TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 47 (Part I) AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1895 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B ~~r4. 2~6~jif~ v 47 Pt: I !i~ I Title Page Page R001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL IRECOIIRDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PUBLISHED UNDER THE I)IRECTION OF The Hon. DANIEL S. LAMONT, Secretary of War, MAJ~ GEORGE B. DAViS, U. S. A., MR. LESLIE J. PERRY, MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY, Board of Publication. SERIES IVOLUME XLVIIflI THREE PARTS. PART IREPORTS. WA Sil IN 0-TON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPFIGE~ 1895 Page R002 A. 3~( Page R003 PREFACE. The work of preparing the records of the war for public use was begun under the resolution of Congress of May 19, 1864, by Adjt. Gen. E. ID. Townsend, U. S. Army, who caused copies to be made of reports of battles on file in his office and steps to be taken to collect missing records. Under the provisions of joint resolntion No. 91, of 1866, Hon. Peter II. Watson was appointed to supervise the preparation and formulate a plan for the publication of the records, but he did no work and drew no pay under this appointment, which expired July 27, 1868, by limi- tation of the resolution. This resolution also repealed the former one and work ceased. The first decisive step taken in this work was the act of June 23, 1874, providing the necessary means to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confederate Armies, and directing him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, tele- grams, and general orders, not heretofore copied or printed, and prop- erly arranged in chronological order. Appropriations have been made from time to time for continuing such preparatio~i. Under this act the preliminary work was resumed by General Townsend, who first out- lined the plan on which the records are printed, though it appears that originally he contemph~ted publishing to the world only the more im- portant military reports. Subsequently, under meager appropriations, it was prosecuted in a somewhat desultory manner by various subordinates of the War IDe- partment until December 14, 1877, when the Secretary of War, per- ceiving that the undertaking needed the undivided attention of a single head, detailed Lient. Col. Robert N. Scott, U. S. Army, to take charge of the bureau and devote himself exclusively to the work. The act of June 23, 1874, greatly enlarged upon the first crude scheme of publication. On this more comprehensive basis it was de- termined that the volumes should include not only the battle reports, but also all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. Colonel Scott system- Page R004 Iv PREFACE. atized the work and the plan and presented the records in the following order of arrangement, which has been adhered to by his successors: the first series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Confederate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all mil- Itary operations in the field, with the correspondence, orders, and returns relating speclitily thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas. In this series the reports will be arranged according to the campaigns and sev- eral theaters of operations (in the chronological order of the events), and the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be immediately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, etc., not embraced in the reports proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order. The second series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military authorities were concerned) to State or political prisoners. The third series will contain the .correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate offi- cials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General- in-Chief, and of the chiefs of the several staff corps and departments; the calls for troops, and the correspondence between .the National and the several State author- ities. The fourth series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and Confed- erate authorities given in that series. The first volume of the records was issued in the early fall of 1880. The act approved June 16, 1880, provided for the printing and bind- ing, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a com- pilation of the Official Records (Union and Confederate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year ~ and that of said number 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the llouse~ of Representatives, 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive De- partments. Under this act Colonel Scott proceeded to publish the first five volumes of the records.* *All subsequent volumes have been distributed under the act approved August 7, 1882, which provides that: The volumes of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion shall be distrib- uted as follows: One thousand copies to the Executive Departments, as now pro- vided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the army and contributors to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organiza- tions, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty-seventh Congress. Each Senator shall desiguate not exceed- ing twenty-six, and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding twenty-one, of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time us they are published, until the publication is completed. Senators, Representatives, and Dele- gates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of publication with ten per cent. added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall b Page R005 PREFACE. V Col. Robert N. Scott died March 5, 1887, before the completion of the work, which, during a ten years service, he had come to love so dearly. At his death some twenty-six books only had been issued, but he had compiled a large amount of matter for forthcoming volumes; conse- quently his name as compiler was retained in all the books up to and including Vol. XXXVI, although his successors had added largely to his compilations from new material found after his demise. The Secretary of War, May 7,1887, assigned Lieut. Col. H. M. Lazelle, U. S. Army, to duty as the successor of Colonel Scott. He had con- tinued in charge about two years, when, in the act approved March 2, 1889, it was provided That hereafter the preparation and publication of said records shall be conducted, under the Secretary of War, by a board of three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of the Army, and two civilian experts, to be appointed by the Secretary of War, the compensation of said civilian experts to be fixed by the Secretary of War. The Secretary of War appointed Maj. George B. Davis, judge-advo- cate, U. S. Army, as the military member, and Leslie J. Perry, of Kan- sas, and Joseph W. Kirkley, of Maryland, as the civilian expert mem- bers of said board. The board assumed direction of the publication at the commencement of the fiscal year 1889, its first work beginning with Serial No. 36 of Vol. XXIV. Each volume includes a copious and accurate index, and for the fur- ther convenience of investigators there will be, in addition, a general index to the entire set when complete in a volume by itself. Nothing is ~rinted in these volumes except duly authenticated con- temporaneous records of the war. The scope of the boards work is to decide upon and arrange the matter to be published; to correct and verify the orthography of the papers used; and occasionally to add a foot-note of explanation. GEO. B. DAVIS, Major and J. A., U. S. A., LESLIE J. PERRY, Civilian Expert, JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY, (Jivilian Expert, Board of Publication. Approved: REDFIELD PROCTOR, WAR DEPARTMENT, Secretary of War. Washington, D. C., August 1, 1891. covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address, the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives, or Delegates who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individual~. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore published have not been furnished to such libraries, organizations, and individuals. He shall also inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent Page R006 Table of Contents Page R007 CONTENTS. CHAPTER LIX. Page. Operations in North Carolina (from February 1), South Carolina, Southern Georgia, and East Florida. January 1June 30, 1865 1-1135 VI Page R008 Additions and Corrections Page A001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL BFCO7IRD8 OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARNIIES. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO SERIES IVOLUME XLVII. (IN) be inserte(l fri the volume. ]Por expleriation see General Index volume, 8erial No. 130, page XXV4II.) PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AINSWORTII, CHIEF OF THE RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, AND MR. JOSEPH WT. KIRKLEY. Mr. JOHN S. MOODEY, Indexer. WA S IIINGT ON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902 Page A002 2 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. TEXT. PART ~. Page 5. Fourth line, top, for March 20April 27 read March 21April25. Page 858. Thirty-first line, top, insert * after Seventh and add foot-note *An error, the Seventh Alabama Cavalry, Colonel Hodgson, was with Forrest in Mississzt5pi. Page 1143. For McAlexande;-s (Edward) read MeAlexanders (Edward W.). PART 2. Page 352. Seventh line, top, insert * after Seventh and add foot-note, *An error the Seventh Alabama Cavalry, Colonel Hodgson, was with Forrest in Mississz/pi. Page 992. In batteries of light artillery, etc., for Louisiana Guard Artillery read Girardeys Balley ~, and add foot-note * See Additions add Correc- tions notedfw Series I, Volume ~y, p. 938. Page ioo6. Special Orders, No. 9, for Paragraph VIII read VII. Page 1070. Eleventh line, top, for Louisiana Guard Artillery read Girardeys Batte;y. Page 1124. Stevenson to Hardee, 6.45 p. in., second line, for Wheelers read TVheaton s. Page 1350. For L. B. French, address, first communication, read S. B. French. Page 1461. Field return, Conners brigade, station, for Rock (reek read Black (reek. Page 1466. After Girardeys (Camille F.) Arlille;y, for See Louisiana Guard, Artille;y, post, read Improvised. See Camille F. Girardey. Page 1468. Strike out Louisiana Guard Artillery. See Louisiana Thoops, Con- federate. PART 3. Page 277. Stanton to Halleck, April 22, 18652.3o p. In. See Additions and Corrections, Series I, Vol. 46, Part 3. INDEX. Insert all words and figures in italics aLd strike out all in [brackets]. An asterisk (*) following a correction indicates that Additions and Correctious to the text should be consulted. Refertnces are to parts of volume. Part. Ainsworth, A ndreze [Captain] Alabama Troops (c.). cavalry~Regimeiits: [7th, 858]* [7th, 352]* Anderson, Edward c.,jr Ball, James H Barclay, A n/hans [ ] Bissell, Julius B. [W.] Boyle, Robert [Thomas] Broxtons Bridge, S. C. Skirmishes, Feb. 2, z86~. See Rivers and Broxton s Bridges, etc Buchanan, A. H. [Captain] Bullock, R. B. [ ] (anonicus, U. S. S., ~oo, Canonicus, Steamer, [400] Charles Ho ugh/on, Steamer, 1022, 1023 ~olumbia, S. C., Mayor of See. T. JJ Goodzeyn 2 3 3 Cougaree Creek, S. C. Skirmish at, etc. Reports of Logan,John A Cox, Jacob D. Mentioned, 71 [Cox, Alfred H., 174] Craft, HiramJ Currie, fI Jf. [1~ieuteuaut] Davis,Joseph K. [J. E.] [Drain, Heury M. Correspondence with John M. Schofield, 594] Drane, Henry Al. Correspondence zvithJohn M. Schofield, 591.. Fast Tennessee. Expedition from, March 2I-A~ril 25, 186g. See Stonemans Bald, etc Eckert, Thomas T. Correspondence with Bullock, B. B. [ ] Frazier, W. !I~., Steamer General Hooker, Steamer, 1028 Part. 3 2 3 2 2 3 Page A003 3 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Part. General Howard, Steamer, 393, 807, 840 2 Georgia Troops. Artillery, lightBatteries: Chatham ( Wheaton), 1124* 2 InfantryBattalions: 3d(8th8) 3 Girardey, Camille E., 1070 * 2 Girardey, Isadore P. [V. J. B.] 3 Goldthwaite, Henry [H. C.] I Goodwyn, T. J., 198 [204] I Gonraud [Gourand], George E 2 Hale, E. B., U. S. S. [Steamer] 2 Hall, George R I Hamilton, James (A. D. C.) 2 Hamilton, James (Q. M.), [Major] 2 Hai.nings [Hanning], Garrett Hardee, William J.,jr. [ ] I Hoover, J. [Isaac] L I, 2, 3 Hot/el [Hottle], J. M 2 Houghton, Uharles, Steamer Jordan, F. [V.] II 2 Lanford, R. U [Lankford, Major] 3 Le ie[Lewis]. F. S 3 Lockwood, R.J., Steamer 2 Louise [Louisa], Steamer Louisiaua Troops (C.). Artillery, Light [Batteries: Louisiana Guard, 992, 1070.] 2 Mabry, William M MeAlexander, Edward W I MeDonough, Commodore, U. S. S. [Steamer] 2 McDowell, Thomas D 3 McIntyre [Mclntire], William McKinney, C. S. [Captain] 2 Mehringer, John, 623 [Mehringer, Thomas J., 623] 2 Merrill [Marrill], Jesse 2 Miles [Mills], Abe 3 Molyneux, Edmund [Molineux, ] 2 Nashville, C. 5. 5., 1127 2 Nisbet, Reuben B. [Nesbitt, Colonel] 2 Norris, Willia7u [Colonel] 3 Part. 2 2 Page, P. N. [M.] Pinkney [Piackney], R. F Pringle, J. S., Steamer Rattlesnake, Steamer. See C. S. S. Nash ville [1127] 2 Read, Charles W [Tacony] 2 Schofield, John M. Correspondence with Drone [Drain], Henry M 2 Shannon, A. M. [Captain] 1,2 Smith, R. D. [A.] I Smith, W. E 3 South Carolina Troops. CavalryRegiments: 3d [758] 3 InfantryRegiments: 3d,758 3 Southwestern Virginia. Expedition into, March siApril 25, i86~. See Stonemans Raid etc I Stimming [Stimmings], Theodore, 992 [~6]. Stonemans Raid, etc. March si [2o]April 25 [27], i86~ Strange, Robert, 717 [Strange, James W., 717] 3 Sublett, D. L. [S.] Texas Troops. CavalryRegiments: i5th,zo6z I i5th, 736 3 InfantryRegiments: [i5th] 3 Tan Benthuysen, Alfred C 3 Wellesley, Arthur (Duke of Wellington) [Wellington, Arthur W.] 3 W~stern North Carolina. Expedition into, March si-April 25, i865. See Stonemans Raid, etc I Willis, Francis T 2 Wilson James (sd Ga. S. L.), 1071 2 Wilson, James (igth Iowa). Mentioned, [1071] Page A004 Special Index Page R009 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME I. CHAPTER I Page. CHAPTER V Page. Operations in Charleston Harbor. South The secession of North Carolina. Janu. Carolina. December 20, 1860April 14, ary 9May 20, 1861 474488 1861 1-317 CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER II. The secession of Louisiana. January 10 The secession of Georgia. January 3-26, February 19, 1861 489501 1861 318-125 CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER III. Operations in Texas and New Mexico. Thesecessionof Alabamaand Mississippi. February 1June 11, 1861 502-636 January 4-20, 1861 126310 CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IV. Operations in Arkansas, the Indian Tern. OperationsinFlorida. January6-August tory, and Missouri. February7-May 9, 31, 1861 131473 1861 637-691 VOLUME II. CHAPTER IX. Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Aprill6-July 31, 1861. Pare. 1-1612 VOLUME III. CHAPTER X. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10November 19, 1861. 1-749 VOLUME IV. CHAPTER XI. Page. Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. June ll,1861February 1,1862. 1174 CHAPTER XII. Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1November 19, 1861 175565 CHAPTER XIII. Page. Operations in North Carolina and South. eastern Virginia. August 1, 1861Jano. ary It, 1862 566721 VOLUME V. CHAPTER XIV. Page. Operations inMaryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. August 1,1861March 17, 1862. 11106 VOLUME VI. CHAPTER XV. Operations on the coasts of South Caro- lina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. August 21,1861April 11,1862. Page. CHAPTER XVI. Page. Operations in West Florida, Southern Al. abama, Southern Mississippi, and Lou. 1415 isiana. September 1, 1831May 12, 1862. 416894 VOLUME VII. CHAPTER XVII. Operation8 in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. November 19, Page. 1861-March 4, 1862 1946 I Page R010 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES.. x ~TOLUME VIII. CHAPTER XVIII. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. Nov. 19, 1861April 10, 1862. 1834 VOLUME IX. CHAPTER XIX. Page. CHAPTER XXI. Page. Operations in Sontheastern Virginia. Jan- Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and nary 11March 17, 1862 171 Arizona. February 1-September 20, CHAPTER XX. 1862 481-736 Operations in North Carolina. January 11August 20, 1862 72480 VOLUME XIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXII. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Mississippi, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. March 4June 10, 1862. Page. Part IReports 1927 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1642 VOLUME XIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIIJ. The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. March 17September 2, 1862. Page. Pztrt IReports, March 17June 24 11077 Part lIReports, June 25-September 2 1994 Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1691 0 VOLUME XIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIV. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. March 17September 2, 1862. Page. Part IReports, March 17-June 25 1-818 Part IlReports, June 26September 2 1820 Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1966 VOLUME XIII. CHAPTER XXV. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the Northwest. April 10-November 20, 1862 1-981 VOLUME XIV. CHAPTER XXVI. Page. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. April 12, 1862June 11, 1863 11025 VOLUME XV. CHAPTER XXVII. Page. Operations in WestFlorida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi (embracing all operations against Vicksburg, May 18-July 27, 1862), and Louisiana, May 12, 1862May 14, 1863; and operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. September 20, 1862May 14, 1863 1113 Page R011 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. XI VOLUME XVJIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXVIII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia June 10October 31, 1862. Page. Part iReports 1-1168 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 11017 VOLUME XVIIIT~ TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXIX. Operations in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. Juno 10, 1862January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-807 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-916 VOLUME XVIII. CHAPTER XXX. Page. Operations in North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia. August 20, 1862-June 3, 1863 11104 VOLUME XIXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXI. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. September 3Novem. her 14, 1862. Page. Part IReports, September 320 11108 Part IlReports, September 20-November 14; Correspondence, etc., September 3Novem ber14 1-739 VOLUME XXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. No. vember 1, 1862January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1997 Part II(iorrespondence, etc 1-516 VOLUME XXI. CHAPTER XXXIII. Page. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. November 15, 1862January 25, 1863 11152 VOLUME XXIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIV. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the North. west. November 20, 1862December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-926 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-116 Page R012 XII CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XXIJIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXV. Operations in Rentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama and Southwest Virginia. Jan. nary 21August 10, 1863. Page. Part 1Reports 1858 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 19~6 VOLUME XXIVIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVI. Operations in Mississippi and West Teuuessee, including those in Arkansas and Louisiana connected with the Siege of Vicksburg. January 20-August 10, 1861. Page. Par IReports, January 20May 15, including the General Reports for whole period. January 20-August 10 1787 Part lIReports, May 16-August 10 1-699 Part 111Correspondence etc 11070 VOLUME XXVIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVII. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 26-June 3, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-1123 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-862 VOLUME XXVIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVIII. Operations In West Florida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico. May 14December 31, 1863. Page. Part 1Reports, Union Correspondence, etc 1-920 Part IlConfederate Correspondence, etc 1 581 VOLUME XXVJIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIX. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Department of the East. June 3August 3, 1861. Page. Part IReports 1-1059 Part IlReports 1-1005 Part Ill-Correspondence Ltc 1..1092 VOLUME XXVIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XL. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia, nud in Middle and East Florida. June 12 December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1755 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1609 VOLUME XXIXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLI. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-De. cember 31, 1863. Page. Part 1Reports 11018 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 193 Page R013 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. XIII VOLUME XXXIN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-1071 Part liReports 1821 Part IllUnion Correspondence, etc 1-1017 Part IVUnion and Confederate Correspondence etc 1-768 VOLUME XXXIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. October 20-December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports and Union Correspondence 1852 Part IlReports 1-782 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence etc 1-893 VOLUME XXXIJIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIV. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia. January 1April 30, 1864. Page. Part IReports 1-703 Part IlUnion andAJonfederate Correspondence, etc 1833 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1879 VOLUME XXXIII. CHAPTER XLV. Page. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Jan. nary 1April 30, 1864 11335 VOLUME XXXIVIN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLVI. Operations in Louisiana and the Trans.Mississippi States and Territories. January 1June 30, 1864. Page. Part iReports 1-1058 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-1107 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-835 Part tVUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-701 VOLUME XXXV1N TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLVII. Operations in South Carolina and Florida, and on the Georgia Coast. January 1-November 13, 1864. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence. etc 1-646 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-85 Page R014 XIV CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XXXVIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLVIII. Operations in Southeastern Virginia and North Carolina. May 1June 12, 1864. Page. Part IReports 11101 Part IlReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-1027 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-903 VOLUME XXXVIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLIX. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. May 1-August 3, 1864. Page Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1770 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1606 VOLUME XXXVIIIIN FIVE PARTS. CHAPTER L. The Atlanta, Ga., Campaign. Mny 1Septemher 8, 1864. Page. Part IReports 1936 Part lIReperts 1-930 Part EliReports 11008 Part IVUniou and Confederate Correspondence, etc ... 1807 Part VUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc .. iio~i VOLUME XXXIXIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER LI. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia (the Atlanta Campaign excepted). May 1Noveniher 13, 1864. Page. Part IReports 1-908 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1889 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1918 VOLUME XLIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER LII. Operations in Southeastern Virginia and North Carolina. June 13-July 31, 1864. Page~ Part IReports 1823 Part lI-Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1717 Part ill-Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1823 VOLUME XLIJN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER LIII. Operations in Louisiana and the Trans-Mississippi States and Territories. July 1December 31, 1864. Page. Part IReports 11006 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 11099 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 11015 Part IVUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1114 Page R015 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. XV VOLUME XLIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER LIV. Operations in Southeastern Virginia and North Carolina. August 1December 31, 1804. Page. Part IReports 11029 Part NIUnion an(1 Confederate Correspondence 11311 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence 1-1370 VOLUME XLIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER LV. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-December 31, 1864. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 11032 Part lIUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1951 VOLUME XLIV. CHAPTER LVI. Page. Operations in Soutk Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. November 14December 31, 1864 11013 VOLUME XLV. CHAPTER LVII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia. November 14, 1864January 23, 1865. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-1262 Part lIUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1806 VOLUME XLVI. CHAPTER LVIII. Operations in Northern and Southeastern Virginia, North Carolina (January 131), West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 1-June 30, 1865. Page. Part IReports 1-1326 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence 1-1318 tart IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence 1-139 Page R016 4 4 CD CD .~ ~ ~ ~~v1: ~ ~ Sunday. ~ ~ ~: ~ Monday. ~ ~ ~ ~~~-~-1: ~~-~s~.--1: ~ Tuesday. ts~1~~ ~ ~ Wednesday. ~ ~: ~ Thursday. ~ ~ ~ ~ -1Z~: ~ Friday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Saturday. 0 02 CD 0 0 CD C.4 0 -Id , Sunday. ~ O~~L\~V1. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ londay. I Tuesday. c~~v1 ~I~1~ ~ ~u~ui~ ~ Wednesday. ~ ~ ~ ~ Thursday. ~ Friday. Saturday. o ~ 0 13 . 13 19 Page 1 CHAPTER LIX. OPERATIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA (FROM FEBRU ARY 1), SOUTH CAROLINA, SOUTHERN GEORGIA, AND EAST FLORIDA. January 1June 30, 1866. PART I. SUM1VEARY OF TIlE PRINCIPAL :EVENTS.* Jan. 1Apr. 26, 1865.The Campaign of the Carolinas. 1720, 1865.The Second Division, Nineteenth Army Corps, commanded by Bvt. Maj. Gen. Cuvier Grover, arrives at Savannah, Ga. Feb. 2, 1865.Skirmish on Saint Johns River, Fla. 5,1865.Action at Braddocks Farm, near Welaka, Fla. 9, 1865.General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Con- federate Armies. Mar. 712, 1865.Expedition from Jacksonville into Marion County, Fla., and skirmish. 19,1865.Skirmishes at Welaka and Saunders, Fla. May 12, 1865.Maj. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard, U. S. Army, assigned to duty as Com- missioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Bvt. Maj. Gen. Adelbert Ames, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Tenth Army Corps. 1720, 1865.Confederate troops in Florida surrender to Brig. Gen. Israel Vogdes, U. S. Army. 19, 1865.Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, U. S. Army, assigned to the command of the Army of the Tennessee. Maj. Gen. William B. Hazen, U. S. Army, assigned to the com- mand of the Fifteenth Army Corps. 23, 1865.Maj. Gen. William B. Hazen, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Fifteenth Army Corps. 24, 1865.Shermans army reviewed in the City of Washington, D. C. 29, 1865.The Army of the Tennessee and the Army of Georgia (except troops belonging to the East) ordered to Louisville, Ky. June 17, 1865.The Army of Georgia (General Slocum) discontinued and all Western troops belonging thereto transferred to the Army of the Tennessee. * Of some of the minor conflicts noted in this Summary no circumstantial reports are on file. (1) 1 R RVOL XLVII, PT Page 2 2 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. (CHiP. LIX. June 20, 1865.Maj. Gen. Jacob D. Cox, U. S. Army, in temporary command of the Department of North Carolina. Bvt. Maj. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger, U. S. Army, in temporary com- mand of the Twenty-third Army Corps. 27, 1865.Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman assigned to the command of the Military Division of the Mississippi (reorganized); Maj. Gen. Alfred H. Terry, to the Department of Virginia; Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, to the Department of North Carolina; Maj. Gen. Quincy A. Gillmore, to the Department of South Carolina; Maj. Gen. John G. Foster, to the Department of Florida; and Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, to the Department of Mississippi. Bvt. Maj. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger, U. S. Army, in temporary com- mand of the Department of North Carolina. Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Carter, U. S. Army, in temporary command of the Twenfy-third Army Corps. JANUARY 1APRIL 26, 1865.The Campaign of the Carolinas. SUMMARY OF TIlE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. Jan. 3, 1865.Skirmish near Hardeeville, S. C. 317, 1865.Transfer of the larger portion of the Army of the Tennessee, under Major-General Howard, from Savannah, Ga., to Beaufort, S. C. 8, 1865.Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, U. S. Army, resumes command of the Fifteenth Army Corps, relieving Maj. Gen. Peter J. Osterhaus. 14, 1865.Advance of Union forces from Beaufort to Pocotaligo, S. C., and skirmishes. 15, 1865.Destruction of the U. S. monitor Patapsco, in Charleston Harbor, S.C. 20, 1865.Reconnaissance from Pocotaligo to the Salkehatchie River, S. C., and skirmish. 25, 1865.Reconnaissance from Pocotaligo to the Salkehatchie River, S. C. 26, 1865.Skirmish near Pocotaligo, S. C. 27, 1865.Skirmish at Ennis Cross-Roads, S. C. 28, 1865.Skirmish at Combahee River, S. C. 29, 1865.Skirmish at Robertsville, S. C. 80, 1865.Skirmish near Lawtonville, S. C. 31, 1865.The Department of North Carolina constituted, to consist of the State of North Carolina, and Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, U. S. Army, assigned to its command. Feb. 1, 1865.Skirmish at Hickory Hill, S. C. skirmish at Whippy Swamp Creek, S. C. 2, 1865.Skirmish at Lawtonville, S. C. Skirmish at Barkers Mill, Whippy Swamp, S. C. Skirmish at Duck Branch, near Lopers Cross-Roads, S. C. Skirmishes at Rivers and Broxtons Bridges, Salkehatchie River S. C. 3, 1865.Action at Rivers Bridge, Salkehatchie River, S. C. Skirmish at Dilliughams Cross-Roads or Duck Branch, S. C. 4, 1865.Skirmish at Angleys Post-Office, S. C. Skirmish at Bufords Bridge, S. C. 5,1865.Skirmish at Duncanville, S. C. Skirmish at Combahee Ferry. S. C. 6, 1865.Action at Fishburns Plantation, near Lanes Bridge, Little Sal- kehatchie River, S. C. Skirmish at Cowpen Ford, Little Salkehatchie River, S. C. Skirmish near Barnwell, S. C Page 3 CHAP. LIX.] ThE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 3 Feb. 7, 1865.Skirmish at Blackyille, S. ~. Skirmish at the Edisto Railroad Bridge, S. C. Reconnaissance to Cannons Bridge, South Edisto River, S. C. 8, 1865.Skirmish at Williston, S. C. Skirmish near White Pond, S. C. Skirmish at Walkers or Valley Bridge, Edisto River, S. C. Skirmish at Cannons Bridge, South Edisto River, S. C. 9, 1865.Maj. Gen. Quincy A. Gillmore, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of the South, vice Maj. Gen. John G. Foster. Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of North Carolina. The advance of the Twenty-third Army Corps arrives at Fort Fisher, N. C. Skirmish at Binnakers Bridge, South Edisto River, S. C. Skirmish at Holmans Bridge, South Edisto River, S. C. 10, 1865.Skirmish at James Island, S. C. Skirmish at Johnsons Station, S. C. 11, 1865.Action at Aiken, S. C. Action at Johnsons Station, S. C. Attack on Battery Simkins, S. C. Action near Sugar Loaf, N. C. 1112, 1865.Skirmishes about Orangeburg, S. C. 1213, 1865.Skirmishes at the North Edisto River, S. C. 14, 1865.Skirmish at Wolfs Plantation, S. C. Skirmish at Gunters Bridge, North Edisto River, S. C. 15, 1865.Skirmish at Congaree Creek, S. C. Skirmish at Savannah Creek, S. C. Skirmish at Bates Ferry, Congaree River, S. C. Skirmish at Red Bank Creek, S. C. Skirmish at Two League Cross-Roads, near Lexington, S. C. 1617,1865.Skirmishes about Columbia, S. C. 17, 1865.Union forces occupy Columbia, S. C. Confederate forces evacuate Charleston, S. C. Skirmish near Smithville, N. C. 18, 1865.Union forces occupy Charleston, S. C. Action at Fort Anderson, N. C. Skirmish at Orton Pond, N. C. 19, 1865.Capture of Fort Anderson, N. C. 1920, 1865.Skirmish at Town Creek, N. C. 21,1865.Skirmish at Eagle Island, N. C. Skirmish at Fort Strong. N. C. 22, 1865.Union forces occupy Wilmington, N. C. Skirmish at Smiths Creek, N. C. Skirmish at Northeast Ferry, N. C. Skirmish near Camden, S. C. Skirmish near Wateree River, S. C. General Joseph E. Johnston, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Army of Tennessee and all troops in the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. 23,1865.Skirmish near Camden,S.C. 24, 1865.Skirmish at Camden, S. C. 25, 1865.Union forces occupy Camden, S. C. Skirmish at Wests Cross-Roads, S. C. General Joseph E. Johnston, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Army of Tennessee and all troops in the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida Page 4 4 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Feb. 26,1865.Skirmish at Lynchs Creek, S.C. Skirmish near Strouds Mill, S. C. 27, 1865.Skirmish near Mount Elon, S. C. Skirmish at Clouds House, S. C. 28, 1865.Skirmish near Cheraw, S. C. Skirmish near Rocky Mount, S. C. Mar. 1, 1865.Skirmish at Wilsons Store, S. C. Maj. Gen. Jacob D. Cox, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Dis- trict of Beaufort. 2, 1865.Skirmish at Chesterfield, S. C. Unfln forces occupy Chesterfield, S. C. Skirmish at Thompsons Creek, near Chesterfield, S. C. 3,1865.Skirmish at Juniper Creek, near Cheraw, S. C. Skirmish at Thompsons Creek, near Cheraw, S. C. Affair near Big Black Creek, S. C. Union forces occupy Cheraw, S. C. Skirmish near Blakenys, S. C. Skirmish near Hornsborough, S. C. 4,1865.Skirmish at Phillips Cross-Roads, N. C. 46, 1865.Expedition from near Cheraw to Florence, S. C., and skirmishes. 5, 1865.Skirmish near Cheraw, S. C. 6, 1865.General Joseph E. Johnston, C. S. Army, assumes command of all troops in the Department of North Carolina. 7,1865.Skirmish at Rockiugham, N. C. Skirmish at Southwest Creek, N. C. 8, 1865.Skirmish at Loves or Blues Bridge, S. C. 810, 1865.Battle of Kinston, or Wises Forks, N. C. 10, 1865.Engagement at Monroes Cross-Roads, S. C. 11, 1865.Skirmish at Fayetteville, N. C. Union forces occupy Fayetteville, N. C. 13, 1865.Skirmish near Fayetteville, N. C. 14, 1865.Reconnaissance from Fayetteville on the Goldsborough road to Black River, N. C., and skirmish. Reconnaissance from Fayetteville on the Raleigh road to Silver Run Creek, N. C., and skirmish. Union forces occupy Kinston, N. C. 15, 1865.Skirmish near Smiths Millb, Black River, N. C. Skirmish at South River, N. C. 16, 1865.Skirmish at Little Cohera Creek, N. C. Battle of Averasborougli (or Taylors Hole Creek), N. C. General G. T. Beauregard, C. S. Army, announced as second in com- mand of Johnstons army. Lient. Gen. Alexander P. Stewart, C. S. Army, assigned to com- mand of the infantry and artillery of the Army of Tennessee. 17, 1865.Skirmish at Averasborough, N. C. Skirmish at Falling Creek, N. C. 18, 1865.Skirmish at Mingo Creek, N. C. Skirmish at Bushy Swamp, N. C. Skirmish near Bentons Cross-Roads, N. C. 18, 1865.Maj. Gen. Jacob D. Cox, U. S. Army, relieved from command of the District of Beaufort and assigned to command the Provis- ional Corps. 19, 1 865.Skirmish at the Neuse River Bridge, near GoldThorough, N. C Page 5 CHAP. LiX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 5 Mar. 1920, 1865.Skirmishes at and near Coxs Bridge, Neuse River, N. C. 1921, 1865.Battle of Bentonville ,NC. 20, 1865.Skirmish near Falling Creek, N. C. 20Apr. 27, 1865.Stonemans Raid in East Tennessge, Southwestern Virginia, and Western North Carolina? 21,1865.Union forces occupy Goldsborough, N. C. Brig. Gen. Innis N. Palmer, U. S. Army, assumes command of the District of Beaufort. 22, 1865.Skirmish at Mill Creek, N. C. Skirmish at Hannahs Creek, N. C. Skirmish at Black Creek, N. C. 23, 1865.Skirmish at Coxs Bridge, Neuse River, N. C. 24, 1865.Skirmish near Moccasin Creek, N. C. 27, 1865.The Tenth Army Corps reorganized and Maj. Gen. Alfred H. Terry, U. S. Army, assigned to its command. 28, 1865.Skirmish near Snow Hill, N. C. 29, 1865.Skirmish near Moseley Hall, N. C. 31, 1865.Skirmish at Gulleys, N. C. Skirmish at IThokerton, N. C. Maj. Geu. Jacob D. Cox, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Twenty-third Army Corps. Apr. 1, 1865.General Shermans army reorganized. Skirmish near Snow Hill, N. C. 2, 1865.Maj. Gen. Joseph A. Mower, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Twentieth Army Corps. Skirmish near Goldsborough, N. C. 57, 1865.Destruction of U. S. transports on Neuse River, N. C. 5-15, 1865.Expedition from Charleston to the Santee River, S. C. 525, 1865.Expedition from Georgetown to Camden, S.C., and skirmishes at Dingles Mill, near Suinterville (9th), near Statesburg (15th), at Bradford Springs and Boykins Mill (18th), at Denkins Mill (19th), and at Beech Creek, near Statesburg (19th). 10, 1865.General Shermans army moves from Goldsborough toward Ral- eigh, N. C. Skirmish at Boonville, N. C. Skirmish at Moccasin Swanup, N. C. Skirmish near Nahunta Station, N. C. 11, 1865.Skirmish near Smithfield, N. C. Skirmish near Beulah, N. C. Union forces occupy Smithfield, N. C. Affair near Pikeville, N. C. 12, 1865.Action at Swift Creek, N. C. Action near Raleigh, N. C. 13, 1865.Union forces occupy Raleigh, N. C. Skirmish near Raleigh, N. C. Skirmish at Morrisyille, N. C. 14, 1865-Skirmish near Morrisville, N. C. Affair near Saunders Farm, N. C. 15,1865.Skirmish near Chapel Hill, N. C. 18-26, 1865.Hostilities between the armies of Generals Sherman and Johnston suspended. 26, 1865.Surrender of the Confederate Army in North Carolina at Ben. netts House, near Durham Station, N. C. For reports, see Vol. XLIX, Part 1 Page 6 6 OPERATIONS IN N. ~., ~. d., ~. ~ ANfl t. FLA. CIIAP. LIX. REPORTS, ETC.~ No. 1.Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, U. S. Army, commanding Military Division of the Mississippi. ~No. 2.Organization of the Union Forces commanded by Maj Gen. William T. Sher- man, January-April, 1865. No. 3.Return of casualties in the Union Forces at Kinston (or Wises Forks), Averasborough, and Bentonville, N. C. No. 4.Itinerary of the Union Forces January 1June 30, 1865. No. 5.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Orlando M. Poe, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Chief Engi- neer. No. 6.Bvt. Maj. Gen. William F. Barry, U. S. Army, Chief of Artillery. No. 7.Bvt. Col. Thomas G. Baylor, IJ. S. Army, Chief Ordnance Officer. No. S.Snrg. John Moore, U. S. Army, Medical Director. No. 9.Maj. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Tennes- see or Rioht Wing. No. 10.Capt. Peter A. Taylor, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, Chief Signal Officer. No. 11.Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, U. S. Army, commanding Fifteenth Army Corps, of operations January 7March 31. No. 12.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Charles R. Woods, U. S. Mm~r, commanding First Division, of operations January 10March 24 and April 10-11. No. 13.Bvt. Brig. Gen. William B. Woods, Seventy-sixth Ohio Infantry, commandi.ag First Brigade, of operations January 23-March 26. No. 14.Col. Reuben Williams, Twelfth Indiana Infantry, of operations March 46. No. 15.Lient. Col. Abraham J. Seay, Thirty-second Missouri Infantry, command- ing Battalion Thirty-first and Thirty-second Missouri Infantry. - No. 16.Col. Robert F. Catterson, Ninety-seventh Indiana Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 15March 25. No. 17.Lient. Col. George W. Wright, One hundred and third Illinois Infantry, of operations January 27March 24. No. 15.Lient. Col. Edward N. Upton, Forty-sixth Ohio Infantry, of operations January 27March 24. No. 19.Col. George A. Stone, Twenty-fifth Iowa Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations January 10-March 26. No. 20.Asst. Surg. Samuel C. Rogers, Thirtieth Iowa Infantry, of operations April 10. No. 21.Maj. Gen. William B. Hazen, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations January 1March 24. No. 22.Col. Theodore Jones, Thirtieth Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations January 16March 24. No. 23.Col. Wells S. Jones, Fifty-third Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations January 14March 24. No. 24.Lieut. Col. Joseph F. Black, One hundred and eleventh Illinois Infantry, of operations January 18March 24. No. 25.Capt. William N. Craw, Eighty-third Indiana Infantry, of operations Janu- ary 16March 24. No. 26.Lient. Col. Louis von Blessiugh, Thirty-seventh Ohio Infantry, of operations January 14March 24. No. 27.Capt. Robert Curren, Fifty-third Ohio Infantry, of operations January 30- March 24. No. 28.Lient. Col. Israel T. Moore, Fifty-fourth Ohio Infantry, of operations Janu- ary 14March 24. * For General Grants reference to these operations, see Vol. XLVI, Part I, pp. 45, 46, 58. For reports of naval co-operating forces, see Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy, December 4, 1865 Page 7 CHAP. t15~ ~VtlI~ CAMPAIGN OP rl11~ OAI~OLINAS. 7 No. 29.Brig. Gen. John M. Oliver, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade, of oper- ations January 30March 24. No. 30.Bvt. Maj. Gen. John E. Smith, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations January 19March 24. No. 31.Brig. Gen. William T. Clark, U. S. Army, commanding Fitst Brigade, of operations February 10March 13 and April 10-15. No. 32.Bvt. Maj. Gen. John M. Corse, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Division, of operations January 28-March 24. No. 33.Brig. Gen. Elliott W. Rice, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of opet- ations January 28March 24. No. 34.Lient. Col. Jerome D. Davis, Fifty-second Illinois Infantry, of operations January 28March 24. No. 35.Lient. Col. Roger Martin, Sixty-sixth Indiana Infantry, of operations Janu~ ary 28March 24. No. 36.Col. Noel B. Howard, Second Iowa Infantry, of operations January 28 March 24. No. 37.Lieut. Col. James C. Parrott, Seventh Iowa Infantry, of operations Jan- uary 28March 24. No. 35.Col. Robert N. Adams, Eighty-first Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Bri- gade, of operations January 28March 24. No. 39.Lieut. Col. Henry Van Sellar, Twelfth Illinois Infantry, of operations Jan- uary 28March 24. No. 40.Lient. Col. Andrew K. Campbell, Sixty-sixth Illinois Infantry, of oper- ations January 28March 24. No. 41.Maj. William C. Henry, Eighty-first Ohio Infantry, of operations January 28March 24. No. 42.Lient. Col. Frederick J. Hurlbut, Fifty-seventh Illinois Infantry, com- manding Third Brigade, of operations January 27March 24. No. 43.Maj. Edward S. Johnson, Seventh Illinois Infantry, of operations January 27March 24. No. 44.Lient. Col. William Hanna, Fiftieth Illinois Infantry, of operations January 27March 24. No. 45.Capt. Isaac D. Marsh, Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry, of operations January 27March 24. No. 46.Lient. Col. William H. Ross, First Michigan Light Artillery, Chief of Artil- lery, of operations January 27March 24. No. 47.Maj. Gen. Frank P. Blair, jr., U. S. Army, commanding Seventeenth Army Corps, of operations January 2A~Iarch 24. No. 48.Maj. Gen. Joseph A. Mower, U. S. Army, conimanding First Division, of operations February 1March 24. No. 49.Brig. Gen. John XV. Fuller, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of oper- ations February 23 and 9 and March 21. No. 50.Maj. Daniel Weber, Thirty-ninth Ohio Infantry, of operations February 24 and March 21. No. 51.Col. Milton Montgomery, Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations January 29February 3 and February 9. No. 52.Lieut. Col. Jeremiah M. Rusk, Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Infantry, of oper- ations March 21. No. 53.Col. John Tillson, Tenth Illinois Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 24 and 9 and March 21. No. 54.Brig. Gen. Manning F. Force, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations January 14 and January 30March 24. No. 55.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Giles A. Smith, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Division, of operations January 6March 24. No. 56.Brig. Gen. Benjamin F. Potts, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations January 29March 23 Page 8 8 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CuAP. LiX. No. 57.Capt. Henry Duncan, Fifty-third Indiana Infantry, of operations January 29March 24. No. 58.Brig. Gen. William W. Belknap, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade, of operations January 6-March 24. No. 59.Lieut William W. Hyzer, Battery C, First Michigan Light Artillery, of operations February 9. No. 60.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, U. S. Army, commanding Left Wing (Army of Georgia), of operations December 21, 1864March 23, 1865. No. 61.Lient. Col. Joseph Moore, Fifty-eighth Indiana Infantry, commanding Pon- toon Train, of operations January 20March 25. No. 62.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis, U. S. Army, commanding Fourteenth Army Corps, of operations .January 20March 23. No. 63.Surg. Waldo C. Daniels, U. S. Army, Medical Director, of operations Jan- uary 20March 24. No. 64.Capt. Joshua Van Brimer, One hundred and twenty-first Ohio Infantry, Acting Commissary of Subsistcnce, of operations January 20March 24. No. 65.Capt. John E. Reniington, Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army, Acting Chief Quartermaster, of operations January 20March 24. No. 66.Brig. Gen. William P. Carlin, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations January 20-March 23. No. 67.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Harrison C. Hobart, Twenty-first Wisconsin Infantry, com- manding First Brigade, of operations January 20-March 23. No. 68.Maj. John H. Widmer, One hundred and fourth Illinois Infantry, of oper- ations January 20March 23. No. 69.Maj. Gideon R. Kellams, Forty-second Indiana Infantry, of operations January 20-March 23. No. 70.Capt. William N. loris, Eighty-eighth Indiana Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 71.Capt. Joseph Hinsen, Thirty-third Ohio infantry, of operations January 20-March 23. No. 72.Maj. William H. Snider, Ninety-fourth Ohio Infantry, of operations Janu- ary 20-March 23. No. 73.Lieut. Col. Michael H. Fitch, Twenty-first Wisconsin Infantry, of oper- ations March 19. No. 74.Mnj. Charles H. Walker, Twenty-first Wisconsin Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 75.Bvt. Brig. Gen. George P. Buell, Fifty-eighth Indiana Infantry, command- ing Second Brigade, of operations January 20March 23. No. 76.Capt. Silas A. Yerkes, Thirteenth Michigan Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 77.Capt. Arthur C. Prince, Twenty-first Michigan Infantry, of operations January 20-March 23. No. 78.Capt. Jacob J. Rarick, Sixty-ninth Ohio Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 79.Lient. Col. David Miles, Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, command- ing Third Brigade, of operations January 20-March 19. No. 80.Lient. Col. Arnold McMahan, Twenty-first Ohio Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations January 20March 23. No. 81.Capt. David H. Patton, Thirty-eighth Indiana Infantry, of operations Jan- uary 20-March 23. No. 82.Capt. Samuel F. Cheney, Twenty-first Ohio Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 83.Maj. Robert P. Findley, Seventy-fourth Ohio Infantry, of operations Jan-. uary 20-March 26 Page 9 Cn~r. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OP THE CAjROLINAS. 9 No. 84.Maj. Michael H. Locher, Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper- ations January 20March 23. No. 85.Brig. Gen. James D. Morgan, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations January 20-March 23. No. 86.Journal of Second Division, of operations January 20March 24. No. 87.Brig. Gen. William Vandever, U. f~. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations January 20-March 23. No. 88.Capt. HerThan Lund, Sixteenth Illinois Infantry, of operations January 20 March 23. No. 89.Lieut. Col. George W. Evans, Sixtieth Illinois Infantry, of operations Jan- uary 20-March 23. No. 90.Col. Charles M. Lum, Tenth Michigan Infantry, of operations January 20- March 23. No. 91.Lieut. Col. George W. Grummond, Fourteenth Michigan Infantry, of oper- ations January 20March 23. No. 92.Capt. J. Walter Myers, Fourteenth Michigan Infantry, of operations March 20. No. 93.Capt. Alexander S. Marshall, Seventeenth New York Infantry, of oper- ations January 20-March 24. No. 94.Brig. Gen. John G. Mitchell, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of operations January 20-March ~3. No. 95.Capt. Peter F. Walker, Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry, of operations Jan- uary 20-March 23. No. 96.Lient. Col. Mans H. Vernon, Seventy-eighth Illinois Infantry, of oper- ations January 20March 23. No. 97.Maj. David E. Roatch, Ninety-eighth Ohio Infantry, of operations Jan- uary 20-March 24. No. 95.Maj. Frederick Beck, One hundred and eighth Ohio Infantry, of operations January 20-March 23. No. 99.Capt. Toland Jones, One hundred and thirteenth Ohio Infantry, of oper- ations January 20March 23. No. 100.Maj. Aaron B. Rohinson, One hundred and twenty-first Ohio Infantry, of operations January 20-March 23. No. 101.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Benjamin D. Fearing, Ninety-second Ohio Infantry, com- manding Third Brigade, of operations January 20March 19. No. 102.Lient. Col. James W. Langley, One hundred and twenty-fifth Illinois Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations March 1923. No. 103.Lient. Col. James W. Langley, One hundred and twenty-fifth Illinois Infantry, of operations January 20-March 19. No. 104.Capt. George W. Cook, One hundred and twenty-fifth Illinois Infantry, of operations March 1923. No. 105.Capt. William H. Snodgrass, Twenty-second Indiana Infantry, of oper- ations January 20March 23. No. 106.Lieut. Col. Charles W. Clancy, Fifty-second Ohio Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 107.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Absalom Baird, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations January 20March 23. No. 105.Col. Morton C. Hunter, Eighty-second Indiana Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations January 20March 23. - No. 109.Lient. Col. John M. Matheny, Eighty-second Indiana Infantry, of oper- ations January20-March 23. No. 110.Maj. John H. Jolly, Eighty-ninth Ohio Infantry, commanding Twenty- third Missouri Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 111.Lient. Col. Benjamin H. Showers, Seventeenth Ohio Infantry, of oper- ations January 20-March 23 Page 10 10 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. CA., ANP ~. FLA. [CHXP. LIX. No. 112.Capt. Eli Wilkin, Thirty-first Ohio Infantry, of operations January 20 March 23. No. 113.Lient. Col. William H. Glenn, Eighty-ninth Ohio Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 114.Lient. Col. Thomas Doan, One hundred and first Indiana Infantry, com- manding Second Brigade, of operations January 20March 23. No. 115.Maj. Cyrus J. MeCole, Seventy-fifth Indiana Infantry, of operations Janu- ary 20-March 23. No. 116.Maj. Richard C. Sabin, Eighty-seventh Indiana Infantry, of operations January 20March 25. No. 117.Maj. George W. Steele, One hundred and first Indiana Infantry, of oper- ations January 20March 23. No. 115.Lient. Col. Judson W. Bishop, Second Minnesota Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 119.Lient. Col. George T. Perkins, One hundred and fifth Ohio Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 120.Col. George P. Este, Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations January 20March 23. No. 121.Lient. Col. Thomas Morgan, Seventy-fourth Indiana Infantry, of oper- ations January 20March 23. No. 122.Lient. Col. Hubbard K. Milward, Eighteenth Kentucky Infantry, of oper- ations January 20March 23. No. 123.Lient. Col. Albert Moore, Fonrteenlh Ohio Infantry, of operations January 20March 23. No. 124.Capt. Charles M. Gilbert, Thirty-eighth Ohio Infantry, of operations Jan- uary 20-March 23. No. 125.Maj. Charles Houghtaling, First Illinois Light Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, of operations January 20March 23. No. 126.Lient. Pa]merF. Scovel, Battery C, First Illinois Light Artillery, of oper- ations January 20-March 23. No. 127.Lient. Judson Rich, Battery I, Second illinois Light Artillery, of oper- ations January 20-March 23. No. 125.Lient. Clinton Keeler, Nineteenth Indiana Battery, of operations January 20March 23. No. 129.Capt. Joseph McKnight, Fifth Wisconsin Battery, of operations January 20March 23. No. 130.Byt. Maj. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams, U. S. Army, commanding Twentieth Army Corps, of operations January 1-March 31. No. 131.Maj. Gen. Joseph A. Mower, IJ. S. Army, commanding Twentieth Army Corps, of operations April 3June 13. No. 132.Brig. Gen. Nathaniel J. Jackson, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations January 17March 24. No. 133.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams, U. S. Army, commanding First Divis- ion, of operations April 6May 24. No. 134.Bvt. Brig. Gen. James L. Selfridge, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations January 17-March24 and April 10-May 19. No. 135.Lient. Col. Henry W. Daholl, Fifth Connecticut Infantry, of operations January 17March 24 and April 10May 19. No. 136.Col. James C. Rogers, One hundred and twenty-third New York Infantry, of operations January 17March 24 and April 10May 24. No. 137.Capt. William Merrell, One hundred and forty-first New York Infantry, of operations January 17March 24. No. 135.Licut. Col. Andrew J. McNett, One hundred and forty-first New York Infan- try, of operations April 10May 25 Page 11 CHAP. LIXI 11 THE CAMPAIGN OP THE CAROLINAS. No. 139.Maj. Patrick Griffith, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations January 17-March 24 and April 10May 29. No. 140.Bvt. Brig. Gen. William Hawley, Third Wisconsin Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations January 17March24 and April 10May 24. No. 141.Capt. Robert B. Brown, Second Massachusetts Infantry, of operations January 17-March 24. No.142.Capt. Edward A. Phalen, Second Massachusetts Infantry, of operations April 10-May 19. No. 143.Lient. Col. Frederick H. Harris, Thirteenth New Jersey InfaAtry, of oper- ations January 14March 24 and April 10-May 24. No. 144.Col. Nirom M. Crane, One hundred and seventh New York Infantry, of operations January 17-March 24 and April 10May 28. No. 145,Col. Alfred B. Smith, One hundred and fiftieth New York Infantry, of operations January 17March 24 and April 10May 24. No. 146.Lient. Col. George W. Stevenson, Third Wisconsin Infantry, of operations January 17-March 24 and April 10May 24. No. 147.Brig. Gen. James S. Robinson, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade, of operations Jt~nuary 17-March 24. No. 145.Lient. Col. Edward S. Salomon, Eighty-second Illinois Infantry, of oper- ations, January 17-March 24 and April 10-May 29. No. 149.Lient. Col. John B. Le Sage, One hundred and first Illinois Infantry, of operations January 17March 25 and April 10May 24. No. 150.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Horace Boughton, One hundred and forty-third New York Infantry, of operations April 10-May 29. No. 151.Maj. James S. Crall, Eighty-second Ohio Infantry, of operations January 17-March 24. No. 152.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Stephen J. McGroarty, Eighty-second Ohio Infantry, of operations April 10May 29. No. 153.Col. Francis H. West, Thirty-first Wisconsin Infantry, of operations Jan- uary 18March 24 and April 10May 27. No. 154.Bvt. Maj. Gen. John W. Geary, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations January 19March 25 and April 10May 24. No. 155.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Ario Pardee, jr., One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsyl- vania Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations January 27 March 26 and May 11-24. No. 156.Col. George W. Mmdii, Thirty-thirdNew Jersey Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations April 10May 9. No. 157.Lient. Col. Robert Kirkup, Fifth Ohio Infantry, of operations January 27 March 24 and April 10-May 19. No. 155.Lient. Col. Jonas Schoonover, Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry, of operations January 27-March 25 and April 10-May 28. No. 159.Lient. Col. Eugene Powell, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry, of operations January 27March 24. No. 160.Lieut. Col. John T. Mitchell, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry, of operations May 1124. No. 161.Lient. Col. James Fitzpatrick, Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations January 27March 26 and April 10May 26. No. 162.Lient. Col. John Craig, One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations January 27March 24 and April 9May 17. No. 163.Col. George W. Mmdii, Thirty-third New Jersey Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations January 27-March 25. No. 164.Lient. Col. Enos Fourat, Thirty-third New Jersey Infantry, of operations January 27March 25. No. 165.Lient. Col. Enos Fourat and Maj. Nathaniel K. Bray, Thirty-third New Jersey Infantry, of operations April 10-May 19 Page 12 12 OPE1~ATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. No. 166.Col. John T. Lockman, One hundred and nineteenth New York Infantry, of operations January 27-March 25 and April 10May 23. No. 167.Licut. Col. Allan H. Jackson, One hundred and thirty-fourth New York infantry, of operations January 27-March 25 and April 10-May 26. No. 168.Lient. Col. Lewis D. Warner, One hundred and fifty-fourth New York Infantry, of operations January 27-March 26 and April 10May 24. No. 169.Capt. Samuel D. Miller, Seventy-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper. a~ions January 27-March 25. No. 170.Maj. Christian H. Goebel, Seventy-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper- ations April 10May 24. No. 171.Brig. Gen. Henry A. Barnum, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade, of operations January 27-March 24 and April 10June 6. No. 172.Capt. Abner B. Shipman, Sixtieth New York Infantry, of operations Janu- ary 18-March 24. No. 173.Lient. Col. Lester 8. Wilison, Sixtieth New York Infantry, of operations April 10May 24. No. 174.Lieut. Col. Harvey S. Chatfield, One hundred and second New York Infantry, of operations January 27March 24 and May 11-24. No. 175.Maj. Oscar J. Spaulding, One hundred and second New York Infantry, of operations April 10May 11. No. 176.Maj. Milo B. Eldredge, One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Infan- try, of operations January 27-March 25. No. 177.Lieut. Col. Koert S. Van Voorhees, One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Infantry, of operations April 10-May 31. No. 178.Capt. Henry N. Burhans, One hundred and forty-ninth New York Infan- try, of operations January 27March 26. No. 179.Lieut. Col. Nicholas Grumbach, One hundred and forty-ninth New York Infantry, of operations March 27May 29. No. 180.Maj. George E. Johnson, Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper. ations January 27-March 25. No. 181.Col. Samuel M. Zulich, Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations April 10May 29. No. 182.Capt. William J. Alexander, One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations January 27-March 24. No. 183.Col. Thomas M. Walker, One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Infan- try, of operations April 10May 24. No. 184.Bvt. Maj. Gen. William T. Ward, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations December 31, 1864March 24, 1865, and April 10June 11, 1865. No. 185.Col. Henry Case, One hundred and twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, com- manding First Brigade, of operations December 31,1864March 24, 1865, and April 1019, 1865. No. 186.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Benjamin Harrison, Seventieth Indiana Infantry, com- manding First Brigade, of operations April 19May 30. No. 187.Maj. Hiland H. Clay, One hundred and second Illinois Infantry, of oper- ations December 31, 1864March 24, 1865. No. 188.Lient. Col. Everell F. Dutton, One hundred and fifth ~flhinois Infantry, of operations December 31, 1864March 24, 1865. No. 189.Lient. Col. Themas H. Flynn, One hundred and twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, of operations January 1March 24. No. 190.Maj. Zachariah S. Ragan, Seventieth Indiana Infantry, of operations January 27-March 24. - No. 191.Lient. Col. Azarmah W. Doan, Seventy-ninth Ohio Infantry, of operations January 18March 24 Page 13 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 13 No. 192.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Daniel Dustin, One hundred aud fifth Illinois Infantry~ commanding Second Brigade, of operations December 31, 1864March 24, 1865, and April 10May 28, 1865. No. 193.Lient. Col. James E. Burton, Thirty-third Indiana Infantry, of operations January 1-March 26. No. 194.Lient. Col. Alexander B. Crane, Eighty-fifth Indiana Infantry, of operations January 2-March 24. No. 195.Maj. David Anderson, Nineteenth Michigan Infantry, of operations Janu- ary 1March 24. No. 196.Capt. Darwin R. May, Twenty-second Wisconsin Infantry, of operations January 2-March 24. No. 197.Byt. Brig. Gen. William Cogswell, Second Massachusetts Infantry, com- manding Third Brigade, of operations January 16-March 24 and April 10-June 1. No. 198.Lieut. Col. Philo B. Buckiugham, Twentieth Connecticut Infantry, of operations January 16-March 24. No. 199.Lieut. Col. Elisha Doane, Thirty-third Massachusetts Infantry, of oper- ations January 16March 24. No. 200.Capt. George H. Eldridge, One hundred and thirty-sixth New York Infantry, of operations January 16-March 24. No. 201.Lient. Col. Edwin H. Powers, Fifty-fifth Ohio Infantry, of operations Jan- uary 16March 24. No. 202.Lient. Col. Samuel H. Hurst, Seventy-third Ohio Infantry, of operations January 16-March 24. No. 203.Lient. Col. Frederick C. Winkler, Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Infantry, of operations January 16March 24. No. 204.Maj. Francis Lackner, Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Iufantry, of operations January 2425. No. 205.Maj. John A. Reynolds, First New York Light Artillery, Chief of Artil- lery, of operations January 17March 24. No. 206.Capt. Charles E. Winegar, First New York Light Artillery, Chief of Artil- lery, of operations April 10May 27. No. 207.Capt. Charles E. Winegar, Battery I, First New York Light Artillery, of operations January 18March 25. No. 208.Lient. Warren L. Scott, Battery I, First New York Light Artillery, of oper- ations April 10-May 26. No. 209.Lient. Edward P. Newkirk, Battery M, First New York Light Artillery, of operations January 17March 25 and April 10May 25. No. 210.Lient. Jerome B. Stephens, Battery C, First Ohio Light Artillery, of oper- ations January 18March 25 and April 10May 26. No. 211.Capt. Thomas S. Sloan, Battery E, Pennsylvania Light Artillery, of oper- ations January 27-March24 and April 10May 26. No. 212.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, U. S. Army, commanding Third Cavalry Division, of operations January 28March 24. No. 213.Col. Thomas J. Jordan, Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding First Brigade, of operations January 28March 24. No. 214.Lieut. Col. Fielder A. Jones, Eighth ~[ndiana Cavalry, of operations January 28March 24. No. 215.Maj. Owen Star, Second Kentucky Cavalry, of operations January 24 March 24. No. 216.Lient. Col. Robert H. King, Third Kentucky Cavalry, of operations Janu- ary 28March 24. No. 217.Lient. Col. David H. Kimmel, Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, of operations January 28March 24 Page 14 14 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. No. 218.Lieut. Charles Blanford, Third Kentucky Cavalry, commanding Howitzer Battery, of operations January 28March 24. No. 219.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Smith D. Atkins, Ninety-second Illinois (mounted) Infan- try, commanding Second Brigade, of operations January 28March 24. No. 220.Lieut. Col. Matthew Van Buskirk, Ninety-second Illinois (mounted) Infantry, of operations January 28March 24. No. 221.Col. George S. Acker, Ninth Michigan Cavalry, of operations January 28 March 23. No. 222.Col. William D. Hamilton, Ninth Ohio Cavalry, of operations January 28 March 24. No. 223.Liout. Col. Thomas W. Sanderson, Tenth Ohio Cavalry, of operations Janu- ary 28March 24. No. 224.Col. George E. Spencer, First Alabama Cavalry, commanding Third Bri- gade, of operations January 28March 24. No. 225.Maj. Sanford Tramel, First Alabama Cavalry, of operations January 28- March 24. No. 226.Maj. Christopher T. Cheek, Fifth Kentucky Cavalry, of operations Janu- ary 28March 24. No. 227.Maj. George H. Rader, Fifth Ohio Cavalry, of operations January 28- March 24. No. 228.Lieut. Col. William B. Way, Ninth Michigan Cavalry, commanding Fourth Brigade, of operations January 25-March 24. No. 229.Lieut. Elbert W. Fowler, Tenth Wisconsin Battery, of operations January 27March 24. No. 230.Lieut. Oscar A. Clark, Tenth Wisconsin Battery, of operations January 28March 24. No. 231.Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, U. S. Army, commanding Department of North Carolina, Army of the Ohio (or Center), of operations January 1 March 24. No. 232.Capt. Edmund H. Russell, U. S. Army, Chief Signal Officer, of operations February 16-June 5. No. 233.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Joseph C. Abbott, Seventh New Hampshire Infantry, com- manding Second Brigade, First Division, Tenth Army Corps, of oper- ations February 8-May 10. No. 234.Capt. William H. Trickey, Third New Hampshire Infantry, of operations February 11. No. 235.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Adelbert Ames, U S. Ar my, commanding Second Division, of operations February 8April 16. No. 236.Brig. Gen. Charles J. Paine, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations February 8-April 24. No. 237.Abstract from journal of Maj. Gen. Jacob D. Cox, U. S. Army. No. 238.Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, Twenty-third Army Corps, of operations March 3-10. No. 239.Col. John M. Orr, One hundred and twenty-fourth Indiana Infantry, com- manding First Brigade, of operations March 810. No. 240.Col. Allen W. Prather, One hundred and twentieth Indiana Infantry, of operations March 810. No. 241.Maj. Henry S. Gibson, One hundred and twenty-fourth Indiana Infantry, of operations March 811. No. 242.Lieut. Col. Jasper Packard, One hundred and twenty-eighth Indiana Infantry, of operations March 810. No. 243.Col. Willard Warner, One hundred and eightieth Ohio Infantry, of oper- ations March 810. No. 244.Col. John C. McQuiston, One hundred and twenty-third Indiana Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 810 Page 15 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 15 No. 245.Lient. Col. Dewitt C. Walters, One hundred and twenty-third Indiana Infantry, of operations March 8-10. No 246.Capt. David Bennett, One hundred and twenty-ninth Indiana Infantry, of operations March 810. No 247.Col. Charles S. Parrish, One hundred and thirtieth Indianalnfantry, of operations March 810. No. 248.Col. William W. Wheeler, Twenty-eighth Michigan Infantry, of operations March 8-10. No. 249.Col. Minor T. Thomas, Eighth Minnesota Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations March ~10. No. 250.Maj. George A. Camp, Eighth Minnesota Infantry, of operations March 31. No. 251.Col. John S. Jones, One hundred and seventy-fourth Ohio Infantry, of oper- ations March 810. No. 252.Col. Joab A. Stafford, One hundred and seventy-eighth Ohio Infantry, of operations March 810. No. 253.Lieut. Timothy Cannon, One hundred and eighty-first Ohio Infantry, Third Brigade, Second Division, of operations March 2930. No. 254.Maj. Gen. Jacob D. Cox, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of oper- ations Febrnary 8-22. No. 255.Col. Oscar W. Steri, One hundred and fourth Ohio Infantry, command- ing First Brigade, of operations February 822 and April 14. No. 256.Bvt. Brig. Gen. John S. Casement, One hundred and third Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 1722. No. 257.Col. Thomas J. Henderson, One hundred and twelfth Illinois Infantry, com- man(ling Third Brigade, of operations February 1723 and March 31. No. 255.Maj. Gen. Jacob D. Cox, U. S. Army, commanding Provisional Corps, of operations March 1-31. No. 259.Brig. Gen. Innis N. Palmer, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, Dis- trict of Beaufort, of operations March 110. No. 260.Brig. Gen. Edward Harland, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations March 2-10. No. 261.Lient. Col. John W. Raymond, Twenty-third Massachusetts Infantry, of operations March 39. No. 262.Lieut. Col. Augustus B. R. Sprague, Second Massachusetts Heavy Artil- lery, of operations March 310. No. 263.Col. Peter J. Claassen, One hundred and thirty-second New York Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of ol)erations March 210. No. 264.Col. Horace Boughton, One hundred and forty-third New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations March 410. No. 265.Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Carter, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations March 710. No. 266 Col. Adam G. Malloy, Seventeenth Wisconsin Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations March 710. No. 267.Col. Charles L. Upham, Filteenth Connecticut Infantry, commanding Sec- ond Brigade, of operations March 7-10. No. 265.Col. Charles L. Upham, Fifteenth Connecticut Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 269.Lieut. Col. Henry Splaine, Seventeenth Massachusetts Infantry, command- ing Third Brigade, of operations March 810. No. 270.Maj. Gen. John G. Foster, U. S. Army, commanding Department of the South, of operations January 1February 1. No. 271.Maj. Gen. Quincy A. Gillmore, U. S. Army, commanding Department of the South, of operations February 9March 6. Page 16 16 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. No. 272.Brig. Gen. Alexander Schimmelfennig, U. S. Army, commanding Northern District, of operations January 1February 16. No. 273.Lieut. Col. Augustus G. Bennett, Twenty-first U. S. Colored Troops, of oper- ations February 18. No. 274.Bug. Gen. Edward E. Potter, U. S. Army, commanding Provisional Divis- ion, & c., of operations February 12-21 and April 121. No. 275.Col. Philip P. Brown, jr., One hundred and fifty-seventh New York Infan- try, commanding First Brigade, of operations April 525. No. 276.Col. Edward N. Hallowell, Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry, command- ing Second Brigade, of operations April 5-25. No. 277.Lient. Col. H. Northy looper, Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry, of operations April 525. No. 278.Col. Henry L. Chipman, One hundred and second U. S. Colored Troops, of operations April 1125. No. 279.Lient. Edmund C. Clark, Battery F, Third New York Light Artillery, of operations April 5-25. No. 280.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Alfred S. Hartwell, Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Infantry, of operations April 515. No. 281.Medals of Honor awarded for distinguished services under resolution of Congress, No. 43, approved July 12, 1862, and section 6 of Act of Con- gress approved March 3, 1863. No. 282.General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Armies of the Confederate States, of operations February 19March 21. No. 283.General G. T. Beauregard, C. S. Army, of operations January 29March 6. No. 284.General Joseph E. Johnston, C. S. Army, of operations February 23 March 27. No. 285.Organization of the Confederate Forces commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston. No. 286.Tabular statement of officers and men of the Confederate Army paroled at Greensborough, N. C., and other points, in accordance with the military convention of April 26, 1865. No. 287.Lieut. Gen. William J. Hardee, C. S. Army, of operations January 2 March 22. No. 288.General Braxton Bragg, C. S. Army, of operations February 21-March 15. No. 289.Itinerary of Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Cheathams corps. No. 290.Brig. Gen. William B. Taliaferro, C. S. Army, of operations March 15-16. No. 291.Maj. Gen. Daniel H. Hill, C. S. Army, of operations March 7-21. No. 292.Maj. Gen. Carter L. Stevenson, C. S. Army, of operations March 1921. No. 293.Col. Robert J. Henderson, Forty-second Georgia Infantry, commanding Cummings brigade, of operations March 20-21. No. 294.Brig. Gen. Edmund XV. Pettus, C. S. Army, of operations March 19. No. 295.Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Palmer, C. S. Army, of operations March 19. No. 296.Maj. Gen. Edward C. Walthall, C. S. Army, of operations March 19. No. 297.Brig. Gen. George D. Johnston, C. S. Army, commanding Quarles brigade, of operations March 19. No. 298.Col. Henry G. Bunn, Fourth Arkansas Infantry, commanding Reynolds brigade, of operations March 19. No. 299.Maj. Gen. William B. Bate, C. S. Army, of operations March 19. No. 300.Brig. Gen. James A. Smith, C. S. Army, commanding Cleburnes division, of operations March 19. No. 301.Brig. Gen. John D. Kennedy, C. S. Army, commanding Conners brigade, of operations March 19. No. 302.Brig. Gen. Zach. C. Deas, C. S. Army, of operations February 12. No. 303.Liout. Gen. Wade Hampton, C. S. Army, comnianding Cavalry, of oper- ations March 725 Page 17 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 17 No. 304.Lient. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, C. S. Army, commanding Cavalry Corps, of operations January 3April 15. No. 305.Capt. William L. Church, Ninth Georgia Cavalry, commanding Mounted Detachment, Army of Northern Virginia, of operations January 317. No. 306.Col. John N. Whitford, Sixty-seventh North Carolina Infantry, command- ing brigade, of operations April 57. No. 307.Capt. John A. Simon, C. S. Army, of operations January 15. No. 1. Reports of Maj. Gen. William I. Sherman, U. S. Army, commanding Miilitary Division of the Mississippi. IIDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississippi, Goldsborough, N. 0., April 4, 18G5. GENERAL: I must now endeavor to group the events of the past three months connected with the armies under my command, in order that you may have as clear an understanding of the late campaign as the case admits of. The reports of the subordinate commanders will enable you to fill up the picture. I have heretofore explained how, in the progress of our arms, I was enabled to leave in the West an army under MajJ Gen. George II. Thomas, of sufficient strength to meet emergencies in that quarter, while in person I conducted another army, composed of the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seven- teenth, and Twentieth Corps, and Kilpatricks division of cavalry, to the Atlantic slope, aiming to al)proach tbe grand theater of war in Vir- ginia by the time the season would admit of military operations in that latitude. The first lodgment on the coast was made at Savannah, strongly fortified and armed, and valuable to us as a good sea-port with its navigable stream inland. Near a month was consumed there in refitting the army, and in making the proper disposition of captured property, and other local matters; but by the 15th of January I was all ready to resume the march. Preliminary to this, General Howard, commanding the Right Wing, was ordered to embark his command at Thunderbolt, transport it to Beaufort, S. C., and thence by the 15th of January make a lodgmeut on the QharXe~ton raiXroa~X, at or near ~Po~o- taligo. This was accomplished punctually, at little cost, by the Seven- teenth Corps, Majorilleneral Blair, and a depot for supplies was estab- lished near the mouth of Pocotaligo Creek wit cation back to Hilton Head. , h easy water commnuni- The Left Wing, Major-General Slocum, and the cavalry, Major General Kilpatrick, were ordered to rendezvous about the same time near Rob- ertsville and Coosawhatchie, S. C., with a depot of supplies at Purys- burg, or Sisters Ferry, on the Savannah River. General Slocnm had a good pontoon bridge constructed opposite the city, and the Union Causeway leading through the low rice-fields opposite Savannah was repaired and corduroyed, but before the time appointed to start the heavy rains of January had swelled the river, broken the pontoon bridge, and overflowed the whole bottom, so that tLe causeway was four feet under water, amid General Slocum was compelled to look higher up for a passage over the Savannah River. He moved up to Sisters Ferry, but even there the river with its overflowed bottoms was near three miles wide, and he did not succeed iii getting his whole wing across until during the first week of February. 2 R RVOL XLVIII ~ Page 18 18 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. In the meantime General Grant had sent me Grovers division, of the Nineteenth Corps, to garrison Savannah, and had drawn the Twenty- third Corps, Major-General Schofield, from Tennessee, and sent it to re-enforce the commands of Major-Generals Terry and Palmer, opera- ting on the coast of North Carolina, to prepare the war for my coming. On the 18th of Jaiiuary I transferred the forts and city of Savannah to Major-General Foster, commanding the Department of the South, imparted to him my plans of operation, and instrncted him how to follow my movements inland by occnpying in succession the city of Charlestoii aiid such other points along the sea-coast as wonld be of any military value to mis. The combined naval and land forces under Admiral Porter and General Terry had on the 15th of January captured Fort Fisher and the rebel forts at the mouth of Cape Fear River, giving me an additional point of security on the sea-coast. But I had already resolved in my own mind, and had so advised General Grant, that I would undertake at one stride to make Goldsborough, and open com- munication with the sea by the New Berne railroad, and had ordered Col. W. W. Wright, superintendent of military railroads, to proceed in advance to New Berne, and to be prepared to extend the railroad out from New Berne to Goldsborough by the 15th of March. On the 19th of January all preparations were complete and the orders of march given. My chief quartermaster and commissary, Generals Easton and Beckwith, were ordered to complete the supplies at Sisters Ferry and Pocotaligo, and then to follow our movement coastwise, look- ing for my arrival at Goldsborough, N. C., about March 15, and open- ing communication with me from Morehead City. On the 22d of January I embarked at Savannah for Hilton Head, where I held a conference with Admiral Dahigren, U. S. Navy, and Major-General Foster. commanding the D epartmemit of the South, and next day proceeded to Beaufort, riding out thence on the 24th to Po- cotaligo, where the Seventeenth Corps, Major-General Blair, was en- camped. The Fifteenth Corps was somewhat scatteredWoods and Hazens divisions at Beaufort, John E. Smith marching from Savannah by the coast road, and Corse still at Savannah, cut off by the storms and freshet in the river. On the 25th a demonstration was made against the Combahee Ferry and railroad bridge across the Salkehatchie, merely to amuse the enemy, who had evidently adopted that river as his defensive line against our supposed objective, the city of Charles. ton. I reconnoitered the line in person, and saw that the heavy rains had swollen the river so that water stood in the swamps for a breadth of more than a mile, at a depth of from one to twenty feet. Not having the remotest intention of approaching Charleston, a comparatively small force was able, by seeming preparations to cross over, to keep in their front a considerable force of the enemy disposed to contest our advance on Charleston. On the 27th I rode to the camp of General Hatchs division, of Fosters commuand, on the Tullifinny and Coosawhatchie Rivers, and directed those places to be evacuated, as no longer of any use to us. That division was then moved to Pocotaligo to keep np the feints already begun, until we should with the Right Wing move higher up and cross the Salkehatchie about Rivers or Broxtons Bridge. On the 29th I learned that the roads back of Savannah had at last become sufficiently free of the flood to admit of General Slocum put- ting his wing in motion, and that he was already approaching Sisters Ferry, whither a gun-boat, the Pontiac, Captain Luce, kindly furnished by Admiral Dahlgrer, nad preceded him to cover the crossing. In the meantime three divisions of the Fifteenth Corps had closed up at Poc Page 19 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 19 taligo, and the Right Wing had loaded its wagons and was ready to start. I therefore directed General Howard to move one corps, the Seventeenth, a long the Salkehatchie, as high up as Rivers Bridge, and the other, the Fifteenth by Hickory Hill, Lopers Cross-Roads, Angleys Post-Office, and Bufords Bridge. Hatchs division was ordered to remain at Pocotaligo, feigning at the Salkehatchie railroad bridge and ferry, until our moveineiit turned the enemys position and forced him to fall behind the Edisto. The Seventeenth and Fifteenth Corps drew out of camp on the 31st of Jannary, but the real march began on the 1st of February. All the roads northward had for weeks been held by Wheelers cavalry, who had, by details of negro laborers, felled trees, burned bridges, and made obstructions to impede our march. But so well organized were our pioneer battalions, and so strong and intelligent our men, that obstructions seemed only to qnicken their progress. Felled trees were removed and bridges rebuilt by the heads of columns before the rear could close up. On the 2d of February the Fifteenth Corps reached Lopers Cross-Roads, and the Seventeenth was at Rivers Bridge. From Lopers Cross-Roads I communicated with General Slocum, still struggling with the floods of the Savannah River at Sisters Ferry. He had two divisions of the Twentieth Corps, General Williams, on the east bank, and was enabled to cross over on his pontoons the cav- alry of Kilpatrick. General Williams was ordered to Bufords Bridge by way of Lawtonville and Allendale; Kilpatrick to Blackville via Baruwell, and General Slocum to harry the crossing at Sisters Ferry as much as possible, and overtake the Right Wing on the South Caro- lina Railroad. General Howard~ with the Right Wing, was directed to cross the Salkehatchie and push rapidly for the South Carolina Railroad at or near Midway. The enemy held the line of the Salke- hatchie in force, having infantry and artillery intrenched at Rivers and Bufords Bridges. The Seventeenth Corps was ordered to carry Rivers Bridge and the Fifteenth Corps Bufords Bridge. The former position wa~ carried promptly and skillfully by Mowers and Giles A. Smiths divisions, of the Seventeenth Corps, on the 3d of February, by crossing the swamp, nearly three miles wide, with water varying from knee to shoulder deep. The weather was bitter cold, and Generals Mower and Smith led their divisions in person, on foot, waded the swamp, made a lodgment below the bridge, and turned on the rebel brigade which guarded it, driving it in confusion and disorder toward Branchville. Our casualties were 1 officer and 17 men killed, and 70 men wounded, who were sent to Pocotahigo. The line of the Salkehatchie being thus broken, the enemy retreated at once behind the Edisto at Branchville, a~nd the whole armny was pushed rapidly to the South Carolina Railroad at Midway, Bamnberg (or Low- rys Station), and Grahams Station. The Sevemmteenth Corps, by threatening Branchville, forced the enemy to burn the railroad bridge and Walkers Bridge below, across the Edisto. All hands were at once set to work to destroy the railroad track. From the 7th to the 10th of February this work was thoroughly prosecuted by the Seventeenth Corps, from the Edisto up to Bamberg, and by the Fifteenth Corps from Bamberg up to Blackvihle. In the meantime General Kilpatrick had brought his cavalry rapidly by Barawell to Blackville, and had turned toward Aiken, with orders to threaten Augusta, but not to be drawn needlessly into a serious battle. This he skillfully accomplished, skirmishing heavily with Wheelers cavalry, first at Blackville and ~ftcrward ~t Williston and Aiken, Gener~d Williams, with two divis Page 20 20 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. ions of the Twentieth Corps, marched to the South Carolina Railroad at Grahams Station on the 8th, and General Slocum reached Black- yule on the 10th. The destruction of the railroad was continued by the Left Wing from Blackville up to Windsor. By the 11th of Febru- ary alL the army was on the railroad from Midway to Johnsons Sta- tion, thereby dividing the enemys forces, which still remained at Branchyille and Charleston on the one hand Aiken and Augusta on the other. We then began the movement on Orangeburg. The Seventeenth Corps crossed the South Fork of Edisto River at Binnakers Bridge, and moved straight for Orangeburg, while the Fifteenth Corps crossed at ilolmans Bridge and moved to Poplar Springs in support. The Left Wing and cavalrywere still at work on the railroad, with orders to cross the South Edisto at New and Guignards Bridges, move to the Orange- burg and Edgefield road, and there await the result of the attack on Orangeburg. On the 12th the Seventeenth Corps found the enemy intrenched in front of the Orangeburg bridge, but swept him away by a dash, and followed him, forcing him across the bridge, which was par- tially burned. Behind the bridge was a battery in position, covered by a cotton and earth parapet, with wings as far as could be seen. General Blair held one division (Giles A. Smiths) close up to the Edisto, and moved the other two to a point about two miles below, where he crossed Forces division by a pontoon bridge, holding Mowers in support. As soon as Force emerged from the swamp the enemy gave ground, and Giles Smiths division gained the bridge, crossed over, and occupied the enemys parapet. He soon repaired the bridge, and by 4 p. m. the whole corps was in Orangeburg and had begun the work of destruction on the railroad. Blair was ordered to destroy this railroad effectually up to Lewisyille, and to push the enemy across the Congaree and force him to burn the bridges, which he did on the 14th; and without wasting time or labor on Branchville or Charleston, which I knew the enemy could no longer hold, I turned all the columlis straight on Columbia. The Seventeenth Corps followed the State road, and the Fifteenth crossed the North Edisto from Poplar Springs at Shillings Bridge, above the mouth of Caw Caw Swamp~~ creek, and took a country road which came into the State road at Zeiglers. On the 15th the Fifteenth Corps found the enemy in a strong position at Little Congaree bridge (across Congaree Creek) with a tete-de-pont on the south side, and a well-constructed fort on the north side, commanding the bridge with artillery. The ground in front was very bad, level, and clear, with a fresh deposit of mud from a recent overflow. General Charles R. Woods, who commanded the leading division, succeeded, however, in turning the flank of the tete-de- pout by sending Stones brigade through & a cypress swamp to the left, and following up the retreating enemy promptly he got possession of the bridge and the fort beyond. The bridge had been partially damaged by fire, and had to be repaired for the passage of artillery, so that night closed in before the head of the column could reach time bridge across Congaree River in fromit of Columbia. That night the enemy shelled our camps from a battery on the east side of the Congaree, above Granby. Early next morning (February 16) the head of columnn reached the bank of the Cougaree, opposite Columbia, but too late to save the fine bridge which spanned the river at that point. It was burned by the enemy. While waiting for the pontoons to come to the front we could seepeople running about the streets of Columbia, and occasionally small bodies of cavalry, but no umasses. A single gun of Captain IDe Gress battery was firing a Page 21 ChAP. LIX.1 THE CAMPAIGN OF TIlE CAHOLINAS. 21. their cavalry squads, but I checked his firing, limiting him to a few shots at the unfinished State-house walls, and a few shells at the rail- road depot to scatter the people who were seeii carrying away sacks of corn and meal that we needed. There was no white flag or manifesta- tion of surrender. 1 directed General Howard not to cross directly in front of Columbia, but to cross the Sahida at the factory, three miles above, and afterward Broad River, so as to approach Columbia fromthe north. Within an hour of the arrival of General Howards head of column at the river opposite Columbia, the head of column of the Left Wing also appeared, and I directed General Slocum to cross the Saluda at Zion Church, and thence to take roads direct to Winnsborough, breaking up, en route, the railroads and bridges about Alston. General Howard effected a crossing of the Saluda, near the factory, on the 16th, skirmishing with cavalry, and the same night made a fly- ing bridge across Broad River, about three miles above Columbia, by which he crossed over Stones brigade, of Woods division, Fifteenth Corps. Under cover of this brigade a pontoon bridge was laid on the morning of the 17th. I was in person at this bridge, and at 11 a. m. learned that the mayor of Columbia had come out in a carriage and made a formal surrender of the city to Colonel Stone, Twenty-fifth Iowa infantry, commanding Third Brigade, First Division, Fifteenth Corps. About the same time a small party of the Seventeenth Corps had crossed the Congaree in a skiff; and entered Columbia from a point immediately west. In anticipation of the occupation of the city I had made written orders to General Howard touching the conduct of the troops. These were to destroy absolutely all arsenals and public prop-~ erty not needed for our own use, as well as all railroads, depots, and machinery useful in war to an enemy, but to spare all dwellings, col- leges, schools, asylums, and harmless private property. I was the first to cross the pontoon bridge, and in company with General Howard rode into the city. The day was clear, but a perfect tempest of wind was raging. The brigade of Colonel Stone was already in the city, and was properly posted. Citizens and soldiers were on the streets, and general good order prevailed. General Wade Hampton, who commanded the Confederate rear guard of cavalry, had, in anticipation of our capture of Columbia, ordered that all cotton, public and private, should be moved into the streets and fired, to prevent our making use of it. Bales were piled everywhere, the rope and bagging cut, and tufts of cotton were blown about in the wind, lodged in the trees and against houses, so as to resemble a snow-storm. Some of these piles of cotton were burning, especially one in the very heart of the city, near the court-house, but the fire was partially subdued by the labor of our soldiers. During the day the Fifteenth Corps passed through Columbia and out on time Camden road. The Seventeenth did not enter the town at all; and, as Ihavebefore stated,theLeft Wing and cavalry did not come within two miles of the town. Before one single public building had been fired by order, the smoul- dering fires, set by Hamptons order, were rekindled by the wind, and communicated to the buildings around. About dark they began to spread, and got beyond the control of the brigade on duty within the city. The whole of Woods division was brought in, but it was found impossible to check the dames which, by midnight, had become unman- ageable, and raged until about 4 a. in., when the wind subsiding they were got under control. I was up nearly all night, and saw Generals Howard, Logan, Woods, and others, laboring to save houses and pro- tect families thus suddenly deprived of shelter, and even of bedding Page 22 22 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [GnAT. tIX.~ and wearing apparel. I disclaim on the part of my army any agency in this fire, but, on the contrary, claim that we saved what of Columbia remains unconsumed. And without hesitation I charge General Wade Hampton with having burned his own city of Columbia, not with a malicious intent, or as the manifestation of a silly Roman ~ but from folly and want of sense, in filling it with lint, cotton, and tin- der. Our officers and men on duty worked well to extinguish the flames; but others not on duty, including the officers who had long beeu imprisoned there, rescued by us, may have assisted in spreading the fire after it had once begun. and may have indulged in unconcealedjoy to see the ruin of the capital of South Carolina. During the 18th and 19th the arsenal, rail road depots, machine shops, foundries, and other buildings were properly destroyed by detailed working parties, and the railroad track torn up and destroyed down to Kingsville and the Wateree bridge, and up in the direction of Winusborough. At the same time the Left Wing and cavalry had crossed the Saluda an(l Broad Rivers, breaking up railroad about Aiston, and as high up as the bridge across Broad River on the Spartanburg road, the main body moving straight for Winnsborough, which General Slocum reached on the 21st of February. He caused the railroad to be destroyed up to Black Stocks Depot, and then turned to Rocky Mount, on the Catawba River. The Twentieth Corps reached Rocky Mount on the 22d, laid a pontoon bridge, and crossed over during the 23d. Kilpatricks cavalry followed, and crossed over in a terrible rain during the night of the 23d, and moved up to Lancaster, with orders to keep up the delusion of a general movement on Charlotte, N. C., to which General Beaure- gard and all the cavalry of the enemy had retreated from Columbia. I was also aware that Cheathams corps, of Hoods old army, was aim- ing to make a junction with Beauregard at Charlotte, having been cut. off by our rapid movements on Columbia and Winusborougli. From the 23d to the 26th we had heavy rains, swelling the rivers and making the roads almost impassable. The Twentieth Corps reached Hanging Rock on the 26th, and waited there for the Fourteenth Corps to get across the Catawba. The heavy rains had so swollen the river that the pontoon bridge broke, and General Davis had very hard work to re- store it and get his command across. At last he succeeded, and the Left Wing was all put in motion for Cheraw. In the meantime the Right Wing had broken up the railroad to Winnsborough, and thence turned for Peays Ferry, where it was crossed over the Catawba before the heavy rains set in, the Seventeenth Corps moving straight on Cheraw via Youngs Bridge, and the Fifteenth Corps by Tillers and Kellys Bridges. From this latter corps detachments were sent into Camden to burn the bridge over the Wateree, with the railroad depot, stores, & c. A small force of mounted men under Cap- tam Duncan was also dispatched to make a dash and interrupt the railroad from Charleston to Florence, but it met Butlers division of cavalry, and after a sharp night skirmish on Mount Elon was compelled to return unsuccessful. Much bad road was encountered at Lynchs Creek, which delayed the Right Wing about the same length of time as the Left Wing had been at the Catawba. On the 2d of March the leading division of the Twentieth Corps entered Chesterfield, skirmishing with Butlers division of cavalry, and the next day about noon the Seventeenth Corps entered Cheraw,the enemy retreating across the Pedee, and burning the bridge at that point. At Cheraw we found much ammunition and many guns which had been brought from Charleston on the evacuation of that city. These were Page 23 CHA?. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF TLIt~ CAI~OLINA~. dcstroyed, as also the railroad trestles and bridges down as far as Dar- lington. An expedition of mounted infantry was also sent down to Flor- ence, but it encountered both cavalry and infantry, and returned, hay- ing only broken up in part the branch road from Florence to Cheraw. Without unnecessary delay the colninus were again put in motion, directed on Fayetteville, N. C., the liight Wing crossing the Pedee at Cheraw, and the Left Wing and cavalry at Sneedsborough. General Kilpatrick was ordered to keep well on the left flank, a~nd the Four- teenth Corps, moving by Loves Bridge, was given the right to enter and occupy Fayetteville first. The weather continued unfavorable and roa(15 bad, but the Fourteenth and Seventeenth Corps reached Fayette- yule on the 11th of March, skirmishing with Wade Hamptons cavalry, that covered the rear of Hardees retreating army, which, as usual, had crossed Cape Fear Ri~er, burning the bridge. During the march from the Pedee General Kilpatrick had kept his cavalry well on the left and expose(l flank. During the night of the 9th of March his three brigades were divided to picket the roads. General Hampton detecting this dashed in at daylight and gained possession of the camp of Colonel Spencers brigade, and the house in which General Kilpatrick and Colonel Spencer had their quarters. The surprise was complete, but General Kilpatrick quickly succeeded in rallying his men, on foot, in a swamp near by, and by a promI)t attack, well followed up, regained his artil- lery, horses, camp, and everything save some prisoners whom the enemy carried off, leaving their dead on the ground. The 12th, 13th, and 14th were passed at Fayetteville, destroying absolutely the U. S. Arsenal and the vast amount of machinery which had formerly belonged to the old Harpers Ferry U. S. Arsenal. 13~very building was knocked down and burned, and every piece of machinery utterly broken up and mined by the First Regiment Michigan Engi- neers, under the immediate supervision of Col. 0. M. Poe, chief engi. neer. Much valuable property of great nse to an enemy was here destroyed or cast into the river. Up to this period I had perfectly succeeded in interposing my supe- rior army between the scattered parts of my enemy. But I was then aware that the fragments that had left Columbia under Beauregard had been re-enforced by Cheathams corps from the West and the garrison of Augusta, and that ample time had been given to move them to my front and flank about Raleigh. Hardee had also succeeded in getting across Cape Fear River ahead of me, and could therefore complete the junction with the other armies of Johnston and iloke, in North Caro- lina. And the whole, under the command of the skillful and experi- enced Joe Johnston, made up an army superior to me in cavalry, and formidable enough in artillery and infantry to justify me in extreme caution in making the last step necessary to complete the march 1 had undertaken. Previous to reaching Fayetteville I had dispatched to Wilmington from Laurel Hill Church two of our best scouts with intelli- gence of our position and my general plans. Both of these messengers reached Wilmington, and, on the morning of the 12th of March, the army tug Davidson, Captain Ainsworth, reached Fayetteville from Wilmington, bringing me full ~ntelligence of events from the outer world. On the same day this tug carried back to General Terry, at Wilmington, and General schofield, at New Berne, my dispatches to the effect that, on Wednesday, the 15th, we would move for Goldsboroagh, feigning on Raleigh, and ordering them to march straight for Golds- borongh, which I expected to reach about the 20th. The same day the gun-boat Eolus, Captain Young, U. S. Navy, also reached Fayetteville Page 24 24 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. CHAP. LIX. and through her I continued to have communication with Wilmington until the day of our actual departure. While the work of destruction was going on at Fayetteville, two pon toon bridges were laid across Cape Fear River, one opposite the town, the other three miles below. General Kilpatrick was ordered to move up the plank road to and beyond Averasborough. He was to be followed by four divisions of the Left Wing, with as few wagons as possible; the rest of the train, under escort of the two remaining divisions of that wing, to take a shorter and more direct road to Goldsborough. In like manner Gen- eral Howard was ordered to send his trains, under good escort, well to the right, toward Faisons Depot and Goldsborough, and to hold four divisions, light, ready to go to the aid of the Left Wing if attacked while in motion. The weather continued very bad, and the roads had become mere quagmire. Almost every foot of it had to be corduroyed to admit the passage of wheels. Still, time was so important that punc- tually, according to order, the columns moved out from Cape Fear River on Wednesday, the 15th of March. I accompanied General Slocum, who, preceded by Kilpatricks cavalry, moved up the river or plank road that day to Kyles Landing, Kilpatrick skirmishing heavily with the enemys rear guard about three miles beyond, near Taylors Hole Creek. At General Kilpatricks request General Slocum sent forward a brigade of infantry to hold a line of barricades. Next morning the column advanced in the same order, and developed the enemy, with artillery, infantry, and cavalry, in an intrenched position in front of the point where the road branches oft toward Goldsborough through Bentonville. On an inspection of the map it was manifest that Hardee, in retreating from Fayetteville, had halted in the narrow, swampy neck between Cape Fear and South Rivers, in hopes to hold me to save time for the concentration of Johnstons armies at some point to his rear, namely, Raleigh, Smithfield, or Goldsborough. Hardees force was estimated at 20,000 men. It was necessary to dislodge him that we might have the use of the Goldsborongh road, as also to keep up the feint on Raleigh as long as possible. General Slocum was, therefore, ordered to press and carry the position, only difficult by reason of the nature of the ground, which was so soft that horses would sink every- where, and even men could hardly make their way over the common pine barren. The Twentieth Corps, General Williams, had the lead, and Wards division the advance. This was deployed, and the skirmish line devel- oped the position of a brigade of Charleston heavy artillery armed as infantry (Rhetts) posted across the road behind a light parapet, with a battery of guns enfilading the approach across a cleared field. Gen- eral Williams sent a brigade (Cases) by a circuit to his left that turned this line, and by a quick chargebroke the brigade, which rapidlyretreated back to a second line better built and more strongly held. A battery of artillery (Winegars) well posted, under the immediate direction of Major Reynolds, chief of artillery of Twentieth Corps, did good execu- tion on the retreating brigade, and on advancing Wards division over this ground General Williams captured 3 guns and 217 prisoners, of which 68 were wounded and left in a house near by with a rebel officer, four men, and five days rations. One hundred and eight rebel dead were buried by us. As Wards division advanced he developed a sec- ond and stronger line, when Jacksons division was deployed forward on the right of Ward, and the two divisions of Jeff. C. Davis (Four- teenth) corps on the left, well toward the Cape Fear. At the same time Kilpatrick, who was acting in concert with General Williams Page 25 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 25 was ordered to draw back his cavalry and mass it on the extreme right, and, in concert with Jacksons right, to feel forward for the Goldsborough road. He got a brigade on the road, but it was attacked by McLaws rebel division furiously, and though it fought well and hard the brigade drew back to the flaiik of the infantry. The whole line advanced late in the afternoon, drove the enemy well within his intrenched line, and pressed him so hard that next morning he was gone, having retreated in a miserable stormy night over the worst of roads. Wards division of infantry followed to and through Averas- borough, developing the fact that Hardee had retreated, not on Raleigh but on Smithfield. I had the night before directed Kilpatrick to cross South River at a mill-dam to our right rear and move up on the east side toward Elevation. General Slocum reports his aggregate loss in this affair, known as that of Averasborough, at 12 officers and 65 men killed and 477 wounded.* We lost no prisoners. The enemys loss can be inferred from his dead (108) left for us to bury. Leaving Wards division to keep up a show of pursuit, Slocums column was turned to the right, built a bridge across the swollen South River, and took the Goldsborough road, Kilpatrick crossing to the north in the direction of Elevation, with orders to move eastward, watching that flank. In the meantime the wagon trains and guards, as also Howards column, were wallowing along the miry roads toward Bentonville and Goldsborough. The enemys infantry, as before stated, had retreated on Smithfield, and his cavalry retreated across our front in the same direction, burn- ing the bridges across Mill Creek. I continued with the head of Sb- cums column and camped the night of the 18th with him on the Golds- borough road, twenty-seven miles from Goldsborough, about five miles from Bentonville, and where the road from Clinton to Smithfield crosses the Goldsborough road. Howard was at Lees Store, only two miles south, and both columns had pickets three miles forward to where the two roads came together and became common to Goldsborough. All the signs induced me to believe that the enemy would make no further opposition to our progress, and would not attempt to strike us in flank while in motion. I therefore directed Howard to move his Right Wing by the new Goldsborough road, which goes by way of Falling Creek Church. I also left Sbocum and joined Howards column with a view to open commnunication with General Schofield, coming up from New Berne, and Terry from Wilmington. I found General How- ~ column well strung out, owing to the verybad roads, and did not overtake him in person until he had reached Falling Creek Church, with one regiment forward to the cross-roads near Coxs Bridge across the Keuse. I had gone from General Slocum about six miles when 1. heard artillery in his direction, but was soon made easy by one of his staff officers overtaking me, explaining that his leading division (Carlins) had encountered a division of rebel cavalry (Dibrells), which he was driving easily. But soon other staff officers came up, reporting that he had developed near Bentonville the whole of the rebel armny under General Johnston himself. I sent him orders to call up the two divisions guarding his wagon trains, and Hazen~s division of the Fif- teenth Corps, still back near Lees Store, to fight defensively until I could draw up Blairs corps, then near Mount Olive Station, and with the remaining three divisions of the Fifteenth Corps come up on John- stons left rear from the direction of Coxs Bridge. In the meantime, while on the road, I received couriers from both Generals Schofield and * But see revised table, p. 66 Page 26 26 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [C1~xr. LIX. Terry. The former reported himselC in possession of Kinston, delayed somewhat by want of provisions, but able to march so as to make Goldsborough on the 21st; and Terry was at or near Faisons Depot. Orders were at once dispatched to Schofield to push for Goldsborough and to make dispositions to cross Little River in the direction of Smith- field, as far as Millard; to General Terry to move to Coxs Bridge, lay a pontoon bridge, and establish a crossing; and to Blair to make a night march to Falling Creek Church; and at daylight the Right Wing, General Howard, less the necessary wagon guards, was put in rapid motion on Bentonville. By subsequent reports I learned that General Slocums head of column had advanced from its camp of March 18, and first encountered Dibrells cavalry, but soon found his progress impeded by infantry and artillery. The enemy attacked his head of column, gaining a temporary advantage, and took three guns and caissons of General Carlins division, driving the two leading brigades back on the main body. As soon as General Slocum realized that he had in his front the whole Confederate army he promptly deployed the two divis. ions of the Fourteenth Corps, General Davis, and rapidly brought up on their left the two divisions of the Twentieth Corps, General Wil- liams. These he arranged on the defensive, and hastily prepared a line of barricades. General Kilpatrick also came up at the sound of artillery and massed on the left. In this position the Left Wing received six distinct assaults by the combined forces of Hoke, ilardee, and Cheatham, under the immediate command of General Johnston himself, without giving an inch of ground, and doing good execution on the enemys ranks, especially with our artillery, the enemy having little or none. Johnston had moved by night from Smithfield with great rapidity, and without unnecessary wheels, intending to overwhelm my left flank before it could be relieved by its co-operating columns. But he reck- oned without his host. I had expected just such a movement all the way from Fayetteville, and was prepared for it. l)uring the night of the 19th General Slocum got up his wagon train with its guard of two divisions, and Hazens division of the Fifteenth Corps, which re-en- forceinent enabled him to make his position impregnable. The Right Wing found rebel cavalry watching its approach, but unableto offer any serious opposition nutil our head of column encountered a consider- able body behind a barricade at the forksof the road near Bentonville, about three miles east of the battle-field of the day before. This body of cavalry was, however, quickly dislodged, and the intersection of the roads secured. On moving forward the Fifteenth Corps, General Logan found that the enemy had thrown back his left flank, and had constructed a line of parapet connecting with that toward General Slocum, in the form of a bastioii~ its salient on the main Goidsborough road interposing between General Slocum on the west and General Howard on the east, while the flanks rested on Mill Creek, covering the road back to Smithfield. General Howard was instructed to pro- ceed with due caution until he had made strong connection on his left with General Slocum. This he soon accomplished, and by 4 p. in. of the 20th a complete and strong line of battle confronted the enemy in his intrenched position, and General Johnston, instead of catching us in detail, was on the defensive, with Mill Creek and a single bridge to his rear. Nevertheless, we had no object to accomplish by a battle, unless at an advantage, and therefore my general instructions were to press steadily with skirmishers alone, to use artillery pretty freely on the wooded space held by the enemy, and to feel pretty strongly th Page 27 CHAP. LIX.J THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINA~. 27 flanks of his position, which were, as usual, covered by the endless swamps of this region of country. I also ordered all empty wagons to be sent at once to Kinston for supplies, and other impediments to be grouped near the Keuse, south of Goldsborough, holding the real army in close contact with the enemy, ready to fight him if he ventured out- side his parapets and swampy obstructions. Thus matters stood about Bentonville on the 21st of March. On the same day General Schofield entered Goldsborough with little or no opposition, and General Terry had got possession of the Neuse River at Coxs Bridge, ten miles above, with a pontoon bridge laid and a bri- gade across, so that the three armies were in actual connection, and the great object of the campaign was accomplished. On the 21st a steady rain prevailed, during which General Mowers division, of the Seventeenth Corps, on the extreme right, had worked well to the right around the enemys flank, and had nearly reached the bridge across Mill Creek, the only line of retreat open to the enemy. Of course there was extreme danger that the enemy would turn on him all his reserves, aimd, it might be, let go his parapets to overwhelm Mower. Accordingly I ordered at omice a general attack by our skir- mish line from left to right. Quite a noisy battle ensued, during which General Mower was enabled to regain his connection with his own corps by moving to his left rear. Still he had (leveloped a weakness in the enemys position of which advantage might have been taken; but that night the enemy retreated on Smithfield, leaving his pickets to fall into our hands, with many dead unburied, and wounded in his field hos- pitals. At daybreak of the 22d pursuit was made two miles beyond Mill Creek, but checked by my order. General Johnston had utterly failed in his attempt, and we remained in full possession of the field of battle. General Slocum reports the losses of the Left Wing about Bentonville at 9 officers and 145 men killed, 51 officers and 816 men wounded, and 3 officers and 223 men missing, taken prisoners by the enemy; total, 1, 196.~ He buried on the field 167 rebel dead, and took 338 prisoners. General Howard reports the losses of the Right Wing at 2 officers and 35 men killed, 12 officers and 289 iien wounded, and 1 officer and 60 men missing; total, 399.1 He also buried 100 rebel dead and took 1,287 prisoners. The cavalry of Kilpatrick was held in reserve, and lost but few, if any, of which I have no report as yet. Our aggregate loss at Benton- ville was 1,5954 I am well satisfied that the enemy lost heavily, especially during his assaults on the Left Wing during the afternoon of the 19th; but as I have no data save his dead and wounded left in our hands I prefer to make no comparisons. Thus, as I have endeavored to explain, we had completed our march on the 21st, and had frill possession of Goldsborough, the real objective, with its two railroads back to the sea-ports of Wilmington and Beanfort, N. C. These were being rapidly repaired by strong working parties directed by Col. W. W. Wright, of the railroad department. A large amount of supplies had already been brought forward to Kinston, to which place our wagons had been sent to receive them. I therefore directed General floward and the cavalry to remain at Bentonville during the 22d, to bury the dead and remove the wounded, and on the * But see revised table, p. 75. tBut see revised table, p. 71. ~ But see revised table, p. 76 Page 28 28 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. following day all the armies to move to the camps assigned them about Goldsborough, there to rest and receive the clothing and supplies of which they stood in need. In person I went on the 22d to Coxs Bridge to meet General Tecry, whom I met for the first time, and on the following day rode into Goldsborough, where I found General Schofield and his army. The Left Wing came in during the same day and next morning, and the Right Wing followed on the 24th, on which day the cavalry moved to Mount Olive Station and General Terry back to Faisons. On the 25th the New Berne railroad was finished and the first train of cars came in, thus giving us the means of bringing from the depot at Morehead City full supplies to the army. It was all-important that I should have an interview with the general- in-chief, and presuming that he could not at this time leave City Point, I left General Schofield in chief command and proceeded with all expe. dition by rail to Morehead City, and thence by steamer to City Point, reaching General Grants headquarters on the evening of the 27th of March. I had the good fortune to meet General Grant, the President, Generals Meade, Ord, and others of the Army of the Potomac, and soon learned the general state of the military world, from which I had been in a great measure cut off since January. Having completed all neces- sary business, I re-embarked on the navy steamer Bat, Captain Barnes, which Admiral Porter placed at my command, and returned via Hat. teras Inlet and New Berne, reaching my own headquarters in Golds- borough during the night of the 30th. During my absence full supplies of clothing and food had been brought to camp, and all things were working well. I have thus rapidly sketched the progress of our columns from Savan- nah to Goldsborough, but for more minute details must refer to the reports of subordinate commanders and of staff officers, which are not yet ready, but will in due season be forwarded and filed with this report. I cannot even with any degree of precision recapitulate the vast amount of injury done the enemy, or the quantity of guns and materials of war captured and destroyed. In general terms, we have traversed the country from Savannah to Goldsborough, with an average breadth of forty miles, consuming all the forage, cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry, cured meats, corn meal, & c. The public enemy, instead of drawing supplies from that region to feed his armies, will be compelled to send provisions from other quarters to feed the inhabitants. A map herewith,* prepared by my chief engineer, Colonel Poe, with the routes of the four corps and cavalry, will show at a glance the country traversed. Of course the abandonment to us by the enemy of the whole sea-coast from Savannah to New Berne, N. C., with its forts, dock-yards, gun-boats, & c., was a necessary incident to our occupation aiid destruction of- the inland routes of travel and supply. But the real object of this march was to place this army in a position easy of supply, whence it could take an apPropriate part in the spring and summer campaign of 1865. This was completely accomplished on the 21st ot March by the junction of the three armies and occupation of Goldsborough. In conclusion, I beg to express, in the most emphatic manner, my entire satisfactioii with the tone and temper of the whole army. Noth- ing seems to dampen their energy, zeal, or cheerfulness. It is impossible to conceive a march involving more labor and exposure, yet I cannot recall an instance of bad temper by the way, or hearing an expression of doubt as to our perfect success in the end. I believe that this * Embodied in Plate CXVII, Map 1 of the Atlas. The original is on file in the office of the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army Page 29 Ca& p. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 29 cheerfulness and harmony of action reflects upon all concerned quite as much real honor and fame as battles gained or cities won, and I therefore commend allgenerals, staff officers, and menfor these high qualities, in addition to the more soldierly ones of obedience to orders and the alacrity they have always manifested when danger summoned them to the front. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staft Washington Qity, D. C. HDQRs. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MIsSISsIPPI, In the Field, City Point, Va., May 9, 1865. GMjERAL: My last official report brought the -history of events, as connected with the armies in the field subject to my immediate com- mand, down to the istof April, when the Army of the Ohio, Maj. Gen. J.M. Schofield commanding, lay at Goldsborough with detachments distrib- uted so as to secure and cover our routes of communication and supply back to the sea at Wilmington and Morehead City; Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry, with the Tenth Corps, being at Faisons Depot; the Army of the Tennessee, Maj. Gen. 0. 0. Howard commanding, was encamped to the right and front of Goldsborongh, and the Army of Georgia, Maj Gem H. W. Slocnm commanding, to its left and front; the cavalry, Bvt. Maj. Gen. J. Kilpatrick commanding, at Mount Olive. All were busy in repairing the wear and tear of our then recent and hard march from Savannah, and in replenishing clothing and stores necessary for a further progress. I had previously, by letter and in person, notified the lieutenant- general commanding the Armies of the United States that the 10th of April would be the earliest possible moment at which I could hope to have all things in readiness, and we were compelled to use our railroads to the very highest possible limit in order to fulfill that promise. Owing to a mistake in the railroad department in sending locomotives and cars of the five-foot gange we were limited to the use of the few locomo- tives and cars of the four-foot-eight-and-a-half-inch gauge already in North Carolina, with such of the old stock as was captured by Major- General Terry at Wilmington and on his way up to Goldsborough Yet such judicious use was made of these, and such industry displayed in the railroad management by Generals Easton and Beckwith and Colonel Wright and Mr. Van Dyne, that by the 10th of April our men were all reclad, the wagons reloaded, and a fair amount of forage accumulated ahead - In the meantinie Maj. Gen. George Stonenian, in command of a division of cavalry operating from East Tennessee in connection with Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, in pursuance of my orders of January 21, 1865, had reached the railroad about Greensborongh, N. C., and had made sad havoc with it, and had pushed along it to Salisbury, destroy- ing en route bridges, culverts, depots, and all kinds of rebel supplies, and had extended the break in the railroad down to the Catawba bridge. This was fatal to the hostile armies of Lee and Johnston, who depended on that road for snpplies and as their ultimate line of retreat. Maj. Gen. J. H. Wilson~ also in command of the Cavalry Corps, organize Page 30 30 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. by himself under Special Field Orders, No. ~1O3], of October 24, 1864, at Gaylesville, Ala., had started from the neighborhood of Decatur and Florence, Ala., and moved straight into the heart of Alabama, on a route prescribed for General Thomas after he had defeated General Hood at Nashville, Tenn.; but the roads beiiig too heavy for infantry General Thomas had devolved that duty on that most energetic young cavalry officer, General Wilson, who, imbued with the proper spirit, has struck one of the best blows of the war at the waning strength of the Con- federacy. His route was one never before touched by our troops, and afforded him abundance of supplies as long as he was in motion, namely, by Tuscaloosa, Selma,M ontgomery, Columbus, and Macon. Though incom- munication with him, I have not been able to receive as yet his full and detailed reports, which will in due time be published and appreciated.* Lieutenant-General Grant, also in immeaiate command of the armies about iRichinond, had taken the initiative in that magnificent campaign which, iii less than ten days, compelled the evacuation of Richmond, and resulted in the destruction and surrender of the entire rebel.army of Virginia under command of General Lee. The news of the battles about Petersburg reached me at Goldsborough on the 6th of April. Up to that time my purpose was to move rapidly northward, feigmiing on Raleigh and striking straight for Burkeville, thereby interposing between Johimston and Lee. But the auspicious events in Virginia had changed the whole military problem, and in the expressive language of Lieutenant-General Grant, the Confederate armies of Lee and Johnston became the strategic points. General Grant was fully able to take care of the former, and my task was to capture or destroy the latter. Johustomi at that time, April 6, had his army well in hand about Smithfield, interposing between me and Raleigh. I estimated his infantry and artillery at 35,000, and his cav- alry from 6,000 to 10,000. He was superior to me in cavalry, so that I held General Kilpatrick in reserve at Mount Olive, with orders to recruit his horses and be ready to make a sudden and rapid march on the 10th of April. At daybreak of the day appointed all the heads of columns were in motion straight against the enemy, Ma,j. Gen. II. W. Slocum taking the two direct roads for Smithfield; Maj. Gen. 0.0. Howard making a cir- cuit by the right and feigning up the Weldon road to discon~ert the enemys cavalry; Generals Terry and Kilpatrick moving omi the west side of the Neuse River and aiming to reach the rear of the enemy between Smithfield and Raleigh; General Schofield followed General Slocum in support. All the columns met, within six miles of Goldsborough, more or less cavalry, with the usual rail barricades, which were swept before us as chaft and by 10 a. m. of the 11th the Fourteenth Corps entered Smith- field, the Twentieth Corps close at hand. Johnston had rapidly retreated across the Neuse River, and, having his railroad to lighten up his trains, could retreat faster than we could pursue. The rains had also set in, making the resort to corduroy absolutely necessary to pass even ambulances. The enemy had burned the bridge at Smithfield, and as soon as possible Major-General Slocum got up his pontoons and crossed over a division of the Fourteenth Corps. We there heard of the surrender of Lees army at Appomattox Court-House, Va., which was announced to the armies in orders, and created universal joy. Not an officer or soldier of my armies but expressed a pride and satisfaction For Wilsons report, ~ee Vol. XLIX, Part I Page 31 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 31 that it fell to the lot of the Armies of the Potomac and James so gloriously to overwhelm and capture the entire army that had held them so long in check, and their success gave new impulse to finish up Our task. Without a moments hesitation we dropped our trains and marched rapidly in pursuit to and through Raleigh, reaching that place at 7.30 a. m. of time 13th, in a heavy rain. The next day the cavalry pnshed oii through the rain to Durham Station, the Fifteenth Corps following as far as Morrisville Station, and the Seventeenth Corps to Jones Station. On the supposition that Johnston was tied to his rail- road as a line of retreat, by Hihisborough, Greensborough, Salisbury, Charlotte, & c., I had turned the other coinmus across the bend of that road toward Asliborough. (See Special Field Orders, No. 55.*) The cavalry, Bvt. Maj. Gen. J. Kilpatrick commanding, was ordered to keep up a show of pursuit toward the Companys Shops, in Alamance County; Maj. Gen. 0. 0. Howard to turn to the left by Hackneys Cross-Roads, P ittsborongh, Saint Lawremice, and Ashborough; Maj. Gen. H. W. Slocum to cross Cape Fear River at Avens Ferry, and move raj)idly by Carthage, Caledonia, and Coxs Mills; Maj. Gen. J. M. Scho- field was to hold Raleigh and the road back, and with his spare force to follow aim intermediate route. By the 15th, though the rains were incessant and the roads almuost impracticable. Major-General Slocum had the Fourteenth Corps, Brevet Major-General Davis comnrnanding, near Marthas Vineyard, with a pontoomi bridge laid across Cape Fear River at Avens Ferry, with the Twentieth Corps, Major-General Mower commanding, in support, and Major-General Howard had the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps stretched out on the roads toward Pittsborough, whilst General Ku- patrick held Durham Station and Chapel Hill University. Johnstons army -was retreating rapidly on the roads from Hills- borough to Greensborough, he himself at Greensborongh. Although out of place as to time, I here invite all military critics who study the problems of war to take their maps and compare the position of my army on the 15th and 16th of April, with that of General ilalleck about Burkeville and Petersburg, Va., on the 26th of April, when, according to his telegramn to Secretary Stanton, he offered to relieve me of the task of cutting off Johnstons retreat. t Major-General Stoneman at the time was at Statesville, and Johnstons only line of retreat was by Salisbury and Charlotte. It may be that General Hal- leeks troops can outmarch mine, but there is nothing in their past his- tory to show it, or it may be that General Halleck can inspire his troops with more energy of action. I doubt that also, save and except in this single instance, when he knew the enemny was ready to surremi- der or disperse, as advised by my letter of April 18, addressed to him when ~hief of staff at Washington City, and delivered into his hand4 on the 21st instant by Major Hitchcock, of my stafL Thus matters stood at the time I received General Johnstons first letter and mnade my answer of April 14, copies of which were sent with all expedition to Lieutenant-General Grant and the Secretary of War, with my letter of April 15. I agreed to meet General John- ston in person at a point intermediate between our pickets on the 17th at noon, provided the position of the troops remnained stata quo. I was both willing and anxious thus to comisurne a few days, as it would enable Colonel Wright to finish our railroad to Raleigh. * Part III. I See Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 954. ~ See Sherman to Rawhius, May 30, p. 42 Page 32 32 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Two bridges had to be built and twelve miles of new road made. We had no iron except by taking up that on the branch from Golds- borough to Weldon. Instead of losing by time I gained in every way, for every hour of delay possible was required to reconstruct the rail- road to our rear and improve the condition of our wagon roads to tlie front, so desirable in case the negotiations failed and we be forced to make the race of near 200 miles to head off or catch Johnstons army, then retreating toward Charlotte. At noon of the day appointed I met General Johnston for the first time in my life, although we had been interchanging shots constantly since May, 1863. Our interview was frank and soldier-like, and he gave me to under- stand that further war on the part of the Confederate troops was folly, that the cause was lost, and that every life sacrificed after the surren- der of Lees army was the highest possible crime. He admitted that the terms conceded to General Lee were magnanimous and all he could ask, but he did want some general concessions that would enable him to allay the natural fears and anxiety of his followers, and enable him to maintain his control over them until they could be got back to the neighborhood of their homes, thereby saving the State of North Caro- lina the devastations inevitably to result from turning his men loose and unprovided on the spot, and our pursuit across the State. He also wanted to embrace in the same general proposition the fate of all the Confederate armies that remained in existence. I never made any concession as to his own army, or assumed to deal finally and authoritatively in regard to any other, but it did seem to me that there was presented a chance for peace that might be deemed valuable to the Government of the United States, and was at least worth the few days that would be consumed in reference. To push an army whose commander had so frankly and honestly con- fessed his inability to cope with me were cowardly amid unworthy the brave men I led. Inasmuch as General Johnston did not feel authorized to pledge his power over the armies in Texas, we adjourned to meet the next day at noon. I returned to Raleigh and conferred freely with all my general officers, every one of whom urged me to conclude terms that might accomplish so complete and desirable an end. All dreaded the weary and laborious march after a fugitive and dissolving army back toward Georgia, almost over the very country where we had toiled so long. There was but one opinion expressed, and if contrary ones were enter- tained they were withheld, or indulged in only by that class who shun the fight and the march, but are loudest, bravest, and fiercest when danger is j)ast. I again met General Johnston on the 18th, and we renewed the conversation, He satisfied me then of his power to dh~- band the rebel armies in Alabama., Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, as well as those in his immediate command, namely, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and Georgia. The points on which he expressed especial solicitude were, lest their States were to be dismembered and denied representation in Congress, or any separate political existence whatever, and that the absolute disarming his men would leave the South powerless and exposed to depredations by wicked bands of assassins and robbers. President Lincolns message of 1864; his amnesty I)roclamation; General Grants terms to General Lee, substantially extending the benefits of that proclamation to all officers above the rank of colonel; the invitation to the Virginia legislature to reassemble in Richmond b Page 33 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 33 General Weitzel, with the approval of Mr. Lincoln and General Grant, then on the spot; a firm belief that I had been fighting to re-establish the Constitution of the United States; and last, and not least, the general and universal desire to close a war any longer without organ- ized resistance, were the leading facts that induced me to pen the memorandum of April 18, signed by myself and General Johnston. It was designed to be, and so expressed on its face, as a mere basis for reference to the President of the United States and constitutional commander-in-chief, to enable hiin, if he chose, at one blow to dissipate the military power of the Confederacy which had threatened the national safety for years. It admitted of modification, alteration, and change. It had no appearance of an ultimatum; and by no false reasoning can it be construed into an usurpation of power on my part. I have my opinions on the questions involved, and I will stand by the memorandum; but this forms no part of a military report. Immedi- ately on my return to Raleigh I dispatched one of my staff, Major Hitchcock, to Washington, enjoining him to be most prudent and care- ful tq avoid the spies arid informers that would be sure to infest him by the way, and to say nothing to anybody until the President could make known to me his wishes and policy in the matter. The news of President Lincolns assassination on the 14th of April (wrongly reported to me by telegraph as having occurred on the 11th) reached me on the 17th, and was announced to my command on the same day in Special Field Orders, No. 56.* I was duly impressed with its horrible atrocity and probable effect upon the country; but when the property and interests of millions still living were involved I saw no good reason to change my course, but thought rather to manifest real respect for his memory by following after his death that policy which, if living, I feel certain he would have approved, or at least not rejected with disdain. Up to that hour I had never received one word of instruction, advice, or counsel as to the plan or policy of Government looking to a res. toratron of peace on the part of the rebel States of the South. Whenever asked for an opinion on the points involved I had always evaded the subject. My letter to the mayor of Atlanta has been pub- lished to the world,t and I was not rebuked by the War iDepartmnent for it. My letter to Mr. N W, at Savannah, was shown by me to Mr. Stanton before its publication, and all that my memory retains of his answer is that he said, like my letters generally, it was sufficiently emphatic, and could not be misunderstood. Both these letters asserted my belief that, according to Mr. Lincolns proclamations and messages, when the people of the South had laid down their arms and submitted to the lawful power of the United States, ipso facto the war was over as to them; and furthermore, that if any State in rebellioii would conform to the Constitution of the United States, cease war, elect Senators and IRepresentatives to Congress, if admitted (of which each House of Congress alone is the judge), that State became instanter as much in the Union as New York or Ohio. Nor was I rebuked for this expression, though it was uni- versally known and commented on at the time. And again, Mr. Stan- ton, in person, at Savannah, speaking of the terrific expenses of the * See Part III. ,t See Vol. XXXIX, Part II, p.418. 3 U RYOL XLVII, PT Page 34 54 OPERATIONS IN N. C.~ S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX war and difficulty of realizing the money necessary for the daily wants of the Government, impressed me most forcibly with the necessity of bringing the war to a close as soon as possible for financial reasons. On the evening of April 23 Major Hitchcock reported his return to Morehead City with dispatches, of which fact General Johnston, at Hillsborough, was notified, so as to be ready in the morning for an answer. At 6 a. m. on the 24th Major Hitchcock arrived, accompanied by General Grant and members of his staff, who had not telegraphed the fact of his coming over our exposed road for prudential reasons. I soon learned that the memorandum was disapproved, without rea- sons assigned, and I was ordered to give the forty-eight hours notice, and resume hostilities at the close of that time, governing myself by the substance of a dispatch, then inclosed, dated March 3, 12 noon,*at Washington, D. C., from Secretary Stanton to General Grant, at City Point, but not accompanied by any part of the voluminous matter so liberally lavished on the public in the New York journals of the 24th of April. That was the first and only time I ever saw that telegram, or had one word of instruction on the important matter involved in it; and it does seem strange to me that every bar-room loafer in New York can read in the morning journals official matter that is with. held from a general whose command extends from Kentucky to North Car~dina. Within an hour a courier was riding from Durham Station toward Hillsborough with notice to General Johnston of the suspension of the truce and renewing my demand for the surrender of the armies under his immediate command (see two letters, April 24, 6 a. m.),t and at 12 noon I had the receipt of his picket officer. I therefore published my Orders, No. 62, to the troops, terminating the truce at 12 m. on the 26th, and ordered all to be in readiness to march at that hour on the routes prescribed in Special Field Orders, No. 55, April 14, from the positions held April 184 General Grant had orders from the President, through the Secretary of War, to direct military movements, and I explained to him the exact position of the troops, and he approved of it most emphatically; but he did not relieve me or express a wish to assume command. All things were in readiness, when, on the evening of the 25th, I received another letter from General Johnston asking another interview to renew nego- tiations. General Grant not only approved, but urged me to accept, and I appointed a meeting at our former place at noon of the 26th, the very hour fixed for the renewal of hostilities. General Johnston was delayed by an accident to his train, but at 2 p. m. arrived. We then con- sulted, concluded, and signed the final terms of capitulation. These were taken by me back to Raleigh, submitted to General Grant, and met his immediate approval and signature. General Johnston was not even aware of the presence of General Grant in Raleigh at the time. Thus was surrendered to us the second great army of the so-called Confederacy, and though undue importance has been given to the so- called negotiations which preceded it, and a rebuke and public disfavor cast on me wholly unwarranted by the facts, I rejoice in saying it was accomplished without further ruin and devastation to the country, without the loss of a single life to those gallant men who had followed * See Vol. XLVI, Part II, P. 802. t See Part III. t For these orders, see Part III. Page 35 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. me from the Mississippi to the Atlantic, and without subjecting brave men to the ungracious task of pursuing a fleeing foe that did not want to fight. As for inyse~ I know my motives, and challenge the instance during the past four years where an armed and defiant foe stood before me that I did not go in for a fight, and I would blush for shame if I had ever insulted or struck a fallen foe. The instant the terms of sur- render were approved by General Grant, I made my Orders, No. 65, assigning to each of my subordinate commanders his share of the work, and, witli General Grants approval, made Special Field Orders, No. 66, putting in motion my old army (no longer required in Carolina) northward for IRichmond.* General Grant left Iltaleigh at 9 a. m. of the 27th, and I glory iii the fact that during his three days stay with me I did not detect in his language or manner one particle of abate- ment in the confidence, respect, and affection that have existed between us throughout all the varied events of the past war, and though we have honestly differed in opinion in other cases, as well as this, still we respected each others honest convictions. I still adhere to my then opinions, that by a few general concessions, glittering generalities,~~ all of which iii the end must and will be con- ceded to the organized States of the South, that this day there would not be an armed battalion opposed to us within the broad area of the dominions of the United States. Robbers and assassins must in any event result from the disbandment of large armies, but even these should be and could be taken care of by the local civil authorities without being made a charge on the national treasury. On the even- ing of the 28th, having concluded all business requiring my personal attention at Raleigh, and having conferred with every army commander and delegated to him the authority necessary for his future action, I dis- patched my headquarters wagons by land along with the Seventeenth Corps, the office in charge of General Webster from New Berne to Alex- andiia, Ma., by sea, and in person, accompanied only by my l)ersonal staft hastened to Savannah, to direct matters in the interior of South Carolina and Georgia. I had received across the rebel telegraph wires cipher dispatches from General Wilson, at Macon, to the effect that he was in receipt of my Orders, No. 65, and would send General Uptons division to Augusta, and General McCooks division to Tallahassee, to receive the surrender of those garrisons, take charge of the public property, and execute the paroles required by the terms of surrender. He reported a sufficiency of forage for his horses in Southwest Georgia, but asked me to send him a supply of clothing, sugar, coffee, & c., by way of Augusta, Ga., whence he could get it by rail. I therefore went rapidly to Goldsborongh and Wilmington, reaching the latter city at 10 a. m. of tIme 29th, and the same day embarked for Hilton Head in the blockade-runner Russia, Capt. A. M. Smith. I found General Q. A. Gilimore, commanding Department of the South, at Hilton Head, on the evening of April 30, and ordered him to send to Augusta at once what clothing and small-stores he could spare for General Wilson, amid to open up a line of certain comnmunication and supply with him at Macon. Within an hour the captured steam-boats Jeff. Davis and Amazon, both adapted to the shallow and crooked navigation of the Savannah River, were being loaded, the one at Savan- nah and the other at Hilton Head. The former started up the river on the 1st of May, in charge of averyintelligent officer (whose name I cannot recall) and forty-eight men, all the boat could carry, with orders to * For these orders, see Part III Page 36 36 OPERATiONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. occupy temporarily the U. S. Arsenal at Augusta, and to open up com- munication with General Wilson at Macon ill the event that General MeCooks division of cavalry was not already there. The Amazon followed next day, and General Gillmore had made the necessary orders for a brigade of infantry, to be commanded by General Molineux, to Iollow by a land march to Augusta as its permanent garrison. Another brigade of infantry was ordered to occupy Orangeburg, S C., the point farthest in the interior that can at present be reached by rail from the sea-coast (Charleston). On the 1st of May I went on to Savannah, where General Gilimore also joined me, and the arrangements ordered for the occupation of Augusta were consummated. At Savannah I found the city in the most admirable police, under direction of Brevet Major-General Grover, and the citizens manifested the most unqualified joy to hear that, so far as they were concerned, the war was over. All classes, Union men as well as former rebels, did not conceal, however, the apprehensions naturally arising from a total ignorance of the political conditions to be attached to their future ~tate. Anything at all would be preferable to this dread uncertainty. On the evening of the 2d of May I returned to Hilton Head, and there, for the first time, received the New York papers of April 28, containing Secretary Stantons dispatch of 9 a. m. of the 27th of April to General Dix, including General Ilallecks, from Richmond, o f9p. m. of the night before, which seems to have been rushed with extreme haste before an excited public, namely, morning of the 28th. You will observe from the dates that these dispatches were running back and forth from Richmond and Washington to New York, and there pub- lished, while General Grant and I were together in Raleigh, N. C., adjusting, to the best of our ability, the terms of surrender of the only remaining formidable rebel army in existence at the time east of the Mississippi River. Not one word of intimation had been sent to inc of the displeasure of the Government with my official conduct, but only the naked disapproval of a skeleton memorandum sent properly for the action of the President of the United States. The most objectionable features of my memorandum had already (April 24) been published to the world in violation of official usage, and the contents of my accompanying letters to General Halleck, General Grant, and Mr. Stanton, of even date, though at hand, were sul)pressed. In all these letters 1 had stated clearly and distinctly that Johnstons army would not fight, but, if pushed, would disband~~ and scatter into small and dangerous guerrilla parties as injurious to the interests of the United States as to the rebels themselves~ that all parties admitted that the rebel cause of the South was abandoned; that the negro was free; and that the temper of all was most favorable to a lasting peace. I say all these opinions of mine were withheld from the public with a seeming purpose; and I do contend that my official experience and former services, as well as my past life and familiarity with the people and geography of the South, entitled my opinions to at least a decent respect. Although this dispatch (Mr. Stantons of April 27) was printed official, it had come to me only in the questionable newspaper para- graph, headed Shermans truce disregarded. I had already done what General Wilson wanted me to do, namely, bad sent him supplies of clothing and food, with clear and distinct orders and instructions how to carry out in Western Georgia the term Page 37 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OP THE CAROLINAS. 37 for the surrender of arms and paroling of prisoners made by General Johnstons capitulation of April 26, and had properly and most oppor- tunely ordered General Gilimore to occupy Orangeburg and Augusta, strategic points of great value at all times in or war; as the peace but Secretary had taken upon himself to order my subordinate generals to disobey my orders, 1 explained to General Gilimore that 1 would no longer confuse him or General Wilson with orders that might con- flict with those of the Secretary, which, as reported, were sent, not through me, but iii open disregard of me and of my lawful authority. It now becomes my duty to paint, in justly severe character, the still more offensive and dangerous matter of General ilallecks dispatch of April 26 to the Secretary of War, embodied in his to General Dix of April 27. General Halleck had been chief of staff of the Army at Washington, in which capacity lie received umy official letter of April 18,* wherein I wrote clearly that if Johnstons army about Greensborough were pushed it would disperse, an event I wished to prevent. About that time he seems to have been sent from Washington to Richmond to command the new Military Division of the James, in assuming charge of which, on the 22d, he defines the limits of his authority to be the Department of Virgimmia, the Army of the Potomac, and such part of North Carolina as may not be occupied by the command of Major-Gen- era] Sherman. (See his General Orders N April 26, he reports to the Secretary o. 1.)t Four days later, that he has ordered Generals Meade, Sheridan, and Wright to invade that part of North Carolina which was occupied by my command, and pay no regard to any truce or orders of mine. They were ordered to push forward, regardless of any orders save those of Lieutenant-General Grant, and cut off John- stons retreat. He knew at the time he penned that dispatch and made those orders that Johnston was not retreating, but was halted under a forty-eight hours truce with me, and was laboring to surrender his command and prevent its dispersion into guerrilla bands, and that I had oii the spot a magnificent army at my command, amply sufficient for all purposes required by the occasion. The plan of cutting off a retreat from the direction of Burkeville and iDanville is hardly worthy one of his military education and genius. When he contemplated an act so questionable as the violation of a ~ made by competent authority within his sphere of command, he should have gone himself and not have sent subordinates, for he knew I was bound in honor to defend and maintain my own truce and pledge of faith, eveii at the cost of many lives. When an officer pledges the faith of his Government he is bound to defend it, and he is no soldier who would violate it knowingly. As to Davis and his stolen treasure, did General Halleck, as chief of staff or commanding officer of the neighboring military division, notify me of the facts contained in his dispatch to the Secretary ~ No, he did not. If the Secretary of War wanted Davis caught, why not order it, instead of, by publishing in the newspapers, putting him on his guard to hide away and escape l o orders or instructions to catch Davis or his stolen treasure ever came to me; but, on the contrary, I was led to believe that the Secretary of War rather preferred he should effect an escape from the country if made unknown to him. But even on this point I inclose a copy of my letter to Admiral Dahlgren, at Charleston, sent him by a fleet steamer from Wilmington on the 25th of April, two * See Sherman to Rawlins, May 30, p. 42. t See Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 891 Page 38 38 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. days before the bankers of Richmond had imparted to General Halleck the important secret as to Davis movements, designed doubtless to stimulate his troops to march their legs oft to catch their treasure for their own use.* ] know now that Admiral Dahigren did receive my letter on the 26th, and had acted on it before General Halleck had even thought of the matter; but I dont believe a word of the treasnre story: it is absurd on its face, and General Halleck, or anybody, has my full per- mission to chase Jeff. Davis and Cabinet, with their stolen treasure, throngh any part of the country occupied by my command. The last and most obnoxious feature of General ilallecks dispatch is wherein he goes out of his way and advises that my subordinates, Gen- erals Thomas, Stonemnaim, and Wilson, should be instructed not to obey ~ commands. This is too much, and I turn from the subject with feelings too strong for words, and merely record my belief that so much mischief was never before embraced in so small a space as in time newspaper paragraph headed Shermans truce disregarded, authenticated as official by Mr. Secretary Stanton, and 1)ublished in the INew York papers of April 28. During the night of May 2, at Hilton Head, having concluded my business in the Department of the South, I began my return to meet my troops, then marching toward Richmond from Raleigh. On the moriming of the 3d we ran into Charleston Harbor, where I had the pleasure to meet Admiral Dahigren, who had, in all my previous oper- ations from Savannah northward, aided me with a courtesy and manli- ness that commanded my entire respect and deep affection; also, Gen- eral Hatch, who, from our first interview at his Tullifinny camp, had caught the spirit of the move from Pocotaligo northward, and had largely contributed to our joint success in taking Charleston and the Carolina coast. Any one who is not satisfied with war should go and see Charleston, and he will pray louder and deeper than ever that the country may in the long future be spared any more war. Charleston and secession being synonymous terms, the city should be left as a sam- ple, so that centuries may pass away before that false doctrine is again preached in our Union. We left Charleston on the evening of the 3d of May, and hastened with all possible speed back to Morehetd City, which we reached at night of the 4th. I immediately communicated by telegraph with Geri- eral Schofield, at Raleigh, and learned from hium the pleasing fact that the lieutenant-general commanding the Armies of the United States had reached the Chesapeake in time to countermand General Hallecks orders, and prevent his violating my truce, invading the area of my command, and driving Johnstons surrendering army into fragments. General Johnston had fulfilled his agreement to the very best of his ability; and the officers charged with issuing the paroles at Greensbor- ough reported about 30,000 already made, and that the greater part of the ~ orth Carolina troops had gone home without waiting for their papers, but that all of them would doubtless come into some one of the mili- tary posts, the commanders of which are authorized to grant them. About 800 of the rebel cavalry had gone south, refusing to abide the terms of the surrender, and it was supposed they would make for Mexico. I would sincerely advise that they be encouraged to go and stay; they would be a nuisance to any civilized Government, whether loose or in prison. * See Sherman to Dahigren, April 25, Part III Page 39 CHAP~ LI~j THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Witli the exception of some plundering on the part of Lees and John- stons disbanded men, all cisc ill North Carolina was quiet. When to the number of men surrendered at Greensborough are added those at Tallahassee, Augusta, and Macon, with the scattered squads who will come in at other military posts, I have no doubt 50,000 armed men will be disarmed and restored to civil pursuits by the capitulation made near Durham Station, N. C., on the 26th of April, and that, too, with- out the loss of a single life to us. On the 5th of May I received and here subjoin a further dispatch from General Schofield, which contains inquiries I have been unable to satisfy, similar to those made by nearly every officer in my command whose duty brings him in contact with citizens. 1 leave you to do what you think expedient to provide the military remedy. RALEIGH, N. C., May 5, 1865. Maj. Gen. W T. SHERMAN, Morehead City: When General Grant was here, as you doubtless recollect, he said the lines had been extended to embrace this and other States south. The order, it seems, has been modified so as to include only Virginia and Tennessee. I think it would be an act of wisdom to open this State to trade at once. I hope the Government will make known its policy as to organization of State governments without delay. Affairs must necessarily be in a very nusettled state until that is done; the people are now in a mood to accept aIIm)st anything which promises a definite settlement. What is to be done with the freedmen is the question of all, and it is the all-impor- tant question. It requires l)rompt and wise action to prevent the negro from becom- ing a huge elephant on our bands. If I am to govern this State it is important for me to know it at once. If another is to be sent here it cannot be done too soon, for he will probably undo the most of what I shall have done. I shall be most glad to hear from you fully when you have time to write. I will send your message to Wilson at once. J. M. SCHOFIELD, Major- General. Igivethisdispatch entire,to demonstrate how intermingled have become civil matters with the military, and how almost impossible it has become for an officer in authority to act a pure military part. There are no longer armed enemies in North Carolina, and a soldier can deal with no other sort. The marshals and sheriffs with their posses (of which the military may become a part) are the only proper officers to deal with civil criminals and marauders. But I will not be drawn out in a discussion of this subject, but instance the case to show how difficult is the task become to military officers, wheii men of the rank, education, experience, nerve, and good sense of General Schofield feel embarrassed by them. General Schofield, at Raleigh, has a well-appointed and well-disci- plined command, is in telegraphic communication with the controlling parts of his department, and remote ones in the direction of Georgia, as well as with Washington, and has military possession of all strategic points. In like manner General Gilimore is well situated in all respects except as to rapid communication with the seat of the General Government. I leave him also with every man he ever asked for, and in full and quiet possession of every strategic point in his department; and General Wilson has in the very heart of Georgia the strongest, best appointed, and best equipped cavalry corps that ever fell under my command; and he has now, by my recent action, opened to him a source and route of supply by way of Savannah River that simplifies his military problem, so that I think I may with a clear conscience leave them and turn m Page 40 40 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. attention once more to my sJ)ecial command, the army with which I have been associated through some of the most eventful scenes of this or any war. I hope and believe none of these commanders will ever have reason to reproach me for any orders they may have received from me, and the President of the United States may be assured that all of them are in position, ready and willing to exeente to the letter and in spirit any orders he may give. I shall henceforth cease to give them any orders at all, for the occasion that made them subordinate to inc is past, and I shall confine my attention to the army composed of the Fifteenth and Seventeenth, the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, unless the command- ing general of the Armies of the United States orders otherwise. At 4 p. m. of May 91 reached Manchester, on time James River, oppo- site Richmond, and found that all the four corps had arrived from Raleigh, and were engaged in replenishing their wagons for the resump- tion of the march toward Alexandria. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, General JOHN A. RAWLINS, Major- General, Commanding. Chief of Staff, Washington, D. C. ADDENDA. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Maj. Gen. ~. T. SHERMAN, Washington, P. C., May 25, 1865. Commanding Military Division of the Mississippi: GENERAL: General Grant directs me to call your attention to the part of your report in which the necessity of umaintaining your truce, even at the exp~nse of many lives, is spoken ot~ The ~,-~neral thinks that in making a truce the commander of an army can control only lus own army and that the hostile general must make his own arrange- ments with other armies acting against him. Whilst independent gen- erals, acting against a common foe, would ~turally act in concert, the general deems that each must be the judge of his own duty and responsible for its execution. If you should wish th returned for any change you deem best. , e report will be Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. S. BOWERS, Assistant Adjutant- General. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI ., May 26, 1865. Col. T. ~. BOWERS, Washington D C Assistant Adjutant- General, Washington, P. C.: COLONEL: I had the honor to receive your letter of May 25 last evening and I hasten to answer. I wish to precede it by renewing the assurance of my entire confidence and respect for the President and Lieutenant-General Grant, and that in all matters 1 will be most willing to shape my official and private conduct to suit their wishes. The past is beyond my control and the matters embraced in the official report to which you refer are finished. It is but just the reasons that actuated me, right or wrong, should stand of record, but in all future cases, should any arise, I will respect the decision of General Grant, though I think it wrong. Supposing a gnard has prisoners in charge, and officers of another commamid should aim to rescue or kill them, i Page 41 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 41 it not clear the guard must defend the prisoners l Same of a safe- guard. So jealous is the military law to protect and maintain good faith when pledged that the law adjudges death and no alternative punishment to one who violates a safeguard in foreign parts. (See Article of War, No 55.) For murder, arson, treason, and the highest military crimes, the punishment prescribed by law is death, or some minor punishment, but for the violation of a safeguard death and death alone is the prescribed penalty. I instance this to illustrate how, in military stipulations to an enemy, our Government commands and enforces good faith. In discussing this matter I would like to refer to many writers on military law, but am willing to take Halleck as the text. (See his chapter No. 27). In the very first article he pre- faces that good faith should always be observed between enemies in war, because, when our faith has been pledged to him, so far as the promise extends, he ceases to be an enemy. He then defines the mean- ing of compacts and conventions, and says they are made sometimes for a general or a partial suspension of hostilities for the surrender of aii army, & c. They may be special, limited to particular places, or to particular forces, but, of course, can only bind the armies subject to the general who makes the truce, and coextensive only with the extemit of his command. This is all I ever claimed and clearly covers the whole case. All of North Carolina was in my immediate command, with General Schofield, its department commander, and his army pres- ent with me. I never asked the truce to have effect beyond my own territorial command. General ilalleck himself, in his Orders, No. 1, defines his own limits clearly enough, viz, Such part of North Caro- lina as was not occupied by the command of Major General Sherman. He could not pursue and cut off Johnstons retreat toward Salisbury and Charlotte without invading my command, and so patent was his purpose to defy and violate my truce that Mr. Stantons publication of the fact, not even yet recalled, modified, or explained, was headed Shermans truce disregarded, that the whole world drew but one inference. It admits of no other. I never claimed that the truce bound Generals Halleck or Canby within the sphere of their respective commands as defined by themselves. It was a partial truce of very short duration, clearly within my limits and right, justified by events, and, as in the case of prisoners in my custody, or the violation of a safeguard given by me in my own territorial limits, Iwas bound to maintain good faith. I prefer not to change my report, but again repeat that in all future cases I am willing to be governed by the inter- pretations of General Grant, although I again invite his attention to the limits of my command and those ot General ilalleck at the time, and the pointed phraseology of General ilallecks dispatch to Mr. Stanton, wherein he reports that lie had ordered his generals to pay no heed to my orders within the clearly defined area of my command. I am, & c., W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D. C., May 27, 1865. Hon. E. M. STANTON, / Secretary of War: SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith Maj. Gen. W. T. Sher- mans official report of the operations of his armies in the campaign o Page 42 42 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. the Carolinas from April 1,1865, to May 10, 1865 ;* also copy of my notel calling his attention to that part of his report in which he speaks of the necessity of maintaining his truce even at the expense of many lives, and giving him my views thereon, with permission to amend it, and his answer thereto4 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississippi, Washington City, May 30, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. RAWLINS, Chief of Stafl: GENERAL: I have the honor to request that the following corrections be made in my last official report, dated May 9, 1865, already forwarded, viz: On page 8 [31] of the report, referring to my letter of April 18,1865, addressed to Major-General Halleck, substitute in lieu of the words into his hands, the words at Washington, and on page 24 [37], before the word received (beginning line), insert the words must have. At the time the report was written Major Hitchcock, who bore the letter in question to Washington, was not with me, and I was under the impression that he had placed the letter in question in Geiieral ilallecks own hands on the 21st of April. Having now just learned that though the letter was delivered on that day at General Hallecks former office in Washington, it arrived just after his departure for Richmond, I wish the statement to be made accordingly. But as I am satisfied, for other reasons, that my views as contained in that letter were made known to General Halleck before his dispatch of April 26 was sent~ the inferences drawn in my report remain unchanged. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. Abstract from returns 8howing the e~ective strength of the army in the field under Maj. Gen. William I. Sherman, U. S. Army, January 31, February 28, March 31, and April 10, 1865. JANUARY 31. Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Command. In 0 ~ 0~ 0 RIGHT WING (ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE). Fifteenth Army Corps 720 14, 638 2 14 10 371 Seventeenth Army Corps - 466 11, 220 4 43 6 258 Total 1,186 25,858 6 57 16 629 LEFT WINo (ARMY OF GEORGIA). --ii Fourteenth Army Corps 506 33, 372 8 444 T~tentieth Army Corps 579 I 12, 332 22 501 Total 1, 175 25, 704 30 945 Kilpatricks cavalry 180 4, 195 4 94 Aggregate 2, 361 51, 56~ 186 50 1,668 *See p.29. Second, ante. Next, ante Page 43 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 43 Abstract from returfl8 showing the effective strength of the army, 5-cContinued. FEBRUARY 28. Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Command. ,~ a RIGHT WING (ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE). Fifteenth Army Corps 733 14,076 2 12 14 348 Seventeenth Army Corps 441 10, 675 4 42 5 266 Total 1, 174 24, 751 6 54 19 614 LEFT WING (ARMY OF ORORGIA). Fourteenth Army Corps 571 12, 192 7 438 Twentieth Army Corps 610 12, 100 23 481 Total 1,181 24,492 30 919 Kilpatricks cavalry 173 4, 168 4 91 Aggregate 2,355 49, 243 179 4,222 53 1,624 MARCH 31. RIGHT WING (ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE). - - - - Fifteenth Army Corps 747 14, 668 2 11 15 366 Seventeenth Army Corps 475 11, 614 4 42 7 252 Total 1, 222 26, 282 6 53 22 618 LEFT WING (ARMY OF GEORGIA). Fourteenth Army Corps 516 12, 193 6 408 Twentieth Army Corps 614 U, 375 23 486 Total 1, 110 23, 568 29 894 CENTER (ARMY OF THE OHIO). Provisional Corps 372 9, 841 15 559 3 124 Twenty-third Army Corps 547 11, 143 13 480 Total 919 20,984 15 559 16 604 Kilpatricks cavalry 155 3,993 4 77 Aggregate 3,271 70, 834 176 4, 605 71 2, 193 APRIL 10. RIGHT WING (ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE) - Fifteenth Army Corns 708 14, 536 2 21 13 390 Seventeenth Army ~iorps 478 12. 395 2 28 8 253 Total 1, 186 26, 931 4 49 21 643 LEFT WING (ARMY OF GEORGIA) - Fourteenth Army Corps 561 14. 092 8 437 Twentleth Army Corps 639 11, 832 18 476 Total 1, 200 25, 924 26 913 CENTER (ARMY OF THE OHIO) - Tenth Army Corps 392 11, 335 6 366 Twenty-third Army Corps 641 13, 359 11 282 Total 1, 033 24, 694 17 648 Kilpatricks cavalry - 178 5~ 306 5 170 Aggregate 3,419 77, 549 182 5, 355 69 2, 374 CHAP. LIX. Page 44 44 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CliAs. LIX. SPECTAL ) HDQRS. Mw. Div. OF THE Mississippi, FIELD ORDERS, In the Field, l3entonrille, N. C., iNo. 35. ) March 22, 1865. The general commanding announces to this army that yesterday it beat on its chosen ground the concentrated armies of our enemy, who has fled in disorder, leaving his dead, wounded, and prisoners in our hands and burning his bridges oii his retreat. On the same day Major- General Schofield, from New Berne, entered and occupied Goldsborough, and Major-General Terry, from Wilmington, secured (Joxs Bridge crossing and laid a pontoon bridge across Neuse River, so that our campaign has resulted in a glorious success. After a march of the most extraordinary character, near 500 miles, over swamps and rivers, deemed impassable to others, at the most inclement season of the year, and drawing our chief supplies from a l)OO~ and wasted country, we reach our destination in good health and condition. I thank the army and assure it that our Government and people honor them for this new display of the physical and moral qualities which reflect honor upon the whole nation. You shall now have rest and all the supplies that can be brought from the rich granaries and store-houses of our magnifi- cent country before again embarking on new and untried dangers. W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. SPECIAL ) IIDQRS. MIL. Div. OF THE Mississippi, FIELD ORDERS, In the Field, Goldsborough, N. C., No. 49. ) April G, 1865. * * * * * * * IL The general-in-chief announces for the information of this army the following resolutions received: Whereas, The official announcement of the fall of Charleston, the Cradle of Secession, has been received: Therefore, Be it re8olved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana in General Assembly convened, That we tender our most hearty thanks to the gallant offi- cers and men of the army of the illustrious Sherman, who have, under God, been the instruments of accomplishment of so glorious an achievement. Be it further resolved, 4-c., That in the late glorious victories of Geiieral Sherman we recognize the hand of God as directing the affairs of our country, and as an evi- dence of the speedy return of peace. SIMEON BELDEN, Speaker of the House of Representatives. J. MADISON WELLS, Lieutenant- Governor and President of the Senate. Approved March 3, 1865. MICHAEL HAHN, Governor. * * * * * * * By order of Maj. Gemi. W. T. Sherman: L. M. DAYTON Assistant Adjutant- General. SPECIAL ) HDQRs. MIL. Div. OF THE Mississippi, FIELD ORDERS, In the Field, Washington, D. C., No. 76. ) May 30, 1865. The general commanding announces to the Armies of the Tennessee and Georgia that the time has come for us to part. Our work is done Page 45 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 45 and armed enemies no longer defy us; some of you will go to your homes, and others will be retained in military service till further orders. Amid now that we are about to separate, to mingle with the civil world, it becomes a pleasing duty to recall to mind the situation of national affairs, when but little more than a year ago we were gathered about the towering cliffs of Lookout Mountain and all the future was wrapped in doubt and uncertainty. Three armies had come together from dis- tant fields, with separate histories, yet bound by one common cause the union of our country and the perpetuation of the Government of our inheritance. There is no need to recall to your memories Tunnel Hill, with Rocky Face Mountain and Buzzard Roost Gap, with the ugly forts of Dalton behind. We were in earnest, and paused not for danger and difficulty, but dashed through Snake Creek Gap and fell on Resaca, then on to the Etowah, to Dallas, Kenesaw, and the heats of summer found us on the banks of the Chattahoochee, far from honme, and dependent on a smngle road for supplies. Again we were not to be held back by any obstacle, and crossed over and fought four hard battles for the posses- sion of the citadel of Atlanta. That was the crisis of our history. A doubt still clouded our future, but we solved the problem and destroyed Atlanta, struck boldly across the State of Georgia, severed all the main arteries of life to our enemmy, and Christmas found us at Savannah. Waiting there only long enough to fill our wagons, we again began a march, which for peril, labor, and results will compare with any ever made by an organized army. The floods of the Savannah, the swamps of the Combahee and Edisto, the high hills and rocks of the Santee, the fiat quagmires of the Peffee and Cape Fear Rivers were all passed in midwinter with its floods and rains in the face of an accumulating enemy, and, after the battles of Averasborough and Bentonville, we once more came out of the wilderness to meet our friends at Golds- borough. Even then we paused only long enough to get new cloth- imig, to reload our wagons, and again pushed on to Raleigh, and beyond, until we met our enemy suing for peace, instead of war, and offering to submit to the injured laws of his and our country. As long as that enemy was defiant, nor mountaimis, nor rivers, nor swamps, nor hunger, nor cold, had checked us, but when he who had fought us hard and per- sistently offered submission your general thought it wrong to pursue him farther, and negotiations followed, which resulted as you all know in the surrender. How far the operations of this army have comitrib- uted to the final overthrow of the Confederacy, amid the peace which now dawns on us, must be judged by others, not by us, but that you have done all that men could do has been admitted by those in author- ity, and we have a right to join in the universal joy that fills our land because the war is over, and our Governmnent stands vindicated before the world by the joint action of the volunteer armies of the United States. To such as remain iii the military service your general need only remind you that success in the past was due to hard work and discipline and that the same work and discipline are equally itupor- taut in the future. To such as go home he will only say, that our favored country is so grand, so extensive, so diversified in climate, soil, and productions, that every man may find a home and occupation suited to his taste, and none should yield to the natural imnpatience sure to result from our past life of excitememit and adventure. You will be invited to seek new adventure abroad; do not yield to the temptation, for it would lead only to death and disappointment. Your general now bids you all farewell, with the full belief that as in war you have been good soldiers so in peace you will make goo Page 46 46 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. citizens, and if unfortunately new war should arise in our country Shermaiis Army will be the first to buckle on its old armor and come forth to defend and maintain the Government of our inheritance. By order of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman: L. M. DAYTON, Assistant Adjutant- Generat. No. 2. Organization of the Union Forces commanded by ]Jfaj. Gen. William I. Sherman, JanuaryA jpril, 1865. IIEADQUARIERS GUARD. 7th Company Ohio Sharpshooters, Lient. James Cox. ENGINEERS AND MECHANICS. 1st Michigan, Col. John B. Yates. 1st Missouri (five companies), Lieut. Col. William Tweeldale. ARTILLERY.* - Bvt. Maj. Gen. WILLIAM F. BARRY. RIGHT WING. (Army of the Tennessee.) Maj. Gen. OLIVER 0. HOWARD. ESCORT. 15th Illinois Cavalry, Company K, Capt. William Duncan. 4th Company Ohio Cavalry, Capt. John L. King. PONTOON TRAIN GUARD. 14th Wisconsin, Company E, Capt. William I. Henry. FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN. FIRST DIVISION. Byt. Maj. Gen. CHARLES R. WooDs. Post Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. ROBERT F. CATTERSON. Brig. Gen. CHARLES C. WALCUTT.t Col. ROBERT F. CATTERSON. Col. MILO SMITH. Bvt. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM B. WooDs.t 12th Indiana, Col. Reuben Williams. 26th iowa, Maj. John Lubbers. 27th Missouri, Col. Thomas Curly. 31st and 32d Missouri (six companies), Lieut. Col. Abraham J. Seay. 76th Ohio, Lient. Col. Edward Briggs. 26th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Ira J. Bloom- field. 40th Illiuois, Lient. Col. HiramW. Hall. 103d Illinois, Lient. Col. George W. Wright. 97th Indiana: Capt. George Elliott. Lieut. Col. Aden G. Cavins. 100th Indiana: Ma~j. Ruel M. Johnson. Capt. John W. Headington. 6th Iowa, Lieut. Col. WillinIn H. Clnne. 46th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Edward N. Upton. *All organizations are entered in the rosters of the commands with which they served. Assumed command January 23. In command from March 28 to April 4 Page 47 Ca& r. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 47 Third Brigade. Col. GEORGE A. STONE. 4th Iowa: Lient. Col. Samuel D. Nichols. Capt. Randolph Sry. Maj. Albert R. Anderson. 9th Iowa, Maj. Alouzo Abernethy. 25th Iowa, Lieut. Col. David J. Palmer. 30th Iowa, Lieut. Col. Aurelius Roberts. 31st Iowa, Lient. Col. Jeremiah W. Jenkins. SECOND DIVISION. Maj. Gen. WILLIAM B. HAZEN. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. THEODORE JONES. Col. WELLS S. JONES. 55th Illinois, Capt. Charles A. Andress. 111th Illinois: 116th Illinois: Lient. Col. Joseph F. Black. Lient. Col. John E. Maddux. Col. James S. Martin. Capt. Necolas Geschwind. 83d Indiana: 127th Illinois: Capt. Charles W. White. Capt. Charles Schryver. Capt. William N. Craw. Lient. Col. Frank S. Curtiss. 37th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Louis von Bles- 6th Missouri,* Lient. Col. Delos Van singh. Deusen. 47th Ohio, Col. Augustus C. Parry. 30th Ohio, Lient. Col. Emerson P. 53d Ohio: Brooks. i Capt. Robert Curren. 57th Ohio: Maj. Preston R. Galloway. Capt. John A. Smith. 54th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Israel T. Moore. Lieut. Col. Samuel R. Mott. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN M. OLIVER. 48th Illinois, Lient. Col. Thomas L. B. Weems. 90th Illinois, Lient. Col. Owen Stuart. 99th Indiana, Capt. Josiah Farrar. 15th Michigan, Lieut. Col. Frederick S. Hutchinson. 70th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Ilenry L. Philips. THIRD DIVISION.t Bvt. Maj. Gen. JOHN E. SMITH. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM T. CLARK. Col. CLARK R. WEVER. 63d Illinois: Col. JOHN E. TOURTELLOTTE. V Col. Joseph B. McCown. Capt. Joseph R. Stanford. 56th Illinois, Lieut. Col. John P. Hall. 93d Illinois, Lient. Col. Nicholas C. 10th Iowa, Lient. Col. William H. Silsby. Bus well. 17th Iowa (one company), Capt. William 48th Indiana, Capt. Newton Biugham. Homer. 59th Indiana: 26th Missouri (two companies), Lieut. Lient. Col. Jefferson K. Scott. Theron M. Rice. Maj. Thomas A. McNanght. 80th Ohio: 4th Minnesota 4 Lient. Col. Pren Metham. Col. John E. Tourtellotte. Capt. Leverett R. Wellman. Maj. Thomas C. Morris. 18th Wisconsin :~ Maj. James P. Millard. Lieut. Col. Charles H. Jackson. Companies A and B, 8th Missouri, attached. Discontinued April 26, and the troops transferred to the First, Second, and Fourth Divisions. Transferred to Second Brigade April 6. ~ Joined from veteran furlough March 26; during its absence detachment non- veterans attached to 93d Illinois. I In command from April 7. 1 Detachment 10th Missouri attached Page 48 48 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. FOURTH DIVISiON. Bvt. Maj. Gen. JOHN M. CORSE. First Brigade. Brig. Gem ELLIOTT W. RICE. 52d Illinois, Lieut. Col, Jerome D. Davis. 66th Indiana, Lieut~ Col. Roger Martin. 2d Iowa, Col. Noel B. Howard. 7th Iowa, Lieut. Col. James C. Parrott. Second Brigade. Col. ROBERT N. ADAMS. 12th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Henry Van Sellar. 66th Illinois: Capt. William S. Boyd. Lient. Col. Andrew K. Campbell. 81st Ohio, Maj. William C. Henry. Third Brigade. Col. FREDERICK J. HURLBUT. 7th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Hector Perrin. 50th Illinois, Lieut. Col. William Hanna. 57th Illinois, Maj. Frederick A. Battey. 39th Iowa: Capt. Isaac D. Marsh. Lieut. Col. Joseph M. Griffiths. Unassigned. 110th U. S. Colored Troops: Maj. William C. Hawley. Capt. Thomas Kennedy. Capt. Zac. C. Wilson. Capt. Jacob Kemuitzer. ARTILLERY. Lieut. Col. WILLIAM H. Ross. 1st Illinois Light, Battery H: Capt. Francis De Gress. Lieut. Robert S. Gray. 1st Michigan Light, Battery B, Lient. Edward B. Wright. 1st Missouri Light, Battery H, Capt. Charles M. Callahan. Wisconsin Light, 12th Battery, Capt. William Zickerick. UNASSIGNED. 29th Missouri (mounted): Maj. Christian Burkhardt. Col. Joseph S. Gage. SEVENTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. FRANK P. BLAIR, Jr. ESCORT. 11th Illinois Cavalry, Company G, Capt. Stephen S. Tripp Page 49 CHAP. lix.] 4 R UVOL THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 49 FIRST DIVISION. Maj, Gen. JOSEPh A. MOWER. Brig. Gen. MANNING F. FORCE. * First Brigade. Col. CHARLES S. SHELDON. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. FULLER.t 64th Illinois, Maj. Joseph S. Reynolds. 18th Missouri: Lieut. Col. William H. Minter. Col. Charles S. Sheldon. Lieut. Col. William H. Minter. Maj. William M. Edgar. 27th Ohio, Maj. Isaac N. Gilruth. 39th Ohio: Capt. John W. Orr. Lient. Col. Daniel Weber. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. SPRAGUE. Col. MILTON MONTGOMERY.t Brig. Gen. JouN W. SPRAGUE.~ 35th New Jersey, Ccl. John J. Cladek. 43d Ohio: Col. Wager Swayne.II Maj. Horace Park. 63d Ohio: Maj. John W. Fonts. Capt. Otis W. Pollock. Maj. Oscar L. Jackson. 25th Wisconsin: Lieut. Col. Jeremiah M. Rusk. Col. Milton Montgomery. Lieut. Col. Jeremiah M. Rusk. Third Brigade. Col. JOHN TILLSON. Col. CHARLES H. DE GROAT. Lient. Col. JAMES S. WRIGHT. Bvt. Brig. Gen. JOHN TILLSON. 10th Illinois: Lieut. Col. McLain F. Wood. Lieut. Col. David Gillespie. 25th Indiana: Lient. Col. James S. Wright. Maj. William H. Crenshaw. Lient. Col. James S. Wright. 32d Wisconsin: Col. Charles H. De Groat. Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Carleton. Maj. William II. Burrows. THIRD DIVISION. Byt. Maj. Gen. MORTIMER D. LEGGETT. Brig. Gen. MANNING F. FORCE. Bvt. Maj. Gen. MORTIMER D. LEGGETT.** * In command from April 3. I In command from January 25. ~ Assumed command January 29. ~ In command from March 28. II Wounded February 2. In command March 26 to April 10, ** In command from March 31. XLVII, PT Page 50 50 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. MANNING F. FORCE. Col. CASSIUS FAIRCIIILD.t Brig. Gen. MANNING F. FORCE. Brig. Gen. CHARLES EWING. 30th Illinois: Lient. Col. XVilliam C. Rhoades. Capt. John P. Davis. 31st illinois, Lieut. Col. Robert N. Pear- son. 45th Illinois, Maj. John 0. Duer. 12th Wisconsin, Col. James K. Proudfit. 16th Wisconsin: Capt. Joseph Craig. Col. Cassius Fairchild. Capt. Joseph Craig. Col. Cassius Fairchild. Provost Guard. 20th Illinois,* Capt. Henry King. Second Brigade. Col. GREENBERRY F. WILES. Brig. Gen. ROBERT K. SCOTT.t 20th Ohio, Licut. Col. Harrison Wilson. 68th Ohio, Lient. Col. George E. Welles. 78th Ohio: Capt. Israel C. Robinson. Col. Greenberry F. Wiles. Lieut. Col. Gilbert D. Munson. 17th Wisconsin: Maj. Patrick H. McCauley. Lient. Col. Donald D. Scott. Col. Adam G. Malloy. FOURTH DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. GILES A. SMITH. Fir8t Brigade. Brig. Gen. BENJAMIN F. POTTS. 14th and 15th Illinois (battalion): Capt. Alouzo J. Gillespie. Col. George C. Rogers. 53d Illinois, Col. John W. McClanahan. 23d Indiana: Lient. Col. George S. Babbitt. Capt. John W. Hammond. 53d Indiana: Maj. Henry Duncan. Col. Warner L. Vestal. 32d Ohio, Lient. Col. Jefferson J. Hib- bets. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM W. BELKNAP. 32d Illinois, Capt. John J. Rider. 11th Iowa, Lieut. Col. Benjamin Beach. 13th Iowa, Lient. Col. Justin C. Kennedy. 15th Iowa, Maj. George Pomntz. 16th Iowa: Capt. Jesse H. Lucas. Capt. John F. Conyngham. Maj. John H. Smith. ARTILLERY. Maj. ALLEN C. WATERHOUSE. Maj. FREDERICK WELKER. 1st Michigan Light, Battery C, Lient. William W. Hyzer. Minnesota Light, 1st Battery, Capt. William Z. Clayton. Ohio Light, 15th Battery: Lient. Lyman Bailey. Capt. James Burdick. UNASSIGNED. 9th Illinois (mounted), Licut. Col. Samuel T. Hughes. LEFT WING. (Army of Georgia.) Maj. Gen. HENRY W. SLOCUM. POETONIERS. 58th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Joseph Moore. * Assigned to 1st Brigade April 3. In command January 15 to March 31 and April 3 and 4. t In command from March 28 Page 51 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Bvt. Maj. Gen. JEFFERSON C. DAVIS. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM P. CARLIN. Bvt. Brig. Gen. GEORGE P. BUELL. Brig. G en. ChARLES C. WALCUTT. First Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. HARRISON C. HOBART. 104th Illinois, Maj. John H. Widmer. 42d Indiana, Maj. Gideon R. Keilams. 88th Indiana: Lieut. CoL Cyrus E. Briant. Capt. William N. Voris. Maj. Lewis J. Blair. 33d Ohio, Capt. Joseph Hinson. 94th Ohio, Maj. William H. & nider. 21st Wisconsin: Lieut. Col. Michael H. Fitch. Maj. Charles H. Walker. Lieut. Col. Michael H. Fitch. Sr9x~ond Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. GEORGE P. BUELL. Lieut. Col. MICHAEL H. FITCH. * Bvt. Brig. Gen. GEORGE P. BUELL. 13th Michigan: Col. Joshna B. Culver. Maj. Willard G. Eaton.t Capt. Silas A. Yerkes. 21st Michigan: Capt. Arthur C. Prince. Lieut. Col. Loomis K. Bishop. 69th Ohio: Capt. Jacob J. Rarick. Lieut. Samuel P. Murray. Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Brigham. Third Brigade. Lieut. Col. DAVID MILES.t Lieut. Col. ARNOLD MCMAHAN.~S Col. HENRY A. HAMBRIGHT. 38th Indiana: Capt. James H. Low. I Capt. David H. Patton. 21st Ohio: Lieut. Col. Arnold McMahan. Capt. Samuel F. Cheney. Lieut. Col. Arnold McMahan. 74th Ohio, Maj. Robert P. Findley. 79th Pennsylvania: Maj. Michael H. Locher. Capt. John S. McBride. SECOND DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. JAMES D. MORGAN. Provost Guard. 110th Illinois, Company B, Capt. William R. Hester. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM YANDEVER. 16th Illinois: Capt. Eben White. Capt. Herman Lund. 60th Illinois: Lieut. Col. George W. Evans. Maj. James H. McDonald 10th Michigan: Col. Charles M. Lum. Capt. William H. Dunphy. 14th Michigan, Lient. Col. George Grummond. 17th New York: Lieut. Col. James Lake. Maj. Alexander S. Marshall W. Second Brigade. Lient. Col. JOHN S. PEARCE. Brig. Gen. JOHN G. MITCHELL.** 34th Illinois: Capt. Peter F. Walker. Lieut. Col. Peter Ege. 78th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Mans R. Ver- non. 98th Ohio: Capt. James R. McLanghlia. Lieut. Col. John S. Pearce.t Maj. David E. Roatch. 108th Ohio: Maj. Frederick Beck. Lient. Col. Joseph Good. 113th Ohio: Capt. Toland Jones. Capt. Otway Watson. 121st Ohio, Maj. Aaron B. Robinson. * In command March 28 to April 4. Killed March 19. ~ Wounded March 19. ~ In command March 19 to 28. Ii Mortally wounded March 19. Wounded March 16. * * In command from February 7. CnA1~. LIX.] 5 Page 52 52 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. BENJAMIN D. FEARING. Li~ut. Col. JAMES W. LANGLEY. 85th Illinois, Capt. James R. Griffith. 86th Illinois, Lient. Col. Allen L. Fahnestock. 110th Illinois,t Lieut. Col. E. Hibbard Topping. 125th Illinois: Lient. Col. James W. Langley. Capt. George W. Cook. 22d Indiana, Capt. William H. Snodgrass. 37th Indiana (one company), Lient. Socrates Carver. 524 Ohio: Lient. Col. Charles W. Clancy. Maj. James T. Holmes. THIRD DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. AB~ALOM BAIRD. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Lient. Col. THOMAS DOAN. Col. NEWELL GLEASON.I~ Col. MORTON C. HUNTER. 824 Indiana, Lient. Col. John M. Matheny. 234 Missouri (fonr companies), Maj. John H. Jolly. 11th Ohiot (detachment), Capt. Francis H. Loring. 17th Ohio, Lient. Col. Benjamin H. Showers. 31st Ohio: Capt. Michael Stone. Capt. Eli Wilkin. 89th Ohio, Lieut. Col. William H. Glenn. 924 Ohio, Lieut. Col. John C. Morrow. 75th Indiana: Maj. Cyrus J. MeCole. Lient. Col. William OBrien. 87th Indiana: Maj. Richard C. Sabin. Lient. Col. Edwin P. Hammond. 101st indiana: Maj. George W. Steele. Lient. Col. Thomas Doan. 2d Minnesota, Lient. Col. Jndson W. Bishop. 105th Ohio, Lient. Col. George T. Perkins. Third Brigade. Col. GEORGE P. ESTE. Lieut. Col. HUBBARD K. MILwAriD.tI Brig. Gen. GEORGE S. GREENE. 74th Indiana, Lient. Col. Thomas Morgan. 18th Kentucky: Lient. Col. Hubbard K. Milward. Maj. John J. Hall. Lient. Col. Hnbbard K. Milward. 14th Ohio, Lient. Col. Albert Moore. 38th Ohio, Capt. Charles M. Gilbert. ARTILLERY. Maj. CHARLES HOUGHTALING. 1st Illinois Light, Battery C, Lient. Joseph II. Channel, Lient. Palmer F. Scovel. 24 Illinois Light, Battery I, Lient. Jndson Rich. Indiana Light, 19th Battery, Lient. Samuel D. Webb, Lient. Clinton Keeler. Wisconsin Light, 5th Battery, Capt. Joseph McKnight, Lient. Elijah Booth, jr. * Wonnded March 19. On duty at corps headquarters; Company A, 24th Illinois, attached. Attached to 924 Ohio. ~S In command from April 3. U In command March 29 to April 9. Previously in command of a provisional division, consisting of mixed troops, con- valescents, & o Page 53 CRAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS. Bvt. Maj. Gen. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS. Maj. Gen. JOSEPH A. MOWER.~ FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. NATHANIEL J. JACKSON. Bvt. Maj. Gen. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS. First Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. JAMES L. SELFRIDGE. 5th Connecticut, Lieut. Col. Henry W. Daboll. 123d New York, Col. James C. Rogers. 141st New York: Capt. William Merrell. Lient. Col. Andrew J. McNett. 46th Pennsylvania, Maj.Patrick Griffith. Second Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM HAWLEY. 2(1 Massachusetts: Lient. Col. Charles F. Morse.t Capt. Robert B. Brown. Capt. Edward A. Phalen. 13th New Jersey: Lieut.Col.Frederick H. Harris. Capt. John H. Arey. 107th New York, Col. Nirom M. Crane. 150th New York, Col. Alfred B. Smith. 3d Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. George W. Stevenson. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JAMES S. ROBINSON. 52d Illinois: Maj. Ferdinand H. Rolshausen. Lieut. Col. Edward S. Salomon. 101st Illinois, Lieut. Col. John B. Le Sage. 143d New York: Licut. Col. Hezekiah Watkins,t Capt. Edward H. Pinney. Col. Horace Boughton. 61st Ohio,t Capt. John Garrett. 52d Ohio: Lieut. Col. David Thomson.t Maj. James S. Crall. 31st Wisconsin, Col. Francis H. West. SECOND DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. JOHN W. GEARY. First Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. ARIo PARDEE, Jr. Col. GEORGE W. MINDIL. 5th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Robert Kirkup. 29th Ohio, Lieut.Col. Jonas Schoonover. 66th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Eugene Powell. Capt. Theodoric G. Keller. 28th Pennsylvania: Col. John Flynn.~ Lieut. Col. James Fitzpatrick. 147th Pennsylvania, Licut. Col. John Craig. Second Brigade. Col. GEORGE W. MINDIL. Col. PATRICK H. JONES. It 33d New Jemey: Lieut. Col. Enos Fourat. Col. George W. Mindil. Maj. Nathaniel K. Bray. 119th New York, Col. John T. Lockman. 134th New York: Capt. Perry E. McMaster. Lieut. Col. Allan H. Jackson. 154th New York, Lieut. Col. Lewis D. Warn er. 73d Pennsylvania: Capt. Samuel D. Miller. Maj. Christian H. Goebel. 109th Pennsylvania, Capt. William Geary. * In command from April 2. t Wounded March 16. ~ Consolidated with 52d Ohio April 9. ~ Wounded February 12. II In command from March 30. Consolidated with 111th Pennsylvania March 31. 5 Page 54 54 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND B. FLA. [Ca~. LIX~ Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. HENRY A. BARNUM. 60th New York: Maj. Abner B. Shipman. Lient. Col. Lester S. Wilison. 102d New York: Lient. Col. Harvey S. Chatfield. Maj. Oscar J. Spaulding. 137th New York: Maj. Milo B. Eldredge. Lient. Col. Koert S. Van Voorhees. 149th New York: Capt. Henry N. Burhans. Maj. Nicholas Grumbach. 29th Pennsylvania: Lient. Col. George B. Johnson. Col. Samuel M. Zulich. 111th Pennsylvania: Capt. William J. Alexander. Col. Thomas M. Walker. THIRD DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. WILLIAM T. WARD. Fir8t Brigade Second Brigade. CoL HENRY CASE. Bvt. Brig. Gem DANIEL DUsTIN. Bvt. Brig. Gen. BENJAMIN HARRISON.4 334 Indiana, Lieut. Col. James E. Bur 102d Illinois: ton. Maj. Hiland H. Clay. 85th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Alexander B. Col. Franklin C. Smith. Crane. 105th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Everell F. Dut- 19th Michigan: ton. Lieut. Col. John J. Baker. 129th Illinois: Maj. David Anderson. Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Flynn. 22d Wisconsin: Col. Henry Case. Capt. Darwin R. May. 70th Indiana: Capt. George H. Brown. Maj. Zachariah S. Ragan. Lieut. Col. Edward Bloodgood. Lieut. Col. Samuel Merrill. 79th Ohio, Lient. Col. Azariali W. Doan. Third Brigade Col. SAMUEL Ross. Bvt. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM COGSWELL.t 20th Connecticut, Lient. Col. Philo B. Buckiugham. 33d Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Elisha Doane. 136th New York: Lieut. Col. Lester B. Faulkner. Maj. Henry L. Arnold. Capt. George H. Eldridge. Col. James~Wood,jr. 55th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Edwin H. Powers Maj. Charles P. Wickham. 734 Ohio: Lieut. Col. Samuel H. Hurst. Maj. Thomas W. Higgins. 26th Wisconsin: Lieut. Col. Frederick C. Winkler. Maj. Francis Lackner. In command from April 19. t In command from January 16 Page 55 55 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. ARTILLERY. Maj. JOHN A. REYNOLDS. Capt. CHARLES E. WINEGAR.* 1st New York Light, Battery I: Capt. Charles E. Winegar. Lient. Warren L. Scott. 1st New York Light, Battery M, Lieut. Edward P. Newkirk. 1st Ohio Light, Battery C, Lient. Jerome B. Stephens. Pennsylvania Light, Battery E~ Capt. Thomas S. Sloan. CA VALBY. THIRD DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. JUDSON KILPATRICK. Fir8t Brigade. Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. THOMAS J. JORDAN. Col. GEORGE E. SPENCER. Col. MICHAEL KERWIN. 3d Indiana (battalion), Capt. Charles U. Bvt. Brig. Gen. THOIeAS T. HEATH.t Patton. 8th Indiana, Lient. Col. Fielder A. Jones. 1st Alabama: 2d Kentucky, Maj. Owen Star. Maj. Francis L. Cramer.t 3d Kentucky, Licut. Col. Robert H. Capt. Jerome J. Hinds. King. Maj. Sanford Tramel. 9th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Davi4 H. 5th Kentucky :~ Kimmel. Col. Oliver L. Baldwin. Maj. Christopher T. Cheek 5th Ohio, Maj. George H. Rader. 13th Pennsylvania :11 Maj. George F. McCabe. Col. Michael Kerwin. Fourth Brigade. Lieut. Col. WILLIAM B. WAY. 1st Regiment, Maj. Charles A. Appel.** 2d Regiment, Lient. Col. William Stough. 3d Regiment, Capt. John B. Riggs Second Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. SMITH D. ATKINS. 92d Illinois (mounted), Lieut. Col. Matthew Van Buskirk. 9th Michigan, Col. George S. Acker. 9th Ohio, Col. William D. Hamilton. 10th Ohio, Col. Thomas W. Sanderson. McLaughlins (Ohio) Squadron, Capt. John DaIzell. Artiilery. New York Light, 23d Battery,tt Capt Samuel Kittiuger. Wisconsin Light, 10th Battery, ft Capt. Yates V. Beebe. In command from April 1. Assigned April 21. f Wounded and captured March 10. ~ Relieved for muster out April 6. II Assigned April 4. Organized provisionally from the dismounted men of the Third Division~ those of the 1st Regiment belonging to the First Brigade; the 2d Regiment to the Second Brigade, arid the 3d Regiment to the Third Brigade. Captured March 10. tt Assigned April 1. ft Relieved for muster out April 5. CHAP. LIX. Page 56 56 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [C~. LIX~ CENTER.4 (Army of the Ohio.) Maj. Gen. JOHN M. SCHOFIELD. ESCORT. 7th Ohio Cavalry, Company G, Capt. John A. Aslibury. SIGNAL CORPS. Capt. EDMUND H. RUSSELL. ENGINEERS. 15th New York (three companies), Maj. Henry V. Slosson. ARTILLERY. Lient. Col. TERANCE J. KENNEDY. TENTH ARMY CORPS.I Maj. Gen. ALFRED H. TERRY. ESCORT. 20th New York Cavalry, Company I,t Capt. John J. Carroll. FIRST DIVISION4~ Bvt. Maj. Gen. HENRY W. BIRGE. Third Brigade. I Col. NICHOLAS W. DAY. 24th Iowa, Lieut. Col. Edward Wright. 38th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. James P. Richardson. 128th New York, Capt. Henry H. Sincerhox. 156th New York, Capt. Alfred Cooley. 175th New York (five companies), Capt. Charles McCarthey. 176th New York, Maj. Charles Lewis. Artillery. Indiana Light, 22d Battery, Lieut. George W. Alexander. SECOND DIVISION.44 Bvt. Maj. Gen. ADELBERT AMES. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. RUFUS DAGGETT Col. WILLIAM B. COAN. Col. JOHN S. LITTELL. 3d New York: Capt. George E. Fordham. 47th Yew York, Col. Christopher R. Lient. Col. Alfred Dunham. MacDonald. 112th New York, Col. Ephraim A. Lud- 48th New York: wick. Capt. Van Rensselaer K. Hil 117th New York, Capt. Edward Downer. hard. 142d New York: Col. William B. Coan. Lieut. Col. William A. Jones. 76th Pennsylvania, Maj. Charles Knerr. Col. Alhert M. Barney. 97th Pennsylvania: Maj. William H. Martin. Lient. Col. John Wainwright. 203d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Amos W. Bachman. ~ Arrived at Goldsborongh March 21. The roster of this command covers only the period from March 21 to April 30, 1865. As organized April 2; previously known as Provisional Corps. ~ Relieved March 28. ~ The First Brigade at Morehead City, and the Second Brigade at Wilmington. ii Previously known as Third Brigade, Second Division, Nineteenth Army Corps. Assigned April 5. known as Second Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps Page 57 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. CHAP. LIX.] 57 Third Brigade. Col. G. FREDERICK GRANGER. 13th Indiana, Lient. Col. Samuel M. Zent. 9th Maine, Lieut. Col. Joseph Noble. 4th New Hampshire, Capt. John H. Roberts. 115th New York, Lieut. Col. Nathan J. Johnson. 169th New York, Lieut. Col. .James A. Colvin. Artillery. New York Light, 16th Battery, Capt. Richard H. Lee. THIRD DIVISION.4 Bet. Maj. Gen. CHARLES J. PAINE. First Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gcn. DELE VAN BATES. 1st U. S. Colored Troops, Lieut. Col. Giles H. Rich. 30th U. S. Colored Troops, Lieut. Col. Hiram A~ Oakman. 107th U. S. Colored Troops, Col. William H. Revere, jr. Second Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL A. DUNCAN. 4th U. S. Colored Troops, Lient. Cot. George Rogers. 5th U. S. Colored Troops, Col. Giles W. Shurtleff. 39th U. S. Colored Troops, Col. Ozora P. Stearns. Third Brigade. Col. JOHN 11. HOLMAN. Bvt. Brig. Gen. ALBERT M. BLACKMAN.I 6th U. S. Colored Troops, Col. John W. Ames. 27th U. S. Colored Troops, Lient. Col. John XV. Donnellan. 37th U. S. Colored Troops, Col. Nathan Golf, jr. UNATTACHED. 3d U. S. Artillery, Battery E, Lient. John R. Myrick. TWENTY-THiRD ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN M. SCHOFIELD. Maj. Gen. JACOB D. Cox4 ENGINEER BATTALION.~S Capt. OLIVER S. MCCLURE. PROVOST GUARD. 9th New Jersey, Company H, Capt. Edward S. Fallen. ARTILLERY. Lient. Col. GEORGE W. SCHoFIELD.II Capt. GILES J. COCKERILL. FIRST DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. THOMAS H. RUGER. Previously known as Third Division, Twenty-fifth Army Corps. In command from April 22. In command from March 31. From March 1 to 31 General Cox commanded the District of Beanfort and the Provisional Corps, consisting of Rugers, Palmers, and Carters divisions. ~ Composed of details from infantry regiments. II Relieved April 3 Page 58 58 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CI~Ar. MX. Fir8t Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. ISRAEL N. STILES.* 120th Indiana, Col. Allen W. Prather. 124th Indiana, Col John M. Orr. 128th Indiana, Lient. Col. Jasper Packard. 180th Ohio, Col. Willard Warner. Second Brigade. Col. JOHN C. MOQUISTON. 123d Indiana, Lieut. Col. Dewitt C. Walters. 129th Indiana, Col. Charles A. Zollinger. 130th Indiana, Col. Charles S. Parrish. 28th Michigan, Col. William W. Wheeler. Third Brigade. Col. MINOR T. THOMAS. 25th Massachnsetts,t Lient. Col. James Tucker. 8th Minnesota, Maj. George A. Camp. 174th Ohio, Col. John S. Jones. 178th Ohio, Col. Joab A. Stafford Artillery. Indiana Light, 22d Battery, Lient. George W. Alexander. 1st Michigan Light, Battery F, ~ Capt. Byron D. Paddock. Illinois Light, Elgin Battery, II Capt. Andrew M. Wood. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. NATHANIEL C. McLEAN. Col. ORLANDO H. MooRE. Maj. Gen. DARIUS N. COucH.** Brig. Gen. JOSEPH A. COOPER. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. ORLANDO H. MOORE. Col. JOHN MEHRINGER. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH A. COOPER. 107th Illinois, Maj. Thomas J. Milhol- 26th Kentucky, Col. Thomas B. Fair- land. leigh. 80th Indiana, Lient. Col. AlfredD. Owen. 25th Michigan, Lient. Col. Benjamin F. 23d Michigan, Col. Oliver L. Spaulding. Orcutt. 111th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Isaac R. Sher 132d New York,tt Col. Peter J. Claassen. wood. 52d Pennsylvania,t Lieut. Col. John B. 118th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Edgar Sowers. Conyngham. 6th Tennessee,ff Lient. Col. Edward Maynard. * In command from March 14. t Assigned April 2. ~ Transferred to First Division, Tenth Army Corps, April 5. ~S Ordered to New Berne April 6. It Assigned April 8. Assumed command April 4. * * In command April 8 to 20, and April 26 to 30; General Cooper assumed command of First Brigade April 26. tt Assigned April 2; detachment 99th New York temporarily attached. 44 Relieved for muster out March 31 Page 59 ECHAP .LIX. THE CAMPAIGN OP THE CAROLINAS. 59 Third Brigade. Col. SILAS A. STRICKLAND. 91st Indiana, Liout. Col. Charles H. Butterfield. 50th Ohio: Capt. John S. Conahan. Lieut. Col. James A. Bope. 181st Ohio: Lient. Col. John E. Hudson. Col. John ODowd. 153d Ohio, Col. George W. Hoge. Artillery. Indiana Light, 15th Battery, * Capt. Alouzo D. Harvey. Ohio Light, 19th Battery, Capt. Frank Wilson. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES W. REILLY. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL P. CARTER.I Provo8t Guard. 100th Ohio, Company F, Licut. John P. Denny. Fir8t Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. OSCAR W. STERL. Bvt. Brig. Gen. JOHN S. CASEMEET. 12th Kentucky: 65th Illinois: Capt. John Travis. Maj. George H. Kennedy. Licut. Col. Laurence H. Runs- i Lieut. Col. William S. Stewart. sean. I 65th Indiana, Lieut. Col. John W. Ham- 16th Kentucky, Lieut. Col. John S. mond. White. 9th New Jerscyy~ Col. James Stewart, 100th Ohio, Capt. Frank Rundell. jr. 104th Ohio, Li& ut. Col. William J. Jor- 103d Ohio, Capt. Henry S. Pickands. dan. 177th Ohio: 8th Tennessee, Capt. James W. Berry. Col. Arthur T. Wilcox. Lieut. Col.William H. Zimmer- man. Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. THOMAS J. HENDERSON. 112th Illinois, Licut. CoL Emery S. Bond. 63d Indiana: Lient. Col. Daniel Morris. Maj. Frank Wilcox. 140th Indiana, Col. Thomas J. Brady. 17th Massachuaetts4 Lient. Col. Henry Splaine. Artillery. Indiana Light, 23d Battcry,* Capt. James H. Myers. 1st Ohio Light, Battery D: Capt. Giles J. Cockerill. Lieut. Cecil C. Reed. * Detached at Wilmington April 5. t In command from April 7. t Assigned April 2 Page 60 60 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP, LIX~ DIVISION5 (District of Beaufort). Brig. Gen. SAMUEL P. CARTER. First Brigade. Col. PETER J. CLAASSEN. 17th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. henry Splaine. 132d New York, Lieut. Col. George H. Hitchcock. Second Brigade. Col. JAMES STEWART, Jr. 25th Massachusetts: Capt. Samuel Harrington. Lieut. Col. James Tucker. 9th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Samuel Hufty. 85th New York, Lieut. Col. Will W. Clarke. Artillery. Capt. WILLIAM E. MERCER. 3d New York Light, Battery C, Lient. E. Bartou Wood. 3d New York Light, Battery I, Lieut. William Richardson. CAVALRY. 12th New York, Col. James W. Savage. 1st North Carolina, Company L,t Capt. George W. Graham. RESERVE ARTILLERY4 Capt. WILLIAM E. MERGER. 3d New York Light, Battery C, Lieut. E. Barton Wood. 3d New York Light, Battery D, Capt. Stephen Van Heusen. 3d New York Light, Battery G, Capt. William A. Kelsey. 3d New York Light, Battery I, Lieut. William Richardson. No. 3. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces at Kinston (or Wises Forks), Averasborough, and Bentonville, N. C. [Compiled fromnominal lists of casualties.] KINSTON~, MARCH 8-10, 1865. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. ,13 -~ a a . a a a u a a a a a bC 0 0 0 ~ PROVISIONAL ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JAcon D. Cox. FIRST DIVISION, TWENTY-THIRD CORPS. Bvt. Maj. Gen. THOMAS H. RUGER. First Brigade. Col. JOHN M. ORB. 120th Indiana 124th Indiana 128th Indiana 180th Ohio Total First Brigade i ii Discontinued April 2. t Mounted infautry. t Organized April 5. 3 2 2 2 9 27 35 11 8 81 I 1 7 1 1 3 1 37 39 14 13 10 Page 61 ~31 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Return of Casualties in the Union Force8, 4-c.Continued. KINSTON, MARCH 8-10 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. ,i cI be a a - a . a - - o a a a be a a 0 be 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ~I1 Second Brigade. Col. JOHN C. MCQUISTON. Staff 1 123d Indiana 129th Indiana 130th Indiana 28th Michigan 1 Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. MINoR T. THOMAS. 8th Minnesota5 174th Ohio 178th Ohio Total Third Brigade Artillery Illinois Light, Elgin Battery 1st Michigan Light, Battery F Total artillery Total First Division, Twenty-third Corps.. FIRST DIVISION, DISTRICT OF HEAUFORT. Brig. Gen. INNIS N. PALMER. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. EDWARD HARLAND. 2d Massachnsetts Heavy Artillery 23d Massachusetts 9th New Jersey Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. PETER J. CLAAS5EN. 132d New York Battalion Provisional Troops Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. HORACE BOUGHTON. 18th Wisconsin Battalion Provisional Troops Total Third Brigadel Artillery. 3d New York Light, Battery C 3d New York Light, Battery D Total artillery Total First Division, District of Beaufort 5 1 8 11 5 11 1 9 12 5 18 2 6 2 35 45 4 2 13 19 1 1 4 2 14 20 3 1 2 1 5 3 22 13 135 1 174 4 20 3 27 6 1 18 2 27 2 11 1 16 30 10 3 49 1 21 84 1 2 17 4 24 2 2 ... 4 3 2 19 4 28 2 5 2 1 5 6 1 5 6 ~~ I 3 3 6 9 16 5 78 ~ 271 127 5At Gum Swamp. t Losses not reported in detail. CHAP. LIX. Page 62 62 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, ~c.Continued. KINSTON, MARCH 8-10, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. ,,; a a a . a n a n a a a ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 85th New York Battalion Provisional Troops Total First Brigade* Second Brigade. Col. CHARLES L. UPRAM. 15th Connecticut 27th Massachusetts Battalion Provisional Troops Total Second Brigade* Third Brigade. Lient. Col. HENRY SPLAINE. 17th Massachusetts 25th Massachusetts Total Third Brigade Artillery. 3d New York Light, Battery A 3d New York Light, Battery G 3d New York Light, Battery I Total artillery Total Second Division, District of Beaufort. CAVALRY. Grahams Company, North Carolina 12th New York Total cavalry Grand total 2 1 14 2 19 1 10 5 45 18 810 889 5 . 11 15 31 2 1 4 1 5 7 1 15 16 39 1 2 1 5 I 3 5 1 20 7 77 18 833 956 1 2 4 4 69 80 1 2 4 4 69 80 60 25 294 23 930 1 2 6 5 9 1,337 OFFICERS KiLLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. Maj. Eli W. Osborne, 15th Infantry. Capt. Julius Bassett, 15th Infantry. CONNECTICUT. Lieut. Edwin W. Bishop, 15th Infantry. INDIANA. Capt. James L. Neff, 124th Infantry. I Lieut. Solomon II. Fountain, 128th In Lieut. Watt E. Brown, 128th Infantry. fantry. MICHIGAN. Lient. Matthew Holmes, 28th Infantry. NEW JERSEY. Capt. Charles Hufty, 9th Infantry. NEW YORK. Limit. August Pittman, 12th Cavalry. OHIO. Lient. Col. Hiram McKay, 180th Infantry. not reported in detail. SECOND DIVISION, DISTRICT OF BEAUFORT. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL I. CARTER. First Brigade. Col. ADAM G. MALLOY Page 63 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Retisrn of Casualties in the Union Force8, ~c.Continued. AVERASBOROUGH, MARCH 16, 1865. Killed. Command. 0 Wounded. a 0 Captured or missing. 0 LEFT WING. Maj. Gen. HENRY W. SLOCUM. FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Bvt. Maj. Gen. JEFFERSON C. DAVIS. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM P. CARLIN. First Brigade. Byt. Brig. Gen. HARRISON C. HOBART. 104th Illinois 42d Indiana 88th Indiana 33d Ohio 94th Ohio 21st Wisconsin Total First Brigade Second Brigade.* Bvt. Brig. Gen. GEORGE P. BUELL. 13th Michigan 21s1 Michigan 69th Ohio Third Brigade.* Lieut. Col. DAVID MILES. 38th Indiana 21st Ohio 74th Ohio 79th Pennsylvania Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES D. MORGAN. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM YANDEVER. 16th illinois 60th Illinois 10th Michigan 14th Michigan 17th New York Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN G. MITCHELL. 34th Illinois 78th Illinois 98th Ohio 108th Ohio 113th Ohio 121st Ohio Total Second Brigade 1 3 2 4 2 1 5 1...... 5 1 5 6 4 4 3 3 2 2 17 21 6 2 23 32 8 5 52 . 66 3 4 7 1 1 1 I 6, 6 5 10 15 ~ In reserve. 6 6 ChAP. LIX.] 63 a a b Page 64 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, ~~o.Continued. AVERASBOROUGH, MARCH 16 1865Continued. Killed. Command. 0 Wounded. Captured or missing. a a bI 0 Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. BENJAMIN D. FEARING. 85tli Illinois* 86th Illinois 110th Illinois 125th Illinois 22d Indiana 37th Indiana 52d Ohio Total Third Brigadet Total Second Division Total Fourteenth Army Corps TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS. Bvt. Maj. Gen. ALPHETJS S. WILLIAMS. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. NATnANIEL J. JACKSON. First Brigade. Col. JAMES 1. SELFEIDGE. 5th Connecticut 123d New York 141st New York 46th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM HAWLEY. 2d Massachnsetts 13th New Jersey 107th New York 150th ~ ew York 3d Wisconsin Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JAMES S. RoRINsoN. 82d Illinois 101st Illinois 143d New York 61st Ohio 82d Ohio 31st Wisconsin Total Third Brigade 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 4 1 5 8 5 4 20 29 1 18 9 82 110 1 19 9 87 116 1 3 1 7 8 20 4 4 2 1 3 1 4 5 1 3 1 14 13 32 2 5 1 16 3 27 1 1 21 23 1 26 1 18 46 1 1 17 19 4. 1 24 29 3 10 5 101 1 21 144 1 1 7 9 3 3 1 3 3 7 2 2 2 6 8 1~ 1 11 13 3 7 32 TotalFirstDivisiou I 4 16 13 150 I 1 1 34 aDetached with supply train. tThe losses of this brigude by regiroentS are not fully reported. 42 218 6 Page 65 65 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, 4~c.Continued. AYERASBOROUGH, MARCH 16, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. _____ a Command. U PU PU bil a . a . a PU a ~ a ~ a ~ a a a bD 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ .14 THIRD DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. WILLIAM T. WARD. First Brigade. Col. HENRY CASE. 102d flhinois 105th Illinois 129th Illinois 70th Indiana 79th Ohio Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. DANIEL DUSTIN. 13d Indiana 85th Indiana 19th Michigan 22d Wisconsin Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. GaD. WILLIAM COGSWRLL. 20th Connecticnt 33d Massachusetts .. 116th New York 55th Ohio 71d Ohio 26th Wisconsin . . Total Third Brigade Total Third Division 2 4 2 5 3 2 14 11 17 24 1 1 20 17 19 1 31 11 5 68 2 S8 1 4 5 4 21 25 2 2 17 21 4 4 2 6 1 46 55 2 3 12 12 29 1 11 2 14 2 1 15 18 1 3 32 36 9 9 2 5 11 18 3 12 5 90 14 124 5 31 11 204 16 267 Artillery. Maj. Joint A. REYNOLDS. 1st New York Light, Battery I 1st New York Li~ht, BatteryM 1st Ohio Light, Battery C Total Twentieth Army Corps THIRD CAVALRY DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. JUDSON KILPATMICK. First Brigade. Col. THOMAS J. JORDAN. 3d Indiana 8th Indiana S 1 2d Kentucky 3d Kentucky 9th Pennsylvania 1 Total First Brigade I 2 5 U UVOL XLVII, PT 12 9 47 24 154 1 50 485 8 3 4 1 12 5 16 41 8 15 1 53 CHAP. LIX. Page 66 66 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, 4-c.Continned. AVERASBOROUGH, MARCH 16, 1865Continued. Command. ,Secead Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. SMITH ID. ATKINS. 92d Illinois(monnted infantry) 9th Michigan 9th Ohio 10th Ohio McLaughlins (Ohio) Sqnadron Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. GEORGE E. SPENcEE. 1st Alabama 5th Kentucky 5th Ohio Total Third Brigade* Artillery. Wisconsin Light, 10th Battery Total cavalry RECAPITULATION. Fourteenth Army Corps Twentieth Army Corps Cavalry Total Killed. S Wounded. S 0 2 2 2 2 Captured or missing. a a 5 a 0 ~ I 3 a It It It 3 2 2 7 1 1 3 2 17 1 58 3 81 1 19 9 87 116 9 47 24 354 1 50 485 2 17 1 58 1 81 12 8:3 14 499 1 51 682 3 OFFICE flS KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. CONNECTICUT. Lieut. James P. Henderson, 5th Infantry. Lient. Wellington Barry, 20th Infantry. Capt. Eben White, 16th Infantry. ILLINOIS. I Capt. John F. French, 86th Infantry. INDIANA. Lieut. Clinton Lennen, 8tli Cavalry. MASSACHUSETTS. Capt. J. Ingersoll Grafton, 2d Infantry. Lieut. Samuel Storrow, 2(1 Infantry. MICHIGAN. Capt. Leonard Gibbon, l9tli Infantry. j Lieut. Charles G. Pursel, 19th Infantry. NEW YORK. Capt. William G. Barnett, 17th Infantry. I Lieut. David B. Sleight, 150th Infantry. Lient. Richard M. J. Hardenburgh, 143d I Infantry. I OHIO. Capt. James M. Summers, 52d Infantry. Capt. Charles M. Stone, 55th Infantry. PENNSYLVANIA. Capt. John Boal, 9th Cavalry. WISCONSIN. Capt. Carl Schmidt, 26th Infantry. I Lient. Francis R. Klein, 26th Infantry. reported by brigade commander Page 67 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, 4~c.Continued. BENTONYILLE, MARCH 19-21, 1865. Command. RIGHT WING. Maj. Gen. OLIVER 0. HOWARD. FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN. FIRST DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. CHARLES R. WooDs. First Brigade. Brt. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM B. Woons. 12th Indiana 26th Iowa 27th Missouri 31st and 32d Missouri (six companies) 76th Ohio Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. ROBERT F. CATTERSON. 26th flhinois 40th flhinois 103d Illinois 97th Indiana 100th Indiana 6th Iowa 46th Ohio Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. GEORGE A. STONE. 4th Iowa 9th Iowa 25th Iowa 30th Iowa 31st Iowa Total Third Brigade I 1 21 1 6 7 1 9 10 2 2 1 1 3. 2 7 9 4 2 27 33 2 3 8 13 1 11 12 3 1 20 24 1 1 7 9 5 5 6 6 51 63 Total First Division 11 9 99 119 SECOND DIVISION. Maj. Gen. WILLIAM B. HAZEN. First Brigade. Col. THEODORE JONES. 55th Illinois 1 1 116th Illinois 127th Illinois 6th Missonri* 30th Ohio 3 2 57th Ohio Total First Brigade 4 4 Companies A and B, 8th Missouri, attached. 2 1 4 4 1 12 1 1 2 22 CHAP. LIX.] 67 1 8 9 4 4 5 6 4 4 23 5 2 5 9 Page 68 68 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. ICHAP. LIX. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, 4c.Continued. BENTONVILLE, MARCH 19-21, 1865--Continued. ~ommand. Second Brigade. Col. WELLS S. JONES. 111th Illinois 83d Indiana 37th Ohio 47th Ohio 53d Ohio 54th Ohio Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN M. OLIVER. 48th Illinois 90th Illinois 99th Indiana 15th Michigan 70th Ohio Total Third Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Byt. Maj. Gen. JOHN E. SMITH. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM T. CLARK. 634 Illinois 934 Illinois 48th Indiana 59th Indiana 4th Minnesota 18th Wisconsin Second Brigade. Col. CLARK R. WEVER. 56th Illinois 10th Iowa 17th Iowa 26th Missoorit 80th Ohio FOURTH OIVISION4 BVt. Maj. Gen. JOHN M. CORSE. First Brigade. Brig. GaD. ELLIOTT W. RICE. 524 Illinois 66th Indiana 2d Iowa 7th Iowa Killed. 0 ~ Wounded. I 0 3 1 3 1 1 2 Captured or missing. I 0 ii a be HI HI I I I 9 11 1 6~ 4 21 2 I 1 1 Total First Brigade 1 In reserve. Detachment 10th Missouri attached. Partly in reserve. 3 4 1 3 1 1 34 Page 69 69 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, 4~c.Continued. BENTOINYILLE, MARCH 19-21, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured .or missing. _____ a Command. ,J; ,i -~ a . a a - a o a o a a a a 0 12th Illinois 2 2 66th Illinois 1 6 7 81st Ohio Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Lient. Col. FREDERICK J. HURLBTJT. 7th Illinois 50th Illinois 57th Illinois 39th Iowa Total Third Brigade Unassigned. 110th lIT. S. Colored Troops Total Fourth Division ARTILLERY. Lient. Col. WILLIAM H. Ross. 1st Illinois Light, Battery H 1st Michigno Light, Battery B 1st Missouri Light, Battery H Wisconsin Light, 12th Battery Total artillery UNASSIGNED. 29th Missouri (mounted) Total Fifteenth Army Corps SEVENTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. FRANK P. BLAIR, Jr. ESCORT. 11th Illinois Cavalry, Company G FIRST DIVISION. Maj. Gen. JOSEPM A. MOWER. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. FULLER. 64th fllinois 18th Missouri 27th Ohio 39th Ohio Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. MILTON MONTGOMERY. 35th New Jersey 43d Ohio 63d Ohio 25th Wisconsin 1 8 7 7 2 12 14 1 1 2 20 22 1 29 32 1 1 1 I 2 2.... . 2 1 4 5 21 11 153 -.. . ~. 2 190 1 4 8 13 1 3 1 3 8 6 3 9 I 17 4 24 5 30 1 18 54 1 1 Total Second Brigade 1 9 CHAn. LIX.] Second Brigade. Col. RoHERT N. ADAMS Page 70 70 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. c4A., AND K ~LA. R~HAP. t~X. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, ~c.Continued. BENTO~VILLE, MARCH 19-21, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. a a a u ~ u n a a a ~ Q ~ 0 0 ~ Third Brigade. Col. Jonu TILLSON. 10th Illinois 25th Indiana 32d Wisconsin Total Third Brigade* Total First Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. MANNING F. FORCE. Provost Guard. 20th Illinois First Brigade. CoL CASsIuS FAIRCHILD. 30th Illinois 31st Illinois 45th Illinois 12th Wisconsin 16th Wisconsin Second Brigade. Col. GREENHERRY F. WILES. 20th Ohio 68th Ohio 78th Ohio 17th Wisconsin Total Third DivisiOn* FOURTH DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. GILES A. SHITH. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. BENJAHIN F. POTTS. 14th and 15th Illinois (battalion) 53d Illinois 23d Indiana 53d Indiana 32d Ohio Total First Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM W. BELKNAP. 32d Illinois 11th Iowa 13th Iowa 15th Iowa 16th Iowa Total Third Brigade Total Fourth Division 1 13 96 1 40 150 2 1 10 13 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 7 17 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 16 7 26 4 1 17 I 71 30 4 ~Regimental losses not reported in detail. 8 65 22 9 Page 71 CHAP. LIX.] 71 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, ~c.Continued. BENTONYILLE, MARCH 19-21, 1865Continned. Killed. Command. I 0 Wounded. Captured or missing. o 0 a ~ 0 ~ 5 be a be be ARTILLERY. 1st Michigan Light, Battery C Minnesota Light, 1st Battery Ohio Light, 15th Battery UNASSIGNED. 9th Illinois (mounted) Total Seventeenth Army Corps RECAPITULATION. Fifteenth Army Corps Seventeenth Army Corps Total Right Wing LEFT WING. Maj. Gen. HENRY W. SLOCUM. FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Bvt. Maj. Gen. JEFFERSON C. DAVIS. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM P. CARLIN. First Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. HARRISON C. HOBART. 104th Illinois 42d Indiana 88th Indiana lId Ohio 94th Ohio 21st Wisconsin Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. GEORGE P. BUELL. 13th Michigan 21st Michigan 69th Ohio Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Lient. Col. DAVID MILES.* Lieut. Col. ARNOLD McMARAN. 38th Indiana 21st Ohio 74th Ohio 79th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade 1 19 2 123 1 47193 1 21 13 151 2 190 1 19 2 121 1 47 193 2 40 15 276 1 49 383 1 1 11 1 14 1 1 1 7 . 10 5 4 25 3 37 S 10 1 17 53 2 11 1 14 1 2 ...:::I 25 :::: 3 31 2 16 6 109 1 25 159 1 14 1 80 10 106 13 5 44 11 73 4 1 18 3 26 1 31 7 142 24 205 1 1 17 21 1 1 2 10 14 10 4 34 1 5 54 1 11 8 53 1 15 89 Total First Division 4 58 Wonnded March 19. 21 304 2~ 64 45 Page 72 72 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, ~c.Continued. BENTONVILLE, MARCH 19-21, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a Command. ,,i ~i -~ It a a . a . a . a a n a ~ a a a ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES ID. MORGAN. Staff First Brsgede. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM VANDEVER. 16th Illinois 60th Illinois 10th Michigan 14th Michigan 17th New York Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN G. MITCHELL. 34th Illinois 7 78th Illinois 2 8 98th Ohio 1 7 108th Ohio 1 113th Ohio 121st Ohio Total Second Brigade 4 27 Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. BENJAMIN ID. FEARING.* Lient. Col. JAMES W. LANGLEY. Staff 85th Illinoist 86th Illinois 110th Illinois (battalion) 125th Illinois 22d Indiana 37th Indiana (one company) 52d Ohio Total Third Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Byt. Maj. Gen. AHSALOM BAIRD. First Brigade. Col. MORTON C. HUNTER. 82d Indiana 23d Missouri (four companies) 11th Ohio[ (detachment) 17th Ohio 31st Ohio 89th Ohio 92d Ohio 1 9 2 38 2 51 2 11 13 6 7 13 7 3 40 3 5 58 3 10 1 14 19 5 96 3 26 149 1 1 5 7 4 4 8 22 36 22 4 5 23 114 1 1 1 1 15 19 1 1 3 16 19 3 2 20 5 31 4 2 6 3 2 10 1 22 12 6 71 9 99 5 58 19 282 3 43 410 1 1 1. 3 1 1 1 1 2 Total First Brigade I 2 I 4 I 1 * Wounded March 19. Detachedwith supply train. Attached to 92d Ohio. 2 33 46 35 6 5 35 160 Page 73 73 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, ~c.Continued. BENTONVILLE, MARCH 19-21, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a Command. ,Ji ,,i ,1i a . a . a a a ~ a ~ a ~ S a 5 a a ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Brigade. Lient. Col. THOMAS DOAN. 75th Indiana 87th Indiana 101st Indiana 2d Minnesota 105th Ohio Total Second Brigade Third Brigade.~ Col. GEORGE P. ESTE. 74th Indiana 18th Kentucky 14th Ohio 38th Ohio Total Third Division ARTILLERY. hlaj. CHARLES HOUGHTALING. 1st Illinois Light, Battery C 2d Illinois Light, Battery I Indiana Light, 19th Battery Wisconsin Light, 5th Battery Total artillery Total Fourteenth Army Corps TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS. Bvt. Maj. Gen. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS. ENGINEERS. 1st Michigan FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. NATHANIEL J. JACKSON. First Brigade. Col. JAMES L. SELFRIDGE. 5th Connecticut 123d New York 141st New York 46th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM HAWLET. 2d Massachusetts 13th New Jersey 107th New York 150th New York 3d Wisconsin 2 2 2 2 2 6 1 9 4 3 1 8 1 3 2 6 1 4 6 3 14 10 120 42 598 5 111 886 1 1 2. . 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 5 6 Total Second Brigade ~ supply train. 2 51 Page 74 74 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. LCMAP. LIX. Return of Ca8nalties in the Union Forces, 4c.Continued. BENTONYILLE, MARCH 19-21 l865Continued. Brig. Gen. JAMES S. Roninsoit. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command ,i a a . a 9 a 0 ~ 0 a ~ a _________ _ 0 ~ Third Brigade. 1 3 1 1 6 1 2 9 13 7 1 43 1 18 9 4 56 1 37 9 4 60 1 43 Illinois 143d New York 61st Ohio 82d Ohio 31st Wisconsin Total Third Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVI5ION.~ Bvt. Maj. Gen. JOHN W. GEARY. First Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. ARIo PARDEE, Jr. 5th Ohio 29th Ohio 66th Ohio 281h Pennsylvania 147th Pennsylvania Second Brigade. Col. GEORGE W. MINoIL. 33d New Jersey 119th New York 134th New York 154th New York 73d Pennsylvania 109th Penn& ylvania Third Briuade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. HENRY A. BARNUM. OOtn New York 102d New York 137th New York 149th New York 29th Pennsylvania 111th Bvt. Maj. Gen. WILLIAM T. WARD. Col. HENRY CASE. 102d fllinois 105th Illinois 129th Ihinoi3 70th Indiana 79th Ohio bfj 4 8 25 70 107 117 . THIRD DIVISION. Firet Brigade. 1 1 2 II Total First Brigade 1 1 2 ~ Guarding trains March 19. First and Third Brigades reached battle-field on morning of 20th, and were held in reserve Page 75 75 TIlE CAMPAIGN O~ THE CAROLINAS. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, 4c.Continued. BENTONVILLE, MARCH 19-21, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. or a Command. ~i S a a . a . a . u ~ u ~ u ~ a ~ a ~ a 111 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Brigade. Col. DANIEL iDUSrIN. 33d Indiana 85th Indiana... 19th Michigan 22d Wisconsin Total Second Brigade !Jiliird Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM CooswELL. 20th Connecticut 33d Massachusetts 136th New York 55th Ohio 73d Ohio 26th Wisconsin Total Third Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY. Maj. JOHN A. REYNOLDS. 1st New York Light, Battery I 1st New York Light, Battery M 1st Ohio Llght, Battery C Pennsylvania Light, Battery B Total artillery Total Twentieth Army Corps RECAPITULATION. 10 Fourteenth Army Corps Twentieth Army Corps 4 3 5 1 1 1 4 13 6 10 6 26 23 20 4 109 2 3 2 2 9 13 6 110 10 139 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 2 22 10 171 1 54 258 120 22 42 10 598 171 5 1 111 54 10 142 52 769 6 165 1,144 Total Left Wing THIRD CAVALRY DIVISION.* Bvt. Maj. Gen. JTJDSON KILPATHICE. First Brigade. Col. THOMAS J. JORDAN. 3d Indiana 8th Indiana 2d Kentucky 3d Kentucky 9th Pennsylvania Second Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. SMITH D. ATKINS. 92d Illinois (mounted infantryl 9th Michigan 9th Ohio 10th Ohio McLaughlins (Ohio) Squadron * Not actively engaged. CHAP. LIX.] 36 9 27 29 31 5 137 886 25 Page 76 76 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces, 4c. Continued. BENTONVILLE, MARCH 19-21, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a - Command. H a a . a . a . 8 H a a ~ a H Q ~ Third Brigade. Col. GEORGE E. SPENCER. 1st Alabama 5th Kentucky 5th Ohio Artillery. Wisconsin Light. 10th Battery Grand total Shermans army 12 182 67 1, 045 7 214 1, 527 OFFICERS KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. ILLINOIS. Lieut. George T. Beers, 78th Infantry. Capt. William B. Bogardus, 86th Infan- Lient. William E. Summers, 78th Infan- try. try. INDIANA. Lieut. Samnel D. Webb, 19th Battery Lieut. John Q. A. Steele, 42d Infantry. Light Artillery. Lient. Ephraim Rutledge, 42d Infantry. Licut. Nicholas Moser, 22d Infantry. Lieut. George W. Seelye, 88th Infantry. Capt. James H. Low, 38th Infantry. Lient. Isaac A. Slater, 88th Infantry. Lieut. Charles S. Deweese, 38th Infantry. MICHIGAN. Maj. Willard G. Eaton, 13th Infantry. OHIO. Lient. David R. Potts, 32d Infantry. I Lient. John M. Branum, 98th Infantry. Capt. Marqnis de L. Hare, 70th Infantry. Capt. Hugo Elzner, 108th Infantry. Capt. William Ballentine, 82d Infantry. Capt. Charles P. Cavis, 121st Infantry. WISCONSIN. Lient. Edward T. Midgley, 21st Infantry. No. 4. Itinerary of the Union Forces, January 1June 30, 1865.* RIGHT WING (ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE).t FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS4 First Division. ~February.]Dnring the month this division has been campaigning in South Carolina, leaving the neighborhood of Pocotaligo abont the 1st instant, and moving by way of Colnmbia to its present camp ~ From returns of the commands indicated. t Commanded by Maj. Gen. Oliver 0. howard. ~ Commanded by Maj. Gen. John A. Logan Page 77 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 77 grounds. At and near Bamberg the division destroyed some ten miles of the Augusta and Charleston Railroad, and at Columbia upward of 1,300 bales of cotton, together with a large lot of rebel government munitions of war, were destroyed by this command. February 1 to 28, inclasire.The division has captured from the enemy 6 commissioned officers and 139 enlisted men. [March.]During the month this division marched from Big Lynchs Creek, S.C., via Cheraw and Fayetteville, to Goldsborough, N. C., living from the country, both men and animals the latter entirely, the former nearly so. Near Bentonville, N. C., the division was engaged with the balance of the army corps in battling with rebels for the right, losing during the skirmish fighting, which lasted three days, 118 killed and wounded; 11 enlisted men killed and 8 officers wounded. April 1 to the morning of the lOth.The division occupied its camp around Goldsborough, N. C. At the latter date the command moved out, passing Nahunta Station and Folks Bridge (over Little River) to Raleigh, entering the city on the 14th of the month. A truce occurring between the two armies about this time, there was no further movement until April 29, when the march northward toward Richmond began, this division moving on that day beyond Neuse River and encamped on the 30th. May 1.This division left camp near Neuse River, nine miles from Raleigh, N. C., and began the march toward Washington, moving via Petersburg, Richmond, and Alexandria. Arrived at Washington in time to take part in the review of the Military Division of the Mississippi, May 24, and immediately moved on to the camp assigned near Crystal Springs, some two miles from the city of Washington, where the command is now [May 31] located. First Brigade, First Division. February 1.In the morning this brigade left McPhersonville, S.C., where it was encamped. February 7.It reached the Augusta and Charleston Railroad near Bamberg, S. C., where it remained until the 9th, during which time it destroyed four miles of railroad track. February 9.In the morning it again moved, and after constantly marching it reached Columbia, S. C., on the 17th, where it remained until the afternoon of the 20th. February 20.It again moved. February 2G.In the morning reached Lynchs Creek, where it is still [February 28] encamped. Distance marched during the month, 225 mile~. Loss during the month was eight enlisted men, supposed to be captured. March 1.This brigade left Lynchs Creek, S. C., and marched, via New Market, Laurel Hill, and Cheraw, to Fayetteville, N. C., which place it reached on the 12th. March 14.Crossed the Cape Fear River near Fayetteville, N. C. March 15.Was ordered to guard the trains of the several divisions of the Fifteenth Corps, which were ordered to move in rear of the troops. March 16.In the morning it moved, via Beam[an]s Cross-Roads, to Buck Creek, N C., which place it reached March 20, and there met orders to join the corps, then at Bentonville, N. C.,, wli ich it did on the 21st, and took a position between the Second and Third Brigades Page 78 78 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. then confronting ilokes division of the rebel army. Its skirmishers advanced, driving the rebels from their skirmish pits with small loss. During the night the enemy abandoned their works. March 22.At daylight the brigade was ordered to move in the direction of Bentonville, N. C., but, finding no enemy, was ordered to move in the direction of Goldsborough, N. C., which place we reached on the 24th instant, and are now encamped near the town. Distance marched during the month, 200 miles. Number of killed, wounded, and missing during the month was 2 commissioned officers and 28 enlisted men. April 10.This brigade left camp near Goldsborough, iN. C., and marched, via Pineville, to Raleigh, N. C., which place it reached April 14, where it remained until April 29, when it moved in the direction of Louisburg, N. (IX; crossed the Neuse River and encamped one mile from it and near Rogers Cross-Roads, where it is now [April 30] encamped. Distance marched during the month was nearly seventy miles. Loss in killed, wounded, and missing, none. May 1.This brigade left its camp near Neuse River and marched, via Lawrenceville and Petersburg, to Manchester, opposite Richmond, Ya., which place it reached May 10. May 13.Marched across the James, through Richmond via Hanover Court-House, Dumfries, and Occoquan, to Alexandria, which place it reached May 19. After the review at Washington, D. C., moved two miles north of the city and encamped near Crystal Springs, where it yet [May 31] remains. [June.]The brigade has been encamped near Louisville, Ky., dur- ing the entire month. Second Division. February 1.The division marched from Pocotaligo Station, on the Savannah and Charleston Railroad, reaching IDack Branch at noon February 2; skirmishing by the advance the greater part of the time. February 7.Struck the South Carolina Railroad at Bamberg; erected temporary works and assisted in the destruction of said road at this point. February 10.Crossed the South Edisto River at Holmans Bridge, and went into camp at the forks of the Oraugeburg and Columbia roads. February 11.Marched on the Orangeburg road, reaching Poplar Springs at 4 p. m. and went into camp. February 12.Marched to Shillings Bridge, over the North Edisto River; found the bridge burned and the enemy intrenched on the oppo- site side; effected a crossing by wading and on fallen timber, com- pletely surprising the rebels and taking 57 prisoners with the loss of 5 wounded. February 13.Crossed Caw Caw, Sadlers, and Little Crotchpeu Swamps, making thirteen miles. February 14.Marched on the Columbia road, crossing Big Beaver Creek at 10 a. in.; crossed Sandy Run at Sandy Run Post-Office at ip. m. February 15.Marched in the direction of Columbia on the old State road. February 1G.Crossed Congaree Creek atCongaree bridge, and moved by the left flank to the Saluda River, driving the enemy across. A crossing was effected at the Sainda Mills on pontoons, the bridge being burned Page 79 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 79 February 17.Crossed Broad River on pontoons, bridge being burned; marched through the city of Columbia at 5.30 p. m. and took up posi- tion on the Columbia and South Carolina Railroad. February 18 and 19.Assisted iu the destruction of the railroad at this point. February 20.Marched on Camden road eleven miles, then took the road to Muddy Springs, at which place the division encamped for the night. February 21.Marched twenty-two miles and went into camp on Dutchmans Creek. February 22.Crossed the Wateree at Peays Ferry on pontoons; made two miles and went into camp on Singletons Creek. February 23.Marched at 1 p. in., passing Liberty Hill and marching on Camden road six miles; then on settlement road across to Lan- caster and Camden road; encamped at Red Hill Post-Office, near Flat Rock. February 24.Marched in the direction of Camden; passed by, leav- ing the town on the right, and went into camp at Marengo Mills, six miles from Camden. February 25.Marched to Sandy Grove Church and went into camp. February 26.Marched on Darlington road, reaching Kellys Bridge at 11 a. m. The water was found very high and rising, extending nearly a mile in width. Two brigades were crossed by wading waist-deep. It was impossible for the train to cross. February 27 and 28.Division still at Kellys Bridge; water falling slowly. March 1.The division moved from Kellys Bridge to Kellytown; distance, six miles. March 2.Marched four miles and encamped. March 3.Marched twenty miles and encamped on Juniper Creek. March 4.Marched to Cheraw; distance, thirteen miles. March 5.Marched four miles~ crossed Great Pedee River. March 7.Marched ten miles and encamped on Crooked Creek. March 8.Marched to Laurel Hill; distance, fourteen miles. March 9.Marched fourteen miles; crossed Lumber River on pontoons and encamped at Bethel Church. March 10.Made four miles, corduroying all the way. March 11.Marched seventeen miles and encamped on Little Rockfish Creek. March 12.Marched six miles and a half and encamped near Fayette- ville. March 14.Marched three miles, crossing Cape Fear River, and encamped on Warsaw road. March 15.Marched to Bethany Church; distance, nine miles. March 16.Marched eight miles, crossing Black Creek, and encamped near Wesley Chapel. March 17.Marched to Peters Cross-Roads; distance, eight miles. March 18.Marched fifteen miles. March 19.Marched in the direction of Everettsville until 11 oclock at night, then coantermarched to re-enforce the Fourteenth and Twen- tieth Corps, who had engaged the enemy near Bentonville; distance marched, twenty-four miles. March 21.Went into position on the left of the Fourteenth Corps; built works and took part in the engagement of Bentonville. March 22.Marched ten miles Page 80 80 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP LIX. March 23.Marched within six miles of Goldsborough; (listance marched, eight miles. March 24.Crossed Neuse River and encamped on north side of New Berne railroad. March 25.Threw up works and established camp. March 2G to 31.In camp at Goldsborongh, N. C. Number of miles marched during the month, 197. April 1.Division in camp at Goldsborongh, N. C. April 10.Broke camp at 7.30 a. in., marching on Snow Hill road seven miles, then on road leading to Pikeville; crossed Weldon and Wilmington Railroad and went into camp at 6 p. in. at Nahunta Church, three miles from Pikeville, on road leading to Whitleys Mill; distance marched, sixteen miles. April 11.Broke camp at 7 a. in.; marched five miles on Pikeville and Whitleys Mill road; thence to the right on Lowell road; crossed Little River and encamped at dark at Lowell Factory; distance marched, - twelve miles. April 12.Broke camp at 8.30 a. in.; marched three miles on Smith- ville road; thence to the right on Raleigh road; encamped near Pine- yule at 6 p. in.; marched fourteen miles. April 13.Marched at 10.30 a. in., taking the Oxford road until striking the Raleigh road; went into camp at 5.30 p. m. near ilintons Bridge, on Neuse River; distance marched, sixteen miles. April 14.Broke camp at 9 a. ni.; crossed Neuse River and marched through Raleigh. General Sherman reviewed the division while passing throngh the city. Went into camp four miles northeast of the city at 5 p. m; distance marched, twelve miles. Remained in camp until the 18th, when the division was moved within one mile of the city to the north. Remained in camp until the 29th, when the division broke camp at 10 a. in.; crossed Neuse River and went into camp; marched eleven miles and a half. April 30.In camp; troops mnstered for pay. Number of miles marched during the month, about eighty-one and a half. June 2.Left Washington, D. C., for Louisville, Ky. June 7.Arrived at Louisville and went into camp four miles from the city, where we remaimied until the 25th, during which time the com- mand was paid off. June 26.Embarked in transports for Little Rock, Ark. First Brigade, Second Division. February 1.The command marched from Pocotaligo Station, S. C. February 2.Reached Duck Branch at noon and skirmished with the enemy the entire afternoon, routing him. February 7.Struck the South Carolina Railroad at Ramberg; erected temporary works and assisted in the destruction of the road at that point. February 9.Can~ e up with the enemy about noon, drivinghim across the South E disto River. Were delayed some time in crossing the North Edisto River, but succeeded in doing so by a flank movement to the right, the command wading the swamp waist-deep. Rebels retreated. February 16.Skirmished with the enemy the entire day; crossed the Saluda and Broad Rivers four miles above Columbia Page 81 Ca~p. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 81 February 17.Passed through the city and went into camp. Remained in same position until February 20, assisting in the destruction of a large portion of the Columbia Branch and South Carolina Railroad in the meantime. February 20.Marched with the army and continued on the move up to the present date; distance marched during the month, 212 miles. March 1.The brigade marched with the division, crossing Lynchs Creek and continued on the move until the afternoon of the 12th instant, when it went into camp one mile and a half south of Fayetteville, N. C. March 14.Remained in same position until noon, at which time it crossed Cape Fear River and continued moving until the 20th, when the division was ordered to re-enforce the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps near Bentonville, N. C. A skirmish line was thrown forward and a sharp skirmish ensued, our loss being 3 enlisted meii killed and 4 commissioned officers and 9 enlisted men wounded, the command gaining its position assigned them on the lines. March 21.Changed position to the right and threw up works; sharp skirmishing during the afternoon, the casualties of the command being 1 commissioned officer and 3 enlisted men wounded. Rebels retreated during the night. March 22.Marched early in the morning, reaching Goldsborough, N. C., at noon the 24th instant, and went into camp two miles east of the city, in which position it remained during the month. Total distance marched during the month, 194 miles. April 10.Remained in camp at (ii-oldsborotigh, N. C., at which time the brigade marched with division toward Raleigh, N. C., where it arrived on the 14th and went into camp, where it renmained until April 29, when it broke camp and marched toward Petersburg, Va., encamp- ing on the evening of the same day at Rogers Cross-Roads, N. C. April 30.Remained in same camp; the command mustered for pay. Total distance marched during the month, eighty-one miles. Third Brigade, Second Division. February 1.Marched twelve miles. February 2.Skirmished with the enemys cavalry; marched fourteen miles. February 3.The Forty-eighth Illinois drove the enemy from the crossing of Duck Creek. February 4.Marched twelve miles. February 5.Marched eight miles. February 6.Marched eight miles. February 7.Marched seven miles and destroyed one mile of South Carolina Railroad. February 8.Remained in camp. February 9.Marched eight miles. February 10.Crossed South Edisto River; marched three miles. February 11.Marched fourteen miles. February 12.Crossed North Edisto River; marched ten miles. February 13.Marched eleven miles. February 14.Marched seventeen miles. February 15.Marched six miles; the enemy shelled our camp, kill- ing 1 commissioned officer and wounding 1 man in Forty-eighth illinois. February 16.Marched seven miles; crossed Saluda Creek. February 17.Crossed Broad River; marched five miles and encamped in suburbs of Columbia, S. C. 6 R HVOL XLVII, PT Page 82 82 OPERATIONS IN N. C., ~. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. February 18.Destroyed first and ninth miles of Charleston and Columbia Railroad. February 19.Remained in camp. February 20.Marched eighteen miles. February 21.Marched twenty-two miles. February 22.Marched eleven miles and crossed Wateree River. February 23.Marched ten miles. February 24.Marched seventeen miles. February 25.Marched eight miles. February 26.Marched ten miles. February 27.Crossed Lynchs Creek. February 28.Remained in camp. March 1.Moved at 5.30 p. in.; marched six miles and encamped at Kellytown. March 2.Marched four miles and went into camp. March 3.Marched twenty miles and encamped on Juniper Creek. March 4.Marched to Cheraw; distance, thirteen miles. March 5.Marched four miles; crossed Creat Pedee River. March 7.Marched ten miles and encamped at Crooked Creek. March 8.Marched to Laurel Hill; distance, fourteen miles. March 9.Marched fourteen miles, crossing Lumber River on poi~- toon bridge and encamped at Bethel Church. March 10.Corduroyed about four miles of road. Brigade head- quarters distant from yesterdays camp three miles. March 11.Marched seventeen miles and encamped on Little Rock- fish Creek, seven miles from Fayetteville. March 12.Marched six miles and a half and encamped near Fay- etteville. March 14.Marched three miles, crossing Cape Fear River, and encamped on Warsaw road. March 15.Marched to Bethany Church, distance nine miles, on Goldsborongh road. ilarch 16.Marched eight miles, crossing Black Creek, and encamped near Wesley Chapel. March 17.Marched to Peters Cross-Roads; distance, eight miles. March 18.Marched fifteen miles and encamped. March 19.Marched in direction of Everettsville until 11 oclock at night, then countermuarched to re-enforce the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, who had engaged the enemy; distance marched, twenty-four miles. March 21.Changed position and put up works and took part in the engagement of that day. Captain Hare, of the Seventieth Ohio, was killed. March 22.Marched ten miles on Everettsville road and encamped. March 23.Marched eight miles and encamped six miles from Golds- borough. March 24.To-day we cross the Keuse River and encamp near Golds- borough, N. C., which ends our campaign. March 25 to 31.Remained in camp. April 1.Were encamped two miles east of Goldsborongh, N. C. April 2.The Second Division reviewed by General Hazen. Remained in camp until April 10, when we broke camp at 7.30 a. In.; the Third Brigade, occupying the advance, marched on the Snow Hill moad seven miles, then took road leading to Pikeville; crossed Weldon and Wilmington Railroad, and went into camp at 6 p. in. at Nahunta Church, three miles fiom Pikeville, on ro ad leading to Whitleys Mill; distance marched, sixteen miles Page 83 C~p. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 83 April 11.Left camp at 7 a. in.; marched in rear of division, repair- ing road for trains; marched five miles on Pikeville and Whitleys Mill road, then moved to the right on Lowell road; crossed Little River and encamped at 9 p. m. near Lowell Factory; distance, twelve miles. Corduroyed thee miles of road. April 12.Broke camp at 8.30 a. in.; Third Brigade, occupying the center of the division, marched three miles on Smithfield road, then turned to the, right on Raleigh road; went into camp near Pineville at 6 p. in.; distance, fourteen miles. April 13.Marched at 10.30 a. in., taking the Oxford road until striking the Raleigh road; took Raleigh road and went into camp at 5.30 p. m. near ilintons Bridge, on Nense River. April 14.Marched at 9 a in.; crossed Neuse River and entered the city of Raleigh, General Sherman reviewing the troops while passing through the city; went into camp four miles northeast of city at 5 p. in.; distance, twelve miles. Remained in camp nntil the 18th; moved camp within one mile north of Raleigh. Remained in camp until the 29th; broke camp at 9 a. in.; occupied advance of division; marched on Raleigh and Louisburg road; crossed Neuse River and went into camp one mile from river at 4 p. in.; dis- tance, eleven miles and a half. - April 30.Remained in camp all day; troops mustered for pay. May 1.Two days march from Raleigh, N. C., en route for Washing- ton, D. C. May 10.Arrived at Manchester, Va., opposite Richmond. May 13.Left camp at Manchester; marched through Richmond. May 19.Went into camp four miles from Alexandria, Va. May 21.Moved camp from Alexandria. May 23.Moved camp near the Long Bridge across the Potomac River. May 24.Crossed the river to Washington, ID. C., and were reviewed by the President and General-in-Chief of the Army, and went into camp two miles and a half from the city. June 2.Left Washington, D. C., for Louisville, Ky. June 7.Arrived at Louisville and went into camp near that city. June 23.Brig. Gen. A. V. Rice, U. S. Volunteers, assumed command of brigade, relieving Colonel Hutchinson, Fifteenth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, iii compliance with Special Orders, No. 147, headquarters Fifteenth Army Corps, dated June 17, 1865. June 25.Left camp near Louisville, Ky., and embarked on steamers for Little Rock, Ark. Third Divisioii. February 1.Broke camp at MePhersonville, S. C., and marched to Hickory Hill. February 2.Marched to Andersons Cross-Roads. February 3.Marched to Duck Creek, at which point our foragers had a sharp skirmish with the enemy. February 4.Marched to Harrisons Cross-Roads. February 5.Crossed Big Salkehatchie River at Bufords Bridge and encamped at Noyes plantation. February 6.Crossed Little Salkehatchie at Lanes Bridge, after a heavy skirmish with about 1,500 rebel cavalry strongly intrenched, and encamped on Doctor Fishburns plantation Page 84 84 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. February 7.Marched to Bamberg Station, on South Carolina Rail- road. February 8.Destroyed three miles and a half of South Carolina Railroad. February 9.Marched to Grahams Turnont. February 10.Destroyed two miles and a half of South Carolina Railroad and marched to ilolmans Cross-Roads. February 11.Crossed South Edisto River, passing through Willow Swamp, one mile wide and water two feet deep. February 12.On the march; held in readiness during the day to support Second Division, which was skirmishing with the enemy at Shillings Bridge; crossed North Edisto River after dark and encamped near Orangeburg road. February 13.Marched to near Big Crotchpen Creek. February 14.Marched to near Sandy Run Post-Office. February 15.Moved to Bates Ferry and made demonstration (sharp skirmish) to cross Congaree River while remainder of corps was operating toward Columbia; moved np at night to near Congaree Creek. February 16.Awaiting further orders nearly all day; crossed Saluda River at Saluda Factory after dark and encamped on Columbia road near Broad River bridge. February 17.Crossed Broad River and marched to and through Columbia, S. C., encamping one mile east of city. February 19.All explosion took place while a detail of about 1,200 men (which had been oidered on the 18th) were destroying ordnance stores at the river, by which 1 commissioned officer and 3 enlisted men were killed and 21 enlisted men severely burned and wounded. A large amount of ordnance, ordnance stores, ammnnition, and machinery were destroyed. February 20.Marched to near Rice Creek. February 21.Marched to.Harrisons Cross-Roads. February 22.Crossed Wateree River and encamped near the same. February 23.Marched to near Flat Rock. February 24.Marched to Wests Cross- Roads. February 25.Command was attacked by portion of Butlers cavalry command. The enemy were driven off, having lost severely. February 2G.Marched to Kellys Bridge, on Lynchs Creek. February 27 and 28.In camp waiting for bridge to be constructed over Lynchs Creek, it being too high to lbrd. March 1.In camp at Kellys Ferry waiting for bridge to be built across Lynchs Creek. March 2.Crossed Lynchs Creek over bridge 580 yards long, which had been constructed by pioneer corps, and marched to Kellytown. March 3.Marched twenty-nine miles and encamped on Juniper Creek. The advance of column was attacked by rebel cavalry dressed in our uniforms; loss, 1 commissioned officer and 2 enlisted men. March 4.Crossed Thompsons Creek; marched to and through Cheraw, encamping one mile northwest of town. March 5.Crossed Great Pedee River; had sharp skirmish with rear guard of enemy, capturing 4 caissons filled with ammunition, and 2 forges and 1 battery wagon. from all which the horses were cut; encamped near Phills Creek. March 6.In camp running grist-m4lls. March 7.Marched to Oldhams plantation, one mile from State line. March 8.Marched to Laurel Hill Page 85 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 85 March 9.A portion of command encamped at iRandalisyille, and a portion was mired in the quicksand near Lumber River; did not suc- ceed in getting all across Lumber River until 6.30 a. m. 10th instant. March 10.Crossed and encamped near Raft Swamp. March 11.Marched to Nelsons Post-Office. March 12.Marched to near Fayetteville. March 13.In camp; command being inspected. March 14.Marched through Fayetteville and crossed Cape Fear River. March 15.Sent a~l non-veterans as guard to refugees to Wilming- toii, N. C.; command to within two miles of South River. March 16.-Marched to forks of road near head of Jones Swamp. March 17.Marched to Jacksons Cross-Roads. March 18.Marched to iNewtons Cross-Roads. March 19.Marched to Falling Creek School-House. Portion of com- mand had a skirmish with the enemy at Coxs Bridge, on Neuse River, at which point one brigade encamped. March 20.One brigade attacked the enemy near Coxs Bridge (who were in intrenchments and had four pieces of artillery) and compelled them to cross the river and burn the bridge. The remainder of division moved forward to and near Bentonville, and was held in reserve during the operations at that point. March 21.Division held in reserve during the operations of the day. March 23.Marched to and encamped near Falling Creek on Everetts- ville road. March 24.-Marched to and crossed Neuse River; marched through Goldsborough and encamped one mile east of town at w mand now [March 31] remains. , hich the com Distance marched since leaving Savannah, 485k miles. Number of marching days, forty-six. First Brigade, Third Division. February 1.Left camp at MePhersonville, S. C. February 7.Reached Bamberg, on the Augusta and Charleston Railroad. February 8.Destroyed railroad. February 9.Marched eastward seven miles and bivouacked. February 10.Destroyed railroad. February 12.Crossed North Fork Edisto River and marched, via Orangeburg, to Columbia, S. C., reaching that place February 17. February 18 and 19.Near Columbia and destroying military stores in the city. February 20.Left Columbia and marched, via Poplar Grove Post- Office, Peays Ferry, on Wateree River, and Flat Rock Post-0ffi3e, to within one mile of Kellys Ferry, on Big Lynchs Creek, arriving there February 26. February 27 and 28.In camp. Distance marched during the month, 230 miles. March 1.In camp at Kellys Ferry, S. C. March 2.Crossed Lynchs Creek at Kellys Ferry bridge. March 3.Marched twenty-six miles, crossing Big Black Creek. March 4.Encamped one mile west of Cheraw. March 5.Crossed Great Pedee River at Cheraw and bivouacked. March 6.In camp at Grants plantation. March 8.Reached Lanrel Hill Page 86 86 OPERATIONS IN N. 0., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX~ March 10.Crossed Lumber Creek and bivouacked. March 12.Crossed Rockfish Creek and bivouacked. March 14.Crossed Cape Fear River. March 18.Encamped at Newton Grove. March 21.Encamped at Mill Creek, near Bentonville. March 24.Crossed Neuse River and encamped near Goldsborongh, where the command has remained until present date [March 31]. Distance marched through the month, 1943 miles. Second Brigade, Third Division. [February.]During this month this command has marched from near McPhersonville, in this St ate, to this point [Lynchs Creek, S. C.]. February 6.This brigade canie upon the enemy at the Little Salke- hatchie River strongly posted behind an almost impassable swamp an(L with their position fortified. The men struggled through the morass and tangled undergrowth, drove the enemy into their works, charged and (lrove them in precipitate flight from the crossing, thereby enabling the remainder of the command to cross without loss or hindrance. February 9 and 10.The brigade destroyed railroad near Grahams Station, on the Charleston and Augusta Railroad. February 16.In the night crossed the Saluda River at its con- fluence with the Broad River. February 17.Crossed Broad River and entered Columbia. February 20.Left Columbia, since which time to the 26th the com- mand has been marching to this place. March 2.Crossed Lynchs Creek. March 4.Marched through Cheraw. March 5.Crossed Great Pedee River. March 8.Crossed the State line and entered the Old North State. March 12.Went into temporary camp au Fayetteville. March 14.Crossed Cape Fear River. March 16.Crossed South River. March 18.Crossed Cohera River. March 19.Tenth Iowa drove the enemy from Coxs Cross-Roads. March 20.In obedience to orders from superior headquarters the command moved out at 5 a. in. to drive the enemy from Coxs Bridge, and compel them, if possible, to destroy it. After some slmarp skirmish- imig, and in the face of a heavy artillery fire, the enemy were drivemi across the bridge, firing it as they passed over. The whole was accomn- phished with a loss of only three men wounded. After driving the enemy from the bridge the command marched as guard to time entire corps train to near Mill Creek, where our forces had engaged the enemy, arriving there about 9 p. in., when we bivouacked in reserve. March 22.-Remnained in camp on battle-field. March 24.Crossed Neuse River and went into camp near Golds- borough, where we still [March 31] remain. Fourth Division. [February.]This division has marched 260 miles during the month. February 4.Left its temporary encampment at Sisters Ferry, on the Savannah River. Crossing the river at this point the division moved, via Robertsville, Hickory Hill, Rivers Bridge, Sandy Run Post- Office, to Columbia, S. C., crossing en route the Coosawhatchie and Whippy Swamps, Augusta and Charleston Railroad, both branche Page 87 CHAP. tI~ THE CAMPAIGN OP THE CAkOLINAS. 87 Edisto River, Little Beaver Creek, Congaree Creek, and the Saluda and Broad Rivers, and traversing portions of the Rock Spring, Law- tonville, and Gillisonville roads, Hickory Hill, State, Columbia and Charleston, roads. February 17.The comm and entered Columbia. February 18 and 19.Was engaged in destroying the Columbia and South Carolina Railroad. February 20.Moved to Muddy Springs, and from thence over por- tions of the Camden and Rocky Mount roads, crossing Dutchmans Creek, via Poplar Springs, to Peays Ferry, on the Wateree River. February 23.The march from this point was taken up and con- tinued on Camden road, via Liberty lull, across White Oak and Saun- ders Creeks, to the left of Camden, a portion of the division passing through Camden; thence upon the Camden and Cheraw road, via Pine Tree Meeting-House, to Tillers Bridge, on Lynchs Creek, where the command is ncw [February 28~ in position and bivouac. The division has had slight skirmishing at Columbia, Camden, and Lynchs Creek, and placed twenty miles of corduroy. [March.]This division has marched from Lynchs Creek, S. C. (Tillers Bridge), to Goldsborough, N C., a distance of 240 miles, passing through the following cities or villages, viz, Cheraw, S. C.; Springfield, N. C.; Laurel Hill, Rockflsh Factory, Fayetteville, New- ton Grove, and Goldsborough, N. C., amid crossing the following- named creeks and rivers, viz, Black, Juuil)er, and Thompsons Creeks, Great Pedee and Lumber Rivers, Davis Creek, Little and Big Rock- fish Creeks, Cape Fear and South Rivers, Little and Big Coliera, Fall- ing and Mill Creeks, and Neuse River. Participated iii the following engagements with the enemy: On South River, Little Cohera Creek, March 20 amid 21 at Mill Creek. The division now occupies an intreuched position two miles east of Goldsborough, on the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad. [illay.]Divisiou has marched during this mouth from Neuse River, N. C., to Washington, D. C., a distaimce of 211 miles, occupying sixteen days. Second Brigade, Fourth Division. February 1, 2, and 3.The brigade was lying at Sisters Ferry, Savannah River, Ga., whither it had marched with the division from Savannah en route to join the corps. February 3.In the afternoon the brigade was relieved by the general commanding the division. February 4.In the evening the brigade crossed the Savannah River and went into camp for the night two miles from the ferry. February 5.It again resumed the march, and since that time has been constantly with its division on its marches through South Car- oliim a. February 17.The brigade entered Columbia, S. C.; passed through the city and encamped one mile east of it. February 18 and 19 were spent in destroying the Columbia and Wilmington Railroad. February 20.The line of march was again taken up. February 24.Colonel Adams was ordered to take a detachment of his command and proceed to Camden, S. C. The place was entered aftei a slight skirmish with the eneimmy without loss. Fourteen soldiers who were prisoners were released amid (3 rebels who were guarding the Page 88 88 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND F. FLA. [CHAP. Lix. captured; 2 depot buildings, an engine house, and a building contain- ing a large amount of commissary stores were destroyed. About 2,000 bales of cotton and a flouring mill containing a large quantity of grain were destroyed. In the skirmish on entering the town 1 of the enemy was killed and 8 captured. The detachment rejoined the command at dark six miles northeast of the town. February 26.The brigade reached Lynchs Creek, since when the command has been in camp on the north bank of the stream. March 1.The brigade broke camp on Lynchs Creek; marc bed ten miles and encamped on Black Creek, S. C. March 4.Entered Cheraw, S. C. Nothing of importance occnrred during the march from Cheraw to Fayetteville, N. C., a distance of sixty-five miles. From this point our movements were not encumbered by the supply trains, there being a special detail made to guard them. March 1G.Marched ten miles, when the brigade being in the advance encountered the enemy. The Eighty-first Ohio was ordered forward to dislodge them, and with a heavy skirmish line drove them some distance, when it was discovered that he had taken up a strong posi- tion with his flanks protected~ by swamps. A section of the First Missouri Light Artillery was put in position, the skirmish line strength- ened, and the enemy was driven from his position. At this point the brigade was relieved, and bearing to the left proceeded on the march. Our loss was one man woun(led. March 19.Encamped on Neuse River and intrenched. March 20.Moved with the division in the direction of Bentonville; encountered the enemy about noon on Mill Creek; threw up two lines of works. March 21.The main line was advanced some 200 yards and a new line of works constructed. In the afternoon orders were received to advance the skirmish line, and, if possible, capture the enemys rifle- pits. The line was strengthened and succeeded in taking the pits, but owing to their nearness to the enemys main line it was found impossible to hold them. During the night the enemy evacuated his works. March 23.The brigade took up the line of march for Goldsborough, where it arrived by easy marches on the evening of the 24th, since when it has lain encamped near Goldsborough, N. C. April 1 to 9, inclusivc.Brigade was in camp near Goldsborough, N. C. April 10 to 14, inclusive.Marched, via Pikeville, Lowell Factory, Pineville, and ilintons Bridge, to Raleigh, N. C., sixty-two miles. April 16 to 23, inclusivc.Jn camp near Raleigh. April 26.This command was known as the First Brigade, Third Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. Under date of April 26 orders were issued from headquarters Fifteenth Army Corps dissolving the Third Division, by which the First Brigade was consolidated with a part of the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, to be known as the Second Bri- gade, Fourth Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. In the transfer the Ninety-third Illinois Volunteers, formerly of the First Brigade, Third Division, was lost to this command, and the Eighty-first Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, of the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, gained. April 29.Marched from Raleigh to Rogers Bridge, on the Neuse River; ten miles. April 30.Remained in camp. Total distance marched during month, seventy-two miles. May 1.Broke camp on Neuse River, N. C., en route for Peters- burg, Va., where it arrived May 7 Page 89 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 89 ]Jliay 9.Left for Richmond, Ya., where it arrived May 11. May 13.Moved through Richmond, en route for Alexandria, Va., where it arrived May 20. May 21.Passed through Washington in review to present camp, north of Washington, D. C. June 2.Broke camp at Washington City, ID. C., and started by rail- road to Parkersburg, where we arrived June 5; thence by transports by the Ohio River to Louisville, Ky., where we arrived June 8, estab- lishing present camp at Woodlawn, Ky., seven miles distant from Louisville, Ky. Third Brigade, Fourth Division. June 3.The brigade left Washington and proceeded by rail to Park. ersburg, W. Va., and from thence by transports to Louisville; went into camp and has been engaged in the ordinary routine of camp and garrison duty since. There has been no military operations during the month, except the change of camp. Artillery Brigade. [February.]The command participated in the campaign from Beau- fort, S. C., under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, marching during the month 256 miles. February 1.Twelfth Wisconsin Battery engaged the enemy at Hickory Hill, S. C., firing twenty-six rounds. February 3.Company H, First Illinois Light Artillery, engaged the enemy at Store, S. C., firing five ronnds. February 6.Company B, First Michigan Light Artillery, shelled the enemy at Little Salkehatchie River, firing six rounds. February [15].Company H, First Illinois Light Artillery, expended three rounds of ammunition near Congaree Creek. February 15.Twelfth Wisconsin Battery engaged the enemy near Congaree Creek, firing thirty rounds; Company B, First Michigan Light Artillery, fired six roands near Congaree Creek. February 1G.Company II, First Illinois Light Artillery, Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, and Company II, First Missouri Light Artillery, engaged in shelling the city of Columbia, S. C., firing 215 rounds. ENGAGEMENTS TWELFTH WISCONSIN BATTERY. March 20.Skirmished with the enemy near Falling Creek, N. C. March 21.Fight near Mill Creek. COMPANY B~ FIRST MICHIGAN LIGHT ARTILLERY. March 20.Skirmished with the enemy at Falling Creek, N. C. March 21.Fight near Mill Creek. COMPANY H~ FIRST MISSOURI LIGHT ARTILLERY. March 16.Skirmished with the enemy near Little Ilockfish [Little Cohera] Creek. March 21.Fight near Mill Creek, N. C. Miles marched by the command during the month, 201. Jllarch 31.Batteries in position covered by strong works in the line of defenses at Goldsborongh, N. C Page 90 90 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND K FLA. [CHAP. LIX. SEVENTEENTH ARMY CORPS. * January 1.This corps was at Savannah in camp, the First Division near Thunderbolt, the Third Division near Laurel Grove Cemetery, and tU~ Fourth Division near Bonaventure. January 6.The troops commenced to embark on transports for Beaufort, S. C., at which point they all arrived by the 12th. January 13.Moved to Port Royal Ferry; crossed the Whale Branch of the Coosaw River. January 14.Moved against Pocotaligo. The enemy withdrew dur- ing the night, and we occupied the place next morning. The corps was encamped around Pocotahigo until the 29th. During that time, how- ever, reconnaissances were made by the different divisions toward the Salkehatchie River bridge. January 2.9.The corps moved forward and marched about seven miles, and were in camp on the 31st. April 1 to 9, inclusive.Lay in camp near Goldsborongh, N. C. April 10.Marched in the direction of Raleigh to iiear Whitleys Mill. April 11.Marched to Moccasin Creek. April 12.Lay in camp. April 13.Moved to Battles Bridge. April 14.Marched to and through Raleigh to camp three miles beyond. April 15.Marched to Pages Station; the roads in bad condition and raining hard. April 16, 17, and 18.Remained in camp. April 19.Moved back to Raleigh. April 20, 21, 22, and 23.Remained in camp. April 2-1.The command was reviewed by Licut. Geii. U. S. Graiit. April 25.Moved to Jones Cross-Roads. April 2G.Lay in camp. April 27.Moved back to camp near Raleigh. April 28.Lay in camp. April 29.Moved from Raleigh for Washington, D. C., crossing the Neuse River. April 30.Lay in camp. May 1.Left camp near Powells Bridge, Neuse River, N. C.; marched to Richmond via Petersburg and Manchester, distance 160 miles, arriv- ing on the 9th. May 12.Left camp near Richmond; marched to Alexandria via Fredericksburg, distance 130 miles; arrived on the 19th and remained in camp near Alexandria. May 23.The command moved to the vicinity of Long Bridge and bivouacked for the night. May 24.Crossed Long Bridge and passed in review of the Presi- dent and General Grant.. Went into camp four miles north of the city, remaining in camp. Distance marched during the mouth, 300 miles. June 1.Lay in camp near Washington, D. C. June 5.Moved by way of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Louis- ville, arriving there on 12th; went into camp near the city, remaining in camp until June 30. * Commanded by Maj. Gen. Frank P. Blair, jr Page 91 CnA~. LIX.J THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 91 First Division. January 1.This division was at Thunderbolt, near Savannah, Ga.; laid in camp nutil 3d, when orders came to be ready to embark on transports. January 3.First Brigade embarked. January 4Headqnarters embarked with balance of division and was landed at Beanfort, S. C. January 5.All division had arrived and went into camp about three miles west of Beaufort. Headquarters was established in city. January 5 to 13.Lay in camp. January 13.Orders being received, division moved out on Port Royal Ferry road and eiicampecl seven miles from Beaufort. January 14.Moved over Broad River and encamped near Honey fill; distance, fonrteen miles. January 15.Marched to Pocotaligo, on the Charleston and Savan- nah Railroad; distance, four miles. January 15 to 20.Lay in camp at Pocotaligo. January 20.Division moved ~nt on reconnaissance, but could not cross the Salkehatchie River on account of current;. returned to camp at Pocotaligo. January 21, 22, 23, and 24.Lay in camp. January 24.Issued orders to command to 1)e ready to march witli two days rations. January 25.Moved to the Salkehatchie River; made some demon- strations; found a fort opposite side; on account of high tides division was obliged to return to camp, not having accomplished a success. January 26, 27, 28, and 29.Lay in camp at Pocotaligo. January 29.Received orders to march next day. January 30.Moved out on Salkehatchie River Bridge road and encamped; distance, seven miles. January 31.Lay in camp. February 1.Command moved at 7 a. m. on Broxtons Bridge road; skirmished with the enemy; encamped on Harrisons farm; fourteen miles march. February 2.Moved at 5 a. m. on Salkehatchie River road, skirmish- ing with enemy until we reached river; found enemy fortified; en- camped near river. February 3.Lay in camp on banks of river and skirmished with enemy. The Thirty-fifth New Jersey detailed to build bridge; two brigades succeeded in crossing river on the planks. Division lost 125 in killed and wounded. February 4.Enemy evacuated his works at 5 a. in., our troops taking possession and encamping near. February 5.Lay in camp near Rivers Bridge. February 6.Moved at S a. in. on Midway road, encamping near Little Salk ehatchie River; distance, ten miles. February 7.Left camp at 1 p. in. on Midway road, reaching railroad; distance, twelve miles. February 8.Lay in camp at Midway until 10 a. in.; moved camp to railroad. The Second and Third Brigades destroyed portions of Augusta railroad. February 9.Moved on Augusta road at 8 a. m; crossed the South Edisto River; skirmished some; encamped on Stevens plantation. February 10.Lay in camp; Second Brigade reconnoitered road to Holmans Bridge Page 92 92 OPERATIONS IN N. C., s. cx, S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. February 11.Moved at 9 a. m. and encamped on Orangeburg road near South [North] Edisto River; distance, fourteen miles. February 12.Lay in camp till 3 p. in., when crossed river and encamped in Orangeburg; distance, three miles. February 13.Moved at 8.30 a. in. on Columbia road destroyed portion of railroad; encamped near crossroads; distance, fourteen miles. February 14.Moved on Columbia road and encamped on Doctor Millers plantation, fifteen miles from Columbia; distance, fourteen miles. February 15.Moved at 1 p. in.; Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps on same road; encain ped near Geigers Mill; distance, twelve miles. February 16.Moved at 7 a. in.; encamped near Saluda River; dis- tance, ten miles. February 17.At 3 p. m. moved, crossing Saluda and Broad Rivers; encamped near the city; distance, four miles. February 18..-Command tore up railroad and moved six miles on Winusborough road and encamped. February 19.Lay in camp; troops engaged in destroying railroad. February 20.Moved at 7 a. m. on Winusborough road and en- camped; distance, ten miles. February 21.Moved at 7 a. m. on Winnsborough road and en- cam)~ed near town of Winnsborough. February 22.Moved at 10 a. in.; destroyed two miles of railroad; passed through the town and encamped near Poplar Springs; distance, fifteen miles. February 23.Moved at 8 a. m. on Peays Ferry road; crossed Wateree River and encamped near Liberty Hill; distance, fifteen miles. February 24.Moved at 6 a. m. on Camden road; passed through Liberty Hill and encamped on Pattersons plantation; distance, sixteen miles. February 25.Moved at 7 a. m. on Georgetown and Camden road and encamped; distance, fifteen miles. February 26.Moved at 7 a. in.; crossed Little Lynchs Creek and encamped near Big Lynchs Creek; distance, twelve miles. February 27.Moved at 7 a. m. on Cheraw road; crossed Big Lynchs Creek and encamped on opposite side; distance, two miles. February 28.Command moved at 7 a. in., having advance of corps; crossed the and Beech Creek; threw up breast-works amid encamped within thirteen miles of Cheraw; distance, fifteen miles. March 1.Lay in camp thirteen miles from Cheraw, S. C. March 2.Lay in camp; Third Brigade ordered out on reconnais- sance; found enemy fortified; skirmished some; no casualties. March 3.Moved at 7 a. in. on Clieraw road, crossing Juniper and Johnsons Creeks. Enemy evacuated his works. Had some skirmish- ing; entered Cheraw, capturing twenty-seven pieces of artillery, several caissons, and a large quantity of ammunition; encamped in Cheraw; days march, thirteen miles. March 4.Lay in camp until 3 j~. in.; crossed the Great Pedee River and encamped one mile from towmi. Enemy destroyed a great quantity of ammunition and wagons, & c. March 5.Lay in camp. March 6.Moved at 10 a. m. on Bennettsvillc road; encamped in town; distance, twelve miles. March 7.Moved on Fayetteville road, encamping near Beaver Dam Creek, N. C.; distance, teim miles Page 93 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 93 March 8.Moved at 9 a. in. on Fayetteville road six miles and encamped. March 9.Moved five miles and a half on Fayetteville road, passing through Laurel College; eight miles. March 10.Moved at 8 a. in. on Fayetteville road ten miles, encamp- ing near ZRockflsh Creek. llfarch 11.Moved at 9.30 a. in. on Fayetteville road, crossing near iRockfish Mills, and encamped within two miles of Fayetteville, N.C.; distance, sixteen miles. March 12.Lay in camp near Fayetteville. A steam-tug arrived from Wilmington at 11 a. in. with dispatches; took mail back. March 13.Moved at 8 a. in.; crossed Cape Fear River two miles below Fayetteville and encamped four miles from river; distance, six miles. March 14.Changed camp to position on Clinton road; distance, four miles. March 15.Moved at 7 a. in. on Clinton road, crossing South River; skirmished a short time and encamped; distance, ten miles. March 16.Lay in camp. March 17.Moved at 5.30 a. in., crossing Black River at 12 in., and encamped; distance, eighteen miles. March 18.Moved at 5.30 a. in. on Everettsville road and encamped near Troublefields Store. March 19.Moved at 5.30 a. in. on Everettsville road, crossing Falling Creek, and encamped five miles of Everettsville and eleven from Golds- borough; distance, eighteen miles. March 20.Moved back at 1 a. in. to a road leading to the right of the Everettsville road, recrossing Falling Creek, moving on different roads, and took position near the Fifteenth Army Corps. Had skir- mishing in front; this division not engaged; marched twenty-five miles. March 21.Went into position on right of Fifteenth Army Corps near Mill Creek. Severe action for about two hours, resulting in the capture of 40 horses and 1 caisson from enemy. Division lost 166 (2 officers and 164 men) in killed, wounded, and missing; captured a few prisoners. March 22.Enemy concentrated in front; command moved forward about two miles and found him fortified; ordered back into camp by Major-General Howard. March 23.Moved at 7 a. in. on the railroad and encamped near Keuse River; distance, sixteeii miles. March 24.Moved at 9 a. in. on Goldsborongh road, crossing the Keuse River, passing through Goldsborough, and encamped two miles east of the town; distance, eight miles. Balance of month conimand lay in camp near Goldsborough, N. C.; were clothed, shod, & c. April 3.Brig. Gen. M. F. Force took command, General Mower going to the Twentieth Army Corps. - Division remained in camp near Goldsborough until the 10th, when it marched toward Raleigh, N. C., sixteen miles. April 11.Marched eight miles. April 12.Marched eight miles. April 13.Marched fourteen miles. April 14.Marched seventeen miles, crossing Neuse River and through Raleigh, encamping oiie mile and a half of city, and remained in camp. April 24.Reviewed with the corps by Generals Grant and Sherman. April .25.Moved to the front nine miles Page 94 94 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX~ April 26.Remained in camp. April 27.Returned to old camp near Raleigh. April 28.Remained in camp. April 29.Started on the march for Richmond, Va., Johnston, rebel general, having surrendered all his command, and encamped near Neuse River. April 30.Remained in camp near Keuse River. May 1.Found this command near Neuse River, one days march from Raleigh, N. C.; moved at 9 a. in., encamping at Ebenezer Church. May 2.Moved at 6 a. in.; crossed Tar River and Cedar Creek, twenty-two miles, and encamped on Harris plantation. May 3.Moved at 5 a. m. and marched twenty miles, encamping near Chestnut Cross-Roads. May 4.Moved at 4 p. m. four miles, encamping on south side of Roanoke River, being delayed by Fifteenth Army Corps crossing river before using pontoons. May 5.Moved at 2 a. in., crossing the Roanoke and Meherrin Rivers, thirty-one miles, encamping near Brentsville, Va. May 6.Marched twenty-four miles, encamping near Dinwiddie Court- House. May 7. Marched thirteen miles, encamping near Petersburg. May 8.Marched through Petersburg, six miles, and encamped on Swift Creek. May 9.Marched fifteen miles; encamped near Manchester, Va. May 10 and 11.In camp near Manchester, Va. May 12.Marched through Richmond, eight miles, encamping near Chickahominy River. May 13.Crossed the Chickahominy, thirteen miles, encamping near Hanover Court-House. May 14.Crossed Pamunkey River, thirteen miles, encamping near Christopher Station. May 15.Crossed Mat and Ta Rivers seventeen miles, encamping on the Po River. May 16.Marched twenty-three miles through Fredericksburg, cross- ing the Rappahannock River. May 17.Marched twelve miles, encamping at Stafford Springs. May 18.Marched sixteen miles; encamped on Occoquan River. May 19.Marched sixteen miles, encamping near Alexandria, Va. May 20, 21, and 22.In camp. May 23.Passed through Alexandria; bivouacked near Long Bridge. May 24.Was reviewed iu Washington with the rest of army and went into camp three miles northeast of Washington. In camp balatice of month. The Thirty-fifth New Jersey Infantry transferred from division on 31st by orders. Command ordered to make preparations to be trans- ported to Louisville, Ky. June 1, 2, 3, and 4.This command lay in camp near Washington, D.C. June 5.The Twenty-fifth and Thirty-second Wisconsin were dropped from the returns of this command to be mustered out. June 5, 6, and 7.The command moved by rail to Parkersburg, W. Va., and from there on the 8th, 9th, and 10th by water to Louisville, Ky., where it went into camp two miles amid a half southwest of the city. Lay in camp the balance of the month. June 28.Received orders to muster out seven regiments of this division. / Page 95 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 95 Second Brigade, First Division. January 1.Brigade was encamped at Dillons Bridge, Ga., at the junction of the canal with the Ogeechee River, guarding the ford. January 3.Marched at 6 a. m. to Fort Thunderbolt, below Savannah; distance, twenty-three miles. January 4.Embarked on the steamers S. B. Spaulding, Canonicus, and Fannie and put to sea; at 6 p. m. reached Beaufort, S. C., where we disembarked and moved two miles out of the city and went into cami), where we lay until January 13, when at 5 p. m. we marched, and encamped at 9 p. m. near Port Royal Ferry. January 14.Marched at 7.30 f a. in.] and encamped at sunset three miles from Pocotaligo Station, on the Charleston and Savannah Rail- road. January 15.Marched at 7 a. m. to the railroad and went into camp, where the command was supplied with clothing. January 20.Went with the rest of the division on a reconnaissance to the Salkehatchie River; met a small force of the enemy when about two miles from the railroad and skirmished, driving them about four miles with the loss of one man, whemi finding the river too deep and current too swift to be forded returned to camp. January 25.Pontoons having been expressly prepared, the First Division went again to the Salkehatchie River, but owing to the heavy rains the river was very much swollen; the land being low was over- flowed to the distance of more than a mile, and from two to three feet deep. Great exertions were used by transporting the troops to a small island in front of a rebel fort, and distant about 600 yards, by mules, ambulances, and boats, in order to effect a lodgmnent on the opposite bank, bat it was impracticable, and the division returned to camp at 1 a. m. January 26. January 29.Colonel Montgomery, Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Volun- teer Infantry, assumed command of the brigade. January 30.Campaign commenced; marched six miles and encamped at 1 p. m. February 1.Marched at 7 a. in.; crossed Whippy Swamp; fourteen miles. February 2.Marched two miles and a half; skirmished afternoon and night; loss, 3 killed and 6 wounded. February 3.Skirmished all day; crossed swamp north of Rivers Bridge; formed in line of battle and drove the enemy from their works; loss, 17 wounded and 6 killed. February 4.Lay in camp. February 5.Moved back across river to guard rear while train crossed. February G.Marched to Cowpen Ford; eleven miles. February 7.Marched to Midway; ten miles. February 8.Destroyed two miles and a half railroad east from Midway; advanced one mile. February 9.Marched to Binnakers Bridge; crossed Edisto River below bridge on pontoon; waded swamps, water waist-deep; drove the enemy eight miles. February 10.Lay in camp all day; evening went on reconnaissance to Holmans Bridge; met pickets of Fifteenth Army Corps and returned to camp. February 11.Marched to North Edisto River; fourteen miles Page 96 96 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND tx FLA. [CHAP. LIX. February 12.At 9 a. in. made flank movemeiit to the right; enemy evacuated Orangeburg, burning C. S. buildings; moved thr6ugh Orangeburg at midnight. February 13.Destroyed three miles of railroad; marched to Lewis- ville; fourteen miles. February 14.Marched to Sandy Run; fourteeii miles. February 15.Marched eleven miles. February 16.Marched to Congaree River, ten miles, fronting Columbia. February 17.Marched across Saluda River and bivouacked 4 p. in.; crossed Broad River into the city; encamped three-quarters of a mile north of city. February 18.Destroyed one mile of railroad and marched six miles; 6.45 p. in. ordered back to city as provost guard. February 19.On provost-guard duty in city. February 20.Rear guard; marched fifteen miles. February 21.Marched to Simpsons Turnout, eleven miles; destroyed one mile of railroad. February 22.Destroyed one mile of railroad; marched fifteen miles, passing through Winnsborough to Poplar Springs. February 23.Marched eight miles. February 24.Marched fifteen miles, passing through Liberty lull. February 25.Marched fourteen miles to Little Lynchs Creek, Houghs Ferry. February 26.Marched to Big Lynchs Creek, ten miles and a half. February 27.Moved across creek two miles; encamped, waiting trains. February 28.Marched sixteen miles. March 3.Marched thirteen miles to Cheraw; brigade on duty as provost guard. March 5.Relieved and crossed Great Pedee River; two miles. March 6.Marched to Bennettsville; thirteen miles. March 7.Marched eight miles. March 8.Crossed Little Pedee River; six miles. March 9.Marched eleven miles. March 10.Marched seventeen miles. March 13.Passed through Fayetteville across Cape Fear River; seven miles. March 15.Marched twelve miles, crossing Big Black River; skir- mished and drove the enemy. March 17.Marched sixteen miles. March 18.Marched fourteen mi1es. March 19.Marched thirteen miles. March 20.Twenty-fifth Wisconsin moved with division; Thirty- fifth New Jersey, Forty-third and Sixty-third Ohio guarding train; moved to the rear with train four miles. March 21.Moved forward two miles. March 22.Moved forward fourteen miles. March 23.Moved forward fifteen miles. March 24.Marched five miles, passing through Goldsborough to our present camp. [April.]Encamped at Goldsborongh, N. C., until the 10th, when the brigade marched sixteen miles. April 11.Marched eight miles. April 12.Marched eight miles. April 13.Marched fourteen miles Page 97 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 97 April 14.Marched seventeen miles to camp near Raleigh, N. C. April 24.Reviewed with corps by General Grant. April 25.Moved to the front nine miles. April 27.Returned to old camp near Raleigh. April 29.Marched ten miles, crossing Neuse River. Third Division. January 1 to 3.Lay in camp at Laurel Grove Cemetery, Savannah. January 4.Marched to Thunderbolt Battery; seven miles. January 6.Embarked the division and proceeded to Beaufort, S. C., arriving during the night; sixty miles. January 7.Moved out and encamped; three miles and a half. January 8 to 12.Lay in camp. January 13.Moved to Port Royal Ferry; nine miles. January 14.Moved to Old Pocotaligo, skirmishing with the enemy; ten miles. January 15.Moved to Pocotaligo Station; one mile and a half. January 16 to 29.- Lay in camp, sending frequent reconnaissances to Salkehatchie. January 30.Moved on Baruwell road ten miles. January 31.Lay in camp making demonstration at old pontoon across Salkeliatchie. Total march, 1101 miles. February 1.Marched to Whippy Swamp; thirteen miles. February 2.Marched to Barkers Mills, sixteen miles, skirmishing with and driving the enemy and saving the bridge. February 3.Marched to Rivers Bridge; eight miles. February 4.Lay in camp. February 5.Crossed Salkehatchie; marched four miles. February 6.Marched to and crossed Little Salkehatchie, ten miles, driving enemy from crossing. February 7.Lay in camp. February 8.Moved to Midway; eight miles. February 9.Moved to Binnakers Bridge; marched thirteen miles. February 10.Crossed the Edisto; marched two miles. February 11.Moved to North Fork of Edisto, opposite Orangeburg, finding the enemy strongly posted; skirmished until dark, saving bridge; marched fourteen miles. February 12.Crossed on pontoons a mile below, driving the enemy from Orangeburg and effecting lodgment on railroad; marched five miles. February 13.Marched up railroad fourteen miles. February 14.Marched farther up railroad, taking Columbia road; marched twenty-one miles. ~February 15]..Marched to Congaree Creek, flanking up the same to Taylors Bridge; eleven miles. February 16.Crossed Little Congaree and encamped opposite Colum- bia; six miles. February 17.Crossed Broad and Saluda Rivers to Columbia; six miles. Februaryl8.Moved out from Columbia, destroying railroad; marched six miles. February 19.Troops marched to and destroyed railroad; twelve miles. February 20.Marched to near Winnsborough; nine miles. 7 R HVOL XLVII, PT Page 98 98 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. February 21.Marched to Simpsons Station fifteeii miles. February 22.Marched to Poplar Springs; fifteen miles. February 23.Marched to and across Wateree; seven miles. February 24.Marched to Russells place; twelve miles. February 25.Marched to Copeland; twelve miles. February 26.Marched to Little Lynch Creek; eight miles. February 27.Marched to Big Lynch Creek; thirteen miles. February 28.Marched in direction of Cheraw; eighteen miles. Total, 268k miles. Railroad destroyed, 21 miles; roads corduroyed, 14,485 yards; bridges built, 263 yards; side road for infantry, 54,560 yards; clearing roads obstructed by enemy, 650 yards. March 1 and 2.Lay in camp near Cheraw. March 3.Moved to Cheraw; thirteen miles. March 4.Crossed Great Pedee, encamping on east bank; marched three miles. March 5.Moved to Jobys plantation; five miles. March 6.Moved to Bennettsville; seven miles and a half. March 7.Moved to near Panther Creek; nine miles. March 8.Moved to Gilopolis or Floral College; seventeen miles. March 9.Moved to east side Raft Swamp; twelve miles. March 10.Moved to Big Rockfish Creek; thirteen miles. March 11.Moved to near Fayetteville; bummers taking the place; a few of them killed; nine miles and a half. March 12.Lay in camp. March 13.Crossed Cape Fear, encamping on Beam[an]s Cross- Roads road; marched three miles. March 14.Changed camp to Wilmington road; two miles. March 15.Moved to South River; twelve miles. March 16.Moved to Cuibreths plantation; four miles. March 17.Moved to near Beamans Cross-Roads; twenty miles. March 18.Moved to Piney Grove Cross-Roads on Monnt Olive road; fourteen miles. March 19.Moved to Smiths Chapel, Mount Olive road- nine miles. March 20.Moved to near Mill Creek or Bentonville, twenty miles, taking position and intrenching before sundown. March 21.Moved forward one mile, taking new position, skirmish- ing heavily with enemy and intrenching. March 22.Lay in camp, enemy having retired during night. March 23.Moved on Goldsborough road to near Neuse River; fif- teen miles. March 24.Moved to Goldsborough; five miles. March 25.Changed camp to front one mile, intrenching. March 26.Lay in camp. March 27.Changed camp to southeast side of Goldsborough; three miles. March 28, 29, 30, and 31.Lay in camp. Total miles marched, 188; roads corduroyed., 10,208 yards; bridges built, 40 yards; side road for infantry, 150,787 yards; earth excavated, 10,080 cubic feet; fortifications built, 1,840 yards. April 1 to 9.In camp near Goldsborough, N. C. April 10.Marched in the direction of Raleigh to near Whitleys Mill; distance, thirteen miles. April 11.Marched to Moccasin Creek, near Pine Level; distance, ten miles. April 12.Moved out two miles; encamped on Creechers plantation. April 13.Marched sixteen miles Page 99 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 99 April 14.Marched nineteen miles, passing through Raleigh and encamping three miles beyond. April 15.Hostilities ceased. April 24.Reviewed by Generals Grant and Sherman. April 25.Moved out to Jones Station; distance, seven miles. April 27.Moved back to camp; seven miles. April 29.Moved fourteen miles, encamping near Forestville. April 30.Remained in camp. During the month the division has marched 88 miles, constructed 45,760 yards side road, 145 yards bridging, and 2,044 yards corduroy. May 1.Moved out from camp near Forestville, N. C. (seventeen miles from Raleigh), en route for Richmond, Va. Passed through For- estville and Wake Forest; crossed Tar River at Sims Bridge, following the Gaston and Raleigh Railroad; encamped near Sims Bridge, having marched twenty miles. May 2.Marched twenty.four miles; encamped within three miles of Ridgeway. May 3.Marched twenty miles; encamped within two miles of Rob- insons Ferry, on the Roanoke River. May 4.Rested. May 5.Marched twenty-six miles, crossing the Roanoke and encamp- ing on Great Creek at Aspen Grove. May 6.Marched four miles; struck Boydton plank road; crossed Nottoway River and encamped on Buckskin Creek; distance, tweniy. five miles. May 7.Marched seventeen miles; encamped on Hatchers Run. May 8.Crossed the Appomattox; encamped on Swift Creek; dis- tance, ten miles. May 9.Marched fifteen miles; encamped near Manchester, Va. May 12.Marched nine miles, passing through Richmond. May 13.Marched nine miles. May 14.Marched eighteen miles. May 15.Marched eighteen miles. May 16.Marched sixteen miles. May 17.Marched eighteen miles. May 18.Marched sixteen miles. May 19.Marched fifteen miles, encamping near Alexandria, Va. May 23.Moved up and encamped near Long Bridge, Va. May 24.Marched in review before the President, Lieutenant-Gen- eral Grant, General Sherman, and niany others; encamped within three miles of Washington, D. C., near Crystal Springs, where we remain at present date. June 1.In camp near Washington, D. C. June 7.Broke camp and started for Louisville, Ky.; distance, about 900 miles. June 12.Arrived at Louisville and went into camp, where we remain at present date. Second Brigade, Third Division. January 1.The brigade was in camp at Savannah, Ga. January 4.Received orders for Beaufort, S. C., taking steamers and arriving 5th. January 6.Disembarked and moved forward to camp, three miles west of Beaufort, remaining until the 13th, when received orders to move to Pocotaligo; crossed Coosaw Sound the same evening on three small yawis; moved four miles beyond and fortified Page 100 100 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAr. LIX. January 14.Moved forward, encountering the rebels at Gardens Corner, where they were fortified; drove them to Pocotaligo, forcing them to leave three lines of works, making a march of fourteen miles. January 15.Moved to Pocotaligo Station, on the Savannah and Charleston Railroad, distance of three miles and a half, and encamped, intrenching our position. The brigade was engaged in building cor- duroy roads, destroying railroad, foraging from ~he country, skirmish- ing with the enemy, and drilling. January 30.The brigade was ordered forward, moving twelve niiles on the Baruwell road. January 31.Remained in camp with heavy details to make demon- strations across the Salkehatchie. During the month the brigade marched forty-nine miles; traveled by steamer sixty-five miles. Total, 114 miles. February 1.The brigade was encamped near Bradfordsville, S. C., one days march from Pocotaligo, and the third day on the campaign through South Carolina; moved thirteen miles in the direction of Baruwell. February 2.Made a detour through Angleys Post-Office, marching sixteen miles, crossing Jacksons Branch in the face of the enemy, driv- ing him. February 3.Moved to Rivers Bridge Post-Office, and engaged in effecting a crossing. February 5.Crossed Big Salkehatchie; encamped on Blacks plan- tation, marching seven miles. February 6.Marched fourteen miles and encamped near Millersville Post-Office. February 7.Marched nine miles toward Midway. February 9.Marched through Midway and to Binnakers Bridge, on the South Edisto, marching sixteen miles. February 10.Crossed the river and marched four miles on the Orangeburg road. February 11.Marched fourteen miles, driving the enemy across North Edisto at Orangeburg with heavy skirmishing. February 12.Moved down the river two miles and waded across, flanking the enemy, securing the Branchville railroad and destroying it, forcing the rebels to leave. February 13.Marched fourteen miles; destroyed two miles railroad and marched twelve miles toward Columbia. February 15.Marched el& en miles; crossed Congaree Creek, forcing the enemy to retire. February 16.Marched eight miles to a point opposite Columbia. February 17.Moved across Saluda and Broad Rivers, marching five miles, encamping near Columbia, S. C. February 18.Marched through the city and nine miles on the Char- lotte railroad. February 20.Marched twelve miles; destroyed one mile and a half of railroad. February 21.Marched toward Winnsborough sixteen miles, destroy- ing two miles of railroad. February 22.Marched to Poplar Springs, sixteen miles; destroyed two miles of railroad. February 23.Marched six miles; crossed Wateree River. February 24.Marched twelve miles, through Liberty Springs Post- Office. February 25.Marched eleven miles. Page 101 CHAP. LTX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 101 February 26.Marched eight miles; bridged Little Lynchs Creek. February 27.Marched twelve miles to Big Lynchs Creek. February 28.Marched sixteen miles on Cheraw road; crossed Big Lynchs and Black Creeks; built fortifications within thirteen miles of Cheraw, S. C. Total distance traveled, 289 miles. March 1.The brigade was in an intrenched camp in Sonth Carolina, thirteen miles southwest of Cheraw. March 3.Moved thirteen miles to Cheraw. March 4.Crossed Great Pedee and marched four miles. March 5.Marched five miles on Bennettsville road, N. C. March 6.Reached Bennettsville; nine miles. March 7.Marched ten miles toward Fayetteville, N. C. March 8.Marched twelve miles; bad roads. March 9.Marched fourteen miles. March 10.Marched thirteen miles. March 11.Marched nine miles to Fayetteville, N. C. March 13.Crossed Cape Fear River at midnight and marched four miles. March 14.Marched three miles. March 15.Marched twenty miles to South River. March 1G.Marched at night nine miles to Oweusborough. March 17.Marched nineteen miles. March 18.Marched twelve miles. March 19.Marched eight miles; encamped near Mount Olive Sta- tion on the railroad. March 20.Moved toward Smithfield twenty-three miles; heavy firing yesterday and to-day; went into line and intrenched. March 21.Advanced the line one mile and a half and intrenched near Bentonville. March 23.Marched seventeen miles toward Goldsborough; encamped northeast of town. March 27.Moved camp four miles southeast of town and remained on Stony Creek. Marched during the month, 204 miles. [April.]This command was encamped near Goldsborough, N. C., up to the 10th, when it marched twelve miles and encamped on Little River. April 11.Marched seven miles; encamped near Pine Level. April 12.Marched two miles. April 13.Marched eighteen miles on the Raleigh road~ encam four miles from the Neuse River. , ped April 14.Marched to Raleigh and three miles west of the city, making seventeen miles, where we lay in camp. April 24.Reviewed by Lieutenant-General Grant. April 25.Marched thirteen miles; encamped on Jones plantation. April 2G.Remained in camp. April 27.Marched back to our old camp near Raleigh. April 28.Remained in camp. April 29.Marched fourteen miles northward~ enca bank of Nense River. , mped on north April 30.Remained in camp. IDistance marched during the month, ninety-six miles. May 1.This commafid was on the march from Raleigh to Richmond; started from camp, Neuse River, N. C.; marched twenty-one miles. May 2.Marched twenty-four miles Page 102 102 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. May 3.Marched twenty-one miles; encamped near Roanoke River. May 4.Remained in camp; Fifteenth Corps crossing. May 5.Marched twenty-eight miles. May 6.Marched twenty-six miles. May 7.Marched nineteen miles. May 8.Marched through Petersburg, three miles and a half, on Richmond road, making nineteen miles. May 9.Marched seventeen miles; encamped two miles from Rich- mond; remained in this camp up to the 12th, when we marched through Richmond, making nine miles; continued our march up to the 19th, when we arrived at Alexandria, Va., and remained in camp until the 23d, when we moved up to theLong Bridge preparatory to the review of the 24th, after which we marched to our present camp, about four miles from the city. Total distance marched, 349 miles. June 1.The command was encamped near the city of Washington; received orders to be ready to move. June 6.Was transported by rail to Parkersburg, W. Va., arriving there on the morning of the 8th, and embarked on steamers for Louis- ville, Ky., arriving there on the 10th, where we have been encamped since in a very pleasant and beautiful camp about two miles from the city, on the INewburg pike. Fourth Division. May 1.Left camp near Powells Bridge, Neuse River, N. C.; marched to Richmond via Petersburg and Manchester, distance 160 miles, arriv- ing on the 9th. May 12.Left camp near Richmond; marched to Alexandria, Va., via Fredericksburg, distance 130 miles; arrived on the 19th. Remained in camp near Alexandria until 23d, when we moved to the vicinity of Long Bridge and bivouacked for the night. May 24.Crossed Long Bridge and passed in review through the city of Washington and went into camp, at 6 p. in., four miles north of the city. Whole distance marched during the month,300 miles. June 1.In camp near Washington, D. C. June 7.Moved by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. June 10.Arrived at Parkersburg, W. Va.; embarked on steamers for Louisville. June 12.Arrived, disembarked, and marched to camp, six miles below the city, on south bank of Ohio River. June 15.Moved to new camp, four miles above Louisville. Total distance traveled during the month, 994 miles. $eeond Brigade, Fourth Division. April 28.The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Regiments Illinois Volun- teer Infantry and the Thirty-second Regiment Illinois Veteran Volun- teer Infantry were organized as a brigade, known as the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, ~3eventeenth Army Corps, commanded by Brig. Gen. C. J. Stolbrand. April 29.Marched from Raleigh, N. C., and went into camp same day on the north side of Neuse River, N. C.; distance marched, twelve miles Page 103 CHAP. lAX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 103 May 1.Left camp near Neuse River, N. C., and marched via For- estyille, Warrenton, Lawreuceburg, and Petersburg, and arrived at Manchester, Va., on the 9th. May 12.Left Manchester and marched via Richmond and Hanover Court-House, and arrived near Alexandria, Va., on the 19th; distance, 275 miles. May 23.Moved through Alexandria and encamped near the Long Bridge same day; distance, nine miles. May 24.Crossed the Potomac; passed in review through Washing- ton City and encamped about four miles out of the city. Distance marched, 288 miles. June 1.Encamped near Washington City. June 7.Left Washington via Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. June 10.Arrived at Parkersburg, W. Va., and embarked on steam- ers Gilmore, Express, Bertha, and Edinburg for Louisville, Ky. June 11.Steamer Express with the Thirty-second illinois on board struck and sunk; no lives were lost; disembarked the Thirtysecond Illinois to the Bertha and America. June 12.Arrived at Louisville, Ky.; disembarked and went into camp about eight miles from the city down the river. June 14.Moved camp to about four miles from the city up the river; distance marched, twelve miles. June 21.Left camp and embarked on steamers Bertha, Ella, Faber, Cornelia, and Nashville. June 25.Arrived at Saint Louis; embarked to the steamers Kate Kinney, Victory, and Isabella, and started up the river. June 30.On board steamers en route for Fort Leavenworth, Kans. Third Brigade, Fourth Division. January 1 to 6.The brigade was in camp at Savannah, Ga. January 6.Marched to Thunderbolt, five miles, and, embarking on transports, went to Beaufort, S. C., arriving there in the evening. January 7.Were in camp two miles from Beaufort until the 10th, when the command moved three miles farther out and remained in camp. January 13.Moved three miles farther. January 14.Moved on and encountered the enemy at noon, having slight skirmishing with them until night-fall. January 15.Moved five miles out and went into camp near Poco- taligo, the enemy having evacuated their position in front of that place on the night of the 14th. Remained in camp until the 29th, the regi- ments being in position on the different roads in the vicinity of Poco- taligo, and one being a part of the time on duty at the landing on Poco- taligo River. January 29.Moved out four miles. January 30.Moved four miles to present camp. Distance marched during the month, thirty-seven miles; distance transported, sixty miles. February 1.Left camp near Salkehatchie bridge, S. C., marching via Whippy Swamp. February 2.Encamped near Rivers Bridge, on the east bank of the Salkehatchie. February 3.Waded the river, being in water up to the waist for more than a mile, and had a slight skirmish on the other side Page 104 104 OPERATiONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. February 4 and 5.In camp on the west bank of the Salkehatchie near Rivers Bridge. February 6 and 7.Marched; reached Midway on the latter date, and same evening one regiment was sent to burn railroad bridges over the Edisto. February 8.Destroyed three miles and a half of railroad. February 9.Moved to Binnakers Bridge. February 11.Marched to Orangeburg bridge. February 12.Skirmished till the enemy, being flanked, fell back; encamped that night at Orangeburg. February 13.Destroyed two miles Columbia railroad, marching to 16th, inclusive. February 17.Arrived before and marched into Columbia at night, one regiment having previously crossed the Congaree in a flat-boat and first planted the flag on the old and new capitols. February 18.Moved toward Winusborough, destroying the Char- lotte railroad for one mile and a half. February 20 to 28, inclusive.On march, via Simpsons Station, Winns- borough, Poplar Springs Post-Office, Liberty Hill, and Pattersons Cross-Roads, to this place, destroying three miles of railroad on the way. Distance marched, 261 miles. Miles of railroad destroyed, [10]. March 1.In camp thirteen miles below Cheraw, S. C. March 3.Moved to Cheraw. March 5.Moved from Cheraw, crossing the Pedee and marching via Bennettsville, Beaver Creek, Floral College, Raft Swamp, and Big Rockfish Creek. March 11.Reached Fayetteville, the mounted foragers of the bri- gade assisting in the capture of the town, driving the enemy across Cape Fear River. March 13.Moved forward and marched via South River, Blockers- ville, Owensville, Beamans Cross-Roads, and Troublefields Store; went into position two miles southeast of Bentouville, N. C. March 20.Skirmished with the enemy and threw up works. March 21.Advanced skirmish and main lines, driving the enemy, with whom a very heavy fire was kept up during the whole day and much of that night. Lost 3 men killed, 16 wounded, and 7 missing. Enemy evacuated position and retreated toward Raleigh. March 22 and 23.Early in the morning moved toward Goldsborongh, arriving there on the 24th and went into camp, where the command has since remained. In camp at Goldsborough, N. C. April 10.The camp moved toward Raleigh; marched throngh that place. April 15.Halted at Jones Station, North Carolina Railroad. April 19.Moved back and encamped near Raleigh. April 25.Moved again to near Jones Station and remained there. April 27.Moved again to the camp near Raleigh. April 29.Moved to present camp. Distance marched, 102 miles. May 1.Left camp near Powells Bridge, Neuse River, N. C.; marched to Richmond, Va., via Petersburg and Manchester, distance 160 miles, arriving ou the 9th. May 12.Left camp near Richmond; marched to Alexandria, Va., via Fredericksburg, distance 130 miles, arriving on the 19th. Remained in camp near Alexandria until the 23d, when we moved to the vicinity of Long Bridge and bivouacked for the night Page 105 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 105 May 24.Crossed Long Bridge and passed in review through the city of Washington, ID. C., and went into camp at 6 p. m. six miles north of the city. Whole distance marched during the month, 300 miles. LEFT WING (ARMY OF GEORGIA).* [January.]The Fourteenth Army Corps and Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteers (pontoniers) remained in camp at Savannah until the 20th. January 1.The Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps, left Savan- nah and encamped near ilardeevifle, S. C.; First Division remained at Savannah until Jannary 17, when it marched to Purysburg and en- camped on the 19th. January 20.Marched ten miles toward Springfield, where they were detained by a storm until January 25. They then resumed the march, arriving at Sisters Ferry on the 28th. January 26.The First and Third Divisions, Twentieth Army Corps, marched toward IRobertsville, S. C., where they encamped January 29 and remained the rest of the month. January 27.The Second Division, Twentieth Army Corps, left Savannah and marched via Springfield to the vicinity of Sisters Ferry, where it encamped on the 29th, and remained on the 30th and 31st, details from this division being employed with those of the Fourteenth Army Corps in constructing a road on the South. Carolina shore. January 29 and 30.Remained in camp, high water preventing a crossing of the Savannah River. January 29.The pontoon bridge was laid. [April.]The army remained at Goldsborough until the 10th, when it commenced its march toward Raleigh, the Twentieth Corps on the left, the Fourteenth by the direct road, both skirmishing continually with the enemy. April 12.lu the morning the two corps crossed the Neu~e River at Smithfield and continued the march to Raleigh, which was entt~red on the 13th. April 14.The Fourteenth Corps moved to a position near Cape Fear River, remaining until the 28th, when it returned to Raleigh, and com- menced its march toward Richmond on the 30th. The Twentieth Corps remained near Raleigh until the 25th, when it moved to Jones Cross-Roads, returning April 28, and on the 30th pro- ceeded toward Richmond. The pontoon train moved with the Fourteenth Corps to Smithfield, where two bridges were laid. One half of the train being left temupo- rarily at this point, the other moved with the Fourteenth Corps to Aunts Ferry, Cape Fear River, where it remained until the departure of the troops for Richmond. FO URTEENTII ARMY CORPS.t [January.]The corps remained in camp at Savanmmah until the 20th. January 20.The movement from Savannah was commenced. On account of unfavorable weather the movement intended to be resumed on the 21st was postponed until the 25th. January 28.The corps reached Sisters Ferry. The roads where they led through the swamps were very bad and required to be corduroyed * Commanded by Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum. Commanded by Bvt. Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis Page 106 106 OPERATIONS IN N. C.. S. C.. S. GA., AND F. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. before the transportation could be got over them. Since the 28th heavy working parties have been kept at work preparing the road on the Car- olina side for crossing; high water, though, preventing any movement. February 1 to 5.The corps lay in camp near Sisters Ferry on the south side of Savannah River, when it crossed to the South IDarolina side. February 6.First Division moved toward Lawtonville. February 7.The Third Division moved to Brighton. February 8.Second Division followed, from which point [Brighton] the corps train was sent in charge of First Division on Lawtonville road. The Second and Third Divisions moved in the direction of Ingraham. February 9.Continned the march. February 10.Crossed the Salkehatchie River and entered Barnwell, where the corps was joined by the First Division. February 12.Strnck the Augusta and Charleston Railroad, First and Third Divisions tearing np twelve miles of track. February 14.Crossed the North and South Forks of the Edisto. February 15.Crossed Congaree and Beaver Dam Creeks, the advance of the corps entering Lexington, through which the corps marched on the 16th. February 17.Crossed the Saluda River on pontoon and arrived at Freshlys Ferry, on Broad River. February 19.Crossed river, when a considerable distance of the Greenville and Columbia Railroad was destroyed. February 21.Crossed Little River and passed within one mile of Winnsborongh. February 22.Corps destroyed about sixteen miles of Charlotte and Sonth Carolina Railroad. February 23.Reached south side of Catawba River, which was so swollen by the heavy rains as to break the pontoon bridge. The bridge was again laid farther down the stream. February 28.The corps succeeded with difficulty in getting over. March 1.The corps marched from Catawba River over roads almost impassable toward Fayetteville, which was reached on the 11th. March 12 and 13.The First and Second Divisions crossed Cape Fear River. March 15.Moved in direction of Averasborongh. The Third Divis- ion was left to guard the corps trains on a central road. March 16.Took part in the fight at Black Creek, in which the Sec- ond Division lost 110 killed and wounded. March 19.Encountered the enemy in force near Bentonville and heavy fighting ensued, in which the corps lost during the day 882 killed, wounded, and missing. With his whole available force massed in our front the enemy attempted to crush the Left Wing of the army before it could be re-enforced by the other corps. His attacks were most per- sistent and impetuous, but every attempt was foiled and the corps held its position until the next day, when re-enforced by the remainder of the army. March 22.The march was resumed. March 23.Entered Goldsborongh. The corps went into camp on the northwest side of town, where it has remained the balance of the month. [Ajpril.]The corps lay in camp near (loldsborongh, N. C., until the 10th. April 10.It started with the rest of the army toward Raleigh, IN. C. April 11.Passed through Smithfield Page 107 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 107 April 12.Crossed Neuse River. April 13.Entered Raleigh, skirmishing each day of the march with the enemys cavalry. A nt 14.Moved out toward Cape Fear River, and remained in camp in this vicinity with slight variations of position until the 28th. April 28.The corps moved back near Raleigh, where it remained until the 30th. April 30.It commenced the march toward Richmond, Va. May 1.Corps having moved out from the vicinity of Raleigh, N. C., on April 30, the whole corps finally got under way for Richmond, bridging the Neuse, Roanoke, and Appomattox, besides several lesser streams. May 7.The whole corps encamped near Manchester, Va., opposite Richmond, having marched a distance varying from 177 to 190 miles in seven days. May 11.Marched through Richmond. May 19.Encamped near Alexandria, Va., opposite Washington. May 24.The corps, with Shermans army, was reviewed by the President, the Secretary of War, and the Lieutenant-General in the streets of Washington. May 25.Moved to camp near the Soldiers Home, and there remained until the close of the month. Corps still lying in camp near Washington. June 7.A temporary division -was organized from regiments trans- ferred from the Twentieth Corps. June 10.The corps commenced embarking for Louisville, Ky.by rail to Parkersbnrg, W. Va.; thence by steamer to Louisville. June 20.The last of the corps arrived at Louisville, Ky., and went into camp near that place on the Bardstown pike, and there remained during the month. First Division. [January.]No important changes during the month except the com- mencement of the present campaign. January 20.Left camp at Savannah, and at date of report [January 31] this command rests at Sisters Ferry, Ga., sixty miles by river from our starting point. February 5.Crossed the Savannah River at Sisters Ferry. Contin- ued the march daily through South Carolina, crossing the South and North Edisto, the Saluda, Broad, and Catawba Rivers during the month. March 1.Moved from Catawba River, S. C.; continued march with the corps via Hanging Rock and Mount Croghan. March 6 and 7.Crossed Little Pedee River. March 8.Crossed Drowning Creek. March 11.Reached Fayetteville, N. C. March 15.Crossed Cape Fear River. March 16.Took part in the fight with First Brigade. March 19.Whole division engaged; loss 433. lliarch 23.Crossed Neuse River and encamped atGoldsborough same day. ]lfarch 28.Brig. Gen. W. P. Carlin received leave of absence for thirty days on surgeons certificate. Bvt. 13 rig. Gen. G. P. Buell, com- manding Second Brigade, assumed command same day. April 3.Brig. Gen. C. C. Walcutt assumed command of First Divis- ion, Fourteenth Army Corps Page 108 108 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. April 8.Moved from Goldsborough. April 12.Reached Sniithfield. April 13.Marched into Raleigh (first infantry in place). April 14 and 15.First Brigade (provost guard) moved to Cape Fear River. April 29.Left Cape Fear River en route for Richmond. May 1.Continued the march toward Richmond, crossing the. Tar River. May 2.Reached Roanoke River at Taylors Ford; crossed river. May 3.Crossed Middle and North Meherrin Rivers, and reached and crossed Nottoway River. May 6.Crossed Appomattox early. May 7.Reached south side of James River, one mile from Manches- ter and in sight of Richmond,.having made the march from Raleigh to Richmond inside of seven days. May 11.Passed through Richmond en route for Washington; were not reviewed. Crossed Pamunkey nuder adverse circumstanceshigh flood. May 15.Passed in vicinity of Wilderness battle-field. May 16.Crossed the Rapidan. May 17.Crossed the Rappahannock. May 18.Crossed Cedar Run. May 19.Reached camp of division near Alexandria. Troops en- camped near fortifications three miles and a half from Alexandria. May 24.Grand review of this army. May 26.Moved to new camp on New York avenue road, near Wash- ington, D. C. May 30.Still in same position. June 9.Division left Washington, D. C., en route for Louisville, Ky. June 15.Arrived in Louisville and encamped four miles from the city on Bear Grass Creek, and remained there at date [June 30]. First Brigade, First Division. rJune.]This command remained in camp at Washington, D. C., until the 9th. June 9.It broke camp and embarked on board the cars for Parkers- burg, W. Va. June 11.Arrived. June 12.Embarked on board of transports for Louisville, Ky., which point it reached on the 14th, and encamped some five miles from the eity, where it has since remained doing camp duty. Second Brigade, First Division. January 17.Bvt. Brig. Gen. George P. Baell assumed command of the Second Brigade, First Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, in accordance with Special Orders, No. 10, dated headquarters First Division Fourteenth Army Corps, Savannah, Ga. January 20.The brigade left Savannah, taking the Louisville road; marched six miles and three-quarters. On account of rains which had fallen for twenty-four hours, rendering the roads almost impassable, the march was delayed until the 25th instant, when it was again resumed. During the days march the Louisville road was left and the march con- tinued on a road running diagonally across the Augusta road; marched fourteen miles Page 109 CifAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 109 January 26.The march Was delayed by the bad condition of the road, which was corduroyed for several miles encamping one mile from Springfield. , marched eight miles, January 27.Entered Springfield and encamped for the night. January 28.Left Springfield at 12 nt; marched nine miles, crossing Ebenezer Creek, and encamped near Sisters Ferry, where the command yet ~January 31] remains. February 1.Found the brigadc at Sisters Ferry, where it remained until the morning of the 5th, awaiting the construction of roads on opposite side of Savannah River. February 5.Crossed the Savannah into South Carolina, encamping at upper landing, three miles above the ferry. February 6.Moved over a wide swamp and through the small village of Robertsville, encamping at forks of Augusta and Orangeburg roads, making only eight miles. February 7.Reached Lawtonville, nineteen miles and a half from the ferry, the pioneers continually removing fallen timber placed in the roads by the enemy. February 8.Lay at Lawtonville all day. February 9, 10, and 11.Made rapid marches, reaching Baruwell the 11th, making fifty miles in the time. February 12.Struck Charleston and Augusta Railroad and tore up some two miles of track. February 13.Marched toward Columbia, crossing South Fork of Edi~to River. February 14.Made eighteen miles, crossing North Fork of Edisto River at noon, marching in a very cold storm all the p. m. February 15.Marched early on the Waters Ferry road; passed Clarks Mills; took the Lexington road at noon, and reached that place at 10 p. m. after a fatiguing march, with brisk skirmishing the whole distance. February 16.Went within four miles of Colnmbia, the capital of the State; then countermarched three miles~ cro and encamped. ssed the Saluda River February 17.Marched fourteen miles to Rockville Post-Office. February 18.Lay in camp all day. February 19.Crossed Broad River and advanced twelve miles on the Monticello road. February 20 and 21.Marched on Winnsborough road and passed the town the 21st. February 22.Marched up Columbia railroad and tore up track at Black Stocks. February 23.Got within three miles of Catawba River. The balance of the month was consumed in reaching the opposite bank of the river, which was effected with great difficulty. The brigade will march toward Hanging Rock to-day [February 28]. March 1.Brigade left Catawba River; moved fifteen miles, mostly over corduroy, with the division and corps. March 2.Passed Hanging Rock in forenoon; had pontoon train in charge; roads and weather bad; made ten miles. March 3.Moved at 6 a. in.; Lynchs Creek was crossed at 4 p. in.; enemys cavalry made an unsuccessful attempt to capture pontoon train; encamped at 12 p. in.; marched twenty-one miles. March 4.Made a forced march of twenty miles, crossing State line into North Carolina Page 110 110 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. March 5.Moved thirteen miles, reaching Great Pedee River at noon. March 6.The general commanding laid the pontoon bridge under circumstances of great difficulty. March 7.Crossed the Great Pedee into Richmond County and advanced over good roads twenty nPles. March 8.Marched over pine barrens, nearly uninhabited, twenty miles, and reached Blounts Bridge, on Lumber River. March 9.Moved on Fayetteville plank road, destroying large quan- tities of resin; repaired several bridges. March 10.Moved only seven miles, constructing roads most of the way; assisted Kilpatricks cavalry. March 11.Marched thirteen miles, entering Fayetteville in the after- noon with the balance of division and corps. March 12, 13, and 14.Remained in the vicinity of Fayetteville, pre- paring for a farther advance. March 15.Marched on Goldsborough road in rear of Twentieth Corps; weather bad; made ten miles. March 1G.Our advance forces met and repulsed a large body of the enemy intrenched at Black River. This brigade arrived in time to ren- der material assistance. March 17.The difficult task of constructing a bridge over Black River was accomplished by this brigade alone; made five miles. March 18.Crossed Mingo Creek and advanced thirteen miles. The enemy troublesome on our left and front. March 19.The battle of Bentonville was fought and continued on the 20th and 21st. This brigade was the first upon the field; fought well and suffered severely, losing nearly 200 killed, wounded, and miss- ing. illarch 22.Advanced to Coxs Bridge. March 23.Crossed the Nense River and reached this point (Golds- borongh), where the command is still [March 31] encamped. Third Brigade, First Division. [January.]At the beginning of the month were lying in camp doing regular garrison and picket duty. January 6.The brigade marched to Cherokee Hill, on the Augusta road, to guard the corps stock. January 8.Returned to the old camp. January 20.In the morning broke camp and marched about seven miles from the city on the Louisville road, where the brigade encamped until the 25th. January 25.The line of march was again resumed in the direction of sisters Ferry, on the Savannah River, passing through Springfield, Ga. January 29.Arrived at the ferry, where we remained the balance of the month. Distance marched during the month, sixty-one miles. February 1.The command was in camp at Sisters Ferry, Ga. February 5.Crossed the ferry. February 6.Marched northward, via Robertsville and Baruwell, and came to Augusta and Charleston Railroad at White Pond Post-Office, and tore up the railroad from White Pond Post-Office to Windsor and came back to White Pond Post-Office to encanip. February 13.Crossed South Branch of Edisto River. February 14.Crossed North Branch of Edisto River Page 111 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 111 February 15.Marched to Lexington Court-House, skirmish~g all day with the enemys cavalry. February 16.Crossed the Saluda River. February 17.Marched to Rockyille Post-Office. February 19.Crossed Broad River. February 20.Marched to Ebenezer Church. February 21.Marched through Winusborough. February 22.Marched to Black Stocks, on Columbia and Char- lotte Railroad, and tore up railroad to Youngsville, and marched back and encamped near Black Stocks. February 23.Marched to within a short distance of Catawba River, where it remained until the 28th. February 28.We crossed the Catawba River. Distance marched during the month, 224 miles. March 1.The brigade moved in the direction of Mays Store, where it arrived on the night of the 4th and entered the State of North Carolina. March 6.Crossed the Great Pedee and marched toward Fayette- ville, which point it reached on the 11th and remained until the 13th. March 13.We crossed the Cape Fear River and moved in the direc- tion of Raleigh. March 16.The brigade lay in reserve to support the Second Divis- ion, Fourteenth Army Corps, which was engaged with the enemy. March 17.Resumed the march; crossed Black Creek, marching on the main Goldsborongh road. March 19.The brigade was engaged with the enemy, and lost 1 com- missioned officer killed and 9 wounded, and 97 enlisted men killed and wounded. Remained in line of battle until the 22d. March 22.It was ascertained that the enemy had retreated. We resumed the line of march to Goldsborongh. March 23.We arrived and went into camp, doing regular camp and picket duty. Distance marched during the month, 188 miles. [Aprii.]Brigade remained in camp at Goldsborongh, N. C., doing camp and picket duty until the 10th. April 10.It marched with the First Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, in the direction of Raleigh, N. C. April 13.Arrived there. April 14.Resumed the line of march in the direction of Marthas Vineyard, N. C. April 15.Arrived there. Remained at this poin 1 until the 28th. April 28.Marched to Morrisville Station, N. C. Distance marched during the month, 138 miles. May 1.The command marched and encamped at Oxford, N. C. May 2.Marched into Virginia in the direction of Richmond. Were encamped at this point until the 11th. May 11.We again resumed the line of march, crossing the James River and marching through Richmond in the direction of Alexandria, Va. May 19.Command reached there and went into camp outside of the fortifications. May 24.The command marched in review through the streets of Washington. May 2G.In the morning the command broke camp and passed through Washington to its camp on the northeast side of the city, where it has since been encamped, doing camp and garrison duty. Distance marched during the month, 376 miles Page 112 112 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX Second Division. January 1 to 20.In camp at Savannah, Ga. Marched to Sisters Ferry, Ga., on Savannah River; distance, forty-two miles. January 31.In camp at Sisters Ferry. February 1.Division in camp at Sisters Ferry, Ga. February 5.Crossed Savannah River. February 8.Left Sisters Ferry and moved throngh Williston, S. C., passing Baruwell Conrt-llouse, Lexington Court-House, S. C., crossing South and North Edisto Rivers, Saluda River, and Broad River. February 28.In camp in Lexington County, S. C., on left bank of the Catawba River. Number of miles marched dnring the month, 253. March 1.Division left camp at Clyburns house, Lancaster District, N. C. March 11.Reached Fayetteville, N. C. March 16.Encountered and defeated the enemy near Averasbor- ough, N. C.; loss of division, 110. March 19.Encountered the enemy near Bentonville, N. C. Rebels charged the division on front, left, and rear, but were repulsed after an obstinate fight of several hours with the loss of nearly 800 (of which 312 were prisoners), 2 battle-flags, and many small-arms. Over 100 of the enemys dead were buried. Loss of division, 395. March 23.Went into camp near Qoldsborough, N. C. Number of miles marched during the month, 217. April 1.Division in camp at Goldsborough, N. C. April 10.Left Goldsborongh for Raleigh, N. C. Skirmished with the enemy from Boonsyille to Moccasin Swamp; distance, six miles. April 13.Arrived at Raleigh. Marched to Avens Ferry, on Cape Fear River; distance, twenty-nine miles. April 15.Went into camp and remained until the 21st. April 21.Marched back to Holly Springs, N. C.; distance, fifteen miles. Remained in camp until the 29th. April 29.Marched to Morrisville, N. C.; distance, sixteen miles. Remained at that place until the end of the month. May 1.Left Morrisville, N. C., for Richmond, Va. May 7.Arrived at Manchester, Va., ma king a march of 177 miles in seven days. May 11.Left camp near Manchester for Washington, D. C. May 19.Arrived near Alexandria, Va., marching 149 miles in nine days. May 25.Changed camp to the vicinity of Fort Slemmer, north of Washington,12). C., in which camp the division remained to the end of the month. June 12.Division left Washington, I). C., by railroad for Louisville, Ky., via Parkersburg, from thence to Louisville by steamer. June 18.Arrived and encamped at Louisville, Ky. Remained in camp to end of month. First Brigade, Second Division. [February.]The brigade remained at Sisters Ferry, on the Savan- nah River, until the 5th. February 5.It crossed into South Carolina, marched through that State without meeting any resistance to Kingsburys Ferry, on the Catawba River, where it is now encamped Page 113 Ca& p. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 113 May 1.The brigade marched from Morrisville, N. C.; crossed Keuse River same day. May 2.Crossed Tar River. May 4.Crossed Roanoke River. May 5.Crossed Meherrin, Kottoway, and Little Nottoway Rivers. May 6.Crossed Appomattox River. May 7.Arrived near Manchester, Va., having marched a distance of 169 miles. Lay in camp till May 11. ]IIay 11.The brigade marched, passing through Manchester, cross- ing James River through Richmond, and crossing Chickahominy Creek same day. May 12.Crossed Pamunkey River. May 15.Crossed the Rapidan at Raccoon Ford. May 16.Crossed the Rappahannock at Kellys Ford. May 17.Crossed Bull Run and encamped on the old battle-ground. May 19.Arrived near Alexandria, having marched a distance of 152 miles. Lay in camp. May 24.Passed in review in Washington City. May 25.The brigade moved through the city of Washington and encamped near Bunker Hill, a distance of eight miles. The brigade lay in camp until May 31. June 1.Brigade was in Washington, D. C. June 13.Brigade moved to depot and embarked on cars of Balti- more and Ohio Railroad for Parkersburg. June 1G.The brigade arrived there. Embarked immediately on transports bound for Louisville, where the brigade arrived on the 18th. Marched immediately to camp, three miles from the city on Bardstown pike. June 2O.Chan~ed to grounds nearer to the city. June 23.Brig. Gen. William Vandever received a promotion to bre. vet major-general, and in the absence of Brevet Major-General Morgan assumed command of the division, leaving the brigade under command of Lient. Col. (1. W. Grummond, Fourteenth Michigan Veteran Volun- teers. Third Brigade, Second Division. January 1.Found this brigade in camp on the outskirts of the city of Savannah, doing nothing but the regular routine of camp duties. January 13.The command was moved into the city, where it remained in camp until ordered away with the rest of the corps to Sisters Ferry, on the1Savannah River, thirty miles from the city, where it now [January 31] iS in camp. Nothing uuusaal has occurred during the month. February 1.Found this command at Sisters Ferry, Ga. February 6.Crossed the Savannah River and pushed forward to Baruwell Court-House; from there to Columbia, and from there to near Winnsborough, destroying the Charlotte and South Carolina Railroad. February 28.Crossed the Catawba. The brigade had no engagement whatever with the enemy during the month, but had severe marching to do over roads rendered almost impassable by heavy rains. March 1.Found this brigade on the north bank of the Catawba River. The weather was very inclement and roads almost impassable. We moved to Fayetteville, N. C., where we remained three days; crossed the Cape Fear River and moved in the direction of Benton- ville. 8 H HVOL XLVII, PT Page 114 114 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX. March 16.Found the enemy there in some force and the brigade was heavily engaged, losing several officers and enlisted men. The enemy retreated during the night, leaving his dead and ~Vounded in onr hands. March 19, 20, and 21.The brigade had an engagement with the rebels twenty-two miles from GoldsborougLi. In this engagement the rebels met with heavy loss; retreated in the night, leaving their wounded, dead, and prisoners in our hands. We immediately pushed forward to Goldsborongh, which place we reached on the 23d, where we are now in camp doing the usual routine of camp duties. April 1.Found this brigade at Goldsborough. April 10.Started on the campaign which resulted in the surrender of the rebel army under Joe Johnston, at which time the brigade was encamped on the banks of the Cape Fear River. Leaving its encamp- ment it moved back to Morrisville Station, whence it started on the road to Richmond. May 1.Found this brigade at Morrisville, N. C., from where it started on the road to Richmond, Va. May 6 [7].lt reached that place and went into camp about four miles from the city, where it remained until the 11th. May 11.It started on the march for Washington. May 18 [19].Jt arrived in the suburbs of Alexandria, where it remained until after review, when it moved across the river through Washington to its new camp, two miles and a half from the city, where it is at present [May 31] awaiting muster out of the service. Third Division. January 1 to 20.Division lay in camp at the junction of the Louisville and Augusta roads, about one mile from the city of Savannah, engaged daily in brigade and regimental drills, besides furnishing large fatigue parties for work upon the new fortifications of the city. January 20.Division moved at 7 a. in., and taking the Augusta road marched eight miles and went into camp at noon near Saint Augustine Creek and in the vicinity of the ground occupied by the division on December 11 and 12, 1864. Owing to the unfavorable weather and the wretched condition of the roads, the march was arrested at this point, and the division remained in camp during January 21, 22, 23, and 24. January 25.Crossed Saint Augustine Creek; continued the march eight miles on the Augusta road, then bore to the left on the Middle Ground road, and after marching one mile found the way so obstructed by felled trees as to be unable to proceed. January 26.Moved at 7.30 a. in., taking the Springfield road and meeting with obstructions at every mile of the march. Notwithstand- ing, the division marched ten miles. Arrived at Springfield at 2.30 p. in., and here joined the other two divisions of the corps. January 27.At 3 p. m. marched in rear of Second Division, being again delayed bythe difficulty of crossing the runs two miles from town; encamped near the ford and commenced crossing the next morning. January 28.Arrived at Sisters Ferry at 3p. in., and went into camp still occupied (February 1). February 1 to 5.-The division remained encamped on south side of Savannah River near Sisters Ferry. February 5.Crossed the river on pontoons at 10.30 a. m. and encamped two miles from the ferry, where the division remained until the 7th Page 115 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 115 February 7.Reached Brighton after a difficult march through a swampy country and over very bad roads. February 8.Moved in the direction of Ingraham, division trains following First Division on the Lawtonville road crossed Big and Little Pipe Creeks; marched twelve miles and encamped on plantation of Mr. Bostick. February 9.Marched sixteen miles; crossed Dry Gall, Kings Creek, Widows Branch, and Brier Creek, and went into camp on plantation of Mr. Minn, twenty-two miles from Barnwell. February 10.Crossing Boggy Gut Creek and Salkehatchie River, entered town of Barnwell. February 11.At noon marched from Baruwell, taking White Pond road, and encamped two miles from Willistou on plantation of Mr. Weatherby. February 12.Struck the railroad two miles from Johnsons; destroyed thoroughly four miles of track and encamped at Twenty- seven Mile Post. February 13.Continued destruction of railroad~ marched toward Davis Bridge, over North [South] Fork of Edisto River, and encamped at Pono Branch, one mile from Davis Bridge. February 14 Crossed South Fork of Edisto; marched sixteen miles; crossed North Fork and went into camp on river-bank. February 15Crossed Congaree and Beaver Dam Creeks and encamped at Red Branch. February 16 Crossed Twelve-Mile Creek; entered Lexington at 10 a. m~ marched four miles L~eyond and encamped again at Twelve-Mile Creek. February 17 Crossed the Saluda at noon on pontoon bridge and encamped seven miles from the river. February 18 Arrived at Freshlys Ferry, on Broad River. February 19. Crossed Broad River on pontoon bridge. Arrived at Aiston Station, on the Greenville and Columbia Railroad, at 4 p. m. Destroyed two nules of track. February 20.Encampd on plantation of Mr. A. Johnston, one mile and a half from Little River. February 21 Crossed Little River and Johnstons Creek; passed within one mile of Wmnsborough and encamped three miles beyond the town, near the Charlotteville and South Carolina Railroad. February 22.Marched along the Charlotteville and South Carolina Railroad to Yonngsville and destroyed six miles of track, commencing at the Forty-six Mile Post. February 23. Passed through Gladdens Grove Post-Office and went into camp near the Wateree, having marched twelve miles. February 24, 25, and 26.Division remained in camp on the south side of the Wateree, the rise in the river caused by the late heavy rains having broken the bridge. After much delay and difficulty in repair- ing the bridge the division commenced crossing at 11 p. m. at Kings- bury Ferry on the 27th. February 28.Encamped during the day and night on the north bank of the river. March 1.Starting from our camp at Catawba River, marched twelve miles through roads unfathomable in depth, and encamped at Ingrahams Mills, near Hanging Rock. Afarch 2.Crossing Little Lynchs, Lick, and Flat Creeks, marched fifteen miles Page 116 116 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. ]Iiliarch 3.Passing Lynchs and Mill Creeks, marched sixteen miles, and encamped at Edgeworths Mills, having lost during the day (mite a number of men picked up by rebel cavalry, which made its appear- ance once for the first time since crossing the Catawba River. March 4.Passing over Johnsons and Cedar Creeks and crossing the State line about noon, encamped after a march of fifteen miles. March 5.At noon arrived at Pedee; remained in caum till noon of the 7th. March 7.The division crossed and moved out ten miles on the iRockingham road. March 8.Marching twenty miles, reached Lumber River. March 9.Crossed it in the morning and marched twenty miles on the Fayetteville plank road encamped at Puppy Creek. March 10.Marched but five miles and at noon encamped at Rock- fish Creek, throwing one brigade forward to Bone Creek two miles in advance. March 11.Struck the rebels at Beaver Creek, six miles from Fay- etteville; drove them from their position and entered the town at 9 a. m. General Baird having been placed in command of the town the division remained encamped in the suburbs till the night of the 15th. March 15.It crossed the Cape Fear, being the rear guard of the army, and took up the pontoon bridge. March IG to 19.The corps trains having been assigned to the care of the division, it followed in rear of the Twentieth Corps trains on the direct road to Coxs Bridge, crossing South River, Big and Little Cohera, and branches of Seven-Mile Creek. March 20.At 5 a. m. receive(I orders to join the corps near Benton- ville, leaving one brigade in charge of the trains. After a march of five miles arrived at the battle-field of the 19th. Made a reconnaissance to the froimt and had sharp skirmishing with the enemy. March 21.Remained in camp. March 22.Taking road to Cox~s Bridge, marched ten miles and encamped at 10 p. m. March 23.Crossed Neuse River and marched to Goldsborough. Here the division still remains in camp (March 31). April 1.Division still ei~camped one mile from Goldsborough, near the railroad running from the latter place to Raleiglm. April 4.Division reviewe(l by Major-Generals Schofield, Slocum, and Davis. April 8.Brig. Gen. G. S. Greene reported to General Baird and assumed command of Third Brigade of tlmis division. April 10.At 6 a. m. division commenced the march toward Raleigh, Second Division in advance and First Division in rear; took direct road to Smithfield and encamped on Moccasin Creek after a march of twelve miles. April 11.Moved out at 5 a. in., passing tlmrongh Second Division, and took tIme advance, skirumishing all day with the enemys cavalry, driving them steadily toward Smithfield; entered the town at noon. the enemy retreating through the place and burning the bridge across the Nense River. April 12.At 5 a. m. crossed the Neuse, taking the road to Raleigh via Gulleys Station; skirmished with the rebel cavalry and arrived at midday at Gulleys, where the division went imito camp. Soon after our arrival at Gulleys a flag of truce made its appearance opposite our skir- mish line, but was withdrawn before any communication was held Page 117 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 117 April 13.At 5.30 a. m. march was continued, the First Division tak- ing the advance, and at 110011 entered Raleigh, passing in review ~before Brevet Major-General Davis, commanding the corps; encamped near the insane asylum, half a mile from the city. April 14.Division in charge of the trains of the corps was ordered to march to Jones Cross-Roads; encamped fifteen miles from Raleigh, no enemy appearing during the day. April 15.Moved out at 6.30 a. m. and marched to Holly Springs, where the division encamped at 2 p. m. April 1G.Still in charge of the corps trains; moved to Collins Cross- Roads, eight miles from Avens Ferry. Here the division remained encamped until the 25th. April 25.The truce between Generals Sherman and Johnston hav- ing expired, it was ordered to move on the 26th to Avens Ferry, on the Cape Fear River. This order was countermanded, however, the same night, and no further movements took place until the 28th. April 28.The division commenced its march back to Raleigh, and encamped at night upon the same ground occupied by the command on the night of April 14. April 29.Arrived at Pages Station, on the Raleigh and Greens- borough Railroad, eight miles from the city. April 30 (Sunday).The division started from this point on its march northward, en camping the first night at Johnstons Store, on the Keuse River. May 1.Division moved from its camp near Neuse River; crossed Tar River at noon; passed through Williston and encamped near Oxford. May 2.Moving at 6 a. in., passed through Williamsborough and encamped seven miles south of Roanoke River. May 3.Moving at 1 a in., crossed the Roanoke; passed through Boydton and encamped two miles north of the town. May 4.Crossed both branches of the Meherrin River; marched twenty-two miles and went into camp near Lunenburg Court-House. May 5.Crossed Nottoway River; passed through Nottoway Court. House, encamping five miles beyond, having marched thirty miles. May 6.Crossed the Appomattox and marched twenty-seven miles. May 7.Arrived in the vicinity of Manchester. May 8, 9, and 10.Division remained in camp near Manchester. May 11.Moving at 6 a. in., passed through Manchester and Rich- mond; took the road toward Hanover Court-House and encamped after a march of eighteen miles. ]Jlay 12.Continuing the march, crossed the Pamunkey and encamped eight miles beyond Hanover. May 13.Passed through Chilesburg and encamped near New Market, having marched eighteen miles. May 14.Marched sixteen miles and went into camp sixteen miles southeast of Raccoon Ford. May 15 (Monday).At 6 a. in. crossed the Rapidan at noon and encamped at Potato Creek, having marched sixteen miles. May 16.Reached and crossed the Rappahannock at 9 a. in., and went into camp five miles north of the river, having marched fourteen miles. ilifay 17.Encamped at Broad ERun, thirty miles south of Washing- ton City. May 18.Passing through Centerville and Fairfax, went into camp five miles north of the latter place Page 118 118 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. May 19.Arrived within eight miles of Washington City and encamped near Baifeys Cross-Itoads, where the division remained until May 25. May 24.Division passed in revieW through Washington City before the President and General Grant. May 25.Moved to the camp now occupied (May 31), three miles north of the city. June 1.Division still encamped about three miles northwest of Washington City. During the early part of the month the following named regiments were mustered out of service by virtue of telegram order from War Department, dated May 18: One hundred and fifth, Eighty-ninth, Ninety-second, and Eleventh Ohio Volunteers; Seventy- fifth, Eighty-seventh, Seventy-fourth, Eighty-second, and One hundred and first Indiana Volunteers; Tenth Kentucky Volunteers. June 14 (Wednesday).IReceived orders for one brigade to report in the city at once #or transportation to Louisville, Ky. June 15.The remaining brigade followed. June 17 (Saturday).The whole Lommand arrived at Parkersburg. At this point boats were in readiness and the division was embarked. June 18.Left Parkersburg in the morning. June 20.Arrived at Louisville and immediately marched to camp three miles and a half east of the city on the Bardstown road. June 22.By order of Brevet Major-General Davis, commanding corps, furloughs were issued to one-fifth of the effective force of the command. June 29.War Department orders have been received and the addi- tional regiments are about being mustered out of service, viz, Four- teenth and Thirty-eighth Ohio and Second Minnesota Volunteers. First Brigade, Third Division. January 1 to 20.Brigade remained in camp two miles northwest of Savannah. During this time furnished 46 commissioned officers and 2,840 enlisted men for fatigue duty to work on the fortifications of Savannah, and one regiment for picket duty every third day. January 9.Brigade went on outpost duty to Cherdkee Hill; remained twenty-four hours. January 15.The Twenty-third Missouri detachment, detailed for fatigue duty at Kings Bridge and at that time doing duty in Savan- nah, joined the brigade. January 20.The Eleventh Ohio detachment joined the brigade, having been attached to the Ninety-second Ohio Infantry, per Special Orders, No. 10, headquarters Fourteenth Army Corps, January 18. Marched on main Augusta road to Cherokee Hill, eight miles north- west of Savannah, and encamped for the night. January 21 to 24.Remained in camp. January 25.Marched at 7 a. m. on Augusta road seven miles; turned northwest on lumber road; arriving at Middle Ground road, encamped for the night. January 2G.Marched on Middle Ground road at 7.15 a. in., arriving at McCall road; passing along to near Springfield, encamped for the night. January 27.Marched at 2 p. m. on Middle Ground road; encamped for the night on Zettlers farm. January 28.Marched at 10 a. m. on Sisters Ferry road; turned west on by-roads one mile; encamped for the night Page 119 CHAP. LTX.] TIlE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 119 January 29 to 31.Remained ill camp. March 1.Marched at 8 a. m. from a point three miles east of Catawba River; encamped for the night on Hanging Rock battle-ground. March 2.Marched at 10 a. in.; arriving at Lynchs Creek, encamped for the night. March 3.Marched at 6 a. in.; encamped for the night at Mill Creek. March 4.Marched at 6.30 a. in.; encamped for the night three miles beyond Thompsons Creek. March 5.Marched at 7 a. in.; arriving at Pedee River, encamped for the night. March 6.Remained in camp. March 7.Started at 12 in.; crossing the Pedee River, marched twelve miles; crossing the North Carolina line, encamped for the night. March 8.Marched at 7 a. in.; encamped for the night at Drowning Creek. March 9.Marched at 6.30 a. in.; going twenty miles, encamped for the night. March 10.Broke camp at 6 a. in.; marched five miles; repaired a bridge; marched two miles; repaired another bridge and encamped for the night. March 11.Marched at 6 a. in.; skirmishing with the enemy, entered the town of Fayetteville and took a position to garrison it. March 12 to 15.Remained in position doing garrison duty. March 16.Moved across Cape Fear River at 1 a. ni. and took a posi- tion one mile from the river. Marched again at 7 a. m. as train guard on Goldsborongh road, marching five miles; encamped for the night. March 17.Marched at 6 a. in.; going six miles on same road, encamped for the night near Black River. March 18.Marched at 7 a. in.; crossing Black River and overtaking train of Twentieth Army Corps, encamped for the night. March 19.Marched at 6 a. in.; crossing the Cohera River, encamped for the night. March 20.Marched at 6 a. m. with Second I3rigade to re-enforce the Left Wing of the army, then in position near Bentonville, confronted by the enemy. At 2 p. m. moved out in front of First Division; sent forward the Twenty-third Missouri and one company from each of the Thirty-first, Eighty-ninth, and Ninety-second Ohio Regiments. Drove the enemy from his skirmish pits. At dark withdrew skirmishers and moved back within the lines of the First Division. March 21.Remained in camp. March 22.Formed rear guard; moved out at 2 p. m. one mile; remained till 7 p. m. Marched at~11.30 [p. in.I, making a distance of thirteen miles; encamped for the night. March 23.Marched at 6 a. in., crossing the Neuse River; arriving at Goldsborough, took a position northwest of town. March 24 to 31.Remained in camp. April 1 to 9.Brigade remained in camp near Goldsborough, N. C. April 10.Marched at 8 a. in. on Raleigh road; encamped for the night twelve miles from Goldsborongh. April 11.Marched at 5.45 a. in.; going nine miles, encamped for the night at Smithfield. April 12.Marched at 6 a. in. on same road; arriving at Stallings, encamped for the night. April 13.Marched at 5.30 a. in.; arriving at Raleigh, encamped for the night Page 120 120 OPERATIONS IN N. C., 5: 0., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. April 14.Marched at 8 a. m. on Greenville road, arriving at Pages Station, nine miles t the night. , urned south on by-road three miles; encamped for April 15.Marched at 5 a. m. on Holly Springs road; encamped for *he night near Holly Springs. April 16.Marched at 6.30 a. m. on Avens Ferry road~ enc for the night near Jones Cross-Roads. April 17 to 21.Remained in camp. April 22.Moved camp half a mile on Fayetteville road. April 23 to 27.Remained in camp. April 28.Returned through Holly Springs; marching eleven miles, encamped for the night. April 2.9.Arriving at Pages Station, encamped for the night. April 30.Marched at 5.30 a. m. on Oxford road; encamped for the night at Thompsons Store. June 1.The brigade was in camp near Washington, P. C., where it remained until the 14th. June 14.It left by rail to Parkersbnrg, W. Va.; thence embarked in transports for Louisville, Ky. June 21.Arrived at latter place, near which it has been encamped since. Second Brigade, Third Division. [January.]Brigade lay at Savannah until the 20th. January 20.h marched toward Sisters Ferry, where it arrived and lay till the close of the month. Third Brigade, Third Division. April 1 to 9.Encamped at Goldsborough, N. C., getting supplies. April 10 and 11.Marched to Smithfield, N. C.; twenty-seven miles. April 12.Marched to Clayton, N. C.; thirteen miles. The brigade, in advance of the Fourteenth Army Corps, skirmished all the route with the enemys cavalry. April 13.Marched to Raleigh, N. C.; fourteen miles. April 14.Marched fourteen miles toward Avens Ferry, on the Cape Fear River. April 15.Marched six miles toward Avens Ferry. April 16.Marched six miles to Collins Cross-Roads, on the Avens Ferry road. April 28.Marched eight miles toward Raleigh, N. C. April 29.Marched eight miles I~o Pages Station, on the Raleigh and Greensborough Railroad, eight miles from Raleigh. April 30.Marched thirteen miles en route to Richmond, Va. Temporary Division. June 7.The division was organized at Washington, P. C.. from regiments transferred from the Twentieth Corps to the Fourteenth, by Special Orders, No. 84, headquarters Army of Georgia. June 10.The command left Washington, P. C., for Louisville, Ky. June 15.Arrived. June 1G.Encamped about five miles from the city on the Taylors- ville road, and remained in the same camp during the month Page 121 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 121 TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS.* January 1.The Third Division broke camp near Savannah; crossed Savannah River; encamped in the vicinity of ilardeeville, S. C. The First Division remained in camp at Savannah till the 17th, when it crossed the river and marched to vicinity of Pnrysburg, arriving there on 19th. The Second Division remained in camp in the city of Savannah till the 27th, when they marched on the south side of Savannah River toward Sisters Ferry, arriving there on the 29th. The river being much swollen it was unable to cross. Jannary 30 and 31, remained in camp. January 2G.First and Third Divisions commenced movement np the Savannah River on the north side. January 29.Arrived at Robertsville, S. C. Both divisions remained at Robertsville till the end of the month. February 1.First and Third Divisions at Robertsville, S. C.; Sec- ond Division at Sisters Ferry. February 2.First and Third Divisions marched to Lawtonville; skirmished with the enemys cavalry; Second Division at Sisters Ferry. The First Brigade, First Division, detached to remain at Sis- ters Ferry. It came forward with the Second Division, rejoining the corps at Blackville, S. C. February ~?.The First and Third Divisions marched to Duck Branch Post-Office; Second Division at Sisters Ferry. February 4.First and Third Divisions marched to Allendale Post- Office; Second Division to Robertsville. February 5.First and Third Divisions marched to Bufords Bridge; Second Division to Trowells Cross-Roads. February 6.First and Third Divisions crossed the Salkehatchie; marched to Little Salkehatchie~ 5 st~eg~~q~y 7.First econd Division marched to Means and Third Divisions crossed Little Salkehatchie; marched to near Grahams Station, on South Carolina Railroad; Sec- ond Division marched to Coosawhatchie Swamp. February 8.First and Third Divisions at work destroying railroad west from Grahams Station; encamped at Grahams Station; Second Division marched to Bufords Bridge. February 9.First and Third Divisions marched to Blackville, destroying the railroad; Second Division to Blackville, rejoining the corps. February 10.First and Third Divisions at work destroying the rail- road west from Blackyille; Second Division and First Brigade, First Division, marched to and seized Duncans Bridge, over South Fork of Edisto River. February 11.First Division marched to Duncans Bridge, joining the Second Division on the north side of the river; Third Division moved to Williston Station, destroying railroad; encamped at Guig- nards Bridge, over South Fork of Edisto River. February 12.First and Second Divisions marched to Jeffcoats Bridge; Third Division rejoined the corps. February 13.Marched to Jones Cross-Roads. February 14.Marched to Columbia Cross-Roads. February 1.5.Marched to near Lexington. Commanded by Byt. Maj. Gen. Aipheus S. Williams and Maj. Gen. Joseph A. Mower Page 122 122 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. February 16.Marched to near Columbia. February 17.Marched to Saluda River. February 18.Crossed Saluda River and marched to Gakyille Post- Office. February 19.Marched to Broad River, encamping on the Freshly farm. February 20.Crossed Broad and Little Rivers, encamping on the Owens farm. February 21.Marched through Winnsborongh, encamping on Beaver Dam Creek. liiebruary 22.First and Third Divisions marched to Catawba River at Rocky Mount Post-Office; Second Division remained near Winns- borough, destroying railroad. February 23.First and Tjiird Divisions crossed Saluda River, encamping five miles north on Colonel Ballards farm; Second Division rejoined the corps. February 24.Marched four miles, encamping on the Hulliard farm. February 25.Remained in camp. February 2G.Marched to Hanging Rock Post-Office. February 27.Crossed Hanging Rock Creek. February 28.Marched to Hortons Store. March 1.Marched from Clyburns Store, S. C., to Brewers farm; distance, fourteen miles; roads miry, weather cloudy, with little rain. March 2.Marched toward Chesterfield Court-House, S. C. Met a small force of the enemy withiu one mile and a half of the town; drove them without loss. March 3.Command remained at Chesterfield; reconnaissancemade toward Sneedsborough, N. C. March 4.Marched to within one mile of the Great Pedee River, ten miles northwest of Cheraw and near Sueedsborongh, N. C. Weather cloudy, with little rain; roads rough and miry. March 5.Command remained near Sneedsborough, N. C.; weather mild and pleasant. March 6.Marched to Cheraw, S. C.; crossed the pontoon bridge and encamped four miles north of Cheraw. Roads medium; weather clear and pleasant; distance traveled, fourteen miles. March 7.Command marched to the Rockingham and Wilmington Railroad. Roads in good order; weather clear and temperate; distance traveled, seventeen miles. March 8.Marched to within six miles of McFarlands Bridge, Lum- ber River; cut a road through the woods; roads miry; raining heavily; distance traveled, thirteen miles. March 9.Marched to a point three miles east of McFarlands Bridge; bridge destroyed by the enemy; bridge rebuilt by the com- mand; raining heavily; distance traveled, nine miles; roads rough, with spongy soil. March 10.Marched to within one mile of Rockfish Creek; bridge erected across the creek; weather changeable; distance traveled (over a spongy road), ten miles. March 11.Marched, First and Third Divisions, unencumbered, toward Fayetteville, N. C. ; Second Division with the trains; portion of the road miry and treacherous; struck Fayetteville at 7 p. in.; weather clear and temperate; distance, twenty miles. March 12.Remained encamped within one mile of the town. March 13.Moved through Fayetteville; crossed Cape Fear River; encamped four miles north; weather clear; distance, five miles Page 123 Ca& r. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 123 March 14.Remained stationary. March 15.First and Third Divisions moved as a light column up the river; the Second Division on interior road, moving east with the trains. Raining heavily; distance, eleven miles. March 16.Struck the enemy near Taylors Hole Creek, driving them, capturing three guns and two lines of works. Losskilled, 30; wounded, 289, and missing, 30.* Loss of enemy remaining in our hands killed, 101; wounded, 68, and prisoners, 129. March 17.Moved to Black River; weather clear and temperate. The Third Division moved as flanking column toward Averasborough; distance, four miles. March 18.Moved across Black River: roads in bad condition; weather mild; distance, twelve miles. March 1.9.Moved up to the support of the Fourteenth Corps, who struck the enemy near Mill Creek~ brisk fighting until dark, ~resisting several assaults; fortified at night; weather clear; distance, nine miles. March 20, 21, and 22.Remained in same position. Enemy still in front. Loss during four days, killed and wounded, 435* March 23.Enemy evacuate our front; marched to within seven miles of Goldsborough, crossing Neuse River; distance, twelve miles. March 24.Arrived at Goldsborongh, N. C. March 25 to 31.At Goldsborough, N. C. April 1 to 10.The corps remained in camp at Goldsborough; N. C. April 10.Marched to Moccasin Creek, the First Division skirmish- ing with the enemy. April 11.Marched to Smithfield. April 12.Marched to Swift Creek. April 13.Marched to Raleigh. Remained in camp at Raleigh until the 25th, when the corps was moved to Jones Cross-Roads. April 26.Marched back to Raleigh. Remained there until the 30th, when the march to Washington was commenced. Encamped on the night of the 30th at the Neuse River, near Forest Paper Mills. Casual- ties, 4. May 1 to 8.En route for Richmond, Ya~, arriving there the latter date, remaining until the 11th. May 11.The command commenced its march to Washington, D. C., through Richmond, Va. May 19.Arrived at Alexandria, remaining until the 24th. May 24.The command marched through Washington in review, and encamped between that city and Bladensburg, where it remained during the month. [June.]The corps remained near Washington since last report. First Division. January 1.The division remained in camp on the west side of the city of Savannah to the 17th of the month. Daily details were made from each brigade for building a line of fortifications around the city and cutting timber to corduroy a road over ilutchinsons Island for the passage of troops and trains to South Carolina. January 17.The division broke camp and crossed the Savannah River and marched toward Purysburg, which point it reached on the 19th, where the division remained until the 26th to receive necessary supplies. * But see revised tables, pp. 65 and 75 Page 124 124 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. January 26.The Second Brigade, Colonel Hawley commanding, marched toward Sisters Ferry, followed the next day by the First Bri- gade, Col. James L. Seifridge commanding, and on the 28th by the Third Brigade, Brig. Gen. J. S. Robinson commanding, and train. It was found impossible .to proceed on the direct road to Sisters Ferry, owing to the great freshet that then prevailed in the Savannah River, and the division marched for Robertsville, S. C., where it arrived on the 29th, the skirmishers of the Third Wisconsin Volunteers driving the enemys cavalry through the town. Remained in Robertsville the remainder of the month, sending the First Brigade to Sisters Ferry to build a dock for landing supplies. February 2.The division marched from Robertsville on the Barn- well road, leaving the First Brigade at Sisters Ferry. February 3.Passed through Lawtonville. February 4.Passed through Smyrna Post-Office. February 5.Passed through Allendale, encamping near Bufords Bridge, on the Big Salkehatchie. February 6.Crossed the Big Salkehatchie. February 7.Crossed the Little Salkehatchie and struck the South Carolina Railroad one mile and a half east of Grahams Station. February 8.Destroyed five miles of railroad track, working west from Grahams. February 9.Marched through Blackville to Station No. 96. February 10.Destroyed four miles of railroad track. February 11.Crossed South Fork of the Edisto River to Duncans Bridge. At night First Brigade (Colonel Selfridge) rejoined the divis- ion. Februaryl2.Marched to Jeffcoat~s Bridge, over North Fork of Edisto. February 13.Crossed the river, marching toward Columbia. February 15.Encamped near Lexington. February 1G.Marched toward Columbia. February 17 and 18.Turned to the left and crossed Saluda at Mount Zion Church. February 20.Crossed Broad and Little Rivers. February 21.Marched through Winnsborough. February 23.Crossed Catawba River at Rocky Mount. February 27.Crossed Hanging Rock Creek near Hanging Rock. During the early part of the month only one-half rations of coffee, sugar, and hard bread were issued to the troops, and on the 11th the rations were ordered to one-quarter rations. The weather during a great portion of the month was very rainy and the roads very bad. March 1.The division crossed Lynchs Creek, S. C. March 2.Reached Chesterfield, where we had a slight skirmish with the enemy, in which three men of the Fifth Connecticut Veteran Volun- teers were wounded. March 4.Marched to Sneedsborough, N. C. March 6.Crossed the Pedee River at Cheraw. March 7.Crossed Rockiugham and Fayetteville Railroad near Murchs Creek. March 9.Crossed Lumber River at IMlcFarlands Bridge. March 11.Reached Fayetteville. March 15.Crossed Cape Fear River, N. C.; encamped at Silver Run. March 16.Encountered the enemy near Taylors Run, where we had a lively fight, lasting nearly all day. Our casualties were 187 killed and wounded Page 125 CHAP. MX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 125 March 19.We again encountered the enemy at or near Bentonvitle, and after severe fighting repulsed his attack aiid held our position. Ou.r casualties were 103 officers aild men killed and wounded. March 23.Crossed Neuse River. March 24.Encamped on the north side of Goldsborough, where the division remained the remainder of the month. [Ajpril.JThe division remained in its camp at Goldsborough until the 10th. April 6.Brig. Gen. N. J. Jackson was relieved from command of the division by Special Orders, No. 37, headquarters Army of Georgia, and Brevet Major-General Williams assumed command by virtue of the same order. April 10.In the morning the division broke camp near Golds. borough; crossed Little River and marched toward Smithfield. Met the enemy shortly after crossing the river and drove them beyond Moccasin Creek, losing 1 enlisted man killed and 3 wounded. April 12.Passed through Smithfield, crossing the Neuse River. April 13.Reached Raleigh, where we remained until the 25th. April 25.Marched to Jones Cross-Roads, southwest of Raleigh, N. C., and on the 28th returned to our old camp near Raleigh. April 30.Began our march toward Washington, D. C., and encamped for the night on the north bank of the Neuse River near Forest Paper Mills. May 1.The division was en route from Raleigh, N. C., to Washing. ton; crossed the Tar River at Dickersons Bridge, the Roanoke at Tay- lors Ferry, the Meherrin and Nottoway Rivers. May 6.Crossed South Side Railroad at Blacks and Whites. May 8.Arrived near Richmond, Va., where the division remained two days. May 11.Passed through Richmond. May 12.Crossed the Chickahominy and South Anna. May 11.Crossed North Anna at Andersons Bridge and encamped near Spotsylvanma Court-House. May 16.Crossed the Rappahannock at Uiiited States Ford; passed through Brentsville and Fairfax Station, crossing Buli Run at Dyers Ford. May 19.Encamped about two miles west of Alexandria, where the division remained until the 24th. May 24.Marched through Washington, D. C., in review and went into camp about three miles amid a half from the city to the west of Washington and Baltimore Railroad, where we remain at the ena of the month. First Brigade, First Division. January 1.The brigade was encamped near Savannah. January 17.Crossed the river and marched to Purysburg, where we arrived on January 19, and staid until the 27th, when we marched again and reached the preseiit position on the 30th instant. Nothing of moment occurred during the whole month. February 4.The brigade started from Sisters Ferry. February 8.Passed through Lawtonville and crossed the North and South Forks of the Edisto River. February 16.Reached a point four miles west of Columbia, S. C. February 17.Crossed the Saluda River at Mount Zion Church. February 20.Crossed Broad River Page 126 126 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX~ February 21.Passed through Winusborough. February 23.Crossed the Wateree. The last of the month reached a point between Big and Little Lynchs Creeks. The command subsisted almost entirely on the country, foraging parties consisting of one commissioned officer and fifty men being sent out daily by regimental commanders. March 1.This brigade had reached on the march a point near Hang. ing Rock, S. C. March 2.Reached Chesterfield Court-House, S. C., where it had a lively skirmish with the enemy. The Fifth Coilnecticut Veteran Vol- unteers, of this brigade, had two enlisted men wounded. March 3.Crossed Thompsons Creek. March 6.Reached Cheraw; crossed the Great Pedee River at that point and proceeded in an easterly direction. illarch 11.Reached Fayetteville, N. C.; crossed Cape Fear River at that point and moved upon the Raleigh road until the 16th. March 1G.The enemy appearing in our front this brigade was ordered to engage it, which it did, driviiig the enemy back in confusion. The brigade lost in this engagement 1 commissioned officer killed, I wounded,3 enlisted men killed,and 17 wounded. March 17.Moved forward. March 19.While guarding the trains this brigade was ordered ahead to protect the left flank of the army from an expected attack of the enemy upon the trains. Later the brigade supported the Third Bri- gade of this division, afterward relieving the same from the line. The brigade sustained no loss in this engagement. March 22.Moved forward again; crossed Neuse River at Coxs Bridge. March 24.Reached Goldsborough, N. C.; passed through the town and encamped about three miles north from that place. Nothing further occurred of importance up to April 1. April 1.This brigade was encamped near Goldsborough, N. C., where it remained until the 10th. April 10.In compliance with orders from the division commander it moved back through Goldsborough, N. C., and took the road leading to Smithfield, N. C. After advancing about nine miles this brigade met a few of the enemy, with whom it continued to skirmish through. out the entire day, steadily driving them back. The One hundred and twenty-third Regiment New York Volunteers, of this brigade, lost 1 enlisted man killed and 3 wounded. April 11.Reached Smithfield, N. C., and Raleigh, N. C., on the 13th, where this brigade remained encamped until the 25th. April 25.In obedience to orders from Brevet Major-General WAl- iams, commanding division, this brigade marched to Jones Cross- Roads and remained at t~at point until the morning of the 28th, when it returned to Raleigh. April 30.Marched from Raleigh and on May 1 reached a point near Manteo Mills, Neuse River, IN. C. May 1.The brigade was on the march to Alexandria. it/lay 19.Arrived at that place at night and encamped until the morning ot May 24. May 24.It broke camp; participated in the grand review through Washington aud marched to its present encampment Page 127 Ca& p. MX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 127 Second Brigade, First Division. January 1.The brigade lay in Savannah. January 17.Crossed the Savannah River, and marched by way of Hardeeville to Purysburg Landing. January 26.Left Pnrysbnrg. January 29.Entered Robertsville. January 31.The brigade in position in Robertsville. February 2.The brigade moved from Robertsville, S. C. February 3.Passed throngli Lawtonville. February 6.Crossed the Big Salkehatchie. February 7.Reached the railroad near Grahamsville. February 8.Destroyed railroad. February 9.Marched throngh Blackville. February 10.Marched through Station No. 96. February 11.Crossed South Edisto River. February 13.Crossed North Edisto River. February 17.Crossed the Saluda six miles above Columbia. February 20.Crossed the Broad River. February 21.Passed through Winnsborough. February 23.Crossed the Catawba. February 27.Crossed Hanging Rock Creek. February 28.Crossed Little Lynchs Creek, bivouacking near Hick. ory Head. March 1.Left Hickory Head; marched fifteen miles, crossing Big Lynchs Creek. March 2.Entered Chesterfield. March 6.Passed through Cheraw and crossed the Great Pedee River. ]llarch 9.Crossed Lumber River. March 10.Crossed Rockfish Creek. ilfarch 11.Bivouacked one mile from Fayettville. March 13.Marched through Fayetteville and crossed Cape Fear River. March 16.Engaged with the enemy near Taylors Hole. Loss of the brigade, 124. March 19.Engaged near Mill Creek. March 22.Moved in direction of Goldsborongh. March 23.Crossed Neuse River. March 21.Entered the town; went into camp along the Weldon railroad. April 1.The brigade lay along the Weldon railroad near Golds- borough, N. C. April 10.Moved from Goldsborough toward Raleigh. April 12.Crossed the Neuse River near Smithfield, N. C. April 13.Arrived at Raleigh and went in camp on the left of the city. April 25.Moved out to Jones Cross-Roads, where it remained until the 28th. April 28.Johnston having surrendered it camp near Raleigh. moved back to its old April 30.Started for Richmond; marched fifteen miles, crossing Neuse River at Manteo Mills, where it encamped for the night. May 1.The brigade moved from Manteo Mills, marching through Williamsborough and Blacks and Whites. May 9.It arrived at Richmond Page 128 128 OPERATIONS IN N. cx, S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [Cnip. LIX. May 11.Left Richmond; crossed Rappahannock at United States Ford. May 19.Arrived at Alexandria; passed through Washington [24th] in review to our present camp near Bladensburg. Third Brigade, First Division. January 1.The brigade was at this time encampe(i in the suburbs and on the northern side of the city of Savannah, Ga. The troops occupied substantial winter camps and were chiefly employed in their usual drills and in building fortifications aronnd the city. A daily detail was also furnished by the brigade for cutting timber to be used in corduroying the road across ilutchinsons Island. No marked event occurred until the 14th, when Colonel Robinson, of the Eighty-second Ohio Veteran Volunteers, received official information of his appoint- ment by the President as brigadier-general of U. S. Volunteers. January 16.Brigadier-General Robinson assigned, by order of the corps commander, to the command of this brigade. January 17.Brigade marched at 8 a. m. The Sixty-first Ohio Vet- eran Volunteers, serving in quartermasters department Military Division of the Mississippi, remained in the city; the Thirty-first Wis- consin Volunteers, having been detaihA for special duty in cutting timber and corduroying road, remaiiied in its encampment. Brigade crossed the Savannah River opposite the city on pontoon bridges; reached the old camps of the Third Division, four miles from Screvens Ferry, and encamped at 2.30 p. m. January 18.Brigade marched at 2 p. m. in a northeasterly direc- tion. Encamped on Garretts plantation, four miles from ilardeeville, at 5.15 p. in.; distance marched, eight miles. The Thirty-first Wiscon- sin Volunteers rejoined the brigade at Garretts. January 19.Brigade marched at 9 a. in.; reached ilardeeville at 10.15 a. in.; arrived at Purysburg at 12 in., and there encamped. January 20.Weather exceedingly wet and the surface flooded by the freshet; no movement possible. January 21, 22, and 23.Wet weather continues; troops changed and police their camps. January 24 and 25.Rain ceases and the flood disappears. January 26.One hundred and forty-third New York sent forward five miles on the Sisters Ferry road to repair it. January 27.First Brigade moved at 8.30 a in.; Second Brigade moved yesterday. January 28.Brigade marched from Purysburg at 8 a. m -; Thirty- first Wisconsin Volunteers preceded and the other regiments followed the division train; reached Bradhams at 3.30 p. m. and there encamped. January 29.Marched from Bradhams, on the Robertsville road, at 7.30 a. m. Brigade formed the rear of the division, covering the train. The One hundred and forty-third New York Volunteers, being in advanc6 of the division, drove the enemys cavalry back as far as Robertsville, where that regiment was relieved by Second Brigade. Brigade reached and encamped at Robertsville at 1.30 p~ m. January 30 and 31.Brigade remained encamped at Robertsville, S.C. February 1.The brigade at this time was encamped at Roberts- ville, S. C. The troops were put on half rations of sugar, coffee, and bread Page 129 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF TILE CAROLINAS. 129 February 2.Marched from Robertsville at 9 a. in.; encamped at Lawtonville at 6 p. in.; distance marched, fifteen miles. February 3.Marched at 7 a. in.; weather very wet; brigade recon- noitered the left flank during the afternoon\; encamped at Duck Branch Post-Office at nightfall; distance, ten miles. February 4.Marched at 8 a. in.; encamped near Sinyrna Post-Office at 7 p. in.; distance, ten miles. February 5.Marched at 7 a. in.; passed through Allendale at 8.20 a. in.; encamped near Bufords Bridge at 3 p. in.; distance, thirteen miles. February 6.Marched at 1L30 a. m. and crossed the Big Salke- hatchie near Bufords Bridge; encamped near the Little Salkehatchie at 6 p. in. February 7.Marched at 7 a. m. and crossed the Little Salkehatchie at 3.30 p. in.; struck the South Carolina Railroad at the Fifty-Mile Post, near Grahams Station; encamped at this poiut; distance, ten miles. February 8.Marched at 7.15 a. in.; commenced destroying the rail- road at the Fifty-Mile Post from Augusta, and destroyed two miles of track; encamped again at Grahams Station at nightfall. February 9.Marched at 8 a. in.; reached Blackyille at 12.30 p. in.; encamped at Ninety-six Mile Turnout at nightfall; distance, thirteen miles. February 10.Resumed the destruction of the railroad at 7 a. in.; destroyed two miles of track during the day; encamped again at Ninety- six Mile Turnout. February 11.Marched at 8 a. in.; crossed the South Fork of the Edisto at New Bridge at 5.15 p. in.; encamped iiear New Bridge at 6 p. in.; distance, eleven miles. February 12.Marched at 1.30 p. in.; reached Jeffcoats Bridge, on the North Fork of the Edisto, and there encamped; distance, thirteen miles. February 13.Marched at 1.30 p. in.; crossed the North Fork of the Edisto and encamped at 3.30 p. in.; distance, eight niiles. February 14.Marched at 7 a. in. as rear guard of the corps. Cap- tain Reynolds, adjutant and inspector general, was captured by a squad of rebel cavalry about 10 a. in.; encamped at Columbia Cross- Roads at noon; distance, eight miles. February 15.Marched at 10 a. in. on the Lexington road; crossed Congaree Creek at 6 p. in.; encamped at Two Notch Cross-Roads at 10 p. in.; distance,twelve miles. February 16.Marched at 7.30 a. in. on the Columbia road. The column was stripped for action but iio eueiny appeared, and the brigade encamped four miles from Columbia at 11.30 a. in.; distance, nine miles. February 17.Marched at 8.15 a. in.; reached Mount Zion Church, near the Saluda River, at 11 a. in.; there encamped; distance, seven miles. February 18.Crossed the Saluda on a pontoon bridge at 8 a. in. At 11 a. in. the brigade eucamped at Crqoked Branch, having marched ten miles. February 19.Marched at 10 a. in. and passed Rockville Post-Office at 11 a. in. At 5.30 p. in. the brigade encamped near Alston, on the Broad River, having marched eight miles. February 20.Crossed Broad River at 9 a. in. and Little River at 11; encamped at Myrtle Hill at 4 p. in.; distance, nine miles. 9 n RYOL XLVII, PT Page 130 130 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. Lix. February 21.Marched at 9 a. in., and at 4 p. m. reached Winus- borough; encamped three miles beyond the village; distance, thirteen miles. Troops put on quarter rations of sugar, coffee, and bread. February 22.Marched at 10 a. in.; crossed Wateree Creek and encamped near Rocky Mount Post-Office near midnight; distance, fifteen miles. February 23.Marched at 7 a. in.; crossed Wateree River at 10 a. in.; encamped four miles l)eyond; distance, five miles. February 24.Marched at 7.30 a. in.; weather very wet and the roads heavy. Advanced three miles and encamped on Pattersons planta- tion. February 25.Remained encamped on Pattersons plantation; weather continued wet. February 2G.Marched at 2 p. in.; encamped two miles from Hang- ing Rock Post-Office at nightfall; distance, six miles. February 27.Marched at 6.13 a. in.; passed Hanging Rock Post- Office and crossed the creek of the same name; encamped on Mobley~s plantation at 9 a. in.; distance marched, three miles. February 28.Remained encamped on Mobleys plantation. March 1;Brigade marched from Little Lynchs Creek, four miles beyond Big Lynchs Creek; distance, twelve miles. March 2.~Crossed Big Black Creek and arrived at Chesterfield Court-House; distance, sixteen miles. - March 3.Crossed Thompsons Creek; distance, nine miles. March 4.Crossed Abrams and Little Westfield Creeks and encamped near Great Pedee River; distance, five miles. March 5.Remained near Great Pedee River. March 6.Marched to Cheraw; crossed Great Pedee River and encamped four miles beyond; distance, fourteen miles. March 7.Crossed the North Carolina line and encamped near the Wilmington and Rutherford Railroad; distance, thirteen miles. March 8.Marched to McFarlands Bridge, on the Lumber River; dis- tance, eighteen miles. March 9.Brigade rebuilt the bridge over the Lumber; crossed that stream and encamped three miles beyond. March 10.Marched to Rockfish Creek; distance, nine miles. March 11.Crossed Rockfish and Little Rockfish Creeks and marched to within two miles of Fayetteville; distance, nineteen miles. March 12.Remained near Fayetteville. March 13.Marched through Fayetteville and encamped on the right bank of the Cape Fear River. March 14.Crossed the Cape Fear River and encamped five miles beyond. March 15.Marched to Kyles Landing; distance, thirteen miles. March 16.Marched four miles and engaged the enemy at Smiths farm. March 17.Marched to Black River; distance, three miles. March 18.Crossed Black River and Mingo Creek; distance, twelve miles. March 19.Marched seven miles and engaged the enemy near Ben- nettsville [Benton ville]. March 20 and 21.Remained near Bennettsville [Bentonville]. March 22.Marched to Falling Creek; distance, fifteen miles. March 23.Crossed Falling Creek and Neuse River, the latter at Coxs Bridge; distance, ten miles Page 131 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLiNAS. 131 March 24.Crossed Little River and arrived at Goldsborough. Bri- gade encamped on the north side of the town near the Weldon railroad. March 25.Remained in the camp of yesterday. iliarch 26.Brigade changed its camp to the east side of the railroad. March 27 and 28.Troops employed in constructing a permanent camp. March 29.An inspection made of the brigade. March 30.Brigade commenced building a line of breast-works cov- ering its front March 31.The Eighty-second and Sixty-first Ohio Veteran Volun- teers consolidated into one regiment, to be known as the Eighty-second Ohio Veteran Volunteers; the new organization to date from to-morrow. April 1.The brigade was at this date encamped near Goldsborough, N. C. April 2.Orders received that General Mower assume command of Twentieth Corps. April 3 and 4.Orders received announcing a new organization of the army and indicating an early movement. April 5.The brigade was reviewed by Major-General Mower. April 6.A dispatch received announcing the capture of Richmond and Petersburg by the Army of the Potomac. April 7.Brigade topographical engineer and commissary of sub- sistence abolished. April 8.Captain Wallace, topographical engineer, detailed for same duty on division staff. Captain Saalmann, acting commissary of sub- sistence, detailed for same duty in subsistence department of division. April 9.Eighty-second and Sixty-first Ohio Veteran Volunteers consolidated into one regiment, to be known as the Eighty-second Ohio Veteran Volunteers. April 10.Brigade marched from its camp at 6 a. in.; passed through Goldsborough and moved out the Smithfield road; crossed Little River at 9 a. in.; skirmishing at 10. At noon the enemys cavalry were encountered at Moccasin Creek. The brigade crossed the stream and encamped at nightfall; distance, sixteen miles. April 11.Brigade marched to Smithfield; distance, thirteen miles. April 12.News received of the surrender of Lees army. Brigade crossed the Keuse River and moved toward Raleigh. Encamped at 5 p.111.; distance marched, fifteen miles. April 13.Brigade marched to Raleigh and encamped near the city. April 14 to 1G.Remained near Raleigh. April 17.News received of the assassination of President Lincoln. April18 to 24.Brigade remained near Raleigh. April 25.Brigade marched from Raleigh to Jones Cross-Roads; distance, fourteen miles. April 26.Remained at Jones Cross-Roads. April 27.Brigade returned to its camp near Raleigh; distance, fourteen miles. April28 and 29.Remained near Raleigh. April 30.Brigade commenced its march toward Washington, via Richmond, moving at 5 a. in.; crossed the Neuse River and encamped one mile beyond at 2 p. m. [May.]At the commencement of the month the brigade was on the march from Raleigh, N. C., to Alexandria, Va., having left the former place April 30 Page 132 132 OPERATIONS IN N. C.. S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. May 1.Marched from Neuse River to Tar River: encamped near the latter at 5 p. in.; distance, eighteen miles. May 2.Crossed Tar River at Dickersons Bridge; encamped near Williamsborough at 5 p. in.; distance, twelve miles. May 3.Crossed the State line into Virginia at sunset; crossed the Roanoke River at 9 p. in.; distance, seventeen miles. May 4.Marched to and crossed Meherrin River: distance, twenty- two miles. May 5.Marched to Nottoway River; distance, twenty miles. May 6.Reached and encamped at Wellville Station, South Side Railroad, at 2 p. in.; distance, fifteen miles. May 7Crossed the Appomattox River at 1 p. in.; encamped at 5 p. in.; distance, twenty-four miles. May 8.Marched to Falling Creek; distance, eighteeii miles. May 9.Moved two miles and encamped within six miles of Rich- mond. May 10No movement. May 11.Crossed the James River, and moving through Richmond encamped near Brook Church; distance, ten miles. May 12.Chickahouiiny was crossed at Johnstons Bridge, and cross- ing the South Anna encamped; distance, fourteen miles. May 13.Reached the Virginia Central Railroad near Beaver Dam Station at 11 a in.; distance, fourteen miles. May 14.Crossed the North Anna River at Andersons Bridge; eiicamped near Spotsylvania Court-House; distance, sixteen miles. illiay 15.Marched to United States Ford, on the Rappahannock; distance, fifteen miles. May 16.Crossed the Rappahannock River at United States Ford and encamped near Town Creek; distance, fifteen miles. May 17.Marched to Cedar Run; distance, thirteen miles. May 18.Crossed Bull Run at Dyers Ford and reached Fairfax Station; distance, twenty miles. May 19.Moved toward Alexandria; eiicamped three miles west oi the city at 3 p. in.; distance, fifteen miles. May 20 to 24.Brigade remained in this camp until the 24th, when it participated in the grand review before the President of the United States in the city of Washington. Went into permanent camp near Fort Saratoga, D. C. May 25 t~ 31.No movement. Second Division. [January.]Reinained in camp at Savannah until the 27th instant when we moved on the Augusta road for Sisters Ferry. Encamped that night at the Eleven-Mile Post; weather very cold; roads miry. January 28.Took the Middle Ground road; turning to the left encamped near Springfield; weather cold; roads bad. January 29.Passed through Springfield and turned to the right on the Sisters Ferry road; crossed two swamps and encamped within two miles of the ferry; roads very bad. January 30 and 31.Remained in camp; troops engaged constructing corduroy road across a long swamp the other side of the Savannah River. No casualties occurred during the month. February 1 to 3.In camp at Sisters Ferry, building road through the swamp across the river. February 4.Marched to Robertsville, S. C Page 133 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 133 February 5.Marched nine miles to Trowells Cross-Roads. February 6.Marched fourteen miles to Means Store. February 7.Marched eight miles to Coosawhatchie Swamp. February 8.Marched fifteen miles to Bufords Bridge. February 9.Marched eighteen miles to Blackville. February 10.Marched ten miles to Duncans Bridge. February 12.Marched twelve miles to Jeffcoats Bridge, from which we drove the enemy after a severe skirmish. February 13.Marched six miles to cross-roads. February 14.Marched seven miles to cross-roads. February 15.Marched eleven miles and a half to cross-roads near Lexington; skirmished all day with rebel cavalry. February 16.Marched seven miles; encamped near Columbia. February 17.Marched five miles to Liphardts Mills. February 18.Marched. February 19.Marched. February 20.Marched, crossing Broad River; encamped within nine miles of Winnsborough; distance, nineteen miles. February 21.Marched nine miles to Winusborough. February 22.Destroyed railroad with tw~ brigades; matched seven miles to Wateree Church. February 23.Marched seventeen miles, crossing Catawba at Rocky Mount. February 24.Marched four miles. February 26.Marched five miles to Hanging Rock Post-Office. February 27.Marched three miles, crossing Hanging Rock Creek. February 28.Marched eight miles, crossing Little Lynchs Creek, encamping at Clyburns Store. March 1.Marched from Clyburns Store beyond Big Lynchs Creek; twelve miles. March 2.Marched six miles to Big Black Creek. March 3.Marched fifteen miles to Chesterfield Court-House. March 4.~flarched ten miles to near Sneedsborough. March 6.Marched fifteen miles through Cheraw to Wolf Creek. March 7.Marched thirteen miles to Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherford Railroad. March 8.Marched seven miles. March 9.Marched twelve miles to Lumber River. March 10.Marched two miles and a half. March 11.Marched fifteen miles to plank road. March 12.Marched thirteen miles to Fayetteville, N.. C. March 13.Marched four miles, across Cape Fear River. March 14.Remained in camp. March 15.Marched eight miles. March 16.Marched eight miles, across South River. March 18.Marched eight miles and a half to Ramers Mill. March 19.Marched ten miles to Canaan Church. March 20.Marched eight miles to Bentonville battle-field. March 22.Marched fifteen miles, across Falling Creek. March 23.Marched twelve miles, across INeuse River. ill arch 24.Marched eight miles to Goldsborough. March 25 to 31.In camp near Goldsborough, N. C. April 1 to 10.Remained in camp near Goldsborongh, N. C. Apri~ 10.Marched fourteen miles toward Raleigh. April 11.Marched eleven miles and a half to Smithfield. April 12.M arched fourteen miles to Swift Creek. April 13.IM arched fourteen miles to Raleigh Page 134 134 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX. April 25.Marched twelve miles to Jones Cross-Roads. April 28.Marched l)ack twelve miles to Raleigh. Johnston sur- rendered yesterday. April 29.Turned in ammunition and loaded trains with rations. April 30.Commenced the homeward march for Washington; marched beyond Neuse River; distance, fourteen miles and a half During the month of April, in pursuance of instructions from the War Department, the One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Volun- teers was consolidated with the One hnndred and eleventh Pennsyl- vania Volunteers. May 1.Marched from Neuse River to Copehards farm; twenty-two miles. May 2.Marched nineteen miles to Williainsborough. May 3.Marched twelve miles to Virginia line. May 4.Marched twenty-two miles to El Bethel Church. May 5.Marched twenty-one miles to Barnes farm. May 6.Marched fifteen miles to Wellyille. May 7.Marched twenty miles to Appomattox River. May 8.Marched twenty-one miles to Falling Creek. May 9.Marched three miles toward Richmond. May 11.Marched twelve miles through Richmond to Brook Church. May 12.Marched twelve miles to Ashland. May 13.Marched sixteen miles and a half to Little River. May 14.Marched eighteen miles to Mat River. May 15.Marched twenty-one miles to United States Ford. May 16.Marched seventeen miles and three-quarters to Town Creek. May 17.Marched sixteen miles to Brentsville. May 18.Marched eighteen miles to near Fairfax Station. May 19.Marched eighteen miles to Alexandria. May 24.Marched seventeen miles to Washington, review order, and encamped near Bladensburg, Md. May 25 to 31.In camp near Bladensbnrg, Md. [June.]Division in camp near Bladensburg, Md. June 5.The Fifth, Twenty-ninth, and Sixty-sixth Ohio Regiments were transferred to the Fourteenth Army Corps by Special Orders, No. 84, current series, headquarters Army of Georgia. June 6.The Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Seventy-third, One hun- dred and eleventh, and One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, Sixtieth and One hundred and second New York Volunteers, and Thirty-third New Jersey Volunteers transferred to Department of Washington by General Orders, No. 12, current series, Twentieth Army Corps, and Special Orders, No. 294, current series, headquarters of the Army, Adjutant-Generals Office. June 7 to 12.The One hundred and nineteenth, One hundred and thirty-fourth, One hundred and fifty-fourth, One hundred and thirty- seventh, and One hundred and forty-ninth New York Volunteers were mustered out, under provisions of General Orders, Nos. 77 and 94, cur- rent series, War Department, Adjutant-Generals Office. First Brigade, Second Division. The brigade lay encamped in the city of Savannah from December 21, 1864 (the date of its capture), until the morning of January 27, 1865, when, in compliance to orders received, broke camp at 8 a. m. and itioved out of the city on the Augusta road, and marched to near Mon- tieth Station, distance, twelve miles, and encamped for the night Page 135 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 135 January 28.Moved at 7.30 a. m. and marched to near Springfield, Ga.; distance, fourteen miles; bivouacked for the night. January 29.Moved at 6.30 a. m. and marched to within three miles of Sisters Ferry, Ga., distance, twelve miles, where the brigade remains in camp awaiting the clearing and construction of a road to cross the Savannah River. February 1.The brigade lay encamped near Sisters Ferry, Ga., awaiting the completion of the bridge over the Savannah and the road through the swamp on the opposite side, where it remained until the morning of the 4th. February 4.Moved at daylight and crossed the river at Sisters Ferry by a pontoon bridge. On the South Carolina shore loaded up the wagons with supplies for the campaign. Marched on at 2 p. m. about two miles. The road being in very bad order, it had to be cordnroyed for about one mile, which was finished by noon of the next day. February 5.Marched at 2p. m. and moved to Stafford Cross-Roads, near Steep Bottom Post-Office, S. C. February 6.Moved at 8 a. m. and marched to near Beech Branch Post-Office, S. C. February 7.Moved at 8 a. m. and marched to north side of Coosaw- hatchie Swamp. February 8.Moved at 6 a. m. and marched to Bufords Bridge, over the Salkehatchie River, and encamped for the night on the east side. February 9.Moved at 7 a. m. and marched to near Blackville, S. C.; ninety-one recruits from draft rendezvous were received for the Twenty- eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. February 10.Joined the corps this morning in Blackville. The division was left to cover the frains of the corps while the other two (livisions went up the railroad toward Augusta to destroy it. At 12 m. received orders to march to Duncans Bridge, over the South Edisto River, where we arrived at 5.30 p. m. Soon after crossed over the river by a foot bridge, the road bridges being partially destroyed by the enemy, and encamped for the night on the east side of the river. The trains were unable to cross. February 11.Did not move, but assisted in building the bridges and corduroying the roads over the South Edisto by heavy details from the brigade. February 12.Moved at 6 a. in. When about five miles from the camp of the night before met a small party of the enemys cavalry, but the advance pushed forward vigorously, driving them to the North Edisto River, where we arrived about 12 m. The enemy were found posted on the opposite side of the river, they having destroyed the bridge before our arrival. They were also well protected by a sw-amp about 100 yards in length. We soon drove them behind this swamp, but could not cross our men over the stream only by a small boat. When about thirty men had been crossed to the edge of the swamp at the end of the causeway, they were ordered to charge through it and drive them off but when they had pushed about two-thirds of the distance through the enemy opened two pieces of artillery with grape and canister, which compelled them to fall back, there being too few of them. The enemy then threw shell in the direction of the bridge where our men were at work rebuilding it. The enemy kept up considerable firing of small-arms, and until 8 oclock in the evemiing no new attempt was made by us to drive them off but. the reconstruction of the bridge was continued and finished by 1 a. in. of the 13th instant, when ou Page 136 136 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAPLIX. pickets were ordered to push as far through the swamp as possible, which they did about 3 a. in., when it was discovered that the enemy had retreated. At daylight the brigade was ordered over the river in support of the advance, which was ordered to push forward some dis- tance. They soon came on them posted near a mill. They advanced rapidly, driving them before them for about a mile, when orders were received to halt. We remained in this position until the remainder of the corps had passed, the enemy having retired in the meantime, when we marched about six miles and went into camp at Jones Cross-Roads. Our casualties on the 12th and 13th were 1 commissioned officer wounded, 3 enlisted men killed and 9 wounded. February 14.Marched to Lexington Cross-Roads; distance, about eight miles. February 15.Moved at 7 a. in.; the brigade was the advance of the corps. Had several small skirmishes at Congaree and Red Bank Creeks; also at Two League Cross-Roads, two miles from Lexington Court-House, where we went into camp for the night. February 16.Moved at 1 p. in. as rear guard to the corps; encamped about five miles west of Columbia to protect the rear of the trains. February 17.Marched to Liphardts Mills, near the Saluda River. February 18.Moved at 9 a. in.; crossed the Saluda River and marched to Ravenscrofts Mills. February 19.Marched to Freshlys Mills, near Broad River. February 20.Crossed Broad River and marched to Owens farm, near Kincaids Cross-Roads. February 21.Marched to Winusborough, S. C. The brigade was ordered to be put on guard duty in the town to act as provost guard until the army should pass through, where it remained until 3.30 [oclock] of the 22d, when we marched to Wateree Church to join the remainder of the division and encamped for the night. February 23.Marched to the Catawba River and crossed it at Rocky Mount Post-Office; went into camp on the east side of the river. February 24.Marched to Hilliards farm. February 25.Did not move. February 26.Marched to Hanging Rock Post-Office. February 27.Crossed the Hanging Rock Creek and encamped about two miles east of it. February 28.Marched to Clyburns Store. March 1.Moved at 12 in. The brigade had charge of 114 wagons to guard and render any assistance to help it along that they might need. Crossed Lynchs Creek at Ferleys Bridge and encamped for the night one mile and a half east of it. March 2.Moved at 8 a. in. in charge of 160 wagons of the train. Marched to the west side of Big Black Creek, where we caught up with the trains of the other divisions, which were detained by the bridge wearing out by the heavy trains which had passed ovet~ it. Went into camp at this place at 5 p. in. March 3.Moved at 9 a. in. The brigade was detailed as rear guard of the corps trains. Was detained considerably by the bad roads. The soil in this days march was very treacherous and full of quicksands. We crossed Big Black, Little Black, and Smiths Mill Creeks; went into camp at 11.30 p. in. at Chesterfield Court-House. March 4.Moved at 7 a. in. in charge of a portion of the train to near Sneedsborough, N. C. March 5.Did not move; awaiting the building of the pontoon bridge over the Great Pedee River Page 137 CHAP. LIX.j THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 137 March 6.Moved at 8 a. in. and marched to Cheraw, S. C., nine miles below Sneedsborough, to cross on the pontoon bridge of the Right Wing, which place we reached at 12 m. Waited until 2 p. m. until the remainder of the Fifteenth Army Corps had crossed, when we crossed and marched five miles and encamped for the night on the plantation of Mr. Woollard. March 7.Moved at 7 a. m. in charge of a portion of the wagon train; crossed the North and South Carolina State line at 10 a. m. near a resin and tar manufactory of Mr. Green, which was burning as we passed, and is said to have contained 2,000 barrels of resin, & c.; encamped f~r the night near Station No. 103, Rutherford and Wilmington Railroad. March 8.Moved at 12 m. again in charge of the rear portion of the train; was detained several hours by the trains ahead by a very bad piece of road abont five miles from the camp of the night before. The trains were all over this place by 7 p. in., when we marched abont five miles and encamped for the night, the last regiment getting in about 10p.m. March 9.Moved at 7 a. in.; was detained several hours by the trains ahead of us, owing to the bad roads; encamped for the night at 4p. m. about one mile west of Lumber River, N. C. March 10.Lay in camp awaiting the crossing of the river by the trains, which was a very tedious and difficult passage, which was caused by the heavy rains of the night before; moved at 3.30 p. in.; marched abont three miles and encamped for the night on the south side of Buffalo Creek. March 11.Moved at 6 a. m. and marched about five miles, when we canght up with the remainde~r of the corps, when the First and Third Divisions were ordered forward, unencumbered, to support the Four- teenth Army Corps at or near Fayetteville, N. C., in case the enemy should be found in any force at that place. Our division was ordered to escort the trains through. Our brigade had charge of 469 wagons. Marched to near Little Rockfish Creek, on the Rockingham and Fay- etteville plank road, and encamped for the night, the last regiment arriving in camp at 2.30 a. m. of the 12th. March 12.Moved at 6 a in., the brigade in advance in charge of 450 wagons; marched to Fayetteville, N. C.; arriving about 2 p. in., went into camp about haifa mile southwest of the town. To-day was the first day that we have had mail communication since leaving Savannah, Ga., in all forty-four days out. March 13.Did not move until 1 p. in., when we received orders to pass through the town in review, Major-Generals Sherman, Sloei~m, and others being present. We halted at the east end of the town until our division train should come up and escort it across Cape Fear River and to camp. Owing to the difficult approaches to and from the bridge our brigade did not commence to cross until 3.30 a. in. of the 14th, the last regiment crossing about daylight. Marched about five miles to where the corps had encamped the night before, the last regiment com- ing into camp about 6 a. m. of the 14th instant. March 14.Did not move this day. March 15.Jim accordance with on ers from corps headquarters our division was detailed to escort the trains of the corps. The other divis- ions of the corps, in company with two divisions of the Fourteenth Army Corps, were to move to the left, unencumbered, so as to protect the trains from attack by the enemy. Moved at 12 in. The brigade, in charge of 660 wagons of the train, was detained by bad roads all day. Marched about eight miles. Three regiments of the brigad Page 138 138 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. arrived in camp by 11 p. in., but the remainder did not get in at all. The camp this night was about two miles and a half this side of Black River. March 16.The advance of the train moved on over the river, the bridge having been completed by the time it arrived. Was compelled to corduroy the whole distance traveled betore the trains could cross over the road. Marched about five miles east of Black River and encamped for the night, the last regiment getting in about 11 p. m. March 17.Did not move to-day. One regiment was detailed in con- nection with a regiment from each of the other two brigades to form a foraging party. March 18.Moved at 6 a. m. The brigade was ordered in advance to fix all bad places. We corduroyed about five miles of the road and marched seven and encamped for the night near Ramers Mills at 8 p.m. March 19.Moved at 9 a. m. in charge of 350 wagons in rear of the train. Marched to within six miles southeast of Bentonville and went into camp at 1 a. in. 20th. March 20.We had but arrived in camp about half an hour, when orders were received to move at once and re-enforce the corps near Bentonville, where the enemy attacked the unencumbered divisions in force. We arrived at corps headquarters at 5 a. m. and were in rear of Kilpatricks cavalry to wait further orders. Remained in this position until the morning of the 22d. March 22.The enemy having left our front we moved at 7 a. in. in the direction of Coxs Bridge, over the Neuse River. Marched about fourteen miles and encamped for the night on the north side of Falling Creek; were detained several hours by bad roads, and did not get into camp until 11 p. m. March 23.Moved at 6 a. m. and marched to within a mile of Coxs Bridge, where we halted for two hours awaiting the crossing of the Fourteenth Army Corps. Moved on again at 11 a. m. and crossed Neuse River on the pontoon bridges and marched to Millards Cross- Roads, the enemys cavalry being around our flanks in considerable numbers, picking up our foragers, but did not disturb our camp. March 24.Moved at 7 a. in. The trains and pack animals were sent on ahead, orders having been received that the corps would be reviewed by Major-General Sherman in O-oldsborough; crossed Little River; arrived at Goldsborough at 11 a. in.; passed in review and marched to the northeast side of the town, where we went into camp for the day. March .Changed camp to the Snow Hill road, about two miles and a half from Goldsborough, where we went into regular camp, and ended the campaign of fifty-eight days from Savannah, a distance of 500 miles, the route traveled by the brigade. Remained in this camp during the remainder of the month. [April.1The brigade lay encamped at Goldsborough, N. C., until the lOth,at 5.30 a. in., when, in accordance with orders, the brigade broke camp, marched through Goldsborough, taking the road toward Smithfield, N. C., crossing Little River about five miles from its mouth, nothing of note occurring until 1 p. in. at Moccasin River, where the enemys cavalry was found posted on the opposite side of the swamp. They were soon driven oft; with no casualties, and owing to the cause- way being flooded by the recent rains only a portion of the command was able to get across the stream. The brigade went into camp about l2p. in Page 139 CHAP. LIX.J THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 139 April 11.Moved at 5.30 a. m. and marched to Smithfield, N. C., and went into camp at 5 p. m. April 12.Moved at 9 a. in., crossing the Neuse River by pontoon bridge, taking the Elevation and Leachburg road toward Raleigh, N. C.; marched to the north side of Swift Creek, going into camp about 6p. in. April 13.Moved at 6 a. in.; marched to Raleigh, N. C., the place having been evacuated and possession taken of the place by Kilpatricks cavalry early in the morning. We arrived at 1 p. in., and went into camp on the south side of the town, remaining in this camp until 9 a. m. of April 25, when we moved to Jones Cross-Roads; distance, thirteen miles southwest of Raleigh, N. C. Remained at this place until 4.30 a. in. of the 28th, when the brigade retraced its steps to Raleigh, where it remained until the morning of the 30th. April 30.In accordance with orders received, and the armies of the rebellion having been broken up and scattered, it commenced its home. ward march toward Washington; encamped for the night at Manteos Mills, on the Neuse River. May 1.En route for Washington, D. C., via Richmond, Va. Moved at 5 a. m. and marched twenty-three miles; encamped for the night three miles north of Tar River. May 2.Moved at 5 a. m. and marched to within two miles of Will- iamsborough, N. C., going into camp at 4 p. in. May 3.Moved at 4.30 a. in.; passed through Williamsborough and Townsville, on Roanoke Valley Railroad; crossed the State line between Virginia and North Carolina at 11.30 a. in.; went into camp for the night one mile north of it in Virginia. May 4.Moved at 6 a. in.; crossed the Roanoke River at Taylors Ferry by pontoon bridge (thirty-three boats in length); crossed the Boydton plank road at Allens Creek; encamped for the night near South Hill at 6 p. in. May 5.Moved at 5.30 a. in.; crossed the Meherrin River at Saffords Bridge, striking the plank road at Hawkes Bridge, at Blacks and Whites Station, at Hedge Grove, moving along to the last-named sta- tion; went into camp for the night five miles south of Nottoway River. May 6.Moved at 6 a. in.; crossed the Nottoway River and Little Nottoway River, taking the Lynchburg and Petersburg Railroad at Blacks and Whites Station. Moved parallel to it to Wellville, where the brigade went into camp for the night. May 7.Moved at 6 a. in. in the direction of Kidds Mills on the Appoinattox River, where we arrived at 6 p. in.; crossing it immedi- ately on a pontoon bridge, went into camp about one mile north of it for the night. May 8.Moved at 6 a. in., passing the Clover Hill mining regions; marched to the east side of Falling Creek, going into camp by 7 p. in. May 9.Changed camp to a more eligible position, about a mile and a half east of last nights camp and about five miles west of Manchester. Va. We lay in this camp until the morning of the 11th instant at 10 a. in., when the brigade broke camp, passing through Manchester over the pontoon bridge and directly through the city of Richmond, coming out the Hanover Court-House pike and going into camp for the night near Brook Creek. May 12.Moved at 6 a. in. and marched to Ashland Station, on the Fredericksburg railroad, getting into camp by 6 p. in. May 13.Moved at 5 a. in., crossing South Anna and New Found Rivers; also Little River; encamped for the night abont one mile north of the last-named stream Page 140 140 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. May 14.Moved at 5 a. in., crossing the North Anna River at Ander- soi~s Bridge; also the Mat River; passing Chulesburg, went into camp near the Ta River. May 15.Moved at 5 a. in. across the Ta, Po, and Ny Rivers; passed through Spotsylvania and Chancellorsville; went into camp for the night on the north side of the Rappahannock River. May 16.Moved at 4.30 a in.; marched to llartwood Church; thence by the Catletts Station road to the headwaters of Elk Creek, where we went into camp for the night. May 17.Moved at 5 a. in.; marched to Brentsville, where we went into camp at 12 m. for the remainder of the day. May 18.Moved at 9 a. in.; crossed Bull Ran and marched to Fair- fax Station, on Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting into camp by 8 p. m. May 19.Moved at 9 a. in., crossing the Orange and Alexandria Rail- road at Fairfax Station, taking a road across the country to the Alex- andria pike, striking it at the Eleven-Mile Post; marched to Clouds Mills, four miles west of Alexandria, and went into camp by 5 p. m. Remained in this camp until the morning of May 24, at 4 [oclock;] taking the direct road to Long Bridge, over the Potomac River, crossed into Washington, passed in review up Pennsylvania Avenue, [and] were reviewed by the President, General Grant, & c.,in front of the Presi- dents House, after which the brigade moved to the camp one mile west of Bladensbnrg, Md., where it remains at the present time [May 31]. Second Brigade, Second Division. [April.]The One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers was consolidated with the One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, and assigned to Third Brigade, Second Division, Twentieth Corps, per Special Orders, No. 39, headquarters Twentieth Corps, March 31. Third Brigade, Second Division. [January.]The brigade was engaged in doing provost duty in the city of Savannah, Ga., until the 19th instant, when it was relieved by troops commanded by Maj. Gen. C. Grover. The brigade remained in the city pcrforming only camp duties until the 27th instant, when it marched to Sisters Ferry, Ga., arriving on the evening of the 29th; went into bivouac, where the command still [January 31] lies. February 4.The brigade, with the division, marched from Sisters Ferry. February 8.Crossed the Salkehatchie River. February 10.Joined the rest of the corps at Blackville. February 18.Crossed the Saluda River. February 20.Crossed the Broad River. February 21.Arrived at Winnsborough; tore up the railroad. That and the next day the brigade tore up about four miles and a half of rail- road. February 28.Crossed Little Lynchs Creek and encamped. [llliarch.]The brigade, in connection with the division, marched from near Hanging Rock,via Chesterfield, Cheraw, and Fayetteville, to Golds- borough, N. C., arriving on the 24th and going intO camp on the north side of and about two miles from town. During the march the brigade was almost constantly with the wagon train building corduroy road Page 141 Ca~. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 141 and helping the wagons through bad places. The men were perform- ing hard manual labor nearly all the while. Since arriving at this place comfortable quarters have been built. Clothing and necessary supplies are being forwarded and issued as fast as possible. Service hours have been established; drills and the usual routine of camp duties are being performed. [April.]The brigade remained near Goldsborough, N. C., until the 10th. April 10.It broke camp and marched to Moccasin Creek, on the road to Smithfield. April 11.Marched to Smithfield. April 12.Marched to Swift Creek. April 13.Entered Raleigh; remained at or near Raleigh until the 30th. April 30.It started for Richmond, Va., encamping at night near the Neuse River, thirteen miles northwest of Raleigh. May 1.The brigade moved from its bivouac on the Neuse River at 5.30 a. in., continning its march toward Richmond via Williamsboroagh, N. C., Wellville, Va., crossing the Appomattox River near Bevills Bridge, and arriving in the vicinity of Manchester and Richmond, marching, via Ashland, Spotsylvania, Chancellorsville, United States Ford, and Brentsville, to Alexandria. May 19.Encamped near the latter place; remained in camp near Alexandria until 5 a. m. May 24, when the command moved to Wash- ington, participating in the grand review and encamping three miles from Washington on the Bladensburg road, where it still [May 31] remains. Jane 1.The brigade was encamped near Washington, D. C. The Sixtieth and One hundred and second New York Volunteers and Twenty-ninth and One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers were transferred to Department of Washington per Special Orders, No. 294, May 29, War Department, Adjutant-Generals Office. June 10.The One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Volunteers were mustered out. June 12.The One hundred and forty-ninth New York Volunteers and brigade band were mustered out. Third Division. January 17.The division moved up to ilardeeville and one brigade (the Second) pushed forward and occupied a landing on the Savannah River, called Purysburg. Here the First Division of the corps joined us. January 29.Moved forward to Robertsville. February 2.From thence moved upon the campaign through the States of South Carolina and North Carolina, together with the First Division of the corps (with the exception of being detached and moving west on the Charleston and Augusta Railroad, destroying it as far as White Pond), engaging in several skirmishes and in the two battles, one near Averasborough, N. C., and the other at Bentonville, N. C. March 1.Moved from camp on Lynchs Creek, S. C., for Fayetteville, N. C., via Chesterfield, S. C., Sneedsborough, N. C., and Cheraw, S. C., reaching there on the 11th. March 13.Crossed Cape Fear River; halted two days; moved toward Averasborough, N. C. March 16.Slight engagement near Taylors Hole Creek. The divis- ion drove the enemy from one line of works, taking 3 guns and some 150 prisoners; loss small Page 142 142 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. ~CEAP. LIX~ March 19.Met enemy; sharp engagement near Bentonville, N. C.; one brigade engaged of this division in line of Fourteenth Corps; its loss quite heavy. March 22.Withdrew from position and marched toward Goldsbor ongh. March 24.Reached that place. Encamped two miles north of the town, where division is at this date [March 31]. April 10.Again started on the campaign ending with the war at Raleigh, N. C. From thence the division marched on their homeward journey, passing through Richmond, Va., and Washington, D. C., at which last place the following regiments were mustered out of service: One hundred and second, One hundred and fifth, One hundred and twenty-ninth Illinois; Seventieth and Eighty-fifth Indiana; Seventy- ninth Ohio; Nineteenth Michigan; Thirty-third Massachusetts; Twen- ty-second and Twenty-sixth Wisconsin; Twentieth Connecticut, and One hundred and thirty-sixth New York, the Thirty-third Indiana, Fifty-fifth and Seventy-third Ohio Veteran Regiments being transferred to Fourteenth Army Corps. The last regiment mustered out [was] the One hundred and thirty-sixth New York, closing the records of this division June 14. Second Brigade, Third Division. January 1.Crossed the Savannah River; made the campaign with Sherman throngh the Carolinas, participating actively in the battle of Averasborough March 16, and Bentonville, N. C., March 19. March 24.Reached Goldsborough. April 10.Moved toward Raleigh. At Raleigh Colonel Dustin received appointment as brevet brigadier-general, to date from March 16, the date of the battle of Averasborongh. April 30.The brigade started on its homeward march. May 8.Reached Richmond. May 12.The march was resumed, arriving in Alexandria on the 19th. May 24.The brigade participated in the grand review in Washing- ton, moving immediately after to the vicinity of Fort Lincoln, on Bla- densbnrg pike, where it made its last encampment. Here the Thirty- third Indiana Veteran Volunteers was transferred to the Fourteenth Army Corps, and the other regiments of the brigade mustered out as follows: Nineteenth Michigan, June 10, Eighty-fifth Indiana and Twenty-second Wisconsin, June 12. Third Brigade, Third Division. January 1.This brigade, part of General Shermans Army of Georgia, was encamped one mile on the northwest of Savannah, Ga. January 2.Broke camp and crossed Savannah River on transport Planter. Landed at Cheves Landing, S. C.; marched inland about six miles, and encamped on ilardees farm. January 16.Col. Samuel Ross, Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers, commanding brigade, having received a leave of absence, Bvt. Brig. Gen. William Cogswell, pursuant to orders from headquarters Twen- tieth Corps, assumed command of this brigade. January 17.Moved from ilardees farm to ilardeeville, a distance of eight miles. Brigade received supplies from the landing at Purys- burg Page 143 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 143 January 29.Marched from Hardeeville on the Robertsville road. January 30.Reached Robertsvifle, S. C., and moved from there to Maner plantation, three miles from the town, where the brigade is in camp on the last day of the month. February 2.This brigade of the Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps, Army of Georgia, left Robertsvile, S. C.; marched northeast to Lawtonville. Here the Third Division met a small force of the enemy. This brigade was formed; advanced in line of battle to within a short distance of the town, where it was withdrawn and ordered into camp, the enemy having been driven from the place. February 3.Crossed the Salkehatchie at Bufords Bridge. February 7.Struck the Augusta and Charleston Railroad near Gra- hams Station. February 8.Destroyed one mile and a half of this railroad at Gra- hams and burnt 360 bales of cotton. February 9.Moved a mile beyond Blackville Station, ten miles west of Grahams, and destroyed one mile and four-fifths of railroad. February 10.Moved to White Pond Station; destroyed two miles and a half of railroad track. Every tie was burned and every rail twisted, making the destruction complete. February 11.Marched northwest; crossed the South Edisto River at Guignards Bridge. February 12.Marched northeast; crossed the North Edisto at Jones Bridge. February 14 and 15.Marched north. February 16.Marched on the Columbia road to within two miles of Columbia. February 17.Moved northwest up the Saluda River to Mount Zion Church. February 18.Crossed the Saluda River at Mount Zion Church. February 20.Crossed the Broad River; marched northeast on the Winusborough road. February 21.Marched through Winusborough. February 23.Crossed the Wateree River. February 25.The division did not move camp. This brigade cordu- royed the road from camp to Russells Cross-Roads, a distance of three miles and a half. February 2G.Marched from Russells Cross-Roads to Hanging Rock. February 27 and 28.Marched on the Chesterfield road northeast. [March jThis brigade of the Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps, Left Wing, Army of Georgia, was during the month engaged in the campaign from Savannah, Ga., to Goldsborough, N. C. March 1.Crossed Lynchs Creek, S. C. March 2 and 3.Marched all day, and at 4 p. m. on the 3d reached Chesterfield Court-House. March 4.Marched to Gradys farm, near Sneedsborough, N. C. March 6.Marched to Cheraw, S. C. March 7.lu the morning crossed Great Pedee River at that place. March 8, 9, and 10.Marched in the direction of Fayetteville, N. C., over bad roads. March 11.Reached Fayetteville, where the brigade remained until 1 p. m. of the 13th, when it crossed the Cape Fear Riv~r and encamped four miles from the bank. March 14.The remainder of the division remaining in the camp, this brigade made a reconnaissance on the Fayetteville and Raleigh road and on the Goldsborough road. Three regiments, commanded b Page 144 144 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CH~. LIX. Lieutenant-Colonel Buckiugham, Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers, marched to Silver Run Creek, on the Fayetteville and Raleigh road, and four on the Goldsborough road to Black River. Both columns met the enemy and skirmished some time. Loss, 1 commissioned officer and 2 enlisted men wounded, 1 enlisted man mortally wouiided and missing. Returned to the division at night. March 15.Marched at 6.30 a. m. and encamped at 5 p. m. March16.Moved to Taylors Hole Creek. One mile beyond here the brigade relieved the Second Brigade, First Division, of this corps, who were in line of battle and had been engaged. This brigade was engaged nine hours. Loss: Commissioned officers killed, 5; enlisted men killed, 12; enlisted men wounded, 85. March 17.The enemy having retired during the night moved to Averasborough. March 18.Marched all day and all night until 5 a.m. on the 19th, when the command bivouacked until 9.30 a. in., when it was pushed for- ward to where the Fourteenth Corps was engaged with the enemy. This brigade was put into a gap in the line of the Fourteenth Corps, where it was engaged from 1 p. in. until late at night. March 20.Withdrew from the line of the Fourteenth Army Corps and placed on the extreme left flank. Remained here fortifying until 2 p. m. of the 21st, when the brigade was placed in reserve in rear of the Twentieth Corps line. March 22.Marched toward Goldsborough. March 23.Crossed the Neuse River after marching ten miles. March 24.Marched to Goldsborough, N. C.; passed through the town and encamped two miles and a half north, where the brigade was in camp on the 31st. April 1.This command was in camp at Goldsborough, N. C., drills, parades, & c., having been resumed. The troops were being newly clothed, & c., preparatory to another active campaign. April 10.At 5.30 a. m. the command broke camp arid moved through Goldsborongh, N. C., on the Goldsborough and Raleigh road, eleven miles. April 11.Marched fourteen miles, continuing on this road. April 12.Marched seventeen miles, crossing the Neuse River at Smithfield, N. C. April 13.Marched seventeen miles, reaching Raleigh at 4.30 p. in., where the command was encamped and remained until the 22d. The command was reviewed in Raleigh by Major-General Sherman. April 25.Again broke camp; moved on the Avens Ferry road to Jones Cross-Roads; thirteen miles. April26 and 27.Remained in bivouac at Jones Cross-Roads. April 28.Returned to Raleigh and to the camp formerly occupied by the brigade. April 30.Broke camp at 7.30 a. m. and took up the line of march for Washington, D. C. May 1.This brigade, of the Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps (General Shermans command), was marching north toward Wash. ington. This day the command crossed the Neuse River. May 2.Marched sixteen miles. May 3.Cros~ed the Roanoke River marched twenty-two niiles. May 4.Marched nineteen miles. May 5.Marched nineteen miles. May 6.Marched sixteen miles. May 7.Crossed the Appomattox, marching sixteen miles Page 145 CHAP. lAX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 145 Miay 8.Marclied thirteen miles. May 9.Moved two miles, encamping near Manchester. Here the command remained until the 11th instant. May 11.It moved through Manchester and Richmond, marching ten miles. ilfay 12.Crossed the Chickahominy. May 13.Crossed the South Anna and North Anita Rivers, marching eighteen milts, passing through Ashland. May 14.Marched nineteen miles. May 15.Crossed the Mattapony River; passed through Spotsyl- vania Court-House, marching to the battle-field of Chancellorsville, where the command was encamped until the morning of the 16th. May 1G.It crossed the Rappahannock River, marching twenty-two miles. May 17.Marched to Brentsville; seventeen miles. May 18.Marched twenty miles to Fairfax Station. May 19.Moved toward Alexandria nine miles, and encamped four miles from this place until the 24th instant. Biay 24.Passed through the city of Washington in review before the President and Generals Grant and Sherman. Moved to near Fort Lincoln, ID. C., where the command was encamped in pine woodland, occupying the time in preparing muster-out rolls, & c., preparatory to muster out of service. June 4.The Fifty-fifth and Seventy-third Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry were transferred to the Fourteenth Army Corps by Special Orders, No. 84, headquarters Army of Georgia, dated near Washing- ton, D. C. June 10.----The Thirty-third Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was mustered out of service as an organization. Those of the regiment who were not entitled to be mustered out were transferred to the Second Massachusetts Veteran Volunteers. The Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Volunteers, those of the regiment who were not entitled to be mustered out being transferred to the Third Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer Infantry. The One hundred and thirty-sixth New York Volunteer Infantry, those iiien not entitled to be mustered out being transferred to the Sixtieth New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry. The Twentieth Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, and those of this regiment not entitled to mustei~ out being transferred to the Fifth Con- necticut Veteran Volunteer Infantry. THIRD CA VALRY DJVISION.~ [January.]After the downfall of Sasannah and its occupation by our troops our command remained in camp iiear Savannah until the 28th, when command moved on road leading to Sisters Ferry; marched nine miles and encamped. January 29.Moved at 7 a. in.; marched fifteeu miles and encamped near Springfield. January 30.Moved at 7 a in.; marched twenty miles and went into camp. February 1.In camp at Sisters Ferry, Ga., awaiting the completion of pontoon bridge over the Savannah. February 3.Crossed and moved to Robertsville; thence through Lawtonville and Allendale to the Salkehatchie, where we drove a bri- Commanded by Byt. Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick. 10 R KVOL XLVII, PT Page 146 146 OPERATIONS iN N. 0., S. 0., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. gade of Wheelers cavalry from position upon the opposite side and entered Barnwell, which, in spite of every effort of the general corn- mauding to prevent it, was laid in ashes. February 7.Struck the Charleston and Augusta Railroad at Black- yule, from which place the command moved up the railroad toward Augusta slowly, and destroying track reached Johnsons Turnout on the 10th. On the following day the Second Brigade (General Atkins) moved out toward Aiken; met Wheelers cavalry corps; was repulsed and driven back within the barricade at Johnsons, where the enemy were in turn repulsed, and after several ineffectual attempts to carry our works drew off with considerable loss. From Johnsons the command moved rapidly toward Columbia. February 17.Crossed Saluda River. February 19.Crossed Broad River and reached Lancaster on the 23d, where the command remained two days. February 28.Moved seven miles east of the town and encamped for the night. March 1.In camp seven miles east of Lancaster. March 2.Moved across Lynchs Creek to Blakenys Cross-Roads; thence through Hornsborough to within ten miles of Wadesborough, N. C. Scouts after severe fighting entered the town. March 6.Reached and crossed the Pedee and moved to Rockiugham, N. C. March 9.In the evening encamped with one brigade at Monroes Cross-Roads, where the command was surprised the next morning by an attack from Hamptons entire cavalry. For a few moments every- thing was swept before them but the men soon rallied, and in the hand-to-hand encounter which followed not only retook their camp, but caused hampton to withdraw with heavy loss. March 11.Went into camp three miles from Fayetteville, wherewe remained three days. March 15.Crossed the Neuse at Fayetteville and moved up the river with more or less fighting every day. March 26.Reached Mount Olive and went into camp. April 1.In camp at Mount Olive, N. C. Remained until the 10th, when it broke camp and moved up the river under orders from General Sherman. April 12.Struck the enemys cavalry and the railroad. April 13.Received the surrender and entered Raleigh, and moved out to Morrisville, fighting Wheelers cavalry continuously. Reached Durhams Station, and encamped with one brigade at Chapel Hill for the rest of the month. rJune.]The command for the month of June has been disposed as follows: The Third Brigade at Raleigh, First Brigade at Lexington with division headquarters, and Second Brigade at Concord. Scouting parties have been sent into all adjoining counties, home guards and local police forces organized an protected. , d the civil authority established and First Brigade, Third Garatry Division. February LThe brigade was encamped at Sisters Ferry, Ga., where we lay until the 3d. February 3.Crossed the Savannah River into South Carolina on pontoon bridge. From this by daily marches we passed through Robertsville, Allendale, Lawtonville, Baruwell, and Blackville, striking the railroad leading from Charleston to Augusta, at the latter place Page 147 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 147 driving Hagans brigade of rebel cavalry from the town. We continued our march along the railroad in the direction of Augusta, skirmishing all the way. February 10.Reached Johnsons Station. Here a very severe battle was fonght. We remained at this point until the 13th. February 13.We moved to Gunters Bridge, on the North Edisto River, where our passage was disputed by the enemy, but they were driven off. February 16.Passed through Lexington, S. C.; moved toward the Saluda River, which we crossed on the night of the 17th. February 22.Struck the Columbia and Charleston Railroad. February 25.Reached Lancaster, S. C., where we remained during the remainder of the mouth. March 1.The brigade was encamped at Taylors Cross-1-~oads, in Lancaster District, S. C. March 2.Took up line of march. Continued day after day, with no fighting of importance until on the morning of the 4th had severe skirmishing north of Chesterfield Court-House, which was continued until we reached the Pedee River, which we crossed on the pontoon bridges of our infantry. We then moved up the river and ,passed through Rockingham toward Fayettevilie, fighting continually until we reached that place (March 12), and found the enemy had evacuated. After resting until March 15, moved toward Raleigh, 2N. C., in advance of the infantry. ]llarch 16.Fought the battle of Averasborough. March 19.Fought the battle of Bentonville, then moved on to Miount Olive, on the Goldsborough and Wilmington Railroad, where we arrived on the 24th, remaining here during the month in camp. April 1.The brigade lay in camp at Mount Olive, N. C.; the details from it very heavy all the time. Nothing out of the regular routine occurred until April 10, when we broke camp and started on a new campaign. Participated in all the engagements of the cavalry com- mand. April 13.Took Raleigh and moved on north to Morrisville Station, fighting all the time. April 14.Moved about six miles on the railroad. Ordered to stop; Johnston had communication with General Sherman, asking terms of surrender. April 15.Moved again to Durham Station, where we were ordered to remain until the truce between the armies had expired. April 17.Received the melancholy news of the assassination of our noble Chief Magistrate. The army mourns. Nothing but meetings between the commanding generals of the Federal and rebel armies occured until the 24th, when we were ordered to resume hostilities. April 25.Another meeting occurred which settled the matter. Our command remained at Durham Station during the month. [May.]The brigade lay at Durham Station, N. C., until the 4th, when we broke camp and marched for Greensborough, N. C. May 7.Reached Greensborough; remained there until May 9, when we broke camp and marched for Lexington, where we arrived on the 11th, where we have remained ever since. & cond Brigade, Third Cavalry Division. [FebraaryjDuring the entire month the brigade was engaged in the recent campaign of the Carolinas. With the exception of one or two cavalry engagements with Wheeler our column moved principall Page 148 148 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX. upon the flanks of the main infantry column, guarding and protecting the trains from any sudden dash upon them by the enemy. During the month we marched upward of 400 miles, destroyed a vast amount of propertycotton, cotton-gins, railroad track, and manufacturing establishments of every kind, besides subsisting both men and animals upon the country. [March.]During the month we participated in the campaign through the Carolinas. March 4.We engaged the enemy near Wadesborough, he attack- ing us lightly, no casualties occurring. We then saw no more of the enemy until the 16th, at Black Creek, near Averasborough, where we engaged him, driving him until dark, when we went into position, forti- fying. Lively skirmishing continued during the night until we were relieved by one brigade of infantry from Twentieth Corps. March 19.Again went into position near Bentonville, barricading, where we remained until the 22d, when, relieving the skirmish line of the Twentieth Corps with Ninety-second Illinois, and finding no enemy in front, we moved to Mount Olive, going into camp, where we remained until April 10. April 10.The command moved from Mount Olive. April 12.After severe skirmishing with the enemy struck the rail- road sixteen miles east of Raleigh. April 13.Entered Raleigh, which was formally surrendered to Gen- eral Kilpatrick by the civil authorities. Passing through the city the march was continued to Morrisville, twelve miles west of Raleigh, where we went into camp for the night. April 14.Marched five miles, skirmishing constantly with the enemy, when we halted and encamped. These were the last hostile shots fired by the brigade. April 17.The command moved to Chapel Hill, where it now remains (April 30). May 2.Left Chapel Hill en route for Concord, N. C., leaving one company of the Tenth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry to guard the town. May 3.Marched from llillsborough to Companys Shops. May 5.Reached Greensborough, where we remained until the morn- ing of the 11th, when we started for Lexington. May 13.The Tenth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry was om-dered to Salem, N. C., and there remain until further orders. May 14.Left Lexington and arrived at Concord the 16th, where the command now [May 31] remains. May 26.A detachment from the Ninth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, con- sisting of two commissioned officers and sixty-two enlisted men, left Concord for Chesterville, S. C., to guard that section of the country. May 29.One hundred men from the Ninth Michigan Cavalry started for Transylvania and Henderson Counties to protect the people from guerrilla parties and to organize home guards. CENTER (ARMY OF THE OH1O).~ March 8.Uphams brigade surprised and captured near West Creek, N. C. March 10.Battle of Kinston; enemy repulsed. March 21.Occupied Goldsborongh, N. C., with slight opposition. March 23 and 24.Formed junction with forces of Major-General Sherman at Goldsborough. *Or Department of North Carolina, commanded by Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield Page 149 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 149 March 15.Provisional Army Corps left Wilmington and marched up the line of the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, forming a junction with General Shermans forces and the Twenty-third Corps on the 24th. PROVISIONAL ARMY CORPS. [February.]The command was encamped on Federal Point, N. C. February 11.Reconnaissance in force drove in the skirmish line of the enemy, and ascertained that three brigades of ilokes division were intrenched in a strong position at Sugar Loaf Hill. February 17.The Second Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps, Bvt. Maj. Gen. A. Ames commanding, crossed the Cape Fear River from Federal Point to Smithville, N. C., and participated in the flank move- ment which caused the evacuation of Fort Anderson, recrossing the river and rejoining the command on the 20th instant. February 22.Deserters having brought in the information that Hoke had evacuated his line at Sugar Loaf Hill, the command advanced and entered Wilmington, passing through the city and overtaking the enemys rear guard at Smiths Creek, one mile beyond the city, and by a vigorous pursuit drove them across the bridges at Smiths Creek and Northeast River, ten miles from Wilmington, saving the bridges at both points despite the attempts of the enemy to destroy them. It being impossible to continue the pursuit beyond the Northeast Station for want of transportation for supplies the command remained at that point for the rest of the month. [March.IThe corps remained in camp until the 15th, at which date, in pursuance to instructions from Major-General Sherman, the command marched for Faisons Depot, on the Weldon railroad, sixty miles north of Wilmington, leaving the Second Brigade, First Division, Twenty.fourtli Army Corps, to garrison that city and the forts at the mouth of Cape Fear River. March 15.Marched from Wilmington to Northeast River; ten miles. March 16. Marched from Northeast River to Burgaw Creek; fifteen miles. March 17.Marched from Burgaw Creek to South Washington; ten miles. March 18.Marched from South Washington to Island Creek; miles. March 19.Marched from Island Creek through Kenansville; twenty miles. March 20.Marched from Kenansville through Mount Olive to Thunner Swamp; twenty-two miles. March 21.Marched from Thnnder Swamp to Coxs Bridge; eight miles. On the night of the 21st, Coxs Bridge having been birned, a pontoon bridge was thrown across the Neuse, by which the Second Brigade, Third Division, Twenty-fifth Army Corps, immediately crossed and intrenched themselves on the north bank of the river. March 22.The First Brigade, of the same division, with Light Com- pany E, Third U. S. Artillery, also crossed the Nense and intrenched nuder the immediate supervision of Brig. Gen. C. J. Paine, command- ing division. March 23.The pickets of the Third Division were driven in by a recoilnaissance of the enemy, who were in turn driven back from the main line. Commanded by Maj. (lea. Alfred H. Terry Page 150 150 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LTX. March 24.By order of Major-General Schofield that portion of the command on the north side of the Neuse crossed to the south bank and eiicamped for the night. March 25.The command marched to Faisons Station, on the Weldon railroad (sixteen miles), and remained at that point during the remainder of the month, the Third Brigade, Second Division, Twenty fourth Army Corps, and the First U. S. Colored Troops, of the Third I)ivision, Twenty-fifth Army Corps, garrisoning the railroad between Faisons Station and Northeast River. Second Brigade, First Division, Twenty-fourth Army Gorps. February 1 to 11.-We were camped near Flag Pond Battery, Fed- eral Point, N. C., strengthening our line of works and doing picket duty. February 11.Made a reconnaissance of the enemys line of works; captured a strong line of works and sixty-five of the enemy. We here established our picket-line about 400 yards from the enemys main work. February 19.Having received information from deserters that the enemy had evacuated their works in our front, we were ordered to advance in heavy marching order. Advanced on the enemy and took their line of works about daylight, capturing some few prisoners. Fol- lowed the enemy about seven miles on the Myrtle Sound road, when we threw up breast-works and bivouacked t~r the night. February 20.Marched eight milesthree miles on the Myrtle Sound; then took for two miles; then up telegraph road for two miles and bivouacked for the night. February 21.Advanced about half a mile; took position on right of road behind breast-works previously thrown up by Genera] Ames division; light skirmishing through the day; enemy threw a few shells. February 22.Advanced about 10 a in.; found the enemys works in our front evacuated; passed through the line of works in front of Wil- mington about 12 in.; passed through the city and overtook the enemys rear guard at Smiths Creek, about one mile from Wilmington, where they were endeavoring to destroy the bridge; drove them from the bridge, extinguished the fire and repaired it; followed them; overtook their rear guard about two miles from Northeast Ferry; drove them across ferry, capturing the pontoon bridge; kept up a sharp fire during the night to keep them from retaking it. During the night threw up a line of pits. Remained at Northeast Ferry until March 1, during which time received some 10,000 paroled prisoners from the enemy. [Mar~h.]During the month four regiments of the brigade have been station~d at Wilmington, . C.; the Sixteenth New York H~mavy Artil- lery stationed at Fort Fisher, Fort Caswell, and Smithville; the Sixth and Seventh Connecticut Volunteers and Third and Seventh New Hampshire Volunteers perform the guard duty in and about the city and furnish a guard of 150 men for Brunswick County and 100 men at Northeast Ferry. During the month there have been received at the post several thousand white and colored refugees from North and South Carolina. Nearly all of the colored have been sent to Fort Anderson, Fort Fisher, and Smithville to work abandoned plantations. A large portion of the whites have been sent North. The brigade is in as healthy condition as it has be~n at any time during the past year Page 151 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 151 Second Division, Twen ky-fourth Army Corps. February 17.This division received marching orders. February 18.Embarked on transports at Federal Point; sailed to Smitliville; marched up the south side of Cape Fear River to Fort Anderson, where the division recrossed the river to the north side. February 22.Entered Wilmington, N. C. Since then it has been (loing garrison duty in and around Wilmington. March 1 to 15.This division was doing garrison duty at Wilming- ton, N. C. March 15.Marching orders were received. The division left Wil- mington at 1 p. m. same day. March 22.Formed a junction with Maj. Gen. W. T. Shermans army at Coxs Bridge, about eighty miles~ from Wilmington, where it remained until the 26th. March 26.It came to its present position, Faisons Station, N. C., on the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad. First Brigade, Second Division. March 15.This command left Wilmington, N. C., and after a seven daysmarchreachedCoxs Bridge, on the Neuse River, where it remained three days. March 25.The brigade marched to Faisons Station; on the Wil- mington and Weldon Railroad, where it is now [March 31] in camp. Second Brigade, Second Division. Owing to the want of blanks, and in the absence of all company and regimental records, the monthly return for January was not made out nutil March 8. February 11...Ju the morning the brigade left camp at Federal Point, N. C., in heavy marching order, and moved np the military road to within a few hundred yards of the enemys works near Sugar Loaf Bat- tery, one regiment of the brigade being deployed as skirmishers, where it remained until the afternoon of the 12th, when the brigade was ordered back and bivouacked in the woods about one mile from the enemys works. February 14.In the evening moved np the beach about six miles and then countermarched and returned to camp, where it remained until the night of the 17th, when it moved in heavy marching order and crossed the river to Smithville. Remained there until about 3 p. m. on the 18th, when it moved to the front in the direction of Fort Anderson, arriving there on the afternoon of the 19th and recrossed the river at dusk. February 21.In the morning the brigade was sent out with the First Brigade on a reconnaissance to the left and near the Cape Fear River to ascertain the enemys position, where we found them strongly intrenched, and one regiment (the Forty-eighth New York Volunteers) had a sharp skirmish. At night we marched back to the position occu- pied by us in the morning. February 22.The enemy having evacuated their works marched into Wilmington, and during the afternoon moved on to Northeast Sta- tion, where we encamped and remained during the month. The monthly report for Feornary left this brigade encamped near Wilmington, N. C., where it remained until March 15, when, at ip. in., the brigade broke camp; was formed in line and marched to Northeast Station, where it bivouacked for the night Page 152 152 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. March 16.Reveille was sounded at 5.30 a. in., and the brigade was formed in line at 7 oclock and marched to Rocky Creek, where it halted for the night. March 17.Took up the line of march at 6 a. in.; halted at 12 m. at South Washington, where it remained until 11 a. in. on the morning of the 18th, when we again took up the line of march; halted at dark and bivouacked in the woods. March 19.At 6 a. m. the march was resumed and continued until dark, when we halted for the night. March 20.Began the march at 6 a. in.; halted at 3 p. m. at Coxs Creek, where it remained until the morning of the 24th, when it moved back to Faisons Station, on the railroad, where it remains at the time of forwarding this report. Third Brigade, & cond Division. February 11.The brigade broke camp at Fort Fisher, N. C., and marched about five miles to the front. February 14.At night marched in advance on an expedition abont eight miles on the beach toward Masonborough Inlet with pontoon train, returning next morning. February 17.In the morning marched to Federal Point and embarked on steamer for Smithville; same afternoon marched on Fort Anderson. February 19.Arrived there in the evening. February 20.Again embarked on steamer and sailed up Cape Fear River about five miles, landing on the opposite shore in the morning, and marched the remainder of the day toward Wilmington. February 22.Marched throngh Wilmington, N. C., and came up with the enemys rear guard at dark at Northeast Station, N. C., about ten miles beyond the city. Remained here the remainder of the month doing picket and the usual routiiie of camp dnties. March 15.The brigade broke camp near Wilmington, N. C., and marched to Coxs Bridge, N. C. March 21.Reached that point. March 25.Renewed the march in the morning and arrived at Faisons Station. N. C., on the evening of the same day. March 27.Renewed the march in the morning. March 28.Arrived at Magnolia, N. C., in the evening. Since that time the brigade has been engaged in guarding the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad from Northeast Station, N. C., to Magnolia, and the usual routine of camp duties. TENTH ARMY CORPS.* April 1 to 10.The First Division was encamped at New Berne, N. C., and the Second and Third Divisions were encamped at Faisons Station, N. C. April 10.The headquarters First Division and Third Brigade pro- ceeded to Goldsborongh, N. C., by rail, and Brevet Major-General Birge assumed command of the post. The First Brigade remained at Morehead City and the Second Brigade at Wilmington. The Second and Third Divisions broke camp at Faisons Station on the 10th and marched to Raleigh without opposition. April 15.Arrived there and encamped, and the Second Division remained until the end of the month. The Third Division remained in Commanded by Maj. Gen. Alfred H. Terry Page 153 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 153 Raleigh until the 29th, when they received orders to relieve General Birge, at Goldsborough, and marched for that place on the 29th. April 27.The First and Third Brigades, First Division, under com- mand of Bvt. Maj. Gen. II. W. Birge, U. S. Volunteers, were ordered to Savannah, Ga. The Second Brigade, First Division, has been encamped in and around the city of Wilmington, N. C., performing picket, railroad, and garrison duty from Fort Fisher to Magnolia, N. C. Part of the command has occupied Forts Caswell and Anderson and Smiths Island, month of Cape Fear River. The Second Division has been performing garrison duty in and about Raleigh, N. C., during the past month. May 1.The Third Division broke camp near the Keuse River and marched to Goldsborough, N. C., where it has since been performing garrison duty. First Division. May 3.The headquarters of the division, with the First and Second Brigades, concentrated at Morehead City and proceeded by sea to Savannah, Ga. The First Brigade forms part of the garrison of the city of Augusta, Ga., and the Third Brigade part of the garrison of Savannah. The Second Brigade probably remains at Wilmington, N. C. Second Brigade, First Division. [April.]During the month the brigade has performed the guard duty of the city of Wilmington, garrison duty of Forts Fisher, Cas- well, Anderson, and other defenses of the Cape Fear River; also picketed the railroad between Magnolia and the city of Wilmington. Nothing aside from the general routine of post duty has transpired. [lllay.]Since the 1st have been encamped in and around the city of Wilmington, performing picket, railroad, and garrison duty from Fort Fisher to Magnolia, N. C. Part of the command has occupied Forts Caswell and Anderson and Smiths Island, mouth of Cape Fear River. [June.]During the present month has been performing garrison duty at Goldsborough, N. C. ,Seeond Division. [April.] This division has been doing garrison duty in and around Raleigh, IN. C., during the past month. ~May.]During present month has been performing garrison duty in and around Raleigh, N. C. Second Brigade, Second Division. The monthly report for March left the brigade encamped at Faisons Depot, where it remained until April 10. April 10.At 6 a. m. the brigade was formed in line in rear of the First Brigade and marched until 5 p. in., when it was halted and biv- ouacked in a field for the night. April 11.Took up the line of march in the morning at 6 oclock and moved forward to Bentonville, which was reached at 11 a. in.; were detained until 3 p. m. to build a bridge, at which time it again moved forward; halted at sunset for the night Page 154 154 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. April 12.This brigade, acting as guard for the wagon train, did not march until dark, when it moved forward to Black Creek, which was reached at 1 a. m. of the 13th. April 14.Marched at 6 a. m. and halted for the night about nine miles from the city of Raleigh. April 15.The march was resumed at daylight and halted at the outskirts of the city, where it remains at the time [ApriL 30] of for- warding this report. Third Brigade, second Division. April 9.This brigade broke camp at Magnolia, N. C., and marched by way of Faisons and Bentonville to Raleigh. April 18.Arrived there in the evening. April 20.The brigade was assigned to duty as garrison for the city of Raleigh, and has been engaged since that time in performing the duties incident thereto. [May.]This brigade has been engaged during the month in perform- ing the duties as garrison for the city of Raleigh, N. C. Third Division. April 10.The division broke camp at Faisons Depot, IN. C., and marched northwestward toward Bentonville. April 11.Passed Bentonville, and with easy marches the three fol- lowing days arrived at Raleigh, N. C., on the afternoon of the 14th instant. The troops went into camp about a mile south of the city. April 1G.In the morning the camp of the First and Third Brigades was removed to better ground. April 20.The division again broke camp and marched through Raleigh, N. C., passing in review before Major-General Sherman. After the review encamped near the main Smithfield road, about two miles from the city. April 29.Marched from Raleigh and reached the Neuse River at Smithfield at 8.30 a. in.; forded the river at that point and marched seven miles and encamped. May 1.In the morning the division broke camp near the Neuse River and marched to Goldsborough, where it is now encamped. June 4.The division moved by rail from Goldsborough to New Berne, N. C. The Fourteenth U. S. Colored Heavy Artillery was assigned to the division and assigned to the First Brigade. June 5.The First Brigade moved by rail to Morehead City, the headquarters of the brigade to Beaufort, N. C., where it is now encamped, with the exception of the First U. S. Colored Troops, which is stationed at Roanoke Island, N. C. The Second Brigade encamped in the vicinity of New Berne, where it still remains, with the exception of the Thirty-ninth U. S. Colored Troops, which stopped at Kinston, N. C., nutil the 25th, when it came to New Berne, N. C. The Third Brigade moved by rail to Wilmington, N. C., where it is now encamped. First Brigade, Third Division. April 9.Marched from Faisons Station, N. C. April 15.Reached Raleigh and encamped. April 20.Command reviewed by Major-General Sherman Page 155 Cnip. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 155 April 27.Surrender of General Johnston announced. April 28.Marched from Raleigh toward Goldsborough. April 30.Reached (Ioldsborongh, N. C., and encamped. Second Brigade, Third Division. 4pril 10.The brigade broke camp at Faisons Station, N. C., and took up the line of march for Raleigh, N. C., at which point it arrived on the 14th. April 29.Started for Goldsborough, N. C. April 30.The brigade was in the viciuity of Smithfield, N. C., on its way from Raleigh to Goldsborough. May 1.Arrived at Goldsborough and remained there during the month. TWENTY-THIRD ARMY CORPS. January 1 to 3.In camp at Columbia, Tenn. January 9.Arrived at Clifton, Tenn. January 10 to 31.Eu route to Washington, D. C., and Alexandria, Va. February 3 to 20.Command en route from Washington and Alex- andria to Federal Point, N. C. February 9.Third Division arrived off Fort Fisher and commenced operations for the capture of Fort Anderson. February 15.Second Brigade, Second Division, arrived at Fort Fisher and operated with Third Division against Fort Anderson. February 19.Capture of Fort Anderson. February 22.Capture of Wilmington. February 24.Remainder of division arrived at Wilmington, N. C.; First Division disembarked at Morehead and moved to New Berne, N. C., arrived February 28th. April 1 to 10.In garrison at Goldsborough, N. C. April11 to 13.On the march to Raleigh, N. C. April 14 to 30.In camp at Raleigh, N. C. May 1.In camp at Raleigh, N. C. May 4.Left Raleigh for Greensborough. May 5 to 31.In camp at Greensborough, N. C. First Division. January 18.The division embarked on transports on the Tennessee River for Cincinnati, Ohio; thence by rail to Washington, D. C., and encamped at Camp Stoneman, D. C. February 18.The division commenced moving from Camp Stoneman, D. C., to Alexandria, Va. Embarked on transports for Fort Fisher, N. C. The Second Brigade landed at Smithville, N. C., and marched to Fort Anderson. Re-embark& d for Morehead City, N. C., arriving February 28. The First and Third Brigades were disembarked at Morehead City with the batteries and shipped by railroad to New Berne, N. C. March 3.Marched from New Berne, N. C. March 8 to 10.At Wises Forks, near Kinston, N. C., engaged in ~he battle of Kinston, in which the division took a prominent part. The conduct of the troops was good Page 156 156 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. March 20.Marched from Kinston. March 21.Arrived at Goldsborough, N. C. March 24.Marched from Goldsborough, N. C. March 25.The division encamped between Moseley Hall, N. C., and Wheat Swamp Church, N. C. April 9.Marched from near Lenoir Institute, N. C., to Goldsborongh9 N. C. April 10.Marched from Goldsborough, arriving at Raleigh, N. C.,oL the evening of the 13th, where the division is now encamped. May 3.Left Raleigh, N. C.; marched to Greensborongh, N. C. May 7.Arrived at that place. The division proceeded by railroad to Charlotte, N. C., as rapidly as transportation could be furnished, arriving between the 11th and 16th instant. First Brigade, First Division. January 18.Boarded transports at, Tenn. January 24.Arrived at Cincinnati, via Tennessee and Ohio Rivers. Left Cincinnati for Washington, D. C., p. in., via Little Miami Railroad9 Central Ohio Railroad, and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. January 29.Arrived at Washington, D. C. January 31.Went into camp at Camp Stoneman, near Washington, I). C. February 20.Broke camp at Camp Stoneman. February 21.Embarked oii transports Atlantic and New York at Alexandria, Va. February 28.Arrived at Morehead City and proceeded by rail tc New Berne, N. C. March 3.Broke camp at New Berne, N. C.; marched in direction of Kinston, N. C. March 8.Met enemy near Wises Forks, N. C.; moved into position and built works; heavy skirmishing. March 9.Occasional sharpshooting during day until 4 p. in., when enemy made a strong but unsuccessful attack upon our line. At dusk firing ceased. March 10.Enemy charged our front with line of battle, drivin gour skirmishers before them. When within 100 yards of main line of works entire line opened upon enemys, and after a moments struggle their line was broken and they fell back in great disorder, whereupon we pursued them with strong skirmish line, taking 1 lieutenant and 34 enlisted men prisoners~ making total number taken by brigade 1 lieu- tenant and 65 enlisted men. Under cover of night enemy evacuat& their works and retreated in direction of Kinston. March 14.Marched from Wises Forks. March 15.Encamped near Kinston, N. C. March 20.Marched from Kinston, N. C. March 21.Encamped near Goldsborough, N. C. March 24.Marched from Goldsborough, N. C. March 25.Encamped near Lenoir Institute, N. C. April 9.Broke camp at Lenoir Institute and marched to Golds. borough, N. C.; distance, eighteen miles. April 10.Marched from Goldsborongh, N. C., in direction of Raleigh, N. C. April 14.Entered Raleigh, N. C., as garrison for the post. April 20.Relieved from duty as garrison for post Page 157 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 157 April 21.Brigade reviewed by General W. T. Sherman. Went into camp near Raleigh, N. C. May 3.Marched from iRaleigh, N. C. May 7.Arrived arid went into camp near Greensborough, N. C. May 13.Moved from Greensborough, N. C., by railroad. May 14.Went into camp near Charlotte, N. C. Second Brigade, First Division. January 19.Left Clifton, Tenn., and moved eastward January 31.Arrived at Washington. The Twenty-eighth Michigan Volunteers, Col. W. W. Wheeler commauding, assigned to Second Bri- gade. February 18.Second Brigade broke camp and moved by railroad to Alexandria, Va. February 19.Left Alexandria, Va., on transports. February 22.Arrived at Fort Anderson, N .C. March 1.Brigade embarked for New Berne, N. C. March 3.Left New Berne; moved toward Kinston. March 8 to 10.Was engaged with the enemy. March 15.Arrived at Kin ston. March 20.Broke camp; moved toward Goldsborough. March 21.Arrived at Goldsborough. March 25.Broke camp; moved eastward; went into camp near Moseley Hall, N. C. March 26.Took position near Lenoir Institute, N. C. April 9.Broke camp at Lenoir Institute; moved towards Raleigh, N. C. April 14.Arrived at and went into camp near Raleigh, N. C. [May.]iRemained in Greensborough, N. C., until the 15th. May 15.Moved to Charlotte, N. C., and remained in camp until the present moment [May 31]. Third Brigade, First Division. February 1 to 20.Encamped at Camp Stoneman, D. C. February 21.Went to Alexandria and embarked. February 23.Arrived at Fort Fisher in the morning. Received orders to return to Beanfort and started about noon the same day. February 24.Arrived off Beaufort in the morning; ran into the har- bor and landed at Morehead City same day. Shipped a part of the troops same evening on the cars, and the remainder early the next morn- ing for New Berne, N. C., and arrived there about noon same day, and have been here until present date, February 28. March 3.The brigade left New Berne, N. C. March 8 to 10.Were fighting with Braggs and Hokes forces at Wises Forks, near Kinston, N. C. On the night of the 10th the enemy left in the direction of Kinston. There were 4 enlisted men killed and 16 wounded. First Lient. William B. Brown and Second Lient. G. Harriman, One hundred and seventy-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, were wounded on the 8th and 10th instant at the battle of Wises Forks. ]Iiarch 20.Advanced toward Goldsborongh. March 21.In the evening entered the town with but very little skirmishing. March 25.Marched to Moseley Hall. March 26.Marched to Wheat Swamp Church, N. C., where the brigade is encamped Page 158 158 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. MX. First Brigade, Second Division. January 16.Embark on boats at Clifton, on the Tennessee River. January 17 to 26.Occupied in the transit to Washington, D. C. January 27.Arrived there; moved in quarters at.Camp Stoneman, where the brigade remained during the remainder of the month. February 1.The brigade was in quarters at Camp Stoneman, D. C.; remained there until the morning of the 12th. February 12.It moved across the river to Alexandria, Va., remain- ing there until the 17th. February 17.Took the steamer. February 23.Arrived at Fort Fisher; landed at Fort Anderson; went into camp and remained until the 26th. February 26.It moved to Wilmington, at which place it remained during the rest of the month. March 1.Brigade in camp at Wilmington, where it remained until the 6th. March 6 to 13.Occupied in marching to Kinston, 100 miles distant. Remained in camp at the latter place until the 20th. March 20.It started on the march to Goldsborough. March 21.Reached that place at night and remained in camp there until the 25th. March 25.The brigade, with the remainder of the division, moved to its present position. April 1.Brigade in camp at Moseley Hall, N. C., where it remained until the 9th. April 9 to 13.Occupied in marching to Raleigh, where it remained in camp during the rest of the month. May 1.In camp at Raleigh, N. C. May 3 to 7.Occupied in marching to Greensborough. May 10.Transferred to Salisbury, N. C., by rail, where the brigade remained in camp the remainder of the month. Third Brigade, Second Division. January 10.March at 7 a. m. to Clifton and await transportation. January 11 to 15.Remain in camp; pickets thrown out. January 16.At 8 p. m. march, following Second Brigade, and embark upon steam-boats Burd Levi, Financier, and Marmora. January 17.Start at 6.30 a. in.; reach Paducah at 9.30 p. in. January 20.Arrive at Louisville, Ky. January 22. Reach Cincinnati, Ohio. January 23.Take cars at Fulton; brigade separated. January 24 to 29.Move, via Little Miami, Central Ohio, and Balti- more and Ohio Railroads, to Washington, D. C. January 30 to 31.Move to and occupy Camp Stoneman, four miles from Washington, D. C. February 1 to 15.Third Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-third Army Corps, remain in camp (Camp Stoneman, D.C.), under command of Brig. Gen. N. C. McLean, U. S. Volunteers; detached mneii and strag- glers collected; cases for court-martial disposed of and the quarter- masters department refitted. February 16.Ordered to break camp to-morrow morning at 8 oclock. February 17.At 8 a. in. march to Washington, take cars for Alex- andria. and ship command on steamers Suwo Nada (headquarters), Var- una, Atlanta, and Glaucus Page 159 Cnir. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 159 February 18.Sail early in the morning; delayed by ice. February 20.Reach New Inlet, N. C., at dark. February 21.Move around the shoals and enter the month of Cape Fear River. February 22.Land at Smithville, N. C.; at dark reship for Wilming- ton, N. C., leaving baggage behind nnder guard; Wilmington evacnated. February 23.Reach Wilmington at 7 a. in.; disembark command stack arms on the wharf and remain till near noon; then march throngh town and encamp abont one mile out to the left of Second Brigade and right of Third Division, with an interval between them. February 24.On acconnt of bad weather a part of the command transferred to the barracks in Camp Jackson. February 25 and 26.Remain in camp. February 27.Cross the river to Manchester Depot. February 28.Col. S. A. Strickland, Fiftieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, assumed command of the brigade in place of General McLean, trans- ferred to command of Second Division, Twenty-third Army Corps. March 1 to 3.Brigade in camp at Manchester Depot on west bank of Cape Fear River. March 4.Brigade crosses Cape Fear River and encamps one mile and a half east of Wilmington, N. C. March 5.Remain in camp near Wilmington, N. C. March 6.Brigade marched at 6 a. in., Second 1)ivision in advance; at night went into camp; distance marched, eleven miles. March 7.Marched at 6 a. in., Third Division in advance. The country through which brigade passed to.day is very swampy; went into camp at night, having marched seventeen miles. March 8.Marched at 6 a. in., Third Brigade in advance of corps; were delayed three honrs by the breaking of a bridge; encamped at night. March 9.Marched at 6 a. in.; marched fifteen miles, going into camp at 3.30 p. in.; roads in very bad condition. March 10.Marched at 8 a m Third Division in advance~ were delayed several hours owing to the bad condition of the roads; can- nonading heard in the direction of Kinston, N. C. March 11.Marched at 2.30 a. in., passing through a swampy country; went into camp at 4 p. in.; wagon trains did not arrive at night. March 12 and 13.Remain in camp; rebels reported to have evac- uated Kinston, N. C. March 14.Marched at 7 a in., Third Brigade in center of division and in rear of artillery; marched four miles and encamped near Neuse River. March 15.Remain in camp until 5 p. In.; then move camp one mile and a half from former position. March 16.Remain in camp. A working party of 1,000 men were sent in charge of Colonel Strickland to repair the railroad. March 17 to 19.Remain in camp near Kinston, N. C. March 20.Marched at 8 a in.; crossed Neuse River; marched eleven miles; went into camp; pickets thrown out to cover flanks. March 21.March at daylight; marched seventeen miles; at night entered Goldsborough, N. C., which rebels had evacuated in the afternoon. March 22 to 24.Remain in camp building a strong line of works in our front Page 160 160 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. March 25.Marched at 7 a. m. out on the Kinston road, First Divis- ion in advance; marched ten miles and went into camp near Moseley Hall; one regiment, One hundred and eighty third Ohio, was left as guard at the railroad. March 26 to 31.Remain in camp building breast-works; pickets thrown out to cover front and flanks. April 1 to 8.In camp near Best Station, N. C. April 9.Brigade moved at 7 a. in.; marched twelve miles during the day, camping one mile west of Goldsborongh, N. C. April 10.At 1.30 p. in. marched out on Raleigh road; marched eight miles and encamped for the night. April 11.Marched at 7.30 a. in.; were delayed three hours in build- ing corduroy roads over a swamp. April 12.Marched at 7.30 a. in.; marched fifteen miles; went into camp at dark. April 13.Third Brigade moved in rear of division. Raleigh, N.~ C., evacuated by the enemy. April 14 to 20.Remained in camp one mile aud a half south of Raleigh, N. C. April 21.Were reviewed by General Sherman, after which moved camp to north side of Raleigh. April 22 to 30.In camp near Raleigh, N. C. May 1 and 2.In camp at Raleigh, N. C. ]Iilay 3.Marched at 7 a. in.; encamped on Greensborongh road; dis- tance marched, seventeen miles. May 4.Marched at 9 a.m., passing through Tunnel Hill; encamped at 5 p. in.; marched sixteen miles. May 5.Marched at 7 a. in.; went into camp at 5 p. in. near Ruffins Mill; threw out pickets to cover our front and flank. ]llay 6.Marched at 6a.m., Third Division in advance; passed through Graham; went into camp at 5.30 p. m. May 7.Marched at 5 a. in.; arrived at Greensborough at iioon; pro- ceeded to the railroad depot and embarked on train for Salisbury; arrived there at midnight; disembarked and went into camp. May 8 to 31.Remain in camp near Salisbury, N. C. Third Division. January 15 to 31.On road from Clifton, Teun., to Alexandria, Va. February 1 to 3.In camp at Alexandria, Va. February 4 to 10.En route for Federal Point, N. C. February 11 to 15.In camp at Federal Point, N. C. February 16.Moved to Smithville. February 17 to 22.Marched to Wilmington; brisk skirmishing. February 23 to 28.In camp near Wilmington. March 1 to 5.Garrison at Wilmington. ill arch 6.Marched sixteen miles on New Berne road. illarch 7.Marched eighteen miles on New Berne road. ]Jfarch 8.Marched eighteen miles on New Berne road. March 9.Marched twelve miles; crossed Southwest Creek and New River and encamped. March 10.Marched sixteen miles. March 11.Marched sixteen miles. March 12.Marched twelve miles and encainp~d. March 13.In camnp. March 14.Marched eight miles toward Kinsto Page 161 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 161 March 15.Marched one mile and a half to Neuse River and encamped. March 16 to 19.In camp. March 20.Marched ten miles toward Goldsborough. March 21.Reached Goldsborough at midnight. March 22.Went into position and intrenched. March 23 to 31.In camp west of Goldsborough. April 1 to 9.At Goldsborough in camp. April 10.Marched five miles on Smithfield road. April 11.Marched eight miles. April 12.Marched sixteen miles. April 13.Marched twenty miles. April 14.Marched six miles arid encamped southwest of Raleigh, N. C. April 15 to 30.In camp on north side of Raleigh, N. C. May I to 5.Garrisoned at Raleigh. May 6.Caine to Greensborough, eighty-three miles, by railroad. illay 7.Established quarters at residence of Major Sterling, north side of town. May 8 to 31.At post headquarters. First Brigade, Third Division. January 7 to 16.Jn camp at Clifton; embarked on transports on the night of the 16th. January 16 to 26.En route to Washington, D. C. January 27 to 30.Jn barracks at Camp St~neman. January 31.Marched to Alexandria, Va. February 1 to 4.Brigade in barracks at Alexandria. February 5 to 8.On ocean transports. February 9.Landed at Fort Fisher. February 10.In camp. February 11.Moved in support of reconnoitering party. February 12.Expedition to Masonborough Sound. February 13.In camp. February 14.Another expedition to Masonborough Sound. February 15.In camp. February 16.Crossed river to Smithville. February 17.In camp. February 18.Moved to Fort Anderson. February 19.Moved to left of Fort Anderson. February 20.In the morning crossed Town Creek to right of enemy; secured a position, and in the afternoon charged with the entire bri- gade and captured 3 pieces of artillery, 26 horses, 2 stand of colors, and an aggregate of 60-odd prisoners. February 21.Moved at daylight to Brunswick Creek; fired upon from market place in Wilmington; ordered to move to Town Creek; when on the road order countermanded. February 22.Town of Wilmington evacuated; One hundred and fourth Ohio and Sixteenth Kentucky Regiments assigned to provost duty. February 23 to 28.In Wilmington. March 1 to 5.Brigade at Wilmington doing provost duty. March 6.Marched sixteen miles toward New Berne, N. C. March 7.Marched eighteen miles toward New Berne, N. C. ~d arch 8.Marched eighteen uAle~ tow~r1 N~w ~ N~ 11. U U~.uYOL XLYII, PT Page 162 162 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. HA. [CHAP. LIX. March 9.Marched twelve miles toward New Berne, N. C. March 10.Marched sixteen miles toward New Berne, N. C. March 11.Marched sixteen miles toward New Berne, N. C. March 12.Marched four miles. March 13.in camp. March 14.Marched eight miles toward Kinston. March 15.Marched about 4.30 p. m. one mile and a half to Nense River. March iG to 19.In camp. ill arch 20.Marched twenty miles toward Goldsborough. March 21.Marched twelve miles reached Goldsborough 12 in. March 22.Went into position and intrenched. March 23 to 31.In camp at Goldsborough, N. C. April 1 to 9.Brigade in camp at Goldsborongh, N. C. April 10.Marched, and when half a mile on Raleigh road order countermanded. April 11.Marched ten miles in direction of Smithville, guarding trains. April 12.Marched eight miles in direction of Smithville, guarding trains. April 13.Marched five miles and encamped near Turners Bridge. April 14.Marched eighteen miles in direction ot Raleigh, N. C. April 15.Marched ten miles and encamped near Raleigh, N. C. April 16 and 17.In camp near Raleigh. April 18.Moved camp froni south side to north side of town. April 19.In camp near Raleigh. April 20 to 30.In camp near Raleigh, N. C. [May. ]This command moved by rail to Greensborough from Raleigh, N. C., since which time the Eighth Tennessee Volunteers have been ordered to Companys Shops, North Carolina Railroad, twenty miles distant from this place; One hundred and fourth Ohio Volun- teers provost guard in G-reensborough; one company, Twelfth Ken- tucky Veteran Volunteer Infantry, stationed at Rockiugham, N C., twenty-eight miles west of this point. [June.]Brigadier-(~eneral Schofield having been assigned to com- mand of Second Division, Twenty-third Army Corps, Col. A. T. Wilcox, One hundred and seventy-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was tempo- rarily assigned to command First Brigade (late Second), Third Divis- ion, Twenty-third Army Corps. Being mustered out with his regiment, Col. James Stewart, jr., Ninth New Jersey Volunteers, assumed com- mand, being assigned to command Third Division, Twenty-third Army Corps, Special Orders, iNo. 98, Twenty-third Army Corps. Col. W. S. Stewart ordered to assume command by Special Orders, No. 98, Twenty-third Army Corps. The One hundred and seventy-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry mustered out by Orders, No. 72, Department of North Carolina; Sixty-fifth Indiana Volunteers mustered out by Special Orders, No. 72, Department of North Carolina; One hundred and third Ohio Volunteer Infantry mnstered out by Special Orders, No. 72, Department of North Carolina. June 28.Seventeenth Massachusetts assigned to First Brigade (late Second). Second Brigade, Third Division. January 17.Shipped [at Clifton, Tenn.] on board transports for Cin- cinnati, where the l)rigade disembarked and moved by rail to Washing\ ton, D. C., where it arrived January 27 Page 163 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 163 February 3.Brigade moved to Annapolis, Md., an d shipped on transports for Fort Fisher, N. C. February 8.Arrived there. February 11.Moved in support of a division of the Twenty-fourth Corps; returned to camp at dusk. February 12.Moved six miles along the coast and returned to camp at 12p.m. February 1G.Crossed Cape Fear River and landed at Smithville. February 17.Marched twelve miles and ~kirmished with enemy three hours; then moved seven miles to make flank movement on enemy. February 19.Marched eight miles. February 20.Crossed Town Creek; charged the enemy, capturing 440 prisoners and 2 pieces of artillery. February 21.Marched to Brunswick River. February 22.Crossed the river to Wilmington and went into camp north of the city. March 6.Brigade left Wilmington and marched seventeen miles on New Berne road. March 7.Marched eighteen miles. March 8.Marched fourteen miles. March 9.Marched fourteen miles; crossed Southwest Creek and New River. March 10.Marched fourteen miles. March 11.N arched fourteen miles. March 14.Marched four miles. March 15.Moved one mile. March 20.Crossed Neuse River at Kinston and marched thirteen miles in the direction of Goldsborough. March 21.Marched twenty-two miles; arrived at Goldsborongh and encamped east of town. March 22.Moved west of town and threw up works. April 1.Brigade lay in camp at Goldsborough. April 10Left camp at Goldsborough. April 14.Arrived at Raleigh and went into camp. June 18.Lient. Col. L. II. Rousseau assumed command of brigade by command of Brigadier-General Carter, commanding Twenty-third Army Corps. June 19.Capt. H. C. Weaver appointed acting inspector-general by order of Lient. Col. L. H. Rousseau. Lient. W. W. Burden, One hundred and fortieth Indiana Volunteers, detailed as aide-de-camp by order of Lient. Col. L. H. Rousseau. Col. 0. W. Sterl, Capts. J. W. Fawcett, ID. M. Stearns, and Vanderhoof relieved by order of Brig- adier-General Carter. June 28.One hundred and fortieth Indiana Volunteers assigned to brigade. Number of brigade changed from First to Second by order of Brigadier-General Carter. June 30.Eighth Tennessee Volunteers mustered out; One hun- dredth and One hundred and fourth Ohio Volunteers mustered out. Third Brigade, Third Division. January 16.At night we went on board of transports [at Clifton, Teun.], which conveyed us to Cincinnati, Ohio, by water. January 21.Arrived there; got on the cars amid l)roceeded to Alex- andria, Va Page 164 164 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. January 25.We arrived there at night and since have been quar- tered at the Soldiers Rest. February 1.Brigade in camp at Alexandria, Va. February 4.Embarked on steam-ship Atlantic for Fort Fisher, N. C. February 8.Arrived there participated in the engagement before Wilmington, resulting in the capture of that place. February 23.Moved into the city and there remained during the month. March 1.Brigade lying in camp at Wilmington, N. C. March 6.Broke camp, moving in the direction of Kinston. March 14.Arrived within three miles of Kinston; brigade went into camp, where it remained until the 20th. March 20.Broke camp, moving to Goldsborough. March 21.Arrived there. March 23.Took a position; brigade building works and remaining in same position during the month. March 31.Brigade made a reconnaissance, going out six miles; brisk skirmishing; no casualties in brigade. April 1.Lying in camp at Goldsborongh, N. C. April 2.The Seventeenth Massachusetts Volunteers assigned to Third Brigade, per Special Orders, No. 1, headquarters Twenty-third Army Corps. April 10.Broke camp, moving in the direction of Raleigh. April 14.Arriving there, went into camp. April 20.Companies A, B, C, and D, Sixty-third Indiana Volun- teers, ordered to Indianapolis, md., to be mustered out of service, per Special Field Orders, No. 36, headquarters Department of North Caro- lina. April 25.Lieut. Henry G. Hyde, Seventeenth Massachusetts Vol- unteers, detailed as acting provost-marshal, per Special Orders, No. 17, headquarters Third Brigade. Remained in camp at Raleigh, N. C., the remainder of the month. District of Wilmington. March 1.Major-General Schofield constituted the District of Wil- mington to comprise all the territory under military control in rear of the army operating from Cape Fear River as a base. Brig. Gen. J. R. Hawley, U. S. Volunteers, was assigned to the command and made responsible for the protection of the depot at Wilmington, Cape Fear Harbor, and the line of railroad in rear of the army, and also appointed provost-marshal-general for the district. The Second Brigade, First Division, Twenty-fourth Corps (formerly and now again Second Brigade, First Division, Tenth Corps), Bvt. Brig. Gen. Joseph C. Abbott (colonel Seventh New Hampshire) commanding, was ordered to report to Brigadier-General Hawley for duty in the district. On the 1st of the mouth Major-General Schofield, with a portion oC the Twenty-third Corps, and Major-General Terry, with the Provisional Corps (afterward reorganized as Tenth Corps), were in the district, but soon moved northward to combine with General Sherman at Golds- borough. About 8,600 Union prisoners were released on parole at Northeast Bridge, ten miles above Wilmington, and cared for at Wilmington, and ~1~euce tr~nsportod ~orth sev~ral thou~i4 Qt theni were put into i~oe Page 165 UTAP. tIX.~ THE CAMPAIGN OP THE CAROLINAS. 165 pita]. This delivery was wholly unexpected, and the district was almost without proper material to care for them properly. They were in a frightful condition in all respects, and a camp or jail fever broke out among them. Besides, there were all the sick of the commands of Major-Generals Schofield and Terry, and when Major-General Sher- mans columns reached Fayetteville lie sent down 6,000 or 7,000 misera- bly destitute refugees, white and black, and 1,000 or 2,000 sick and wounded soldiers. All the supplies that the rebels had left were seized; citizens and citizen physicians were set at work; a heavy force of coi~- trabands were set at work cleaiiing the city (perhaps the dirtiest ever seen); requisitions were made for supplies, and the surgeons, Doctors Barnes and Buzzell (Third New Hampshire), who died of fever con- tracted in the hospitals, and Doctor Jarvis (Seventh Connecticut), suc- cessively in charge, labored faithfully. During March about were treated in hospital; died. A portion of the white refugees were sent to New York, as directed by General Sherman. A few blacks were sent to South Carolinaper- haps 500. A large colony of blacks was established at Fort Anderson, and the usual efforts made to get them food, clothing, and work. Brevet Brigadier-General Abbott (with four regiments) was assigned to the command of Wilmington; the battalion of the Sixteenth New York Heavy Artillery was sent down the river; Major Prince to coin- mand at Fort Fisher; Captain Beach at Fort Caswell, and Captain Sheppard at Smithville. A company of engineers, under Captain McClure, assisted by a force of contrabands, was set at work on the railroad bridge over Smiths Creek (Wilmington and Weldoii Railroad), 280 feet long, and it was rebuilt substantially before the regular construction train could get around from Goldsborough to finish the Northeast Bridge. Captured cotton, tobacco, & c., were collected and turned over to the treasury agent and afterward to the quartermaster. 1)uring the month about 7,000 in en in detachments and provisional organizations reported here and were sent forward to Goldsborough and the front. A large amount of stores accumulated here, and the commands of Generals Terry and Kilpatrick were chiefly supplied hence befhre they started for Raleigh. [May.]No important events occurred during the month. The organ- ization of a company of police guard in each county was completed. A great many refugees (white and black) and paroled and released rebels were sent off toward their homes, public property gathered in, soldiers m.ustered out from their hospitals, & c. The duties incident to such a district kept the forces busy. Major-General Sherman and Chief Justice Chase visited the district during the month Page 166 166 OPERATIONS IN N. C, S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. District of Florida. February 5.Lieut. Col. A. II. Wilcoxson, with Captains French and Betts, Lieuteiiant Chatfield, and about forty enlisted mcii of the Seven- teenth Connecticut Volunteers, serving as guard to train of ten wagons laden with cotton, were pounced upon by about eighty rebel cavalry, under Captain Dickison, near Welaka and about ninety miles from Saint Augustine, Fla. After a brief struggle, in which Colonel Wil- coxson received three wounds and Adjutant Chatfield was killed, the party from Saint Augustine was forced to surrender to Dickison, who marched to the river near by an(l recrossed with his prisoners and plunder. February 10.Col. Benjamin C. Tilghinan relieved from command of camps at J acksonville and placed in control of posts of Saint Augustine and Picolata, with headquarters at Saint Augustine. February 18, 19, and 20.Various posts of the district visited and inspected by Brigadier-General Williams, U. S. Volunteers, an officer of Lieutenant-General Grants staff. February 26.A salute of 100 guns fired at Jacksonville in honor of the capture of Charleston. March 7.A scouting party composed of colored soldiers and civilians set out from Jacksonville, engaged and defeated a body of rebel cavalry in Marion County, and returned to Jacksonville, via Saint Augustine, bringing 4 prisoners, 74 refugees (colored), 5 horses, 7 mules, and 1 army wagon. Casualties, 2 killed and 1 wounded. March 11.Thirty-fourth U. S. Colored Troops returned from expedi- tion and encamped near Jacksonville. March 17.Picolata abandoned. Garrison transferred to Saint Augustine, heavy ordnance to Jacksonville. March 18.Col. W. W. Marple, with 500 men Thirty-fourth U. S. Colored Troops, one company Third U. S. Colored Troops, and three field pieces, niarched inland from Jacksonville and encamped on banks of Cedar Creek, fonr miles from its junction with the Saint Johns, to cover operations of a crew of wreckers on sunken steamer Saint Marys. March 27.Party of scouts, under Calvin Livingstone, came into Jacksonville, bringing five rebel soldiers and three Spencer carbines (seven-shooters), captured without loss to our side on March 20 on west side Saint Johns, opposite Picolata, and near Glen Cove Springs. March 31.Steamer Saint Marys raised by wrecking party nuder Captain Bennett. April 7.General Scammon and personal staff left the district to accept leave of absence. Command of district temporarily resigned to Col. B. C. Tilghman, of the Third U. S. Colored Troops. April 19.Brigadier-General Vogdes, with his staff, arrived from Hilton Head, and assumed comman(l, relieving Colonel Tilghman. April 22.Received official information by flag of truce of an armis- tice agreed upon between the Federal and Confederate authorities. April 2G.Received notice of the above-named armistice from head- quarters Department of the South. April.2830.General Vogdes and staff visited and inspected post of Saint Augustine, in steamer Saint Marys. Received at Jackson. ville between 3,000 and 4,000 paroled prisoners of war from Anderson- ville, Ga., via Tallahassee, Lake City, and Baldwin. These prisoner Page 167 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 167 are temporarily encamped at Jacksonville, in charge of Major Thompson, provost-marshal-general Department of the South. April 30.Received from department headquarters and published to the district information of the resumption of hostilities and end of the armistice. May 13.Detachment of One hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry and Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry left district on steamer Delaware. May 14.General E. M. McCook, commanding First Division, Cav- alry Corps, Military Division of the Mississippi, visited Jacksonville from Tallahassee. May 18 and 19.Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, U. S. Volunteers, Chief Jnstice S. P. Chase, and other high officials visited Jacksonville, Saint Augustine, and Fernandina. May 17 to 20.Confederate troops in Florida surrendered to Briga- dier-General Vogdes, in compliance with terms agreed upon between Generals Johnston and Sherman. Paroled by CaptainMeflenry, assist- ant adjutant-general, at Baldwin, Lake City, and Waldo, Fla. May 22.General Samuel Jones and staff arrived at Jacksonville from Tallahassee en route for Petersburg, Va.; Seventh U. S. Infantry, Col. II. D. Wallen, arrived at Jacksonville from the Head. Steamer Delaware beached and wrecked on or near Saint Johns Bar. May 29 to 31.General Vogdes and staff visited Tallahassee, Lake City, and other points on the Florida Central Railroad. Three com- panies Seventh U. S. Infantry sent to relieve the volunteer troops at Fernandina. May 31.Colonel Wallen, with seven companies Seventh U. S. Infantry, sent to relieve the volunteer forces at Saint Augustine. June 7.Five companies of the Seventeenth Connecticut Volunteers transferred to Jacksonville from Saint Augustine. CoL W. W. Marple, Thirty.fourth U. S. Colored Volunteers, relieved from command of Jacksonville by Captain Apthorp, Thirty-fourth U. S. Colored Volun- teers, and sent to Tallahassee to relieve General Tilghman from com- mand of that post. June 15.The Twelfth Maine Veteran Volunteers (Colonel Kimball) reached Jacksonville on the Emilie from Darien, Ga., on their way to Thomasville, Ga. June 16 and 17.Jeff. Davis private trunk, rifle, and two large boxes containing his private papers were seized near Waldo, Fla., and brought to Jacksonville by Captain Bryant, assistant provost-marshal District of Florida, acting under General Vogdes directions. (Sent to Hilton Head, headquarters Department of the South.) Senator Vulee and Hon. A. K. Allison, of Florida, sent to Fort Pulaski, Ga. June 19.Brigadier-General Newton, U. S. Volunteers, assumed command of the State of Florida by virtue of seniority. June 20.Three companies of the Seventeenth Connecticut Volun- teers arrived at Jacksonville from Lake City. June 22.Two companies of the Seventeenth Connecticut Volun- teers reached Jacksonville from Tallahassee, this regiment being now collected at Jacksonville in readiness to leave district for muster out of service. June 24 and 25.General Vogdes visited Fernandina. The command of the district, as a part of the Department of the South, was not relinquished by Brigadier-General Vogdes until July 10, after he had received official notice from General Giilmore of his receipt of the order transferring the State to the Department of the Gulf Page 168 168 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Provisional Brigade. May 7.The brigade moved from Charleston, S. C., and camped in the vicinity of Bacon Bridge. May 8.Moved to Summerville; detachments were stationed at iRidgeville and Four-Hole Swamp. May 18.The One hundred and second U. S. Colored Troops moved to Btanchville, and the Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteers to Orangeburg. May 19.Sent the Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers to Orange- burg. ilfay 20.Sent the Fifty-fourth New York Volunteers to Orangeburg, and moved brigade headquarters to that place. May 23.Sent Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteers to Columbia. The rail- road is now repaired to within one mile of this l)lace, and the work is rapidly progressing, as also the work of repairing the telegraph to Columbia. District of Port Royal. May 13.Districts of Hilton Head and Beaufort consolidated to form the District of Port Royal. May.15.Posts of Hilton Head and Beaufort established. Lieutenant- Colonel Guernsey, in command of Twenty-sixth U. S. Colored Troops, dispatched from post of Beaufort to Pocotaligo, S. C., to investigate alleged prevalence of guerrillas and maintain quiet among the inhabi- tants. District of Savannah, Ga. January 7.The division* moved trom Camp Sheridan, Va., by rail to Camp Carroll, Baltimore, Md. The troops here embarked as fast as steamers could be got ready, and January 14 the headquarters em- barked. January 20.Arrived at Savannah, Ga., where the division now is. [March.]During the mouth the Second and Third Brigades, Second Division, Nineteenth Army Corps, have been ordered away from the district, and three regiments of colored troops sent here. Since then two regiments of the colored troops were ordered away amid the One hundred and third U. S. Colored Regiment added to the command. [April.] Capt. Oliver Matthews, assistant adjutant-general, assigned to duty Witlm the general commanding by Special Orders, No. 152, Adju- tant-Generals Office, War Department. Surg. J. Trenor, U. S. Volun- teers, assigned to duty as chief medical officer, District of Savaimnah, by General Orders, No. 94, Department of the South. Dwights Division. June 1.The First Brigade embarked at Washington for Savannah Ga. June 5.The Second Brigade embarked at Washington for Savannah~ Ga. June 25.The Third Brigade embarked at Washington for Savannah,. Ga. June 27.The headquarters of the division embarked at Washingtomi for Savannah, Ga., arriving at mouth of Savannah River on the 30th * Second Division, Nineteenth Army Corps Page 169 CHAP. tIX.~ THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 169 No. 5. Report ~f Bvt. Brig. Gen. Orlando AL Poe, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Chief Engineer. WAShINGTON D. C October 8 1865. .7 SIR :* Third. The campaign from Savannah, Ga., to Goidsborough, N. C., from January 25, 1865, to March 22, 1865. For this campaign, inaugurated in midwinter, to be made through a country famous for the extent of its swamps, all of which for 500 miles distance were to be crossed at right angles, at that season of the year when they were flooded with water and generally regarded as impass- able for troops, the engineer department was organized with great care, The pontoon trains, of which descriptions have already been given, were put in perfect order. Every officer and man belonging to the engineer organization was duly impressed with the importance of the part we were to take in the march, where so much was to depend upon prompt and efficient bridge-building and road-making. The same organization of the department was preserved as that made for the Savannah campaign. To save the trouble of looking for it in the pre- ceding pages it is repeated. First. Staff: 0. M. Poe, captain Engineers, brevet colonel, U. S. Army, chief engineer Military Division of the Mississippi; C. B. Reese, captain Engineers, brevet colonel, U. S. Army, chief engineer Depart- ment and Army of the Tennessee (Right Wing); Amos Stickney, first lieutenant Engineers, brevet captain, U. S. Army, assistant to Captain Reese; William Ludlow, first lieutenant Engineers, brevet major, U. S. Army, chief engineer Army of Georgia (Left Wing); William Kos- sak, captain, aide-de-camp, chief engineer Seventeenth Army Corps; Kiostermaun, captain, & c., chief engineer Fifteenth Army Corps. Second. Engineer troops and troops of the line on engineer duty: First Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, Col. J. B. Yates,unassigned; First Missouri Engineers, Lient. Col. William Tweeddale, Right Wing; Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Lient. Col. J. Moore, Left Wing. Third. Pontoniers and pontoon trains: Right Wing, First Missouri En gineers; Left Wing, Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. The pontoon trains remained exactly as before specified. The tool trains remnaiimed the same, but the iiumber of tools carried along by brigade wagons was greatly increased, particularly the number of axes. When the movement actually commenced a portion of the army marched via Sisters Ferry. The pontoon train of the Left Wing accompanied this column. All other engineer troops and trains were transported by water to Beaufort and moved thence by land. Owing to the season and the nature of the country through which we marched the demand for labor of engineer troops was constant. The heavy rains which fell just as the movement commenced greatly impeded the march of the column, which crossed the Savannah at Sisters Ferry. To enable it to progress at all 700 feet of pontoon bridge were built and 1,000 feet of trestle bridge, also some miles of corduroying. The Right Wing met with similar obstacles, though not so serious. A pontoon * For portion of this report (here omitted) relating to the Atlanta Campaign, & c., see Vol. XXXVIII, Part I, P. 127, an(1 for that relating to the Savannah Campaign, see Vol. XLIV, p. 58 Page 170 170 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. bridge was thrown across Whale Branch, and fully one-quarter of the road thence to Pocotaligo was corduroyed. On the 1st of February the movement from Sisters Ferry and Pocotaligo commenced, the enemy at that time endeavoring to hold the line of the Salkehatchie. The Left Wing moved toward Duck Branch Post-Office, and the Right Wing by the two roads between the Salkehatchie and the Coosawhatchie, the Seventeenth Corps being directed on Rivers Bridge and the Fifteenth Corps on Duck Branch Cross-Roads, with a division thrown out to Angleys Post-Office. On the night of the 3d of February the enemys position at Rivers Bridge was carried by a portion of the Seventeetith Army Corps. On the 4th the Fifteenth Army Corps reached Bufords (or Beauforts) Bridge and found it destroyed, the enemy having evac- uated his works at this point. T~venty-two bridges, scattered over a mile of swamp, and averaging about twenty-five feet in length, were rebuilt during the night and the whole road through the swamp was corduroyed. The Left Wing with the cavalry on its left flank continued its march direct on Baruwell. On February 7 the Charleston and Augusta Railroad was reached at Midway by the Seventeenth Army Corps, at Bamberg by the Fifteenth Army Corps, at Grahams by the Twentieth Corps, and at Blackville by the Fourteenth Corps, with the cavalry on its left. The pontoon train of the Right Wing was pushed forward toward, and all the infantry of the entire army, together with the Michigan Engineers, were put at work destroying the railroad. This was effectually done, all wood-work was burnt, every rail was twisted, and all water-tanks, engines, and machinery of all kinds destroyed to include the Edisto bridge and Wilhiston, and partially destroyed between Wilhiston and Johnsons. During the night of the 9th a pontoon bridge was thrown at Binna- kers, and the enemy driven away from the position lie had taken to dispute the crossing. Another pontoon bridge was thrown at Hol- mans, and all our force was across by the evening of the 11th, the Left Wing crossing at Duncans and Guignards Bridges. The Right Wing moved direct upon Orangeburg. The enemy opposed the cross- ing of the North Fork of the Edisto River, but, as usual, he was driven away and three pontoon bridges built, one on the main Orangeburg road, and the other two at Shillings Bridge. The Seventeenth Corps occupied Orangeburg and destroyed the railroad thence to and includ- ing the Congaree River bridge. The Left Wing, meanwhile, was mov- ing toward Columbia by the nearest roads. The Right Wing now directed its march toward Columbia, and after some opposition at Thomas Creek and Con garee Creek, where the enemy was found well intrenched, arrived at a point opposite the city on the 16th of February. The bridges over the Saluda, B road, and Congaree were all found to have been burned. A pontoon bridge was built at the Saluda River bridge, near the factory, and a portion of the Fifteenth Corps crossed during the night. The Left Wing pontoon bridge was built over the Saluda at Zion Church, niiie and one-half miles above Columbia, and some force crossed. On the 17th a pontooi bridge was built just above the ruins of the former bridge over Broad River, three miles above Columbia, and the Right Wing crossed to the north bank and occupied the city, the greater part of which was burned during the night. Many reasons are given for this flagrant violation of General Shermans orders, but, as far as 1 could judge, it was principally due to the fhct that the citizens gave liquor to the troops until they were crazily drunk and beyond the control of their officers. The burning cotton, fired by retreating rebels, and the presence of a large iinmber of escape Page 171 ChAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 171 prisoners, excited the intoxicated soldiers to the first acts of violence, after which they could not be restrained. I dont know that I am called upon to give an opinion respecting this matter,butlvolunteerthe above. One thing is certain, the burning houses, lighting up the faces. of shrieking women, terrified children, and frantic, raving, drunken men, formed a scene which no man of the slighest sensibility wants to witness a second time. On the 18th the Left Wing crossed the Broad River on a pontoon bridge thrown at the mouth of Wateree Creek, near Freshlys Mills, and commenced the destruction of the Greenville and Columbia Rail- road from Alston toward Columbia. On the 19th, by direction of Gen- eral Sherman, I destroyed all the railroad shops, depots, city gas- works, & c., in Columbia, the Michigan Engineers furnishing the work- ing parties. On the 20th the march was resumed. The Seventeenth Army Corps, together with the Michigan Engineers, at work destroy- ing the Columbia and Charlotte Railroad from Columbia northward, while the Fifteenth Corps was at work from Columbia toward Kings- yule. The Charlotte railroad was thoroughly destroyed from Coluin- bia to White Oak Station, forty-four miles. At Winnsborough the whole army was concentrated, and the Left Wing assisted in the destruction of the railroad thence to the northward. From Winus- borough and White Oak the Left Wing and the cavalry moved to Rocky Mount, and the Right Wing to Peays Ferry. A pontoon bridge was thrown over the Catawba (Wateree) at each of these points, and after a great deal of trouble, arising from high water, rapid currents, and muddy roads, the army was transferred to the eastern bank of the river. This crossing was begun on the morning of the 23d of February, and was completed on the 27th, after one bridge at Rocky Mount had been carried away. It was 700 feet in length, and about 200 feet of it was totally lost. The balance was recovered and the bridge rebuilt. By this time the cavalry had passed through Lancaster, the Twentieth Corps was at Hanging Rock, and the Right Wing was at Tillersville, in the vicinity of which it crossed Lynchs Creek, after almost incredible labor in building bridges and corduroying roads. The remainder of the army crossed at Fenillys and McManus Bridges. The whole army was now moving on Cheraw, and was concentrated there on the 3d of March without any opposition not easily overcome. A large amount of material of war was captnred at Cheraw, all of which, except three guns brought away as trophies, was destroyed by the Michigan Engi- neers. The march was resumed on the 6th of March, the Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Twentieth Corps crossing the Pedee on a pontoon bridge at Cheraw, and the Fourteenth Corps and cavalry on another at Sneedsborough. The whole army now aimed to concentrate at Fay- etteville, N. C., the cavalry passing through Rockingham and thence via the first road north of the Fayetteville and Albemarle plink road; the Fourteenth Corps via Loves Bridge over Lumber River; the Twentieth Corps via McFarlands Bridge; the Fifteenth Corps via Gilchrists Bridge, and the Seventeenth Corps via Campbells Bridge. All these bridges had been destroyed by the enemy and each was replaced either by a pontoon or a trestle bridge. The concentration at Fayetteville was effected on the 11th of March with very little oppo- sition, though the enemys cavalry was all around us. At Fayetteville it was found that the enemy had greatly enlarged the capacity of the old U. S. Arsenal. The major-general assigned to me the special duty of destroying it. The Michigan Engineers were at once set at work to batter down all masonry walls, and to break to pieces all machinery o Page 172 172 OPERATIONS IN N. 0., S. 0., ~. GA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX. whatever kind, and to prepare the two large magazines for explosion. The immense machine-~shops, foundries, timber sheds, & c., were soon rednced to a heap of rubbish, and at a concerted signal fire was applied to these heaps, and to all wooden buildings and piles of lumber; also to the powder trains leading to the magazines. A couple of honrs sufficed to reduce to ashes everything that would bnrn, and the high wiIl(1 prevailing at the time scattered these ashes, so that only a few piles of broken bricks remained of that repossessed arsenal. Much of the machinery here destroyed had been bronght at the beginning of the war from the old arsenal at Harpers Ferry. On the 13th pontoon bridges were thrown over the Cape Fear River as follows: That of the Left Wing just below the ruins of the road bridge (it having been burned by the enemy), and that of the Right Wing about three miles below, and the army commenced crossing. On the 15th the bridges were taken up and the Left Wing, together with the cavalry, moved out on the Raleigh road. The supply trains of the cavalry and of the Left Wing, under escort of one division from the Fourteenth Corps amid one from the Twentieth, after going some seven or eight miles, turned to the eastward, taking the main Goldsborough road, whither they were ordered. The cavalry amid the other four divisions continued on the Raleigh road until the enemy was encoun- tered at Taylors Hole Creek. Early next morning the enemy, consist- ing of Rhetts brigade of~ South Carolina Heavy Artillery, was attacked and quickly dislodged from his ititrenchments. Our troops pressed on in pursuit and soon encountered the enemy in considerable force intrenched at the cross-roads south of Averasborough, his lines extend- ing from Cape Fear River to Black River. At this point the peninsula between the two rivers is narrowest. By the time proper dispositions were made to attack it was dark, and before daylight next morning, March 17, the enemy was gone, but was closely followed as far as Averasborough by one division of the Twentieth Corps. A map* illus- trating the operations at this point was forwarded to the Bureau of Engineers with my letter dated August 14, 1865. The pursuit to Averasborough developed the fact that the enemy had retreated in the direction of Smithfield, and our march was resumed along the main road hence to Goldsborough. Omi the morning of the 19th the Right Wing was within two miles of the iLeft. rthe enemy having kept at a safe, distance from us, anJ destroyed all bridges leading to the northward iii advance of the head of our column, it was inferred that he did not intend to offer any serious opposition to our march. The Right Wing was ordered to move from Lees Store direct to Golds- borough, and the Left Wing aimed to reach the same point via Coxs Bridge. When near Bentonville the enemy moving down the Sumith- field road suddenly attacked the Left Wing and gained a temporary advantag~ over its leading division, but the other three divisions, the cavalry, and the Michigan Engineers getting into position repulsed every subsequent attack of the enemy, all of which were of a very des- perate character, as the rebel commander well knew that daylight of next morning would bring with it the entire Right Wing; and such was the casethat part of the army marching nearly all night and advancing via the same road that the Left Wing was on, but from the opposite direction, reached the enemys rear, not having been stopped a moment by the oppositiou of the enemy. The rebel line was, of course, at once doubled back and a junction was, made between the See Plate CXXXIII, Map 1 of the Atlas Page 173 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 173 Right and Left Wings of our forces. The next day (March 20) the First Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, succeeded in getting within 200 yards of the bridge over Mill Creek, on the Smithfield road, and the Fifteenth Corps carried and held the entire line of the enemys skirmish pits in its front. Again the enemy ran away during the night. We pursued him two miles beyond Mill Creek. On the 14th of August I transmitted to the Engineer Bureau a map* which was intended to illustrate this battle. The trains meanwhile had never stopped their movement toward Goldsborongh, and the troops now following soon begun to pour into that town, already occupied by the troops of General Schofield, and the most wonderful campaign of the war was ended. Two pontoon bridges were built over the Neuse at Coxs, and two more near the county bridge, upon which everything crossed. Supplies of all kinds were very badly needed, and, amongst the rest, the canvas covers of the pontoon boats needed renewal. In the train attached to the Right Wing this was particularly the case, since many of the covers had been in the water an aggregate of sixty days. Atten- tion is especially directed to this train, because the material had been hauled from Nashville to Goldsborough upon wagons and had been in constant use, and yet the train was serviceable. Indeed, all that was required to make it perfectly efficient was a new set of canvas covers. Fully one-eighth of the whole army was without shoes, and nearly as badly off for the other articles of clothing, having now marched through the heart of the enemys country, over swamps and through forests, nearly if not quite 500 miles, occupying sixty days of time, during which they drew but little more than their sugar and coffee from the Government, gathering subsistence for themselves and animals from the enemys country. During our march from Atlanta to Savannah our line of march was parallel to the larger water-courses. On this it led at right angles to them all, and, as we expected, the difficulties encountered by us were greatly increased. Our line of march was chosen near the junction between the clay of the uplands with the sand of the lower country, which may be tolerably well defined by tracing a line through the lower rapids on each of the streams we crossed. It was hoped and expected that along this line we would find the best roads and the minimum amount of mud and swamp, while at the same time it passed through or iii the vicinity of the towns it was consid- ered important to strike. Our supposition was entirely correct, as proveim whenever we deflected much from this line, as at the crossing of the Catawba. There are but few of us who will not remember the labor, hardship, and exposure of the 23d, 24th, 25th, and 26th of Febru- ary. Still our route, at its best, involved an immense amount of bridg- ing of every kind known in active campaigning, besides some 400 miles of corduroying. The latter was a very simple affair where there were plenty of fence rails, but in their absence involved the severest labor. We found that two good fences furnished enough rails to corduroy a strip of road as long as one of them so as to make it passable. I esti- mate the amount of corduroying on this campaign at fully 100 miles to each army corps, making an aggregate of 400 miles. This is a moderate estimate. This kind of work was rarely done by the cavalry, since their trains moved with the infantry columns. The Right Wing built fifteen pontoon bridges, having an aggregate length ot 3,720 feet. The Left Wing built about 4,000 feet, thus making a total of 7,720 feet, or nearly one mile ~nd a half. The amount of trestle bridge built was not meas- See Plate CXXXIII, Map 2 of tl~e Atlg~ Page 174 174 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. ured, but it was not so great. In corduroying, the entire available force of the army was usedengineers, pioneers, and infantry. The pontooning was all done by engineer troops, according to the organiza- tion already given, and the building of trestle bridges by engineers and pioneers. Surveys have been made of the entire line of march of each army corps as well as the route pursned by the headquarters military division. The latter was as good a survey as could be made with odometer and prismatic compass, and was under charge of Capt. H. A. Ulifers, assistant adjutant-general volunteers, on engineer duty. In addition to the officers already named as on engineer duty, the fob lowing, belonging to the Coast Survey, were courteously placed under my orders by Mr. J. E. ilulgard, in charge of that work, viz: Messrs. Cleveland Rockwell, F. W. Dorr, W. Harding, and F. Platt. Owing to the rapidity of the march there was but little opportunity for the finer class of surveying which these gentlemen were capable of doing. They made plane table surveys of Pocotaligo and G-oldsborough, and were always ready to avail themselves of any chance that offered itself to make themselves useful. My thanks are due and freely tendered them. A map * upon a scale of 1.35O~OO, illustrating the march from Savan- nah to Goldsborough, is finished and a copy is now being made. The original will be transmitted to the Engineer Bureau as soon as this is done. In closing this section of this report, I desire to bear testimony to the good conduct and efficiency of the individuals composing the engineer organization, and above all my thanks are due to Colonel Reese. It is impossible in a paper like this to give an adequate idea of the value of his services. The hearty support he gave me in all these long campaigns will never be forgotten, and it affords me great pleasure to know of its recognition by the Government in the grade of brigadier-general by brevet. Fourth. The campaign from Goldsborough, N. C., to Raleigh, N. C., and the march from Raleigh to Washington City, from April 10, 1865, to 20th of May, 1865. Upon our arrival at Goldsborough our attention was devoted to refit- ting the army for a new campaign. The grand army was reorganized so that it consisted of three divisions of two army corps each, viz: The Army of the Tennessee, of the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps, being the Right Wing; the Army of the Ohio, Department of North Carolina, of the Tenth and Twenty-third Corps, being the Center, and the Army of Georgia, of the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, being the Left Wing. The engineer organization to correspond with this was: First. Staff: 0. M. Poe, captain Engineers, brevet colonel, U. S. Army, chief engineer Military Division of the Mississippi; C. B. Reese, captain Engineers, brevet colonel, U. S. Army, chief engineer Depart- ment and Army of the Tennessee; W. J. Twining, captain Engineers, brevet lieutenant-colonel, U. S. Army, chief engineer Department of North Carolina; W. Ludlow, first lieutenant Engineers, brevet major, U. S. Army, assistant to chief engineer Military Division of the Mis- sissippi; A. Stickney, first lieutenant Enginecis, brevet captain, U. S. Army, assistant to Colonel Reese~ A N. Damrell, first lieutenant Engineers, U. S. Army, assistant to Lieutenant-Colonel Twining. Second. Engineer troops and troops of the line on engineer duty: First Regiment Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, Col. J. B. Yates * Embodied in Plato CXVII of the Atlas. The original is on file in the office of the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army Page 175 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 175 commanding, unassigned (under direct orders of chief engineer); First Regiment Missouri Engineers, Lieut. Col. William Tweeddale, Right Wing pontoniers; detachment Fifteenth Regiment New York Vohin- teer Engineers, commanding, Center pontoniers; Engineer Battalion, Twenty-third Army Corps, Center engineers; Fifty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Lieut. Col. J. Moore command- ing, Left Wing pontoniers. Third. Pontoon trains: Feet of canvas. With Right Wing 600 With Center Wing 600 With Left Wing 800 Total 2,000 The organization of pioneers and tool trains was exactly as described heretofore, except that it was extended to the additional force that had joined us. I mention the organization of the engineer department because I found that with all the experience gained in the remarkable campaigns of Savannah and the Carolinas nothing better was suggested. It was found to be efficient, and it was so simple as to be readily handled. On the 10th of April the army nioved forward upon the road to Raleigh, meeting with feeble resistance. The usual corduroying and bridge building commenced at once, and four pontoon bridges were laid across the Neuse on the 11th. The city of Raleigh was entered without oppo- sition on the 13th, and in a day or two afterward followed the conven- tion between General Sherman and the rebel general Joseph E. John- ston. At the time of this convention we had pushed a pontoon train out to Avens Ford on Ca Fear River, pe and had built a bridge there. After the surrender of the rebel forces the forces composing the Right and Left Wings, as already described, commenced their march to Washington. The map, on a scale of 1.350000, prepared under my direction, shows the routes of march from Goldsborough to Raleigh, and thence to Washington, D. C.; also the points at which pontoon bridges were built. Of course there was no especial merit in anything done by the engineers during this march any more than there would be during any other march in a time of profound peace. Upon our arrival at Washington the pontoon trains, which had done us such efficient service, were turned over to an officer designated by the Engineer Bureau. One of them had been hauled on wagons from Nashville, Tenn., via Chattanooga, Atlanta, Savannah, and Raleigh to this city; and the other had in like manner been hauled over the same route from Chattanooga, and they had been in almost daily use for a year with one single renewal of the canvas covers, and were in excel- lent condition when delivered here. Can any facts go ftirther to show the value of the canvas train in compaigus of the character described? No wooden boats would have stood a moiety of the rough usage bestowed upon these. A few days hauling over the mountains of Georgia, or the corduroy roads of the Carolina swamps, would have used them up. As the result of experience I would suggest that a change be made in the wagons of the canvas pontoon traimi so that the wheels and axles shall conform to those in use in the quartermasters department, and the balance of the wood work be that proposed by Colonel Pettes. The reasons for this recommendation are given at some length in a former communication to the Bureau. I may mention that the bridge equ Page 176 176 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. page in charge of the Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteers was hauled all the way from Chattanooga to Washington on the ordinary quartermas- tets wagon, the convenience of which was constantly observed for 1,300 miles. Great attention should be paid, in organizing for future campaigns, to the matter of tool trains. Operating as we did in a sandy country, we found but little use for the pick and spade, but the ax and the short- handled shovel were in constant demand. Every army corps ought to be provided with one good engineer reg- iment, which ought to be capable of doing anything required at its hands. As examples of such regiments I will refer to the two which accompanied ns. I never called for workmen to work in wood, metal, or stone, but good mecliaiiics were at once forthcoming. Although the Fifty-eighth indiana Infantry was not enlisted as an engineer regiment, yet under the tuition of their efficient colonelafterward Bvt. Brig. Gen. George P. Buellthey became very valuable; indeed, for all pur- poses required at their hands, were as much so as the engineer regi- ments were, but the duties they were called upon to perform were hot so varied. The constant practice of our troops has made them tolera- bly good judges of what constitutes a good defensive line, and lightened the labors of the engineer staff very materially. I was frequently sur- prised by the admirable location of rifle trenches and the ingenious means adopted to put themselves under cover. The accuracy of the fire of sharpshooters on both sides led the troops to adopt the head- log in all their rifle trenches. This is a good, stout log, of hard wood if possible, which is cut as long as possible and laid upon blocks placed on the snperior slope a foot or two outside the interior crest. The blocks supporting the head-log raise it sufficiently from the parapet to allow the musket to pass through underneath it and steady aim to be taken, while the log covers the head from the enemys fire. Fre- quently the blocks are replaced by skids, which rest on the ground in rear of the trench, so that if the head-log~ is knocked off the parapet by artillery fire it rolls along these skids to the rear without injuring anybody. I examined many miles of these head-logs without find- ing any indication that their use had been otherwise than advantageous. I saw no evidence that a single man had been killed on either side by splinters thrown from them by artillery projectiles, or from logs thrown off the parapet by the same means. Recapitulation of work done by engineer troops, and troops end engineer direction, dur- ing the campaigns cocered by this report. Pontoon Trestle Road cor- Road Road What campaign. bridge bridge duroyed destroyed 8urveyed built. 1)Uilt. (esti- (esti- and mated). mated). mapped. Feet. Feet. Mile8. Miles. Miles. Atlanta campaign 3, 500 3, 330 100 26 98( Savannah campaign 3, 460 1, 700 60 240 1, 70C Goldsborongh campaign 7, 720 4, 000 400 120 2, 50( March to washington a 3,000 20 1, 60( Total 17, 680 9, 030 Total miles.. 3.35 1.7 580 380 6,78( aEstimated. All of which is respectfully submitted. 0. iXI. POE, ~1a.Zftail~t, U, ~, .~.7n~Iineer8, Brevet Brigadier. (Ier~eral, U. ~ Army Page 177 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 177 No. 6. Report of Bvt. iIfaj. Gen. William F. Barry, (A ~. Army, Chief of Artillery. EtDQRS. ARTILLERY, MILITARY Div. OF THE Mississippi, Goldsborough, N. C., ]lfarch 31, 1865. GENERAL: I have the honor to report the operations of the artillery of the armies under your command during the Carolina campaign of February and March, 1865. In consideration of the peculiarities of the campaign, involving long and rapid marches over bad roads and at an inclement season of the year, the same precautions which were so advantageously taken for your Savannah campaign of last autumn were again observed. The number of guns was reduced to one per 1,000 effective bayonets, and each artillery carriage was provided with eight draught animals. The whole number of field batteries was sixteen, comprising sixty- eight guns, which were distributed and of calibers as follows: 5 a ~ p ~ o.~ ~ a 0 0 ~ H Right Wing: Fifteenth Army Corps 4 10 4 18 Seventeenth Army Corps 4 10 14 Left Wing: Fourteenth Army Corps 8 8 1.6 Twentieth Army Corps 8 8 16 Cavalry Division 4 4 Total 4~ 30 34 68 Including the reserve supply, each gun was furnished with 350 rounds of ammunition. A careful and critical personal inspection, made a few days preceding our departure from Savannah, satisfied me that in all essentials the artillery was in excellent condition for any kind of work. The results fully justified these expectations. During the whole march the artillery supplied itself, unaided by infantry or cavalry, with provisions for its officers and men, forage for its animals, and to a great extent with fresh horses and mules captured in the country. A tabular statement is al)I)ended to this report, showing the extent to which this unusual artillery service was performed. No gun or artillery carriage of any description was abandoned, dis- abled, or at any time even a temporary impediment to the march of the infantry columnsa fact the more creditable to the artillery, since in many places the roads were of the worst possible description. Although tile nature of your operations did not, except at the battles of Averasborough aiid Bentonville, call for any general use of artillery, yet in support of skirmish lines, brushing away cavalry, and covering the crossings of several difficult and important rivers, it was advanta- geously used at the following-named tilnes and places, namely: January 20, 1865, Pocotahigo, Seventeenth Army Corps. January 28, 1865, Combahee, Fifteenth Army Corps. January 29, 1865, Robertsvihle, Twentieth Army Corps. February 1, 1865, Hickory Hill, Fifteenth Army Corps. February 2, 1865, Lawtonville, Twentieth Army Corps. Vebruary 2, 1865, Whi ppy Swamp, Seventeenth Army Corps~ R RYOL XLVII, PT Page 178 178 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA~ (CHAP. LIX. February 3, 1865, Store at Duck Creek, Fifteenth Army Corps. February 6, 1865, Little Salkehatchie, Fifteenth Army Corps. February 9, 1865, Biunakers Bridge, Seventeenth Army Corps. February 11, 1865, North Edisto, Seventeenth Army Corps. February 15, 1 ~65, Congaree Creek, Fifteenth Army Corps. February 16, 1865, Columbia, Fifteenth and Seventeenth Army Corps. February 17, 1865, Broad River, Fifteenth Army Corps. March 16, 1865, Little Rockfish Creek [Little Cohera?], Fifteenth Army Corps. At the battle of Averasborough, March 16, the batteries of the Twen- tieth Corps were promptly and judiciously posted by Major Reynolds, the chief of artillery of that corps, and by the precision and rapidity of their fire did most excellent service in dislodging the enemy from his intrenched line, and the consequent capture of three of his guns. At the battle of Bentonville, March 19, 20, and 21, it was the fortune of the artillery to play a more conspicuous part. The batteries of the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps were hotly engaged on the 19th, and after the first temporary advantage gained by the enemy, in which the iNineteenth Indiaiia Battery, not by any fault of its own, lost three of its guns (one of which was recaptured next day), they poured iu a fire so steady, rapid, and effective that all of the enemys frequently repeated assaults were successfully repulsed. On the 20th, and par- ticularly on the 21st, the batteries of the Fifteenth Corps lent most efficient aid in advancing our own lines, in repelling the enemys assaults, and in inflicting heavy loss npon him. Both of these fields of battle gave abundant proof of the precision of our artillery fire. The following tabular statements will exhibit the amounts of provi- sions and forage, and the number of animals captured by the unaided labors of the artillery, the casualties among officers, enlisted men, and animals, the expenditure of ammunition, and the number of guns lost by us and captured from the enemy: Provisions, animals, forage, ~c. By what batteries Flour. Corn- Bacon. Beef, Pota- Corn. Ha~ and Horses. Mules. procured. meal. & c. toes. foader. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pound8. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Twentieth Army 8, 000 10, 000 25, 000 50, 000 50, 000 350, 000 300, 000 96 602 Corps. Fourteenth Army 3, 000 5, 200 4, 360 8, 065 219, 920 91, 800 53 85 Corps. Fifteenth Army 4, 900 5, 700 23, 000 2, 300 37,440 499, 000 90, 000 50 63 Corps. Seventeenth Army 2, 000 3, 200 18, 000 218, 000 106, 000 50 33 Corps. Total 17, 900 24, 100 70, 360 60, 365 87, 440 1, 284, 920 587, 800 249 783 Casualties. Fourteenth Army Corps - Twentieth Army Corps - - Fifteenth Army Corps ... Seventeenth Army Corps - Cavalry Division Officers. Enlisted men. Horses. Mules. 5 b 5 0 .~ . . 5) u 0 0 . - u 0 u a ~ ~ 1 4 6 1 25 1 14 1 3 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 13...... 10 Total 1 7 27 19 35 Page 179 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 179 Expenditure oJ ammunition. Command. Rounds. Fourteenth Army Corps 1,007 Twentieth Army Corpz 832 Army of Tennessee 1, 66o Total 3 504 Guns captured and lost. Plme. Guns captured I Guns lost from enemy. by us. Columbia I Cheraw 25 Fayetteville r 26 Bentons 2 Averasborough Total 2 Of these all were serviceable, and about four-fifths were field guns of recent and approved pattern. If to the operations of your armies, the legitimate fruits of which they really are, be credited the guns captured at Charleston and Wilmington (excluding from the number of the latter those captured at Fort Fisher and the other forts at the mouth of Cape Fear River), tile total artil- lery captured during the past ten months by troops under your imme- diate command will exceed 700 guns. Throughout the campaign the ammunition, fuses, and primers proved unusually good and reliable, the only fault observed being sand cracks and insufficient bursting charges iu a few of the 20-pounder Parrott pro- jectiles, want of care in the screwing of the Bormaun fuse in 12-pounder projectiles, and insufficient bursting charges in many of the llotchkiss 3-inch shell and case-shot. Ammunition and fuses received from Saint Louis Arsenal appear to be more complained of (especially the fuses) than that received from other places. In conclusion I am gratified to be able to commend the officers and men for attention to their duties in preparation for the field, and for good conduct after entering it; for the details of which I respectfully invite attention to the sub-reports which will be laid before you. The services of the following-named officers give evidence of indus- try, intelligence, and gallant conduct, and entitle them to notice and reward, namely: Major Osborn, First New York Artillery, chief of artillery Army of the Tennessee; Major Reynolds, First New York Artillery, chief of artillery Twentieth Army Corps; Major Waterhouse, First Illinois Artiilery, chief of artillery Seventeenth Army Corps; Lieutenant- Colonel Ross, First Michigan Artillery, chief of artillery Fifteenth Army Corps; Major iloughtaling, First Illinois Artillery, chief of artillery Fourteenth Army Corps. I respectfully ask that each of these officers, who have also served faithfully and creditably through the Atlanta and Savannah cam- paigns, be recommended for promotion by brevet Page 180 180 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. The officers of my staff, Major Dickson, inspector of artillery; Cap- tain Marshall, assistant adjutant-general; Captain Merritt and Lieu- tenant Verplauck, aides-dc-camp, at all times performed cheerfully and well the duties with which they were charged. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM F. BARRY, Brevet Major- General, Chief of Artillery. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Commanding Military Division of the Mississippi. [Indorsement.] IIBQRs. MILITARY DIVISION OF TUE Mississippi, In the Field, Goldsborough, N. C., April 5, 1865. This interesting report of the artillery arm is forwarded, and IL cor- dially indorse all that General Barry states as to the efficiency of the artillery and the good care taken of horses and guns. Some substan- tial reward should be devised for artillery officers, who seem almost debarred promotion. W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. No. 7. Reports of Bvt. Col. Thomas G. Baylor, U. S. Army, Chief Ordnance Otilcer. IIDQRs. MILITARY DIVISION OF TUE MISSISSIPPI, ORDNANCE OFFICE, Goldsborough, N. C., April 7, 1865. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Comdg. Miil. Dir, of the Mississippi, Goldsborough, N. C.: SIR: I have the honor to inclose herewith a veport of all ordnance and ordnance stores captured from the enemy in the campaign com- mencing February 1, 1865, and ending March 23, 1865. All of these stores were thoroughly destroyed except two Blakely rifle guns, one 20-pounder Parrott, and one 12-pounder mountain howitzer, which were bronght along by the army as trophies. I inclose also a list of the expenditures of ammunition by the army during the campaign. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. G. BAYLOR, Captain of Ordnance and Bvt. Lient. Cot., U. S. Army, Chief of Ordnance, Military Division of the ]Ilississtppt. [Inclosure No. 1.] Inventory of ordnance and ordnance store8 captured in the city of Columbia, S. 0., Feb ruary 16 [17], 1865. Articles. Citadel. Magazine. Arsenal. Total. Ball cartridges (no caps) 580, 000 020, 000 1, 200, 000 Percussion caps 300, 000 100, 000 Rifle powder (kegs) pounds - - Cannon powder (kegs and boxes) do. - - Meal powder (kegs and boxes) do. - - 13,600 13,600 8,750 8,750 3,800 3,800 Total~powder .,2 ~6, 1~ Page 181 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Inventory of ordnance and ordnance stores, #c.Continued. Articles. Citadel. Magazine. Arsenal. Total. Caso-shot, fixed, 12-pounder gun Fuse-shell, fixed, 12-pounder gun Grape, 12-pounder gun Canister, fixed, 12-pounder gun Total 12-pounder gnu projectiles Shot, fixed, 6-pounder gun Case, fixed, 6-pounder gun Fuse-shell, fixed, 6-pounder gun Canister, fixed, 6-pounder gun Total 6-pounder projectiles Shot, fixed, 24-pounder gun Shell, fixed, 24-pounder gun Canister, fixed, 24-pounder gun Total 24-pounder projectiles Shell, fixed, 8-inch Shot and shell, not fixed, 8-inch Total 8-inch projectiles Shot and shell, not fixed, 10-inch Total artillery projectiles Yager muskets Palmetto rifles - . - Remington rifles Mississippi rifles U. S. muskets, caliber 69 Enfield rifled muskets Enfield rifles (short, sword bayonet) Austrian rifled muskets (old) Whitney rifles (old) Springfield rifled muskets Morse rifles (South Carolina) Total muskets and rifles, serviceable - Musket barrels and stocks, unfinished. - Pikes 6-pounder guns (bronze) 6-pounder guns (iron) Blakely guns (rifled, iron) James guns (rifled, bronze) 12-pounder mountain howitzers 3-inch gun (rifled, iron) 10-pounder gun (iron) 10-pounder gun (rifled, iron) -- . 18-pounder gun (rifled, iron) 18-pounder gun (re-enforced, iron) 4-inch rifled gun (iron) 4-inch mortars 1 (.10]-inch Coehorn (bronze) - Bronze guns (caliber lj inch) 2-pounder gun (bronze) Repeating battery (caliber 1 inch) Breech-loading gun (caliber 1~ inch) l0jyounder Parrotts found and destroyed by General Total guns Gun carriages Gun caissons Mountain howitzer caissons Forges Sponges and rammers . - - Blacksmith vises Anvils Artillery harness sets. - Naval cutlasses Artillery sabers Cavalry sabers (all kinds) - 64 183 210 460 148 183 216 460 148 1,007 1, 680 550 372 1, 250 112 120 114 2,280 1,680 510 372 1,250 3, 852 112 120 114 546 64 2,280 2, 344 1,120 1,120 9,069 960 500 100 200 1,740 1,200 60 400 4,000 10 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 1,000 20 11 8 400 Total cutlasses and sabers- ~ - 960 500 100 200 1,700 3,440 700 1,900 2,000 2,000 500 560 50 50 100 100 400 10, 210 (Armory.) 6, 000 6, 000 4,000 10 4 4 4 2 3~ 2 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 (1)epotand armory.) 1 1 1 2 43 2 4 9 4 10 14 3 3 1 2 125 1,125 20 11 301 18 175 175 220 220 2,100 2,700 3,095 Css~. LIX.] 18 Page 182 182 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Inventory of ordnance and ordnance stores, ~-c.Continued. Articles. Saber knots 700 Cavalry-pistol holsters pairs~. 100 Saber belts 800 Bayonet scabbards 4,000 Cartridge-boxes, caliber .54 2, 450 Cartridge-boxes, caliber .09 800 Cartridge-boxes, caliber .58 100 Cartridge-box plates 1, 500 Cartridge-box belts and plates 2, 500 Waist-belts 2, 900 Waistbelt plates 1,000 Ball screws 2, 000 Pistol-cartridge boxes 550 Shot-pouches (~nnners) 600 Knapsacks 600 Haversacks 900 Slow match ards 500 Ten-inch fuses 900 Vi~all tents 8 Wedge tents 50 Cartridge paper tons Citadel. Magazine. Arsenal. 600 500 Inventory of ordnance and ordnance stores captured by the Army of the Tennessee in Cheraw, S. 0., March 3, 18G5. CLASS I. Smooth-bore cannon.One 12-pounder smooth-bore (iron), one 12- pounder howitzer, one 24-pounder , one short howitzer (caliber 5k-inch), one smooth-bore gun (caliber 3~-iuch), five 12-pounder how- itzers (navy), six 6-ponnder smooth-bores (brass); total smooth-bores, sixteen. Rifled guns.Two 20-pounder Blakely rifles (caliber 3w-in ch), one 16-pounder Blakely rifle (caliber 3k-inch), two rifled guns (banded, caliber 3~ inch), two rifled guns (banded, caliber 3-inch, navy), two iRodman rifles (caliber 3-illch); total rifled guns, nine; total calinon, twenty-five. CLASS IT. Gun carriages.One 12-pounder smooth-bore carriage, one 12- pounder howitzer carriage, one 24-pounder howitzer carriage, one short howitzer carriage, one stnooth-bore gnu carriage (caliber 3k), two 20- pounder Blakely rifle carriages, one 16-pounder Blakely rifle carriage, two 3~-inch rifle carriages, two 3-inch rifle carriages (navy), two 3-inch IRodman rifle carriages, one 6-pounder carriage, one gun carriage with- out wheels; total gun carriages, sixteen. Field carriages.Twelve caissons complete, ten limbers, three bat- tery wagons without limbers, one limber carriage without chests. CLASS V. Ammunition.160 rounds 12-pounder howitzer (fixed), 753 rounds 12-pounder light Napoleon (fixed), 1,375 rounds 6-pounder smooth (fixed), 190 rounds 3~. inch rifle (fixed), 180 rounds 3-inch rifle (fixed), f~2 rounds Blakely rifle (fixed), 7 rounds 24-pounder howitzer (fixed), 40 rounds 6-pounder shell (fixed), 1,000 rounds 12~pounder shell (fixed); total rounds fixed ammunition, 3,797. Total. 700 100 800 4, 000 2,450 1,400 300 3, 500 2, 500 2, 900 3, 000 2,000 550 600 1, 100 900 500 900 8 50 2 Page 183 CiiAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 183 CLASS VI. Srnall-arms.2,345 Springfield muskets (caliber .69), 663 Austrian muskets (caliber .69), 33 Belgian muskets (caliber .69), 70 Eiifleld mus- kets (caliber .577), 8 U. S. rifles (caliber .58), 500 muskets (various kinds and calibers); total muskets and rifles, 3,619. Sabers.150 cavalry sabers and scabbards, 200 artillery sabers and scabbards; total sabers and scabbards, 350. Accouterments. 1,000 bayonet scabbards, 500 bayonet scabbards (saber); total bayonet scabbards, 1,500. CLAss VIII. Powder and cartridges.43,700 pounds cannon powder, 500 pounds rifle powder, 120 rounds 10-inch columbiad cartridges (blank), 30,000 rounds elongated ball cartridges, various calibers (thrown in ditches), 250 rounds Whitworth rifle cartridges, 25 signal rockets. Inventory of ordnance and ordnance stores captured in the city of Pay- etteville, N. C., by the Left Wing of the Army of Georgia on the march from Savannah, Ga., to Goldsborough, N. C., 1865. Cannon.Two 10-inch colunibiads, four 8-inch columbiads, two 42- pounder smooth-bores, two 4.6-inch rifle guns, two 8-inch siege howitzers, one 5.7- inch smooth-bore, four 6-pounder smooth-bores, one 12-pounder field howitzer, two 12-pounder smooth-bores (iron), one 12-pounder (brass), one 20-pounder Parrott, one 10-pounder Parrott, one Eprouvette mortar, two boat howitzers (navy); total cannon, twenty-six. Small-arms.2,028 muskets, 3,000 muskets (unfinished), 500 sabers (cavalry); total muskets, 5,028. Gun carriages 13 gun carriages, 5 gun carriages (unfinished), 5 gt~n carriages (for siege guns), 15 artillery wheels, 50 artillery wheels (unfin- ished); total gun carriages, twenty-three. Ammunition. Rounds Canister for siege howitzer - 100 24-pounder: Shell 64 Spherical case 206 Canister 16 32-pounder: Canister 52 12-pounder: Solid shot 48 Conical shell 249 Canister 12 6-pounder: Canister 119 Solid shot 21 Case-shot 330 Shell 22 000 Elongated ball cartridges (caliber .69) 070 Elongated ball cartridges (caliber .58) Powder pounds - 500 Infantry accouterments sets - 200 Machinery: Engines Boilers Planing machines 2 3 1~ Total ammunition 1,23 Page 184 184 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. ICMAP. LIE. iREMAiuCs~In addition to the ordnance and ordnance stores, machinery, & c., enumerated in this report, there was captured and destroyed by the Third Division, Fourteen th Army Corps, at the arse- nal in Fayetteville, N. C., a large quantity of tools, machinery, and materials. Battle of AverasboroughOne 12-pounder Napoleon gun, one 12- pounder howitzer, one 12-pounder mountain howitzer; total guns and howitzers, three. RECAPITULATION. Cannon, 97; gun-carriages, 48: caissons and limbers, 43; smal 1-arms, 18,857; cutlasses and sabers, 3,945; accouterments, 1,700; artillery ammunition, 14,105; cartridges, 1,238,440; powder (pounds), 70,850. llliscellaneous.Percussion caps, 100,000; musket barrels and stocks, unfinished, 6,000; pikes, 4,000; forges, 2; sponges and rammers, 1,125; blacksmith vises, 20; anvils, 11; artillery harness (sets), 38; saber knots, 700; cavalry-pistol holsters (pairs), 300; saber belts, 800; bayonet scabbards, 4,000; cartridge-boxes (caliber .54), 2,450; cartridge-boxes (caliber .69), 1,400; cartridge-boxes (caliber .58), 300; cartridge-box plates, 3,500; cartridgebox belts and plates, 2,500; waist-belts, 2,900; waist-belt plates, 3,000; ball screws, 2,000; pistol-cartridge boxes, 550; shot-ponches (gunners), 600; knapsacks, 1,100; haversacks, 900; slow match (yards). 500; 10-inch fuses, 900; wall tents, 8; wedge tents, 50; cartridge paper (tons), 20; signal rockets, 25; engines, 2; boilers, 3; planing machines, 1. T. G. BAYLOR, Captain of Ordnance and Bvt. Lieut. Col., U. S. Army, Chief of Ordnance, Military Division of the Mississmppm. [Inclosure No. 2.] Report of expenditures of ammunition in the carnpa.ign. from February 1, 1865, to March 13, 1865. ARTILLERY. - 20-pounder Parrott 12-pounder light gun 3-inch gun Total artillery ammunition Rounds. 111 1,621 2, 201 3, 933 SMALL-ARM. Elongated ball cartridges (caliber .574) Spencer rifle and carbine cartridges (caliber .52) Henry rifle cartridges Smith carbine cartridges (caliber .50) Sharps carbine cartridges (caliber .52) Burnside carbine cartridges (caliber .54) Colt army pistol (caliber .44) Colt navy pistol (caliber .36) 1, 223, 636 213, 448 38,654 45, 000 112, 000 56, 000 58, SOO 4, SOO Total small-arm ammunition 1, 742, 338 T. G. BAYLOR, Captain of Ordnwncc and Bvt. Lieut. CoL, U. S. Army, Chief of Ordnance, Military Division of the Mississmppm Page 185 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 185 FORT MONROE ARSENAL, VA., July 25, 1865. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, U. S. Army, Comdg. Mu. Div. of the Mississippi, Saint Louis, Mo.: SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of ordnance and ordnance stores surrendered by the Confederate Army commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, C. S. Army, at Greensborough, N. C., May, 1865, to Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, commanding the U. S. forces. Lieutenant Myers. chief of ordnance, Depaitment of North Carolina, who was charged with the reception of these stores, reports as follows: The number of small arms turned in is exceedingly small. This is accounted for by the utterly disorganized condition in which the troops were found. The arms are ~cattere(l throughout the country between Danville, Greensborough, Salisbury, and Charlotte, and some of them are to be found in almost every house. Orders have been given to have them collected as rapidly as possible. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. G. BAYLOR, Captain of Ordnance and Bvt. Cot., U. S. Army, Commanding. [Ine1o~ure.] The following is a list of ordnance and ordnance stores found at Greensborongh, N. C.: Guns, U. S. manufacture.Fifteen 12-pounder brass guns (howitzer), one 6-pounder gun (old iron), one 12-pounder mountain howitzer (brass), five 12-pounder Napoleon guns, five 3-inch wrought-iron guns, model 1861. (Rodman), two Wiard guns (steel, caliber 3.67), five 6-pounder guns (brass). Guns, rebel manufacture.Sixty-eight light 12-pounder guns (brass), eleven 12-pounder howitzers (brass), three lO-ponmider Parrott rifle guns (iron), three 3-inch rifles (cast-iron), two 20-pounder Parrott rifles (iron), seven 6-pounder guns (brass, smooth-bore), three 6-pounder guns (iron, smooth-bore), three 12-pounder howitzers (iron), one Brooke rifle (cali- ber 3.67). Guns, foreign manufacture.Two 10-pounder Whitworth rifles, two Blakely guns (caliber 4.62). Gun carriages, U. S. m anufacturc.3 for 12-pounder howitzers, 1 for 6-pounder gun, 1 for 12 pounder mountain howitzer, 5 for 12-pounder Napoleon gun, 3 for 3-inch rifle gun, 2 for Wiard gun. Gun carriages, rebel manufacture.26 for 12-pounder howitzer, 16 for 6-pounder gull, 5 for 3-inch rifle gun, 68 for light 12-pounder gun, 3 for 10-pounder Parrott gun (iron), 2 for 20-pounder Parrott gun (iron). Artillery ammunition.144 rounds shell (12-ponuder fixed), 136 rounds shot (12-pounder fixed), 32 rounds cannister (12-pounder fixed), 16 rounds shell (20-pounder fixed), 600 pounds cannon powder. Muskets and rifles.2,342 Springfield rifle muskets (caliber .58), 4,526 Enfield rifle muskets (caliber .577), 319 Austrian life muskets (caliber .58), 932 Harpers Ferry rifle muskets (caliber .58), 300 U. S. muskets (caliber .69attached to percussion), 2 Sharps carbines (caliber .52), 3 Burnside carbines (caliber .54). Sabers.130 cavalry sabers. Accouterments for smalt-arms.980 sets equipments (infantry), 988 cartridge-boxes (infantry) (extra), 11 cartridge~boxes (cavalry,, 1,086 bayonet scabbards (extra), 798 cap-poaches (extra). Cartridges for small-arms.34 1, ~00 rounds elongated ball cartridges (caliber .58), 12,000 rounds elongated ball cartridges (~aliber .54), 4,000 rounds buck and ball cartridges (caliber .69), 6,000 rounds cartridges for Sharps rifle (caliber .52), 500,000 percussion caps Page 186 186 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. fCHAP, LIX. Artillery harness.980 sets of harness and traces, 800 collars, 112 saddles, 12 bridles. Miscellaneous stores.12,500 pounds sulphur, 37,000 pounds saltpeter. In addition to the above there has been received: At Charlotte, IV. 0.Two brass guns (caliber not given). At Salisbury, N. 0.Three 12-pounder Napoleon gnns (mounted), three 12-pounder Napoleon gnus (dismounted and broken), six 10- pounder smooth-bore guns (steel)four with carriages, no limbers, and two without carriages. At Jamestown, N. 0.Two 12-pounder guns (heavy), two Napoleon guns, one 6-pounder gun (iron), one 6-pounder gun (bronze), one Dali- gren boat howitzer, one 12-pounder howitzer (iron). At Hillsborough, N. 0.One 20-pounder Parrott gun; two 10-pounder Parrott guns (trunnions broken); one 10-pounder Parrott gun (navy); two 3-inch rifled guns (cast-iron, trunnious broken, rebel mannfacture); one 12-pounder howitzer (United States). RECAPITULATION. Articles. Manufacture. 0 . 0 ~ a a -- a a o ~ a 0 a -~ 1:~ a 0 ~ a a 0 a a ~ ~~I2 0~ 101 4 120 - - -. Guna (field and siege) 14 Gun carriages (field and 15 siege). Artillery harness sets. - Ammunition, fixed (field and siege). rounds. Small-arms cartridges (small-arms) rounds. Powder pounds Percussion caps Bridles (artillery) collars (artillery) Saddles (artillery) Sulphur pounds Saltpeter do Sabers (cavalry) 29 4 32 0 u -~ ~ 0 a ,~ .i~ -~ ~, a a ~ 0 a 0 ~ a ~ .s~ ~ no 0 2,342 4,526 119 912 300 Total. 168 139 980 328 8,424 363, 500 600 500,000 12 800 112 12,500 37, 000 130 T. G. BAYLOR, Captain of Ordnance and Brevet Colonel, U. ASr. Army. No. 8. Report of Surg. John Moore, U. S. Army, Medical Director. IIDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, Coldsborough, N. 0., April 9, 1865. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following brief report of that part of the campaign in the Carolinas pertaining to the medical department: Prior to leaving Savannah the army had been replenished with one months supplies of medicines and hospital stores. These supplies were drawn from the purveyor for the Department of the South at Hilto Page 187 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 187 Head, S. C., to whom they had been sent for this army. Soon after arriving in Savannah corps hospitals were established for the reception of such sick or disabled men as were then in the army as well as for receiving all such cases as would be unable to undergo the hardships of a severe campaign when the time came for taking the field. The army was composed of the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Twentieth Corps and the Third Cavalry Division, making an aggregate of about 65,000 men. The several corps left Savannah at various dates from the 15th to the 22d of January. Before marching they were disencumbered of all men not supposed to be able to endure active duty iu the field, these sick or disabled men being placed in their respective corps hos- pitals. A sufficient number of medical officers and hospital attendants had been detached and ordered to the duty of taking care of all left in the hospitals. Before entering Savannah about 200 wounded men, eighty of whom had been carried in ambulances from the vicinity of Macon, had been sent on a hospital steamer to the hospitals at Hilton Head. The Right Wing, under command of General Howard, began the march from Pocotaligo, S. C., on the 1st day of February. These troops had been encamped for two weeks in low marshes, and it was again found necessary to disencumber the two corpsFifteenth and Seventeenthforming this wing of the army of about 200 sick, who were sent to hospitals in Beaufort, S. C. At about the same date the two corpsFourteenth and Twentiethforming the Left Wing, under General Slocum, began the march from two points about thirty miles apart on the north side of the Savannah River. To facilitate the progress of the army the four corps marched by as many different roads. By far the most serious obstacle encountered during the first ten days was the bad condition of the roads. The face of the country was intersected with innumerable streams, spreading over a wide extent of bottom, through which the streams flowed in numerous chan- nels, with intervening marshes impracticable for roads except by con- tinuous corduroy and bridging. To do this work and to extricate wagons and artillery from mire great numbers of the men were wading through water and mud from morning until night. The roads through this part of the State would have been through fens and marshes, only to be crossed on causeways even in dry weather and without opposition, but several days heavy rain so swelled the streams as to cover the whole face ot the country with water, so that the marching columns were almost constantly in water, often knee deep. On the 2d of February the enemy disputed the crossing of the Sal- kehatchie River at Rivers Bridge. After a sharp skirmish a crossing was effected, with a loss of 16 killed and 85 wounded. The wounded from this affair were sent back to Beaufort. This loss occurred in Gen- eral Mowers division of the Seventeenth Corps. After this there was no other considerable skirmish until arrival of the Right Wing at Con- garee Creek, near Columbia. The crossing was opposed by cavalry under Wade Hampton, but the crossing was soon effected, with a loss of 5 killed and 14 wounded. Two days afterward the army entered Columbia. Up to this period the Left Wing had encountered no opposi- tion. The cavalry, under General Kilpatrick, had a severe skirmish at Aiken, a point on the railroad about twenty miles east of Augusta, but I have not received a report of the casualties. After a rest of two days in Columbia the army resumed its march, taking roads leading to the north, and in two days reached Winusborough. The following day a march of near twenty miles was made to the crossing of the Catawba River at Rocky Mount. This was by the Left Wing; the Right Win Page 188 188 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA.. [CHAP. LIX. crossed the river about twelve miles lower. At this point the river is called the Wateree. The country passed over from Columbia to the Wateree, a distance of near fifty miles, was high and rolling, with occasional outcroppings of the granite formation, a more fertile region and better cultivated than any passed over in South Carolina. Owing to a rapid rise iu the Wateree a delay of four or five days occurred before the army was entirely across. From this point the march was in the directiou of Cheraw, S. C., and Fayetteville, N. C. These places were both taken with very trifling loss. A halt of two (lays was made at Fayetteville, during which about 300 men sick and a few wounded were sent on river transports to Wilmington. The Cape Fear River was crossed on pontoon bridges, and the march resumed in the general direction of Raleigh and Goldsborough, the latter being the objective point. On the evening of March 15 Kilpatrick came in contact with the enemy on the Fayetteville and Raleigh road near Averasboroagh. On the 10th they were found posted behind intrenchments, and in dis- lodging them the Twentieth Corps and cavalry division lost about 400 in wounded. They were promptly removed from the field and two or three adjacent houses and sheds nsed for hospitals. It was raining heavily during the greater part of the day. The enemy retired in the direction of Smithfield, and our march was resumed the following day to the eastward on roads leading in the direction of Goldsborough. On the 19th of March a fierce attack was made by the whole rebel force, under General Joe Johnston, upon the advance and flank of the marching column of the Left Wing. The Fourteenth Corps, having the advance, was compelled to fall back a short distance until the Twen- tieth Army Corps came up, when a line of battle was formed and tem- porary defenses thrown up. Two or three determined assaults by the enemy were made, but were successfully repelled. The ground was held that night by our troops, and on the 20th the Fifteenth and Sev- enteenth Corps were marched back to their assistance. Some severe fighting and heavy skirmishing occurred during the afternoon and heavy firing kept up until late at night. On the following morning it was found that the enemy had evacuated his intrenchments and retreated in the direction of Raleigh, abandoning his hospitals. Our loss, according to the hospital reports, during the two days was 9 officers and 145 men killed and 51 officers and 851 men wounded in the Left Wing. In the Right Wing, 2 officers and 35 men killed and 12 officers and 289 men wounded, making a total of 191 killed and 1,108 wounded. The wounded were well cared for in hospitals erected about half a mile in rear of the front or line of battle. On the 19th they came under fire and had to be removed. Although this battle occurred nearly at the close of a long marchof two months duration, without an opportunity of replenishing suppliesthere was no lack of any article essential to the comfort of the wounded. Most of those wounded on the 19th were made as comfortable as possible in wagons and moved on the 20th to the vicinity of the Neuse River, opposite (loldsborough, a distance of about twenty-five miles. Army wagons were used in con- sequence of a scarcity of ambulances. About 12 oclock on the 21st the army renewed the march toward Goldsborough, and entered that place on the 23d and 24th. All the wounded and sick were comfort- ably placed on bunks before evening of the 25th. As far as the number of tents would allow, they were placed under canvas in the opeii country around the town and the remainder placed in houses selected in town. They have done remarkably well. Supplies were rapidly brought up from New Berne, and the men before being wounded were in a vigorou Page 189 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 189 state of health, very favorable to rapid recovery from wounds. From this point all have been or will be sent to New Berne, where they will have good hospital accommodations until they can be sent North. The duration of this campaign has been about sixty days; the dis- tance marched about 450 miles. Forty-eight days were spent in act- ual marching, and the average, notwithstanding bad roads and the necessity of bridging most of the streams, has been about ten miles. Some of the corps made on emergencies as much as twenty-five miles, in a day. No part of the regular ration was issued on the campaign except sugar, coffee, and salt; everything else was obtained from the country by regularly detailed foragers. A great part of the march was through a region sparsely settled, an unbroken flat and sandy region, yielding little in return to the farmer. But our foraging parties would go to distances of five or tell miles from the road, and a~lways returned loaded with bacon, poultry, and flour or meal. The people of the country soon discovered that when our soldiers brought together every- thing that could be used in our army that there was a very consid- erable supply where they supposed nothing could be found. Very great sagacity was shown by our soldiers in discovering provisions and other articles hidden in the earth. Of course, such a march as this, with two or three weeks continuous rain, over a country inter- spersed with swamps and widespread marshes, with an unusual num- ber of broad and difficult rivers to be crossed, and a watchful enemy ready to give annoyance at every available opportunity, could not be accomplished without munch hardship, and determined and patient endurance on the part of the men; but that this has not injured them is shown by the very small number of sick. The average percentage of sick during the campaign, in an army of 65,000 men, has been a frac- tion over 2 per cent; unquestionably much less than if they had been lying quietly in garrison. The open air, freedom from drunkenness and other vices inseparable from garrison life, but most of all the nov- elty and excitement of an active campaign on which every man knows that important results depends, are among the causes of better health of the men in the field; and again the variety and abundance of food and possibly the irregular and predatory method of obtaining it, may have something to do with their better sanitary condition; and lastly, but not least influential, is being led by a general in whom they have unlimited confidence. On the march the system of division hospitals was kept up and found to work well. All men from the regiments requiring hospital treatment were sent to the hospital of the division at the morning sick call, and were taken under charge of the surgeons in charge who remain permanently with the hospital. The wagons and ambulances of the division train move together, and in the evening the commander of the division indicates the place for encamping the hos- pital, and the surgeon in charge, with his ambulance men and attend- ants, sees to the prompt pitching of the tents and the removal of the sick or wonuded from the ambulances and that they are fed and made comfortable. This is a complete organization, and secures more comfort to those in hospital without the trouble of making daily details from the regiments for pitching hospital tents and having them in the way of those who are well. The hospital attendants on the march do the foraging for their hospital. After the two last battles some inconvenience was felt, owing to the deficiency of ambulances. Most of those in use in this army were supplied during the first year of the war and are worn out. One humidred new ones have been received here. No insta~nce of any serious neglect of duty on the part of th Page 190 190 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CRAP. LIX. medical officers has come to my knowledge, but on the contrary they have been faithful and zealous in the performance of duty, and the wounded have been promptly removed from the field to the hospitals. The new system of ambulance organization has been more or less com- pletely carried into effect in all the corps and has worked well. The character of the wounds in the cases of those brought to the hospitals was of an unusually grave character, much of the firing being at short range. Of the 1,368 wounded brought to the hospitals 131 died within forty-eight hours. There were eighty-eight capital amputations in cases brought to the hospitals from the battles of the 16th and 19th of March. A number of these, in the Twentieth Corps, were carried in ambulances over very rough roads the day following the battle, and yet, when I saw them a few days ago at the hospital tents in an opeu field, I think I have never seen so many men with amputations doing so well in the most elaborately arranged hospital. Every years expe- rience tends to prove the advantage of treating wounded men in tents, where they can enjoy the ventilation almost of the open air. The San- itary Commission was prompt in furnishing many luxuries to the hos- pitals which they had no other means of obtaining. The subjoined tabular statement will give a summary of sickness, casualties, & c.: Strength of command, 65,000; average daily number of sick, 1,520; total number wounded, 1,368; died from wounds, 130; sent to rear, 685; total number wounded and sick on arrival at Goldsborough (approx- imate), 2,888. Those in the above table reported as sent to the rear were sent from Fayetteville to Wilmington, except the wounded from Rivers Bridge, who were sent to Beaufort. As far as I have been informed there is no case of a sick or wounded man being left on the way. When the army cast loose from everything in the rear on the campaign from Atlanta to Savannah, probably one of the gravest objec- tions to it in the minds of both officers and men was the dread of being left, in case of sickness or wound, in the hands of their enemies. But on neither that campaign nor this one has this fear been realized, except in the case of two men from the Right Wing, who had compound fractures of the thigh and were left in friendly hands in Georgia. In short, the facility with which an army can subsist in all the settled portions of the Confederacy, while at the same time destroying the food and forage indispensable to the support of its armies, has demonstrated the feasibility of a mode of warfare that six months ago was deemed chimerical and hazardous, and undoubtedly has had an important influ- ence in bringing the war to its present cheerful aspect. I have the honor to be, very respectfiifly, your obedient servant, JNO. MOORE Surgeon, U. S. Army, iiled. Dir. Mit. Div. of the Missis~ijppi. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Gommanding Military Division of the Mississippi. [Indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS DIVISION Mi~~i~sippi, Goldsborough, N. 0., April 10, 1865. I invite special attention to this very interesting report of Surgeon Moore, U. S. Army, who has been with the army as medical director since the beginning of the campaign. He confirms by his experience and judgment what I know to be the case, that armies may operate in the Southern States the whole year round. The health, spirit, and tone of the men are always bettcr in motion than when still. I also cal Page 191 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 191 attention to the figures of Surgeon Moore. The number of wounded men is much less thait the aggregate reported by the colonels of regi- ments, who naturally report slight wounds that do not come to the knowledge of surgeons, to make the best showing of hard fighting. I cheerfully bear testimony to the skill and professional merits of the medical officers with this army. Quiet, industrious, and most skillful, they attend the wounded almost on the skirmish line, move them to the field hospitals, and afterward transport them with a care that entitles them to all honor. W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General. No. 9. Reports of ]IIaj. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Tennessee, or Right Wing. HnQus. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississippi, In the Field, Goldsborough, N. C., April 9, 18G5. Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff, Washington: GENERAL: I now have the honor to send herewith the report of Maj. Gen. 0. 0. Howard, commanding Right Wing, with those of his two corps commanders, Gellerals Logan and Blair. These are all full and clear, with full statistical tables. I indorse the recommendations made by them for the well-earned promotions of the officers therein named. This completes the official reports of the campaign from Savan- nah to Goldsborough, and if they fail in the proper details and arrangement of parts you must attribute it to the fact that every moment of our time since reaching Goldsborough has been employed in preparation for what is to follow. To-morrow at (laybreak the whole army will be in motion on Raleigh. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Goldsborough, N. C., April 1, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of oper- atioiis of the Army of the Tennessee, constituting the Right Wing of General Shermans army, for the campaign from Savannah, Ga., to Go]dsborongh, N. C. : * On the 1st day of January of this year the general-in-chief, Major- General Sherman, laid before me the plan that he proposed for the com- ing campaign. The part assigned to me contemplated the moving of a whole or a part of the Right Wing to Beaufort, S. C., to occupy Poco- taligo by the 15th of January, while the Left Wing crossed the Savan- nah at Sisters Ferry and moved to Robertsville. I expressed my fear that it would be impossible to transport my whole force in the time required, whereupoii the general decided that one corps would be sufficient, and that the rest could cross the Savannah and form a junc- tioii with me at Pocotaligo after I had occupied that place. With this understanding Special Field Orders, No. 1, were issued from your head- quarters. I set about the work at once, procuring assistance in the * For maps accompanying this report, see Plate LXXVI, map 3; Plate LXX1X, maps 2 and 3; Plate CXX, map 2, of the Atlas Page 192 192 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [Cnir. LIX. way of transportation from the Department of the South, Major-Gen- eral Foster commanding, and also from the naval force under Admiral Dahlgren, operating at that time in the vicinity of Savannah. The army boats were promptly and cheerfully furnished, and, being adapted to transporting both troops and army material, had to be relied on mainly. Admiral Dahlgren and his officers, however, promptly fur- nished what gun-boats they could to ferry over the troops. General Blair, commanding Seventeenth Corps, commenced moving his corps on the 3d of Jannary. By the 11th the entire Seventeenth Army Corps and nearly one division of the Fifteenth Corps had arrived at Beaufort Island, whereupon Special Field Orders, No. 9, from these headqnarters, was issued. The execution of this order was subse- qently postponed one day, owing to the delay in the arrival of a part of the transportation and the bridge train. My report to your head- quarters from the field near Pocotahigo is as follows: NEAR PocoTALIGO, S. C., January 14, 1865CoO p. m. Maj. G~n. W. T. SHERMAN: GENERAL: The Seventeenth Corps, folidwed by one brigade of the Fifteenth, crossed Whale Branch at Port Royal Ferry at daylight this morning. The bridge had been constructed during the night, 600 feet in length, under the cover of a small force that crossed in boats and intrenched. General Blair met the enemy in some force occupying a remarkably strong position about one mile to the north of Gar- dens Corners. Our bridge was so poor, ou account of the rotten canvas, that many delays occurred in crossing and closing up, but after the troops were well in hand and the enemys position reconnoitered General Leggett succeeded in turning the enemys left flank, when he abandoned his position and fled. The force was quite small, probably not exceeding a regiment, with two pieces of artillery. It was only troublesome on account of the swamp in front of its position. His next fortified position in front of Stony Creek was turned in like manner, so that the enemy did not attempt to make a stand, though along the direct route the works are remark- ably complete. We pushed on to Pocotaligo, reaching the vicinity just at sundown. The military position there we found similar to every other in this countrya swamp in front, with strong works constructed. The skirmish line developed a strong mus- ketry fire that caused us the loss to the service of several valuable men. Our skir- mish line pressed up close and developed five or six pieces of artillery, if not more. It was too late in the day for inc to attempt the works. General Blair will confront them to-morrow with one division strongly intrenched, while he makes a consider- able detour with the other two to turn the l)osition. I have requested General Fos- ter to replace my canvas boats as soon as possible. Lieutenant Chandler, General Leggetts picket officer, was killed this evening, and Captain Kellogg, doing the same duty on General G. A. Smiths staff, was seriously wounded, at Gardens Corners. Eight or ten will probably cover the casualties of the day. ~. ~. HOWARD, Major- General. The enemy did not continue long enough to necessitate the contem- plated attack. He kept up a heavy artillery fire until dark. At day- break we found he had abandoned his works and retreated. I felt obliged to him, for his position was a hard one to carry, being thoroughly fortified. The main fort had twenty-four embrasures, and the marsh in front of the works was impassable. Three pieces of artillery were afterward found buried near Gardens Corners. The enemy withdrew h~s infantry across the Salkehatchie and posted it to defend the rail- road bridge. General Blair was strongly posted across the railroad and covering the approaches to Pocotahigo. He reconiioitered toward Salkehatchie, opened communication with General Fosters troops at Coosawhatchie, felt forward toward Robertsville, hoping to communi- cate with General Slocum, and back along the Union Causeway toward Savannah- The brigade of the Fifteenth Army Corps was stationed a Page 193 CHAr. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 193 Gardens Corners, holding the cross-roads and watching the crossings of the Combahee. I omitted to state in connection with the foregoing operations that the enemy destroyed three bridges fifty or sixty feet in length, and partially destroyed a fourth in our front, between Gardens Corners and Pocotaligo. They were quickly repaired by using aban- doned buildings. The first stage in the operations assigned to me was now accomplished, but from the difficulty of getting supplies through the obstructions at Savannah, and from the tremendous freshet that followed several days of heavy rain, considerable delay was occasioned in other parts of the proposed plan. Major-General Logan continued to transport the troops of his command by water until the 17th of Jan- uary, when he was directed to march what might be left at Savannah by the Union Causeway. A portion of one division, General John E. Smiths, succeeded in getting through by that route. The water soon flooded the road and it became perfectly impassable; therefore the gen- eral continued to embark his command for Beaufort, S. C., till he had ferried over everything except his Fourth Division, under General Corse. Major-General Foster had replaced my bridge at Port Royal Ferry. General Blair had established a depot on the Pocotaligo, about seven miles from the railroad station, which light-draught vessels were able to reach at high water. By the 28th of January the Fifteenth Corps, three divisions being near Gardens Corners and Port Royal Ferry, with the Seventeenth Corps amid the bridge train, was prepared to move forward in accord- ance with Special Field Orders, No. 19, from your headquarters, except- ing that General Corse had been instructed to follow the Left Wing, to form a junction with us as soon as an opportunity should offer. In compliance with a letter of instructions from your headquarters my Special Field Orders, No. 25, dated January 28, were issued, and the movements of the 29th and 30th followed. General Logan encamped near MePhersouville, General Blair abreast of him, on the river road, reconnoitering to.Tenan ts Branch. A division ot General Fosters, under General Hatch, occupied the position near Pocotaligo and reconnoitered toward the Salkehatcliie bridge. The command remained substantially in the same position during the 31st of January, excepting that one division of the Seventeenth Corps, under Brigadier-General Force, made a demonstration of crossing the Salkehatchie in the direction of our right rear. He effected this by cutting wood, building fires, displaying a large skirmish line, the beating of drains, & c. The enemy opposed a considerable force of infantry and artillery. The general-in-chief having become satisfied that the Left Wing was crossing the Savannah, permitted us to resumne the march February 1. I moved General Blair to Whippy Swamp and General Logan to the vicinity of Hickory Hill Post-Office. The former encountered the ene- mys cavalry soon after leaving camp amid skirmished all day. Whippy Swamp Creek was reached about 1 p. in. General Blair found the road obstructed with felled trees and five small bridges destroyed. The obstructions were quickly cleared away, bridges built, the causeway corduroyed in part, and one division (Mowers) moved across to the other side. Lient. William N. Taylor, assistant to my chief of artillery, was severely wounded in the skirmish at the creek. The enemys force was estimated at 600 cavalry, that took the direction of Whippy Swamp Post-Office, and some forty or fifty more who defended the cross- ing in General Blairs front. General Logan also met the enemys cavalry and cleared away consider. able obstructions. At points his road was filled with trees continu. 13 R RVOL XLVII, PT Page 194 194 OPERATIONS IN N. 0., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [ClIM~. LIX. ously for five or six miles. Our men made short work of clearing away these obstacles, going at it joyously and declaring that they can remove them quicker than the rebels can make them. The next day General Blair crossed one of his remaining divisions over Whippy Swamp and sent the other (General Forces) to a cross ing higher up, opposite Angleys Post-Office. General Mower had the advance of the right column. On reaching the road leading to Brox- tons Bridge he made a reconnaissance in torce, developed a long skir- mish line, a battery of artillery, and breast-works. The bridge over the Salkehatchie at this pointwas acontinuous one andthoroughlydestroyed. Leaving a regiment at this point to make a diversion, Mower pushed on rapidly to Rivers Bridge, five miles above, hindered the enemy from destroying it, but was stopped by a furious discharge of musketry and artillery bearing on the narrow causeway-approach and all from behind works constructed on a bluff that was enough higher than the cause- way to make the fire effective. Here the brave and excellent Colonel Swayne, of the Forty-third Ohio, lost a leg, and five or six other casu- alities occurred. During part of the day the Ninth Illinois Mounted Infantry led the skirmishers and made several gallant charges against the enemys cavalry, in one of which Lieutenant-Colonel Kirby, of Gen- eral Blairs staff was wounded. The next day General Blair continued his operations. General Giles A. Smiths division was sent two miles below and crossed the Salke- hatchie with its immense swamp and numerous branches by wading, while Mower confronted the works directly and cut two infantry road- ways a mile and a half in length to enable him to turn the enemy to the north. Here the officers and men worked all day in the water and mud, often waist deep. Just at dark two of Mowers brigades had overcome all obstacles and got upon the enemys right flank beyond his intrenchments. He had his rear open and succeeded in escaping with the exception of a few prisoners (about thirty reported). General Smith skirmished heavily with a force toward his right and prevented any assistance to the enemy from Broxtons Bridge. I visited the field just after General Mower had carried the works. The position was as good for defense as any I ever saw, with abatis or slashing covering its front, and that undescribable river with its swamp to discourage every approach. General Blairs loss in this action was 10 or 12 killed and about 10 wounded. Enemys loss, some 20 killed and 150 wonuded. Correspondent to General Blairs movement General Logan was to have reached Angleys Post-Office, but the general-in-chief held him back to enable the movement of the Left Wing to be co-operative, so that his head of column only reached that point on the evening of the 3d of February. The same day General Force closed up to Rivers Bridge. On the 4th General Logan moved two divisions to Bufords Bridge and closed up the remainder of his column to Angleys Post- Office. He only reported skirmishing with enemy~ cavalry, heavy roads sometimes obstructed and always to be corduroyed through the swamps and low ground. Bufords Bridge (or bridges, as the river has some fifteen or more channels at this point) afforded a military position of equal difficulty with that at Rivers, but the enemy abandoned it as soon as we broke through below. Great pains were taken to organize regular and efficient foraging parties for each brigade, battery, & c. They were permitted to mount themselves and required to bring in horses, niu.les, cattle, and all kind Page 195 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 195 of food for men and animals. They were, however, prohibited by the most stringent instructions from disturbing the private houses and taking such things as money, jewelry, watches, and other private prop- erty that the imperative necessity of the army did not demand. The inhabitants had cleared away nearly all the produce of the country west of the Salkehatchie. As soon as we had broken this line an abundant su~)ply was open to us. The people were terrified at the extravagant reports regarding us, and buried everything that they could of value. The soldiers became very expert in discovering and exhuming these v~iuables, and always regarded them as their legiti- mate prize captures. In spite of every precaution to check it the sys- tem of foraging ol)erated to loosen the restraints of discipline, and many acts were committed that every right-minded officer deprecates. On Sunday (the 5th of February) my command SiiflJ)ly crossed the river at Rivers and Bufords Bridges, preparatory to advance. The 6th both corps moved to the Little Salkehatchie. General Logan found the enemy in some force at his crossing near T)uncans.vihle, but soon dislodged him and theu rebuilt the bridge, 100 feet in length. General Blair did the same at the Cowpeii Ford, constructing bridges to the extent of 260 feet. During the 7th both corps reached the Augusta and Charleston Railroad, the Fifteenth at Bainberg and the Seven- teenth about fbur miles to the east of Midway. The Seventeenth was hindered en route by barricades, felled trees, and the bridges which were destroyed across Lemon Swamp. Both corps had considerable bad road to corduroy. The road was made worse by a heavy rain all day that had commenced the night before. On arrival at the railroad reconnaissances were made to the several brido-es across the Edisto. Holmans Bridge, Binnakers, Cannons, the railroad bridge, and~ Walkers were severally destroyed by the enemy on the approach of our forces. The 8th was spent iii 4estroying the railroad. The Seven- teenth Corps destroyed from the Edisto toward Bamberg to a point about half-way between that place and Midway, atid the Fifteenth Corps from that point on to Blackville; whole distance about twenty- four miles. The ties were all burned and the rails for the most part twisted. At this l)oint General Logans Fourth l)ivision, under General Corse, formed a junction with him. The general-in-chief at this time encamped with the Fifteenth Corps, near Lowrys Station, and there issued his Special Field Orders~ No. 25, that required me to move on Oran geburg. Thursday, February 9, General Blair moved his command to the vicinity of Binnakers Bridge, his head of column reaching that place about 12 m. As soon as our troops appeared the enemy opened from an intrenched position on the other side of the river with artillery and musketry. General Mower, who had the advance, immediately con- structed a raft, and sending over a few memi secured a lodgnmeut on the other bank. By 6 p. m. he had a pontoon laid over which he began to cross his infantry. He pushed on, bearing to the right through a wide swamp, the men often wading through water three feet deep. By 9 p. m. he had gained the mainland and opened a skirmish with the enemy to the left amid rear of his intrenched position. The enemy instantly fled, and General Blair had the bridge properly laid in the direction of the main road and a bridge-head constructed. Simimlta- neously with this umovement General Logan had sent General Hazens division to Holmans Bridge. He had crossed the river and penetrated nearly through the swamp above the old bridge, when he postpone Page 196 196 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S~ C., S. GA., AND B. FLA. (Ca& ~. LIX. further operations until the morhing. At daylight he found that the enemy had left his front. He therefore prepared the crossing of the Sontli Fork of the Edisto at that place. On the 11th the command marched as follows: Seventeenth Corps followed by a division of the Fifteenth, direct toward Orangeburg. The other three divisions of the Fifteenth Corps toward the same point along the Holmans Bridge road. General Forces division led the right column, and reached the Orangebnrg bridge about 11 a. m. This bridge is over the North Fork of the Edisto. The stream is much of the same character as the others 1mm this country, i. e., having several channels and bordered by wide swamps. The trees in these swamps, very many of them the cypress, are for ~he most part close together, and afford the soldier some compensation for the mud and water that he has to wade through, since they are a good protection against mus- ketry. On arriving in sight of the bridge General Force developed, by his skfrmishers, artillery commanding the main road, supported, as usual, by immfammtry in intrenchmnents. After careful reconnaissances General Blair discovered the extent of the enemys skirmish line below, and found an open field, where the main stream ran near tIme west side of the swamp. The mounted infantry were sent down to make a deni- onstration at Rowes Bridge, and General Blair made every prepara- tion for forcing a crossing. General Logan moved to Poplar Springs during time day, and pushed forward some mounted men to Shillings Bridge, six miles above Orangeburg. The next day, the 12th, the Fifteenth Corps moved to Shillings Bridge, where General Logan effected a crossing at two points, above and below the bridge, using the divisions of Major-General Hazen and Bvt. Maj. Gen. John E. Smuith. He found the enemy strongly l)osted behind works across the river and swamp. The enemys position was completely turned and his retreat so nearly cut off that great numbers of his men threw away their arms and ran. He captnred 80 prisoners and about 200 stand of arms. Three of the enemy were killed and quite a number wounded. General Logaims loss was 1 killed and 5 wounded. Meanwhile General Blair continued his operations, General Giles A. Smith operating with his division upon the direct front, skirmishing with the enemy, and replying to his artillery fire by a battery carefully intrenched, whilst General Force quietly laid his bridge two miles below, crossed over to the mainland, suddenly appearing upon the enemys left flank and rear. The country was so open that the enemy was able to escape. Gemmeral Blair took some 10 or 12 l)risoners. Gen- eral Giles A. Smith noticed the first yielding of the enemy, and followed so closely as to meet the head of General Forces column near the depot. The Seventeenth Corps immediately set to work destroying the railroad toward Branchvilledestroying about six miles in that directiomm. Soon after entering the town of Orangeburg a fire broke out imi the upper story of a store building. The incendiary work was reported to have been done by a Jew, who was angry because the rebel cavalry had burned his cottomi. The wind was high and the fire spread rapi(lly, consuming tIme poorer part of the town before its progress could be arrested. Our soldiers finally got it under control and pre- vented its spreading farther. Somne 200 bales of cotton that the rebels had spared were carefully burned by our troops. The next day, the 13th, General Blair continued the destruction of the railroad, making complete work up to the State road, a distance of thirteen or fourteen miles from Orangebnrg. His mounted mcmi were sent forward beyond thc State road and destroyed all the trestle-wor Page 197 CHAP. LIX.) THE tIAMPAIGN OF THE CAI~OLINAS. 197 and bridges up to the Santee River. The rebels who were defending the railroad bridge set iton fire on their approach. Meanwhile General Logan marched in two columns, one on the right and the other on the left of (Jaw (Jaw Swamp, reaching Sandy Run Post-Office on the even- ing of the 14th. General Blair closed up to the same point during the 14th. One division having gone on to improve the destruction of the road toward Fort Motte, marched toward Sandy Run Post-Office by the river road, along the Congaree. On the eveniiig of the 15th 1 wrote to the generalin-chief as follows: NEAR CONGAREE CREEK S. C Maj. Gen. XV. T. SHERMAN, February 15, 1865. Commanding Military Division of the ]Iiliississippi: GENERAL. General Logan advanced at 7 a. m. to-day, his First Division, Major- General Woods, leading. He came upon the enemys cavalry a short distance from camp and skirmished with them (the rebels), driving them from different lines of railpiles till they reached the Congaree Creek. Here the enemy opened with artillery upon our advance. General Woods confronted the enemys line with his skirmishers and first worked to the right in order to ascertain the character of the position, and to turn the enemys left. Failiuh to dislodge him, I directed General Logan to develop his line farther to the (our) left. He deployed one brigade of General Woods division about half a nille to the left of the State road, and pushed it on until the skirmish line had waded through a large swamp and come upon the bank of the Congaree Creek. A section of De Gress battery opened on the enemys front just as this movement was going on on the flank. The rebels gave way, crossed the bridge, set it on fire, and fired on our skirmishers with artillery and musketry from their works on the other side. Soon the skirmishers crossed the creek about half a mile north of the bridge when the enemy gave way and retreated to a new line about two miles nearer Columbia. The bridge partially burned was made passable for infantry and artillery in about ten minutes; the column commenced crossing and followed up the enenmy, skirmishing most of the way. At dark General Logan placed two divisions in position on the high ground beyond the Congaree Creek. General Blair moved his command to the vicinity of Taylors Mill. The enemy hasabandonedhisfront audhe will repair the bridge across Congaree and be ready to cross in the casualties otto-day in General Logans corps are 6 killed and 18 morning. The wounded. Major Perkins, picket officer of General Woods, was wounded, but not seriously. During the above operations General J. E. Smith made a diversion by threatening to cross the Congaree River at Bates Ferry. The same vigor and boldness that have char- acterized our men during the hardships of this campaign were again exhibited to-day. You yourself understand the difficulties of the ground, the mud, the water, swamps, the deep creeks, and ditches that they had to overcome in order to get at the enemy. Very respectfully, 0.0. HOWARD, Major- General. Jnst at dark on the evening of the 15th the enemy appeared to have taken up a new position, thoroughly intrenched, some two or three miles south of the Colnmbia bridge. During the night he fired from a battery j ust south of Columbia, near the city, upon General ilazens sleeping camp, but no return shots were fired. On the morning of the 16th the works in our front were abandoned and the enemys force had crossed the bridges and they were burned. The two corps soon con- centrated opposite Columbia, and the Left Wing met us at the same point. It should be remembered that the Saluda and Broad unite just above Columbia and form the Congaree. The Congaree is very ~vide, and we feared that it would be difficult to bridge it safely with the material we had, particularly as the river was high and very swift. The general-in-chief directed me to cross the Saluda at the factory about a mile above. A demonstration was made by placing batteries in position to silence those, before described, on the other side of ~he river, and a section was directed to fire upon some rebel troops in th Page 198 198 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND K FLA. [CHAP. LTX. town; also at the depot to prevent the enemy from moving away any more trains. As soon as the bridge could be brought up Capt. C. B. Reese, the chief engineer, threw a bridge across the Sahida under the cover of General ilazens division. At first the enemys skirmishers gave a little trouble, but our sharpshooters soon drove them back to a less dangerous distance. The mounted infantry crossed the Saluda first, sul)ported by some infantry of General Hazens division, and pushed on rapidly, driving the enemy across the Broad River. The attempt was to save the bridge, but it failed, since the bridge had been covered with resin and light wood in such manner as to burst instan- taneonsly into a flame, and this occurred even before all the rebel cav- alry had passed over. The remnant escaped northward. General Logan continued the crossing of his corps during the night, whilst he directed General Woods division to effect a crossing of the Broad. Lient. Col. William Tweeddale, commanding engineers, under- took to get a rope across just above the bridge in order to make a tem- porary ferry. The current was so exceedingly swift, and the river so wide, that it was very difficult to get the rope to the other shore; finally he drew over a light cord obtained at the factory, and by means of it succeeded in establishing the rope ferry about 3 a. in., when General Woods sent over boat load after boat load of troops, until he had suc- ceeded in ferrying over Colonel Stones entire brigade. The p18cc where they landed was not the firm ground, but a sort of muddy dike, beyond which there were deep iavines now partially filled with water. The whole bank was covered with wood and thick underbrush. Under this cover the rebels kept a strong skirmish line and fought with as much obstinacy as at any other point. Our artillery situated on a high bluff and our skirmishers up and down the river aided the brigade thrown over. Colonel Stone gradually extended his skirmish line and then moved forward up the east bank, sweeping everything before him. Several prisoners were taken & uring the advance. About 10 a. in the mayor of Columbia, with a flag of truce, met Colonel Stone and formally surrendered the city to him. The general-in-chief had instructed me to destroy certain public buildings, but to spare institutions of learning, asylums, and private dwellings. I transmitted these instructions to Maj. (len. John A. Logan whose troops were to have charge of the city. He directed Major-General Woods to place suitable guards. As soon as the bridge was completed I crossed with General Sherman and rode to the town with him, a distance of about three miles. The ground was dry, the wind blowing hard, so that the dust almost blinded us. As we entered the city the negroes and many white people collected at the corners of the streets and greeted the general with loud cheering. In the main street was a large quantity of cotton partially consumed by fire. Some men were at work trying to extinguish the fire with a very poor engine. We remarked that the loose cotton was blown about in every direction, and the shade trees were so completely covered with bits of cotton as to remind me of a grove in Maine after a snow storm. The guards were carefully established in different streets, and seemed to be attending to their duty very ftiithfully. I noticed a few men under the infinence of liquor, and immediately directed that they should be placed under guard. I have been tlmns particular in narrating these preliminary incidents, because there followed one of the most terrific scenes that I have ever witnessed, and we are charged by the rebels with its inception. Thinking everything was very orderly, and the city police in the best of hands, I selected a house and hoped to get a little rest. But it was hardly dark before a fire broke out in th Page 199 Ciiip. LIX.1 THE CAMPAIG~~ OF THE ~bAROLINA~. 199 vicinity of Main street, and spread rapidly. I learned, moreover, that quantities of liquor had been given to the soldiers by certain people who hoped in this manner to conciliate them and get their protection, and it is certainly true that many of our men and some of our officers were too much under the influence of drink to allow them to properly discharge their duty. Strenuous efforts, however, were made to arrest the flames. General Woods sent in a fresh brigade, and afterward General ilazen still another. During the night I met Generals Logan, Woods, and other general officers, and they were taking every possible measure to stop the fire and prevent disorder. Nevertheless some escaped prisoners, convicts from the penitentiary just broken open, army followers, and drunken soldiers ran through house after house, and were doubtless guilty of all manner of villanies, and it is these men that I presume set new fires farther and farther to the windward in the northern part of the city. Old men, women, and children, with every- thing they could get out, were herded together in the streets. At some places we found officers and kind-hearted soldiers protecting families from the insults and roughness of the careless. Meanwhile the flames made fearful ravages and magnificent residences and churches were consumed in a very few minutes. After about two- thirds of the city, all the business part of the town, including the old State House, had been destroyed, the wind shifted to the east and the fire was stayed. The next morning showed very little of Columbia except a blackened surface peopled with numerous chimneys and an occasional house that had been spared as if by a miracle. I believe that the rebels, who blew up the depot, scattered the cotton over the city, and set fire to it, and took no reasonable precaution to prevent the destruction of Columbia, are responsible for the suffering of the people. Neither the general-in-chief nor any ot his lieutenants have ever sanc- tioned any conduct so evidently against the dictates of humanity. The Seventeenth Corps followed the Fifteenth across the Saluda and Broad and encamped outside of the city to the northeast. The Fifteenth Corps encamped to the east and south, except the garrison of the city. During the 18th and 19th the command remained in the vicinity of Columbia and were engaged in destroying the public buildings, such as the railroad depot, the arsenals, machine shops, armory with a large qnantity of machinery, a powder mill that had everything in running order, three large store-houses for ammunition and ordnance stores, & c. A list of the ordnance and ordnance stores destroyed or made use of from Columbia will be attached to this report. While the men were removing the shells from the arsenal to the river a terrible accident occurred. A percussion shell was carelessly thrown down the bank amongst others when it exploded, killing and wounding some 15 men from General John E. Smiths division. The railroad was destroyed southward completely as far as Mill Creek by the commands of Gen- erals Hazen and Corse. General Corse continued the work as far as Cedar Creek, and his mounted men burned the trestle-work and forced the enemy to destroy the railroad bridge across the Wateree. The road was completely destroyed for fifteen miles and partially for forty. Meanwhile General Blair was at work upon the railroads northward. Monday, February 20, the command commenced its march northward. General Logans column made a detour, via Roberts Cross-Roads and Muddy Springs, his head of column reaching Rice Creek. General Blair followed the railroad, destroying it as he went, having made a march of fifteen or sixteen miles. The next day General Blair con- tinued the same work to within five or six miles of Winnsborough, an Page 200 200 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA rOHAP. LIX. the Fifteenth Corps encamped with two columns, one at ~ Cross-Roads and the other at Longtown. My headquarters were at Harrisons Cross-Roads. The next day the Fifteenth Corps moved in two columns to the vicinity of Peays Ferry. General Blair continued the destruction of the railroad to Winusborough, where he joined the work of the Twentieth Corps, and then closed up to Poplar Spring Post-Office. The work of laying the bridge across the Wateree com- menced at 1 p. m. Our crossing at that point did not seem to be antici- pated. Here we found the country high and rolling and the banks of the river quite steep. General Logan crossed two of his divisions after the completion of the bridge. Thursday, the 23d of February, the Fifteenth Corps reached Flat iRock with its head of column. The Seventeenth Corps crossed the river and encamped near Liberty Hill with the mounted infantry at Russell Place. My headquarters, with one brigade for guard, took an intermediate position near Pattersons Cross-Roads. Before General Blair completed his crossing of the Wateree a heavy rain commenced amid continued all the following night and the next day. The soil which was hard during fair weather, became slippery and muddy, so that it was with extreilie difficulty that the teams were worked up the steep hills. The 24th General Blair continued his march via Russell Place, amid, finding a straight road from Russell Place to Flat Rock, he under- took that route, but getting into an impassable quicksand was obliged to turn back and move farther south. His head of column at night was about five miles from Flat Rock. Meanwhile General Logan had moved the Fifteenth Corps in three columns, one, via McDowells Mill, to a point between Williams and Wests Cross-Roads, and the left col- umn by an upper route to the same point, and tIme right column, con- sisting of two divisions, to a point on Saunders Creek. The rain and bad roads had prevented the complete accomplishment of each order of march, so that the troops were somewhat scattered. The country, after passing Flat Rock, was for the most part sandy, with l)iIIe forests, filled with numerous roads and cross-roads. The rebel cavalry here annoyed us considerably, capturing some of our foragers and a few wagons from General John B. Smiths division. The next day, Feb- ruary 25, the Fifteenth Corps continued substantially in the same posi- tion, except that the right column closed up to within about twelve or thirteen miles of Tillers Bridge. Two regiments of General Corses division had entered Camden en route and destroyed a quantity of cot- ton and public stores. Afterward a party of mounted men, under charge of Captain Duncan, by my direction destroyed the Camden bridge and depot amid a quantity of cotton. The Seventeenth Corps reached Houghs Bridge over the Little Lynch. The pontoon train with its guard closed up to the vicinity of Williams Cross-Roads. During the day General Logan had sent forward his mounted infantry with instructions to secure Tillers Bridge. They surprised and captured a camp of about 100 rebel militia, partly armed and partly not. The next day, the 26th, General Blair moved to Youngs Bridge, across the Lynch, and General Logan marched in two columns, one to Tillers Bridge and the other to Kellys Bridge. My headquarters were with the central column. The Lynch was fringed with the usual swamps. The bridges across the main creek were saved, but owing to the freshet the water had risen so as to flood the country for nearly a mile outside the river bed Page 201 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 201 At Tillers Bridge General Corse had two brigades wade the creek immediately upon his arrival, and a few wagons succeeded in gettiug over. At Kellys Bridge General ilazen did much the same thing, sending over a part of his infantry and a few wagons. General Corse had hardly reached the mainland when the foragers and skirmishers were fiercely assaulted by Butlers cavalry. The assault was sturdily met and repulsed, with a loss to the rebels of several killed and wounded. I saw a number of horses of the enemy killed. The water rose during the iii ght upward of two feet, and rendered the crossing impassable except by bridging. I had dispatched the same day Captaiu Duncan, with all the available mounted men that I could raise at my headquarters, about sixty iii number, with instructions to penetrate as far as the Charleston and Florence Railroad, and break that road by burning some one of the bridges west of Florence. While at Peays Ferry news had come of the evacuation of Charleston. The news was corroborated by prisoners takeu at Tillers Bridge. Lieuten- ant MeQucen, my chief of scouts, accompanied Captain Duncan with a ~pher message, which he undertook to send through to Charleston. Captain Duncan crossed below Kellys Bridge, and had reached Mount Elon Post-Office, where he was followed by quite a large force of rebel cavalry, considerably outnumbering his company. On the approach of this force he held his command well in hand and fought them desper- ately. The commander, Colonel or Brigadier-General Aiken, and some 6 or 7 of his men were killed, and 50 or 60 reported wounded. Captain Duncan had two killed and three or four wounded, includ- ing Lieutenant McQueen, very severely. Duncan drove the enemy from the field, but, thin king that he had met with too much opposition for his small force, turned back and reached my headquarters the next (lay. The 27th of February it rained all day. General Blair put his entire corps at work and succeeded in bridging the approaches to the main stream and crossed part of his~command just at evening. Gen- eral Logan had a footbridge constructed from mainhud to mainland. The l)ontoon was put do~vn on the west side; some of the bad places were filled up with brick other points corduroyed under water, the corduroy being pinned down. But every effort at this point was baffled by new difficulties. We did mmot succeed in getting over any wagons. The water, however, was subsiding slowly. The next day, the 28th of Februmry, the bridging at Tillersville was continued, and a few wagons and animals crossed with great difficulty. General Hazen had coin- nienced a plank bridge, promising to have a good one completed early the next day. March 1 the water had subsided so much that a road- way completely practicable was finished by noon at Tillers Bridge, while at Kellys General ilazen finished his plank bridge about 3.30 p. in., of nearly a half mile in extent. But owing to the want of sufficient breadth of the trestles, and their resting upon a quicksand, the bridge racked over under time weight of heavy wagons, and part of it had to be reconstructed. I accompanied two of General ilazens leading brigades as far as Kellytown. The accident at the bridge prevented the remainder of ilazens columnn from getting up. We found the coummtry at this point very rich, furmmishing plenty of provisions for the horses and men. March 2, General Logan concentrated his command near New Market excepting Corses division, ten miles above, at Rocky Ford, Black Creek. Near night General Logan moved Corses division forward to the intersection of the New Market road. With my headquarters I crossed thecolumus and encamped near Rocky Ford. General Blair had move Page 202 202 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. forward, via McDonalds, to within thirteen or fourteen miles of Cheraw. The Fifteenth Corps now having come up within supportiiig distance of the Seventeenth, the command was pushed forward rapidly on the 3d of March toward Cheraw. General Blair encountered only cavalry, drove them across Thompsons Creek so rapidly as to save the bridge, his men stamping out the fire already kindled. The rebels were pushed by General Mowers division to and through the town of Cheraw skir- mishing all the way. They succeeded in destroying the Cheraw bridge in spite of us. We now learned that the Left Wing had driven back the rebel cavalry from Chesterfield the evening before, and this had determined ilardee to withdraw rapidly from Cheraw. The citizens represented that lie had 20,000 men. He had constructed a remark- ably strong bridge-head for artillery and infantry, commanding our approaches to Thompsons Creek, but this could do him no good after his line had been broken at Chesterfield. General Blair captured 28 pieces of artillery, between 2,000 and 3,000 stand of small-arms, and a large quantity of ammunition. The general-in-chief who had been with the Left Wing, joined us at Cheraw March 4, 1865. The pontoon was laid over the Pedee directly opposite the town, and Gen- eral Mowers division, of the Seventeenth Corps, was sent over to take up a position on the other side. An expedition was organized under the command of Colonel Will- iams, of the Twelfth Indiana, consisting of the Ninth Illinois Mounted Infantry, and such mounted foragers as General Logan could send. This force was directed to destroy the depots, trestle-work, bridges, & c., as far as Florence, and, if possible, destroy the public buildings and stores at that place, and then return to Cheraw. Monday, March 6, 1865, 1 was iiistructed by General Sherman to make short marches in order to give the Left Wing the lead toward Fayetteville, and, as some of the divisions were short of breadstuifs, the first two marches were arranged accordingly. General Blair moved to Bemiettsville and used the mills in that vicin- ity, while General Logan encamped his command some four or five miles from the river, using Easterhings, Goodwins, and several other mills in that neighborhood. Another terrible accident occurred at Cheraw similar to that at Colum- bia. It was a premature explosion at the place where a large quantity of powder and shells had been collected for the purpose of being destroyed. General Woods infantry was resting near by at the time and a number of teams waiting to cross the river. The exl)losion was very loud and shook the ground for miles. One officer and three men killed, and several men wounded, many quite seriously. The teams were stampeded, and several teamsters wei-e badly injured. Tuesday, March 7, 1865, the next march, was without special inci- dent. Seventeenth Corps moved toward Fayettevihle to Beavei I)ain Creek. Fifteenth Corps, one column to Brightsville, and the other to a point where the direct road intersects Crooked Creek. March 8 two columns of the Fifteenth Corps united at Laurel Hill, sending forvard mounted men to secure and hold Gilchirists Bridge, if possible. The Seventeenth Corps moved to Stewartsville, pushing one division across the Lumber River at Campbells Bridge. l)uring the march of to-day we crossed the line from South into North Carolina. We found plenty of forage, and there seemed to be an improvement in the way of churches and school-houses. Geit eral Shermans headquarters, General Logans, and mine were near Laureh Hill Church. The building is large, coin- modious, and in good repair, notwithstanding the evident scarcity o Page 203 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 203 population in this section of country. At this point J dispatched two scouts to WilmingtonSergeant Amick, Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, and Private Quimby, Thirty-second Wisconsin Infantry. General Sherman sent dispatches by them. The sergeant was directed to cioss the river at Campbells Bridge and proceed as directly as pos- sible to Wilmington, avoiding Lumberton and Elizabetlitown. He traveled night and day, succeeded in deceiving parties of the enemy that he met, and accomplished his journey in forty-eight hcurs. I com- mend him and his comrade for the successful accomplishment of their important mission. It rained hard during the day, and increased as we were going into camp at night. After the leading division in each column had passed over the road it became almost impassable, in fact quite so till miles of the roadway had been corduroyed. March 9, excepting the three days at Lynclis Creek, this and the day following were two of the most tedious of the campaign. The rain continued, and the roads grew worse and worse. The soil seemed to be sandy, and the roads would have answered for light wagons, but after a few wagons had passed over the whole bottom seemed to give out, and in places, if wagons left the roadway, they sank to the wagon body in the quicksand; and what was particularly discouraging, our cordu- roy of rails or poles would itself sink down and necessitate a recon- struction. Generai Logan marched the Fifteenth Corps from Laurel 1-lill to Gilchrists Bridge by two routes. The wagon bridge being destroyed, a pontoon was laid at that point. The entire corps crossed that bridge, but separated into two columnsone, General ilazen lead- ing, took the direct Fayettevihle road; and the other, General John E. Smith leading, took the route via Randahlsville. General Blair moved from Campbells Bridge by the right-hand i-oad with two divisions, and sent by the direct road his other division under General Giles A. Smith. his two columns halted near Raft Swamp. Every column encountered similar difficulties in the way of roads, the left column, General Hazens, being, it may be, a little worse, the swamps being more con- tinuous. General Giles A. Smith was obliged to halt his train for the night in the road, because the soil was so porous and treacherous. I encamped near Randallsville. The next day, March 10, I moved out early and joined General Giles A. Smith, and accompanied him to the crossing of Itocktish Creek, at Davis Bridge. General Blair had simultaneously reached the plank road bridge, three miles below. Davis Bridge had been set on fire, but the fire had been extinguished by the heavy rain, so that in a few hours the damage done was repaired. The plank road bridge was destroyed and had to be rebuilt. General Logans two columns were repairing roads and closing up all day. The beads of column were between eleven and twelve miles back froni Davis Bridge. Captain Duncan, with the scouts, went ahead rapidly toward Fayetteville, a11(l succeeded in securing the bridge over Little Tiockfish from being (lestroyed by the rebel cav lry. Early the next morning, March 11, I directed him to take all the available mounted men at my headquarters and scout toward Fayetteville. He encoun- tered the enemys pickets just outside of the town, which he di-ove before him easily, but on entering the town he met a large force of the enemys cavalry. The scouts were driven back, and Captaii~ l)uncan was captured. He afterward escaped, and reports that he was stripped of everything valuable and in the presence of Hampton and Butier. General Giles A. Smith, upon reaching Little Rocklish Creek, sent forward his escort and a company of mounted for~igers. They moved up to the assistance of the scouts, and got possession of Arsenal Hill Page 204 204 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. LOHAP. LIX. and undertook to save the bridge across the Cape Fear. While they were trying this General Smiths leading brigade, Brig. Gen. B. F. Potts commanding, entered the town. The enemys cavalry withdrew for the most part across the bridge. He, however, placed in position a section of a battery and opened fire upon our skirmish line, the shot passing through the houses of Fayetteville. The Fourteenth Corps entered the city from the northwest nearly simultaneously with General Smith. The mayor made a foi~nial surrender of the city to Lient. Col. W. E. Strong of my staff. The bridge could not be saved, owing to the com- plete preparation for its destruction. We found several of onr men lying dead in the streets. Captain Duncan reports to me that one of the men was badly wounded and endeavoring to walk away without aims, when the chivalrous Lieutenant-General Hampton rode after him and hacked him down with his own saber, thus adding another to his boasted victims. As soon as I saw Major-General Slocuin I with- drew from the city and encamped outside. General Blairs column was near the town; General Logans about five miles to the rear. The enemy made very slight resistance to our crossing the Cape Fear. Capt. C. B. Reese, the chief engineer, selected a place for the pontoon about a mile below Fayetteville and opposite (Jades plantation. The banks of the river are very high and exceedingly abrupt. After the bridge was laid the water subsided five or six feet, so that it was with the greatest difficulty that wagons could be gotten over. A small force of inflmntry, a brigade of time Seventeenth Corps, was sent across and made a bridge-head near Cades plantation. My headquarters moved across to the vicinity of Cades house during Monday, March 13. The 13th and 14th were spent in crossing the command and in dis- tributing what few supplies reached us from Wilmington by steamers. The very day we arrived at Fayetteville we Imeard the whistle of omme of our steam tugs on the river. The steamer had started immediately from Wilmington upon the arrival of Sergeant Amick with his dispatches. Sozi e of General Blairs men had captured a small steamer a few miles below the city, loaded with forage and cotton. The next day a gun- boat arrived from below, and soon atter other steamers, bringing us a little sugar and coffee, a few shoes, and quite a quantity of oats. I remained at Cades plantation until Thursday morning, 16th of March. While here the entire army was relieved from the large number of refu- gees, white and black, that had joined us at Columbia and during the in arch. We sent down as many as we could by the steamers above mentioned; the rest, by special directions from your headquarters, were carefully organized, with a guard of men going out of service, and army wagons sufficient to carry food, the little children, and the sick. It was a sim]gnlar spectacle, that immense column of every color and every pos- sible description, that drew out of camp on Wednesday, the 15th of March, and set out for Wilmington via Clinton. There were 4,500, mostly negroes, from my wing alone. Since General Johnston had been gradually massing all the troops that he could gather from Hood, from Hardee, and from Bragg, it was thought by the general-in-chief that he might feel himself strong enough to take the offensive, particularly if he could isolate one of our corps. Therefore we departed from the usual method of marching which left each corps to protect its own wagon train. Major-General Slocum organ. ized four divisions, light, i. e., with only wagons sufficient to fight a battle, and sent the general wagon train under convoy of his other two divisions. I did the same in my command. General Slocums left column was directed via Kyles Landing and Bentonville; his wagon train o Page 205 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 205 the direct Goldsborough road. My disencumbered divisions, were the four of General Logans c~orps, took the road next south, while Gen- eral Blair, with the pontoon train and surplus headquarters wagons, pursued the route via Owensyille. General Logans head of column, General Gorse leading, reached Sontli River on Wednesday, the 15th. lie found the enemys cavalry occupying a strong position on the other bank. General Gorse forced a crossing of the river after quite a severe skirmish, drove back the enemy and opened the road. General Blair sent forward the Ninth Illinois Mounted Infantry and drove back the enemy from his bridge, He reported 1 officer killed and 1 wounded in the skirmish. On Thursday morning, accompanied by General Logan, I left camp at 3 a. m. and reached General Gorses head of col- nmn just as he was crossing the South River. The disencumbereci column took the first practicable left-hand road to the north. Just before marching in that directiou General Gorse encountered the enemys cavalry supporting a few pieces of artillery. Quite a severe skirniish grew out of this. The general, however, drove the enemy across the Little Gohera, and then pursued his march as he had intended. The roads became very bad even for our light trains, yet we succeeded in reaching the Goldsborongh road above and went into camp. General Slocumns wagon train closed up to the same point. General Blair reached Owensville with his head of column. The silpply wagons of the Fifteenth Govps, with a small guard of one brigade, closed up to the crossing of Son th River, aiming for Beamans Gross-Roads. At night we learned that General Slocum had met the enemy under Hardee near Averasborougli and quite a battle ensued, in which the enemy was driven from one line of works and a number of prisoners captured. March 17, being yet Lilicertain as to the result of the engagement of time day before, I moved forward toward Bentonville but six miles. General Logaiis command went into camp at Jacksons Gross-Roads and General Blair reached Beamans Gross-Roads. My command was then upon the Averasborough road so that I could march thither, if nec- essary, but the enemy retreated from Slocums front during the night, and Slocum resumed his march toward Bentonville. The next day, the 18th, General Logan marched toward Bentonville and encamped near Alex. Bentons, about eleven miles south of Bentonville proper. General Blair was not far from Troublefields Store. General Slocum was at this time abreast of me, some five or six miles to the north. We had met very little resistance from the enemy, driving his cavalry before us as usual. The march was resumed early on the morning of the 19th. I pursued what is called the New road, which runs, via Falling Greek Ghurch, to Goldsborough. General Sherman joined us again during the day. General John E. Smiths division led General Logans column. The road at first appeared to be fair, but the ammnunition wagons of the lead- ing division rendered it almost impassable. On arriving at Falling Greek Ghnrch the general-in-chief sent me word that my column was very much straggled owing to the bad roads. The leading brigade, consist- ing of three regiments under Golonel Wever, with a few wagons, reached that point by 12 oclock. The next brigade, however, was detained at the Falling Greek, three miles back, to repair the ford which had become impassable. I heard heavy firing in the direction of Ben-. tonville and sent Major Osborn, my chief of artillery, to go back to the rear division (General ilazens) and direct him to go to tie assistance of General Slocum in case of need, and also to see General Slocum an Page 206 206 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. explain the situation of things and call fQr force if lie needed it from the rear of General Logans column. Major Osborit met the general-in- chief en route. The general had just received a message from Slocuin that he had then oniy a (livision of cavalry in his front and was driving them. As soon as I received this message Lieutenant-Colonel Stuoiig, of my staff; went with one of Colonel Wevers megimnents (Tenth Iowa Infantry) as rapidly as possible to the-cross-roads near Coxs Bridge. He encountered a few Imundred rebel cavalry barricaded at that point, drove them back across the river, amid secured the cross-roads, We very much feared General Slocuin was having a sevei-e battle, by the continuous soun(l of the artillery firing, but it was sunset before Gen- eral Logan had been able to bring up any considerable fom-ce. He placed in position two divisions near the point secured by Lieutenant- Colonel Strong. We at first understood that General Slocum had secured the last road to Smithfield; that being the case the only line of retreat for Johnston was via Coxs Bmidge. In accordance with General Shermans instructions, I directed Gen- eral Blair. who had moved beyond that Wiluiiiigton road which crosses Coxs Bridge, to turn back and move to our l)Osition during the night. We learned by several messengers that General Slocum had repulsed several fierce assaults of the enemy, and was iu a J)OsitiOn that lie could hold until the Right Wing should arrive. General Logaii sent hiazens divisiomi by the most direct route to General Slocnnfs position. This divmsmou reached him at daylight of the 20th. Eam-ly on the morning of the 20th General Logan sent a force to make the enemy destroy Coxs Bridge, and commenced his march, General Woods division leading, toward Bentonvihle by the river road. General Blair closed up, so that I had a continuous column. We very soon encountered the enemys cavalry, that i-esisted as stubbomnly as cavalry is able to do. This was not, however, any check to the march, since the skirmishers kept the way clear. We came upon the enemys infantry between 10 and 11 a. m. He had a position at the forks where the right-hand road leads to Bentonvihle and the straight-forward road on toward Averasborough. Colonel Stones brigade, of General Woods division, had a brisk skirmish at this point, but quickly dislodged the enemy from this position. We were to the rear aimd left of Johnstons posi- tion while fighting ~locnm the day before; but, being apprised of our coming, he had thrown back his left flank so as to formii a bi-idge-head, with Mill Creek in his rear. In this place he was carefully in trenched. The ground was for the most part low, Swampy, aii(l covered with woods. As soon as possible General Logan put his command in posi- tion, formuing a jumiction with General Hazen, who was on the right of the Left Wing, three divisions in front and one in rese~ve. General Blair took post on his right and watched the right flank. During the 19th Captain Duncan and Lieutenant Sherfy, signal officer, Captain Gilbreth, of my staff; and Captaimi hoover, of General Logans, with the scouts and what other mounted mcii they could gather, made a reconnaissance toward Goldsboroughi, hoping to meet Gemmeral Schofields troops in the town. They found, however, the enemy, in intrenchments to the southxvest of time Neuse, covering the wagon and railroad bridges. After skirmishing, the enemy abandoned these positions and destroyed the bridges by fire. Four or 5 prisoners were taken and 2 or 3 wounded. Tuesday, March 21, 1865Skirmishing more or less continued the whole night. Early in the morning General Blair extended his line toward the right, placing in position his three divisions, Genera Page 207 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 207 Mowers on the right. General Logans line was re-located and thoroughly fortified, artillery being placed in position on General Woods and General Corses front. At about midday General Mower worked his way across the swamp in his front and suddenly appeared with two brigades upon the enemys left flank. His skirmishers were within musketry range of Johnstons only line of retreat. Mower, however, being farther from support than he intended, and finding the enemy massing his troops against him in such force as almost to envelop his command, removed to his own left and rear until the con- nection with his corps was re-established. The moment I heard of Mowers position I directed General Blair to support him and General Logan to push forward his skirmish line and the moment he detected the enemy giving way to take advantage of it. I immediately went to General Woods front. The enemys skirmish rifle-pits were taken in front of Generals Woods and Corse. These the enemy pertinaciously strove to regain, but failed in every instance. The lines, at points, were not more than forty or fifty yards apart. As the enemy used very little artillery, and none whatever in our direct front during the day, I concluded that he would withdraw during the night, and there- fore directed my chief of artillery, Major Osborn, to keep up an artil- lery fire all night. This was done. General Mowers loss during his charge was reported as 166 killed, wounded, and missing. He captured a caisson with its horses and some 40 or 50 cavalry horses, with their saddles and bridles complete. At daylight of March 22 we found the enemy gone; pursued him a mile beyond Mill Creek, sliirmishing with his rear guard, and then made preparations to continue our march. The entire loss at Bentonville, killed, wounded, and missing, is as follows: Fifteenth Corps, 189; Seventeenth Corps, 210; total, 399. We reached Goldsborough by two easy niarches. The Seventeenth Corps crossed the Keuse on a pontoon bridge on the direct road; the Fifteenth on another laid below the railroad bridge. The command went into camp, the Fifteenth Corps on the right and the Seventeenth Corps on the left, to the east and south of the town. We met General Schofield and his command here. Next day after our arrival, Saturday, March 25, our wagons returned from Kinston with five days rations. As the corps passed before the general-ut chief the men presented a strong, hearty appearance, but they were actually in rags and almost shoeless; but in less than ten days they have been refitted with every- thing a soldier needs. it is only necessary to mention by name my corps and division com- manders; the work they have accomplished speaks for itself; the serv- ice cannot furnish better military men. Maj. Gen John A. Logan has ably commanded the Fifteenth Corps, consisting of four divisions, as follows: First Division, Bvt. Maj. Gen. C. It. Woods; Second Division, Maj. Gen. W. B. Hazen; Third Divis- ion, Bvt. Maj. Gen. John E. Smith; Fourth Division, Bvt. Maj. Gen. John M. Corse. The Seventeenth Corps has been ably commanded by Maj. Gen. F. P. Blair. His divisions are: First Division, Maj. Gen. Joseph A. Mower; Third Division, Brig. Gen. M. F. Force; Fourth Division, Bvt. Maj. Gen. Giles A. Smith. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. D. Leggett conducted the operations of the Third Division till after the taking of Pocotaligo, when severe illness forced him to leave the field. - I will now mention the several members of my staff, who have so cheerfully rendered me every assistance as to merit substantial reward Page 208 208 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Col. James Wilson, provost-marshal-general; Col. J. T. Conklin, chief quartermaster; Lient. Col. William E. Strong, assistant inspector-gen- eral; Lieut. Col. D. Remick, chief commissary; Maj. T. XV. Osborn, chief of artillery; Maj. E. Whittlesey, judge-advocate and commandant of camp; Capt. C. B. Reese, chief engineer; Capt. D. II. Buel, chief ordnance officer; Capt. E. P. Pearson, jr., chief commissary of masters; Capt. F. W. Gilbreth, aide-de-camp; Capt. P. A. Taylor, chief signal officer; Capt. A. M. Van Dyke, assistant adjutant-general; First Lient. J. P. Sampson, Signal Corps, U. S. Army; First Licut. William K. Taylor, First Illinois Light Artillery, acting aide-de-camp; First Lient. Amos Stickney, Engineer Corps, U. S. Army; First Lient. John A. Mills, acting assistant quartermaster; Lieut. Joseph A. Sladen, acting assistant adjutant-general; Asst. Surg. D. L. Huntington, U. S. Army, assistant medical director; Actg. Asst. Surg. I. L. Hoover, U. S. Army, staff and escort surgeon. I feel deeply grateful to every member of my staff mentioned above, and shall make in their behalf special recommendations to the War Department and to the State authorities for their advancement. Lieutenant-Colonel Howard, my senior aide, was for the first time during active work necessarily separated from me at Savannah, and unable to resume his place during the campaign as communication was severed on hi~ arrival at Beaufort. Capt. Samuel L. Taggart has conducted the business at Beaufort, S. C., to my entire satisfaction. I cannot close this report without specially commending the commis- sary department of the army. Lieutenant-Colonel Remick, chief com- missary, amid his assistants, the division commissaries, have been inde- fatigable in securing a proper distribution of what has been taken from the country, and running mills night and day whenever it was possible in order to furnish the command with meal and flour. The nature of the country has been particularly unfavorable for sig- naling, as it was flat, swampy, and very woody for the most part. The signal officers, however, have rendered me no little assistance in the collection of supplies, making special reconnaissances and cheerfully doing any other duty that I called upon them to do. Lieutenant McQneen wa-s designated as my chief of scouts. He is universally beloved, and it filled us all with extreme regret to be obliged, on account of his wound, to leave him behind. The services of Captain Duncan, of the Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, in the way of reconnoitering and scouting have been invaluable to me. Capt. J. L. King, commanding my escort company, wa~ always ready for any enterprise. Capt. E. K. Carpenter, Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry, escaping from prison and joining my staff at Columbia, rendered me great assistance on the march to Fayetteville, where the way was opened to rejoin his own command. I mentioned the cordial and prompt co-operation of Admiral Dahlgren, Major-General Foster, and their officers in the body of my report. I renew my thanks to them. Brevet Major-General Saxton and his officers gave us a hearty welcome to Beaufort, and rendered us every assistance in the way of supplies, camp, and quarters. While 1 entertain great admiration for the officers and men to whom we owe so much, I cannot fail to recognize and acknowledge the hand of God in all our success and to express the conviction that He is con- ducting us steadily and surely through this mighty revolution. It is by being and acting coincident with His mighty purposes that we shall finally prevail Page 209 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 209 Appended to this report will be found a statistical record of the amount of captures, property destroyed, and casualties. Accompany- ing it please notice the reports of the chief of artillery, chief engineer, iiedical director, chief of ordnance, and that of the provost-marshal- general. Miles marched 463 Average per day of whole time 8. 19 Average per day of actual marching 13.23 Casualties: Killed, wounded, and missing 983 Prisoners captured 1, 257 Subsistence stores captured: Breadstuffs pounds.. 927,000 Fresh beef do.... 670,000 Salt meats do~. -. 797,500 Sugar do 1,900 Salt do 30,500 Beans do.... 1,400 Total do.... 2,428, 300 Forage: Corn do.... 4,867,326 Fodder do.... 2, 785, 721 Ordnance and ordnance stores captured and destroyed: Pieces of artillery 67 Gun carriages and caissons 42 Rifles and muskets 13, 929 Cutlasses and sabers 3,445 Artillery ammunition rounds 18, 235 Ammunition for small-arms do~ 1,230, 000 Powder pounds 70,350 Property captured: Horses 3,049 Mules 3, 766 Property destroyed: Cotton (about) bales 15,000 Railroad miles 42 Cars and engines 25 Car wheels 300 Refugees: White 984 Black 4,202 Total 5, 186 Wagons and vehicles for refugees 349 Horses and mules 738 Bridging and corduroying: Bridges laid 31 Bridging laid ards.. 875 Corduroying .milcs.. 106 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. 0. HOWARD, Maj. L. M. DAYTON, Major-General, Commanding. Assistant Adjutant. General, Military Division of the Mississippi. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 17, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of oper- ations: During the rest of sixteen days at Goldsborough, just the length of time promised by the general.iu.chief, the army was completely 14 II HVOL XLVII, PT Page 210 210 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. equipped. It left its ca,mp on the morning of the 10th of April, in the general movement for the pursuit of the insurgent general Joseph E. Johnstons army, encamped near Smithfield, on the Neuse River; the Army of the Tennessee occupying the right in the general movement, the Fifteenth Army Corps, Maj. Gen. John A. Logan commanding, taking the road parallel with the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad to Pikeville; the Seventeenth Army Corps, Maj. Gen. F. P. Blair com- manding, taking the road on the left bank of the Little River and encamping near Whitleys Bridge.across Little River. The road occu- pied by Major-General Logans troops was of a quicksand nature and required a large expenditure of labor in corduroying. April 11, the Fifteenth Army Corps, Major-General Logan, moved to Lowell Factory on the Little II~iver; the Seventeenth Army Corps, Major-General Blair, moved to Pine Level on the North Carolina Rail- road. The country over which the army has marched is low, and this, together with a heavy rain in the night, caused the column to move with difficulty, and the roads required much repairing. April 12, Major General Logans corps from Lowell Factory, and the Seventeenth eorps from Pine Level, moved to Pineville. Thus far we met with no resistance, excepting very little skirmishing with small detachments of Hamptons cavalry. April 13, Major-General Logan, with his corps, moved to and across the Neuse River at Hintons Bridge and encamped ten miles east of Raleigh. The bridge was preserved from destruction by the enemys cavalry by a dash of the Twenty-ninth Missouri Mounted infantry while the enemy was destroying it. General Blair moved his corps to the east bank of the river at Battles- Bridge- This bridge was destroyed, and a pontoon laid in the evening. April 14, the Army of the Tennessee marched through Raleigh and encamped on the west side of the town, being reviewed by Major-General Sherman as it moved by the State capitol. April 15, in compliance with instructions received from the general-in-chief but one division was to be moved to Morris- ville, on the North Carolina Railroad, ten miles northwest of the city, but the instructions reaching me after the order of march had been promulgated, both the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps had moved from their camps, and three divisions were well out toward the town before the order was countermanded, when I ordered them to encamp. During the armistice agreed upon between Major-General Sherman and - the insurgent general Joseph E. Johmiston the army remained quietly in camp immediately west of the city of Raleigh, it having been brought back to that place. The time was occupied in resting the troops, in drilling, and procuring supplies for the present use and for any contin- gency that might arise. On the 25th, in accordance with instructions, the Seventeenth Corps, Major-General Blair, was moved forward about fifl~een miles preparatory to an advance against the enemy on the following day. Later in the day General Sherman directed that all trOOl)5 be halted, as Johnston proposed to surrender his army. The troops again encamped, being called upon for no labor until the army began its march homeward. In accordance with instructions from General Sherman on the 28th I issned an order to the corps commanders to march their corps by easy marches to Petersburg; Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, with the Fifteenth Army Corps, moving by Rogers Bridge across Neuse River. and thence by way of Louisburg, Warrenton, White Plains, and on the old stage road to Petersburg; the Seventeenth Army Corps, Maj. Gen. F. P. Blair, to cross the Neuse River at the railroad bridge, thence through Franklinton, Ridgeway, Lawrenceville, Birchetts Bridge, and by th Page 211 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 211 plank road to Petersburg. I also directed that no foraging be done in the country and that all supplies absolutely necessary be paid for; that the country be left as little injured by the passage of troops through it as possible. The average (listance from Raleigh to Peters- burg taken by the columns en route, as near as can be estimated, is 140 miles. The march was made in seven marching days, the troops resting on the Sabbath. The country through which we l)assed was generally well cultivated and productive. The roads were superior and the weather fine for marching an army. On the 3d of May we reached the Roanoke River, which was bridged under the supervision of Lient. Amos Stickney, assistant chief engineer of the army. The river where bridged, Robinsons Ferry, is 285 yards wide. It was bridged by pontoons and trestle-work, there being nearly seventy-five yards of the latter. I found the people on the roads kindly disposed and apparently little dissatisfied with the termination of hos- tilities. May 6, the heads of columns reached Petersburg, and on the 7th the two corps closed up and went into camp two miles south of Petersburg, where they remained till the morning of the 8th, when the Seventeenth Corps, Major-General Blair, passed through the city and I reviewed it near the Ja.rratt House. On the 9th the Fifteenth Army Corps, General Logan, marched through the city and was also reviewed. The army then moved to Manchester, where it encamped on the morn- ing of the 10th. The general-in-chief rejoined us at Manchester. On the evening of the 10th I received an order from Lieutenant-General Grant directing me to report to the Secretary of War, and on the morning of the 11th I issued orders regulating the march, via Richmond to Alexandria, to commence the next day, and then proceeded by water directly to Wash- ington. In behalf of the Army of the Tennessee, officers and men, whom I have had the honor and pleasure of commanding, I can say that in pursuit of the insurgent army from Goldsborough to Raleigh and beyond the same energy and cheerful conduct as ever before were witnessed. When it was known by the troops that the enemy had really surrendered, and that it was the desire of the Government and commanding officers to allow no destruction of property, the entire army readily acquiesced. The inhabitants were treated in the most friendly manner and the country left as much uninjured as though no army had passed through it. While en route from the Nottoway River to Petersburg the order of Major- General ilalleck respecting Major-General Shermans terms was read with no little surprise, and considerable feeling was mani- fested by the officers who saw it. On reaching Petersburg I telegraphed to Major-General ilalleck the fact of my arrival, and received a reply ordering me to encamp at or near Manchester, and briefly prohibiting my troops from entering Richmond till prepared to pass through. The impression I received was that the army was under a cloud, and there- fore coldly received. I directed the order to be literally complied with. The campaign from Goldsborough to Washington is now ended, and with it closes the great work of the war. The Army of the Tennessee has left its record all the way along during its four years of hard marching and hard fighting. The God of Hosts has blessed it and brought a remnant to realize the promise of its 1)egirlning. It is with gratitude to Him, and with feelings of fervent aff~ctions for my co-laborers, that I contemplate the eomhpleteness of our success. The only shadow around us now is the constant recollection that we cannot bring the laurels we have won and lay them at the fee Page 212 212 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. of President Lincoln, who ever cherished and expressed for this army the warmest appreciation of the services it had rendered. But ~ e may feel that the work of intense labor and sacrifice, as exemplified in the loss of such men as. iRansoin and McPherson and a host of other fear- less and unselfish men, was only complete when our great, our noble, our beloved chief worker was himself laid on the altar. Commensurate with all this sacrifice will be the blessed fact that we now really have Liberty aud Union, one and inseparable, as the sure prize of victory. Very respectfully, ~. 0. HOWARD, Major- General. Maj. L. N. DAYTON Assistant Adjutant-General, Military Division of the Mississippi. No. 10. Reports of Capt. Peter A. Taylor, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, Chief Signal Officer. HEADQUARTERS SIGNAL Coups~, U. S. ARMY, DEPARTMENT AND ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Goldsborough, N. C., March 30, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to report that on the 13th of January, in compliance with General Field Orders, No. 4, headquarters Department and Army of the Tennessee, Beaufort, S. C., January 12, 1865, I assumed command of the signal detachment serving with that army, relieving Capt. J. N. McClintock, having reported to the major-general commanding in obediemice to Special Orders, No. 343, War Department, Adjutant-Generals Office, Washington, October 12,1864. There were at that time~serving in the detachment ten commissioned officersfive acting signal officers, and five belonging to the regular organization of the corps, disposed as follows: Three with the Fifteenth Army Corps, four with the Seventeenth Army Corps, and threeacting chief; acting adjutant, and acting assistant quartermasterwith the headquarters of the army. Lieutenants Shellabarger, Adams, an(l Kelly of the number were on duty temporarily under orders of Captain Bachtell, working line of signal stations between Savannah and Fort Pulaski, where they remained until the 17th, when the line was broken up, and they, with exception of Lieutenant Kelly, who was assigned by Captain Bachtell to temporary duty with the Fourteenth Army Corps, reported back to this detachment. On assuming command I at once proceeded to organize the detach- merits in a mwrnner deemed most effective for the coining campaign. Two officers, with their usual number of enlisted men, were left with each army corpsLieutenants Sherfy and Adams with the Fifteenth and Lieutenants Dunlap and Kelly with the Seventeenthwhile the remain(leP were ordered in to army headquarters, where a reserve party was formedCaptain McClintock iii chargeto operate nuder the immediate direction of the chief signal officer. The sergeants then present for duty were assembled in the reserve camp and their instruc- tion in signal codes and in station duty commenced. A new code of signals to take the place of the old code in transmitting messages rapidly short distances was arranged and introduced into the detach- ment, copy of which was furnished Captain Bachtell, who adopte Page 213 CHAI. TAX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 213 and promulgated it to the officers serving with the Left Wing of the army. A copy of this code is herewith transmitted. The country around Beaufort, S. C., affording no advantages for signaling, the officers of the detachment were permitted to occupy the time while the army remained in that vicinity in preparing for the South Carolina campaign. The Right Wing of the grand army, Major-General iloward com- manding, having concentrated at Pocotaligo on the 30th of the month, the extraordinary march commenced, which terminated with the occu- pation of Goldsborough, N. C. A short march was made on the 30th through a swampy and thickly-timbered country, when the army went into camp six miles west from Pocotaligo, where it remained during the 31st awaiting the movements of the Left Wing, Major-General Slocum commanding, which was marching across country from Savan- nah. In view of the probable impracticability of using signals to any extent during the campaign, in consequence of the rapid marching of the army and the swamps and the unbroken forests for. which South Caro- lina is noted, the services of the signal party with headquarters were tendered to the major-general commanding for scouting and reconnoit- ering in the advance and on the flanks of the column, and for carrying dispatches between the two corps of the army moving on parallel roads, and were by him thankfully accepted. The officers in charge of parties with army corps were directed to make similar tender of their services to the commanding officers with whom they were serving. For details of daily service for the month of January I would respect- fully refer you to the transcript of daily record. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. A. TAYLOR, Captain Signal Corps, U. S. Army, Commanding Detachment. Col. B. F. FISHER, Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army. HEADQITARTERS SIGNAL CORPS, U. S. AR MY, DEPARDIENT AND ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Goldsborough, N C., March 31, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to report, in continuation of my report of operations for the month of January, that on the 1st day of Febru- ary the Army of the Tennessee, which had encamped on the 30th of January near Pocotaligo, resumed its march through the State of South Carolina. The signal parties accompanying the army, unable to per- form material service in their legitimate line of duty, fhr reasons set lorth in my report for January, rendered efficient service during th~ month of February in reconnoitering, skirmishing, communicating between the columns, foragiig, amid the officers of the detachment per. forming more or less aide duty. Lieutenant Sampson was used by the major-general commanding as freely as any one of his i)ersonal aides, While at Orangeburg Lieutenant Sampson carried dispatches front General Sherman to General Slocuma distance of over thirty miles~ the longest trip made by any aide during the campaign. The party under Captain McClintock, by my dim-e~tion, accompanied daily the-advance of the columns to reconnoiter roads and gain all th Page 214 214 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. cx, S. GA., AND B. PLA. [cHAP. lAX. information possible regarding the enemy and the country. ills men, armed with Spencer carbines, as were all the enlisted men of the detach- ment on duty in the field, skirmished freqnently with detachments of the enemys cavalry. On halting after the march of the day the two corps of the army, moving on different roads, would usually be sep- arated from six to fifteen miles. Frequently at such times Captain McClintock, with ten or fifteen men, wonld be sent to communicate between the columns, which duty he accomplished whenever under- taken. On the evening of the 3d, from Rivers Bridge, lie communicated with General Force, commanding Third Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, whose command at Whippy Swamp took a road diverging to our left, and brought information of interest to the general commanding. On the 5th, reconnoitered the country and communicated with the Fifteenth Army Corps, which crossed the Big Salkehatchie at Bufords Bridge, five miles above crossing of right column. At the Little Salkehatchie, which we reached on the 6th, he was sent again to communicate with the left column, six miles above. After proceeding a short distance his party came upon a superior force of the enemys cavalry, and during a skirmish which ensued Sergeant Page received a severe wound in the foot by the accidental discharge of his own carbine while in the act of dismoanting. Upon entering Orangeburg, where the army struck the South Carolina Railgoad, Captain McClintocks party followed up sev- eral miles the rear of the enemys retreating column and succeeded in capturing four prisoners. On the 15th the enemys cavalry ~offered strong resistance to our advancing columns, but were steadily driven back to Congaree Creek, the defensive line of Columbia. The signal party skirmished during the early part of the day and aided in driving the enemy across the creek. Of its operations later in the day Cap- tain McClintock says in his report: At 11 a. m. I joined Captain Duncans party and reconnoitered the river (creek) for several miles above the bridge to obtain another crossing. Upon arriving at Taylors Mill we were informed that the rebels were guarding a bridge over the creek about a mile distant. We moved down immediately and found the enemy had fired it and fallen back. After extinguishing the tire and repairing the bridge we proceeded down the opposite side of the stream, h ad a skirmish with a party of rebels who were guarding a crossing below, and compelled them to leave. At this place we crossed all our horses and sent them back to camp in charge of a part of our men; with nine others, the captain and myself started on foot to recon- noiter the country on the north bank and down toward the bridge, at which the troops were then fighting. Night coming on compelled ns to halt, as we were unable, owing to the impassableness of the country, to discover whether our forces had carried the bridge or not. 16th, started at daylight toward our lines, and at 10 a. m. came up with the Fifteenth Army Corps, part of which had crossed the even- ing before. We now found we had stayed the night previous almost in rear of the rebel right flank, or at least the early part of the evening. I have no doubt but that the driving away of the enemys pickets from the crossing referred to by Captain McClintock hurried the evacu- ation of the strong position in front of our army on the main road, as it would naturally have led the enemy to believe that a crossing had been effected above, flanking their position. After leaving Columbia and crossing the Wateree River it was deemed advisable to destroy the bridge over that stream at Camden, which place lay twenty miles to the right of our line of march. The mounted men with the headquar- ters were organized for the purpose into an expeditionary party. In accordance with directions from the major-general commanding to send as many men as possible from the signal party, I directed Captain J~IcClintock, with fifteen men, to join the expedition. The united parties Page 215 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 215 under Captain Duncan, went into Camden, destroyed the bridge, burned the railroad depot, and returned in safety without loss. At Lynchs Creek, on the 27th, an expedition was gotten up for the pnrpose of cut- ting the railroad near Florence. In obedience to orders of the major- general commanding to furnish men for the expedition, Sergeant Burchard and ten men were ordered to report to Captain Duncan. The party returned on the 28th without having accomplished their object. When neat Mount Elon, on the evening of the 27th, Captain D. was attacked by overwhelming numbers of Hamptons cavalry. A hand-to-hand fight ensuedthe most brilliant and spirited of the cam- paignwith a loss of only four of the party. A loss of sixty-seven killed and wounded was indicted upon the enemy, including Colonel Aiken, commanding brigade, and a member of General Hamptons staff. Cap- tain Duncan spoke in the warmest praise of the bravery and coolness of the signal men accompanying his expedition. The signal detach- ment with the Fifteenth Army Corps, First Lient. W. H. Sherfy in charge, also rendered efficient service during the month. That officer reports as follows regarding the operations of his detachment: 4th, I went in advance with the detachment and saved a party of foragers from capture, who were chased by the enemy. Afterward I left some men to hold the crossing of a creek where they had a skirmish, driving the enemy back. 5th, we went iu advance and found the enemy blockading the road, when we drove him from his work. While holding our position Private N. P. Willis was wounded, causing him the loss of a limb (leg); he was at the time bravely doing his duty. 6th, I reconnoitered to the left and communicated with the Twentieth Corps. 7th, we went in advance with the cavalry and were in a skirmish, driving the enemy from the Augusta branch railroad, which we were the first to cut. I then went to look out roads and discovered a new crossing of the Edisto River. 11th, marched to Poplar Springs, where the general sent us ahead to reconnoiter a bridge, where we found the enemy fortified and had a skirmish with him. 12th, the troops forced a crossing of the river and I went over and reconnoitered through the swamp, the general sending ns ahead to look out roads. 14th, on staff duty till noon, audi then went four miles to reconnoiter a crossing of the Congaree River. 15th, the enemy showed so much resistance as to retard the advance of the column, and I went to the left with our party and found a bridge across the creek, where we tried to force a crossing, but found the enemy too strong. 16th, did staff duty and in the afternoon was sent across the Saluda River and was in a skirmish trying to save a bridre 17th marched in Columbia at night. I helped quell a riot and saved some dwelling houses from being burned. 20th, on the march, and I went ahead to look out roads. 23d, sent ahead by the general to look out road for one of the columns. 24th, Lieutenant Adams, with several of the men while on a scout, captured two rebel captains. - The signal detachment with the Seventeenth Army Corps, Lient. J. R. Dunlap in charge, performed some service during the month; that of the officers, principally staff duty. Owing to some personal misun- derstanding between the two officers with the Seventeenth Army Corps, there was co-operation wanting to render their party efficient. On the 1st of February, in compliance with order of Major-General Howard, as follows CIRCULAR.] Hnqiis. DEPARTMENT ANI) ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Whippy Swamp, S. C., February 1, 1865. Capt. P. A. Taylor, chief signal officer, will organize a foraging party for these headquarters, in charge of a reliable non-commissioned officer. The caterer, or enlisted wan in charge of each mess, will be allowed to accompany this party. By order of Maj. Ccii. 0. 0. Howard: A. M. VAN DYKE, A8sistan t Adjutant- General. A (letail of ten men was made from Captain MeClintocks party and placed under the charge of Sergeant Haner, who conducted the forag- ing for the headquarters until the 25th of the month in the most sati Page 216 216 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. PLA. [CHAP. LiX. factory manner. While frequent captures of men from foraging parties were made by the enemy not a man was lost by Sergeant ilaner. On the revisioii of the regulations governing foraging, necessitated by reason of frequent captures and murder of individuals by the enemy, Lieutenant Shellabarger was placed in charge of the foraging party of the headquarters and conducted the foraging the balance of the month satisfactorily. For further details of daily operations I respectfully refer you to the transcript of daily record transmitted herewith. I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. A. TAYLOR, Col. B. ~. FISHER, Captain, Signal Corps, U. S. Army. Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army. IIDQRS. ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, SIGNAL DETACHMENT, Goidsborough, N~ C., April 5, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of opera- tions for the month of March, 1865, which, with my report for the months of January and February, comprise the operations of this detachmnent during the recent campaign, which terminated on the 24th of March with the occupation of G-oldsborough, N. C.: On the 1st day of March the bridges over Big Lynchs Creek, S. C., where our forces had been compelled to halt several days, were completed amid the crossing of the entire command effected. The army then moved by the most direct road on Cheraw, which place it entered on the ~d, driving the rear guard of the enemys forces, under Hardee, through the town and across the Great Pedee River. Lieutenant Shella- barger and party of the detachment were among the first to e:iter the place. They participated in the skirmish through the streets and cap- tnred several prisoners. After remaining in Cheraw until the 6th, the arniy was put in motion for Fayetteville, N. C., seventy miles distant in northeasterly direction. This march was accomplished in six days, oar forces entering Fayetteville on the 11th. The signal party under Captain McCliutock entered town with the advance, skirmished with the enemys rear guard, capturing two prisoners. From the 11th to the 14th the time was occupied in destroy- ing public property and crossing the army over Cape Fear River. On the 14th the entire army was again in motion, objective point Golds- borough. Time Left Wing being exposed to attack from the enemy under John- ston, an unencumbered columnn from the Right Wing was mnoved upon an intermediate road to give support, if required, to the Left. By direction of the major-general commanding, the signal i)arty under Captaimi McClintock accompanied the surplus wagons of the head- quarters on the lower route. Lieutenant Samupson amid myself accoin- I)anie(l the general with the light columns, performing aide duty during the engagement near Bentonville an(l until our arrival and entry into Goldsborough on the 24th. Lientemmant Sherfy, in charge of party with Fifteenth Army Corps, reports that in a skirmish on the 18th he captured two prisoners. On the following (ay his party joined an exl)editioml to the bridge over the Neuse River, near Goldsborough, where they found a force of the emmemy behind strong works commanding the approaches to the bridge. B Page 217 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 217 the personal efforts of Lieutenant Sherfy the enemy was forced across the river and the bridge burned. This operation iroved a most important one, as the Right Wing of the army was at the time moving up to the support of the Left, leaving the trains of the army, with this bridge undestroyed, greatly exposed, while its destruction rendered them perfectly secure, thereby relieving the commanding general from much anxiety on that score. Lieutenant Sherfy iu his report further says of the operations of his party: During the engagement at Bentonville on the 20th and 21st we were constantly at the front, reconnoitering and watching the movements of the enemy. Early on the morning of the 22d I started to the front to try to establish a station of observa- tion, bnt finding the enemy had retreated and our troops were pursuing, I pushed on for the front. While on my way the,e, accompanied by two of my men, Privates Snell and Bull, I discovered a body of rebels approaching from the woods, and before learning who they were I was too near to make my escape in case they should fire, bnt as they showed no signs of hostility, thinking I was one of their own men, I rode rapidly to them and told the commanding officer that they were cut off and that escape was impossible, and at the same time I demanded their surrender, which was granted. I then had them stack arms and march back to camp, a distance of two miles, with no other guard than my two men, while the prisoners numbered eighty, five commissioned officers and seventy-five men. During the campaign it was impos- sible to do any signal duty on account of the level and wooded nature of the coun- try and the rapidity of the movements of the army, but endeavored to make our- selves useful in other ways. Lieutenant Adams and myself did staff duty for the general (Logan), one of us being with him each day and the other, with the enlisted men of the detachment, being out scouting or looking for roads for the marching column. During the campaign the detachment was in fifteen skirmishes, generally taking the enemy at a disadvantage and frequently causing him loss. I captured 84 prisoners, 7 of them commissioned officers while our entire loss was 1 man wounded and 1 horse captured. It gives me pleasure to acknowledge the assistance 1 received from the entire detachment in the endeavor to do ns much service as pos- sible, and I can say with scarcely an exception each man did his duty well. The detachment with the Seventeenth Army Corps, under Lieuten- ant Dunlap, though not as efficient as Lieutenant Sherfys party, ren- dered service in various ways during the month; the officers aide duty principally, the enlisted men as couriers and foragers. On arriving at Fayetteville I found it necessary, on account of the personal misunder- standing mentioned in my February report still existing between Lieutenants Dunlap and Allen, to separate those two officers. Special orders were issued relieving Lieutenant Dunlap from duty with the Seventeenth Army Corps and placing Lieutenant Allen in charge. By arrangements with Captain Bachtell he relieved Lieutenant Kelly from duty with the Fourteenth Army Corps, who joined Lieutenant Allen with the Seventeenth, Lieutenant Dunlap taking Kellys I)lace at the former. The order relieving Dunlap was afterward revoked at request of Major-General Blair, and Allen was ordered to report to Captain B. for duty with the Fourteenth Army Corps. In requesting the revoca- tion of the order, General Blair, I afteI~~~a~rd learned, had no objection to a change in the officer in charge of the detachment with his corps, but he did not want Allen. I am fully satisfied from what I have learned in regard to the matter, and from the hitherto uniformly good character and standing of Lieutenant Allen in the detachment, that Major-General Blair labored under a misapprehension regarding that officer, and that such misapprehension was brought about through the instrumentality of Lieutenant Dunlap. With but one exception the conduct of the officers and men of this detachment during the recent campaign was all that could be desired. They performed cheerfrilly whatever duty iv~s assigned them, and contributed in no small degree to the success of the campaign. The detachments were engaged in twenty-three skirmishes, captured ninety-one prisoners of war, including seven commissioned officers Page 218 218 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAI.. LIX. being nearly double the number there were meu in the detachment on duty in the field. There were also captured about 150 horses and mules, more than one-half of which were turned over to the quarter- masters department after furnishing remounts to the officers and men. The total loss of the detachment during the campaign was three men, one died of disease and two wounded. I respectfully call your attention to the energy and gallantry uni- formly displayed by First Licut. W. II. Sherfy, and most earnestly rec- ommend him for advancement. I have the honor to forward herewith a similar recommendation addressed to the honorable Secretary of War by Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, with whom Lieutenant Sherfy has been serving. I have the honor to be, colonel; very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. A. TAYLOR, Captain, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, Commanding Detachment. Col. B. F. FISHER, Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army. flEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER, Near Washington, May 31, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of opera- tions of the signal detachment serving with this army during the month ending April 30, 1865: From the 1st to the 9th, inclusive, the army was quietly encamped in and around Goldsborough, N. C., resting from its long, weary marches through the Carolinas and being refitted for another campaign. The officers of the signal detachment, in the absence of signal duties, employed the time in re-equipping their parties, instructing the ser- geants in the use of the signal codes, and drilling the men in flagging. The commanding general expressing a desire to take with him on the next compaign only those officers and men connected with headquarters who were absolutely required to perform the duties of their respective departments to conform to the great reduction in the transportation of the headquarters, I accordingly assigned the officers of the reserve sig- nal party to duty with two army corps, and placing Lieutenant Ware in charge of all the enlisted men of the detachment not assigned to duty with officers in General Orders, No. 3, from this office, directed him to proceed, together with all the surplus stores, to New Berne, N. C., and there await further orders. On the 10th of the month the army commenced the march to Raleigh. The signal parties were organized for the campaign as follows: Lieutenant Sampson and myself, with nine enlisted men, accom- panied the major-general commanding; Captain MeClintock and Lieu- tenants Dunlap and Kelly, with sixteen enlisted men of the Seven- teenth Army Corps, reporting to Major-General Blair; and Lieutenants Slierfy, Shellabarger, and Adams, with twenty one enlisted men, with the Fifteenth Army Corps. An extra number of men were assigned to Lieutenant Sherfys party on the intimation of Major-General Logan that he desired more signal men. Capt. A. S. Cole, who reported to me on the 1st day of the month, was by Major-General Howard l)laced on duty ~ts an acting aide-de. camp, and served in that capacity during the month. Two enlisted men were assigned to duty with Captain Cole Page 219 CHAP. LIX.1 THE CAMPAIG1~ OF THE CAHOLINAS. 219 Second Lieut. II. P. Johnston, acting signal officer, transferred from Department of North Carolina and Army of the Ohio to Army of the Tennessee and assigned to duty with Major-General ilazen, command- ing Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, by Special Orders, No. 59, headqnarters Military Division of the Mississippi, reported to me at Raleigh for equipments and men, which were famished him. On the march to Raleigh, which occupied six days, the officers and men of the detachment made themselves generally useful. Lieutenant Sampson and myself, in the absence of duties in our own department, of which the m~ature of the country and rapid movements of the army admitted none, performed the duties of aides to the major- general commanding, being often sent in the advance to look out roads across the conutry to communicate with the different columns, our enlisted men at such times serving as escort. The party with the Fif- teenth Army Corps nhder Lieutenant Sherfy assisted in a like manner. Lieutenant Sherfy says in his report: On the 10th we started on another campaign, going in the direction of Raleigh, and on the following day, being in advance, we helped repair the bridge over Little River, which the enemy had torn up. In the evening the general seat as several miles across to another column with dispatches. On the 12th we assisted in cordu- roying the road, which was very muddy, and on tl.~e 13th we were in the advance and captured four prisoners. When on the march Lieutenant Adams accompanied the general on staff duty, and Lieutenant Shellabarger and myselt; with the remainder of the party, were in the advance reconnoitering and performing such other services as we could. During the remainder of the month there was no opportunity for us to perform any duty of importance, as the army was most of the time lying in camp and negotiations in progress which resulted in the surrender of the enemy in our front. On the 29th we started on the march with the army toward Washington. While lying in camp we had drill and practice in signals and occasionally the offi- cers did staff duty. The transcripts of daily record of the Seventeenth Army Corps party, Capt. J. M. McClintock in charge, exhibit some good service performed. On the 10th, the first day of the march, this party was in the advance, skirmished with and drovethe enemys cavalry, and afterward assisted in replanking the bridge over Little River. It may be proper to here state that after the first days march from Goldsborongh the enemy disap- peared entirely from the front of our army and offered no further resist- ance to our progress to the city of Raleigh. Reaching the State capital of North Carolina on the 14th, the troops were immediately after put in camp on a line indicated by General ~herm an, hostilities suspended, and negotiations commenced for the surrender of the rebel armies, terminating in the surrender of the rebel army under General Johnston and the commencement of the march of our army on the 29th for the city of Washington. On the 30th, when ten miles north of Raleigh on our homeward march, I was ordered by the major-general commanding to proceed to NewYork City to transact important business for the headqnarters. In accordance therewith I at once proceeded, via New Berne, Norfolk, and Baltimore, to New York, leaving the detachment in charge of proper officers. Lieutenant Ware was ordered on the 27th to proceed with the enlisted men in his charge at New Berne, after turning over the public stores, to time vicinity of Washington, D. C. I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. A. TAYLOR, Captain and Chief Signal Officer. Col. B. F. FISHER, Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C Page 220 220 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. F11A. [CHA~ LIX. No. 11. Report of Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, U. S. Army, commanding Fifteenth Army Corps, of operations January 7March 31. HEADQUARTERS FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Goldsborough, N. 0., March 31, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this command during the past campaign: In accordance with instructions contained in paragraph 2, Special Field Orders, No. 7, current series, headquarters iDepartmeut and Army of the Tennessee, dated Savannah, Ga., Jaiinary 7, 1865, preliminary orders were issued directing that the corps should be held in readiness to move from Savannah to Beaufort by transports, and that the First Division should be moved to Fort Thunderbolt preparatory to embarka- tion. During this period the defenses of Savannah were being con- structed, and as the Seventeenth Army Corps had moved from the city heavy details for working Parties to push the work to completion were made upon this corps, and beside the whole strength of my pioneer force I had 3,000 men at work on the fortifications, besides 1,000 men on duty with the chief quartermaster of the military division. On the 9th ultimo the First Division, Brevet Major-General Woods commanding, moved to Fort Thunderbolt, and commenced embarking on the morning of the 10th. Knowing the anxiety of the general com- manding to have my command concentrated at Beaufort as soon as possible, I had ordered General Woods to seize every opportunity to transport his troops, and that general had commenced enibarking even before the whole of the transportation of the Seventeenth Corps had been shipped. The character of the vessels used for transporting the troops and trains of the corps greatly impeded the movement, for although of sufficient capacity to accommodate large numbers of men it was necessary to sling our animals and dismount and take to pieces our wagons before they could be loaded; but by building long wharves out into the stream the embarkation was greatly facilitated. Things had sufficiently progressed, however, with the embarkation of the First Division to move the Second Division to Fort Thunderbolt on the morning of the 14th ultimo, and General Hazen was instructed to fol- low General Woods as rapidly as possible. On the 16th I received a dispatch from the commanding general of the army, dated Beanfort, January 15, 1865, informing me that the movement on Pocotaligo had been perfectly successful, resulting in the discomfiture of the enemy and in his retreat, and that General Blair from that position had been ordered to reconnoiter back toward Savannah, and further directing me to co-operate with him with all the mounted force I could raise pushing out from the city along the Union Causeway in the direction of Grahamnville and Coosawhatchie. The reconnaissance was designed to ascertain the practicability of that route for troops and wagons. On the same day my mounted force, consisting of the Twenty-ninth Mis- souri Mounted Infantry and a detachment from the Seventh Illi- nois Mounted Infantry, crossed the Savannah and pushed out to join General Blairs forces. Colonel Gage, in his report of the reconnais- sance, confirmed the impression previously formed as to the availability of that route to Pocotaligo, and in accordance with instructions received from the commanding general in a communication from Lieutenant- Colonel Strong, chief of staff, bearing date Savannah, Ga., January 17, 1865, the further embarkation of my command for Beaufort was su Page 221 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 221 pended, and instructions were issued looking to its movement by land. When the movement by land commenced I had already shipped the whole of my First Division and nearly all of the Second, with the exception of De Cress battery, a portion of the supply train, and two regiments as train guard. These were ordered to move with the Third Division of the corps, which was under orders to break camp and move across the pontoon bridge over the Savannah ]itiver on the morning of the 19th ultimo. A severe storm had set in on the 18th and continued through the morning of the 19th, but General Smith succeeded in crossing the pontoon with his Second Brigade and a portion of his ord- nance train, aiid stretched out on the South Carolina side of the river, but the rains were so heavy, swelling the streams and bursting the dikes confining the headwaters of the great swamp river, that the roads soon became submerged and entirely impassable for man or team and only navigable in boats. His division was dividedGeneral Smith with a portion of his command beyond the break and the bal. ance still on the Savannah side of the river. Under these circum- stances I ordered General Smith to push through to Pocotaligo with his Second Brigade and put the rest of the troops in camp to await a subsiding of the flood. The storm continued during that night and the next morning with unabated fury, and in consequence thereof I received instructions from the commander-in-chief to continue the shipping of my commnamid to Beaufort, reserving the Fourth Division to move by land with the Left Wing of the army. As fast as boats arrived at Savannah they were loaded with troops, animals, and wagons to their fullest capacity, and on the morning of the 26th I transferred my headquarters to Beaufort. On the 26th the position of the several divisions of the corps was as follows: The First amid Second Divisions at Port Royal Ferry; a portion of the Third Division at Pocotahigo, with the First Brigade awaiting its transportation at Beaufort, and the Fourth Division still at Savan- nah. Before leaving Savannah I had given General Corse instructions to move his comnmnancl by slow anti easy marches to Sisters Ferry and there to cross ihe Savannah River at such time as lie could get the bridge, and to move his comumand to Hickory Hill, the point indicated for the comicentration of the whole corps. The supplies for the corps were drawn from the depots established at Beaufort amid at Hatchs Landing, and up to the time of our final separation from a base the troops were supported on rations drawn directly from the depots with- out calling on our supplies in the wagons. For a schedule of rations on hand at the opening of the campaign I have the honor to invite your attention to the subjoined report of the chief commissary of the corps. The transportation of the corps was iii good condition, and although the animals suffered for want ot forage on our entrance into Savannah, still the abundant supply received before the campaign opened put themn in good condition to sustain the march through the swamps of South Carolina. Oii the niorning of the 30th of January the corps moved in two columns from their position at Gardens Corners and Port Royal Ferry in the direction of MePhersonville, the First and Second Divisions having the right and direct road through Pocotahigo, with General Smith to the left on the Ridge road. The First and Third Divisions encamped near the village, with the Second Division at Pocotaligo. The next day was consumed in sending back empty wagons to Hatchs Landing for subsistence and other stores needed for the troops. Order Page 222 222 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. were issued at this point limiting the organization of foraging details to the smallest number of men absolutely required for the service and directing that they should be chosen from the best men of the coin- mand, the officers were to be appointed for the campaign, and a record kept of them at division headquarters, and they were to be held responsible for the conduct of their details. In accordance with your Field Order, No. 29, I moved the corps from McPhersonville to Hickory Hill, breaking camp at 7 a. m. Before the rear of my column passed through McPhersoimville I regret to inform you that the village was in flames. This was doubtlessly induced by the desertion of their houses by the entire population, for on our entrance into the village not a human being was to be found. The road to Hickory Hill crosses numerous streams, swampy in character and tributary to Coosawhatchie Swamp, which covered our left flank. In all of these swamps we found timber felled, with rail barricades defended by a small brigade of rebel cavalry, dismounted, who were easily pushed before us by the Seventh Illinois Mounted Intantry and the Twenty-ninth Missouri Moumited Infantry, supported by infantry reserves. On nearing Hickory Hill the mounted imifantry was pushed forward with the design of saving the bridge across Coosawhatchie Swamp on the road from Sisters Ferry, as it was anticipated that General Corse would come in at that point, but a portion of the rebel cavalry had retreated across the bridge, partially destroying it, and the design was frustrated. The First Dmvmsmon was encamped in position for the night at the intersec- tion of the Whippy Swamp Post-Office road with that on which we had been moving, with the Third Division in support. General Hazen, who had moved that morning from the neighborhood of Pocotahigo, encamped to the rear of the other divisions about three miles. The next morning, February 2, the Second Division having the advance, moved to Lopers Cross-Roads. Our advance was conteste(l by the emmemys cavalry at the crossing of all the streams and creeks in which tmmber had been felled, with the same pertinacity as on the previous day, but with the same result, and our mounted infantry found no difficulty in pushing them back across Duck Branch. Owing to the heavy roads the other divisions did not succeed in reaching the cross- roads but encamped some four miles back. In accordance with instructions from superior headquarters the Third and Fourth Divis- ions of the corps were moved to the right into position along the road running from Duck Branch Post-Office to the Angleys Post-Office, the First Division holding the bridge over Jacksons Creek; the Third Division equidistant between the First and Second Divisions, with the Second Division still in camp at the cross-roads at Duck Branch. It rained fitfully all day and the roads were heavy and require(l cordu- roying in many places before the artillery and trains could be gotten over. This evening I received information from the commanding gen- eral that the Seventeenth Corps had effected the crossing of Big Sal- kehatchie at Rivers Bridge, and at the same time orders directing me to move forward my command at Bufords Bridge and force the pas- sage of the river should that become necessary. In compliance with these orders I directed General Woods to move forward from his advanced position at 6 oclock, sending a brigade in light marching order, unencumbered with wagons, to Bufords Bridge to secure the same and to follow on with the rest of his command as rapidly as possible. Gemmeral Smith moved in rear of the First Division. Gen- eral Hazen was ordered to march to Angleys Post-Office amid there to encamp his command in position for the night covering all th Page 223 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 223 approaches from the direction of Barnwell. On reaching the bridge General Woods found the works of the enemy deserted, but the bridge over the main stream had been destroyed and the lagoon bridges, some twenty-six in number, had been all broken down. The roads were heavy and required a good deal of work from the pioneer corps. Up to this time nothing had been heard from General Corse, and I was entirely in the dark as to the success or failure of his movement, but from his energy and perseverance of character I knew that he would make every exertion to join the corps as soon as possible. The next day, the 5th of February, was consumed in crossing the Big Salkehatchie, and my command was encamped that night in the salients, as it were, of an equilateral triangle, the First Division on the direct Bamberg road, the Second Division on the road leading to Barn- well, and the Third Division on that leading to Rivers Bridge, the First and Second Divisions being intrenched. February 6, the advance on the Little Salkehatchie was commenced, the Third Division, General John E. Smith, having the advance with the mounted infantry at the head of the column. The Twenty-ninth Missouri Mounted Infantry advanced to the Little Salkehatchie, skirmishing with the enemy, and driving them across the stream, when it was discovered that the bridge had been destroyed, and that the rebels were in position behind works prepared to dispute the crossing. On the arrival of the infantry col- umn General Smith deployed his Second Brigade, Col. C. R. Wever commanding, on the bluff facing the river, with two regiments, one on each side of the road, pushed to the river bank in skirmish order to develop the position of the enemy. The Twenty-ninth Missouri Mounted Infantry was sent to a crossing reported by negroes tQ be some three or four miles below the bridge, while the detachment of the Seventh Illinois moved above along the bank of the stream searching for a ford. In the meanwhile the trains of the Third Division were parked out of range, well in rear, with the First Brigade. Third Divis- ion, massed in support of the Second. General Woods was ordered to move np in support of the Third Division, massing his troops and trains in convenient fields out of range of the enemys fire. The posi- tion occupied by the enemy was very defensible, his front being covered by a deep and tangled swamp extending for several miles below his position, while the stream above opened into a wide pond, yet our skir- mish line pushed through the mud and water and developed his line, extending quite a distance above and below the bridge, covered by rifle-pits. The bank on the south side of the river appeared to be much higher than that on the opposite side, rising in quite a bold bluff, but the swamp was so dense that it was impossible to appreciate the char- acter of the opposite bank or to avail ourselves of any advantage we might have in height of position. General Smiths dispositions hav- ing been made for an attack, and General Woods division being within supporting distance, I ordered him to push his Second Brigade through the swamp in line of battle, covered by a heavy line of skirmishers, and eiideavor to take the works of the enemy. It affords me great pleasure to testify to the gallant manner in which my orders were exe- cuted by Colonel Wever, who charged with his men through mud and water, across the stream and in face of the enemys fire, driving him from his line of works, all along the river. The rebels fell back to some open fields about a mile and a half from the stream, formed in line, as if preparing to receive our attack. General Smith, having crossed his First Brigade, pushed forward on the road to Duncansville. The rebel cavalry meanwhile moved from our front in the direction of Blackvill Page 224 224 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. and the railroad. The bridge across the Little Salkehatchie being soon rebuilt Gefferals Woods and Hazen moved their divisions and trains across during the afternoon and evening, the whole corps going into camp, grouped around Springtown Meeting-House. The night set in with rain which continued with great severity until quite late the next morning. In accordance with instrn~tions received from the general-in-chief orders were issued for an advance on the railroad, to commence at 6 oclock the next morning. The order comprehended the movement of two divisions in light fighting trim, unencumbered with wagons, except ten from the ordnance train and the ambulances of each division; the rest of the wagons were to move nnder escort of the remaining division, with orders to go into park in the event of aii engagement with the enemy, so that the troops guarding them might be relieved and moved to the front should occasion require there presence. The First and Second Divisions, moving in that order, were those chosen for the advance, and at 7 oclock the morning of the 7th the troops moved for- ward the roads in a wretched condition from the storm of the night previous. The advance was unopT)osed, and with the exception of felled timber in the crossing of Lemon Swamp, which delayed the column a short time, the march was made with ease and celerity, my mounted infantry striking the railroad at Bamberg, or Lowrys Station, by 9.30 a. in., and by 12 m. I had two brigades at work tearing up the track and piling up ties and rails preparatory to burning and twisting the same. The First Division encamped abont two miles north of the railroad, covering the Cannons Bridge road, with General Hazen on the left, covering the approaches from Orangeburg. General Smith was in po~ition south of the railroad, covering the trains. The next day, the 8th ultimo, was spent in destroying the railroad, every rail being twisted, the infantry tearing up the track and piling the rails and ties, and the Engineer IRegiment twisting each rail, utterly destroying the road. In accordance with instructions from the commander-in- chief I directed General Hazen to send a brigade on a reconnaissance to Cannons Bridge, on the South ~Edisto, to ascertain the condition of the crossing and the movements oi Lhe enemy. Colonel Jones, commanding brigade, found the bridge destroyed and the enemy in position on the op~iosite bank of the river, and as his orders were merely to reconnoiter the road leading to the bridge and not to force a crossing he returned to camp without loss to his command. - Jim accordance with orders from department headquarters I moved the First and Third Divisions of the corps on the morning of the 9th from Lowrys Station to Grahams Station, and encamped them in posi- tion to the north of the railroad, covering the approaches from Binna- ~ and ilolmans Bridges. The Second Division, General Hazen commanding, moved along the big Augusta road to the first cross-roads near Holmans Bridge, going into camp facing the river, with a strong picket puslmed to the river bank, the bridge having been destroyed by the enemy. The First and Third Divisions each had a brigade at work on the railroad, destroying ties and rails, working in the direction of Blackville. Through one of General Corses staff officers, who joined me at this point, I learned that he was back at the crossing of the Big Salkehatchie, pushing forward with all dispatch to join the rest of the corps. After leaving Savannah General Corse encountered serious obstacles to his advance. The roads were ahinostimpassable for artil- lery and trains, and on reaching the Savaumiab, at Sisters Ferry, the river was found far too swollen to put in the pontoons till the water ha Page 225 Ca& p. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 225 subsided, and after crossing, indeed, the same character of roads contin- ued, rendered worse, if anything, by the late severe storms. The pioneer corps of this division had been with the main column during the whole march, and General Corse had been deprived of their assistance. But, notwithstanding these obstacles, ou the evening of the 10th General Corse was encamped but six miles in rear of my position at Grahams Station, ready in the morning to join the corps. Pontoon-boats having been sent to General Hazen he crossed the South Edisto River with his division on the 10th nitimo, encamping in position on the north bank. The First and Third Divisions were engaged in destroying railroad till about 3 in the afternoon, when the Third Division moved to the cross-roads near ilolmans Bridge, preparatory to crossing in the morning. On the morning of the 11th the crossing of the South Edisto was continued, and the movement on Columbia was fairly inaugurated. Major-General ilazen broke camp at 7 a in., and moved out in the direc- tion of Poplar Springs, on the direct Orangebnrg road, the Third and First Divisions following. General Corse had been instructed to cross at Binnakers Bridge, b earing with his division for the same point. The march was uninterrupted, and the Second and Third Divisions were in camp before dark, Generals Corse and Woods bivouacking about two miles to the rear. At last I found my whole corps together, unimpaired in usefulness. On reaching Poplar Springs I ordered a reconnaissance to Shillings Bridge, to ascertain the character of the crossing at that point, and left my mounted infantry out on picket near the bridge which the enemy had destroyed on our approach. For an account of the operations of my command for the 12th ultimo in passing the North Edisto I have the honor to invite your attention to the following extract from a previous report, rendered immediately after crossing: The corps moved from camp with General Hazen in the advance, and on reach- ing the bridge a strong skirmish line was deployed and pushed to the bank of the stream, with the design ot developing the position and strength of the enemy, while at the same time an effort was made to effect a crossing above and below the bridge. The Second Brigade of the Second Division, Col. W. S. Jones commanding, with a regiment at each of the crossings above and below the bridge skirmished heavily with the enemy in front, and so entirely engaged his attention that the flank demonstration was perfectly successful. A crossing below the bridge having been first effected General Hazen moved the First and Third Brigades of his division to that point and threw them across the river on a hastily constructed bridge of rafts fastened together, but found a dense and tangled swamp still in his front, through which he pushed his command, however, reaching the mainland without encounter- ing resistance. In the meanwhile Colonel Jones had been equally successful in effecting a crossing above the bridge, and, with the Thirty-seventh Ohio Infantry, pushed down on the left bank of the river, taking the enemys position at the bridge in flank and reverse. The moment the enemy discovered our forces on their side of the river they broke and ran from their works, throwing aside arms and accouter- ments in their flight. The enemy was driven from his works at 2.30 p. m. The Third Division of the corps was moved in support at the point of crossing of General Hazens two brigades, with General Woods in support at the bridge, while the Fourth Division was held in reserve at a point equally distant from the two crossings. The enemy lost killed 3, wounded unknown, with SO prisoners and about 200 stand of arms left in our hands; my loss was very slight, being 1 man killed and 5 wounded. The crossing having been thus gallantly effected the movement on Columbia was continued, and in accordance with your instructions I moved the corps the morning of the 13th nltimo in two columns, one, consisting of the Second and Third Divisions, along the road to the east of Caw Caw Swamp, with the First and Fourth Divisions on a plantation road up the west bank. Both roads came together in the 15 R UVOL XLVII, PT Page 226 226 OPERATIONS IN N. C. S. C.. S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. neighborhood of Sandy Run Post-Office, which point was indicated for the concentration of the corps in two days march. The corps camped that night in position, the two columns nearly abreast of each other. Our march was uninterrupted to Sandy Run, which point was reached and passed the next day (the 14th instant), the troops going into camp in the following order and position: The First Division near Wolfs plantation, General Hazen in snpport, with the Third and Fourth Divisions some two miles in rear. It having been reported that the enemy were in force on Congaree Creek, intrenched, our dispositions were made to force the passage, and at the same time to demonstrate upon the Great Congaree with a portion of the corps. The movement was commenced at 7 a. m. the 15th ultimo, Brevet Major-General Woods having the advance, supported by the Second and Fourth Divisions of the corps. To Brevet Major-General Smith was assigned the duty of making the demonstration at the crossing of the Con garee River above referred to. General Woods encountered the enemy at a short distance from his camp, but easily pushed them before him, until their main line was discovered on Congaree Creek, which empties into the river about one mile and a half from the road on which the column was mov- ing, stretching away in a westerly direction, winding through deep banks fringed with undergrowth and bounded by marshy open fields, which had been rendered impassable for artillery by the frequent rains of the week past. On approaching the creek the enemys line was developed, extending apparently along the face of the creek with a salient covering the bridgeartillery in position in the salientcom- manding the road and open fields in front of their works. General Woods at once deployed his Second Brigade across the road, pushing forward a heavy skirmish line to feel the position of the enemy. From the nature of the ground nothing could be effected by a demonstration upon the right, ,and Colonel Stones brigade (Third Brigade, First Division) was moved in line on the left across the open field into the woods bordering the river, the troops wading through mud and water up to their waists till they reached the banks of the stream. General Woods First Brigade was held in reserve in the center. Generals ilazen and Corse moved their divisions in support of General Woods. The enemy opened quite briskly with artillery and musketry upon Col- onel Stones advance, but one regiment succeeded in crossing the stream higher up than the t& ~te-de-pont of the enemy extended, and completely turned his position, for when an advance was made along the whole skirmish line the enemy broke from their works, firing the bridges in their flight. Our troops gallantly charged over their line, and succeeded in putting out the flames, notwithstanding the enemy opened a hot artillery fire on the bridge and the main road leading to it. In this connection I must invite attention to the able manner in which Col- onels Catterson and Stone handled their brigades and co-operated with their division commander in all his combinations. As soon as the bridge w~is repaired I pushed General Woods across, when it was dis- covered the enemy had abandoned his first line of works along the river-bank, retreating across open fields to a second line much nearer the city of Columbia. The country was open for two miles from the river, stretching away in uncultivated fields apparently well adapted for the movement of cavalry, in which arm of the service the rebels were quite strong. It was afterward ascertained that the force that had contested the crossing of the creek was the cavalry command of the rebel General Hampton. The enemy showed toward night quite a heavy force of cavalry, moving in column and line across the field Page 227 CHAP. LIX.) THE CAMPAIGN ~F TilE CAROLINAS. 227 near their second line of works, as though to charge upon our infantry, but General Woods got his division in position with ilazen on his right, and night closed in without an attack. General Smiths recon- naissance on the Congaree River was perfectly successful, and the whole corps encamped prepared for an early advaiice in the morning. iDur- ing the entire night the rebels shelled our camps from the other side of the river, but to little purpose, for on the advance of our skirmish line in the morning (the 16th of February) the enemys second line was found abandoned, and the corps moved on Colunzibia in the following order: General Hazen having the right, with Generals Woods, Smith, and Gorse in support. On approaShing the city it was discovered that the enemy had destroyed the bridge over the Congaree River, and on examination the engineer officers reported that our pontoons would not reach across, and that it would be necessary to force the passage of the Saluda and Broad to effect a crossing. The enemy showing no dispo- sition to surrender the city, but manifesting great industry in removing stores, & c., from the different warehouses, a section of IDe Gress bat- tery was put in position, shelling Columbia during the entire morning. In accordance with orders from Major-General Howard I moved General ilazens division to Saluda Factory, on the Saluda River, and directed him to throw some men across the stream in pontoon-boats to dislodge the enemy from the opposite bank and admit of the laying of the pontoon bridge. This maneuver was successful, and the Engineer Regiment worked without interruption from the enemys sharpshooters. As soon as the bridge was completed I pushed the mounted forces of the whole army across in advance of the corps, hoping they might be able to save the bridge over the Saluda, but it was necessary to cross our infantry before the enemy could be driven from their position, and they had ample time to destroy the bridge before the advance of our troops could contend successfully with the flames. Night falling before the pontoon bridge could be gotten up the troops were put in camp covering the peninsula that they occupied. To General Woods was assigned the advance in crossing the Broad, and he was instructed to push a brigade over by daylight, with orders to move in the direction of Columbia and occupy the city if possible. The pontoon was not completed as rapidly as was anticipated, and Colonel Stones brigade did not cross before 7 a. in., when he moved out in the dire~tiomr of Column. bia, meeting with little resistance. On his approach he was met by the mayor and other prominent citizens, who formally surrendered the city to his command. Colonel Stone moved his brigade into Colum- bia, taking possession of the public stores and buildings. A provost guard was at once organized and great exertions to preserve order and protect the city were made by all his officers; but the citizens had received our soldiers witlt bucketfuls of liquor, and the negroes, over- joyed at our entrance, piloted them to buildings where wine and whisky were stored, a~d for awhile all control was lost over the disorganized mass. On completion of the bridge the rest of the corps crossed and moved through the city to position on the Columbia Branch of the South Carolina Railroad. Toward dark Colonel Stones brigade was relieved from duty and fresh troops moved into the city to clear it of the rioters, and, if possible, to preserve order during the night, but the citizens had so crazed our men with liquor that it was almost impossible to control them. The scenes in Columbia that night were terrible. Some fiend first applied the torch and the wild lames leaped from house to house and strcet to street until the lower and business part of the city was wrapped in flames. Frightened citizens rushed i Page 228 228 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX~ every direction, and the reeling incendiaries dashed, torch in hand, from street to street, spreading dismay wherever they went. General Woods used every exertion to quell the riot, and his troops aided him in fighting the conflagration, and to their exertions is due the preserva- tion of such portion of the city as escaped the fire. Toward morning General Olivers brigade, of ilazens division, was ordered into the city, and this force, in addition to that from the First Division, restored order. The next morning the provost system was more thor- oughly organized, and, nnder command of Brevet Brigadier-General Woods, the city was perfectly quiet. On the 18th nltiniio the Second and Fourth Divisions were ordered to destroy fifteen miles of the Columbia Branch of the South Carolina Railroad, and leaving a strong camp guard moved from the city. During the conrse of the day instructions were issned that the divis- ions should bivouac on the road in the event of not accomplishing the destruction of the same before night-fall. Details were furnished from this corps while in Columbia to destroy certain Government stores that could not be used by our army, and during the destruction of some ammunition a sad explosion took place, killing and wounding 1 officer and 23 men. Upon investigation it was found to have occurred from purely accidental causes, and that no one was chargeable with undue carelessness. The troops remained in and around Columbia during the 18th and 19th, the work of destroying railroad and public stoves in the city being continued. My mounted infantry was in the meanwhile dispatched to (lestroy the railroad bridge across the Wateree River, and accomplished their work thoroughly and successfully, burn- ing on their return all hridges and trestling up to the point where General Corse was working. During the night of the 19th General ilazens division returned to camp iiear the city, but the Fourth Division remained in camp on the railroad, with orders to move on the next morning to a junction with the other divisions of the corps to the north of the city, in the direction of Muddy Springs. During the 19th ultimo a refugee train was organ- ized, consisting of those of the inhabitants of Columbia and of the neighboring country who desired to go north with our army, and an equal distribuPon was made of the same among the several divisions. To this train accessions were made daily during our march through the c6untry, and with the negroes who abandoned their homes at different places along our line of march the trains grew to great size. The corps broke camp from around Columbia the morning of the 20th of February, and moved north in the direction of Winusborough, leaving the South Carolina Railroad and line of march of the Seventeenth Corps far to time left. Owing to the scarcity of wivter in the neighborhood of Muddy Springs the troops were moved several miles farther in advance than was intended, and encamped on Rice Creek, the Third, Second, and Fourth Divisions reaching that point, with the First Division a little in advance of Muddy Springs. The rear guard of the army had been drawn from this division, and before leaving Columbia Brevet Brig- adier-General Woods had driven all stragglers and camp followers before him and moved his command from the city in good order. The movement was continued on the morning of the 21st. The character of the country was hilly and barren, and but little forage for man or animal could be procured, the coips encamping three divisions on Dutchmans Creek, with General Woods division at Longtown, on the direct Winnsborough and Camden road. The next day the corps moved to the Wateree, the left column, via 1~oplar Springs, to Peay Page 229 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 229 Ferry, at which place it was directed to cross the river. General Woods was instructed to move along the road to Nichols Ferry, demon- strate at that crossing, but moving his command to Peays Ferry by the most direct left-hand road. No signs of the enemy were discovered at either crossing, and the pontoon was laid without interruption. General ilazen crossed his command, taking up position on the oppo- site side of the river. The rest of the corps encamped ready to cross in the morning. On the 23d of February the corps continued crossing the Wateree, and on reaching Liberty Hill broke into two columns, the left, consisting of the First and Third Divisioiis, moving to Flat Rock Church; the right, composed of the Second and Fourth Divisions, to the neighborhood of Red Hill Post-Office. The object of the con- tinued movement was to strike the system of roads leading from Camden to Cheraw, across Lynchs Creek, by Tillers and Kellys Bridges, and to attain this object the left column was moved on the morn- ing of the 24th of February to Wests Cross-Roads, the right column making Big Pine Tree Church on the Camden and Cheraw road. Detachments from the Second and Fourth 1)ivisions entered Camden, destroying all public stores and buildings to be found in the place. No enemy was encountered on this detour. The following morning this column was moved up abreast of the other divisions into position near Pine Tree Church, with one brigade at iXicCaskills Cross-Roads, inak- ing communication complete. While our troops remained at Wests Cross-Roads the enemys cavalry maneuvered on our flanks, and suc- ceeded in picking up a few of our foragers and stragglers, but no serious inconvenience was experienced from their presence. On the morning of the 26th the corps marched to Lynchs Creek, the Fourth and First Divisions to Tillers Bridge, and the Second and Third to Kellys Bridge and prepared to cross that stream. The rains of the previous week had so swollen this stream that, although the bridge remained, the water on each side was deep enough to swim a horse, and presented in its then condition an almost insurmountable obstacle to the crossing of our trains. On reaching the creek, however, General Corse pushed his division across, his men wading up to their armpits, holding above their heads their niuskets and cartridge-boxes. On attaining the other bank he skirmished with and drove Butlers division of rebel cavalry, and took position covered with works to hold and protect the crossing. The first serious detention that the corps had met with since the opening of the campaign was the swollen crossing of Lynchs Creek; too wide to be bridged, too deep to be forded, the only feasible plan was to wait till the water subsided before attempting to cross our trains, but in the meantime our whole available pioneer force was engaged in building a footbridge for the infantry. The same charac- ter of stream was found at Kellys Bridge as at Tillers Bridge, pre- senting the same obstacles to a crossing at that point. The 27th and 28th of February were con sumed in building footbridges and in futile attempts to put in pontoons, for the broken and irregular character of the bottom rendered it impossible to do so with success. But several deep holes were bridged and sunken corduroy put in wher- ever the water had subsided sufficiently to admit of work on the bot- tom. The water having fallen sufficiently to warrant an attempt at crossing our trains, on the 1st of March the crossing was attempted, and by raising our hard bread and ammunition five or six inches in the beds of the wagons the Fourth Division train and a portion of the First Division passed over with little or no damage, but before General Woods could pass the whole of. his train it was necessary to buil Page 230 230 OPERATIONS IN N. 0., S. C., S. GA., AND K FLA. [CHAP. LIX. another bridge of considerable length, so that it was not until the morn- ing of the 2d of March that he succeeded in crossing the last of his wagons. General ilazen, if anything, met with greater obstacles at Kellys Bridge, for just after his bridge had been completed and the wagons were crossing it gave way, and the whole work had to be done over again. But he commenced crossing the same day as General Woods, and the whole of his division, with all the transportation of the Third, was over by the evening of March 2. On the morning of the 1st General Corse had moved out to Black Creek, on the Camden and Cheraw road, and on the 2d crossed his command. The same day the First Division, General Woods com- manding, moved to New Market, crossing Big Black Creek, which bid fair to be as bad as Lynchs Creek, but toward midnight we were able to get in pontoon-boats sufficient to bridge the main part of the stream, and the whole of the command was crossed without loss to our ammnu- nition or subsistence. General Hazen moved from Kellys Bridge, encamping near the forks of the road west of the creek, and lent every assistance in putting in the pontoons. General Smith could only reach Kellytown, where he camped for the night. The next morning the movement was continued on Chei~aw, the Fourth Division moving along the direct Camden and Cheraw road to Thompsons Creek, where the division was encamped. The First and Second Divisions moved by plantation roads across from the New Market alm(l Society Hill road to the Cheraw road, thence in rear ot the Fourth Divisiomi to Thompsom~ s Creek, where the First Division was also encamped in position. The Second Division did not succeed in reaching this advanced position, and as the Seventeenth Corps had entered Cheraw there was no necessity for pushing the division farther than they could move during daylight. The Third Division, crossing Black Creek at Rocky Ford, moved along the Camden and Cheraw road, encamping in the neighborhood of the Second Division. The next morning, the 4th of March, the corps entemed (i~heraw and took position to the north of the town, being encamped across the plank road. The roads leading into Cheraw were very much cut up by the passage of heavy army trains and required a great deal of work betore our trains could be passed over them, but our indefatigable pioneer corps worked faithfully here, as always, and smoothed the way for our troops and trains. Before entering the city a mounted force was organized~ consisting of the Seventh and Ninth Illinois Mounted Infantry, the Twenty-ninth Missouri Mounted Infantry, and a detachment of thirty mounted foragers from each division, the expedition under command of Col. Reuben Will- iams, Twelfth Indiana Infantry, for the purpose of striking the rail- road junction at Florence and destroying the public stores at that place and as much of the railroad as the expeditionary character of the force dispatched could accomplish. This expedition returned with out having entered Florence on account of the presence of the enemy in considerable force but Colonel Williams succeeded in destroyimmg most of the bridging and trestliug between Cheraw and Florence, and fully accomplished in this respect the design of the expedition. For the purpose of foraging upon the country and of using certain mills General John E. Smiths division crossed the Great Pedee at 6 a. m. the 5th ultimo, and moved to position on Phills Creek. General Hazen crossed the same day after the Seventeenth Army Corps, and encamped in support of the Third Division. On the withdrawal of the Seven- teenth Corps the provost guard for the city was drawn from the Fourtim Division, which remained in the city as rear guard for the army. Th Page 231 CHAP. LIX.l THE CAMPAIGN OF TIlE CAROLINAS. 231 rest of the corps crossed the Pedee the 6th of March, the Fourth Division encamping near Easterlys Mills, the First Division in the neighborhood of Quicks Church, with the Third and Second Divisions in the same positions as on the day before. During the campaign every opportunity was seized to work all grist and flour mills met with in the country, and on encamping for the night the mills in the neigh- borhood were regularly assigned to the different divisions. Virtually living upon the country, it was necessary to hnsband onr supplies and pnt under contribution all the resources of the country. The whole corps having crossed the Great Pedee, the movement on Fayetteville was commenced on the 7th ultimo, and the corps broke camp, moving forward in three columns to Crooked Creek, the Fourth Division via Irbys and Easterlings Mills; the First Division on a plan- tation road to the left, running into the road on which the Fourth Divis- ion was marching at Goodwins Mill; the Third and Second Divisions, in that order, via Quicks Church. This column was delayed until a late hour in the day by th& passage of the Twentieth Corps, which crossed our pontoon and moved through our camps, passing in the direction of .liockingham. The movement was continued the next morning on two roads, that to the right leading to Springfield and Laurel Hill and the other more directly to Laurel Hill. The First and Fourth Divisions moved on the right road, the Second and Third on that to the left. About midday a severe storm set in, continuing without intermission during the rest of the day and night; the roads becoming almost imupass- able for our trains, the greatest exertions were necessary to bring them into camp by morning. The Second and Third Divisions reached Laurel Hill, the rear of the Third Division getting into camp at I a. m. The infantry of the First Division, with a portion of the supply train, also reached Laurel Hill, but the remainder of the train was parked some four miles back in the direction of Springfield. The roads became so bad that it was necessary to corduroy nearly the whIe dis- tance before the trains could be gotten up. General Corse did not move farther than Springfield, and reconnoitered during the night for a fresh road to Laurel Hill. In accordance with orders from depart- muent headquarters I moved on the morning of the 9th the Second Division of my corps along the direct road to Gilchrists Bridge; the Third and First J)ivisions, in that order, on a road to the left, striking into the Rockingham and Gilchrists Bridge road, then down that road to the bridge, while the Fourth Division was ordered to follow the Second Division on the direct road. The rains we had had for some days past had swollen all the streams and flooded all the swamps which seemed as it were the road indicated for our march. The entire reach of Jones Creek, at the crossing, a swamp, had to be cordu- royed, and the country was of such a treacherous character that a horseman leaving the main road would most certainly mire. The Second Division succeeded in reaching Gihchrists Bridge and by put- ting in four pontoon-boats completed the crossing. But the trials that this and the other divisions endured in str~iggling through the succes- sion of swamps between Lumber River and Little ]itockfish Creek beggar description; to be fully appreciated the scene of their opera- tions should have been visited; the whole corps worked night amid (lay as pioneers until the treacherous country was passed. No sooiier had the Second Division fairly commenced crossing Lumber River than the rain set in with great violence, completely washing the bottom out of the roads. General Hazen pushed two brigades, with a few wagomis, through to Mill Swamp, parking his train in some open fields abou Page 232 232 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. two miles from Gilchrists Bridge. The remaining brigade was left with his trains. General Smith found good roads till the severe rains of the afternoon set in, when the roads were so bad that in places no ground could be found solid enough for the animals to stand npon, and the wagons had to be pulled out of the mire by relays of men. His Second Brigade succeeded in crossing Lumbcr River, and pushed on in the direction of IRandallsville, the point indicated in the order of march for his whole division. his train and First Brigade did not get nearer the river than four miles, where the trains were brought into park and the troops bivouacked for the night. The First Division, moving in rear of the Third, only succeeded in wholly crossing Jordans Creek by 3 p. in., and during the night pulled up to the neighborhood of the First Bri- gade of General Smiths. The roads that had been pretty good in the morning, when the Third Division passed, were impassable without corduroying before night. The Fourth Division broke camp at day- light from Springfield and moved by plantation roads to Laurel Hill and commenced crossing Jordans Creek about 3 p. m. The whole of this division had not crossed the swamp along the creek before the heavy rain commenced, sinking the bottom of the whole road that had. borne General Hazens train in the morning. General Corse moved on until 9 p. in., corduroying almost every foot of the road and making about four miles from Jordans Creek. One of the swamp bridges had sunk and his command bivouacked, with Juniper Swamp and Creek, swollen into quite a stream, flowing between his brigades. Each divis- ion had heavy working parties on the roads all night, preparatory for an advance in the morning. With things in this condition ~ received your Field Orders, No. 57, directing me to move my command across Little IRockflsh Creek. Circumstances were such that it was impossi- ble to comply with this order, but I issued instructions to my division commanders, urging them to push forward their commands in the morn- ing to the farthest point attainable. General Hazen was directed to close up his command on Bethel Church and report to headquarters the moment that he was ready to move forward. To the other divisions similar instructions were issued, Generals Smith and Woods to move via Randallsville and General Corse to follow General Hazen. Strong working parties from all the divisions were engaged from an early hour in the morning corduroying the road; it was impossible to move a wagon from the direct roa(l; the country was a perfect quicksand. The cordu- roying through the swamps had to be made with trees, felled and split, and in some places fastened down with heavy stringers. The movement of the 10th was a repetition of that of the preceding day. General Corse had rebuilt the bridge across Jnniper Creek, crossed his whole division, and moved to Lumber River, then to the position occupied by General Hazen the night previous, mnassing his troops and trains till the road should be clear for his advance, General Hazemi s train having but fairly stretched out. Col. Wells Jones brigade had been working through the entire morning on the road through Raft Swamp and across Mill Swamp, and the trains of this division drew out about 12 m. reaching and g& ing into park at Bethel Church that night. General Hazen moved his other brigades forward about 3 in the after- noon, with orders to repair the roads in a(lvance for the movement of his train, the same character of quicksammd country being met with. During the night General Corse completed such parts of corduroying as General Hazen had omitted, and moved his supply amid ordnance trains some three miles in advance of his infantry bivonacs, parking tliem in the neighborhood of the trains of the Second Division, a bou Page 233 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 233 daylight the morning of the 11th. General Woods abandoned the road in General Smiths rear and moved across to the old stage road, strik- ing it just as General Corses rear of column was passing. After build- ing a bridge across a mill dam, making connection with the stage road, he moved in the rear of General Corse ~o Gilchrists Bridge. In the meanwhile the rest of General Smiths train having dragged through the swamp and crossed Lumber River, moved out toward Raudallsville, and as General Woods was to take that road, he assumed his old posi- tion in the rear of General Smiths train, encamping some two miles in advance of that village. In accordance with instructions to move as far in the direction of Fayetteville as possible, the corps broke camp at an early hour on the 11th instant, moving on two roads that inter- sected about two miles from Rockfish Creek, General flazen having the advance on one road, General Woods on the other. I can not invite too high praise for both officers and men of the corps for cheerfully sus- taining the severe trials of the past two days, or in encountering those of the 11th, for although clear overhead, the rains had so satnrated the ground that roads, ordinarily good, were impassable without great labor in corduroying and bridging. General Hazen succeeded in crossing Itockfish Creek, putting his command into camp by 9.30 oclock. The other divisions encamped to the west of the creek. During the night General Corse pnt in four pontoon-boats, and completed bridging the creek, as it was found that our hard bread and ammunition would be damaged if the wagons were put through the stream, the water reach- ing some five or six inches in the wagon beds. On the 12th of March the corps moved to position around Fayette- vile, where the troops were granted a few days partial rest after the arduous work of the past week. At this point a thorough inspection of the corps was ordered in compliance with instructions from superior headquarters, directing the reduction of the mounted foragers for divisions to sixty in number, to be under command of an energetic officer and to move in detachments as much as possible. The crossing of the pontoon was chosen as the most fit place for the execution of the order, and the corps underwent a thorough cleansing as to unauthor- ized animals. The morning of the 14th the corps commenced crossing the Cape Fear River, using the two pontoon bridges. The head of column of General Corses division got the bridge about 12 oclock, when the troops and trains of that division and of the Second Division crossed, going into camp in rear of the position occupied by the Seventeenth Corps. The divisions ordered to cross at the upper pontoon did not meet with the same success, as the Left Wing had not completed its crossing until a late hour in the afternoon, but the whole of the Third Division and a portion of the First crossed during the afternoon and evening, and Gen- eral Woods brought over the rest of his command the next day. The further movement from this point was to be in support of the Left Wing of the army, and was to be made with unencumbered divisions, men to be supplied with five days rations. All of our supply train and a portion of our ordnance train was to move by another and lower route directly on Everettsville. The organization of the train was effected before moving from the Cape Fear River, and the First Brigade, First Division, with a regiment each from the Second and Fourth Divisions, under command of Brevet Brigadier-General Woods,~ was assigned as a guard for the train. All the ambulances and twelve ordnance wagons, with the headquarters and regimental teams, accompanied the troops Page 234 234 OPERATIONS IN N. C., ~. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. rOHAP. LIX. All the refugees of the army were concentrated at this point and moved to Wilmington under escort of the men to be discharged from the serv- ice, General Smiths division supplying most of them drawn from my corps. The Fourth, Second, and Third Divisions, iu that order, moved out on the 15th instant to South River, where General Corse encountered the enemys cavalry and easily dislodged them from their positiou on that stream, rebuilding the bridge during the night. The First Divisou remained in camp during the day, which was consumed, as previously stated, in organizing the trains and in dispatchiug the refugees to Wilmington. It rained nearly all day and during the night, making the roads quite heavy. The umovement in support of the Left Wing fairly commenced on the morning of the 16th instant, for on that day the divisions crossed South River and the trains of the corps reached and parked along its banks. The unencumbered divisions were encamped on and in the neighbor- hood of the Fayetteville and Beutonvilme road, just in advance of the trains of the Twentieth Army Corps. On the morning of the 17th the corps moved to Jenks Cross-Roads, and the trains of the corps suc- ceeded in crossing South River, but the bottom of the stream had fallen out and the worst holes had to be filled up with bricks and huge logs, pinned down to make them retain their position, before the wagons could be gotten across. The roads to and from the crossing were in a wretched condition and had to be corduroyed. The move- ment was contimmued on the 18th instant unopposed by serious resist- ance, and the corps was moved to Newton Grove Cross-Roads, with one division in position covering the road to Lees Store. Provisions having been previously made to pontoon the Little Cohera, tIme trains moved across, reaching Beamans Cross-Roads some time during the night. Time roads had grown better, but still required a good deal of corduroying before they would bear our trains. On the 19th immstant the corps moved forward on time most direct road to Everettsville, but owing to the nature of the roads, passing through swaumps amid crossing the headwaters of Falling Creek, the column was not entirely closed up, the wagons of the Third Division stretching out badly, necessitat- ing a good deal of work by General Woods pioneers to clear the way for his division. The head of the column reached the intersection of the Coxs Bridge road before noon, and Colonel Wevers brigade, Third Division, was put in position across that road facing the bridge until the rest of the corps should come up. I had sent my mounted infantry to the bridge across the Neuse near Goldsborough, where they encouimtered a force of the enemys cavalry, and after skirmishing with them during the day compelled the rebels to cross the river and destroy the bridge. l)urimmg the afternoon heavy cannonading was heard in the direction of Bentonville and of the Left Wing, and a force of somue 500 rebel cavalry appearing in the road leading to Coxs Bridge, one regi- ment was pushed out in that direction, driving the enemy from the cross-roads near the bridge. The cannonading still continuing, I ordered Generals Woods and Corse to move up their divisions as rapidly as possible amid put General Smuith in position with orders to intrench. The cross-roads above referred to being considered of great impor- tance Colonel Wevers whole brigade was ordered to that position, and after visiting time ground with the general commanding, it was decided to move Generals Woods and Corses divisioims to that l)oint also, with instructions to make an intrenched line. General ilazen was encamped some miles to the rear, with orders to move at dayligh Page 235 CHAP. LIX.l T.HE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 235 to the support of General Slocuni, retracing his steps to Lees Store and thence along the Bentonville road. During the night orders were received from the general commanding directing that all trains of the corps, ex~ept the ordnance wagoiis and ambulances, should be parked near the line made by Generals Woods and Gorse, nnder protection of one brigade of infantry, which brigade should also have it iu charge to drive the enemy across Coxs Bridge and compel him to burn the same. With the rest of the corps I was ordered to move on the Coxs Bridge and Bentonville road until I should encounter the enemy and be able to establish communication with the Left Wing. In accordance with these instructions the corps broke camp at 5 a. in. the 20th and marched along the Bentonville road, moving in the following order: General Woods in advance, with Gorse and Smith in reserve. Colonel Wevers (Second) brigade, Third Division, succeeded in pushing the enemy across Coxs Bridge, compelling them to destroy the same, wheu he took up position covering the trains. Our advance encountered the enemy l)ut a short distance from camp, when General Woods deployed a strong skirmish line, behind which the main colummi steadily advanced. Occasional shots were fired from our artillery to inform General Slocum that we were moving to his support. On approaching iNlili Creek, where it was expected to find the enemy in force, the rebel cavalry, fighting dismounted, took position behind snccessi~ e barricades previously constructed, but were in each instance driven from them in handsome style. The last outwork defended by the enemy before retreating within their main line having been carried, we held the cross-roads leading to Bentonville and Smithfield ,and could distinctly hear the musketry in General ~ fr& nt. General Woods formed an intrenched line covering the cross-roads, with General Gorse on his right and General Smith in reserve. As well as could be ascertained, the line of the enemy appeared to run through a thickly-woo4ed country, along a ridge opposite to that on which we were in position, right covering both roads and stretching away to the front of the Left Wing, with left refused along the face of Mill Creek. No artillery was developed in our front, but from the direction of the sound wheii the emmemy opened in General Slocums front it seemed as though the enemys line was well advanced on our left. About 4 oclock Generals Woods and Gorse, under cover of a strong skirmish line, advanced their main line near that of the enemy, going into position on a ridge opposite to their works. On the left the skirmish line of the First Division connected with that of the Second Division, in position on the right of the Four- teenth Army Corps, and both lines advancing at the sound of the bugle, drove the rebels back to their works. General Smith was moved up in support, occupying the first line of works made by General Woods. By nightfall the corps was firmly intrenched. Colonel Wever was brought up with the trains, and orders were semit Brevet Brigadier-General Woods to move with his command and join his division, turning the trains of the corps over to a brigade from the Seventeenth Army Corps, assigned as guard for the trains of the army. Skirmishing continued during the night, but without serious loss on either side. March 21, orders having been received for an advance of the skir- mish line at daylight, to ascertain whether any change had taken place in the enemys position, Generals Gorse and Woods pushed their lines forward, but still found the enemy in force. The day had set in with rain, which continued until nightfall, rendering the roads and adjacen Page 236 236 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX. fields almost iml)assable for artillery. General Hazen having reported with his division was assigned position on General Woods left, two brigades front and, one in reserve, aiid advanced his skirmish line, con- necting with that of General Woods. In the morning General Woods advanced his left and center~ and General Corse made a corresponding movement on his right, with which change the line remained substan- tially as it was the night previous. General Corse succeeded in getting fonr guns of Battery II, First Missouri Artillery, in action, and General Woods put a section of the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery in position near the center of his line. Both batteries opened later in the day with great effect. Aboat 1 oclock information was brought from the right that General Mower had successfully advanced his division, capturing several lines of works, when, in accordance with orders from the gen- eral commanding, I directed Generals Woods, ilazen, and C orseto advance their skirmish lines, holding their main line in readiness to push forward and secure any advantage that might be gained. My orders were promptly obeyed, and our skirmish line advanced in gal- lant style, driving the enemy into his works and developing most completely his entire line in our front. It was found to be very nearly as had been supposed, and was discovered to occupy quite a defensible position. The batteries opened on the enemys works with rapidity, and then at proper intervals during the rest of the (lay and night, our skirmishers intrenching the position they had gained. Our trains had been ordered to Everettsville, a~nd Colonel Fort was instructed to send as many empty wagons as he might have with the train to Kinston for rations, ammunition, and clothing. During the night the enemy evacu- ated their whole line of works, falling back across Hannahs Creek in the direction of Smithfield, and on the advance of General Woods division in the morning the bridge across which they had retreated was still iii flames. The object of the campaign having been accomplished the army moved from its works on Mill Creek, commencing with the Left Wing, and passed by corps to the rear in the direction of Goldsborough. I retained C eneral Woods in position at Bentoiiville during the day, with instrnctions to withdraw his division at dark into his lines of the night before, leaving one brigade on Hannahs Creek. General ilazens divis- ion was moved some six miles back in the direction of Goldsborough. On the morning of the 23d instant the corps drew out from its works on Mill Creek, and, taking the road pursued by the Second Division, moved toward Goldsborough. General Hazen crossed the road leading to Coxs Bridge in advance of a division of the Twentieth Corps moving to that crossing, and passed beyond Falling Creek some three miles, where he encamped. As soon as General Jacksons division of the Twentieth Army Corps had passed the other divisions moved over General Hazens road, crossing Falling Creek, and encamping for the night. Our trains had reached Everettsville, and Colonel Fort had sent all his empty wagons to Kinston for supplies for the corps, which were to meet us at Goldsborough. The campaign from Savannah, Ga., to Goldsborough, IN. C., closed on the 24th instant by the movement of the whole army into camp around that place. My trains were brought to this side of the river and redis- tributed to the different divisions, the empty wagons being organized into trains, under supervision of the chief quartermaster, for the purpose of procuring subsistence stores and supplies for the army fromn the depot established at Kinston, N. C. My corps now occupies a defensive line, with works to the east of the city of Goldsborough. The troops ar Page 237 CHAP. LIX.] tHE CALMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 235 to the support of General Slocurn, retracing his steps to Lees Store and thence along the Bentonville road. 1)uring the flight orders were received from the general commanding directing that all trains of the corps, ex~ept the ordnance wagons and ambulances, should be parked near the line made by Generals Woods and Corse, nuder protection of one brigade of infantry, which brigade should also have it in charge to drive the enemy across Coxs Bridge and compel him to burn the same. With the rest of the corps I was ordered to iiiove on the Coxs Bridge and Bentonvihle road until I should encounter the enemy and be able to establish communication with the Left Wing. In accordance with these instructions the corps broke camp at 5 a. m. the 20th and marched along the Bentonville road, moving in the following order: General Woods in advance, with Corse and Smith in reserve. Colonel Wevers (Second) brigade, Third Division, succeeded in pushing the enemy across Coxs Bridge, compelling them to destroy the same, when he took up position covering the trains. Our advance encountered the enemi~y but a short distance from camp, when General Woods deployed a strong skirmish line, behind which the main column steadily advanced. Occasional shots were fired from our artillery to intorm General Slocam that we were moving to his support. On approaching Alili Creek, where it was expected to find the enemy in force, the rebel cavalry, fighting dismounted, took position behind successix e barricades previously constructed, but were in each instance driven from them in handsome style. The last outwork defended by the enemy before retreating within their main line having been carried, we held the cross-roads leading to Bentonville and Smithfield ,and could distinctly hear the musketry in General ~ front. General Woods formed an intrenehed line covering the cross-roads, with General Corse on his right awl General Smith in reserve. As well as could be ascertained, the line of the enemy appeared to run through a thickly-wooded country, along a ridge opposite to that on which we were in position, right covering both roads and stretching away to the front of the Left Wing, with left refused along the face of Mill Creek. No artillery was developed in our front, but from the direction of the sound when the enemy opened in General Slocums front it seemed as though the enemys line was well advanced on our left. About 4 oclock Generals Woods and Corse, under cover of a strong skirmish line, advanced their main line near that of the enemy, going into position on a ridge opposite to their works. On the left the skirmish line of the First Division connected with that of the Second Division, in position on the right of the Four- teenth Army Corps, and both lines advancing at the sound of the bugle, drove the rebels back to their works. General Smith was moved up in support, occupying the first line of works ma(le by General Woods. By nightfall the corps was firmly intrenched. Colonel Wever was brought up with the trains and orders were sent Brevet Brigadier-General Woods to move with his command and join his division, turning the trains of the corps over to a brigade from the Seventeenth Army Corps, assigned as guard for the trains of the army. Skirmishing continued during the night, but without serious loss on either side. March 21, orders having been received for an advance of the skir- mish line at daylight, to ascertain whether any change had taken place in the enemys position, Gemmerals Corse and Woods pushed their lines forward, but still found the enemy in force. The day had set in with rain, which continued until nightfall, rendering the roads and adjacen Page 238 Ciw. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 237 being refitted for a new campaign, and such supplies as can be pro- cured from the depots of Goldsborongh and Kinston are being received and issued by my chief quartermaster and commissary. I have the honor to invite your attention to the subjoined tables, show- ing the amount of corduroying and bridging done by the corps during the past campaign, and the amount of property received, issued, and destroyed during the same period. In submitting my report of the oper- ations of the corps during the past campaign it affords me gratification to call the attention of the commanding general to the able manner iu which my division commanders have discharged their duties, and the hearty co-operation I havereceived from them in every instance~ whether among the swamps of Carolina, at the crossings of the large rivers we have passed, or on the field of action their conduct merits my warm- est commendation and praise, and to the gallant officers and soldiers of this corps who have earnestly striven with me to execute all your orders with promptness and success I tender my hearty thanks. In consideration of their valuable services during the past campaign I would respectfully recommend for promotion to the rank of major-gen- eral the following named division commanders: Bvt. Maj. Gen. C. R. Woods, commanding First Division; Bvt. Maj. Gen. John E. Smith, commanding Third Division; Bvt. Maj. Gen. John M. Corse, command- ing Fourth Division. And for gallant and faithful services during the trying marches and engagements of the campaign the following- named officers for promotion to the rank of brigadier-general: Bvt. Brig. Gen. W. B. Woods, commanding First Brigade, First Division; Col. Theo. Jones, commanding First Brigade, Second Division; Col. Robert F. Catterson, commanding Second Brigade, First Division; Col. John E. Tourtellotte, commanding Fourth Minnesota Infantry; Col. iR. N. Adams, commanding Second Brigade, Fourth Division. For minute particulars of the movement of each division, and for further recommendations for promotion, I have the honor to invite your attention to the reports of the several division commanders herewith transmitted. In conclnsion, I would commend to the attention of the general com- manding the several members of my staff who have materially aided me during the past campaign: To Lieutenant-Colonel Woodhull, assist- ant adjutant-general; Lieutenant-Colonel Fort, chief quartermaster; Lieutenant Colonel Carpenter, chief commissary of snbsistence; Lieu- tenant-Colonel Ross, chief of artillery. To my medical director, Sur- geon Niccolls; my medical inspector, Major Woodworth; and my pro- vost-marshal, Major Gillette; and to aides-de-camp, Major Perry, Major Hoover, Captains Pratt and Mitchell; and to Lieutenant-Colonel Yorke, assistant inspector-general; and Captain Whitehead, assistant adju- tant-general and acting aide-de-camp, I tender my thanks for their assistance and co-operation. I would further invite attention to the meritorious services of the signal detachment under command of Lieutenant Sherfy, and to the efficient aid rendered by my acting engineer officer, H. Klostermann, to whom I am indebted for the subjoined maps* showing the route of march of the corps. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN A. LOGAN, Major- General. Capt. A. M. VAN DYKE, Assistant Adjutant- General, Army qf the Tennessee. Not found Page 239 238 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Roster of the command. Brigade commanders. Regiments. Regimental commanders. First Division, Bvt. Maj. Gen. Charles R. Woods commanding. First Brigade, Bvt. Brig. Gen. W. B. Woods. Second Brigade, Col. R. F. Catterson.. Third Brigade, Col. George A. Stone - - Second Division, Msj. Gen. William B. Hazen commanding. First Brigade, Col. Theodore Jones - Second Brigade, Col. W. S. Joncs Third Brigade, Brig. Gen. John M. Oliver. Third Division, Bvt. Maj. Gen. John E. Smith commanding. First Brigade, Brig. Gen. W. T. Clark. Second Brigade, Col. John E. Tour. tellotte. Fourth Division, Bvt. Maj. Gen. John M. Corso commanding. First Brigade, Col. N. B. Howard Second Brigade, CoL R. N. Adams Third Brigade, Lieut. Col. F. J. Hurl. hut. Artillery Brigade, Lient. Col. William H. Ross. 12th Indiana Infantry. 76th Ohio Infantry 27th Missouri Infasitry Battalion llst and 12d Mis- sonri Infantry. 26th Iowa Infantry 40th Illinois Infantry 46th Ohio Infantry lOld Illinois Infantry 97th Indiana Infantry 6th Iowa Infantry 26th Illinois Infantry 100th Indiana Infantry 4th Iowa Infantry 9th Iowa Infantry 25th Iowa Infantry 10th lown Infantry list Iowa Infantry 6th Missouri Infantry.... 55th Illinois Infantry 116th Illinois Infantry 127th Illinois Infantry 10th Ohio Infantry 57th Ohio Infantry 17th Ohio Infantry 47th Ohio Infantry SId Ohio Infantry 54th Ohio Infantry SId Indiana Infantry 111th Illinois Infantry 15th Michigan Infantry.... 70th Ohio Infantry 48th Illinois Infantry 90th Illinois Infantry 99th Indiana Infantry 61d Illinois Infantry 48th IndianaInfantry 59th Indiana Infantry 91d Illinois Infantry 18th Wisconsin Infantry. - 4th Miniiesotalnfantry... 10th Iowa Infantry 56th Illinois Infantry 80th Ohio Infantry 1st Battalion 26th Missouri and detachment 10th Missouri. 2d Iowa Infantry 7th Iowa Infantry 66th Indiana Infantry 52d Illinois Infantry 12th Illinois Infantry 66th Illinois Infantry 81st Ohio lufantry 7th Illinois Infantry 19th towa Infantry 50th Illinois infantry 57th Illinois Infantry 110th U. S. Colored Infantry. 12th Wisconsin Battery Battery H, 1st Illinois Ar. tillery. Battery B, 1st Michigan Ar. tillery. Battery H, 1st Missouri Ar. tillery. Col. Reuben Williams. Lient. Col. Edward Briggs. Col. Thomas Curly. Lient. Col. A. J. Scay. Maj. John Lubbers. Lient. Col. H. W. Hall. Lient. Col. E. N. Upton. Lient. CoL George W. Wright. Lient. Col. A. G. Cavins. Lieut. Col. W. H. Clune. Lient. Col. I. J. Bloomfield. Maj. R. M. Johnson. Capt. Randolph Sry. Mnj. A. Ahernethy. IAnut. Col. D. J. Palmer. Liout. Col. A. Roberts. Lient. Col. J. W. Jenkins. Lient. Col. Delos Van Den. sen. Capt. Charles A. Andress. Lieut. Col. John E. Maddux. Capt. Charles Seliryver. Capt. E. P. Brooks. Lient. Col. L. von Blessiugh. Col. A. C. Parry. Cart. Robert Curren, Lient. Col. I. T. Moore. Capt. William N. Craw. Lient. Col. J. F. Black. Lient. Col. F. S. Hutchinson. Lient. Col. H. L. Philips. Lient. Col. T. L. B. Weems. Lient. Col. Owen Stuart. Capt. Josiah Farrar. Col. J. B. McCown. Capt. Newton Biagham. Maj. Thomas A. McNaught. Lient. Col. N. C. Bnswell. Lient. Col. Charles H. Jack. son. Capt. L. R. Weilman. Lient. Col.WilliamH. Silsby. Lieut. Col. John P. Hall. Lient. Col. Pren MeLliam. Lieut. T. M. Rice. Lieut. Col. G. L. Wright. Lieut. Col. J. C. Parrott. Lieut. Col. R. Martin. Lient. Col. J. D. Davis. Lient. Col. H. Van Sellar. Lieut. Col. A. K. Campbell. Maj. William C. Henry. Lient. Col. H. Perrin. Lieut. Col. J. M. Griffiths. Lient. Col. William Hanna. Ma.j. F. A. Battey. Maj. W. C. Hawley. Capt. William Zickerick. Second Lieut. Robert S. Gray. First Lieut. Ed. B. Wright. Capt. C. M. Callahan. 29th Missouri Mounted Infantry CoL Joseph S. Gage Page 240 239 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Report of effective force, January ~8, 1865. Command. Officers. Men. Aggregate. First Division, Brevet Major-General Woods 221 4,424 4, 690 Second Division, Major-General Hazon 223 4,415 4,640 Ihird Division, Brevet Major-General Smith 166 2, 653 2, 819 Fourth Division, Brevet Major-General Corse 182 3, 733 3, 915 Artillery Brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Ross 15 430 445 29th Missouri Mounted infantry, Major Burkhardt 7 114 121 Total 861 15,769 16,610 1.Summary of casualties. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. a a Command. ,,i ,i .bC a a a- a a e a ~ a~ a n ec a a ~1a ~ a ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Oj~ 0 FirstDivision, BrevetMajor-General Woods 21 11 128 2 27 13 176 189 Second Division, Major-General Hazen 2 15 7 45 1 44 10 104 114 Third Division, BrevetMajor-General Smith 1 16 10 2 18 3 44 47 FoorthDivision,BrevetMajor-GeneralCorse 8 47 36 91 91 Total 3 60 18 230 5 125 26 415 441 II.Prisoeers, deserters, and refugees. Prisoners iRehel de- Released from of war. serters, Refugees. rebel prisons. Command. - a - .~ a n a a Q a -~ ~ a 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ First Division, Brevet Major-General Woods - 12 353 32 130 257 Second Division, Major-General Hazen 9 1St, 13 104 465 Third Division, Brevet Major-General Smith - 1 49 36 90 730 10 25 Fourth Division, Bi-evet Major-General Corse 3 29 1 21 300 1, 800 - 14 Detachments 8 26 4 Total 33607 1 106 624 3,252 10 39 III.Subsistence stores captured. Command. Flour, a Meal. a Bacon, Sugar. Tobacco, Whisky. Pounds.1 Peunds. Pounds, Pounds. Founds. Barrels. First Division, BrevetMajor-General Woods 4, 508 137, 500 125, 900 Second Division, Major-General Hazen 25, 000 80, 000 120, 000 900 Third Division, BrevetMajor-General Smith 120, 000 129, 000 - Fourth Division, BrevetMajor-General Corse~ 2, 000 90, 000 50, 000 1, 200 - - 4,700 s Total 31, 508 427, 500 424, 000 2, 100 4, 700 5 a Mostly ground hy troops. C~. LIX. Page 241 CN.& r. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 241 A DDE NDA. HDQRS. DEPARTMENT AND ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Pattersons Cross-Roads, S. C., February 23, 1865. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN, ~Jommanding Dfteenth Army Corps: GENERAL: It is my purpose to publish an order of congratulation to the army as soon as the pressure of duty will permit me, but I cannot longer delay an expression of thanks due to yourself and your remarka- ble corps for the completeness of success which has attended you during the vigorous operation from Savannah to the taking of Colum- bia. You were present when John E. Smiths division forced its way across the Little Salkehatchie Swamp. You visited the bridges where General ilazen crossed the Edisto, and also witnessed the operations of the same division near Shillings Bridge, where the deep, wide, and difficult swamp was crossed, [the enemy] captured or scattered, and I trust you will do them honor by graphic aiid distinctive narration of their generous and indefatigable labor which resulted in success. I was with you at Congaree Creek, and shall not soon forget the difficult ground, the almost unassailable position of the enemy at the bridge, where General Woods division waded through the mud, the swamp, and the creek and succeeded in dislodging the rebels and putting them to flight. I closed my letter to General Sherman that day as follows: The vigor and boldness that have characterized our men during the hardships of the last campaign were again exhibited to-day. You yourself know the difficnlties of the ground, the mud, the water, swamps, deep creeks, and ditches that they had to overcome in order to get at the enemy. Again, I was with you when you pushed ilazen across the Saluda, and also vividly recall the work of the entire night and the severe skirmish of the morning which Woods division had to secure the cross- ing of the Broad. The successful expedition of General Corse along the line of the railroad, when he, together with your mounted infantry, ren- dered useless about thirty miles of it and destroyed an immense amount of rebel property, and afterward pushed with so much promptitude to the head of the column, merely afford us fresh instances of the earnest energy of himself and his command. The faithfulness with which every duty has been executed, the unflagging attention to orders, and the cheerful and hearty deportment of the entire corps afford me a sincere pleasure and a peculiar faith in your success. In this letter Ihave scarcelyhintedattheoperationsofyourcommand,but,believe me, general, your own energetic co-operation in these movements, which have resulted already in the fall of Columbia and Charleston and in the almost irreparable disruption of the enemys lines of communication and supply, cannever be forgotten. Tender my congratulations and thanks to your noble division and brigade commanders, and through them to the officers and men in their charge. May the biessing of Heaven continue with us, and nothing ever occur to mar the fair record of the Army of the Tennessee. Very respectfully, 0. 0. HOWAIW, Major- General. 16 R UVOL. XLYII7 PT. I Page 242 242 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. No. 12. Reports of Bvt. ]Ifaj. Gen. Charles R. Woods, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations January 10March 24 and April 1011. IIDQRs. FIRST DIVIsION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Near Longtown, i~. C., February 21, 1865. MAJOR: In obedience to your communication of the 20th instant, calling for a report of the operations of my command from the cross- ing of Sandy Run until the Federal evacuation of Columbia, S. C., I respectfully submit the following: Leaving my camp at Buckers plantation the morning of February 14,1 marched by a plantation road as far as Sandy Run. I here struck the State road, and, crossing the stream about 2 p. in., i continued for some four miles farther in the direction of Columbia, reaching with my head of column the camp-ground assigned me at Wolfs plantation at 4 oclock in the afternoon. 1 met with the rebel cavalry outpost at this point, but soon drove them back with my skirmishers, four companies being deployed across the road for that purpose. Encamping my division on a range of hills well adapted to defense, I threw up good earth-works on my front line, extending the embankment across the road to protect my battery that had there been put in position. Dur- ing the night the rebel cavalry made a dash on my picket vedettes, capturing three of them, as well as First Lient. David liorick, G Com- pany, Thirty-first Iowa Infantry, picket officer of the Third Brigade, who was at that time out superintending his line. The next morning at daylight I was out of camp and on the road toward Columbia. I met with stubborn opposition throughout the entire day, and, being obliged to march with a heavy skirmish line constantly covering my advance, it was not until the afternoon that I reached the neighborhood of the Little Congaree Creek, but five miles distant. The enemy was here developed on the river bank in considerable force, with three pieces of artillery protecting his position. I ordered Col. R. F. Catterson, commanding the Second Brigade, to deploy his com- mand to the right of the road, with instrnctions to feel towar(1 the left flank of the enemys line and, if possible, to cross the river below him. At the same time the Third Brigade, Col. George A. Stone commanding, was moved off to the left of theroad with the same object in view respect- ing the right flank of the enemy, both brigades moving under cover of a strong connected line of skirmishers. The First Brigade, Brevet Briga- dier-General Woods commanding, was held in reserve. Colonel Stones skirmishers getting fairly on the flank of the rebel line, handsomely turned it, driving the skirmishers back beyond the river. The Fourth Iowa Infantry, moving still farther to the right and rear of the cimemny, managed to effect a crossing over the stream above him, and at the same time Colonel Catterson having obtained a foothold l)elow and my skirmishers pressing themii very hard in front, the enemy was obliged to fall back from his works along the river bank to an inner line nearer the main Conga~ee River. The works thus gained were strongly constructed and most admirably adapted to the defense of the crossing. As soon as it was seen that the rebels were leaving their position I at once pushed the Second Brigade and one section of artillery (Twelfth Wisconsin Battery) across the river, moving over to the bridge that had been but partially burned by the enemy, moving forward for nearly a mile beyond the river in pursuit of the retreating columns of the enemy. I was here obliged to halt and wait the remainder of my divisioi, which was delayed some time at the river crossing. This not coming up until late in the afternoon, darknes Page 243 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 243 prevented my farther advance, and, s& ectin g a ridge of ground well adapted for the purpose des~red, I encamped my division with my left resting on the river bank and my right connecting with the Second Division that had in the meantime crossed the river. My position was made secure by the erection of substantial earth-works along my front line. The next morning, the 16th instant, it being ascertained ihat the enemy had withdrawn from his works in my front, my division was promptly moved forward to a point on the State road nearly oppo- site the center of the city. Temporarily halting here, toward night I again moved forward, crossing the pontoon over the Saluda River, near the factory. I encamped in position on the bank of Broad River, near the bridge. During the night, in accordance with instructions received from the major-general commanding the army corps, a crossing was effected over the river at this place, which, owing to the great width of the stream and the extreme rapidity of the current, was a very difficult task and between 7 and 8 oclock the following morning the Third Brigad~ had crossed to tIme opposite shore, moving over by means of three pontoon- boats, that were with great difficulty towed from one side of the stream to the other, and obtained possession of a good range of hills crossing the main Columbia road, from which it had gallantly driven the rebel skirmishers, capturing twenty of their number. The enemy very soon withdrew in the direction of Columbia, when the mayor of the place came out under a flag and signified to Colonel Stone that the rebels had evacuated the town. lie at once moved his brigade in and took possession, the balance of the division folloxving as soon as the pontoon- boats were laid across Broad River. 1 encamped my command just beyond the city, on the east side of the Columbia and South Carolina Railroad, throwing up light works in my front. It may be proper to state that the troops first entering the city were freely supplied by the citizens with great quantities of intoxicating liquors, so that the confusion inevitable on the entry into a captured cmty was very materially increased, and at night, in obedience to the orders of the major-general commanding, the brigade on provost duty in the city was relieved by the First Brigade of this division, Bvt. Bring. Gen. William B. Woods commuanding. During the evemming a fire broke out in the western part of the city, which rapidly spread over that por- tion of the town, owing to the high winds that swept the flames rapidly from one street to another. At the same time the town was fired in sev- eral different places by the villains that had that day been improperly freed from their confinement in the town prison. The town itself was full of drunken imegroes and the vilest vagabond seldiers, the veriest scum of the entire army being collected imi the streets. Every measure prac- ticable was adopted to prevent the spreading of the fire; but oxving to the gale that was sweeping over the place, the absence of any proper water power, and the fact that the city was filled with both citizens and soldiers who were in noways disposed to have the scemme closed, it was an almost impossibility to arrest the flames. About one-third of the city was destroyed, including the principal part of the business portion of the place. During the 18th amid 19th instant my command remained at and near Columbia. On the 19th a detailed party from my division destroyed 550 bales of cotton that were stored in the town. In addition to this there were 820 bales found piled up in the stree-ts that were also de4royed. i append a statement of the amount of 1)ropcrty belonging to the Confederate Government that was destroyed Page 244 244 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. The casualties iii this command were: At the crossing of the Little Congaree, 5 eidisted men killed and 10 wounded; total, 15. At the crossing of Broad River, 1 commissioned officer and 4 enlisted men wounded; total, 5. Please see list of casualties annexed. I shall for- ward reports of brigade commanders as 80011 as they are received. I have the honor, major, to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CIIAS. It. WOODS, Brevet Major- General. Maj. MAX WOODHULL, Assistant Adjutant- General, Fifteenth Army Corps. [Inclosure.] Inventory of ordnance and ordnance stores captured in Columbia, S. C., February 17, 1865. Ball cartridges (no caps) 1,200, 000 Percussion caps. 100, 000 Powder pounds 26, 150 12-pounder gun ammunition, fixed rounds - 1, 007 6-pounder gun ammunition, fixed do~ 3,852 24-pounder gun ammunition, fixed do - - 546 8-inch shot and shell do - - 2, 364 10-inch shot and shell do - - - 1, 320 Stands of arms 10, 410 Unfinished arms 6,000 6-pounder guns 14 James guns 2 12-pounder mountain howitzers 5 Blakely guns 4 18-pounder rifled guns 3 Wiard gun 1 3-inch rifle 1 10-pounder guns 2 4-inch gnu 1 4-inch mortars 2 6-inch Coehorn 1 Bronze guns, caliber 11 and 2 inches 4 4-inch gun, smooth-bore 1 10- pounder Parrotts 2 Repeating battery 1 Gun carriages Gun caissons 14 Gun (mountain howitzer) caissons 3 Forges 2 Anvils Blacksmiths vises 20 Sponges and rammers 1, 125 Sabers, cavalry, artillery, and naval 3, 100 Saber knots 700 Pairs cavalry pistol holsters 300 Saber belts 800 Bayonet scabbards 4, 000 Cartridge-boxes (infantry) 5, 150 Cartridge-box plates 3, 500 Cartridge-box belts and plates 2, 500 Waist-belts 2,900 Waist-belt plates 3, 000 Ball screws 2,000 Pistol cartridge-boxes 550 Gunners shot-pouches 600 Knapsacks 1,100 Haversacks 900 Slow match yards~ 500 10-inch fuses 900 Tents 58 PHILIP MACCAHILL, Lie-at. and Aety. Ordnance Officer, First Div., Fifteenth Army Corps Page 245 CH~. LIX.] 245 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. HDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Near Goldsborough, N 0., March 28, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to respectfully transmit the following report of the operations of my division from the time of leaving Savannah, Ga., in Jannary last, until reaching this point the 24th instant: In obedience to orders received from Major-General Logan, I left my camp near Savannah on the 10th of January, marching that day to Thunderbolt, the point of embarkation, some eight miles distant. The Seventeenth Army Corps was found to be making use of all the ship- ping, and it was several da~is before I obtained control of any of the vessels. In the meantime I constructed two very substantial landings that enabled me to expedite my loading very considerably. It was not until the 17th of January that my entire division was transferred from Thunderbolt to Beaufort, S. C., and its vicinity (one brigade being out at Gardens Corners). While here all possible preparation was rapidly made for the approaching campaign, and on the 27th df January I left Beaufort, marching my two remaining brigades out as far as Gardens Corners, where I remained until the morning of January 30, when I moved forward to McPhersonville. I halted here one day, sending back to Pocotaligo for additional supplies. Leaving my camp the next morn- ing, February 1, I marched forward in the direction of Hickory Hill Post-Office, skirmishing light with the enemys cavalry at this point. I had one man wounded in the skirmish at Hickory Hill. Continuing my march now uninterrupted, I reached Bufords Bridge over the Salkehatchie River on the 4th of February. The road here had been much obstructed by the rebels, and before my column reached the river they had evacuated their well-constructed works covering the bridge and river crossing. Moving over the river on the 5th I advanced some four miles, crossing the Little Salkehatchie the next day. On the 7th of Febraary I reached Bainberg, a station on the Charleston and Augnsta Railroad, and I immediately, in compliance with instructions received from the major-general commanding, directed one of my bri- gades, the First, Brevet Brigadier-General Woods commanding, at work tearing up the track and destroying the iron and ties, while the remaining two brigades of my division proceeded about one mile north of the village, where I took up an intrenched position, covering the approaches to town from that direction. On the 8th I remained in the position taken near Bamberg, the First Brigade still continuing its work of destroying the railroad. On the morning of February 9 I moved in the direction of Grahams, camping north of the railroad near that place. The Third Brigade, Col. George A. Stone commanding, was here sent forward to Blackville for the purpose of destroying the railroad in that vicinity. February 10 I remained in camp again, the Second Brigade, Col. R. F. Catterson commanding, as well as parts of the balance of my command, being engaged in tearing up the rail- road all day. Leaving my camp here on the morning of February 12 I coiitinued my march without interruption. For the movements of my division for the ensuing ten days I respect- fully call your attention to the official report rendered by me on the 21st of February when encamped in the vicinity of Longtown, copy here- with inclosed.* Leaving my camp at the place last mentioned on the morning of Feb- ruary 22, I marched to Peays Ferry ovem3 the Wateree River. Crossing the river on the 23d, I moved forward by way of Wests Cross-Roads *Seep 242 Page 246 246 OPERATIONS IN N. 0., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAlk. LIX. to Tillers Ferry over Big Lynchs Creek, reaching and encamping in the vicinity of the creek the evening of February 26. I did not get the crossing until March 1, and I was then obliged to build a heavy bridge of over 100 yards in length before I could move my command over. This was begun and completed the night of March 1, and at 7 oclock the next morning my entire division had crossed the creek. Moving out of camp from the east side of the creek at 9 a. m. the 2d of March, I marched via New Market, encamping my division one mile north of Cheraw on the evening of March 4. Breaking camp again on the moruing of March 6 I crossed the pontoon bridge over the Pedee River and continued my advance without any interruption from the enemy, crossing Lumber River the 10th instant, and encamped March 12 within three miles of Fayetteville on the main Fayetteville road. Leav. ing my camp near Fayetteville on the evening of March 14, I crossed Cape Fear River the same night, encamping about one mile beyond the pontoon bridge. At this point the First Brigade, Brevet Brigadier- General Woods commanding, was detached from my command and- assigned to duty, by order of Major-General Logan, as escort for the trains of the army corps tfiat were to march by a different route. Mov- ing forward on the morning of March 16, I continued on the road as taken by the remaining divisions of the corps, reaching the neighbor- hood of Coxs Bridge over the Neuse River on the evening of March 19. I encamped my division in position about half a mile from the point of intersection as made by the Bentouville road with that on which I had been marching and intrenched my position the same night. The next morning, the 20th instant, incompliance with the orders given me by Major-General Logan, with Colonel Catterson in the advance, I moved out on the road toward the bridge until reaching the point of intersection above referred to, when I took the road leading to the left toward Bentonville. I marched about fonr miles before I struck the outposts of the enemy, but from that time forward my advance had to be made under cover of a good line of skirmishers, and about 11 a. or when I had advanced some eight miles on this road, the Forty-sixth~ Ohio Infantry, then deployed as skirmishers, became so actively emigaged with the enemy that I immediately deployed the two brigades of my division on either side of the road, selecting the most advantageous ground and throwing u~ii light rail-works in front of my line. The Forty-sixth Ohio Infantry having dislodged the rebels, and by a most gallant charge driven them from a strong and extensive line of rail pits that they had established covering the road at the fork leading toward Smithfield, in obedience to the directions received from Major-Gen- eral Logan I immnediately moved my lines up to this point and at once took position, extending mny lines so as to include both roads beyond the forks. The Forty-sixth Ohio Infantry, still deployed as skirmishers, was moved down the road leading toward Smithfield, supported by the One hundredth Indiana Infantry. The Twenty-fifth Iowa Infantry was promptly deployed forward, covering the road upon which I had been marching. The Forty-sixth Ohio Infantry soon struck the main line of the enemy, discovering him admirably posted behind well-constructed works. The right of the Twenty-fifth Iowa also had not gone fimr before meeting the rebels behind their works. The left of this regiment, ~that had by this time connected itself with the right of the Second Divmsion skirmish line, moved forward ~vith it and gradually swung around to the right, leaving the road entirely in the rear, so that the enemys line was now developed as running almost parallel to the road on which my column had been marching and extending across the Smithfield for Page 247 CHAP. LTX.1 THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 247 about one-fourth of a mile from where the main road branched. That night my lines were reformed and I built works anew, conforming them to the lines of the enemy as developed by my skiriuishers, my right con- necting with Brevet Major-General Gorse, of the Fourth Division, and my left with Major-General ilazen, of the Second Division. The next morning, the 21st instant, a heavy skirmish line was advanced along my entire front, discovering the enemy still strongly posted in his works. Brevet Brigadier-General Woods rejoined me to-day with his brigade, and I at once placed him iu position in the center of the line, the Second Brigade, Col. Ii. F. Catterson coiumandiiig, beiHg on the right, and the Third Brigade, Col. George ~X. Stone commanding, having the left. My lines were advanced again during the afternoon, the skirmishers moving forward in handsome style, driving the rebel skirmishers out of their intrenched skirmish pits and forcing them back npon their main works, my skirmishers holding all the ground gained, and that, too, under volley firing from the main works of the enemy. I posted a sec- tion of the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery on my line in Colonel Cattersons front, and I cannot but speak of the admirable execution and service rendered. The tiring enfiladed the enemys line, and, as was afterward shown, the shots were all directed with great precision, the works giving every evidence of the batterys presence. At dark the new position I had gained was strongly intrenched. At daylight the next morning, the 22d instant, my skirmishers were again advanced and the rebel works discovered to be evacuated. Colonel Catterson, having received instructions direct from Major- General Logan, moved out on the Smithfield road, passing beyond Bentonville as far as Hannahs Creek, where he skirmished consider- ably with the rear guard of the enemy. I followed np with the balance of my division, halting at Bentonville, where Colonel Catterson was ordered to return. Remaining here with my division during the entire day I withdrew to my position of the previous night at 6 p. in., leaving Colonel Catterson with his brigade at Bentonville to destroy the bridge over Mill Creek, with orders to rejoin the division at 4 a. m. the next day. Moving out at about 10 oclock the morning of the 23d, I crossed the pontoon over the Neuse River the afternoon of the 24th, and encamped in the position as assigned me around Goldsborough on the New Berne road. 1 respectfully inclose a list of the casualties in my command during the skirmishing of the 20th, 21st, and 22d of March.* I also respectfully invite the attention of the major-general commanding to the amount of corduroying and bridge building as done by the pioiieer corps and the several brigades of my division during the campaign recently closed, and also to the inclosed statement showing the amount of railroad and other property destroyed, and statistics showing the estimated amount of grain amid forage captured from the country. I respectfully refer to the inclosed official report of Capt. George A. Henry, provost-marshal of the division, showing the number of prisoners captured by my command, and to the inclosed tabular list of the men lost from the division by capture.t I destroyed, including the cotton burned at Columbia, 1,850 bales of cotton, burning 1,370 bales at Columbia alone. I inclose the official report of my brigade commanders I would earnestly but respectfully recommend for promotion on account of his efficiency as ami officer and his able management of his * Embodied in table, p. 67. Shows 2 officers and iO men Page 248 248 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. brigade during the campaign Bvt. Brig. Gen. William B. Woods to the rank of full brigadier-general and I also recommend with pleasure the promotion of Col. IR. F. Catterson (Ninety-seventh Indiana Infantry), commanding Second Brigade, to the rank of brigadier-general. Col- onel Catterson has long commanded the Second Brigade of this divis- ion, and he has shown himself ever to be a brave, gallant, and com- petent officer, and one well meriting promotion. The officers and men throughout my division have all borne a noble, manly part in the campaign, enduring hardships and labor without murmuring, and bearing themselves well when before the enemy. I mention the names as conspicuous for gallantry amongst many: Cap- tain Allen, of the Twenty-fifth Iowa, who lost a leg in the fighting of the 20th; Captain Teale, of the Fourth Iowa, mentione(l especially by his brigade commander, who was severely wounded on the 21st; Cap- tain Bureli, of the Consolidated Battalion Thirty-first and Thirty-second Missouri, badly hurt on the 21st, and Lieutenant and Adjutant Ler- mond, One hundred and third Illinois, also wounded on the 21st. Had I space I would gladly mention many more brave men that came under my notice. To the various members of my staffDoctor French, surgeon-in-chief; Major Perkins, chief of staff; Captain Alexander, assistant commissary of mnsters; Captain Smith, acting assistant inspector-general; Captain henry, provost-marshal; Captain Wilson, acting assistant adjutant- general, and my two aides-de-camp, Lieutenants Critz and MarriottI tender my thanks for the willing and able service they have rendered me, whether in camp, on the march, or on the field of battle. I have the honor to be, major, with respect, your obedient servant, CHAS. Th WOODS, Brevet Major- General. Maj. MAX WOODHULL, Assistant Adjutant- General, Fmfteenth Army Gorps. [Inclosure.] 1-IDQRS. FIRST DIVIsION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CoRPS, OFFICE OF PROVOST-MARSHAL, In the Fielq, N. C., March 23, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of prisoners of war, captured by this division during the past campaign, commenc- ing on the 27th day of January and ending on the 22d day of March, 165, viz: Colonel 1 3 First lieutenants 4 Second lieutenants 4 Sergeants 9 Corporals 13 Privates 331 Total 365 Total commissioned 12 Total noa-commissiolle(l 22 Total privates 331 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, GEG. A. HENRY, (Japtaim and Provost-Marshal. Capt. FRED. II. WILSON, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gut., First Division, F~Jteenth Army Corps Page 249 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 249 IIDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Near Nahunta $tation, N. C., Ajpnl 10, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to report that, in compliance with the written orders of Major-(~eneral Logan, I left my camp near Golds- borough at 5 oclock this morning, moving on the direct road leading toward Pikeville, a station on the Weldon railroad. When I had arrived within some three miles of this place I took a road leading to the right and almost immediately crossing Nahunta Creek. I here found a few of the rebel cavalry, but they did not impede my advance to any material extent. Continuing on this road for the distance of some three miles I struck the road leading toward Beulah and Folks Bridge on Little River. R3bel cavalry now showed themselves in my front with some boldness, and appearances began to indicate that I was approach- ing their reserve. I learned that General Riddles [0?] division was encamped on the cross-roads on which I am now located, and so pushed forward as rapidly as possible in order to engage him at this place, but my skirmishers met with quite determined resistance, especially at the cross-roads, so that when I gained the ground I found nothing but the burning camp-fires they had hastily abandoned. I judge from the appearance of the enemys camp at this place that he must have been about 1,500 strong. I went into camp at 5 p. in.; am covering the roads toward Beulah and Wilsons, as well as the one on which I have been marching and the one leading toward Pikeville. My headquarters are near the cross-roads. I have received no casualty reports from my command to-day. 1 am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. R. WOODS, Brevet Major- General. Licut. Col. MAX WOODHULL, A. A. C., Pifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Carters Plantation, N. C., April 11, 1865. COLONEL: I left my camp in the neighborhood of Kahunta at 6 oclock this morning, moving out on the road toward Beulah. My advance skirmished with the enemys cavalry during the entire morn- ing; my progress, however, was but little impeded. At the crossing of Great Swamp, about six miles this side of where I camped last night, they endeavored to make a stand in order to burn the bridge over the stream, and they would have succeeded had it not been for Colonel Gages command; his men, after driving the rebels off soon cleared the bridge of the burning rails that in a few minutes more would have completely destroyed the bridge. Moving on past Beulab, where they again showed some stubbornness in giving the road, I reached Folks Bridge at 11 oclock. I found here that the enemy, some 1,500 strong, had taken a road leading up the river on the east side; they, however, had torn up the bridge, so that it was 4 p. m. before I could commence crossing. I moved forward some two miles this (west) side of Little River at 5 oclock, encamping my division at the forks of the Smith- field and Piiieville roads, covering both roads, and also the road on which I have been marching. My headquarters are near the forks of the roads. No casualties are reported to me for to-day. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. R. WOODS~ Brevet Major- General. Lient. Col. MAX WOODHULL, A. A. C., Fifteenth Army Corps Page 250 250 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [Cair. LIX. ADD END A. IIDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, April 2, 1865. Lient. Col. MAX ~\TOODHULL A A U Ft teenth Army Corps: COLONEL: In compliance with your letter of March 31 ,asking that recommendations for promotion may be forwarded with my official report, I have the honor to mention Byt. Brig. Gen. William B. Woods, commanding the First Brigade of my division, and to earnestly recommend his promotion to the rank of full brigadier-general. Gen- eral Woods is a brave, competent, and deserving officer, and his able management of his brigade during the recent campaign has been such as to entitle him to this reward from the Government he has so faith. fully served. I also recommend the promotion of CoL II. F. Catterson, Ninety- seventh Indiana Infantry, to the rank of brigadier-general. Colonel Catterson assumed command of the Second Brigade of this division at Griswoldville, Ga., in november last, when General Walcntt was wounded, and has always since that time under all circumstances dis- played marked ability, and his sound, cool judgment of the true soldier, in the management of his command. He has rendered valuable service to his country and proven himself to be worthy and deserving of the promotion recommended. I respectfully ask that this letter may accompany my official report, forwarded before your communication was received. I am, colonel, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, CHAS. R. WOODS, Brevet Major- General. List of animals and a ount of forage and other property captured and dostroyed by Ftrst Dinision, Fifteenth Army Corps, during the recent campaign i/trough South and North Carolina. a Command. 0 a a 0 0 Pounds. Bushels. Berrels. Bushels. First Brigade 65 78 Second Brigade 152 Third Brigade 136 212 125, 900 2, 750 73 6, 000 Quartermasters Department 100 250 Total 453 834 125, 900 2, 750 73 6, 000 a a I; Command. . a a a a a a a 0 0 0 ~ Q B hels. BalesJ Pounds. Pounds. First Brigade 110 63, 921 Secead Brigade ~, 004 200, coo u325 a14 u3 Third Brigade 4 100 550 100 Quartermasters Department 9 8a5 I 175, 000 Total I 19 030 660 438, 921 325 14 I 3 100 a Accidental. CHAS. IR. WOODS, Brevet Major- General Page 251 251 CHAP. LIX.] TIlE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Corduraying and bridge building done by the First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, during the campaign from Savannah to Goldsborongh, January, February, and March, 1865. Amount of cor- Command. duroying and bridge building. Miles. Yard8. First Brigade 10 Second Brigade 12 Third Brigade 5 28C Pioneer Corps: Rail 8 445 Cut timber 10 162 Wagon bridge ~ 12 Foot bridge ~ 86 Total 49 985 Entire distance marched, 485 miles, being an average of little more than eight miles and a half per day. CHAS. R WOODS, Brevet Major- General. S Amount of railroad trach destroyed by First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, during the late campaign through South and North Carolina. Miles. First Brigade 5 Second Brigade 5 Third Brigade 3 Total 13 All the above railroad was part of what is known as the Charleston and Augusta Railroad, and was destroyed by this command in and around Bamberg, S. C. CHAS. R. WOODS, Brevet Major- General. No. 13. Report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. William B. Woods, seventy-sixth Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations January 23 iMarch 26. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., FIRST Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, Near Goldsborough, N. C., March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the ilonor to submit the following report of the operations of this brigade during the campaign just closed: Pursuant to General Orders, No. 5, from headquarters First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, dated Beaufort, S. C., January 21, 1865, 1 assumed command of the brigade t Gardens Corners, S. C., outhe 23d day of Jannary. On the 30th day of January the brigade, at that time comprising an aggregate of 1,408 officers and men present for duty, moved with the other brigades of the First I)ivision of the Fifteenth Army Corps, camping that night at McPhersonville, where it remained until the morning of February 1, when it resumed the march, arriv- ing at Hickory Hill, on the left bank of the Coosawhatchie River, abont 3 p. m. A force of rebel cavalry, supposed to b& at least a regi- ment. were found on the opposite bank of the river, with outpost Page 252 252 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX. strongly posted on the causeway and bridge crossing the stream. By direction of Brevet Major-General Woods, commanding First Division, I deployed three regiments, namely, the Twenty-seventh Missonri In- fantry, Colonel Curly; Thirty-first and Thirty-second Missouri Infantry, consolidated, Major (now Lieutenant-Colonel) Seay, and the Twenty- sixth Iowa, Major Lubbers, and, throwing forward a strong line of skir- mishers, advanced to the bank of the river, intendin gto cross in line of battle and drive off the enemy. It was tound, however, that the pas- sage of the stream was impracticable for so large a body of troops, as the river flowed through a dense cypress swamp nearly a mile wide, in which in many places the water was waist deep. I therefore pushed forward the skirmishers only, who with great difficulty advanced through the swamp, and under the fire of the enemy carried the bridge and causeway and drove him from the opposite bank of the river. In this affhir I lost none in either killed or wounded. The next day the march was resumed, and continued from day to day until the 6th day of February, when the brigade reached Bamberg, a station on the 4. ugusta and Charleston Itailroad, and immediately commenced the destrnction of the road. On this day and the following the brigade utterly destroyed the track for a distance of four miles, burning the ties and twisting by the use of hooks and levers, the iron rails. Omi the 11th of February I also completed the destruction of one mile of the track of the same road, near Lees Turnout, reheating the iron, which had only been bent, and twisting the same. Nothing deserving special mention occurred after the 11th instant until the 15th of February, when the First Division approached the Little Congaree River, where it struck the enemys cavalry in force. This brigade, being the rear of the division, took no part in the heavy skirmish of that day until after the enemy had been forced across the stream and driven from his works upon its bank. After passing the river a line of battle was formed in the open fields of a large planta- tion, this brigade occupying the extreme left. To the left and front of the brigade was a high ridge, affording the enemy a commanding posi- tion, and this was occupied by a considerable force of the enemys cavalry. I ordered the Twenty-sixth Iowa Infantry, Major Lubbers commanding, to deploy as skirmishers, and keeping a large reserve to carry the ridge. The order was executed handsomely, the enemy was driven off, and the ridge held. On the 17th day of February this bri- gade marched into and through Columbia, and encamped about a mile and a half outside the town. About 9 oclock at night I received an order from Brevet Major-General Woods, commandimmg First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, to march into the city and relieve the Third Brigade of the same diyision, which was on provost guard duty there. On entering the city I found a large part of the place in flames. I am satisfied by statements made to me by respectable citizens of the town that the fire was first set by the negro inhabitants. A gale was blow- ing, and the city being chiefly built of wood, the fire was exceedingly hard to control, but by the strenuous exertions of the officers and men of the brigade at least two-fifths of the city was saved from destruction. On the next day, by order o~ Maj. Gen. 0. 0. Howard, command- ing Department and Army of the Tennessee, I was appointed post com- mander of all that part of Columbia lying south of Taylor street. The One hnndred and third Illinois, Fortieth Illinois, and Ninety-sev- enth Indiana had in the meantime been ordered, to report to me for duty. I at once appointed Col. Reuben Williams, Twelfth Indiana Infantiy, provost-marshal of the post, and by means of his efficienc Page 253 Cziir. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 253 and energy, and that of the officers and men under my command, was enabled to preserve comparative quiet and good order in the city while occnpied by our army. This brigade acted as the rear guard of the army when the city of Columbia was evacuated by our troops on the 20th of February, and entered the town of Cheraw with the other bri- gades of the division on the 4th of March. As the brigade was moving out of this place, to cross the pontoon bridge over the Great Pedee River, a large quantity of rebel ammunition, which had been thrown into a ravine near the road, was accidentally exploded, killing one man and wounding five of the brigade. On the 15th day of March, after the passage of the Fifteenth Army Corps across the Cape Fear River at Fayetteville, I received orders from headquarters Fifteenth Army Corps to take charge of and guard all the transportation of the several divis- ions of the corps, with the exception of headquarters and regimental teams, twelve ammunition wagons to each division, and the ambulances. The same was to be organized into one train. The train when thus organized numbered 550 wagons, and when drawn out on the road extended a distance of four miles and a half. To assist in this escort duty the Ninetieth Illinois and Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry and the Twenty-ninth Missouri Mounted Infantry were ordered to report to me. 1 left Cape Fear River opposite Fayetteville with the train and escort on March 16, at 11 a. in., and on the 20th instant, at 5 p. in., parked the train, pursuant to orders from headquarters Fifteenth Army Corps, with the train of Major-General Mowers division, of the Seven- teenth Corps, on Buck Creek, about eight miles from Dudleys Station, on the Goldsborough and Wilmington Railroad. From the 16th to the 20th of March, inclusive, the train, with its escort, made an average march of ten miles per day, including twenty-four hours spent in cross- ing the South River. During this time the train and troops crossed the South River, Little Cohera and Great Cohera Rivers, and Buck Creek. All of these streams were difficult to pass, and the three first named I was compelled to bridge. Generally the roads were as bad as a treacherous soil and rainy weather could make them. Leaving the train at Buck Creek in charge of a brigade of Major-General Mowers division, I staried with the escort at 12 oclock at night to rejoin the division. I marched until 3 a. in., halted until 6.30 a. in., when I resumed the march and rejoined the division about 11 a. in., about three miles from Bentonville. The enemy was here in force and intrenched. Pursuant to orders I placed the brigade in the front line between the Second and Third Brigades, of the First Division, leaving the Twelfth Indian a Infantry in reserve. Under a sharp skirmish fire and within 350 yards of the enemys main line a strong line of earth-works was built. Pursuant to orders I made preparations to advance a line of skirmishers and drive the enemy from their skirmish pits. I detailed 100 men as skirmishers, with Capt. William Burch, of the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Missouri Consolidated Battalion, as officer in charge, and directed Capt. Edward S. Lenfesty, picket officer on my staff; to take the general supervision of the movement. The skirmishers mov- ing at the same time with those of the Second and Third Brigades advanced briskly, and after a hot skirmish, almost amounting to a battle, drove the enemys skirmishers from their intrenched position and immediately commenced to reverse the pits. Before this was com- pleted the enemy came out in strong force from their main line and retook a part of the pits. They were again driven out and again retook them. I then sent out a re-enforcement of forty men, and with thei Page 254 254 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. assistance the pits were again taken and held, and the enemy driven to his main line. The line thus taken and held was within eighty-eight paces of the enemys main line. The loss of the brigade in this affair was 1 killed and 21 wounded. Among the latter was Captain Burch, commander of the skirmish line, who received a severe arid dangerous wound. The enemy having retired during the night, the brigade, after going on a reconnaissance with the rest of the division as far as Ben- tonville, marched to Goldsborough and went into camp on Rouses plantation near that place, where it now is, strongly intrenched. During the campaign the brigade drew its subsistence mainly from the country. No complaint was made at any time of short supplies, except on one occasion after a days march of twenty-five miles through a barren pine forest. The wants of the men were at the time supplied by the issue of a quarter ration of hard bread. The men have been supplied with an abundance of the best bacon and poultry foraged from the country. Not a pound of either fresh or salt meat has been drawn from the commissary. All the mills upon the line of march were used to grind corn, and the men have been furnished with a plentiful supply of meal. I cannot speak too highly of the patient endurance of the officers and men of the brigade. All labors were borne and hardships endured with commendable fortitude and cheerfulness. Justice requires that I make special mention of the members of my staffCapt. Edward Leufesty, aide-de-camp and picket officer; Capt. 11. C. Strong, assistant inspector-general; Capt. J. A. Jury, acting assist- ant adjutant-general; Licut. J. I-I. Flint, brigade quartermaster; and Lient. M. II. Parks, aide-de-camp, all of whoiii throughout the cam- paign have discharged their duties with great energy and ability. I herewith submit a list of killed and wounded an(l captured.* I have the honor to be, captain, with great respect, your obedient servant, W. B. WOODS, Brevet Brigadier- General, Commanding Brigade. Capt. F. II. WiLsoN, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Div., 15th Army Corps. No. 14. Report of Col. Reuben Williams, Twelfth Indiana Infantry, of oper ations ~JIarch 46. IIDQRS. TWELFTH INDIANA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS, Phills Creek, S. C., Ma~eh 6, 1865. SIR: In obedience to instructions received from corps headquarters, I have the honor to submit the following report of the expedition to Florence, S. C., for the purpose of destroying the railroad and station at that place, and that portion of the trestle-work on the road from Society Hill to Florence: The expedition, consisting of the Seventh and Ninth Illinois and Twenty-ninth Missouri Mounted infantry and a detachment of the Fifteenth Army Corps foragers, under command of Major Mahonin *Noihinal list (omitted) shows 3 men killed, 2 officers and 25 men wounded, and 8 men missing Page 255 Ca& p. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 255 all 546 menleft the cross-roads seven miles from Cheraw at 11 a. m. of the 4th day of March, and proceeded to within seven miles of Dar- lington and went into camp. On the morning of the 5th of March the command proceeded to Darlington, destroying all the trestle-work between Doves Station and that place, burning the depot building and 250 bales of cotton, and destroying the printing office at Darlington. The command immediately proceeded to carry out the instructions received from department headquarters to go to Florence and destroy the depot, rolling stock, & c., at that place. I proceeded steadily forward till I came near where the wagon road crosses the railroad. when a train W;15 discovered coining in the direction of lDarlington. The Twenty- ninth Missouri being in the advance immediately deployed on the side of the track for the purpose of capturing it as soon as it caine up. The engineer, however, must have discovered us, as the train was turned back to Florence. The command then moved rapidly forward, and when within about two miles of the l)lace began skirmishing with the enemy. I immedi- ately formed the command in line, with a proper reserve, and ordered a charge, which was made in good style, some of the men gaining the depot building, but were unable either to hold or fire it. About this time the enemy re-enforced his left with infantry and drove back our right in some disorder. I had in the meantime thrown the Seventh Illi- nois on the left of the line to prevent a flank movement which I discov- ered was being made by the enemy. I here received notice from an officer who was on picket on the railroad to my rear that a train was coming from the direction of Kingsville, an(l a few minutes later I was informed that a party of about 400 men, with artillery, were getting off the train. Finding that I was outflanked and outnumbered by the enemy, and with a force of 400 moving in my rear, I concluded to withdraw the command and at once proceeded to do so. I fell back in good order, leaving the Ninth Illinois to cover the rear and proceeded in the direction of Darlington. The enemy l)ursued both in my rear and on my right flank, charging on my rear guard two or three times between Florence and Darlimigton. On arriving at the latter place 1 had intended to halt and rest the conimand, and had given the order to do so, when I received notice that the enemy was approaching in force, and I at once concluded to fall back to Black Creek, which was immedi- ately done, and the bridges over the stream in my immediate vicinity destroyed. About S p. mu. the pickets informed me that the enemy was moving across Black Creek, on my left, in force, and the report was con- firmed by negroes who came into our lines. The evident object of this move was to reach Society Hill before us and cut us off at that point, which, if successful, would necessitatea long march to the left before I conld return. I therefore concluded to at once move to Society Hill, which I did, arriving there at 12 m. on the night of the 5th. From the best information I could gather the enemy consisted of two brigades of cavalry and a regiment of infantry, besides a number of militia or ref- ugees who were at that time in the place. The whole force of the enemy was under command of General Robertson. The citizens and negroes informed me that it was a portion of the army which was cut off from the main army by the capture of Cheraw. There were ten pieces of artillery said to have returned from Society Hill to Florence. The fact of the troops arriving by rail from the west would indicate that they were receiving re-emiforcements from that direction. The results of the expedition may be summed up as follows: The destruction of 500 yards of trestle-work, 2 depots, 11 freight and 4 pas Page 256 256 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. ~CHAP. LIX. senger cars, 4,000 pounds bacon, 80 bushels wheat, 50 sacks corn, 250 bales of cotton, 1 printing office, 1 caisson and battery wagon, 30 stand of small-arms, and the capture of 31 prisoners. Onr casualties are 7 wounded and 8 missing. A lieutenant and one man are reported to have been captured at Society Hill on our return. I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servanL REUB. WILLIAMS, Colonel Twelfth Indiana Infantry, Commanding Expedition. Maj. MAX WOODHULL, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 15. Reports of Lieut. Gol. Abraham J. Scay, Thirty-second Missouri Infan- try, commanding Battalion Thirty-first and Thirty-second Missouri Infantry. HEADQUARTERS CONSOLIDATED BATTALION, THIRTY-FIRST AND THIRTY-SECOND IIEGTS. MISSOURI VOLS., Goldsborough, N. 0., March 25, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of oper- ations of this battalion from the date of leaving Savannah, Ga., January 11, to our arrival at Goldsborongh, N. C., March 24, 1865: The battalion broke camp at Savannah, Ga., on the 11th of January; embarked on transports at Thunderbolt for Beaufort, S. C.; marched out the Charleston Railroad to Gardens Corners, a~t which place our brigade did picket and outpost duty, and had frequent light skirmishes with the enemy. Ou the 30th instant the whole corps moved north, via Pocotaligo and MePhersonville, to Bamberg, on the South Carolina Rail- road. On the 8th, 9th, and 10th days of February the command was engaged destroying the railroad, after which we resumed our northward march; crossed the South and North Edisto Rivers, and had freqnent skirmishes xvith the enemys cavalry, who fell back as we advanced, until February 14, when they made a stand on the west side of Con garee Creek, near its mouth, being strongly intrenched and supported by infantry and artillery. We pressed them close, and they withdrew during the night, and again gave us a brisk fight on the 15th instant, near the bridge which crosses the Congaree River at Columbia, S. C., using their artillery with considerable effect. During the night they fell back into the town and burned the bridge. On the 16th instant pontoons were thrown across the Saluda and Broad Rivers, and on the 17th instant the First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, entered the town, the enemy retreating in the direction of Charlotte, IN. C. Here the rail- road and a large quantity of Government property was destroyed, includ- ing the arsenal. On the 20th the command resumed its march, moving in a northeasterly direction and crossing the Wateree River near Lib- erty Hill. We moved on Cheraw, where we arrived on the 4th day of March, 1865. On the 6th instant the command crossed the Great Pedee liver on pontoons and arrived at and occupied Fayetteville, N. C., on the 12th of March. The rebel General Hardee retired and crossed Cape Fear River. Several steamers came up the Cape Fear River, and here the first communication with the North was had since our departur Page 257 Ca& r. LIX.) THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 257 from Savannah, Ga. Having desti oyed the arsenal, ammunition, cot- ton, & c., at this post, the army crossed Cape Fear River on pontoons on the 15th instant and marched in the direction of Goldsborough, N. C. On the 21st and 22d onr division, the First, of the Fifteenth Army Corps, engaged the rebel General Johnstons left flank at Bentonville, N. C., driving him in hasty confusion in the direction of Raleigh, N. C. Our army now marched to and occupied Goldsborough. Our work was done, and our great leader, General Sherman, pro- nounced it well done. The loss of the enemy in our front was severe; our loss was comparatively very small. The entire loss of the battalion under my command was six men and officers wounded. Their names are as follows: Capt. William Burch, Company B, shoulder, severely; Private Patrick Kain, Company B, arm, slightly; Private J. 0. R. Reaves, Company D, wrist, severely; Private Burt Clouts, Company F, knee, amputated; Private Daniel Payne, Company F, arm, slightly; Private Arthur Rawlins, Company F,arm, slightly. Many of our men are without shoes and blankets, and bat little cloth- ing of any kind, but their health and morale were never better. They feel that under the leadership of Old Tecumseh one more short and vigorous campaign must end this the most wicked rebellion of modern times. We have marched over a hostile country almost impassable by reason of its numerous swamps and streams, at a season of the year when the weather is most unfavorable, subsisting on the country, and have driven before us an army mad with desperation; forced the enemy to evacuate Charleston and Wilmington, and whipped Johnstons con- centrated forces on his own chosen grounds; then marched into and occupied Goldsborough, to which point the railroad from Wilmington and New Berne will soon be in running order. I remain, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. J. SEAY, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Battalion. Col. SAMUEL P. SIMPSON, Adjutant-General of Missouri. HEADQUARTERS CONSOLIDATED BATTALION, THIRTY-FIRST AND THIRTY-SECOND RESTS. MISSOURI VOLS., Crystal Springs, near Washington, D. C., May 30, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to transmit a report of the operations of this battalion from the 24th of March, 1865 (date of my last report), to the present time: After the command had been reclothed at Goldsborough, N. C., we again took the field on the 10th day of April, moving in the direction of Raleigh, the capital of North Carolina. The enemy made but slight resistance, and abandoned the city on the 14th [13th] instant. On the 15th our army passed in review through the city and went into camp about four miles went of it, where we remained until General Joe. E. Johnston surrendered. On the 30th instant we began our march to Washington via Petersburg and Richmond. On the 24th day of May, 1865, we were reviewed at the White House by President Johnson and Lieutenant-General Grant. Mybattalion marched so well that it elicited much admiration and praise. After the review we marched to Crystal Springs, our present camp. Yesterday orders were received for the muster out of all troops whose term of service expires previous to October 1, 1865. Under this order the first nine companies of the old 17 R RVOL XLVII, PT Page 258 258 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX. Thirty-first Regiment will be mustered out. Three companies of the Twenty-seventh and one of the Twenty-ninth Regiment have been assigned to my command. 1 will give you further particulars here- after. We move to-day, via Harpers Ferry and Parkersburg, to Louis- ville, Ky. I am, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, A. J. SEAY, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Battalion. Col. SAMUEL P. SIMPSON, Adjutant- General of Missouri. No. 16. Reports of Col. Robert F. Catterson, Ninety-seventh Indiana Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 15March 25. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., FIRST DIV., 15TII ARMY CORPS, Columbia, S. C., February 19, 18G5. CAPTAIN: On the morning of the 15th of February, in compliance with orders received, I moved my brigade from bivouac at a point on the Orangeburg and Columbia road where it crosses Sandy Run, and proceeded in the direction of Columbia. After moving about one mile the enemy was discovered on our front. Four companies of the Fortieth Illinois were deployed as skirmishers, and pushed forward, driving the enemy at a rapid pace as far as Savannah Creek, where he made a stand. Four other companies were sent forward to strengthen the skirmish line and the enemy was driven back to Congaree Creek, where another stand was made. I at once formed line of battle and moved the sj~irmish line to a point about 300 paces from the enemys position. At this point the Congaree Creek makes a curve describing something less than a semicircle, running well down to the right of my position. The enemy had constructed a strong barricade of rails across the road near the bridge, and had two pieces of artillery in position on the road. I moved one regiment, the Forty-sixth Ohio, up the creek on the right of the skirmish line, until almost opposite the left of the enemys posi- tion. Here the enemy was discovered iiitrenched on the opposite side of the creek, which rendered it impracticable to advance it farther, as it was exposed to an enfilading fire. I immediately reported the fact to the general commanding, and it was decided to cross above and below the enemys position. I was ordered to construct a crossing below the bridge, which I did by felling trees across the stream, after which I asked permission to cross my brigade, but it was determined to send a reconnoitering party only. I at this moment rode forward to the skirmish line, and discovering the enemys attention drawn to a portion of the Third Brigade, who were moving down the river from above, my skirmishers were immediately moved forward, driving the enemy from his barricade, reaching the bridge (which had been fired) in time to extinguish the flames before it was destroyed. I moved my brigade across the creek and camped about one mile beyond. The enemy evacuated a strong position on the opposite side of the creek, and fell back about two miles to a fortified position. During the day the brigade lost in killed, 5; wounded, 10. Respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBT. F. CATTERSON, capt. FRED. H. WILSON, Colonel, Qonmmandin~j Bri~~ade Page 259 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 259 IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., FIR ST DIV., 15TH ARMY CORPS, Near Goldsborough, N C., March 25, 18G5. CAPTAIN: A report of the operations of my brigade during the cam- paign just closed has been furnished to include the occupation of Columbia, S. C., a copy of which please find inclosed. On the morning of the 20th of February this brigade left Columbia and continued its march northward, nothing worthy of special note trans- piring until the morning of the 20th of March. My brigade being in advance of the column met the enemy on the road leading from Coxs Bridge to Bentonville. Six companies of the Ninety-seventh Indiana were thrown forward as skirmishers, rapidly driving the enemy about three miles, when it was relieved by the Sixth Iowa, which drove the enemy briskly to within about three miles of Beutonville, where he made a determined stand. The ammunition of the Sixth Iowa having become exhausted it was relieved by the Forty- sixth Ohio. During its deploymemit the enemy was discovered turning the left of my skirmishers, having already gained their rear. The One hundredth Indiana was hurried forward to check this move, and they accomplished their work with dispatch and marked gallantry. During this time the Forty-sixth Ohio moved forward on double-quick, driving the enemy from his strong barricade of rails in splendid style. I immediately moved the brigade forward to the position thus gained, and fortified it, at the same time advancing my skirmishers half a mile, when it was halted, and in this position I awaited further orders. Late in the after- noon we moved forward several hundred paces to a strong position, which was also fortified. In this positiou we camped for the night. On the morning of the 21st my skirmishersOne hundred and third Illinoisdrove the enemy from a line of strong rifle-pits, which at some portions of the line were within forty paces of his main works. This move was made in a very satisfactory manner, and fully developed the enemys position. During this advance Adjt. Frank Lermond ,One hundred and third Illinois, was severely wounded while gallantly urg- ing his men forward. My brigade was again advanced and its position fortified. The Twenty-sixth Illinois was sent forward to relieve the One hundred and third Illinois, and in taking position suffered some from a flank fire caused by the falling back of a portion of the line on my left. On the morning of the 22d my skirmishers again moved for- ward at daylight amid found the enemys works evacuated. Two com- paul-es of the Twenty-sixth Illinois, supported by the remainder of the regiment, were muoved forward as skirmishers on the road leading to Bentonville, and reached the bridge across Mill Creek, near that place, in time to extinguish the flames (the enemy having fired it), and in a very few moments after the enemys rear guard had crossed. I imme- diately crossed with my brigade, and skirmishing again commenced, we driving our opponents in wild confusion beyond Hannahs Creek. The bridge over this stream was also on fire, and was saved only by the fearless daring of my men, who rushed forward and extinguished the flames. At this point I received orders to recross Mill Creek and take a position covering the bridge. This I immediately did and biv- ouacked for the night. At Beittonville the enemy was so closely pressed that he left 40 of our wounded and 12 rebel wounded in our possession. The brigade also captured 91 prisoners and 82 stand of arms and accouterments. During time three days skirmishing mentioned ally both officers and men, deserve great credit for their gallant conduct Page 260 260 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. The casualties during the campaign were as follows: Killed, 5; wounded, 30; l)rlsoners, 8; total, 43. Total number of I)risollers cap- tured from enemy, 166. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, IROBT. F. CATTERSOK, CAPT. FfrD. II. WILSON, . Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. ADDENDA. Recapitulation of casualties in Second Brigade, First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. * Killed. Wounded. f Captured. a Command. H be a a . a a . ~ a ~ a ~ H a a a 0 ~ H 0 ~ H 0 ~ H -~ 40thlllinois 1 1 3 3 1 1 5 46thOhio 2 2 8 8 10 103d Illinois 1 1 1 12 13 1 1 15 6thlowa 1 1 1 7 8 9 97thlndiana 3 3 1 4 5 8 26thlllinois 2 2 7 7 9 lOOthlndiana 4 4 6 6 2 2 12 Total ii ~ 46 48 1 8 9 68 CHAS. C. WALCUTT, Brigadier- General, Commanding Brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Goldsborough, N. C., .11 arch 31, 1865. No. 17. Report of Lieut. Col. George W. Wright, One hundred and third Illi nois Infantry, of operations January 27March 24. HEADQUARTERS 103D ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFA~NTRY, Near Goldsborough, N. C., March 25, 1865. COLONEL: In compliance with your orders I have the honor to sub- mit the following official report of the part taken by the One hundred and third Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry ill the campaign just closed: We broke up camp on Beaufort Island January 27 and marched to Hickory Hill, where we bivouacked for the night. On the 28th, by your order, tile One hundred and third and Fortieth Illinois made a reconnaissance of the enemys position on the Combahee River~ found the bridge burned and the enemy on the north bank. We attacked his outposts, drove them back to the main force, captured a few prison- ers, and returned to camp the same day at Hickory Hill. On the 29th, in common with the brigade, we resumed our march, moving on the road leading to Pocotaligo. Nothing worthy of report transpired from Nominal list omitted Page 261 CIXAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 261 this date to the 7th day of February, at which time we had some skirmishing between the foragers and enemys cavalry in the vicinity of Bamberg, on the South Carolina Railroad, the One hundred and third Regiment having the advance. We remained here during the 8th, destroying railroad. Marched on the 9th of Febrdary. 15th, we relieved the Fortieth Illinois on the skirmish line at 10 a. in., near Con- garee Creek. Found the enemy strongly posted on the south bank of the creek. An advance across the open plain in front being deemed by our brigade commander inexpedient a flanking column was ordered to the left to strike the enemy in flank, during the execution of which a general advance of the whole line was ordered, when the enemy was driven from his position in handsome style across the creek into his main works. In a few moments he abandoned his works and they were immediately occupied by the One hundred and third Regiment. In this affair. the regiment sustained a loss of six men killed and wounded. On the evening of March 20 we relieved the Forty-sixth Ohio in the advance line, which confronted the enemy near Bentonville, N. C. Dur- ing the night we received the brigade commanders order to advance our line at 5 a. in. and develop the enemys position. In accordance with this order onr whole line advanced at the time indicated and soon found the enemy in position and in force. By some misapprehension of orders the brigade on our left did not advance in conjunction with us, an(l we were therefore compelled to return to onr former position. At 2p.m. we were ordered again to advance our line,which we did,soon receiving a brisk fire from the enemys outer works, which we carried, quickly driving the outer line into their main works. We took posses- sion of the enemys pits and held them until relieved by the Twenty- sixth Illinois at sundown. Major Wills commanded the left wing and displayed his usual bravery and good sense. Captain Bishop, of Company A, is entitled to particu- lar mention for the gallant manner in which he held his position wheii the line on his right had given way in disorder. The adjutant was wounded while behaving in the most gallant manner. All behaved well, both officers and men, no instances of cowardice or skulking hav- ing occurred. We moved from the battle-ground on the 23d and arrived at our present camp on the 24th. I have, colonel, the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. W. WRIGHT, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. [Col. R. F. CATTERSON.] No. 18. Report of Licut. Col. Edward N. Upton, Forty-sixth Ohio infantry, of operations January 27March 24. IIDQRS. FORTY-SIXTH OHIO VET. VOL. INFANTRY, Goldsborough, N C., March 25, 1865. CAPTAIN: In accordance with instructions received from your head- quarters, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my command in the past campaign: Friday, January 27, we broke camp at Beaufort, S. C., and took our position in the brigade line and marched to Gardens Corners, wher Page 262 262 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. CHAP. LIX~ the brigade halted until the morning of the 30th. From that date until February 14 we marched each day with the brigade, not any- thing worthy of note occurring. Wednesday, February 15, after the brigade had marched two miles from where it camped the night before, skirmishing commenced, and the enemy was pushed back to his works on Congaree Creek. Here a line of battle was formed and the colonel commanding the brigade ordered me to take my command and move out to the right of the skirmish line and protect that flank. I immediately faced the regiment to the right and moved over to the left bank of the creek, then filed left, and moved up to the line, using the bank of the creek so as not to be observed by the enemy. On reaching the point designated by Colonel Catterson I halted and went into line, throwing three companies, commanded by Capt. John B. Foster, forward as skirmishers. I awaited orders until about 2 oclock, when I discovered that the enemy was trying to fall back across the creek, when I ordered three more companies forward, under command of Capt. Johii B. Neil, with orders to push rapidly forward and save the road bridge that was already partially on fire. He started immediately on the double-quick for the bridge, his men fir- ing as they went, which confused the enemys movements so much that he did not fire his artillery izintil after the men had reached the bridge and a few had run on to it. He then opened his artillery, firing canis- ter at the bridge. I now ordered the three companies under Captain Foster to move farther up the creek. After some slight firing I saw that the enemy was retiring from his line of works and immediately pushed these three companies across the creek on a foot log, and entered the enemys works, he still being in gunshot range but retiring slowly. Only a few shots were exchanged after crossing the creek. I was now ordered to assemble the regiment on the road and take my proper place in the brigade. Soon after we formed a line of battle and moved for- ward (the enemy still retiring) and bivouacked for the night. After dark 100 men were sent out on picket, under command of Lieutenants Wright and Schock. At an early hour the next morning they pushed their line forward and found that the enemy had left another line of intrenchments, crossed Congaree River, and burned the bridge after him. When the regiment moved forward they joined it with their men. From February 16 until the morning of March 20 was the usual marching with the brigade. On that morning a short time after leav- ing camp the advance commenced skirmishing. About 10 a. m. the col- onel commanding ordered me to deploy the regiment as skirmishers with the center on the road, to move forward and relieve the Sixth Iowa In- fantry, who were then on the skirmish line and out of ammunition. On arriving on their lines I found that the enemy was posted across the road behind high and Imeavy rail-works. This position was where the Smith- field road enters the Goldsborough and Fayetteville road, about three miles southeast of Bentonville. Believing that it could be carried by a rapid and spirited assault, I gave the command, double-quick, and the men took the step bravely and with cheers, reserving their tire until a nearer approach. When about 400 yards they took the ~ and, with renewed cheers, opened fire on the enemy, who had been firing briskly all the time. My men did not halt or check umitil they reached the works from which the enemy were flying in disorder and confusion. From the amount of shots fired by the enemy at our. approach, I am led to believe that their force numbered between 400 and 500 infantry and cavalry, outnumbering my command two to one. I found two of hi Page 263 CHAP. LIKI TIlE CAMPAIGN OF TIlE CAROLINAS. 263 dead, left on the field. If he had any wounded they succeeded in get- ting away. There were seven or eight dead horses and mulesjust behind the works. My loss was 4 killed and 7 wounded. The enemy having retired on the Smithfield road, I changed direction to the right and fol- lowed him until I found he had a position on aliill, with a small creek and swamp between us. Here I halted and skirmished with him until dark, wheii we were relieved by the One hundred and third Illinois infantry. While iii this position Lient. John Ackerman succeeded in crawl- ing out to the front about 100 yards, where he found a maii belonging to the Thirty-third Ohio Infantry, Fourteenth Army Corps, who had been shot the day before through both legs, aud carried him into our lines on his back. I mention this because it was a brave and humane act on the part of Lieutenant Ackerman. About noon on the following day the brigade was moved forward and we threw up a line of strong earth-works. The next morning, the enemy having evacuated, we moved forward to Bentonville with the brigade, returfling to our line of works the following morning at4 oclock. Oii the evening of the 24th we reached our present position. Before concluding this report I cannot refrain from mentioning the exemplary conduct of both officers and men while on the campaign under trying circumstances, viz: night marching, bad roads and rainy weather. Each and all performed the duties assigned them with cheer- fulness and alacrity. There is no nee(l of makiug particular mention of any individual act; all have done bravely and nobly. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWARD N. UPTON, Lient. Col. Forty-sixth Ohio Fet. Vol. Infty., ~omdg. Regt. No. 19. Reports of Col. George A. Stone, Twenty;tifth Iowa Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations January 10March 26. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FIRST DIV., 15TH ARMY CORPS, Near Columbia, 5. 0., February 19, 1865. CAPTAIN: I respectfully report the action taken by my command in capturing the city of Columbia: On the evening of the 16th instant I received orders from Brevet Major-General Woods to have my command in readiness to cross Broad River in the boats of the pontoon train at a point to be designated by Colonel Tweeddale, of the First Missouri Engineers, and so soon as crossed to move at once on the city. The point of crossing designated was about half a mile above the wreck of the bridge and about two miles above the city of Columbia. We expected to have effected a crossing and to have moved on the city by daylight, but the current of the river was so strong the engineers did not succeed in getting a line across until 3 oclock of the morning of the 17th instant. At 3.50 oclock 1 sent over two loads of sharpshooters under Captain Bowman, of my staff with instructions to put them out as pickets or skirmishers, the center of his line to be opposite the crossing and at least seventy-five yards distant, with the flanks resting on the river. He had particular instructions to keep his men quiet and not to reply to any firing of the enemy unless satisfied they meant an attack on him. I went over with the advance of the first regiment, Thirty-first Iowa, Lieutenant Page 264 264 OPERATIONS TN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Colonel Jenkins, and made a personal reconnaissance of the ground. I found I had landed on a small island about 200 yards in length, 25 yards in width, and in the shape of a crescent. I at once put up a line of works and by this time four regiments had crossed. The enemy was now discovered to be very active, their skirmishers annoying us con- siderably. From a movement of troops toward his right, I was satis- fied the enemy was endeavoring to re-enforce his line, and that to insure success I should at once attack without waiting for the remainder of the brigade. Accordingly I made the following disposition of my troops for the attack: The Thirty-firstIowa, Lieutenant-Colonel Jenkins command- ing, was moved across the island toward the north, nearly parallel with the river, until I found his left about opposite the enemys right. I next ordered up Major Abernethy, commanding Ninth Iowa, with his regiment, his right resting on Colonel Jenkins left, and his (Major Abernethys) left toward the river, with directions that when the assault was ordered he should change direction to the right on the double- quick in order to turn the enemys right and also strike him in the rear. These dispositions being made to my satisfaction, I returned to the island and ordered Lieutenant-Colonel Roberts to assault directly in front of it, the Twenty-fifth Iowa, Lieuteiiant-Colommel Palmer com- manding, to follow as a reserve, and sent word to Lieutenant-Colonel Nichols, commanding Fourth Iowa, to join Lieutenant-Colonel Palmer as fast as his men had crossed. Everything now in readiness, the signal was given and the assault made by all the regiments at the same time. The result proved no mistake, either in the planning or the execution. Before the enemy was hardly aware of it we were right iiito his skirmish line. The Thirtieth Iowa here captured thirty prisoners. I accompanied this regiment, and can by personal observa- tion testify to the gallant manner in wimichm they made the assault. In front of the island were a number of small bayous running parallel with the river, about twenty feet wide and some of themn waist deep. Few stopped to find logs on which to cross, but plunged in, holding guns and cartridge-boxes above the water. I found Colonel Palmers brigade of infantry, of General Stevensons division, and apparently a regiment of cavalry, were the troops disputing the crossing. Having driven the enemy in our front, and noticing a demonstration on his right to turn my left, I ordered a halt and commenced throwing up a line of works while waiting for the advance of Brevet Brigadier-General Woods bri- gade to get over. So sooim as I discovered this brigade had commenced crossing, I moved for the city, easily driving the regiment of cavalry that disputed our advance. We had arrived within about a mile of the city, when a carriage dis- playing a flag of truce approached containing Mr. Goodwin, mayor of Columbia, and the city aldermen, who caine to offer terms of capitula- tion. I refused anything but an unconditional surrender, which, after a few words, he consented to and unconditionally surreiidered the city of Columbia. I joined the party in the carriage, accompanied by Major Anderson, of the Fourth Iowa, and Captain Pratt, of General Logans staff, and left the brigade under the temporary charge of Lieutenant- Colonel Jenkins, Thirty-first Iowa, and I)receded the column about half a mile. When near the suburbs of the city I noticed some of the advanced skirmishers, say fifteen iii number, being driven back by apparently a battalion of rebel cavalry. I at once called a corporal and three men, who happened to be near me, and put the mayor and aldermen in the corporals charge, and with Major Anderson took about forty of my flankers and advanced on the cavalry. The corporal wa Page 265 CHAP. LIX.J THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 205 instructed that in case one man was killed or wounded he should at once shoot the mayor and his party. Joining the retreating skirmishers with the forty flankers we speedily dispersed the rebel cavalry, having no more trouble in gaining the city. I proceeded to the state-house with Captain Pratt and planted the first U. S. flag on that building. During the engagement the regimental commanders did their duty well, Major Aberuethy and Lieutenant-Colonel Jenkins on the left and center, and Lieutenant-Colonel Roberts on the right. Lieutenant- Colonel Palmer, with the Twenty-fifth Iowa, followed by Lieutenant- Colonel Nichols, of the Fourth Iowa, supported the assault in a hand- some manner. Lieutenant-Colonel Roberts and his adjutant, First Lieut. James M. Smith, deserve notice for the gallant manner iii which they pushed their lines forward. Capt. A. B. Smith, of General Woods staff, accompanied me in the assault and also deserves notice for his gallant conduct. My thanks are due all my staff officersCaptain Bell, Captain Bowman, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General Snow, and Lieutenant Crane, for doing their duty well. I was absent from the brigade about an hour in placing the flag on the state-house, and when I rejoined my command found a great num- ber of the men drunk. It was discovered that this was caused by hundreds of negroes who swarmed the streets on the approach of the troops and gave them all kinds of liquors from buckets, bottles, demijohns, & c. The men had slept none the night before, and but lit- tle the night before that, and many of them had no supper the night before, and none of them breakfast that morning, hence the speedy effect of the liquor. I forthwith ordered all the liquor destroyed, and saw fifteen barrels destroyed within five minutes after the order had been given. Brevet Major-General Woods now sent me word to guard the private property of the citizens and take possession of all the public buildings. I did so immediately upon receipt of the order, distributing my five regi- ments throughout the city and appointing Lieutenant-Colonel Jenkins, Thirty-first Iowa, provost-marshal. A ii timber of buildings were fired during the early part of the evening, but the fire was promptly put out before it had gained much headway. A great many drunken men were now showing themselves in the streets from, I should think, every regi- ment of our corps, the Seventeenth Corps, and some even from General Kilpatricks cavalry. My command was so scattered throughout the city I found it necessary to have a stronger guard, and therefore applied through my acting assistant adjutant-general to Brevet Major-General Woods twice, once in writing, for one or two more regiments for patrol- ling the city, but received no re-enforcements. About 8 oclock the city was fired in a number of places by some of our escaped prisoners and citizens (I am satisfied I can prove this), and as some of the fire originated in basements stored full of cotton it was iml)ossible to extin- guish it. The tire engines were ordered out, but the flames conld not be stopped; the buildings were old, nearly all wooden ones, and the wind blowing almost a gale. At 8 p. in. I received orders that I was relieved by Brevet Brigadier-General Woods and I sent the brigade to camp about one mile out of town, but remained in the city myself, working all night to assist in extinguishing the fire. Very respectfully, captain, your obedient servant, GEG. A. STONE, Capt. FRED. II. WILSON, Colonel, Commanding. Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps Page 266 2643 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. PLA. ECHAP. LIX. IIDQRs. THIRD BRIG., FIRST Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, Near Goldsborouyh, N. 0., March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: In accordance with orders I respectfully report a sum- mary of the part taken by this command in the campaign just ended: The campaign cominencezt on the 10th day of January, and ended with my command on the 26th day of March, making the duration two months and sixteen days. On the 10th day of January last I had orders to march from our camp, near Savannah, Ga., to Fort Thunderbolt. On the 12th of January I took shipping at Fort Thunderbolt for Beau- fort, S. C., with all the regiments of my command save one, the Twenty- fifth Jowa. which was left behind to assist in fetching up the transporta- tion of the division. This regiment reported to me in camp, near Beaufort, S. C., on the 14th day of January, 1865. On the 27th day of January we broke up camp and resumed the march. During this cam- paign this brigade has had four engagements with the enemy. First at Little Congaree Creek, near Columbia, S. C.,on the 15th day of Feb- ruary last. The Second Brigade of this division had the advance on that day and commenced skirmishing with the enemy within two miles of the camp we had left that morning. They drove the enemy without further assistance until near Little Congaree Creek, when from the nature of the ground the enemy was enabled to make a stubborn resist- ance. Here my brigade was ordered up and went into position on the left of the Second Brigade, Colonel Catterson commanding. I was ordered to form in two lines of battle, two regiments front and the other regiment, the Fourth Iowa, to cover the front as skirmishers and to move forward to effect a crossing of the Little Congaree Creek if possi- ble. Immediately in front of the Fourth Iowa was a swamp about waist deep and about 200 yards wide. The regiment did not falter at this obstacle, but gallantly plunged in, led by its commanding officer, Lieu- ten ant~CoLonel Nichols. We were now abont 500 yards above the posi- tioii held by the rebels on Little Congaree Creek, and a branch of the same stream intervening between us and the creek itself. It was dis- covered our present position flanked an outpost of the enemy on the sante side of ihe stream we were now on, and three companies of the Fourth Iowa and four companies of the Ninth Iowa were ordered to attack this outpost. Major Anderson, Fourth Iowa, commanded the skirmishers making the attack, and Captain Bowman, Ninth Iowa, commanded the reserve. The attack was made with great vigor and was eutirely successful. The enemy could not withstand the impetu- osity of the skirmishers and broke after a few minutes fighting to the opposite side of the (5reek. I now moved my command forward to the branch of the Little Congaree, separating us from the main creek, and with time Fourth Iowa went about three-quarters of a mile up the creek to a point beyond the enemys right flank and in their rear. I ordered the Fourth Iowa to cross here on a log as quietly as possible, intending so soon as that regiment had crossed to support it with two other regi- ments and attack the enemy from the rear. Had I succeeded in this arrangement I have no doubt I should have captured the enemys artil- lery and many prisoners, but the men first over discovered themselves to the enemy and he immediately commenced preparations to leave. The skirmishers drove him off before the column could get over, and this opened the crossing to Little Congaree Creek. Lieutenant-Col- onel Nichols and Major Anderson, of the Fourth Iowa, and Captain Bowman, of the Ninth Iowa, deserve notice for the gallant manner in which they did their duty Page 267 CH& 1~. TAX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 267 The whole division now crossed and formed a line of battle on a pla- teau about a mile from the creek. I again went into position on the left. Some rebel cavalry skirmishers threatening my front, I moved on them with four companies of the Twenty-fifth Iowa, and we soon drove them back to their main line. The list of casualties has been already furnished you. My next engagement with the enemy was at the city of Columbia, captured by my command on the 17th day of Feb-- mary, an official account of which, with the casualties and the number of prisoners, was made to you under date of the 19th day of February.* I did not meet the enemy agaiu in any force till the 20th instant on our march that day from our camp near Coxs Bridge on the Keuse River toward Bentonville. The Second Brigade, Colonel Catterson, had the advance that day and skirmished freely with the enemy, driv- ing him easily until we had arrived within three miles of Bentonville. The enemy here became stubborn, and, threatening an attack on the Second Brigade, I was ordered up and went into position on Colonel Cattersons left. We now advanced our line of battle of two brigades about half a mile and put up works. About 3 p. in. I was directed by brevet Major-General Woods, commanding division, and also by Major-General Logan, commanding the corps, to take three regiments, and if possible clear the road in our front and open commu- nication with the Fourteenth Corps, now fighting apparently about a mile from us on our left front. I placed the Twenty-fifth Iowa, Lieu- tenant-Colonel Palmer commanding (which regiment I had ordered out about an hour before as skirmishers), to take the advance, and directed the Thirtieth Iowa, Lieutenant-Colonel Roberts command- ing, and the Thirty-first Iowa, Lieutenant-Colonel Jenkins command- ing, to follow as a reserve. The Twenty-fifth Iowa was deployed as skirmishers with their colors in the road [was going to clear, and my first movement with the regiment was to change direction to the right. This movement was made steadily until three-fourths of the regi- ment had crossed the road, when our proximity to the rebels on my left and in the road caused very severe skirmishing. Two regiments of the Second Division now came up on my left rear (I think the Sixth Missouri and the Thirtieth Ohio), one of them, the Sixth Missouri, deployed as skirmishers. I made arrangements with the officer corn- manding the last-mentioned regiment to join the two regiments with mine, and at a given signal the Twenty-fifth Iowa and the Sixth Mis- souri should make a charge. The charge proved entirely successful, although at a severe loss in the Twenty-fifth Iowa. We drove the enemys skirmishers, composed of ilokes division, from the Virginia army, back to their works across the swamp, clearing the road and thus opened communication with the Fourteenth Corps. The officers and men of the Twenty-fifth Iowa behaved handsomely and fought desperately. Lieutenant-Colonel Palmer, commanding the regiment, and Captain Allen, acting major, who lost his right leg in the engage- ment, deserve notice for exposing themselves freely and for the gallant manner in which they cheered their men forward. At night 1 retired to a new line and my place was occupied by other troops. I have already sent you a list of the casualties and the num- ber of prisoners captured. On the 21st instant I had orders to erect a line of works on the skim. mish line, and at 1p.m. I moved three regiments to the front line, the Fourth Iowa on the right, connecting with the left of the First Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General Woods commanding, the Thirtieth Iowa iu *Seep. 263 Page 268 268 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. CA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX. the center and the Ninth Iowa on the left. The Twenty-fifth Iowa and the Thirty-first Iowa were in the rear, held in reserve. We put up a tem- porary line of~ works under fire of the enemy, and at 2 oclock I received orders to charge the enemys skirmish line, 150 yards in my front in good skirmish pits. We captured the pits with but slight loss, but the enemy evinced so much determination to regain them that the fighting became very sharp. The enemys main line of battle, behind good works, was by actual measurement but 100 yards from these skirmish pits, and he fired from the works by volley. At three different times they followed up the fire by volley by an assault on my skirmishers. Their men swarmed over the works and charged gallantly, but I had re-enforced the line till I had nearly a line of battle, and our incessant firing prevented them from charging as a perfect organization and every charge was repulsed. The orders came to me so positive to hold the ground I had already gained, even from Generals Howard and Logan, that I should have done so or ruined the brigade. At night I relieved the skirmish line with the Thirty.first Iowa, Lieutenant-Colonel Jenkins commanding. Colonel Jenkins man aged the new line admirably. It rained a great deal during the night, but his men worked faithfully, and he put up quite a strong line of works so near the enemy that the conversation had to be carried on in whispers. Captain Teale, of the Fourth Iowa, deserves especial notice for his gallantry in holding the most exposed and dangerous part of the line. I regret to announce this gallant young officer was very severely wounded in the leg. Lieutenant-Colonel Nichols and Major Anderson, of the Fourth Iowa, deserve mention for voluntarily going on the skirmish line at a time when there was some wavering mani- fested. Captain Bowman, of my staff, also exposed himself freely and deserves notice. I mention these officers from personal observation, as twice during the day I deemed it my duty to go on the skirmish line myself. The other officers on the skirmish lineCaptain Inman, Ninth Iowa; Lieutenant Shields, Fourth Iowa; Lieutenant Sharp, Ninth Iowa; Lieutenant Rifley, Thirtieth Iowa, are all reported to me to have behaved well and set a good example to their men. The loss on the skirmish line was quite severe. I sent you an official list of the casualties the same night and the prisoners captured. On the morning of the 22d, half an hour before day, I rode out to the advanced post and ordered a patrol forward to feel of the enemy, but it was soon discovered he had left during the night. I at once sent word to the general commanding the division, and with a detachment of the Thirty-first followed hini up. Everything indicated a precipi- tate retreat. A few stragglers were picked up. Some of their dead and wounded were found near the roadside uncared for, and quite a number of small-arms, haversacks, and clothing were found scattered in their deserted camp. Just at sunrise I ran onto their rear guard, composed of cavalry, and my detachment being too small to fight it I covered the road with a fewmnen to make an effect and ordered some ten or fifteen men as skirmishers to annoy the enemy until a regiment which I had just ordered up (the Thirty-first Iowa) should arrive. Very soon after this our entire division moved to Bentonville, where we remained during the day, and at sundown we returned to the camp we had left in the morning. The graves of seventeen rebel officers iu my front indicates that the enemy suffered severely in killed and wounded. On our march toward Goldsborough 0mm the 23d instant I had the good fortune to have the post of honor, rear guard for the Army of the Ten- nessee. The rear guard of my command fell upon the Twenty-fifth Iowa Page 269 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 269 On the 24th instant I was ordered to remain at the pontoon bridge over the Neuse River, near Goldsborongh, to cover the crossing of our corps train, and on the 26th instant I rejoined the division in camp near Goldsborongh. iDuring the campaign just closed this brigade has been in four engage- ments, with the following loss: Killed, 7; wounded, 64; missing, 12. We have captured and turned over to the provost-marshal 145 pris- oners of war. In taking the city of Columbia, S. C., we captured 43 pieces of artillery, about 5,000 stand of arms, immense quantities of ammunition and ordnance stores, and released 40 officers confined there. We have marched 485 miles, made 15,037 yards of corduroy roads, and have destoyed 3 miles of railroad. The brigade is in excel- lent health and spirits, but very ragged. My thanks are due all my staff officersCapt. John N. Bell, Twenty- fifth Iowa; Capt. A. Bowman, Ninth Iowa; Lients. Samuel W. Snow and Baron II. Crane Twenty-fifth Iowa (now in the hands of the enemy), and Lient. John W. Gilman. Thirty-first Iowafor the zeal manifested by them during the entire campaign to do their whole duty. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, (3-EG. A. STONE, Colonel Twenty-fifth Iowa Vols., Commanding Brigade. Capt. FRED. II. WILSON, Acty. Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. No. 20. Report of Asst. Surg. Samuel C. Rogers, Thirtieth Iowa Infantry, of operations April 10. PETTIGREW HOSPITAL, Raleigh, April 25, 1865. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN, Commanding F~fteenth Army Corps: GENERAL: Since my report of the 15th, which I inclose, I have seen some of the men with me at the time of the attack, and am happy to learn that all escaped in the woods excepting four, who were captured but made their escape the first, night; all of whom returned to Golds- borough and have just rejoined their several commands. I am, general, most respectfully, your obedient servant, S.C. ROGERS, Assistant Surgeon, Thirtieth Iowa. THIRTIETH IOWA INFANTRY, MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, In the Field, near Raleigh, N. C., April 15, 1865. GENERAL: I have the honor to make the following report, after having complied with orders from Surg. John Moore, medical director,Army of the Tennessee, and provided for those who were unable to proceed with their commands: The army moved from Goldsborongh on Monday, April 10, I follow- ing on the next day with twenty-three hospital attendants and conva- lescents. About nine miles froni Goldsborough, at the plantation of Jack Coley, I was informed by negroes that there were bushwhacker Page 270 270 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. near, and had been at this place but a short time before. I at once had all those who had guns (being only nine) to load them and proceed cau- tiously forward. But we had advanced less than one mile when we were attacked by a mounted force, compelling us to take to the woods for shelter. Myself, with one of the drivers, returned on the road to Coleys place and were directed by the blacks to take a by-road around the plantation, which would enable us to reach the railroad. In this we succeeded, crossing the railroad half a mile below Pikeville. We then overtook the rear guard of the main train, and I then returned to the point of attack with Lieutenant Harvey and nine mcii of the Thirty- first Iowa. We found our train had been plundered of everything. I lost all my personal effects and all my papers, both private and official. None of the men could be found, and after cheering and receiving no response, we gathered up the remnants of our train and joined the main train about midnight. I have since seen one of the party attacked, William Michael, Eighty-third Indiana, Company G, who says that he was the only one of the twenty-two who took to the woods who escaped, he having secreted himself till after dark and then came in. I have been informed by a soldier wh~ was in the vicinity at the time of the attack (which was about 4 p. in.) that just before dark he heard a vol- ley of fifteen or twenty guns. I fear they have all been shot. I also was told by the negroes that the son of Jack Coley, and also the son of Bill Lewis, were with the bushwhackers. This was also confirmed by a family of whites near by, who had seen a party of nine or ten just before dark. I am, general, most respectfully, your obedient servant, S. C. ROGERS, Assistant AS1urgeon, Thirtieth Iowa. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN, Commanding Fifteenth Army Corps. [First indorsernent.] HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FIRST Div., 15TH ARMY Conrs, Near Raleigh, N. C., April 15, 1865. Respectfully forwarded. GEO. A. STONE, Colonel, Commanding. [Second indorsement] HDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Near Bearer Dam Creek, April 16, 1865. Respectfully forwarded for the consideration of the general com- manding. CHAS. R. WOODS, Brevet Major- General. [Third indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, 1IIorrisville, N. C., April 17, 1865. Respectfully returned to Brevet Major-General Woods, commanding First Division, for thorough investigation and report. He will please ascertain, if possible, what has become of the missing men and whether the apprehensions of the surgeon are well founded. By order of Maj. Gen, John A. Logan: MAX. WOODHULL, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 271 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 271 [Fourth indorse~ient.] IIDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Raleigh, N. 0., April 22, 1865. Respectfully returned to Assistant Surgeon Rogers, Thirtieth Iowa Infantry, who will please ilidorse any additional information or con- firmation that he may have concerning the affair referred to within. He will also give the name and regiment of the soldier who gave him the information that at dark on the evening of the attack some fifteen or tweiity shots were heard. Was it near the place, or where the prisoners were supposed to have been carried l Did Lieutenant Har- vey make any search through the timber and country after evidence of the missing men ~ This paper merely speaks of him and his men cheer- ing without receiving any response. Was there any evidence further than the fact that some soldier heard fifteen or twenty shots fired that led Surgeon Rogers to believe the prisoners were foully dealt with ~ By order of Bvt. Maj. Gen. C. R. Woods: F. H. WILSON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 21. Reports of Maj. Gen. William B. fliazen, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations January 1March 24. IIDQRS. SECOND DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Near Poplar Springs, 5. 0., February 21, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of this command from the crossing of Sandy Run to the evacua- tion of Columbia: February 14, the command crossed Sandy Run at 2p. m. and marched on Columbia road three miles and a half to Thomas Creek, within sup- porting distance of the First Division. Captured seven prisoners to-day. February 15, marched on old State road in rear of First Division, which engaged the enemy at Congaree Creek, where one gun of De Gress battery participated. As soon as the First Division had effected a crossing this command followed, marching bne mile, taking up a posi- tion in front of enemys line on the right of the First Division, and with the right resting on Congaree River. This position was intrenched at night. Shortly afterward the enemy opened a battery from the oppo- site bank of the river, nearly enfilading our line. One officer and two men were wounded, the former mortally. Distance marched, seven miles. February 16, the skirmish line was advanced along the road, reaching the Congaree bridge, four miles, at daylight. The bridge was burned. The command moved forward at 8 a. in., the enemy firing from opposite bank and wounding two men severely. One section De Gress battery and a regiment of sharpshooters engaged the battery on opposite bank, and succeeded in silencing it for the time. One section of the battery was brought forward and engaged in shelling the city. It being deemed impracticable to attempt a crossing at the Con- garee bridge the command moved at 11 a. m. two miles up the river to the Salada bridge, which being burned, two regiments of the First Brigade were crossed in pontoon-boats and pushed forward, driving the enemy frQm the opposite bank. The re,mai~ider of this brigade followed Page 272 272 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. driving the enemy rapidly across to and through the Broad River bridge, but did not succeed in saving the bridge from being fired and burned by the enemy. The command camped at this point at 5.30 p. in., having marched eight miles. Casualties, 1 officer and 2 men wounded. Cap- tured 8 prisoners. February 17, the command marched at 3 p. m. in ream~ of the corps, leaving the train behind, and crossing Broad River on the pontoon bridge, matched through the city at 5.30 p. in. and took position one mile beyond on the Columbia and South Carolina Railroad, having marched five miles. February 18, the Third Brigade was sent through the city at 3 a. m. to clear the city and prevent further destruc- tion of property. The command was employed during the day in destroying the railroad. February 19, the command finished destroy- ing the half of the length of railroad assigned to it and the Fourth Division, being 7~ miles, iii addition to which 3 cannon, a large amount of machinery for a rolling mill, and ~3 stationary engines found on the line of road were destroyed. Captured 4 prisoners. February 20, the command marched at 8 a. in. on the Camden road. Casualties: Officers, 2; utien, 4. Number of miles marched, 23A. Enemy captured, 19. Property destroyed, 7~ miles railroad, machun. cry, rolling-mills, and foundry, three 10-pounder Parrott guns. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. B. HAZEN, Major- General. Maj. MAX WOODHULL, Assistant Adjutant- General, Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRs. SECOND Div., FIFTEENTH ARMY Coups, Goldsborough, N. 0., March 28, 1865. In obedience to orders, I have the honor to submit the following report of the movements of this division since leaving Savannah, Ga.: After remaining at that city from January 1 to the 14th the division moved at 6 a. in. of that day for Thunderbolt Bay, where it embarked during the 14th, 15th, and 16th, arriving same days at Beaufort, S. C., where it was established in camp, and remained till the 24th, when nine regiments wet e moved out to repair the road to Port Royal Ferry, a distance of nine miles, amid on the 30th the entire command moved over that ferry, commencing the campaign in South Carolina and moving out to Pocotaligo Station. Leaving Pocotaligo on the 1st of February, we marched to Laurel Hill Chnrch, and on the 2d marched to Lopers Cross-Roads, skirmishing with the enemy, in which the division lost 5 wounded and the enemy 2 killed. On the 3d the com- mand remained in camp, skirmishing across Duck Creek, which was afterward crossed by the Third Brigade. Casualties, 1 killed and 1 wounded. On the 4th we moved eight miles in the direction of Bu- fords Bridge. Iii a skirmuish to-day 1 of the enemy was killed and 1 of our meim wounded. On the 5th the command crossed the Great Salkehatchie, and on the 6th crossed the Little Salkehatchie and encamped at Springtown Church. On the 7th we moved on -the Charleston and Augusta Railroad, which was struck at Bamberg. On the 8th one brigade made a reconnaissance to the South Edisto River, while the others destroyed the railroad. On the 9th the command moved to ilolmans Bridge, which was burned, the enemy holding the opposite bank. Troops were crossed on fidlen tiecs late at evening, and during the night the enemy withdrew. Our casualties were Page 273 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 273 wounded. On the 10th moved across the South Edisto, going into and intrenching the position, and on the 11th moved out to Poplar Springs, and on the 12th moved to the North Edisto, where the enemy was found in considerable strength on the opposite bank. Troops were sent above and below, while two regiments were deployed and moved down to the bank and by felling trees into the water crossings were made at three polilts, and the entire command moved across, being compelled to wade in deep water about half a mile. Col. W. S. Jones was moved down upon the enemys right flank, completely routing him, capturing some 80. Our casualties were 5 wounded. The command then moved on Columbia, reaching Congaree Creek and crossing it the 15th, taking up and intrenching a position two miles north of it. During the night the enemy, from across the Con- garee River, threw shells into my camp, greatly to the discomfort of everybody. This they continued next morning, inflicting slight loss. The command was moved on the 16th opposite the city, and afterward to Saluda Factory, where two regiments of Col. Theodore Jones brigade were pushed across the Saluda River in boats, ujider the fire of a small force of the enemy, who were driven precipitately across to the Broad River, a distance of about two miles. He here crossed the bridge and burned it. Three men were wounded to-day. On the 17th the command marched through Columbia, taking post about one mile south of it, where it remained on the 1.8th. At about 2 a. m. on the 18th one brigade, General Olivers, was sent through the town to clear it of disorderly men, which was done under the super- intendence of General Oliver himself in a very satisfactory manner. During the day the portion of the Columbia and Charleston Railroad assigned the division was destroyed, and on the 20th marched on Cam- den, but turned to the left in the direction of Peays Ferry, which was reached the 22d, and on the 23d moved through Liberty Hill, and on the 24th moved to the Marengo Mills, passing the suburbs of Camden, one regiment only passing through that town. Some skirmishing to-day; one rebel killed and several captured. On the 25th and 26th the command moved to Kellys Bridge, over Lynchs Creek, but the rains had raised the water so as to make the flats impassable. We remained here for the water to subside till the 28th, when we com- menced the construction of a trestle bridge, which consisted of over ninety trestles, and was completed in twenty hours, when the com- mand moved over and out to Black Creek, which was reached March 2. During the month of February the division marched 253 miles. It had 22 men killed and wounded; killed and captured 90 of the enemy. On the 3d [instant] the march toward Cheraw was resumed, reach- ing that place on the 4th, and on the 5th crossed the Great Pedee, and remained in camp on the 6th at Harringtons plantation. On the 7th, 8th, and 9th the command moved forward toward Fayetteville, cross- ing Lumber River on the last-named day, and encamped at Bethel Church. It rained severely after the arrival of the troops and previous to the arrival of many of the trains. The entire day, the 10th, was occupied in corduroying roads, and on the 11th the command moved twenty miles, camping at Little Rockflsh Creek. On the 12th marched to Fayetteville, where we remained till the 14th, when we moved across Cape Fear River, camping one mile east of that stream. From this point all refugees, some 104 white and 465 black, were sent to Wilming- ton. On the 15th the march was resumed iii the direction of Golds- borough, which was continued at slow stages till midnight of the 19th, 18 R RYOL XLVII, PT Page 274 274 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. when I received orders to turn back to the assistance of General Slocum, and reported to huin with the division near Beutonville at day- light, having marched since sunset twenty miles. At 12 m. the 20th the division was moved to the rear of the Fourteenth Corps, and two regiments were deployed, and connecting with the First Division of the Fifteenth Corps on the right and the Fourteenth Corps on the left, engaged the enemy in their lines, when they were re-enforced by the remainder of the First Brigade, and remained in position till the 21st, when the Second Brigade was posted on their left and the whole line intrenched. Brisk picket skirmishing was kept up till night, when the enemy retreated. Our casualties were 3 officers and men killed and 26 wounded.* On the 22d the division moved to Granthams house, and on the 23d and 24th to Goldsborough, where it was placed in position on the left of the corps, about two miles east of the town. The whole number of miles marched oii the campaign are 4G1~ men and officers lost, killed, 17; wounded, 52; lost by capture, 45; total, 114. Enemy captured, 159; number killed and woundedq not known. I would respectfully call attention to tabulated information accom- panying this report, also to reports of brigade commanders. I have specially to call favorable attention to the members of my staff, as follows: First, to Lieut. Thaddens II. Capron, regimental quartermaster Fifty-fifth Illinois, acting quartermaster of this division. Great credit is due for his untiring industry in bringing through the trains of the division in excellent condition, and Capt. John W. Cornyn, commis- sary of subsistence, for the masterly administration of his department. Also to Doctor Potter, Thirtieth Ohio, medical director of the division. To Capt. G. Lofland, assistautadjutant-general; Capt. C. A. Earnest, Thirtieth Ohio, acting inspector; Capt. P. G. Galvin, Sixth Missouri, acting aide-de-camp; Capt. John C. Nelson, Seventieth Ohio, coinmis- sary of musters; Capt. Joseph Shultz, One hundred and eleventh Illi. nois, provost-marshal~ Lient. D. M. Burchfield, Fifty-third Ohio, aide- de-camp, and Lieut. C. H. Johnson, Fifteenth Michigan, acting ordnance officer, credit is due for faithful performance of duty. Mr. John II. Scupham, of Battery H, First Illinois Artillery, has acted as engineer officer of this division with great efficiency and should be rewarded; also, Lient. Byron Barrett, One hundred and sixteenth Illi- nois, master of ambulances, and Capt. A. H. Heath, Ninety-ninth Indiana, chief pioneer, deserve special notice for their valuable and untirin g services. No praise can ever reach the full measure due the soldiers of this command, who, without one murmnr, have waded rivers and swamps in the most inclement weather, crowding their enemy from every strong- hold he chose to occupy, permitting no obstacle, natural or artificial, to. check their progress, and gathering for themselves the food that could not be furnished by Government, and without which the campaign could not have been made. In all this the soldiers of this army, passing through a country tra- ditional for its efforts to destroy the Government, and often from the nature of their duties beyond the control of their officers, have shown a humane forbearance such as was never before seen in any war. A few acts of atrocity by straggling vagabonds that encumber all armies bave from time to time been committed, and too often have the good soldiers of the army, who gathered its food and to whom the country owes the * j3ut see revised table, p. 6~ Page 275 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 275 success of this campaign, been compelled to bear the odium of such conduct. But by a proper attention to this class of duty (foraging), which may at any time become the most important in an army, there is no reason why its dignity should be less conspicuous than its impor- tance. I have also to call especial attention to the inclosed list for promo- tions. I am, re spectihlly, your obedient servant, W B. HAZEN, M~. MA.x WOOBIIULL, ]Iiajor- General. Assistant Adjutant- General. [Inclosure.] IIDQRS. SECOND DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS Goldsborough, N. 0., April 4, 18G5. Recommendations for promotion. First. Col. Theodore Jones, Thirtieth Ohio, colonel commanding First Brigade, to be brigadier-general of volunteers for conspicuous service at Jonesborongli, August 31, 1864, at Fort McAllister, December 13, 1864, and for constant and meritorious attention to duty as brigade commander in the Georgia and South Carolina campaigns. Second. Col. Wells S. Jones, Fifty-third Ohio, commanding Second Brigade, to be brevet brigadier-general of volunteers for meritorious service at Joiiesborough, August 31, 1864, at Fort McAllister, Decem- ber 13, 1864, where he was severely wounded, and for constant atten- tion to duty as brigade commander on the Georgia and South Carolina campaigns. Third. Capt. Francis De Gress, Battery II, First Illinois Artillery, to be brevet major for constant and meritorious attention to duty as cal)tain of a battery in front of Atlanta, and on the Georgia and South Carolina campaigns. Fourth - Capt. Cyrus A. Earnest, Thirtieth Ohio, acting inspector- general, Second Division, to be brevet major of volunteers for constant and meritorious service on the Georgia and South Carolina campaigns, and for conspicuous attention to duty at Jonesborough, August 31, 1864, and at McAllister, December 13, 1864. Fifth. Capt. John W. Cornyn, commissary of subsisteiice, to be brevet major for the masterly administration of his department in the Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, on the Georgia and South Carolina campaigns. Sixth. First Licut. Thaddeus II. Capron, regimental quartermaster Fifty-fifth Illinois Veteran Infantry and actia g assistant quartermas- ter Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, to be brevet captain for his great industry and good service in adnmiimistering his department in the South Carolina campaign. Seventh. Acting Lieut. John Ill. Scupham, Battery II, First Illinois Veteran Artillery, to be brevet captain for conspicuous gallantry and good conduct at Joimesborough, August 31, 1864, at McAllister, Decem- ber 13, 1864, and for valuable services on the Georgia and South Carolina campaigns Page 276 276 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. FIRST BRIGADE. Eighth. Capt. Giles Hand, Fifty-fifth Illinois Veteran Infantry, to be brevet major, for constant good conduct and courage in all the skirmishes on the Georgia and South Carolina campaigns, and for a severe wound received in action at Bentoiiville, N. C., March 20, 1865. Ninth. First Lient. Theophilus Paesler, Thirtieth Ohio Veteran Infan- try, to be brevet captain for constant, brave, and good conduct in the skirmishes on the Georgia and South Carolina campaigns, and for a severe wound received in action at Bentonville, N. C., March 20, 1865. Tentb. First Lient. Cyrus M. Dc Lany, adj atant Thirtieth Ohio Vet- eran Infantry, to be brevet captain for conspicuous gallantry in all the battles and skirmishes the regiment has been engaged in. Eleventh. First Lieut. James W. McElravey, Thirtieth Ohio Veteran Infantry, to be brevet captain for constaiit gallantry and good con- duct in all the battles his regiment has been engaged in. SECOND BRIGADE. Twelfth. Col. Augustus C. Parry, Forty-seventh Ohio Veteran Infan- try, to be brevet brigadier-general for conspicuous gallantry in leading his regiment to the assault of Fort McAllister, December 13, 1864. Thirteenth. Lieut. Col. Israel T. Moore, commanding Fifty-fourth Ohio Veteran Infantry, to be brevet colonel for conspicuous gallantry in leading his regiment to the assault of McAllister, December 13, 1864. Fourteenth. Maj. William Mabry, One hundred and eleventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, to be brevet lieutenant-colonel for gallantry in leading his regiment at the assault of McAllister, December 13, 1864. Fifteenth. Maj. Thomas T. Taylor, Forty-seventh Ohio Veteran Infan- try, to be brevet lieutenant-colonel for gallantry in the assault on Fort McAllister, December 13, 1864, and for a severe wound received in a hand to hand combat at that assault. Sixteenth. Capt. John Bell, Fifty-fourth Ohio Veteran Infantry, acting aide-de-camp, to be brevet major for gallantry in the assault of Fort McAllister December 13, 1861. Seventeenth. Capt. Henry Breinfoerder, Forty-seventh Ohio Veteran Infantry, to be brevet major for distinguished service rendered in the assault of Fort McAllister, Decen~be~ 13, 1864. THIRD BRIGADE. Eighteemith. Lieut. Col. F. S. Hutchinson Fifteenth Michigan Veteran Infantry, to be brevet colonel for distinguished service in leading his regiment at the assault of Fort McAllister, December 13, 1864. Nineteenth. Lieut. Col. H. L. Philips, Seventieth Ohio Veteran Infan. try, to l)e brevet colonel for distinguished service in leading his regi- ment at the assal4lt of Fort McAllister, December 13, 1864. W. B. HAZEN, Major- General. A DDENDA. Official list of casualties in Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, since leaving Savannah, Ga., January 14, 1865, up to the present date, March 24, 1865.* ~ Nominal list omitted Page 277 ChAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. Recapitulation. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. a a ee 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ First Brigade 8 6 24 1 19 7 51 58 Second Brigade 5 17 10 32 32 Third Brigade 2 2 1 4 15 3 21 24 Total 2 15 7 45 1 44 10 104 114 W. B. HAZEN, Major- General, U. ~. Volunteers. IIDQR$. SECOND IDIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, January 15, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the movements of the command from the 1st instant: January 1, marched from Fort McAllister at 7 a. in. for Savannah. crossing Kings Bridge at 9 a. m. and Little Ogeechee at 2 p. in., and reaching Woodlawn, four miles from Savannah, when came np with Second Brigade and camped for the night, having marched twenty-two miles. January 2, marched to the city, four miles, camping just out- side. January 3 to 7, furnished heavy details for fatigue to work on breast-works; meantime drilling, reviewing, and holding frequent inspections. January 7, the division with the rest of the Fifteenth Army Corps was reviewed by General Sherman. January 8 to 14, spent in drilling and fatigue duty. January 14, command marched at 6 a. m. for Thunderbolt, which reached and camped 9 a. m. and pre- pared to embark for Beaufort, S. C., as rapi(lly as possible. One regi- mnent, Fifteenth Michigan, embarked at S p. in., on steamer Louisa. January 15, remainder of Third Brigade embarked to-day for and arrived at Beaufort, distance sixty miles. 1 have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. EARNEST, Capt., 30th Ohio Vols., Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., 2d Div., 15th A. C. Lient. Col. L. E. YORKE, Astistant Inspector- General, Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. SECOND DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, - Pocotaligo Station, S. C., January 31, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following record of events in this command since the 15th instant: January 16, 17, and 18, the remainder of the command, except the supply train and two regiments, having arrived from Fort Thunderbolt, camp was established two miles from the city (Beaufort). January 19 to 24, remained in same camp, daring which time the troops were exer- cised in company and battalion drills and evolutions of the hue. Jan- uary 24, to-day nine regiments, three from each brigade, were distributed along the Shell road to Port Royal Ferry, for the purpose of repairing the road, and commenced work. January 25, in compliance with 27 Page 278 278 OPEIIATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. LCIIAV. LIX. orders Captain IDe Gress, commanding Battery II, First Illinois Light Artillery, reported to this command for duty. January 26, to-day the column moved out to Grays Hill, seven miles from the city, where camped, having marched live miles. January 27, finished the road to-day, having built since the 24th 3,670 yards of corduroy. January 28, in same place preparing for campaign. January 29, the supply train and remainder of troops having arrived by water, arrangements for marching were completed by drawing supplies, & c. The command was reviewed this p. in. by General Hazen. January 30, marched this a. in. at 7 oclock, crossing the Coosaw River at Port Royal Ferry, and taking the Pocotaligo road, which point we reached at 2 p. in.; then moved on to Pocotaligo Station on the Charleston and Savannah Rail- road, where camped at 3.30 p. in., having marched seventeen miles. January 31, remainedin camp at Pocotaligo Station. Number of miles marched, twenty-four. Total distance traveled, eighty-four miles. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. EARNEST, Capt., 30th Ohio Vols., Actg. Asst. Insp. Gem., 2d Div., 15th A. C. Lient. Col. L. E. YORKE, Assistant Inspector- General, Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. SECOND DIVISION FIFTEENTH AHMY Coups OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOThGENERAL, Before Columbia, ~. C., February 16, 1865. COLONEL: I have the lion or to submit the following report of the movements of this command from February 1 to the present date: February 1, marched at 7 a. in., reaching MePhersonville (five miles) at 8.45 a. in., where we halted two hours, theii moved on through Brails- fordville to Sand fill Church, near Alligator Creek, where camped, having marched thirteen miles. February 2, marched at 6.30 a. in., crossing Alligator Creek and many swamps during the day, on account of which the marching was very severe. The infantry marched on the right of the road and crossing all of the swamps on fallen trees. The enemy was encountered a few miles from Lopers Cross-Roads, but driven without difficulty beyond that point by two regiments of the First Brigade. Two of the enemy were killed and five of our men wounded. Camped at this point, having marched seventeen miles. Feb- ruary 3, remained in same position during to-day. The Third Brigade effected a crossing of Duck Creek this morning. One gnu of IDe Gress battery was also engaged. The enemy was driven three miles beyond the creek. Our casualties were 1 man killed and 1 officer wounded. Captured 1 prisoner. February 4, this morning thirty wagons from supply train were sent back for additional supplies. Several men who had the small-pox were sent back also. The command marched at 12 in. on road to Angleys Post-Office, which was reached at 5 p. in.; dis- tance, eight miles. The road was corduroyed nearly all the way by three regiments sent ahead of the command. Had a small skirmish with enemy this evening, who captured 2 horses and woumided 2 men. One rebel man was killed. February 5, marched at 9 a. mu. Crossed Great Salkehatchie on Bufords Bridge, six miles and a half from Angleys, at 12 in. Marched one mile after crossing on Barnwell road, where camped at 3 p. in., having marched eight miles. February 6, marched at 12 in. on Orangeburg road in rear of column, crossing Little Salkehatchie at dark and camping at Springtown Church, one mile from the river, at 8.30 p. mu., having marched eight miles. Raine Page 279 Cxiii. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OP THE CAROLINAS. 279 all night. The thirty wagons sent from Lopers Cross-Roads rejoined the column, not having any supplies, as they had been turned back at Hickory Hill. Captured one prisoner to-day. February 7, cold and rainy. Marched at daylight in rear of First Division and on Orange- burg road, reaching the Charleston and Augusta Railroad at Bamberg Station at 11 a in., and camped one mile west, having marched eight miles. The Third Brigade destroyed one mile of the railroad toward Midway. February 8, remained in same position to-day. The Second Brigade destroyed half a mile of railroad toward Midway. The Sec- ond Brigade made a reconnaissance to Cannons Bridge, on the Edisto River, finding bridge burned and the enemy intrenched on opposite side, and returned to camp. February 9, marched at daylight on Augusta and Charleston road, crossing Binnakers Bridge road, crossing Bryans and Sykes Creeks, and taking road to ilolmans Bridge, when, finding enemy on opposite side, took position, having marched eleven miles. The First Brigade was sent forward to reconnoiter and effect a crossing. One battalion crossed on fallen trees three-quarters of a mile above the bridge, advanced into the swamp beyond, and night coming on were unable to accomplish anything. Casualties, two men wounded. To-night the enemy retired on road to Columbia. February 10, the First Brigade crossed at 9 a. m. and went into position at forks of Orangeburg and Columbia roads. Three-quarters of a mile of corduroy had to be made from bridge for the infantry to cross the swamps. The remainder of division crossed at 4 p. m. and moved out one mile and a half on Columbia road, where camped and intrenched the position, having marched two miles and a half. February 11, marched at daylight on Orangeburg road in advance, crossing several small streams and arriving at Poplar Springs at 4p. m. and camped, having marched fifteen miles. Jntrenched this position. February 12, marched at 7 a. in. in advance, reaching Shil- lings Bridge (four miles) at 9 a. in., when, finding the bridge burned and enemy intrenched on opposite side, the Second Brigade was sent forward to cross. The enemy engaged them sharply. A crossing was efiheted on fallen trees and timber at 11 a. m. at two different points above the bridge, at which this brigade crossed, while at the same time the First and Third Brigades crossed two miles below. In advancing a swamp three-quarters of a mile in width and waist deep was encoun- tered, which all the officers and men waded with cheerfulness and enthusiasm. The Second Brigade drove the enemy from his works, killing 2 and capturing 57. Our casualties were 5 men wounded. The First and Third Brigades, under the immediate command of General Hazen, having crossed below, moved forward and struck the Orange- burg road four miles from that point, where camped. The Second Bri- gade joined them at 11 p. m. The trains were also bronght forward. Distance marched, seven miles. February 13, marched at 8 a. m. in rear of Third Division. Crossed Caw Caw Swamp, then taking a neigh- borhood road across Columbia road, on which we crossed Sadiers and Little Crotchpen Swamps, crossing on south side of Big Crotchpen Swamp, having marched thirteen miles. Captured one prisoner. Feb- ruary 14, marched at 6.30 a. m. in advance and on Columbia road, cross- ing Big Beaver Creek at 10 a. m. Arrived at Sandy Run Post-Office at 1 p. in., crossing Sandy Run and moving forward three miles and a half to Thomas Creek in support of First Division, where camped. Distance marched, seventeen miles. Captured seven prisoners. Feb- ruary 15, marched at 7 a. m. on old State road in rear of First Division, which encountered the enemy at Congaree Creek, where one gun of D Page 280 280 OPE1~ATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Gress battery was engaged in shelling the enemy. As SOOII as the First Division had crossed this followed, taking up a position on right of First Division, the right resting ou the Congaree River and in front of the enemys line. This position was intrenched. Marched nine miles. At night the enemy opened a battery on the opposite side of the Con- garee, shelling our lines severely. One officer and two men were wounded. Since the 4th instant three regiments have been constantly sent forward to corduroy the road in advance of the column and open a road for the infantry on the right of the road. This has been found to be the best system of repairing the roads yet tried. Recapitulation.Casualties: Killed, 1; wounded ,18. Number of miles marched, 1364-. Enemy killed, 5; enemy captured, 67. The command is in a fine condition for further movements. I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. EARNEST, Capt., 30th Ohio Vols., Acig. Asst. Insp. Gen., 2d Div., 15th A. C. Lient. Col. L. E. YORKE, Asst. inspector- General and Chief of & aff, 15th Army Corps. IIDQRS. SECOND DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CoRPs, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, Lynchs Greek, ~. C., February 28, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the movements of this command from the 15th instant up to the present date: February 16, the skirmish line was pushed forward this morning on the Columbia road, reaching the Congaree bridge (four miles) at day- light. The bridge had been destroyed, the enemy having retreated across it during the night. The column moved forward at 8 a. in., the enemy firing from opposite bank and wounding two men severely. One section of De Gress battery and a regiment of sharpshooters engaged the battery on opposite bank and succeeded in silencing it for the time. One section was brought forward and engaged in shell- ing the city. it being deemed impracticable to attempt a crossing at the Congaree bridge the command moved at 11 a. m. two miles up the river to the Saluda bridge, which having been burned, two regiments of the First Brigade were crossed on pontoonboats and pushed forward, driving the enemy from the opposite bank. The remainder of this brigade, supported by the rest of the command, followed as soon as the bridge was laid, driving the enemy rapidly across to and through the Broad River bridge, but did not succeed in saving the bridge from being fired and burned by the enemy. The command camped at this point at 5.30 p. in., having marched eight miles. Casualties, 1 officer and 2 men wounded. Captured 8 prisoners. February 17, the command moved at 3 p. in. in rear of the corps, leaving the train behind and crossing Broad River on the pontoon bridge. Marched through~the city at 5.30 p. m. and took position one mile beyond on the Columbia and South Carolina Railroad, having marched five miles. February 18, the Second Brigakle was sent through the city at 3 a. in. to clear it and prevent further destruction of property. The division was engaged during the day in destroying the railroad. February 19, the command finished destroying the half of the lengths of railroad assigned to it and the Fourth Division, being seven miles and a half, in addition t Page 281 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CA1~OLTNAS. 281 which three 10-pounder Parrott guns, a large amount of machinery for rolling mills and foundries, and six stationary engines were destroyed. Captured 7 prisoners. February 20, marched on Camden road, in rear of Third Division, eleven miles and a half then, taking road to Muddy Springs, marched nine miles and a half where camped at 6.30 p. in., having marched twenty miles. The One hundred and twenty- seventh Illinois reported back to the division for duty, having been relieved from special service at department headquarters. February 21, marched at 8 a. in. in rear of Fourth Division. Roads hilly, mud and quicksand delaying the march greatly. Arrived at and crossed Dutchmans Creek at 8 p. in., where camped, having marched twenty- two miles. February 22, marched at 6 a. in., passing Poplar Springs (three miles) at 8 a in., and moving to Peays Ferry, on the Wateree River, where halted until pontoon bridge was laid. Crossed at 3 p. m. and moved forward two miles to 5ingleton~s Creek, where camped, hav- ing marched eleven miles. February 23, marched at 1p.m. in rear of Third and First Divisions, passing Liberty Hill and marching on Camden road six miles, then on settlement road across to Lancaster and Camden road on White Oak Creek, five miles from Flat Rock, one mile south of Red Hill Post- Office, where camped at 5 p. in., having marched twelve miles. Feb- ruary 24, marched at 9 a. in. in rear of Fourth Division on Camden road. After passing Saunders Creek, six miles from Camden, turned to the left, crossing the Camden and Lancaster road at Cool Springs, leaving Kirkwood on the right, striking the Cheraw and Camden road two miles from Camden. Camped at Marengo Mills, six miles northeast of Camden, at 9 p. in., having marched twenty miles. The day rainy and roads heavy, especially near camp. Forag~ers killed one rebel in skirmish at Cool Springs. February 25, marched at 8 a. m. in the advance on Cheraw road. Roads good; timber, pine. Camped at 1 p. in. at Sandy Grove Church, having marched eight miles. The First Brigade went forward to Tillers and Kellys Bridges, on Lynchs Creak, eight miles, securing both and cau~ping at those I)oints. Feb- ruary - 26, marched at 8 a. in. on Darlington road, reaching Kellys Bridge at 11 a. in., eight miles; roads good. The water was found very high, extending nearly a mile in width, and a crossing of trains was deemed impracticable. The Second and Third Brigades and the battery were pushed across with so much difficulty, however, that with the con- tinued rise of water further crossing was abandoned. The Second and Third Brigades, nnder command of General Oliver, took up a defensive position one mile from the bridge. February 27, remained in same position to-day. At 1 p. in. the water ceased to rise. Enemys cavalry made their appearance in small parties on east side of the river. Cap- tured one prisoner. February 28, in samne position. The water falling slowly. Commenced building a bridge across time creek. General Oliver pushed forward a recoimnaissance five miles on the Darlington road, not finding any force of the enemy. Captured one prisoimer. Becajpitulation.Number of miles marched, 117. Casualties: Com- missioned officers, 1; enlisted men, 2; total, 3. Enemy killed, 1; cap- tured, 17. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. EARNEST, Captain, Thirtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Aetg. Asst. Lisp. Gem, Second Division, P{fteenth Army Corps. Lient. Col. L. E. YO1IKE, Asst. Inspector- General and Chief of Staff, 15th Army Corps Page 282 282 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX. IIDQRs. SECOND DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CoupS, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, Bethel Church, N. C., March 15, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the movements of this command from the 1st instant. March 1,the Second and Third Brigades, under command of Brigadier- General Oliver, moved forward to Kellytown, six miles and a halt The bridge across Lynchs Creek was relaid on the ground. The First Brigade crossed at 6 p. m. Captured sixteen prisoners. March 2, the trains of division finished crossing at 1.15 p. m. The First Brigade with trains moved forward to Kellytown, arriving at 4 p. m. The whole command then moved on to Black Creek, where arrived at 6.30 p. m. and camped, having marched eleven miles. March 3, commenced crossing Black Creek at 6.30 a. m. Roads to-day were good. Crossed Juniper Creek at 6.30 p.m. and camped, having marched eighteen miles. Captured two prisoners. March 4, marched at daylight, coming upon the First Divis- ion near Thompsons Creek, five miles, where halted till 2 p. in.; then moved on to Cheraw, six miles, where camped, having marched eleven miles. Casualties, one man wounded. March 5, marched at 4 p. in. to pontoon bridge across the Great Pedee, one mile, and pushed forward on Fayetteville road to llarringtons plantation, four miles, where camped, having marched five miles. Captured eight prisoners. March 6, remained in camp at llarringtons plantation. Captured eleven prisoners. March 7, marched at 12 in. on Fayetteville road in rear of Third Division, crossing Society Hill and Rockingham road, five miles and a half, and Phills and Hills Creeks, and camping on east side of Crooked Creek, having marched eleven miles. Captured two prisoners. March 8, marched at 6.30 a. m. on tdegraph road to Fayetteville. Crossed State line one mile from camp, and during the day Little Pedee River and Joes Creek~ reiiching Laurel Hill at 12 in. Moved across Jordans Creek and camped, having marched fifteen miles. Captured three prisoners. Two regiments of Second Brigade were sent forward to Lumber River, seven miles and a half. March 9, marched at 6.30 a. in. on the Fayetteville road, crossing Shoe Heel Creek and reaching Lumber River at Gilchrists Bridge at 11.30 a in., where halted half an hoar, then crossed on pontoon bridge and moved forward to Bethel Church, where camped, having marched fourteen miles. The roads were impassable on account of rain, and trains did not come up. One regiment of the Second Brigade was sent to the right with department headquarters. March 10, spent day in corduroy. ing roads. Moved across Raft Swamp at 2 p. in., two miles, sending the advance forward six miles and bringing up the trains to Bethel Church. March 11, marched at 7 a. m. Crossed Dukes Branch and Rockfish Creek, thirteen miles, and moved on toward Fayetteville to Little Rockfish Creek, seven miles, where camped, having marched twenty miles. Casualties, 1 in an killed and 2 missing. March 12, marched at 7 a. m. on Fayetteville road. Crossed Little Rockflsh Creek near camp and camped one mile nearly south of the city, having marched six miles. March 13, remained in camp at Fayetteville. March 14, marched at 3 p. m. Arrived at pontoon bridge one mile below city, two miles; halted one hour and a half to get the bridge finished, cross- ing at 8.30 p. in., and moved out to Warsaw road, where camped, having marched three miles and a halt Left refngees and surplus negroes at this point, also the ordnance and supply trains. March 15, marched at 11 a. m. on Goldsborough road. Camped at 6.30 p. m. in rear of Fourt Page 283 CHAP LIX.l TI-IE CAMPAIGN OP THE CAP~OLTNA~. 283 Division and one mile and a half from Maxwells Bridge, on South iRiver, at Bethany Church, having marched ten miles. Reeapitulation.Number of miles marched, 126~-. Casualties: Killed, enlisted men, 2. Wounded, enlisted men, 6. Missing, commissioned officer, 1; enlisted men, 9. Enemy captured, 42. I am, colonel, your obedient servant, C. A. EARNEST, - Captain, Thirtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Actg. Asst. lnsp. (len., Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. Lient. Col. L. E. YORKE, Assistant Inspector- General, Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRs. SECOND DIVIsIoN, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, Uoldsborough, N. C., March 31, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the movements of this command from the 15th instant: March 16, marched at 7.30 a. In. to Maxwells Bridge across South River, one mile and a half; then on Fayetteville and Beamans Cross- Roads, four miles and a half; then up the river, crossing Jones Swamp, to Wesley Church, three miles, where camped, having marched nine miles. Captured five prisoners. March 17, marched at 9 a. mu. to the intersection of Bentonville road, crossing Taylors Swami), and camping at Roberts Cross-Roads, having marched six miles. Casualties, one man wounded. March 18, marched, at 6 a. m. in advance, crossing Little Cohera, Seven-Mile, and Great Cohera Creeks, taking the shortest routes toward Everettsvihle, and camping east of Newton Grove Cross-Roads, having marched eleven miles. March 19, marched at ~ 2 m. in rear of corps, halting at Pleasant Union and Canaan Churches, one mile, until 4 p. in., then moved on toward Coxs Bridge over Neuse itiver, corduroying much on the road, which was found next to impassable. Crossed a branch of Falling Creek, and arrived at Kings plantation at midnight, having marched seven miles. March 20, marched at near 1 a. in. back on road we had come on, having received orders to report to Major-General Slocum, commanding Left Wing of -the army. Passed camp of previous night and Bentons plantation (eight miles) and arrived at Harpers house in rear of Left Wing and reported to General Slocumn at 6.30 a. ni., having marched fourteen miles. Moved forward at 12 in. to rear of Fourteenth Corps, two miles, where camped. Two regiments of the First Brigade were pushed forward two miles farther to develop the left flank of the enemy. At about 2.30 p. in. these regiments formed on the right of the Four- teenth Corps, three miles from Bentonvihle, joining at the same time with the left of the First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, shortly after which the line moved forward, driving the enemys skirmishers and developing his main line, which position they held until the remainder of this brigade moved to their support and threw up temporary xvorks. The command reported back to Majom-- General Logan, commanding Fifteenth Army Corps. Our casualties were: Officers wounded, 4; men killed, 3; wounded, 7; total, 14. March 21, the Second and Third Brigades, after corduroying a road through the swamp to rear of First Brigade, went into position on same line and threw up works, having marched three miles. Casualtie Page 284 284 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. CA., AND E. FLA. (CHAP. LIX~ to-day: Killed, commissioned officer, 11 enlisted men, 2. Wounded, commissioned officer, 1; enlisted men, 15. Aggregate, 19. March 22, the enemy having retreated during the night the skirmishers pushed forward at daylight, capturing 4 prisoners. The command marched at 12 m. on Goldsborough road, corduroying it as far as ~ house, where camped, having marched nine miles. March 23, marched at 7 a. in. on lower Goldsborongh road halt a mile, then on Everettsville road, crossing Falling Creek, and camping at 9.30 a. in. at Halls plan- tation, having marched six miles and a half. March 24, marched at 7 a. in., crossing Neuse River near the Wilmington Railroad bridge, four miles and a half; at 9 a. in., and moved through Goldsborough (three miles) at 12 in.; then moved out two miles on the New Berne roadq where went into position on right of road and of Seventeenth Corps facing eastward, the First and Third Brigades in front line intrenched, the Second Briga4e in rear. Distance marched, nine miles and a half. March 25, remained in camp. Quite a number of officers and about 350 men (reernits and convalescents), who came to Goldsborough with the Twenty-third Corps, rejoined the command to-day. March 26 to 31, quite a number of officers and men have constantly been rejoining the command. The time has been spent in completing a line of works in front of the division, cleaning up the camps, and drawing snpplies of clothing, & c. - Forage parties have been sent out from time to time to procure forage for animals while we remain at this point. The casualties while foraging have been 20 men captured enemycap tured, 4. Reeapitulation.Number of miles marched, 77. Casualties: Killed, connuissioned officer, 1; enlisted men, 5. Wounded, commissioned officers, 5; enlisted men, 23. Missing, enlisted men, 20. Aggregate, 54. Enemy captured, commissioned officers, 2; enlisted men, 16; aggre- gate, 18. I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. EARNEST, Capt., 30th Ohio Vols., Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., 2d Div., 15th A. C. Lient. Col. S. D. NICHOLS, Acting Assistant Inspector- General, Fifteenth Army Corps. HDQRS. SECOND DIVISION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, - OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, Raleigh, N. C., April 16, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this command from the 1st to the 15th instant, inclusive: April 1, the command was in camp two miles northeast of Golds- borough, on the Snow Hill road. in compliance with orders all for- aging was suspended, and all surplus vehicles and animals were turned over to the quartermasters department. The day was spent in work- ing on the defenses of the position and completing camps. April 2, the commanding general reviewed the division at 3.30 p. m. and inspected the camps. April 3, commenced company and battalion drills. April 4, sl)ent in drilling. April 5, spent in drilling. Received two deserters from the enemy. April 6, spent in drilling. April 7, spent in drilling. The commanding general exercised the division in evolutions of the line at 3 p. m. April 8, division drill at 3.30 p. in. April 9, the command- ing general inspected the transportation of the division. The trains were loaded for marchiiuig. April 10, marched at 7 a. m. on Sno Page 285 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. - 285 Hill road five miles; then across to Pikeville on the Weldon Railroad eight miles; then on Whitleys Mill road fonr miles and a half, camp- ing on Pikes plantation at dark, having marched seventeen miles and a half. April 11, marched at 8.30 a. m. on Whitleys Mill road six miles; then to Lowell Factory on Little River seven miles, where crossed and marched out one mile to Tilghmans place, where camped at dark, having marched fourteen miles on very bad roads, whicl~required much corduroying to be made passable. Received seven deserters from the rebel army. April 12, marched at 9 a. in. on direct road to Pine- yule, finding the roads comparatively good. Crossed the Saint Charles road eight miles at 3 p. in., reaching Pineviile at Gp. in., where camped, having marched fourteen miles. Received two rebel deserters. April 13, marched at 11 a. in. oii Louisburg road to the intersection of the Earps- borough aimd Raleigh road, nine miles, and from thence on Raleigh road, passing Eagle Rock, and camping at dark on Clay Hill planta- tioi~,one mile from ilintons Bridge, across Neuse River, having marched sixteen miles. Received three rebel deserters. Loss, eleven men cap- tured. April 14, marched at 6 a. in., crossing ilintons Bridge and massing the division in rear of the First Division until 11.30 a. in., when moved on to and through Raleigh, being reviewed by General Shermati while passing the capitol. Marched four miles northwest of the city to Crab Tree Creek, where camped at 3.30 p. in., having niarched eleven miles. Roads good. Loss, one man captured. April 15, remained in same position, orders for marching having been couii- termanded. Received one deserter from the enemy. Loss, two men captnred. Recapitulation.Casnalties, 14; number of miles marched, 72A; num- ber of deserters received, 15. While at Goldsborongh the command was thoroughly equipped and supplied with everything necessary to prepare them perfectly for any movement that might be deemed necessary. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. EARNEST, Capt., 3~Jth Ohio Vols., Aetg. Asst. Insp. Gen., 24 Div., 15th A. C. Lient. Col. S. D. NICHOLS, Acting Assistant Inspector- General, Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. SECOND DIvIsIoN, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, Nense River, N. C., April 30, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this command from the 15th instant: April 15, reniained in camp on Crab Tree Creek. Orders for march were countermanded. Received one deserter fromn enemy. April 16 and 17, remained in same position. April 18, moved back to city and camped one mile east on Mordecais plantation, having marched three nilles amid a half. April 19 to 22, were devoted to drills, cleaning camp, parades, reviews, & c. April 23, the Second and Third Brigades were reviewed by the division commander. April 24, the First Brigade was reviewed by the division commander. Saber drill at division headquar- ters by General ilazen. April 25, division was reviewed by General Grant. April 26 and 27, spent in drilling and making preparations for marching. April 28, in compliance with General Orders, No. 28, dated headquarters Fifteenth Army Corps, Raleigh, N. C., April 26, 1865, the Fifty-sixth Illinois Infantry, Tenth Iowa Infantry, Eightieth Ohi Page 286 286 OPERATIONS EN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Infantry, Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, and First Battalion Twenty-sixth Missouri Infantry were assigned to this command for duty. April 29, marched at 9 a in., reaching the Neuse River at Rogers Bridge at 4 p. in., and camped two miles beyond at 5 n. in., having marched eleven miles. April 30, remained in same 1)osition and made periodical muster. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. EARNEST. Capt., 30th Ohio Trols., Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., 2d Div., 15th A. C. Lieut. Col. S. D. NICHOLS, Acting Assistant Inspector- General, Fifteenth Army Corps. No. 22. Report of Col. Theodore Jones, Thirtieth Ohio Ir~fantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations January 16March 24. IIDQRs. FIRST BRIG., SEC OND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, Near Goldsborough, N. C., March , 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this brigade in the late campaign from Savannah, Ga., to Goldsborough, IN. C.: January 16, the brigade moved at 8 a. m. to Fort Thunderbolts, dis- tance seven miles where it remained until the 19th instant. January 19, at 3 p. m. the brigade embarked on boats for Beaufort, S. C., where it arrived at 10 p. m. and went into camp about three miles west of Buford, where it remained until January 27, repairing the roads for seven miles west of Beaufort. January 27, moved at 9 a. in., marching six miles and going into camp at Grays Hill, remaining until January 30. January 30, broke camp at 9 a in., crossing the pontoon bridge at Port Royal Ferry at 10.30 a. in., passing Gardens Corners and camping at Pocotaligo Station, on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad~ dis- tance marched, fifteen miles. January 31, remaine(l in sa~zue position. February 1, moved at 7 a. in., passing through MePhersonville and camping near Hickory Hill; distance, four teen miles. February 2, left camp at 6 a. in., the brigade having the advance moving on the right side of the road; met the enemys cavalry about 2 oclock. The Sixth Missouri and Thirtieth Ohio skirmished with them until dark, driving them across Duck Creek, where the brigade went into camp, having made fifteen miles. Casualties to-day, 4 enlisted men wounded and 1 mans leg broken by a fallirio tree. February 3, remained in same position. February 4, moved at 12 in. on the Orangeburg road and going into camp at Angleys Post-Office, having marched seven miles. February 5, the brigade moved at daybreak, crossing the Big Salke- hatchie at Big Bufords bridge and going into camp on Baruwell road, about one mile and a half from the bridge; distance, about eight miles. February 6, moved at 10 a. in. on the Orangeburg road, going into camp on the north side of the Little Salkehatchie Swamp; distance, about nine miles. February 7, moved at 6.30 a. in., striking the South Carolina Railroad at Bamnberg at 11 a. in., going into camp one mile north of the station; distance, seven miles. February 8, remained in same position, assisting in the destruction of the South Carolina Rail- road. February 9, moved at daylight on the Qld Charleston and Augusta road, a distance of nine miles, and went into camp early in the evening. The Fifty-fifth Illinois and Fifty-seventh Ohio Yolunteer Page 287 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 287 skirmished with the enemy a greater par1~ of the afternoon at ilolmans Bridge on South Edisto River. Loss, 1 enlisted man killed and 1 wounded in Fifty-seventh Ohio Volunteers. February 10, the enemy having evacuated dnring the night, the pontoons were laid. The brigade crossed the river and went into camp; distance marched, two miles. February 11, the brigade nioved at 7 a. m. on Orangeburg road aiid went into camp at Poplar Springs, a distance of thirteen niiles. February 12, moved at 7 a. m. and found the enemy in position on North Edisto River, at Clovers Bridge. The brigade crossed the river about one mile and a half below ~he bridge and then waded a large swamp in order to flank the enemy out of his position, but arrived too late to be of any service, the Second Rrigade having come in on the opposite flank of the enemy aiid routed him; distance marched, seven miles. February 13, the brigade moved at 9 a. in. on Columbia and Orange- burg roads, marching fifteen miles and going into camp. February 14, moved at 7 a. in., passing Sandy Run Post-Office, and camped near Sandy Run Creek; distance, fourteen miles. February 15, broke camp at 7 a. in., crossed Congaree Creek and went into position four miles from Columbia, the brigade occupying the center of the division, and threw up temporary works; distance marched, seven miles. During the night the brigade was subjected to the fire of three or four guns that the enemy had planted on the opposite side of the Congaree River, from which two men were wounded. February 16, the enemy having evacuated his position during the night the brigade was moved un to a position opposite the city of Columbia, and from thence to a bridge over the Sainda River near the factory. The Thirtieth Ohio and Fifty- fifth Illinois were crossed in pontoon-boats, and drove the enemy over the crest of the first ridge, where they remained, covering the working party until the bridge was completed. The rest of the brigade then crossed over the bridge. The command forward~ was then given to time skirmishers, who advanced, driving the enemy with great rapidity across Broad River, the enemy burning the bridge. The brigade then went into camp; distance marched, eight miles. February 17, the bri- gade moved at 2 p. in., crossed Broad River, marching through Colum- bia., and emicamped on Columbia Branch of South Carolina Railroad; distance marched, four miles. February 18 and 19, were engaged in destroying Columbia Branch of South Carolina Railroad. February 20, moved at 8 a. in on the Camden road; took Winusborough road, near Travelers Rest, and encamped at Muddy Springs; distance ummarched, twenty miles. The One hundred and twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry rel)orted for duty to-day. February 21, moved at 7 a. in. and camped near Poplar Springs Post-Office; distance, twenty miles. February 22, moved at 7 a. in.; crossed the XVateree River oim pontoon bridge at Peays Ferry and encamped on Singletons Creek; distance, nine miles. February 23, moved at 1 p. in., passing through Liberty Hill, and encamped near Red Hill Post-Office; distance, ten miles. February 24, moved at S a. in., passing through Kirkwood, amid encamping at Marengo Mills, on Big Pine Tree Creek; distamice, seventeen miles. February 25, broke camp at S a. in. and encamped at Tillers Bridge, on Lynchs Creek; distance, fourteen miles. February 26, moved at 2 p. m. to Kellys Bridge; distance, four miles. February 27 and 28, remained in same camp, awaiting the erection of bridge over Lynchs Creek. March 1, moved at 4 p. in., crossing the creek, and marched one mile and went into camp. March 2, moved at 2 p. nm, encamping on Black Creek; distance, nine ummiles. March 3, moved at 6 a. mu., crossing Black ~Dreek, an4 eliCamping on d aniper Creek; distance, fourteen miles Page 288 288 OPERATIONS IN N. C,, S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. March 4 moved at 9 a. in., crossing Thompsons Creek to Cheraw~ dis- tance, nine miles. March 5, moved at 3 P. in.; marched two miles and encaniped on the llarrington plantation. March 6, remained in same position. March 7, moved at 12 in., in the direction of Fayetteville, IN. C., and encamped on Crooked Creek, marching ten miles. March 8, moved at 7 a. m. and encamped near Laurel Hill; distance, twelve miles. March 9, moved at 7 a. in., crossing Lumber River at Gilchrists Bridge, and encamped at itaft Swamp; distance, fourteen miles. March 10, moved at 1 p. in. and repaired the road for five miles. March 11, moved at 7 a. in. and was engaged nearly all day repairing the road, crossing Rockfish Creek, and encamped near TAttle Rock- fish Creek; distance, thirteen miles. March 12, moved at 7 a. m. and encamped near Fayetteville, marching eight miles. March 13, remained in same camp. March 14, moved at 4 p. in.; crossed Cape Fear River; distance, three miles. March 15, moved at 11 a. m. in the direction of Beamans Cross-Roads and encamped near South River; distance, nine miles. March 16, moved at 7.39 a. nil.; after crossing South River turned to the left and moved north, a distance of eight miles. March 17, moved at 9 a. nit and encamped at the Clinton and Raleigh Cross. Roads, marching five miles. March 18, moved at 6 a. in. and encamped on the Clinton road, near Lees Store; distance, twelve miles. March 19, moved at 12 m. in the direction of Everettsville, but owing to bad roads seven miles was only made by midnight. The brigade, with division, then retraced its steps and moved to the support of the Left Wing, arriving there at 8 a. in. March 20; distance marched since breaking camp, nineteen miles. At 1 p. in. March 20 the Sixth Mis- souri and Thirtieth Ohio were ordered out to reconnoiter on the right of the Fourteenth Corps, in order to develop the enemys position. In doing so they met the enemys pickets, driving them into their works, with a loss of sixteen men, including four officers. About this time the rest of the brigade was ordered up to their sul)l)ort, in which position we remained until noon of the 21st, when we moved to the right, con- necting with the First Division of the Fifteenth Corps, where we erected log-works. Heavy skirmishing took place during the afternoon, in which detachments from all the regiments were engaged, with a loss of 1 officer and 5 men wounded. March 22, early this morning it was found that the enemy had evacuated during the night. The picket- line was pushed forward as far as Bentonville, and then returned to camp. About 12 in. the brigade moved toward Everettsville, repairing the roads as it went, and encamped near Granthams Cross-Roads; dis- tance, nine miles. March 23, moved at 6.30 a. in. and encamped near Falling Creek; distance, five miles. March 24, broke camp at 7 a. in. and moved to Goldsborongh, crossing the Neuse River near the Wil- mnington and Weldon Railroad bridge, going into camp two miles east of Goldsborough on the Snow Hill road, where we erected works amid now remain. Too much cannot be said in praise of the officers and soldiers of the entire command throughout the campaign, as all worked cheerfully and displayed gallantry known only to brave and efficient soldiers. Special mention will be made of none here, as a list has already been forwarded. I am, sir, very respectfully, THEG. JONES, Go lonel, Commanding. Capt. C-. LOFLAND, Assistant Adjutant- General, & eon d Div., Fifteenth Army Corps Page 289 ~flAP. MX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 289 A D D B N D A. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, February 15, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to transmit a special report of events of the First Brigade, Second Division F report to present date, , ifteenth Army Corps, since my last 15, in camp February 15, 1865: Jaiiuary at Savannah, Ga. January 16, First Brigade left camp at Savannah, Ga., at 8 a. m. Ordered to proceed to Fort Thunderbolt. Reached the fort and went in camp, marching seven miles. January 17 and iS, in camp at Fort Thunderbolt. January 19, at 3 p. m. the First Brigade embarked on boats for Beaufort, S. C. Reached Beaufort, distance forty-five miles, a1 7p. m. Disembarked the troops at 9 p. m. Marched to camp, three miles west of Beaufort. The One hundred and sixteenth Illinois left at Thunderbolt to assist in loading transportation. January 20 to 27, in camp. The time was occupied in laying out camp, policing the same. The usual drills of the brigade were kept up, including a review of the brigade. Making and repairing roads, which occupied three days. January 27 the bri- gade left camp at 9 a. m. Roads good. Went into camp, marching seven miles, which was reached at 12 m. in good order. January 28, the brigade laid out camp, cutting brush, laying out streets. January 29, preparing for a campaign. January 30, the brigade left camp at 9 a. m. on Port Royal road. Crossed Port Royal bridge at 10.30 a. m. Roads fair. Reached Gardens Corners at 11.30 a. m. Remained at this place three hours for division train to come up. Escorted the train in camp. Resumed the march at 2.30 p. in., in charge of train. Roads bad. Reached Pocotaligo Station at 5 p. m. and went into camp iu good order, marching fifteen miles. January 31, in camp at Pocotaligo Station. February 1, broke camp at 6 a. m. Progress slow, owing to cutting roads through the woods by the side of road. Halted at McPherson- ville one hour. Roads heavy. Camped in the field, marching fourteen miles. February 2, broke camp at 6 a. in., marching right side of the road, crossing low plains frequently. Water deep in the road. Prog. ress very slow, owing to cutting roads through the woods. Found the enemy at 2 p. m. Thirtieth Ohio and Sixth Missouri skirmished with the enemy this afternoon. Went into camp at Duck Creek at 5 p. in., marching fifteen miles. While skirmishing with the enemy the First Brigade lost five enlisted men: Sergt. B. Stark, Sixth Missouri, Company G, wounded slightly in the leg; Private Jacob Stubbs, Company A, Sixth Missouri, severely in the face; Private John Buckries, Company C, Sixth Missouri, leg brokeii by a tree falling; Corpl. William Hill, Company F, Thirtieth Ohio, wounded severely in the arm; Private David Cooper, Company B, Thirtieth Ohio, slightly in the arm. Feb- ruary 3, the brigade in camp. The enemy still in front on west side of Duck Creek. February 4, the brigade broke camp at 12 in. Enemy disappeared from the front. Marched on Orangeburg road, right side of train. Roads bad. Passed Palmers Mills at 5 p. m. Went into camp at Angleys Post-Office at 6 p.. in., marching seven miles. Feb- ruary 5, the brigade marched at daylight, one regim~ and tool wagon ahead to repair roads on line of march. Roaas bad; moved slowly; halted at 9.30 a. in.; resumed the march at 11.30 a. in.; passed Salkehatchie River, or Swamp, and Combahee River at 12.30 p. in. 19 B BVOL XLVII~ PT Page 290 290 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. rOBAP. LIX. Passed through the town of Bufords Bridge at 1 p. m. Went into camp one mile and a half west of town on the Barnwell road, march- ing nine miles. February 6, broke camp at 12 m. One regiment and tool wagon ahead to repair roads. Marched on the Orangeburg road. Passed Little Salkehatchie River at 5 p. m. Went into camp on west side of the river at 6 p. in., marching nine miles. February 7, the brigade broke camp at 6.30 a. in., marching on Barnwell road two miles. Reached Bamberg Station at 11 a. m. Road bad. Went into camp one mile from station at 1 p. m. February 8, the First Brigade broke camp at 6 a. in., with orders to report on railroad adjoining Twentieth Corps, burn ties, and heat and twist rails, inarchin gfive miles. Went to work. Did it effectually in two hours after commenc- ing. Returned to camp at 1.30 p. m. in good order, marching in all ten miles. February 9, the brigade broke camp at 5.30 a. in. Roads good. Went in camp one mile east of the Edisto River, marching nine miles. Found enemy on opposite side. Skirmishing by the First Brigade. First Brigade ordered to make a crossing aboveone mile and a half. Was successful in reaching the river and making raft to cross. Four companies of Fifty-fifth Illinois attempted to cross the swamp and succeeded. The brigade lost two men on skirmish line: Private James Ardinger, Coin pany I, Fifty-seventh Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry, killed; Private Samuel Gordon, Company I, Fifty- seventh Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry, wounde.d slightly. February 10, the enemy disappeared in the night. Troops were immediately put across in boats and passed through the swamp. Road deep with water. Not finding the enemy, made a lodginent on the Columbia and Charleston road. The brigade commenced passing on the pontoon bridge at 12 in. The crossing was made in good order, both men and teams going into camp on good ground, marching two miles, occupying and throwing up works on both roads. February 11, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in., marching on the Orangeburg road. Roads good. Went into camp at 3 p. in., marching in good order, marching twelve miles. February 12, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in. on road to North Edisto River. Reached the river at 8.30 a. in. Massed the troops on east side at 10 a. in. Ordered ~to make a cross- ing aboveone mile and a half. Reached the point to cross at 10.30 a. in. Crossed the river at once. Crossed the river and swamp, troops wading in deep water about 500 yards wide. On reaching the oppo- site side reformed troops and marched two miles on Orangeburg road. Went into camp and made works at 4.30 p. in., marching in all seven miles. February 13, the brigade broke camp at 9 a. m. on road toward Orangeburg. Marched two miles, halted, turned to the left on Colum- bia road at Lawrences plantation. Troops marched on right side of the road in good order. Went in camp in the field at 5 p. in., march- ing seven miles. February 14, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in. to march on the Colninbia road on right side of the road. Passed Sandy Run Post-Office at 3p. in. Went into camp four miles west of post-office in the field, marching fourteen miles. February 15, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in. on the Columbia roadleft side of the road. Roads heavy. The enemy in front. Halted near the Congaree River. Roads bad; progrcss slow. Went into camp on a plantation. The enemy kept up firing all night. Made works in front of the brigade. Made camp at 5 p. in., marching seven miles. This report will be found as correct as circumstances would permit, owing to the imperfect way of getting information as regards distances and places. The system of repairing bad roads by sending repairer Page 291 Cii~. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 291 ahead in advance of the brigade is a decided improvement upon the former plan of brigade pioneers marching along, with the troops await- ing until the roads are improved. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLiAM S. BUNK, Captain, 127th Illinois Vol. I~fty., Actg. A8st. Insp. Gen., First Brigade, Second Division, F~ftecnth Army Corps. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insy. (lea., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. FIRsT BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, Lynchs Creek, S. C., February 28, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following record of events or letter of advice of the First Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, semi-monthly, ending February 28, 1865: February 16. This date finds the First Brigade at Congaree River. First Brigade broke camp at 7 a. in., skirmish line in advance, finding no enemy. Reached the bridge. The balance of the brigade moved at9a. in., which also reached the river, with orders to proceed to Saluda River bridge and make a crossing under cover of a strong skirmish line. A crossing was made of two regiments and drove the enemy away from their position. The pontoon being laid the balance of the brigade followed. A spirited attack was made by the enemys cavalry on our advance and the enemy was handsomely repulsed. Encamped for the night one mile and a half from crossing at 5 p. in., marching in all eight miles. February 17, the brigade broke camp at 2 p. m. Crossed Broad River. Marched through Columbia, S.C. Encamped for the night on the Columbia and Charleston Railroad, marching three miles. February 18, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. m. to tear up and destroy railroad track on Columbia and Charleston Railroad, between two and three miles, which occupied the whole day, by burning all the ties and heating and twisting all of the ails. The brigade returned to camp for the night, marching in and out three miles, February 19, the brigade ordered to march to the Six-Mile Post and destroy the seventh mile. Upon arriving on the ground found the Sec- ond Brigade engaged destroying the same. The First Brigade assist- ing, completed the work and returned to old camp for the night, march- ing in and out twelve miles. February 20, the brigade broke camp at 8 a. in. and marched on Winusborough road, then on Camden road. At 11 a. in. the One hundred and twenty-seventh Illinois reported to the brigade; reported to Col. Theodore Jones for duty. Roads this day were hilly. Passed Muddy Springs at 5 p. in. Encamped for the night in the field at 6 p. in., marching twenty miles. February 21, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in. Marched on Cam- den road, stopping frequently owing to bad places in the road for teams; roads bad. Marching five miles, turned on Winnsborough and Poplar Springs road. Encamped for the night in the field at 8 p. in., marching twenty miles. Roads this day hilly. February 22, First Brigade broke camp at 7 a. in. on Poplar Springs road. Reached the Wateree River at Peays Ferry at 10 a. mu. Roads heavy and hilly. The brigade commenced crossing the river at 4 p. mu. All animals that were foraged were taken up at the crossing and regulated by the pro- voK-marshal, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. Encamped fo Page 292 292 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CuAP. LIX. the night after crossing in good order at Singletons Creek, marching in all nine miles. Forage plenty for men and animals. February 23, the brigade broke camp at 1 p. m. At 2 p. m. turned to the right at Liberty Hill, on Camden road. Passed over Bear Creek at 3 p. m. 1~oads heavy and hilly. Encamped for the night at Red Hill Post- Office, marching ten miles. Forage plenty. Captured some horses and mules. February 24, the First Brigade broke camp at 8 p. m. Weather mining amid dull; roads heavy, this day marching very slowly, owing to slow progress of the teams. When turning from Camden road two regiments left to protect the rear from toward Camden. Crossed Little Pine Tree Creek at 7 p. in. Encamped for the night at Marengo Mills at 9 p. in., marching seventeen miles. February 25, the brigade broke camp at 8 a. in. Encamped for the night on Kings plantation, near Big Pine Tree Creek, on Tillers Ferry [road J, two regiments taking the road from Methodist Church f~r Kellys Ferry. This day marched fourteen miles. No crossing made owing to recent heavy rains. An attack was made on our foragers at dusk, but no losses. February 26, the brigade broke camp at 2 p. in. for Kellys Ferry to make a crossing. The water at the ferry was found to be very high and still rising. The brigade went in camp west side of the swamp at 4 p. in., marching four miles. February 27, the brigade in camp. Water high. No attempt made to cross the troops or trains of this brigade. February 28, the brigade in camp. This report is brief of its march of the brigade since last report of January 15, 1865. MarchiQg being done in good order, considering the situation of the roads on the line of march, which being mostly by the side of main road in the woods, through brush and fallen timber. Order existing in reference to one wagon to each regiment has been generally complied with, and kept reasonably filled with forage for animals and provisions for men. On the line of march forage of all kinds has been plenty. Regular detailed foragers have been sent out every day when practicable for this purpose. Many animals have been captured and turned over for packing purposes, as well as the best for teams and mounting foragers. The wants of the command are reason- ably supplied except clothing, which is getting much worn. The brigade has not experienced any losses nor gained by prisoners. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. S. BUNN, Capt. and Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., 1st Brig., 2d Div., 15th A. C. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insy. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, March 15, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to transmit for your consideration the following record of events of the First Brigade, Second Division, Fif- teenth Army Corps, semi-monthly, from March 1,1865, to present date: March 1, the brigade broke camp at and crossed Lynchs Creek at 4 p. in., leaving the One hundred and twenty-seventh Illinois in the rear to guard train. The brigade encamped for the night on the east side of the creek at 7 p. in., marching one mile. March 2, the First Brigade broke camp at 2 p. in. in charge of the trains as a guard unti Page 293 CILA1~. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 293 reaching some mills, then relieved by the Third Brigade. Reached camp on Black Creek for the night at 7 p. in., marching nine miles. Passed Gum Branch at 6 p. in. Roads heavy. March 3, the brigade broke camp at 6 a. in. Crossed Black Creek at 7 a. in. and halted on the opposite side. Resumed the march. Passed Beaver Dam at 12 m. Water very scarce. Crossed Juniper Creek at 5.30 p. in. Roads nndu- lating. Encamped for the night at Juniper Creek at 6 p. in., marching fourteen miles. Water and forage scarce; roads good. March 4, the brigade broke camp at 6 a. in. Line of march on Cheraw road. Halted at Thompsons Creek at 10 a. in. Resumed march agaiu at 3p. in., crossing Wilsons Creek. Passed through Cheraw at 7p. in. Encamped for the night west of Cheraw at 7.30 p. in., marching nine miles, with roads good and undulating until near the town; then not good. March 5, the brighde broke camp at 3p. in. to cross Great Pedee River. Crossed the river at Ip. in. Roads oii the opposite side very bad. Marched two miles and encamped for the night at 8 p. in. on llarringtons planta- tion. March 6, the First Brigade in camp all of this day. March 7, the brigade broke camp at 12 in., marching on Fayetteville road. Crossed the Rockingham and Chesterfield road at 3 p. rn. and encamped for the night near Crooked Creek at 5 p. in., marching ten miles. March 8, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in. Crossed Wilniingtoii and Charlotte Railroad at 12 in. Road very heavy. Passed throngh Laurel Hill at 4 p. in. Encamped for the night one mile west of the town at 6 p. in., marching twelve miles. Roads heavy and swampy. March 9, the First Brigade broke camp at 7 a. in. Two regiments left to the rear to bring up pontoon train. Marching ou road to Lumber River passed Spring Hill Church at 10 a. in. Reached Lumber River at 12 in. M~sed the troops at 12. Resumed the march again at 1 p. in. Roads bad and swampy. Encamped for the night at Raft Creek at 8 p. in., marching fourteen miles. March 10, the brigade broke camp at 1 p. in. Encamped for the night in the field at 5 p. in., marching five miles. March 11, the First Brigade broke camp at 7a.m. The whole brigade as pioneers to work on roads. The most of the day was occupied in making corduroy road to the creek, which was crossed by the brigade at 4 p. in. Encamped for the night in the field, marching thirteen miles. This day the brigade lost one man, a forager, in a skirmish at Fayetteville, Francis P. Jmhoff, private, Company B, One hundred and twenty-seventh Illinois, killed in a skirmish. March 12, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in. Encamped for the night one mile and a half south of Fayetteville. Roads good, marching eight miles. March 13, in camp. March 14, the brigade broke camp at 8 a. in. Troops com- menced crossing Cape Fear River at 4 p, in. Encamped for the night half a mile north of the river at 7 p. in., marching in all two miles aild a half. March 15, in camp. On the march forage has been furnished sufficient for both men and animals. The roads have been most of the route bad. By good man- agement and perseverance have been made good by the troops and pioneers, so that good progress has been made throughout the march. Clothing is getting to be much wanted in the command. Transp orta- tion is well regulated and conducted on tuis present campaign. Under all circainstances and privations of the troops in this command the men are in fine spirits to complete the balance of the campaign. The regu- lation of animals for foraging and pack animals for regiments is at this point made quite complete, according to existing orders. The report of this present month is as covnplete as could well be, after making such observations, which could only be made while upon th Page 294 294 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. 0., 5. GA., AND B. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. march arid encroachments on the time whilst in camp, invariably giv- ing the command the benefit of all parts that could not be made thorongh by any of strict camp inspections. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. S. BUNN, Captain, 127th Illinois Vol. Infty., Actg. Asst. lnsp. Gen., First Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insjp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. FIRST Bum~., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, Goidsborough, N. C., March 31, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the following record of events, semi-monthly, of First Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, March 15, 1865, to present date: March 16, the First Brigade broke camp at 7.30 a. m. Weather good; roads bad, but level. Halted near South River at 9 a. m. Crossed the river at 11 a. m. Progress very slow, marching on the right.hand side of the road. Encamped for the night in the field at 7 p. in., marching eight miles; raining hard all the afternoon. March 17, the brigade broke camp at 9 a. in. One regiment and tool wagon [ahead] to repair roads, which were very bad. Marching on right-hand side of the road; progress slow, halting often owing to bad condition of the roads. Encamped for the night near Goldsborough, Clinton, and Raleigh Cross-Roads at 3p.m., marching five miles. Forage pl~ity for men and animals. Nature of the country undulating. March 18, the brigade broke camp at 6 a. in. One regiment and one tool wagon ahead to repair the road. Troops marching on the left-hand side of the road. Encamped for the night in the field at 1 p. in., marching twelve miles. Forage plenty; country level. One man wounded by a pistol-shot while foraging, George Bennington, corporal, Company I, Fifty-seventh Ohio, slightly. March 19, the brigade broke camp at 12 in., troops marching on right-hand side of the road on Goldsborough road; progress very slow, owing to the bad condition of the roads. Marched nine miles and halted for supper. Orders to march to cross- roads of Goldsborongh, Clinton, and Raleigh; resumed the march at 8 p. in.; reached the cross-roads; thence toward Goldsborongh, march- ing all night; marched in all nineteen miles. Encamped at 7 a. in. of the 20th. Roads good; forage plenty. The enemy in our front. March 20, the brigade moved to the right and massed. Orders at 1 p. in. to move forward two regiments as skirmishers (Sixth Missouri and Thirtieth Ohio) on the line. Very swampy in front. A steady advance of two miles brought the line in front of the enemys works. Under a heavy fire dug pits. The balance of the brigade moved for- ward at 3 p. in. Several casualties this afternoon. The whole brigade skirmished until evening. List of casualties March 20, 1865.* March 21, the situation of the brigade the same as the 20ththc enemy in front. Found the main line; strengthened the works. At 3 p. m. engaged them with the whole brigade. Four casualties this day. March 22, this morning found the enemy away from our front. Thir- tieth Ohio sent toward Bentonville as skirmishers;, reached Bentonville and ordered to return. One regiment ~nd tool wagon ahead to repair Nominal list (omitted) shows 3 men killed. 2 officers and 11 imm wounded Page 295 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 295 roads. At 9 a. m. the brigade took up the line of march. Encamped for the night on Hills plantation, marching nine miles. March 23, the bri- gade broke camp at 6.30 a. m. One regiment and tool wagon ahead to repair roads on Everettsville and Goldsborough road. Crossed Falling Creek at 8 a. m. Roads good. Encamped in the field at 9.30 a. in., marching five miles. Remained in camp the balance of the day. March 24, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in. Marched on Goldsborough road. Roads good. Crossed Neuse River at 10 a. m. Went into permanent camp east of Goldsborough at 12 in., marching nine miles. March 25 to 31, the brigade regulating camp; foraging for animals, and preparing for a rest. The wants of the command have been relieved by some clothing. Forage has been drawn in to last thirty days. Animals have all been turned over, except what are properly accounted for and allowed. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. S. BUNN, Capt. and Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., 1st Brig., 2d Div., 15th A. C. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Acty. Asst. Insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND DIV., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, Near Raleigh, IV. C., April 15, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit a report of the movements of the First Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from the 1st instant to the present date: April 1 to 9 inclusive, strict regulations of camp are enforced accord- ing to existing orders from superior headquarters. Drills are exercised in daily, such as company, battalion, brigade, and division, with the usual success. Camps are well regulated and policed. Location of hospitals as well as the nature of the ground would permit. Works have been thrown np in front of.the line and protected. Transportation has improved on the last campaign. Forage well supplied from the sur- rounding conntry, attending with but few losses in captures by the enemy. Pickets are well established; works thrown up and well posted with men. April 10, the brigade broke camp and took up the line of march toward Raleigh, N. C., marching on Snow Hill road, marching two miles and a halt~ Verged to the left, marching on right hand side of the road. Roads fine; halted at cross-roads two hours and a half for First Division train to close up. Roads very bad in the afternoon. Passed Pikeville at 5.30 p. m. Encamped for the night in the field at 8.30 p. in., marching seventeen miles. April 11, the brigade broke camp at 6 a. in.; marched at 8 a. in. One regiment and tool wagon ahead to repair roads; level and swampy; making good prog- ress. Encamped for the night at Lowell at 7 p. in., marching thirteen miles. April 12, the brigade broke camp at 8 a. in., marching on Smith- field road. At 11 a. in. took the left-hand road for Raleigh; roads fair and level; halting frequently to repair roads. Encamped for the night at Pineville, N. C., marching twelve miles. April 13 the brigade broke camp and marched at 10 a. in. on Raleigh road. One regiment and tool wagon ahead to repair roads. Roads good. Passed junction of Raleigh and Tarborouigh roads at 3.15 p. m. Encamped for the night at 6.30 p. in., marching sixteen miles. April 14, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in., marching on road to Raleigh. Roads good; some hilly Page 296 296 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. (IX, S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Reached and passed through Raleigh in review at 2 p. m. Marched three miles and a half west of Raleigh. Encamped for the balance of the day, marching ten- miles. April 15, Frederick K. Smith, corporal, Company F, and Frank Winom, private, Company A, One hnndred and twenty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, captured by the enemy while foraging. The brigade in camp three miles and a half west of Raleigh. The wants of the command are well anticipated. The health of the troops good. Orders regulating the march are well enforced;~ in f~ct, all that pertains to the welfare of the troops. This will comprise as mnch as can be ascertained under the few facilities of inserting anything like a letter of advice after a thorough inspection. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. S. BUNK, Captain, 127th Illinois Vol. Infty., Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., First Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Aetg. Asst. Insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND DIV., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, Rogers Cross-Roads, April 30, 1365. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit report of the movements of First Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from the 15th instant to present date: April 15, the brigade in camp three miles and a half northeast of Raleigh. April 17, the brigade changed location of camp to one mile east of Raleigh. The line being established, the usual routine of lay- ing out camp, regulating streets and quarters, and policing the same, the time of both officers and men was occupied until completed. Since then the troops have been acquiring an efficiency in the usual drills. Guard mounts, parades, the orders of camp and its duties were strictly enforced, guards well posted, and the dutiesstrictly adhered to. April 29, the brigade broke camp at 9 a. in.; took up line of march at 10 a. m. in the direction of Louisburg, K. C.; crossed Crabtree Creek at 11 a. in.; roads hilly and good; crossed Neuse River at 4 p. m. Encamped for the night at Rogers Cross-Roads at 5 p. in., marching eleven miles. April 30, the brigade in camp at Rogers Cross-Roads. Orders to muster for pay. Much interest is felt by many officers of this command in reference to company books and valuable papers, in view of closing accounts with the United States Government in antici- pation of mustering out the service in a short time, their papers in part [being] beyond their control, by orders from superior headquarters. Mention is made of this that it may ultimately result in relieving the officers of that which is of so much importance. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. S. BUNK, tJaptain, 127th illinois Volunteers, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., First Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps Page 297 CHiP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 297 No. 23. Reports of Col. Wells S. Jones, Fifty-third Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations January 14March 24. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, Bamberg, 8. C., February 8, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that in obedience to the order of General Hazen I marched my brigade this afternoon to Cannons Bridge on the Edisto River. I fonnd no enemy on this side of the river, but found him in works on the north bank. At the point where the works~ are, and for a long distance both below and above the bridge, there is a swamp about 600 yards wide on the south side of the river. I threw forward a line of skirmishers through the swamp to the main stream, and found that the bridge had been bnrned; that there was a line of works along the banks of the river several hundred yards in length with an embrasnre in it covering the road. The works seemed to be well manned; the men could be seen and heard all along them. I think that a crossing might be effected here without very much diffi- culty, as the main stream doss not seem to be very large. The distance from this camp to the bridge is about five miles. The road is a very bad one. I believe that one-fourth of it is covered with water. After exchanging some shots with the enemy, having learned all that could be learned about his position and strength without making a positive attack, I withdrew my line and returned to camp. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. S. JONES, Colonel, Commanding. Capt. G. LOFLAND, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, Near Goldsborough, N. C., March 30, 1865. CAPTAIN: In obedience to orders received from headquarters Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, I have the honor to make the follow- ing report of the operations of this brigade in the late campaign from Savannah, Ga., to Goldsborough, N. C.: On the 14th of January the brigade marched with the division from Savannah to Thunderbolt, a point on the Savannah River, where it embarked on the evening of the 15th and the morning of the 16th for Beaufort, S. C., where it arrived on the night of the 16th. On the morning of the 17th it went into camp near Beaufort, where it remained until the 27th, having assisted to make a corduroy road across Port Royal Island. On the 27th it marched with the division to near Port Royal Ferry, where it remained until January 30, when it marched to Pocotaligo, where it remained in bivouac until February 1, when it again marched with the division toward the Augusta and Charleston Railroad, passing through McPhersonville, Hickory Hill, Angleys, and arrived at Bamberg, a point on the railroad about fifteen miles west of Branchvil]e, on the 7th of February. Went into position and built temporary works about a mile northwest of the town. February 8, in obedience to an order from General Hazen I made a reconnaissance with my brigade to Cannons Bridge, on the South Edisto River. Founi the enemy intrenched on the north side of th Page 298 298 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. river. After a slight skirmish returned to old camp near Bamberg. On fhe 9th marched to Holmans Bridge and bivouacked; 10th, crossed South Edisto River and bivouacked; 11th, marched on Orangeburg road and bivouacked at Poplar Springs; 12th, marched to Shillings Bridge on the North Edisto River, where we found the enemy in consid- erable force intrenched ou the north side of the river to oppose our crossing. After a pretty severe skirmish I succeeded in crossing the river above the bridge on trees, which we felled across the river, though we had to wade for several hundred yards on either side of main stream. This enabled us to flank and take the enemys works in front of the bridge with a large iiumber of prisoners; 13th, marched in the direc- tion of Columbia, and on the evening of the 14th bivouacked near Sandy Run. On 15th, the advance of our corps, the First Division, having become engaged with the enemy at Congaree Creek, we were ordered forward to support them, and when the enemy was driven from his position we crossed the creek and formed line on the right of the division, where we lay all night under the enfilading fire of one of the enemys batteries, which was on the east side of the Congaree River. 16th, the enemy having retired from our front, after deploying one regimentthe Fifty-third Ohioalong the west bank of the river as sharpshooters to silence the rebel battery, the remainder of the brigade marched past Columbia, crossed the Saluda River at the Saluda Factory, and bivouacked near Broad River. 17th, the brigade crossed Broad River and marched into Columbia. 18th and 19th, destroyed three miles of the Colunibia and Charleston Railroad, and on the 20th marched again iii a northerly direction, crossed the Wateree River on the 22d at Peays Ferry, and bivouacked near Spines [Singletons?] Creek. 23d, marched through Liberty Hill in the direction of Camden, and on the 26th we crossed Lynchs Creek, the men having to wade. Remained at Lynchs Creek constructing a bridge to cross our trans- portation until March 1, when we marched by the way of Kellys Cross- Roads and New Market to Cheraw, where we arrived on the evening of the 4th. On the 5th we crossed the Great Pedee River and marched in the direction of Fayetteville, N. C., where we arrived on the 12th, after having crossed Lumber River and the worst swamps we had seen on the campaign. We remained in camp at Fayetteville until the after- noon of the 15th, when we crossed Cape Fear River and bivouacked. 16th, marched in the direction of Goldsborough, after crossing South River and some of the worst swamps in North Carolina. On the night of the 19th, when within twenty miles of Goldsborough, we learned that the Army of the Cumberland had been engaged with Johnstons army, and we were ordered to re-enforce it. After marching all night, at daylight we joined the army of General Slocum, where, there being no general engagement, we remained in reserve until the 21st, when our division having reported to General Logan, the brigade was formed on the left of Col. Theodore Jones brigade, being the extreme left of the Army of the Tennessee, an(l advanced across the Goldsborough road to within about 300 yards of the rebel works, where, under the severe fire from the enemys skirmishers, it erected a temporary work. The brigade remained in this position, its left being several hundred yards in advance of the troops on the left, the Fourteenth Army Corps, skir- mishing with the enemy until about 4 a. in. the 22d, when the skirmish- ers advanced to the rebel line of works and found that they had been evacuated during the night. They immediately advanced to Mill Creek, but finding nothing but a few stragglers of the enemy, whom they captured, returned to our works, where the brigade remained unti Page 299 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OP THE CAROLINAS. 299 12 in., when we marched with the division toward Goldsborongh, where we arrived on the 24th and went into our present camp, having marched since we left Savannah 500 miles. The brigade took about 100 prisoners during the campaign and captured probably 100 stand of small-arms. Our loss in the campaign is 5 enlisted men killed, 17 wounded, and 10 missing. The ten missing men all belonged to the foraging parties of the brigade, and were no doubt captured by the enemys cavalry. I cannot close this report without expressing my admiration for the patience and courage the officers and men of this brigade have shown during the long and arduous campaign which has just closed, often with- out bread, and many of them barefooted and destitute of clothing to make them comfortable; inspired by the zeal of true patriots they have cheerfully performed all their duties. To my staff officers I ant under many obligations for the intelligence and zeal which they have displayed in the discharge of their onerous duties. I cheerfully commend them to the favorable consideration of their superior officers. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. S. JONES, Colonel, Commanding. Capt. GORDON LOFLAND, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. ADDENDA. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND DIV., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR.GENERALS OFFICE, Fort Thunderbolt, January 15, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following record of events of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from the 31st day of December, 1864, to the 15th day of January, 1865: The command broke camp four miles west of Savannah, Ga., Janu- ary 2, 1865, and moved to the city, where it remained until January 14, 1865. The greater part of the time the brigade remained in camp near Savannah they were on fatigue duty on fortifications. Broke camp 7 a. m. Jannary 14, and marched to Fort Thunderbolt, five miles south- west of Savannah, Ga., for the purpose of embarking for Beanfort, S. C., which they did as fast as transportation could be furnished. Fitty- third Ohio, Forty-seventh Ohio, and Thirty-seventh Ohio embarked (luring the afternoon of January 15 1865 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. 0. PEH~CE, Captain and Acting Assistant Inspector- General. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insp. (len., Second Die., Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND DIV., 15TH ARMY CORPS, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, Pocotaligo, S. C., January 31, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following record of events of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from the 15th to the 31st January, 1865: On the morning of the 16th instant the Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteers and Eighty-third Indiana Volunteers embarked on steamer at For Page 300 300 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Thunderbolt, Ga., for Beaufort, S. C., where they arrived 7 p. in. same day. The One hundred and eleventh Illinois Volunteers was left at Fort Thunderbolt to guard division transportation. On the 17th the command went into camp two miles from Beaufort, where they remained until the morning of the 24th, when the Forty-seventh, Fifty-third, and Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteers were ordered out five miles ou the Port Royal Ferry road for the purpose of building corduroy road from a point four miles west of Beaufort to the Seven-Mile Post, which work was finished on the evening of the 27th, when, the One hundred and eleventh Illinois Volunteers having arrived the evening previous, the command went into camp seven miles northwest of Beaufort on the Port Royal Ferry road, where the command remained until the 30th, when they broke camp at 7 a. m. and moved with the division on the road to Pocotaligo, where they encamped for the night, having marched seventeen miles. January 31, remained in camp at Pocotaligo all day. Total number of miles marched since last report, twenty-four. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. 0. PEJRCE, Captain and Acting Assistant Inspector- General. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, February 15, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following record of events of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from Feb- ruary ito 15, 1865: February 1, broke camp at Pocotaligo, S. C., 7 a. in. and moved on the road to MePhersonville. Encamped at Gp. m. five miles from Hick- ory Hill, having marched thirteen miles. February 2, marched 6.30 a. in. for Owens Cross-Roads, where the command encamped; marched eighteen miles. February 3, remained in camp all day at Owens Cross- Roads. February 4, broke camp at 2 p. m. and moved on the Orange- burg road; camped at the crossing of the Orangeburg and Broxton roads 5 p. in., having marched eight miles. February 5, marched 7 a. in. on the Orangeburg road; crossed the Salkehatchie River at Bufords Bridge and encamped 4 p. m. one mile out from bridge; marched seven miles. The bridge across the Salkehatchie River was burned by the enemy. February 6, broke camp 12 m. and marched on the Orange- burg road and encamped 3p. in. six miles from Bamberg, on theAugusta and Charleston Railroad; marched seven miles. February 7, marched at 7 a. in. and struck the Augusta and Charleston Railroad at Bam- berg Station 10 a. in., and encamped near same 12 in.; marched seven miles. February 8, Colonel Jones, commanding brigade, was ordered to move his brigade on the Cannons Bridge road and make a recon- naissance and ascertain if the bridge over the South Edisto River was destroyed and whether the enemy were in force at that point. Brigade moved as ordered at 12 in. for Cannon~s Bridge, five miles from Bamn- berg. Found the bridge burned and the enemy intrenched on the oppo- site side of the river and in strong force. Returned to Thrmer camp, where the command arrived 6 p.m., having marched eight miles. Feb. mary 9, broke camp 7 a. in. and marched on the Augusta road to where it crosses the Holmans Bridge road, and one mile and a half fro Page 301 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 301 where it crosses the South Edisto River, where the command camped for the night at 3 p. in.; marched ten miles. February 10, marched 3 p. m. and crossed the South Edisto River at ilolmans Bridge, which was burned by the enemy, and camped one mile and a half out from the river, having marched three miles. February 11, marched 7 a. m. on the Orangeburg road and camped 3 p. m. at Poplar Springs; marched thirteen miles. February 12, marched 7 a. m. on the Shillings Bridge road; arrived at North Edisto River 9 a. m. Colonel Jones, commanding brigade, was ordered to effect a crossing at this point with his brigade. Fifty-third Ohio and One hundred and eleventh Illinois were deployed as skirmishers, and advanced to the river through a swamp half a mile wide and found the enemy on the north side and intrenched. Timber was felled in the river three-quarters of a mile above thz bridge and the Eighty-third Indiana, One hundred and eleventh Illinois, Thirty-seventh and Fifty- fourth Ohio waded the swamp and effected a crossing at this point, and drove the enemy from their works, capturing fifty-three prisoners and a number of small-arms. The Forty-seventh Ohio was sentup the river two miles and crossed at Michaels Landing, and marched down the river and formed a junction with the brigade soon after it had crossed. Lost 1 man killed, 1 mortally wounded, and 2 slightly. Camped on the Colum- bia and Orangeburg road, four miles from Shillings Bridge, 9 a. in.; marched five miles. February 13, marched 7 a. m. on the Orangeburg road to within two miles of town, when the division turned to the left, taking the Orangeburg and Columbia road via Sandy Run.; camped 5 p. in., having marched thirteen miles. February 14, marched 7 a. m. on the road to Sandy Run, where we struck the Columbia and Charles- ton road. Moved out two miles toward Columbia and camped 5p. in.; marched fifteen miles. February 15, marched 7 a. m. on the Columbia and Charleston road. Moved in the rear of the First Division, Fif- teenth Army Corps, which encountered the enemy early in the morn- ing; made slow progress; moved about five miles and camped six miles from Columbia, on the Columbia and Charleston road. The enemy shelled our camp all night from the north side of the Congaree River. Since the 1st of the month the brigade has marched 120 miles, cap- tured 53 prisoners of war, lost 1 man killed, 1 mortally wounded, and 2 slightly. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. 0. PEIRCE, Captain and Acting Assistant Inspector- General. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, Lynchs Creek, S. C., February 28, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following record of events of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from the 15th to the 28th of February, 1865: February 16, marched 8 a. in. on the Columbia road. The enemy evacuated their position in our front and fell back to Columbia on the north side of the Congaree River, destroying the bridge in front of the city. Second Division being in the advance, they reached the bridge i Page 302 302 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. front of the city 10 a. m. Moved up the river to Saluda Mills and crossed Saluda River 4 p. in., and encamped between Saluda and l3road Rivers at 4 p. in.; marched seven miles. February 17, moved 2 p. in. for Columbia and entered the city 5 p. in., and camped on the east side of the city 6 p. in.; marched four miles. February 18, destroyed the South Carolina Railroad from the Two-Mile Post one mile east, then marched out to the Ei~ht-Mile Post and destroyed one mile more; camped at the Seven-Mile Post; marched nine n~iles. February 19, destroyed one mile more of the railroad and returned to Columbia where the command arrived 2 p. in.; marched seven miles. February 20, marched 8 a. m. on time Camden road; camped 5 p. in.; marched seventeen miles. Traveled over a high sandy ridge road to-day. Feb- ruary 91, marched 7 a. in. on the Camden road, but left the Camden road to our right and took the Peays Ferry road. Camped 8 p. m. on Dutchmans Creek, having marched twenty-one miles. February 22, marched 6.30 a. in. on Peay~s Ferry road; crossed the Wateree River 3 p. in. at Peays Ferry; moved out three miles from the river and camped on Singletons Creek 5 p. in.; marched eight miles. February 23, marched 12 in. to Liberty Hill, where the Second Division turned to the right, taking the Camden road. Crossed Beaver Creek and camped 5 p. in. five miles from Flat Rock Post-Office; marched ten miles. Feb. mary 24, broke camp 9 a. in.; moved in rear of the Fourth Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, on the Camden road; camped five miles north of Camden 10 p. in.; marched twenty miles; rained all day; roads very muddy. February 25, marched 9 a. in. on the Camden and Cheraw road; roads good, being high and sandy; camped at Shady Grove Church 2 p. in.; marched eight iniles~ February 26, marched 7.30 a. in. on the Cheraw and Camden road; crossed Lynchs Creek at Kellys Bridge; water high and the entire bottom overflowed; water so deep the wagons could not cross; camped 3 p. in. near the creek; marched eight miles. February 27, remained in camp all day near Lynchs Creek, the water being so high the transportation could not cross and still rising. February 28, in camp near Lynchs Creek; water falling some; command mustered for pay to-day. Since the 15th the command has marched 119 miles. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. 0. PEIRCE, Captain and Acting Assistant inspector. Ueneral. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND DIV., 15TH ARMY Coups, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, In the Field, ]lliarch 15, 18G5. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following record of events of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from the 1st to the 15th day of March, 1865: March 1, broke camp 3 p. in. at Lynchs Creek and marched on the Cheraw and Camden road; camped 6 p. in. at Kellys Cross-Roads; marched six miles. March 2, marched 3 p. in. on the road to New Market bridge over Black Creek via Kellys Mill; camped near New Market bridge 6 p. in.; marched six miles. March 3, marched 7 a. in. on the Cheraw road; crossed Black Creek at New Market bridge 8 a. in.; brigade moved with pontoon train; camped on Juniper Creek Page 303 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 303 p. in.; marched eighteen miles; road very bad. March 4, marched 7 a. m. on the Cheraw road; crossed Thompsons Creek four miles from town; camped 5 p. m. at Cheraw; marched ten miles. March 5, broke camp at Cheraw 3 p. in.; moved on the Cheraw and Fayetteville road, and camped 6 p. m. on Colonel llarringtons plantation; marched three miles. March 6, remained in camp all day at Colonel ilarring- tons plantation; turned over three prisoners of war captured by for- agers to division provost-marshal. March 7, marched 12 m. on the Fay. etteville .road; camped near Crooked Creek and half a mile from State line between North Carolina and South Carolina; marched teu miles. March 8, marched 7 a. m. on the Fayetteville road; camped 12 m. at Laurel Hill Church; rained all day; marched fifteen miles. March 9, marched 7 a. m. on the Fayetteville road; crossed Lumber River at Gilchrists Bridge; camped in Raft Swamp four miles from river 6 p. in.; marched twelve miles; rained during the afternoon; road very bad. March 10, brigade built one mile corduroy road and marched 12 m. on Fayetteville road; camped at Bethel Church 5 p. in., having marched three miles. March 11. marched 7 a. m. on the Fayetteville road; road very bad; brigade worked several hours repairing the road; crossed Big Rockfish Creek at 7 p. m. and camped on Little Rockfish Creek 9.30 p. in.; marched nineteen miles. March 12, marched 7 a. in. ou the Fayetteville road; camped near Fayetteville 10 a. in.; marched seven miles. March 13, remained in camp all day near Fayetteville, N. C. March 14, broke camp 2 p. in.; crossed Cape Fear River on pontoon bridge; camped one mile and a half out from river 7 p. in.; marched three miles. March 15, marched 11 a. m. on the Goldsborough road; roads very muddy and rainy; camped at Bethany Camp-Ground 4 p. in.; marched ten miles. Since the 1st of March the command has marched 122 miles. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. 0. PEIRCE, Ca~otain and Acting Assistant inspector- General. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Acty. Asst. Insp. Gen., 8~econd Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND DIV., 15TH ARMY CORPS, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, Goldsborough, N. C., March 31, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following record of events of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from the 15th to the 31st of March, 1865: March 16, marched 9 a. m. on the Goldsborough road; crossed South River; camped at Rays Store 5 p. nui.; marched eight miles. March 17, marched 9 a. in. on the Goldsborough road; camped 3 p. m. at Clinton Cross-Roads; marched six miles. March 18, marched 6 a. m. on the Goldsborough road; crossed Great Cohera River 9 a. in.; left the Goldsborough road 11 a. in., turning to the right and moving down the Clinton road; camped 12 in. near Troublefields Store; marched twelve miles. March 19, marched 12 in.; left the Clinton road, turning to the left, taking the Goldsborough road to Coxs Bridge; moved in rear of corps, and about 10 p. m. received orders to return on the road just marched over and join Slocuins command on the upper road to Golds- borough, near Mill Creek, where they had become hotly engaged with the enemy; joined the Left Wing at daylight; marched twenty-tw Page 304 304 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAr. LIX. miles. March 20, remained in reserve near Fourteenth Army Corps. March 21, marched 12 m. and took np a position on the extreme left of the Army of the Tennessee; built a line of works within 400 yards of the enemys main line, and that, too, under a severe fire from the enemys skirmishers; lost 2 men killed and 11 wounded. March 22, enemy evacnated their lines last night and our skirmishers occupied their works at daylight; picked up three rebel stragglers; marched at 12 m. in the direction of Goldsborongh; camped 6 p. ni.; marched eight miles. March 23, marched 6.30 a. m. on the Goldsboroagh road; camped 10 a. in.; marched eight miles. March 24, marched 7 a. m. for Goldsborough; crossed Kense River at railroad bridge on pontoons; camped near Goldsborongh, N. C., ip. in., where the command remained to present date; marched eight miles. Since arriving at present camp 8 men have been captured by the enemy while out foraging, 4 from the Forty-seventh Ohio, and 4 from One hnndred and eleventh Illinois. Command has marched 72 miles since March 15, 1865; captured and turned over 3 prisoners of war; lost 2 men killed and 11 wounded. Very respectfully, your obedient servant~HOS. ~. PEIRCE. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. IIDQRs. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS Near Raleigh, N. C., April 15, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following record of events of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from the 1st to the 15th instant: The command remained in camp near Goldsborongh, N. C., until the 10th instant, when it broke camp 8 a. m. and moved on the Snow Hill road four miles, then turned to the left, marching on the Wilson-Golds- borough road six miles, when the command turned to the left again, tak- ing the Raleigh road; crossed the Weldon railroad at Pikeville; camped 6 p. In; marched eighteen miles. April 11, marched 8 a. in. on the Raleigh road via Whitleys Mills; when within two miles of Little River turned to the right, taking the road to Lowell Factory; crossed Little River at Lowell Factory and camped near the same 7 p. in; marched twelve miles. April 12, marched 10 a. in. on the Raleigh road; camped 6 p. in. at Pineville; marched twelve miles. April 13, marched 10 a. in. on the Raleigh road; camped 6 p. in. near Neuse River; marched fifteen miles. April 14, marched 7 a. in. on the Raleigh road; crossed the Neuse River at Neuse Factory; passed through Raleigh and camped three miles northwest of Raleigh at 3 p. in.; marched ten miles. Apr11 15, remained in camp near Raleigh, N. C. Since the 1st instant the command has marched sixty-seven miles, lost 2 men died of wounds received in action, 1 of disease, and 3 cap- tured by the enemy. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. 0. PEIRCE, Captain and Acting Assistant inspector- General. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps Page 305 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 305 HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, in the Field, April 30, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following record of events of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, from the 15th to the 30th day of April, 1865: The command remained in camp at Raleigh, N. C., from tue 15th to the 29th, when it broke camp at 9 a. m. and marched on the Raleigh and Louisburg road; camped 4 p. m. near Neuse River, having marched eleven miles. April 30, remained in camp near Neuse River. No casualties have occurred in this command since last report. Respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. 0. PEIRCE, Capt., 111th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and Aetg. Asst. Jnsp. Gen. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insp. (len., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. No. 24. Report of Lieut. Col. Joseph F: Black, One hundred and eleventh Illinois Infantry, of operations Januarg 18March 24. HEADQUARTERS 111TH ILLINOIS INFANTRY Goldsborough, JV. C., March 28, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of my regiment during the recent campaign from Savannah, Ga., to Goldsborough, N. C.: Having been detained in command of a detachment and the trans- portation of the division at Fort Thunderbolt January 18, by an order of Major-General Hazen I embarked my command at Savannah on the 25th of January for Beaufort, S. C.; arrived at that place on the 26th; disembarked on the 27th and reported to Colonel Jones, commanding brigade, in the afternoon of that day in camp near Beaufort. Subse- quently my regiment has participated in all the various duties of the campaign, and deserve praise for the patience with which they have per- formed many hard marches over swamps and difficult roads, many being destitute of shoes, and the willingness with which they have engaged in the several skirmishes, especially at North Edisto River, February 12, where they were compelled to wade for several hours in water waist deep until the crossing was effected. Officers and men have almost without exception performed their duties, and have been encouraged to continue faithful and obedient, hoping that the coming campaign may culminate in the complete suppression of the rebellion, and those who have been remiss have been punished by arrest, repri- mand, reduction to the ranks, or otherwise. During the campaign I have sustained the loss of two men killed; none wounded or missing. Very respectfully, J. F. BLACK, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. FRANK M. LEWIS, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2d Brig., 2d Div., 15th Army Corps. 20 H HVOL XLVII, PT Page 306 306 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. No. 25. Report of Capt. William N. Craw, Eighty-third Indiana Infantry, of operations January 16March 24. IIDQRS. EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENT INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Near Goldsborough, N. C., March 29, 1865. SIR: In accordance with instructions from headquarters Second Bri- gade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, March 26, 1865, I have the honor to herewith report the operations of the Eighty-third Regi- ment Indiana Volunteers since leaving Savannah, Ga.: Regiment embarked on board transport at Fort Thunderbolt, Jan- uary 16, 1865, and arrived at Beaufort, S. C., 17th. Encamped near Beaufort until January 27; marched toward Pocotaligo; arrived Jan- uary 30; from thence toward Columbia crQssing Salkehatchie and South Edisto Rivers; found the enemy posted on the north bank of Edisto River. February 12, crossed the river above and dislodged them; slight skirmish; no loss. Arrived in front of Columbia Feb- ruary 15; skirmished some 15th and 16th; entered Columbia 17th, after crossing the Saluda and Broad Rivers; destroyed railroad two days; moved toward Fayetteville, crossing Wateree, Great Pedee, Little Pedee, and Rockfish Rivers. Arrived at Fayetteville March 12. Crossed Cape Fear River 14th and moved toward Goldsborough, cross- ing Black River. Found the enemy on the 21st near Bentonville; skirmished with them and took position on the line; three men wounded. Enemy evacuated night ot the 21st and 22d. Moved to Neuse River, crossing near railroad bridge, passing through Golds- borough; encamped northeast of town one mile and a half March 24. Distance traveled since leaving Savannah, by water, sixty miles; by land, 469 miles. Total loss, 2 captured and 3 wounded. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. N. CRAW, Captain, Commanding Eighty-third Regiment Indiana Volunteers. Capt. FRANK M. LEWIS, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2d Brig., 2d Div., 15th Army Corps. No. 26. Report of Lieut. Col. Louis von Blessingh, Thirty-seventh Ohio Infantry, of operations January 14-March 24. IIDQR5. THIRTY-SEVENTH REGT. OHIO YET. VOL. INFTY. Near Goldsborough, N. C., March 28, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the Thirty- seventh Regiment Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry during the cam- paign since leaving Savannah, Ga.: On the 14th of January, 1865, the regiment broke camp at Savan- nah, Ga., and marched with the brigade to Fort Thunderbolt. On the evening of the 15th the regiment embarked on the steamer Cres- cent for Beaufort, S. C., where it arrived on the morning of the 16th, and went into bivouac three miles from th~ town. On the 26th were ordered to march to Beaufort, S. C., to disembark the division train. This finished, theregiment went with the train to close up on the division; went into bivouac near Pocotaligo, S. C., and remained there until the 31st. On the 1st of February, 1865, marched about ten miles and rejoined the brigade and division at McPhersonville, S. C.; marched i Page 307 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF TH~ CAROLINAS. 307 a northwest direction and bivouacked on the 4th at Angleys Post- Office; crossed the Big Combahee River on the 5th. On the 6th waded the Little Combahee. On the 7th struck the Augusta and Charleston Railroad at Bamberg, S. C; bivouacked two miles from town. On the 8th the regiment went with the brigade on a reconnaissance to the South Edisto liver, and returned to camp. On the 10th crossed the South Edisto River. On the 12th the regiment with the brigade waded the ~ wamps, one mile and a half in breadth, near the North Edisto River and crossed the river, forced the rebels from theii posi- tion on the left bank of the river, thereby effecting a crossing for the corps. Oii the 14th passed through Sandy Run. On the 15th crossed Congaree Creek and bivouacked five miles from Columbia, S. C. On the 16th crossed Saluda River four miles above Columbia. On the 17th the regiment was detached to the train as guards, while the balance of the troops crossed Broad River. Oil the 18th rejoined the brigade at Columbia and marched to Section 7 on the South Carolina Railroad, and began tearing up and burning the track. On the 19th completed the destruction and returned to Columbia. On the 20th the march was continued in a northeast direction; crossed Dutchmans Creek on the 21st, and the Wateree River on the 22d; passed through Liberty Hill on the 23d. On the 26th waded Lynchs Creek, made a reconnaissance with the Fifty-fourth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry and returned the same evening; bivouacked till the 28th. On the 1st of March the march was continued. On the 2d reached Black Creek and bivouacked. On the 3d crossed the creek and marched with the pontoon train. On the 4th marched through Cheraw, S. C.~ on the Pedee River. On the 5th crossed the Pedee River and marched on the Fayetteville road. On the 6th remained in bivouac. On the 7th continued the march. On the 8th crossed the line of North Carolina; went into bivouac near Lanrel Hill, N. C.; in the evening broke up camp and marched in company with the Forty-seventh Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry to Lumber River; bivouacked for the night. On the 9th attempted to bridge it. The regiment was detached by order of Major-General Howard to escort department headquarters to Randalisyille, IN. C. On the 10th were relieved from the train and ordered to bring pontoon train through; crossed Raft Swamp. On the 11th crossed Big and Little Rockfish Creeks; biv- ouacked one mile from Fayetteville, N. C. On the 12th rejoined the brigade; the regiment went as escort with a forage train and returned in the evening. On the 14th crossed Cape Fear River. On the 16th crossed South River. On the 17th crossed Cohera Creek. On the 19th marched all day and at night retraced our steps, marvhing till broad daylight; joined the Twentieth Army Corps; bivouacked. On the 21st took up our position in the line of battle near Mill Creek C., under fire of the enemy; threw up temporary works. The regi- ment suffered a loss of 1 man killed and 3 wounded. On the 22d dis- covered that the enemy had fled. We took up our line of march at4a. in.; advanced our skirmishers, who closed up on the enemys rear guard with the brigade for Goldsborough. On the 24th the regiment brought up the rear of the division, crossed the Neuse River, and passed through Goldsborough and occupied our present camping-ground. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, LOUIS VON BLESSINGH, Lieut. Col. Thirty-seventh Ohio Vet. Vol. Infty., Commanding. Capt. FRANK M. LEWIS, Actg. As~t. Adjt. Cen., 2d Brig., 2d Div., Fifteenth Army Corps Page 308 308 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. No. 27. Report of Capt. Robert Curren, F?fty-third Ohio Infantry, of oper ations January 30March 24. HEADQUARTERS FIFTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEERS Goldsborough, N. C., March 28, 1865. CAPTAIN: 1 have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this regiment in the late campaign: We left Port Royal Island on the 30th day of Janrtary, 1865, and nothing occurred worthy of note until the 12th day of February, when the regiment at North Edisto River was deployed as skirmishers, and moved forward to the river through the swamps and found the enemy well posted on the opposite bank, and we en gaged them. After a brief skirmish we succeeded in crossing the river and captured 1 commis- sioned officer and 22 enlisted men. Our loss was 1 killed and 4 wounded. Nothing more than the ordinary toils of a campaign occurred until we arrived at Columbia, S. C., when we were ordered out to engage and, if possible, silence a rebel battery, which we did effectually during the passage of the entire army and its trains. About noon I received orders to remain there and keep up a brisk lire nntil ordered away. About midnight I was ordered to join the brigade, which had moved up the river to the second pontoon at Columbia. The conduct of officers and men was all that could be expected during the entire campaign. The loss of the regiment was 1 enlisted man killed, 4 wounded, and 3 missing. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBERT CIJRREN, Captain, Fifty-third Ohio Volunteer infantry, Commanding. Capt. F. M. LEWIS, Actg. Asst. A~jt. Gen., 2d Brig., 2d Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. No. 28. Report of Lient. Col. Israel I. Moore, Fifty-fourth Ohio Infantry, of operatians January 14March 24. HDQRS. FIFTY.FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, Goldsborough, IV. C., March 29, 1865. SIR: In compliance with circular from headquarters Second Brigade calling for a report of operations since leaving Savannah, Ga., I have the honor to transmit the following: Leaving Savannah, Ga., January 14, arrived at Thunderbolt same day; took passage on steamer George Leary on the 16th, and arrived at Beaufort, S. C., on morning of the 17th; moved to near Port Royal Ferry on the 24th, where we remained making roads till 30th, when we moved via Pocotaligo Station and Hickory Hill, arriving at Owens Cross-Roads February 2. February 4, detailed to guard supply train to Pocotaligo, but when near Pocotaligo Station on the 5th were ordered to rejoin command with train, which we did, taking supplies left at Owens Cross-Roads. Overtook our brigade February 6 and moved across railroad at Bamberg on 7th. February 8, made reconnaissanc Page 309 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 309 to Cannons Bridge, on South Edisto River, four companies deployed under command of Major Kili advanced, skirmishing through water two to three feet deep within few rods of enemys works. After ascertaining the enemys position returned to camp same night. 9th, moved up South Edisto River, crossed on pontoon on 10th, and arrived at Poplar Springs 11th. Crossed North Edisto River on 12th by felling trees and wading water three to five feet deep for more than a mile; engaged the enemy on opposite shore; drove him from his works, then proceeded down the river two miles to communicate with General ilazen, who was crossing First and Third Brigades at this point; took a number of rebel pickets who were stationed along river-bank. Moved to left of Orange- burg on 13th, and arrived on Congaree River and close to Columbia the 15th, where the enemy shelled ns with a battery on the opposite shore most of the night. 16th and 17th, crossed Salada and Broad Rivers, and passed through the city of Columbia. Destroying South Carolina Railroad 18th; and 19th moved via Muddy Springs. February 20 crossed Wateree River above Liberty Hill. 22d, leaving Camden to our right, arrived at and crossed Lynchs River on bridge and by wading. February 26, taking position and making works on opposite side. March 1, moved toward and arrived at Cheraw on 4th and crossed Great Pedee on 5th. March 7, moved forwa~d toward Fayetteville, N. C., via Laurel Hill Church. 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th, making road and assisting train in crossing swamps. Arrived at Fayetteville March 12, where we remained till 15th, when we again moved toward Goldsborough. At 9 p. m. of 19th moved to rear and left to support Fourteenth Corps, marching all night, arriving near Bentonville at sunrise of 20th, and took position on right of Fourteenth Corps. Moved forward on 21st, driving enemy before us till within 200 yards of his works, where we made temporary works of logs. Loss to-day, 1 killed and 2 wounded. The enemy having evacuated during the night, at 1 p. m. of 22d moved to right and took Goldsborough road, arriving at Goldsborough on the 24th, and camped near it, where we still remain. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. T. MOORE, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. F. M. LEWIS, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. I No. 29. Report of Brig. Gen. John ill. Oliver, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade, of operations January 30March 24. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., SECOND DIV., 15TH ARMY CORPS, Near Goldsborough, N C., ]Ifarch 30, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following memoranda of marches of this brigade on the late campaign from Savannah, Ga., to Goldsborough, N. C.: January 30, 1865, broke camp near Beaufort, S. C .,at7a.m.and crossed Port Royal River, at the ferry, on pontoon bridge; took road through Gardens Corners past Bridge Church, and then left-hand road to Pocotaligo; reached camp 3.45 p. in.; distance marched, seventeen nujes Page 310 310 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. February 1, moved at 7 a. m. and went into camp near Sand Hill Church at 7 p. in.; distance, thirteen miles. Febrnary 2, started at 7 a. in.; went into camp near Duck Greek, on Barnesyille and Orange- burg road, at 4 p. In.; distance, fourteen miles. Febj~uary 3, had a skirmish with the enemy; flanked them with a detachment of the Forty- eighth illinois Infantry, and drQve them from their position on the oppo- site baiik of Dnck Creek, taking their camp, & c. We sustained a loss of 1 man killed and 1 wounded. February 4, moved at 12 in. and went into camp near Angleys Post-Office at 5 p. in.; distance, eight miles. February 5, broke camp at 7 a. in.; marched to and crossed Salkehatchie River at Bufords Bridge; went into camp near the river at 4 p. in.; distance, eight miles. February 6, marched abont seven miles; crossed Little Salkehatchie and encamped at 7 p. in. February 7, broke camp at 8 a. in. and marched to Bainberg Station; destroyed one mile and a half of railroad toward Midway Station; went into camp in reserve at 4 p. in.; distance marched, six miles. February 9, left Bamberg Station at 5.30 a. in. and marched to ilolmans Bridge, South Fork Edisto River; went into camp at 1 p. in.; distance, eight miles. February 10, crossed South Fork Edisto at 5 p. in. and went into camp on road leading toward Columbia, about one mile and a half from river~ distance, two miles and a half. February 11, moved at 7 a. in., Third Brigade in advance; went into cajup at Poplar Springs at 2.30 p. in.; distance, fourteen miles. February 12, broke camp at 7 a. in. and marched to North Fork Edisto River; Third Brigade iu rear countermarched and succeeded in crossing Ninety-ninth Indiana Infantry over main river in advance of everything. After the Second Brigade had gained the other crossing we waded the swamp (one mile and a half in width a-nd waist deep) and went into camp on Orangebuig and Columbia road; distance, nine miles. February 13, broke camp at 9 a. in. and marched toward Sandy iRun Post-Office; went into camp 5p.m.; distance, thir- teen miles. February 14, moved at 7 a. mu.; marched to within eleven miles of Columbia; distance, seventeen miles. February 15, marched at 8 a. mu.; crossed Congaree Creek at 5 p. um. and went into camp on right of First Division; distance, six miles; enemy shelled our line in rear from the bluff across Congaree River. February 16, moved at 9 a. mu. and halted opposite the city of Columbia; the Ninety-ninth Indiana and Fifteenth Michigan were sent to hold the crossing at Saluda Creek, and, after a short skirmish with the enemy, we succeeded in crossing about dark and encamped on the banks of Broad River; distance, seven ~iiles. February 17, left camp at 3 p. in.; crossed Broad River and marched through Columbia, which was formally surrendered that morning by the mayor, the main force of the enemy having evacuated the city the night previous. Februaryl8, at 4 a. mu. thu Third Brigade was called out to suppress riot; did so, killing 2 men, wounding 30, and arresting 370; Fifteenth Michigan and Ninety-ninth Indiana destroyed one mile of Columbia and Charleston Railroad~ sent the Seventieth Ohio, Forty-eighth and Ninetieth Illinois to destroy one mile from Eight to Nine-Mile Post on same road. February 20, left Colum- bia at 8 a. in.; marched easterly on road to Travelers Rest; leaving that place to our right we tmmrned to the north toward Liberty Hill; went into camp at 5 p. in.; distance, twenty miles. February 21, broke camp at 7 a. in. and marched twenty-two miles; encamped at 8 p. mu. February 22, left camp 6.30 a. in.; arrived at Wateree River, at P eays Ferry; crossed brigade in pontoon-boats; went into camp across Sin- gletons Creek, two miles from the river; distance, eight miles. Febr Page 311 Caip. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 311 ary 24, marched twenty miles; went into camp 10 p. in., one mile from Camden. February 25, broke camp at 8 a. m. and marched to Pine Tree Church, on Camden and Society Hill road; went into camp 12 in.; distance, eight miles. February 26, left camp at 9 a. m. and marched to and waded Lynchs Creek at Kellys Bridge; water very high and rising; Second and Third Brigades crossed and went into camp 5p. in.; no wagons got over; distance, ten miles. February 28, commenced to build bridge; made good progress; stopped work at dark. March 1, moved at 3 p. in.; arrived at Kellytown and went into camp 5.30 p. in.; distance, six miles. March 2, marched at 3.30 p. m. and went into camp 8.30 p. in.; distance, four miles. March 3, moved at7a.m~ crossedBlackCreekat~ewMarket; camped at Campbells Mills on Juniper Creek, 7 p. in.; distance, twenty miles. March 4, broke camp at 7 a. m. and marched to Clieraw; went into camp at 5 p. m. on the right of the First Division, on the ridge to the left of town; dis- tance, thirteen miles. March 5, marched at 5 p. in.; crossed Great Pedee and went into camp at 8 p. in.; distance, four miles. March 7, left camp at 12 m. and marched to Crooked Creek and encamped at 5.30 p. in.; distance, ten miles. March 8, broke camp at 7 a. m. and marched to Laurel Hill; went into camp at 3 p. in.; distance, fourteen miles. March 9, moved at 7 a. in.; crossed Lumber River omi pontoon bridge; camped near Bethel Church at 5 p. in.; distance, fourteen miles. March 10, marched at 3 p. in.; corduroyed roads for nearly four miles; distance to brigade headquarters from yesterdays camp, three miles. March 11, marched at 8 a. in.; crossed Rockfish Creek, and camped on Little Rockfish Creek, seven miles from Fayetteville, at 5 p. in.; distance, seventeen miles. March 12, marched at 7 a. in.; camped south of Fayetteville at 12 in.; distance, six miles and a half. March 14, at 3.30 p. in. crossed Cape Fear River and encamped on Warsaw road at 7 p. in.; distance, three miles. March 15, marched at 11 a. m. on Goldsborough road and camped at Bethany Church at 5 p. in.; dis- tance, nine miles. March 16, moved at 8 a. in.; crossed Black Creek and went into camp 7 p. in. near Wesley Chapel; distance, eight miles. March 17, moved at 7 a. in.; camped at Peters Cross-Roads at 3 p. in.; distance, eight miles. March 18, moved at 5.30 a in.; crossed Cohera Creek and went into camp 2 p. in.; distance, fifteen miles. March 19, moved at 1 p.m.; marched in direction of Everettsville until 11 p. in.; countermarched at 1 oclock at night to re-enforce the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, who had engaged the enemy; distance, twenty-four miles. March 21, changed position; relieved skirmishers; put up lines and took part in the engagement of that day. Captaiu Hare, of Seventieth Ohio, a brave and gallant officer, was killed near the left of our division line. March 22, marched on direct road to Everettsville about ten miles; camped at 5.30 p. m. March 23, marched eight miles and went into camp six miles from Goldsborough. March 24, to-day we crossed the Keuse River, and ended a campaign in which the com- mand has shown an endurance and steady faith in themselves, their cause, and a confidence in their great leader, such as I believe no troops have before felt. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN M. OLIVER, Brigadier- General. Capt. G. LOFLAND, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army, Corps Page 312 312 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. I have the honor to submit the following report of casualties of this brigade since leaving Savannah, Ga.; also the number of miles cordu- royed by this command during the same period: Killed. Wounded. Missing. Aggregate. Command. . p a ~ a a 0 ~ H 0 ~ H 0 ~ H 0 ~ H 15th Michigan Infantry 1 1 1 70th0hiolnfantry 1 1 2 2 1 2 48thlllinoislnfantry.... 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 2 4 90th Illinois Infantry 2 2 7 7 9 99th Indiana Infantry 1 1 1 Total 2 1 3 1 4 5 12 12 3 17 Distance corduroyed. Miles. 15th Michigan Infantry 3 70th Ohio Infantry 3 48th Illinois Infantry 3 90th Bhinois Infantry 3 99th Indiana Infantry 4 Total 16 Very respectfully, JOHN M. OLIVER, Brigadier. General. ADDENDA. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., SECOND DIV., 15TH ARMY CORPS, Near Gold8borough, N. 0., ]Jiiareh 31, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of Third Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, since March15, 1865: March 15, was encamped on Warsaw road, three miles from Fayette. ville, iN. C.; marched at 11 a. m. on Goldsborough road and camped at Bethany Church at 5 p. in.; distance, nine miles. March 16, moved at 8a.m.; crossed Black Creek and went into camp at 7p.m. near~ Wesley Chapel; distance, eight miles. March 17, movedat 7p.m.; camped at Peters Cross-Roads at 3 p. in.; distance, eight miles. March 18, marched at 5.30 a. in.; crossed Cohera Creek and went into camp 2 p. in.; distance, fifteen miles. March 19, moved at 1 p. in.; marched in direction Everettsville until 11 p. in.; countermarched at 1 oclock at night to re-enforce the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, who had engaged the enemy; distance, twenty-four miles. March 21, changed position; relieved skirmishers; put up lilIes and took part in the engagement of that day. Captain Hare, of the Seventieth Ohio, a brave and gallant officer, was killed near the left of our division line. March 22, marched on direct road to Everettsville about ten miles; camped at 5.30 p. in. March 23, marched eight miles and went into camp six miles from Goldsborough. March 24, crossed Keuse River and went into camp about two miles east of Goldsborough. March 28, was called to guard forage train; went fifteen miles; pro- 1 3 6 9 1 2 Page 313 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 313 cured good supply of forage. Have remained in camp ever since. I have established lines, thrown up breast-works, and have arranged good camps. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. A. LA POINT, Captain and Acting Assistant inspector- General. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Jnsp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, OFFICE ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL, Near Raleigh, N. C., April 15, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following record of events in this command from the 1st to the 15th instant, inclusive: April 1, were encamped two miles east of Goldsborough. April 2, the Second Division was reviewed by General Hazen. Remained in camp until April 10, when we broke camp at 7.30 a. in., Third Brigade occupying the advance; marched on Snow Hill road seven miles, then took road leading to Pikeville; crossed Weldon and Wilmington Rail- road and went into camp at 6 p. m. at Nahunta Church, three miles from Pikeville, on road leading to Whitleys Mill distance marched, sixteen miles. April 11, left camp at 7 a. m; marched in rear of divis. ion, repairing road for trains; marched five miles on Pikeville and Whitleys Mill road, then moved to right on Lowell road; crossed Lit- tle River and encamped at 9 p. m. near Lowell Factory; distance, twelve miles; corduroyed three miles of road. April 12, broke camp at 8.30 a. in., Third Brigade occupying the center; marched three miles on Smithfield road, then turned to the right on Raleigh road; went into camp near Pineville at 6 p. in.; distance, fourteen miles. April 13, marched at 10.30 a. in., taking the Oxford road until striking the Raleigh road; took Raleigh road and went into camp at 5.30 p. m. near Hintons Bridge, on Neuse River; Third Brigade had the advance of the division; distance, sixteen miles. April 14, broke camp at 9 a. in.; marched across Keuse River and entered the city of Raleigh, General Sherman reviewing the troops while passing through the city; went into camp four miles northeast of the city at 5 p. m; distance, twelve miles. I am,. captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. A. LA POINT, Captain, Fifteenth Michigan Infantry, Actg. Asst. Insp Gen Third Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army clorps. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., SECOND Div., 15TH ARMY CORPS, ACTING ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, In the Field, N. C., April 30, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following record of events in this command from the 16th to the 30th instant, inclusive: April 16, were encamped three miles northeast of the city of Raleigh; remained in camp until the 18th, when we moved camp to within on Page 314 314 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AN~D E. FLA. [CMLP. LiX. mile north of the city of Raleigh. On the 23d the brigade was reviewed by Major-General ilazen, division commander. On the 27th the Fifty- sixth Illinois Infantry was transferred from the Third Division, Fif- teenth Army Corps, to the Second Division, and was assigned to this brigade. Remained in camp until the 29th, when we broke camp at 9 a. in.; marched out on the Lewisburg road, crossed the Neuse River. and encamped at 4 p. in.; distance marched, eleven miles. 3t~th, remained in camp. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. A. LA POINT, Captain, Fifteenth Michigan Infantry, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., Third Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Ci*rps. Capt. C. A. EARNEST, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., Second Div., Fifteenth Army Corps. No. 30. Report of Bvt. ]JJiaj. Gen. John F. Smith, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations January 19March 24. IIDQRS. THIRD DIVIsION, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Goldsborough, N. C., March 26, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my command during the recent campaign from Savannah, Ga., to this place: In coml)liance with orders I broke camp at Savannah Ga at 6 , ., a. in. January 19,1865, and moved with the Second Brigade of my divis.- ion iii advance, crossing the Savannah River on pontoons to Hutchin- sons Island. Here I found the roads badly cut up, almost impassable, and consequently the movements were slow, thence crossing on pon. toons to Pennyworths Island. Arriving at the last pontoon I found it unsafe to cross; several of the boats were loose, and the officer in charge making no efforts, or very faint ones, for its safety. I at once detailed fifty men to report to him, and by a little urging succeeded in getting it in position and made fast, having been delayed one hour. Having crossed over to Cheves rice plantation, I moved over one of the causeways running through the plantation, which for some distance was high but quite narrow, barely admitting the passage of wagons. About this time (9.30 a. in.) it commenced raining slightly, and it was evident that unless we could cross before it rained much it would be impossible to get through, as our heavy wagons would soon cut down the slight embankment. I therefore made every effort to reach the Union Causeway as soon as possible. Upon reaching the latter point, finding that the train was moving without difficulty, and as I thought it had not rained sufficiently to soften the roads, I pushed forward as rapidly as possible to New River bridge, to clear the road for the Fourth Division, foil owing me, and at the same time, if necessary, cover the working party (from the Fourth Division) constructing a bridge across New River. I arrived at 1 p. in. with head of column, and about 2 p. m. Battery B, First Michigan Artillery, wagon train of Second Brigade, ammunition, and nearly all of the supply train came into eainp well closed up, having marched a distance of twelve miles. At about 11 a. in. it commenced raining very hard, and continued to do s Page 315 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CA1~OLINAS. 315 during the day. At about 3 p. m. it was reported to me that the water about the plantation referred to had swollen so that the corduroy on the low portions of the causeway, or dike, had floated off, and that iu consequence a few wagons of the supply traiu were stalled, and that the First Brigade, in the rear, could not come forward. I at once sent one of my staff officers (Captaiu Weliman) to direct Col. J. B. McCown, commanding First Brigade, to have the contents of the wagons carried by the men of his command, and to have the wagons dragged through to this side. I also directed Captain Weilman to communicate with Brig. Gen. J. M. Corse and report to him the condition of the roads as he (Weliman) might find them. Captain Weilman found that owing to the sudden and unlooked-for rise in the Savannah River the whole of the country over which we had passed was submerged, and only succeeded in reaching Colonel McCown by leaving his horse and wad- ing in places up to his armpits. I was not aware of the extent of the flood until the next morning (20th) when I rode down intending to report our condition in person, thinking I could make my way to Savannah via Scribuers Screvens l] Ferry; but this was impossible; the whole country to the extent of three miles back from the river was submerged. In the meantime I directed Colonel McCown to return to Savannah with his command and all of his wagons, abandoning such wagons as he could not get off. This was done with a loss of nine wagons of the supply train, together with their contents. Captain Weilman joined me on the Union,Causeway at about 4 p. in., having just succeeded in getting back. Finding that the troops and nearly all of the wagons would be saved I ordered the pioneer corps of my own and of the Fourth Division, which had been sent to assist the trains, to return to camp near New River bridge, where I arrived at about 9 p. in., and found the camps covered with water to the depth of from six inches to two feet. There had been no cessation of rain since noon of the 19th instant. Our advent upon sacred soil was not calculated to produce a very good impression, and I fear that some of our officers and men lost their usual equanimity of temper. Our camps were on the site of one formerly occupied by the chivalry, who had dug, I suppose in a dry season, a number of wells from twelve to fifteen feet deep. These being now full could not be seen, and a number of men contributed to the merriment of their comrades by suddenly dis- appearing from view. I was a victim to some extent. Upon my return to camp, tired and hungry, I called upon the major domo of our mess for something to eat. He presented himself with a pigs foot in one hand and some hard-tack in the other. This unusual proceeding I resented when he informed me that dere was no plate, knife and fork, left~ was all clean done gone. Upon inquiry I ascertained that he had taken a plunge and deposited the whole of our scanty mess kit iii one of these wells. January 21, broke camp at 8.30 a. in.; detained by pioneers not having closed np with the command on the 20th, as ordered. Crossed New River and marched eleven miles, going into camp at 3.30 p. in., three miles south of ilazzards Bridge. Seven small bridges were built and 380 yards of road corduroyed. It rained all day and three miles of the road was covered with water to the depth of from one to two feet. January 22, broke camp near ilazzards Bridge at 7 a. in.; marched twelve miles and encamped at 4 p. in. on J. J. iluguenins plantation, near Bees Creek; rained hard all day; built five small bridges, in the aggregate seventy feet. About four miles of the road was through swamps, covered with water and very bad. Jan- uary 23, broke camp imear Bees Creek at 8.30 a. in.; marched ten mile Page 316 316 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. and encamped near Pocotaligo at 3 p. in.; rained all day; corduroyed 480 yards of the road. January 24 to 29, inclusive, in camp, getting supplies for next movement; weather clear with cold winds. January 30, command broke camp (the First Brigade, Brig. Gen. W. T. Clark commanding, having reported at 9 a. in.), near Pocotaligo at 12 in., and marched six miles, encamping one mile west of McPhersonville. Weather clear and pleasant. January 31, remained in camp. February 1, broke camp near McPhersonville, S. C., at 7 a. in., under orders to follow the First Division. Did not get the road until 11 a. in.; marched fifteen miles and encamped at Hickory Hill, head of col- umn arriving at 5.30, and rear guard at 10 p. in.; roads cut badly. February 2, broke camp at 9 a. in., to follow Second Division; 12 m. before rear of Second Division passed; marched ten miles and encamped at Andersons Cross-Roads, advance arriving at 5, and rear guard at 8 p. in.; weather clear and pleasant~ roads bad~ crossed several small streams. February 3, broke camp at Tm in. andmarched to Duck Creek; distance, five miles; weather cloudy with rain; for- agers had a sharp skirmish with the enemys pickets on Duck Creek for possession of a mill which they captured, together with a quan- tity of corn meal, without loss. The Fourth Regiment Minnesota Vol- unteer Infantry was ordered to cross Duck Creek and encamp, which was done without opposition from the enemy. Division encamped at 2 p. m. February 4, broke camp at 6 a. in.; weather cloudy with rain; roads in places very heavy; marched ten miles and encamped at Harrisons Cross-Roads, near Wills Creek. February 5, broke camp at 7 a. in.; weather cloudy; crossed Big Salkehatchie River at Bufords Bridge, passing through one mile of swamp on cause- ways bridged at twenty-six places; marched four miles and encamped at Moyes plantation at 10 a. m. February 6, broke camp at 6 a. in.; weather cloudy. About two miles from Lanes Bridge over the Little Salkehatchie, the enemys pickets were discovered. Two companies of the Tenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry were deployed and thrown forward in advance of the column. The enemy retiring rapidly, we advanced in this manner to the river, and upon reconnoitering found that there was a narrow causeway leading to the bridge which had been obstructed by felling trees. It was supposed also that the enemy had works on the other side, which proved true. I at once made preparation toforce the crossing and directed Col. C. R. Wever, commanding the Second Brigade, and in the advance, to send one regiment (the Tenth Iowa) about three.quarters of a mile to our left, at a mill, and one regiment (the Eightieth Ohio) about the same distance to the right, to protect our flanks, and also, if possible, to effect a crossing, and attack the enemy in flank. The Fifty-sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was ordered to make a direct attack from both sides of the road. These dispositions having been made, the skirmishers from the center plunged into the swamp, the water up to their knees, and the thickets so dense that it required such energetic action as none but our brave soldiers possess to penetrate them at all. After contending with these difficulties a short time a lively skirmish fire was opened. A section of artillery was now brought up and a few shots fired to develop the enemys guns, if he had any. Not receiving any reply thc order was given to the center to force their way through, w3hich they did, gallantly wading the main stream, waist deep, the enemy retiring precipitately, and halting on a ridge half a mile distant, where they showed themselves in full force to the number of from 1,200 to 1,500 cavalry. The regiment in advance hastily threw up a slight work of rails, until support sliou.ld geL across Page 317 Cnip. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 317 wlien skXrmishers were again deployed and advanced upon the enemy; but as usual they proved themselves very discreet, and fled faster than we could follow. Our casualties were five men slightly wounded. The command encamped on Doctor Fishburns plantation on the road to Bamberg. Distance marched, ten miles. February 7, broke camp at 8 a. in.; rained all night and continues to do so to-day; in charge of trains of First and Second Divisions; roads bad, requiring a great deal of work; marched five miles and encamped near Bamberg Station, on the South Carolina Railroad. Feb- ruary 8, remained in camp; weather clear and cool. First Brigade was detailed to destroy three miles of South Carolina Railroad, which was thoroughly done. February 9, broke camp at 6.30 a. in.; weather clear and cool; marched seven miles and encamped two miles north- west of Grahams Turnout. February 10, remained in camp during the a. in.; weather clear and cool. The First Brigade destroyed two miles and a half of South Carolina Railroad. The Second Brigade com- pleted the destruction of about one mile and a half of same road, which had been imperfectly done by the Twentieth Army Corps. Broke camp at 3 p. in.; marched three miles and a half and encamped at cross-roads near ilolmans Bridge. February 11, broke camp at 6.30 a. in., crossed the South Edisto River on pontoons, passed through Willow Swamp, the water for one mile al)Ont two feet deep, and marched sixteen miles, encamping at Poplar Springs at 4.30 p. in.; roads good; weather cool. February 12, broke camp at 8.30 a. m. The Second Division, in advance, had a skirmish with the enemy at Shillings Bridge, over North Edisto River. Was ordered to hold my command in readiness to support the Second Division, but it was not required. The division commenced crossing the North Edisto River on pontoons at dark and encamped near the Orangeburg road. The rear guard did not arrive in camp until 1 a. in. 13th instant; distance marched, five miles; weather warm and sultry. Febraary 13, broke camp at 6.30 a. in.; marched seventeen miles and encamped near Big Crotchpen Creek; weather clear and cool; roads good. February 14, broke camp at 9 a. in.; marched twelve miles and encamped at 3 p. m. near Sandy Run Post- Office; roads good. Wagons moved in double column, the troops on either flank. Weather cloudy and cool. February 15, broke camp at 7 a. in. and marched to Bates Ferry, on the Congaree River, where, in compliance with orders, a demonstration to cross was made. We dis- covered upon the opposite side a picket guard of from twenty-five to thirty men. Our skirmishers opened fire upon them, which they returned, seemingly disposed to contest the ground. In the meantime I ordered one section of Battery B, First Michigan Artillery, in posi- tion, and made such disposition of my command as would create the impression that I had a much larger force. A few well directed shells dispersed the enemys pickets, and they did not again make their appearance. The crossing at this point was practicable, had it been desirable. At dark in command lea compliance with instructions, i withdrew my ving one regiment on picket, with ir)structions to keep fires burning for a distance of one mile and a half along the river, thereby giving the appearance of a large camp. The command encamped near Toms Creek. Distance marched, six miles. February 16, broke camp at 7 a. m. The supply trains of the divisions were massed. The command during a portion of the day were near Congaree Creek await- ing orders. In the p. m. moved up, crossing the Saluda River, near Saluda Factory, on pontoons at 11.30 p. m. and encamped at 1.30 a. m. on the 17th on Columbia road near Broad River bridge. Distanc Page 318 318 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. marched, five miles. February 17, remained in camp until 3 p. m. and then following the Second and Fourth Divisions crossed Broad River on pontoons, and marched through Columbia to camp one mile east of the city. Observing that soldiers were obtaining liquor freely, I gave orders that no one should leave camp, and remained with my command. February 18, command in camp. A detail of 500 men each from the First and Second Brigades, properly officered for fatigue duty, together with the pioneer corps and fifty wagons, reported to Captain Buel, chief ordnance officer, to destroy public works, machinery, ordnance, ordnance stores, and ammunition, of which there were large quantities. February 19, the work of demolishing stores of all kinds continued. During the day an explosion took place near the river, where a detail of the Sixty-third Illinois Volunteer Jnfantry were unloading ammuni- tion and throwing it into the river, caused by the reckless habits our soldiers get into by their familiarity with danger. By this explosion Capt. W. M. Davis, Jesse Johnson, and James Kilpatrick, of Company F, Sixty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and Coleman P. Wright, of the Tenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, were instantly killed. Twenty-one men of the Sixty-third Illinois were severely burnt and wounded. (Sergeant Dalbey is dead.) One wagon and six mules were burned up and a number of animals more or less injured. I am unable to report the amount of machinery, ordnance, ordnance stores and ammunition destroyed by the detail from my command, but some idea may be formed from the fact that it occupied 1,200 men (including pioneer corps) and 50 wagons from 1 p. m. on the 18th until 6 p. m. on the 19th. February 20, broke camp at 7 a. m. and marched out on Camden road twenty-two miles, encamping at 4 p. m. near Rice Creek; weather clear and roads good. February 21, broke camp at 12 m. and marched seventeen miles, encamping at Harrisons Cross-Roads at 11 p. in., rear guard arriving at camp at 12.30 a. m.22d. February 22, broke camp at 7 a. m. and marched to Peay~s Ferry, on the Wateree River, arriv- ing at noon. At this point all surplus animals were turned over to Col. U. L. Fort, chief quartermaster. Command commenced crossing on pontoons at dark and encamped near the river between the hours of 8.30 and 11.30 p. in.; distance marched, eleven miles. February 23, broke camp at 6.30 a. m. and marched eighteen miles, encamping at 3.30 p. m. on J. R. Dy& s plantation, near Flat Rock; weather cloudy; country very broken; roads good. February 24, broke camp at 6.30 a. m. and marched sixteen miles, encamping at 5 p. m. at Wests Cross- Roads. Quite a large force of Butlers cavalry was seen during the day upon our left flank, but they kept at a respectful distance. Weather was rainy and road in bad colidition. February 25, at about 10 a. m. Youngs command, of Butlers division, cavalry, 600 or 700 strong, captured 7 wagons, 7 enlisted men, and 4 contrabands while after corn at a plantation two miles in rear of the camp. Some of the enemy came up to within fifty yards of our picket-posts, when one of their horses was shot. This being reported to me I ordered one regi- ment to move out to drive them oft and if possible recover our wagons. The Fortyeighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry was selected, and deploying skirmishers moved out, driving the enemy back, off the Camden road. Our wagons, however, had been driven rapidly over the bridge across Little Lynchs Creek, and having no mounted force I could not pursue them. In this skirmish we lost 2 enlisted men killed and 1 wounded. Two of our men were brutally murdered, in plain view of our skirmishers, after having surre~dered,in retaliation for which I ordered two of their men, who were taken in our uniform Page 319 CHAI~. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 319 to be shot, which was done on the spot. All necessary dispositions were made to guard the camp against surprise in the event that there was a large force, but we were not molested any further. February 26, broke camp at 9 a. m. and marched twelve miles, encamping at 4.30 p. m. at Kellys Bridge, on Lynchs Creek. February 27, 28, and March 1, the command remained in camp at Kellys Bridge waiting for a bridge to be built across Lynchs Creek, the water being too high to ford. My pioneer corps was ordered to assist that of General Hazens in constructing the bridge. On the 28th the trains were inspected, and about 3,000 pounds of tobacco and sundries, Which had gathered since a similar inspection was made at Wests Cross-Roads, was thrown out. March 2, broke camp at 2 p. m. and following the Second Division crossed Lynchs Creek over a bridge about 580 yards long, which had been constructed by the pioneer corps, and marched seven miles, encamping at 8 p. m. at Kellytown. March 3, broke camp at 6 a. m. and crossed Black Creek, on Camden and Cheraw road. Just before arriving at this point I rode about half a mile in advance of the column to examine the crossing at the creek, which I found in bad condition, and requiring considerable work to make it passable. While waiting the arrival of the command I heard five distinct and successive reports of a pistol, and ten minutes after five more, not fired rapidly, but rather deliberately. I thought it some thoughtless person at the head of the column discharging his pistols. I wa4s vexed, as these things, if done in my command, are in violation of positive orders. I soon learned, how- ever, that Lient. Col. James Isaminger, of the Sixty-third Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, had been captured by a squad of twenty rebels clothed in the uniform of our soldiers. Colonel Isaminger had been detached from his regiment for a few days, and was in charge of the pioneer corps. He had ridden 200 or 300 yards ahead of the column, and discovering the road obstructed by a tree that had fallen he sent back to the pioneer corps for a few axmen to come forward and clear the road. He was thus engaged when these men, whom from their dress he supposed to be our men, approached him, without sus- picion on his part. This occurred within 200 yards of the advancing column, but owing to a hill between them could not be seen. The pioneers returning to the head of the column gave the alarm, when the advanced guard immediately deployed. (As soon as I learned what had taken place I sent my mounted men in pursuit.) It would seem that after capturing Colonel Isaminger they rode off a short distance, say 200 or 300 yards, and halted, and so completely deceived were our men as to their appearance that two mounted men from the train rode up to them, seeing Colonel Jsaminger with the group, inquiring where the ~ were. One of the men was taken prisoner, the other, refus- ing to surrender, was killed. Had our men known they were enemies they would not have escaped so easily. I regret the loss of Colonel Isaminger, as he has proven himself one of the most reliable and energetic officers in the command. Division marched twenty-nine miles, two of which was cut through the woods on the side of the main road, and encamped at 6.30 p. m. on the Widow Campbells plantation, on Juniper Creek. Weather during the a. m. cloudy and rainy. March 4, broke camp at 7 a. ni. and fol- lowing the remainder of the corps marched eight miles, passing over Thompsons Creek, through Cheraw, and encamping one mile northwest of town on Chesterfield road. March 5, broke camp at 6.30 a. in.: crossed Big Pedee River. About two miles from the river our forager Page 320 320 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. ran into what was supposed to be a picket-post, but what proved to be a portion of the rear guard of the enemy moving out on the Rocking- ham road. The advance guards were deployed and were soon engaged in a skirmish with them. They retired precipitately, abandoning 2 caissons, 2 forges, and 1 battery wagon, at the edge of llarringtons farm. Two miles farther on the road they cut three horses from and abandoned two more caissons. All the ammunition chests were filled with light 12-pounder ammunition. They were all destroyed. Coin- mand marched four miles, encamping on Grants plantation, near Phills Creek. March 6, command remained in camp, running four grist-mills; weather clear and cool. March 7, broke camp at 9 a. in.; marched twelve miles and encamped at 2.30 p. in., one mile from the State line, on Oldhams plantation. March 8, broke camp at 9 a. in.; marched thirteen miles and encamped at Laurel Hill. Rained hard all day, and the roads were heavy. The trains and rear guard arrived at camp at 3a.m. on the 9th. March 9, broke camp at 7a.m. The roads con- tinued good and the trains moved along well until 2p. in., when it com- menced raining very hard. The roads, as soon as they got wet, seemed to melt away, and for four miles, before reaching Gilchrists Bridge, it was impossible to find enough solid ground for a mule to stand upon. I cannot find language to describe the condition of our trains; it must have been seen to be appreciated. By the indomitable energy of the First Brigade, Brig. Gen. W. T. Clark commanding, amid torrents of rain, they succeeded in reaching our camp at Colonel McCanns resi- dence, near Randallsville, at 6.30 the next morning. The Second Bri- gade had been sent forward from Gilchrists Bridge, and encamped at 8 p. m. near Randallsville; distance marched, twelve miles. March 10, broke camp at 9 a. in.; crossed Raft Swamp and. encamped at 6 p. in.; distance marched, five miles. March 11, broke camp at 10.30 a. m. Just as the rear of the division was moving out of camp a small party of the rebel cavalry, dressed in our uniform, dashed up, cut out two horses from an ambulance, and succeeded in getting off with them. Marched six miles and encamped at 11 p. m. at Nelsons Post- Office. It is nearly a continuous swamp from Gilchrists Bridge to Rockfish Creek. Weather clear. March 12, broke camp at 9 a. In.; marched seven miles and encamped at 6 p. m. two miles from Fay- etteville on the left of the plank road. Weather clear. March 13, command remained in camp. Weather clear and warm. March 14, broke camp at 11 a. in.; crossed Cape Fear River on pontoons at 4 p. m. and encamped one mile from crossing. Rear of command reached camp at 11 p. in.; distance marched, three miles and a half; weather warm and cloudy. March 15, during the a. m. the non-veterans of the division, principally from the Fifty-ninth Indiana and Fifty-sixth Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry, were ordered to proceed as guard to refugees, white and black, to Wilmington, N. C., and upon their arrival there to be mustered out of service. Broke camp at 2.30 p. m. and marched twelve miles, encamping two miles from South River at 6.30 p. m. Weather was rainy and roads very bad. March 16, broke camp at 9 a. m. The crossing at South River was in very bad condition. My command was delayed at this point by Fourth and Second Divisions until 3 p. m. Had great difficulty in getting my wagons across. Marched seven miles over very bad roads and encamped at forks of road near the head of Jones Swamp. March 17, broke camp at 8a.m.; marched eight miles and encamped at 3p.m. at Jacksons Cross-Roads; weather clear- roads bad. March 18, broke camp at 7 a. in.; marched twelve miles and encamped at Newtons Cross-Roads at 4p. m. A rebel cavalry picket having been reported t Page 321 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 321 be one mile out on our front, I sent the Sixty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry to reconnoiter. The regiment went out three miles without meeting an enemy, but saw quite a large force of the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps bummers. Weather cloudy; roads good. March 19, broke camp at 6 a. in., with the expectation of marching to Goldsborough. The officers and men were vety much elated at the prospect. The crossing at Falling Creek was very bad, the water being deep, and the corduroy on the bottom being full of holes. From this point I moved on with the advance of the division (Second Brigade), and a portion of the train (including department and CO~1)5 headquarters), to Falling Creek School-House. Being ordered to halt, I sent one regiment (the Eightieth Ohio) to cover the Goldsborough road; one (the Tenth Iowa) was sent out in charge of Lient. Col. William B. Strong, of General How- ards staft, to reconnoiter toward Coxs Bridge, and one (the Fifty-sixth Illinois) was left as guard with the trains. At 4 p. in. the First Bri- gade, with the remainder of the trains, arrived. At 5 p. m. that por- tion of the Second Brigade in camp and on Goldsborough road (Fifty- sixth Illinois and Eightieth Ohio) was ordered forward to Coxs Cross- Roads to the support of the Tenth Iowa, it being reported that the enemy were moving toward us in considerable force. The First Bri- gade encamped at 6 p. m. oii the left of the Coxs Bridge road, one mile from the school-house, where a line of works was thrown up. Heavy firing on the left was heardduring the day, occasioned, it was reported, by an attack upon the Fourteenth Corps. Distance marched, fifteeii miles; roads very bad in places; weather clear and cool. March 20, in compliance with orders received, the Second Brigade, Col. C. It. Wever commanding, with one section of Battery B, First Michigan Artillery, moved down toward Coxs Bridge. After a sharp skirmish for one hour our men penetrated the swamps and thickets, and, obtain- ing a good position, succeeded in driving the enemy to the other side of the river. The enemy used artillery freely, having four guns in position, completely covering the bridge and narrow road leading to it. Our guns cohld not be used with effect, as we could not get a posi- tion in range for them. At 7.45 a. m. we had possession of the bridge and completed its destruction, which had already been commenced by the enemy, who fired it as they retired to the opposite side. At 8.30 a. m. I moved forward, following the Fourth Division, xvith the First Brigade and artillery, to Bentonville Cross-Roads, and placed my com- mand in line, as reserve, in rear of the First Division. The Second Brigade, which had been left at Coxs Cross-Roads as guard ftr the trains of the corps, came up with the same at 5 p. m. Our loss in the skirmish at Coxs Bridge was three wounded. One of the men has since died. March 21, position of command unchanged. March 22, the enemy having retreated during last night, the division ren~maiimed in camp. March 23, broke camp at 7.30 a. in.; marched via Falling Creek School-House and encamped at 3.30 p. ni. near Falling Creek, on Ever- ettsville road; distance marched, twelve miles; roads good. March 24, broke camp at 7 a in.; crossed Keuse River, near railroad bridge, on pontoons, marched through Golds borough, and encamped at 4 p. in. in line one mile east of town, the left of tIme command resting on the New Berne railroad~ dis , miles; weather clear amid windy. tamice marched nine In concluding my report, I beg to return my sincere thanks to Biig. Gen. XV. T. Clark, commanding First Brigade,~ and Col. C. It. Wever, commanding Second Brigade, as well as regimental commanders, for their active and cheerful co-operation duringthe most laborious cam- 21 R HVOL XLVII, PT Page 322 322 OPERATIONS IN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. HA. [CHAP. LIX. paign of ancient or modern history, taking into consideration the character of the country, with its innumerable -rivers and swamps, hitherto considered impassable by all military men, save our indomita- ble leader. The cheerful conduct of our men on their toilsome marches, making roads, wading streams and swamps, often up to their waists, almost daily, and during the last twenty days many of them without shoes, merits the highest consideration that can be given them. There can be no better soldiers. To my staffCapt. S. M. Budlong, assistant adjutant-general; Capt. H. Skinner, assistant quartermaster; Capt. Jasper Johnson, commis- sary of subsistence; Capt. J. W. Roberts, acting assistant inspector- general; Capt. J. E. Simpson, aide-de-camp; Lieut. Col. S. M. Archer, division officer of the day, and Capt. D. L. Weilman, provost-marshal I am much indebted for the efficient manner in which they have dis- charged their duties. I would respectfully recommend for promotion Col. John E. Tour- tellotte, Fourth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, for his soldierly quali- ties. His gallantry upon all occasions, particularly during the assault, October 5, 1864, upon Allatoona, Ga., when he was severely wounded, but remained at his post, which he commanded during the Atlanta campaign, merits consideration. I would also respectfully recommend that Capt. Syria M. Budlong, assistant adjutant-general, be promoted to the rank of major and assist- ant adjutant-general, for the able and efficient manner in which lie has discharged his duties. Captain Budlong has been, in all the battles of the West, from Fort Henry, Donelson, Shiloh (where he was severely wounded), Siege of Corinth, Mississippi campaign, all of the battles in rear of Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, Georgia and Carolina cam- paigns, and in all he has proven himself a worthy officer for the consid- eration of the War Department. The distance marched from Savannah Ga., is 485k miles, number of marching days 46, making an average of 1O~ miles per day. I also submit herewith reports of casualties, as received from brigade com- manders, and tabular statements of amount of forage and supplies, and number of horses, mules, and vehicles of all sorts taken from the coun- try, amount of property destroyed, including railroads, gin-houses, resin and turpentine factories, & c.; also number of rivers and swamps crossed, amount of work done by pioneer corps and command, number of prisoners captured, Federal officers and enlisted men, and white and colored refugees joined the command. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. E. SMITH, Brevet Major- General. Maj. MAX WOODHULL, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Fifteenth Army Corps. B~port of Ca8Ualtie8 in Third Division, Fifteenth Corps, since leaving Savannah, Ga. Commissioned Enlisted officers. men. Killed 1 6 Died of wounds 4 Died of disease 5 Drowned 1 Wounded Ceptured by the enemy - 2 8 Missing 10 Deserted 7 Aggregate, 54 Page 323 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 323 Refugees joined command from Colnmbia and other places, including men, women, and children, white and black. White: Adults 52 Children 38 Colored 730 Total 820 At Fayetteville the refugees were supplied with as follows, and sent under guard to Wilmington, N. C.: Days rations 4 Government wagon 1 Captured vehicles of all sorts 30 Animals: Horses 41 Mules 65 Harness in sufficient quantity for the animals. The number of carriages, buggies, wagons, and carts captured, and used principally for bringing forage into camp, is estimated to average one daily for each regiment; this would make in all 512. After deduct- ing 32 turned over to refugees, and 11 delivered by the division assist- ant quartermaster to Captain Lynch, there would remain 469 t~ be accounted for. They were ordered to be destroyed daily, as they would have encumbered the trains so as to have seriously embarrassed their movements. The following named property has been destroyed: South Carolina Railroad: Near Bamberg Station miles - 3 Between Grahams Turnout and Blackville do--- Total do--- Cotton: Under direction of division provost-marshal 1,400 By detachments of command 800 Total 2,200 Gins and presses: Gins a4 Presses.... 2 Whisky distilleries 2 Turpentine distilleries 2 Resin (b) Ordnance (c) Ordnance stores (c) Ammunition (c) Machinery (e) Pri8oner8 captured and Federal pri8oners escaped from the enemy and joined thi8 command. Confederate prisoners captured 50 Federal officers escaped from enemy and joined command d 10 Enlisted men escaped from enemy and joined command d 25 a A large ~inount of unbaled cotton was also destroyed. b A large quantity of resin was burned at different points on the road. c A large amount of ordnance, ordnance stores, ammuuition, and machinery was destroyed at Columbia, 5. C. 1 have no means of giving an estimate. ci The officers and men who escaped from the enemy and joined us were in a destitute condition. Their wants were partially supplied by our officers Page 324 324 OPERATIONS iN N. C., S. C., S. GA., AND E. FLA. [CHAP. LIX. Animals captured. Horses 83 Mules 81 Total a164 Forage for animals. Pounds. Corn 1, 000, 000 Fodder 500, 000 Total bi, 500,000 Commissary of subsistence department. This commalid nzi~rched from Savannah with the following supplies of rations: Number ~umber Articles, of of days rations, rations (full). Salt and fresh meat 81, 280 21 Hard bread 77, 400 19 13,700 34~ 179, 600 45 Salt. 134,400 34 The amount required, including sales to officers, was 4,000 rations per day. The command was out sixty-four days. The deficit was sup- plied from the country, as follows: 172,000 rations macat, or its equiva- lent in turkeys, chickens, geese, & c.; 180,000 rations breadstuffs, con- sisting principally of corn meal, ground by the command, as flour and iiieal were scarce amid hard to find. Sweet potatoes were also used as a substitute. It is fair to presume that the foragers did not confine themselves strictly to the army ration, but indulged in many of the luxuries found while gathering the substantials, and that the quantity of honey, preserves, and other et ceteras was quite large, but of which I can give imo estimate. Number of principal rivers, creeks, and miles of swamps crossed. Principal rivers: Savannah, New, Coosawhatchie, Tullifinny, Poco- taligo, Big Salkehatchie, Little Salkelmatchie, Broad, Wateree, Lynchs, Big Pedee, Cape Fear, Neuse, and Saluda Rivers; total, fourtech. Small creeks, varying from a few yards to 500 yards in width, lii nety- two. Swamps, exclusive of creeks, thirty-eight. The whole estimated at forty-seven miles. At all the rivers and creeks, with the exception of the Saluda, Broad, and Cape Fear iRivers, at the poiimts where we crossed, the banks were low and swampy; generally both sides had to be crossed on narrow causeways fromn one to two miles in length. Many of themn, however, had to be forded for the same distance. a The 164 animals reported were serviceable and weic branded and properly accounted for. At Kellys Ferry a large number (estimated at 150) of unserviceable aniinaht were taken from foragers and other mounted soldiers, and killed as worthless. There was also delivere(l to Capt. J. A. Lynch, at Goldsborougls, in compliance with orders from corps headquarters, 140 horses, 55 mules, 2 carriages, 5 buggies, and 4 carts. s whole amount was ,,athered from the country Page 325 CHAP. LIX.] THE CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 325 Work done by pioneer cor