corps of the army will give in detail their operations during the year. Immediately after the surrender all the transportation of the army moved to the vicinity of Burkes Station. The Ninth Corps guarded a portion of the line of railroads to Petersburg until the 20th of April, when it was detached from the Army of the Potomac and ordered to Washington, D. C. On the 23d of April the Sixth Corps, and twelve days marching rations and the full amonnt of ammunition, with a pontoon train, started for IDanville, where they arrived on the 27th. On the 2d day of May the Army of the Potomac started on its homeward march for Washington, arriving at Richmond on the 4th and 5th of May. On the 6th the whole army (save the Sixth Corps) passed in review at Richmond, and moved directly for Washington with the trains, by way of Hanover Court-House Fredericksburg, Fairfax Court-House, arriving near Fort Albany on tIle 11th of May. The Sixth Corps, retnrning from IDanville by the same route, arrived a few days later. Soon after the arrival of th~ army before Washington orders were received from the War Department to muster out a large portion of its troops. Accord- ingly, on the 28th of June, that portion of the army not mustered out was converted into the provisional corps, commanded by General Wright, and the Army of the Potomac ceased to exist. I should fail doing justice to many worthy officers serving in the Army of the Poto- mac did I not acknowledge their signal ability on every occasion during the late campaign and the interest and zeal they have ever manifested in the performance of the dnties devolving upon them, nor should I fail to acknowledge the ready and unceasing co-operation I have received in my official position from the chief quartermaster of the Armies oper- ating against ItichmondMaj. Gen. Rufus Ingalls. Accompanying this report will be found a table showing the distance traveled daily by the Army of the Potomac as indicated by the odometer, and a statement of the amount ot public money received, transferred, and remaining on hand during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Respectfully submitted. B. N. BATCHELDEII, Colonel and Chief Quartermaster, Army of the Potomac Page 261 CHAP. LXIH.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 261 Table of distance8 traveled by the Army of the Potomac daily, as indicated by the odometer. Date. Places. Miles. Mar. 29, 1865 From Aikens House to near Hatchers Run April 1, 1865 From near Hatchers Run to near 1)abneys Mill April 2, 1865 From near Dabucys Mill to Talleys House 7 April 3, 1865 From Talleys House to Sutherlands Station 8 April 4, 1865 From Sutherlands Station to Jones House 21~ April 5, 1865 From Jones House to near Jetersvillo Station 14 April 6, 1865 From n~iar Jeteraville Station to iDeatonsville 1O~ April 7, 1865 From Deatonsyille to Rices Station 0 April 8, 1865 From Rices Station to Shepherds House 18~ April 9, 1865 From Shepherds House to near Abbitts House 17 Aprilll,1865 From near Abbitts House to near Farmville 24~ Aprill2,1865 From near Farmyille to Burkes Station 20~ May 2, 1865 From Burkes Station to Scotts Shop 24~ May 3, 1865 From Scotts Shop to Coxs House 20~ May 4, 1865 From Coxs House to near Manchester, Va i2~ May 5, 1865 From Manchester to near James River 1 May 6, 1865 From Manchester to Hanover Court-House 20~ May 7,1865 From Hanover Court-House to White Chimneys l0~ May 8, 1865 From White Chimneys to beyond Villeborough 24~ May 9, 1865 From beyond VillebJrongh to Stafford Court-House 28~ May 10, 1865 From Stafford Court-House to Manchester House 21 May 11, 1865 From Manchester House to Fort Albany 2l~ Total l48~ Statement of public money received, transferred, and remaining on hand during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Amount. On band June 30, 1864 $13, 53445 Received from officers 42, 833. 87 Expended during the year 2,903.81 Transferred during the year 16,561. 68 On hand June 30, 1865 16, 902.81 Total 56,368.12 Respectfully Submitted. IR. N. BATCHELDER, Colonel and Chief Quartermaster, Army of the Potomac. Maj. (len. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. ~40, 42,46.1 Report of M~. Thomas T. Eckert, Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army, Assistant Superintendent U. S. Military Telegraph, of operations July 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865. WASHINGTON, ID. C., October 9, 1865. GENERAL: I have the honor to Submit herewith my annual report for the fiscal year eudiDg June 30, 1865, pursuant to General Orders, No. 39, dated Quartermaster-Generals Office, July 1, 1865: My annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, was for- warded to your office December 8, 1864. I have been on duty during the year as assistant Superintendent U. S. Military Telegraph, in charge of all telegraph lines in the Departments of the Potomac, Virginia, North Carolina, and the South. My head- quarters have been at Washington, ID. C Page 262 262 MD., E. N. C., PA., YA~, EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. CHAP. LXIII. At the beginning of the fiscal year the armies under Lieutenant-Gen- eral Grant were operating in the vicinity of Richmond and Petersburg, and communication was had from Washington via Wilmington, Del., thence along the Eastern Shore to Cherrystone Point, connecting there with cable to Fort Monroe, and thence via Yorktown, Jamestown Island, Surry Court-House, Fort Powhatan, and City Point. The line from Swan Point, opposite Jamestown Island via Surry Court-House, being frequently interrupted by guerrillas, and as a sufficient force could not be spared for its proper protection, it was. decided to lay a cable from Jamestown Island to Fort Powhatan, a distance of twenty- two miles by water. This cable was [laid] in July, 1864, and with but few interruptions, occasioned by passing vessels, has worked more successfully thau was anticipated. The total number of miles of cable in the line between Washington via Wilmington to City Point, is fifty- two, and this circuit has been worked direct (that is, without repeating stations) and almost continually. The headquarters of the different corps of the armies were in direct communication with each other and with Lieutenant-General Grants headquarters by means of the field telegraph. In case of a temporary advance of our troops the field telegraph wires, arranged on reels placed on the backs of mules and supported by small poles prepared for the purpose, were strung out and offices established at the advanced posts almost simultaneously with the advance. During the month of July, 1864, a rebel force, under General Early, made a raid into Maryland, cutting the telegraph line leading from Washington to Harpers Ferry a short distance from this city, and all the lines connecting Washington with the North at a point near Belts- vile, nine miles from Washington, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Field lines were rapidly built to the forts around Washington, and offices opened at Forts Lincoln, Totten, Stevens, Reno, and Corcoran, at Chain Bridge and Arlington. These offices were kept open until the rebel army had retreated, and were of great service in affording a m~eans of rapid communication between all parts of our line. The mil- itary telegraph line to Point Lookout was the only line extending from the city any considerable distance, and for three days all telegrams for the army of Lieutenant-General Grant and for the North were sent to Point Lookout, and thence by dispatch boat to Fort Monroe, from which point they were transmitted to their destination. By this means but little delay was occar oned in reaching the lieutenant-general by telegraph. As our forces gradually advanced toward Richmond by way of Chaffins farm and to the southwest of Petersburg across the Weldon railroad, the telegraph lines were thrown forward to all of the advaiiced positions. Until the movement by General Grant~ about the latter part of March, the lines remained in about the same con- dition. Immediately after the evacuation of Richmond the line was extended to that city, and an office opened there early on the morning of April 4. An office was also opened in Petersburg on the same day. The telegraph line on the South Side Railroad was repaired as fast as the troops advanced in pursuit of Lee, communication being had direct from City Point to headquarters of Lieutenant-General Grant each evening. An office was opened at Appomattox Court-House two hours after the surrender of Lee with the army nuder his command. Measures were at once taken to repair the telegraph lines leading west and south. An office was opened at Lynchburg April 16, and at Dauville April 21. The lines of the Department of the Potomac and Department of Virginia were in charge of A. II. Caidwell, chief operator, and D. Doren, superintendent of construction5 both of whom, with the men unde Page 263 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 263 their charge, deserve great credit for the skill and energy displayed in establishing and maintaining communication with the advance of the army. When General Schofield went to North Carolina, in January, a telegraph party nnder Richard OBrien, chief operator, was sent with him. A line was already [established] from Morehead City to a short distance beyond New Berne, N. C., connecting the different military posts with district headquarters. As General Schofield advanced, the line was extended from New Berne toward G-oldsborough. To assist in the operation of the force advancing against Wilming- ton by way of Fort Fisher a line was built from the fort up the Penin- sula toward the city, and immediately after the capture was extended into the city, and an office opened there February 23. From there the line was extended to Goldsborongh, and thence to Raleigh; the office at the former place being opened M arch 23, and at the latter place April 14. Mr. OBrien is deserving of special notice for his energy and perseverance in establishing prompt communication by telegraph in this department, and the men under him for their vigilance and faith. ful attention to the interests of the service. After the surrender of General Johnston and the forces under his command arrangements were made to open telegraphic communication with all important points in the South as speedily as possible. In April a line from Petersburg to Weldon was built, and the line from there to Raleigh and to Goldsborough repaired. The lines from Raleigh to Greensborough and from Danville to Greensborough were also repaired. In May a new line was built from Alexandria to Fredericksburg, and the railroad line thence to Richmond repaired. During June a line was built from Richmond to Williamsburg, Va., connecting there with the line to Fort Monroe. By these means communication was had with all important points south, and all telegraph lines placed under direct supervision of the War Department through the military telegraph. Foi~ a report of the operations of the military telegraph in Depart- ment of the South, I respectfully refer you to the annual report of Capt. James IR. Gilmore, assistant quartermaster, and assistant super- intendent U. S. Military Telegraph, who had charge, under my direc- tion, of the lines in that department. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. T. ECKEIIT, Major, Assistant Quartermaster, and Assistant Superintendent U. S. Military Telegraph. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General U. & Army, Washington City, D. C. [40, 42, 46.] Report of Col. John 11. ifolman, First U. S. Colored Troops, ~f oper- ations June 15. HEADQUARTERS FIRST U. S. COLORED Tuoo~s, Camp in the Field, June 20, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to report the movement of the troops under my command in the engagement with the enemy and the assau.lt upon his works before Petersburg on the 15th instant: Pursuant to orders from division headquarters, I moved from City Point at 2 a. m. on the 15th instant with thG following command: Firs Page 264 264 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. Lxiii U. S. Colored Troops, Lieutenant-Colonel Wright; Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry, Colonel Russell; two companies Fourth Massachusetts Cav- alry, Lieutenant-Colonel Washburn, and Captain Choat& s battery. My troops composed the second line in the charge upon the enemys works, encountered about five miles from City Point. Colonel Russell was wounded in the charge, and was obliged soon after in consequence to retire. The command of that regiment then devolved upon Major Weld. After the rout of the enemy at this point the First United States was ordered in the advance, with directions to clear the way for the advance of the column, and upou arriving at the bridge, about one mile, where the enemy had been previously intrenched, and deploy to the right of the road. From this point the enemys pickets were engaged and quickly driven in, and the high ground, which was desired for the position of our batteries, secured. This was about 9 a. m. Seven companies of the First United States were subsequently deployed upon this line. About this time Colonel Washburn was relieved from my command, as was also Captain Choates battery. The Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry were partially held in reserve and par- tially deployed upon the left flank to protect that part of the line and give notice of any movement of the enemy in that direction. The enemy opened and kept up a destructive fire from his artillery and sharpshooters upon my skirmish line, which could not be returned with much effect, as he was well protected by his intrenchments. About 5 p. m. I was informed that the assault would soon be ordered by the skirmish line only. I made such dispositions of my command as seemed to me best suited to insure success. At 6 p. m. I received the order from General Hunks to make the assault with the skirmish line. I immediately ordered Colonel Wright, First U. S. Colored Troops, to advance upon the enemys works; at the same time I ordei~ed the cap- tain commanding two companies of the Fifth lIT. S. Colored Troops, whose men were deployed as skirmishers on the left, to make a deter- mined assault upon the enemys works in his front in connection with th~ First United States. Those two companies did not advance, for what reason I am not aware. At the same time I dismounted and took immediate command of two companies of the First United States on the left near the Jordan Point road. The ground upon the left cover- ing the approach to the works in my front was found to be covered with timber and brush, and exceedingly difficult to cross. The right of the line under Colonel Wright, having smooth ground to advance over, reached and carried the enemys works known as Battery No. 6 before I had very much advanced through the brush and timber on the left. I moved forward the two companies on the left as fast as possi- ble, and received the fire from the gun known as Battery No. 9 when within fifty yards, and carried the battery from the front, the enemy running to Battery No. 10, which was still stubbornly held, when opportunely the Fourth United States, who had entered the enemys works farther to the right, came down upon their flank and carried the position. Great credit is due Lieutenant-Colonel Wright, commanding First U. S. Colored Troops, and all the line officers and men under his com- mand; also to the commanding officer of the Fifth Massachusetts Cav- alry for the prompt obedience to the orders communicated to him. For further details the report of Lieutenant-Colonel Wright, together with a diagram of the enemys position, is herewith forwarded. Par Page 265 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 265 ticular attention is called to that part of Lieutenant-Colonel Wrights report relative to the inefficiency of the stretcher corps. Much to my surprise I received notice about 9 oclock the next day that some of the wounded had not been removed from near Battery No. 8, which fact I immediately communicated to the adjutant-generaL I am, captain, with much respect, your obedient servant, JOHN II. HOLMAK, Colonel, Commanding. Capt. SOLON A. CARTER, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [40.] Report of Col. Samuel A. Duncan, Fourth U. S. Colored Troops, com manding brigade, of operations June 1519. IIDQRS. 2D BRIG., 3D DIV., EIGHTEENTH ARMY CORPS, In the Field, June 25, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by this brigade in the operations before Petersburg from the 15th instant to the 19th, inclusive: The brigade broke camp near Point of Rocks, Ya., on the evening of the 14th, crossed the Appomattox on the pontoon bridge at Broadway at 11 p. in., and went into bivouac, reporting to the division commander, Brig. Gen. E. W. links. At 3 a. m. of the 15th the brigade moved out toward Petersburg on the middle road, its march being somewhat impeded by the passage of the First and Second Divisions of the Eighteenth Army Corps. The effective fighting force of the brigade on the morning of the 15th was about 2,200 men. Three miles from Broadway the progress of the column was arrested by the fire of a rebel battery posted on Baylors farm, a mile in advance. A reconnaissance by General Kautzs cavalry developed the position of the ~nemy. It was naturally one of very considerable strength, being the crest of rapidly rising ground 300 yards iu rear of an exceedingly difficult wood. The wood deserves special mention. It was about 600 yards in depth and was traversed by a turnpike and a railroad in direc- tions diagonal to that to be followed by an attack upon the enemys works. These roads in places were deep cuts, and proved a serious obstacle to the advance of a line of battle. Moreover, the bottom of the wood was marshy and obstructed with fallen timber and covered with a dense thicket of vines and bushes twenty feet high. A hastily constructed earth-work with a connected line of rifle-pits, crossing the road at right angles and running along the crest nearly parallel to the outline of the wood, added much to the natural strength of the position, and rendered the enemys occupation of this point a serious obstacle to farther progress. Behind this parapet the enemy was posted with four pieces of artillery and a considerable force of infantry. This brigade was formed in line of battle in front of the wood with orders from General links to move through and take the enemys works. The Fifth Regiment, Colonel Conine, held the right; the Twenty-second, Colonel Kiddoo, the right center; the Fourth, Lieutenant-Co]onel Rogers, the left center; and the Sixth Regiment, Colonel Ames, the left. Colonel ilolmans command formed the second line. The order given to each regimental commande Page 266 266 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CnAP. LXIII. of the first line was to open a heavy fire upon the enemy upon reaching the farther skirt of the wood, to reform the line with all possible dispatch, which would necessarily become much disjointed in passing over such obstrncted ground, and then await the order to charge. As the line moved forward the enemys battery opened a furious shell- ing of the woods, inflicting considerable damage. The Fourth Regi- ment was the first to reach the open field. The center companies of this regiment, injudiciously and without orders, and before any attempt at a correction of the alignment, started forward for the works with cheers. This demonstration, checked immediately by Colonel Rogers, who ordered the companies back to the cover of the woods, attracted the attention of the enemy, who instantly opened upon the regiment a destructive fire of canister from all his guns. The inexperience of the troops, the terrible fire to which they were subjected, and the nature of ground caused no little confusion among them, which was much increased by the second line in the excitement of the moment opening fire upon the first line. Captain King was killed and Captains Mendall and. Parrington and Lieutenant Brigham woanded, the latter mortally. One hundred and twenty of the men of the regiment were killed and wounded at this point. The Sixth Regiment in the blindness of the wood had partially over- lapped and become involved with the Fourth. On reaching the edge of the wood it found itself subjected to an enfilading fire on the left. These combined circumstances rendered the left of the line of no avail for an immediate charge, but the fire directed toward the left had enabled the right of the line to form with comparative regularity, when the charge was ordered. Through the brisk fire now turned upon the right wing the Fifth and Twenty-second Regiments swept gallantly up the intervening declivity and into the rebel works. The enemy fled precipitately, abandoning one 12-pounder, which fell into the hands of the Twenty-second, and was immediately turned upon the retreating foe. The charge was made at 8 a. m. The brigade rested for an hour, ref6rmed, and then moved on toward the strong defenses at Jordans field. Arriving near these works at 10 a in., the Fifth Regiment was deployed as skirmishers on the left of the road, and moved forward through a dense thicket fr half a mile to a position fronting Batteries Kos. 9 and 10. It was hoped that the fire of these skirmishers would seriously annoy if not entirely silence the gnus in these works, which held a very commanding position relative to the works opposite our right and against which the main attack was intended, but the distance from the edge of the woo(ls to the redoubts against which the regiment was operating was so greatfully 600 yardsthat they accomplished little, save to distract the enemys attention. Owing to the nature of the ground it was impossible for the skir- mishers to advance nearer to the works with any safety, except under cover of night. Furthermore, any advance of the regiment beyond this point would have separated it from all support from the rest of the command, which was to be advanced in a different direction. Meanwhile an attempt was made to open an artillery fire upon these redoubts from an open field to right and rear of this regiment. Both Captain Choates and Captain Angels batteries were brought up, but every part of the field was so thoroughly commanded by a direct, an oblique, and an enfilading fire from the enemys guns that prudenc Page 267 LXIII.] filE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 267 dictated the withdrawal of the batteries. At 1 p. in., in obedience to orders from General links, the Fifth Regiment, which had suffered considerably, was withdrawn, two companies being left to continue the demonstration and to guard our left flank. A double line of battle was then formed in the field before mentioned in the following order: The Fourth Regiment on the right and the Twenty-second on the left of the first line, and the Fifth on the right and the Sixth on the left of the second line. The First Regiment U. S. Colored Troops, nuder command of Lieutenant-Colonel Wright, connected with the left of the first line. The lines when formed were advanced 500 yards to the crest in Jordans field, which had been par- tially occupied by the skirmishers of the First Regiment. This was a work of great difficulty owing to the triple fire of the enemy, which had previously prevented the planting of our batteries, and which was now directed with increasing rapidity and with great accuracy upon all our movements. In this advance our batteries, placed well in the rear, were used with effect, drawing off somewhat the fire that would otherwise have been directed upon our infantry lines. It was 2 p. m. when the crest was gained and the right of the brigade connected with General Brooks left. Here we lay five hours, suffering much from the well-directed fire of the enemy, which he never remitted. At 5.30 p. in. the skirmish line was re-enforced, three companies of the Fourth, under Major Boernstein, and four companies of the Twenty- second, under Major Cook, being used for this purpose. These officers were instructed to push their skirmi,shers well to the front and to charge the works as soon as the charge should begin to their right. The order was promptly obeyed. The enemys sharpshooters were driven in by repeated advances of our skirmish line, and when at 7 p. in. General Brooks moved forward to the assault our skirmishers charged gallantly through a very heavy fire upon the works immedi- ately before them, carrying them with loud cheers and capturing one iron gun and two 12-pounders in Battery No. 7. The honor of this captij.re is claimed by both the Fourth and the Twenty-second Regi. inents. As the work was near the middle of our line it is probable that men from both regiments entered it, but in the absence of any formal investigation into the question I incline to the opinion that the work was first entered by men of the Twenty-second Regiment, and that to this regiment belongs the chief credit of this affair, so far as any portion of the line can appropriate to itself the credit, where all behaved so gallantly and success depended so greatly upon the mutual support of all the parts. As soon as the works were carried the reserves of the Fourth and the Twenty-second Regiments, which had been kept back out of canister range, were ordered forward under their respective commanders to support the skirmishers in such move- ment against the remaining defenses as circnmstances might warrant. Colonel Kiddoo, passing into the works at Battery No. 7, hastily reformed his command, and supported by the First Regiment pushed gallantly on against Battery No. 8, a strong work advantageously posted on a considerable elevation behind a difficult ravine. This, after heavy resistance and considerable loss, he turned and carried, capturing one gun. Lieutenant-Colonel Rogers, meanwhile, having reformed his regi. ment, moved, by command of Major-General Smith, against Battery No. 8, but finding it already held by our forces passed in front of i Page 268 268 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. up through the deep ravine and made for Battery No. 9, a work 500 yards distant and commanding the positions already taken. As he approached the enemy retired to Battery No. 10, upon which Colonel Rogers immediately charged, driving out the occupants and capturing one gun, with caissons and horses. This position taken the enemy immediately abandoned BatteryNo. 11, although from the statements of prisoners it appears that the Forty- second North Carolina Regiment was close at hand to re-enforce the work. It was impossible to move our second line of battle in the direction pursued by the first, on account of the angle which it formed with the lines of General Brooks, and with which by a forward movement it would become involved. Consequently it was swung around and moved forward toward the front of Batteries Nos. 9, 10, and 11, with view to feeling the strength of the positions, and if found advisable attacking them. As these dispositions were being made an order was given by General Smith, who now appeared in person on this part of the field, to assault the works. A column with battalion front was at once formed, the Sixth Regiment leading and the Fifth forming the second line. Skirmishers were thrown out and the advance commenced, a battery being ordered up to assist the movement. The way lay over a ravine 600 yards in extent and greatly obstructed by stumps, piles of wood, fallen timber, bushes, and pools. Darkness had come on, so that our only guide was the flashes from the enemys guns. The column advanced as best it could, receiving only an occa- sional shot, the main fire of the enemy being directed npon the storm- ing parties approaching on the flank. The column had only reached the bottom of the ravine when the shouts ahead told that our forces had gained the works. It was now 9 oclock. The brigade was reformed and rested for the night near Battery 10, details being set at work cutting down the reverse slope of the fortifications as a precaution against an appre- hended attack. rn the morning the brigade, having been relieved by troops of the Second Army Corps, moved to the rear and took position near the junction of the Spring Hill and City Point roads, where details were employed in constructing defensive works. On the 17th the Sixth Regiment was ordered to report to General Martindale for a reconnaissance, but returned soon after going out, the reconnaissance haviug been given up. The Fifth Regiment ou the same day was ordered to report to Gen- eral Martindale for picket duty, and was so employed daring the night. On the morning of the 18th the Fifth Regiment rejoined the brigade, which now, by order of General links, reported to General Martindale for dutty. Two regiments, the Sixth and the Twenty-second, were held in reserve. The other two, the Fourth and the Fifth, were sent to General Staunard, by whom they were employed to form the right of our second line of battle resting on the Appomattox. An advance of our lines took place in the afternoon, in which these regiments suffered considerably. In the forenoon of the 19th the brigade was relieved by troops of the Sixth Corps, and returned to the division near the Walthall house. Thence it marched to Spring Hill, and at 6 p. m. crossed the Appo- niattox and went into camp near Point of Rocks Page 269 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 269 In these operations the brigade lost as follows: Killed. Wounded. Missing. Troops. Date. a . a . a a g a a g a a a 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 4th U. 5. Colored Troops 2 19 3 114 9 June 15, 1364. 5th U. 5. Colered Troops 1 3 1 19 1 Do. 6th U. S. Colored Troops 5 3 47 2 Do. 22d U. S. Colored Troops 1 13 5 125 5 Do. 4th U. 5. Colored Troops 1 1 June 16, 1864. 4th U. 5. Colored Troops 1 11 June 18, 1864. 5th U. 5. Colored Troops 1 1 22 Do. Total 4 42 14 139 17 Total of killed, wounded, and missing is 416. It will be seen that the loss on the 15th was very severe, being in the aggregate 378; but, While deeply deploring the loss of so many valued officers and brave men, the colonel commanding finds abundant occasion for rejoicing over the important successes of the day aud the splendid behavior of the troops. The troops were all untried in battle, and by many it was still a problem whether the negro would fight. The events of the day justify the most sanguine expectations for the future. Skirmishers pushed forward with boldness; lines advanced firmly; hours of inaction ulider heavy fire were endured with fortitude; assaults were made with gallantry, and wounds endured heroically. The brigade captured during the day six pieces of artillery, the work and line of rifle-pits at Baylors farm, and five of the strongly fortified works on the principal line of defenses around Petersburg. Appended are the corresponding reports of the several regimental commanders of the brigade.* I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. A. DUNCAN, Colonel, Commanding. Capt. SoLoN A. CARTER, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [40.] Beport of Lient. Cot. Charles lii. Morgan, Assistant Tnspector- General, U. S. Army, chief of staff, Second Army Corps, of operations June 151G. HEADQUARTERS SECOND ARMY CORPS, June 25, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following statement of occurrences preceding and attending the march of this corps to Peters- burg, June 14 and 15: About 11 oclock on the night of the 14th a telegraphic message was received from Major-General Meade, stating that 60,000 rations had been ordered from City Point; that as soon as they were issued the corps would take the nearest and most direct route to Petersburg, taking position with its left on the City Point liailroad, where the road from Windmill Point crosses, and extending along ~ Creek toward its mouth. On the receipt of this order I sent the chief com- missary, Colonel Smith, to the south bank of the river to make all * NdII found Page 270 270 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. necessary arrangements for the receipt and delivery of the rations, and directed the quartermaster, Captain McEntee, to send the trans- port to the npper wharf, then in process of repair, as soon as it arrived. At 2 oclock I went down to the wharf to expedite the crossing. About 8 a. m. Major Brainerd, engineer detachment, who had been repairing the wharf where the rations were to be received, returned to the north bank and reported to me that Colonel Smith was at the wharf with his details, and that the transport containing the rations had just arrived. I saw a transport then lying at the wharf and after watching it for a length of time sufficient to allow of its being unloaded it disappeared. I reported, therefore, to Major-General Hancock that the rations had come and were being issued. (It is proper to state that Major Brainerd now says he stated only to me his impression that the rations had arrived. It was conveyed to me in so positive a manner, indeed as a message from the commissary, that I had no doubt of the fact.) At a. in., when the order came for the corps to march without its rations,, an answer was returned that they had arrived. The mistake was discovered at , and the order was at once given for the corps to move. I understood that General Hancock had sent it by signal telegraph, but my recollection is that when I arrived at General Bir- neys headquarters he had not received it. The column was put in motion about 11.30, as I learn from a memorandum I made at the time. I was at the head of column conducting the march in the absence of General Hancock. I had as guide an intelligent negro, familiar with the country, on whom I depended almost entirely, as the map furnished was very much in error. We pursued the nearest and most direct route to Petersburg, to a point on the Prince George Court-House road within two miles of thp court-house. I made diligent inquiry as to the location of Harrisons Creek, but at no time during the day could I find any one who knew where it was. On arriving at the point above men- tioned, the column was turned to the right toward Old Court-House, as the only way of getting behind Harrisons Creek. The rear division (General Barlow), followed by the train, was turned off~ near Powells Creek, and it was proposed that the three divisions should meet near Old Church. The cross-road on which we moved struck what is known in the neighborhood as the Middle road, about two miles and a half from the Prince George Court-House road. Just at the point of leav- ing, an aide of General Barlow appeared with a dispatch from General Grant, saying that General Smith had attacked Petersburg, and desir- ing the corps to hasten to his support. I took the responsibility there- upon of abandoning the route to Harrisons Creek and turned the head of column down the Middle road, and rode rapidly ahead to find General Smith. I repoited to him on the field, I think, as early as 0.30, informing him of the exact position of the corps, and asking him where, under the circumstances, the troops ought to go. He said, On my left, but neither indicated - to me where his left was nor sent his staff officer. Finally he referred me to General Hinks for the informa- tion. Captain Wilson and myself started back to find General Hinks, and met a staff officer of General Birneys, sent forward to report to Gen- eral Smith. On my advice he returned at once with Captain Wilson to conduct the head of column to such point as General Hinks might advise. I did this, knowing that General Hancock would have great difficulty in getting to the front to give the necessary orders in time. General Barlows division, meanwhile, was supposed to be marching from Old Church toward the railroad. Being informed by General Smith that there were cross-roads leading from the road on whi~ Page 271 CHAP. LXIII.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 271 General Barlow was marching to his (General Smiths) left, I rode in that direction, hoping to get General Barlows division up about the same time as General Gibbons division, and so have the corps massed in time for any offensive operation General Hancock might determine upon. I found that General Barlow had lost his road, marching toward City Point instead of Petersburg, though he had read General Grants dispatch previously referred to. It was nearly midnight before I found General Hancocks headquarters, and I knew nothing of what had transpired meanwhile. Shortly after daylight on the 16th I was di- rected by the major-general commanding to go to the left to make an examination of the ground and to report the result on my return. I proceeded to the left of General Birneys division, arriving there, say, one hour after daylight. The enemy were then placing a battery in the cultivated field near the Shands house, where General Burusides corps and the part of the Second Corps afterward operated. They were going into position in great haste and had not yet thrown out skir- mishers, for I was within 200 or 300 yards of their position. I immedi- ately notified General Birney, whose own skirmishers did not cover the ground as I thought they should have done. The enemy rapidly seized the ground in General Birneys front, and I am very much of the opinion that the attack made by General Birney, in which Colonel Egan was wounded, was made to retake ground occupied by the enemy some time after daylight on the 16th. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. H. MORGAN, Lieutenant-Colonel and Chief of Staff. Major-General HANCOCK, Commanding Second Corps. [40.] Report of Capt. Michael Beahen, Eighth New Jersey Infantry, of oper- ations July 2629. HEADQUARTERS EIGHTH NEW JERSEY BATTALION, Near Petersburg, Va., October 7, 1864. SIR: In compliance with circular of October 6, 1864, from head- quarters Third Brigade, Third Division, Second Corps, I have the honor to make the following report: This regiment, in conjunction with the brigade, broke camp on the afternoon of July 26, 1864, and marched all night, arriving at iLeep Bottom on the morning of the 27th. We took an equal part with others of the brigade in all the movements that occurred during the day, which resulted in the abandonment of an advanced line of work?~ by the enemy. On the evening of the 28th we recrossed the river at Deep Bottom,and arrived in rear of the Eighteenth Corps at 4a.m. of the 29th, where we remained during the day. At night we took up a position on the line made vacant by the withdrawal of a portion o the Eighteenth Corps. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, MICHAEL BEAHEN, Captain, Eighth New Jersey Battalion, Com~ anding. Capt. T. H. DUNHAM, Aide-dc- Camp and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [40. Page 272 272 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Report of Maj. Gen. W. H. P. Lee, C. S. Army, of operations June 23-24. JUSTIS HOUSE THREE MILES FROM BLACKS AND WHITES, June 24, 186412.30 p. rn. GENERAL: My command striking the right flank of the enemy, cut his column at this place yesterday arid had a severe engagement with him. As I think, only some four or five regiments had gone on in advance to the Junction. We took possession of the road on which he was marching to Nottoway Court-House, preventing his joining his advance and repelling several desperate attempts on his part to carry it. He withdrew at daylight this morning, leaving his dead and wounded in the line that we took. He has gone on the road in the direction of Hungarytewn and Keysville. My scouts report that his forces at Burkeville have gone down toward Scottsburg on the Danville railroad. I think it probable that the two bodies may unite somewhere in the vicinity of the railroad bridge over the Staunton River and return by way of Stony Creek, so as to damage the Weldon railroad as much as possible. I do not think that they will cross the Roanoke River. I shall send back some of my artillery, as I am out of ainmu- nition and am delayed here this morning for the want of rations for the men, but am resting and grazing my horses and will push on this afternoon. My command has behaved in the most creditable manner, though, as the fight lasted without intermission from 12 in. till night, I have lost some gallant officers and men, among the former Colonel Andrews, Second North Carolina Regiment, who died from effect of amputation of his leg, and Lieutenant-Colonel Claiborne, Seventh C. S. Cavalry, who I fear is mortally wounded. My entire loss is between 60 and 100. I trust my attack may have interfered somewhat with his plans, but cannot as yet say. He has damaged the railroad from Fords all the way up, but not very materially, and burned two trains with two engines at Fords, which were used by reftigee families. Respectfully, W. H. F. LEE, Major- General. General R. E. LEE, Commanding. [40.1 Report of Capt. John H. White, Forty-sixth Virginia Iiifantry, of oper ations June 17. HEADQUARTERS FORTY-SIXTH VIRGINIA REGIMENT, in the Trenches, July 19, 1864. COLONEL: In compliance with your request of yesterday, I have the honor to submit the following as my observation on the part taken by the Forty-sixth Virginia Regiment in the engagement of June 17. In presenting this I beg leave to remark that as the brigade was divided by the Twenty-third South Carolina Volunteers, or, as I have since learned, by a detachment of that regiment, on our left, I cannot speak of the movement of any but my own regiment: Early in the forenoon of the 17th ultimo we received orders to move to the right of the line and take position immediately on the right of the Twenty-third South Carolina Volunteers, Elliotts brigade. At this point it was necessary to construct breast-works, and in doing which my men were exposed to the fire both of the enemys sharp- shooters and batteries; the work was accomplished, however, to a slight degree, barely enough to afford [protectionj to the men, when the enemy charged in our front and along the left of the line toward Cling Page 273 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 273 mans brigade. His attack was handsomely repulsed, and about twenty of the Forty-sixth Virginia advanced in front of the works and cap- tured some thirty-five prisoners. We were aware that the enemy were massing in large force, under cover of a lull in our front, and continued to work on the intrenchments until 6.30 p. iii., when four Yankee flags were displayed above the crest of the hill with the evident design of drawing the fire of our men. This movement savored so strongly of the Yankee that our forces needed no telling to denounce it as a trick. Finding that his design was futile, the enemy immediately advanced four regiments in column by division, and when within 200 yards of our works the rear rank of the left wing was ordered to open fire upon him, which they did with great precision, that not only checked his advance but literally mowed them down, all four of the flags, and when the smoke rose only a few could be seen stru~gling to the rear and right oblique. The firing of the Forty-sixth Virginia was for a short time continuous, and when it ceased in a measure the men were in a great glee at [thel easy success we had, when, looking to the left, to my utter astonishment and dismay, I saw the Twenty-third South Carolina Regi- ment leaving the trenches and scattering helter-skelter to the icar. We called on them to come back; cheered them; threatened to shoot some, and finally did shoot, but only a few of them could be stol)ped with us. Major Hill ordered the regiment to move by the left flank, and the left wing moved as directed, some of the men occupying part of the trenches so shamefully and disgracefully deserted by the Twenty- third South Carolina Regiment. An Alabama regiment passed me, and had, I supposed, re-enforced the lines. When Captain Cleveland, Forty-sixth Virginia, reported that the enemy had carried the works on our left in such overwhelming force that it was impossible for our left wing to hold out any longer, I reminded Captain C. that the Ala- bama regiment had gone to the left, and asked him to ascertain certainly who it was in the trenches. He returned in a few minutes and again informed me that the enemy had carried our works. I perceived at this time that the left was being forced back, which information was comufunicated to Major Hill, when he ordered the regiment to fall back to Blounts battery, distant from where the right of our regiment rested about 100 yards, which they did in good order. Halting at the latter place, they were rallied almost instantly and quickly charged the works, carrying them as far as the left center of the regiment, and were still advancing when a Yankee officer called out, What regiment is ~ Major Hill leaped upon a traverse and answered, The Forty-sixth Virginia. The response of the enemy came immediately, Give it to them, boys. A volley was poured in upon us, and here Major Hill, Ensign Rogers, and many others were killed and wounded; the flag staff was shot in two pieces and when we left the field there were eight- een holes through the colors. In some confusion the regiment fell back a short distance and the command devolved upon me. I rallied the men in as short time as possible and reported to you. This, sir, is a thir statement of the affair occurring as it did under my own eve, and I trust it may prove to the satisfaction of all concerned who it is that merits blame for the disaster. I am, colonel, very resl)ectfully, your obedient servant, J. H. WHITE, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Col. J. THOMAS GOODE, Commanding Wise8 Brig de. [40.~ 18 H RVOL LI, PT Page 274 274 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CijA?. Lxiii. AUGUST 1DECEMBER 31, 1864The Richmond (Virginia) Campaign. Report of Maj. Nathaniel ilfichier, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Acting Chief Engineer Army of the Potomac, of operations September 1O~17.* HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Engineer Department, September 17, 18G4. COLONEL: In compliance with Special Orders, No. 91, headquarters Armies of the United States, dated September 12, 1864, I have the honor to report the engineering operations under my direction during the week ending to-day along the line extending from the Appomattox on the north to the Weldon railroad on the south, thence back to the Blackwater Swamp, a distance of sixteen miles; also of other duties appertaining to this department, such as reconnaissances, topographi- cal snrveys, completion of maps, and improvement and construction of roads: The officers and men of the U. S. Engineer Battalion were engaged as follows: Captain Harwood superintended the tracing of the work, erection of profiles, and construction of magazines and drains for Fort Stevenson, one face of which is a bastioned front. The site had been previously selected by me near the Williams house. Two companies, C and D, were detailed for this duty. He also planiied the three redoubts Forts McMahon, Blaisdell, and Kelly, located respectively on the same line near the Smith house on the Jerusalem plank road and in front of Widow Smiths. The construction of these works was subse- quently tnrned over to Captains Van Brocklin, line, and Dexter, of the Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers. The details of working parties are furnished by the Ninth and Second Corps. Captain Har- wood to-day examined the ground from Prince George Court-House to Zion Church in reference to the defense of the crossings of the Black- water in those localities. Captain Gillespie has had the immediate charge of the works between Forts Morton and McGilvery. During tke week Battery 11 was constructed between Fort Morton and Fort Haskell, and the line connecting the latter fort with the battery was also completed, excepting the abatis in front of it. Fort Haskell is also finished with the exception of three traverses for guns. The line con- necting Forts Haskell and Stedman is ready to be occupied. Along it a mortar battery for two 8-inch mortars and three Coehorns has been constructed. An epaulement has been made connecting the fort with Battery 10 and additional embrasures pierced in the latter. The new line connecting this battery with the lunette near the City Point rail- road is finished within thirty yards of the former, but no abatis has yet been formed. No work has been done on the new line between the railroad and Appomattox, but it will be laid out and thrown up during the next week. Fort McGilvery is in course of construction and will be in readiness to be occupied in about three days. A battalion of the First New York Volunteer Engineers, commanded by Major Walker, has furnished the officers and ineii to superintend the working parties, details for which have been made from the Tenth Army Corps. Lieut. W. H. H. Benyaurd, with details from A Company, U. S. Engi- neers, has had charge dutring the last several days of the line from the Norfolk railroad south as far as Fort Davis, conforming it to the posi- tion of the new works recently built. In addition to demolishing the old batteries and lines in front of the present one he superintended the See also reports. Vol. XLII, Part I, p. 162 Page 275 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 275 tracing and construction of Battery 19 between Forts Rice and Meikel, drained the former fort, and built a magazine in it, and also drained a magazine in Fort Davis. Battery 18, on the Norfolk railroad, was also finished during the week. Lieutenant Benyanrd is also directed to finish the new line between Fort Sedgwick and Fort Davis. Working parties are furnished him from the Second Corps. The following extracts from the weekly report of Lieutenant-Colonel Spaulding, com- manding detachment of Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers, will give a succinct statement of the engineering operations performed by the officers and men of his detachment and the probable time to com- plete the duties assigned them: Major Brainerd lias had general charge of draining and corduroying the covered ways in rear of the works from Fort Sedgwick to the Norfolk railroad, Captain McGrath having immediate superintendence of the work and employing parts of Companies F, G, and M. Major Brainerd reports the drainage of the covered ways completed and about one-third part of the corduroy work done. With the force I have available for this work it will probably require ten days to complete it. Captain Pettes with his company has been engaged upon the two bomb-proofs in Fort Morton. These bomb-proofs are each ten feet in width and about eighty-four feet in length in the clear. Captain Pettes reports them finished, except that additional earth cov- ering should be placed on them by the garrison. Major Beers has had general charge of the line of abatis from the right of Battery No. 13 to the left of Fort Sedgwick, and the work has been chiefly done by Companies E (Captain Hine), H (Captain Palmer), and L (Captain Dexter). This work is now completed between the points above-mentioned and around the forts. The whole line of this abatis is believed to be very strong, and from the left of Fort Sedgwick to the ravine near the Norfolk railway it has the additional obstruction of a strong wire entanglement in front of the,abatis. Captain Schenek has been occupied with his company upon the nine-gun battery on the left of Fort Sedgwick in completing the platforms, ramps, embra- sures, bomb-proofs, and magazines. He reports this battery as being now complete so far as instructions have been received. Captain Schenck went to Fort Alexander Hays with his company this morning to stockade the gorge of this work and build a traverse. Lieutenant Bacon has had charge of the corduroy road from the Jeru- salem plank road to the Weldon railway near Major-General Warrens headquarters. With fifty-five men from this command and an average daily detail of about 460 infan- try, he has during the past week completed about one mile of corduroy road and built four bridgesNo. 1, 145 feet long and 24 feet wide; No.2, 180 feet long and 12 feet wide; No.3, ~5 feetlong and 12 feet wide; No.4, 33feetlongandl2feetwide. Captain Folwell has been engaged with his company upon Fort Wadsworthiu completingthe parapets, revetments, and platforms, building bomb-proofs, magazines, and traverses, and in placing a strong abatis and wire entanglement outside. Captain Folwell reports that four days more good weather will enable him to complete these works, and that the fort has been in a defensible condition for several days. Captain McDonald, having charge of Fort Dushane, has been engaged with his company in completing the par- apets, platforms, and ramps, building an abatis in front and placing a wire entangle- ment within the abati~ and also one outside of it. He has also made considerable progress with the magazines, bomb-proofs, and traverses. Captain Palmer with his company has been engaged upon Fort Davison, and he reports that the work will be finished this evening. Captain Van Brocklin proceeded yesterday with his company to Fort Stevenson and relieved Captain Harwood, in charge of that work. Besides his own men he is working details of 1,500 infantry night and day. Captain Hine marched his company yesterday to the vicinity of the plank road and took charge of the construction of Fort MeMahon. I directed him this morning to divide his company so as to put a portion of them on Fort Blaisdell, take charge of that work also, and call for sufficient infantry details to push the work on both forts. Captain Dexter moved his company yesterday to Fort Kelly and took charge of laying out and building that work. Captain Palmer will commence work on Battery No.40 to-morrow morning. In addition to the above duties by different officers, I beg leave to add those performed by Lieutenant Lydecker, U. S. Engineers, and Captain Paine, aide-de-camp, both of whom are connected with the department at these headquarters. The former has been principally occupied in examining the ground in the vicinity of Fort Sedgwick, reporting npon the nature of obstructions in advance of it, and the manner in which i Page 276 276 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. Lxiii. was connected with Fort Davis. He also located on the map the sec- ond line in rear of that fort, to be taken np in the event of its being blown up by the enemy. He also had charge of Fort MeiViahon nntil relieved by Captain line; assisted Captain Harwood in planning Forts Blaisdell and Kelly, and accompanied him in the reconnaissance in the neighborhood of Prince George Court-ilonse and along the Blackwater. Captain Paine has been engaged in examining and mapping the roads between the Jerusalem plank road and the Weldon railroad as far toward the south as he was able to go. In the topographical department I directed my principal assistant, Major Weyss, assisted by Mr. Theil- kuhl, to survey the new line of works extending from Fort Dushane, on the Weldon railroad, to Fort Bross, near the Blackwater Swamp. The survey has been completed and plotted and added to the large 8-inch map of the operations in front of Petersbnrg. The new line from Fort Sedgwick to Fort ilaskell was also surveyed yesterday. The con- struction and drawing of the large map of Petersburg have been pro- gressing with every prospect of completing it by the end of the next week. Detailed measurements and sketches preliminary to preparing accurate plans and profiles have been made within the last few days of Forts Sedgwick, Wadsworth, Rice, Alexander Hays, Dushane, Howard, Meikel, Morton, and ilaskell. Tracings from the original drawings* have been made, and are now respectfully submitted with this report, of Forts Davis and Prescott (redoubts on the plank road); of the eighteen- gun battery (now part of Fort Sedgwick); of the 10-inch mortar bat- tery (now forming one face of Fort Rice), and of the field battery for eighteen guns (located near the Norfolk railroad, but recently demol- ished). A map of Dinwiddie County (scale one inch to the mile) has also been completed and photographed and copies forwarded for the use of the lieutenant-general. Campaign maps (scale omme inch to the mile) are also in course of compilation from the Rapidan to the Appomattox. The Culpeper, Spotsylvania Court-House, and Fredericksburg sheets are already finished, and those of Hanover Court-House, Richmond, ai~d Petersburg are far advanced toward completion; the construction and compilation have been going on during the week. A copy of sec- tion of photograph map captured from the enemy, showing the country adjacent to Richmond and lines of defensive works surrounding the city, is also being made in the office; part of it is already completed and photographed, and the other part will probably be finished in the course of several days. A sketch (two inches to the mile) giving the relative positions of the different forts, redoubts, and batteries, and the infantry parapets connecting them, of the entire line from the Appo- mattox to the Blackwater Swamp has just been prepared to show the names, numbers, or letters of the respective works. Sign-boards have also been painted to designate each fort and battery. A list has been prepared to be printed, giving the armament, garrison, name, and local- ity of each work. The line is sixteen miles in length, and along it have been constructed or are in course of construction nineteen forts and redoubts and forty-one batteries. I havethe honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. MICHLER, Lient. Col. T. S. BOWERS, ltfajor of Engineers. Assistant Adjutant- General, Hdqrs. Armies of the United States, City Point, Va. [42.] * On file in Engineer Bureau Page 277 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 277 Report of Asst. Surg. Charles Smart, U. S. Army, Medical Inspector Second Army Corps, of operations October 131. HEADQUARTERS SECOND ARMY CORPS, November 16, 1864. DOCTOR: The following report for the month of October, 1864, is respectfully submitted: [By referring to the close of the report for September it will be observed that at the end of that month the troops composing this corps were under arms in the trenches in front of Petersburg, Va., and in hourly expectation of orders calling them to a more active field of service. The division hospitals had been depleted of their sick, and were in readiness to move whenever called upon to do so by any movement of their respective divisions. One-half of the ambulances and one medicine and one army wagon to a brigade were harnessed and hitched in accordance with orders. The wagons, as is usual under such circumstances, were loaded with a few flys, kitchen arrangements, and battle supplies. Under cover of the night of September 30 the Third Division was removed from the trenches and bivouacked in the woods in rear, the First and Second Divisions stretching out on the left to occupy the vacated works. On the following morning the liberated troops. proceeded by rail to Yellow Tavern, from which they marched along the Squirrel Level road, past Poplar Spring Church, to the Peebles house, then General Warrens headquarters. General Warren, with the larger half of the Fifth and Ninth Corps, was at this time pushing toward the South Side road. After some little delay at the Peebles house our Third 1)ivision was placed in position on the left of the line and retiring somewhat, so as to prevent the enemy front execut- ing successfully his usual flank attack. The weather during this move- ment was very unpropitious, the rain on the 1st and 2d of October having been continuous and heavy, the nights chilly and raw, and the roads so muddy as to render marching very disagreeable as well as laboi~ous. The hospital of the Third Division, as soon as the troops had started on the cars, followed the course of the corduroy road until it reached the Yellow House, where it went into park until future developments should indicate a suitable position for its establishment. In the afternoon it was located and put into working condition in the strip of woods about midway between Yellow Tavern and the Gurley house. This position was selected because it was in the immediate vicinity of Warren Station, from which it was intended to send by rail to City Point whatever wounded might be received. The distance between this point and the position held by the division was nearly three miles, a distance which, if the troops became only lightly engaged, would entail no discomfort upon those wonuded, but which in the case of a serious engagement would prevent the wounded from being removed from the field with the requisite celerity. In selecting this place it was therefore distinctly understood that should an engagement of moment seem imminent the hospital would move forward to the vicinity of the field. The First and Second Divisions in the meantime were occupying the works in front of the city. The former stretched from the Appomattox to Fort Morton, the latter connected on the left with the colored division of the Ninth Army Corps. At the beginning of the month the hospital of the Second Division was situated at the Southall house, that of the First at the Birchett house, but on the afternoon of October 1, when the Third Division hospital vacated the woods in rear of Deserted House to follow the troops to the left, th Page 278 278 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. First Division hospital was removed to the unoccupied camp, as the Birchett house during the pending operations was considered to be insecure. Ko heavy engagement took place on the left. General Motts division (Third) participated only in some active skirmishing, which yielded the hospital about seventy wounded. These were speedily dressed and sent by rail to City Point. On the 6th the divis- ion returned to its old position in the works on the left of the corps front. The hospital again assumed its position in the wood in rear of the Deserted House, the First Division hospital, which had occupied this ground for a few days, moving out to a house near Meade Station, which had been its location during the heavy assaults of the 16th and 18th of June, 1864, the situation of the troops and hospitals of the corps remaining as they now existed until the night of the 24th. The Second and Third Divisions were then relieved from the works and massed for action under cover of the woods. The First Division stretched out to hold the line hitherto defended by the corps as a whole. On the 25th, as it was necessary to put the hospital in march- ing condition, the sick were sent to the Point depot. About 450 cases were also sent away who, had no movement been on the tapis, would perhaps have never appeared on the hospital records. They were men slightly indisposed, who were looked upon by regimental and brigade medical officers as unable with propriety to accompany the troops o~ the move. At 2 p. m. of the 26th the Second and Third Divisions, accompanied by their hospital trains (the usual allowance of one-half of the ambu- lances and one medicine and one army wagon to each brigade), moved off toward the left. That part of the trains not permitted to follow the troops were sent within the defenses of City Point, there to remain until called for, or until the return of the troops. The line of march stretched through the woods by the Smith, Williams, and Gurley houses to Fort Dushane, outside of which the men bivouacked at night-fall. While here it was arranged, in order that the march might be more rapidly effected in the morning, that all trains per- mitted to accompany the divisions should remain at the Gurley house in park until their presence should be required at the front. To this order no exception was made of the wagons carrying medical supplies, so that when the line of march was again taken up the ambulances only accompanied the troops. Reveille was sounded about 3 a. m. of the 27th, and shortly afterward the march was resumed, the Second Division in advance. Leaving Fort Dushane the column moved along the Halifax road for about two miles amid a half, when it struck off to the right along a narrow wood road leading to a crossing over ~ Run, a short distance below Armstrongs Mill. An hour after day- break the head of our column struck the enemys pickets, about a quar- ter of a mile from the crossing. They were immediately driven in and the works defending the passage of the run assaulted and captured. This success was achieved with loss of about fifty wounded, sufficient to load up all the ambulances present with the Second Division, fifteen in number. The medical director made application for permission to send these loaded wagons back to the Gurley house, so that they might be relieved of the wounded they carried, and to have them return immediately to the front, where their services might possibly be required. This was disapproved, on the ground that straggling par- ties of the enemys cavalry were now in our rear and might chance to interfere with the safe conduct of the train unless well guarded. Application for an armed escort was also refused. The wounded had, therefore, to be carried along with the troops toward the Boydto Page 279 CEAP.LXiII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 279 plank road, which was struck early in the day near the Burgess house, where the run and the road intersect. The enemy was found in force at this point and disputed tur farther advance. In an open field on the east side of the plank road, and about half a mile from the Bur- gess house, was a small frame building, with outhouses attached, called Haineys. This seemed the most suitable position obtainable at which to establish a depot for wounded. The ambulances were instructed to unload here, and here the medical officers connected with the field division hospitals were ordered to report to dress the wounded and perform the necessary operations. This house was out of range of those guns brought by the enemy to bear upon the right and center of the line, but later in the day, as the medical officers were extem- porizing operating tables for some cases that demanded operative interference, an attack was made by the enemy upon our left, where General Greggs cavalry were dismounted. During this attack the house unfortunately was directly in the line of fire, and so near this part of the front that musketry reached it. A shell passed through the building, luckily without injuring any of the inmates. It became necessary to discontinue the preparations being made for operating. It became necessary even to have the wounded removed from this dangerous locality. The ambulances were accord- ingly loaded well, and were moved to a grove of pine trees on the east side of the open space, where the exposure to the fire then existing was materially lessened; the stretcher carriers in the meantime, acting upon orders received earlier in the day, continued to bring in the wounded to this house, where the medical officers still remained to yield them what little assistance lay in their power. At one time during the attack on the left it seemed possible that the enemy might succeed in driving us back so far as to obtain possession of the house. In view of this possibility Surg. Fred. A. Dudley, Fourteenth Connecticut Volunteers; Asst. Surg. W. T. Hicks, Seventh Virginia Volunteers, and Asst. Surg. W. J. Darby, Fifty-ninth New York Volunteers, volunteered to remain with the wounded collected there. Darkness shortly after- ward set in and fighting ceased for the day. A couple of hours were passed in uncertainty, and then it became known that the struggle would not be resumed on the morrow. Preparations were made to have the troops withdrawn from the enemys front. The ambulances started first on the return toward the fortifications. They were escorted by a regiment of infantry, and were ordered to report at the Gurley house, where the medicine wagons were parked. The surgeons accom- panying were instructed to form hospitals there, and to lose no time in performing the necessary operations, so that the wounded might be sent to the point by rail without delay. On account of the deficiency of ambulances all the wounded collected at the IRainey house had to be left there to fall next morning into the hands of the enemy. The medi- cal officers who during the course of the afternoon had gallantly volun- teered to remain with the wounded were, by order from the medical director, empowered to do so. The supplies left at their disposal amounted only to the contents of two or three of Chapins field com- panions, for on the field there was no other source from which to draw. The number of wounded left at the house and on the field amounted to perhaps 250. No communications on this subject have as yet been received from any of the medical officers left at Raineys. They are supposed to be still in the hands of the enemy. At 10 p. m. the troops commenced to move off, the Third Division in advance. The night was very disagreeable; it was intensely dark and rainy. The darkness and the state of the narrow road through the woods rendered the marc Page 280 280 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. fatiguingly slow. They bivouacked on the banks of Hatchers Run near the mills, and early next morning, all the stragglers having come up with the main body, the march was re~uined. Fort Dushane was reached, and after some delay the troops went into camp in rear of the fortifications, held during their absence by the First Division. At an early hour of this morning the wounded reached the Gurley house, where those requiring such proceedings were operated on. About 3 p. m. a train of cars left Warren Station with the majority of them. The few then remaining were sent to the depot at the Point by a second train, which started late in the evening. One hundred and seventy-five cases were sent away. The temporary hospital formed at the Gurley house was then broken up, and its constituent parts, Second and Third Divisions, followed in the track of the troops to their old locations, Second to Southall house and Third to the rear of the Deserted House. In this Boydton road engagement I medical officer w~s wounded, A sst. Surg. P. B. Rose, Fifth Michigan Volunteers, in the knee, a flesh wound; in the ambulance train 2 sergeants and 2 stretchermen were wounded; 2 of the latter were also captured; indeed, at one time all the stretcher- carriers attached to the Second Brigade, Second Division, were in the hands of the enemy, but with the exception of 2 they all effected their escape while captors were engaged with the First Maine Heavy Artil- lery. Three horses were shot. No property belonging to the medical (ambulance, of course, included) department of the corps fell into the hands of the enemy other than the two or three field companions left at the Rainey house. During the time spent by these two divisions at the Boydton road, the First Division (Miles) was noisily engaged with the enemy in front of Petersburg. A few words concerning it are necessary: On the morning of the 26th, the day on which the movement was inaugurated, the First Division hospital, then situated near Meade Station, was broken up. Iii view of the extreme caution displayed in having all trains belonging to the army removed to the fortifications at City Point, we considered this house too far to the reartoo much exposed, if not to the enemy in force, at least to straggling guerrilla parties. ft was the intention, therefore, to move this hospital nearer the front to make it hug the breast-works as a protection from the iml)lied danger in the rear, but a peremptory order from the major- general commanding the corps to have all the wagons and ambulances, save five of the latter belonging to this hospital, removed at once to City Point, prevented its formation anew. It was then decided up on to establish brigade hospitals in the bomb-proofs in and around the forts if an action with the enemy should call for their existence. To this end battle supplies in what the surgeon-in-chief considered to be sufficient quantity were taken out of the wagons and transported to the front. Medical officers were ordered in case of an engagement to rendezvous at certain fixed points, and the five ambulances at their disposal were informed of the localities. The division hospital train then moved off toward the Point with a steward in charge of the prop- erty, all the medical officers connected with the institution having for the nonce been ordered to the front. On the 27th some miniature assaults were made upon the enemys line. The few wounded resulting (twenty-five) were very satisfactorily treated in the brigade hospital. A lack of ambulances was the only drawback. Not that the number present was insufficient for the amount of work to be performed, but the uncertainty at first existing concerning the amount of casualties, in connection with the very small number of ambulances (five), created for some time a good deal of uneasiness Page 281 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 281 Next day the wounded were sent to the Point depot, the division train was brought up, and the hospital re-established on its previous site. On the evening of the 29th the Third Division assumed the posi- tion it had vacated to commence the Boydton move. After dark on the 31st the First Divisiou was relieved from the trenches by General Gibbons (Second) division. The First thus became a reserve to the others. It had orders to encamp in the neighborhood of the Sonthall house. This compelled the Second l)ivision hospital to move, even had no change been rendered necessary by the position on the right taken up by the troops of its own command. It was moved accordingly to the house near Meade Station, which had in the meantime been vacated by the First Division hospital. To be within a reasonable distance of its command, the First Division hospital had settled in an open space about half a mile in rear of the Deserted House. The position selected was good, an elevated sandy soil affording excellent natural drainage. During the interval elapsing between the termination of the movement by General Warren at the beginning of the mouth and the commence- ment of that on the 25th instant~ which culminated in the affair at the Boydton plank, the troops were in comparatively comfortable quarters in the fortifications in front of Petersburg. Police duties were every- where well attended to. The bomb-proofs were commodious and clean, most of them being furnished with raised bed places and with one or more brick chimneys, which latter acted as efficient ventilators. The men were well furnished with underclothing and blankets, a lack of which during the previous month had been the cause of much discom- fort and not a few cases of sickness. A comparison of this months sick reports with those of September shows a decided decrease in the amount of sickness. Corps sick rate for September (computed from regimental monthly reports of sick) 52.42 Corps sick rate for October 39. 00 Number of sick sent from field to depot hospital, September 1, 564 Number of sick sent from field to depot hospital, October 991 And this, although over 400 of those sent away during this month were only slight cases, such as could not with propriety accompany the troops on the march, and although at the same time the average strength of the command was increased by 3,000. This improvement, however, seems only to have affected the Second and Third l)ivisions, the First Division presenting as heavy a sick rate as dnring September. september. October. c~ ~ -~c n~ Command. ~5 s~ ,~ s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~a s~ ~ ~ -~, ~ ny ~ ~ ~ .~n ~ ~Q a~..c ~ a a -~ ~ ~~u an ~ ~ -1 -~ ~-; ~ First Division 5, 821 337 57. 90 6 7, 144 360 50. 38 13 5econd Division 3, 607 194 53. 78 1 4, 338 146 33. 62 3 Tbird Division 7, 205 418 58. 00 1 7, 974 295 36. 99 4 Artillery Brigade 1, 888 22 11. 65 2, 072 39 13. 99 Total corps 18,521 971 52.42 8 21,528 840 39.0i 20 The greater sickness prevailing in the First Division is attributed to the large re-enforcements ot new men which the command has received within the past two months. During the month the cases of seriou Page 282 282 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIIL sickness have been of typho-malarial fever. Cases of pure typhoid fever have not been seen, and unmodified intermittent have been equally rare. A very few cases of pneumonia have occurred, less than during the preceding month, probably owing to the full supplies of clothing and blankets drawn by the men after their experience of the raw weather of September. The great mass of the sick in the corps have been affected with diarrhea, which is looked upon in the majority of cases as owing origin to malaria. There has been purchased during the month out of tlie First Division hos- pital fund supplies to the value of $1, 106.00 Credit due hospital October 31 1, 968. 14 Purchased out of Second Division hospital fund 233. 16 The credit due this hospital on October 31 cannot be specified, as the books of the commissary still remain in some confusion, owing to the wound inflicted upon Captain Denniston, com as mentioned upon report for last month. missary of subsistence Purchased out of Third Division hospital fund Credit due Third Division hospital fund $938. 00 Purchased by Artillery Brigade hospital Credit remaining Artillery Brigade hospital 50. 01~ Medical inspectors report of the field hospitals of the Second Corps for the month of October, 1864. Hospitals. Firs~.iDivision Second Division Third Division Artillery Brigade Total Hospitals. First Division Second Division Third Division Artillery Brigade Remaining Admitted during month. a .0. September30, Enlisted 1864. Officers. Other . Total. -33 men, corps ~ no u a0 a a 0 a a 5 00 4 C ~ 0 bfl 1 ir 1 583 149 738 7 - - 287 171 458 14 579 223 802 3 _____ -~ - 65 18 85 24 1,472 528 2 8 1 1,511 501 2,083 1 8i 40 Sent to Sent to Sent to depot hos- other regiment pital. corps. for duty. a 0 4 0 a 0 403 143 181 146 369 200 38, 18 4 u 2 a 0 78 78 167 2 a 0 0 4 a 0 0 570 147 275 159 562 207 65 15 Died. a ,1, -Q - a .~a 17 -. - - 10 3 11 Total 991 507 2 3251 4 3 Respectfully submitted. .0 0 a 0 H 17 10 14 38 - -.. 41 163 a Remaining Octo- ~ her 31, 1864. 0 0 a a a _ ~___ 94 3 97i 738 25 14 39~ 458 37 13 50 .802 7 1 8~ 83 31 194 2,083 CHAS. SMART, Asst. Surg., U. S. Army, Medical Inspector Second Army Corps. Surg. THOMAS A. MCPARLIN, U. S. Army, Medical Director Army of the Potomac. [42.1 Page 283 CHAP. LXIII.] THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY CAMPAIGN. 283 AUGUST 7-NOVENBER 28, 1864.The Shenandoah Valley Campaign. Report of Got. William W. Henry, Tenth Vermont Infantry, of operations October 19.* CAMP TENTH YERMONT YOLUNTEER INFANTRY, Near Middletown, Va., October 20, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this regiment in the battle fought at this place on yesterday, the 19th instant: The regiment went into action with 17 officers and 280 men in line of battle. About 6 a. m. a very heavy attack was made on the left of the general line. Soon after daylight the Sixth Corps was formed in line of battle at right angles to our original position, and facing toward what had been the left flank. The enemy had at this time broken the left, and the fugitives, with wagons, & c., were constantly passing our line. About 7.30 oclock the enemy opened a very severe fire of artil- lery and musketry from a commanding crest, which they had gained in front of the line we had newly taken up. Their fire, well directed, swept the ground we occupied, while they attempted to cross the val- ley in our front. Under the severe fire from the front, increased by a partially enfilading fire from a hill on the right, our line fell back to a low ridge about 400 yards in rear of that at first occupied. The rebels advanced their line of battle to the crest we had left. When our line fell back, three pieces of Captain McKnights battery (M, Fifth United States) had been left, and the rebels advanced to these guns. Seeing this, a charge was ordered, and the regiment, with the colors in advance, charged up to the guns and recovered them. Sergt. William Mahoney, of Company E, color-bearer of the regiment, was the first to reach the guns, planting the colors upon one of them. The rebels gave way in confusion and fled across the valley and over the ridge beyond. The recaptured gnus were drawn off it being necessary to draw two of them some distance by hand. The rebels, having rallied, poured in a heavy fire from the front and right, a heavy column advancing up the valley from that direction. The troops on the left falling back beyond our line, we were soon exposed to a fire from that flank also. The loss at this point was very severe, and the line fell back to the second ridge. Here a stand was made, and the robels were again driven from the crest in front, which they attempted to carry. But pursuing their advan- tage on the left, they soon flanked us in such force as to compel a retreat of the whole line. Although broken and somewhat scattered in places, the line fell back slowly, the men constantly turning and firing. In this way we retired about a mile, the enemy having all the time a cross fire of musketry upon ns, as well as a sharp fire from several guns commanding the whole plain. Capt. L. D. Thompson, command- ing Company D, was killed while thus retreating, and the loss was very heavy. Reaching a cross-road, the line was halted and reformed about 9 a. m. The enemy forebore to press us further on this point, but as they advanced on our left our line was withdrawn some distance farther. At this time General Sheridan arrived on the field. The line was immediately reformed. Breast-works of rails and logs were thrown up, in which we lay until about 3.30 p. in., when a general advance was ordered. The regiment, with the general line of the division, moved * The report printed in vol. XLIII, Part I, p. 244, was evidently prepared for the signature of Col. William W. Henry, but was signed by Lieut. Col. Charles G. Chandler Page 284 284 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. forward through woods iuto an open field, where the advance was checked for a few minutes, nntil the remainder of the line coming np, we again pushed on and drove the rebels from a strong position behind a stone wall, forcing them back about half a mile. Here they took np a very strong position on a continuous ridge, along the crest of which ran a stone wall, and made a determined stand. The fire was inces- sant and very heavy for about half an hour, bnt the enemy finally gave way before our fire. A general charge was ordered, and, the trool 5 advancing on the run, the rebels gave way in complete disorder. The cavalry took up the pursuit, and little resistance was attempted after this time. In this last charge Sergeant Mahoney, color-bearer, was shot dead while gallantly advancing with the colors at the front of the regiment. We advanced over the battle-ground of the morning, and soon after dark took possession of our old camps. It is impossible to particularize any officers or men where all so fully performed their duty and behaved so nobly. Adjutant Lyman was wounded while falling back from the first position, while encouraging the men by voice and example and most gallantly performing the duties of his position. Captain Dewey, Company A, commanded the regiment during the last charge, and led it through that severe engagement in a manner calling for high commendation. A list of the casualties iu the regiment is inclosed.* The loss is very great, being, as will be seen, about one- third of the total number engaged. I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. W. HENRY, Colonel, Gomdg. Tenth Regiment Vermont Vol. Ii~fantry. General PETER T. WASHBURN, Adjutant and Inspector General. Report of Lieut. George B. Gilman, First New Hampshire Cavalry of operattons September 1521. CAMP STONEMAN, D. C., September 26, 1864 Sni: I respectfully submit the following report: That I left Camp Stoneman on Thursday, the 15th day of September, with a detachment of men undcr command of Major Fry for the front We arrived at headquarters at Strasburg on Wednesday, September 21, and turned the men over to officer detailed to receive them. We then received orders to return to Winchester to wait an escort back to Harpers Ferry. We did so and awaited two hours over the time for them to arrive. Major Fry was then informed by some wagon masters that the escort had passed through town on the Martinsburg pike. We immediately started after them, and when about five miles out of Winchester on the pike toward Martinsburg, at about 9 oclock in the evening, we were fired into by a band of rebels. My horse was shot and 1 was captured and pitt onto another horse and started along with them, and in the rush after the other officers I made my escape and returned to Winchester, and here I found the escort that we were ordered to wait for, and I came to Harpers Ferry with them and reported to General Stevenson and was ordered to report to my regi. ment, which I did as soon as possible. The officers with me at the time * See Vol. XLVII, Part I, p. 132 Page 285 (HAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 285 of my capture were Major Fry, of the Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Capt. N.H. Brown, First Lient. F. P. Stone, and Second Lieut. George H. Pres~ey, of the First New Hampshire Cavalry, and they are supposed to have been captured as nothing has been heard from them since. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. E. GILMAN, First Lieutenant, First New Hampshire Cavalry. Capt. L. L. BARNEY. [43.] JANUARY 1-APRIL 3, 1865.-The Richmond (Virginia) Campaign. Report of Lient. J. Webb Adams, Tenth Battery ilifassachusetts Light Artillery, of operations February 511. HEADQUARTERS TENTH MASSACHU8ETTS BATTERY, February 12, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report that on the 5th instant at 6 a. m. I reported with the battery to Brigadier-General Smyth, com- manding Second Division, Second Army Corps, and marched with that division on the Vaughan road to near Hatchers I~nn and went into position, the right section, commanded by Lieutenant Day, near the Tucker house, the left section, commanded by Lieutenant reen, near young Armstrongs house, covering the front and right of General Smyths division, and the center section, commanded by First Sergeant Townsend, under my own immediate supervision, near General Smyths headquarters, covering a ford and General Smyths left flank. About 4.30 p. m. the enemy in strong force attacked the right of General Smyths division and attempted to turn his flank. Lieutenant Green changed the position of his section and opened an enfilading fire within 300 ~yards of the right of the enemys line of battle. The center section changed front and fired to the rear, having an oblique fire on the center and left of the enemys line of battle. After a hard fight of an hour or more (during which time we were under a heavy fire from a rebel battery on our then left), and having expended nearly 300 rounds of ammunn- tion, doing good execution, the enemy withdrew. The right section was not engaged, though the pieces were loaded, and Lieutenant 1)ay and his men were both ready and willing. On the 6th remained in position, but not engaged. On the 7th opened with one section toward night on a rebel battery in front of General Warrens line, about one mile distant. After expending twenty-five rounds the rebel battery ceased firing. I afterward learned through one of General Smyths staff that my shell fell directly in the rebel battery and they were obliged to draw out. On the 8th, 9th, and 10th in the same position, but not engaged. On the 11th, at 4 a. in., withdrew the battery to the new line of works, some 600 yards to the rear, where I now remain. Very respectfully, your obedient servant J. WEBB ADAMS, First Lieutenant, Commanding Tenth Massachusetts Battery. Lieut. U. D. EDDY, - Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [46. Page 286 286 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. Lxiii. Report of Brig. Gen. Henry Baxter, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Army Corps, of operations February 57. HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, THIRD DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, February 16, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to forward the following report of part taken by this brigade in late movement near Hatchers Run: Brigade moved from camp on Jerusalem plank road in light march- ing order early on morning of 5th instant, First and Third Brigades in advance, marching west to Halifax road, thence south on said road about two miles, leaving this road to the left, still marching south, cross- ing Howanty Creek and bearing westerly to Vaughan road and Gravelly Run farm. Here was directed by the general commanding division to halt, mass brigade, and await the passing of wagon train. After remaining about one hour, received orders to remain for the night and to guard well the approaches from all directions. The Thirty-iiinth Massachusetts, Lieutenant-Colonel Tremlett, was immediately placed on picket, forming connection at Gravelly Run with pickets of Second Corps and extending to the left around our position to near Vaughan road. Detachments of Eleventh Pennsylvania were sent to guard approaches on left of Vaughan road, which were soon relieved by First Brigade, as was a portion of Colonel Tremletts line by Third Brigade having returned to this position. Remainder of brigade formed line of battle and bivouacked. Early on morning of 6th moved back, crossing Hatchers Run on Vaughan road about 8 a. m. and massing on north bank of stream. About 2 p. m. recrossed Hatchers Run, First and Third Brigades in advance, moving to the right, First Brigade soon encountering enemys pickets and driving them for near a mile to vicinity of Dabneys Mill. I was directed to move forward and form connection with First Brigade, to form two regiments in extension of line of said brigade to left. Thirty-ninth Massachusetts and Sixteenth Maine were moved forward. Ninety-seventh New York, Eleventh Pefinsylvania, and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania formed to left and rear. The line immediately advanced, encountering a heavy fire, but succeeded in driving the enemy and occupying Dabneys Mill. The rear line was immediately moved forward and the position held for some time, until, the enemy receiving heavy re-enforcements, we were pressed back some 200 yards, when it was checked and soon moved forward, reach. ing the position we had left. We were again forced back, the enemy being again heavily re-enforced, and the troops on our left being forced back, subjecting us to a galling flank fire. The line was again checked, about 200 yards to the rear, and the enemy checked in their advance. Was here directed to throw up a slight protection of logs, and succeeded in partially doing so. The brigade had expended all their ammunition and was awaiting a supply which had been ordered forward. It was near dark when a persistent attack was again made by the enemy, and the troops giving way on our left, the brigade fell back in some disorder. Brigade was massed on south side Hatchers Run and remained until morning of 7th. About 9 a. m. morning of 7th received orders to move out, taking advance of division and moving beyond work occupied by First Division toward Dal~~neys Mill. On arriving outside of works was directed by the general commanding division to deploy double line of skirmishers, which was immediately done, the Thirty.ninth Ma& s Page 287 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 287 chusetts, Lieutenant-Colonel Tremlett, in advance, and Eleventh Penn- sylvania, Major Overmeyer, second line, with Sixteenth Maine, Ninety-seventh New York, Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania in line of battle. The line of skirmishers was at once moved forward, meeting enemys skirmishers and pressing them steadily back, line of battle closely following. Continued to move forward for a mile or more under a severe skirmish fire until within abont 300 yards of enemys works and was directed to hold this position. It became necessary to deploy remainder of line as skirmishers to right and left, receiving a severe fire on either flank. Remained in this position nntil near 6 oclock, the men suffering severely from the cold storm which continned the entire day. The Fifty-sixth Pennsyl- vania, Lieutenant-Colonel Jack, of Third Brigade, had reported to me, and was held in reserve until an advance was ordered, when it moved forward with skirmishers, officers and men acquitting themselves with credit. Near 6 oclock p. m. an attack by the division was made on the enemys works in our front. Skirmishers advanced about 100 yards supported by Third Brigade, and here encountered so severe a fire from enemys works was forced to retire, as was also Third Brigade. Again occnpied same position as during the day. Was relieved from skirmish line about 9 p. in., a portion of the line by troops of a brigade of Sixth Corps, which had beeii moved up, and portion by Third Bri gade. Formed line and threw up works about 400 yards from enemys works, connecting on right with Third Brigade and on left with brigade of Sixth Corps. One a. m. 8th moved to north side Hatchers iRun, near Yanghan road, massed, and bivouacked. Colonel Tilden, Sixteenth Maine, received a painful wonnd on the 6th, rendering him unable to remain with his command, but although still suffering returned to his regiment on the morning of the 7th and remained with it, sustaining his well-earned reputation. Lieutenant-Colonel ilaines, Eleventh Pennsylvania, commanding Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania, was seriously and dangerously wounded while gallantly leading his regiment on the 6th,. proving himself a true soldier. Lieutenant-Colonel Spofford, Ninety-seventh New York, was wounded while directing and encour- aging his men on the skirmish line on the 7th, which took him from the field. Lieutenant-Colonel Trcmlett, Thirty-ninth Massachusetts, and Major Overmeyer, Eleventh Pennsylvania, did all that could be asked of the best soldier. Captain Cowdrey, assistant adjutant-general, was severely wounded on the 6th, depriving me of services which were performed with coolness and judgment. Captain Plummer, Sixteenth Maine, brigade inspector, and Lieutenant Leavitt, Sixteenth Maine, aide-dc-camp, are.entitled to favorable mention for energetic and prompt action and soldierly bearing before the enemy. Reference is made to regimental commanders reports, which are herewith forwarded, for mention of officers and men of their commands. I forward tabular statement of casualtics.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. BAXTER, Brigadier- General, Commanding Brigade. Maj. E. C. BAIRD, Assistant Adjutant- General. [46.] Embodie4 in table, Vol. XLVI, Part I,p.66 Page 288 288 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Report of Cot. Charles W. Tilden, AS1ixteenth Maine Infantry, of o1per- ations February 511. Hno~us. SIXTEENTH MAINE INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS, February 13, 1865. In accordance with orders I have the honor to forward the following report of the operations of my regiment in the late movements near Hatchers Run, Va.: In compliance with orders from brigade lieadqnarters the regiment, numbering 8 line officers and 223 guns (the last detachment of recruits, camp guard, and sick remaining in camp), broke camp abont 7 a. m. on Sunday, February 5, moving out in light marching order and supplied with four days rations. Reached Weldon railroad near Hancocks Station and moved from thence down the line of the road about two miles, then turned to the right on the Halifax road, crossed Itowanty Creek about 3p. in., and proceeded to the Vaughan road about two miles southwest of Powanty Creek. At this point the brigade formed a line of battle and bivonacked for the night. my regiment having the right of the line and my right resting on the road. Moved outs on the Vaughan road about 4 oclock in the morning of the 6th instant. Halted about 8 a. in. on the east side of Hatchers Run and remained until 2 p. m. Then moved about two miles to the right, or southwest, when the brigade was formed in two lines of battle, my regiment having the center of the first line, with the Thirty-ninth Massachu- setts on my right and the Ninety-seventh New York on my left. Advanced aud engaged the enemy near Burgess Mills, steadily driv- ing him from his position. The left wing of my regiment became somewhat broken in advancing through the woods, owing to the dense thicket and swamp through which it was obliged to advance, but was immediately reformed on gaining the edge of the woods, and rnshed forward, wresting from the enemy an elevated position formed from the debris of an old mill, which was held until the enemy came upon my left flank in strong force, compelling the line to retire some 200 yards, which it did in good order. In connection with the advance, I desire to bring to the notice of the general commanding the name of Color Sergt. Lnther Bradford, who was wounded in the left arm (causing amputation of same) while gallantly bearing the colors in advance of the line, urging the men on to their work. This is the third time he has been wounded since his connection with the color guard of the regi- ment. Corpl. M. J. Grindle, of the color guard, is also deserving of special commendation for the bravery he displayed. Seizing the colors after Sergeant Bradford was wounded, he rushed forward in advance of the line and placed them upon the work above referred to. This act of bravery was performed in the presence of the general commanding the brigadim. He, too, was wounded when we were obliged to fall back. Three times in succession the line of which my regiment comprised a part advanced, driving the enemy, and [was] as many times forced back by superior numbers. The last movement toward the rear was made late in the afternoon, and caused by the operations of the enemy in strong force on our left flank. Our line was re-established, however, after falling back a short distance, and the enemy who was just appearing at the edge of the woods driven back. This ended the operations for the day. The regiment bivouacked in the open field near Hatchers Run, but a short distance from the scene of action. The casualties of the 6th instant are as follows: One officer, Lient. Gustavus Moore, Company E, wounded; 2 enlisted men killed, 34 wounded, and 11 missing; total loss, 1 officer and 46 enlisted men Page 289 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 289 February 7, moved about 7 a in.; marched two miles northeast on the Vaughan road, and formed line of battle in the open field west of the road. The Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers and Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers were deployed as skirmishers and my regi- ment formed the first line of battle. The line advanced abont 9 a. in., forcing the enemy from his temporary works, giving us possession of an elevated position running through a belt of woods some 350 or 400 yards in front of the enemys main line. About 11 a. m. my regiment was ordered to deploy and strengthen the skirmish line, which was done, under charge of Capt. E. F. Davis, Company C. Immediately after deploying the enemy opened his artillery ou the right of our line, compelling the meu on this part of the line to retire. They were immediately rallied, however, and silenced the battery, holding the line until late in the afternoon, when orders were received to advance to the enemys main line of works. Although nearly out of ammuni- tion my regiment moved forward steadily at the command to the edge of the woods, and within 200 yards of the enemys works, when we were obliged to retire (not having sufficient support to carry the same) to the position occupied during the day. About 1 oclock February 8 the line was withdrawn. Bivouacked the day and night of the 8th about two miles from the field of battle. The casualties of the 7th instant are as follows: Enlisted men killed, 1; wounded, 25; total loss in both days, 1 officer and 73 men. Febrnary 9, the regiment was on picket near Halifax road. On the 10th returned to old quarters. On the 11th moved to the position it now occupies. It is with great pleas- nre that I am able to speak in commendatory terms of the officers of my command, who were constantly with their companies from the time of our breaking camp ou the 5th instant. I deem it also worthy of remark to state that with two exceptions the line officers present came out with the regiment as non-commissioned officers and privates, and have carried their present positions by their meritorious conduct on former occasions, which was so nobly sustained in the late movements of the 6th and 7th instant. Especial credit is due to Capt. E. F. Davi~ for his efficient aid in taking charge of the regiment while deployed as skirmishers on the 7th instant. I can also speak in high terms of the conduct of the non-commissioned officers and many of the men of my command, many of whom have never before been brought under fire. I should not forget to mention Corpl. James Maloney, Company II, serving on the color guard, who picked up the colors after two color-bearers had been shot in succession and borne wounded from the field, and carried them with honor and credit to himself through the subsequent movements. CHAS. W. TILDEK, Colonel, Sixteenth Regiment Maine Volunteers. Lieut. ATJBREY LEAVITT, A. A. A. U., Second Brigade. [46.] Report of Lieut. Col. Henry M. Tremlett, Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Infantry, of operations February 510. IIDQRS. THIRTY-NINTH MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, February 10, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to forward the following report of operations of regiment under my command during the late movement: Regiment left camp on morning of Sunday, 5th instant, in light 19 R R.YOL LI, PT Page 290 290 MD., E. N. C., PA., YA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. marching order, supplied with four days rations. Marched all day; at night halted near Gravelly Run; were immediately placed on picket and remained on picket until daylight Monday, February (5, wheu we were withdrawn and rejoined the brigade, which marched to Thitchers Run. At 4 p. m. advanced against the enemy and remained under fire until about da~k, when the line fell back to Hatchers Run, reach- ing said place about 7 p. m. My loss in this engagement was 1 killed and 12 wounded. Remained in bivouac until 11 a. m. Tuesday, Feb- ruary 7, at which time we advanced outside our works and formed advanced skirmish line. Immediately engagcd the enemy, advanced and carried their works, capturing 1 officer (a lieutenant-colonel) and 6 enlisted men. Were relieved at 10 p. m. by a portion of the Sixth Corps, and retired behind their works; at midnight were with- drawn and marched to Hatchers Run. My loss in this engagement was 2 officers and 12 enlisted men wounded. Remained in bivouac all day Wednesday, 8th. Thursday, 9th, relieved pickets of Third Bri- gade and remained on picket near Hatchers Run until Friday, 10th, when we were relieved and retired to our old camp near Jerusalem plank road. Without disparagement to the rest of the regiment, whose conduct in presence of the enemy, with few exceptions, was admira- ble, allow me to commend to your favorable notice the names of Capt. Joseph J. Cooper, Company F; Sergt. Lyman A. Spooner, Company I, and Private Thomas H. Bradley, Company K; also Corpl. John W. Bailey, Company G, who, by their marked coolness and bravery, proved themselves on this, as on many previous occasions, deserving of the highest praise. Very respectfully, H. M. TREMLETT, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Lient. AITBREY LEAVITT, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. j46.jJ Report of Lieut. Col. John P. AS~offord, Ninety-seventh Neu York Infan- try, of operations February 58. HDQRS. 97TH REG-I~ENT NEW YORK STATE VoLs., February 15, 1865. LIEUTENANT: In accordance with circular from your headquarters, dated February 12, 1865, 1 have the honor to report the following as the part taken by this regiment during the recent operations near Hatchers Run: The regiment broke camp on the morning of the 5th instant, march- ing with the column, by the Halifax road, across Rowanty Creek. The brigade halted on Gravelly Run plantation, and formed line of battle, remaining until about 4 a. m. 6th instant, when it took up the line of march on the Vaughan road, recrossing Hatchers Run near Dab- neys Mill, where it halted until about 1 p. m. Again crossed Hatchers Run and advanced toward Dahneys Mill, near which we formed line of battle, this regiment forming in rear of the Sixteenth Maine Volun- teers. The line then advanced steadily, under a heavy fire from the enemy, until we had gained the old mill, when the brigade on our right being forced back, the enemy, pressing forward, both on our righ Page 291 CnAP LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 291 and left, poured in a heavy cross fire, rendering our position untenable, aiid we were forced to retire. The men of the different regiments, mingling together, fell back in some confusion, but soon rallied around their colors and drove the enemy back, reoccupying the former posi- tion, holding it near thirty minutes. The enemy being re-enforced, and pouring in a terrible fire both on our front and flanks, compelled us to fall back the second time. The line was again reformed, amid some confusion, and as well as possible under the circumstances, and went forward again with the brigade, and threw up temporary breast-works and held them until the Second Division fell back, leaving us unsup- ported on either flank; we were compelled to fall back to our line of works, where we remained during the night. On the morning of the 7th instant advanced up Hatchers Run toward Armstrongs Mill and to the right of the battle-field of the 6th; formed line of battle in rear of skirmish line, and advanced, driving the enemys skirmishers about three-quarters of a mile, when the line halted and opened fire, remaining in this position until about 5 p. in., when the Third Brigade was ordered to charge the enemy. The ranks of this regiment having been thinned to such an extent, was ordered to advance as skirmishers in front of the charging column; were repnlsed, and retired to the line which we had held during the afternoon, where we remained until 1 a. m. 8th instant, when we again moved back to the fortifications. I take especial pleasure in bringing to your notice Adjt. W. B. Judd (whose term of service had expired) for gallant conduct on both days of the fight. On the 7th, many yards in front of the line, while cheering on the men by word and act, he was struck in the knee by a musket-ball, by which he lost his leg. Many instances of noble daring among the enlisted men, too numerous for this report, will be commended in regi- mental orders. The loss of the regiment was as follows: February 6, 1865, 9 enlisted men wounded and 6 missing; February 7, 1865, 3 com- missioned officers wounded, 3 enlisted men killed and 14 wounded. Two of those reported missing we have since ascertained to have been killed.. I am, lieutenant, very respectfully, yours, & c., J. P. SPOFFORD, Lieutenant.Golonel. Lieut. A. LEAV1TT, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [46.] Report of Mc0. John B. Overrneyer, Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 510. llnQns. ELEVENTH REGiMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLS., Camp near Hatchers Run, Va., February 13, 1865. Sin: In obedience to circular from headquarters Second Brigade of February 9, 1865, I make the following report of regiment during recent movement of corps: On morning of 5th instant this regiment, with brigade, marched from camp near Jerusalem plank road along Halifax road, crossing Creek and encamped for the night on Gravelly Creek plantation. On morning of 6th instant march was resumed, crossing Hatchers Run, when brigade was massed with division on east side of stream until Page 292 292 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII p. in., when regiment, with brigade, recrossed stream, taking a north- west course, and marched about three-quarters of a mile, when line of battle was formed. Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers, Sixteenth Maine Volunteers, and Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers were formed in front, and Eleventh Pennsylvania and Eighty-eighth Penn- sylvania Volunteers in second line. Front line was then marched by the right flank. This regiment ordered to follow Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers. After marching in that direction about a quarter of a mile the lines were re-established, their relative positions being the same as on first formation. The front line was ordered to advance and immediately encountered the enemy. I followed the advance and soon became engaged, the front line having retired. Quite a number of vol- leys were exchanged when I, with permission from the general command- ing brigade, advanced my line some fifty yards, which position I held for a time, when, by direction of the general commanding brigade, I moved my command a short distance by right flank and erected tempo- rary works, but on account of no troops being on our right we were compelled to leave those works, but were successful in regaining them after a short action. We held our position until by the giving way of the entire line on our right and the exhaustion of our ammunition we were forced to abandon it and retire to the fortifications on Hatchers Run; it was now dark; the regiment was again formed and remained inside these works dnring the night. At 10.30 a. m. on the 7th instant regiment, with brigade, marched about a mile along earth-works bearing northwest. We were preceded by Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Volun- teers, which was then deployed as skirmishers, and this regiment was ordered to support them. Both lines were ordered to advance. Thirty- ninth Massachusetts becoming warmly engaged, Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers was marched to their assistance and drove back the rebel skirmishers, captured one line of temporary earth-works, and advanced to within 100 yards of the enemys line of strong earth-works. The regiment remained on skirmish line until about 10 p. in., when it was relieved by part of the Sixth Corps and marched a short distance to the rear. Shortly afterward we were withdrawn and marched across Hatchers Run and bivouacked on east side of stream during night. At 2 p. m. 8th instant regiment was moved about 300 yards farther east and bivouacked during night. Next morning, 9th instant, regi- ment, with brigade, was put on picket, relieving First Brigade. 10th instant regiment marched back to old camp. During every~action in which my command was engaged both officers and men displayed the most conspicuous gallantry, coolness, and intrepidity under jlre. The regiment was in the thickest of the fight on that part of the line on which it was engaged. The following is the loss in the various actions: February 6, 1 non-commissioned officer (Sergt. B. F. Walker) killed, 6 privates killed, 2 officers and St privates wounded 5 mis 7, 2 privates killed, 15 privates wounded, 4 sing; Febrnary missimi g. Recapitulation: Two officers, 69 privates wounded; 1 non-commissioned officer and 8 men killed; 9 privates missing; total, 2 officers and 87 enlisted men. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. B. OVERMEYER Lieut. A. LEAYITT, Major, Commanding Regiment. Acting Assistant Adjutant. General, Second Brigade. [46. Page 293 CHAP. LXIII.J THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 293 Report of Capt. George French, Ninety-fourth New York Infantry, Third Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Army Corps, of operations Feb- ruary 510. HDQRS. NINETY-FOURTH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, February 11, 1865. SIR: The report of operations of this regiment will be embodied in the report of the commanding officer of the Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers,* as the two regiments were consolidated. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEORGE FRENCH, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Capt. J. HARRISON LAiVIBDIN, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Brig., Third Div., Fifth Army Corps. [46.] Report of Capt. Archibald MeC. Bush, Ninety-fifth New York Infantry, of operations February 510. HEADQUARTERS NINETY-FIFTH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, February 11, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with circular from headquarters Third Bri- gade, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this regiment in the recent operations near Hatchers Run: By order from Third Brigade headquarters the Ninety-fourth New York Volunteers and this regiment were temporarily consolidated under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Creney. The regiment broke camp early in the morning of the 5th instant, took upa line of march in a westerly direction, until it reached the Weldon railroad, crossed Hatchers Run, and went into bivouac for the night. On the 6th instant we moved forward and formed line of battle, confronting Dab- neysJVlill, connecting on the left with the Second Brigade. The regi- ment then moved forward against the enemy and became hotly engaged; succeeded in driving the enemy and secnring an advanced position, which was held almost two hours and until the men were entirely out of ammunition. We were then obliged to fall back. The fighting was of a very severe character, but the men stood up nobly to the work. There were several instances of good conduct and acts of gallantry shown. First to be mentioned of them is Lieutenant-Colonel Creney, by taking the colors into his own hands and thereby keeping the line from breaking several different times. He had two horses shot from under him, and he himself finally received a serious wound in the hip and lower part of the abdomen. Captain French and Lieutenant John- son, of the Ninety-fourth New York Volunteers, also deserve to be memitioned for coolness and bravery displayed by them. The color bearers and guards performed their duty unflinchingly and proved themselves to be brave men. The greater part of the night was spent in collecting together the men of the regiment, who had been consider- ably mixed up in the retreat. The regiment bivouacked for the remain- der of the night near Hatchers Run. As there was no field officer in either of the regiments, the Ninety-fourth was then separated from this regiment. We remained near the run until about noon of the * See next, jpO8t Page 294 294 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHit. LXIII. 7th, when we were moved to the battle-ground of the day before and were formed in line of battle in rear of Second Brigade, and advanced with them, keeping several huiidred yards in their rear. After the Sec- ond Brigade reached an advanced position, the regiment then threw up a line of breast-works. At 6 p. in. was ordered to advance and drive the enemy from his works, but only succeeded in getting within 200 or 300 yards of them, where we again threw np works. Shortly before daylight the regiment was moved to our former position across the mn, where we lay nntil the middle of the afternoon, 8th instant, when the regiment was placed on picket on the left flank of the corps, where we remained until about noon on the 9th. We then moved to the right and bivouacked for the iuight. Early in the morning of the 10th instant we moved out on the main road and commenced work there. Were relieved in the afternoon and returned to the old camp. I am, sir, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, SECOII HYATT, Lieut. and Acty. Adjt. (for A. MeG. Bush, Captain, Commanding.) Capt. J. HARRISON LAMBDIN, Assistant Adjutant. Ger~eral. [46.] Report of Bvt. Lient. Col. Dennis B. Dailey, Sixth Wisconsin Infantry, commanding One hundred and forty.seventh New York Infantry, of operations February 510. HEADQUARTERS 147TH NEW YoRK VOLUNTEERS, February 13, 1865. The regiment broke camp and marched at daylight Sunday, the 5th instant. It encountered the enemy at Dabneys Mill on the 6th instant, and fought him until the ainmnnitioii was exhausted. In this en a e- ment 5 officers and 42 men were killed, wounded, and missing. In the heat of the engagement volniiteers were called for to accompany General Morrow (commanding brigade) in advance of the line of brigade colors. The following-named men responded promptly: Sergt. Patrick Cash- man, Company I, color-bearer, One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers; Sergt. Maj. William Boyce; Sergt. J. S. McCoy, Company G; Sergt. J. Mcl)onald, Company K; Sergt. Peter Fanuon, Company K; Corpl. Volney Russell, Company H; Corpl. P. Cunning- ham, CompanyB; Private William Wilson, Company I. In this engage. ment every officer and man performed his whole duty. About 5p. in. the regiment fell back to the line of works in rear, and, marching across Hatchers Run, bivouacked for the night. liecrossed the run the morning of the 7th, and marched nearly to the ground occupied by it (the regiment) on the previous day. Here the regiment threw up a line of works and then moved to the left, advancing in line of battle through a heavy piece of woods, when it came in sight of the enemy, who were advantageously posted on a rise of ground. They (the enemy) having a battery in position, the regiment was compelled to fall back to a tem- porary line of works throwim up by skirmishers, and from this point again advanced, the One hundred an(l forty-seventh New York Volun- teers being in advance of the line a great I)art of the time. Moved at dark to the right and threw up works, and at about 1 oclock fell back across Hatchers Run. fleumilned here until 3 p. in. of the 8th instant, when the regiment moved with the brigade on picket on the Halifa Page 295 C~. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 295 road. It (the regiment) was relieved the 9th instant about 4 p. m. and marched to the north 51(10 oft] ie Van glion road, where it threw up works, remaining here until the morning (1 the 10th instant, when it inrehed to the south side of the Vaughan road and chopped timber for corduroy roads. The regiment marched from here at 5 p. m. and arrived at its old camp about 8 p. m. P. B. DAILEY, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding Regiment. [46.1 Report of Lieut. Cot. John T. Jack, Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 510. HDQRS. 56TH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VET. VOLS., February 10, 18G5. GENERAL: I have the honor to make the following report of the operations of the Fifty sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Volun- teers in the move to Hatchers Run: The Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers broke camp at 6 a. m. on the morning of the 5th instant; marched to Halifax road; followed it south almost two dies. Leaving the Halifax road at marched westward to the Vaughan road, and crossing Hatchers Run proceeded several miles beyond and halted, forming line of battle with right resting on swamp, beyond which rested the left of General Braggs brigade, left joining One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers; a small stream running in front, beyond which vedettes were posted, and a road that passed the position occupied by the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers and across the stream, barricaded effectually by slashing heavy timber over it. The line had just been established when an order came to f~ill in and move off. We retraced our steps about two miles; halted within short distance of Hat9hers Run; threw out l)ickets across the road to Mills (the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers being the picket). In anticipation of an attack from that quarter the road was strongly bar- ricaded. On the morning of the 6th we were called in before daylight and moved off on the Vaughan road, crossing to east side of Hatchers Run, remaining in same position until afternoon. We again recrossed Hatchers Run and mnove(l to meet the enemy, the Fifty-sixth Pennsyl- vania Veteran Volunteers in the second line of battle. The enemy were steadily pressed back at all points, and continued to be until our ammunition giving out we were compelled to fall back, for the want of ammunition alone. Retired to a position on the west bank of Hatchers Run; camped for the night. Next morning (February 7) again moved out to meet the enemy, the Fifty-sixth again in second hue of battle. The enemy were again pushed back to their old line. The Fifty sixth assisting to build breast-works until nearly noon, when they were ordered to the support of General Baxter, amid joined with his brigade in charging the enemys works and were repulsed; returned during the night to the east side of Hatchers Run. Remained in same place until afternoon of 8th instant. Sent on picket. Relieved next morning (February 9) by General Baxter. Returned to west side of Vaughan road and assisted in pntting up breast-works. Ceased work early in the evening and camped for the night. On the morning of the 10th instant moved to Vaughan road and were detailed as workin Page 296 296 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. party. On evening of same day retnrned to camp. I have the honor of reporting most excellent conduct both on part of officers and men throughout. Hoping the above may be satisfactory, I am, very respectfnlly, your obedient servant, JOHN T. JACK, liieut. Cot., Comdg. Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers. Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. W. IIOFMANN. [46.] Report of Capt. Henry H. Herpst, One hundred and tuenty-first Penn- sylvania Infantry, of operations February 510. HEADQUARTERS l2lST PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, February 11, 1865. Sin: I liave the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers in the recent operations: Early in the morning of the 5th instant the regiment took up the line of march in a southwesterly direction, proceeding down the Weldon railroad for a distance of about three miles, then striking west, cross- ing Hatchers liun at 3p.m., and marching until about 6p.m., halted, threw out pickets, withdrew them shortly and resume(l our advance until 10 p. in., encamping for the night some three miles from Dinwiddie Court-House. iDistance marched during the day, fourteen miles. Early the next morning recrossed Hatchers Run near Armstrongs Mill, halting on the north bank of the stream until about 2 p. in., when we again crossed, filing through the breast-works, formed in line of battle and advanced on the enemy, successfully engaging him till dusk, when, our ammunition being exhausted, the men were forced to retire wj.thin the works, where they remained for the night. On the 7th we again attacked the enemy about noon, driving them into their fortifi- cations. The regiment then retired and built works in advance of the old works some three-quarters of a mile, moving out of them the same evening and encamping for the night in an open l1e1d~, On the 8th remained in the field until 3 p. in., when the regiment was thrown on picket on the left of the line, and was relieved the next day at noon, returning to the vicinity of the bridge crossing Hatchers Run, erect- ing fortifications. On the 10th the regiment was employed in corduroy- ing roads, and started for our camping ground at 5 p. m. It is hardly possible for me, in the absence of Major Funk, to mention any particu- lar acts of gallantry on the part of the officers and men, and where all did so well, particularly in the engagement on the 6th, it would be hard to discriminate those deserving of special mention. I hope Major Funk will be allowed to submit his own report, as this will be the only method by which full justice can be given to the regiment. Respectfully submitted. HENRY H. HERPST, Captain, Commanding 121st Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. J. HARRISON LAMEDIN, Assistant Adjutant. General. [46. Page 297 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 297 Report of M{j. Nathan Church, Twenty-sixth Michigan Infantry, First Brigade, First Division, Second Army Corps, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS TWENTY-SIXTH MICHIGAN VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with circular of this date 1 have the honor to make the following report of the part borne by this regiment in the operations of yesterday: Marched from camp about 9 a. m..and formed line of battle in front of the Smith house; the One hundred and eighty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers on our right and the One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania Volunteers on our left. This iine was then moved forward about 520 yards and halted. Remained here about an hour and then advanced about 200 yards and again halted. From this position was moved by the left flank for a short distance and established in line of battle along the picket-line from which the enemy had been driven earlier in the day. A few minutes later the enemys bugle sounded the advance. The skir- mishers in our front were soon driven in, closely followed by the enemys. When within short range the line of battle opened on them and they soon retired. The regiment then advanced in connection with the One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania Volunteers and captured eight pris- oners. Returned and occupied our position in line of battle along the enemys picket-line. The enemy soon made another attack, which was also repulsed. About midnight the troops were withdrawn and the regiment returned to old camp. Casualties.* N. CHURCH, Major, Commanding Regiment. Capt. WILLIAM MOCALLISTER, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [46.] Repprt of Lient. Cot. Welcome A. Crafts, Fifth New Hampshire Infantry, of operations March 25. HDQRS. FIFTH NEW HAMPSHIRE BATTALION VOLS., illarch 26, 1865. I have the honor to submit the following report of operations in which my regiment participated March 25, 1865: Moving from the works at 10 a. m. by order of Colonel Scott, com- manding brigade, most of the distance on the double-quick, formed line of battle and took position near the Watkins house, being in front of the picket-line occupied by the Third Division, and about 1,000 yards from the enemys works, with orders to support the picket.line deployed in the captured pits of the enemy just in front. Being detached from the brigade, I acted under the orders of Brevet Brigadier-General Madill, corps officer of the day. At 2 p. m. I ordered Captain Griggs, commanding Ninth Company Sharpshooters, to deploy his company, and advance through the woods in front of the position occupied by the left of the First Brigade, and annoy the enemys gunners if possible, or operate against their skirmish line, according to circumstances. Six of this company, armed with target rifles, did good service from an advanced position in front of the regiment upon the rebel gunners. About 5p.m. changed position, forming on the left of the brigade, threw up a tem- porary breast-work, and at 12 oclock was ordered into camp.. Although not actively engaged, the regiment was frequently under fire of rebel Nominal list (omitted) shows 1 officer and 2 men wounded Page 298 298 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII batteries and sharpshooters, changed position and performed severa1 evolutions under lire with commendable coolness and precision. The total loss in the command during the (lay was 1 killed, 10 wounded (one mortally), 2t missing. The latter were nearly all from the heavy (letail sent to the skirmish line, which I am informed behaved with coolness. In view of the fact that the regiment as a new organization, and indeed nearly every man was for the first time under lire, the result may be considered satishictory. W. A. CRAFTS, Lieutenant- Colonel C Capt. WILLIAM MCCALLISTER, ommandin~. Acting Assistant Adjutant~ Gmeneral. [46.] Report of Capt. Jervis D. Cook, Sixty-first New York Infantry, of operations March 25. CAMP oi SIXTY-FIRST KEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, ill arch 26, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to transmit to you the following report of the part which a portion of this regiment took in the oper. ations of yesterday, the 25th instant: At about 7.30 a. m. I received orders from Captain Kerr, aide-de-camp to George W. Scott, colonel commanding First Brigade, to select 200 men and five commissioned officers as a charging party on the enemy in our front. I detailed the men, and Captain Liebenan, Lieutenants Grady, Hudson, Miller, and Sares volunteered. They were conducted to the front by Captain Ives, staff officer of the First Division. At about 9 oclock I received orders from Lieutenant-Colonel Brown to march the remainder of the regiment to the old picket-line to report to Colonel Scott. I got my men in position by right by file into line in the rear of the old l)icket-hne, the Eighty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers connecting on jny left and the One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania Volunteers connecting on my rmght. Major Schaffer, having been relieved as officer of the day (at 11 a. in.), assumed comnmand of the regiment. The follow- ing casualties occurred amnong the 200 men: Two non-commissioned offi- cers and 3 privates killed; 5 non-commissioned officers and 22 privates wounded; 15 privates missing. In all probability a number of enlisted men reported as missing will return to camp during the next twenty- four hours. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JERVIS D. COOK, Captain, Sixty-first Regiment New York Volunteers. Lient. JOHN F. TOWNSEND, [46.] Acting Adjutant. Report of ]ifaj. George W. Schaffer, Sixty-first New York Infantry, of operations March 25. HDQRS. SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT NEW YORK VoLs March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to transmit herewith a report of the oper- ations of th~is regiment during the late engagement, March 25, 1865: I relieved Capt. J. D. Cook at 11 a. in.; at 11.30 a. m. I was ordered by Capt. William McCallister, acting assistant adjutant-general, to mov Page 299 Ciw~. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 299 the regiment forward in line of battle and take position in rear of picket- line formerly occupied by the enemy. About 4p. m. the enemy advanced upon us and were driven back without loss to the regiment. It is sup- posed to have been only a heavy skirmish line. We advanced about twenty-five yards, when I received orders from Captain McCallister to fall to the rear and on our original line; I did so. Upon taking position I or(lered a line of breast works to be thrown up. About 7 p. m. a line of vedettes was posted in front of regiment, under command of Lieu- tenant Cole. At 8 p. m. were relieved by the Eighty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, wheu I was ordered to deploy the regimental front, so as to connect with the One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania Volunteers on our right; I did so. About midnight I was ordered by Captain McCallister to face the regiment to the left and file after him; I did so, whereupon we were conducted to camp, arriving there about 1 a. m. on tlie morning of the 26th. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. W. SCIJAFFER, Major, Commanding Regiment. Capt. WILLIAM MCCALLISTER, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 1st Brig., 1st Div., 2d Army Corps. [46.] Report of Lieut. Col. William Wilson, Bightyftrst Pennsylvania Infan- try, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. EIGHTY-FIRST PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: In answer to circular of this date I have the honor to sub- mit the following report of the part taken by my regiment in the engage- ment of yesterday, March 25, 1865: Albout 7.30 a. m. I received orders to pack up and strike tents. At 10 a. m. I received an order by Lieutenant-Colonel Brown, acting assistant adjutant-general of First Division, Second Army Corps, to advance in front of the works and report to Colonel Scott, command- ing First Brigade. I immediately did so and received orders from Col- onel Scott, to take position, right resting on a by-road (name unknown) just in front of our original picket-line, and connecting my right with the Sixty-first New York Volunteers. Remaining in this position about twenty minutes, orders came to advance, keeping my connection with the Sixty-first New York, and reach the line of rifle-pits which had been previously occupied by the enemy. Movement being exe- cuted and position gained, laid in line of battle till about 4.30 p. in., at which time the enemy advanced on our position, and drove in the skir- mish line, which I assembled on my left. I engaged the enemy for about fifteen minutes, drove them back and re.established the skirmish line in my front in its original position. Casualties during the day.* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM WILSON, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. Eighty-first Pennsylvania Vols. Capt. WILLIAM MCCALLISTER, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 1st Brig., 1st Div., 2d Army Corps. [46.] * Nominal list (omitted) shows 1 officer and 12 men wonnded Page 300 300 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. txm. Report of Lieut. Cot. Thomas B. Rodgers, One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS 140TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with orders this day received I have the honor to make the following report of operations of the One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania Volunteers during the engagement of yesterday: After arriving on the ground beyond our picket-hue, in obedience to orders of the brigade commander, I formed my command on the line of rifle-pits that had been abandoned by the enemys pickets, taking posi- tion between the Sixty-first New York on the left and the Twenty-sixth Michigan on the right. While here we several times re-established the skirmish line of another brigade in our immediate front by driving them back to the line they had left without good reason. Two several attacks of the enemy were successfully repulsed; one between 3 and 4 p. m. and the other between 5 and 7 p. m. After dark I sent out vedettes of my own regiment, who remained on post until relieved by the Eighty-first Pennsylvania, nuder order from the brigade commander. I then de- ployed my regiment so as to connect on the right with the Twenty-sixth Michigan, which had moved farther to the right, and remained in this position until we were ordered to fall in and march back to camp. The officers and men of the regiment behaved well, as they always have done. I regret to have to mention that Capt. J. F. Wilson was severely wounded early in the action. He is a gallant, faithful, and efficient officer, and his loss will be felt by the regiment. One enlisted man was killed and 3 were wounded. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. B. RODGERS, Lieutenant-Colonel, Comdg. 140th Pennsylvania Volunteers. [Capt. WILLIAM MOCALLISTER, [46.] Acting Assistant Adjutant- General.] Report of Col. George T. Lgbert, One hundred and eighty-third Penn. sylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS 183D PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that my regiment, nuder com- mand of Lient. Col. A. T. Lynch, moved from the line of works it had occupied on the morning of the 25th instant and took position in line of battle, supporting our advanced skirmish line. The regiment followed the line as it advanced during the day. About 5 p.m. the enemy advanced in some force on our skirmish line, driving it back upon the support. The regiment immediately opened a fire upon the advancing party, who quickly retired. In about an hour the enemy advanced again and were repulsed after a musketry engagement lasting about half an hour. About 11 p. m. the regiment moved back with the brigade to camp. The following list of casualties occurred during the day.* Very respectfully, GEO. T. EGEERT, Capt. WILLIAM MOCALLISTER, Colonel, Commanding Regiment. A cting Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade. [46.1 Nominal list (omitted) shows 1 man killed and 14 men wounded Page 301 OnAr. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 301 Report of Maj. Oscar F. Hulser, Second New York Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS SECOND NEW YORK ARTILLERY, ]iiarch 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: I h~ive the honor respectfully to report as follows the result of the operations of this regiment of yesterday: At 9.30 a. in. I was ordered by Lieutenant-Colonel Brown, acting assistant adjutant-general, to move out to the then picket-line in front of this brigade and report to Col. G. W. Scott, brigade commander, uhich I did. After receiving instructions from him I moved at once and remained in position until ordered by him (Colonel Scott) to advance my right to the support of the then picket-line. According to orders I then moved to the position indicated, and subsequently took position on the right of First Brigade, where we encountered the enemy in force. After participating in the repulse of the enemy in two separate charges made by them upon our lines, we were relieved at 10 p. in., and returned back to camp. The casualties in the com- mand were 1 commissioned officer and 6 enlisted men wonndeQ, v ith 4 enlisted men missing. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, 0. F. IIIJLSEIR, Major, Commanding Second New York Artillery. Capt. WILLIAM MUCALLISTER, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 1st Brig., 1st Div., 2d Army Corps. [46.] Report of Col. Robert Nugent, Sixty-ninth New York Infantry, command ing brigade, of operations March 25. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., FIRST DIv., 2D ARMY CORPS, March 26, 1865. COLONEL: In compliance with instructions from headquarters First Division, I have the honor to forward the following report of the oper- ations of this command on the 25th instant: About 6.30 a. m. I received orders to strike tents and hold my com- mand in readiness to march at a moments notice. At 9 a. m. we moved into the breast-works vacated by the First Brigade and remained in them until about 2.15 p. in., when I received orders from the major- general commanding the division to advance about half a mile in front of the works and form line of battle in front of the Skinner house. The line was then advanced into the woods about fifty paces in front of the captured rebel picket-line, my left connecting with the right of the First Brigade, but was subsequently retired about twenty paces in rear of the woods. We remained in this position until about 4.10 p. in., when a bugler on the rebel side sounded the charge, the enemy advancing on us at the same time with a yell and at the double-quick. We opened a terrific musketry fire on them; they made several per- sistent attempts to break through my line, but were repulsed in every instance. My command held their ground with unflinching bravery, not yielding an inch. Failing to drive us in front, the enemy moved to our right, doubtless with the intention of turning my right flank, which was protected only by a line of skirmishers, who kept back the rebel skirmish line but were forced to retire before their line of battle. Per- ceiving their object, I immediately swung the right wing of the ~iXty Page 302 302 MD,, E. N. C. PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. ninth Xew.York Volunteers around, and gave instructions at the same time to the other regiments of the brigade to obliquc their fire to the right, and succeeded in driving them back, but not before they had inflicted a severe loss on us by an enfilading fire which they kept up while they held this ground. I was relieved at 6.30 p. m. by a portion of the Fifth Corps. Retiring about fifty paces I reformed line and awaited orders. I remained in this position for about twenty minutes when I was ordered still farther to the rear and instructed to stack arms, allow the men to rest, and replenish the supply of ammunition. About 11 p. m. received orders to place a regiment in the interval between the left of the First Division and the right of the Third Division, which was executed. About 12 oclock the regiment was withdrawn, lcaving sufficient pickets to cover their front, and the brigade was ordered to march back to the old camp. I have great pleasure in reporting that the officers and men behaved in a most gal- lant manner. Where all performed their duty so thithfully it is almost impossible to particularize, yet I cannot help mentioning the com- manding officers of the different regiments, viz: Lieutenant Colonel Smith, Sixty-ninth New York; Lieutenant-Colonel Fleming, Twenty- eighth Massachusetts,who, I regret to say, was severelywounded; Captain Smith, Eighty-eighth, and Captain Terwilliger, Sixty-third New York Volunteers; also Capt. Murtha Murphy, Sixty-ninth New - York Volunteers, who was in command of the skirmishers. This officer checked the advance of the rebels on my right with the most com- mendable tenacity, disputing every inch of the ground, until he finally formed his men on the right of the brigade. I am deeply indebted to the members of my staff, viz, Captains Oldershaw and Foley and Lieutenant Granger, for the able assistance they so willingly rendered me. I will particularize Captain Oldershaw for the cool bravery exhibited by him throughout the engagement. I will also mention Lieutenant-Colonel Gleason, Sixty-third New York Volunteers, who, although under arrest, rendered me great assistance in carrying orders at different times. Accompanying I send a nominal list of the casualties.* I am, colonel, your obedient servant, ROBERT NUGENT, Lieut. Col. R. A. BROWN, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, First Division. [46.] Report of JiJiaj. Theodore Tyrer, Sixty-fourth New York Infantry, ol operations ]iiliarch 25. llnQns. SIXTY-FOURTH Nnw YORK VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to make the following report of the operations of my command on the 25th of March, 1865: We moved with the brigade at 2 p. m. to the front, taking position on the left of the brigade, and forming line of battle on the old picket-line. At 3p. m. I received orders through Captain Brady to support the First Brigade, Colonel Scott commanding, and formed in line of battle in rear of his center. After remaining some time there, General Miles ordered Embraced in tab1~s, Vol. XLVI, Part I Page 303 CRAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 303 me to repoit to Colonel Nugent, commanding Second Brigade. From him I received orders to form on his right, which I did. After some moments the Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers and Twenty-eighth Massachusetts Volunteers got out of ammunition, and Colonel Nugent directed me to send the left wing of my regiment to the left of the Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers and hold the ground until ammuni- tion could be brought, which position I held until dark, when the Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers and Twenty-eighth Massachusetts Volunteers were relieved, when I formed the left of my regiment on the right of the position held by the Second Brigade during the day and remained there until 12 p. in., when relieved arid returned to camp. My regiment behaved splendidly. My loss was as follows: Three killed, 30 wounded,~ and 3 missing. I have no means of knowing the loss of the enemy, as they were much concealed by the brush, but I think it could not be otherwise than heavy. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, THEODOIIE TYRER, Major, Commanding Regiment. Lient. S. P. CORLISS, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Fourth Brigade. [46.] Report of Capt. Nathaniel P. Lar~e, Sixty-sixth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. SIXTY-SIXTH NEW YORK VETERAN VoLs., March 27, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to forward a report of operations of this com- mand on the 25th of March, 1865. At 2 p. m. this command left Fort Sampson and maiched by the right flank through the slashings in front of Fort Sampson about 700 yards, where tire regiment halted, made front, and remained in line of battle about one hour. At 3 p. m. heavy musketry firing commenced on our left, and tire regiment moved by the left dank in doublequick step to the scene of action. Arriving there, it was ordered by Major-General Miles to move by the right flank through a small wood into an open field, where, throwing out skirmish- ers, it remained in line of battle until 11 p. in., when ordered back to its original camp. It arrived there at 11.30 p. m. The regiment lost none in killed or wounded. Very respectfully, NATHANIEL P. LANE, Captain, Comdg. Sixty-sixth New York Veteran Volunteers. [46.] Ueport of Col. William M. ]Jiiintzer, F~fty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding brigade, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. FOURTH BRIc~., FIRST DIV., 2n ARMY CORPS, March 27, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to report the following as the operations of the Fourth Brigade on the 25th instant: The brigade moved in accordance with orders at 2 p. in. and took position on the old picket-line. The Fourth New York Artillery wer Page 304 304 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. ordered to report to Colonel Kugent, commanding Second Brigade, which it did. The Sixty-fourth New York Volunteers were sent to the First Brigade by order of General Miles. Firing being heard in our front, General Miles ordered the brigade to move forward and con- nect with the right of the Second Brigade, which it did. The right of the brigade connected with the left of the Third Brigade. The com- mand lay in this position, holding the enemy and repelling their attack, until ordered into camp at 1 a. m. on the 26th instant. The officers and men behaved nobly, and are deserving of worthy notice for their gal- lant conduct and unflinching bravery. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. M. MINTZER, Lient. Col. R. A. BROWN, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Second Army Corps. [46.] Report of Maj. David W. Megraw, One hundred and sixteenth Pennsyl vania Infantry, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. 116TH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, March 2G, 1865. LIEUTENANT: In compliance with orders received, I have the honor to submit the following report: This command left camp yesterday afternoon about 3 oclock, marched out to line formerly occupied by picketline; formed line of battle; remained in this position for about half an hour. Orders were then received to fall in and march to the left; which was done. We had advanced but a short distance, when orders were given to move by the flank; advanced through the woods in line of battle; little or no firing on our side; sent out details on. skirmish line; withdrew them about midnight on the 25th instant. No casualties in our immediate command. Respectfully submitted: DAVID W. MEGRAW, Lieut. ~. ~. CORLISS, Major, Commanding Regiment. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [46.] Report of Capt. James H. Hamlin, One hundred and forty-fifth Pennsyl vania Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS 145TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. LIEUTENANT: Pursuant to orders from headquarters First Division, Second Army Corps, of this date, requiring report of operations on the 25th instant, I have the honor to forward the following in regard to this command: On the morning of the 25th instant orders were received to have the command in readiness to move at a moments notice; meantime, that the men should remain at the works in line. During this time ther Page 305 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 305 was desultory firing on the picket-line. About 3 p. m. the regiment moved out with the brigade toward the scene of the firing-, form- ing the right flank thereof. Arrived at the old reserve line of the picket, a position was taken in line with the brigade. In a short time, by order of the colonel commanding brigade, we moved to the left on the double-quick until we reached a position in the immediate rear of the Second Brigade, whence, still on the double-quick, we moved by the right flank until we connected with the One hundred and forty- eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, which retained the original position. The movement to the left was considered as necessary in order to avoid a swamp in the advance to the last position. This was retained until the return to camp, which occurred about 12 p. m. of the 25th instant. While in this last position 1 man was killed and II wounded in the regiment. I would also state, as an instance of individual bravery worthy of notice, that Corporal Culbertson, of Company B, with Privates Hand and Tarno, of Company K, at this juncture, under a severe fire of musketry, advanced alone to the enemys lines, occupying three of his posts, Corporal Culbertson capturing and bringing in one prisoner. Privates Hand and Tarno remained some time in the occupied posts, firing at the enemy. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. H. HAMLIN, Lieut. ~. ~. CoRLISS, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Acting Assistant Adjutant. General. [46.] Report of ]Ifaj. Derrick P. ifamlink, Fourth New York Heavy Artil- lery, of operations ]Jiliarch 25. HDQRS. FOURTH NEW YORK HEAVY ARTILLERY, ]Iiliarch 27, 1865. LIEUTET~ANT: In compliance with circular from brigade headquar- ters dated March 26, 1865, I have the honor to submit the following report: At 8 a. m. March 25, 1865, orders were received to be ready to move at a moments notice and have everything packed but tents. At 10.30 a. in., same date, orders were received to strike tents and be ready to move. At 11 a. m. were ordered to report to Colonel Nugent, com- manding Second Brigade, First Division, Second Army Corps. Having reported as per orders received, the regiment was ordered to form to the rear and right of the brigade. Soon after orders were received to join the left of this regiment with the right of the Second Brigade, extending the line of battle. This was done, and the right of the regi- ment was turned so as to repel any attack of the enemy to turn our flank and join the right with the left of the Fourth Brigade. When iii the act of executing this order the skirmishers fell back for want of ammunition, and their places were supplied by men from this regiment. After having been in position for some time orders were received from General Miles to send out three additional skirmishers from each com- pany. This was accordingly done, and for some time this regiment remained in this position. Later, orders were received to open an oblique fire to the left, producing with that of the Fifth Army Corps a cross-fire on the enemy. About 8 p. m. orders were received from Gen- eral Miles to post a strong picket in front of this regiment and the 20 R RYOL LI, PT Page 306 306 MD., E. N. C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. Fifth Army Corps, joining that of the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Second Army Corps on the left, and the First Brigade on the right. This was carried out as follows: The posts were at intervals of from six to eight paces, with from five to seven men on a post; also two reserve forces of 100 men each opposite the center of the right and left wings of the line. About half of the regiment was thus posted; the remain- ing portion were at about 12 p. m. ordered to follow the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Second Army Corps, to camp, which was reached at about 1 a. m. of March 26, 1865. That portion of the regiment which remained on picket were relieved at about 11 a. m. March 26, 1865. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. F. HAMLLNK, Lieut. STEPHEN ~. CORLI~~, Major, Commanding. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Fourth Brigade. [46.] Report of Gol. William A. Olmsted, Fifty-ninth New York infantry, commanding brigade, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND Div., 2n ARMY Coups, March 27, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to report the part taken by this brigade on the 25th of March, 1865: The brigade struck tents at 7 a. in., and stacked arms in the breast- works. Remained in this position until 3 p. in., when we deployed and occupied the works of the Third Division, on our right, relieving part of the Third Brigade, Second Corps. At 6 p. m. the brigade was marched to the front and reported to General llumphreys, and on reporting was ordered to return and occupy the line of works we had vacated. Remained in the works until 4 a. in. March 26, 1865, when we~moved to camp. There was no loss in the brigade in killed, wounded, or prisoners. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, WILLIAM A. OLMSTED, (~olonel Fifty-ninth New York Veteran Vols., Comdg. Brigade. Maj. J. M. NORVELL, Asst. Adjt. Gen., $econd Division, Second Army Corps. [46.] Report of 6~ol. James P. Melvor, One hundred and seventieth New York Infantry, commanding brigade, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND DIv., 2D ARMY CORPS, March 28, 1865. MAJOR: In compliance with Special Orders, No. 77, headquarters Second Army Corps, March 27, 1865, I have the honor to report the following operations of this brigade on the 25th instant: In obedience to orders from headquarters Second Division, Second Army Corps, tents were struck, and the baggage packed and the com- mand held in readiness to move on the morning of the 25th instant. The regiments of the brigade were posted at the breast-works in front of their respective camps. At about 10 a. in. the brigade picket-line was advanced a distance of one quarter of a mile, having a slight ski Page 307 CHAP. LXIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 307 mish with the enemy, during which Lieut. (Jol. William De Lacy, One hundred and sixty-fourth New York Volunteers, division officer of the day, was severely wouiided. The pickets of the Fifth Army Corps, connecting with our brigade on the left, having failed to advance, the enemys skirmishers closed in upon the left of our line, capturing 2 and killing 1 of the Eighth New York Heavy Artillery, at the same time causing our whole line to fall back. At this juncture the One hundred and fifty-fifth New York Volunteers was sent forward to occupy the rifle-pits on the north bank of the run, in which position they remained until night. Our force on the skirmish line was doubled and again advanced about the distance above stated, where it remained until night, when it fell back to the line now occupied. During the night of the 25th the command was extended along the interior works so as to cover the ground previously occupied by the First Brigade. At about 2 a. m. on the 26th instant the troops were ordered to return to camp. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. P. McIYOR, Maj. JOHN M. NORVELL, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Assistant Adjutant- General. [46.] Report of Brig. Gen. Thomas A. iSmyth, U. S. Army, commanding bri gade, of operations March 25. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., SECOND Div., 2D ARMY CORPS, March 27, 18G~5. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following as my report of the part taken by this brigade in the operations of the 25th instant: In compliance with orders from the general commanding the divis- ion, I accompanied the detachment of 500 men belonging to this bri- gade ordered to attack the enemys works on the right of Hatchers IRun. The line was formed in the wood between the barn in front of the H. Armstrong house and Hatchers Run. About 4 oclock in the afternoon I received orders from Major-General Humphreys to assault the enemys works. The troops, under the command of the gallant Colonel Moore, Fourteenth Connecticut Volunteers, advanced and car- ried the works over Hatchers Run and Picture Run, capturing seventy prisoners. The skirmish line, under the command of Captain McAnally, Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, advanced to within sight of the Boydton plank road. About 6 oclock the remainder of my brigade, with the Eleventh Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, reported to me and were placed in position on my right and left. I remained iii this position until about 10 p. in., when I fell back to the advaiced picket- line, and at 11 oclock, in compliance with orders from Major-General Humphreys, my command returned to camp. The officers and men of the Fourteenth Connecticut Volunteers, Twelfth New Jersey Volunteers, and Sixty ninth Pennsylvania Volun- teers (the regiments engaged) behaved in the most gallant manner. I am, major, very respectfully, THOS. A. SMYTH, Brigadier- General of Volunteers, Commanding Brigade. Maj. J. M. NORVELL, Assistant Adjutant- General. [46. Page 308 308 MD., E. Th C., PA., VA., EXCEPT S. W., & W. VA. [CHAP. LXIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING TO OPERATIONS IN MARYLAND, EASTERN NORTH CARO- LINA, PENNSYLVANIA, VIRGINIA (EXCEPT SOUTHWEST- ERN), AND WEST VIRGINIA, FROM JANUARY 1, 1861, TO JUNE 30, 1865. TJiNIOiN COIRRESIPOINDIEINCE, ]~TC.* WASHJNGTON, D. C., January 2, 1861. Capt. WILLIAM MAYNAIMER, Ordnance Bureau: Sin: I have reason to apprehend that some assault will be made upon the U. S. Armory at Harpers Ferry. My reasons I do not feel at lib- erty to disclose. They may or may not be well founded. I deem it -my duty to inform you that there is no regularly organized defense for the post. The armorers have been formed into volunteer companies, and arms and ammunition furnished them. But they work in the armory during the day, and of course are not on duty at night. They would doubtless come to the protection of the armory when notified of the necessity. But the armory might be taken and destroyed the arms might be abstracted and removed or destroyed; vast amount of damage might be done to the Government property before the companies could be notified or rallied. The watch force on duty at night numbers teu men, who are put there more to keep fires burning where necessary in certain shops and as general guards against fire, & c. Of course they are but little real protection against assault of a numerous force. They might all be taken without difficulty, though they are armed. I deem it my duty, therefore, as a public officer and as a citizen of Virginia, to express the belief that a company or more of regular U. S. sol- diers should be placed there very soon. Willing and determined to discharge every duty devolved upon me in my relation to the Govern- ment as the superintendent of the armory, I cannot be held responsible forThonsequences at present, unless the Government itself sees to the protection of its property by placing reliable, regularly drilled forces to sustain me. I do not look to personal consequences at all. I look to the duty of protecting the property of the Federal Government now under my charge. I have taken every preca