TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 46 (Part I) AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1894 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B LI ff~ I v.4& ~JLj I II THE GIFT OF 9.7 Title Page Page R001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPiLATION OF THE OFFICIAL UFCOIIRDS OF THE UNiON AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PUBLiSHED UNDKR THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. DANIEL S. LAMONT, Secretary of War, BY MAJ. GEORGE B. DAViS, U. S. A., MR. LESLIE J. PERRY, MR. JOSEPH W. K1RKLEY, Board of Publication SERIES IVOLUME XLVIIN THREE PARTS. PART IREPORTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1894. Page R002 f Page R003 P~RE FACE. The work of preparing the records of the war for public use was begun under the resolution of Congress of May 19, 1864, by Adjt. Gen. E. ID. Townsend, U. S. Army, who caused copies to be made of reports of battles on file in his office and steps to be taken to collect missing records. Under the provisions of joint resolution No. 91, of 1866, Hon. Peter II. Watson was appointed to supervise the preparation and formulate a plan for the publication of the records, but he did no work and drew no pay under this appointment, which expired July 27, 1868, by limi- tation of the resolution. This resolution also repealed the former one and work ceased. - The first decisive step taken in this work was the act of June 23, 1874, providing the necessary means to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confederate Armies, and directing him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, tele- grams, and general orders, not heretofore copied or printed, and prop- erly arranged in chronological order. Appropriations have been made from time to time for coimtinuing such preparation. Under this act the preliminary work was resumed by General Townsend, who first out- lined the plan on which the records are printed, though it appears that originally he contemplated publishing to the world only the more im- portant military reports. Subsequently, under meager appropriations, it was prosecuted in a somewhat desultory manner by various subordinates of the War De- partment until December 14, 1877, when the Secretary of War, per- ceiving that the undertaking needed the undivided attention ~f a single head, detailed Lient. Col. Robert N. Scott, U. S. Army, to take charge of the bureau and devote himself exclusively to the work. The act of June 23, 1874, greatly eiilarged upon ~the first crude scheme of publication. On this more comprehensive basis it was de termined that the volumes should include not only the battle reports, but also all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. Colonel Scott system- Page R004 Iv PREFACE. atized the work and the plan and presented the records in the following order of arrangement, which has been adhered to by his successors: The first series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Confederate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all mil- itary operations in the field, with the correspondence, orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas. In this series the reports will be arranged according to the campaigns and sev- eral theaters of operations (in the chronological order of the events), and the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be immediately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, etc., not embraced in the reports proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order. The second series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military anthorities were concerned) to State or political prisoners. The third series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate offi- cials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General- in-Chief:, and of the chiefs of the several staff corps and departments; the calls for troops, and the correspondence between the National and the several State author- ities. The fourth series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and Confed- - erate authorities given in that series. The first volume of the records was issued in the early fall of 1880. The act approved Jnne 16, 1880, provided for the printing and bind- ing, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a com- pilation of the Official Records (Union and Confederate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year; and that of said number 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the ilonse of Representatives, 2,000 copics for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive De- partments. Under this act Colonel Scott l)roceeded to publish the first five volumes of the records.* *All subsequent volumes have been distributed under the act approved August 7, 1882, which provides that: The volumes of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion shall be distrib- uted as follows: One thousand copies to the Executive Departuients, as now pro- vided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the army and contributors to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary. of War to such libraries, organiza- tions, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty-seventh Congress. Each Senator shall designate not exceed- ing twenty-six, and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding twenty-one, of such addresses, an~ the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time us they are published, until the publication is completed. Senators, Representatives, and Dele- gates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the ,Secretary of War for cost of publication with ten per cent. added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall b Page R005 V PREFACE. Col. Robert N. Scott died March 5, 1887, before the completion of the work, which, during a ten years service, he had come to love so dearly. At his death some twenty-six books only had been issued, but he had compiled a large amount of matter for forthcoming volumes; conse- quently his name as compiler was retained in all the books up to and including Vol. XXXVI, although his successors had added largely to his compilations from new material found afler his demise. The Secretary of War, May 7, 1887, assigned Lient. Col. H. M. Lazelle, U. S. Army, to duty as the successor of Colonel Scott. He had con- tinued in charge about two years, when, in the act approved March 2, 1889, it was provided That hereafter the preparation and publication of said records shall be conducted, under the Secretary of War, by a board of three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of the Army, and two civilian experts, to be appointe(l by the Secretary of War, the compensation of said civilian experts to be fixed by the Secretary of War. The Secretary of War appointed Maj. George B. Davis, judge-advo- cate, U. S. Army, as the military member, and Leslie J. Perry, of Kan- sas, and Joseph W. Kirkley, of Maryland, as the civilian expert mem- bers of said board. The board assumed direction of the Publication at the commencement of the fiscal year 1889, its first work beginning with Serial ~o. 36 of Vol. XXIV. Each volume includes a copious and accurate index, arid for the fur- ther convenience of investigators there will be, in addition, a general index to the entire set when complete iii a volume by itself. Nothing is printed in these volumes except duly authenticated con- temporaneous records of the war. The scope of the boards work is to decide upon and arrange the matter to be published; to correct and verify the orthography of the papers used, and occasionally to add a foot-note of explanation. GEO. B. DAVIS, Major and J. A., U. S. A., LESLIE J. PERRY, Civilian Expert, JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY, Civilian Expert, - Board of Publication. Approved: REDFIELD PROCTOR, Secretary of War. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. C., A ugust 1,1891. covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address, the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives, or Delegates who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individuals. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore published have not been furnished to such libraries, organizations, and individuals. He shall also inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent Page R006 Table of Contents Page R007 CONTENTS. CHAPTER LVIII. Iago. Operations in Northern and Southeastern Virginia, North Carolina (January 131), West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 1-June 30, 1865 11326 (vii Page R008 Additions and Corrections Page A001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF ThE OFFICIAL RECORDS ()1 TIlE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. AI)i)IT IONS XNI) (X9RI{ECTIONS TO SERIES 1VOLUXE XLVI. (To be inserted in. the volume. For explanabtion see G-eriera). Index volume, Serial ~o. 130, page XXVIII.) PUBLISHEI) UNDER TILE I)IREcrION OF The Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AINSWORTH, CHIEF OF TIlE RECORD AND 1~ENSION OFFICE, WAll AND MR. JOSEPh W. KIRKLEY. DEPARTMENT, lUr. JOHN S. 1~IOODEY, Indexer. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902 Page A002 2 Page 423. Page 1275. Page 1340. Page 1347. Page Page Page Page ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. TEXT. PART i. Erase foot-note Nolfm;id and insert Omi//ed. Barringers Brigade, for 1/h Nor/h Garolina rea(l y/Ie Nor/li Garolina. For Overneyers read Overmeyer s. For Woodson s (Blake L. ) Infan/ry. See Virc~rin Ia Troops, Gonfederale, ~~/li Ba//a/ion, rea(l Woodsons (Gharles H.) Gavairy. See Missouri Troops, Gonfederale. PART 2. Pages 1183, J273. Dearings Brigade, for job n lloyd Edelin read Thomas Boyd Edelin. Page 1263. Second line, top, for Ghisman read Gb risman. Page 1341. For Overmyers rea(l Overmeyers. Page 1352. Insert Woodsons (Gbarles H.) Gavalry. See Missouri Troops, Gon- federale. PART 3. I 13. Grant to Mea(le, first line, for received rea(l reques/ed. 250. Erase foot-note anti insert See .Series I, Vol. 51, larl s, p. 1208. 516. Forsyth to Huinphrevs, secoli(l line, for [hall] read camp. S87. Stanton to Halleck, April 22, 1865-2.30 p. lii. This telegram was printed from copy received by General Ilalleek. The original draft, in Mr. Stantons handwriting, on file in War Department, reads as follows: I bur /rlegram of Ibis morning 1mw/lea/es lii cii Shermans agreemeni wi/h johns/on is no/ known lo you. I/is ac/ion is disapproved and he is ordered /o resume hos/ili/ics immedia/elv. Bul his order /o S/one- man will allow I)a zis /o escape wi/h his plunder. I will wri/e you /he de/ails. Halleek to Stanton, i a. in., ninth line, for special read specie. For Gap/. john J. zibererombie read Go/john j. z-lbererombie, wherever it ocenrs. Note, May 17, 1865, for Vol. /9 rea(l Vol. yS. For Ozermyers read Overmeyers. Page 990. I~age 1051. Page 1165. Page 1408. INI)EX. Insert ail words and figures in lin/ics and strike ont all iii [brackets]. An asterisk (*) following a correction indicates that , Additions and Corrections to thc text slionid he consnlted. References are to parts of volnine. Archer,JnninsL. [ ] Ben/c/on S/a/ion, Va. Opera/ions a/not, Marc/c 38, z86j 8cc JV~crren/on, c/c lIcall, Jo/icc E [Captain] Becic/eu/ci [nachtold], Wilhelm von Beckwith, Sainnel H. Correspondence with Gran/, U S.. Mrs., ~ I Beekwitli, Saninel H. For corresi)on(lencc, see U. S. Grant.] Boc/ocer [Badiner], Marcns Ba//onus Bridge, Va. Scocci /o, Jan. 30, i86~. L~omnccociccc/ioccs from J. Longs/ree/, 11611163 Part. ~ nragg, liraxton. Correspondence with Picc/ccccv [Pincknev] , R. F 2 lirceic [lireer], George W 2 llrown, Joseph A. [II.] 2 Ilrowic, Richard A. Jor (arc c.tpoicdciccc as .~1. .4. .1. G., see Ne/ socc .1. i/i/es 3 [llrown, Richard A. For corresl)oiidence as A. A. A. G., see Nelson A. Miles.] 2 Brown, iVi//iccoc harvey, ~6~ 11ro~vn, XVil liani 11., [564] Cen/revi//e, Ku. Opera/ioccs a/cocc/, A/arc/c y8, z86~. See 2 JVacrecc/occ, c/c Part. 3 3 3 Page A003 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Chapnian, Edmund [Edward] D Chase, Governor, Steamer, 72 [Chase, George, Steamer, 72] Chase, Governor, Steamer Clement [Clemnents], B. C Congress, C S. Correspondence wi/li J. Davis, i~ L~owles, William H. H., zi~~ Drane [Dram], Henry M Fish [Fish], John Flanoga n, Joseph .1/., iou Fletcher, Stephen C., ~.,j; Fleming, James E., Mentioned, [744] Freaner, Genige, z~o~ [Treanor, R. F., 1305]... Fr~, David [Colonel] Georgia Troops. Artillery, HeavyBattalions: [iSth, 1025, 1112] InfantryBattalions: iS/li, ios~, 1112 Gilder, JUillinin H. [Will] Governor Chase, Steamer, 72 [Chase, George, Steamer, 72] Governor Uliose, S/earner, 6~, 203 Gozeen [Gowaii], George W Grant, U. S. Correspondence witll [Grant, U. S., Mrs., 757] Grant, U. S., Mrs. Correspondence with S. H. 1leekwi/h [U. S. Grant] Grigg, Benjamin F., 1236 [1226] JIil/1llnr/on,james D. [Halliborton, J. D.] ... Harman, 7i1. G. Men/inned, 1208, 1209 [Harman, Michael, 120S, 1209] 2 Hihhs, William [Major] 3 Hill, George H. (sd N H.), [1035] 3 Hill, George H. (jr/h Pa.), 1035 3 Holway, Daniel .V. [M.] 2 Hopper, George F., 1028 [IoS2] 3 Kenned~, John A. [H.] 3 Kessler [Kesler], Joseph R. [K.] 2 Kizer, BenjaniinJ. [I.] 2 Lamar, Thompson [Thomas] B 2 l.a Point, George W., 767 [m7] Latrohe, Osmnn [Osman] I, 2, 3 Lee, S. Smi/h [Smith S.] 3 Longstreet, James. Correspondence with Latrohe, Osman [Osman] Lee, S. .Smni/h [Smith S.] Mohen John C. [Maher, Captain] MacDiarmid [MeDearmid], John Maillefert, Benjamin [ ] Mann, A. [R.] Dodley Mason, Robert F. [George] Menzler, Charles, 739 [7~~] AfCsonri Tm oops (C.). Uavalry L~ompanies: Woodsons, 351 Woodsons, 273, 278, 285. 309, 113. 169, 985. Mi/chell, John, 170/h N Y., 567 Mitchell, John, ~th U. S. Art., [567] 3 Part Part. 2 Morray, Rober/ [Marshal] 3 .Va,isemond, U. .S~. S., jq; Nansemond, C.S.S., [414] 2 Navy Department, C. S. 3 Correspondence with Pinknev [Piockney], R. F 2 2 .Vezo fronsides, U. 5. 5., 137 I North Carolina Troops (C.). 2 j CavalryRegiments: I 4th, [1275]* I 2 5/h, 127.5* I lnfantryReginlents: 2 1st Jonior Reserves, 1)16 2 [1st Reserves, 1016] 2 2 OKeeffe [OKeefe], Joseph i Overmever [Overmyer], John B 1,2,3 [Pace, Joseph W., 1041] 2 2 Paine, Charles J. Mentioned, /25 [Payne, Charles J., 425].... 2 Mentioned, .337 [Paine, Thomas J., 337] 2 PanI, Alimeit [ ] 2 Pegram, John, 382; Pegraln, William J., I [~8i] 2 Peirce, W. IV. [E.] 2 2, 3 Pinkucy [Pinckney], R. F 2 Pocahontas Coonty, IV. Va Pratt, Williani M. [(Major)], 272 [Pratt, 3 William M. (Lientenant), 272] 2 Richmond, Va. Evacoation of, April 2 [rd], 1865 ~ Ridd, James S. 2 Correspondeiice with Henry H. Walker, 2 1385 [1387] 3 Ritchey, John I)., 318. [Richey, John L., 348]. Rose, Lanrin [Lawrin] L i Salem, Va. Opera/ions abou/, A/arch 38, 1865. See IVarren/on, e/c 2 Sanni/ers [Sanders], J. E i .SThickhard/ [Shickhardt], Henry 3 Schnltze, Otto Julian Scott, Thomas A., Steamer Shaffner [Schaffner], Tal. P Sketches. Bombproof Fort Uaswell, N. 0, 197 2 .Sluoi/ [Stewart], Buchanan & Co 2 Sulphur Springs, Va. Operations about, March 3-8, 186g. See Warren/on, etc 2 Thonias, George IV., 1273; rhoIllas, George H., 2 Mentioned, [1273] 3 Thomas, James S. [H.] 3 2 Towle [Towles], George F I Trowbridge, IVilliam P. [ ] 2 1, 2 Van Rensselaer, William V 2 Virginia Troops (C.). i InfantryBattalions: [45th, 451] I 45t11, [273, 278, 285, 309, 413, 469, 985] 2 IVelliord [Welford], Philip A 2 Wood, Williani (8/h N. F. Hay. Art.), 365.... 2 Wood, William (9th N. F. Hvy. Art.), [365].. Woodruff, Dickinson [James] Page A004 Special Index Page R009 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME I. CHAPTER I. Page. Operations in Charleston Harbor. South Carolina. IDecemher 20, 1860April 14, 1861 1317 CHAPTER II. The secession of Georgia. January 3-26, 1861 318325 CHAPTER III. The secession of Alabamnand Mississippi. January 420, 1861 326330 CHAPTER IV. Operationsin Florida. January 6-August 31, 1861 331-473 CHAPTER F Page. The secession of North Carolina. Janu ary 9-May 20, 1861 474488 CHAPTER Fl. The secession of Louisiana. January 10- February 19, 1861 489501 CHAPTER FIT. Operations in Texas and New Mexico. February 1-June 11, 1861 502636 CHAPTER VIII. Operations in Arkansas, the Indian Terri- tory, and Missouri. Fehruary7May 9, 1861 637691 VOLUME II. CHAPTER IX. Page. Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Firginia, and West Firginia. April 16Jnly 31, 1861. 1-1012 VOLUME III. CHAPTER X. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10November 19, 1861. 1-749 VOLUME IV. CHAPTER XI. Page. Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. June 11,1861February 1,1862. 1-174 CHAPTER XII. Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1-November 19, 1861 175565 CHAPTER XIII. Page. Operations in North Carolina and South- eastern Virginia. August 1, 1861-Janu ary 11, 1862 566-721 VOLUME V. CHAPTER XIF. Page. Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. Augnst 1,1861March 17,1862. 11106 VOLUME VI. CHAPTER XV. Operations on the coasts of South Caro- lina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. August 21,1861April 11,1862. Page. CHAPTER XVI. Page. Operations in West Florida, Southern Al- abama, Southern Mississippi, and Lou 1435 isiana. September 1, 1861May 12, 1862 436894 VOLUME VII. CHAPTER XVII Page. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. November 19, 1861-March 4, 1862 1946 I Page R010 X CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME VIII. CHAPTER XVIII. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. Nov. 19, 1861April 10, 1862. 1834 VOLUME IX. CHAPTER XIX. Page. CHAPTER XXI. Page. Operations in Southeastern Virginia. Jan- Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and uary 11March 17, 1862 1-71 Arizona. February iSeptember 20, CHAPTER XX. 1862 481-736 Operations in North Carolina. January 11August 20, 1862 72480 VOLUME XIN TWO PA RTS. CHAPTER XXII. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Mississippi, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. March 4June 10, 1862. Page. Part IReports 1~7 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1642 VOLuME XIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIIJ. The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. March 17-September 2, 1862. Page. Part IReports, March 17-June 24 11077 Part IlReports, June 25-September 2. Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1994 1691 VOLUME XIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIV. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. March l7-September 2,1862. Page. Part IReports, March 17-June 25 1-818 Part I IReports, June 26September 2 1820 Part IllCorrespondence, etc - 1-966 VOLUME XIII. CHAPTER XXV. Page~ Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indiau Territory, and the Department of the Northwest. April l& -November 20, 1862 1-981 VOLUME XIV. CHAPTER XXVI. Page. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. April 12, 1862June 11, 1863 11025 VOLUME XV. CHAPTER XXVII. Page. Operations in WestFlorida, Southern Alabama, Southerii Mississippi (embracin~ all operations against Vicksburg, May 18-July 27, 1862), and Louisiana, May 12, 1862-May 14, 1863; and operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. September 20, 1862May 14, 1863 1113 Page R011 XI CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XVIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXVIII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. June 10October 31, 1862. Page. Part 1Reports 1-1168 Part 1I~~Correspondence, etc 1-1017 VOLUME XVIIYN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXIX. Operations in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. June 10, 1862January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-807 Part II~Correspondence, etc 1-916 VOLUME XVIII. CHAPTER XXX. Page. Operations in North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia. August 20, 1862-June 3, 1863 1-1104 VOLUME XIXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXI. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. September 3-Novem ber 14, 1862. Page. Part IReports, September 320 1-1108 Part 11Reports, September 20-November 14; Correspondence, etc., September 3-Novem- ber 14... 1-739 VOLUME XXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. No veinber 1, 1862-January 20, 1863. Page. Part 1Reports 1-997 Part 11Correspondence, etc 1516 VOLUME XXI. CHAPTER XXXIII. Page. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. November 15, 1862January 25, 1863 11152 VOLUME XXIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIV. Operations in Misaouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the North west. November 20, 1862December Ii, 1861. Page. Part 1Reports 1-926 Part 11Correspondence, etc 1-116 Page R012 XII CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XXIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXV. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. Jan uary 21August 10, 1863. Page. Part IReports Part IfCorrespondence, etc 19-6 VOLUME XXIVIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVI. Operations in Mississippi and West Tennessee, including those in Arkansas and Louisiana connected with the Siege of Vicksburg. January 20August 10, 1863. Page. Part IReports, January 20May 15, including the General Reports for whole period. January 20-August 10 1-787 Part IlReports, May 16-Au~,ust 10 1-699 Part Ill-Correspondence, etc 11070 VOLUME XXVIN TWO PAR~TS. CHAPTER XXXVII. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 26June 3, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-1123 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-862 VOLUME XXVJIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVIII. Operations in West Florida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico. May 14December 31, 1863. Page. Part 1Reports, Union Correspondence, etc 1-920 Part II Confederate Correspondence, etc 1581 VOLUME XXVIJIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIX. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Department of the East. June 3-August 3, 1861. Page. Part fReports -. 11059 Part IlReports -- -. 11005 Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1--1092 VOLUME XXVIIJIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XL. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia, and in Middle and East Florida. June 12 December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-755 Part lICorrespondence, etc 1609 VOLUME XXJXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLI. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4De cember 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports 11018 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-93 Page R013 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING YOLUMES~ XIII VOLUME XXXIN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLH. Operations in Kentucky, Soutliwdst Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11October 19, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-1071 Iart LIReports 1821 Part IllUnion Correspondence, etc 11017 Part IV.Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-768 VOLUME XXXIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. October 20December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports and Union Correspondence 1-852 Part IlReports - - 1782 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-893 VOLUME XXXIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIV. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia. January 1-April 30, 1864. Page. Part I--Reports 1-703 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1833 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1879 VOLUME XXXIII. CHAPTER XLV. Page. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Jan. nary 1April 30, 1864 11335 VOLUME XXXIVIN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLVI. Operations in Louisiana and the Trans-Mississippi States and Territories. January 1-June 30, 1864. Page. Part IReports 11058 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 11107 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1835 Part IVUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1701 VOLUME XXXVIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLVII. - Operations in South Carolina and Florida, and on the Georgia Coast. January 1November 13, 1864. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-646 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 165 Page R014 XIV CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XXXVI4N THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLVIII. Operations in Sontheastern Virginia and North Carolina. May 1-June 12, 1864. Pare. Part IReports Part IlReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-1027 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1903 VOLUME XXXVIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLIX. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. May 1A ugiist 1, 1864. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1770 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1606 VOLUME XXXVIIIIN FIVE PARTS. CHAPTER L. The Atlanta, Ga., Campaign. May 1-September 8, 1864. Page. Part IReports 1936 Part lIReports 1-930 Part IllReports 1-1008 Part IYUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1807 Part VUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 11031 VOLUME XXXIXIN ThREE PARTS. CHAPTER LI. Operations in Kentucky, Sonthwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia Ithe Atlant.a Campaign excepted). May 1-November 11, 1864. Page. Part IReports 1908 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1889 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1918 VOLUME XLJN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER LII. Operations in Southeastern Virginia and North Carolina. Jotie 13-July 31, 1864. Page~ Part IReports 1823 Part lI-Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-717 Part Ill-Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-823 VOLUME XLIJN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER LIII. Operations in Louisiana and the Trans-Mississippi States and Territories. July 1December 31, 1864. Page. Part IReports 11~6 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence etc 11099 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence etc 1-1015 Part IVUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1114 Page R015 XV CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XLIIIiNT THREE PARTS. CHAPTER LIV. Operations in Southeastern Virginia and North Carolina. August 1-December 31, 1864. Page. Part IReports 11029 Part lIUnion and Confederate Correspondence 1-1311 Part 111Union and Confederate Correspondence 1-1370 VOLUME XLIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER LV. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Penns3lVaflid August 4-December 31, 1864. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-1032 Part lIUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1951 VOLUME XLIV. CHAPTER LVI. Page. Operations in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. November 141)eceiuher 31, 1804 11013 VOLUME XLV. CHAPTER LVII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia. November 14, 1864January 23, 1865. Page. Part IReports, Union an~1 Confederate Correspondence etc 1-1262 Part IlUnion and Confederate CorrespOndence. etc 1-80 Page R016 4 a 4 1 IN1S~I-~ 9 ~ ~ ~ ~~tN~V1. ~ ~t~vioo~-~ Sunday. , ~ ~ ~ ~ -- O~o~e~t~ Monday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~--1: ~ Tuesday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Wednesday. -~ ~ ~ Thursday. ~ ~ ~ ~ Friday. ~: ~: ~ ~ ~~oo~: ~ Saturday. o w 4 o o o c.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Sunday. ~ Monday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Tuesday. ~ ~ ~ ~ Wednesday. C)~t~~~ I~~~I~ IN~Iy~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .-1o rhiirsday. C;! ~ -.1 0 0 C;~ CO C;! 00 ~ 00 ~ ~ -~ 0 C;~ ~) CO ~ CO ZND C;! CO IQ IN~ ~ 4~ IND IND ~ C;! !~- -1 Friday. Saturday Page 1 CHAPTER LYIIi. OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA (JANUARY 1 TO 31), WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA. January i-June 30, 1865. PART I. SUMMAHY 0)3 TIHE PIRINCIIPAiL EVEINTS.* Jan. 1Apr. 3, 1865.The Richmond (Virginia) Campaign. 2, 1865.Scout from Benvards Mills to Soath Quay, Va. 317, 1865.Expedition to and capture of Fort Fisher, N. C., and its (lepend- encies. 7, 1865.The Second Division, Nineteenth Army Corps, leaves the Slien- andoah Valley, Va., en route to Savannah, Ga. 11, 1865.Capture of U. S. Forces at Beverly, W. Va. 1115, 1865.Scout from New Creek through Greenland Gap to Franklin, W. Va. 12, 1865.The State of North Carolina merged into the Department of the South. 16, 1865.The State of North Carolina designated as the District of North Carolina in the Department of the South. 18; 1865.Affair near Lovettsville, Va. 19, 1865.Reconnaissance to Myrtle Sound and skirmish at half-Moon Bat- tery, N. C. 31, 1865.The Department of North Carolina constituted, to consist of the State of North Carolina, and Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, U. S. Army, assigned to its conunand. Feb. 1, 1865 .Bvt. Brig. Gen. William W. Morris, U. S. Army, in temporary com- mand of the Middle Department. 3, 1865.Affair near Harpers Ferry, W. Va. 46, 1865.Expedition from Winchester, Va., to Moorefield, W. Va. 5, 1865.Skirmish at Charlestown, W. Va. 67, 1865.Scout from Fairfax Court-House to Brentsville, Va. 9, 1865.General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Con- federate Armies. 11, 1865.Affair at Williamsburg, Va. 1115. 1865.Expedition from Bermuda Hundred to Fearnsville and Smith- field, Va. 1317, 1865.Expedition from Camp Russell (near Winchester) to Edenburg and Little Fort Valley, Va., and skirmishes. 1516, 1865.Scout from Fairfax Court-House to Aldie and Middleburg, Va. (1) 1 R RVOL XLVI, PT I * Of some of the minor conflicts noted in this Summary no circumstantial reports are on file Page 2 2 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CnAP. LVIII. Feb. 1819, 1865.Expedition from Camp Averell (near Winchester) into Loudoun County, Va., and skirmish (19th) at Ashbys Gap. Scout in Prince William County, Va. 21, 1865.Raid on Cumberland, Md. 2324, ~865.Expedition from Yorktown to West Point, Va. 26, 1865.Maj. Gen. W infield S. Hancock, U. S. Army, assigned to the corn- maud of the Department of West Virginia, and temporarily of all the troops of the Middle Military Division not under the im- mediate command of Major-General Sheridan. 27Mar. 28, 1865.Expedition from Winchester to the front of Petersburg, Va. 27Apr. 23, 1865.Operations in the Shenandoah Valley. Mar. 38, 1865.Operations about Warrenton, Bealeton Station, Sulphur Springs, Salem, and Centerville, Va. 5-5, 1865.Expedition from Fort Monroe to Fredericksburg, Va. 7, 1865.Skirmish near Flint Hill, Va. 1011, 1865.Expedition from Suffolk, Va., to Murfrees Depot, N. (2., with skirmish (10th) at South Quay, Va. 1113, 1865.Expedition from Fort Monroe into Westmoreland Conuty, Va., with skirmish (12th) near Warsaw, Va. 12, 1865.Skirmish near Peach Grove, Va. 1214, 1865.Scout in Loudoun County, Va. 1416, 1865. Scout from Philippi to Carricks Ford, ~V. Va. 1417, 1865.Scout from New Creek to Moorefield, W. Va. 18, 1865.Skirmish near Dranesyille, Va. 22, 1865.Skirmish near Pattersons Creek Station, W. Va. 28April 11, 1865.Expedition from Deep Bottom, Va., to near Weldon, N. C., with skirmishcs. 29April 9, 1865.The Appomattox (Virginia) Campaign. Apr. 3, 1865.President Abraham Lincoln visits Petersburg, Va. 4,1865.Capture of the steamer Harriet De Ford, near Fair Haven, C hesa- peake Bay, Md. President Abraham Lincoln visits Richmond, Va. 8-10,1865.Scout from Vienna into Loudoun County, Va. Scout from Fairfax Court-House into Loudoun County, Va. 10,1865.Skirmishes near Burkes Station and at Arundels Farm, Va. 14, 1865.President Abraham Lincoln murderously assaulted by J. Wilkes Booth at Fords Theater, Washington, D. C. 15, 1865.Death of President Abraham Lincoln from injuries received at the hands of J. Wilkes Booth. 1523, 1865.Scout through the counties of Randolph and Pocahontas, W. Va., and of Bath and Highland, Va. 19, 1865.Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace, U. S. Army, resumes command of the Middle Department. The Military Division of the James organized, to consist of the Department of Virginia and such parts of North Carolina not occupied by the command of General Sherman, and including the Army of the Potomac, and Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, U. S. Army, assigned to the command of the division. 22, 1~65.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Military Division of the James. 23-29, 1865.Expedition from Burkeville and Petersburg to Danville and South Boston, Va. 26, 1865.Capture of J. Wilkes Booth and David E. Herold, at Garretts Farm, near Port Royal, Va Page 3 O~i. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 3 Apr. 26-May 5, 1865.Operations in the Shenandoah Valley, Va. May 614, 1865.Expedition from Richmond to Staunton and Charlottesville, Va. 23, 1865.The Army of the Potomac reviewed in the city of Washington, D.C. June 113, 1865.Expedition through Pocahontas and Pendleton Counties, XV. Va., and Highland County, Va. 3, 1865.The Sixth Army Corps reviewed in the city of Washington, D. C. 27, 1865.Maj. Gen. George G. Meade assigned to the command of the Military Division of the Atlantic; Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, to the Department of the East; Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, to the Middle Department; Maj. Gen. Christopher C. Augur, to the Department of Washington; and Maj. Gen. Alfred H. Terry, to the Department of Virginia. 30, 1865.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, U. S. Army, relinquishes command of the Military Division of the James. JANUARY 1-APRIL 3, 1865.The Richmond (Virginia) Campaign.* SUMMARY OY TIlE PHINCIPAiL EV ~ Jan. 2, 1865.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Samuel XV. Crawford, U. S. Army, in temporary command of the Fifth Army Corps. Brig. Gen. Charles Devens, U. S. Army, in ten1~)orary command of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps. 8, 1865.Maj. Gen. Edward 0. C. Ord, U. S. Army, assumes conimand of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina and Army of the James, vice Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, relieved. 9, 1865.Skirmish near Disputanta Station. 11, 1865.Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, U. S. Army, resumes command of the Army of the Potomac. 12, 1865.Maj. Gen. John G. Parke, U. S. Army, resuames command of the Ninth Army Corps. 15, 1565.Maj. Gen. John Gibbon, U. S. Army, assumes eommnand of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps. 17, 1865.Bvt. Maj. Gen. George W. Getty, U. S. Army, iii temporary coni- maud of the Sixth Army Corps. 2324, 1865.Action at Fort Brady, James River. 24, 1865.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Orlando B. Wilicox, U. S. Army, in temporai~y command of the Ninth Arumy Corps. 25, 1865.Skirmish near Powhatan. 27, 1865.Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren, U. S. Army, resumes command of the Fifth Army Corps. 30, 1865.Scout to Long Bridge and Bottoms Bridge. Feb. 2, 1865.Maj. Gen. John G. Parke, U. S. Army, resumes command of the Ninth Army Corps. 57, 1865.Battle of Hatchers Run (otherwise known as Dabneys Mill, Armstrongs Mill, Rowanty Creek, and Vaughan Road). 6, 1865.Maj. Gen. Edward 0. C. Ord, U. S. Army, assigned to the com- mand of the Department of Virginia. 14, 1865.Maj. Gen. Horatio G. Wright, U. S. Army, resumes command of the Sixth Army Corps. * Continued from Vo]s. XL and XLII, and, in addition to the separate events here enumerate(l, em bracing the siege of Petersburg and Richmond Page 4 4 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W, VA., MD., AND PA. tCHAP. LVIII. Mar. 25, 1865.Assault on Fort Stedman. Action at the Watkins House. Action at Fort Fisher. 29, 1865.Engagement at Lewis Farm, near Gravelly Run.* Skirmish at the junction of the Quaker and Boydton Roads.* Skirmish on the Vaughan Road, near Hatchers Run. 30, 1865.Skirmishes on the line of Hatchers Run and Gravelly Run. * Skirmish near Five Forks.* 31, 1865.Engagement at the White Oak Road, or White Oak Ridge. Action at Hatchers Run, or Boydton Road. Action at Crows house. Engagement at Diuwiddie Court-House. * Apr. 1. 1865.Battle of Five Forks. * Skirmish at the White Oak Road. 2, 1865.Engagement at Sutherlands Station, South Side Railroad. * Assault upon and capture of fortifie4 lines in front of Peters- hurg.* Skirmish at Gravelly Ford, on Hatchers Run. Action at Scotts Cross-Roads. * 3, 1865.Occupation of Richmond and Petersburg hy the Union forces. REPORTS, ETC.I No. 1.Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding Arniies of the United States, including operations March, 1864May, 1865. No. 2. AJ)stract from tn-monthly returns, showing the present for duty equipped, or effective strength of the armies operating against Richmond, under Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, for January 31, Fehruary 28, March 20, March 31, and April 10, 1865. No. 3.Return of casualties in the Union Forces at Hatchers Run (otherwise known as Dahneys Mill, Armstrongs Mill, Rowanty Creek, and Vaughan Road) and Fort Stedman. No. 4.Itineraries of the Army of the Potomimac, Sheridans Cavalry Command, and the Army of the James. No. 5.Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Poto- umac, of operations February 57 and March 25. No. 6.Bvt. Col. James C. Duane, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, of operations January 14February 25. No. 7.Bvt. Lieut. Col. Nathaniel Michler, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, of operations March 11-18. No. 8.Maj. Frank W. Hess, Tlmir4 Pennsylvania Cavalry, of operations February 57. No. 9.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Heniy L. Abbot, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, com- manding Siege Train, of operations January 1March 31. No. 10.Maj. George Ager, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 11.Capt. Henry H. Pierce, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Fort Brady, of operations January 2325. No. 12.Capt. William C. Faxon, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Fort Emery, of operations March 25. No. 13.Licut. Henry A. Pratt, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Batteries Parsons and Wilcox, of operations .Jmmmiuary 2324. * Reports of events suhseqnent to March 28 are included in the Appomattox Cam- paign, for which see p. 557. tSee also report of Surg. Thomas A. MeParlin, p. 607; of Asst. Surg. Elias J. Marsh, p. 618; and of Asst. Surg. Charles Smart, p. 692 Page 5 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 5 No. 14.Lieut. Frank D. Bangs, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Battery No. 5, of operations March 25. No. 15.Lient. Henry D. Patterson, First Connecticut heavy Artillery, commanding Fort Morton, of operations March 25. No. 16.Lient. Ebenezer P. Mason, First Connecticut Heavy.Artillery, commanding Battery Sawyer, of operations January 2324. No. 17.Lient. John OBrien, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Bat- tery No. 4, of operations March 25. No. 18.Lient. Robert Lewis, First Connecticut Heavy Ar~tillery, commanding Com- pany L, of operations Mardi 25. No. 19.Lieut. Azro Drown, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery. commanding Bat- tery No. 9, of operations March 25. No. 20.Lieut. William H. H. Bin~ham, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, of oper- ations March 25. No. 21.Licut. James H. Casey, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 22.Lient. Charles N. Silliuan, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Battery Spofford, of operations January 24. No. 23.Lieut. George Booth, Ninth Battery Massachusetts Light Artillery, of oper- ations March 25. No. 24.Capt. Joseph W. B. Wright, Fourteenth Battery Massachusetts Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 25.Bvt. Maj. Christian Woerner, Third Battery New Jersey Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 26.Capt. Samuel A. McClellan, Battery G, First New York Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 27.Lient. Thomas C. Rice, Battery B, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 28.-Lieut. Valentine H. Stone, Batteries C and I, Fifth U. S. Artillery, of oper- ations March 25. No. 29.Maj. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys, U. S. Army, commanding Second Army Corps, of operations February 511. No. 30.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Nelson A. Miles, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations February 57 and March 25. No. 31.Col. George W. Scott, Sixty-first New York Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 32.Capt. Patrick H. Bird, Twenty-eighth Massachusetts Infantry, Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 33.Capt. William H. Terwilliger, Sixty-third New York Infantry, of oper- ations March 25. No. 34.Lient. Col. James J. Smith, Sixty-ninth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 35.Capt. John Smith, Eighty-eighth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 36.Col. George von Schack, Seventh New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 37.Col. Augustus Funk, Thirty-ninth New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 35.Maj. Jacoh Schen, Seventh New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 39.Maj. John McE. Hyde, Thirty-ninth New fork Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 40.Lient. Col. Henry M. Karples, Fifty-second New York Infantry, of oper- ations March 25. No. 41.Lient. Col. Lewis W. Husk, One hundred and eleventh New York Infantry, of operations March 25 Page 6 6 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIIL No. 42.Capt. I. Hart Wilder, One hundred and twenty-sixth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 43.Bvt. Brig. Gen. John Ramsey~ Eighth New Jersey Infantry, commanding Fourth Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 44.Lient. Col. William Glenny, Sixty.fonrth New York Infantry, of operations February 5-7. No. 45.Col. William M. Mintzer, Fifty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 57. No. 46.Lieut. Col. George C. Anderson, Fifty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 47.Col. St. Clair A. Muiholland, One hundred and sixteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 57. No. 48.Capt. James H. Hamlin, One hundred and forty-fifth Pennsylvania In- fantry, of operations February 57. No. 49.Capt. Alfred A. Ehinehart, One hundred and forty-eighth Pennsylvania In- fantry, of operations March 25. No. 50.Maj. Seward F. Gould, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery, of operations February 57. No. 31.Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Smyth, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations February 511. No. 52.Brig. Gen. William Hays, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations March 25. No. 53.Col. William A. Olinsted, Fifty-ninth New York Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations February 5-7. No. 54.Lient. Col. Joseph W. Spaulding, Nineteenth Maine infantry, of oper- ations February 511. No. 55.Lient. Col. Edmund Rice, Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry, of oper- ations February 57. No. 56.Lient. Col. Arthur R. Curtis; Twentieth Massachusetts Infantry, of oper- ations February 57. No. 57.Licut. Col. George W. La Point, Seventh Michigan Infantry, of operations February 57 No. 58.Capt. Frank Houston, First Minnesota Infantry, of operations February ali. No. 59.Lient. Col. James A. .Jewefl, Fifty-ninth New York Infantry, of operations February 5-7. No. 60.Capt. Charles H. Dygert, One hundred and fifty-second New York Infantry, of operations February 511. No. 61.Col. John H. Stox-er, One hundred and eighty-fourth Pennsylvania In- fantry, of operations February 3-li. No. 62.Lient. Col. Clement E. Warner, Thirty-sixth Wisconsin infantry, of oper- ations February 57. No. 63.Col. Mathew Murphy, One hundred and eighty-second New York Infantry (Sixty-ninth National Guar4 Artillery), commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 5. No. 64.Col. Jamcs P. Mclvor, One hundred and seventieth New York Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 65.Lient. Col. Francis E. Pierce, One hundred and eighth New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 5-7. No. 66.Lient. Col. Samuel A. Moore, Fourteenth Connecticut Infantry, of oper- ations February 511. No. 67.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Gershom Mott, lJ. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations February 57. No. 68.Brig. Gen. Regis de Trobriand, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations February 5-9 Page 7 7 CHAP. LVIII.1 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. No. 69.Capt. John XV. Shafer, Twentieth Indiana Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 70.Col. Russell B. Shepherd, First Maine Heavy Artillery, of operations March25. No. 71-Lient. Col. Madison M. Cannon, Fortieth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 72.Capt. James McKenna, Seventy-third New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 73.Lient. Col. Nathan H. Vincent, Eighty-sixth New York Infantry, of oper- ations March 25. No. 74.Lient. Col. Charles H. Weygant, One hundred and twenty-fourth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 75.Capt. Frederick XV. Lewis, Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper- ations March 25. No. 76.Capt. John B. Fite, One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper- ations March 25. No. 77.Bvt. Brig. Gen. George W. West, Seventeenth Maine Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 78.Brig. Gen. Byron R. Pierce, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 79.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Robert McAllister, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry, com- manding Third Brigade, of operations February 56 and March 25 No. 80.Capt. James F. Mansfield, Eleventh Massachusetts Infantry, of operations February 57. No. 51.Lient. Col. Charles C. Rivers, Eleventh Massachusetts Infantry, of oper- ations March 25. No. 52.Col. Francis Price, Seventh New Jersey Infantry, of operations February 57 and March 25. No. 53.Maj. Henry Hartford, Eighth New Jersey Infantry, of operations Febru- ary 57 and March 2526. No. 54.Lieut. Col. John Schoonover, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry, of operations February 5. No. 85.Capt. Charles F. Gage, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 56.Lient. Col. Abram L. Lockwood, One hundred and twentieth New York Infantry, of operations February 57. No. 57.Maj Walter F. Scott, One hundred and twentieth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 58.Bvt. Lient. Col. John G. Hazard, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, com- manding Artillery Brigade, of operations February 57 and March 25. No. 59.Bvt. Capt. John W. Roder, Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, of operations February 5-11. No. 90.Lient. Edward S. Smith, Fifteenth Battery New York Light Artillery, com- manding section Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, of operations Feb- ruary 6-11. No. 91.Maj. Gen. Qonvernetir K. Warren, U. S. Army, commanding Fifth Army Corps, or operations February 57. No. 92.Surg. T. 1Ziv~h Spencer, U. S. Army, Medical Director, of operations Feb- ruary 5April 30. No. 93.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Horatio G. Sickel, One hundred and ninety-eighth Penn- sylvania Infantry, commanding First Brigade, First Division, of oper- ations February 57. No. 94.Brig. Gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 95.Col. Allen L. Burr, One hundred and eighty-ninth New York Infantry, com- manding Second Brigade, of operations February 5-7. No. 96.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Edgar M. Gregory, Ninety-first Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25 Page 8 8 N. AND SE. VA.) N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [Cit4P. LVIII. No. 97.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Alfred L. Pearson, One hundred and fifty-fifth Pennsylva- nia Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 5-7. No. 98.Capt. George R. Abbott, First Battalion Maine Sharpshooters, of oper- ations March 25. No. 99Lient. Col. Walter G. Morrill, Twentieth Maine Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 100.Lieut. Col. James A. Cunningham, Thirty-second Massachusetts Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 1O1.iMaj. William 0. Colt, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Sixteenth Michigan Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 102.Lieut. Col. Channcey P. Rogers, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 103.Lieut. Col. Eli G. Sellers, Ninety-first Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper- ations March 25. No. 104.Bvt. Lieut. Col. Henry ONeill, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 57 and March 25. No. 103.Bvf. Maj. Gen. Romeyn B. Ayres,.U. S. Army, commanding Second Divis- ion, of operations February 57. No. 106.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Frederick Winthrop, Fifth New York Veteran Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 107.Col. Richard N. Bowerinan, Foigth Maryland Infantry, commandin~ Second Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 108.Bvt. Brig. Gen. James Gwyn, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 109.Byt. Brig. Gen. Henry A. Morrow, Twenty-fourth Michigan Infantry, com- manding Third Brigade, Third Division, of operations February 56. No. IlOCol. Thomas F. McCoy, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 69. No. 111.Capt. Aaron Bright, jr., Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania infantry, of oper- ations February 5-10. No. 112.Col. Thomas F. McCoy, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 56. No. 113.Maj. Henry J. Sheafer, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 6-9. No. 114.Lieut. Col. Horatio N. Warren, One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 510. No. 115.Bvt. Lient. Col. Robert H. Fitzhugh, First New York Light Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 116.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Frank Wheaton, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, Sixth Army Corps, of operations February 55. No. 117.Byt. Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Hamblin, Sixty-fifth New York Infantry, com- mnanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 118.Col. Oliver Edwards, Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry, command- ing Third Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 119.Col. James M. Warner, First Vermont Heavy Artillery, commanding First Brigade, Second Division, of operations March 25. No. 120.Lient. Col. John G. Parr, One hundred and thirty-ninth Pennsylvania Infan- try, of operations March 25. No. 121.Lient. Col. Amasa S. Tracy, Second Vermont Infantry, Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 122.Lieut. Col. Horace W. Floyd, Third Vermont Infantry, commanding Third amid Fourth Vermont Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 123.Lieut. Col. Ronald A. Kennedy, Fifth Vermont Infantry, of operations M~.rclm 25. No. 124.Lient. Col. Sumner H. Lincoln, Sixth Vermont Infantry, of operations March 25 Page 9 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 9 No. 125.Lient. Col. Charles Hunsdon, First Vermont Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 126.Lient. Col. George B. Damon, Tenth Vermont Infantry, First Brigade, Third Division, of operations March 25. No. 127.Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. Warren Keifer, One hundred and tenth Ohio Infantry, comman(ling Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 128.Lient. Col. Joseph C. Hill, Sixth Maryland Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 129.Lient. Col. James W. Snyder, Ninth New York Heavy Artillery, of oper- ations March 25. No. 130.Bvt. Col. Otho H. Binkley, One hundred and tenth Ohio Infantry, of oper- ations March 25. No. 131.Lieut. Col. Charles M. Cornyn, One hundred and twenty-second Ohio In- fantry, of operations March 25. No. 132.Limit. Col. Thomas W. McKinnie, One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 133.Maj. William G. Williams, One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry, commanding Sixty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 131.Maj. Gen. John G. Parke, U. S. Army, commanding Ninth Army Corps, of operations February 5-7 and March 25. No. 135.Asst. Surg. San~uel Adams, U. S. Army, Medical Inspector, of operations March 131. No. 136.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Orlando B. Willcox, U. S. Army, commanding First Divis- ion, of operations March 25. No. 137.Bvt. Col. Ralph Ely, Eighth Michigan Infantry, commanding Second Bri- gade, of operations March 25. No. 138.Capt. Ira L. Evans, First Michigan Sharpshooters, of operations March 25. No. 139.Capt. John C. Boughton, Second Michigan Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 140.Capt. Albert A. Day, Twentieth Michigan Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 141.Lient. Col. Adolph Becker, Forty-sixth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 142.Lient. Col. Martin P. Avery, Sixtieth Ohio Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 143.Maj. Samuel K. Schwenk, Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 144.Bvt. Brig. Gen. Napoleon B. Mcbaughlen, Fifty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 145.Bvt. Col. Gilbert P. Robinson, Third Maryland Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 146.Capt. Joseph F. Carter, Third Maryland Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 147.Capt. John F. Bnrch, Third Maryland Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 148.Capt. John M. Deane, Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 149.Lient. Col. Jnlitts M. Tncker, Fifty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 150.Maj. Ezra P. Gonld, Fifty-ninth Massachusetts Infantry, of operations March 25. No. l51.Maj. George M. Randall, Fourteenth New York Heavy Artillery, of oper- ations March 25. No. 152.Maj. Norman J. Maxwell, One hundredth Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper- ations March 25. No. 153.Maj. Thomas Mathews, Seventeenth Michigan Infantry (Engineers), of oper- ations March 25. No. 154.Bvt. Maj. Gen. John F. Hartranft, U. S. Army, commanding Third Divis- ion, of operations Febrnary 5-10 and March 25 Page 10 10 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. No. 155.Col. Charles W. Diven, Two hundredth Pennsylvania Infantry, command- ing First Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 156.Lient. Col. William H. H. McCall, Two hundredth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 157.Lient. Col. Mish T. Heintzelman, Two hundred and eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 158.Lient. Col. George W. Frederick, Two hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 159.Col. Joseph A. Mathews, Two hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 160.Bvt. Brig. Gen. John C. Tidball, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery, com- manding Artillery Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 161.Maj. Theodore Miller, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Inspector of Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 162.Capt. Adelbert B. Twitchell, Seventh Battery Maine Light Artillery, of operations Marcb 25. No. 163.Capt. Edward J. Jones, Eleventh Battery Massachusetts Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 164.Capt. Edward W. Rogers, Nineteenth Battery New York Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 165.Capt. John B. Eaton, Twenty-seventh Battery New York Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 166.Bvt. Maj. Jacob Roemer, Thirty-fourth Battery New York Light Artil- lery, of operations March 25. No. 167.Capt. John R. Cooper, Eighth New York Heavy Artillery, commanding Battery No. 15, of operations March 25. No. 168.Capt. Samuel H. Rhoads, Battery D, Pennsylvania Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 169.Byt. Brig. Gen. J. Irvin Gregg, Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, coin- mandin g Second Cavalry Division, of operations February 57. No. 170.Col. Michael Kerwin, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 171.Col. Samuel B. M. Yonng, Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, of operations February 57. No. 172. Lieut. Col. William A. Corric, Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, of operations Febrn ary 57. No. 173.Lient. Col. John K. Robison, Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, of oper- ations February 57. No. 174.Col. Oliver B. Knowles, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 57. No. 175.Col. Andrew W. Evans, First Maryland Cavalry, commanding Third Bri- gade, Cavalry Division, Army of the James, of operations January 30. No. 176.Bvt. Maj. Peter S. Michie, U. S. Army, Chief Engineer, Department of X irgmnma, of operations February 4March 15. No. 177.Lient. William R. King, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Acting Chief Engineer, of operations January 131. No. 178.Medals of Honor awarded for distinguished services under Resolution of Congress, No. 43, approved July 12, 1862, and section 6 of Act of Congress approved March 3, 1863. No. 179.General Robert F. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Army of Northern Vir- ginia, of operations February 55 and March 25. No. 180.Abstract from retnrns of the Army of Northern Virginia. No. 1S1.Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon, C. S. Army, commanding Second Army Corps, of operations February 6 and March 25. No. 182.Col. William R. Peck, Louisiana Brigade, of operations February 57 Page 11 Cw. LVIII.] TH~ RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 11 No. 1. Report of Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding Armies of the United States, including operations March, 1864May, 1865. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D. C., July 22, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of the armies of the United States from the date of my appoint- ment to command the same: From an early period in the rebellion I had been impressed with the idea that active and continuous operations of all the troops that could be brought into the field, regardless of season and weather, were necessary to a speedy termination of the war. The resources of the enemy and his numerical strength were far inferior to ours, but as an ofi~et to this we had a vast territory, with a population hostile to the Government, to garrison, and long lines of river and railroad commu- nications to protect, to enable us to supply the operating armies. The armies in the East and West acted independently aiid without concert, like a balky team, no two ever pulling together, eiiabling the enemy to use to great advantage his interior lines of communication for transporting troops from east to west, re-enforcing the army most vigorously pressed, and to furlough large numbers, during seasons of inactivity on our part, to go to their homes and do the work of produ- cing for the support of their armies. It was a question whether our numerical strength and resources were not more than balanced by these disadvantages and the enemys superior position. From the first I was firm in the conviction that no peace could be had that would be stable and conducive to the happiness of the people, both North and South, until the military power of the rebel- lion was entirely broken. I therefore determined, first, to use the greatest number of troops practicable against the armed force of the enemy, preventing him from using the same force at different seasons against first one and then another of our armies, and the pos- sibility of repose for refitting and producing necessary supplies for carrying on resistance; second, to hammer continuously against the armed force of the enemy and his resources until, by mere attrition, if in no other way, there should be nothing left to him but an equal sub- mission with the loyal section of our common country to the constitu- tion and laws of the land. These views have been kept constantly in mind, and orders given and campaigns made to carry them out. Whether they might have been better in conception and execution is for the people, who mourn the loss of friends fallen, and who have to pay the pecuniary cost, to say. All I can say is, that what I have done has been done conscientiously, to the best of my ability, and in what I conceived to be for the best interests of the whole country. At the date when this report begins the situation of the conten(ling forces was about as follows: The Mississippi River was strongly garri- soned by Federal troops from Saint Louis, Mo., to its mouth. The line of the Arkansas was also held, thus giving us armed possession of all west of the Mississippi, north of that stream. A few points in Southern Louisiana, not remote from the river, were held by us, together with a small garrison at and near the mouth of the Rio Grande. All the balance of the vast territory of Arkansas, Lonisi- ana, and Texas was in the ahnost undisputed possession of the enemy, with an army of probably not less than 80,000 effective men that coul Page 12 12 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. rdHAP. tvm. have been brought into the field had there beei~ sufficient opposition to have brought them out. The let-alone policy had demoralized this force, so that probably but little more than oiie-half of it was ever pres- ent in garrison at any one time. But the one-half or 40,000 men, with the bands of guerrillas scattered through Missouri, Arkansas, and along the Mississippi River, and the disloyal character of much of the popu- lation, compelled the use of a large number of troops to keep navigation open on the river and to protect the loyal people to the west of it. To the east of the Mississippi we held substantially with the line of the Ten. nessee and Holston Rivers, running eastward to include nearly all of the State of Tennessee. South of Chattanooga a small foothold had been obtained in Georgia, sufficient to protect East Tennessee from incursions from the enemys force at Dalton, Ga. West Virginia was substantially within our lines. Virginia, with the exception of the northern border, the Potomac River, a small area about the mouth of James River covered by the troops at i~orfolk and Fort Monroe, and the territory covered by the Army of the Potomac lying along the Rap. idan, was in the possession of the enemy. Along the sea-coast footholds had been obtained at Plymouth, Washington, and New Berne, in North Carolina; Beaufort, Folly and Morris Islands, Hilton Head, Fort Pulaski, and Port Royal, in South Carolina; Fern andina and Saint Augustine, in Florida. Key West and Pensacola were also in our pos- session, while all the important ports were blockaded by the Navy. The accompanying map, a copy of which was sent to General Sherman and other commanders in March, 1864, shows by red lines the territory occu- pied by us at the beginning of the rebellion and at the opening of the campaign of 1864, while those in blue are the lines which it was proposed to occupy.* Behind the Union lines there were many bands of guerrillas and a large pol)nlation disloyal to the Government, making it necessary to guard every foot of road or river, used in supplying our armies. In The map referred to is Coltons New Guide Map of the United States and Canada, edition of 1863, and is marked in pencil as follows: First. Red line along the Potomac, from its mouth to Williainsport; thence along Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Oakland; thence, via Elizabetlitown, to Ceredo, Versailles, and Brandenburg, and along the Ohio River to Cairo; thence up the Mississippi to vicinity of Saint Louis, up the Missouri to the Kansas line, and thence in southwesterly direction into Indian Territory. Second. Red line along the Rappahannock, from its mouth to Rappahannock Sta- tion; thence, via Madison Court-House aiicl Manassas Gap, to Winchester; thence southwest to the headwaters of the Guyandotte, and along the Cumberland Moun- tains to vicinity of the Tennessee line; thence south to the Smoky Mountains; thence through Tunnel Hill, Guntersville, and Corinth, to Oxford, Miss., and thence alono the railroad to Lake Ponchartrain and along the Gulf shore to Pascagoula. Third. Red line from Vermillion Bay to Bayou Bartholomew, in Drew County, Ark., and thence northwesterly into Indian Territory. Fourth. Red line about Pensacola and along Santa Rosa Island. Fifth. Red line about Jacksonville and Fernandina, Fla. Sixth. Red line along the coast from Savannah to Charleston. Seventh. Red line from Federal Poiut, along the coast, to New River Inlet, N. C.; thence, via Pollocksville, Washington, Plymouth, and Suffolk, to Saluda, Va., and thence, via Gloucester Court-House, to the Chesapeake Bay. Eighth. Blue line from Saluda, Va., via Richmond and the James River, to Lynch- burg; thence, via Liberty, to the Blue Ridge, and along there and the Smoky Moun- tains to connect with red line No. 2. Ninth. Blue line from New Berne to Raleigh, N. C. Tenth. Blue line from Tunnel Hill to Atlanta, Ga. Eleventh. Blue line from Atlanta, via Milledgeville, to Savannah. Twelfth. Blue line from Atlanta, via Montgomery and Selma, to Mobile. Thirteenth. Blue line from Sabin~ Pass to Shreveport, La., and thence north- westerly into the Indian Territory Page 13 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 13 the South a reigu of military despotism prevailed, which made every man and boy capable of bearing arms a soldier, and those who could not bear arms in the field acted as provosts for collecting deserters and returning them. This enabled the enemy to bring almost his entire strength into the field. The enemy had concentrated the bulk of his forces east of the Mis- sissippi into two armies, commanded by Generals IR. E. Lee and J. E. Johnston, his ablest and best generals. The army commanded by Lee occupied the south bank of the Rapidan, extending from Mine Rnn westward, strongly intrenched, covering and defending IRichmond, the rebel capital, against the Army of the Potomac. The army nuder John- ston occupied a strongly intrenched position at Dalton, Ga., covering and defending Atlanta, Ga., a place of great importance as a railroad center, against the armies under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman. In addi- tion to these armies, he had a large cavalry force nuder Forrest in North- east Mississippi; a considerable force of all arms in the Shenandoah Valley and in the western part of Virginia and extreme eastermi part of Tennessee, and also confronting onr sea-coast garrisons and holding blockaded ports where we had no foothold upon land. These two armies, and the cities covered and defended by them, were the main objective points of the campaign. Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, who was appointed to the command of the Military Division of the Mississippi, embracing all the armies and ter- ritory east of the Mississippi River to the Alleghanies, and the Depart- ment of Arkansas, west of the Mississippi, had the immediate command of the armies operating against Johnston. Maj. Gen. George G. Meade had the immediate command of the Army of the Potomac, from where I exercised general supervision of the move- ments of all our armies. General Sherman was instructed* to move against Johnstons army; to break it up, and to go into the interior of the enemys country as far as he could, inflicting all the damage he could upon their war resources; if the enemy in his front showed signs of joining Lee, to follow him up to the full extent of his ability, while I would prevent the concentration of Lee upon him if it was in the power of the Army of the Potomac to do so. More specific written instructions were not given, for the reason that I had talked over with him the plans of the campaign, and was satisfied that he understood them and would execute them to the fullest extent possible. Maj. Gen. N. P. Banks, then on an expedition up Red River against Shreveport, La. (which had been organized previous to my appointment to command), was notified by me on the 15th of March of the impor- tance it was that Shreveport should be taken at the earliest possible day, and that if he found that the taking of it would occupy from ten to fifteen days more time than General Sherman had given his troops to be absent from their command, lie would send them back at the time specified by General Sherman, even if it led to the abandonment of the main object of the Red River expedition, for this force was neces- sary to movements east of the Mississippi; that should his expedition prove successful, he would hold Shreveport and the Red River with such force as he might deem necessary, and return the balance of his troops to the neighborhood of New Orleans, commencing no move for the fur- ther acquisition of territory unless it was to make that then held by him niore easily held; that it might be a part of the spring campaign ~See Vol. XXMI, Part ILL, p. 245 Page 14 14 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. to move against Mobile; that it certainly would be if troops enough colll(l be obtained to make it without embarrassing other movements; that New Orleans would be the point of departure for such an expedi- tion; also, that I had directed General Steele to make a real move from Arkansas, as suggested by him (General Banks), instead of a demonstra- tion, as Steele thought advisable. On the 31st of March, in addition to the foregoing notification and directions, he was instructed as follows: Maj. Gen. N. P. BANKS: First. If successful in your expedition against Shreveport, that you turn over the defense of the Red River to General Steele and the navy. Second. That you abandon Texas entirely, with the exception of your hold upon the Rio Grande. This can be held with 4,000 men, if they will turn their attention immediately to fortifying their positions. At least one-half of the force required for this service might be taken from the colored troops. Third. By properly fortifying on the Mississippi River, the force to guard it from Port Hudson to New Orleans can be reduced to 10,000 men, if not to a less number. Six thousand more would then hold all the rest of the territory necessary to hold until acti~-e operations can again be resumed west of the river. According to your last returns, this would give you a force of over 30.000 effective men with which to move against Mobile. To this I expect to add 5,000 men from Missouri. If, however, youi think the force here stated too small to hold the territory regarded as necessary to hold possession of, I would say concentrate at least 25,000 men of your present comniand for operations against Mobile. With these, and such additions as I can give you from elsewhere, lose no time in making a demonstration, to be followed by an attack upon Mobile. Two or more iron-dads will be ordered to report to Admiral Farragut. This gives him a strong naval fleet with which to co-operate. You can make your o~vn arrangements with tbe admiral for his co-operation, and select your own line of approach. My own idea of the matter is that Pascagonla should be your base; but, from your long service in the Gulf Department, you will know best about the mat- ter. It is intended that your movements shall be co-operative with movements elsewhere, and you cannot now start too soon. All I would now add is that you - commence the concentration of your forces at once. Preserve a profound secrecy of what you intend doing, and start at the earliest possible moment. U.S. GRANT, Lieutenant- Geaeral. Major-General Meade was instructed* that Lees army would be his objective point; that wherever Lee went he would go also. For his move- ment two plans presented themselves: One to cross the iRapidan below Lee, moving by his right flank; the other above, moving by his left. Each presented advantages over the other with corresponding objec- tions. By crossing above Lee would be cut off from all chance of ignoring Richmond or going north on a raid. But if we took this route, all we did would have to be done while the rations we started with held out; besides, it separated us from Butler, so that he could not be directed how to co~operate. If we took the other route, Brandy Station could be used as a base of supplies until another was secured on the York or James Rivers. Of these, however, it was decided to take the lower route. The following letter of instru?tion was addressed to Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler: FORT MONROE, VA., April ~, 1864. Maj. Gen. B. F. BUTLER: GENERAL: In the spring campaign, which it is desirable shall commence at as early a day as practicable, it is proposed to have co-operative action of all the armies in the field, as far as this object can be accomplished. It will not be possible to unite our armies into two or three large ones to act as so many units, owing to the absolute necessity of holding on to the territory already taken from the enemy. But, generally speaking, concentration can be practically *See Vol. XXXIII, p. 827 Page 15 CEAP.LVIII.l THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 15 effected by armies moving to the interior of the enemys country from 4~e k~iwitory they have to guard. By such movements they interpose themselves bet~eeu the enemy and the country to be guarded, thereby reducing the wimber necess~iry to guard important points, or at least occupy the attention of a l)art of the enemys force, if no greatei object is gained. Lees army and Richmond being the greater objects toward which onr attention must be directed in the next campaign, it is desirable to unite all the force we can against them. The necessity of covering Washington with the Army of the Potomac, and of covering your department with your army, makes it impossible to unite these forces at the beginiiing of any move. I propose, therefore, what comes nearest this of anything that seems practical: The Army of the Potomac will act from its present base, Lees army being the objective point. You will collect all the forces from your command that can be spared from garrison dutyI should say not less than 20,000 effective mento opeuite on the south side of James River, Richmond being your objective point. To the force you already have will be added about 10,000 men from South Carolina, under Maj or-General Gillmore, who will command them in person. Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith is ordered to report to you, to command the troops sent into the field from your own department. General Gillmore will be ordered to report to you at Fortress Monroe, with all the. ti~ops on transports, by the 18th instant, or as soon thereafter as practicable. Should you not receive notice by that time to move, you will make such disposition of them and your other forces as you may deem best calculated to deceive the enemy as to the real move to be made. When you are notified to move, take City Point ~vith as much force as possible. Fortify, or rather intrench, at once, and concentrate all your troops for the field there as rapidly as you can. From City Point directions cannot be given at this time for your further movements. The fact that has already been statedthat is, that Richmond is to be your object- ive point, and that there is to be co-operation between your force and the Army of the Potomacmust be your guide. This indicates the necessity of your holding close to the south bank of the James River as you advance. Then, should the enemy be forced into his intrenchments in Richmond, the Army of the Potomac would fol- low, and by means of transports the two armies would become a unit. All the minor details of your advance are left entirely to your direction. If, how- ever, you think it practicable to use your cavalry south of you, so as to emit the rail- road about Hicksford about the time of the general advance, it would be of immense advantage. You will please forward for my information, at the earliest practicable day, all orders, details, and instructions you may give for the execution of this order. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. On the 16th these instructions were substantially reiterated.* On the 19th [l8th+j, in order to secure full co-operatiomi between his army and that of General Meade, lie was informed that I expected him to move from Fort Monroe the same day that General Meade move(l from Culpeper. The exact time I was to telegraph him as soon as it was fixed, and that it would not be earlier than the 27th of April; that it was my intention to fight Lee between Culpeper and Richmond if he would stand; should lie, however, fall back into Richmond, I would tollow up and make a junction with his (General Butlers) army on tile ,James River; that, could I be certain lie would be able to invest Ilicli- niond on the south side, so as to have his left resting on the James above the city, I would form the junction there; that circumstances might make this course advisable anyhow; that he should use every exer- tion to secure footing as far np the south side of the river as he could, aimd as soon as possible after the receipt of orders to move; that if he could not carry the city, he should at least detain as large a force there as possible. In co-operation with the main movements against Lee and Johnston I was (lesirous of using all other troops necessarily kept in departments remote from the fields of immediate operations, and ~dso those kept in the background for the protectiomi of our extended hues between the loyal States and the armies operating against them. See Vol. XXXIII, p. 885. See Vol. XXXIII, p. 904 Page 16 16 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHiP. LVIII. A very bnsiderable force, under command of Major-General Sigel, was so held for the protection of West Virginia and the frontiers of Maryland and Pennsylvania. While these troops could not be with- drawn to distant fields without exposing the North to invasion by com- paratively small bodies of the enemy, they could act directly to their front and give better protection than if lying idle in garrison. By such movement they would either compel the enemy to detach largely for the protection of his supplies and lines of communication or he would lose them. General Sigel was therefore directed to organize all his available force into two expeditions, to move from Beverly and Charleston, under command of Generals Ord and Crook, against the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad. Subsequently, General Ord having becim relieved at his owim request, General Sigel was instructed, at his own suggestion, to give up the expedition by Beverly and to form two columnsone under General Crook, on the Kanawha, numbering about 10, OOfY men, and one on the Shenandoah, numbering about 7,000 in en. The one on the Shenandoah to assemble between Cuinberland and the Shenandoah, and the infantry and artillery advanced to Cedar Creek, with such cav- alry as could be made available at the moment, to threatemi the enemy in time Shenandoah Valley, amid advance as far as l)055ib1C; while Gen- eral Crook would take possessiomi of Lewisburg with part of his force and move down the Tennessee railroad, doing as much daniage as he could, destroying the New River bridge and the salt-works at Saltville, Va.* Owing to the weather and bad condition of the roads operations were delayed until the 1st of May, when, everything being imi readiness amid the roads favorable, orders were given for a general movement of all tIme armies not later thami the 4th of May. My first object being to break the military power of the rebellion and capture the enemys important strongholds, miiade miie desirous that General Butler sli ould succee(l in his movement against Richmond, as that would ten(l more than anything else, unless it were time cal)tnre of Lees army, to acconi- plish this desired result in the East. If lie failed, it was my determi- nation, by hard fighting, either to compel Lee to retreat or to so cripple him that he could not detach a large force to go north and still retain enough for the defense of Richmommd. It was well understood by both Generals Butler and Meade before starting on the campaign that it was my intention to put both their armies south of the James River in case of failure to destroy Lee without it. Before giving General Butler his instructions I visited him at Fort Monroe, and in conversatiomin pointed out the apparent importance of getting possession of Petersburg and destroyimig railroad communica- tiomi as far sonth as possible. Believing, however, in the practicability of capturing Richmond, unless it was re-enforced, I made that the objective point of his operatiomis. As the Army of the Potomac was to move simultaneously with him, Lee could not detach froni his army with safety, and the enemy did not have troops elsewhere to bring to the defense of the city in time to meet a rapid movement from the north of James River. I may here state that, commanding all the armies as I did, I tried, as far as possible, to leave G~eneral Meade in independent command of the Army of the Potomac. My instructions for that army were all through him, an(l were general in their nature, leaving all the details * See Vol. XXXIII, pp. 874, 901, and 911 Page 17 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RiCHMOND CAMPAIGN. 17 and the execution to him. The campaigns that followed proved him to be the right man in the right place. His commanding always in the presence of an officer snperior to him in rank has drawn from him mnch of that public attention that his zeal and ability entitle him to, and which he would otherwise have received. The movement of the Army of the Potomac commenced early on the morning of the 4th of May, under the immediate direction and orders of Major-General Meade, pursnant to instrnctions. Before night the whole army was across the Rapidan (the Filth and Sixth Corps crossing at Germanna Ford, and the Second Corps at United States [Elys] Ford, the cavalry, under Major-General Sheridan, moving in advance), with the greater part of its trains, numbering about 4,000 wagons, meeting with but slight opposition. The average distance traveled by the troops that day was about twelve miles. This I regarded as a great success, and it removed from my mind the most serious apprehensions I had entertained, that of crossing the river in the face of an active, large, well-appointed, and ably commanded army, and how so large a traii was to be carried through a hostile country and protected. Early on the 5th the advance corps (the Fifth, Maj. Gen. G. K. Warren com- manding) met and engaged the enemy outside his intrenchments near Mine Run. The battle raged furiously all day, the whole army being bcought into the light as fast as the corps could be got upon the field, wnich, considering the density of the forest and narrowness of the roads, was done with commendable promptness. General Burnside, with the Ninth Corps, was, at the time the Army of the Potomac moved, left with the bulk of his corps at the crossing of the Rappahannock River and Alexandria railroad, holding the road back to Bull Run, with instructions not to move until he received notice that a crossing of the Rapidan was secured, but to move promptly as soon as such notice was received. This crossing he was apprised of on the afternoon of the 4th. By 6 oclock of the morning of the 6th he was leading his corps into action near the Wilderness Tavern, so me of his troops having marched a distance of over thirty miles, crossing both the Rappahannock afld Rapidan Rivers. Considering that a large proportion (probably two-thirds) of his command was composed of new troops, unaccustomed to marchesand carrying the accouterments of a soldier, this was a remarkable march. The battle of the Wilderness was renewed by us at 5 oclock on the morning of the 6th, and continued with unabated fury until darkness set in, each army holding substantially the same position that they had omi the evening of the 5th. After dark the enemy made a feeble attempt to turn our right flank, capturing several hundred prisoners and creating considerable confusion. But the promptness of General Sedgwick, who was personally present and commanded that part of our line, soon reformed it and restored order. On the morning of the 7th reconnaissances showed that the enemy had fallen behind his intrenched lines, with pickets to the fromit, covering a part of the battle-field. From this it was evident to my mind that the two days fighting had satisfied him of his inability to further maintain the contest in the open field, notwithstanding his advantage of position, and that he would await an attack behind his works. I therefore determined to push on and put my whole force between him and Rich- mond, and orders were at once issued for a movement by his right flank. On the night of the 7th the march was commenced toward Spot- sylvania Court.House, the Fifth Corps moving on the most direct road. But the enemy having become apprised of our movement, and having 2 R UVOL XLVI, PT Page 18 18 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA,, MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIIL the shorter line, was enabled to reach there first. On the 8th General Warren met a force of the enemy which had been sent out to oppose and delay his advance, to gain time to fortify the line taken up at Spotsylvania. This force was steadily driven back on the main force, within the recently constructed works, after considerable fighting, resulting in severe loss to both sides. On the morning of the 9th General Sheridan started on a raid against the enemys lines of com- munication with Richmond. The 9th, 10th, and 11th were spent in maneuvering and fighting, without decisive results. Among the killed on the 9th was that able and distinguished soldier, Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick, commanding the Sixth Army Corps. Maj. Gen. H. G. Wright succeeded him in command. Early on the morning of the 12th a general attack was made on the enemy in position. The Second Corps, Major-General Hancock commanding, carried a salient of his line, capturing most of Johnsons division, of Ewells corps, and twenty pieces of artillery. But the resistance was so obstinate that the ad- vantage gained did not prove decisive. The 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th were consumed in maneuvering and awaiting the arrival of re-enforcements from Washington. Deeming it impracticable to make any further attack upon the enemy at Spotsylvania Court-House, orders were issued on the 18th with a view to a movement to the North Anna, to commence at 12 oclock on the night of the 19th. Late in the afternoon of the 19th Ewells corps came out of its works on our extreme right flank, but the attack was promptly repulsed with heavy loss. This delayed the movement to the North Anna until the night of the 21st, when it was commenced. But the enemy, again having the shorter line and being in possession of the main roads, was enabled to reach the North Anna in advance of us, and took position behind it. The Fifth Corps reached the North Anna on the afternoon of the 23d, closely followed by the Sixth Corps. The Second and Ninth Corps got up about the same time, the Second holding the railroad bridge and the Ninth lying between that and Jericho Ford. General War- ren effected a crossing the same afternoon, and got a position without much opposition. Soon after getting into position he was violently attacked, but repulsed the enemy with great slaughter. On the 25th General Sheridan rejoined the Army of the Potomac from the raid on which he started from Spotsylvania, having destroyed the depots at Beaver Dam and Ashland Stations, four trains of cars, large supplies of rations, and many miles of railroad track; recaptured about 400 of our men on their way to Richmond as prisoners of war; met ~and defeated the enemys cavalry at Yellow Tavern; carried the first line of works around Richmond, but finding the second line too strong to be carried by assault, recrossed to the north bank of the Chickahom- my at Meadow Bridge, under heavy fire, and moved by a detour to Haxalls Landing, on the James River, where he communicated with General Butler. This raid had the effect of drawing off the whole of the enemys cavalry force, making it comparatively easy to guard our trains. General Butler moved his main force up the James River, in pur- suance of instructions, on the 4th of May, General Gillmore having joined him with the Tenth Corps. At the same time he sent a force of 1,800 cavalry, by way of West Point, to form a junction with him wherever he might get a foothold, and a force of 3,000 cavalry, under General Kautz, from Suffolk, to operate against the roads south of Petersburg and Richmond. On the 5th he occupied, without opposi- tion, both City Point and Bermuda Hundred, his movement being Page 19 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 19 complete surprise. On the 6th he was in position with his maui army and commenced intrenching. On the 7th he made a reconnaissance against the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad, destroying a portion of it after some fighting. On the 9th he telegraphed as folloWs: HEADQUARTERS, Near Bermuda Landing, May 9, 1864. Hon. E. M. STALNTON, Secretary of War: Our operations may be summed up in a few words. With 1,700 cavalry we have ~dvanced up the Peninsula, forced the Chickahominy, and have safely brought them to our present position. These were colored cavalry, and are now holding our advance pickets toward Richmond. General Kautz, with 3,000 cavalry from Suffolk, on the same day with our movement up James River, forced the Blackwater, burned the railroad bridge at Stony Creek, below Petersburg, cutting in two Beauregards force at that point. We have landed here, intrenched ourselves, destroyed many miles of railroad, and got a position which, with proper supplies, we can hold out against the whole of Lees army. I have ordered up the supplies. Beauregard with a large portion of his force was left south by the cutting of the railroads by Kautz. That portion which reached Petersburg under Hill I have whipped to-day, killing and wounding many and taking many prisoners, after a severe and well-contested fight. General Grant will not be troubled with any further re-enforcements to Lee from Beauregards force. BENJ. F. BUTLER, Major- General. On the evening of the 13th and morning of the 14th he carried a portion of the enemys first line of defenses at iDrewrys Bluff, or Fort Darling, with small loss. The time thus consnmed from the 6th lost to us the benefit of the surprise and capture of Richmond and Petersburg, enabling, as it did, Beauregard to collect his loose forces in North and South Carolina, and bring them to the defense of those places. On the 16th the enemy attacked General Butler in his position in front of Drewrys Bluff. He was forced back, or drew back, into his intrench. inents between the forks of the James and Appomattox Rivers, the enemy intrenching strongly in his front, thus covering his railroads, the city, and all that was valuable to him. His army, therefore, though in a position of great security, was as completely shnt off from further ol)erations directly against Richmond as if it had been in a bottle strongly corked. It required but a comparatively small force of the enemy to hold it there. On the 12th General Kautz with his cavalry was started on a raid against the Danville railroad, which he struck at Coalfield, Powhatan, and Chula Stations, destroying them, the railroad track, two freight trains, and one locomotive, together with large quan- tities of commissary and other stores; themice crossing to the South Side road, struck it at Wilsons, Wellsville, and Blacks and Whites Stations, destroying the road and station-houses; thence he proceeded to City Point, which he reached on the 18th. On the 19th of April, and prior to the movement of General Butler, the enemy, with a land force nuder General Hoke and an iron-clad ram, attacked Plymouth, N. C., com- manded by General H. W. Wessells, and our gun-boats there, and after severe fighting the place was carried by assault, and the entire garrison and armament captured. The gun-boat Southfield was sunk and the Miami disabled.* The army sent to operate against Richmond having hermetically sealed itself up at Bermuda Hundred, the enemy was enabled to bring the most, if not all, the re-enforcemnents brought from the south by Beauregard against the Army of the Potomac. In addition to this re-enforcement, a very considerable one, probably not less than 15,000 * See Vol. XXXIII, p. 278 Page 20 20 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVII1. men, was obtained by calling in the scattered troops under Breckin- ridge from the western part of Virginia. The position at Bermuda Hundred was as easy to defend as it was difficult to operate from against the enemy. I determined, therefore, to bring from it all avail- able forces, leaving enough only to secure what had been gained, and accordingly, on the 22d, I directed that they be sent forward, under command of Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith, to join the Army of the Potomac. On the 24th of May the Ninth Army Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. A. E. Burnside, was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, and from this time forward constituted a portioii of Major-General Meades com- mand. Finding the enemys position on the North Anna stronger than either of his previous ones, I withdrew on the night of the 26th to the north bank of the North Anna, and moved via Hanovertown to turn the ene- mys positioii by his right. Generals Torbert arid Merritts divisions of cavalry, under Sheridan, and the Sixth Corps led the advance; crossed the Pamunkey River at Hanovertown after considerable fighting, and on the 28th the two divisions of cavalry had a severe but successful engagement with the enemy at flaws Shop. On the 29th and 30th we advanced, with heavy skirmishing, to the Hanover Court-House and Cold Harbor road, and developed the enemys position north of the Chickahominy. Late on the evening of the last day the enemy came out and attacked our left, but was repulsed with very considerable loss. An attack was immediately ordered by General Meade along his whole line, which resulted in driving the enemy from a part of his intrenched skirmish hue. On the 31st General Wilsons division of cavalry destroyed the railroad bridges over the South Anna River, after defeating the enemys cavalry. General Sheridan, on the same day, reached Cold Harbor, and held it until relieved by the Sixth Corps and General Smiths command, which had just arrived, via White House, from General Butlers army. On the 1st day of June an attack was made at 5 p. m. by the Sixth Corps and the troops under General Smith, the other corps being held in readiness to advance on the receipt of orders. This resulted in our carrying aiud holding the enemys first line of works in front of the right of the Sixth Corps amid in front of General Smith. During the attack the enemy made repeated assaults on each of the corps not engaged in the main attack, but were repulsed with heavy loss in every instance. That night lie made several assaults to regain what he had lost in the (lay, but failed. The 2d was spent in getting troops into position for an attack on the 3d. On the 3d of June we again assaulted the enemys works iii the hope of driving him from his posi- tion. Iii tins attempt our loss was heavy, while that of the enemy, I have reason to believe, was comparatively light. It was the only gen- eral attack made from the IRapidan to the James which did imot inflict upon the enemy losses to compensate for our owmi losses. I would not be understood as saying that all previous attacks resulted in victories to our arms, or accomplished as much as I had hoped from them, but they inflicted upon the enemy severe losses, which tended in the end to the complete overthrow of the rebellion. From the proximimity of the enemy to his defenses around Richmond it was impossible by any flank movememit to interpose betweemi hum and the city. I was still in a condition to either move by his left flank and invest Richmond from the north side, or continue miiy move by his right flank to the south side of the .1 nines. While the fou-nmer might have been better as a coverimi~ for Washingtomi yet a full survey of all th Page 21 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 21 grouJl(l satisfied me that it wouki be impracticable to hold a line north and east of Richmond that would protect the Fredericksburg railroad a long, vulnerable line which would exhaust much of our strength to guard, aud that would have to be protected to supply the army, and would leave Ol)~IL to the enemy all his lines of communication on the south side of the James. My i(lea. from the start, had been to beat Lees army north of Richmond if possible; theii, after (lestroying his hues of communication north of the James River, to transfer the army to the south side and besiege Lee in Richmond or follo~v him south if he should retreat. After the battle of the Wilderness it was evident that the enemy deemed it of the first importance to run no risks with the army he then had. He acted purely on the defensive behind breast-works, or feebly on the offensive immediately in front of them, and where, in case of repulse, he could easily retire behind them. With- out a greater sacrifice of life than I was willing to make, all could muot be accomplished that I had designed north of Richmond. I therefore determined to continue to hold substantially the ground - we then occu- pied, taking advantage of any favorable circumstances tnat might pre- sent themselves, until the cavalry could be sent to Charlottesville and Gordonsville to effectually break up the railroad connection between Richmond and the Shenandoah Valley and Lynchburg, and when the cavalry got well off to move the army to the south side of the James River, by the enemys right flank, where I felt I could cut off all his sources of supply except by the canal. Omi the 7th two divisions of cavalry, under General Sheridan, got off on the expedition against the Virginia Central Railroad, with iimstruc- tions to Hunter, whom I hoped he would meet near Charlottesville to join his forces to Sheridans, and after the work laid out for them was thoroughly done to join the Army of the Potomac by the route laid down in Sheridans instructions. On the 10th 9th] of June General Butler sent a force of infantry under General Gilimore, and of cavalry under General Kautz, to capture Petersburg if possible, and destroy the railroad and common bridges across the Appomattox. The cavalry carried the works on the south side and penetrated well in toward the town, bnt were forced to retire. General Gillrnore, finding the works which lie approached very strong, and deeming an assault impracticable, returned to Bermuda Hundred without attempting one. Attaching great importance to the possession of Petersburg, I sent back to Ber- muda Hundred and City Point General Smiths command by water, via the White House, to reach there in advance of the Army of the Poto- mumac. This was for the express purpose of securing Petersburg before the enemy, becoming aware of our intention, could re-enforce the place. The movement from Cold Harbor commenced after dark on the evening of the 12th; one division of cavalry, nuder General Wilson, amid the Fifth Corps crossed the Chickahominy at Long Bridge, amid moved out to White Oak Swamp, to cover the crossings of the other corps. The advance corps reached James River, at Wilcoxs Landing and Charles City Court-House, on the night of the 13th. During three long years the Armies of the Potomac and Northern Virginia had been confronting each other. In that time they had fought more desperate battles than it probably ever before fell to the lot of two armies to fight, without materially changing the vantage ground of either. The Southern press and people, with more shrewdness thami was displayed in the North, finding that they had failed to capture Washington and march on to New York, as they had boasted they would do, assumed that they only defended their capital and ~Souther Page 22 22 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. LOHAP. LVIII. territory. Hence, Antietam, Gettysburg, and all other battles that had been fought were by them set down as failures on our part and victories for them. Their army believed this. It produced a morale which could only be overcome by desperate aud continuous hard fighting. The battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, and Cold Harbor, bloody and terrible as they were on our side, were even more damaging to the enemy, and so crippled him as to make him wary ever after of taking the offensive. His losses in men were probably not so great, owing to the fact that we were, save in the Wilderness, almost iilvari- ably the atta~king party, and when he did attack it was in the open field. The details of these battles, which for endurance and bravery on the part of the soldiery have rarely been surpassed, are given in the report of Major-General Meade, and the subordinate reports accompany- ing it.* During the campaign of forty-three days, from the iRapidan to James River, the army had to be supplied from an ever-shifting base by wagons, over narrow roads, through a densely wooded country, with a lack of wharves at each new base from which to conveniently discharge vessels. Too much credit cannot, therefore, be awarded to the quarter- master and commissary departments for the zeal and efficiency dis- played by them. Under the general supervision of the chief quarter- master, Brig. Gen. R. Ingalls, the trains were made to occupy all the available roads between the army and our water base, and but little difficulty was experienced in protecting them. The movement in the Kanawha and Shenandoah Valleys, under Gen- eral Sigel, commenced on the 1st of May. General Crook, who had the immediate command of the Kanawha expedition, divided his forces into two columns, giving one, composed of cavalry, to General Averell. They crossed the mountains by separate routes. Averell struck the Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, near Wytheville, on the 10th, and proceeding to New River and Christiansburg, destroyed the road, several important bridges and depots, including New River bridge, forming a junction with Crook at Union on the 15th. General Sigel moved up the Shenandoah Valley, met the enemy at New Market on the 15th, and after a severe engagement was defeated with heavy loss, and retired behind Cedar Creek. Not regarding the operations of Gen- eral Sigel as satisfactory, I asked his removal from command, and Major- General Hunter was appointed to supersede him. His instructions were embraced in the following dispatches to Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, Chief of Staff of the Army: NEAR SPOTSYLvANIA. COURT-HousE, VA., May 5O, 1864. Maj. Gen. H. XV. HALLECK: * * * * * - * * - The enemy are evidently relying for supplies greatly on such as are brought over the branch road running through Staunton. On the whole, therefore, Ithink it would be better for General Hunter to move in that direction; reach Staunton and Gordons- yule or Charlottesville, if lie does not meet too much opposition. If he can hold at bay a force equal to his own, he will be doing good service. * * * * * * * U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. JERICHO FORD, VA., May 25, 1864. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: If Hunter can possibly get to Charlottesville and Lynchburg, he should do so, living on the country. The railroads and canal should be destroyed beyond possi- bility of repairs for weeks. Completing this he could find his way back to his original base, or from about Gordonsville join this army. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. * See Vol. XXXVI, Part I Page 23 C~. L~ULl THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 23 General Hunter immediately took up the offensive, and moving up the Shenandoah Valley, met the enemy on the 5th of June at Piedmont, and after a battle of ten hours routed and defeated him, capturing on the field of battle 1,500 men, 3 pieces of artillery, and 300 stand of small-arms. On the 8th of the same month he formed a junction with Crook and Averell at Staunton, from which place he moved direct on Lynchburg, via Lexingtoii, which place he reached and invested on the 16th day of June. Up to this time he was very successful, and but for the difficulty of taking with him sufficient ordnance stores over so long a march through a hostile country, he would no doubt have captured that (to the enemy) important point. The destruction of the enemys supplies and manufactories was very great. To meet this movement under General Hunter, General Lee sent a force, perhaps equal to a corps, a part of which reached Lynch. burg a short time before Hunter. After some skirmishing on the 17th and 18th, General Hunter, owing to a want of ammunition to give battle, retired from before the place. Unfortunately, this want of ammunitiomi left him no choice of route for his return but by way of Kanawha. This lost to us the use of his troops for several weeks from the defense of the North. Had General Hunter moved by way of Char- lottesville, instead of Lexington, as his instructions contemplated, he would have been in a position to have covered the Shenandoah Valley against the enemy, should the force he met have seemed to endanger it. If it did not, he would have been within easy distance of the James River Canal, on the maui line of communication between Lynchburg and the force sent for its defense. I have never taken exception to the operations of Gemieral Hunter, and I am not now disposed to find fault with him, for I have no doubt he acted within what he conceived to be the spirit of his instructions and the interests of the service. The promptitude of his movements and his gallantry should entitle him to the commendation of his country.* To return to the Army of the Potomac: The Second Corps com- menced crossing the James River on the morning of the 14th by ferry- boats at Wilcoxs Landing. The laying of the pontoon bridge was completed about midnight of the 14th, and the crossing of the balance of the army was rapidly pushed forward by both bridge and ferry. After the crossing had commenced I procee(led by a steamer to Ber- muda Hundred to give the necessary orders for the immediate capture of Petersburg. The instructions to General Butler were verbal, and were for him to send General Smith immediately, that night, with all the troops he could give him without sacrificing the position he then held. I told him that II would return at once to the Army of the Poto- mac, hasten its crossing, and throw it forward to Petersburg by divis- ions as rapidly as it could be done~ that we could re-enforce our armies more rapidly there than the enemy could bring troops against us. General Smith got off as diiected, and confronted the enemys pickets near Petersburg before daylight next morning, but, for some reason that I have never been able to satisfactorily understand, did not get ready to assault his main lines until near sundown. Then, with a part of his command only, he made the assault, and carried the lines northeast of Petersburg from the Appomattox River, for a distance of over two miles and a half, capturing fifteen pieces of artillery and 300 prisoners. This was about 7 p. m. Between the line thus captured and Petersburg there were no other works, and there was no evidence that For subordinate reports of Sigels and Hunters operations, see Vol XXXVII, Part I Page 24 24 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. the enemy had re-enforced Petersburg with a single brigade from any source. The night was clear, the mooii shining brightly, and favora- ble to further operations. General Hancock, with two divisions of the Second Corps, reached General Smith just after dark, and offered the service of these troops as he (Smith) might wish, waiving rank to the named commander, who he naturally supposed knew best the position of affairs and what to do with the troops. But instead of taking these troops and pushing at once into Petersburg, he requested General Hancock to relieve a part of his line in the captured works, which was done before midnight. By the time 1 arrived the next morning the enemy was in force. An attack was ordered to be made at 6 oclock that evening by the troops under Smith and the Second and Ninth Corps. It required until that time for the Ninth Corps to get up and into position. The attack was made as orderc~d, and the fighting con- tinned with but little intermission until 6 oclock the next morning, and resulted in our carrying the advan~e and some of the main works of the enemy to the right (our left) of those previously captured by Gen- eral Smith, several pieces of artillery, and over 400 prisoners. The Fifth Corps having got up, the attacks were renewed and persisted in with great vigor on the 17th and 18th, but only resulted iii forcing the enemy to an interior line, from which he could not be dislodged. The advantages in position gained by us were very great. The army then proceeded to envelop Petersburg toward the South Side Railroad, as far as possible, without attacking fortifications. On the 16th the enemy, to re-enforce Petersburg, withdrew from a part of hi~ intrench- ment in front of Bermuda Hundred, expecting, no doubt, to get troops from north of the James to take the place of those withdrawn before we could discover it. General Butler, taking advantage of this, at once moved a force on the railroad betweemi Petersburg and Richmond. As soon as I was-apprised of the advantage thus gained, to retain it I ordered two divisions of the Sixth Corps, General Wright command- ing, that were embarking at Wilcoxs Landing, nuder orders for City Point, to report to General Butler, at Bermuda Hundred, of which General Butler was notified, and the importance of holding a position in advance of his preseiit line urged upon him. About 2 oclock in the afternoon General Butler was forced back to the line the enemy had withdrawn from in the morning. General Wright, with his two divisions, joined General Butler on the forenoon of the 17th, the latter still holding with a strong picket-line the enemys works. But instead of putting these divisions into the enemys works to hold them, he permitted them to halt and rest some distance in the rear of his own line. Between 4 and 5 oclock in the afternoon the enemy attacked and drove in his pickets and reoccupied his old line. On the night of the 20th and morning of the 21st a lodgment was effected by General Butler, with one brigade of infantry, on the north bank of the James, at IDeep Bottom, and connected by pontoon bridge with Bermuda Hundred. On the 19th General Sheridan, on his return from his expedition against the Virginia Central Railroad, arrived at the White House just as the enemys cavalry was about to attack it, and compelled it to retire. The result of this expedition was that General Sheridan met the enemys cavalry near Trevilian Station on the morning of the 11th of June, whom he attacked and, after an obstinate contest, (irove from the field in complete rout. He left his dead and nearly all his wounded in our hands, and about 400 prisoners and several hundred horse~. Q~ the 12th he destroyed the railroad from Trevilian Station to Lonism Page 25 Cnii~. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 25 Court-House. This occupied until 3 p. in., when he advanced in the direction of Gordonsville. He found the enemy re-enforced by infantry, behind well-constructed rifle-pits, about five miles from the latter place, and too strong to successfully assault. On the extreme right, however, his reserve brigade carried the enemys works twice, and was twice driven therefrom by infantry. Night closed the contest. Not having sufficient ammunition to continue the engagement, and his animals being without forage (the country furnishing but inferior grazing), and hearing nothing from General Hunter, he withdrew his command to the north side of the North Anna, and commenced his return march, reaching White House at the time before stated. After breaking up the depot at that place he moved to the James River, which he reached safely after heavy fighting. He commenced crossing on the 25th, near Fort Powhatan, without further molestation, and rejoined the Army of the Potomac. On the 22d General Wilson~with his own division of cavalry, of the Army of the Potomac, amid General Kautzs division of cavalry, of the Army of the James, moved against the enemys railroads south of Richmond. Striking the Weldon railroad at Reams Station, destroy- ing the depot and several miles of the road, and the South Side road about fifteen miles from Petersburg, to near Nottoway Station, where he met and defeated a force of the enemys cavalry, he reached Burkeville Station on the afternoon of the 23d, and from there destroyed the Dan- vihle railroad to Roanoke bridge, a distance of twenty-five miles; where he found the enemy in force, and in a position from which he could not dis- lodge him. He then commenced his return march, and on the 28th met the enemys cavalry in force at the Weldon railroad crossing of Stony Creek, where he had a severe but not decisive engagement. Thence he made a detour from his left, with a view of reaching Reams Station, supposing it to be in our possession. At this place he was met by the enemys cavalry, supported by infantry, and forced to retire, with a loss of his artillery and trains. In this last encounter General Kautz, with a part of his command, became separated and made his way into our lines. General Wilson, with the remainder of his force, succeeded imi crossing the Nottoway River, and coming in safely on our left and rear. The damage to the enemy in this expedition more than compensated for the losses we sustained. It severed all connection by railroad with Richmond for several weeks. With a view of cutting the enemys railroad from near Richmond to the Anna Rivers, and making him wary of the sitnatiomi of his armny in the Shenandoah and, in the event of failure in this, to take advantage of his necessary withdrawal of troops from Petersburg to explode a mine that had been prepared in front of the Ninth Corps and- assault the enemys lines at that place, on the night of tIme 26th of July the Second Corps and two divisions of the Cavalry Corps and Kautzs cavalry were crossed to the north bank of the James River and joined the force General Butler had there. On the 27th the enemy was driven from his intrenched position, with the loss of four pieces of artillery. On the 28th our lines were extended from Deep Bottom to New Market road, but in getting this position were attacked by the enemy in heavy force. The fighting lasted for several hours, resulting in considerable loss to both sides. The first object of this move hav- ing failed, by reason of the very large force thrown there by the enemy, I determined to take advantage of the diversion made, by assaultimig Petersburg before he could get his force back there. One division of ~1-~ Second Corps was withdrawn omi the night of the 28th, and move Page 26 26 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. during the night to the rear of the Eighteenth Corps, to relieve that corps in the line, that it might be foot-loose in the assault to be made. The other two divisions of the Second Corps and Sheridans cavalry were crossed over on the night of the 29th, and moved in front of Petersburg. On the morning of the 30th, between 4 and 5 oclock, the mine was s~)rung, blowing np a battery and most of a regiment, and the advance of the assaulting column, formed of tLe Ninth Corps, immediately took possession of the crater made by the explosion, and the line for some distance to the right and left of it, and a detached line in front of it, but for some cause failed to advance prom~)tly to the ridge beyond. Had they done this, I have every reason to believe that Petersburg would have fallen. Other troops were immediately pushed forward, but the time consumed in getting them up enabled the enemy to rally from his surprise (which had been complete) and get forces to this point for its defense. The captured line thus held beiiig untenable and of no advantage to us, the troops were withdrawn, but not with- out heavy loss. Thus terminated in disaster what promised to be the most successful assault of the campaign.* Immediately upon the enemy ascertaining that General Hunter was retreating from Lynchburg by way of the Kanawha River, thus laying the Shenandoah Valley open for raids into Maryland and Pennsylvania, he returned northward, and moved down that valley. As soon as this movement of th& emiemy was ascertained, General Hunter, who had reached the Kanawha River, was directed to move his troops without delay, by river and railroad, to Harpers Ferry; but owing to the diffi- culty of navigation, by reason of low water and breaks in the railroad, great delay was experienced in getting there. it became necessary, therefore, to find other troops to check this movement of the enemy. For this purpose the Sixth Corps was taken from the armies operating against Richmond to which was added the Nineteenth Corps, then, for- tunately, beginning to arrive in Hampton Roads from the Gulf Depart- ment, under orders issued immediately after the ascertainment of the result of the Red River expedition. The garrisons of Baltimore and Washington were at this time made up of heavy artillery regiments, 100-days men, and detachments from the Invalid Corps. One division, under command of General Ricketts, of the Sixth Corps, was sent to Baltimore, and the remaining two divisions of the Sixth Corps, under General Wright, were subse- quently sent to Washington. On the 3d of July the enemy approached Martmnsburg; General Sigel, who was in command of our forces there, retreated across the Potomac at Shepherdstown, and General Weber, commanding at Harpers Ferry, crossed the river and occupied Mary- land Heights. On the 6th the eneniy occupied Hagerstown, moving a strong column toward Frederick City. Geiieral Wallace, with Ricketts division and his own command, the latter mostly new and undisciplined troops, pushed out from Baltimore with great promptness and met the enemy in force on the Monocacy, near the crossing of the railroad bridge. His force was not sufficient to insure success, but he fought the enemy nevertheless, and although it resulted in a defeat to our arms, yet it detained the enemy and thereby served to enable General Wright to reach Washington with two divisions of the Sixth Corps, and the advance of the Nineteenth Corps before him. From Monocacy the enemy moved on Washington, his cavalry advance reaching Rock * For subordinate reports of operations against Petersburg and Richmond from June 13 to July 31, 1864, see Vol. XL, Part I Page 27 CHAP. LVIII.] THE IUCEMOND CAMPAIGN. 27 yule on the evening of the 10th. On the 1~th a reconnaissance was thrown out in front of Fort Stevens, to ascertain the enemys position and force. A severe skirmish ensued, ill which we lost about 280 in killed and wounded. The enemys loss was probably greater. He commenced retreating during the night. Learning the exact condition of affairs at Washington, I requested by telegraph, at 11.45 p. m. on the 12th, the assignment of Maj. Gen. II. G. Wright to the command of all the troops that could be made available to operate in the field against the enemy, and directed that he should get outside of the treiiches with all the force he could, and push Early to the last moment. General Wright commenced the pursuit on the 13th. On the 18th the enemy was overtaken at Snickers Ferry, on the Shenandoah, when a sharp skirmish occurred; and on the 20th General Averell encountered and defeated a portion of the rebel army at Winchester, capturing four pieces of artillery and several hundred prisoners. Learning that Early was retreating south toward Lynchburg or Richmond, I directed that the Sixth and Nineteenth Corpse be got back to the armies operating against Richmond, so that they might be used in a movement against Lee before the return of the troops sent by him into the Valley, and that Hunter should remain in the Shenandoah Valley, keeping between any force of the enemy and Washington, acting on the defensive as much as possible. I felt that if the enemy had any notion of returning the fact would be developed before the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps could leave Washington. Subsequently the Nineteenth Corps was excepted from the order to return to the James. About the 25th it became evident that the enemy was again advanc- ing upon Maryland and Pennsylvania, and the Sixth Corps, then at Washington, was ordered back to the vicinity of Harpers Ferry. The rebel force moved down the Valley, and sent a raiding party into Penn- sylvania, which, on the 30th, burned Chambersburg and then retreated, pnrsued by our cavalry, toward Cumberland. They were met and defeated by General Kelley, and with diminished numbers escaped into the mountains of West Virginia. From the time of the first raid the telegraph wires were frequently down between Washington and City Point, making it necessary to transmit messages a part of the way by boat. It took from twenty-four to thirty-six hours to get dispatches through and return answers back, so that often orders would be given, and then information would be received showing a different state of facts from those on which they were based, causing a confusion and apparent contradiction of orders that must have considerably embar- rassed those who had to execute them, and rendered operations against the enemy less effective than they otherwise would have been. To rem- edy this evil,it was evident to my mind that some person should have the supreme command of all the forces in the Departments of West Virginia, Washington, Susquehanna, and the Middle Department, and I so recommended. On the 2d of August 1 ordered General Sheridan to report in person to Major-General Halleck, Chief of Staff, at Washington, with a view to his assignment to the command of all the forces against Early. At this time the enemy was concentrated in the neighborhood of Winches- ter, while our forces, under General Hunter, were concentrated on the Monocacy, at the crossing of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, leaving open to the enemy Western Maryland and Southern Pennsylvania. From where I was, I hesitated to give positive orders for the movement of our forces at Monocacy, lest by so doing I should expose Washing Page 28 28 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND P~. fCFTAP. LVIII. ton.* Therefore, on the 4th, I left City t~oint to visit Ilunteis com- mand, and determine for myself what was best to be done. On arrival there, and after consultation with General Hunter, I issued to him the following instructions: MONOCACY BRIDGE, MD., Augu8t 5, 18648 p. rn. Maj. Gen. D. HUNTER: GENERAL: Concentrate all your available force without delay in the vicinity of Harpers Ferry, leaving only such railroad guards and garrisons for public property as may be necessary. Use, in this concentration, the railroad, if by so doing time can be saved. From Harpers Ferry, if it is fbund that the enemy has moved north of th~ Potomac in large force, push north, following him and attacking bun wher- ever found; follow him if driven south of the Potomac as long as it is safe to do so. If it is ascertained that the enemy has but a small force uorth of the Potomac, then push south with the main force, detaching, nuder a competent commander, a suffi- cient force to look after the raiders, and drive them to their homes. In detaching such a force, the brigade of cavalry now en route froiii Washington, via Rockville, may b~taken into account. There are now on the way to join you three other brigades of the best of cavalry, numbering at least 5,000 men aiid horses. T,hese will be instructed, in the absence of further orders, to join you by the south side of the Potomac. One brigade will probably start to-morrow. In pushing up the Shenandoah Valley, where it is expected you will have to go first or last, it is desirable that nothing should be left to invite the enemy to return. Take all provisions, forage, and stock wanted for the use of your command; such as cannot be consumed, (lestroy. It is not desirable that the buildings should be destroyed; they should rather be protected; but the people should be informed that so long as an army can subsist among them recur- rences of these raids must be expected, and we are determined to stop them at all hazards. Bear in mind the object is to drive the enemy south, and to do this you want to keep him always in sight. Be guided in your course by the course he takes. Make your own arrangements for supplies of all kinds, giving regular vouchers for such as will be taken from loyal citizens in the country through which you march. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. The troops were immediately put in motion and the Halitown that night. , advance reached General Hunter having, in our conversation, expressed a willingness to be relieved from command, I telegraphed to have General Sheridan, then at Washington, sent to Harpers Ferry by the morning train, with orders to take general command of all the troops in the field, and to call on General Hunter, at Monocacy, who would turn over to him my letter of instructions. I remained at Moiiocacy until General Sheridan arrived, on the morning of the 6th, and after a conference with him in relation to military affairs in that vicinity, I returned to City Point by way of Washington. On the 7th of August the Middle Department and the Departments of West Virginia, Washiiigton, and Susquehanna were constituted into the Middle Military Division, and Major-General Sheridan was assigned to temporary command of the same. Two divisions of cavalry, commanded by Generals Torbert and Wilson, were sent to Sheridan from the Army of the Potomac. The lii st reached him at Harpers Ferry about the .11th of August. 11 is operations during the month of August and the fore part of Sep- teinber were both of an offensive and defensive character, resulting in many severe skirmishes, principally by the cavalry, in which we were generally successful, but no general engagement took place. The two armies lay in such a positionthe enemy on the west bank of Opequon Creek, covering Winchester, and our forces in front of Berryville * For subordinate reports of operations in the Shenandoah Valley and Maryland up to August 3, 1864, see Vbl. XXX VII, Part I Page 29 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 29 that either could bring on a battle at any tinie. Defeat to us would lay Ol)~H to the enemy the States of Maryland and Pennsylvania for long distances before another army could be interposed to check him. Uiider these circumstances I hesitated about allowing the initiative to be taken. Finally, the use of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which were both obstructed by the enemy, became so indispensably necessary to us, and the importance of relieving Pennsylvania and Maryland from continuously threatened invasion so great, that I determined the risk should be taken. But feai ing to telegr~uh the order for an attack without knowing more than I did of General Sheridans feeling as to what would be the probable result, I left City Point on the 15th of September to visit him at his headquarters, to decide, after conference with him, what should be done. 1 met him at (Jharlestown, and he pointed out so distinctly how each army lay, what he could do the moment he was authoized, and expressed such confidence of success that I saw there were but two words of instruction necessaryGo iu! For the convenience of forage the teams for supplying the army were kept at Haxpers Ferry. I asked him if he could get out his teams and supplies in time to make an attack on the ensuing Tuesday morning. His reply was that he could before daylight on Monday. He was off promptly to time, and I may here add that the result was such that I have never since deemed it necessary to visit General Sheridan before giving him orders. Early on the morning of the 19th General Sheridan attacked General Early at the crossing on the Opequon Creek, and after a most san- guinary and bloody battle, lasting until 5 oclock in the evening, de- feated him, with heavy loss, carrying his entire position from Ope- quon Creek to Winchester, capturing several thousand prisoners and five pieces of artillery. The enemy rallied and made a stand in a strong position at Fishers Hill, where he was attacked and again defeated with heavy loss on the 20th [22d]. Sheridan pursued him with great energy through Harrisonburg, Staunton, and the gaps of the Blue Ridge. After stripping the upper Yalley of most of the supplies and provisions for the rebel army, he returned to Strasburg and took posi- tion on the north side of Cedar Creek. Having received considerable re-enforcements, General Early again returned to the Yalley, and on the 9th of October his cavalry encoun- tered ours near Strasburg, where the rebels were defeated, with the loss of eleven pieces of artillery and 350 prisoners. On the night of the 18th the enemy crossed the mountains which separate the branches of the Shenandoah, forded the North Fork, and early on the morning of the 19th, under cover of the darkness and the fog, surprised and turned our left flank, capturing the batteries which enfiladed our whole line. Our troops fell back with heavy loss and in much confusion, but were finally rallied between Middletown and Newtown. At this juncture General Sheridan, who was at Winchester when the battle commenced, arrived on the field, arranged his lines just in time to repulse a heavy attack of the enemy, and un mediately assuinin g the offensive, he attacked in turn with great vigor. The enemy was defeated with great slaughter and the loss of most of his artillery and trains and the trophies he had captured in the morning. The wreck of his army escaped during the night and fled in the direction of Stiiuntou and Lynchburg. Pursuit was made to Mount Jackson. Thus ended this the enemys last attempt to invade the North via the Shenandoah Valley. I was now enabled to return the Sixth Corps to the Army of tIme Potomac, and send one divisiomf from Sheridans army to the Army of the James, and another t Page 30 30 N. A~ SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [C~. LVIII. Savannah, Ga., to hold Shermans new acquisitions on the sea-coast, and thus enable him to move without detaching from his force for that purpose.* Reports from various sources led me to believe that the enemy had detached three divisions from Petersbarg to re-enforce Early in the Shenandoah Valley. I therefore sent the Second Corps and Greggs division of cavalry, of the Army of the Potomac, and a force of General Butlers army, on the night of the 13th of August, to threaten Richmond from the north side of the James, to prevent him from sending troops away, and, if possible, to draw back those sent. In this move we cap- tured six pieces of artillery and several hundred prisoners, detained troops that were under marching orders, and ascertained that but one division (Kershaws) of the three reputed detached had gone. Time enemy having withdrawn heavily from Petersburg to resist this move- ment, the Fifth Corps, General Warren commanding, was moved out on the 18th and took possession of the Weldon railroad. During the day he had considerable fighting. To regain possession of the road the enemy made repeated and desperate assaults, but was each time re- pulsed with great loss. Omi the night of the 20th the troops on the north side of the James were withdrawn, and Hancock and Gregg returned to the front of Petersburg. On the 25th the Second Corps and Greggs division of cavalry, while at Reams Station destroying the railroad, were attacked, and after desperate fighting a part of our line gave way and five pieces of artillery fell into the hands of the enemy. By the 12th of September a branch railroad was completed from the City Point and Petersburg Railroad to the Weldon railroad, enabling us to supply without difficulty, in all weather, the army in front of Petersburg. The extension of our lines across the Weldon railroad compelled the enemy to so extend his that it seemed he could have but few troops north of the James for the defense of Richmond. On the night of the 28th the Tenth Corps, Major-General Birney, amid the Eighteenth Corps, Major-General Ord commanding, of General Butlers army, were crossed to the north side of the James, and advanced on the morning of the 29th, carrying the very strong fortifications and intrench- mnents below Chaffins Farm, known as Fort Harrison, capturing fifteen pieces of artillery amid the New Market road and intrenchments. This success was followed up by a gallant assault upomi Fort Gilmer, imme- diately in front of the Chaffins Farm fortifications, in which we were repnlsed with heavy loss. Kautzs cavalry was pushed forward on the road to the right of this, supported by infantry, and reached the enemys inner line, but was unable to get farther. The position captured from the enemy was so threatening to Richmond that I determined to hold it. The enemy made several desperate attempts to dislodge us, all of which were unsuccessful, and for which he paid dearly. On the moin- ing of the 30th General Meade sent out a reconnaissance, with a view to attacking the enemys line if it was found sufficiently weakened by withdrawal of troops to the north side. In this reconnaissance we cap- tured and held the enemys works near Poplar Spring Church. In the afternoon troops moving to get to the left of the point gained were attacked by the enemy in heavy force and compelled to fall back until supported by the forces holding the captured works. Our cavalry, under Gregg, was also attacked, but repulsed the enemny with great loss. On the 7th of October the enemy attacked Kautzs cavalry north * For subordinate reports of operations in the Shenandoah valley from August 4 to December 3i, 1864, see Vol. XLIII, Part I Page 31 CHAP. LvHI.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 31 of the James and drove it back, with heavy loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners, and the loss of all the artilleryeight or nine pieces. This he followed np by an attack on our intrenched infantry line, but was repulsed with severe slaughter. On the 13th a reconnaissance was sent out by General Butler, with a view to drive the enemy from some new works he was constructing, which resulted in very heavy loss to us. On the 27th the Army of the Potomac, leaving only sufficient men to hold its fortified line, moved by the enemys right flank. The Second Corps, followed by two divisions of the Fifth Corps, with the cavalry in advance and covering our left flank, forced a passage of Hatchers Run, and moved up the south side of it toward the South Side Railroad, until the Second Corps and part of the cavalry reached the Boydton plank road where it crosses hatchers Run. At this point we were six miles distant from the South Side Railroad, which I had hoped by this movement to reach and hold. But finding that we had not reached the end of the enemys fortifications, and no place presenting itself for a successful assault by which lie might be doubled up and shortened, I determined to withdraw to within our fortified lines. Orders were given accordingly. Immediately upon receiving a report that General Warren had coniiected with General Hancock I returned to my headquarters. Soon after I left the enemy moved out across Hatchers Run, in the gap between Generals Hancock and Warren, which was not closed as reported, and made a desperate attack on General Hancocks right and rear. General hancock imme- diately faced his corps to meet it, and after a bloody combat drove the enemy within his works, and withdrew that night to his old position. In support of this movement General Butler made a demonstration on the north side of the James, and attacked the enemy on the Williams- burg road and also on the York River Railroad. In the former he was unsuccessful; in the latter he succeeded in carrying a work which was afterward abandoned, and his forces withdrawn to their former posi- tion. From this time forward the operations in front of Petersburg and Richmond, until the spring campaign of 1865, were confined to the defense and extension of our lines and to offensive movements for crippling the enemys lines of communication and to prevent his detach- ing any considerable force to send south.* By the 7th of February our lines were extended to Hatchers Run, and the Weldon railroad had been destroyed to Hicksford. General Sherman moved from Chattanooga on the 6th of May, with the Armies of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Ohio, commanded, respectively, by Generals Thomas, McPherson, and. Schofield, upon Johnstons army at Dalton but finding the enemys positions at Buz- zard Roost, covering Dalton, too stroiig to be assaulted, General Mc- Plierson was sent through Snake [Creek] Gap to turn it, while Generals Thomas and Schofield threatened it in front amid on the north. This movement was successful. Johnston, finding his retreat likely to be cut off fell back to his fortified positioii at Resaca, where he was attacked on the afternoon of May 15. A heavy battle ensued. During the night the enemy retreated south. Late on the 17th his rear guard was overtaken near Adairsyille, and heavy skirmishing followed. The next morning, however, he had again disappeared. He was vigorously pursued and was overtaken at Cassyille on the 19th, but, during the * For subordinate reports of operations against Petersburg and Richmond from August 1 to December 31, 1864, see Vol. XLII, Part I Page 32 32 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CEM. LVIII. ensuing night, retreated across the Etowab. While these operations were going on, General Jefferson C. Davis division, of Thomas army, was sent to Rome, capturing it with its forts and artillery and its val- nable mills and foundries. General Sherman having giveu his army a few days rest at this point, again put it in motion on the 23d for Dallas, with a view of turning the difficult pass at Allatoona. On the after- iioon of the 25th the advance, nuder General Hooker, had a severe battle with the enemy, driving him back to New Hope Church, near Dallas. Several sharp encounters occurred at this point. The most important was on the 28th when the enemy assaulted General Mc- Pherson at Dallas, but received a terrible and bloody repulse. On the 4th of June Johnston abandoned his intrenched position at New Hope Church and retreated to the strong positions of Kenesaw, Piiie, and Lost Mountains. He was forced to yield the two last-named I)laces and concentrate his army on Kenesaw, where, on the 27th, Gen- erals Thomas and McPherson made a determined but unsuccessful assault. On the night of the 2d of July Sherman commenced moving his army by the right flank, and on the morning of the 3d found that the enemy, in consequence of this movement, had abandoned Kenesaw and retreated across the Chattahoochee. General Sherman remained on the Chattahoochee to give his men rest and get up stores until the 17th of July, when he resumed hi~ operations, crossed the Chattahoochee, destroyed a large portion of the railroad to Augusta, and drove the enemy back to Atlanta. At this place General Hood succeeded General Johnston in command of the rebel army, and, assuming the offensive-defensive policy, made several severe attacks upon Sherman in the vicinity of Atlanta, the most desper- ate and determined of which was on the 22d of July. About ip. m. of this day the brave, accomplished, and noble-hearted McPherson was killed. General Logan succeeded him, and commaiided the Army of the Tennessee throagh this desperate l)attle, and until he was super- seded by Major-Gemieral Howard, on the 26th, with the same success and ability that had characterized him in the command of a corps or division. In all these attacks the enemy was repulsed with great loss. Finding it impossible to entirely invest the place, Gemieral Sherman, after securing his line of communications across the Cliattahoochee, moved his main force round by the enemys left flank upon the Mont- gomery and Macon roads, to draw the enemy from his fortifications. In this he succeeded, and, after defeating the enemy near Rough and Ready, Jonesborough, and Lovejoys, forcing him to retreat to the south, on the 2d of September occupied Atlanta, the objective point of his cam- paign. About the time of this move the rebel cavalry, under Wheeler, attempted to cut his communications in the rear, but was repulsed at Dalton and driven into East Tennessee, whence it proceeded west to McMinuville, Murfreesborough, and Franklin, and was finally driven south of the Tennessee. The damage done by this raid was repaired in a few days. During the partial investment of Atlanta, General Rous- seau joined General Sherman with a force of cavalry from Decatur, having made a successful raid upon the Atlanta and Montgomery Rail- road and its branches near Opelika. Cavalry raids were also made by Generals MeCook, Garrard, and Stoneman to cut the remaining railroad communication with Atlanta. The first two were successfal; the latter disastrous. General Shermans movement from Chattanooga to Atlanta was prompt, skillful, and brilliant. The history of his flank movements and battles during that memorable campaign will ever be read wit Page 33 CHAP. LYILI.1 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 33 an interest unsurpassed by anything in history. His own report, and tlio~e of his subordinate commanders accompanying it, give the details of that most successful campaign.* He was dependent for the supply of his armies upon a single-track railroad from Nashville to the point where he was operating. This passed the entire distance through a hostile country, and, every foot of it had to be protected by troops. The cavalry force of the enemy under Forrest, in Northern Mississippi, was evidently waiting for Sherman to advance far enough into the mountains of Georgia to make a retreat disastrous, to get upon this line and destroy it beyond the possibility of further use. To guard against this danger Sherman left what he supposed to be a sufficient force to operate against Forrest in West Tennessee. He directed Gen- eral Washburn, who commanded there, to send Brig. Gen. S. D. Sturgis, in command 6f this force, to attack him. On the morning of the 10th of June General Sturgis met the enemy near Guntown, Miss., was badly beaten, and driven back in utter rout and confusion to Memphis, a distance of about 100 miles, hotly pursued by time enemy. By this, however, the enemy was defeated in his designs upon Shermans line of communications. The persistency with which he followed up this success exhausted him, and made a season for rest amid repairs neces- sary. In the nieantime Maj. Geni. A. J. Smith, with the troops of the Army of the Tennessee that had been sent by General Sherman to General Banks, arrived at Memnphis on their return from Red River, where they had done most excellent seivice. He was directed by Gen- eral Sherman to immediately take the offensive against Forrest. This lie did with the promptness and effect which has characterized his whole mnilitary career. On the 14th of July lie met the enemy at Tupelo, Miss., and whipped him badly. The fighting coiitiiiued through three days. Our loss was small compared with that of the enemy. Having accomplished the object of his expedition, General Smith returned to Memphiis.t During the mnonths of March and April this sanie force under Forrest annoyed us considerably. Oii time 24th of March it captured Union City, Ky., and its garrison, and on the 24th [25th] attacked Padncah, commanded by Col. S. (h Hicks, Fortieth Illinois Volunteers. Coloimel Hicks, having but a small force, withdrew to the forts iiear the river, from where he repulsed the enemy and drove Imim from the place. On the 13th of April part of this force, umider the rebel General Buford, summoned the garrison of Columbus, Ky.~to surrender, but received for reply from Colonel Lawrence, Thirty-fourth New Jersey Volunteers, that, being placed there by his Goverumnent within adequate force to hold his post and rep& 1 all enemies fromn it, sur- render was out of the question. On the morning of the same days Forrest attacked Fort Pillow, Tenn -, garrisoned by a detachment .of Teummessee cavalry and the First Regiment Alabama Colored Troops, commanded by Major Booth. The garrison fought bravely until about 3 oclock in the afternoon, when the enemny carried the works by assault, and, after our men threw down their arms, proceeded to an inhuman and merciless massacre of the garrison. On the 14th General Buford, having failed at Columbus, appeared before Padncah, but was again driven off. ___ _____ * For subordinate reports of the Atlaiita campaign, see Vol. XXXVIII, Parts I, II, and III. For subordinate reports of Sturgis and A. J. Smiths expe(litioIis, see Vol. XXXIX, Part I, pp. 85 and 250. A mistake. Forrest attacked Fort Pillow on April 12. ~ For subordinate reports of Forrests expedition into West Temimiessec and Ken. tacky, see Vol. XXXII, P art 1, p. 501. 3 1~ l~~YOL~ XI~YI, PT Page 34 34 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Guerrillas and raiders, seemingly emboldened by Forrests operations, were also very active in Kentucky. The most noted of these was Mor- gan. With a force of from 2,000 to 3,000 cavalry he entered the State through Pound Gap in the latter part of May. On the 11th of June he attacked and captured Cynthiana, with its entire garrison. On the 12th he was overtaken by General Burbridge an(1 completely routed, with heavy loss, and was finally driveii out of the State. This notorious guerrilla was afterward surprised and killed near Greeneville, Tenn., and his command captured and dispersed by General Gillem.* In the absence of official reports of the commencement of the Red River expedition, except so far as relates to the movements of the troops sent by General Sherman under A. J. Smith, I am unable to give the date of its starting. The troops under General Smith, comprising two divisions of the Sixteenth and a detachment of the Seventeenth Army Corps, left Yicksburg on the 10th of March and reached the designated point on Red River one day earlier than that appointed by General Banks. The rebel forces at Fort De Russy, thinking to defeat him, left the fort on the 14th to give him battle in the open field; but, while occupying the enemy with skirmishing and demonstrations, Smith pushed forward to Fort Dc Russy, which had. been left with a weak garrison, and captured it, with its garrison, about 350 men, eleven pieces of artillery, and many small-arms. Our loss was but slight. On the 15th he pushed forward to Alexandria, which place he reached on the 18th. On the 21st he had an engagement with the enemy at Hender- sons Hill, in which he defeated him, capturing 210 prisoners and four pieces of artillery. On the 2Sth he again attacked and defeated the enemy, under the rebel General Taylor, at Cane River.t By the 26th General Banks had assembled his whole army at Alexandria and pushed forward to Grand Ecore. On the morning of April 6 he moved from Grand Ecore. On the afternoon of the 7th his advance engaged the enemy near Pleasant Hill and drove him froni the field. On the same afternoon the enemy made a stand eight miles beyond Pleasant Hill, but was again compelled to retreat. On the 8th, at Sabine Cross-Roads and Peach Hill, the enemy attacked and defeated his advance, capturing nineteen pieces of artillery and an immense amount of transportation and stores. During the night General Banks fell back to Pleasant Hill, where another battle was fought on the 9th, and the enemy repulsed with great loss. During the night General Banks continued his retro- grade movement to Grand Ecore, and thence to Alexandria,~ which he reached on the 27th of April. Here a serious difficulty arose in getting Admiral Porters fleet, which accompanied the expedition, over the rapids, the water having fallen so much since they passed up as to pre- vent their return. At the suggestion of Colonel (now Brigadier-Gen- eral) Bailey, and under his superintendence, wing- dams were con- structed, by which the channel was contracted so that the fleet passed down the rapids in safety. The army evacuated Alexandria on the 14th of May, after consider- able skirmishing with the enemys advance, and reached Morgauza and Point Coup~enear the end of the month. The disastrous termination of this expedition, and the lateness of the season, rendered impractica- ble the carrying out of my plans of a mnovemem~t in force sufficient to insure the capture of Mobile. * For subordinate reports of operations in Kentucky and East Tennessee, see Vol. XXXIX. t A mistake. A. J. Sniitlis coniniatid reached Cotile Landing March 28 Page 35 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 35 On the 23d of March Major-General Steele left Little ]Itock with the Seventh Army Corps to co-operate with General Banks expedition on Red giver, and reached Arkadeiphia on the 28th. On the 116th of April, after driving the enemy before him, he was joined near Elkins Ferry, in Onachita County, by General Thayer, who hadmarched from Fort Smith. After several severe skirmishes, in which the enemy was defeated, Gen- eral Steele reached Camden, which he occupied abont time middle of April. On learning the defeat and consequent retreat of General Banks on Red River and the loss of one of his own trains at Marks Mills, in Dallas County, General Steele determiimed to fall back to the Arkansas River. He left Camden on the 26th of April amid reached Little Rock on the 2d of May. On the 30th of April the enemy attacked him while crossing Saline River at Jenkins Ferry, but was repulsed with considerable loss. Our loss was about 600 in killed, woumuded, and l)risoners. Major-Gen- eral Canby, who had been assigned to the command of the Military Division of West Mississippi, was therefore directed to send the Nine- teenth Army Corps to join the armies operating against Richmond, and to limit the remainder of his comumand to such operations as might be necessary to hold the positions and lines of communications he then occupied. Before startimig General A. J. Smiths troops back to Sher- man, General Canby sent a part of it to disperse a force of the enemy that was collectimmg near the Mississippi River. General Smith met and defeated this force imear Lake Chicot on the 5th of June. Our loss was about 40 killed and 70 wounded. In the latter part of July General Canby sent Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, with such forces as he could collect, to co-operate with Admiral Farragut against the defenses of Mobile Bay. On the 8th of August Fort Gaines surrendered to the combined naval and land forces.- Fort Powell was blown up and aban- doned. On the ~th Fort Morgan was invested, and after a severe bom- bardment surrendered on the 23d. The total captures amnounted to 1,464 prisoners and 104 pieces of artillery.* About the last of August, it being reported that the rebel General Price, with a force of about 10,000 m en, had reached Jacksonport, on his way to invade Missouri, General A. J. Smiths command, then en route from Memphis to join Sherman, was ordered to Missouri. A cav- alry force was also, at the same time, sent from Memphis, under com- mand of Colonel Winslow. This made General Rosecrans forces supe- rior to those of Price, and no doubt was entertained he would be able to check Price and drive him back, while the forces umider General Steele in Arkansas, would cut off his retreat. Omi the 26th day of Septembei Price attacked Pilot Knob and forced the garrison to retreat, and themuce moved north to the Missouri River, and continued up that river toward Kansas. General Curtis, comnmnanding Department of Kansas, imme- diately collected such forces as he could to repel his invasion of Kansas, while General Rosecrans cavalry was operating in his rear. The enemy was brought to battle on the Big Blue amid defeated, with the loss of nearly all his artillery and trains and a large number of prisoners. He made a precipitate retreat to Northermi Arkansas. The impunity with which Price was enabled to roam over the State of Missouri for a long time, and the incalculable mischief done by him, shows to how little purpose a superior force may be used. There is no reason why General Rosecrans should not have concentrated his forces and beaten and driven Price before the latter reached Pilot Knob.t * For subordinate reports of operations against Mobile, see Vol. XXXIX, Part I, P 402. For subordinate reports of operations in Missouri, see Vol. XLI, Part I Page 36 36 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYJII. September 20 the enemys cavalry nuder Forrest crossed the Ten- nessee near Waterloo. Ala., and on the 23d attacked the garrison at Athens, consisting of 600 men, which capitulated on the 24th. Soon after the surrender two regiments of re-enforcements arrived, and, after a severe fight, were compelled to surrender. Forrest destroyed the railroad westward, captured the garrison at Sulphur Branch trestle, skirmished with the garrison at Pulaski on the 27th, and on the same day cut the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad near Tullahoina and iDecherd. On the morning of the 30th one column of Forrests coni- mand, under Buford, appeared before Huntsville, and summoned the surrender of the garrison. Receiving an answer in the negative, he remained in the vicinity of the place until next morning, when he again summoned its surrender, and received the same reply as on the night before. He withdrew mi the direction of Athens, wlii ch place had been regarrisoned, and attacked it on the afternoon of the 1st of October, but without success. On the morning of the 2d he renewed his attack, but was handsomely repulsed. Another column, under Forrest, appeared before Columbia on the morning of the 1st, but (lid not make an attack. On the morning of the 3d he moved toward Mount Pleasant. While these operations were going on every exertion was made by General Thomas to destroy the forces un(ler Forrest before he could recross the Tennessee, but was unable to prevent his escape to Corinth, Miss. In September an expeditioui under General Burbridge was sent to (lestroy the salt-works at Saltville Va. He met the emiemy on the 2d of October, about three miles and a half from Saltville, amid drove him iito his strongly-intrenched position around the salt-works, from which he was unable to dislodge him. l)uring the night he withdrew his command and returned to Kentncky.* General Sherman, immediately after the fall of Atlanta, put his armies in camp in and about the place, and made all preparations for refitting and supplying them for future service. The great length of road from Atlanta to the Cumnberland River, however, which had to be guarded, allowed the troops but little rest. During this time Jeff. Davis made a speech in Macon, Ga., which was reported in the papers of the South, and soon became kmiowmi to the whole country, disclosing the plans of the enemy, tInts enabling Gen- eral Sherman to fully meet them. He exhibited the weakness of sup- posing that an army that had beet) beaten amid fearfully decimated in a vain attempt at the defensive could successfully undertake the offensive against the army that had so often defeated it. In execution of this plan, Hood, with his army, was soon reported to the southwest of Atlanta. Moving far to Shermans right, lie succeeded in reaching the railroad about Big Shanty, and moved north on it. General Sherman, leaving a force to hold Atlanta, with the remain- der of his army fell upon him and drove him to Gadsden, Ala. Seeing the constant annoyance lie would have with the roads to his rear if we attempted to hold Atlanta, General Sherman proposed the abandomi- ment and destruction of that place, with all tIme railroads leading to it, and telegraphed me as follows: CnxrnEvux~LE, GA., October 10, 1864noon. Lieutenant-General GRANT: Dispatch about Wilson just received. Hood is now crossing Coosa River, twelve miles below Rome, bound west, if he passes over the Mobile and Ohio road, had I * For subordiu~te reports of operatlotis in Almib ni and Tennessee, see Vol. XXXIX Page 37 CHAP. LYTlI.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 37 not better execute the plan of my letter sent by Colonel Porter, and leave General Thomas, with the troops now in Tennessee, to defend the State~ He will have an aml)le force when the re-enforcements ordered reach Nashville. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General. For a fill understanding of the plan referred to in this dispatch, I quote from the letter sent by Colonel Porter: I will therefore give my opinion that your army and Canbys should be re-enforced to the maximum; that, after you get Wi]mington, you strike for Savannah and the river; that Canbybe instructed to hold the Mississippi River, and send a force to get Columbus, Ga., either by the way of the Alabama or Apalachicola, and that I keep hood employed and put my army in final order for a iiiarch on Augusta, Columbia, and Charleston, to he ready as soon as Wilmington is sealed as to commerce and the city of Savannah is in our possession. This was in reply to a letter of mine of (late September 12, in answer to a dispatch of his containing substantially the same proposition, and in which I informed him of a propose(l movement against Wilmington, and of the situation in Virginia, & c. CITY PomNr, VA., October 11, 186411 a. rn. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHEIIMA~: Your dispatch of October 10 received. i)oes it not look as if Hood was going to atteml)t the invasion of Middle Tenimessee, using time Mobile and Ohio and Memphis and Clmarleston roads to supply his base on the Tennessee River, about Florence or Decatur? If be does this, he ought to be muet and prevemmted froum getting north of the Tennessee River. If you were to cut loose, I do not believe you would meet Hoods army, l)ut would be bushwhacked by all the old men, little boys, and such railroad guards as are still left at home. Hood would probably strike for Nashville, thinking that by going north be could inflict greater damage upon us than we could upon the rebels by going south. If there is any way of getting at Hoods army, I would prefer that; but I must ttust to your own judgment. 1 find I simall not be able to send a force from here to act with yomm on Savannah. Your movements, therefore, will be independent of mine, at least until the fall of Richmond takes l)lace. I am afraid Thomas, with such lines of road as he has to protect, coimld not prevent Hood from going north. With Wilson turned loose with all your cavalry, you will find the rebels put much more on the defensive than heretofore. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. KINGSTON, GA., October 11, 1864-il a. rn. L~utenant-General GRANT: Hood moved his army from Palmuetto Station across by Dallas and Cedartown, and is now on the Coosa River, south of Rome. He tlmrew one corps on my road at Acworth and I was forced to follow. I hold Atlanta with the Twentietlm Corps, and have strong detachments along my line. This reduces my active force to a comparatively small army. We cannot remain here on the defensive With the 25,000 men, and the bold cavalry he has, he can constantly break my roads. I would infinitely prefer to make a wreck of the road and of the country from Chat- tanooga to Atlanta, including the latter city, send back all my wounded and worth- less, and, with my effective army, muove through Georgia, smashing things to the sea. Hood may turn into Tennessee and Kentucky, but I believe he will be forced to follow me. Instead of my being on the defensive, I would be on the offensive; instead of guessing at what he means to do, he would have to gmiess at my plans. The difference in war is full 25 per cent. I camm make Savannah, Charleston, or the mouth of the Chattahopchee. Answer quick, as I know we will not have the tel- egra ph long. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-C eneral. CITY POINT, VA., October 11, 18~41l.3O p. m. Maj. Gen. XV. T. SHERMAN: Your dispatch of to-day received. If yoim are satisfied the trip to the sea-coast can be made, holding the line of the Tennessee River firmly, you may make it, destroyiug all time railroad south of Dalton or Chattanooga, as you think best. ~. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General Page 38 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. Lviii. It was the original design to hold Atlanta, and by getting through to the coast,with a garrison left on the southern railroads leading east and west through Georgia, to effectually sever the East from the West; in other words, cut the would-be Coiifederacy in two again, as it had been cut once by our gaining possession of the Mississippi River. General Shermans plan virtually effected this object. General Sherman coin- menced at once his preparations for his proposed movement, keeping his army in position in the mean time to watch Hood. Becoming satisfied that Hood had moved westward from Gadsdeu across Sand Mountain, General Sherman sent the Fourth Corps, Major-General Stan- ley commanding, and the Twenty-third Corps, Major-General Schofield commanding, back to Chattanooga to report to Major-General Thomas, at Nashville, whom lie had placed in command of all the troops of his mili- tary division save the four army corps an(l cavalry division he designed to move with through Georgia. With the troops thus left at his dis- posal, there was little doubt that General Thomas would hold the line of the Tennessee, or in the event Hood shouldforce it, would be able to con- centrate and beat him in battle. It was therefore readily consented to that Sherman should start for the sea-coast. Having concentrated his troops at Atlanta by the 14th of November, lie commenced his march, threatening both Augusta and Macon. His coming-out point could not be definitely fixed. having to gather his subsistence as lie marched through the country, it was not impossible that a force inferior to his own might compel him to head for such l)oint as he could reach, instead of such as lie might prefer. The blindness of the enemy, however, in ignoring his movement, and sending Hoods army, the only consider- able force he had west of Richmond and east of the Mississippi River, northward on an offensive campaign, left the whole country open and Shermans route to his own choice. How that campaign was conducted, how little opposition was met with, the condition of the country through which the armies passed, the capture of Fort McAllister, on the Savan- nah River, and the occupation of Savannah oim the 21st of December, are all clearly set forth in General Simermans admirable report.* Soon after General Sherman commenced his march from Atlanta, two expeditions, omie from Baton Rouge, La., and one from Vicks- burg, Miss., were started by General Canby to cut the enem~rs lines of communication with Mobile and detain trool)s in that field. Gen- eral Foster, commanding Department of the South, also sent an expedi- lion, via Broad River, to destroy the railroad between Charleston and Savannah. The expedition from Vicksburg, under command of Bvt. Brig. Gen. E. I). Osband (colonel Third U. S. Colored Cavalry), cap- tured, on the 27th of November, and destroyed the Mississippi Central Railroad bridge and trestle-work over Big Black River, near Canton, thirty miles of the road, and two locomotives, besides large amounts of stores. The expeditmon from Baton Rouge was without favorable results. The expeditiomi from the Department of the South, under the immediate command of Brig. (icIl. John P. Hateb, consisting of about 5,000 men of all arms, including a brigade from the Navy, proceeded up Broad River and embarked at Boyds Neck on the 29th of Novem- ber, from where it moved to strike the railroad at Grahamville. At Honey Hill, about three miles from Grahamville, the enemy was found and attacked in a strongly fortified l)OsitiOn, which resulted, after severe fighting, in our repulse, with a loss of 746 in killed, wounded, and miss- ing. During the night General Hatch withdrew. On the 6th of Tor subordiiiate reports of the Savannah campaign, see Vol. XLIV Page 39 CHAP. LYIII.~ 39 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. December General Foster obtained a 1)OsitiOll covering the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. between the Coosawh atchie and Tulifinny Rivers. flood, instead of following Sherman, continued his move north- ward, which seemed to me to be leading to his certain doom. At all events had I had the power to command both armies, I shonld not have changed the orders nuder which he seemed to be acting. On the 26th of October the advance of Hoods army attacked the garrison at Decatur, Ala., but failing to carry the place, withdrew toward Court- land, and succeeded, in the face of our cavalry, in effecting a lodgment on the north side of the Tennessee River, near Florence. On the 28th Forrest reached the Tennessee, at Fort Heiman, and captured a gun- boat and three transports. Oii the 2d of November he planted batteries above and below Johnsoiiville, on the opposite side of the river, isolat- ing three gun-boats and eight transports. On the 4th the enemy opened his batteries upon the place, and was replied to from the gun- boats and the garrison. The gnu-boats becoming disabled were set on fire, as also were the transports, to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy. About $1,500,000 worth of stores and property on the levee and in store-houses was consumed by fire. On the 5th the enemy disappeared and crossed to the north side of the Tennessee River, above Johusonville, moving toward Clifton, and subsequently joined Hood. On the night of the 5th General Schofield, with the advance of the Twenty-third Corps, reached Johusonville, but finding the enemy gone, was ordered to Pulaski, and put in command of all the troops there, with instructions to watch the movements of Hood and retard his advance, but not to risk a general engagement until the arrival of General A. J. Smiths command from Missouri, and until General Wil- son could get his cavalry remounted. On the 19th General Hood continued his advance. General Thomas, retarding him as much as possible, fell back toward Nashville for the purpose of concentrating his command and gaining time for the arrival of re-enforcements. The enemy coming up with our main force, com- manded by General Schofield, at Franklin, on the 30th, assaulted our works repeatedly during tlie afternoon until late at night, but were in every instance repulsed. His loss in this battle was 1,750 killed, 702 prisoners, and 3,800 wonnded. Among his losses were 6 general officers killed, 6 wounded, and 1 captured. Our entire loss was 2,300. This was the first serious opposition the enemy met with, and I am satisfied was the fatal blow to all his expectations. l)uring the night General Schofield fell back toward Nashville. This left the field to the enemy not lost by battle, but voluntarily abandonedso that General Thomas whole force might be brought together. The enemy followed up and comumenced the establishment of his line in front of Nashville on the 2d of December. As soon as it was ascertained that Hood was crossing the Tennessee River, amid that Price was going out of Missouri, General Rosecrans was ordered to send to General Thomas the troops of General A. J. Smiths command and such other troops as he could spare. The advance of this re-enforcement reached Nashville on the 30th of Novem- ber. On the morning of the 15th of December General Thomas attacked Hood in position, and, in a battle lasting two days, defeated and drove him from the field in the utmost confusion, leaving in our hands most of his artillery and many thousand prisoners, includingfour general officers. Before the battle of Nashville I grew very impatientover, asitappeared to me, the unnecessary delay. This impatience was increased upon learning that the enemy had sent a force of cavalry across the Cu Page 40 40 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. rOHAP. LVIII. berland into Kentucky. I feared Hood would cross his whole army and give us great trouble there. After urging upon General Thomas the necessity of immediately assuming the offensive, I started west to superintend matters there in person. Reaching Washington City, I received General Thomas dispatch announcing his attack upon the enemy, and the result as far as the battle had progressed. I was delighted. All fears and apprehensions were dispelled. I am not yet satisfied but that General Thomas. immediately upon the appearance of Hood before Nashville, and before he had time to fortify, should have moved out with his whole force and given him battle, instead of waiting to remount his cavalry, which delayed him until the inclemency of the weather made it impracticable to attack earlier than he did. But his final defeat of Hood was so complete tha.t it will be accepted as a vindication of that distinguished officers judgment. After Hoods defeat at Nashville he retreated, closely pursued by cavalry and infantry, to the Tennessee River, being forced to abandon many pieces of artillery and most of his transportatioiu. On the 28th of 2December our advance forces ascertained that he had made good his escape to the south side of the river. About this time, the rains having set in heavily in Tennessee and North Alabama, 11~aking it difficult to move army transportation and artillery, General Thomas stopped the pursuit by his main force at the Tennessee River. A small force of cavalry, under Col. W. J. Palmer, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, continued to follow Hood for some distance, capturing con- siderable transportation and the enemys pontoon bridge. The details of these operations will be found clearly set forth in General Thomas report. * A cavalry expedition, under Brevet Major-General Grierson, started from Memphis on the 21st of December. On the 25th he surprised and captured Forrests dismounted camp at Verona. Miss., on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, destroyed the railroad, sixteen cars loaded with wagons and pontoons for Hoods army, 4,000 new English carbines, and large amounts of public stores. On the morning of the 28th lie attacked and captured a force of the enemy at Egypt, and destroyed a train of fourteen cars; thence, turning to the southwest, he struck the Mississippi Central Railroad at Winona, destroyed the factories and large amounts of stores at Bankston, and the machine-shops and public property at Grenada, arriving at Vicksburg January 5. During these operations in Middle Tennessee, the enemy, with a force under General Breckinridge, entered East Tennessee. On the 13th of Novem- ber he attacked General Gillem near Morristown, capturing his artil- lery and several hundred prisoners. Gillem, with what was left of his command, retreated to Knoxville. Following up his success, Breckin- ridge moved to near Knoxville, but withdrew on the 18th, followed by General Ammen. Under the directions of General Thomas, General Stoneman concentrated the commands of Generals Burbridge and Gillem near Beans Station, to operate against Breckinrid ge and de- stroy or drive him into Virginia, destroy the salt-works at Saltville and the railroad into Virginia as far as he could go without endangering his command. On the 12th of December he commenced his movement, capturing and dispersing the enemys forces wherever he met them. On the 16th he struck the enemy under Vaughn at Marion, completely routing and pursuing him to Wytheville, capturing all his artillery, trains, and 198 prisoners, and destroyed Wytheville, with its stores and supplies, and the extensive lead-works near there. Returning to Marion, * For subordinate reports of the Nashville campaign, see Vol. XLV, Part I Page 41 CHAP. LVUI.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 41 he met a force under Breckinridge, consisting, among other troops, of the garrison of Saltville that had started in pursuit. He at once made arrangements to attack it the next morning, but morning found Breck- inridge gone. He then moved directly to Saltvil~Ie, and destroyed the extensive salt-works at that place, a large amount of stores, and cap- tured eight pieces of artillery. Having thus successfully executed his instructions, he returned General Burbridge to Lexington and General Gillem to Knoxville. * Wilmington, IN. C., was the most important sea-coast port left to the enemy through which to get supplies from abroad and send cotton and other products out by blockade-runners, besides being a place of great strategic value. The navy had been making strenuous exertions to seal the harbor of Wilmington, but with only partial effect. The nature of the outlet of Cape Fear River was such that it required watching for so great a tlistance that, without possession of the land north of New Inlet or Fort Fisher, it was impossible for the navy to entirely close the harbor against the entraiice of blockade-runners. To secure the possession of this land required the co-operation of a land force, which I agreed to furnish. Immediately commenced the assemblage in Hampton Roads, under Admiral D. D. Porter, of the most formidable armada ever collected for concentration upon one given point. This necessarily attracted the attention of the enemy, as well as that of the loyal North, and through the imprudence of the public press, and very likely of officers of both branches of service, the exact ob~ject of the expedition became a subject of common discussion in the newspapers both North and South. The enemy, thus warned, prepared to meet it. This caused a postponement of the expedition until the latter part of November, when, being again called upon by Hon. G. V. Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, I agreed to furnish the men required at once, aiid went myself, in company with Major-General Butler, to Hampton Roads, where we had a conference with Admiral Porter as to the force required and the time of starting. A force of 6,500 men was regarded as sufficient. The time of starting was not definitely arranged, but it was thought all would be ready by the 6th of December, if not before. Learning on the 30th of November that Bragg had gone to Georgia, taking with him most of the forces about Wilmington, I deemed it of the utmost importance that the expedition should reach its destination before the return of Bragg. and directed General Butler to make all arrangements for the departure of Major-General Weitzel, who had been designated to command the land forces, so that the navy might not be detained one moment. On the 6th of December the following instructions were given: CITY POINT, VA., December 6, 1864. Maj. Gen. B. F. BUTLER: GENERAL: The first object of the expedition under General Weitzel is to close to the enemy the port of Wilmington. If successful in this, the second will be to cap- ture Wilmington itself. There are reasonable grounds to hope for success if advan- tage can be taken of the absence of the greater part of the enemys forces now looking after Sherman in Georgia. The directions you have given for the nmunbers and equipment of the expedition are all right, except in the unimportant matter of where they embark and the amount of intrenching tools to be taken. The object of the expedition will be gained l)y effecting a landing on the mainland between Cal)e Fear River and the Atlantic, north of the north entrance to tbe river. Should such landing be effected while the eneniy still holds Fort Fisher and the batteries guard- ing the entrance to the river, then the troops should intrench themselves, and, by co-operating with the navy, effect the reduction and capture of those places. These * For subordinate reports of operations in East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia, see Vol. XLV, Part I Page 42 42 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W.V A., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. in our hands, the navy could enter the harbor, and the port of Wilmington would be sealed. Should Fort Fisher and the point of land unwhich it is built fall into the hands of our troops inimediately on landing, then ii will be worth the attempt to capture Wilmington by a forced march and surprise. If time is consumed in gain- ing the first object of the expedition, the second will become a matter of after con- sideration. The details for execution are intrusted to you and the officer immediately in com- mand. of the troops. Should the troops under General Weitzel fail to effect a landing at or near Fort Fisher, they will be returned to the armies operating against Eichmond withont delay. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. General Butler commanding the army from which the troops were taken for this enterprise, and the territory within which they were to operate, military courtesy required that all orders and instructions should go through him. They were so sent; but General Weitzel has since officially informed me that he never received the foregoing instruc- tions, nor was he aware of their existence until he read General Butlers published official report of the Fort Fisher failure, with my indorse- ment and papers accompanying it. I had no idea of General Butlers accompanying the expedition until the evening before it got off from Bermuda Hundred, and then did not dream but that General Weitzel had received all the instructions and would be in command. A rather formed the idea that General Butler was actuated by a desire to wit- ness the effect of the explosion of the powder-boat. The expedition was detained several days at Hampton Roads awaiting the loading of the powder-boat. The importance of getting the Wilmington expedition oft without any delay, with or without the powder-boat, had been urged upon General Butler, and he advised to so notify Admiral Porter. The expedition finally got off on the 13th of December, and arrived at The place of rendezvous (off New Inlet, near Fort Fisher) on the evening of the 15th. Admiral Porter arrived on the evening of the 18th, having put in at Beaufort to get ammunition for the monitors. The sea becom- ing rough, making it difficult to land troops, and the supply of water and coal being about exhausted, the transport fleet put back to Beau- fort to replenish; this, with the state of the weather, delayed the return to the place of rendezvous until the 24th. The powder-boat was exploded on the morning of the 24th before the return of General Butler from Beaufort, but it would seem from the notice taken of it in the Southern newspapers that the enemy were never enlightened as to the object of the explosion until they were informed by the Northern press. On the 25th a landing was effected without opposition, and a recon- naissance, under Brevet Brigadier-General Curtis, pushed up toward the fort. But before receiving a full report of the result of this recon- naissance, General Butler, in direct violation of the instructions given, ordered the re-embarkation of the troops and the return of the expedi- tion. The re-embarkation was accomplished by the morning of the 27th. On the return of the expedition, officers and menamong them Bvt. Maj. Gen. (then brevet brigadier-general) N. M. Curtis, First Lient. G. W. Ross, Regiment Vermont Volunteers [One hundred and seventeenth New York], First Lient. William H. Walling, and Second Lieut. George Simpson, One hundred and forty-second New York Vol- unteersvoluntarily reported to me that when recalled they were nearly into the fort, and, in their opinion, it could have been taken without much loss.* For subordinate reports of Butlers expedition, see Vol. XLII, Part I Page 43 CHAP. LYTH.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 43 Soon after the return of the expedition, I received a dispatch from the Secretary of the Navy and a letter from Admiral Porter, informing me that the fleet was still off Fort Fisher, and expressing the convic- tion that, nude a , e place could be taken. The natural proper leader th supposition with me was that, when the troops abandoned the expedi- tion, the navy wonld do so also. Finding it had not, however, I answered on the 30th of December, advising Admiral Porter to hold on, and that I would send a force and make another attempt to take the place. This time I selected Bvt. Maj. Gen. (now major-general) A. II. Terry to command the expedition. Tue troops composing it consisted of the same that composed the former, with the addition of a small brigade, numbering about 1,500, and a small siege train. The latter it was never found necessary to land. I communicated direct to the com- mander of the expedition the following instructions: CITY POINT, vA., January 3, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. A. H. TERRY: GENERAL: The expedition intrusted to your command has been fitted out to renew the attempt to capture Fort Fisher, N. C., and Wilmington ultimately, if the fort falls. You will then proceed, with as little delay as possible, to the naval fleet lying off Cape Fear River, and report the arrival of yourself and command to Admiral D. D. Porter, commanding North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. It is exceedingly desirable that the most complete understanding should exist between yourself and the naval commander. I suggest, therefore, that you consult with Adluiral Porter freely, and get from him the part to be performed by each branch of the public service, so that there may he unity of action. It would be well to h ave the whole programme laid (lowa in writing. I have served with Admiral Porter, and know that you can rely on his judgment and his nerve to under- take what he proposes. I would, therefore, defer to him as much as is consistent with your own responsibilities. The first object to be attained is to get a firm posi- tion on the spit of land on which Fort Fisher is built, from which you can operate against that fort. You want to look to the practicability of receiving your supplies, and to defending yourself against superior forces sent against you by any of the avenues left open to the enemy. If such a position can be obtained, the siege of Fort Fisher will not be abandoned until its reduction is accomplished or another plan of campaign is ordered from these headquarters. My own views are that, if you effect a landing, the navy ought to run a portion of their fleet into Cape Fear River, while the balance of it operates on the outside. Land forces cannot invest Fort Fisher, or cut it off from supplies or re-enforcements, while the river is in possession of the enemy. A siege train will be loaded on vessels and sent to Fort Monroe, in readiness to be sent to you if required. All other supplies can be drawn from Beaufort as you need them. Keep the fleet of vessels with you until your position is assured. When you find they can be spared, order them back, or such of them as you can spare, to Fort Monroe, to report for orders. In case of failure to effect a landing, bring your com- mand back to Beaufort, and report to these headquarters for further instructions. You will not debark at Beaufort until so directed. General Sheridan has been ordered to send a division of troops to Baltimore and place them on sea-going vessels. These troops will be brought to Fort Monroe and kept there on the vessels until you are heard from. Should you require them, they -will be sent you. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Lient. Col. C. B. Comstock, aide-de-camp (now brevet brigadier-gen- eral), who accompanied the former expedition, was assigned in orders as chief engineer to this. It will be seen that these instructions did not differ materially from those given for the first expedition, and that in neither instance was there an order to assault Fort Fisher. This was a matter left entirely to the (liscretioli of the commanding officer. The expedition sailed from Fort Monroe on the morning of the 6th, arriving on the rendezvous, off Beaufort, on the 8th, where, owing to the diffi- culties of the weather, it lay until the morning of the 12th, when it go Page 44 44 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. under way and reached its destination that evening. Under cover of the fleet, the disembarkation of the troops commenced on the morning of the 13th, and by 3 ~. m. was completed without loss. On the 14th a reconnaissance was 1)ushed to within 500 yards of Fort Fisher and a small advance work taken possession of and turned into a defensive line against any attempt that might be made from the fort. This recon- naissance disclosed the fact that the front of the work had been sen- oushy injured by the navy fire. In the afternoon of the 15th the fort was assaulted, and, after most desperate fighting, was captured, with its entire garrison and armament. Thus was secured, by the combined efforts of the navy and army, one of the most important successes of the war. Onr loss was, killed, 110; woun(led, 536. On the 16th and 17th the enemy abandoned and blew up Fort Caswell and the works on Smiths Island, which were immediately occupied by us. This gave us entire control of the mouth of the Cape Fear iRiver.* At my request, Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler was relieved, and Maj. Gemi. E. 0. C. Ord assigned to the command of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina. The defense of the line of the Tennessee no longer requiring the force which had beaten and nearly destroyed the only army threatening it, I determined to find other fields of operation for General Thomas surplus troopsfields from which they would co-operate with other movements. General Thomas was therefore directed to collect all troops not essential to hold his communications at Eastport, in readiness for orders. On the 7th of January General Thomas was directed, if he was assured of the departure of Hood south from Corinth, to send General Schofield with his corps East with as little delay as possible. This direction was promptly complied with, and the advance of the corps reached Washington on the 23d of the same month, whence it was sent to Fort Fisher and New Berne. On the 26th lie was directed to send General A. J. Smiths command and a division of cavalry to report to General Canby. By the 7th of February the whole force was en route for its destination. The State of North Carolina was constituted into a military depart- ment, and General Schofield assigned to command, and placed under the orders of Major-General Sherman. The following instructions were given him: CITY POINT, VA., January 31, 1865. Maj. Gen. J. M. SCHOFIELD: GENERAL: * * Your movements are intended as co-operative with Shermans through the States of South and North Carolina. The first point to be attained is to secure Wilmington. Goldsborough will then be your objective point, moving either from Wilmington or New Berne, or both, as you deem best. Should you not be able to reach Goldsborough, you will advance on the line or lines of railway con- necting that place with the sea-coast, as near to it as you can, building the road behind you. The enterprise under you has two objects: the first is, to give General Sherman material aid, if needed, in his march north; the second, to open a base of supplies for him on his line of march. As soon, therefore, as you can determine which of the two poiuts, Wilmington or New Berne, you can best use for throwing sIIpl)lies from to the interior, you will commence the accumulation of twenty days rations and forage for 60,000 men and 20,000 animals. You will get of these as many as you can house and protect to such point in the interior as you may be able to occupy. I believe General Palmer has received soiue instructions direct from Gen- eral Sherman on the subject of securing s.upplies for his army. You can learn what steps he has taken, and be governed in your requisitions accordingly. A supply of ordnance stores will also he necessary. * For subordinate reports of Terrys expedition, see p. 393 Page 45 CHAP. LV~.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 45 Make all requisitions upon the chiefs of their respective (lepartments in the field with me at City Point. Communicate with inc by every opportunity, and, should you (leem it necessary at any time, send a special boat to Fort Monroe, from which point you can communicate by telegraph. The supplies referred to in these instructions are exclusive of those required for your own command. The movements of the enemy may justify or even make it your imperative duty to cut loose from your base and strike for the interior to aid Sherman. In such case you will act on your own judgment, without waiting for instructions. You will report, however, what you purpose doing. The details for carrying out these instruc- tions are necessarily left to you. I would urge, however, if I (lid not know that you are already fully alive to the importance of it, prompt action. Sherman may be looked for in the neighborhood of Goldsborough any time from the 22d to the 28th of February; this limits your time very materially. If rolling-stock is not secured in the capture of Wilmington, it can be supplied from Washington. A large force of railroad men have already been sent to Beau- fort, and other mechanics will go to Fort Fisher in a day or two. On this point I have informed you hy telegraph. ~. ~. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Previous to giving these instructions I had visited Fort Fisher, aecompanied by General Schofield, for the purpose of seeing for myself the condition of things, and personally conferring with General Terry and Admiral Porter as to what was best to be done. Anticipating the arrival of General Sherman at Savannahhis army entirely foot-loose, Hood being then before Nashville, Teiin., the South- eni railroads destroyed, so that it would take several mouths to re-es- tablish a through line from west to east, and regarding the capture of Lees army as the most important operatiou toward closing the rebel- lionI sent orders to General Sherman, on the 6th of December, that after establishing a base on the sea-coast, with necessary garrison, to iii- elude all his artillery and cavalry, to come by water to City Point with the balance of his command.* On the 18th of December, having received information of the defeat and utter rout of Hoods army by General Thomas, and that, owing to the great difficulty of procuring ocean transportation, it would take over two months to transport ~herinans army, aii(l doubting whether he might not contribute as much toward the desired result by operating from where lie was, I wrote to him to that effect and asked him for his views as to what would be best to do.* A few days after this I received a communication from General Sher- man, of (late 16th December,* acknowledgiiig the receipt of my order of the 6th, and informing me of his preparations to carry it imito effect as soon as lie could get transportation; also, that he had expected, upon reducing Savannah, instantly to march to Columbia, S. C., thence to Raleigh, and thence to report to me; but that this would consume about six weeks time after the fall of Savannah, whereas by sea lie could probably reach me by the middle of January. The confidence he manifested in this letter of being able to march up and join me pleased me, and without waiting for a reply to my letter of the 18th I directed him, on the 28th [27th*] of December, to make preparations to start, as lie proposed without delay to break up the railroads in North and South Carolina and join the armies operating against Richmond as soon as he could. On the 21st of January I informed General Sherman that I had ordered the Twenty-third Corps, Major-General Schofield commanding, East; that it numbered about 21,000 men; that we had at Fort Fisher about 8,000 men, at New Berne about 4,000 that if Wilmington was 8ie YQ1, XLIV, pp. ~S, 740, 726~ ~iwl ~2O, respectively Page 46 46 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. captured, General Schofield would go there; if not, he would be sent to New Berne; that, in either event, all the surplus force at both points would move to the interiot toward Goldsborongh, in co-operation with his movement; that from either point railroad communication could be run out; and that all these troops would be subject to his orders as he came into communication with them. In obedience to his instructions, General Schofield proceeded to reduce Wilmington, N. C. in co-oper- ation with the navy under Admiral Porter, moving his forces up both sides of the Cape Fear River. Fort Anderson, the enemys main defense on the west bank of the river, was occupied on the morning of the 19th, the enemy having evacuated it after our appearance before it. After fighting on the 20th and 21st, our troops entered Wilmington on the morning of the 22d, the enemy having retreated toward Golds- borough during the night. Preparations were at once made for a movement on Goldsborough in two columnsone from Wilmino-ton and the other from New Berneand to repair the railroads leading there from each place, as well as to supply General Sherman by Cape Fear River, toward Fayetteville, if it became necessary. The column from New Berne was attacked on the 8th of March at Wises Forks, and driven back with the loss of several hundred prisoners. On the 11th the enemy renewed his attack Upon our intrenched position, but was repulsed with severe loss, and fell back during the night. On the 14th the Neuse River was crossed and Kiuston occupied, and on the 21st Goldsborough was entered. The column from Wilmington reached Coxs Bridge, on the Neuse River, ten miles above Goldsborough, on the 22d. By the 1st of February General Shermans whole army was in motion from Savannah. He captured Columbia, S. C., on the 17th; thence moved on Goldsborongh, N. C., via Fayetteville, reaching the latter place on the 12th of March, opening up communication with General Schofield by way of Cape Fear River. On the 15th he resumed his march on Goldsborough. He met a force of the enemy at Averasbor- ough, and after a severe fight defeated and compelled it to retreat. Our loss in the engagement was about 600; the enemys loss was much greater. On the 18th [19th] the combined forces of the enemy, under Joe Johnston, attacked his advance at Bentonville, capturing three guns and driving it back upon the main body. General Siocum, who was in the advance, ascertaining that the whole of Johnstons army was in the front, arranged his troops on the defensive, intrenched himself, and awaited re-enforcements, which were pushed forward. On the night of the 21st the enemy retreated to Smithfield, leaving his dead and wounded in our hands. From there Sherman continued to Goldsbor- ough, which place had been occupied by General Schofield on the 21st, crossing the Nense River ten miles above there, at Coxs Bridge, where General Terry had got possession and throwim a pontoon bridge, on the 22d, thus forming a junction with the columns from New Berne and Wilmington. Among the important fruits of this campaign was the fall of Charleston, S. C. It was evacuated by the enemy on the night of the 17th of February, and occupied by our forces on the l8th.* On the morning of the 31st of January General Thomas was directed to send a cavalry expedition, under General Stoneman, from East Ten- nessee, to penetrate South Carolina well down toward Columbia, to destroy the railroads and military resources of the country, and return, if he was able, to East Tennessee, by way of Salisbury, N. C., releasing * For 8Ubordlnate reports of the eampaigi~ of the Carolinas, see Vol. XLVII, Part I Page 47 C~. LVIfl.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 47 our prisoners there, if possible. Of the feasibility of this latter, how- ever, General Stoneman was to judge. Shermans movements, I had no doubt, would attract the attention of all the force the enemy could collect and facilitate the execution of this. General Stoneman was so late in making his start on this expedition, and Sherman having passed out of the State of South Carolina, on the 27th of February I directed General Thomas to change his course, and ordered him to repeat his raid of last fall, destroying the railroad toward Lynchbnrg as far as he could. This would keep him between our garrisons in East Tennessee and the enemy. I regarded it not impossible that in the event of the enemy being driven from Richmond, he might fall back to Lynchburg and attempt a raid north through East Tennessee. On the 14th of February the following communication was sent to General Thomas: CITY POINT, VA., February 14, 1865. Maj. Gen. G. H. THOMAS: General Canby is preparing a movement from Mobile Bay against Mobile and the interior ofAlabama. His force will consist of about 20,000 men, besides A. J. Smiths command. The cavalry you have sent to Canby will be debarked at Vicksburg. It, with the available cavalry already in that section, will move from there eastward in co-operation. Hoods army has been terribly reduced by the severe punishment you gave it in Tennessee, by desertion consequent upon their defeat, and now by the withdrawal of many of them to oppose Sherman. (I take it a large portion of the infantry has been so withdrawn. It is so asserted in the Richmond papers, and a member of the rebel Congress said a few days since in a speech that one-half of it had been brought to South Carolina to oppose Sherman.) This being true, or even if it is not true, Canbys movement will attract all the attention of the enemy, and leave the advance from your stand-point easy. I think it advisable, there fore, that you prepare as much of a cavalry force as you can spare, and hold it in readiness to go south. The object would be three-fold: First, to attract as much of the enemys force as possible to insure success to Canby; second, to destroy the enemys lines of communication and military resources; third, to destroy or capture their forces brought into the field. Tuscaloosa and Selma would probably be the points to direct the expedition against. This, however, would not be so important as the mere fact of penetrating deep into Alabama. Discretion should l)e left to the officer com- manding the expedition to go where, according to the informatioh he may receive, he will best secure the objects named above Now that your force has been so much depleted, I do not know what number of men you can put into the field. If not more than 5,000 men, however~, all cavalry, I think it will be sufficient. It is not desirable that you should start this expedition until the one leaving Vicksburg has been three or four days out, or even a week. I do not know when it will start, but will inform you by telegraph as soon as I learn. If you should hear through other sources before hearing froni me, you can act on the information received. To insure success, your cavalry should go with as little wagon train as possible, relying upon the country for supplies. I would also reduce the number of guns to a battery, or the number of batteries, and put the extra teams to the guns taken. No guns or caissons should be taken with less than eight horses. Please inform me by telegraph, on receipt of this, what force you think you will be able to send under these directions. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the 15th he was directed to start the expedition as soon after the 20th as he could get it off. I deemed it 1f the utmost importance, before a general movement of the armies operating against Richmond, that all communication with the city north of James River should be cut off. The enemy having withdrawn the bulk of his force from the Shenandoah Valley and sent it south, or replaced troops sent from Richmond, and desiring to re-enforce Sherman. if practicable, whose cavalry was greatly inferior in numbers to that of the enemy, I deter Page 48 48 N. AND SE. VA., N. CX, W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. mined to make a move from the Shenandoah, which, if successful, would accomplish the first, at least, and possibly the latter of these objects. I therefore telegraphed General Sheridan as follows: CITY POINT, VA., February JO, 18651 p. rn. Maj. Gen. P. H. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: As soon a.~ it is possible to travel I think you will have 110 difficulty about reaclung Lynchburg with a cavalry force alone. From there you could (lestroy the railroad and canal in every direction, so as to be of ito further use to the rebellion. - Sufficient cavalry should be left behind to look after Mosbys gang. From Lynch- burg, iqiuformation you might get there would jnstify it, you could strike south, heading the streams in Virginia to the westward of Danville, and push on and join General Sherman. This additional raidwith one now about starting front East Tennessee under Stoneman, nuiiibering 4,000 or 5,000 cavalry; one from Vicksburg, numbering 7,000 or 8,000 cavalry; one from Eastport, Miss., 10,000 cavalry; Canby froni Mobile Bay, with about 38,000 mixed troopsthese three latter pushing fbr Tuscaloosa, Selma, and Montgomery; and Sherman with a large army eating out the vitals of South Carolinais all that will be wanted to leave nothing for tile rebellion to staud upon. I would advise you to overcome great obstacles to accomplish this. Charleston was evacuated on Tuesday last. U. S. GRANT,~ Lieutenant- General. On the 25th I received a dispatch from General Sheridan, iliqinring where Sherman was aiming for, and if I could give him definite iidor- mation as to the points he might be expect e.d to move on this side of Charlotte, N. C. In answer the following telegram was sent him: CITY POINT, VA., February 25, 1865. Maj. Gen. P.11. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: Shermans movements will depend on the amount of opposition he meets with froni the enemy. If strongly opposed, he may possibly have to fall back to Georgetown, S. C., and lit out for a new start. I think, however, all danger for the necessity of going to that point has passed. I believe he has passed Charlotte. He may take Fayetteville on his way to Goldsborough. If you reach Lynchburg, you will have to be guided in your after muovemeiits by the iaformaation you obtain. Before you could possibly reach Sherman, I think you would find him moving from Goldsborongh toward Raleigh, or engaging the enemy strongly posted at one or the other of these places, with railroad communications opened from his army to Wil- mington or New Berne. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. General Sheridan moved from Winchester on the 27th of February with two divisions of cavalry numberilig about 5,000 each. On the 1st of March he secured the bridge, which the enemy attempted to destroy, across the Middle Fork of the Shenandoah, at Mount Craw. ford, and entered Staunton on the 2d, the enemy having retreated OIL Waynesborough. Thence lie l)ushed on to Waynesborough, where he found the enemy in force in an intrenched position, under General Early. Without stopping to mnake a reconnaissance, an immediate attack was made, the position was carried, amid 1,600 prisoners, 11 pieces of artillery, with horses and caissons complete, 200 wagons and teams loaded with subsistence, and 17 i)attle-fiags were captured. The prisoners, under an escort of 1,500 men, were sent back to Winchester. Thence he marched on Charlottesville, destroying effi~ctnally the rail- road and bridges as he went, whi cli place he reached on the 3d. Here he remained two days, destroying the railroad toward Richmond aiid Lynchbnrg, including the large iron bridges over the North and South Forks of the Rivanna River, an d awaiting the arrival of his trains. this riec~ss~ry delay caimeci him to abandou the idea of capturin Page 49 CuAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 49 Lynchburg. On the morning of the 6th, dividing hi~ force into two columns, he sent one to Scottsville, whence it marched np the James River Canal to New Market, destroying every lock, and in many places the bamik of the canal. From here a force was pnshed out from this column to Duguidsville, to obtain possession of the bridge across the James River at that place, but failed. The enemy burned it on our approach. The enemy also burned the bridge across the river at Hardwicksville. The other column moved down the railroad toward Lynchbnrg, destroying it as far as Amherst Court-House, sixteen miles from Lynchburg; thence across the country, uniting with the column at New Market. The river being very high, his pontoons would not reach across it; and the enemy having destroyed the bridges by which he had hoped to cross the river and get on the South Side Railroad about Farmyille, and destroy it to Appomattox Court-House, the only thing left for him was to return to Winchester or strike a base at the White House. Fortunately, lie chose the latter. From New Market he took up his line of march, following the canal toward Richmond, destroying every lock upon it and cutting the banks wherever practicable, to a 1)Oint eight miles east of Uoochland, concentrating the whole force at Columbia on the 10th. Here he rested one day, and sent through by scouts information of his whereabouts and purposes, and a request for supplies to meet him at White House, which reached me on the night of the 12th. An infantry force was immediately sent to get possession of White House, and supplies were forwarded. Moving from Colum- bia in a direction to threaten. Richmond, to near Ashland Station, he crossed the Annas, and after having destroyed all the bridges and many miles of the railroad, proceeded down the north bank of the Pamunkey to White House, which place he reached on time l9th.* Previous to this the following communicatiomi was sent to General Thomas: CITY POINT, NA., March 7, 18659.30 a. m. Maj. Gen. G. H. Tmo~m~s: GENERAL: I think it will be advisable now for you to repair the railroad in East Tennessee, and throw a good force up to Bulls Gap and fortify there. Supplies at Knoxville could always be got forward as required. With Bulls Gap fortified, you can occupy as outposts about all of East Tennessee, and be prepared, if it should be required of you in the spring, to make a campaign toward Lynchbnrg or into North Carolina. I do not think Stoneman should break the road until he gets into virginia, unless it should be to cut off rolling-stock that may be caught west of that. I~. S. GRANT, Lieutena fit-General. Thus it will be seen that in March, 1865, General Canby was moving an adequate force against Mobile and the army defending it under General Dick Taylor; Thomas was pushing out two large and well- appointed cavalry expeditionsone from Middle Tennessee, under Brevet Major-General Wilson, against the enemys vital points in Ala- bama; theoth er from East Tennessee, under Major-Gemmeral Stoneman, toward Lynchburgand assembling the remainder of his available forces J)reparatory to offensive operations from East Tennessee; Gen- eral Sheridans cavalry was at White House; the Armies of tIme Potomac and James were confronting the enemny umider Lee in his (lefenses of Richmond and Petersburg; General Sherman with his - armies, re-enforced by that of General Schofield, was at Goldaborough; For subordinate reports of Sheridans expedition, see p. 474. 4 1L 14VOL XLVI, PT Page 50 50 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND Pi. ~CHAP. LVflI. Getieral Pope was making preparations for a spring campaign agaiust the enemy under Kirby Smith and Price, west of the Mississippi; and General Hancock was concentrating a force in the vicinity of Win- chester, V a., to guard against invasion or to operate offensively, as might prove necessary. After the long march by General Sheridans cavalry, over winter roads, it was necessary to rest and refit at White House. At this time the greatest source of uneasiness to me was the fear that the enemy would leave his strong hues about Petersburg and Richmond for the purpose of uniting with Johnston, before he was driven from theni by battle or I was prepared to make an effectual pur- suit. On the 24th of March General Sheridan moved from White House, crossed the James River at Jones Landing, and formed a junc- tion with the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the 27th. During this move General Ord sent forces to cover the crossings of the Chickahominy. On the 24th of March the following instructions for a general movement of the armies operating against Richmoiid were issued: CITY PoINT, VA., March 24, 1805. Major-Generals MEADE, ORD, and SHERIDAN: GENERAL: On the 29th instant the armies operating against Richmond will be illoved by our left, for the double purpose of turning the enemy out of his present position around Petersburg and to insure the success of the cavalry undcr General Sheridan, which will start at the same tilile, in its efforts to reach an(l destroy the South Side and Danville railroads. Two corps of the Army of the Potomac will be moved at first in two columns, taking the two roads crossing Hatchers Run nearest where the present line held by us strikes that stream, both moving toward Din- widdie Court-House. The cavalry nuder General Sheridan, joined by the division now under General Davies, will move at the same time by the Weldon road and the Jerusalem plank road, turning west froni the latter before crossing the Nottoway, and west with the whole column before reaching Stony Creek. General Sheridan will then move independently, under other instructions which will be given him. All dismounted cavalry belonglug to the Army of the Potomac, and the dismounted cavalry from the Middle Military Division not required for guarding property belonging to their arm of service, will report to Brigadier-General Benham, to be added to the defenses of City Point. Major-General Parke will be left in comna?nd of all the army l~L for holding the lines about Petersburg and City Point, subject, of course, to orders from the commander of the Ann of the Potomac. The Ninth Army Corps will be left intact to hold the present line of works so long as the whole line now occimpied by us is held. If, however, the troops to the left of the Ninth Corps are withdrawn, then the left of the corps may be thrown back so as to occupy the position held by the army prior to the capture of the Weldon road. All troops to the left of tlme Ninth Corps will be held in readiness to mnove at the shortest notice by such route as may be designated when the order is given. General Ord will detach three divisions, two white and one colored, or so much of them as line can, and hold his present lines and march for the present left of the Army of the Potomac. In the absence of further orders, or until furtimer orders are given, the white divisions will follow the left column of the Army of the Potomac, and the colored division the right column. During the muovement Major-General Wei~zel will be left in command of all the forces remaining behind from the Army of the James. The movement of troops from the Army of the James will commence on the night of the 27th instant. General Ord will leave behind the minimnuinn nuninber of cavalry necessary for picket duty, in the absence of the main army. A cavalry expedition from General Ords command will also be started from Suffolk, to leave there 011 Saturday, the 1st of April, under Colonel Sumner, for the PiltI)05C of cutting the railroad about Hicksford. This, if accomplished, will have to be a surprise, and therefore from 300 to 500 men will be sufficient. They should, however, be supported by all the infantry that can be spared from Norfolk and Portsmouth, as Pin out as to where the cavalry crosses the Blackwater. The crossing should probably be at Uniten. Should Colonel Sumner succeed in reaching the Weldon road he will be instructed to do all the daniage possible to the triangle of roads between Hicksford, Weldon, and Gaston. The railroad bridge at Weldon being fitted up for the passage of carriages, it might be practicable to destroy any accunmulation of supplies th Page 51 Cza& r. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 51 enemy ma; isave collected south of the Roanoke. All the troops will move with four days rations in haversacks and eight days in wagons. To avoid as much hauling as possible, and to give the Army of the James the same number of days supply with the Army of the Potomac, General Ord will direct his commissary and quartermaster to have sufficient supplies delivered at the terminus of the road to fill lip ~fl passing. Sixty rounds of ammunition per man will be taken in wagons, and as much grain as the transportation on hand will carry, after taking the specified amount of other supplies. The densely wooded country in which the army has to operate making the use of much artillery impracticable, the amount taken with the army will be reduced to six or eight guns to each division, at the option of the army commanders. All necessary preparations for carrying these directions into operation may be commenced at once. The reserves of the Ninth Corps should be massed as much as possible. While I would not now order an unconditional attack on the enemys line by them, they should be ready, and should make the attack if the enemy weaken his line in their front, without waiting for order& . In case they carry the line, then the whole of the Ninth Corps could follow up, so as to join or co-operate with the bal- ance of the army. To prepare for this the Ninth Corps will have rations issued to them, same as the balance of the army. General Weitzei will keep vigilant watch upon his front, and if found at all practicable to break through at aimy point, he will do so. A success north of the James should be followed up with great prompt- ness. An attack will not be feasible unless it is found that the enemy has detached largely. In that case it may be regarded as evident that the enemy are relying upon their local reserves, principally, for the defense of Richmond. Preparations may be made for abandoning all the line north of the James, except inclosed works only to he abandoned, however, after a break is made in the lines of the enemy. By these instructions a large part of the armies operating against Richmond is left behind. The enemy, knowing this, may, as an only chance, strip their lines to the merest skeleton, in the hope of advantage not being taken of it, while they hurl everything against the moving column, and return. It cannot be impressed too strongly upon commanders of troops left in the trenches not to allow this to occur without taking advantage of it. The very fact of the enemy coming out to attack, if he does so, might be regarded as almost conclusive evidence of such a weakening of his lines. I would have it particularly enjoined upon corps commanders that, in case of an attack from the enemy, those not attacked are not to wait for orders from the commanding officer of the army to which they belong, but that they will move promptly, and notify the commander of their action. I would also enjoin the same action on the part of division commanders when other parts of their corps are engaged. In like manner, I would urge the importance of following up a repulse of the enemy. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Early on the morning of the 25th the enemy assaulted our lines in front of the Ninth Corps (which held from the Appomattox River toward our left) and carried Fort Stedman and a part of the line to the right and left of it, established themselves, and turned the guns of the fort against us; but our troops on either flank held their ground until the reserves were brought up, when the enemy was driven back, with a heavy loss in killed and wounded and 1,900 prisoners. Our loss was 68 killed, 337 wounded, and 506 missing. General Meade at once ordered the other corps to advance and feel the enemy in their respect- ive fronts. Pushing forward they captured and held the enemys strongly intrenched picket-line in front of the Second and Sixth Corps and 834 prisoners. The enemy made desperate attempts to retake this line, but without success. Our loss in front of these was 52 killed, 864 wounded, and 207 missing. The enemys loss in killed and wounded was far greater. General Sherman having got his troops all quietly in camp about Goldsborough, and his preparations for furnishing supplies to them perfected, visited me at City Point on the 27th of March and stated that he would be ready to move, as he had previously written me, by the 10th of April, fully equipped and rationed for twenty days, if it should become necessary to bring his command to bear against Lee Page 52 52 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIIL army, in co-operation with our forces in front of Richmond and Peters- burg. General Sherman proposed in this movement to threaten Raleigh, and then, by turning suddenly to the right, reach the Roanoke at Gas- ton or thereabouts, whence he could move on to the Richmond and Danville Railroad, striking it in the vicinity of Burkeville, or join the armies operating against Richmond, as might be deemed best. This plan he was directed to carry into execution, if he received no further directions in the meantime. I explained to him the movement I had ordered to commence on the 29th of March; that if it should not prove as entirely successful as I hoped I would cut the cavalry loose to destroy the Danville and South Side railroads, and thus deprive the enemy of fnrther supplies, and also prevent the rapid concentration of Lees and Johnstons armies. I had spent days of anxiety lest each morning should bring the report that the enemy had retreated the night before. I was firmly convinced that Shermans crossing the Roanoke would be the signal for Lee to leave. With Johnston and him combined, a long, tedious, and expensive campaign, consuming most of the summer, might become necessary. By moving out I would put the army in better condition for pursuit, and would at least, by the destruction of the IDanville road, retard the concentration of the two armies of Lee and Johnston and cause the enemy to abandon much material that he might otherwise save. I therefore determined not to delay the movement ordered. On the night of the 27th Major-General Ord, with two divisions of the Twenty-fourth Corps, Major-General Gibbon commanding, and one division of the Twenty-fifth Corps, Brigadier-General Birney command- ing, and Mackenzies cavalry, took up his line of march, in pursuance of the foregoing instructions, and reached the Position assigned him near Hatchers Run on the morning of the 29th. On the 28th the following instructions were given to General Sheridan: CITY POINT, VA., March 18, 1866. Maj. Gen. P. II. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: The Fifth Army Corps will move by the Vaughan road at 3 a. m. to- morrow morning. The Second moves at about 9 a. in., having but about three miles to march to reach the point designated for it to take on the right of the Fifth Corps, after the latter reaching Dinwiddie Court-House. Move your cavalry at as early an hour as you can, and without being confined to any particular road or roads. You may go out by the nearest roads in the rear of the Fifth Corps, pass by its left and passing near to or through Dinwiddie, reach the right and rear of the enemy as soon as you can. It is not the intention to attack the enemy in his intrenched position, but to force him out if possible. Should he come out and attack us, or get himself where he can be attacked, move in with your entire force in your own way, and with the full reliance that the army will engage or follow, as circumstances will dictate. I shall be on the field and will probably be able to communicate with you. Should I not do so, and you find that the enemy keeps within his main intrenched line, you may cut loose and push for the Danville road. If you find it practicable, I would like you to cross the South Side road between Petersburg and Burkeville, and destroy it to some extent. I would not advise much detention, however, until you reach the Danville road, which I would like you to strike as near to the Appo- mattox as possible. Make your destruction on that road as complete as possible. You can then pass on to the South Side road, west of Burkeville, and destroy that in llke manner. After having accomplished the destruction 6f the two railroads, which are now the only avenues of supply to Lees army, you may return to this army, selecting your road further south, or you may go on into North Carolina and join General Sher- man. Should you select the latter course, get the information to me as early as possible, so that I may send orders to meet you at (Aoldsborough. ITS. GRAN1, Lieu tenon t General Page 53 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 53 On the morning of the 29th the movement commenced. At night the cavalry was at Dinwiddie Court-House and the left of our infan- try line exteiided to the Quaker road, near its intersection with the Boydton plank road. The position of the troops, from left to right, was as follows: Sheridan, Warren, ilumplireys, Ord, Wright, Parke. Everything looked favorable to the defeat of the enemy and the cap- ture of Petersburg. and Richmond, if the proper effort was made. I therefore addressed the following communication to General Sheridan, having I)reviously informed him verbally not to cut loose for the raid contemplated in his orders until lie received notice from me to do so: GRAVELLY CREEK, March ~9, 1865. Maj. Gen. P. H. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: Our line is now unbroken from the Appomattox to Diuwiddie. We are all ready, howe~-er, to give up all from the Jerusalem plank road to Hatchers Run, whenever the forces can be used advantageously. After getting into line south of Hatchers we pushed forward to find the enemys position. General Griffin was attacked near where the Quaker road intersects the Boydton road, but repul8ed it easily, capturing about 100 men. Humplireys reached Dabneys Mills and was pushing on when last heard from. I now feel like ending the matter, if it is possible to do so, before going back. I do not want you, therefore, to cut loose and go ~fter. the enemys roads at present. In the morning push around the enemy, if you can, and get ~n to his right rear. The movements of the enemys cavalry may, of course, modify your action. We will act all together as one army here until it is seen what can be done with the enemy. The signal officer at Cobbs Hill reported, at 11.30 a. in., that a cavalrS column had passed that point from Richmond toward Peters- burg, taking forty minutes to pass. U. S. GRANT, Lieu tenant-General. From the night of the 29th to the morning of the 31st the rain fell in such torrents as to make it impossible to move a wheeled vehicle, except as corduroy roads were laid in front of them. During time 30th Sheridan advanced from iDinwiddie Court-House toward Five Forks, where he found the enemy in force. General Warren advanced and extended his line across the Boydton plank road to near the White Oak road, with a view of getting across the latter; but finding the enemy strong in his front and extending beyond his left, was directed to hold on where he was and fortify. Generafllumphreys drove the enemy from his front into his main hue on the Hatcher, near Burgess Mills. Gen- erals Ord, Wright, and Parke made examinations in their fronts to determine the feasibility of an assault on the enemys lines. The two latter reported favorably. The enemy confronting us, as he did, at every point from Richmond to our extreme left, I conceived his lines must be weakly held, and could be penetrated if my estimate of his forces was correct. I determined, therefore, to extend our line no farther, but to re-enforce General Sheridan with a corps of infantry, and thus enable him to cut loose and turn the enemys right flank, and with the other corps assault the enemys lines. The result of the offen- sive effort of the enemy the week before, when he assaulted Fort Sted- man, particularly favored this. The enemys intrenched picket-line captured by us at that timne threw the lines occupied by the belligeremuts so close together at some points that it was but a moments run from one to the other. Preparations were at once made to relieve General Humphreys corps to report to General Sheridan, but the condition of the roads prevented immediate movement. On the morning of the 31st (4eneral Warren reported favorably to getting possession of the White Oak road, and was directed to do so. To accomplish this, h Page 54 54 N. ANT) SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. moved with one division, instead of his Whole corps, which was attacked by the enemy in superior force and driven back on the Second Division before it had time to form, and it, in turn, forced back Ul)OIL the Third Division, when the enemy was checked. A division of the Second Corps was immediately sent to his support, the enemy driven back with heavy loss, and possession of the White Oak road gained. Sheridan a(lvanced, and with a portion of his cavalry got possession of the Five Forks, but the enemy, after the afihir with the Fifth Corps, re-enforced the rebel cavalry defending that point with infantry, and forced him back toward Diiiwiddie Court-House. Here General Sheridan d~played great generalship. Instead of retreating with his whole corn: maiid on the main army, to tell the story of superior forces encountered, he deployed his cavalry on foot, leaving only mounted men enough to take charge of the hi irses. This compelled the enemy to deploy over a vast extent of woode I and broken country, and made his progress slow. At this junctnre he dispatched to me what had taken place, and that he was dropping back slowly on Dinwiddie Court-House. General Mackenzies cavalry and one division of the Fifth Corps were immedi- ately ordered to his assistance. Soon after, receiving a report from ~General Meade that Humphreys could hold our position on the Boydton voad, and that the other two divisions of the Fifth Corps could go to Sheridan, they were so ordered at once. Thus the operations of the day necessitated the sending of Warren, because of his accessibility, instead of Humphreys, as was intended, and precipitated intended movements. On the morning of the 1st of April General Sheridan, re-enforced by General Warren, drove the enemy back on Five Forks, where, late in the evening, he assaulted and carried his strongly fortified position, capturing all his artillery and between 5,000 and 6,000 prisoners. About the close of this battle Bvt. Maj. Gen. Charles Griffin relieved Major-General Warren in command of the Fifth Corps. The report of this reached me after night-fall. Some apprehensions filled my mmd lest the enemy might desert his lines during the night, and by falling upon General Sheridan before assistance could reach him, drive him from his position and open the way for retreat. To guard against this, General Miles division of Humnphreys corps was sent to re-enforce him, and a bombardment was commenced and kept up until 4 oclock in the morning (April 2), when an assault was ordered on the enemys lines. General Wright penetrated the lines with his whole corps, sweeping everything before him and to his left toward Hatchers Run, capturing many guns and several thousand prisoners. He was closely followed by two divisions of General Ords command, until lie met the other division of General Ords that had succeeded iii forcing the enemys lines near Hatchers Run. Generals Wright and Ord immediately swung to the right, and closed all of the enemy on that side of them in Petersburg, while General Humphreys pushed forward with two divisions and joined Gencral Wright on the left. General Parke succeeded in carrying the enemy~s main line, capturing guns and prisoners, but was unable to carry his inner line. General Sher- idan, being advised of the condition of affairs, returned General Miles to his proper command. Omi reaching the enemys lines immediately surrounding Petersburg, a portion of General Gibbons corps, by a most gallant charge, captared two strong imuclosed works, the most salient amid comniamiding south of Petersburg, thus materially shortening the line of investment necessary for taking in the city. The enemy sout Page 55 55 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. of Hatchers iRun retreated westward to Sutherlands Station, where they were overtaken by Miles division. A severe engagement ensued and lasted until both his right and left flanks were threatened by the approach of General Sheridan, who was moving from Fords Station toward Petersburg, and a division sent by General Meade from the froiit of Petersburg, when he broke in the utmost confusion, leaving in our hands his guns and many prisoners. This force retreated by the main road along the Apponiattox River. During the iiight of the 2d the enemy evacuated Petersburg and Richmond, and retreated toward iDanville. On the morning of the 3d pursuit was commenced. Gen- eral Sheridan pushed for the Danville road, keeping near the Appo- mattox, followed by General Meade with the Second and Sixth Corps, while General Ord moved for Burkeville along tIme South Side road; the Ninth Corps stretched alomig that road behind him. On the 4th General Sheridan struck the Danville road near Jetersville, where he learned that Lee was at Amelia Court-Tionse. He immediately in- trenched himself and awaited the arrival of General Meade, who reached there the next day. General Ord reached Burkeville on the evening of the 51h. On the morning of the 5th 1 addressed Major- Gen~ral Sherman the following communication: WILSONS STATION, April 6, 1865. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN: GENERAL: All indications now are that Lee will attempt to reach Danville with the remnant of his force. Sheridan, who was up with him last night, reports all that is left, horse, foot, and dragoons, at 20,000, much demoralized. We hope to reduce this number one-half. I shall 1)11511 ~n to Burkeville, aud it a stand is made at Danville, will in a very few days go there. If you caii possibly (10 so, push on from where you are, and let us see if we cannot finish the job with Lees and Johnstons armies. Whether it will be better for you to strike for Greemisborough or nearer to Danville, you will be better able to judge when you receive this. Rebel armies now are the oniy strategic points to strike at. U. S. GRANT, LieutenantGeneral. On the morning of the 6th it was found that General Lee was movin west of Jetemsvihle toward Danvihle. General Shieridaim immoved with his cavalry (the Fifth Corps having been returned to General Meade 011 his reaching Jetersville) to strike his flank, followed by the Sixth Corps, while the Second and Fifth Corps pressed hard after, forcing himn to abandon several hundred wagons and several pieces of artillery. General Ord advanced fr6m Burkevihle toward Farmville, semiding two regimemits of infantry and a squadron of cavalry, under Bvt. Brig. Geim. Theodore Read, to reach and destroy the bridges. This advance met the head of Lees cohumnn near Farmville, which it heroically attacked and detained until General Read was killed and his small force over- powered. This caused a delay in the enemys movements, and enabled General Ord to get well up with the remainder of his force, on meeting which the emmemy imniediately intreuched himself. In the afternoon General Sheridan struck the emmemy south of Sailors Creek, captured 16 pieces of artillery and about 400 wagons, and (letaimied him until the Sixth Corps got up, when a general attack ot infantry and cavalry was made, which resulted in the capture of 6,000 or 7,000 prisommers, among whom were many general officers. The movements of the Second Corps and General Ords command contributed greatly to the days success. Oii the morning of the 7th the pursuit was renewed Page 56 56 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. ICITAP. LVIII the cavalry, except one di;lsion, and the Fifth Corps moving by Prince Edward Court-House, the Sixth Corps, General Ords command, and one division of cavalry, on Farmville, and the Second Corps by the High Bridge road. It was soon found that the enemy had crossed to the north side of the Appomattox; but so close was the pursuit that the Second Corps got possession of the common bridge at High Bridge before the enemy could destroy it, and immediately crossed over. The Sixth Corps and a (livisioli of cavalry crossed at Farmville to its sup- port. Feeling now that General Lees chance of escape was utterly hope- less, I addressed him the following communication from Farmville: APRIL 7, 1865. General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: The result of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I ~el that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood, by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the C. S. Army known as the Army of Northern Virginia. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant~Ge~e,-~j Early on the morning of the 8th, before leaving, I received at Farm- ville the following: APRIL 7, 1865. Lient. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I have received your note of this date. Though not entertaining the opinion you express on the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia, I reciprocate your (lesire to avoid useless effusion of blood, and therefore, l)efore considering your proposition, ask the terms you will offer on condition of its surrender. R. E. LEE, General. To this I immediately replied: APRIL 8,1865. General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: Your note of last evening, in reply to ndne of same (late, asking the condition on which I will accept the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, is justreceived. In reply I would say that, peace being my great desire, there is but one condition I would insist upon, namely, that the men and officers surrendered shall be disqualified for taking up arms again against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged. I will meet you, or will designate officers to meet any officers you may name for the same purpose, at any point agreeable to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms upon which the surrender of the Army of Nort.hern Virginia will be received. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- Gene,-a 1. Early on the morning of the 8th the pursuit was resumed. General Meade follow-ed north of the Appomattox, aIl(l General Sheridan, with all the cavalry, pushed straight for Appomattox Station, followed by General Ords command and the Fifth Corps. Duriiig~the day General Neades advance had considerable fighting with the enemys rear guard, but was unable to bring on a general engagement. Late in the evening General Sheridan struck the railroad at Appomattox Station, drove the enemy from there, and captured twenty-five pieces of artil- lery, a hospital train, and four trains of cars loaded with supplies fo Page 57 (nAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 57 Lees army. 1)uring this day I accompanied General Meades column, and about nndiiight received the following communication from Gen- eral Lee: APRIL 8, 186~. Lieut. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I received at a late hour your note of to-day. In mine of yesterday I did not intend to propose the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, but to ask the terms of your proposition. To be frank, I do not think the emergency has arisen to call for the surrender of this army, but as the restoration of peace should be the sole object of all, I desired to know whether your proposals would lead to that end. L cannot, therefore, meet you with a view to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia. but as far as your proposal may affect the C. S. forces under my command, and tend to the restoration of peace, I should be pleased to meet you at 10 a. in., to-morrow, on the old stage road to Richmond, between the picket-lines of the two armies. B. F. LEE, General. Early on the morning of the 9th 1 returned him an answer as fol- , and immediately started to join the column south of the Appo- niattox: General R. F. LEE: GENERAL: Your note of yesterday is received. I have no authority to treat on the subject of peace; the meeting proposed for 10 a. m. to-day could lead to no good. I will state, however, general, that I am equally anxious for peace with yourself and the whole North entertains the same feeling. The terms upon which peace can be had are well understood. By the South laying down their-arms they will hasten that most desirable event, save thousands of human lives, and hundreds of millions of property not yet destroyed. Seriously hoping that all our difficulties may beset- tied without the loss of another life, I subscribe myself, & c.. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the morning of the 9th General Ords command and the Fifth Corps reached Appomattox Station just as the enemy was making a desperate effort to break through our cavalry. The infantry was at once throwi in. Soon after a white flag was received, requesting a suspension of hostilities ~)ending negotiations for a snrrender. Before reaching General Sheridans headquarters I received the following from General Lee: APRIL 9, 1865. Lient. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I received your note of this morning on the picket-line, whither I had come to meet you and ascertain definitely what terms were embraced in your pro- posal of yesterday with reference to the surrender of this army. I now ask an inter- view in accordance-with the offer coutained in your letter of yesterday for that pnr- pose R. F. LEE, General. The interview was held at Appomattox Court-House, the result of which is set IA)rth in the following correspondence: APPOMATTOX COURT-HOUSE, VA., April 9, 1865. General B. E. LEE: GENERAL: In accordance with thesubstance of my letter to yon of the 8th instant, I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia on the following terms, to wit: Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate, one copy t Page 58 58 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. be given to an officer to be designated by me, the other to be retained by such officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individual paroles not to take up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchan~ed~ all(l each company or regimental commander sign a like parole for the men of t~eii commands. The arms, artillery, and public property to be parked and stacked, and turned over to the officers appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by~U. S. authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where theymay reside. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NORThERN VIRGINIA, Lient. Gen. U. S. GRANT: April 9, 1865. GENERAL: 1 have received your letter of this date containing the terms of sur- render of the Army of Northern Virginia as proposed by you. As they are substan- tially the same as those expressed in your letter of the 8th instant, they are accepted. 1 will proceed to designate the proper officers to carry the stipulations into effect. E. E. LEE, General. The command of Major-General Gibbon, the Fifth Army Corps, under Griffin, and Mackenzies cavalry were designated to remain at Appo- mattox Court-House until the paroling of the sQrrendered army was completed, and to take charge~ of the public property. The remainder of the army immediately returned to the vicinity of Burkeville. Gen- eral Lees great influence throughout the whole South caused his example to be followed, and to-day the result is that the armies lately under his leadership are at their homes, desiring peace and quiet, and their arms are in the hands of our ordnance officers.* On. the receipt of my letter of the 5th, General Sherman moved directly against Joe Johnston, who retreate4 rapidly on and through iL{aleigh, which place General Sherman occupied on the kiorning of the 13th. The day preceding news of the surrenderof General Lee reached bun at Smithfield. On the 14th a correspondence was opened between General Sherman and General Johnston, which resulted on the 18th in an agreement for a suspension of hostilities and a memorandum or basis for peace, subject to the approval of the President. This agree- ment was disapproved by the President on the 21st, which disapproval, together with your iustructions, was communicated to General Sher- man by me in person, on the morning of the 24th, at Raleigh, N. C., in obedience to your orders. Notice was at once given by him to General Johnston for the termination of the truce that had been entered into. On the 25th another meeting between them was agreed upon, to take place on the 26th, which terminated in the surrender and disbamidment of Johnstons army upon substantially the same terms as were given to General Lee.t The expedition under General Stoneman from East Tennessee got off on the 20th of March, moving by way of Boone, N. C., and struck the railroad at Wytheville, Chainbersburg, and Big Lick. The force striking it at Big Lick pushed on to within a few miles of Lynchburg, destroying the important bridges, while with the main force he effect- ually destroyed it between New River and Big Lick, and then turned for Grecusborough, on the North Carolina railroad, struck that road, and For subordinate reports of the final operations against Lees army, see p. 557. For subordinate reports of the final operations against Johnstons army, see Vol. XLV1I, Part I Page 59 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 59 destroyed the bridges between Danville and Grecusborough andbetween Greensborough and the Yadkin, together with the depots of supplies along it, and captured 400 prisoners. At Salisbury he attacked and defeated a force of the enemy under General Gardner, capturing 14 pieces of artillery and 1,364 prisoners, and destroyed large amounts of army stores. At this place lie destroyed fifteen miles of railroad and the bridges toward Charlotte. Thence he moved to Slatersville.* General Canby, who had been directed in January to make prepara- tions for a movement from Mobile Bay against Mobile and the interior of Alabama, commenced his movement on the 20th of March. The Six- teenth Corps, Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith commanding, moved from Fort Gaines by water to Fish River; the Thirteenth Corps, under Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, moved from Fort Morgan and joined the Sixteenth Corps on Fish River, both moving thence on Spanish Fort and invest ing iton the 27th; while Major-General Steeles command moved from Pensacola, cut the railroad leading from Tensas to Montgomery, effected a junction with them, and partially invested Fort Blakely. After a severe bombardment of Spanish Fort, a part of its line was carried on the 8th of April. During the night the enemy evacuated the fort. Fort Blakely was carried by assault on the 9th, and many prisoners captured; our loss was considerable. These successes practically opened to us the Alabama River, and enabled us to approach Mobile from the north. On the night of the 11th the city was evacuated, and was taken possession of by our forces on the morning of the l2th.* The expedition nuder command of Brevet Major-General Wilson, consisting of 12,500 mounted men, was delayed by rains nutil March 22, when it moved from Chickasaw, Ala. On the 1st of April General Wilson encountered the enemy in force under Forrest, near Ebenezer Church, drove him in confusion, captured 300 prisoners and 3 guns, and destroyed the Central bridge over the Cahaba River. On the 2d he attacked and captured the fortified city of Selma, lefended by For- rest with 7,000 men amid thirty-two guns, destroyed the arsenal, armory, naval foundry, maclime-shops, vast quantities of stores, and captured 3,000 prisoners. Omi the 4th he captured and destroyed Tuscaloosa. On the 10th he crossed the Alabama River, and after sending informa- tion of his operatiomis to General Canby, marched on Montgomery, which place he occupied on the 14th, the enemy having abandoned it. At this place many stores and five steam-boats fell into our hands. Thence a force marched direct on Columbus, and another on West Point, both of which places were assaulted and captured on the 16th. At the for- mer place we got 1,500 prisoners and 52 field guns, destroyed 2 gun- boats, the navy-yard, foundries, arsenal, many factories, and much other public property. At the latter place we got 300 prisoners, 4 guns, and destroyed 19 locomotives and 300 cars. On the 20th he took possession of Macon, Ga., with 60 field guns, 1,200 militia, and 5 gen- erals, surremidered by General Howell Cobb. General Wilson, hearing that Jeff. Davis was trying to make his escape, sent forces in pursuit, amid succeeded in capturing him on the morning of May 11. On the 4th day of May General Dick Taylor surrendered to General Canby all the remaining rebel forces east of the Mississippi.t A force sufficiemit to insure an easy triumph over the enemy under Kirby Smith, west * For subordinate reports of Stonernaris expedition and Canbys operations against Mol)ile, see Vol. XLIX. For subordinate reports of Wilsons expedition, see Vol. XLIX Page 60 60 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHkP. LVIII. of the Mississippi, was immediately put in motion for Texas, and Major-General Sheridan designated for its immediate command; but on the 26th day of May, and before they reached their destination, Gen- eral Kirby Smith surrendered his entire command to Major-General Canby. This surrender did not take place, however, until after the capture of the rebel President and Vice-President, and the bad faith was exhibited of first disbanding most of his army and permitting an indiscriminate plunder of public property. Owing to the report that many of those lately iii arms against the Government had taken refuge upon the soil of Mexico, carrying with them arms rightfully belonging to time United States, which had been surrendered to us by agreement (amomig them some of the leaders who had surrendered in person), and the disturbed comidition of affairs on the Rio Grande, the orders for troops to proceed to Texas were not changed. There have been severe combats, raids, expeditions, and movements to defeat the designs and purposes of the enemy, most of them reflect- ing great credit on our arms, and which contributed greatly to our final triumphs, that I have not mentioned. Many of these will be found clearly set forth in the reports herewith submitted; some in the tele- grams and brief dispatches announcing them; and others, I regret to say, have not as yet beemi officially reported. For information touching our Indian difficulties, I would respectfally refer to the reports of the commanders of departments iii which they have occurred. It has been my fortune to see the armies of both the West and the East light battles, and from what I have seen I know there is no differ- ence in their fighting qualities. All that it was possible for mnen to do in battle they have done. The Westermi armies commenced their bat- - tles in the Mississippi Valley, amid received the final surrender of the remnant of the principal army opposed to them iu North Carohitia. The armies of the East comnumenced their battles on the river from which the Army of the Potomac derived its name, and received the final surrender of their old antagonist at Appomattox Court-House, Va. The splendid achievements of each have nationalized our victo- ries, removed all sectional jealousies (of which we have unfortunately experienced too much), and the cause of crimination amid recriminatiomm that might have followed had either section failed in its duty. All have a proud record, and all sections can well congratulate themselves and each other for having done their full share in restoring the suprem- acy of law over every foot of territory belonging to the United States. Let theni hope for perpetual peace and harmony with that enemy whose manhood, however mistaken the cause, drew forth such hercu- lean deeds of valor. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obediemmt servant, U. S. GRANT, Hou. E. M. STANTON, Lieutenant- General. 8ecretary of. 1Y~ Page 61 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 61 No. 2. Abstract from tn-monthly returns, showing the present for duty equipped ~ or effectire strength of the armies operating against Richmond, under Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, for January 31, February 28, March 20, March 31, and April 10, 1865. JANUARY 31. -____________ Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Total. Command. I a . . . a . o ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 bO a a a ~ 0I~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Provost Guard (Patrick) 54 1, 211 13 624 ......, 1,453 67 3,288 3,355 Battalion U. S. Engineers (Har- . 5~ 186~ 5 186 191 wood) 2 IxidependentCompany OneidaCav 2 39 . 39 41 alry (Batchelder). Artillery (Hunt) 33 1,005 33 1,005 1,038 Second Army Corps (Humphreys). 949 17, 592 35 1, 712 984 19, 304 20, 288 Fifth Army Corps (Warren) 656 14, 975 26 1, 375 682 16, 350 17,032 Sixth Army Corps (Getty) 525 13, 929 26 1, 123 551 15, 052 15, 603 Ninth Army Corps (Willcox) 620 14, 961 19 768 639 15, 729 16, 368 Second Cavalry Division (Gregg) 227 6, 079 5 186 232 6, 265 6, 497 Total 2,804 62,668 242 6,742 149 7,808 3,195 77, 218 80,413 ARMY OF THE JAMES. 4th Massachusetts Cavalry (Rand) 10 118 .... 0 118 128 Cavalry Division (Kautz) 110 2,930 4 i43 114 3,073 3,187 Twenty.fourth Army Corps (Gib- 582 15,945 5 121 :18 1 98 b25 17, 864 18, 489 bon). Twenty.fifth Army Corps (Welt. 400 11. 857 20 622 34 926 4o4 13, 405 13, 859 zel) I Defenses of Bermuda Hundred 117 3, 456 7 3, 456 3, 573 (Ferrero) I Separate Brigade (Carr) 51 1,334 1J5 5J 1469 1522 Total 1,150 32, 592 145 3, 791 78 3, 002 1 373 39, 385 40, 758 Grand aggregate 3,954 95, 260 387 10,533 227 10 810 4 568 116,603 121,171 FEBRUARY 28. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Provost Guard (Patrick). IndependentCompany Oneida Cay. ArtiAery (Hunt) Second Army Corps (Humphreys). 976 Fifth Army Corps (Warren) 577 Sixth Army Corps (Wright) 663 Ninth Army Corps (Potter) 653 Second Cavalry Division (Davies) Total ARMY OF THE JAMES. 4th Massachusetts Cavalry (Wash. burn). Cavalry Division (Kautz) Twenty.fourth Army Corps (Gib. 662 bon). Twenty.fifth Army Corps(Weitzel) 400 Defenses of Bermuda Hundred 121 (Graham). Separate Brigade (Carr) 50 Total 1, 233 Grand aggregate 4. 173 71 1,836 17, 349 12,917 15,368 16,185 17 1125 1~ 33 212 6.018 31 1,010 36 1. 716 32 1,391 38 1,903 21. 782 4 218 88 1 31 1,012 609 701 674 216 2,461 33 1,010 19, 065 14,308 17,271 16, 967 6, 236 2, 549 34 1,041 20,077 14, 917 17,972 17, 641 6, 452 1, 940 63, 655 230 6, 676 162 7, 020 3, 332 77, 351 80, 683 13, 844 11, 860 3, 599 1,326 11 119 110 2,848 4 21 145 1, 402 782 11 114 692 421 121 119 2, 993 15,246 12,642 3,599 130 3, 107 15,938 13,063 3,720 2 133 52 1,459 1.511 30,629 121 2.967 57 2,462 .1,411 36,058 37,469 94,284 351 9.643 219 9,482 4.743 1113,409 118.152 CHAP. LVIII. Page 62 62 N. M4D SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Abstract from fri-monthly returns, ~Je.Cou tiuued. MARCH 20. Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Total. Command. ~i F.. a . a . a . . ~ ,Q~ bO ~ ~ ~ a 0 ~ 0I~ 0 ~ ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. I I Provost Guard (Macy) 13 503 14 566 29 1,069 1,098 1, Post of City Point (~ollis) ... 81 965 10 237 ... 91 2,202 2,29{ Independent Company OneidaCav. 2 32 2 32 34 a~ (Batchelder). Artilery (Hunt) 32 1,184 32 1,184 1,216 Second Army Cor,js (Humphreys) 979 18, 188 37 I 1, 689 1, 016 19, 877 20, 893 Fifth Army Corps (Warren) 634 15,359 30 I 1, 418 664 16, 777 17, 441 Sixth Army Corps (Wright) 695 16, 197 27 1,019 722 17, 236 17, 958 Ninth Army Corps (Parke) 695 16.459 I 21 781 716 17,240 17,956 Secolid Cavalry Divisiou (Davies) 242 5402 5 240 247 5, 642 5, 889 Total 3. 099 68, 671 j 268 6, 217 152 6, 351 3, 519 81, 259 84, 778 ARMY OF THE JAMES. . ~1~~ Headquarters guard 4 180 ... 4~ 180 184 4th Massachusetts Cavalry (Wash . 13 160 ... 13 160 173 burn). I Cavalry Division (Kautz).... 95 2, 555 4 148 99 2, 703 2, 802 Twenty.fourth Army Corps (Gib 535 13 073 4 124 46 1, 784 585 14,981 15,566 bon). Twenty.fifth Army Corps (Weit 442 12 941 4 56 I 38 I 1, 103 484 14, 100 14, 584 zel). Defenses of Bermuda Hundred 131 3 651 (Hartauff). I 25 909 156 4, 560 4, 716 Separate Brigade (Carr) 56 1 555 7 220 7 394 70 2,169 2, 239 Total 1, 168 31 400 I 123 3,115 120 4, 338 1,411 38, 853 40, 264 Grand aggregate 4, 26. 100 071 391 9, 352 272 10.689 4, 930 120,112 125, 042 MARCH 31. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Provost Guard (Macy) 1 21 Post of City Point (Collis) .. I 88 Independent Company Oneida Cay:! airy (Batchelder). Artillery (Hunt) Second Army Corps (Humplireys) 960 Fifth Army Corps (Warren) 632 Sixth Army Corps (Wright) 705 Ninth Army Corps (Parke) 679 Total 3, 083 ARMY OF THE JAMES. Headquarters guard 2 4th Massachusetts Cavalry (Wash.1 burn). 1st New York Mounted Rifles (Snmner). Cavalry Division (Mackenzie) Twenty.fourth Army Corps (Gib 545 bon). Twenty4lfth Army Corps (Weit 270 zel). Defenses of Bermuda Hundred 149 (Hartauff). Separate Brigade (Carr) 55 Total Ii, 023 982 15 586 1, 855 10 237 2 16 18, 507 K..:.:: 35 1,127 33 1,667 15,341 25 1,075 16,576 33 1,070 16,677 21 776 69,938 27 839 147 5,715 100~ I 11~ 262 24! 4421 70~ 2.106, 4 148 13.673 4 124 46 1,784 7.828 6 48 29 960 3,685 3 134 1,575 8 217 5 263 234 26,861 125 3,199 87 3,289 1,235 33,349 34,584 Grand aggregate 4,108 96, 799 152 4.038 9,004 4, 494 109,841 114, 135 36 98 35 993 657 738 700 1, 259 2 13 24 74 595 307 152 68 1, 568 2, 092 16 1, 127 20,174 16,416 17,646 17, 453 76,492 100 262 442 2, 254 15,581 8, 836 1,819 2, 055 1, 604 2, 190 18 1,162 21,167 17, 073 18,384 18, 153 79, 751 11)2 275 466 2, 328 16, 176 9, 143 3, 971 2, 12 Page 63 THE RICHMO~I) CAMPAIGN. Abstract from tn-monthly returns, 4~s.Continued. APRIL 10. Command. Infantry. i~l ~ a ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Post of City Point (Collie) 18 1,876 Independent Company Oneida Cay. airy (Batchelder). Artillery (Hunt.) Second ArmyCorps (Humplireys) -: 976 16,452 Fifth Army tlorps (Griffin) 604 13, 094 Sixth Army Corps (Wright) 647 15,328 Ninth Army Corps (Parke) .:::::: 684 15,118 Total 2,929 ARMY OF THE JAMES. Headquarters guard i 2 4th Massachusetts Cavalry (Wash. burn). 1st New York Mounted Rifles (Sumner). Cavalry Division (Mackenzie) Twenty-fourth Army Corps (Gib 545 Twenty-fifth Army Corps (Weit. 229 zel). IT. S. Forces, Petersburg (Hart. 166 suff). Separate Brigade (Carr) Total i,OOO Grand aggregate 3, 929 Cavalry. Artillery. H H a - a 0 15~ 3-20 2~ 26 .: ii 24 27 1 24 61,868 17 100 13 . 24 13, 673 6. 528 4,978 1,605 70 4 34 8 26, 884 153 88, 752 170 347 2, 164 904 1, 066 732 812 150 5,678 3,096 67,893 262 442 2, 106 124 800 200 4 46 30 34 7 148 1,784 928 1, 281 274 3,934 121 4,415 11,274 35,233 4,281 271 10, 093 4, 370 103, 126 No. 3. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Return of casualties in the Union forces at Hatchers Run (otherwise known as Dabneys Mill, Armstrongs Mill, Rowanty Greek, and Vaughan Road) and Fort & edman. [Compiled from nominal lists of casualties, returns, & c.I HATCHERS RUN, FEBRUARY 5-7, 1865. H Coiumand. -~ a a a ~gj 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ;~ECOND ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. ANDREW A. HUMPHUETS. I SECOND DIVISION. * Brig. Gen. TROMAS A. SMYTH First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM A. OLMSTED. 19th Maine 19th Massachusetts 1 1 7 20th Massachusetts I 1 s 5 11 7th Michigan 1st Minnesota (two companies) I I 59th New York I 152d New York 184th Pennsylvania 36th Wisconsin 2 TotalFirst Brigade I I 2 t il~ 5 1 21 ~ The First Division not cugaged Ciu.p. LVIII.] 63 Total. 8 0 33 56 995 628 674 708 2, 196 26 2,164 17,356 14, 160 16, 060 15, 931 H *1 ., 9-,n 28 2, 220 18, 351 14, 788 16, 714 16, 639@ 70, 989 102 275 466 2, :128 1(1, 170 7,713 7, 293 2, 152 36. 507 107,496 2 13 24 74 595 259 234 73 100 262 442 2, 254 13, 581 7,456 7, 059 2,07 Page 64 64 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Return of easualties in the Union forces, 4c.Coutinued. HATCHERS RUN, FEBRUARY 5-7, 1865Continued. Command. Second Brigade. Col. MATHEW MURPHY. * Col. JAMES P. McIvoR. 8th New York Heavy Artillery 155th New York 164th New York 170th New York 182d New York (69th New York National Guard - Artillery). Lient. Col. FRANCIS E. PIERCE. hilled. WoIIn(le(l. (aJIlred or IuISSIlIg. 1 Total Second Brigade 3 1 2 3~ 3 a a . a a 31 8 1 1 4 4 Third Brigade. l4thConnecticut ii 4 6 1st Delaware 12th NewJersey 6 7 10th New York (battalion) ...: 1 1 2 108th New York 4th Ohio (four companies) 69th Pennsylvania 1 3 I hu6th Pennsylvania (three companies) 7th West Virginia (four companies) Total Third Brigade 2 2 ~ .. 20 Unattached. 2d Company Minnesota Sharpshooters 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry (battalion) .. 5 Total Second Division 3! 9 5j ~I 59 THIRD DIVISION. I First Brigade. Bvt. Maj. Gen. GERSHOIIX MOTT. Brig. Gen. REGIS DR THOBHIAND. 20th Indiana 1st Maine Heavy Artillery . 17th Maine 40th New York 73d New York 86th New York 124th New York 99th Pennsylvania 110th Pennsylvania 2d U. S. Sharpshooters Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. GEORGE W. WEST. . 3 2~ 2 3 2. 2 1) 1:1 13 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery 1 ... 5th Michigan 3 3 93d New York 57th Pennsylvania 1 105th Pennsylvania 141st Pennsylvania i 1 2 4 Total Second Brigade 1 1 7 9 Mortally woull(le(l February 5 Page 65 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. Return of casualties in the Union forces, 4c.Contiuued. HATCHERS RUN, FEBRUARY 5-7,1863Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. a at a a a . a . a at a I) a t~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. ROBERT ~LCALLISTER. 11th Massachusetts 7th New Jersey 8th New Jersey 11th New Jersey 123th New York Total Third Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY. Bvt. Lieut. Col. JoIsN G. HAZARD. Massachusetts Light, 10th Battery4 4th United States, Battery K Total Second Army Corps FIFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. GOUVERNEUR K. WARREN. ESCORT. 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company C PROVOST GUARD. 104th New York FIRST DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. CHARLES GRIFFIN. First Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. HORATIO G. SICKELA 185th New York 198th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade & cond Brigade. Col. ALLEN L. BURR. 187th New York (hattalion) 188th New York (battalion) 189th New York Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. ALFRED L. PEARSON. 20th Maine 32d Massachusetts 1st Michigan 16th Michigan 83d Pennsylvania (six companies) 91st Pennsylvania 118th Pennsylvania 155111 Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade 11 1 2 1 35 1 2 1 48 3 2 1 1 3 12 2 39 1 54 13 3 59 1 76 3 22 8 92 10 135 1 3 2 1 9 1 3 16 1 2 2 15 1 21 1 4 3 24 1 4 37 1 6 1 8 7 21 3 31 2 13 15 9 1 40 4 54 1 1 15~ 7 24 2 2 32 10 46 3 1 6~ 4 14 2 2 6 30 1 1 9K~ 2 13 1 1 2 3 7 1 2 4 7 4~ 30 3 37 3 14~ 10 119 32 178 Total First Division 4 I 27 14 183I 1 40 One section of Battery B, 1st Rhode Island Artillery, temporarily attached. Wounded February 6. 5 R UVOL XLVI~ PT I 269 CHAP. LVIII.] 6 Page 66 66 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Return, of casualties in the Union forces. 4c.Continued. HATCHERS RUN, FEBRUARY 5-7, 1865Continued. Killed. Command. SECOND DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. ROMETN B. AYRES. Fir& t Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. FREDERICK WINTHROP. 5th New York (Veteran) 15th New York Heavy Artillery 140th New York 146th New York Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. RICHARD N. BOWEHMAN. 1st Maryland 4th Maryland 7th Maryland 8th Maryland Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. JAMES GWYN 3d Delaware 4th Delaware 157th Pennsylvania (four coml)anies) 190th Pennsylvania 191st Pennsylvania 210th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. EDWARD S. BRAGG. 24th Michigan 143d Pennsylvania 149th Pennsylvania 150th Pennsylvania 6th Wisconsin 7th Wisconsin Total First Brigade Second Bri~u de. Brig. Gen. HENRY BAXTER. Staff 16th Maine . 19th Massachusetts 97th New York 11th Pennsylvania 88th Pennsylvania 0 1 1 4 S Wounded. Captured or missing. a n 0 ~ 1 n 0 ~ 11 25 20 14 30 23 1 8 2 56 67 2 3 2 45 5 57 1 17 2 20 3 13 4 20 1 1 1 ii 14 3 8 3 86 11 111 1 3 8 5 17 1 2 6 9 2 1 3 5 5 4 4 2 3 21 7 33 4 8 46 13 71 4 20 13E 188 24 249 4 1 6 1 2 11 3 2 1 1 4 3 15 27 13 5 74 17 3 14 3 22 36 18 8 103 26 2~ 26 13 151 21 213 1 1 3 1 58 11 73 3 1 26 3 33 2 3 26 2 34 9 2 68 9 88 5 1 23 7 36 Total Second Brigade 23 9 201 I 3~ 26 Page 67 67 TUE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. Return of casualties in thc Union forces, 4c.Continiied. HATCHERS RUN, FEBRUARY 5-7. 1865Continued. Command. Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. HENRY A. MORROW. 94th New York 95th New York 147th New York 56th Pennsylvania 107th Pennsylvania 121st Pennsylvania 142d Pennsylvania Captured or Killed. Wounded. missing. I I ~. 0 0 ~ 0 ~ :0 ~ 4 2 1 2 1 6 2 5 1 3 Total Third Brigade 1 24 7 Total Third Division 3 7:1 21) ARTILLERY. Maj. ROBEaT H. FITZuI.TGH. Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery 1st New York Light, Battery D 1st New York Light, Batt.ery L Total Fifth Army Corps SIXTH ARMY CORPS. FIRST DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. FRANK WITEATON. First Brigade. 16 12 28 1 52 Ii ... 25 190 1 542 1 2 13 21 1 6 a bC be 40 37 48 8 81 17 29 37 260 90 738 I. 11 320 56 014 2 357 1,260 Lieut. Col. EDWARD L. CAMPBELL. 1st New Jersey ~three coolpanies) 2d New Jersey (one company) 3d New Jersey (one company) 4th New Jersey 10th New Jersey 15th New Jersey 40th New Jersey 3 2 Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. JAMES HUBBARD. 2d Connecticut Heavy Artillery 65th New York 121st New York 95th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH F. HAMBLIN. 37th Massachusetts 49th Pennsylvania 82d Pennsylvania 119th Pennsylvania 2d Rhode Island (six companies) 5th Wisconsin . .. . Total Third Brigade Total First Division 9 2 4 5 20 3 ~. 4 1) 7 I 231 51 27 Ternpornrily detaciled from Second Brigade. CHAP. LVIII. Page 68 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Return of casualties in the Union forces, 4c.Continued. HATCHERS RUN, FEBRUARY 5-7, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command a a . a . a . u ~ a a a tL a a en C ~ C C ~ NINTH ARMY CORPS. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN F. HAETRANFT. First Brigade. Col. CHARLES W. DIVEN. 200th Pennsylvania 208th Pennsylvania 209th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. JOSEPH A. MATHEWS. 205th Pennsylvania 207th Pennsylvania 211th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Total Third Division CAVALRY. SECOND DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. D. McM. GREGG. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY E. DAVIES, Jr.~ Staff 1st Massachusetts 1st New Jersey 1 10th New York 24th New York 1 1st Pennsylvania (five companies) 2d U. S. Artillery, Battery A Total First Bribade I 3 Second Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. IRVIN GREGG. Col. MICHAEL KERWIN. 2d Pennsylvania 4th Pennsylvania 1 8th Pennsylvania 13th Pennsylvania 1 16th Peunsylvallin 1st U. S. Artillery, Batteries H nud I Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. OLIVER B. KNOWLES. 1st Maine 2d New York Monnted Rifles 6th Ohio 13th Ohio 21st Pellusylvania Total Third Bri bade 1 3 3 2 1 ii 5 7 1 3 3 9,) 10 14 4 2 9 4 49 6 70 2 2 ii 11 I 31 ~ I___ . 2 2 11 Total Cavalry 2 12 11 ~ Wounded iFebrlsary 6. 68 1 1 13 1 9 4 29 4 28 2 14 22 2 2 2 79 71 18 13 11 Page 69 39 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. Return of casualties in the Union forces, cV(-.---Continued. RECAPITULATION. Killed. Wounded. Captured or ulIsMIug. a Regiments. a . a . a n a a a a a ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Army Corps 3 22 8 92 10 135 Fifth Army Corps 11 120 56 914 2 157 1, 260 Sixth Army Corps (First Division) I 21 5 27 Ninth Army Corps (Third Division) Cavalry 2 12 11 79 13 117 Grand total 16 155 75 1, 106 2 185 1, 539 I I OFFICERS KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. CONNECTICUT. Lieut. Franklin Bartlett, 14th Infantry. DELAWARE. Maj. James E. Baily, 3d Infantry. MARYLAND. Col. John W. Wilson, 1st Infantry. Lient. Lewis Armacost, 1st Infantry. Lient. Robert A. Wilson, 1st Infantry. Lieut. Jacob L. Troxell, 8th Infantry. MASSACHUSETTS. Lient. William H. Tibbitts, 19th Infantry. NEW YORK. Lient. Co]. Frederick L. Tremain, 10th Cavalry. Lient. Adolph Riemann, 15th Heavy Ar- tillery. Capt. Charles S. Montgomery, 5th Vet- eran infantry. Lient. Lansing Bristol, 147th Infantry. Lient. Hugh G. MeTavish, 164th In- fantry. Col. Mathew Marphy, 182d (69th National Gnard Artillery) infantry. PENNSYLVANIA. Capt. John Harper, 4th Cavalry. Capt. Nathaniel S. Sneyd, 13th Cavalry. Lient. James McGinley, 69th Infantry. Capt. Benjamin A. Smith, 83d Infantry. Lient. John Edgar, -jr., 91st Infantry. Capt. John Scott, 118th Infantry. Capt. Asher Gaylord, 143d Infantry. Lient. Albert B. Cole, 149th Infantry. Lient. Charles W. Frazier, 198th In- fantry. WISCONSIN. Capt. John R. Lammey, 6th Infantry. Lieut. Israel W. Hendricks, 6th Infantry. CHAP. LVIII. Page 70 70 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Rein en of eoseeeiliies in the tn ion forces, 4c.Continued. FORT STEI)MAN, MARCH 25, 1865. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. CI C- C- C- a a . a a C- a ~ a ~ a at 0 ~ 0 0 ~ NINTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN G. PARKE. FIRST DIVISION. Bvt. Maj. Gen. ORLANDO B. WILLCoX. First Brigade. * Col. SAMPEL HARRIMAN. 8th Michigan 27th Michigan 109th New York 51st Pennsylvania 37th Wisconsin 38th Wisconsin Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Bvt. Col. RALPR ELY. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters 2d Michigan 20th Michigan 46th New York 60th Ohio 50th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Bvt. Brig. Gen. NAPOLEON B. IMCLAtTGHLEN.t Bvt. Col. GILBERT P. RoBINsoN. 3d Maryland (hattalion) 29th Massaahusetts 8 57th Massachusetts 1 0 59th Massachusetts 14th New York Heavy Artillery 12 100th Pennsylvania 9 Total Third Brigade Acting Engineers. 17th Michigan Total First Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN F. HARTRANFT. Statl Firat Brigade. Col. CHARLES W. DIVEN4 Lient. Col. WILLlA~n H. 11. McCALL. 200th Pennsylvania 208th Pennsylvania :1: 209th Pennsylvania 1~ 2 1 1 6 9 3 5 2 4 3 25 1 2 3 3 2 4 4 28 4 43 57 3 3 3 7 1 19 19 47 50 21() 46 i 35 13 141 17 413 622 1 1 1 40 18 166 17 432 674 2 2 9 3 4 Total First Brigade 1 16 6 3 2 11 107 16 48 191 Not actively engaged, and had no losses. Captured. Wounded. 28 9 5 7 2 51 12 64 90 65 274 117 122 42 55 21 Page 71 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. Return of casualties in the Union forces, 4-cContinued. FORT STEDMAN, MARCH 25, 1865Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a Command. I a a . a . a a a a a bO a ~ a a bO 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Brigade. Cal. JOSEPH A. MATHEWS. 1 205th Pennsylvania 1 1 207th Pennsylvania 1 211th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY. Bvt. Brig. Gen. JOHN C. TIDHALL. 1st Connecticut Heavy, Company B 1st Connecticut Heavy, Company K 1st Connecticut Heavy, Company L Maine Light, 7th Battery Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery* - Massachusetts Light, 11th Battery Massachusetts Light, 14th Battery New Jersey Light, 3d Batteryt 1st New York Light, Battery Gt 8th New York Heavy. Company G New York Light, 19th Battery New York Light, 27th Battery New York Light, 34th Battery 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery B Pennsylvania Light, Battery D 5th United States, Batteries C and 1* Total Artillery Total Ninth Army Corpe 10 15 10 ii 17 11 2 2 35 39 1 18 15 226 260 1 . 1 1 4 1 2 35 43 1 5 13 19 1 2 11 14 1 2 5 8 1 1 1 a 1 2 i2 15 1 1 3 5 9 2 2 4 10 68 5 18 20 2 412 19 71 503 110 1,044 OFFICERS KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. CONNECTICUT. Lieut. John Odell, let Heavy Artillery. MARYLAND. Lieut. John Nape, 3d Infantry. MASSACHUSETTS. Limit. Epliraim B. Nye, 14th Battery. Capt. James Doherty, 57th Infantry. Lient. Nathaniel Burgess, 29th Infantry. Lieut. Albert M. Murdock, 57th Infantry. PENNSYLVANIA. Limit. Cal. Joseph H. Pentecost, 100th In- Lieut. Franklin W. Keller, 208th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. Hugh Jones, 209th Infantry~ Capt. Prosper Dalien, 208th Infantry. * Detached from Artillery Reserve. Detached from Second Army Corps. CHAP. LVIII.] 7 Page 72 72 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD.. AND PA. [CHAP.LVIII. No. 4. Itineraries of the Army of the Potomac, Sheridans Cavalry Command, and the Army of the James.* ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Engineer Brigade. January 7.Lieutenant OKeefe, with 150 men of the Fifteenth [New York] Engineers, embarked oii steamer George Chase, with engineer- ing and siege material, for Fort Fisher. January 22.Coinpany I, Fiftieth [New York] Engineers, Captain Foiwell, left for Major-General Sheridans army. January 29.Companies B and D, Fifteenth Engineers, started, with 620 feet of bridging, animals, & c., on transports for the South; desti. nation unknown. Troops engaged in drill and work on the fortiflcation~ around City Point. February 5.A train of thirty boats arrived from Washington. The whol& command, 1,900 strongcomposed of the Fifteenth New York Volunteer Engiiieers, Sixty-first Massachusetts Volunteers (leaving the pickets on Baileys Creek), Eighteenth New Hampshire, ~irst Maine Sharpshooters (two companies), and Michigan Sharpshootersstarted, via railroad, for the front, at about 5 p. in., with orders to report to Major-General Parke, commanding Ninth Corps. Bivouacked near the Avery house. February 6.Received orders from General Parke to move the bri- gade up to the Aiken house. The troops of the command occupied the line between Batteries No. 24 and 26, the right resting on Battery 24; headquarters of the brigade in rear of Fort Howard. A detail of 287 men from Engineer Brigade relieved the First Division, Sixth Corps, from picket duty. February 7.Troops under arms at 5 a. m. until 8 a. m. February 8.The Fifteenth Engineers and Michigan Sharpshooters occupied that portion of the line between Battery 24 and the marsh; the Eighteenth New Hampshire and Sixty-first Massachusetts, Bat- tery 25 (Fort Howard). Three hundred and eight men on l)icket duty. February 9.The command occupied the line from Battery 24 to Fort Howard, doing the picket duty. February 1O.Tcoops in same position as yesterday. February 11.The Engineer Brigade relieved this morning by Gen- eral Griffins troops of the Ninth Corps, and ordered to return to City Point and occupy their old camp at that place. Column started at about 10 a. in., reaching City Point during the afternoon. February 12 to 15.Troops occupied in drill, camp duty, and work on fortifications. February 15.General Bemiham returned from duty in New York. February 1G.A raft of thirty-two boats received from Captain Lubey at Deep Bottom, being part of the bridge at Aikens Landingreplaced by a pile bridge. February 16 to 28.Troops occupied in drill, camp duty, and work on fortifications of City Point. March 12.Halls Independent Battalion Sharpshooters, Michigan Volunteers, ordered to report to headquarters Ninth Corps, with a view of being consolidated with the First Michigan Sharpshooters; started via railroad same day. * From returns of the couima,ids indicated for January, February, March, April, May, and June, 1865 Page 73 CHAP. LYIJI.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 73 March 17.The Eighteenth New Hampshire Volunteers ordered to report to commanding officer Ninth Corps, to be consolidated with another regiment from the same State. The First Maine Sharpshooters ordered to the Fifth Corps, to be consolidated with another regiment from same State. The Sixty-first Massachusetts Volunteers ordered to report to General Collis, commanding post. General Benham to hold the outer defenses City Point with the Fifteenth Engineers. March 18.The Sixty-first Massachusetts Volunteers relieved from picket duty on Baileys Creek by the Fifteenth Engineers, and moved camp to City Point. March 24.Captain Lnbey, with Company C, Fifteenth Engineers, arrived at City Point from Deep Bottom, having been relieved from duty with pontoon bridges on the James River. March 25.Captain Dibbell, Fifteenth Engineers, with his company, ordered to the fortifications from this camp. The troops ordered out to meet an anticipated attack from the enemy. Captain Farr, assistant quartermaster, reported for duty. Capt. T. Lubey, Fifteenth Engi- neers, with his company and a raft of twenty-four boats, started, via river, at ii p. in., for the purpose of laying a bridge across the James River at Deep Bottom, below Four-Mile Creek. March 2G.Captain Lubey completed his bridge across the James at 6.30 a. m. At 6 p. m. General Sheridans command had crossed to the south side of the river. March 27.Captain Lubey, with his company and bridge, returned to City Point at 3 p. m. March 29.At 10 p. m. the whole comniand, including the four regi- ments of General Collis brigade, ordered to the defenses of City Point to meet an expected emergency. March 30.Troops returned to camp at daylight. April 1.Engineer Brigade in camp at City Point, Va. April 2.Moved the command, composed of the Fifteenth New York Engineers, Sixty-first Massachusetts, Sixty-eighth aiid One huiidred and fourteenth Pennsylvania, and Twentieth [Eightieth] New York Volunteers, and dismounted cavalry, and reported to General Parke, commanding Ninth Corps, the brigade of infantry being ordered up under Colonel Tippin, Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania, as General Collis could not be found. Reached Ii ort Rice between 1 and 2 p. in., and all but the Fifteenth New York Engineers were almost immediately ordered to charge the enemys works, which they did at the most critical moment, thereby saving the works of the enemy from recapture. May 1.The brigade having completed its duties at Roanoke Station in repairing the Richmond and Danville Railroad bridge across the Staunton River, broke camp and moved toward Manchester. Marched to Keysville and bivouacked for the night. May 2.Reached Burkeville Junction this p. in. May 3.Troops sent via Amelia Court-House, and general command- ing took the cars for City Point, with a detachment of the Fiftieth, to ship the engineer material at that place to Washington. May 5.Troops reached Manchester; passed in review through Rich- mond. Troops ordered to march overland to Alexandria, under com- mand of Colonel Brainerd. The general commanding went to Wash- ington, by way of City Point, to complete the arrangements for shipping pontoon and siege material. May 7.Headquarters of the brigade reached Washington. May 12.The Fifteenth Regiment reached Alexandria Page 74 74 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. illay 16.Headquarters of the brigade moved to near Fort Berry, Va. May 2LThe Fiftieth Regiment arrived, having been delayed in constructing the necessary bridges on the route. May 25.Participated in the grand review through Washington. Remained in camp at Fort Berry, Va. (about four miles from Wash- ington), the remainder of the month, making preparations for the muster-out of a portion of the volunteer troops. The engineer trains and pontoon property were turned in to the proper departments at Washington. June 4.Received special orders to muster out all the volunteer troops in the Engineer Brigade. Siege Train. Capt. B. P. Learned returned from absence with leave on April 5, and joined company on the 6th. Capt. J. M. Twiss absent on thirty days leave since April 17, Special Orders, No 97, headquarters Department of Virginia, April 10. Upon the movement of the Army of the Potomac six companies of the First Connecticut Artillery were assigned to the command of Major- General Parke, commanding Ninth Corps, and were engaged in the action of April 2 before Petersburg. Since the capture of Richmond and Petersburg the entire command has been engaged in shipping the siege train and dismantling the rebel works before Richmond and Petersburg. SECOND ARMY CORPS. January.No changes in the disposition of the troops of this com- mand during the month. February 5.7 a. in., the Second and Third Divisions, with Bat- tery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and the Tenth Massachusetts Battery, advanced to the crossing of Hatchers Run, on the Vaughan road, and at Armstrongs Mill. The enemy in small force were driven across the run at 9.30 a. m. by the skirmishers of the First Brigade, Third Division. The First and Second Brigades, Third Division, took posi- tion on the south side of the run, while the Third Brigade took position iii the vicinity of the Tucker house, [near] the Vaughan road; the Sec- ond Division was posted with its left on the run and the right near Armstrongs Mill. At 5.15 p. m. the enemy in strong force attacked the right of Smyths division and the left of McAllisters (Third) brigade, Third Division, and were finally repulsed, the action having been coii- tinned until after 7 p. m. The Fourth Brigade, First Division, was formed in line at 4.30 p. in., near the Tucker house, to relieve McAllis- ters right, the First, Second, and Third Brigades of First Division remaining in charge of the old line of intrenchments. February 6.Reconnaissances were sent out by the Third Division without finding any forces except the enemys pickets, who were driven imiside their main line of works. At the same time all three divisions of the corps were held in readiness to attack the enemy if found outside his works. February 9.The First and Third Divisions took up their position on the new line from Fort Greo~r to the Vaughan road crossing of Hatchers Run. February 11.The Second Division was assigned a position on the new line of works along Hatchers Run, which position the corps now [February 28] holds, with headquarters near the site of the Wilkinson house Page 75 CHAP. LVJH.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 75 March 1 to 25.In camp, as last return. March 25.Enemy broke through at Fort Stedman on Ninth Corps front. The Second and Third Divisions of the corps, in afternoon, attacked enemys intrenched picket-line, capturing it with many pris- oners. March 2G to 29.In camp. March 29.Broke camp at 6 a. in.; crossed Hatchers Run at Vaughan road; formed line, with right resting on run at Vaughan crossing, and left connecting with right of Fifth Corps, near the Quaker road. Fifth Corps attacked by the enemy on the Quaker road. March 30.Troops advanced; connecting on the right with a division of the Twenty-fourth Corps, and on the left with Fifth Corps. Line formed, with right resting at Crow house, and left on the Boydton road, near the Mrs. Bainey house. Skirmishing with enemy all day. March 31.Relieved part of the line held by the Fifth Corps on the left of the Boydton road. Miles division sent in to assist the Fifth Corps, and captured one color. Skirmishing by the Second and Third Divisions. Miles sent to report to General Sheridan. Line formed, with right resting at Mrs. Butlers, on Boydton road, and left at Crow house. April 1.The left of mhe line of the corps rested on Gravelly IRan. At dusk the First Division moved to make a connection with General Sheridan, the remainder of the corps connecting with Miles by men in single rank with intervals. Our left now rests near the Claiborne and White Oak roads. A great deal of skirmishing during the night. The Second Division ordered to be ready to attack the enemys redoubt in front of the Crow house at daylight; afterward order countermanded. April 2.The enemy evacuate their works in our front at 9 oclock. Received news from the Second Division that they had carried the redoubt near Crow house, taking 280 prisoners and 3 guns. Miles division returns from Sheridan, strikes the enemy on Claiborne road and follows them, and at 3 oclock attacks their position near Suther- lands Station; drives them out, taking 2 guns, 400 prisoners, and 1 battle-flag. Second and Third Divisions follow the Boydton plank road, crossing Hatchers Run, and take position within one mile and a half of Petersburg. General llumphreys t~rkes the Second Division and moves down the Cox road to relieve Miles, who reported the enemy too strong. Upon the arrival of the Second Division Miles is found all right. April 3.Corps again together, and moves on River and Namozine roads to Namozine Church. April 4.Marched down Namozine road and encamped near Deep Creek. April 5.Left camp at 1.30 a. in., with slow progress, on account of the cavalry occupying the road. Issued rations and resumed the march, passing through Dennisville, and reached the Richmond and Danville Railroad at Jetersville Station. Halted in line of battle with two divisions, First and Second, on left of Fifth Corps, with Third on the right, which was afterward relieved by Sixth Corps, and was placed on the left of the corps. April G.Moved at 6.30 in direction of Amelia Court-House, in three columns, with deploying distanceSecond Division on right First in center, Third on left. At 9 oclock discovered the enemy moving past Amelia Sulphur Springs. 9.30 oclock Motts division moved down the Jetersville and Deatonsville road; cross Flat Creek and skirmish with their rear guard. At Deatonsville they made a stand; we charged an Page 76 76 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIIi. drove them 2 p. in. At 4.40 oclock connected with Sixth Corps aiid moved down the Farmyille roa(l to Sailors Creek, where the enemy made a stand; drove them, taking 250 wagons, 75 ambulances, several battle-flags, and between 600 and 700 prisoners. The enemys route was strewn with wagons, camp and garrison equipage. General Bar- low reported early in the morning and was assigned to the command of the Second Division. April 7.Marched to High Bridge and found the enemy on the high ground on other side of Appoinattox River in line of battle; they retired and we followed. The bridge was set on fire, but was saved. The corps captured 18 guns and 400 prisoners. Barlow moved down the railroad, and First and Third [Divisions] took a road two miles from the bridge, turning to the right, leading to the Farmville and Lynchburg stage road, striking it some miles above Farmville. Here the enemy was found in strong force, and we failed to find their flank, so no attack was ordered. Barlow forced them and destroyed 150 wagons. General Smyth, commanding Third Brigade, Second Pivis. ion, was mortally wounded. April 8.Left camp at 7 a. in.; marched down the Farmville and Lynchburg stage road one mile and a half towar(l the right, on the road leading to Buckingham Court-House. At Coahit turned to the right and marched on a road running parallel to plank road, and marched through New Store. Rested two hours and a half. Received orders to march until we had the enemy on our immediate front. Left at 9.30 oclock; marched until 12.30 oclock. The men were so exhausted for want of something to eat that a halt was ordered; went into camp and rations were issued. April 9.Left camp at 9 oclock and marched to within five miles of Appomattox Court-House; halted. At 4 oclock received news that General Lee had surrendered his army. April 10.Remained quiet. April 11.Left camp at 10.30 oclock; marched to New Store, and encamped for the night. April 12.Left camp at 6.30 oclock; marched one mile and a half; struck plank road; marched through Curdsville; crossed Little Willis River, passing through Farinville; encamped near Bush River. April 13.Left camp at 8 oclock; moved to Burkeville. Remained at Burkeville during the remainder of the month. May 1.At Burkeville. May 2. Moved from Burkeville to Jetersville. May 3.Moved from Jetersville, via Amelia Court-House, across the Appomattox at Goodes Bridge. May 4.Moved from Goodes Bridge to Two.Mile Creek, five miles from Richmond. May 5.Moved to Manchester. May G.Moved through Richmond by Brook road to Brook Creek. May 7.Moved across Chickahominy at Winstons Bridge via Han- over Court-House; across Pamunkey at Littlepages Bridge. May 8.Moved past Concord Church Ch terfield, Mo nut Cannel Church, by esterfield Station, Old Ches- telegraph road, to vicinity of Golans- ville. May 9.Moved by telegraph road across Pole-Cat Mat Ta P Ny to Massaponax Church. , 0, and May 10.Moved through Fredericksburg across Rappahannock; passed Washington, Oders, Cockley Store, to Old Tavern. May 11.Passed Tusculum to Middle Run Page 77 (JI~AP LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 77 May 12.Marched to vicinity of Wolf Run Shoals, on Occoquan. May 13.Marched to Baileys Cross-Roads and encamped, remaining here during the rest of the month. [Jane.]No change of station during the month. First Division. February 5.The Fourth Brigade of this division was ordered to Hatchers Run, and formed in line on the right of the Third Division. February 9.It returned~ not having been engaged. On tle same day the division moved to the left, its right resting at Fort Gregg, its left at the chimneys of the Westmoreland house, and threw up a line of works. [March 25.]The division remained in camp in the breast-works, near Squirrel Level road, until the morning of this date, when attacking parties were sent out from the First and Fourth Brigades to occupy the enemys picket-line. This was done, and the movetneiit was followed by the advance of the entire command to the new position gained. During the afternoon three determined attacks were made by the enemy, with the view of dislodging us, all of which were repulsed. A strong picket-line was left upon the ground occupied, when the division returned to its former camp behind the intrenchments. March 29.The division marched by the left hank across Hatchers Run, and formed line on the left of the Third Division. Advanced in line to Dabneys Mill road the next day, with the left resting at the Boydton plank road. March 31.Moved to the left, relieving the Fifth Corps from the position held by them. At 12.30 p. m. the division advanced to the i-elief of the Fifth Corps, then engaged with the enemy. The Third and Fourth Brigades, striking the rebels in flank and driving them to their works, captured large numbers of prisoners and a flag. Obtained pos- session of the White Oak road. Subsequently moved to the right, intrenched the line, and bivouacked. First Brigade, First Division. February.This brigade broke camp on the morning of the 9th, and moved about one mile and a half to the left, in the direction of Hatchers Ruii, to a new position, which we [have] since occupied. March 9.This brigade was reviewed by Brevet Major-General Miles, with the rest of the division. March 23.This brigade was reviewed, with the rest of the corps, by Major-General Humphreys. March 25.At 6 a. m. -this brigade was ordered to be ready to move. Two hundred men of the Sixty-first New York Volunteers marched out of our intrenchments, with orders to attack the enemys picket-line and break it if possible. They made the attack, but were repulsed, with a small loss, owing to the dense undergrowth and swamp in their front. They then moved half a mile to the left and renewed the assault, driv- ing the enemy from their strong intrenched picket-line and holding the same. The brigade now moved out to their support and was deployed on the line. The enemy made two different assaults to regain their lost position, but were each time handsomely repulsed. At 12 midnight the brigade was withdrawn, and returned to camp. March 29.At 6 a. rn. the brigade moved down the Vaughan road, crossing Hatchers Run, and bivouacked about five miles from the run, near Brown house Page 78 78 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. March 30.We advanced our line a short distance. March 31.We crossed the Boydton road, relieving part of the Fifth Corps, and became heavily engaged with the enemy, though with com- paratively small loss. April 1.The brigade, with the division, moved at 4.30 p. m. froni a position near the junction of the White Oak and Boydton roads, and rested near the Butler house until S p. in., when we advanced, struck the Quaker road, marching down the same about two miles, and biv- ouacked. April 2.The brigade moved at 7 a. in. Were then ordered back, on intimation that the enemy were evacuating their main works. Marched through them, following the retreating enemy, and found them in tem- porary works near Sutherlands Station, South Side Railroad. Charged them and captured about 600 prisoners, and bivouacked near that place. April 3 to 5.Continued the pursuit of the fleeing enemy on the Namozine road, and bivouacked near the Danville railroad at 8 p. m. April 5, marching about twenty-four miles. April 6.Moved at 5 a. m. toward Amelia Court-House. At 10 a. m. observed the enemys wagon train, and advanced rapidly in pursuit, chasing them all day. At 5 p. in. the brigade charged, making large captures in prisoners, artillery, wagons, horses, flags, & c., and bivouacked near Monkey Run. April 7.Moved at 6 a. in.; crossed the Appomattox River at High Bridge; found the enemy in light works near Cumberland Church. The brigade was ordered to charge them at 5 p. in., but were repulsed, on account of overwhelming numbers, losing heavily in officers and men. April 8.Continued the pursuit of the retreating enemy, marching down the Lynchburg road about sixteen miles; bivouacked at 11 p. in. April 9.At daylight resumed the pursuit of the fleeing enemy. At 11 a. in came upon the enemys pickets. The brigade was halted and formed in line, awaiting negotiations of peace. At 2 p. in. again advanced a short distance, but were again halted. At 4 p. in. the wel- come news of the surrender of Lees entire army was announced to the troops. April 11.The division moved at 10 a. in. (except this brigade, which remained to guard the surrendered and captured ordnance and ord- nance stores) to Burkeville Station. Remained there until 6.30 on the morning of April 13. April 13. We moved up the old Lynchburg road, the train arriving at New Store at 6 p. in. April 14.Moved at 7.30 a. in. with the train, and arrived at Farm- ville, Va., at 5 p. in., and bivouacked two miles from that place. April 15.Marched at 7 a. in. to Burkeville Station; joined the divis- ion about 5 p. mm, and went into camp. April 17.Col. John Fraser, One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, assumed command of the brigade, relieving Col. 0-. W. Scott, Sixty-first New York Volunteers. April 18.Broke camp and moved about one mile and a half, and went into camp near the Agnew house, where we still remain (May 1). May 1.In camp near Burkeville Station, Va. ~iIay 2.Received orders to march at 1 p. in. by direct route to Man- chester. May 5.Arrived there at 10 a. mu Page 79 CHAP. LVIIJ.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 79 May G.Took up our line of march for Fredericksburg, passing through Richmond and halting about seven miles from the city for the night, near the branch of the Chickahominy River. May 7.Marched about twenty miles, crossing the Pamunkey River, and encamped near it for the night. May 8.On the march crossed the Pole-Cat River, and encamped about seven miles from it for the night. May 9.On the march; crossed the Mat, Po, and Ta Rivers, and en- camped for the night near the old battle-ground, Spotsylvania. May 10.Passed through Fredericksburg, crossing the Potomac Creek, and encamped near it for the night. May 11 and 12.On the march, nothing of importance occurring dur- ing the day. May 13.Crossed the Occoquan Creek at Wolf Run Shoals, and crossing the Orange and Alexandria Railroad at Burkes Station, en- camped for the night near Masons Hill, about seven miles from Alex- andria, and remaining encamped until the morning of the 15th. May 15.March~1 about four miles, and encamped near Four-Mile Run, where we still remain. May 23.Participated in grand review of the Army of the Potomac at Washington. May 31.Took part in the review of the Second Army Corps at Balls Cross-Roads, and remain still encamped, with the division, at Four-Mile Run. & cond Brigade, First Dirision. Pebru~ry.Remained in camp employed in drill, and furnished vari- ous details until the 9th; then, from orders from division headquarters, moved camp to the left about two miles, and established in rear of First, Third, and Fourth Brigades. Since then remained in camp furnishing ordinary details. Regimental and brigade drill have been held when weather and circumstances would permit. [March.]The brigade remained in camp, furnishing details for picket, & c.; also employed in drill and military instruction until the 25th in- stant, when it broke camp and advanced, capturing the picket-lines of the enemy, who made repeated attempts to regain it, but were hand- somely repulsed. The action lasted about three hours, when the bri- gade was relieved by a portion of the Fifth Corps and was ordered to return to camp. The losses in the action were 16 enlisted men killed, 7 commissioned officers and 154 enlisted men wounded, and 1 enlisted man missing; total, 178. The brigade remained in camp until the 29th instant, when it broke camp arid marched, with the division, to the left, across Hatchers Run and toward the South Side Railroad, occasion ally skirmishing with the enemy. March 31.Still continuing the advance. [April.]This brigade took a prominent part in the campaign, being in the charge at Sutherlands Station and in the advance through the entire campaign, capturing many prisoners, 2 battle-flags, and losing in killed, wounded, and missing 147 men. April 11.Joined the division in the march to Burkeville, where it remains [April 30], engaged in drill and military instruction Page 80 80 N. AND SE. VA, N. C., W VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Third Brigade, First Dirision. March 29.Broke camp, crossed Hatchers iRun, formed in line of battle; One hundred and twenty-sixth [New Yorkj deployed as skir- mishers. March 30.Resumed march in line of battle; One hundred and eleventh [New York] relieved the One hundred and twenty-sixth as skirmishers at 11 a. m. At noon met the enemy, drove them across Boydton plank road; line of battle advanced to within view of the enemy; constructed breast-work and bivouacked. March 31.Changed positions at about 1 p. in.; advanced, charged the enemy with much enthusiasm, driving [him] in confusion~ c one battle-flag and many prisoners. , aptured April 1.Changed position at 11 p. in.; the One hundred and eleventh ordered to reconnoiter and find if an assault on the enemys works were practicable~ found it doubtful, and withdrew; marched to the left until 4a.m. April 2; rested. April 2.Returned three miles; again advanced and found the enemy; advanced under a fire of artillery and musketry, the enemy falling back before our skirmishers. Continued march toward South Side Railroad, driving the enemy, causing them to destroy caissous, baggage, & c. Again found the enemy in strong position; charged their works, and [were] repulsed. General Madill wounded, and sent to the rear. General MacDougall assumed command; a second charge ordered; again repulsed. General MacDougall wounded, but retained command. Artillery placed in position; enemy leave the works; follow in pursuit and take possession of railroad. April 3.Continued the pursuit. April 4.Repairing roads. April 5.Assisting the advance of train and artillery. April 6.Continued attacks on enemys rear; charged on a battery which covered the retreat of the enemys train. Captured some prison- ers, drove the enemy, captured 140 wagons, and bivouacked. April 7.Moved in view of High Bridge; found the enemy strongly intrenched; Thirty-ninth and Fifty-second [New York] deployed as skirmishers; drove the enemy; advanced across the river; took up line of march toward Farmville; found the enemy again in position; biv- ouacked. April 8.Enemy evacuated during the night. Continued the ad- vance; One hundred and eleventh, One hundred and twenty-fifth, and One hundred and twenty-sixth as skirmishers. April 9.Received the news of General Lees surrender, which was received with great enthusiasm. Returned [11th] by way of Farmville, with banners flying, to our present position near Burkeville Junction, Va. May 2.The brigade broke camp with the corps near Burkeville Sta- tion, Va., and moved over the direct route to Manchester, Va. May 5.Arrived at that place about noon, resting one day. May 6.The command moved across the James River in the morn- ing, passing through Richmond, and encamping for the night near Yellow Tavern, from which point, after marching easy marches of from fourteen to eighteen miles a day, moving by way of Fredericksburg, Va., the column arrived opposite Washington, ID. C., on the afternoon of the 13th, and the command went into permanent camp near Baileys Cross-Roads on the morning of the 15th, where the troops still remain Page 81 CHAP. LVIII.I THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 81 Follrth Brigade, First Division. February 6.The brigade, under command of Bvt. Brig. Gen. John Ramsey, received orders to march in the afternoon, moving toward Hatchers Run. The command formed in line of battle near the Tucker house, connecting with General McAllisters brigade of the Third Division, Second Army Corps, on the left, and the right resting near a swamp. The brigade remained in this position, and at the same time throwing up earth-works, until the 9th, when it retnrned to its former camp. The command was not engaged, yet still held an important part of the line. All this without the loss of an officer or a mali. Since, that time no movements have taken place. [March.]During the month the command remained undisturbed. in camp until the morning of the 25th, when marching orders were received, and the command was held in readiness to move. At 3 p. m. the brigade advanced and moved under cover of a wood one mile in advance of our main lifle of works. At 5 p. in. the brigade was ordered forward, and formed line of battle with the remainder of the division, connecting with Third Brigade on the right and Second on the left. The fighting was quite spirited, we remaining on the defensjve, and was very favorable to our forces. In the night we withdrew to our camp,~ and resumed the regular routine of camp duty. March 29.The brigade again moved, and, advancing on the Vaughan road a short distance, filed to the right and formed line of battle near the ~3oydton road, connecting with the Fifth Corps. Steady advances were made and the line extended farther to the left until this command extended to the Boydton road. March 31.The brigade was ordered farther to the left, and at 1 p. in., the Third Division of the Fifth Corps being driven back, I was ordered to assume the offensive, and became warmly engaged with the enemy and drove them about two miles~ but not without severe loss. The night closed the contest, and the command was ordered to fortify the advanced position and be prepared for future operations. April 1.Marched from in front of Petersburg to join the forces under General Sheridan. April 2.Joined General Sheridan at daylight. Entered the enemys works and participated in the action near the South Side Railroad. Captured 2 guns and 1 battle-flag. April 3, 4, and 5.Marched to overtake the retreating enemy. April 6.Came in sight of the enemy, but were not actively engaged. April 7.Participated in the action near Farmville. April 8.Resumed the march. April 9.Were present at the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia. Rested until the 11th instant, when we marched toward Burkeville, where we arrived on the 13th and encamped. May 2.Broke camp near Burkeville and marched to Manchester, Va., where we arrived May 5. May 6.Entered Richmond, and marched from there, via Fredericks- burg, to Alexandria. May 13.Arrived near Alexandria, Va., and encamped near Four. Mile Run, where we still remain. [June.]No change of locality of camp during the mouth. 6 IR UVOL XLVI, PT Page 82 82 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Second Division. Pebruetry 5.In the morning, in compliance with orders received, the division advanced on the Vaughan road toward Hatchers Run to the vicinity of the Armstrong house, where the enemys pickets were found strongly posted; they were soon driven in, and, after a short engagement, a new line was established. February 11.The division was assigned a position on the new line of works along Hatchers Rnu. [Metrch.1The command remained in camp inactive until the 25th instant, a~ which time the enemy made a partially successful assault on our line in front of Petersburg, when, with other portions of the corps, it participated in a successful movement on the enemys line near Hatchers Run. March 26.Having accomplished its object, the command returned to camp at night. March 29.Again broke camp, and took an hctive part during the remainder of the month in the operations against the enemy in the vicinity of Hatchers Run. April 2.In the morning, in conjunction with the army, broke the lines of the enemy, carrying a redoubt and capturing two guns. Rapid pursuit of the enemy was kept up and frequent skirmishing occurred until April 9, when the enemy surrendered near Appomattox Court- House, Va. April 11.In the morning the troops moved on the return march. April 14.Arrived at Burkeville. Remained in camp at Burkeville, Va., until 30th instant. Third Brigade, Second Division. February 4.In the evening this command received orders to be in readiness to move at 7 a. in. on the morning of the 5th. At the hour designated the command was under arms, and soon after moved with the column on the Vaughan road to Hatchers Run. The command participated in the skirmishes at the run, and also aided in repulsing several charges made by the enemy in front of the Third Division of this corps on the afternoon of the 5th instant. February 11.In the morning the command was assigned to its pres- ent position on the Vaughan road in reserve camp. [March.]This command remained inactive during the month until the enemy assaulted our line in front of Petersburg, when, with other portions of this corps, it participated in an attack on the enemys left, near Hatchers Run, March 25. Having accomplished the desired object, the command was ordered back to camp the night of the same date. March 29.In accordance with orders the command broke camp and took an active part in the operations near Hatchers Run during the remainder of the month. Third Divisio,~. February 5.Moved to Hatchers Run; Fir8t and Second Brigades took position on the western side. February 6.First and Second Brigades returned to the eastern side of the run and took position near the Tucker house Page 83 CHAP. LV~.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 83 February 9.Troops took position now held, extending from Battery B to Armstrongs Mill; headquarters at Claypole house, on Squirrel Level road. April 1.Remained in position on Boydton plank road. April 2.Occupied the enemys line of works, and moved forward within two miles of Petersburg. Took position in line, connecting Sixth and Twenty-fourth Army Corps. Ordered to report to Major- General Wright, commanding Sixth Corps. April 3.Petersburg being evacuated, moved dowii the South Side Railroad, rejoining the Second Corps. April 4.Marched seven miles toward Jetersvillc. April 5.Marched to Jetersville. April 6.Attacked the enemy at Amelia Sulphur Springs; made six assaults upoii him at different points, driving hiiii from his position each time, capturing gnus, colors, wagons, and prisoners. April 7.Met the enemy near Farmville, Va.; made no attack. April 8 and 9.Marched to Clover Hill. The Army of Northern Virginia snrrendered. April 11.Marched to New Store. April 12.Marched to Farmville. April 13.Marched to Burkeville Junction. April 30.Still in camp at Burkeville Junction. May 2.Lefi camp at Burkeville, Va.; marched to Amelia Court- House. May 3.Marched to Haxalls. May 4.Marched to Manchester. May 6.Marched through Richmond to Yellow Tavern. ~J!ay 7.Marched across Pamunkey River at Littlepages Bridge. May 8.Marched to Hawkins Creek. May ,9.Marched to Ta River. May 10.Marched through Fredericksburg to Oders Store. May 11.Marched to Tusculum. May 12.Marched to Webster house. May 13.Crossed the Occoquan at Wolf Run Shoals and marched to Ann andale. Jfay 15.Went into camp at Baileys Cross-Roads, Va. [June.]No change of station during the month. First Brigade, Third Dirisiom April 1 and 2.This brigade participated in the attack on Peters- burg (on the left flank), and, with the remainder of the corps, pursued the enemy until the surrender of Lee, capturing many prisoners, ma- terial of war, and wagons, especially April 6. After the surrender of Lee, the brigade returned to near Burkeville, where [April 30] it now is. General Mott (commanding division) having been wounded on the 6th, General De Trobriand assumed command of the division, and Col. R. B. Shepherd, First Maine Heavy Artillery, assumed command of the brigade. The Fortieth New York Volunteers now garrisons Farm- ville. Second Brigade, Third Dirision. February 1.This brigade was encamped a short distance outside of the rear line of works and about 1,500 yards west of the Weldon rail- road Page 84 84 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYiII. February 5.Broke camp at 7 a. m. and marched on the Vaughan road to Hatchers Run. Participated in the engagement on that day. During the night the enemy fell back. February 6.In the morning a new line of works, extending from the left of the former line to Hatchers Run, was laid out, and the brigade was engaged in constructingthis line on the 6th, 7th, and 8th, making abatis and slashing the timber in front of it. February 9.The brigade went into camp about 1,500 yards in rear of the line and near the Vanghan road, where it has since remained, doing picket, fatigue, and camp duties. Marck 1.The brigade occupied the same camp as on February 28, viz, in rear of Union line, near Humphreys Station. Remained in camp doing picket, fatigue, and camp duty until the morning of the 29th, when it broke camp and marched on the Vaughan road abont one mile beyond Hatchers Creek. March 30.The brigade marched in line of battle toward the Dabney Mill road. Halted for the night near the mill. March 31.Advanced in line of battle until we met the enemy near the battle-ground of October 27, left of brigade resting near the Boyd- ton plank road. April 1.Brigade lay in line of battle (in the morning in same posi- tion as on March 31) perpendicular to crossing the Boydtou road where the fight of October 27 occurred. April 2.About 8 a. in., the enemy having been driven from their works in our front, the brigade moved by the flank up the plank road to near Petersburg. Skirmished with the enemy until near dark. Remained for the night in line around the house formerly occupied by General Mahone as headquarters. April 3.Marched about dfteen miles in pursuit of the enemy on river road in direction of Lynchburg. April 4.Marched about five miles. Brigade employed in corduroy- ing road. April 5.Marched about fifteen miles, striking Danville railroad, where we encamped. April 6.Marched at 6 a. in. Skirmished with the enemy, capturing wagon train, one piece of artillery, small-arms, & c., at Sailors Creek, where we remained for the night. April 7.Marched aboni. fifteen miles in direction of Lynchburg. April 9.Marched to Clover Hill, where General Lee surrendered to General Grant. April 10.Remained in camp. April 11.Marched bach to New Store. April 12.Marched to Farmnville. April 13.Marched to Burkeville, where we have since remained, doing camp and fatigue duty. Third Brigade, Third Division. February 1.Broke camp near the Halifax road, and joined the divis- ion in the expedition to Hatchers Run on the 5th. February 5.During the engagement with the enemy in the afternoon this brigade took up line of battle on left of Vaughan road and repulsed the attack of the enemy three times, with considerable loss to them. The new line having becit formed, the command remained quiet in camp in rear of the breast-worlis near the Vaughan road for the rest of the month Page 85 CHAP. LYlE.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIG1~. 85 1March.1Remained in camp near Hatchers Run, paLtici~)atiL1g in the affifir of March 25 near the Tucker house where, after a stubborn resistance on the part of the enemy, we succeeded in taking and retak- ing the enemys picket-line in our front. March 29.Broke camp, and mo~ed with the rest of the division to the left near the Boyclton iAank road. March 31.Made a gallant charge on the enemys works to develop their str~ength. April 2.Attacked and captured the enemys picket-line where the Boydton plank road crosses the White Oak road, and afterward occu- pied his main works and advanced to Petersburg. April 3 to 5.Pursued the enemy. April 6.Cam~ up with him at Amelia Springs. Skirmishea with him all day, and at night succeeded in forcing him to abandon his wagon train. April 7 and 8.Continued the pursuit; also on the 9th until 8 p. in., when near Appomattox Court-House the surrender of Lee was an- nounced and the troops ordered to make camp. April 11.Were ordered to Burkeville, and arrived there on the 14th. April 13 and 14, acting as rear guard to the Artillery Brigade. Made camp on the 14th, where the command remained during the rest of the month. May 2.The brigade started from Burkeville Station with the Second Corps. May 6.Passed through Richmond. May 15.Arrived near Baileys Cross-Roads. May 23.Passed in review at Washington. [June.]Remained quietly in camp, near Baileys Cross-Roads, Va., during the month. Artillery Brigade. F February.]The movement to and engagement at Hatchers Run occurred between the 5th and 8th of this month. Only two batteries of this brigadeTenth Massachusetts and K, Fourth United States participated. lJlIarch.]Jn the engagement on the 25th four batteries of this brigade were engaged: Tenth Massachusetts Battery; K, Fourth U. S. Artillery; M, First New Hampshire Artillery; and B, First New Jersey. Six battcries of this brigade are on detached service, with Artillery Reserve: C and I, Fifth U. S. Artillery; F, First Pennsyl- vania Artillery; G, First New York Artillery Twelfth New York Bat- tery; Third New Jersey Battery; and Sixth Maine Battery. FIFTH ARMY CORPS. [January.]The corps has remained in its camp between the Halifax road and Jerusalem plank road, no movement having taken place dur- ing the month. February 5.The corps moved from its camp between the Halifax road and the Jerusalem plank road in the morning, in obedience to orders from the major-general commanding Army of the Potomac, taking part in the actions of the 5th, 6th, and 7th, at Rowanty Creek and near Hatchers Run, it being now [March 6] in camp near the latter place. 6 [March jThe corps remained in its camp nedr Hatchers Run up to a. m. on the 25th Page 86 86 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. March 25.At (4 a. m. the Second and Third Divisions were ordered to move to the support of the Ninth Corps, in front of Fort Stedman, to aid in repelling an attack of the enemy upon that portion of our line. About the same time the First Division was ordered to move to the support of the Second Corps. The attack on Fort Sted- man having been repulsed and the enemy driven back by the Ninth Corps, the Second and Third Divisions were not engaged. The Third Brigade of the First Division had a sharp fight with the enemy on the Second Corps front and repulsed his attack. At night the corps returned to its tormer camp. March 29.The corps broke camp at 4 a. m. and marched down the stage road, crossing Rowanty Creek, taking position at the junction of the stage and Quaker roads, from which point it moved up the Quaker road to near the junction of the Boydton plank road. Here, about 4p. in., the First Division met the enemy, and, after a severe action, drove him into his works. March 30.The corps remained in position, and during the day advanced our lines toward the White Oak road and constructed breast-works. March 31.The Second and Third Divisions advanced against the enemy, who met theni in superior force, causing our line to fall back. The First Division then advanced and restored the line, taking a numn- ber of prisoners and one battle-flag. The enemy did not follow, and by night-fall had completely retired from the position held by him in the morning. During the night the corps was massed near the Boydton plank road, and toward midnight the Second Division was ordered to move down the Boydtou plank road to Dinwiddie to the support of Major-General Sheridan. April 1.The First and Third Divisions of this corps moved at day- light to support General Sheridan, at Five Forks, on the White Oak road, the Second Division having moved to that point the night pre- vious. The corps engaged the enemy about 3.30 p. in., and after a severe battle, with the assistance of the cavalry, drove him completely from the field, cal)turing 5 guns, 12 battle4lags, and 3,244 prisoners. About 5 p. in. Major-General Warren was relieved from the command of the corps by Major-General Sheridan and Bvt. Maj. Gen. Charles Griffin assigned to the command. The battle ceasing about dark, the corps bivouacked on the field. Bvt. Brig. Gen. Fred. Winthrop was killed. April 2.Marched at 6 a. m. toward the Claiborne road; returned to the White Oak road; thence down the Ford road across Hatchers Run to Coxs Station, on South Side Railroad; captured 1 engine and 3 cars and tore np the track; continued on march to the junction of the Yamo- zine and River roads. Here General Crawfords divbsion was moved down the Namozine road toward the river to support General Merritt, and had a slight skirmish with the enemy. Marched twenty miles. April 3.-Marched down the River road, bridging and crossing Namo- zine Creek; picked up many straggling rebels, who were concealed in the woods. At 6.30 p. in. received the news of the capture of Peters- burg and evacuation of Richmond. Halted near Deep Creek and biv- ouacked for the night, after a march of tw-enty-three uiiles. Picked up and turned over to the ordnance department three brass 12-pounders abandoned by the enemy. April 4.Marched at 5 a. m. via Dennisville, arriving at Jetersville, on the Danville railroad, at 5.20 p. in.; went into position and threw up a line of brea~t-works; distance marched this day twenty.five miles. April 5.Remained in position all day Page 87 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 87 April G.Marched at 6 a. m. toward Amelia Court-House; thence along the Prideville road, via Pain eville, to vicinity of Ligontown, marching about thirty-two miles. Picked up to-day 300 prisoners, and destroyed a number of rebel wagons and caissons. April 7.Marched at 5.30 a in., crossing Bush Creek, to Prince Edward Court-House, a distance of eighteen miles. April 8.Marched at 6 a. nm.7 moving up the Lynchburg railroad via Prospect Station, following the Twenty-fourth Corps; continued on march until 2 a. in., bivouacking within three miles of Appomattox Court-House; marched this day about twenty.nine miles. April 9.Jvlarclied at 4 a. in., reaching the vicinity of Appomattox Court-House about 7 a. mu. Found the cavalry sharply engaged with the enemy, who were driving our skirmishers; went into position at once and advanced against the enemy, who, after a short contest, retreated, and about 9 a. m. it was announced that General Lee had surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia. Orders to cease firing were immediately given, and the troops halted where they were, having reached and taken possession of Appomattox Court-House. About 3 p. m. the troops went into camp. April 10.Brevet Major-tieneral Griffin appointed one of the com- missioners to arrange the terms of surrender. April 12.The rebel army marched out and surrendered its arms, guns, and colors, the First Division, Fifth Corps, receiving them. The captures numbered 157 pieces of artillery, 71 battle-flags, and about 17,000 stand of small-arms. Official report of prisoners surrendered 26, 1l5.* April 13 and 14.Removed the captured property to the railroad for transportation to Washington. April 15.Left Appomattox Court-House at 2 p. in., following the railroad, halting for the night after a march of thirteen miles. April 16.Marched at 6 a. in., via Prospect Station, to Farmville, marching seventeen miles. April 17.Marched at 7 a. in., taking the road to Burkeville; thence to Little Sandy Run, where the corps went into camp; distance marched this day twenty-seven miles. April 18 and 19.Remained in camp. April 20.Marched at 7 a. m. to Nottoway Court-House, relieving the Ninth Corps in guarding the railroad from Burkevihle to Peters- burg; distance marched, eighteen miles. The corps contimmued on this duty during the remainder of the mouth, corps headquarters remain- ing at Nottoway Court-House. The casualties in the corps from March 29 to April 9, inclusive, number: Killed. Wounded. Missing. Aggregate. Officers 18 103 6 127 Enlisted men 245 1,553 540 2,338 Total 263j 1,656 ~ 2,465 May 1.Left Nottoway Court-House at 9 a. m. and closed the corps on the First Division, which was occupying Wilsons Station; distance, sixteen miles. May 2.Marched at 6 a. in., via Sutherlands Station, to within fIve miles of Petersburg, and went into camp, a march of twenty miles. B Compilation of lists of prisoners paroled foots up 28,231. See p. 1277 Page 88 88 N. AND SE. V \., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYliL / May 3.Marched at 6 p in., passing through Petersburg and up the Petersburg and Richmond pike to Drewrys Bluff, a distance of eighteen miles. May 4.Marched at 6 a. in., arriving at Manchester at 8.30 a. in., and went into camp outside the town; marched five miles. Continued our march to Hanover Court-House, encamping at night on the old battle- field; marched twenty-three miles. iltay 5.Remained in camp; corps headquarters at Chesterfield Park. May 6.Marched at ~ a. m. in conjunction with the rest of the Army of the Potomac, and entered Richmond, following the route of march laid down in General Orders, No. 114, Army of the Potomac. May 7.Marched at 10 a. m. to Concord Church and went into camp; distance, twelve miles. ]IIay 8.Marched at 6 a. in., and after a march of sixteen miles went into camp beyond Milford Station. May 9.Marched at 5 a. in., crossing the Massaponax and Rappa- hannock Rivers, and encamped opposite Fredericksburg; distance marched, twenty miles. May 10.Marched at 5 a. in., crossing Potomac, Aquia, and Chop- awainsic Creeks; distance marched, eighteen miles. May 11.Marched at 6 a. in. via Duinfries, crossing the Quantico and Occoquan Rivers, and encamping at Fairfax Station; distance marched, eighteen miles. May 12.Marched at 6 a. in., via Fairfax Court-House, to the Colum- bia pike, and went into camp at Four-Mile Run. May 23.Marched into Washington and took part in the grand review of the Army of the Potomac; returned to camp the same day. [June.jThe corps has remained in camp near Four-Mile Run during the month. Headquarters has remained unchanged. First Division. [February.]The division remained in camp near Jerusalem plank road until the moruimig of the 5th. February 5.A sufficient guard having been left to protect the camps and surrounding l)roperty, the (livison moved out along the Weldon railroad in the (lirection of Dinwiddie Court-House, marching that day seventeen miles. February 6.Returned to Hatchers Run before daylight. February 7.In the afternoon took part in a very severe engagement with the enemy, during which the division lost very heavily. The division held the line of works along the bank of Hatchers Run until February 11. February 11.They recrossed the run and took up a position on the rear and flank, where they have been since, performing the usual picket, camp, and fatigue duties. rirarch.]The division performed the usual camp and outpost duties, & c., until March 25, when it marched out,leaving, however, the Second Brigade back to support the Second Corps duriiig the fighting that day. Returned in the evening, and remained nntil the 29th. 1Ji((rch 29.A geiieral move was made. Participated in all the engagements from Lewis Thrum up to Boydtomm plank road, where the division lost very heavily. [Aprii.]The division particil)ated in all the engagenients from the battle of Five Forks up to the surrender of Lees army, losing heavily in killed and wounded Page 89 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 89 May 2.Marched from Wilsons Station, Va., via Petersburg, to iRich- mond. May 6.Passed through Richmond; marched toward Washington. May 12.Arrived at Arlington Heights. First Brigade, First Division. February 5.In accordance with orders, the brigade broke camp at 6.30 a. in., and with the balance of the division moved west to the Wel- dou railroad; then south and southwest to a point on Hatchers Run; then northwest on a road leading to Dinwiddie Court-House, halting at 4p.m. on the plantation of Oliver Chappell, and remained until lip. in.; then retnrned by the same road to the Vaughan road; then marched north on the Vaughan road to the south bank of Hatchers Run and occupied earth-works covering crossing of that stream. February 6.About 3 p. m. the brigade was ordered to the support of General Winthrops brigade, then being pressed l)y an assault of the enemy. Formed a line of battle, facing west, and moved forward. A charge was ordered on the enemy, which was executed in a most gallant style. The enemy broke at the first volley and fled in great confusion. After pursuing for some distance, the brigade was halted, in consequence of being out of ammunition. At 5.30 p. in. rapid firing commenced on the right and to the rear, when the command was changed to face north- west, and remained under arms all night. February 7.In the morning the enemy threateiied an attack. Sharp firing was kept up between the two lines of skirmishers for three-qnarters of an hour, when, a heavy rain and hail storm setting in, the enemy with- drew to cover of woods. At 11 a. in. the brigade was relieved by Gen- eral Greggs cavalry, and reoccupied the works left the previous day. The casualties were comparatively small. Since the last-mentioned date the command has gone into new camp, and has been busily engaged in doing picket and fatigue daty and in erecting quarters. March 25.T he brigade left camp at Hatchers Run, Va., in the morn- ing, and with the balance of the division supported the Second Corps in their attack on the enemys lines, returning to camp the same night. March 29.Broke camp in the morning; met the enemy on Lewis farm, near Gravelly Run, Va., and, after a desperate engagement of nearly two hours~, being re-enforced by three regiments from the Third Brigade, drove him from the field. The loss in killed and wounded was severe. Bivouacked on the field of battle. March 31.In the morning advanced on the enemy and drove him from his defenses on White Oak road and turned the breast-works; biv- ouacked for the night; our losses were light. April 1.The brigade resumed the march at 6.30 a. in., and with the corps joined General Sheridans command at 8.30 of the same morning. Advanced in line of battle against the enemy at 3.30 p. in. and fought the battle of Five Forks, capturing a large number of prisoners. Our loss was small. April 2.Crossed the South Side Railroad in pursuit of the retreat- ing enemy, which 1)arsuit was followed up until the surrender of Gen- eral Lee, April 9, near Appoinattox Court-Honse. Remained at this point until the 15th awaiting the parole of prisoners and gathering in - captured arms and ammunition. April 15.In the morning took up the line of march for the South Side Railroad, arriving at Wilsons Station, on that road, the 21st. Here the brigade went into camp, doing duty along the railroad and at residences in the vicinity during the remainder of the month Page 90 90 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. May 2.The brigade passed through Petersburg, and marched toward Richmond. May 4.Arrived at Manchester, opposite that city. May 6.It passed through Richmond, leading the corps, and arrived in the vicinity of Washington, iD. C. May 30.The One hundred aud eighty-fifth New York Volunteers was mustered out of service, aud left for home May 31. Third Brigade, First Division. [February.]The brigade remained in camp near Jerusalem I)lank road until February 5. February 5.Leaving a su~cient guard to protect the camps, the brigade moved out along the line of the Weldon railroad, and pro- ceeded toward iDinwiddie Court-House, marching on that day about seventeen miles. February 6.Returned to Hatchers Run before daylight, and on the afternoon of same day took part in a severe engagement with the enemy, with considerable loss in killed and wounded. Held line of works along the bank of Hatchers Run until February 11. February 11.Crossed the run in the morning and took position on rear line, where the brigade has since remained, performing the usual camp and outpost duties with an occasional detail for fatigue. [March.] The brigade performed the usual camp and outpost duties, with frequent reviews and seVeral brigade dress parades, until the 25th. March 25.The brigade was moved out to support the Second Corps during that day, as the enemy made an attack near Petersburg, and the line on the left was pushed forward. Returned to camp at night and remained until 29th. ]Iiarch 29. -A general move was made. This brigade was in the engagement at Lewis farm on the 29th, and at Boydton road on 30th and 31st, suffering considerably in killed and wounded. April 1.The brigade took part in the engagement at Five Forks, losing a few men killed and wounded, and capturing a very large num- ber of prisoners from the enemy. Followed the retreating rebel army until the 9th instant. April 9.The brigade took part in the engagement at Appomattox Court-House, with a loss of one man wounded on the skirmish hue. General Lee surrendered the whole Army of Northern Virginia on that day. April 12.The brigade was drawn up in line to receive the captured arms and colors. Remained at Appomattox until the 15th. April 15.The brigade taok up line of march toward Burkeville, which was passed on the 17th. Remained in that vicinity until the 20th. April 20.Took up line of march along the South Side Railroad. April 23.Relieved troops of the Ninth Corps on the railroad near Sutherlands Station. The brigade remained until April 30 employed in guarding the rail. road, commissary, and quartermasters stores, and as safeguards to the citizens residing in that vicinity. May 2.Broke camp at Sutherlands Station, and marched to Man- chester, via Petersburg. May 4.Arrived at Manchester, and reumained there until the 6th. May 6.Marched through Richmond, and took up line of march for Alexandria. May 12.Arrived at Arlington Heights, where the brigade went into camp, and has remained up to the 31st instant Page 91 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 91 Second Die ision. February 5.The divisiou marched from camp near Gurley house in the morning through the road; reached Rowanty Creek at noon; found the enemy in some force intrenched upon the farther bank, but a sharp engagement dislodged him and effected a crossing for the cavalry and corps. Continued the march to the Vaughan house, where a strong position was takeu up, the First and Second Divisions coming up upon the left and right. At 11 p. m. moved down the Vaughan [road I to breast-works near Hatchers iRmi, arriving at daybreak. in the after- noon engaged the enemy, two brigades supporting the Third Division, near Dabneys Mill, and one holding the Vaughan road against the enemy attacking in force. At night encamped near Hatchers Run; spent several days in work upon new lines. February 11.Came back a mile to this camp, where the division still remains. [March.]The division lay quietly in camp near Hatchers Run until the 25th. March 25.The division was suddenly marched to the Gurley house and then to the lines of the Ninth Corps to assist in repelling an attack of the enemy. At night the division returned to its former position with- out having beeim engaged. March 29.In the morning the command broke camp at 3 oclock and marched to Rowanty Creek, which was crossed without opposition. The march was continued to the junction of the Vaughan a~nd Quaker roads, where the division halted for the night with the exception of the First Brigade, which was sent to reenforce the First Division, engaged with the enemy on the Boydton plank road. March 30.Crossed the Boydton plank road, and in the afternoon made a reconnaissance in a northwesterly direction to the neighbor- hood of the Dabney house, on the White Oak road, and leaving there a strong picket. March 31.In the morning re-enforced the picket-line with the whole division, and soon after received orders to take the White Oak road and intrench upon it, the Third Division being sent as a support. An attack was accordingly made, but not attended with success, as the enemy was l)resent in overwhelming numbers. The command, how- ever, fell back in good order toward its supports, but they suddenly, and apparently without cause, withdrawing, was compelled to continue its retreat to the position occupied time previous night. Later in the day advanced with the rest of the corps to the White Oak road with- out opposition, the enemy having marched toward Dinwiddie. At 11 p. m. received orders to report immediately to General Sheridan, at Dinwiddie, and midnight and the close of the month found us making a difficult night march down the Boydton plank road. April 1.Time division joined the cavalry forces under General Sheri- dan near Dinwiddie Court-house early in the morning, and later in the day took a prominent part iii the battle of Five Forks, finding in its front the enemy strongly intrenched, but carrying the works and cap- turing nine battle-flags and over 1,000 prisoners. Brevet Brigadier- General Wimmthrop here fell mortally wounded just at the moment that it was evident that the victory was ours. The enemy were pursued some tlmree miles that evening. April 2.Crossed Hatchers Run and marched down the South Side Railroad toward Petersburg, bivouackiimg at night near Beverly Ford Page 92 92 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. April 3.It was discovered that the enemy had evacuated Peters- burg, and from that time to the 9th the division was in close I)ursuit, sometimes with the Army of the Potomac and sometimes with the cavalry. Long and tiresome marches were made daily, but the division was not engaged until the morning of the 9th. April 9.The rebel Army of Northern Virginia surrendered. At this time the division had the good ftwtune to be advancing rapidly in line of battle, and the flag of truce pre~)aratory to negotiations caine through its skirmish line, which had already driven the enemy more than a mile, its left wing capturing a caisson and putting to flight a battery, while the right had advanced near to the town. After the surrender the division remained at Appomattox Court-House until the 15th. April 15.Marched to Burkeville and afterward encamped along the South Side Railroad, doing picket on that part of the road between Burkeville and Nottoway Court-House th latter place. , e headquarters bcing at the May 12.The division reached the banks of the Potomac, having left Nottoway Court-House on May 1. First Brigade, Second Division. February 5.The brigade broke camp near the Gurley house, Va.; marched down the Halifax road to Rowanty Creek, and lay in line of battle until midnight, when it moved back upon the Vaughan road and occupied a line of breast-works to the left of the road about a mile west of the run. About 1 p. m. moved out to the support of Greggs cavalry, who were skirmishing heavily with the enemy; relieved the cavalry pickets. The enemy attempted to advance several times, but were repulsed. Being relieved by the First Brigade of the First Division, the brigade was ordered out on picket, where it remained until the afternoon of the 7th. It established camp soon after its being relieved from picket, about two miles to the right of the Vaughan road, where it has since then remained. Secouzd Brigade, Second Division. February 5 (Sunday).This brigade marched from its camp near the Gurley house at 7 a. m. in a westerly direction; crossed Hatchers Run about noon of the same day, and proceeding until 4 p. in., took position at the Vaughan house, on the rebel military road. At 11 p. ni. marched back to Hatchers Run, taking position in breast-works at daylight. February 6.At 2 p. m. we followed Crawfords division, formed in line, and advanced into the woods; encountered the enemy; charged and drove him to Dabneys Mill; fought him in a brisk action until all the ammunition on the persons of the men was consumed, after which we were relieved by other troops. The engagement lasted two hours and a half, during which time we sustained a loss of 3 officers and 9 men killed, 3 officers and 85 men wounded, and 15 men missing. After several days work throwing up intrenchments, the brigade, on the 11th, went into camp near Hatchers Run, where it has remaiiied during the balance of the month. March 29.Found the brigade on the march, in the center of the division, and after passing Rowanty Creek, about 9 a. in., it reached the Vaughan road about noon, after a march of eight or ten miles. March 30.Crossed Gravelly Run Page 93 Cu~. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 93 ]Jiarch 31.Had a spirited engagement with the attacking enemy near White Oak road, being first forced to retreat, but afterward regaining the lost ground. The casualties were 8 men killed, 3 officers and 37 men wounded, and 72 men missing; aggregate, 120. Among the wounded was Brevet Brigadier-General Denison, the commander, upon whose retirement the command devolved on Col. IR. N. Bowerman, Fourth Maryland Volunteers. April 1.Formed a junction with Sheridans cavalry; attacked and carried the enemys breast-works near Five Forks. Colonel Bowerman was wounded in the early part of the engagement, leaving the command with Col. D. L. Stanton, First Maryland Volunteers; also Captain Simon, brigade inspector, who was succeeded by Capt. L. It. Cassard, Eighth Maryland Volunteers. The casualties were 8 men killed, 7 officers and 52 men wounded, and 14 men missing; aggregate, 81. Maii~* prisoners were captured and two battle-flags taken by this bri- gade. After this the brigade assisted in the pursuit of the retreating enemy, acting near to and mostly in conjunction with Sheridans cav- alry. The marching was rapid and sometimes fatiguing, but with the exception of one man wounded on the 9th no further casualties occurred until the surrender of Lee with the rebel army under his command, which terminated the campaign and virtually the war. April 15 to 17.From Appomattox Court-House, where this took place, the brigade marched back to near Nottoway Court-House, forty- four miles; went into camp and remained quietly urtil the end of the month. April 30.This brigade received marching orders. May 1.Left its camp near Nottoway t ourt-House, marching with the corps by way of Petersburg to the vicinity of Richmond. May 4.Arrived in camp near Manchester. May 6.Left and marched through Richmond; thence northward by way of Fredericksburg to Arlington Heights, where we went into camp May 13. May 23.Took part in the grand review of the army in the city of Washington. May 31.Three regiments of the brigade, viz, Fourth, Seventh, and Eighth, and a detachment of the First, mustered out under General Orders, No. 94, War Department, Adjutant-Generals Office. - This closes the career of the Maryland Brigade, which was organized by General J. 11. Kenhy at Harpers Ferry arid Maryland Heights iu the winter of 1862 and 1863, and has beemi an integral part of the Army of the Potomac since Juhy~ 1863. Third Brigade, Second Division. February 5.In the morning brigade moved in accordance with cir- cular from headquarters Fifth Corps of the 4th instant, reaching Rowanty Creek about noon, whiere the enemy was found posted in strong works on the oppositebank. These works weretakenby this brigade, capturing twenty-seven prisoners. After a short delay to cover the crossing of the remainder of the division, the brigade again advanced some three or four miles and took up position before dark on the left of Second Bri- gade. The march was again resumed at 11 oclock, and continued until reaching the crossing of the ~anghan road at Hatchers Run, where the brigade was massed in reserve. February 6.During the morning relieved the First Brigade jim the works. In the afternoon engaged the enemy at Dabneys Mill, losing ~ officers and 62 men in killed, wounded, and missing Page 94 94 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIIL March 24 [25].The command moved from camp near Hatchers iRun, Va., to a position near the Gurley house, to assist in repelling an attack made on our lines in front of the Ninth Army Corps; were not called into action during the day; returned to our former position in the evening. March 28 [29]~Broke camp about 4 a. in. and moved south toward Dinwiddie Court-House. Did not encounter the enemy during the day. Moved next day to Boydton plank road, it having been taken the day before by the Third Division, F Corps. March 31.Advanced against the enemy. Succeeded in reaching to a short distance of the White Oak road. Advanced again during the afternoon and occupied the White Oak road, the enemy having marched from our front and attacked General Sheridans cavalry near 1)inwiddie Court-House. Colonel Sergeant, commanding Two hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was wounded in the engagement of the 31st. April 1.The command moved in the morning to a point near Din- widdie Court-House, where it halted until about 3 p. iii., when an advance was ordered, the Fifth Corps attacking the enemy on the left flank, driving him with great impetuosity. This brigade captured many prisoners, 2 guns, 2 battle-flags, and several wagons and ambulances. General Winthrop, commanding First Brigade, was killed during one of the charges in the afternoon. Learned the next morning that the works in front of Petersburg and Richmond were captured by the Sixth and Ninth Corps. Started in the afternoon in the direction of the South Side Railroad, which xvas occupied the next day. Pushed on in the direction of the Danvihle road, capturing muany guns, wagons, & c., along the route. Reached Danville road after three days forced march, occupying Burkeville before the arrival of Lee thereby head- ing him oft from Danville. Lee started for Lynchburg, but, after four days very heavy marching, we succeeded in getting between his army and Lynchbnrg, forcing him to surrender on the 9th instant. Remained near Appomattox Court-House until his army was all paroled, when we returned to Burkeville, and front there the corps moved to relieve the Ninth Corps along the South Side Railroad, where it still remains. April 28.The One humidred and fifty-seventh Pennsylvamiia Volun- teers was consolidated with the One hundred and ninety-first Pennsylva- nia Volunteers, per Special Orders, No. 96, paragraph V, dated head- quarters Third Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Corps. May 1.The comnmnand moved from Nottoway Court-House toward Petersburg, following the South Side Railroad. May 3.Passed through the city, continuing omi toward Richmond. May 4.Reached that place, where we rested for one day. May 6.Passed through Richmond and continued on toward Wash- ington. May 12.Arrived there. May 23.The Army of the Potomac was reviewed by the President and General Grant. May 30.The Two hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers was mustered out of service. illay 31.They left for their State. Third Dirision. February 5.Moved at 8 a. in.; crossed Rowanty Creek; from that to Gravelly Run; halted for the night; portion of division on picket daty Page 95 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 95 February 6.Moved at 4 a. in.; marched back to Hatchers Run. At 2 p. m. division moved upon the enemy, and drove him to his works near Armstrongs or Dab neys Mill. The enemy being heavily re-en- forced, in turn drove our line back to the run. February 7.Line again formed at 10 a. m. and advanced on the enemy, driving them from lines of rifle-pits into their main line of works. Heavy skirmishing continued during the entire day. February 8.Division principally on picket. February 9.Returned to former camp for baggage, & c. February 10.Marched to and established present camp near Halifax road. illiarch ,?9.Division broke camp at Hatchers Run an(l moved iii a southwesterly (lirection, crossing Rowanty Creek; thence following Quaker road until vicinity of Boydton plank road was reached near Gravelly Run, where enemy was found; formed line of battle on left of First Division; deployed skirmishers, covering front of division. The enemy retreated before our advance. March 30.Moved to Bo~ dton plank road, forming line parallel. Same day occupied in throwing up breast-works, behind ~vhich the troops lay during remainder of day and night. March 31.Line formed at 6.30 a. in. and itioved out; followed Boyd- ton plank road two miles, then filed to the right, halted, and massed in woods near an open field. The advance of Second 1)ivision checked by superior force of the enemy; fell back to l)revellt captnre of division; line was again formed and further advance of the enemy successfully arrested. Api-il LMoved from Gravelly Run. Action of Five Forks. April 2.Moved to Fords Station and (lowIl the Namozine road. Engagement with enemys rear guard at night. April 3.Moved to Sweat-House Ci-eek. April f.Moved to Jetersville. April 6.Moved through Paineville and to Sailors Creek, near High Bridge, over the Appomattox River. April 7.Moved across the Appomattox River to Prince i~dward Court-House. April 8.Moved to Evergreen Station. April 9.Moved to Appomattox Court-House. Lees surrender. April 15.Moved east of Paniplins Station. April 16.Moved to Farmville. April 17.Moved to headwaters of Little Sandy River, near Prices Station. April 20.Moved near Nottoway Court-House. April 21.Moved near Blacks and Whites Station, the command guarding the railroad from Nottoway to Wilsons Statiomi. May 1.Moved from Blacks and Whites Station to Wilsons Station. May 2.Moved to Sutherlands Station. May 3.Marched through Petersburg to eight miles from Manchester. May 1.Marched to Manchester. May 6.Marched through Richmond to Peakes Turn-Out. May 7.Marched to Concord Church. May 8.Crossed the Mattapony and marched to Milford Station May 9.Marched to Fredericksburg, crossing the Rappahann~ck. May 10.Marched to Chopawanisic Cr~k, near Aquia Creek. May 11.Marched to near Fairfax Station. May 12.Marched to Balls Cross-Roads and encamped. [June.]The division has remained in camp during the entire month Page 96 96 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYILI. First Provisional Brigade, Third Division. February 14.This brigade was organized from the Sixth and Seventh Wisconsin, the other regiments of the First Brigade, Third Division, having been sent north on duty. The regiments were, at the time, in their present location, and picket and fatigue duty and the erection of quarters have occupied the attention of both officers and men since that date. First Brigade, Third Division. March 3.The Ninety-first New York Veteran Volunteers was assigned to this brigade by Special Orders, No. 55, headquarters Third Division. March 15.The term provisional was dropped from the designa- tion of the brigade by Special Orders, No. 68, headquarters Third Division. March 26 [25].At 7 a. m. the brigade moved to the support of the Ninth Corps, and was halted near Warrens Station until about 4 p. in., when it iiioved to support the left of the Sixth Corps. After dark the brigade returned to camp. March 29.Early iii the morning the brigade broke camp and marched to a point near the Boydton plank road. March 30.It move(l to the plank road and threw up breast-works. March 31.Crossed the plank road, and, after advancing about a mile, was attacked by the enemy, and the line iii front of this brigade breaking suddenly. allowing the enemy to advance before the brigade could be deployed, it was forced back across a creek in its rear. The battle-field was reoccupied during the day, and our line considerably advanced beyond it. April 1.The brigade took a prominent part in the action which secured the evacuation of Petersburg by breaking i~he South Side Rail- road. April 2.Moved to the railroad, and on it toward Petersburg three or four miles; then took the Burkeville road ~vest a distance of about fiv~miles, where there was some skirmishing with the enemy. April 3.Moved on toward Burkeville and continued in the pursuit of Lees army, being near Appoinattox Court-House the 9th, when Gen- eral Lee surrendered at that place. Remained until the 14th, for the terms of capitulation to be carried out. Returned by way of Farmville to Burkeville, encamping a few miles out toward Danville. April 18 (about).Were ordered to guard the Petersburg and Lynch- burg Railroad. April 20 and 21.Marched to our present location. Second Brigade, Third Division. February 5.Moved from camp on Jerusalem plank road at 7 a m marching south, crossing Rowanty Creek; from that to Gravelly Ru; far as Vaughan roa~d; halted for the night, a portion of the brigade doing picket duty. February 6.Moved at 4 a. in.; marched back to Hatchers Run. At 2 p. m. moved upon the enemy, and participated in the battle near Dabneys Mill. February 7.Line again formed at 10a.m.; portion of brigade deployed as skirmishers and advanced on enemy, driving theni fP~i~m line of 4fie Page 97 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 97 pits into the main line of works. Heavy skirmishing continued during the entire day. At 5 p. m. advance was ordered, but did not succeed in carrying the works, and returned to line held by skirmishers, stop- ping during the day. The brigade remaiiied on this line until 1 a. in., when it marched back to Hatchers Run. February 8.On picket duty during the entire day. February 9.Returned to former camp for baggage, & c. February 10.Marched to and established present camp near Halifax road. March 7.The Third Division. to which this brigade is attached, was reviewed by General Meade. March 14.Corps reviewed by General Meade. March 16.Corps reviewed by Secretary of War and Generals Meade and Warren. March 23.Brigade marched to temporarily occupy lines of First Division, Second Corps, absent on review. March 25.Brigade moved to support of Ninth Corps, whose works the enemy had attacked and partially carried. Attack repelled by Ninth Corps. Division reviewed by President Lincoln. March 29.Brigade broke camp near Hatchers Run and moved in a southwesterly direction, crossing Rowanty Creek; then following Quaker road until vicinity of Boydton plank road was reached near Gravelly Run, where enemy was found. Brigade here formed line of battle ou left of First Division; one regiment of brigade, deployed as skirmishers, covered front of brigade, connecting with skirmishers of First Division on right and Third Brigade on left. The enemy retreated before our advance and brigade bivouacked in an open field near Boydton plank road. March 30.Brigade moved to Boydton plank road, forming line par- allel with same. Day occupied in throwing up breast-works, behind which the troops lay remainder of day and night. March 31.Line formed at 6.30 a. in., and moved out from works built on 30th. Followed Boydton road two miles, then filed to ~ght, halted, and massed in woods iiear an open field; oue regiment placed on picket, connecting with the picket-line of the Second Division on left, right resting on Gravelly Run. The advance of the Second Divis- ion, by superior force of enemy, fell back. To prevent capture brigade fell back across Gravelly Run, when line was again formed and further advance of the enemy was successfully arrested. At 3 p. in. moved again to left and front, crossing the run, recovering our wounded lost in the morning. At night brigade threw up breast-works to complete the line between Second Corps, on right, and First Division of the corps, on left, in rear of which works the brigade bivouacked for the night. Commissioned officers killed and wounded during the month: Lieut. Col. H. M. Tremlett, Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers; Capt. W. C. Kinsley, Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers (since died); Lieut. Alpheus Thomas, Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers; Capt. A. H. Van Deusen, Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers; all March 31. April 1.The morning found the brigade lying in rear of works built on night of 31st, near White Oak road. Line of battle formed in rear of works and marched in retreat to Gravelly Run Church, which place we reached about 3 p. in. Brigade was here formed in two lines, connecting with First Division on right, and on left with First Brigade, Third Division; advance of the entire line ordered at 3 p. m. The enemys skirmishers were driven steadily before our advance. 7 R RvoL xLvI, PT Page 98 98 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHiP. LYIIL On reaching White Oak road changed direction to left, moving parallel with the road. We flanked the enemys works, driving them from them in confusion. Pursuit was continued until dark, when brigade moved back on White Oak road and bivouacked. April 2.Marched to Hatchers Run; crossed South Side Railroad; struck the enemys retreating column at midnight; distance marched, twenty-five miles. April 3.Continued in pursuit of enemy. April 4.Halted for night at Jetersville, on Danville railroad; works thrown up by Third Brigade, this division, in anticipation of an attack. April 5.Remained in bivouac during entire day. April 6.Formed line of battle at daylight and advanced against enemy, who hastily retreated. April 7.Continued pursuit of enemy. halted for night at Prince Edward Court-House. April 8.Resumed march at 6 a. in.; halted at 2 a. m. following day; days march, thirty-five miles. April 9.Made a rapid march of a few miles, and soon came in sight of our lines, engaged with enemy near Appomattox Court-House. The enemy exhibiting a flag of truce, a cessation of hostilities was ordered until 4 p. in., at which hour General Lee formally surrendered his com- mand to General Grant. April 10 to 14.Remained in camp near Appomattox Court-House. April 15.Corps ordered to Burkeville Junction, which place we reached on the 17th. April 20.Corps ordered to relieve Ninth Corps in performance of duty on line of iDanville railroad. April 21.Headquarters of brigade established near Blacks and Whites Station. Brigade performed patrol duty up to 30th. May 1.Broke camp near Blacks and Whites Station; marched to Wilsons Station. May 2.Resumed march at 6 a in.; halted for night within five miles of Petersburg. May 3.Marched through Petersburg. May 4.Resumed march at a. in.; reached Manchester at noon, and went into camp. May 6.Passed in review through Richmond. May 12.Reached vicinity of Alexandria and went into camp near Balls Cross-Roads. May 23.Participated in grand review through streets of Wash. ington. Third Brigade, Third Division. February 5.In the morning, with a strength of 59 officers and 1,301 muskets, left camp on Lees Mill road and marched fifteen miles, cross- ing Hatchers Run at Armstrongs Mill. February 6.At 3 a. m. recrossed Hatchers Run and engaged the enemy near Dabneys Mill; a severely contested battle-ground, from which we were withdrawn at dusk to the pits on the run, having lost 10 officers and 193 men killed and wounded. February 7.Made a demonstration on the enemy, meeting with a small loss. February 8.Recrossed Hatchers Run, returning to old camp on the 10th Page 99 Ow~. LVIII.] THE RJCHMOND CAMPAIGN. 99 February 11.Changed camp to Colonel Wyatts plantation, south of Church road, our left resting on Halifax road. March 29.In pursuance of previous orders, broke camp on Halifax road, reaching point itear Boydton plank road about 1 p. in., where General Griffin had already engaged the enemy. Went into line on General Ayres left. The One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Dailey, and Fifty-sixth Penn- sylvania Veteran Volunteers (consolidated), Major Laycock, having entered the line, linmedi ately advanced, engaging enemys skirmishers, driving them across the plank road, which road was permanently held at this point by brigade, and further, being first occupation of that road. After several changes of position, division massed for night where plauik road was first struck, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Dailey, One hundred and forty-seventh New York, picketing front 4 the But. ler house. illiarch 30.Remained without important change in same position, making several lines of works, finally adopting and erecting works on line of plank road. In morning Colonel Daileys picket was advanced, left resting at Gravelly Run bridge, on plank road, and right connect- ing with Generaj Griffin, with reserve at Butlers burnt house. March 31.Marched to Dabneys house, on Gravelly Run and near White Oak road. General Ayres divisioii (one brigade) went into line about three-quarters of a mile from White Oak road. By orders from division headquarters reported to General Ayres, and was shown posi- tion to be occupied by brigade short distance in rear of Second Division line. While going into position (right by file) preceding line had ad- vanced and engaged the enemy, and before this brigade was or could be prop& rly in position first line was returning, pressed by the enemy. About same time, of four battalions in position, three of the com- manders (Lieutenant-Colonel Dailey, One hundred and forty-seventh New York Voluiuteers Lieutenant-Colonel Warren, One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Major Fish, Ninety-fourth New York Volunteers) had been wounded. The enemy had also con- centrated a fire on left flank. These causes, with the retiring of Second Division, compelled the falling back of this brigade; after several tem- porary intermediate formations 6f line, secured position on ridge occu- l)ied by First Division; here bivouacked for night. April 1.Marched from point near Boydton plank road, reaching Gravelly Run Church at 3p. m, where line was formed. At 3.30 p. in. advanced, crossing White Oak road; continued advance without halt- ing; enemys works were soon crossed, and all resistance having ceased, division then returned to Gravelly Run Church, on White Oak road, and bivouacked for night. April 2.Crossed Hatchers Run, following Church road to South Side Railroad. Followed railroad to crossing of Cox road, and from that point marched to forks of Namozine and River roads. Again moved along Namozine road, crossing Chandlers Run, to junction of Church, or Ford, and Namozine road; very late bivouacked for night. April 3 to 9.Brigade was not again actively engaged, duties being confined to a series of long and tedious marches over miserable roads, along which was found abundant evidence of rapid and fatiguing retreat of enemy. April 9.Reached Appomattox Court-House 8.30 a. in. Further movements were now arrested by reception of flag of truce, which even- tuated in the capitulation, same day, of Army of Northern Virginia - (rebel), General Lee, to Lieutenant-General Grant Page 100 100 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIfl~ Artillery Brigade. [February.]Three of the batteries accompanied the corps in the late movement to Hatchers Run, and remained in position on the new ground until the 25th. February 25.They were relieved and two batteries sent to do the duty. With this exception no new movement has been made by the command, the old camp having been preserved and three batteries kept on the Ninth Corps front in turn, as heretofore. March 29.No event of importance transpired previous to this date, when five batteries (B, Fourth United States, D and G, Fifth United States, B, D, and H, First New York) broke camp and accompanied the infantry of the corps. Battery B, Fourth United States, partici- pated in the engagements of the 29th and 30th, on the Quaker and Boydtou roads. March 30 and 31.Batteries D and G, Fifth United States, were also engaged in the same locality. March 31.~Battery] H, First New York, was also engaged near the Boydton plank road, as was also Battery D, First New York Artillery. ilIay 1.The five batteries reported present were en route from Not- toway Court-House to Richmond, via Petersburg, Va. May 4.Arrived at Richmond. May 6.Resumed march to Washington, via Hanover Court-House, Bowling Green, Fredericksburg, and Fairfax Court-House. May 12.Arrived at Washington. Since that date the command has been encamped, with main body of the corps, on Columbia turnpike, about three miles from Washington City. SIXTH ARMY CORPS. January.No change of camp during the month. [February.]The corps remained in camp until the night of the 5th instant. February 5.The First Division was ordered to move to Hatchers Run and report to Major-General Humphreys, commanding Second Corps. February 6, 7, and 8.This division [First] participated in the en- gagements at Dabneys Mill. February 9.Returned to camp. February 7.Pursuant to instructions contained in circular from headquarters Army of the Potomac (same date), a new disposition of the lines was effected, the corps now occupying the front line from Fort Howard, on the right, to Fort Gregg, on the left, inclusive. With these exceptions, no other events worthy of record occurred. March 1 to 25,Remained in camp near Petersburg, nothing unusual or worthy of record taking place until the morning of the 25th. March 25.The enemy made a desperate assault on a portion of the Ninth Corps front, gaining a temporary advantage, at which time the First Division was ordered to the support of that corps, but before it arrived at the point of attack the enemy had been repulsed and the lost ground regained. As soon as its services were no longer needed the division was ordered back. In the afternoon of the same day ait attack was made on the intrenched picket-line of the enemy, in front of the corps, which was carried and held, some 650 prisoners being cap- tured; not, however, without a desperate fight, in which the corps lost a considerable number of officers and men. March 27.Sharp picket-firing. At night the enemy regained one point of the line taken on the 25th. It was not thought advisable, how- ever, to make any strenuous exertions to retake it Page 101 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 101 March 28 to 31.Nothing unusual occurred; troops held in readiness to move at a moments notice. April 1.During the night the corps was massed near the Jones house, with a view of making au attack on the rebel works at daylight of 2d. April 2.Assaulted the rebel works at daylight. Carried them, cut. ting the rebel army in two, capturing numerous guns and prisoners; then moved in the direction of Hatchers Run, toward the left, carrying the entire line to that point, when, turning toward Petersburg, the lines were, before night, moved close np to the rebel works at that place, preparatory to an assault the next morning. Losses in the days operations, about 1,100 officers and men. April 3.The city having been evacuated during the night, its sur- render was received by our forces shortly after daylight of this day, and in a short time the corps was in l)ursuit of the retreating Army of Northern Virginia, and encamped at night at Mount Pleasant Church, near Sutherlands Station, about ten miles from Petersburg. April 4.Moved at 4 a. in. and encamped about two miles from Winti- comack Creek. April 5.Moved at 3 a. m. to near Jetersville Station and encamped. April 6.Moved at 6 a. ni. in line of battle toward Amelia Court- House; no enemy being found, proceeded, in the direction of Deatons- ville, to Sailors Creek. Here, the enemy disputing our advance, a severe engagement followed, in which the right wing of the rebel Army of Northern Virginia was annihilated, many prisoners being taken, among whom were Lieutenant-General Ewell and Major-General Custis Lee, C. S. Army. The Second Division was not engaged. Our losses in this battle were about 442 officers and men. April 7.Continued the pursuit of the enemy, encamping near Farm- ville. April 8.Marched to New Store and encamped. - April 9.Moved to Clover Hill, near Appoinattox Court-House, where the remnant of the once formidable Army of Northern Virginia was surrendered. April 10.Remained at Clover Hill. April 11.Moved in the direction of Burkeville, which was reached on the 13th. Remained encamped near Burkeville until 23d. April 23Moved to Keysville, in the direction of Danville. April 24.Marched from Keysville to Clarks Ferry, Staunton River. April 25.Marched from Clarks Ferry to Halifax Court-House. April 26.Marched from Halifax Court-House to Brooklyn. April 27.Marched from Brooklyn to Danville, which was surren- dered on that day, with numerous arms, projectiles, and machinery for manufacturing arms, locomotives, & c. Distance marched from Burke- ville to Danville (100 miles) was accomplished in four days and four hours. Total number of miles marched during the month, oVer 300. April27 to 30.Remained at Danville. May 1 to 1G.Remained encamped at Danville, Va. The First Divis- ion was stationed along the line of the railroad from Burkeville Junc- tion to Sutherlands Station, near Petersburg, and the Ninth New York Heavy Artillery, of the Second Brigade, Third Division, was placed on the line of the Richmond and Danville Railroad, between Danville and Burkeville Junction, one company at each station. May 1G.Broke camp and embarked on cars for Manchester. May 17 to 22.Troops arrived at Manchester and encamped near the town Page 102 102 N. AND ~E. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. tOHAP. INIIL May 24.Broke camp and took up line of march for Washington, being reviewed, in passing through Richmond, by Major-General Hal- leek. May 29.Reached Fredericksburg, Va. May 30 and 31.Continued the march in the direction of Washington. First Dirision. [February.]Remained in camp until the night of the 5th. ~e~ruary 5.Orders were received to move to Hatchers Run and report to General Humphreys, commanding Secoiid Corps. February 6, 7, and 8.The division participated in the engagements at Dabneys Mill. February 9.Returned to its old camp along the main line, where it has remained up to the present time. [March.]Remained in camp near the Petersburg and Weldon Railroad until the morning of the 25th. March 25.The division moved to the right to the support of the Ninth Corps, a part of the front of which had been taken by the enemy. When midway between Hancocks and Meades Stations, learned of the recovery of the captured work by our forces, at the same time re- ceived orders from the corps commander to reniove to the left, deploy and cover the front between Forts Howard and Fisher, an interval of two miles, while the Second Division demoiistrated opposite Fort Fisher. At 3 p. m. moved two brigades (the Second Brigade, Gen- eral J. E. Hamblin, and the Third Brigade, Col. 0. Edwards) to the support of the right of the Second Division. Advanced, capturing the enemys skirmish pits, with nearly 300 prisoners. Intrenched a new line beyond the one captured; picketed the same, and returned the command to camp at midnight. April 1.Moved the division from camp near the Weldon railroad and massed it outside of Fort Welch, on the left, at midnight on the right of the corps. April 2.4.30 a in., successfully assaulted, in conjunction with the balance of the corps, the enemys works, capturing 10 guns, 6 colors, and 1,000 prisoners. Participated with the corps in the other engage- ments of that day, which caused the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond. April 3.Moved west in pursuit of enemy, continuing the march until April 6, when the division was again successfully engaged at Little Sailors Creek with Ewells corps, capturing many colors and prisoners, including Generals Ewell and Custis Lee. April 7 to 9.Moved, via Farmvihle, Curdsvilhe, and New Store, toward Appomattox Court-House. After the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, returned, via Farmyille, to Burkeville and encamped. April 23.Moved, via Keysville and Halifax Court-House, to Danville, arriving there at 3 p. m. of April 27. During the month marched over 300 miles. May 1.Received orders to distribute the division from Danville north to Burkeville on the line of railroad, which were subsequently modified to read from Burkeville to Sutherlands, near Petersburg. This was accomplished by May 17First Brigade from Sutherlands west to Wilsons Station, on South Side Railroad; Third Brigade from Wil- sons Station to Nottoway Court-House, same railroad; Second Brigade from Kottoway Court-House to Burkeville, inclusive, same railroad Page 103 Ca~& i~. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 103 May 17.Commenced the movement of the division via Petersburg to Manchester, which was completed May 20. May 24.Marched second in order of the corps in review through Richmond before General Halleck. Commenced the march for Wash- ington, encamping at night near Hanover Court-House. May 25.Continued the march toward Washington, via Fredericks- burg, arriving at Wolf Run Shoals on the 31st. June 2.Arrived at Halls Hill, near Balls Cross-Roads, and encamped, and remained the balance of the month. June 30.By virtue of General Orders, No. 35, headquarters Army of the Potomac, June 20, the division was reorganized and embodied in the First Division, Provisional Corps. First Brigade, First Division. [February.]Since last return the brigade has been encamped in the same position near Petersburg, Va. [March.]Since last return the brigade remained in camp at Parkes Station, Va., until the 25th, when it moved down to the right to sup- port the Ninth Corpsthen engaged with the enemy. It was not engaged. In the afternoon moved down again to the left, near Fort Wadsworth, where it remained until midnight, when it moved back to its old camp. [April.]Since last return this brigade has been in all of the engage- ments in which the Sixth Corps has participated. Third Brigade, First Divisian. April 2.Charged the enemys works in front of Petersburg, suc- cessfully carrying them, with a loss of 196 killed and wounded. April 3.Invested the city, and then with the rest of the division pursued the enemy in the direction of Amelia Court-House. April 6.Engaged in the battle of Little Shilors Creek, routing the enemy at all points, losing 320 killed and wounded. April 7 to 9.Pursued the enemy toward Clover Hill, where the sur- render of Lees army was announced. April iLMarched to Burkeville Station, via Farmville, and encamped until the 23d. April 23.Marched to Danville, Va., passing through Keysville, Halifax Court-House, and Brooklyn, arriving there on the 27th, and remained in camp up to the last of the month. May 4.Moved from Danville, Va., to Wilsons Station, on the South Side 1~ailroad, and went into camp. May 18.Marched to Richmond, via Petersburg; thence to Washing- ton, via Hanover Court-House, Chesterfield Station, Fredericksburg, and Fairfax Station, and encamped at Balls Cross.Roads. Second Division. April 1.li p. m. the division left the camps occupied during last winter and massed in front of Fort Welch. April 2.4 a. m. charged and broke the enemys line and moved to within a mile of Petersburg. April 3.Marched fourteen miles and bivouacked on Whipponoek Creek. April 4.Marched twelve miles across Winticomack Creek Page 104 104 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. April 5.Marched sixteen miles to near Jetersyille Station. April 6.Marched to Sailors Creek. April 7.Marched fourteen miles to Farmyille. April 8.Marched ftfteen miles to New Store. April 9.Marched ten miles to Clover Hill, near Appomattox Court- House, where Lees army surrendered. April 11.Moved back to Farmyille. April 12.Moved to Bush Creek. April 13.Moved to Burkeville Junction. April 23.Moved twenty-two miles to Keysvilie. April 24.Moved twenty miles to Staunton River. April 25.Moved twenty miles to Laurel Grove. April 26.Moved twenty miles to Brooklyii. April 27.Moved seventeen miles to Danville, which town was sur- rendered to the commanding officer Third Brigade, Second Division, Sixth Corps. May 17.Commenced embarking for Richmond part of Second Bri- gade. May 18.Part of Second Brigade left. May 19.Balance of First and Second Brigades left. May 20.Third Brigade and division headquarters embarked. May 21.Arrived at Manchester, Va. May 24.Passed through Richmond and marched twenty-one miles to Hanover Court-House. May 25.Marched fifteen miles to Chesterfield Station. May 26.Marched about ten miles. May 29.Marched twenty-one miles to Fredericksburg. May 30.Marched sixteen miles to Oak Hill. May 31.Marched seventeen miles to Wolf Run Shoals. Third Divi8ion. February 5.The Second Brigade of this division was moved to that portion of the line formerly held by the First Division, Sixth Corps, which was sent to the left of the army. February 7.They were relieved in turn by the same troops, and then marched back to their original position. February 9.The Second Brigade was again moved at an early hour (in compliance with previous orders to extend the lines) in rear of the works occupied by the First Division, Second Army Corps, composing that portion of the line between Forts Fisher and Gregg, and which works they now occupy. During the remainder of the month no events of importance transpired. March 1 to 24.Nothing of importance occurred. March 25.The division was ordered under arms, and at 1 p. m. offen- sive operations were undertaken, which resulted in taking the rebel line of works held by their pickets. March 26, 27, and 28.Considerable skirmishing ensued. March 30 and 31.Received orders to be in readiness to move at a moments notice. Maj. Aaron Spangler, One hundred and tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, wounded March 25, 1865. No other casualties occurred among commissioned officers during the month. April 1.The command remained encamped near Patricks Station. April 2.~At 4 a. m. the division, with the corps, assaulted and car- ried the enemys works in its front, capturing six battle-flags and several pieces of artillery, besides many prisoners Page 105 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 105 April 3 to 5.Pursued the enemy in direction of Burkeville Junc- tion. April 6.Overtook and engaged a portion of the enemy at Sailors Creek, where a severe battle ensued, which resulted in the complete rout of the enemy and capture of General Ewell and his command. April 7 and 8.Continued the pursuit in direction of Lynchburg. April 9.After marching some twelve miles the command was halted, where i~ remained until the news was received of Lees surrender. April 11 to 13.Returned to Burkeville Junction and encamped in that vicinity. April 23.With the corps marched in direction of Danville, Va. April 27.Arrived at Danville and encamped southwest of the city. April 28 to 30.Remained in camp. May 16.Under orders the division broke camp near iDanville, Va., and embarked on cars for Manchester. May 17.Arrived at Manchester and encamped near the town. May 24.Broke camp and took up line of march for Washington, being reviewed in passing through Richmond by Major.General Hal- leek. May 29.Reached Fredericksburg, Va. May 30 and 31.Continued the march in direction of Washington. June 1.Reached Fairfax Court-House. June 2.Marched to Baileys Cross-Roads and went into camp, remaining there up to date [June 30]. First Brigade, Third Division. [February.]Nothing of importance to relate during the month. The headquarters a~d troops occupy the same position as when the last report was forwarded, viz, in front of Petersburg, Va., near War- rens Station, Weldon railroad. April 2.In the morning this brigade was placed in position, in three lines of battle, on the extreme left of the Sixth Corps, in front of Fort Welch, and distant from the enemys picket-line about 150 yards. At 4.30 a. in. the entire corps charged the enemys works and succeeded in carrying them. This brigade, on entering the works, wheeled to the left and charged down the enemys lines to~vard Hatchers Run, driv- ing and capturing all before it. We captured 14 cannon, caissons, & c., and about 1,100 prisoners. We succeeded in reaching the South Side Railroad and held our position. This movement compelled the evacu- ation of Petersburg, and during the night the last of the army had left. TI e enemy were rapidly and closely pursued, and were met again near iDe tousville, at Sailors Creek. This brigade was again engaged, and, after a severe fight, succeeded in capturing iiearly the entire force. The next morning [April 7] continued the pursuit and followed the enemy closely to near Clover Hill, where, on the afternoon of April 9, General Lee surrendered the entire Army of Northern Virginia. April 11.In the morning we commenced retracing our steps for Burkeville Junction, which place we reached on the afternoon of the 13th. Here we went into camp and remained until the 23d. April 23.We marched for Danville. April 27.This place [I)anville] we reached about midday, when we went into camp, and where we are at the present time I April 30] Page 106 106 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LYlIL & cond Brigade, Third Division. February 1 to 4.Troops of this command were encamped near War- rens Station, Va. February 5.The First Divisioii, Sixth Army Corps, being absent on a reconnaissance, this brigade was directed to occupy the works formerly held by First Division, extending from Battery 24 to Fort Wadsworth, which was done. U February 7.The First Division having returned from the reconnais- sance, this brigade resumed its original position near Fort Keene. February 9.In obedience to orders received, the troops of this bri- gade broke camp and marched about one mile and a half to the left, and took position in the line of works previously occupied by First Division, Second Army Corps. February 10 to 28.No events of importance transpired worthy narration. March 1 to 2.5.The brigade remained encamped near Patricks Sta- tion. March 25.Early in the morning the enemy attacked the right of the line of works held by the Army of the Potomac and gained a temporary advantage. This command was immediately ordered under arms and preparations were made for offensiye movements. At 1 p. m. the One hundred and tenth and One hundred and twenty-second Ohio Volun- teers were detached from the brigade and ordered to charge the enemys picket-line, which they did in gallant style; but the nature of the ground being unfavorable for the maneuvering of troops, and the enemy being in considerable force, our troops were compelled to fall back. At 4p.m. the brigade advanced, under a heavy fire of artillery and musketry, and succeeded in carrying the line of works held b the enemys picket-line. Skirmishing was kept up until night. y March 26.Slight skirmishing. March 27.Heavy skirmishing. March 28 to 30.Picket-firing kept up almost constantly. March 31.Received orders to be in readiness to move, which were afterward countermanded. April 2.This brigade took an active part in breaking the lines of the enemy in front of Petersburg. April 3 to 5.The enemy having retreated toward Lynchburg, this command, in conjuiiction with the rest of tjiie army, participated in the pursuit of the rebels. April 6.This brigade was actively engaged with the enemy near Sailors Creek about 4p. in., resulting in the complete rout of the enemy. April 9.The news of Lees surrender was received with much rejoic- ing by the troops of this command. April11 to 13.Marched from the scene of Lees surrender to Burke. yule, where the troops encamped. April 23.Broke camp and took up the line of march with the divis- ion and corps in the direction of Danville. April 27.After nearly five days of hard marching, this command arrived at Danville, Va., and encamped near the city. Artillery Brigade. April 2.Engagement in front of Petersburg. April 3 to 6.Pursued the enemy by the river route. April 6.Action at Sailors Creek. April 7 to 9.Marched in pursuit of the enemy till near Clover Hill, Va., where Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia Page 107 CHAP. LVIII.] 107 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. April11 to 13.Returned to Burkeville Junction, via Farmyille, where we encamped until morning of 23d. April 23.Marched in (lirection of Danville. April 27.Arrived at Danville, Va. NINTH ARMY CORPS. [January.]The troops occupy same positiou as at date of last return, and no movement has taken place during the mouth. I February.]There has been, no movement of the corps during the mouth except the Third Division. February 5.Third Division moved to the left near Hatchers Run, where it remained nuder the orders of Major-General Humphreys until the evening of the 10th. February 10.It was relieved and returned to its former camp. March 1 to 25.Nothing unusual occurred along the lines of the corps. March 25.In the morning the enemy made a desperate assault on Fort Stedman, in front of the lines of the First Division, and succeeded, after determined resistance on the part of the garrison, in gaiuiug tem- porary possession of it. The lines were firmly held on either side of the fort until the Third Division, Brevet Major-General llartranft com- manduig, came up, when a charge was made by his division and a por- tion of the First Division, which soon resulted in the recapture of the fort and the capture of a large number of prisoners, besides inflicting upon the enemy a severe loss in killed and wounded while being driven back to his works. Our loss was comparatively small. Everything remained as usual during the remainder of the month, with the exception of more continued artillery firing. April 1.Corps occupied the trenches before Petersburg, Va. April 2.Engaged in the general assault upon the enemy, principally upon the works in front of Fort Sedgwick. April 3.Marched through Petersburg in pursuit of Lees retreating army, excepting First Division, which was left to guard the South Side Railroad from Petersburg to Blacks and Whites Station, extending to the latter place. April 15.The Second Brigade, Second Division, moved as far as Burkeville, and the First Brigade to Farmville. The Third Division remained at Nottoway Court-House, which place it reached on the 8th. April 20.Corps ordered to Washington, D. C., and started at once for City Point for embarkation. April 2-1.The First Division arrived at Alexandria, Va. April 25.The Third Division arrived. April 26.The Second Division arrived. The First Division moved through Washington and encamped near Tennallytown, D. C. First Division. March 1.This command occupied the trenches on the right of the Army of the Potomacits right resting on the Appomattox River, its left extending nearly to Fort Rice, on the left of Baxter road. It gar- risoned on its front eight inclosed works, batteries, and the curtains between. There was also a picket on the Appomattox, extending down the river three miles. There was no movemeiit or change of troops on this front, or anything beyond the usual routine of garrison duty and the fire of artillery and musketry, from which some casualties resulted, until the morning of the 25th Page 108 108 N. AND SE. VA ., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIIL March 25.At 4.15 a. m. the enemy assaulted our center in front of Fort Stedman, which they carried, after a stubborn resistance on the part of the garrison. The division temporarily lost possession of one inclosed work and a battery, but holding the rest of its lines steadily, at first were entirely occupied in repelling the repeated attacks of the enemy ou other points, and finally, assuming the offensive, with the help of the Third Division, Ninth Army Corps, pressed the enemy and recap- tured the works they had lost at 8.30 a. m. without loss of a gun or color. Our capture amounted to 1,005 officers and men prisoners, and 7 stand of colors; our losses, 648 officers and men. The lines were instantly re-established, the Third Division (General Hartranft) occupy. ing Fort Stedman. March 26.One-half of llartranfts troops relieved. March 27.The Eighteenth New Hampshire Volunteers assigned and were put on the line, relieving the rest of Hartranfts command. March 29.Enemy opened with their artillery and musketry with the utmost rapidity at 10.15 p. m. Firing was kept up until 1.15 [a. in.] March 30. Two attempts were made on the part of the enemy to form for a charge, but their line was broken up by our artillery and musketry. Some temporary movements of the troops of this division occurred dur- ing this disturbance, to meet threatened points. March 31.Preparations carried out to assault the enemys wQrks in the Iporning, if opportnnity offered. April 1.Division in the trenches before P~tersburg, extending from the Appoinattox to Norfolk railroad (two miles), and picketing the river; under marching orders. During the night demonstrations made upon enemys lines. April 2.General assault on enemys works in front of Petersburg; First Brigade massed in front of Fort Sedgwick, reporting to General llartranft; Second and Third Brigades, with Fifty-first Pennsylv~uiia, of First Brigade, making demonstrations at 4 a. in. along the whole division line; fighting throughout the day. April 3.Division enters Petersburg; city authorities surrender to Colonel Ely, commanding Second Brigade, and his flags are first of all the army raised in the city. April 5.Division marches to Sutherlands Station, on South Side Railroad, guarding railroad to Cox road. April 6.Division extended to Wilsons Station. April 13.Moved to WeIlville. April 15.Moved to Blacks and Whites and began throwing up works at Fords, Wilsons, and Blacks and Whites Stations. April 20.Marched for City Point to embark for Washington. April 22, 23, and 24.Disembarked at Alexandria; encamped at Fowles farm. April 26.Marched through Washington and encamped near Tennally- town, D. C. [MayjDivision encamped near Tennallytown, D. C. Detached regiments on guard duty in Washington, D. C. First Brigade, First Division. [Januar~.]The regiments of this brigade have not changed their positions in the trenches in front of Petersburg, Va. The troops have been engaged in picket and trench guard duty, repairing picket.line and covered ways Page 109 C~. LVIII.] 109 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. FMarchiThe regiments have not changed their position in the trenches in front of Petersburg. March 25.In the morning the enemy attacked that portion of the line occupied by the Third Brigade. As soon as the nature of the move was ascertained two regiments of this brigade (Thirty-seventh Wiscon- sin and One hundred and ninth New York Volunteers), lying in reserve in rear of Fort Morton, were ordered to take up their line in the right of this brigade, in order to repulse the enemy should they turn the flank of the Third Brigade, but were finally driven back and the line reoccu- pied. The troop& have been engaged in picket and trench guard duty, repairing picket-line and covered way. April 1.In the night a demoin4ration was made on the rebel lines, in front of the position occupied by this brigade, in front of Petersburg, Va. The rebels were fonnd in force, and no determined attack was made. April 2.Before daybreak the whole brigade, with the exception of the Fiftyfirst Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, which was ordered to hold the line occnpied by the brigade, made an assault on the work of the enemy to the right of Fort Sedgwick. Their line was carried with great gallantry, five pieces of artillery were captnred, also the entire garrison of Fort Mahonesome 400 officers and enlisted men. The lines were held during the day and night. April 3.At an early hour in the morning the brigade entered Peters- burg, the city being evacuated by the enemy during the night. The loss from the brigade was 25 killed, 150 wounded, and 7 missing. April 5.Took up line of march along the South Side Railroad, marching to within two miles of Blacks and Whites Station, arriving there on the 9th instant, where the brigade remained engaged in guard- ing railroad, doing camp and guard duty, and throwing up inclosed works at the station. April 20.In the morning the brigade took up its line of march to City Point, arriving at that place on the morning of the 22d; embarked immediately on transports for Washington. April 24.In the morning arrived at Alexandria, Va. The brigade went into camp about three miles from the city. April 26.In the morning the brigade took up the line of march for Washington, arriving at 4 p. ni., and encamping at Tennallytown, about four miles from the city, where the troops still [April 30] remain. Second Brigade, First Division. [March.]The command has remained in camp at its old position, in front of Petersburg, Va., near the Appomattox. - March 25.The line of the Third Brigade of this division was car- ried by the enemy, and the works known as Battery No. 10 and Fort Stedman captured. They also assaulted Battery No. 9 (garrisoned by troops of this brigade), but were seveicly repulsed after a brisk battle of about three hours. The enemy withdrew in haste to his own line of works, having been severely punished for his temerity. In this engage- ment the brigade captured 16 rebel commissioned officers and 316 men, rank and file. The action commenced at about 4 a. m. March 29.Late at night there was brisk artillery and musketry fir- ing on the line, whifh continued till nearly morning of the 30th. There was no advance made by either party, however, and the only result was a few casualties Page 110 110 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. tCa& p. LYIIL April.The brigade was actively engaged in the battles resulting in the capture of Richmond and Petersburg, Va. April 3.The brigade was the first to occupy Petersburg in the morn- ing. The flag of the First Michigan Sharpshooters was unfurled on the court-house dome at 4.28 a. in., and was the first Federal flag hoisted in the city. April 5.The command left Petersburg, and until April20 were occu- pied in picketing the South Side Railroad, guarding private property, & c., with headquarters established seventeen miles from Petersburg, on the aforesaid railroad. April 20.Were ordered to proceed via City Point and transports to Washington, 1). C. April 23.Arrived at latter place. & cond Division. [March.]No change has taken place in the position of this division since last report. April 1 and 2.Engaged with the enemy before Petersburg. April 3.Followed the enemys retreat through Petersburg along the line of South Side Railroad. April 8.Reached Burkeville Junction. The First Brigade was advanced to Farinville, remaining at that point until all U. S. forces had been withdrawn across the Appomattox to the vicinity of Burkeville. April 21.Commenced move to Washington, via City Point. April 26.Reached and encamped near Alexandria, Va., where the division is now stationed. [May.]No change has taken place in the position of this division since last monthly return. First Brigade, & cond Division. [January.]En gaged in siege operations before Petersburg, Va. April 2.Engaged with the enemy, and, with the Second Brigade of this division, assaulted and carried Fort Mahone, before Petersburg, Va. April 3.Passed through Petersburg, Va., and encamped ten miles from this place; proceeded as guards for wagon trains and prisoners ot war. April 10.Arrived in Farinville, Va., at which place the brigade did guard and provost duty. April 20.Left this place en ronte for Alexandria, Va. April 24.Arrived at City Point, Va.; embarked on the eve of April 26. April 28.Arrived at Alexandria, Va., and went into camp about one mile from town, near Fort Lyon. Third Division. Febrnary 1 to 5.Remained in camp as reserves to the First and Second Divisions, Ninth Army Corps, from Appomuattox to Fort Howard. February 5.The division was moved fo the left to the vicinity of Hatchers Run, where it remaiiied under the orders of Major-General llumphreys, commanding Second Army Corps, until the evening of the 10th Page 111 CRAP. LVILI.J THE tHCHMOND CAMPAIGN. ill February 10.It was relieved and returned to camp, where it still remains. During the month large fatigue details have beeii kept at work repairing the works and defenses on rear line, and mnch attention has been given to the drill and discipline of the command. [March.]During the month this division remained in its old position in support of the line held by the troops of the First and Second Divis- ions ot the Ninth Army Corps. March 14 to 20.The whole command was engaged in constructing a new rear line of works, cutting and putting up abatis, & c., from Fort Prescott to Fort Bross. Large fatigue details were also kept at work during the month repairing the inclosed works on the rear line of defense. March 25.Every regiment in this division took part in the success- ful repulse of the enemy at Fort Stedman and Batteries 11 and 12. The loss in the command in killed and wounded was 259. April 1.At night this division was under arms preparing for the grand attack, which was made before daylight on the morning of the 2d on Fort Mahone, one of the strongest works of the defenses of Petersburg. April 3.The division marched through the city of Petersburg and encamped about five miles from the town. April 4 to 8.The pursuit of Lee was prosecuted, and this division performed rear-guard duty, marching toward Burkeville by the South Side Railroad. April 8.Encamped at Kottoway Court-House, and remained until the 20th. April 20.We were ordered to City Point. We marched in the morning and encamped at Weilville. April 21.At night headquarters were established at Five Forks. April 22.Arrived at Petersburg. April 23.Reached City Point and immediately embarked in trans- ports for Alexandria. April 25.Arrived there and encamped about two miles from the city. May 1.In camp near Alexandria, Va., and remained during the month. May 30 and 31.The Two hundredth, Two hundred and fifth, Two hundred and seventh, Two hundred and eighth, Two hundred and ninth, and Two hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers were mustered out of service under the provisions of Special Orders, No. 22, headquarters District of Alexandria and Ninth Army Corps, based on War Department telegrams of May 17 auid 18, 1865. First Brigade, Third Division. March 1 to 25.Remained in camp as reserves to the First and Second Divisions, Ninth Army Corps, from the Appomattox to Fort Howard. During this time large fatigue details have been kept at work repairing Fort Bross and the defenses on the rear line. March 25.At 4.30 a. m. the enemy advanced and captured Fort Stedman and the adjacent batteries. The brigade was marched for- ward to support the First Division, Ninth Army Corps. The move- ments of the Two hundredth and Two hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers were personally directed by General Hartranft. Thes Page 112 112 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYILL regiments were stationed on the right of the line, in front of the camp of the Two hundredth Pennsylvania Volunteers. The Two hundredth and eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers went into position near Fort Has- kell. The regiments charged oii Fort Stedman and the batteries (now in possession of the enemy), in connection with the Second Brigade, assisting to recapture Fort Stedman and batteries, with a loss of 2 officers and 16 men killed, 14 officers and 190 men wounded. The bri- gade returned to camp, where it still remains. [April.]Detailed reports of the part taken by this brigade in the capture of parts of the enemys works in front of Petersburg on April 1 and 2, with lists of casualties, have already beeii forwarded. April 3.Before daylight the brigade passed over the fortifications in columns of regiments and entered the city. On the same day, after returning to camp, the troops took up the line of march along the Burke ville road and acted as a guard for the South Side Railroad and wagor trains, making short marches aiid placing pickets successively on the~ different parts of the road as the column advanced. April 9.Reached Nottoway Court-House, where we remained until the 20th. April 20.Orders were received for the Ninth Army Corps to go to City Point. April24 and 25.The brigade embarked on transports for Washing- ton, but was landed at Alexandria, Va., and has remained near the city last named until the present time. & cond Brigade, Third Division. February 5.The brigade moved to the left of the line for the pur- pose of aiding in the endeavor to extei~d the line. Reached its destina- tion at 10 p. m. of the 5th, aud at once threw up a strong breast-work in its front. February 6, 7, 8, and 9.The troops of the brigade were engaged in felling timber, con structitig corduroy roads, bridges, & c. February 10.Returned to camp during the night, Since that time no movement of any importance has occurred. [March.]Nothing worthy of mention occurred until the 14th. March 14.The brigade was ordered to throw up a rear line of works, extending from Fort Prescott to a point about one mile in rear of the fort- this occupied three days. March 25.The brigade was engaged in the battle at Fort Stedman and in a charge on that work, which was occupied by the enemy; retook it, capturing about 850 prisoners, 3 battle-flags, and between 200 and 300 stand of small-arms. The entire loss iii the brigade was 2 enlisted men killed, 2 commissioned officers, and 34 enlisted men wounded. April 2.Jn the morning the brigade charged the enemys works in front of Fort Stedman; captured them and held them nutil the morning of the 3d. April 3.The emmemy having retreated, the brigade went into Peters- burg. Making short marches each day, the brigade reached Burkeville Station about the 16th. After doing all kinds of duty there for six days it was ordered to Nottoway Court-House, and from there to City Point. From the latter place the brigade came by water to Alexandria, Va., its present camp, arriving here about the 26th Page 113 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 113 CAVALRY CORPS. Second Dirision. January 1.Thirteenth Ohio Cavalry assigned to Third Brigade. Nothing unusual occurred during the month. Drill daily, and scout- ing parties sent out every day. The command pickets from Jerusalem plank road to James River on left and rear of the army. February 1, 2, 3, and 4.Quiet. February 5.The division moved out at 3 a. in. to iDinwiddie Court- House without finding the enemy in any considerable force. February 6.Formed junction with infantry on right at Gravelly Run. Engaged the enemy and drove them across the run and held the position. February 7.Engaged in skirmishing all day successfully. February 8.Returned to camp. Received Order No. 57, War De- partment, accepting resignation of Brevet Major-General Gregg. February 9.General Gregg relieved of command. February 10.General Gregg left the command, and Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. I. Gregg assumed command. February 11 to 20.Quiet. February 21.Division received orders to move out at 3 p. in.; 6 p. in., rel)orted at headquarters Army of the Potomac; 8 p. in., returned to camp. February 22.Quiet. February 23.Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry relieved from duty with this division, per Special Orders, No. 51, Army of the Potomac. February 24.-Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry transferred from Third to Second Brigade of this division. Brigadier-General Davies returned from leave and assumed command of division. February 25 to 28.Quiet, nothimig worthy of note occurring. March 1.Division encamped near Petersburg, Brig. Gen. II. E. Davies commanding; Col. H. H. Janeway commanding First Brigade, Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. I. Gregg commanding Second Brigade, and Bvt. Brig. Gen. C. H. Smith commanding Third Brigade. March 2 to 26.Quiet, nothing unusual occurring. March 27.General Crook assumed command of the division; as- signed by Special Orders No. 78, March 27, headquarters Army of the Potomac. March 28.Quiet. March 29.At 6 a.. m. the division moved out with First and Third Divisions, under Major-General Sheridan, to Dinwiddie Court-House. Miarch 30.In camp at Dinwiddie Court-House. March 31.The division moved out at an early hour and engaged the enemy, driving him back. The engagement continued until about 6 p. in., when we fell back to the Court-House, having been without ammunition for some time. First Brigade, Second Division. [January.]During the month the brigade has been in camp at Westbrooks house, Va., one mile west of McCanns Station, on the Petersburg and Norfolk Railroad, and engaged in l)icket and scouting duty. [Marcb.]Nothing of interest occurred worthy of notice during the month, the brigade being engaged iii its usual picket and scouting duty 8 R UVOL XLVI, PT Page 114 114 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIIL until the 29th a. in., when the brigade broke camp, taking up its line of march, in the center of the division, en route for Dinwiddie Court- House, Va., via ~eams Station, Weldon railroad, arriving at that point early in the p. in., encamping for the night near this point. March 30.P. m. moved to the left, encamping in a field near Cham- berlains Creek, standing ready for action, though not called on. March 31.P. m. were heavily engaged with the enemy near Cham- berlains Creek, and after a severely contested struggle the command was compelled to fall back to the groumids near the point occupied on the night of the 29th, where the command was reformed and encamped near this point for the night. [April.~The brigade has beemi in active duty all the month and took an active part in the evacuation of Petersburg and iRiclimond, Va., and the surrender of General Robert E. Lee to General U. S. Grant. April 5.The brigade made a reconnaissance in the enemys rear, striking their wagon train near Paiimeville Cross-Roads, capturing 320 white prisoners, 310 colored teamsters, 11 battle-flags, 5 pieces of artillery and teams, and 1 caisson, 310 mules; also burning over 200 headquarters ammunition and ambulance wagons an d cal ssomms. April 6.In the engagement of that day the command captured 750 prisoners of war, 2 battle-flags, and 2 guns. Was present with the corps in the march to South Boston, Va., and return to Petersburg, Va. Second Brigade, Second Division. May 1.The command moved from Moseleys Ferry on the Stauntou River, and returned to Petersburg and went into camp, where it remained until the 9th instant, when it marched to Lynchburg, via Burkeville, & c. May 15.Reached Lynchburg. The command has since been on duty in Lynchburg and the counties of Nelson, Amherst, Appomattox, Campbell, Bedford, comprising the military Sub-District of Lynchbnrg, Va. SECOND PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. January LOne battalion, which was on picket on Quaker road, returmied to camp. January 2, 3, 4, and 5.In camp. Forage scarce. January 6.One battalion of regiment went on scout on Quaker and Norfolk roads; returned in evening of same day. January 7, 8, and 9.In camp. January 10.Went on picket on Quaker road. January 11 and 12.On picket. January 13.Returned from picket. January 14.In camp. Forage still scarce. January 15.Immspected by Brevet Brigadier-General Gregg, at 11.30 a. nm. January 16.Detachment of two officers and seventy-six men went on picket. January 17 and 18.Remainder of regiment in camp. Camp guard doubled, with a view to prevent stealing and other depredations. January 19.Detachment of two officers and seventy-six men returned from picket. January 20, 21, and 22,.-In camp, engaged iu building troughs for horses Page 115 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 115 January 23 and 24.Engaged in fencing camp. January 25.One commissioned officer and six enlisted men went on recruiting service. January 26 and 27.In camp. January 28.Regiment went on picket, with exception of one coin- pany and pioneers. January 29 and 30.On picket. January 31.Return to camp. Receive a larger supply of forage. February 1 and 2.Regiment in camp. February 3.A detail of two commissioned [officers] and sixty-seven men went on picket; remainder of regimeiit in camp, preparing for inspection. February 4.Regiment inspected by brigade commander, 1.30 p. in., mounted regiment received orders to be in readiness to march. February 5.Regiment marched at 1.30 a. in.; dismounted men remain- ing in camp. Moved toward left, passing by Reams Station at day- break. Encountered the enemy at 10 a. m. at Rowanty Creek. Charged them mounted, and, in coin pany with Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, drove them from their works. Lost in the skirumish as follows: 1 killed, 2 wounded, 1 missing. Regiment was out beyond Dinwiddie Court- House. February 6.Regiment detailed a guard for wagon train. February 7 and 8.Still at the front. February 9.Regiment returned to camp. February 10 to 15.In camp. February 16, 17, and 18.Regiment on picket. February 19.Returned to camp. February 20.Inspected by Captain Heslop, acting brigade inspector. February 21.In camp. February 22.Started from camp late in the evening; supposed to be going on raid. Returned to await further orders. February 23,21, and 25.Regiment in camp. Received forty recruits from depot. February 26.Received ninety recruits from depot. February 27.Went on picket. FOURTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. January.T)uring the month the regiment was on picket twice, and during the month did nothing but picket duty. February 5, 6, and 7.Regiment took part in the engagement at Hatchers Run. Loss, 1 officer [and] 28 men killed, wounded, and missing. ]tiarch.During the month tIme regiment was on l)icket twice and made two scouts. March 29.Broke camp on Jerusalem plank road. March 31.Participated in the engagement at Dinwiddie Court- House. [Apm-il.]Engaged in battles of Paines Cross-Roads, Amelia Springs, Sailors Creek, Farmville, and Appomattox Court-House. EIGHTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. January 1 to 6.In camp. January 7.Went on picket on Lees Mill road. Ja~nuary 8 ~d 9,On picket Page 116 116 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. January 10.Relieved from picket. Counnenced changing camp to a better locality. January 10 to 21.Preparing new camp for the reception of the regi- ment. January 22.Regiment inspected by brigade inspector and Major Starr, acting assistant inspector-general, Army of the Potomac. January 25.One commissioiied officer and six enlisted men left for Harrisburg on recruiting service. Regiment went on picket. January 26 and 27.On 1)icket. January 28. Relieved, and returned to camp. January 27 to 29.In camp. January 29.Brigade reviewed by Brevet Brigadier-General Gregg, commanding. January 30 and 31.In camp. February 4.Command receive(l orders to move at 3 a. m. February 5.Regiment moved from camp, taking the l)lank road to Garys Church; thence, via Woods Shops, to Reams Station. Crossed Rowanty Creek. The regiment then took the advance and charged into Dinwiddie Court-House, capturing 9 wagons and 50 team mules with 10 prisoners. Moved back to Rowanty Creek and camped. February 6.At 1 a. m. regiment moved out on the advance, march- ing on the old stage road to the Quaker road; thence back toward Hatchers Run. The regiment was engage(l (lismounted, and in to the left, charging the enemy, driving himn toward Gravelly Run. February 7.Command remained standing to horse all day. February 8.Moved to Yellow House, then went on l)icket; was relieved 9 p. m. February 9.Command moved back to camp. Remainder of mouth the regiment has been iii camp perforuming picket duty, & c. March 1 to 5.In camp. March 6.Went on picket. March 9.Relieved from picket and returned to camp. March 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.hi camp. Drill morning and evening. March 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20.In camp. March 21.Went on picket. March 23.Relieved and returned to camp. March 24 [25].Enemy made heavy attack in front of Petersburg; were repulsed. March 25, 26, 27, and 28.In camp, preparing to move under march- ing orders. March 29.Left camp 5 a. in. and marched to Rowanty Creek. Built bridge and crossed over. Advanced to Dinwiddie Court-House and camped. March 30.Remained in camp. March 31.Left camp and advanced to support of Third and First Brigades. Hard fighting all day. Retired at night to Dinwiddie Court- House and camped for night. Loss heavy. April 1.Command moved from Dinwiddie Court-House; attacked and drove the enemy. April 2.Command moved at 1 a. m. to South Side Railroad and went into camp. April 3.Marched to McKenzies Creek and bivouacked. April 4.On to the Danville railroad and bivouacked near Jeters. ville. April 5.Attacked the enemy, but was repulsed Page 117 Cxip. LVIII.i THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 117 April 6.Moved to Sailors Creek; attacked and drove the enemy. April 7.Moved to Farmville; crossed Appomattox River; attacked the enemy. iRecrossed and moved to Prospect Station and bivouacked. April 8.Moved toward Lynchburg. Itegimenton picket; bivouacked near Appomattox Station. April 9.Moved toward Lynchburg and attacked the enemy. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia. Command bivouacked. near Appomattox Court-House. April 10.Command moved toward Burkeville and bivouacked. April 11.Command moved to Burkeville; camped. April 12.In camp. April 13.Moved to Nottoway Court-House; camped. April 17.Moved toward Petersburg; camped near Wilsons Station. April 18.Moved to Petersburg and camped. April 19 to 24.In camp. April 24.Moved to Nottoway River and bivouacked. April 25.Moved to Rohoick Creek. April 26.Moved to near Boydton and camped. April 27.Moved through Boydton; crossed Staunton River and bivouacked. April 28.Moved to South Boston; crossed Dan River and biv- ouacked. April 29.Moved back to Staunton River; crossed at Moseleys Ferry and bivouacked. April 30.Moved at 12 in.; crossed branch of Melierrin Riv3r and bivouacked. THIRTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. January 1.Went on picket east of Norfolk railroad. ~January 4.Relieved and return d to camp. January 19.Went on picket east of Norfolk railroad. January 22.Relieved and returned to camp. January 31.In camp. SIXTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. January 1 to 8.In camp, performing various camp duties. Regular Sunday inspection on 1st and 8th. January 9.Regiment went foraging about half a mile south of Dis- putanta Station. Va., in compliance with circuh~r order from headquar- ters Second Cavalry Division, dated January 7, 1805. The rear guard was fired into by guerrillas, killing 2 men and wounding 3. Returned same p. m. January 10, 11, and 12.In camp. January 13.Three hundred men and fifteen officers went on picket. January 14 and 15.Oti l)icket. January 15.Three officers and eighty-one men went on picket. Three hundred men and fifteen officers returned from picket. January 17.Monthly iii spection. January 18.Three officers and eighty-one men returned from picket. January 19 to 28.hi camp, performing usual duties. January 29.Brigade reviewed by Brevet Brigadier-General Gregg, commanding. January 30.In camp Page 118 118 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP.LVTU. January 31.Fifteen officers and 300 men went on picket. Two drills a day have been had whenever the weather would permit. February 1 and 2.On picket. February 3.Relieved from picket. February 4.Received marching orders. February 5.Marched with division to Dinwiddie Court-House, via Reams Station. Crossed hatchers Run at Malones Bridge. Sur- prised and captured a wagon train and a small squad of l)risoHers on Boydton plank road. Conntermarched and returned to near Malones Bridge; camped at 11 p. m. February 6.Took up line of march 2 a. in.; marched to Gravelly Run. Formed line of battle. Brisk skirmish commenced 10 a. in. Regi- ment not engaged till 2 p. in. Relieved at dark and camped. February 7.In line of battle from morning till night. February 8.Moved by way of Yellow Tavern to Reams Station. Picketed the Reams Station and Diiiwiddie roads. Relieved 9 p. in.; camped near Yellow Tavern. February 9.Returned to camp. February 10 to 18.In camp. February 19, 20, and 21.On picket. February 22.Returm ied to camp. February 23 to 28.In camp. Aliarch.In winter quarters during the month up to 28th. Guard mounting, dress parade, and drill kept up as regular as practicable. March 29.Broke camp. March 31.Participated in engagement at l)inwi (ldie Court-I-louse, Va. April 1.In action near Cat Tail Creek, Va., amid marched to within two miles of Boydton plank road. April 2.Marched to near Sutherlands Station, via Fords Station. April 3.Marched to Namozimme Creek. April 4.Marched, via Amelia Court-House, to J etersville. April 5.In action at Amelia Springs. April G.I~~ action near Sailors Creek. April 7.In action near Farmville; p. in. inam-ched to Prospect Sta- tiomi. April 8.Marched to near Appomattox Station. April 9.In action near Apponiattox Conit-Ilonse. April 10.Marched to Prospect Station. April 11.Marched to Sandy River via Pdimce Edward Court-House. April 12.Marched to Burkeville Junction. April 13.Marched to Nottoway Court-House. April 14, 15, and 16.In camp. April 17.Marched to near Fords Station. April 18.Marched to Petersbumg. April 19 to 23.In camp. April 24.Marched to l)imm widdie Conit-Ilonse. April 2-5.Marched to within twenty-eight mniles of Boydton, on Boydton plank road. April 26.Marched to within one mile amm(l a half of Boydton. April 27.Marched to and crossed Staunton River at Russells Ferry. April 28.Marched to South Boston- crossed Dan River. April 29.Marched to and crossed Stauntoim River at Moseleys Ferry. April 30.Marched to ammd crosse(l time Meherrin River. Camped on Lynchburg Court-House road Page 119 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 119 TWENTY-FIRST PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. February 6, 6, and 7.IRegiment partiCipate(l in a move on the left at Hatchers iRun. February 8.Returned to camp; casualties, 2 men wounded. February 25.Regiment was transferred from Third Brigade to Sec- ond Brigade per Special Orders, No. 40, paragraph Y, dated February 25, li eadquarters Second Division, Cavalry Corps. March 29.Regiment broke camp in front of Petersburg, Va.; was engaged in skirmish at Dinwiddie Court-House, Va.; then moved to Malones Bridge, Stony Creek, to picket till April 1. April 1.Regiment crossed Stony Creek, Va., near l)inwiddie Court- House. April 5.Was engaged in battle at Amelia Springs, Va. April 7.Engaged in battle at Farmville. April 9.Engaged in battle at Appomattox CourtHouse. Third Brigade, Second Dirision. ~January.]The brigade has not been in any action during the month; has been doing picket duty most of the time. January 2.The Thirteenth Regiment Ohio Cavalry joined this brigade. February 5, 6, and 7.Time brigade participated in the engagement at Hatchers Run. The remainder of the month was spent in the usual picket duty. The Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry was transferred to Second Brigade per Special Orders, No. 40, extract 5, headquarters Second Cavalry Division. March 1.Lying in camp on the Jerusalem plank road until the 21st. March 21.Reported to General Parke; was relieved, and went into camp again the 27th. March 29.Broke camp and marched to Dinwiddie Court-house. March 30.Rainedhard all day; lay iii camp. March 31.Pickets drivemi in; brigade moved out and (irove the enemy back amid held the ground until toward night, when the enemy charged in force aiid drove the brigade back from its position. Casual- ties, 230. April 1 and 2.Brigade ~ou picket near Dimiwiddie Court-Ilouse. Afternoon of 2d instant moved near Sutherlands Station. April 3 and 4.Brigade marched toward the Richmond and Danville Railroad,via Denmmisvillc, time 01(1 Court-I-louse, amid Jennings Ordinary, where we halted for two Imours; thence to Jetersville, where we found traces of the enemy. Dismounted a part of the brigade and remained in position until dark. April 5.Supported the First and Second Brigades, and part of the command being engaged, dismounted, with the enemny at Amelia Springs. April 6.Marched parallel to and in sight of Lees train until about 11 a. m. A part of the brigade was ordered to charge the train. Tue charge was pressed vigorously forward through almost i mli])cnetrable woods and thickets. Found the enemy so strong at that point that it was impossible to reach the train. Later in time day secured aimothier positiomi on Lees lank aimd charged him, mnounte(l and dismounted. Succeeded in breaking his lines, capturing general officers, muany pris- oners, wagons, & c Page 120 120 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. April 7.On the road at 6.30 a. ni. Marched rapi(lly, overtook the rear of the enemys retreating coimnil at Briery Creek. Dismounted a portion of the brigade and drove them from the creek, making a cross- lug for the rest of the command, skirinishing during the day and press- ing the enemy back rapidly to Farmville, where they were charged and driven in confusion back from the city, capturing a large number of l)risoners. In the afternoon crossed the Appomattox. Remained in position supporting battery. At night recrossed the river; marched rapidly to Prospect Station, reaching it at 2 oclock next morning. April 8.Marched to Appomattox Station; bivouacked at 8 p. m. At 9 p. m. ordered to advance to Appomattox Court-House and hold the road leading to Lynchburg. Succeeded in gaining the road, and remained in position during the night. April 9.Was attacked at daylight by the enemy in force, but suc- ceeded in delaying them until the infantry got into position, and they were obliged to surrender. April 10.Marched to Prospect Station. April 11.Escorted Lieutenant-General Grant to Burkeville Station. April 13Marched to Nottoway Court-house. April 17.Marched to Fords Station. April 18.Marched to Petersburg. April 24.Marched by way of Boydton plank road through Dinwid- die Court-House across Nottoway River. April 25.Marched to Meherrin River. April 26.Marched all day; bivouacked near Boydton. April 27.Marched to Staunton River~ crossed on ferry-boats, biv- ouacking about dark. April 28.Marched to and crossed the Dan River at South Boston. News of Johnstous surrender received. April 29.Started at 7 a. mu. on the back track; crossed the Staunton River just after dark. April 30.Recrossed the Meherrin; bivouacked after dark. Distance marched during the month, 433 miles. ARMY OF THE SHENANDOAH.* First Cavalry Division. [Januar.y.]The First and Reserve Brigades of the division in camp during the mouth at Camp Russell, picketing the line of the Opequon. sending frequent reconnaissances toward Front Royal and Strasburg. January 28.A - picked detachment of 300 mcii, under Lieutenant- Colonel Hastings, marched, via Devils flole, to Coinmbia Furnace and Edenburg; surprised enemys picket and captured 16 prisoners and horses. During the month the Second Brigade was stationed at Lovettsville, Loudoun County, Va., picketing and guarding the Potomac. On the night of the 17th the camp of one regiment (Sixth New York Cavalry) was attacked and Lieutenant Carroll, Sixth New York, amid several men wounded. The enemy were repulsed with severe loss. February 1 to 2G.The First and Reserve Brigades in camp at Camp Russell, Va., picketing the line of the Opequon, sending out frequent recoummaissances toward Strasburg amid Woodstock, Va. February 1 to 23.The Second Brigade stationed at Lovettsville, picketing and guarding the Potomac. Or SlIcridalL8 Cavalry Command Page 121 LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 121 February 24.The Second Brigade broke up camp at Lovettsville and marched to Harpers Ferry, W. Va. February 25.Marched to Winchester, Va., and joined the division at Camp Russell, Va. February 27.The division started on a raid up the Shenandoah Val- ley in the direction of Lynchburg, and marched via Strasburg to Wood- stock. February 28.Marched to Laceys Spring, near New Market, and encamped. March 1.The division marched from Laceys Spring to near Staun- ton, and encamped. First Brigade marched to and destroyed railroad l)ridgo at Christians Creek. Twentieth Pennsylvania Cavalry marched to Swoopes Depot, on Virginia Central Railroad, and destroyed depot, stores, & c. March 3.Marched to Waynesborough and destroyed iron railroad bridge, stores, artillery wagons, & c.; crossed Blue Ridge, and encamped at Ivy Station, on Virginia Central Railroad. March 4.Marched to Charlottesville and encamped. March 6.Marched to Scottsville and destroyed mills, aqueduct, & c. March 6 to 12.Operated on the line of James River and Kanawha Canal, destroying the canal for a distance of 100 miles from Dugnids- ville to Goochland, together with all locks, bridges, mills, factories, and canal boats loaded with commissary, quartermasters, ordnance, meal, and all kinds of Governmentstores. March 13.Marched to Tolersville and destroyed railroad. March 14.Marched toTaylorsville and destroyed five railroad bridges over North and South Anna and Little Rivers, engaging the enemy and capturing three guns. March 15.Moved across South Anna to Hanover Court-House, and returned at night across North Anna. March 16.Marched to Mangohick Church. March 17.Marched to Painunkey, at White house. March 18.Crossed Pamunkey and encamped. March 25.Marched toward James River. March 26.Crossed James River and encamped. March 27.Crossed Appomattox and encamped in front of Petersburg. March 29.Marched to Dinwiddie Court-House. March 30.Marched to and engaged the enemy near Five Forks. March 31.Engaged the enemy near Five Forks. April 1.The division engaged the enemy at Five Forks an(l carried the position, captnring 1,000 prisoners and 2 guns. April 2.Marched to and cut South Side Railroad and attacked and drove Fitz Lees cavalry division to Scotts Cross-Roads, engaging at that place the enemys infantry. April 3.Marched to Deep Creek and encamped. April 4.Marched to Drummonds Mills and engaged the enemys infantry and cavalry. At lOp. m. marched toward Jetersville, arriving at 10 a. m. of the 5th; division placed in position in front of the towmi. April 6.Marched to and engaged the enemy at Sailors Creek, cap- turing 500 prisoners. April 7.Marched by Prince Edward Court-House to near Prospect Station and encamped. April 8.Marched to Appomattox Station and engaged the enemy. April 9.Engaged the enemy in front of Appomattox Court-House; at 11 a. m. a flag of truce resulting in the surrender of General Lees army Page 122 122 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. April 10.Marched to Prospect Station. April 11.Moved by easy marches to Petersburg, encamping four days at Nottoway Court-House. April 18.Arrived and encamped near the town until the 24th, when the division moved rapidly in the direction of North Carolina. April 29.Arrived at the line, when the news of Johnstons surrender was received, and the division counterinarched toward Petersburg. First Brigade, First Cavalry Division. [January.]Brigade in winter quarters on Romney pike, two miles and a half from Winchester, and picketing the right of the line held by the army. Second Brigade, First Cavalry Division. January 1.The brigade marched from ilalitown to Lovettsville, and commenced building winter quarters. January 17.The camp of Sixth New York Cavalry was attacked by Whites cavalry, who were repulsed with severe loss. The country was scoured to and beyond Purceilville by scouting parties. February 1 to 24.The brigade was quartered at Lovettsville, Lou- doun County, Va., picketing and scouting in the vicinity. February 24.Marched to Harpers Ferry, W. Va. February 25.Marched to Winchester, Va. February 27.Marched to Woodstock, Va. February 28.Marched to New Market, Va. March 1.Marched from Laceys Spring, and arrived at Staunton at midnight. March 2.Marched through Fisl~ersville and Waynesborough. March 3.Marched through flilistown and Brownsville, destroying a large amount of rebel quartermasters stores at Swoopes Station. March 4.Marched to Charlottesville. March 5.Destroyed the Lynchburg railroad. March 6.Marched to Scottsville, destroying the canal, aqueduct, factories, & c., returning to Howardsville. March 7.Marched to Warniinster, destroying the canal, & c. March 8.Marched to Hardwickville, destroying several canal locks and warehouses. At 12 in. received orders to nroceed to Columbia, via Howardsville and Scottsville. March 9.Arrived there at 5 a. in., marching fifty miles, destroying the canal and several boats loaded with stores for the rebel army. March 11.Marched to Goochland Court-House; engaged the enemy, capturing several prisoners and burning the jail and several canal locks. Returned to Columbia. March 12.Marched to Tolersville. March 13.Marched to Fredericks Hall and destroyed the Virginia Central Railroad. March 15.Passed through Taylorsville and crossed the South Anna River. March 16.Marched to Mangoliick. March 17.Marched to King William Court-House. March 18.Arrived near White House Landing. March 19.Crossed Pamunkey River. * * * March 26 r25].Marched to near Harrisons Landing. March 27 [2G].Cro~sed James River at Deep Bottom Page 123 CHAP. LvIfl.] 123 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. March 28 [27].Joined Army of the Potomac near Petersburg. March 29.Marched to Dinwiddie Court-House. March 30.Engaged the enemy near Five Forks. March 31.Fought the enemy (Picketts division) all day at Five Forks. April 1.Engaged the enemys cavalry arid a division (Picketts) of infantry at Five Forks, and after seven hours hard fighting, captured their works, with 2 pieces of artillery, battle-flags, and over 1,000 l)risoners. April 2.Gained the South Side Railroad; engaged the enemy at Scotts farm. April 3.Marched to near Dennisville. April 4.Attacked the enemy near Finneys Mills; fought until late, and marched all night. April 5.Marched to near Burkeville. April 6.Attacked the enemys wagou train and fought all day, cap- turing a number of prisoners, and encamped near Sailors Creek. April 7.Marched through Prince Edward Court-House and encamped near Prospect Station. April 8.Engaged the enemy near Appomattox Court-House; skir- mnishing all night. April 9.Engaged the enemy at daybreak and fought until 10 a. in., when General Lee surrendered his army. A ril 10.Returned to Prospect Station. April 11.Returned to near Prince Edward Court-House. April 12.Returned to near Burkeville Station. April 13.Returned to Nottoway Court-House. April 14, 15, and 16.Remained in camp. April 17.I\larched to near Fords Station, on South Side Railroad. April 18.Marched to near Petersburg and encamped. April 19 and 20.Remained in camp. April 21.Moved in camp. April 22 and 23.Remained in camp. April 24.Marched at 6 a. m. on the Boydton road. April 25.Marched to Melierrin River. April 26.Marched to near Boydton. April 27.Marched to Abbyville. April 28.Crossed the Staunton River. April 29.Recrossed the river and encamped. April 30.Marched to near Keys Station, on Danville railroad. Rcscrvc Brigade, First Cavalry Division. January 4.Received orders from division headquarters to go into winter quarters. January 6.Colonel Crowninshield returned from leave and assumed command of brigade. January 12.Major McKendry, Second Massachusetts Cavalry, four officers and 200 men, went on reconnaissance to Strasburg, returning same day; reported no indications of enemy. January 15.~Brigadier-GenCral Gibbs relieved from command of division (by return of Brevet Major-General Merritt) and assumed com- mand of brigade. January 17.Brigade reviewed and inspected by Brevet Major- General Merritt (present, Major-General Emory, Brevet Major-General Torbert, and Brigadier-General Fessenden) Page 124 124 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. ICHAP. LVIII. January 18.Brigadier-General Gibbs on fifteen days leave of absence; Colonel Crowninshield, Second Massachusetts Cavalry, tem- porarily commanding brigade. January 20.One hundred and seventy-six recrnits and remounted men joined the Second Massachusetts Cavalry from Pleasant Valley, Md. January 21.The Second U. S. Cavalry started for Hagerstown, Md., pursuant to orders, to relieve the Sixth Pennsylvaiiia Cavalry. January 22.Ninety-three recruits joined the Sixth U. S. Cavalry. January 26.Colonel Crowninshield, Secoii d Massachusetts Cav- alry, commanding division; Captaiii Itumery, Second Massachusetts Cavalry, commanding brigade. January 29...The Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry reported from Ilagers- town, Md. Major Leiper, Sixth i~ennsylvania Cavalry, assumed com- mand of brigade. January 31.Colonel Crowninshield relieved from command of divis- ion by Colonel Stagg, First Michigan Cavalry, and assumed command of brigade. February 1.The brigade formed with corps and was reviewed by Major-General Sheridan; Colonel Crowmiinslmield, Second Massachu- setts Cavalry, iii command of brigade. Furidshed the usual number of officers and men for picket duty (luring the month. February 27.Started with fifteen days rations, under command of Brigadier-General Gibbs, at 7 a. in., np the Shenaiidoah Valley, moving with the First and Third Divisions and First Brigade of the Second Division; traveled thirty miles and encamped at Woodstock. February 28.Marched to Laurel [Laceys] Spring, and encamped at 3.30 a. in. on March 1. Jliiarch 1.iVioved from camp at Laurel [Laceys] Spring with corps and continued with it, passing through Staunton, Wayitesborough, and Rockfish Gal), in Blue Ridge, Brooksville, to Cliavlottesville. Macrh 3.The First liliode Jslaiid Cavalry was sent to Winchester, Va., as a part guard of prisoners and guns captlire(l by Third l)ivision at Waynesborough. March 6.The brigade, as a part of First Division, was sent to Scottsville, New Market, and Bent Creek bridge, returning, via How- ardsville, to Scottsville. The brigade participated largely in the destruction of property, while the division was burning miiills, ware- houses, factories, forges, and Confederate stores and subsistence of all kinds, as well as working vigorously in destroying the James River Canal, locks, boats, & c. Agaimi moved with corps amid passing through Columbia, Tolersville, Fredericks Hall Junction, Taylorsville, to South Anna River. Bridges on Richmond and I~etersburg [FredericksburgJ and Virginia Central Railroad were destroyed. March 14.The Fifth United States and Second Massachusetts Cavalry captured three pieces of artillery, turning them on the enemy. March 15.Moved across the river and reinaimme(L in position, skir- mishing with the enemy. Squadron of Second Massachnsetts Cavalry sent to Hanover Court-House. March 16.Marched through Chesterfield Station, Mangohick Church, Ayletts, King William Court-House, to White House, arrivino at 2 p. in. March iS. The trip from Winchester to White House was fatiguing to both horses and men iii time utmost degree, the command marching over the very worst of roads, without transportation and scantily snpplie(l with subsistence. Its results, however, are apparent to all, all(l fully compensate the suffering expcrie~zccd Page 125 Ca& r. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 125 Miarch 19.Crossed the river and remained in camp until March 25, when the commami marched to near Petersbllrg, arriving March 27. March 29.Left camp in front of Petersburg. March 30.The [brigade], being in advance, fonght the enemy near Five Forks all day. March 31.The enemys infantry, in large nninbers, attacked the bri- gade abont 1 p. in., breaking connection between it and the First and Second Brigades, First Division. The brigade fonght dismounted nntml night-fall, falling back, with the corps, to near Dinwiddie Court-House, opposed to Picketts division of infantry. The brigade lost heavily in officers and men this day. Bivouacked iiear the Court-House. April 1.Moved throngli Dinwiddie Court-House and participated in attack on enemys works at Five Forks, the whole line advancing at 2 p. m. The brigade fought dismounted, aiid did its full share in the good work of that day. The Five Forks were carried by Dcviiis (First) division of cavalry. April 2.Moved to South Side Railroad; destroyed track, and, with corps, moved west, skirmishing with enemy at Exeter Mill again on the 4th. April 6.Fought enemy at Sailors Creek. April 8.Overtook enemy; skirmishing, when the whole brigade went on picket. April 9.Attacked enemy (dismounted) early and vigorously, but as vigorously repulsed by a division of infantry. The line being relieved by the Fifth Corps, brigade was mounted and charged with on right of Third Division, until micar the enemys wagon train, when a flag of truce was received. From that hour the brigade has done no fighting. During the twelve days campaign, which terminated so gloriously in Lees surrender, the brigade fought and marched by day and night, fully appreciating what was required of it, and assisted to the best of its ability in the vigorous l)rosccution of that portion of the war which reflects so much credit on all, from the lieutenant-general commanding the army to the rank and die of Sheridans cavalry. April 10.Moved, with corps, by easy marches to Petersburg, encamp- ing four days at Nottoway Court-house, arriving April 18. Remained in camp, refitting, & c., until the 24th. Moved early, marching rapidly for five days to near South Boston, Va. April 20.The Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry was taken from brigade for temporary duty at corps headquarters, and is not yet relieved (April 30). April 29.News of Johnstons surrender having been received, the corps countermarched cii route to Petersburg. April 30.Encamped, with seventy-three miles yet to travel. The First U. S. Cavalry permanently detailed as General Sheridans escort. Second Cavalry Divisipn.* February.No movements. [March.]The division was encamped near Winchester, Va., during the month, with no general movement. April 4.The division broke camp near Winchester and proceeded on a reconnaissance as far as Edenburg. April 6.Returned. April 7.Went into camp near Berryville, Va. Of the Department of West Virginia Page 126 126 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. April 20.Broke camp at Berryville and marched to Washington, D. C., arriving there on the 22d. April 23.Went into camp at Falls Church, Va., since when no more movements have been made. Third Cavalry Division. tJanuary]The division is in winter quarters on Romney pike, near Winchester, Va. [February.]Divisiou in winter quarters on the Romney pike, near Winchester, Va. February 28.Marched at 6 a. in., reaching Woodstock at 7 p. in. March 1.Encamped at Laceys Spring, nine miles north of ilarri- sonburg, Va. At 3 p. m. moved toward Staunton; met rebel cavalry under General iRosser at Mount Crawford. Had a skirmish and drove them; captured S commissioned officers and 37 men, and a number of wagons loaded with supplies. Moved rapidly to withiii four miles of Staunton, and bivouacked for the night. March 2.Moved, via Staunton, to Waynesborough, where the enemy were met under General Early. Engaged and whipped him, capturing 11 pieces of artillery, 1,450 prisoners, and about 150 wagons loaded with quartermasters, corn missary, and ordnance stores. Command moved to Greenwood Depot, on the Virginia Central Railroad, and burned large quantities of supplies and several railroad cars loaded with muni- tions of war. March 3.Moved to Charlottesville. March 4 and 5.Remained at Charlottesville; command employed in destroying railroad property. March 6, 7, and 8.Marched to New Market, on James River, destroy- ing canal. March 12.Marched to Fredericks Hall Depot, 011 Virginia Central Railroad. March 13.Commenced destroying large amount of Government stores, Virginia Central Railroad, tobacco, and munitions of war. March 14 and 15.Moved along Virginia Central Railroad to South Anna River bridge. March 16, 17, and 18.Moved, via King William Court-House, to White House Landing, on Pamunkey River. Remained here refitting until the 25th, then moved in the direction of Petersburg. 2ilarch 27.Arrived at Petersburg. March 29.Moved toward Dinwiddie Court-House; arrived there at 3 p.m. March 31.Participated in the fight with the divisions of rebel infantry commanded by Pickett and Johnson. [April.]The command took part in the cam .aign which resulted in the defeat and surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia (rebel), General R. E. Lee commanding. First Brigade, Third Cavalry Division. [Febrnary.]Brigade in winter quarters. February 28.Marched at 6 a. in.; reached Woodstock at 7 p. m. and encamped. March.February 27, this command took part in the expedition which left Winchester, Va., under command of Maj. Gen, P. H, ~her Page 127 Ca& i~. LYIHI THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 127 March 26 [27]. Reached the Army of the Potomac in front of Peters- burg, Va. March 28 [29].Resurned march. March 31.Engaged with the enemy at Dinwiddie Court-House. [April. ]The command took part in the campaign which resulted in the surrender of the enemys army, called Army of Northern Virginia, at Appomattox Court-House. Engagernents.April 1, Five Forks. April 3, Sweat-House Creek. April 6, Harpers Farm. April 8, Appomattox Station. April 9, Ap- pomattox Court-House. Third Brigade, Third Cavalry Division. February.]Encamped near Winchester, Va. February 27.Command started on raid up the Senandoah Valley, Va. Encamped on the night of the 27th at Woodstock, Va. February 28.Marched to Laceys Spring and encamped for the night. March 1.Brigade encamped at Laceys Spring, nine miles north of Harrisonburg, Va., and at 3 p. m. moved toward Staunton. At North River, near Mount Crawford, Va., met and drove rebel cavalry under Gen- eral Rosser, capturing 5 commissioned officers and 37 nien prisoners of war, and a quantity of wagons loaded with supplies. Moved rapidly to within four miles of Staunton and encamped for the night. March 2.Moved by way of Staunton to Waynesborough, where, in company with the remainder of the Third Division, we met and whipped the forces of General Early, killing a number of the enemy and captur- ing 11 pieces of artillery, 1,420 prisoners, about 150 wagons loaded with quartermasters, commissary, and ordnance stores. This brigade then moved to Greenwood Depot, on the Virginia Central Railroad, and burned large quantities of supplies and several railroad cars laden with munitions of war. March 3.Moved to Charlottesville. March 4 and 5.Remained at Charlottesville; command employed in destroying railroad pros ~erty. March 6, 7, and 8.Marched to New Market, omi James River, destroying Charlottesville and Lynchburg Railroad and James River Canal. March 9 and 10.Marched to Columbia, on James River, destroying canal. March 12.Marched to Fredericks hall Depot, on Virginia Central Railroad. March 13.Command destroyed Virginia Central Railroad and large amount of Government stores, tobacco, and munitions of war. March 14 and 15.Moved along Virginia Central Railroad to South Anna River bridge. March 16, 17, and 18.-Moved, via King William Court-House, Va., to White House Landing, on Pamunkey River. Command remained at this point refitting until the 25th, when it moved in the direction of Petersburg, where it arrived on the 27th. March 2.9.Marched toward Dinwiddie Court-House, where it arrived at 3 p. m. on the 31st, participating in the fight with the divisions of rebel infantry commanded by Pickett and Johnson. April 1.Marched dismounted from near Dinwiddie Court-House to Five Forks, where the enemy were found in strong force. An engage- uient was at once opened, which continued with great fury until 5 p. in. Page 128 128 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIU. when the Second and Fifth Corps of infantry came to the assistance of the cavalry and the enemy was driven rapidly at all points, losing heavily in men, artillery, small-arms, and munitions of war generally. April 2.This brigade moved to Fords Station, on the South Side Railroad, were it met and drove a body of rebel cavalry. The direction of march was then cliaiiged and the command marched to Namnozine Creek, where it encamped for the night, going into camp under heavy artillery fire from the enemy. April 3.Marched at 5 a. in., the enemy having withdrawn from our front during the miight. At Winticomack Cieek met three divisions of rebel cavalry, commanded by Major-Generals Fitzhugh Lee aiA Itosser and Colonel Munford. After some hard fighting, the enemy was driven at a rapid rate for three miles to Deep Creek. Here the command came upon the enemys infantry. After some hard fighting, both parties with- drew and went into camp. This brigade during the day captured about 300 prisoners, besides killing and wounding quite a number of the enemy. April 4.The cominaiid marched at 5 a. m. in tIme direction of Amelia Court-House. Countermarched at 8 p. m. and marched during the night to Jetersville, Va., where it arrived at 6 a. in. on April 5. The command remained here all day. April 6.Marched at 6 a. m. to Sailors Creek, where it met the enemy and engaged him, fighting all day, driving the enemy and capturing 7 pieces of artillery, 5,000 prisoners, and a large quantity of wagons, & c. April 7.Marched through Prince Edward Court-House and en. camped five miles west of the Court-House. April 8.Marched to Appomattox Station, on South Side Railroad, where the command arrived at 5 p. m. Met the enemy and engaged him at once. April 9.Engaged the enemy at daylight at Appomnattox Court- House, and was pressing him heavily when he (the enemy) raised the white flag and asked for terms of surrender, which was the commence- ment of capitulations ending in the surrender of Lees (rebel) army. ARMY 01! THE JAMES. DEFENSES OF BERMUDA HUNDRED. January 23.In the evemming the rebel gun-boats came down the James, and one of them succeeded in getting down as far as Battery Sawyer, at Crows Nest tower. The darkness of the night prevented accurate artillery practice. Daylight showed three of themtwo iron- dads and one wooden gun-boataground on Farrars Island, below Howlett House Battery. The third shot from a 100-pounder at Bat- tery Parsons entered the magazine of the wooden gun-boat and blew her up. The iron-dads took a very severe fire, being struck many- times by shot from our heavy guns, until about 12 in., when they floated oft and took shelter behind Farrars Island until night, when they pro- ceeded back up the river. The gun-boats did not reply to the fire of our batteries, merely firing a farewell shot as they first floated off and moved up the river. February.Nothing of importance transpired on this front; 135 deserters from the enemy came in during the month Page 129 Ca& p. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 129 TWENTY-FOURTH ARMY CORPS. [Janaary.JThe Twenty-fourth Army Corps still occupies the same 1)OSitiOll since last return. The Second Division is still absent on an expedition under Bvt. Maj. Gen. A. II. Terry to Wilmington, N. C. March 27. The First and Independent Divisions, Battery B, First United States, Battery A, Fifth United States, and the Seventeenth IN ew York Independent Battery were withdrawn from the north side of James River, leaving the Third Division to keep the lines. The troops marched all night and all the iiext day (28th), and arrived in camp in rear of the Second Corps about sundown. March 30.In the morning occupied the line vacated by the Second Corps. April 1.The First Division of the corps (Brigadier-General Foster) was engaged with the enemy at Hatchers, driving them from their position and moving down toward the right to Petersburg until the waiu works outSi(le the city were reached. April 2.Assaulted Forts Gregg and Baldwinthe former carried after a desperate struggle by the First Division; the latter, by ~Third Brigade, Independent Division, Brevet Brigadier.General Harris. April 3.Found Petersburg evacuated, and immediately took up hue of march close on the retreating forces of General Lee, and from this date until the 5th was engaged in the rapid pursuit of his fleeing forces. April 6.Met the enemy strongly intrenched at Rices Station, and before our lines could be formed and the enemys pickets be driven in, night closed the operations. April 7.At daylight, when about making acharge on the enemys works, found that he had withdrawn his force and retired toward Farmville, to which place we followed close on his rear. April 8.Still following the retreating column, and, after marching thirty-two miles, bivouacked about three miles from Appomattox Station. April 9.At daylight the corps moved out and engaged the enemy at Appoinattox Court-House. The Independent Division, which were on the left of the line, were about making a charge when an order arrived that there was a cessation of hostilities, and which resulted in the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia. The corps was left from this date to the 17th to settle the business of paroling Lees army and taking charge of all public property and sending it to Burkeville. April 12.The Independent Division was sent to Lynchburg, where it destroyed or carried away a vast amount of public property. April 15.It returned to Appomattox Court-House. April 17.The corps took up line of march for Burkeville. April 19.Arrived at that place in the evening and remained until the 20th. April 20.The corps received orders to march to Richmond, via Amelia Court-House. April 25.Arrived in Richmond, where they are still encamped. Total distance marched about 225 miles. April 2 [3].The Third Division, under command of Brigadier- Geumeral Devens, entered Richmond, without oppositiob, at about S a. in., and occupied the city. [Jlay.]This corps has been encamped near Richmond during the past month. [Jane.]The corps has iiot moved from its present camp during the month. 9 R RvoL XLVI, PT Page 130 130 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIIL First Division. March 27.This division moved from the New Market road on the north bank of the James River. March 29.Arrived in the vicinity of Hatchers Run. March 30.Skirmishing with the enemy; advanced the Third Bri- gade on the left, capturing intrenched picket-line. March 31.Advanced the picket-line of the division, capturing that of the enemy (325 prisoners), driving the enemy into his main works, and holding the ground gained. April 1.Skirmishing with the enemy at Hatchers Run. April 2.Broke through the enemys line near Hatchers Run, mov- ing to the right toward Petersburg, driving them before us until the main line of works around the city was reached. At 1 p. m. assaulted Fort Gregg, which was carried after a desperate struggle. Loss in killed, wounded, and missing, 419. April 3.Found Petersburg evacuated, and took up lint~ of march, following Lees army; encamped three miles beyond Sutherlands Sta- tion. April 4.Encamped at Wilsons Station. April 6.Engaged the enemy at Rices Station, and encamped near that place. April 7.The enemy having withdrawn during the night, followed, overtaking the rear guard at Bush River, where we had a short skir- mish; encamped at Farmvllle. April 8.Marched thirty-three miles, bivouacking about three miles from Appomattox Station. April 9.Engaged the enemy at Appomattox Court-House until the cessation of hostilities, which resulted in the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia. Loss, 116. Remained at Appomattox Court-House until April 17. April 17.Marched to Prospect Station. April 18.Encamped at Bush River. April 19 to 21.Encamped at Burkeville. April 21.Marched and encamped at Dry Creek. April 22.Encamped at Amelia Court-House. April 24.Encamped near Manchester. April 25.Marched through Richmond, Va., encamping on the Brook road on the north side. Total distance marched, about 225 miles. Total loss, 833 officers and men wounded, missing, and killed. Total captured, 1,355 prisoners, 13 pieces of artillery, 5 battle-flags. First Brigade, First Division. [January.]The brigade has been lyingin works on the New Market road near Richmond, Va., doing picket and fatigue duty. [Fcbruary.1The brigade has been lying in works on the New Market road, near Richmond, Va., doing picket and fatigne duty. [March.jThe brigade has been lying in works doing picket and fatigue duty in front of Richmond. March 27.Marched to Hatchers Run. March 29.Arrived there in the morning, and did picket duty the balance of the month. April 1,Left encampment oj~ Hatchers Run Page 131 CHAP. LYITi.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 131 April 2.Participated in the capture of Fort Gregg; from thence in pursuit of Lees army. April 6.Skirmished with the enemy at Rices Station. April 9.Arrived at Appomattox Court-House, at which place Lee surrendered; moved from thence to our present encampment. Second Brigade, First Dirision. January 3.Brigade broke camp before Richmond. January 5.in the morning embarked on board transports at Ber- muda Landing. Brigade headquarters on board steamer General Lyon. January 13.Arrived off New Inlet, N. C., in the morning, and imme- diately proceeded to disembark, which was done in small boats, land- ing in the surf. Held the right of the line fronting Wilmington until 4 p. m. of the 15th. January 15.4 p. in., the attack having commenced on Fort Fisher, the brigade was ordered to the fort. Entered the fort at 5 p. in., and at 10 attacked that part of the works not afready taken. After the work was carried, moved down the beach toward Battery Buchanan, which having surrendered, together with its force, the brigade returned to the right of the line fronting Wilmington. Remained there during the rest of the month, completing earth-works and in the time making two considerable reconnaissances toward Wilmington, capturing each time between fifty and sixty men. Second Division. January 2.This division received marching orders. January 4.Embarked on transports at Bermuda Hundred. January 6..Division, with the rest of the second Wilmington ex- pedition, sailed from Fort Monroe for Fort Fisher, N. C. January 13.Arrived near Fort Fisher; disembarked same day. January 15.Stormed and captured Fort Fisher, with its entire gar- rison., Since then and up to the present time [January 31] it has been doing garrison duty at Forts Fisher and Caswell and at Smithyille. Second Brigade, Second Divison. ~January.]The monthly report for the month of December left this brigade in the trenches at Chaffins farm, Va. January 3.In the afternoon the brigade broke camp and marched to Bermuda Hundred, where it.bivouacked until the afternoon of the 4th. January 4.Brigade embarked on board transports Varuna and Tonawanda and proceeded to Fort Monroe. January 5.Arrived at that place at 12 m. and anchored in the har- bor. January 6.At 4 a. m. the fleet weighed anchor and put out to sea en route for Fort Fisher. January 13.Arrived at Federal Point in the morning and disem- barked during the day. January 14.The brigade was engaged in throwing up rifle-pits near the Flag-Pole Battery, and during the night was ordered to take a posi- tion in rear of Brevet Brigadier-General Curtis brigade, operating against Fort Fisher Page 132 132 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. January 15.In the morning the brigade formed line of battle in rear of the First Brigade and about 400 yards from the fort, which was successfully assaulted at 3 p. in. After the capture of the fort the brigade was ordered to move about one mile up the river, where it biv- ouacked for the night. January 16.In the morning moved down near the Flag-Pole Bat- tery, where it remained until the morning of the 19th. January 19.Brigade moved over near the Cape Fear River and en- camped, where it remained during the month. Third Brigade, Second Division. January 3The brigade (except the Ninth Maine Volunteers, which remained at the front in the Army of the James) broke camp and marched to Bermuda Hundred, where it bivouacked for the night. January 4.In the evening embarked on board transports iDe Molay and Thames. January 5.Sailed for Fort Monroe in the morning, arriving there ~that afternoon. January 6.In the morning sailed from Fort Monroe dowii the coast, passing Cape Henry. January 8.Arrived off Beaufort, N. C. January 9.A storm set in, continuing nearly the whole of the 10th. January 12.Sailed for Fort Fisher, and effected a landing on the beach about three miles above the fort on the morning of the 13th. The brigade, being the4lrst to land, captured a battery containing one heavy gun, also forty head of cattle near it. January 15.Took part in the assault on Fort Fisher, which resulted in its capture at 10 oclock same night. January 1G.One of the reserve magazines in the fort exploded, kill- ing and wounding many. The One hundred and sixty-ninth New York Volunteers, being nearest, suffered the most. Since the 16th the brigade has been engaged in garrisoning Fort Fisher and Battery Buchanan, and such other duties as it has been called on to perform. First Brigade, Third Division. ~January.]During the month the brigade has been on the line on Cliaffins farm, Va., picketing its front. The time has been occupied in drilling, equipping, & c., the command. January 24.When the enemys boats passed our batteries on the James, afew shells were thrown from Fort Gilmer into the camp. [February.]iNo events of special ilkportance have taken place dur- ing the last month. The troops have been doing picket and fatigue duty. The time has been devoted to drilling and equipping the com- mand. I March.]No events of special importance have taken place during the past month. March 27.The command moved from its old position and relieved the First Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps, and are now picketing the front, formerly occupied by that division. The headquarters are established at the old headquarters of General Foster, commanding First Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps. [April.]At the commencement of the present month this command was stationed on the lines near Chaffins farm, Va Page 133 C~& i. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 133 April 3.In the morning it was discovered that the enemys pickets had been withdrawn from our front, when we were ordered to advance up the New Market road, and entered the city of Richmond at about 8.30 a. in., being the first body of infantry to enter the city. This com- mand was stationed in Richmond about two weeks as provost guard, when it was removed to the interior line of works west of the city, where it remained until the 24th instant. April 24.It was ordered across the James River, where it is now encamped on Broad Rock road, about three miles from Manchester. The command is in a good state of efficiency. The time is occupied in drilling and equipping the command. The troops are doing light picket duty. Independent Division. March 26 [25] (Saturday).This division marched from its camp at Chaffins farm, Va., to Long Bridge, on the Chickahominy River, to cover the crossing of General Sheridan with his command, he having crossed, however, below that point at Jones Bridge, and we returned and encamped near Deep Bottom on Sunday. March 28 [27] (Monday).We reeeived orders to cross the James River at sunset; we marched till 3.30 oclock Tuesday morning. March 29.Moved on during the day about ten miles, and took up position in rear of Fifth Corps. March 30.We were moved farther to the left, iii rear of the lines of the Second Corps. March 31 (Friday).We were moved still further to the left, and went into position in front of Fort Useless, on Hatchers Run. While reconnoitering the enemys position with the commanding general, Lieu- tenant Judd, aide-de-camp on his staff; was severely wounded by the enemy. All day we had heavy skirmishing with the rebels, and drove their skirmishers about three-quarters of a mile. April 1.Heavy picket-firing in the morning in our front opposite Fort Useless~ on Hatchers Run. rrhe enemy attacked and were repulsed, with loss of thirty prisoners and many killed and wounded. April 2 (Sunday).We were moved some two miles to the right of onr position, and about 10 oclock, with the First Division, our forces stormed and carried Fort Gregg, after a severe struggle, in which this division lost some 250 in killed and wounded. The colors of the Sec- ond Brigade of this division were the first planted upon the captured work. The Third Brigade of this division also carried two other forts to the left and beyond Fort Gregg. April 3.We moved out on the Cox road about eleven miles, follow- ing the retreating foe. April 4.We marched some fifteen miles on the road to Burkeville. April 5.We reached Burkeville Junction about 10.15 p. in., after a hard days march. April 6 (Thursday).We marched out from Burkeville about 1 p. in., and after going some eight miles we struck the flank of the enemy and skirmishing at once commenced. The enemy being in strong position and far superior in numbers, no assault was made, but we succeeded in detaining him. April 7.We marched to Farmville. April 8.We marched sixteen hours, accomplishing a distance of thirty-two miles Page 134 134 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. April 9 (Su~day).We marched out about 6 a. in., and after marching about three miles we formed line of battle on the road just in time to check a cavalry charge of the rebels. We advanced about a mile under a pretty severe fire of grape and shell, skirmishing as we advanced, until word was sent to the comniand to cease firing, as an armistice had been agreed upon; subsequently Lee surreuded his army. [April 12.]Wednesday, this division started for Lynchburg. April 13.Reached there at 8 a. m. and immediately proceeded to destroy a vast amount of munitions of war collected there by the rebels. April 15.This work was accomplished, and we returned to Appo- mattox Court-House. April 17.We started for Richmond. April 24.We arrived there. First Brigade, Independent Division. March 25.The brigade marched froni Camp Holly to the Chicka- hominy River. Returned the following day, and bivouacked at Deep Bottom. March 27.At night crossed the James and Appomattox Rivers. March 28.Arrived at camp at 4 a. m. The same day marched to Humphreys Station and went intd camp. April 1.The brigade repulsed an attack by the enemy near Hatch- ers Run at 4 a. m. April 2.A fort in front of the lines was captured by the One hun. dred and twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with prisoners and artillery. The Thirty-fourth Massachusetts and One hundred and six- teenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry engaged in th~ assault of Fort Gregg. April 6.The One hundred and twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infan- try was captured near High Bridge, at Farinville. The Thirty-fourth Massachusetts and One hundred and sixteenth Ohio Volunteer Infan- try engaged the enemy with their skirmishers near Rices Station. April 9.Was present at the surrender of Lees army at Appomattox Court-House. April 13.Occupied Lynchburg, and, after destroyingalarge amount of Government property, marched to Richmond. April 24.Arrived there. Second Brigade, Independent Division. January 28.Moved from camp at Deep Bottom, Va., to Chaffins farm, Va.; distance, t womiles. January 29.Twenty-third Regiment Illinois Veteran Volunteers temporarily attached to Provisional Brigade, commanded by Col. W. M. McClure, on Bermuda line, per Special Orders, No. 29, headquarters Defenses Bermuda Hundred, Va. [February.]No change of headquarters or other events to record since last return. March 25.Marched to Long Bridge, on the Chickahoininy River, Va.; distance, thirteen miles. March 26.Marched to Deep Bottom Landing, on James River; fifteen miles. March 27.At 6 p. in. began march, arriving at Humphreys Station, Va., on the 29th; distance, thirty miles. March 26.Battalion Twenty-third Illinois Volunteers rejoined bri- gade at Deep Bottom Landing from detached service on Bermuda line, Va Page 135 CHAP. LVIU.1 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 135 April 1.The brigade was engaged in skirmishing and fortifying on the line at Hatchers Run, Va., up to the morning of the 2d. April 2.It was moved the distance of seven miles against Battery Gregg, near Petersburg, Va., in the capture of which the brigade partici- pated with marked bravery, and was the first to plant its colors upon the works. The enemy fought with desperation after the works were entered; one commissioned officer and several men of the brigade were killed inside of the works. April 3.Moved in pursuit of the rebel army on the Lynchburg road. April 5.Arrived at Burkeville, [a.; distance, fifty-three miles. April 6.At 4 a. m. the Fifty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, com- manded by Lieut. Col. A. P. Moulton, marched from camp on an expe dition to railroad ten High Bridge, Va., on the Lynchburg ~ distance miles, where it was captured by the enemy, after a spirited fight with overwhelming numbers. At 12 m. same day the brigade, now compris- ing the Twelfth Regiment West Virginia Volunteers and one company Twenty-third Illinois Volunteers (the other four companies of the latter were left on duty), began march. April 7.Arrived at Farmville, Va.; distance, fifteen miles. April 8.Resumed march at 6 a. in., arriving at a point west of Appo- mattox Court-House, heading the rebel army; distance, thirty-two miles. Apiil 9.Early in the morning General Lee surrendered. Although under fire of the enemys artillery, except the skirmish line we were not engaged. April 12.Commenced to march to Lynchburg, Va. April 13.Arrived there, distance twenty-six miles, reaching there early. April 15.Commenced march returning to Burkeville; distance, seventy-three miles. April 19.Reached there. April 22.Left Burkeville. April 25.Reached Richmond, Va.; distance, fifty-eight miles. Commissioned officers killed at Fort Gregg April 2: Maj. Nathan Davis, Fifty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Second Lieut. Joseph Caldwell, Company C, Twelfth West Virginia Volunteers. Wounded at Fort Gregg April 2: Second Lieut. John A. Briggs, Company K, acting adjutant Twelfth West Virginia Volunteers. Killed at High Bridge, Va., April 6: Second Lieut. Cyrus Patton, Company G, Fifty- fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Third Brigade, Independent Division. March 1.The command, comprising the Tenth, Eleventh, and Fifteenth Regiments West Virginia Volunteers, was encamped at Chaf- fins farm, on the north side of James River and in front of Richmond, Va. Everything remained quiet, and deserters coming into our lines daily. March 25.The command broke camp and marched to Long Bridge, on the Chickahominy River, returning next day to Deep Bottom, Va. March 28.Marched acrossthe James River, and continued the march, via Point of Rocks, to the Appomattox River, crossing that stream; thence marched in rear of the defenses of Petersburg, passing the head- quarters of General Meade. March 29.Arrived at Humphreys Station, on the City Point Rail- road, in the morning Page 136 136 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. March 30.Marched in the morning, in conjunction with the remain- der of the Twenty-fourth Corps and Second Corps, crossing hatchers Run, where the command formed line of battle and advanced, skirmish- ing and driving the enemy. The rain fell heavily all day, somewhat impeding the movements of the troops. At evening the command intrenched themselves. March 31.In the morning the enemy opened a brisk musketry fire on our men, and finally charged our skirmish line, but were repulsed, with loss on their side. Somewhat later in the morning, General Harris, in command of the brigade, with the Eleventh iRegiinent West Virginia Volunteers, of his command, charged the enemys intrenched skirmish line and carried the position handsomely, with a number of prisoners, with very little loss on our side. Heavy skirmishing was kept np con- tinually, but no general engagement has taken place up to the cud of the mouth. The losses of this command during the last two days end- ing the month is 3 killed, 51 wounded, and 3 missing. The whole dis- tance marched by the command for the month is seventy miles. At the end of the month the command is still fighting the enemy, with every prospect of success. The enemys force is protected by formida- ble earth-works, with a dense slashing of felled timber in our immedi- ate front. The number of prisoners captured by the command is nearly 100. April 1.The command, comprising the Tenth, Eleventh, and Fif- teenth West Virginia Volunteers, were engaged skirmishing with the enemy on Hatchers Run, to the left and front of Petersburg. Same night the Sixth Army Corps penetrated the enemys works in front of Petersburg, Va., causing him to abandon the works in our immediate front on the morning of the 2d. April 2.The command, finding the enemy retreating, rushed forward on the works, capturing many prisoners, 1 battle-flag, and 2 cannon; then, in conjunction with the rest of the division, moved to the right and engaged the enemy in their forts. This command assaulted Fort Whitworth, capturing it, with little loss, the greater part of the garrison making good their escape; however, we captured 1 colonel, 2 captains, and 65 men, with a slight loss in killed and wounded. The command bivouacked for the night. April 3.The enemy had withdrawn when our forces occupied Peters- burg, Va. The command, in conjunction with the rest of the Independ- ent Division, took up its line of march in pursuit of the enemy, march. ing to the left and parallel with the South Side Railroad, via Poplar Grove Statiomi, WelIville, and Burkeville Junction; thence parallel with the Lynchburg and Danville Railroad, skirmishing some with the enemy at Rices Station, and pursued him toward Appomattox Station, the point where General Sheridans cavalry held him in cheek. April 9.Arrived there in the morning, when the command were hurried forward on the double-quick. Engaged the enemy and drove him from his position, and gained a decided advantage over him. At this time, however, it was unofficially announced to the troops that Gen- eral Lee, commanding the Army of Northern Virginia, surrendered unconditionally to Lieutenant-General Grant, commanding lIT. S. Army. Hostilities ceased at once, and both armies lay within plain view of each other until the terms of surrender were adjusted. The rebel army were paroled and allowed to return to their homes unmolested and remaimm until exchanged. The command then went into camp, and remained until the 12th of the month Page 137 CiiiP. LViTh] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 137 April 12.It marched to Lynchburg, Ya. The rebels at that place destroyed nearly all their artillery, but left a large quantity of provision s, which was distributed to the citizens of the tow it and vicinity. April 15.The command returned from Lynclbnrg, marching, via Concord and Appomattox Depots, to Farmville; thence to Burkeville Junctmn. April 19.Arrived at latter J)Iace in the morning. April 22.Broke camp and marched parallel with the Richmond and Danville Railroad, via Amelia Court-house. April 25.Arrived and marched through Richmond, and were received by the Third Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps, General Devens. The command proceeded about two miles outside the city and went into camp, where it remains at the end of the mouth, the whole distance marched by the command for the month of April being 259 miles. The entire loss of the command in the different engagements during the mouth of April was 5 killed and 54 wounded. The whole number of prisoners captured during the month, 6 officers and 100 men, together with 1 battle-flag and 2 pieces of artillery. Artillery Brigade. BATTERY F~ FIRST RIIODE ISLAND ARTILLERY. April 3.Broke camp near Chaffins farm, Va.; moved to the city of Richmond; encamped in the suburbs. BATTERY E, THIRD NEW YORK ARTILLERY. [April.]Remained in position at Camp Holly. BATTERY H~ THIRD NEW YORK ARTILLERY. [April 3.]Broke camp on New Market road; arrived at and en- camped in the northern suburbs of the city same (lay. April 14.Moved camp to west side of the city, where it is at pres- ent date [April 30]. BATTERY K, THIRD NEW YORK ARTILLERY. April 3.Broke camp on New Market road; moved to the northeast- ern suburbs of the city, where they are encamped. BATTERY M~ THIRD NEW YORK ARTILLERY. April 3.Broke camp near Deep Bottom, Va., and advanced to Rich- mond, where it encamped in the northeastermi suburbs. SEVENTH NEW YORK BATTERY. [April.] Remained on Bermuda front (luring the month. SEVENTEENTH NEW YORK BATTERY. March 26.Broke camp at Signal Hill, ~Ta., nioving with tIme Twenty- fourth Army Corps. March 29.Reached Hatchers Iluti Page 138 138 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. April 2.Engaged and moved to the rear of 1~etersburg. April 3.Marched toward Burkeville. April 5.Arrived there. April G.Left l3urkeville; en gaged near Rices Station. April 7.Moved toward Appomattox Court-House. April 9.Arrived there. April 17.Left Appomattox Court-House. April 25.Arrived at Richmond, where it went into camp near head- quarters Twenty-fourth Army Corps. BATTERY A~ FIRST PENNSYLVANIA ARTILLERY. April 3.Broke camp near Chaffins farm, Va., and moved to the suburbs of the city of Richmond, where it citeamped. April 27.Moved to Manchester, Va., where it is at present date [April 30]. BATTERY B~ FIRST U. S. ARTILLERY. April 2.Left Hatchers Run and advanced to Petersburg with First 1)ivision, Twenty-fourth Army Corps; was placed in 1)ositiOlI on skirmish line. April 3 to 5.Followed the enemy on line of South Side Railroad. April G.Engaged him at Rices Station, Va. April 7 and ~.Jn l)uLSuit of the enemy. April 9.Engaged hin~ Appomattox Court-House. The engage- ment ended in the surrender of Lees army. April 21.Arrived at Richmond, Va., and encaml)ed near head- (~uarters Twenty-fourth Army Corps. BATTERY L~ FOURTh U. S. ARTILLERY. [April.]Remained at Signal Hill, Va., during the iimonth. BATTERY A, FIFTH U. S. ARTILLERY. March 27.Broke camp on New Market road; moved with Twenty- fourth Army Corps. Jlta rch 29.Reached Hatchers Run. April 2.Moved to rear of i~etersbnrg. April 3.Moved toward Burkeville. April 5.Arrived there. April (ALeft Burkeville; arrived at Rices Station same day. Ap-il 7.Left Rices Station. April 9.Was engaged at Appomattox Court-house. April 17.Left Appomattox Court-House. April 25.Arrived at Richmond; enc aLuped near headquarters Twenty-fourth Army Corps. BATTERY F~ FIFTII U. S. ARTILLERY. April 3.Broke camp on New Market road; marched to Richmond, Va.; encamped on hunts Hill. April 7.Changed camp to Oakwood Cenmetery, where it is at present date [April 30] Page 139 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 139 TWENTY-FIFTH ARMY CORPS. [January.]Since last return the following changes have been made in the organization of the corps: The number of the First Division is now Third, and the Third changed to the First Division, by virtue of General Orders, No. 8, from these headquarters, dated December 31, 1864. The Forty-first U. S. Colored Troops taken from Second Brigade, First Division, and placed in First Brigade, Second Division; the One hundred and seventeenth U. S. Colored Troops taken from First Bri- gade, Second Division, and placed in Second Brigade, First Division, by virtue of General Orders, No. 2, from these headquarters, dated Jan- nary 2, 1865. The One hundred and fifteenth U. S. Colored Troops has been added to the corps, according to instructions from department headquarters, and assigned to the Second Division. During the month Brig. Gen. C. A. Heckman has been in command, Major-General Weit- zel being absent with leave. A portion of the Third Division, com- manded by Brig. Gen. C. J. Paine, forms a part of the expeditionary force that sailed from Fort Monroe, Va., January 6, under command of Brevet Major-General Terry. No official report of its operations has as yet been received. The remaining troops of the corps have participated in no general engagements during the month. January 23 and 24.The command was got under arms early in the morning, anticipating a move on the part of the enemy. All remained quiet, however, during the 23d. January 24.In the morning the enemys rams came down the James River. They were fired upon from our batteries, to which they briskly replied. In the evening of the same day they were successful in returning. The Second Division occupies Fort Burnham and a portion of the line in front of Richmond. The left of the line held by this division was severely bombarded, January 24, resulting in four casualties. [February.]Nothing worthy of special note has occurred during the month. The corps holds the same line at Chaffins farm, Va., as per last return. The Third Division remains in the Department of North Carolina. The First and Second Divisions have drilled each day. [March.]The corps holds the same position (at Chaffins farm, Va.) as p~r last return. No changes of special note have occurred except that March 27.The Second Division, commanded by Brig. Gen. William Birney, moved to re-enforce the Army of the Potomac, near Hatchers Run. [April.]March 27, the Second Division moved to re-enforce the Army of the Potomac. April 17, it rejoined the corps near Petersburg. April 3.That portion of the corps (First Division and Artillery Brigade) remaining at Chaffins farm, Va., moved upon the evacuation of Richmond and took possession of the city, where it remained until the 13th instant, performing in and around the city the usual guard and fatigue duties. April 13.Moved to South Side Railroad, about three miles from Petersburg, and have remained at this station to the end of the month. [June.]May 25 to June 17, the corps embarked in ocean transports at City Point as rapidly as transports could be furnished. June 7.The headquarters of the corps embarked and proceeded toward Texas; put into Mobile Bay, Ala., to receive orders from the major-general commanding Military Division of the Gulf, a~ to coal and water, if possible; coal could not be obtained Page 140 140 N. AND SE. VA., N. 0., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. June 16.Arrived at New Orleans, La., and coaled; then proceeded to Brazos Santiago, Tex. June 21.Arrived there. The Second Division had previously arrived in Texas; the headquarters of the division and the Second Brigade stationed at Brazos; Third Brigade at Whites Ranch; First Brigade had received orders to garrison Indianola. June 2G.First Division arrived at Brazos, and was ordered to Brownsville, Tex., but owing to the rise of water in the Rio Grande overflowing the low country, it could not reach that place. It is encamped at Whites Ranch awaiting the fall of water, as river trans- portation cannot be furnished. The cavalry and unattached infantry brigade have not arrived; only Battery B, Second U. S. Colored Light Artillery, has as yet arrived. First Division. [January.]T his divisions number was changed from Third Division to First Division in accordance with General Orders, No. 8, headquar- ters Twenty-fifth Army Corps, December 31, 1864. Nothing of impor- tance transpired during the month. [February.]No change during the month worthy of note. First Brigade, First Division. [May.]The brigade remained quiet in camp of instruction during the mouth with the exception of the last two days. Miay 30.It embarked on transports bound for Texas. [June.]May 30 to June 22, the brigade was upon transports bound for Texas. On the latter date they disembarked at Brazos Santiago, Tex., and marched ten miles toward Brownsville, halting at Whites Ranch, on the banks of the Rio Grande, where it remained four days. June 27.Marched ten miles farther through mud and [water] waist deep, occasioned by the overflow of the Rio Grande. June 28.Marched ten miles farther and encamped within six miles of Brownsville, where we remained one day. June 30.Marched to Brownsville in the morning. The brigade is now [June 30] encamped close to the town, and is engaged in laying out camp and getting into shape for drills, & c. Second Brigade, First Division. [February.]This brigade has been in camp in the trenches all the month in same place as last month until the 25th xv three quartets of a mile to the rear in reserve, hen it was moved except the One hundred and seventeenth U. S. Colored Troops, which still remains in the defenses near Fort Burnham. Third Brigade, First Division. [January.]The brigade remained during the month in the same ~0 ition as at the close of the last month. [Febrnary.]The brigade remains in the same position as at the close of January, and has taken part in no important movement Page 141 CHAP. LVIII.] 141 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. Second Division. [February.]Since last month this command has remained in camp near Chaffins farm, Va. The positions of the Second and Third Bri- gades have been changed. The division now occnpies the entire front of the Twenty-fifth Army Corps. March 25.This division marched from th~ works near Fort Burn- ham, on the north side of the James River. March 27.At night crossed James River at Aikens Landing and Appomattox River at Broadway Landing. March 29.Took position near Hatchers Run, southwest of Peters- burg about six miles, remaining in that position until the 31st instant. April 1.Remained in line of works near Hatchers Run. April 2.In the morning advanced and took possession of the enemys line, they evacuating; immediately marched toward Petersburg; passed through the city and along the Cox road in pursuit of the enemy, con- tinuing the march until the 10th instant. April 10.Orders were received to return to Petersburg. April 11.Commenced the return march in the morning. April 17.Reached the outskirts of the city, and have since then remained in camp near the city. May 2G.The troops broke camp at Camp Lincoln, Va., and marched for City Point. The same day embarked and sailed for Hampton Roads, arriving at that place about 1 p. m. Lay at anchor in the Roads tifi 10.30 a. m. May 31. May 31.Weighing anchor, proceeded to sea, bound for Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, Ala. Weather calm and clear. June 8.Fleet put into Mobile Bay for the purpose of coaling and watering. June 10.Weighed anchor. June 13.Arrived off the coast of Texas, the First Brigade landing at Indianola, and the Second and Third Brigades at Brazos Santiago. June 24.The Third Brigade moved to Whites Ranch, on the Rio Grande. First Brigade, Second Division. [January.]Remaiued in camp during the month near Fort Burn- ham, Va. [February.]Remained in camp, near Fort Buruham, during the month. [March.]Marched from the works on the north side of James River near Fort Buruham to south side of said river near Hatchers Run. The One hundred and fifteenth U. S. Colored Troops remained in camp near Fort Buruham April 1.The brigade remained in the works near Hatchers Run. April 2.In the morning advanced and took possession of the enemys works, they evacuating. Immediately pushed into Peters- burg, arriving there at noon, and took up position on the right of division. April 3.Shortly after daylight took possession of the city and marched out on the Cox road, halting at night.. April 4.Resumed the march in the morning, and at noon received orders to move back to a place called Sutherlands; remained there until the afternoon of the 5th. April 5.In the afternoon we were relieved and started to rejoin the division Page 142 142 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. April 10.Joined the division near Appomattox Court-House. April 11.Started back to Petersburg. April 17.Arrived there, and since that time have remained in camp near that city. (See report appended.#) May 7.Brigade marched from Petersbftrg, Va., to vicinity of City Point, Va., where it remained in camp, employed in drilling, & c., until the 25th. May 25.It embarked on transports and proceeded to Hampton Roads, Va. [June.]May 26, the brigade sailed from Hampton Roads, with orders to rendezvous at Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay. June 7 and 8.It arrived there. June 9.Received orders to proceed to Indianola, Tex., via the Southwest Pass, Mississippi River. June 12.Anchored off the bar, but were unable to disembark on account of the wind blowing so violently, causing a very heavy sea to break upon the bar. June 17.Coal and water being nearly exhausted, were obliged to return to Southwest Pass. June 19.We again arrived there, and upon being supplied with coal and water, returned. June 25.Arrived off the bar the second time; disembarked Sunday, and are now [June 30] garrisoning the city of Indianola, Tex. Second Brigade, Second Division. March 27.The brigade marched from Fort Buruham. March 29.Arrived at Hatchers Run. March 30 and 31.It participated in the operations against the enemys lines. April 1.The brigade was all day in line of battle iu front of the enemy near Hatchers Run. April 2.Marched inside the enemys works to near Petersburg, and in the afternoon was engaged. April 3.Entered Petersburg before day, being the first Union troops in. Marched nine miles westerly on the Cox road. April 4.Marched to Wilsons Station. April 5.Marched to Blacks and Whites. April 6.Marched through Burkeville to within seven miles of Farm- ville, and bivouacked near the enemy. April 7.Marched to Farmville, where Brigadier-General Birney was relieved from the command of the division, and the brigade was ordered to report to Brig. Gen. R. S. Foster, commauding First Division, Twenty-fourth Corps. April 8.Marched till midnight, having traveled thirty miles. April 9.Marched at 3 a. m. to the Lynchburg road west of aud near Appomattox Court-House. At 7 a. m. engaged the enemy, who was driving our cavalry; stopped him and drove him some distance. April 10.Reported to Bvt. Brig. Gen. R. H. Jackson, assigned to command the Second Division, Twenty-fifth Army Corps. April 11.Marched for Petersburg. April 17.Reached our camp-ground west of the town. June 18.Arrived at Brazos Santiago, Tex., and have been here ever since. * Page 1234 Page 143 CEAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 143 Third Brigade, Se~ond Division. [February.]The camp of this brigade has been changed from their position to the rear and right of Fort Burnham to the line of breast- works between Batteries Nos. 3 and 5. Twenty-eighth U. S. Colored Troops are at City Point on detached service. [April.]This brigade took part in the campaign with the forces oper- ating against the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Lee. April 9.The capitulation having been consummated at Appomat- tox Court-House, the command returned to Petersburg. April 17.Arrived there at night. The troops were frequently exposed to the enemys shell, but they being so inaccurate the casual- ties were light. The long and fatiguing march was borne with patience and fortitude creditable to old soldiers, and should forever put to an end any doubt as to whether colored troops can stand a campaign, however severe it may be. May 25.In compliance with orders, dated headquarters Second Division, Twenty-fifth Army Corps, May 24, the Third Brigade marched from Camp Lincoln, Va., to City Point, Va., where the troops were embarked on the following steamers, viz, Wilmington, William Kennedy, Nightingale, Prometheus, and Montank, and the same day proceeded to Hampton Roads, Va. May 26.They arrived and anchored in the roads in the morning. May 31.Received orders, dated headquarters Second Division, Twenty-fifth Army Corps, May 30, to proceed to the vicinity of Fort Gaines or Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, and there await further orders. Put to sea at 10 a. in.; passed Cape Henry light at 1~ m. same day. June 9.The brigade arrived off Fort Morgan, Ala.; same date put to sea for Brazos Santiago, Tex., via the mouth of the Mississippi River. June 13.Came to anchor outside the bar at Brazos Santiago. June 15.Ordered to Aransas Pass, Tex., and put to sea for that place. June 16.Arrived off Aransas Bar; strong gales from the southeast; seven feet of water on the bar, rendering it impossible to disembark the troops. The fleet being short of coal and water, was obliged to proceed to Galveston, Tex., the nearest point, for supplies. June 18.Arrived off Galveston Bar. June 19.Went into the wharf; took in supplies of coal and water. June 21.Put to sea. June 22.Arrived at Brazos Santiago. June 24.In the morning all the troops were disembarked, and on the night of the same date marched to present encampment at Whites Ranch, on the Rio Grande River, Tex. Third Division. [January.] T he number of the division was changed from First to Third per General Orders, No.8, headquarters Twenty-fifth Army Corps, December 31 1864. The One hundred and seventh [U. S. Colored] Regiment was transferred from the Third to the First and the Twenty- seventh [U. S. Colored] from the First to Third Brigade by General Orders, No. 5, headquarters First Division, Twenty-fifth Army Corps, December 31,1864 Page 144 144 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYJIT. January 3.Division headquarters, the Second Brigade (with the Thirtieth r IIJ. S. Colored] Regiment temporarily attached), the Third Bri- gade (with the First [U. S. Colored] Regiment temporarily attached), left camp on the north side of the James and proceeded to Bermuda Landing. January 4.Embarked on transports. January 5.Sailed on the second expedition for F~rt Fisher. January 12.Arrived off Fort Fisher at night. January 13.Disembarked and constructed a line of intrenchments across the peninsula facing Wilmington. January 15.The division held this line during the assault upon Fort Fisher by General Ames division. First Brigade, Third Division. [January.]During the month the First and Thirtieth U. S. Colored Troops, of this command, have been on detached service in the Wil- mington expedition. The remainder of the brigade has been in the defenses before Richmond. [February.]Dnring the month the First and Thirtieth Regiments, of this brigade, have been engaged in the operations around Wilmington. February 20.The remainder of the command embarked on trans- ports for Fort Fisher. Second Brigade, Third Division. January 3.The brigade left camp at Chaffins farm, Va. January 4.Embarked on transports at Bermuda Landing at night. January 13.Landed near Fort Fisher, N. C.; constructed and occu- pied the center of the north line of defenses. January 18.The brigade made a reconnaissance to Sugar Loaf. January 19.Made another [reconnaissance]. Lient. Col. C. J. Wright, Thirty-ninth U. S. Colored Troops, was wounded; also Capt. N. J. llotchkiss, Sixth U. S. Colored Troops. January 21.Captain llotchkiss died at Fort Fisher. Cavalry Brigade. May 14.The Cavalry Brigade was organized by virtue of Special Orders, No. 130, paragraphs V and VI, headquarters Twenty-fifth Army Corps, May 14, 1865, at Camp Lincoln, Va., but consisting of only two regiments, viz, the First and Second U. S. Colored Cavalry Regiments. May 30.The Fifth Massachusetts Colored Cavalry was assigned to the brigade by virtne of Special Orders, ~o. 146, head quarters Twenty- fifth Army Corps, (lated May 30, 1865. June 10,11, and 12.The cavalry brigade embarked on ocean steamers at City Point, Va. June 13.Arrived at Fort Monroe. June 16.Sailed from Hampton Roads. Fleet comprising brigade consisting of five vessels, steamers General McClellan, Meteor, Ash- land, II. S. Hagan, and Dudley Buck. Touched at Fort Morgan fbr orders; thence to South West Pass, Mississippi River, for coal amid water. June 28.Sailed br Brazos Santiago, Tex., arriving at anchor the p. m. of the 30th Page 145 Ca& p. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN~ 145 Artillery Brigade. June 1 to 7.The brigade embarked at City Point at different periods between these datesBattery B, Second U. S. Colored Artillery, on the steamer Suwanee; Battery D, First U. S. Artillery, and Battery D, Fourth U. S. Artillery, on the Neptune; and Battery M, First U. S. Artillery, on the steamers Rappahannock and Beaufort. The vessels sailed separately as soon as they were loaded and ready for sea, the last steamer leaving City Point on the 7th instant. The fleet rendezvoused at Mobile, and from there proceeded to New Orleans, La., for coal and water. U. S. FORCES AT FORT FISHER, N. C. January 3.The command moved from the camps of the Army of the James. in front of Richmond, Va., to Bermuda Hundred, embark- ing at that point on the day following for Fort Monroe. January 6.Left Fort Monroe for Beaufort, N. C., arriving at that point, after a stormy passage, on the 8th. January 12.Left Beaufort for Federal Point, N. C. January 13.Disembarked on the beach five miles above Fort Fisher. January 15.Assaulted and captured Fort Fisher, with its entire garrison of over 2,200 men, after a heavy bombardment from the fleet, the Second Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps, Bvt. Maj. Gen. A. Ames commanding, making the assault, supported by the Second Brigade, First Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps, the Third Divis- ion, Twenty-fifth Army Corps, holding a defensive position two miles and a half from the fort against the anticipated attack of Hokes divis- ion of the rebel army, which ended in a mere demonstration. January 1G.The forts at the west entrance of Cape Fear River (abandoned by the enemy) were occupied by the navy, and soon after garrisoned by a portion of this command. The remainder of the month was occupied in repairs of Fort Fisher and building wharves for landing stores, an occasional reconnaissance proving Ilokes division to be intrenched in a strong position at Sugar Loaf Hill, where it remained at the close of the month. FERREROS DIVISION. April 2.In the morning, in accordance with instructions from Major- General Hartsnff, commanding Defenses of Bermuda Hundred, a bat- talion of the Tenth New York Artillery attacked the enemys line, and succeeded in carrying it and holding the same until the object of the reconnaissance (which was to ascertain whether the enemy had with- drawn troops from Bermuda front) had been accomplished, when it fell back to its original position. April 4.The division moved to Petersburg, Va., since which time the division has been doing duty as provost guard and picketing the approaches to the city. First Brigade, Ferreros Division. April 3.This brigade (which was reported on last monthly return as First Brigade, Infantry Division, Defenses of Bermuda Hundred., Va.), early in the morning, after having sent out reconnoitering parties, who reported that the enemy had evidently just evacuated his works on our front advanced across the enemys line and proceeded onward 10 H HVOL XLVI~ PT Page 146 146 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CH.& P.LVIIL in the direction of Chesterfield Court-House, Va., capturing scattered parties of rebel soldiers and a band belonging to a brigade of Mahones division, and receiving numbers of deserters who delivered themselves up, all of whom were turned over to the division provost-marshal. No large force of the enemy was met with. A halt was made at Chester- field Station, on the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad. April 4.A detachment, under charge of Lieutenants Michener and Haines, of General McKibbins staff; was sent forward to the vicinity of the coal-fields, where three locomotives and a quantity of cars were captured and brought safely to Petersburg. April 5.The division of which the brigade forms a part marched to Petersburg, Va., via Broadway Landing, and since that period the bri- gade has been stationed in the defenses of that city and guarding the approaches thereto. By order, the designation First Brigade, Infantry Division, & c., was changed to First Brigade, Ferrero~s Division, & c. U. S. FORCES, CITY POINT, VA. April 2.The Tenth and Twenty-eighth U. S. C6lored Troops marched from Fort Harrison to Bermuda Hundred. April 3.In the morning marched back and took up line of march for Richmond, where they arrived at 9 a. m. Remained there until evening of the 6th, when they were ordered, with their command, to assume command of City Point, Va. May.Nothing of any event occurred at this post during the month. SUB-DISTRICT OF THE APPOMATTOX. April 30.Marched through Mecklenburg to Mill Grove; crossed the Meherrin, and bivouacked after dark. ilfay 1.Moved at 6 a in.; marched through Lunenburg Court-House, thence, via Lunenburg plank road, across the Nottoway, bivouacking at 5 p. m. May 2.Marched at 6 a. in., via Blacks and Whites, to near Five Forks; bivouacked at 5.30 p. m. May 3.Moved at 6 a. in.; in arched through Petersburg, across the Appomattox, and went into camp near Ettricks about 5 p. in. Distance marched during the month, seventy-five miles. General Smith was assigned to the command of the Sub-District of the Appomattox by Special Orders, No. 135, Department of Virginia, and the brigade was assigned for duty in the said sub-district by General Orders, No. 1, headquarters District of the Nottoway. May 21.Sent detachment First Maine Cavalry, under command of Capt. H. C. Hall, to Chesterfield Court-House; also detachment of Thirteenth Ohio Cavalry to Amelia Court-House, under command of Lient. Col. S. R. Clark; also detachment of same regiment, under command of Capt. R. C. Campbell, to Powhatan Court-House; also detachment Second New York Mounted Rifles, under command of Lieut. Col. J. H. Wood, to Buckingham Court-House; also detach- ment same regiment, under command of Capt. J. C. Terry, to Cumber- land Court-House. The several commanding officers were appointed provost-marshals in their respective counties, and continued to do provost duty to the end of the month. June.The duties of this command during the month: Doing provost duty in the several counties composing the sub-district Page 147 Ca~p. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 147 MILITARY DISTRICT OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ]lIay 1.Left Moseleys Ferry and marched toward Blacks and Whites; moved to within two miles and camped. May 2.Moved toward Petersburg, Va., on the Red Oak road; camped. May 3.Moved into and through Petersburg; crossed Appomattox River, and went into camp. May 4 to 8.In camp. May 9.Moved througli Petersburg, on the Cox road, to Fords Sta- tion ; camped. May 10.Marched to Nottoway Station; camped. May 11.Marched via Burkeville and drew forage and rations; camped. May 12.Marched through Prince Edward Court-House; camped at Pamplins Station. May 13.Marched to Concord. May 14.Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry was sent to Lynchburg. May 16.Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry sent to Appomattox Court-House. May 17.The headquarters and Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry moved to Lynchburg, Va. May 19.Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry moved to Lynchburg; the command encamped near fair ground. May 22.Twenty-first Pennsylvania moved to Lynchburg from Appo- mattox Court-House. Details of the command performing duty as provost guard in the following [counties] of the district: Appomattox, Campbell, Amherst, Bedford, Nelson and Franklin. May 30.Two hundred and sixth ~Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Col. H. J. Brady, reported for duty, by authority of Special Orders, No. 138, dated headquarters Department of Virginia, May 22, 1865. The command is performing guard duty iii the city Lynchburg. Twelfth New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry and detachment Twen- tieth New York Cavalry, under command of Lieut. Col. T. B. Barker, with headquarters at Danville, Va., are performing duty at that place and in the following-named counties: Patrick, Henry, and Pittsyl- vania. [June.]Command in camp, garrisoning city of Lynchburg and the counties comprising the Military District of Lynchburg. CAVALRY DIVISION. March 1 to 28.This division lay in camp before Richmond, engaged in picketing, scouting, and performing the various duties incident to a cavalry command while in the presence of but not engaging with, the enemy. March 28.Left camp. March 29.Bivouacked in the morning near Varina Station, on the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad, continuing the march after a short rest to Humphreys Station; halted till night and again marched to the crossing of Rowanty River, in the vicinity of Reams Station, where it has since been engaged as guard to the trains of the Army of the Potomac. Bvt. Maj. Gen. A. V. Kantz, commanding the divisioi~, was relieved on the 20th by Special Orders, No. 79, headquarters Department o Page 148 148 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. Virginia, and was succeeded by Brig. Gen. 11. S. Mackenzie, U. S. Volunteers, who was assigned to the command by Special Orders, No. 79, headquarters Department of Virginia, March 20, 1865. The First New York Mounted Rifles was detached from this command by orders fiom headquarters Department of Virginia, dated March 23, 1865. The Fourth Wisconsiu Battery was also temporarily detached from the command March 28, 1865. In consequence of this reduction the command was on the 28th, previ- ons to leaving for the field, consolidated into two brigades, the Third Brigade, Col. A. W. Evans, being merged with the Second Brigade of this division, under the command of Col. S. P. Spear, Eleventh Penn- sylvania Cavalry. Second Brigade, Cavalry Division. January.The brigade has been engaged during the month in per- forming picket duty, scouting, drilling, and officers recitations. No change in the headquarters of brigade or regiments. February.The brigade has been engaged during the month in per- forming picket duty, scouting, drilling, and officers recitations. No change in the headquarters of brigade or regiments. CAVALRY BRIGADE. April 1.The command left the vicinity of Reams Station, Va., where it had been on duty as guard to the wagon trains of the Army of the Potomac. Proceeded to Dinwiddie Court-House and reported to Major. General Sheridan. April 3.The command moved to Appomattox at two points, the lower at Leonards Mills, the other three miles higher up the stream, picking np 300 prisoners and taking 4 guns. April 4.The command crossed Deep Creek after a sharp skirmish. April 6, 7, and 8.It moved through Jetersville, Burkeville, and Prince Edward Court-House to Appoinattox Station, skirmishing con- siderably on the road. April 12.After the surrender of General Lees army, the command wa~ ordered to Lynchburg, Va., where it remained until the 16th instant, engaged in paroling prisoners and destroying munitions of war. April 16.Th8 command moved, via Burkeville and Goodes Bridge, to Richmond, Va., where it arrived on the 24th instant, going into camp on the Mechanicsville road, where it has since reiiiained. [May.]This brigade has remained in camp on the Meclianicsville road, about three miles north of Richmond, Va., during the entire month. It has been engaged in performing the ordinary routine of camp duties, in furnishing patrolling parties and guards to different parts of the adjoining country. The Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry was detached and ordered to Charlottesville, Va., on the 5th instant, but still remains nuder the orders of the brigade commander. The Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry was assigned to this brigade on the 23d instant by Special Orders, No. 139, extract 4, headquarters Depart- ment of Virginia. [June.]The brigade has remained in camp about three miles south of Richmond during the month. It has beeii engaged in performing tIme ordinary routine of camp duties and in furnishing patrolling parties and guards to different parts of the adjoining country. The Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry is on detached service at Charlottesville, Va., and the Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry on detached service in Henrico County Page 149 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 149 No. 5. Reports of illliaj. Gem. George G. ]IJieade, U. k. Army, commanding Army of the Potomac, of operations February 57 and March 25. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Crossing of Hatchers Run by Vaughan Road, February 5, 18652.30 p. m. (Sent 3 p. in.) Humphreys was in position at this point and Armstrongs Mill by 10 a. in., crossing at both places with but little opposition, taking nine prisoners, all of Pegrams division. He is now getting in position and pnshing out the Vaughan road to communicate with Warren. Warren reports at 1 p. in. that he has crossed most of his infantry, but he has to build a bridge of sixty feet ii length to cross artillery and trains; will be over by 3 p. in. Nothing has been heard from Gregg. From the reports of prisoners, I am led to believe the enemy may attempt to inter- pose between Warren and Huinphreys. To keep open this cominurii- cation of four miles, I have ordered up Parkes reserve division, and have directed the available troops in the City Point lines to replace them with Parke. Warren reports taking thirty prisoners when cross- ing the run. I can hear nothing of the enemys cavalry, and the prisoners here know nothing of any troops, cavalry or infantry, going south. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General. Lieutenant-General GRANT. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Vaughan Road and Hatchers Run, [February 5, 186516.45 p. m. (Sent 7.10 p. in.) The enemy at 5.15 attacked General Humphreys right, and have been engaging him till this inomen t. General Huinphreys has repulsed all their attacks. I have ordered up to his support not only a division from the Ninth Corps, but one from the Sixth Corps. General Warren is in position at Hargraves, about three miles and a half from here; has met no enemy. General Gregg reports that having occupied Din- widdie Court-House, and hearing nothing of any trains or the enemy, had returned to the crossing of Hatchers Run by the Malone road. I have sent orders to General Gregg to return to General Warren and report to that officer~ unless you send other orders for him. I think the enemy are trying to turn Humphreys right and cut our communi- cations with our line of works. Besides Pegrams and Gordons divis- ions, deserters report the movement to their right of Heth and Mahone. I shall leave Humphreys and Warren in their present positions, with directions to support each other. I do not think the cavalry will do anything in the way of destroying trains. I shall await your instruc- tions. It is estimated Humphreys losses in wounded may amount to 300. Please acknowledge at once. GEG. G. MEADE, Major. General. Lieutenant-General GRANT Page 150 150 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII hEADQUARTERS ARMY OF TILE POTOMAC, Crossing of Hatchers Run by Vaughan Road, February 5, 18658 p. rn. (Sent 8.22 p. in.) I have withdrawn Warren and the cavalry to this point, directing two divisions to remain on the other side of the run, one to cross to this side as a reserve for contingencies. Humphreys is instructed to await developments, and to attack, if advantageous, and drive the enemy into their works. The enemy have a strong line of works pass- ing through the Clements house; this house is the place where the shot fell near us on the last moveinentthat is to say, since then the enemy have advanced their line. Unless we can carry this line, we can hardly reach the Boydton plank road or South Side Railroad without a flank movement considerably to the left. I presume it was to stop this they attacked Humphreys right. GEO. G. MEADE, Lieutenant-General GRANT. Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, February 5, 18659.80 p. m. (Sent 10 p. in.) Orders have been sent to Gregg to procee(l to Belfield, provided he finds on reaching Dinwiddie Court-House any confirmation of the con- trabands report, or obtains any reliable intelligence leading him to believe he can effect anything there. The depot is, however, undoubt- edly at llicksford, across the Meherrin, and is guarded by artillery, as it was when Warren was there. We also believe that W. H. F. Lees division of cavalry is in that vicinity. Gregg goes without artillery. GEG. G. MEADE, Lieutenant-General GRANT. Major. General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, February 5, 186510 p. m. I send a dispatch from General Gregg, received on my arrival just now. A staff officer who carried- my last dispatch to General Warren reports that, on leaving, three squadrons of Greggs cavalry came in to Warren, saying the enemys cavalry had attacked Greggs rear guard and cut them off. I am a little apprehensive of the enemys cavalry interposing between Gregg and Warren, and preventing the latter using the road he advanced on to withdraw his artillery and trains. I have, however, sent orders to Gregg to open this road, if possible, and escort back Warrens trains. GEG. G. MEADE, Lieutenant-General GRANT. Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC February 5, 186510.30 p. in. (Sent 11.15 p. in.) GENERAL: I moved out this morning on the Vaughan road the Second Corps to the crossing of Hatchers Run; on the road from Reams Station to Dinwiddie Court-House, the Fifth Corps; and on Page 151 CHAP. LVIII.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 151 road crossing Hatchers Run still lower down, the cavalry division under General Gregg. General Gregg was ordered to move to Diii- widdie Court-House, and to move up and down the Boydton road to intercept and capture the enemys trains, and was further ordered to determine whether or not he could in any way inflict damage upon the enemy. General Warren was to support General Gregg; General Humphreys, to support General Warren. All other available troops of this army were to be held ready to move at short notice. The dif- ferent commands reached their post in due season, but it was found difficult to open communication between Generals Humphreys and Warren along the Vaughan road. General Gregg proceeded to Din- widdie Court-House, and moved up and down the Vaughan road and captured some 18 wagons and 50 prisoners, including 1 colonel. Find- ing that the Boydton road was but little used since the destruction of the bridges on that road and on the Weldon railroad, he returiied to Malones Bridge, on Hatchers Hun. At 4.15 p. m. the enemy, with what was reported to be Hills corps and Gordons and Pegrams divis- ions, attacked Humphreys. They were handsomely repulsed, with a loss to Humphreys of 300. Since this force had attacked Ilumphreys right, consisting of but one division entire and one brigade, it became necessary to send for men enough to hold our communications with our rear line. One division of the Ninth and one division of the Sixth Corps were therefore ordered to re-enforce Humphreys. Warren, with the cavalry, has been ordered to connect with his left and to report to him. Iii the morning, if J find that this force of the enemy is outside of his works, I shall attack and drive him into them, taking advantage of anything disclosed by the operation. During the day it is estimated that we have taken 100 prisoners. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General. Lient. Gen. 15. S. GRANT, City Point. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Tebruary 6, 18651 a. rn. (Sent 1.15 a. in.) I have just received intelligence that my aide, Captain Jay, taking orders to General Gregg, met the enemy in force where the Malone road leaves the Halifax road. Jay was fired on, and is missing, but his escort escaped. This is undoubtedly the enemys cavalry come up from Stony Creek. They are now in Greggs rear, on the road he took, and only one mile and a half from him if he is at Malones Bridge. I have sent this information to Warren, with directions to make every effort to communicate it to Gregg, and have instructed Warren to send a division to cover our rear on the Weldon railroad, as the cavalry may advance that way to-morrow morning. If Gregg gets my orders to rejoin Warren through that officer, he can be withdrawn on the Vaughan road; but if Warrens staff officer meets the fate of Captain Jay, Greggs position will be precarious, as the enemys cavalry will be in his rear, and their infantry, on Warrens withdrawal, now taking place, will interpose between him and the Vaughan road. I am in hopes Warrens artillery and trains, ordered back on the road he took, will get in safely. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General. Lieutenant-General GRANT Page 152 152 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIIL HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, February 6, 18657.15 a. rn. Major-Generals Warren and Humphreys have both telegraphed me this morning, and inform me of their being in position, their right, well supported, near Fort Cummings, and two divisions of the Fifth Corps over Hatchers Run forming their left. Greggs cavalry is now with Warren. Trains all came up the Vaughan road. I have telegraphed to them to move out at once to determine whether or not Hills or any portion of the enemys force is now outside of their line of works. In case any should be found they are to be driven in. Heth charged in two lines, and was badly repulsed. Subsequently the whole of Hills corps participated in the attack. The above is the report of deserters. GEO. G. MEADE, Lieutenant-General GRANT. AIajor (general. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, February 6, 1865. Major Jay has returned, and it is now certain that lie was captured by our own men. None of the enemys cavalry iii vicinity of Malones Crossing. GEt). G. MEADE, Lieutenant-General GRANT. Major- (en era 1. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Hatchers J~un, February 6, 18657.30 p. rn. (Via Aikens House, 8.40 p. in.) Major-General Warren advanced about 2 p. m. on the iDabucys Mill and Vaughan roads. Both columns had a spirited contest with the enemy, and steadily drove him before them till about 6 p. in., when the column on the mill road, having forced the enemy beyond Dabueys Mill and until lie opened on them with artillery, indicating he was in his line of works, when, being re-enforced, Warrens troops were, in turn, compelled to retire iu considerable confusion. The enemy was, however, checked before reaching the position occupied this morning, and Warrens troops rallied in this l)osition. The column on the Vaughan road was recalled when the others were forced back. The troops are now formed in the lines occupied this morning. The lighting has been determined, principally in dense woods, and the losses con- siderable, particularly in the column compelled to retire. I am not able at present to give an estimate of them. GEt). G. MEADE, Lieutenant-General GRANT. Major- & ~eneral. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, February 7, 186510.15 a. m. (Sent 10.50 a. in.) Warren reports at 7.30 a. m. everything quiet in his front. The character of the weather to-day, and the ignorance I am under of the exact moral condition of Warrens corps, and his losses from stragglers Page 153 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 153 has restrained me from giving him positive orders to attack; but I have directed him to l)USh out strong reconnaissances, and left to his judg- ment, based on the result of these reconnaissances and his knowledge of the state of his command, whether to attack or iiot. From all I can learn, unofficially, the disaster yesterday arose from the enemy sud- denly, toward the close of the day, withdrawing from the column on the Vaughan road and concentrating on the column at Dabneys Mill, which, when one part of the line was brokemi, the whole retired in dis- order. Warren had one whole division (Wheatons, Sixth Corps) not engaged. One brigade reached the mill just as the line had given way, but were unable, owing to the confusion and the dense woods, to do ~ thing toward remedying the evil. In reference to holding to Hatchers Run, my idea was to hold it permanently by a strong line, which a small force could hold, if we moved farther to the left. If it is designed only to hold it temporarily and to abandon it, the object I had in view would not be attaiued. -W e have now a line of breast-works all the way, but my suggestion was to a l)erma.ilent line, with re(lolibts. GEO. G. MEAI)E, Major- General. Lieutenant-General GRANT. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, February 7, 18652.45 p. m. (Sent 4 p. in.) Cipher dispatch received.* I will notify you as soon as the troops are in position, but I hardly think it will be by to-morrow, as I have some works to erect before I can unmass the forces on the left. As soon as your dispatch of 11.30 was received * I forwarded it to Warren, direct- ing him to cease offensive operatiomis unless some very important advan- tage was to be gained. At 12.20, before my dispatch had reached him, he reported Crawford having carried the enemys line of skirmish rifle- pits, and that a prisoner reported them in line of battle near Dabneys Mill, where they were yesterday. I expect soon to hear my dispatch has reached him. I was desirous, for the morale of the command, that the offensive should be taken. Warren has sent in the return of one division, and I hope from it that the losses yesterday will be munch less than was at first supposed. Large numbers of stragglers have come in during the night and this morning. A deserter reports IRodes old division as having been moved from the north of the Appomattox to enemys right. Has Ord heard anything of this? GEG. G. MEAI)E, Major- General. Lieutenant-General GRANT. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Pebrmiary 7, 18655.15 p. in. (Sent 5.22 p. in.) I have just received a dispatch from Major-General Warren, announc- ing he had recovered most of the ground he occupied yesterday, and had again drawn the fire of the artillery in the enemys works. As this accomplishes all I expected him to do, I have directed him to withdraw te hatchers Run, and shall hold the line from Fort Sampson to Arm- See Part II, pp. 448, 447, respectively Page 154 154 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. TN11L strongs Mill with the Second Corps, and post the Fifth Corps from the Vaughan road crossing back toward the Halifax road, prepared to meet a flank movement of the enemy or to support arty point threatened in front. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General. Lieuteuant-Geiieral GRANT. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, February 8, 186512.30 jp. rn. (Sent 1.25 p. in.) Yesterday Major-General Warren again advanced from his position on the right bank of Hatchers Run, and, encountering the enemy, carried the line of rifle-pits occupied by the enemys skirmish line, and continued the advance till the fire of the artillery in the enemys works near Dabneys Mill was drawn, and till he (Warren) had passed over most of the ground he had occupied the day before. This operation was performed during the prevalence of a violent hail-storm. The resistance offered by the enemy outside his works was not, however, so great as the day before. Having accomplished all that was practicable, and the enemy declining battle outside his works, I directed the with- drawal of the troops to Hatchers Run, which was effected soon after night-fall. I forward Major-General Warrens report, just received.* The casualties of the three days operations will not now, as far as I can judge in the absence of official returns, exceed 1,500, which is about double the number of wounded brought to the rear. The pris- oners will exceed 200. The cavalry on the 5th captured twenty-five wagons, instead of eighteen, as previously reported. I am now prepar- ing an intrenched line from Fort Cummings, our old left, to Armstrongs Mill. This line will be held by the Second Corps, and the Fifth will be massed to defend our left and rear. The cavalry and the reserves of the Sixth Corps have been returned to their former positions. The reserves of the Ninth will be returned so soon as the condition of the new line justifies. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General. Lieutenant-General GRANT. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, February 8, 18654 p. m. (Sent 4.20 p. in.) Official returns of casualties received show: Fifth Corps, 1,400; Second Corps, 140; cavalry, 150; in all 1,690, which includes over 600 missing, of whom the greater portion will turn up, being stragglers. I send a notice found by Gregg posted up in Dinwiddie Court-House. If the enemy does not attack us to-day I think you can leave with security to-morrow. GEG. G. MEADE, Lieutenant-General GRANT. Major- General. * See Part II, p. 487 Page 155 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 155 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March 25, 18658.30 p. m. (Seiit 9.05 p. In.) Since my report of 12 m. no further operations have taken place on the Ninth Corps front. Major-General Parke reports his casualties as 64 killed,323 wounded, and 481 missing; his captures amount to 8 battle-flags and 1,800 prisoners. The enemy were permitted, under flag of truce, to carry away from our lines 120 dead and 15 very severely wounded. Under the orders sent Major-General Wright to feel the enemy, the skirmishers of the Sixth Corps were advanced, but found the enemys pickets strongly intrenched. Major-General Wright sup- ported his skirmishers by his Second Division, one brigade of the Third Division, and two brigades of the First Division, and after a spirited contest, under a sharp fire of artillery and musketry, the enemys intrenched picket-line was carried, capturing 416 prisoners. This line is now held. Major-General Humphreys, commanding Second Corps, likewise advanced his skirmishers, well supported by his First and Third Divisions, and carried the enemys intrenched skirmish line, tak- ing over 200 prisoners; subsequently the enemy was re-enforced and made several vigorous and determined attacks, all of which were repulsed, Humphreys capturing in these last affairs 2 battle-flags and over 400 prisoners. The fighting on this part of the line continued till near 8 oclock. Numerous deserters have been reported since dark. Total captur~e reported to-day, 10 battle-flags and 2,800 prisoners. Griffins division, Fifth Corps, was sent to support Ilumphreys, and was engaged with the Second Corps. Crawfords and Ayres divisions, of the Fifth Corps, and the cavalry division were held in reserve, and promptly moved to different parts of the line. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. Lieutenant.General GRANT. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March ~5, 1865. (Sent 12.50 a. m. r26th].) Wright holds his captured line; Humphreys had all of his at 8 p. in., but I authorized his retaining only such portions as, in his judgment, it would be advantageous to hold. Parke sends in the return of cas- ualties in his artillery brigade, to be added to his previous return 4 killed, 14 wounded, and 25 missing; total, 43. Humphreys estimates his killed and wounded at about 450; very few missing; thinks enemys losses in killed and wounded more than double his. Wright reported his losses small. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General. Lieutenant-General GRANT. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March 26, 186510.45 a. m. (Sent 11.30 a. in.) All has been quiet since 8 p. m. last evening. Wright and Hum. phreys hold and have intrenched all the advanced line captured yes Page 156 156 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LV[II. terday as far as the Armstrong house, which includes all but a small portion on the extreme left near Hatchers Run, which there was no military advantage in retaining. Humphreys now estimates his cas- ualties at 700, Wright at 400, which will make our total casualties from all parts of the line about 2,000. Deserters report the fighting very severe, and the result as having a depressing and demoralizing effect on their army. GEG. G. MEADE, Major. General. Lientenajit-General GRANT. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC March 26, 186510 p. m. Official returns from the several corps show 4he casualties of yester- day as follows: Second Corpskilled, 51; wounded, 462; missing, 177. Sixth Corpskilled, 47; wounded, 402; missing, 30. Ninth Corps killed, 68; wounded, 337; missing, 506. Totalkilled, 166; wounded, 1,201; missing, 713; or a grand total of 2,080, which is 80 larger than my approximate estimate of this morning. Of prisoners, the account now stands: Second Corps, 365; Sixth Corps, 469; Ninth Corps, 1,949; total, 2,783, or 13 less than reported last night; of this number some 200 are wounded in our hospitals. It has been quiet along the lines to-day. Permission was granted the enemy, on application, to remove their dead and wounded, under flag of truce, both on the Second and Sixth Corps fronts. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. JAeutenant.General GRANT. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March 26, 186511.30 p. m. General Humphreys estimates the enemys losses in killed and wounded in his front as fully three times his, and I have no doubt from the character of the fighting, the heaviest being repulsing their attacks, that their losses were very much greater. Wright also thinks they lost much heavier than we did. On Parkes front their losses were quite severe from the artillery fire of adjacent batteries, not only when their supports were moving up but when they were withdrawing. On the whole, I think it would be reasonable to estimate the enemys losses in killed and wounded as 50 per cent. greater than ours~ this would make theni about 2,000, which added to the prisoners would give 4,800. Taking in stragglers and deserters, I think it safe to esti- mate Lees loss for the day not less than 5,000 men. GEG. G. MEADE, Major. General. Lieutenant-General GRANT Page 157 CRAP. LvIIi.~ THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGt~?. 157 No. 6. Reports of Bvt. Col. James C. Duane, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Ar my, of operations January 14February 25. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, January 23, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the engineer- ing operations in this army for the week ending January 21, 1865: Brevet Major Harwood was in command of the battalion of U. S. Engineers, and, assisted by Lieutenant Phillips, inspected the line from Fort Davison to Fort McMahon. The former officer also superin- tended the repairs of the line from Fort Bross to Fort Dushane. Bre- vet Captain Benyaurd had charge of the repairs from Fort McGilvery to Fort Howard. Brevet Captain Howell made an inspection of the line from Fort Welch to Battery 24, and superintended the reconstruction of Fort Fisher and repairs from Fort iloward to Fort Dushane. Li~i- tenant Heap, assisted by Lieutenant Phillips, inspected the line from Fort Alex. Hays to Fort Meikel. The following extracts from the weekly report of Brevet Colonel Spaulding, commanding detachment of Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers, will show the extent and nature of the duties upon which the officers and men of his command have been engaged: The work upon the battery at the left of Fort Keene has been continued during tbe past week, under the general direction of Brevet Major McDonald, with daily details of about 200 men from this command. This work is a small lunette contain- lug two barbettes and three embrasiires, originally thrown up and very roughly revetted by infantry. The stockade for closing the gorge of this work is 185 feet iii length, with flanking arrangements. Brevet Captain van Rensselaer (who relieved Major McDonald) reports that this stockadewas completed last evening. To-day he has been at work with one company of this regiment in putting in new revet- ment and raising the parapet, and this part of the work is about one-sixth done. The cold weather of the past week has caused the work upon the signal tower to progress but slowly, it being very difficult and hazardous for men to work at such an elevation, upon insecure footing, when the weather is cold and stormy. Brevet M~jor Hine reports all the material on the ground, 130 feet framed, sixty-eight feet raised, and sixty-four feet completed. On Tuesday, the 17th, I sent Lieutenant Paine with one company of this command to make some repairs and renewals of the works on a part of the Ninth Corps front. The work required was as foll~ws: A new magazine to be constructed in Battery 10; in Fort Morton, two magazines to be floored and sheathed; in Fort Sedgwick, one magazine to be sheathed and another to be sheathed and drained; in Fort Davis, the magazines in the salients to be strengthened and three drains under the parapets to be framed and lined. Lieutenant Paine reports all the above-mentioned work com- pleted, except revetting one of the drains in Fort Davis; this will be completed to-morrow, if the weather permits. On Thursday, the 19th, 1 sent Captain Dolan with his company to repair Forts Stevenson, Blaisdell, Patrick Kelly, and Bross. In the construction of these forts too little berm, in most cases, bad been left for works that were to be maintained for any considerable length of time. The consequence was that the scarp in many places had caved into the ditch, and in some instances the parapet had followed the scarp. Seven hundred men from the Fifth Army Corps reported to Captain Dolan, and for the past two days these men, together with the one company of engineer troops, have been at work upon Forts Stevenson, Blaisdell, and Bross. Nothing has as yet been done on Fort Patrick Kelly. The amount and character of the repairs npon these forts will be best (lescribe(l when they are completed. On Saturday, tbe 14th, I placed the following officers of this command in charge of cor(lnroy roads: Lieutenant Warfield, all roads within the lines of the army from the Jerusalem plank road to the defenses of City Point; Lieutenant Bacon, all roads between the Jerusalem plank road and the Weldon railway; Lieutenant La Grange, all roads from the Weldon railway to the sonthern limit of the lines occupied by the Second Corps. During the past week these officers, with details from this comman Page 158 158 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [Caip. Lviii. and details of men and teams from the Sixth and Ninth Corps, have built several addi- tional bridges and put the corduroy roads upon their respective sections in good repair. During the week 456 gabions have been made by my men and brought into camp; also, twenty sections of chevaux-de-frise. Six sections of the latter and a coil of wire were sent to Fort Sedgwick this morning, in charge of Lieutenant Taylor, with directions to instruct the officers commanding the garrison as to the manner of fast- ening these sections together with wire. Considerable progress has been made with thc drawings of the wooden and canvas pontoon wagons, showing the modifications and improvements it has been found advisable to introduce in actual practice in the field. I have also sent for a French pontoon truck, and will have it arranged and rebuilt for the canvas train. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. C. DUANE, Major of Engineers, Brevet Colonel, U. AS1. Army. Maj. Gen. J. G. BARNARD, Chief Engineer, Armies in the Field. C HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER, January 30, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the fo]lowing report of the engi. neering operations in this army for the week ending January 28, 1865: Brevet Major ilarwood was in command of the battalion of U. S. Engineers, and had charge of repairs from Fort Bross to Fort iDushane. Brevet Captain Benyaurd assisted Colonel Duane, chief engineer, iii the construction of batteries on the James River. Brevet Captain Howell had charge of the construction of Fort Fisher and of the bat- ~ryto therightof Fort Welch; he also had charge of the repairs of the line from Battery 24 to Fort IDushane. Lieutenant Heap inspected the line from Fort McGilvery to Fort Alex. Hays. The following extracts from the weekly report of Bvt. Col. I. Spauld- ing, commanding detachment Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers, will show the nature and extent of the duties upon which his command has been engaged: The severity of the weather during the past week, and the depth to which the groniid was frozen, has prevented any considerable progress being made where the digging and dressing of the banks have been principally near the surface. The old revetment has been removed from the battery near Fort Keene, most of the new revet- ment put in and the parapet raised, the three embrasures revetted with gabions and fagots; three platforms laid, the barbettes partially built, and the gate at the entrance completed. Upon the signal tower the balance of the framing has been completed, and a mast placed in position for raising the next section. Brevet Major Hine reports that it only requires a few days of mild weather now to push the work rapidly toward completion. During the week but little progress has been made with the repairs of the forts on the rear line. Captain Dolan reports that as soon as the ground is thawed he can complete the work on Forts Stevenson and Blaisdell in one day, and that on Fort Bross in three days. Nothing has yet been done on Fort Patrick Kelly. The unfinished work on Fort Davis has been completed. Dur- ing the week Lieutenant La Grange, with small details from this regiment and from the Second Corps, has repaired the corduroy roads near the Yellow [louse and near the Poplar Grove Church; also built a corduroy bridge across the creek between Forts Cummings and Emery. For the past two days Captain Dexter has been engaged with his company in hewing and preparing gun platforms for Fort Fisher. These platforms are fourteen by eighteen feet. Up to this time materials for about seven platforms have been delivered. Eight sections of chevaux-de-frise have been made during the week. On the morning of the 23d I received an order from Lieutenant-General Grant, through Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Michler, to have 500 feet of wooden pontoon bridging ready to move at short notice, It was not stated whether pontoniers woul Page 159 CRAP. LVIILj THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 159 be required or not, but I deemed it advisable to send three companies (Captain McGrath commanding) to the train near City Point, with directions to have the trains ready to move at once when ordered. During the afternoon Lieutenant-Col- onel Michier sent me another message from Lieutenant-General Grant, directing that 600 feet of pontoon bridge should be immediately prepared for shipment at City Point. BytheadviceofLientenant-Colonel Michier I proceeded in person to City Point to ascertain definitely what was required and to superintend operations in l)erson. There I was informed the animals were to be shipped with the trains and pontoniers sent with them. The next morning you informed me that, after consultation with Lieutenant-General Grant, it had been decided to send a company of the Fifteenth New York Volunteer Engineers as pontoniers. I accordingly invoiced the train to Captain Lewis, commanding the company designated by Colonel Brainerd, com- manding the regiment. This train consisted of thirty boats (equal to 620 feet of bridging), including all the necessary material and appliances for constructing the bridge or bridges and for moving them by land or water, also army wagons for the use of the pontoniers and quartermaster, and a little more than half the usual number of forage wagons. T he animals and quartermasters stores were turned over to Captain Lewis lieutenant, acting quartermaster of the train. I left Captain McGrath, with one company, at Colonel Brainerds request, to assist in loading the train, and two companies were returned to this camp. Up to this time the steamer designated for the transportation of this train has not arrived at City Point. On the 24th I left a memorandum with the quartermaster of the Engineer Brigade for l)oats, wagons, and material to be ordered from Washington to supply the place of the trains tnrne(l over for shipment, with directions to have them ordered imnie- diately. During my absence at City Point an order was received directino that a company of pontoniers be sent to the Valley of the Shenandoah to report to Major- General Sheridan, and stating that the latter would he pleased to have the same company and officers that were with hini on the expedition last June. Conipany I, commanded in June last by W. W. Folwell, as captain (now major), was designated. This company is now commanded by Capt. M. B. Foiwell, formerly a first lieuten- ant in the same company. I met the officers of the conipany at City Point, and also Major Folwell. There I arranged with Major Folwell that he should proceed to the Valley of the Shenandoah and remain there with Captain Folwell until the pontoon train (understood to be in course of preparation there) was ready for the field, when he slhould return to these headquarters. Directions to this effect were sent by Major FoIwell from Lieutenant-General Grant to Major-General Sheridan. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. C. DUANE, Major of Engineers and Brecet Colonel, U. S. Army. Maj. Gen. J. G. BARNARD, Chief Engineer, Armies in the Field. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, February 13, 1865. SIR: The following extracts from the report of Bvt. Maj. F. Harwood, commanding battalion of U. S. Engineers, and from that of Brevet Colonel Spaulding, commanding detachment Fiftieth New York Volun- teer Engineers, will show the nature and extent of the engineering operations for the week ending February 11, 1865: Brevet Major Harwood was in command of the battalion of engineers, and was attached to the Fifth Corps headquarters during the active operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant, and established and constructed a line near Hatchers Run, at crossing of the Vaughan road. Brevet Captain Benyaurd was attached to cavalry division during the active operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th, and assisted Major Harwood to establish the line from Fort Sampson to Hatchers Run; also was on a reconnaissance near Fort Sedgwick. Brevet Captain Howell was attached to Sec- ond Corps headquarters during the active operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th, and assisted Major Harwood to establish the line from Fort Sampson to Hatchei?s Run, and was in charge of the construction of the line from Fort Sampson to Hatchers Run. Lieutenant Heap was in command of the battalion when in the rifle-pits on the 5th, 6th, and 7th, and had charge of the construction of the battery at Hatchers Run near crossing of Vaughan road Page 160 160 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (Cn-& ~.LYrn. From Colonel Spauldings report: The weather has been so cold and windy during the past week that but little could be done on the signal tower. The posts have all been raised and sedure(l in their positions and twenty-six additional feet of the tower completed at this date. Bre- vet Major Hine reports that three or four days of mild weather will enable him to complete the work. On the 4th instant Captain Dexter, with a detail of two companies from this com- mand, commenced delivering material for and constructing a strong line of abatis around Fort Fisher. On the 5th this abatis was completed on the front and flanks, and sufficient material delivered for exteiiding it along the rear face, but this could not be placed in position until the camps in that vicinity were removed. This abatis was further strengthened by two lines of wire interlaced with the branches and a wire entanglement placed in front of the abatis. - On the 6th Captain Dexter commenced opening a road from Fort Cummings to Armstrongs Mill, on Hatchers Run. The details for this work were, two companies from this command from the 6th to the 9th, inclusive, 14 teams from the Second Corps on the 8th instant, and 400 men and 40 teams from the Ninth Corps on the 9th. The work was finished on the evening of the 9th, having constructed double cordii- roy bridges over all the ravines and low grounds and cut a double track through the timber. On the evening of the 5th I sent Brevet Major Van Brocklin, with four companies of this command, to report to you on the Vaughan road, near the crossing of Hatchers Run. On the 6th this detachment was engaged in repairing the Vanghau road, build- ing corduroy brid~es over small streams, & c. At 9 p. in. of the 6th Major Van Brocklin received orders Ironi you to construct an additional bridge over Hatchers Run. This bridge was about 250 feet in length; the material was carried from the woods by Major Van Brocklins detachment, and the bridge completed about 1.30 a. m. of the 7th instant. On the morning of the 7th I sent an additional company from this regiment to report to Major Van Brocklin, and he commenced the construction of a permanent cor(luroy road from Hatchers Run to Fort Siebert. The following details have been engaged on this work: February 7, five companies Fiftieth Engineers and 20 teams froni Second Corps; February 8, five companies Fiftieth Engineers and 2,000 men and 100 teams from Second Corps; February 9, five companies Fiftieth ~ngi- imeers and 2,000 men and 100 teams from Fifth Corps; February 10, five companies I if tieth Engineers and 2,000 nien and 100 teams from the Fifth Corps. This cordu- roy road is now completed for about three miles, with the except~n of coverinr a portion of it with earth. On the 8th Major Van Brocklin, leaving Captain Van Rensselaer in temporary charge of the work on time corduroy road, made a reconnaissance for an extension of the U. S. military railroad to Hatchers Run, and reported the result to Colonel Batch- elder, chief quartermaster, Arniy of the Potomac. On the 9th Captain Van Rensselaer took charge of the unfinished work on Fort Fisher, this work having been turned over to him by Captain Howell. The repairs of the several forts on the rear line, which were commenced on the 19th of January by Captain Dolan, were as follows: At Fort Stevenson, the ramps, ban- (luiettes, and gun platforms requmired repairs, about fifty feet of the scarp on each face to be revetted, gratings to be placed over the drains, the entrances of three magazines to be revetted, and the exterior slope to be removed from the berni and dressed oft; at Fort Blaisdell, the whole revetment and parapet were to lue moved in fo\ir feet, gun platforms, banquiettes, ramps, amid embrasures to be rebuilt. The above works in these two forts are completed. The work on Fort Patrick Kelly was abomit the saume as that on Fort Blaisdehl. The revetnuent on this fort has beemi imioved in and the bar- bettes nearly completed, but owing to troops being taken away for the late move- ment on Hatchers Run, the work on this fort was suspended. The work on Fort Bross required the revetment and parapet to be moved in four feet, the ditch to be drained, embrasores cut in the parapet ami(l revetted, aIm(1 a magazine to be built. This work is completed except the earth work in nuoving the parapet; it was left unfinished at the time of the late move of time army. Tocomplete these works woumbi probably require a detail of abomit 400 men for timmee inlays. Four hundred aui(1 muimmety - six gabions have been made during the week and brought into camp, and 480 issmucd at Fort Fishier, the battery on the left of this fort, amid for repairs of the works on th~ Nimith Corps hue. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, J. C. DUANE, Major of Engineers and Breret Colonel, U. S. Arrny~ l3vt. Maj. ({en. J. 0-. BARNARD, Chief Engineer, Armies in the Field, City Point, Va Page 161 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 161 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, OFFICE OF TILE ChIEF ENGiNEER, February 20, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the engineer- ing operations in this army for the week ending February 18, 1865: Bvt. Maj. F. Harwood was in command of the Engineer Battalion, and had charge of the construction of the line at Hatchers Run, near crossing of Vaughan road. Brevet Captain Benyaurd inspecte(l the line on Sixth Corps front with a view to making entanglements, and also inspected the line from Fort McGilvery to Fort Howard. Brevet Captain Howell had charge of the construction of the line from Fort Sampson to near Hatchers Run. Lieutenant Heap had charge of the construction of a battery at Hatchers iRun near crossing of Vaughan road, and of a two-gun battery on Vaughan roa(1 near crossing of Hatchers Run. This officer also inspecte(l the line omi Second and Fifth Corps front with a view to verify the position of pickets. The follow- ing extracts are made from the report of Brevet Colonel Spaulding, commanding Fiftieth New York Voiunteer Engineers: The signal tower is so nearly completed that it will be probably finished to-mor- row. In the next weekly report drawings of the tower will be furnished, with a detailed description of the work. The work upon Fort Fisher has progressed as rapidly as the state of the weather would permit. Brevet Captain van Rensselaer reports three-fourths of the parapets completed, and the remainder one-half com- plete. Platforms are laid for three barbette and three embrasure guns, and two additional embrasure guns will be added to-morro~v. This fort can be finished, except the inner works, in four or five days. No bomb-proofs, magazines, or trav- erses have yet been commenced in this fort. The battery on the left of Fort Fisher (also in charge of Brevet Captain Van Rensselaer) has ha(l during the week seven platforms and two magazines added, the parapets and traverses finished, and the work is now complete, mounting eleven guns. Brevet Major Van Brocklin reports that on the 11th and 13th instant the work was continued on the corduroy road from Fort Siebert to Hatchers Run, the details for the work consisting of five coin- panics of this regiment and twenty-five teams from the Fifth Corps. The road was completed on the evening of the 13th instant. With very few intervals, there is now a continuous corduroy road from the first stream south of Fort Siebert to Hatchers Run, and a double track over all the streams and low g~onnds. Captain Dexter has been engaged with his company in getting out platform timber. During the week he has had hewn and delivered at Fort Fishier and the battery on its left 3,523 super- ficial feet of timber, equal to fourteen platforms. During the week 204 fascines hax e been made and delivered at Fort Fisher and the eleven-gun battery; 693 gabions have also been niade and brought into camp; of these, 417 have been isued for Fort Fisher and for repairing the works on the Ninth Corps front. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. C. DUANE, ~IIajor of Engineers and Bre ret Colonel, U. S. Army. Maj. Gen. J. G. BARNARD, Chief Engineer, Armies in the Field. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER, February 27, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the cugineer- ing operations in this army for the week ending February 25, 1865: Brevet Major Harwood was in command of the Battalion of Engi- neers, and inspecte(1 the line from Hatchers Run to Fort Fisher; also inspected rifle-pits on Hatchers Run. Lieutenants Heal) and Phillips 11 R RVOL XLVI, PT Page 162 162 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA, [CHAP. LYIIL were in charge of laying abatis around the t~te-de-pont at crossing of Vaughan road near Hatchers Run. The latter officer also inspected the line from Fort Cummings to Fort McMahon, and assisted Major Harwood in the inspection of rifle-pits on Hatchers Run. The follow- ing extracts from the wcekly report of Brevet Colonel Spaulding, coin- manding Fiftieth New York Engineers, will show the nature and extent of the engineering duties upon which the officers and men of his com- mand have been engaged: Lieutenant Van Rensselaer reports the parapets of Fort Fisher nearly finished. The work is ready for fifteen guns and is inclosed with abatis. The whole fort will ~)robably be completed to-morrow, except the interior works, and these have not yet been commenced. On the 21st Brevet Major Van Brocklin cominenee& l the work of corduroying the Squirrel Level road, and has been working an average detail of 300 men and 50 teams from the Second Army Corps. This work is about one-half done, and will require about three days of good weather to finish it. On the 20th, 21st, and 22d Lieutenant Bacon was engaged in covering the cordu- roy on the Vaughan road and building additional bridges anti sluices over streams and swamps. The average detail for this work was 200 umen from the Fifth Corps and 100 men and 10 teams from the Second Corps. During the week Lieutenant La Grange, with a part of one company of this regi- ment, has hewn out and delivered at Fort Fisher 2,315 superficial feet of timber for gun platforms and 115 lineal feet of sleepers. For the past three days Lieutenant De Groot has been engaged with one company of this command, and for two days a (letail of 400 mimen front the Ninth Corps, in coin- pleting the repairs of Fort Patrick Kelly. But little progress has been made to-day on account of infantry detail not reporting. The gun platfornis are completed, and time parapets and drains nearly finished. Sixty-four fascines and 300 gabions have been matle during the week, and 64 fascines and 273 gabions have been issne(1 for use at Fort Fisher. Very respectftully, your obedient servant, ~ C. DUANE, Major of Engineers and Breret Colonel, U. S. Army. Maj. Cwen. J. 0-. BARNARD. C/i ief Engineer, Armies in the Field. No. 7. 1?eport of Bvt. Lient. Vol. Nathaniel Michier, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, of operations March 1118. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER, March 20, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the engineer- ing operations in this army for the week ending March 18, 1865: Brevet Major Harwood was in command of the Engineer Battalion. Brevet Captain Benyaurd inspected Fort I)avis with a view to repairs, and was in charge of the construction of abatis from Fort Prescott to Fort Davis, which is three-fourths finished. First Lieutenant Lydecker inspected Fort Fisher, which is completed on the north side and a trav- erse three-fourths finished. First Lieutenant Phillips was in charge of a line of works near Hatchers Run, which are three-fourths finished. Brcvet Lieutenant-Colonel Ford, commanding detachment Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers, with the officers of his command, was engaged as follows: After nma.king a preliminary survey of tIme Vaughan road and its crossing of Hatchers Rurm, Brcvet Major Van Brochilim contmtmencetl repairing the road and con- structing a substantial and permanemit lmridge above Imigh-water mark. The old. bridge had been entirely swept away by the late freshets Page 163 ChAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 1q33 On the 15th instant Major Van Brocklin had completed a l)ridge over Hatchers Run 285 feet in length, supported by eleven cribs each sixteen feet long, six feet wide, and from two to six feet high. The roadway of the bridge consists of two tracks, each eight feet in width, separated by a longitudinal timber, firmly pinned to the corduroy flooring. In repairing the corduroy on the Vaughan road, which was only slightly damaged, Company E only was employed one day. In constructing the bridge Major Van Brocklin worked his own and Company C from the 11th to the 15th instant, inclusive, and an average of ten teams daily from the Fifth Corps. On the 13th instant Lieutenant Taylor with Company G repaired and put in thorough order the Squirrel Level road. On the 13th and 14th Lieutenant Lang with a portion of Company H, and a detail on the 13th of 200 men and 40 teams from the Ninth Corps, constructed and put in 380 feet of abatis around Fort Blaisdell, completing the work, and repaired the damages caused to the banquette of Fort Stevenson by the late rains. Lieutenant La Grange, in continuing the work on the road betwee~m the Wyatt house and Warrens Station, has corduroyed 1,200 yards, making a total of 3,600 yards. He has worked three companies of this command for two days and two com- panies for three days, and an average daily detail of 660 men and 59 teams from the Fifth Corps. On the 11th and 12th the weather prevented any progress in the work, and on the 14th the teams did not report until 4 oclock in the afternoon. Brevet Captain Van Rensselaer, in charge of Fort Fisher, has completed two trav- erses in that work, each sixty teet in length and each containing a magazine eight- een feet long; a third traverse, to protect the guns in the western c iirtain,is one- third finished. The entire parapet has been redressed, on account of the damage caused by the heavy rains. 041 the 15th instant Captain Jackson, with Companies B and H, reported to Cap- tain Benyaurd, near Fort Prescott, and on the 16th commenced the reconstruction of Battery 22 and a line of abatis between Forts Davis and Prescott. The work on the battery could not be continued, the enemy having opened a heavy fire of shot and shell on the working parties. At dark it was again commenced, but again inter- rhll)ted by the severe storm. On the 17th the work was pushed with but little interruption, and Captain Jack- son reports that the parapet has reached its full height and the revetment is finished; that one traverse is nearly completed, the timber for the gun platforms on the ground and ready, and 1,000 feet of abatis already put iu. He hopes to complete the work on Sunday. the 19th instant, or thereabouts. During the week I have employed all the men in the detachment, not elsewhere engaged, in repairing and improving the roads in the immediate vicinity and in con- structing gabions for Fort Fisher, Battery 22, and the entire line. In the topographical department the triangulation party are pushing forward the surveys between Fort Siebert and Hatchers Run, and in the office campaign maps are being prepared. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. MICilLEII, Major of Engineers and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, U. S. Army. Maj. Geii. J. G. BARNARD, Chief Engineer, Armies Operating against Richmond, tiiity Point, Va. No. 8. Report of 1Thj. Frank W. Hess, Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, of oper ations February 57. IIDQRS. BATTALION THIRD PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY, February 8, 1865. In compliance with orders received on Saturday evening, February 4,1 reported, at 6 a. in. on the 5th instant, with my command, to Major- General Humphreys, commanding Second Corps, and was sent by him to report to Brigadier-General Sniyth, commanding division, Second Corps. My orders given me by General Smyth were to send a detach- inent of fifty men, nuder command of a commissioned officer, on the road leading from the Yaughan road to Armstrongs Mill. The rest o Page 164 164 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LV1IL the battalion was to take the advance of the infantry moving up the Vaughan road; to drive the enemys vedettes beyond Hatchers Run, and, if possible, to force the crossing at Cummings Ford. Lieutenant Ewing, who had command of the detachment moving toward Arm- strongs Ford, was also directed to drive in the vedettes and secure the crossing. The advance of the column on the Vaughan road struck the enemys vedettes in the vicinity of the Cummiiigs house, charged them, and drove theni down the road to the ford. Captain StilI6, who commanded the advance, was ordered to follow them closely and to charge the ford. This was done, but the obstructions placed there by the enemy rendered it impossible for cavalry to cross. This I reported to Brigadier-General De Trobriand, comm anding brigade, Third Division, Second Corps, whose conunand was supporting the cavalry. At about 11 oclock, a bridge having beeu constructed, I moved my command across Hatchers Run and, to comply with the orders of Major-General Ilumnphreys, took the road leading to Armstrongs Ford, in order to open communication with the troops crossing at that poiiit.. I was also directed to post a picket of thirty men at Dabneys Mill. At about a quarter of a mile from the Cummings Ford my advance came U~OI1 the enemys skirmish line, formed along the edge of a wood and posted behind a fence. Com- pany A, commanded by Captain Still6, was dismounted and ordered to drive them back, but found them too strong. I ordered Company B, under command of Lieutenant King, to charge, mounted, on Captain Still~s left, and Coin pany M, commanded by Lieutenant ODonovan, to charge on the right of Captain Still6. This was done; five prisoners were taken; the enemy was driven away from the fence and forced back into the woods, where I found them in considerable force. This I reported to Major-General Humphreys, and was directed by him to return to the Vaughan road, and open communication ~vith the Fifth Corps at J. llargraves house. At about two miles from the Cnmnmiugs Ford my advance, under Lieutenant Frazer, Company D, encountered the enemy stationed along the woods on the right of the road. The advance charged dowii the Vaughan road, followed by the rest of the command, and supported by the One hundred alI(1 fifth Peniisylvania Volunteers, General De Trobriands brigade, Third l)ivision, Secomid Corps, and moved forward until the column of the Fifth Corps was seen on the Reams Siation road. I reported to Major-General Warren, and then returned to General Humphreys, informing him that the road was open. Until 2 oclock on the morning of the 6th detachmnents of the battalion patrolled the Vaughan road. 11 was then directed to take my command back to the Cummings house amid await further orders. At 3 p. m. on the 6th instant I was directed by Major-General Hum- phreys to return to the camp at the Aiken house. The only loss suf- fered was 2 mcmi killed and 3 wounded; 16 horses killed and wounded. On tIme 6th instant, at 8 a. in., I was directed to muove out of camp with my command and arrest all stragglers found on the roads, and to report with them to Brevet Major.General Webb at Cummings Ford. About 500 men belongimig to the Fifth Corps were taken to the front, but, being unable to find General Webb, I reported to Lieutenant-Colonel Locke, assistant adjutant-general, Fifth Corps, and was directed by hmimn to turn them over to the provost-marshal of the corps. I was then omdered to return to camp. On the 7th instant an order was received from the provost-marshal- generals office directing me to proceed to the camps of the Fifth Corps ~nd drive up to the front all the men I could find there. About 10 Page 165 THE RICHMOM) CAMPAIGN. 165 men were arrested and about fifty more were found on the road and turned over to the provost-marshal of the corps. I then returned with the battalion to camp. F. W. HESS, Major, Commanding Battalion, Third Pennsylvania Cavalry. Capt. PH. SCHUYLER, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. iNo. 9. Reports qf Brt. Brig. Gen. Henry 19. Abbot First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding AS1iege Train, of operations January 1March 31. HEADQUARTERS SIEGE ARTILLERY, Broadway Landing, Va., March 2, 1865. GENERAL: In obedience to the circular of July 29, 1864, I have the honor to snbmit the following report of my operations during the mouth of January last. The amount of flriiig is shown by the following table: Coehorn mortar, 219; 8-inch siege mortar, 636; 10-inch siege mortar, 15; 10-inch sea-coast mortar, 144; 30-pounder Parrott, 879; 4k-inch gun, 3; 100-pounder Parrott, 209; field gnus, 137 rounds; making a total of 2,242 rounds, weighing about fifty.one tomis, or at a rate of about 1.6 tons daily. The most important event during the month on these lines was the attempt of the rebel fleet to pass the obstructions in James River on the night of January 23, when I think it may fairly be claimed that my batteries prevented a serious disaster. Three rains, the wooden gun- boat 1)rewry, a small steam torpedo-boat, and perhaps more, passed Fort Brady about 8 p. in., nuder cover of the darkness. They received about twenty-five shots from the fortarmament, two 100 -pounder Par- rotts amid three 30-pounder Parrotts. The fort was instantly opened upon by the rebel land batteries, mounting some dozen gulLs, and their fire soon disabled one of the 100-pounder gnus. The fleet passed on to a point near the rebel Howlett Battery, out of range of Fort Brady; My batteries below Fort Brady were three in number: Parsons and Wilcoxarmament, omie 100-pounder Parmott and one lO-imich sea-coast mortar; Spoflbrdarmament, one 30-pounder Parrott, placed in posi- tion about 7 a in.; and Sawyerarmament, one 100-pounder Parrott and two 10-inch sea-coast mortars. About 10 p. in. a ram succeeded in reaching ainud began removing the obstructions, receiving thirty-one shots ftc-mu the mortar in Wilcox and nine from those in Sawyer, with musketry fire from all the spare artillerymen while so emigaged. At 3 a. m. one ram passed the obstructiotis and anchored about 600 yards above Sawyer, where she remaimmed for forty-five minutes. This posi- tion was only exposed to mortar fire. One shell fired at 60 degrees elevatiomi struck her, amid she immediately mnoved up the river; nine- teen shells had been fired at her while lying iii this position. During the night forty-four rounds from the 100-pounder and twenty-four rounds from the muortar in Parsons and Wilcox and three rounds from the 100-pounder in Sawyer were fired at the fleet above the obstructions. The darkmmess prevented the effect of this fire from being known. At daylight two rams and the Drewry were discovered aground near left bank, some 1,500 yards above Parsons. Fire was at omice opened from that battery with long percussion-shell from the 100-pounder. The second shot struck the Drewry and the third exploded her magazine Page 166 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CRAP. LV1II. completely destroying her. The followiiig table shows the fire upon the fleet after daylight, before it escaped up the river, about noon: 100-pounder. 10-inch sea- 30-pounder coast mortar. Parrott. Battery. Commanding officer. Range. Fired. Hit. Fired, lilt. Fired. Hit. Yards. Parsons and Wilcox - Lient. H. A. Pratt, 1st 57 30 25 2 1, 500 Connecticut Artillery. Spofford Lient. C. N. Silliunan, 1st 62 27 1, 800 Connecticut Artillery. Sawyer Lient. E. P. Mason, 1st 21 7 31 2 - 2, 500 Connecticut Artiller~-. Total 78 37 56 4 62 27j As soon as the rains could get afloat they retreated out of range, near iowlett Battery, leaving the torpedo-boat aground. About 3 a. m. on 25th they escaped up the river past Fort Brady, receiving a number of rounds in the darkness, several of which struck them. The ammunition used in this engagement consisted iii part of sohi~ shot, and in part of shellpercussion and timeand case. Unfortu- imately the line of fire when tile rams were aground was oblique, and tIme pro,jectiles glanced oft without penetrating. Officers on picket directly opposite, however, report that the armor was started and partially ripped off in a number of places. During the firing my bat- teries, especially Forts Brady and Parsons and Wilcox, were under a very heavy fire from the rebel land batteries. Three men were killed in the former, and a large number slightly imijured from fragments, & c. Too munch commendation cannot be giveli to Captain Pierce, command- ing Fort Brady, and to Lieutenants Pratt, Mason, and Silliman, com- manding the other batteries, for their excellent conduct. Tile total firing, including those fired in reply to the rebel land batteries, was about 500 rounds of siege ammunition. Lient. W. 0-. Ball, Thirteenthi New York Artillery, also moved a 20-pounder Parrott (field gnu) to the bank of the river and fired eighty-five roumids, at a range of about 1,400 yards, with creditable zeal. At 6.30 p. m. on January 5 I received an order from General Grant to embark a siege train, which ultimately proved to be destined for Fort Fishier. I was to accomnpamiy it with a sufficiemlt detail of artil. lerymen ft-omn my command and a comnpany of volunteer engineers fromn General Benhamns brigade, also a small detachment from General Grahams naval brigade. During January 6 I was waitimig transporta- tion, but removed three companies of First Conmiecticut Artillery from the lines, and also two 30-pounder Parrotts and four Coehormi mortars. The propeller C. C. Leary, 841 tomis, reported at 8 a. m. on January 7, and my ordnance officers at once begami loading her, from both sides, with all possible dispatch with the ordnance. They employed about 150 men. The propeller Scott, 1,086 tons, reported at 3 p. in., with 50000 feet of lumber on board. J3y 8p.m. she was ready to sail, with two companies (280 men) and thirty-six mules. At 7.30 a. in. of January 8, the l)ropeller Governor Chase, 746 tons r noon was eported. At she ready to sail, with two companies (282 men) and forty-one anilnals. During the evening the three steamers, with my headquarters on the Leary, dropped down to City Point, where I received written orders fromn General Grant to report to General Terry. My command con- sisted of 20 officers, 568 men, 77 animals, 12 wagons, sixteen 30-pounder Parrotte, 20 Coehorns, with 8,000 rounds for former and 6,600 for latter Page 167 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 1E7 CHAP. LVIII.) 50,000 feet of lumber, & c. We took nineteen days rations, four being cooked. We sailed at daylight of January 9, an(l reached Fort Monroe that evening. On January 10 we were detained by a severe storm, but sailed at 8 a. m. of January 11, arriving at Beaufort, N. C., on the fol- lowing day in time to join the fleet then starting for Fort Fisher, where we arrived about 5 p. m. During January 13 we were ordered to remain on board. On Janu- ary 14 I put the engineer company on shore, with thirty-seven animals, rations, forage, & c. The sea was too rough to land the guns. The steamer was anchored, and a warp of 3-inch rope, 120 fathoms long, was secured to the beach. The mcmi were pulled ashore in surf-boats, and the animals slung, hoisted overboard, and towed ashore by the warp. On the 15th the sea was smoother. I had brought three launches and a detachment of thirty-five men of General Grahams naval brigade, under Lieutenant Nelson, to aid in disenibarking my train. I also received all the assistance required from the navy. Act- ing Master Z. L. Tanner, aided by Acting Ensign L. Pope, both of the liuiode Island, took charge of removing the stores, & c., from the ships side to the beach, and labored most faithfully and skillfully on January 14 and 15 to accomplish all that was possible. Omi January 15, three 30-pounder Parrotts, complete, with ainmnunition, & c., another comupany, the rest of the animals, the wagons, & c., were unloaded. The guns were unloaded in the following manner: They were raised fromn the hold, an(l slung overboard, by using purchases from the masthead and the yards stremmgtliened by a preventer brace. They were carefully lowered overboard, and placed on the launch (one at a trip), with very comisid- erable risk, owing to the rolling of the ship. The launch was theim pulled along the warp to the edge of the surf, and the gnu rolled over- board. It was then dragged up by about 200 men pulling 111)011 a rope secured to it. It was a slow amid dangerous process, an(l only l)ossible iii a very smooth sea. The carriages, ammunition, & c., were landed in a similar way. Fort Fisher was carried by assault on the evening of January 15, and the disembarkation of my train was at once silspeii(le(l. Captain Hatfield, muy ordnance officer, was ordered by me to muake a survey of the fort. A copy of his sketch will be forwamded to the department upon his return from a leave of absence. The following list of captured gnus was takemi: Smooth-bore ordnance. Rifled ordnance. Good IMs- ToPd Good lbs. Totam. order. abled. order. abled. il-inch Brooke.. 2 2 8-inch Armstrong (150- 1 16 inch columbiad i:3 2 15 pounder). 10-inch sea-coast mortar - - -. 1 1 8-juch milakely 1 8-inch columbia-il 11 1 12 7-inch Brooke, double bands. 1 2 32-pounder, iron :1 4 7 6.4-inch Parrott, U. 5 I 32-pounder carronade 5 1 6 6.4-iucmi Brooke, double 4 24-pounder, iron 1 1 2 hands. 24-pounder Coehorn (iron) -. 2 2 6.4-inch. sin4e hand 4 2 6 12-pounder howitzer, UT. 5... 1 m 6.4-inch, no ha-iids 2 2 4 12-pounder howitzer, T. F. - 1 1 5.8-inch, no hands I m m2-pounder gun, U. s :3 3 46-inch hllakely 1 1 6-pounder gun, U. S 2 2 4.2-inch Parrott (No. 2) .... 1 6-pounder gun (iron) 1 1 4.2-inch, h,iided 1 1 1.5-inch gun 1 1 3-inch handed Richmond. - -. 2 2 Voliey gun 1 1 3-inch Whitwortli 1 1 22-inch Vhitworth,muzzle I 1 loader. Total 46~ ii 57 Total 21 7 28 1 1 1 Page 168 168 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYJIL Many of the carriages of the guns in good order were disabled. Jinniense quantities of ammunition, ordnance stores, & c., were taken. On January 20 a storm drove my vessels to sea, where they remained on the following day, returning on 22d. On this date General Terry relieved myself and staff, ordering me to report to Lieutenant-General Grant in I)ersOIJ, leaving my command temporarily te garrison Fort Fisher and my train afloat at Beanfort, N. C. I arrived at City Point on Jannary 24, when General Grant at on~e ordered my train and three companies back to these lines, an(l l)laee(l me specially in charge of preparing additional land batteries to oppose the rebel fleet. After making all n~ded arrangememits fbr placing four more 100-pounder Parrotts and three more 30-pounder Parrotts in position on James IRiver, I received a leave of absence for thirty days, starting omi January 27. With reference to such ami expeditiomi as that at Fort Fisher, I am fully of the opinion that the ordnance (siege) should be loaded on side- wheel steamers, on account of their greater steadiness. There are very fe~v days in the winter when a 30-pounder Parrott cami be landed from a l)rol)eller on an open beach. On relieving me General Terry published an order, a copy of which I inclose herewith. 1 am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY L. ABBOT, Bet. Brig. Gen. of Volunteers, Oa~ptain of Engineers, U. S. Army. Brig. Gen. RICHARD DELAFIELD, Chief Engineer, U. S. Army. [Iiiclosiire.] SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, No. 11. Fort Fisher, N~ C., January 22, 1865. * * * * * * * III. Bvt. Brig. 0-en. II. L. Abbot, U. S. Volunteers, is relieved from duty as chief of artillery of this expedition, and will proceed to City Point, Va., amid report to the lieutenant-general commanding the Armies of the United States. The major-general commanding desires to express to General Abbot his thanks for time zeal, ability, and energy evinced by him in landing the siege train of this command upon the open ocean beach under the most disadvamitageons circumstances. By order of Maj. 0-en. Alfred II. Terry: ADRIAN TERRY, Captain and Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS SIEGE ARTILLERY, Broadaay Landing, Va., ill arch 4, 1865. MAJOR: I would respectfully submit the following report, heretofore delayed by my absence, of the operations of my command during the iction with the rebel fleet in January last, and would request that it may be forwarded to department headquarters, with a favorable indorse- ment upon my application for brevets for the officers commanding the batteries: On time night of January 23, 1865, three rams, the woodemi gun-boat Drewry, a small steam torpedo-boat, and perhaps more, Passed For Page 169 CHAP. LVIII.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 169 Brady about 8 p.m., under cover of the darkness. They received about twenty-five shots from the fortarmament, two 100-pounder Parrotts and three 30-pounder Parrotts. The fort was instantly opened upon by the rebel land batteries, mounting some dozen gnus, and their fire soon disabled one of the 100-pounder guns. The fleet passed ou to a point near the rebel llowlett Battery, out of range of Fort Brady. My batteries below Fort Brady were three in number: Parsons and Wilcoxarmament, one 100-pounder Parrott and one 10-inch sea-coast mortar; SpotThrdarmament, one 30-pounder Parrott, placed in position about 7 a. mu ; and Sawyerarmament, one 100-pounder Parrott and two 10-inch sea-coast mortars. About 10 p. mu. a rain succeeded in reaching and began removing the obstructions, receiving thirty-one shots from the mortar in Wilcox and nine from those in Sawyer, with musketry fire from all the spare artillerymen while so engaged. At 3 a. m. one ram passed the obstructions and anchored about 600 yards above Sawyer, where she remained for forty-five minutes. This position was only exposed to mortar fire. One shell fired at 60 degrees elevation struck her, and she immediately moved up the river; nineteen shells ha(l been fired at her while lying in this position. During the night forty-four rounds from the 100-pounder and tweiity-four rounds from the mortar in Parsons and Wilcox and three rounds from the 100- pounder in Sawyer were fired at the fleet above the obstructions. The darkness prevented the effect of this fire from being known. At daylight two rams and the Drewry were discovered aground near left. bank, some 1,500 yards above Parsons. Fire was at once opened from that battery with long percussion-shell from the 100-pounder. The second shot struck the Drewry and the third exploded her magazine, (omn~)lctely destroying her. The following table shows the fire upon the fleet after daylight, before it escaped up the river, about 110011: 100-pounder. 10-inch sea- 30-pounder coast mortar. Parrott. Battery. commanding officer. -~ - Range. Fired. Hit. Fired. Hit. Fired. Hit. Yarda. Parsons and Wilcox Lient. H. A. Pratt, 1st 57 30 25 2 1, 500 Connecticut Artillery. Spofford Licut. C. N. 5illiman, 1st 62 27 1, 800 Connecticut Artillery. Sawyer Liout. E. P. Mason, 1st 21 7 31 2 2, 500 Connecticut Artillery. Total 78 37 56 4 62 27 As soon as the rams could get afloat they retreated out of range, near Howlett Battery, leaving the torpedo-boat aground. About 3 a. m. 011 the 25th tlmey escaped up the river past Fort Brady, receiving a unmuber of rounds in the darkness, several of which struck them. The ammunition used iii this engagement consisted in part of solid shot, and imin part of shellpercussion and timeand case. Unfortu- nately the line of fire when the ramus were aground was oblique, and the prqjectiles glanced off without penetrating. Officers on picket directly opposite, however, report that the armor was started and partially ripl)ed oft in a number of places. During the firing my batteries, especially Forts Brady and Parsons and Wilcox, were under a very heavy fire from the rebel land batteries. Three men were killed in th Page 170 170 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYLIL former, and a large number slightly injured from fragments, & c. The total firing, including those fired in reply to the rebel land batteries, was about 500 rounds of siege ammunition. Lieut. W. U-. Ball, Thir- teenth New York Artillery, also moved a 20-pounder Parrott (field gnu) to the bank of the river, and fired eighty-five rounds, at a range of about 1,400 yards, with creditable zeal. In my judgment, the determined reception which the rebel fleet received from my batteries, joined to the difficulties of navigation, which, under this fire, they could not overcome, saved this army from a serious disaster. The fire of the rebel laud batteries ll~Ofl mine was very severe. Several guns were struck; three shells passed nearly through the parapet of Fort Brady, and by their explosion knocked down many men with fragments of the revetnient. In all batteries the rebel fire was effective. I think that some reward is merited for so important services thus rendered, and therefore request that brevets may be coiiferred upon the following officers: First. Capt. H. H. Pierce, First Connecticut Artillery, commanding Fort Brady. This officer was actively engaged in the battle of the Petersburg Mine; was in charge of the artillery at Dutch Gap during about all the heavy firing there. He directed the fire upon the rebel fleet in James River last autumn, when it was driveui back with loss. During the last action (January 2324) with the rebel fleet he was knocked senseless and considerably iuujured by a shell which exploded very near him, but refused to be carried to the rear. He has been indefatigable in discharging his duty during the whole campaign. Second. First Lient. ii. A. Pratt, First Connecticut Artillery, com- manding Batteries Parsons and Wilcox, who has, on many occasions, done excellent service there during the summer. Third. First Lient. E. P. Mason, First Connecticut Artillery, com- mandin_ Battery Sawyer. Fourth. Second Lient. C. N. Silliman, First Connecticut Artillery, cominandin g Battery Spofford. Fifth. First Lient. XV. U-. Ball, Thirteenth New York Artillery, com- manding the light 20-pounder. Although his piece was practically of little utility, his efforts deserve reward. I would also request that a medal of honor may be bestowed upon Sergt. George L. Fox. Company II, First Connecticut Artillery, for his coolness, under a heavy fire, in pointing the piece which blew up the gun-boat I)rewry. He afterward strnck the rain six times in succession at a distance of nearly a mile. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, hENRY L. ABBOT, Colonel First Connecticut Artillery, Corn dg. siege A rtillery. Bvt. Maj. GEORGE A. HicKs, Assistant Adjutant- General, Bermuda Hundred Dfenses. HEADQUARTERS SIEGE ARTILLERY, Broadway Landing, Va., March 5, 1865. GENERAL: In obedience to the circular of July 29, 1864, I have the honor to submit the following report of my operations (luring the month of February, 1865: I was absent on leave of absence until February 27 Page 171 171 CHAP. LYIII.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. The following table exhibits the amount qf firing during the month on these lines: Coehorn mortar, 357; 8-inch siege mortar, 509; 10-inch siege mortar, 103; 30-pounder Parrott, 609; 4-inch gun, 63; 100- pounder Parrott, 1; field gulls, 3 rounds; making a total of 1,645 rounds, weighing about 32 tons, or at a rate of about 1.1 tons daily, an amount less than in any preceding month. There has been so much discussion of late as to the merits of the difterent kinds of guns and ammunition now in use in our service that I have decided to report upon certain records which I have been accu- mulating here, remarking that ~t is possible that future firing may modify the results obtained: First, as to endurance. The only failures have been the bursting of a 24-pounder Sawyer (rifled), and the blowing oft of the mnlIzzle of a 30- pollutler Parrott, caused by the explosion of a shell in the bore. The gun was not destroyed; the face was cut smooth with a cold chisel, an(l its accuracy seems Ilot impaired. The following table shows the extent of the tests, the record of a few guns showing the largest amount of firing being selected: One I tundred-poun der Parrott.No. 11, fired 302 times; No. 13, fired 533 times; No. 15, fired 304 times; No. 20, fired 458 times. All 01(1 guns; fired an unknown number of times before coming into my i~osses- sion. Thirty-pounder Parrott.No. 100, fired 1,210 times; No. 101, fired 1,404 times; No. 121, fired 970 times; No. 255, fired 1,487 times; No. 256, fired 1,472 times; No. 259, fired 1,392 times; apparently unin- ~jured. Four and one-half-inch ordnance.No. 41, fired 457 times; No. 89, fired 578 times; No. 96, fired 499 tilnes; No. 97, fired 519 times. All rendered dangerous from not being bouched when made; this is a great defect in these guns which should be removed. Eight-inch siege mortars.~o. 20, fired 1,530 times; No. 24, fired 1,614 times; No. 25, fired 1,521 times; No. 26, fired 1,536 times;No. 32, fired 2,015 times; No. 36, fired 2,016 times. Apparently uninjured, the vents, even, not showing much wear. Second, as to ammunition. The following tables explain themselves; they include February: Per cent. Kind of gun. Projectile. Nllrnl)er Usicer- Nniiib& r 14)0k Tumbled. service fired. tam, tested. grooves, able. 100-pounder Parrott - Parrott 1,355 87 1, 268 1,223 45 0.96 100-pounder Parrolt - - Rebel (captnred) -. 22 22 21 1 0. 95 30-pounder Parrott --- Parrott 8, 596 1. 738 7, 218 0, 924 234 0. 95 30-pounder Parrott ... Schenki, banded - 178 56 122 70 52 0. 57 30-poonder Parrott ... Rebel (captured) - 43 1 42 40 2 0. 95 4.5-inch ordnance . .. - Schenki 2, 062 520 2,342 1, 767 375 0. 82 4.5-inch orduane Dyer 1, 364 142 1, 222 981 241 0. 80 4.5-incb ordnance .. -. Absterdam (lead) 239 30 209 65 144 0. 31 20-ponuder Parrott.. - Parrott 572 67 505 432 73 0. 85 20-pounder l~~4rl~ott... Sebenki 49 49 46 3 0. 93 5.8-inch Sawyer a - --- 5awyer (danged) - - 10 10 19 1. 00 3.67-inch Sawyer Sawyer (lead) 125 20 305 81 24 0. 77 a Gnu burst Page 172 172 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD.) AND PA. [CHAP. LVII1. The tollowing table tests the fuses in use; it includes the February lirin g: Kind of fuse. Number Uncer- Number Burned Burned Did not Per cent. used. tam. tested. well, variably. burn, service- able. Parrott percussion 7, 649 2, 492 5, 157 4, 327 112 718 0. 83 time 2,822 662 2,160 1,712 119 :129 0.79 ~hkl (percussion 2,526 814 1,812 1,506 79 227 0.83 ~cen,.. combination... 359 210 149 83 22 44 0.55 Dyer, time 296 94 ~ 202 143 59 0. 70 Absterdam, percussion 236 48 188 99 27 62 0. 53 Tice, concussion 41 41 30 1 10 0. 73 Rebel (percussion 7 6 1 1 ~tirne 18 6 32 9 8 15 0.28 Sawyer, combination 135 47 88 75 2 11 0. 85 Bormasin 706 218 488 359 34 95 0. 73 13-inch mortar, wooden 218 54 164 328 18 18 0. 78 10-iuch mortar, wooden 2, 349 854 1,495 1,206 2:11 58 0.80 8.inch mortar, wooden 32, 527 1, 664 10, 863 9,557 815 491 0.87 Coeborn mortar, paper 13, 267 1, 706 11, 561 10, 495 470 596 0. 90 These figures are too simple and convincing to require remark, other than to explain that every possible care has been taken to secure accu- racy. They are taken from the daily reports of the batteries, where men are specially detailed, under the close supervision of the battery coin- mauder, to note the effect of every shot. If any uticertaiiity exists the shot is entered ~ and is itot included in the final ratio. I believe that such records have never before been attempted in actual service, and therefore regard theln as extrelilely valuable. I am, general, very resl)ectfully, your obedieiit servant, HENRY L. ABBOT, Capt. of Engineers, U. S. Army, Bvt. Brig. Ueu. of Vois., Comdg. Brig. Gen. RICHARD DELAFIELD, Cltief Engineer, U. S. Army. hEADQUARTERs SIEGE ARTILLERY Broadway Landiimg, Va., April 25, 1865. GENERAL: In accordance with the requirements of the circular of July 29, 1864, I have the honor to submit the following report for March, 1865: The following changes occurred in my command: On March 10 the three coinpallies of the First Comilsecticut Artillery returned from Fort Fisher, ~. C. On March 21 Major-General Hartsuff, commanding Defenses of Bermuda IlundI-ed, announced use as comusander of the artillery brigade of his command. This added a light battery to my forces, and thins placed me in command of eighteen companies; aggre- gate, 2,700 n~en and 199 gulls. Of these, eight companies were serving with tile Army of the Potomac, and ten with the Army of the James. Oii March 28 Brevet Major-General Hunt ordered me to report tempora- rily for the former to Major-General Parke, conminanding Ninth Corps. During the mouth I was detailed by Major-General Meade as a member of a board to examine certain officers of the Fifteenth New York Volun- teer Engineers, and by Lieutenant-General Grant as a member of two boards, one to rel)ort upon Col. Tal. P. Schaffuers system of artillery milling, and thie other upon Mr. It. L. Flemings incendiary shell. These boards all completed the work assigiied them and adjourned. The followimlg exhibits time firing of my batteries duriiig March: (Doe- horim mortar, 1,107 rounds; 8-inch Inortar, 461 rounds; 10-inch mortar Page 173 CHAP. INIH.l THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 173 139 rounds; 30-pounder Parrott, 485 rounds; 4k-inch ordnance, 342 rounds; making a total of 2,534 rounds, weighing about 25 tons, or at a rate of about 0.8 tons daily, an amount less than during any month of the siege. On March 25 an event occurred which well illustrated the advantages of the system of fortifications adopted by Colonel Duane, chief engi- neer, Army of the Potomac. This system consists, in general terms, of a series of small field-works, capable of containing a battery of artil- lery and aii infantry garrison of some 200 men each. They are closed at the gorge, well-protected with abatis or palisading, often supplied with bomb-proofs, and placed at intervak of about half a mile, on such ground as to well sweep the line in front with artillery fire. They are connected by strong, continuous infantry parapets, protected in front by obstacles. They differ from those of the rebel line chiefly in being closed at the gorge, which is rarely the case with the latter. Fort Stedman is one of the weakest and most ill-constructed works of the line, being not protected by abatis in rear, being masked on its right (just in rear of Battery No. 10) by a mass of bomb-proofs, rendered necessary by the terrible fire which has habitually had place in this vicinity, and being only about 200 yards distant from the enemys main line. The parapet had settled greatly during the winter, and, in line, the work was very liable to being carried by a sudden assault. Company K, First Connecticut Artillery, served mortar batteries in Batteries 9 and 10, and Conipany J~, First Connecticut Artillery, in Battery 12 and in Fort ilaskell. At about 4 a. m. of March 25, three divisions of the rebels, under General Gordon, made a sudden and well-arranged attack upon this fort. It was a complete surprise, and was successful. Their columns simultaneously swept over the parapet between Stedmami and Battery 9, over Battery 10, and over Battery 11, formed in rear of the fort, and carried it almost without opposition. From that time to daylight a hand-to-hand fight raged among the bomb-proofs and on the flanks of the enemys position. He assaulted Fort Haskell again amid again, but failed to carry it, or Battery No. 9, which, unlike the others named, is closed at the gorge. As soon as the light would admit, all my own artillery from Batteries 4,5,8, 9, and Fort Haskehl, and all the light artillery which General Tidball, chief of artillery, Ninth Corps, could concentrate upon the position, opened and maintained a terrible fire upon the enemy. No re-enforcements could join them across the plain, owing to this fire; their own position was entailing deadly loss upon them. The reserves of the line were rapidly assembling, and finally, about 8 a. mu., made a gallant charge, which resulted in the recovery of our works, all our artilleryeven including my Coehorn mortarsand in the capture of over 1,800 pris- oners. The following extract from rebel papers show the effect of our artillery fire: It was found that the inclosod works in the rear comnianding ~he enemys main line could only be taken at a great sacrifice The enemy massed his artillery so heavily in the neighboring forts, and was en- abled to pour such a terrible enfilading fire upon our ranks, that it was deemed best to withdraw. The enemy enfiladed us from right and left in the captured works to such an ex- tent that we could no longer hold them without the loss of many men, & c. If the inclosed works on right and left had not fixed a limit beyond which the enemy could not extend, I think a great disaster might have occurred; as it was, my regiments loss was heavy, being about sixty men Page 174 174 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [Cuii.. LYIlI. The remainder of the month was spent in cannonading and in placing guns for the great assault of April 2. My address is, Colonel First Connecticut Artillery, City Point, via Fort Monroe, Va. I am, general, very respectfully, & c., hENRY L. ABBOT, Captain of Engineers and Bet. Brig. Gen. of Volunteers. Brig. Gen. RICHARD DELAFIELD, Chief Engineer, U. S. Army. No. 10. Report of Maj. George Ager, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, of oper attons March 25. HEADQUARTERS SIEGE BATTERIES, Before Petersburg, Va., March 27, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to transmit the following as the part takeii by the batteries under my command in the action of March 25, 1865: About 4 a. m. the garrison of Battery No. 10, consisting of about sixty men of Company K, Capt. John M. Twiss commanding, were alarmed by the sentinel on guard, that the enemy were assaulting our lines. Before the mortars could be brought into action the enemy had captured the picket-line, and were advancing over the parapet. Small-arms were brought into use, and for a short time the enemy were held in check by a hand-to-hand conflict. Owing to the darkness the entire garrison of this advanced battery was captured. Captain Twiss having been wounded, went to time rear, where a portion of his company was stationed, formed them, and continued tile action from bomb-proof to bomb-proof. By this time the enemy had flanked him on the right and loft, and receiving no support lie conducted his meit to Battery No. 4, where he reported to mne. Lieutenant Odehl, command- ing one sectiomi of this battery, was killed at the commencement of the assault. At daylight I was imiforined that Fort Stedmnan, including Battery No. 10, was in possession of tile enemy, and that they were massing troops there. I immediately ordered Batteries Nos. 4, 5, 8, amid 9 to concentrate their fire on the fort amid vicinity. This was (lone with good effect until our troops prepared to charge and retake the line. Battery No. 12, on the left of Stedman, opened fire at time first alarm, and contimined until the enemy had formned a line of battle in their rear, when the mortars were turned amid several shells thrown ainomig the troops there forming. But finding themselves the particular object of time enemys fire, and it being impossible to serve tIme pieces any longer, Lieutenant Lewis, commanding, led his men by the left to Fort ilaskell, where this company with small-arms assisted in repulsing the assaults on this fort, at the same time directing their mnortar fire on the battery previously occupied. Having been informed that a charge was to be made by the infantry to retake the limme, I ordered Lieutenaimt Casey,. who had reported to me with the remainder of K Company, to follow up, and, if successful, to take possession of Battery No. 10 and prepare for immediate action. This was done with promuptimess. He amid his small detachment, arriving at the works with the cli arging column, found the implements destroyed and carried off; making it impossible to use the mortars Page 175 ChAP. LYUI.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 175 The following is a list of casualties and ammunition expended at the several batteries: Casualties. Ammunition expended. Killed. Wounded. Missing. ~ ~ z 0 ~ 0 ~ a 5 On a ~ no ~ 0~ ~ n a ~ a a ~ ~ .4~ 0 0 ~ 0 0 c~ 0 ~ Rounds. Reund8. Rounds. Rounds. Rounds. Battery4, Company I Battery SCompany E 136 Batteries 8 and 178 89 9 266 BatterylO 1 4 1 2 36 Batter. 1 5 13 240 Fort Haskell ~ -- I 225 43 Fort Morton 33 FortEmery I In conclusion I take great pleasure in saying that the conduct of both officers and men is deserving of the highest praise, and for prompt- ness and energy could not be excelled. Especially I may mention Captain Twiss, commanding Company K, at Battery No. 10; also Lieu- tenant Casey. Through the energetic efforts of these officers the enemy were kept in check long enough to enable the works on their right and ieft to prepare for action and repulse the assaults. Lieutenant Lewis, commanding Company L, at Battery No. 12 and Haskell, Lieutenants Biugham and Couch, of the same company, are deserving of much credit for the maimer in which these batteries were served. Lieutenant Bangs, Company E, at Battery No. 5, deserves to be mentioned, for though the fire of three separate batteries was directed oii his work, it was entirely ignored, and his concentrated fire of four 8.inch mortars and two 30-pounder guns was directed on Fort Stedman, and with terrible effect. At his battery one of the enemys shells pen- etrated and burst inside the magazine, and though there were four barrels of powder in it at the time, strange to say it failed to ignite, and no injury was done. GEORGE AGER, Major First Connecticut Artillery, Commanding. Lieut. C. W. FILER, First Connecticut Arty., Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [First indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS SIEGE ARTILLERY, Broadway Landing, Va., March 29, 1865. Respectfully forwarded to artillery headquarters, Army of the Poto- mac. I proceeded to the spot when notified of the attack, and was personally cognizant of the accuracy of most of Major Agers report. The only thing which should be added is, that he himself exhibited great judg- ment and skill in commanding his batteries and that his exertions con- tributed much to the successful result of the affair. By his concen- tric fire the enemy were severely cut up and demoralized both while trying to form and when on their retreat. HENRY L. ABBOT, Brevet Brigadier- Ucueral of Volunteers, Commanding Page 176 176 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP, LVIII. [Second indorsement.] ARTILLERY HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OP THE POTOMAC, June 1, 1865. This report, received after the active operations of the recent cam- paign coiumenced,is respectfully forwarded to be placed amongst the other reports of the action of the 25th of March, when the enemy attacked and for a short space held Fort Stedinan. The reports of the siege batteries were not made to Major.General Parke, commanding the lines at that point. HENRY J. HUNT, Brevet Major- General, Commanding. No. 11. Report of Capt. Henry H. Pierce, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Port Brady, of operations January 2325. FORT BRADY, VA., January 26, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to report that, pursuant to written instruc- tions from headquarters Department of Virginia and North Carolina, dated January 21,1865, every available officer and man in my command was put hard at work to get my fort, then much damaged by recent raitis, in readiness to receive the rebel rams. All hands worked with a will, and, as far as possible, everything was in good and seasonable order. Previous to their coming had verbal notification from the same source as the written. About 8 p. m. January 23 my lookout man, stationed on the parapet, di~covered the rams approaching, floating, not steaming, down the river. Thanks to the vigilance of my own officers and men and those of Cap- tain Bach, commanding colored supports, I was not taken by surprise, as no alarm was given by our pickets on the opposite shore nearly a mile above, and the first shot fired at the enemys boats was from my own heavy guns. Gave them in the neighborhood of twenty-five shots while floating a distance of thirty or forty rods; should have given them more had my best gun, left I 00-pounder, not beeii dismounted at the second shot by one of the enemys shell and my two left 30-pound- ers been run off the platforms, owing to their (platforms) being too miar- row to admit of any but direct fire. Put the latter pieces in position again and fired them; also moved my right 30-pounder, previously so placed as not to bear on the river, by hand, outside the fort into the ditch, but, owing to the extreme difficulty of moving it in the mud, was unable to get it there in season to use before the boats had passed; this gun, however, did good service on their return. In consequence of the mal-construction of Fort Brady, was unable to fire down the river; and by reason of the embrasiires having been built with special reference to the enemys land batteries, my left 100- pounder being destroyed, was prevented from injuring the boats after passing a certain point, and that point above my work. The rams came down by twos, lashed together, which was the cause of my mistaking, in the obscurity of the night, the actual nwnber for three, as I reported by orderly to department beadquartev~ Page 177 CH~. LYTH.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. iTt The construction and position of my battery ~vith regard to the crest of the river-bank renders it little adapted for protection against gun- boats, and my paral)et is so low on the down-river side that they could completely enfilade inc with their stern guiis without receiving a shot in return. Filled and placed sand-bags there during the night of the 23d to form a slight barrier. During all this time the enemy were incessantly annoying us from their land batteries, comprising sixteeii or more heavy guns, making good shots all the while. I)id not pay much attention to them until the next day morning, when they opened one gun from Semmnes in direction of our Sawyer battery. As I could get a good range, opened aimd dismounted it; all the enemys guns replied to my fire, but should not have stopped had I not received orders from department head- quarters to cease~ dismounted another of their pieces before the order reached here. After the boats went down, apparently somewhat crippled, had verbal and written instructions from General Turner, chief of staff; to be on the watch for their return. Had all my serviceable pieces loaded and l)Ointed, and threw out pickets as far dowim as Dutch Gap. Am greatly indebted to Captain Bach amid the officers under him lbr their coolness and willingimess to take every pains to give inc timely warning. About 3 a. in. January 25 was apprised by Captain Bachs pickets of the return of the boats; was on the lookout and had all prepared; waited until they caine directly opposite, fired, amid knocked over the smoke-stack of the leading one (this was accomplished by the gun in the ditch); thought she was simiking, but the next boat took her in tow. Sent one shot at each of the rams and iromi-clads, five in all, from the same l)iece as they passed by, then had to wait until they arrived in fromit of my three remaining pieces. Worked them as rapidly and surely as possible, and succeeded in sending sonic 125 solid shot at themim before steaming out of range. Struck thiemn time after time, as the sound showed, but the shots crumbled or glanced off. All this was under a terrific fire; the enemy putting from 1,000 to 1,500 heavy shell in and around my battery. Was at no time silenced by their gumis. Consider the rebel boats to have been much crippled in their passage down and up. Looking at the caliber and position of my gnus, the weakness of miy parapet, amid the severity of the enemys fire, cannot but deemn it fortu- nate that the affair turned out so favorably. But three mentwo engineers and one colored supportwere killed inside the work; upward of forty of my company were knocked d~wn by splinters, & c., and slightly scratched, but none so injured as to be unfitted for immediate duty. Cannot help speaking again and again of the splendid behavior of my officers, Lieutenants Demimig and Miller, and of my men. Am accountable in a great measure to them for the entire success of the whole affair. Since writing the above, have discovered that ummy other and only 100- pounder was cracked at the muzzle by one of the enemys shell; can use it in case of necessity. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. H. PIERCE, Gaptaiu, First Connecticut Artillery. First Lient. C. A. TRUESDELL, Adjutant First Connecticut Artillery. 12 H HVOL XLVI, PT Page 178 178 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYTIL No. 12. Report of Capt. William C. Paxon, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Fort Emery, of operations March 25. FonT EMERY ~AVERY], VA., March 25, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to report that in the engagement this morning I fired thirty-three percussion-shellten at a body of the enemys troops occupying a position in rear of Fort Stedman and the remainder in reply to the 8-inch coluinbiad and light gulls immediately in my front, which opened on this fort and on our own troops passing in rear, and which were silenced. The firing on the enemys troops was by direction of a major on the staff of Major-General Parke, who pointed out the position, and who reported that it did considerable damage to the enemy. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servalit, W. C. FAXON, Captain, First Connecticut Artillery, Commanding Battery. Lient. W. S. MALONY, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, & ege Batteries. No. 13. Report of Licut. Henry A. Pratt, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Batteries Parsons and Wilcox, of operations January 23-24. BATTERY PARSONS, VA., January 28, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to forward the following report of the part taken by Batteries Parsons and Wilcox in the late engage- ment with the rebel rains: About 10 p. m. January 23 intelligence was brought that one ram had passed the picket-line and that another was in sight. Owing to the extreme darkness they were not visible from my batteries until close at hand. One was so far dowit that my gun could not be brought to bear ~pon it. I therefore ol)ened on the lower one with my mortar and on the river above with my 100-pounder. The lower one put out anchor at the obstructions and begaii to clear a passage. I placed six men at the river edge to watch them. To annoy the working party, my spare men opened with musketry. Lieutenant Bergin, in charge of the mor- tar, fired thirty-one rounds at the obstructions; of these twenty-nine burst a few feet above the water, just over the obstructions; two did not burst. At about midnight the first rant passed the obstructions, and was soon followed by a second. Meantime the fire from the 100- pounder continued, but owing to the darkness it was impossible to observe the effect. After an hour or two the rams returned and pro- ceeded a short distance up the river. TWO other boats were reported as lying together under the iowlett Battery, landing troops on the left bank of the river. Both batteries continued their fire until morning the mortar firing with long fuses at the rains; the gun directing an occasional shell at the rams when their smoke revealed their position Page 179 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 179 but mostly using case-shot to annoy the sul)posed binding party; solid shot were reserved for daylight. The night firing was very uncertain, as there was no means of correcting the range. It is probable that several shots from the gun may have ~truck the rams, as they were heard to strike and richochet, aiid it was observed during the day that shots which struck the water did not richochet. During the night forty-four rounds were fired from the gun, fifty-five from the mortar thirty-one at the obstructions as before stated, the remaining tweiity- four at the rams on their return from below. At daybreak I discovered that two rams and one wooden gun- boat were apparently aground on the left sidie of the James. The largest ram and the gun-boat were together, the boat partly behind the ram. Some 300 or 400 yards to the right was the smaller ram. I estimated the distance from Bat- tery Parsons at about 1,500 yards. The rams were so situated that the line of fire from my battery was very far from perpendicular to their broadside; this caused the projectiles to easily glance offi As soomi as the breech-sight could be used I opened with long percussion-shell, Sergeant Fox pointing the gun; the second shell struck the wooden boat, the third, fired at aim elevation of four degrees, penetrated it, caus- ing a magnificent explosion. As soon as the smoke lifted struck the rain with a percussion-shell, which bounded off; we then tried solid shot; of six fired at the larger ram, one did not take time grooves, five struck it fair. I then directed to fire at the smaller ram, Corporal Hunt pointing; of nine solid shots, one did not take the grooves, one went over, seven struck the ram. I theu used long shell again, next short shell, last case-shot. Fired in all, after daybreak, from the 100. pounder, fifty-seven rounds. While firing the last fourteen the rammis were in motion and the last disappeared as I fired my last round. Of the forty-three rounds fired at the boat and rams, while stationary, three did not take the grooves, four wemit over, ten fell a little short,~ twenty-six strnck fair. Of the fourteen fired while the rams were mov- ing, four struck fair, ten fell short; probably nearly every shot would have struck the mark had I not been obliged to change tIme ammuinmi- tiomm so many times; some which fell shirt struck time rams, I think, below their water line. I wished, if possible, to get under tlmeir armor. I (heem the long shell superior in accuracy to the other ammunition, solid shot come next; out of thirteen solid shot which took the grooves, after daybreak, only one failed to strike the rains. Sergeant Fox struck them six times in succession, Corporal Hunt, five, with long shell and solid shot. During the forenoon twenty-five mortar shells were fired with long fusestwo struck a ram, others struck very close; the charge used was two l)ounds and upward. The engagement closed about noon, the 24th, the flood tide enabling the rams to float. The rebel land batteries opened on Battery Parsons with mortars, coluin- biads, amid light pieces, about a dozen in number; the smaller rain fired one shot, the only one fired by the rebel navy. Officers on picket directly opposite the rams state that most of my shots glanced oft but that the armor of the rams was started and partially ripped off in a number of places. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. PRATT, First Lieutenant, First Gonnecticut Artillery, Commanding Batteries Parsons and Wilcox. Lient. T. J. BEERS, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General Page 180 180 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVI1L No. 14. Report of Lieut. Frank D. Bangs, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Battery No. 5, of operations March 25. BATTERY 5, March 25, 1865. LIEUTENANT: In obedience to Orders, No. 11, from headquarters Siege Batteries, I have the honor to report, that I was aroused about 4 oclock this a. in. by firing in the vicinity of Fort Stedman; upon going out found that the enemy had broken our line at that point and taken the fort. I immediately ordered my compaiiy to fall iii; stacked arms; manned the pieces; caused the company rations to be brought inside the inclosure, but refrained froiu firing (except one gnu on Chesterfield) until I was certain of the position of our own and the enemys troops. The enemys batteries, both guns and mortars, fired hotly upon me, bat I preferred keeping my ammunition for their infantry, expecting to be cut off from communicatiomi with headquarters and not knowing when I could get any more. As soon as I was sure of the enemys where- abouts I opened upon them with two 30-pounder gumis and three 8-inch mortars, and continued the fire until they were driven back to their own line. From my own observation, and the report of others ~vho were nearer, I am confident that the fire of this battery was very effective and aided materially in hastening the retreat of the enemy from Fort Stedman. The only serious damage received by this battery was by a 30-pounder shell from the Chesterfield, which penetrated the right magazine and exploded inside, killing one mail; but by what I consider a providence in our favor, the powder, of which there was four barrels in the magazine, did not explode. After the repulse of the enemy from Fort Stedman, I turned the battery on the battery of the enemy, who had been annoying me; their fire soon slackened, and finally ceased entirely, when, after shelling out a sharpshooter who has been giv- ing rue some trouble, I gave the order to cease firing and repair damn- ages. The amount of ammunition expended you will find in the report of the day. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRANK D. BANGS, First Lieutenant, First Connecticut Artillery, Comndg. Battery. Licut. W. S. MALONY, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Siege Batteries. I would mention that both officers and men behaved in the most gal- lant manner, never flinching, always at their posts, cool, brave, and efficient. F. D. BANGS, First Lieutenant, Commanding. No. 15. Report of Licut. Henry D. Patterson, First 61onnecticut Heavy Artil lery, commanding Fort Morton, of operations March 25. FORT MORTON, VA., March 26, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report that I fired forty-three mortar shell and five 4k-inch percussion-shell yesterday. I opened tw Page 181 CHAP. LVIII.] 181 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. mortars on Cemetery Hill battery, which was firing on our troops in rear of Fort Haskell. The other mortars were directed on the batteries near the Petersburg pike. They burst a large number of shell in the fort, wounding four men of the Fifty-first Pennsylvania; 110 casualties in Company A. They opened one new mortar where they were digging day before yesterday, in rear of the Crater. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. D. PATTERSON, Lieutenant, First Connecticut Artillery, Commanding Battery. Lient. W. S. MALOKY, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Siege Batteries. No. 16. Report 9f Lie~tt. Ebenezer P. Mason, First ~Jonnecticut Heavy Artillery, comm an ding Battery Sawyer, of operations January 2324. BATTERY SAWYER, James River, Va., January 29, 1865. SIR: Pursuant to instrnctionsfrom headquarters Siege Artillery, Line of Bermuda Hundred, dated January 28, 1865, I have the honor to sub- mit the following report of the part taken by this battery iii the engage- inent with the rebel rams on the 23d and 24th instant: About 8 p. in. the 23d Fort Brady opened fire; the Cox Ferry bat- teries replied; I opened, hoping to draw the enemys fire from Fort Brady, in order to enable Captain Pierce to serve his gnus more rapidly on the rebel rams, if they were in the river. I was partially successful, drawing the fire of two 10-inch columbiads and one 8-iiich rifled gun. I expended five case-shot, six percussion-shell, 100-pounder, and five 10-inch mortar shell. At 10 p. m. Lieutenant Reed, commanding navy picket detachment, reported to me that a high-pressure side-wheel steamer lay at the obstructions and was attempting to remove them, and that two rams lay in the channel about 400 yards above. The night was so dark that I was unable to discover their exact positions excepting by the explosion of the shell from Battery Parsons. I fired at tile rams three 100-pounder solid shot, at intervals of about fifteen minutes, with what effect I am unable to tell, and at the steamer nine 10-inch mortar shell, ucaily all of which burst well, annoying the men at work on the obstructions very munch. At 12.30 a. m. the rams dropped down tile river to the obstruc- tions where my 100-pounder would not bear on them. At 3 a. in. the 24th one rain dropped down the stream opposite Sleepy Hollow, about 550 yards from the battery, and remained there at anchor about forty- five minutes. While she lay there one mortar shell, fired at 60 degrees elevation, charge twelve ounces, without bursting charge, struck her on the deck without a~y visible effect; immediately after, however, she hove up her anchor and changed her position. Thinking it might be her intention to land a force of marines and attack the battery and destroy the signal tower, I posted the supernumerary men (about thirty), with muskets, near the wharf, to prevent any boats landing. The rain, after dropping down stream about 100 yards, changed her course and steamed up the river out of sight; not being able to discover her position I ceased firing until daylight. While she lay opposite Sleepy Hollow I fired at her nineteen mortar shell, at 60 degrees elevation, without bursting charge; I cannot state positively that but one struck her. The firing was very accurate, all the shell striking within a radiu Page 182 182 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. Lviii. often yards. Soon after daylight I discovered the rams in the channel about 2,000 yards distant, and partially covered by the bank of the river and a grove of trees. I again opened and fired from the 100-pounder six case-shot, three percussion, and twelve solid shot, and from the mortars thirty-one shell; four solid shot, one percussion, two case-shot, and two mortar shells struck the rams. From this point the only visible damage was by the case-shot, which perforated the smoke-stacks; the percussion-shell burst against her side. The solid shot did not appear to penetratesome of them after striking rolled back into the water, others ricochetted beyond. I also fired after daylight at the land batteries (not being able to bear on the rams), with the 100-pounder, eleven case-shot. At about 12 m. the rams succeeded in getting oft~ the bar and steamed around the bend. During the morning of the 24th the battery received the fire of three 10-inch columbiads, one 8-inch and oiie 7-inch rifled gun. No casualties occurred. The nien behaved with the utmost coolness and served the pieces with skill and alacrity. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. P. MASON, First Lient., First Regiment Connecticut Arty., .6o~ndg. Battery. Lient. CHARLES A. TRUESDELL, Adjutant First Connecticut Artillery. No. 17. Report of Lieut. John OBrien, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Battery No. 4, of operations Miarch 25. BATTERY No. 4, Before Petersburg, Va., March 2G, 18G5. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part sustained by Company I, First Connecticut Artillery, the garrison ot Battery No. 4, during the engagement of yesterday: At 4 oclock in the morning I heard firing on the line near Battery No. 10, but I supposed it was wholly confined to the pickets. At 5.30, an hour and a half later, I saw indications that an advance had beeti made by the enemy upon our lines near Battery No. 10. I had the company nuder arms and made arrangements for a defense, when I received orders to open on the enemy, who were now ii possession of Fort Stednian and Battery No. 10; these orders were received at day- light. I fired 130 rounds of percussion and 6 rounds of time-fuse shell, nearly all of which were thrown into an advancing column of the enemy, which was in rear of the last-named work. About fifteen shell were thrown into the Chesterfield battery. This 1)attery opened upon Bat- tery No. 5 and the line of works near it, and six shell were thrown into a retreating column of the enemy when it was on the plain in front of - Battery No. 9. Fearing an advance, in case of the failure of a pend- ing charge by our forces, fired only when the enemys troops were in sight, having only about 100 rounds for each piece (three pieces).. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN OBRIEN, First Lient., First Connecticut Artillery, Comdg. Battery No. 4. Lient. W. S. MALONY, A. A. A. G., /S~iege Batteries, Before Petersburg, Va Page 183 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 183 No. 18. Report of Lieut. Robert Lewis, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, corn- mandng Company L, of operations March 25. BATTERY No. 12, Before Petersburg, Va., March 25, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report the part taken by Capt. William U. Prides company (L), First Connecticut Artillery, in the engagement of 25th instant. it was reported to nie at 4 a. m. that the enemy were advancing and then past our picket-line. I immediately ordered the company to stand to their pieces, which order was scarcely complied with, whenai~ officer of the T~vent.y-ninth Massachusetts reported to me that Battery No. 11, 100 yards on my right, was occnl)ied by the enemy and the most of his command taken prisoners. 1 immediately commenced shelhitig Battery No. 11 until ordered by a battalion commander to cease firing, which I immediately complied with, as 1 saw his battalion ready to charge and retake the work. I then saw two lines of the enemy advancing on my position from the rear, the rear line at about SOt) yards distance; these I shelled by reversing my mortars until they came within lOG yards, when I ceased firing on them with mortars and opened with musketry. seeing the strength of the enemy, which I think must have been 1,000, and being without support on either flank, I ordered the company to Fort LIaskell, which place was ieached, with a loss of thirteen men taken prisoners. On joining Lieutenant Binghams detachment at Fort Has- kell, I opened fire on my old battery, No. 12, and on Fort Stedman from two Coehorn mortars, which I kept up until the enemy were driven out; Lieutenant Bingham, in the meantime, replying to the enemys batteries in front from the other two Coehorns. As soon as our infan- try came within 150 yards of Battery 12, Lieutenant Couch and Sergeant McNamara re-entered the work, taking 1 lieutenant of the Twenty-sixth Georgia Regiment and 12 muen prisoners. As soon as we regained the battery, I opened fire on the retreating rebels and on their picket-lines, from four Coehorn mortars, which was continued until they had nearly all regained their lines. I am much indebted to Lieutenant Conch and Sergeant McNamara for their coolness and decision during the engagement; to them I must ascribe the small loss in prisoners by the company. I would also recom- mend to your notice Private James T. Murphy, Company L, First Con- necticut Artillery, for distinguished bravery during the engagement, he having been in charge of a light 12-pounder gun of the Third New Jersey Battery, after most of the cannoneers belonging to the piece were dis- abled. The following is the loss of Company L, First Connecticut Artillery, duritig the engagement: 1 enlisted man killed, 5 wounded, and 13 missing (supposed to be prisoners). I am, sir, yours, most respectfully, R. LEWIS, First Licut., First Connecticut Artillery, Comdg. Company L. Lient. W. S. MALONY Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Siege Batteries Page 184 184 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CUaP. LVIII. No. 19. Report of J9ieut. Azro Drown, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, com manding Battery No. 9, of operations March 25. SIEGE BATTERIES, No. 9, Before Petersburg, Va., March 26, 1865. LIEUTENANT: In compliance with order No. 11, I have the honor to make the following report: As soon as the alarm was given by the pickets on the morning of the 25th instant, I immediately manned my pieces and opened fire on the enemys line of battle, which was formed directly in my front; this line soon being broken, I directed n~y fire upon Fort Stednian, Battery No. 10 and vicinity; and also upon the road leading from the rear of Fort Stedman and Battery 10, passing the rear of my battery, this road being occupied by the enemy in force to a point within 200 yards of my bat- tery; Fort Stedman and Battery No. 10 also being occupied by the enemy, they having turned their pieces upon my batteryone shot from Fort Stedman striking my magazine. I kept up a steady fire upon these points, with good efl~ct, until the enemy commenced retreat- ing, when I shelled their retreating columns, until the last of them disappeared behind their works. The enemys mortar and gun bat- teries on my front kept up a steady fire upon my battery during the action, but I made 110 re~)ly to them. My works were Somewhat dam- aged by the enemys fire, but fortunately there were no casualties among my meii. 1 expended during the action 266 rounds of ammunition, all of which exploded well, as far as could be observed, with the exception of a few rounds which I fired with fuses not quite long enough for the range my long fuses all being expended. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. DROWN, Second Lieut., First Connecticut Artillery, Comdg. Battery. Lieut. W. S. MALONY, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Siege Batterie8. No. 20. Report of Lieut. William H. H. Bingham, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. FORT flASKELL, VA., March 25, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by my detachment of Company L, First Connecticut Artil- lery, in the engagement of the 25th instant, before Petersburg: I was apprised of the attack of the enemy about 4 a. iii. by heavy musketry firing on my right near Fort Stedman, which place was very soon reported to have fallen into their possession. I immediately ordered my men under arms, marched them to their pieces, amid awaited further developments of the enemys movements. I very soon detected a strong skirmish line of emmemy advancing in our own front; they had reached and commenced to remove the abatis.. I immediately directe Page 185 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 185 my men to nian the parapet with their small-arms, as the enemy were too close for mortar firing, and much depended upon a well-manned parapet at that critical moment. The enemy were soon repulsed by canister and infantry fire, and retired in the direction of Fort Stedinan. My attention was then given to the enemys artillery in our immediate front, which annoyed us much. I deemed it not expedient to fire my mortars from their platforms, as the contiguous parapet was heavily manned by infantry, and the effect of mortars being fired over their heads would have been demoralizing. Two of them were fired from the terre-plein and t~vo from unoccupied gun platforms. Upon being joined by Lieutenant Lewis, commanding Company I, was informed that Bat- tery No. 12 and line to the right was in the possession of the enemy. Two of my mortars were then trained upon the captured works, which were soon evacuated. The enemy retreated to their works in confused masses, rendered none the less so by the concentrated fire of my mortar battery, whose shell struck in their midst, doing, I believe, good ene- cution. The engagement lasted about four hours, in which time I expended 225 rounds Coohorn shells, sustaining no casualties in my own detachment. I cannot speak in too high terms of the conduct of my men through- out the engagement. Those not employed firing the mortars made very good use of their small-arms. I think 1 am not saying too much by stating that the gallant manner in which Fort Haskell was defended checked what seemed at first to be a disaster, but by our continued efforts was rendered a success. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM H. H. BINGHAM, Lieutenaut, First Connecticut Artillery. Lient. W. S. MALONY, Second Lieutenant, First Connecticut Artillery, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 21. Report of Lieut. James 11. Casey, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. BATTERY K, FIRST CONNECTICUT ARTILLERY, Before Petersburg, Va., March 26, 1865. LiEUTENANT: I have the honor herewith to report the part my com- pany took in the engagement of the 25th of March, 1865. The first intiumatiomi we had of the attack was by hearing the yelling and firing all around us. As soon as we reached our mortars we found the enemy on all sides of us, and we were driven back after hard fight- ing and being flanked. Licut. John Odell was killed at the beginning of time fight, amid Captain Twiss was wounded, so the charge of the company devolved on Lieutenant Casey, who, after having been driven back, collected some of the company amid reported to Major Ager at Battery No. 4. He remained there a short time, and was then ordered to proceed with the company to the battery, now being charged upon by our forces, amid if it was taken to open fire with the mortars. He found the implements destroyed and scattered about, so that he was unable to fire any Page 186 186 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVHI.1 The companys loss sums up to 49 in killed, wounded, and missing; there were 4 killed, 4 wounded, and the rest are missing. We took some prisoners, but how many I cannot tell. We have lost none of our pieces, and only one is damaged, and that slightly. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES II. CASEY, Second Lieutenant, First Connecticut Artillery. Lient. XV. S. MALONY, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Siege Batteries. No. 22. Report of Licut. Charles N. Silliman, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, commanding Battery Spofford, of operations January 24. BATTERY ANDERSON, VA., January 30, 1865. LIEUTENANT: Iii accordance with instructions, 1 have the honor to make the following report as the result of the artillery practice at Bat- tery Spofford, Va., during the engagement with the enemys rams on the 24th instant: At about 7 a. mu. I opened fire from one 30-pounder Parrott gun, at ait elevation of 4 degrees, the distance to the first ram being Thout 1,700 yards. The first shot fired tumbled, and consequently fell short; the second took the grooves and struck the boat imear the smoke-stack the shot having no visible effect. Of the number of shots fired, but two failed to take the grooves. I fired during the engagement sixty- two projectiles, of which six were solid shot, forty-eight percussion- shell, and eight fuse-shell; of the number fired, twenty-seven struck the rains with no visible effect, with the exception of one solid shot, which, 1 think, penetrated near the forward port-hole on he~ starboard side; several shell struck near the smoke-stack, and 1 think some of them perforated it. Of the six solid shot fired, five struck the rams, and all, with the one exception, either glanced off or were crushed against her sides. I think had more solid shot been at hamid, the result would have beemi much more sa~ i sfiictory. Very respectfully, CHAS. N. SILLIMAN, Second 1ieut., First Connecticut Arty., Corn dg. Battery Spofford. Lient. THOMAS J. BEERS, Battalion Adjutant. No. 23. Report of Lient. George Booth, Ninth Battery Massachusetts Light Artillery, of operations March 25. FORT RICE, March 26, 1865. SIR: In compliance with your circular of to-day, I have the honor to report that my command was not actively engaged, further than firin Page 187 CHAP. LYIJI.} THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 187 one round of spherical case during the attack of the morning of the 25th. The first intimation I had of the attack was by hearing mortars shortly before 5 a. m. I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant, GEG. BOOTH, Second Lieutenant, Ninth Massachusetts Battery, Commanding Gun Detachments in Port Rice. Lient. GEORGE W. BOOTH, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 24. Report of Capt. Joseph W. B. IVright, Fourteenth Battery Massachu setts Light Artillery, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS FOURTEENTH MASSACHUSETTS BATTERY, Near Meades Station, Va., March 26, 1865. LIEUTENANT: In accordance with circular order, headquarters Artillery Brigade, Ninth Army Corps, dated March 26, 1865, I have the honor to make report of operations during the action of the 25th instant, the substance of statements of enlisted men engaged. The men of the section of this battery in position in Battery 10 were aroused shortly after 4 oclock on the morning of the 25th instant by cries and yells, apparently just outside the works in front of the guns and on the works to the right. The men immediately repaired to their pieces and, under the charge of a lieutenant and non-commissioned offi- cers, commenced firing. The right piece was loaded and discharged through its embrasure; the vent piece was blown out by this discharge. The left piece was fired immediately after the right. Directly upon the discharge of these two pieces the enemy appeared upon the parapet in front of and inside the works to the right of the first piece, which they surrounded and captured, together with its detachment, a por- tion afterward escaping. The eneuiy were almost instantly supported by others iii front of the second piece, which was being reloaded. Before the friction primer could be inserted, the cannoneers of the second gnu were surrounded and captured; the corporal afterward escaped. While loading the guns the sound of axes was heard in front. The men report that between the time of their arousal and the capture of the guns they noticed but a very little nmusketry and no artillery fire whatever. The lieutenant commanding the ~sectiomm was killed near the guns; the acting corporal of the guard was captured; and the sentimmel on post at the guns at the time was wounded and is absent at hospital, where unknown. There was prnsent with the sec- tion one officer and eighteen enlisted men, two of whoni were wounded and eleven are missing. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. W. B. WRIGHT, Captain, Commanding Fourteenth Massachusetts Battery. Lient. GEORGE W. BOOTH, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Artillery Brigade, Ninth Army Corp& Page 188 188 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., Mi)., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. No. 25. Report of Bet. Maj. Christian Woerner, Thtrd Battery New Jersey Light Artillery, of operations March 25. THIRD NEW JERSEY BATTERY, Port Iliaskell, March 26, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to report to you the following details of yes- terday mornings engagement with the enemy: Before daylight of yesterday morning much yelling was heard from the dfrection of Fort Stedman, also much picket-firing from tire (Ii rection of Forts McGilvery and Stedman. Soon after two guns were fired from Fort Stedman. I did not understand what was going on. Soon after I saw a strong column of infantry marching in close column froiii Fort Stedman on Fort ilaskell, inside of our line of breast-works and between the breast-works and camps, which I supposed to be our infantry, it being still so dark that they could not be distinctly seen. There seemed to be no mcii along the breast-work, and the advancing column came without resistance to within 100 yards of this fort, when they broke and, covering themselves behind the tents and huts, opened a strong fire on this fort. At the same time several field and mortar batteries of the enemy commenced shelling this fort, and I immediately opened upon the above-mentioned infantry force with canister, in a short time completely silencing them. Now another infantry force was seen forming in the rear of Fort Stedman and advancing in line of battle and with waving colors on Fort Ilaskell. I brought one of my guns in position in the right corner of this fort, commanding our line between Forts ilaskell and Stedman, and fired on them with canister rapidly, inflicting to them severe loss and forcing them to run back toward Fort Stedman aiid their own lines and to seek shelter behind the tents and huts. Mean- while our infantry charged up to our breast-works from the rear, and that part of the enemy covering in and behind the huts and tents threw off their arms and surrendered, while the others were retreating in dis- order and confusiomi from Fort Stedman and its vicinity to their lines. This retreating lasted for about half an hour, and I directed the fire of my guns on them with very good effect. At about 7.30 oclock Fort Stedmuan was again in possession of our trool)s and the Union flags in it. During the whole engagement Fort Haskell was vigorously shelled by several field aiid mortar batteries, but I could reply with only one gun, the others being engaged with Fort Stedman and the enemy assaulting this fort. The great many shells exploding in and above this fort have done comparatively little damage to tIme work; ot men, abont forty were killed and wounded. I am happy to state that my officers and men have behaved very well and distinguished themselves by their courage and endurance. The following is the expenditure of ammunition by my battery dur- ing the engagement: 29 rounds of solid shot, 60 rounds of spherical case, 100 rouiids of shell, 117 rounds of canister. The following is a list of casualties: killed, 1 enlisted man; wounded, 2 commissioned officers and 5 emilisted men. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHRISTIAN WOERNEIt, Bvt. Major, U. ~. Vols., Comdg. Third New Jersey Battery. Lient. GEORGE W. BOOTH, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Artillery Brigade, Ninth Army Corps Page 189 CHAP. LVIH.J THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 189 No. 26. Report of Capt. Samuel A. McClellan, Battery G, First New York Light Artillery, of operations March ~25. LIGHT BATTERY U, FIRST NEW YoRK ARTILLERY, Before Petersburg, Ira., March 26, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the holier to report that about daybreak yes- terday morning, March 25 1865 1 was aroused by cheering anti firing of musketry in the direction of iUort Stedman. I immediately rose and staited out to ascertain the cause, and had not proceeded in that direc- tion but a short distance when I met stragglers going to the rear, who reported that the eueniy had captured Fort Stedinau, aiid was advanc- ing on Meades Station. Without delay I caused my battery to be harnessed, and moved the section of guns remaining in park to take a position, for the purpose of assisting in checking the advance of the enemy. Soon after arriving on the crest of the heights in rear of Fort Stedinan, Major Miller rode up and gave orders to take positioii and open on the enemy, which I did, with apparently very good effect, caus- ing their advance skirmishers, who were near the base of the hill, to fall back in rear of our old line of rifle-pits, about 200 yards in rear of Fort Stedman. Believing that I could get a nearer and more effective position I rode down to the front to select one. On returning I met General Tidball, who gave me orders to take the new position which I had selected. While moving into this new positiomi the enemy ol)ened upon my column with two light 12-pounder guns, which lie had taken with the fort, but his fire was so inaccurate that he did me no harm. I returned his fire with solid shot, concentrating the fire of both my guns upon each one of his in succession, and succeeded in silencing them in about half an hour. About this time I observed the enemy pass- ing in rear of Fort Stedman. I then changed my fire upon them, using shrapnel and solid shot, which continued about two hours, seemingly very munch annoying theni, and causing themmi to change their position. Our troops had now formed for a charge near Fort Haskell. As they advanced the enemy began toretreat, and in their haste became massed in the road in my front, giving me a good enfilading fire on their col- unimin, which I improved to the best advantage with solid shot and shrap. nel, killing and wounding many of them. During this time one section of my battery at Fort Morton opened an enfilading fire upon the enemy while they were advancing upon and retreating fromn Fort Stednian. I cammnot speak in too high terms of the coolness and bravery of both n~y officers anti memi, and the handsome manner in which they worked their pieces; and am happy to state that no casualties occurred dur- ing the engagemnent. The fohlowimig is the amount of ammunition expended: solid shot, 88 rounds; spherii~al case, 171 rounds; shell, 29 rounds. Very respectfully, ~. A. MCCLELLAN, Captain, First New York Artillery, ~Jommanding Battery. Lient. GEORGE W. BOOTH, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Artillery Brigade, Ninth Army Corps Page 190 190 N. AND SE VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIJI No. 27. Report of Lient. Thomas C. Rice, Battery B, First Peunsylcania Light Artillery, of operations March ,25. CAMP OF BATTERY B, FIRST PENN. LIGHT ARTILLERY, Port Davis, Ira., March 26, 1865. LIEUTENANT: In eomphaiice with circular from headquarters Artil. lery Brigade, Ninth Army Corps, of this date, I have the honor to report as follows: The first intimation of an attack from the enemy was heard about 4.30 a. in., in the direction of the Appoinattox. The cannoneers were soon up and at their posts ready fbr any etuergency. But the fighting was confined to our right sonic distance, with the exception of a desultory fire from the enemys batteries in our immediate front, directed on troops passing in our rear, sonic few shots on Fort Davis and Bat- tery 22, to which a few shots were replied from Battery 22, viz, twenty percussion-shell, three fuse-shell. I am, lieutenant, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. C. RICE, First Lient., Comdg. Battery B, First Pennsylvania~ Light Arty. Lient. GEORGE W. BOOTH, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Uen., Artillery Brigade, Ninth Army Corps. No. 28. Report of Lieut. Valentine H. $tone, Batteries C and I, Fifth U. S. Artillery, of Operations March 25. BATTERIES C AND I, FIFTH U. S. ARTILLERY, March 26, 1865. SIR: In coinpijamice with circular received this day from head- quarters Artillery Brigade, Ninth Corps, II have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by this battery in the engage- ineut of yesterday morning: At 5 a. in. I was awakened by a brisk lire of musketry in the direction of Fort Stedinan. I immediately ordered the battery to be got in readi- ness to move at once. I started fbr Fort MeGilvery. When I arrived immediately opposite Fort Stedman I met some stragglers, whoinformed me that Fort Stedman and a mortar battery were captured. I hastened on to Fort MeGilvery; when I arrived there I found the men .j ust corn- Pig out to reveille, they not having received any information that any- thing unusual had taken place. I went from there to Battery No. 9. IJpon arriving there I found all the men, both infantry and artillery, at their proper places anxiously awaiting some information as to what had taken place. I looked over the parapet in tIme direction of Fort Stedman. I could just see in the gray of dawn (it was then about 5.15 a. in.) a line of battle drawn up, moving toward mae, their right being inside of our works; this line extended along the ravine between Bat- tery No. 9 and Fort Stedman, their left resting near the rebel lines. I immediately ordered my section to open on them with spherical case; they were in easy range, about 400 yards, maybe a little more. As soon as 1 opened a heavy fire was in a few minutes concentrated o Page 191 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND GAMPAIGN. 191 Battery No. 9 from my immediate front, from Fort Stedman, from my right flank, from an 8-inch mortar, from the rear, from the goose neck battery. I kept up my fire for three hours. At 8 a. m. some few of the enemy surrendered and came into the fort. One of the rebel officers informed me if I would cease firing that there were 200 or 300 who were under my fire (I was firing canister then) who would come in. I did so, and over 300 came in. The enemy were all the time in easy range; my guns were fired deliberately, and I am satisfied that not a round of ammunition was thrown away. I was informed by the rebel officer mentioned above that the line of battle that I had fired npon was drawn up with the intention of charging Battery No. 9 and Fort McGilvery, and that if I had delayed firing ten minutes longer, they would have had them. I had two men badly wounded. My men behaved well. Lient. Theodore W. Haysman, Fourth New York Artil- lery, deserves particular mention for his coolness and bravery. My right section was in Fort MeGilvery, under command of Lieutenant MacConnell, Fifth U. S. Artillery; it was also engaged. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, YAL. H. STONE, First Licut., Fifth U. S. Artillery, Comdg. Batteries (I. and I. Lieutenant BOOTH, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 29. Report of Maj. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys, U. S. Army, commanding Secoud Army Corps, of operations February Jll. HEADQUARTERS SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 13, 1865. GENERAL: I have to submit the following report of the part taken by the Second Corps in the recent operations, for the information of the major-general commanding the army: 1 was instructed on the 4th instant to move at 7 a. m. of the 5th, with the two divisions of my corps riot in the intrenchments and two bat- teries of artillery, to the crossing of Hatchers Run at the Vaughan road and at Armstrongs Mill, to hold those crossings, keep open the coin- munication with the intrenchments of the army, open comnmuunication with the Fifth Corps, under General Warren, when it reached the inter- section of the Vaughan and stage roads, some three or four miles distant, and support him, if required. In accordance with those instructions, I moved at 7 a. m. of the 5th, with General Motts (Third) division, 5,961 officers amid enlisted men, and General Smyths (Second) division, 4,607 officers and enlisted men, and Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, Brevet Captain Roder, and the Tenth Massachusetts Battery, Licut. J. W. Adams, with the rations, ammunition, & c., ordered. Major Hess, Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, with ~90 officers and men, joined me at 6 a. m. He was placed in advance, to drive in the enemys cavalry pickets, and secure the crossing of H atchers Ruti, so as to conceal temporarily the fact from the enemy that the movement was made by an infantry force. Major Hess found the enemys infantry in small force holding the Vaughan road crossing, the run being dammed and obstructed by falle Page 192 192 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. trees. Being unable to use his cavalry with any effect, General De Trobriands skirmishers, under his personal supervision, quickly drove the enemy from their rifle-pits, and secured the position at 9.30 a. m. This brigade was then rapidly crossed on the dam an(l l)ut in position, covering the road, and his pickets oxtended to meet those of General Smyth, ordered to the crossing at Armstrongs Mill. With considera- ble difficulty a bridge about 100 feet in length was thrown across the stream. Wests brigade, of Motts division, followed IDe Trobriands, and was subsequently crossed to the south side of Hatchers Run, completing the security of the positioii. Captain iLtoders battery of 12-pounders was put in position here. Smyths division had been directed by me to diverge to the right from the Vaughan road near the Cummings house, secure the crossing at Armstrongs Mill, cover it and extend to the right J)ast the it. Arm- strong house, and rest his right upon the small 5W~Thl) in that vicinity. Lientenaiit Adams battery of rifled guns was sent with him. These instructions General Smyth executed at once, fiuidiiig directly in front of his right, about 1,000 yards distant, the enemys intrenchments, a redoubt, with the connecting curtains, being in full view. These works had been erected since the last movement in December. General Mott, by my direction, sent his rear brigade, McAllisters, to the vicinity of the Tucker house, with instructions to take position covering the Vaughan road and a small parallel road connecting the Squirrel Level road with Armstrongs Mill, the right to rest near the swamp, west of and near to the Squirrel Level road, and the left to exteijd toward the swamp, on which Smyths right was to rest. Sinyths division was relied upon to fill up the interval, should there be one. These orders were promptly executed. All the troops were directed to intrench immedi- ately upon taking up position. Major Hess, Third Pennsylvania Cav- alry, was ordered to open communication, on the south side of Hatchers Run, between Motts right and Smyths left, aiid to move out to Dabneys Mill, and establish a post of observation there, and upon effecting this to move out the Vanghan road and communicate with MajorGeneral Warren. While he was endeavoring to carry out the first part of this direction, I proceeded to examine Smyths and McAllisters positions. It was here that I expected the attack of the enemy. Finding that McAllister was unable to cover the ground assigned to him, with the concurrence of the commanding general of the army, I telegraphed to Major-General Miles, whose division had remained in the intrenchments, to send out a strong brigade quickly to the Tucker house, to relieve McAllisters right and enable that officer to extend to his left and connect with Smyth. Major Hess was unable to cavry out the first part of his instructions, but the pickets of the two divisions connected along the south branch of Hatchers Run. The enemys infantry pickets were driven from the Vaughan road, and coin- munication established with Major-General Warren. At about 4 p. m. the enemy opened with artillery from one of his re- doubts that enfiladed the road leading to Armstrongs Mill from the Vaughan road, but doing no damage, and receiving no reply, the fire ceased. At 4.30 p. m. Ramseys brigade (Fourth Brigade, First Divis- ion), 1,100 strong, reached the Tucker house, and enabled McAllister to extend toward Smythis right. He had not yet quite completed this change of position when, at 3.15 p. in., the enemy, having concentrated a strong force in the vicinity of the Thompson house (since ascertained to be the chief parts of Hills and Gordons corps), made a sudden attack upon the right of Smyth and the left of McAllister. This attack wa Page 193 Ca& r. LVHI.I THE RiCHMOND CAMPAIGN. 193 promptly and skillfully met by General Smyth and General McAllister, and the enemys leading troops quickly repulsed, but the actiou was continued by those more distant until after 7 oclock. The enemys artil- lery opened from the redoubt already mentioned and from a battery near the Thompson house, both of which were effectually replied to. Early in the action I ordered up Wests brigade, of Motts division, to strengthen McAllisters left, which it did before the termination of the engagement; I also used two of Smyths regiments as supports. The enemy withdrew to his intrenchments shortly after the engagement ceased. Our loss (125 killed and wounded) was small, while that of the enemy was comparatively severe and must have been six or seven times greater than ours. I append a tabular statement of the casualties. Among the wounded is Col. M. Murphy, Sixty-ninth New York National Guard, commanding Second Brigade, Second Division, severely. During the evening Hartranfts division, of the Ninth Corps, 3,200 strong, and Wheatons division of the Sixth Corps, 4,500 strong, re- ported to me and were posted along the Squirrel Level road, con- necting with the intrenchments of the army. It having been decided by the major-general commanding to concen- trate at once Major-General Warrens (Fifth) corps and Greggs cav- alry at the Vaughan road crossing of Hatchers Run, as soon as a suf- ficient number of these troops arrived, Major-General Motts troops thereDe Trobriands brigadewere moved, at about 2 a. m. of the 6th, to near the Tucker house, and General Mott resumed the command of all his brigades as well as of Ramseys. Early next morning, in pursuance of instructions I had received from the commanding general of the army, General Mott and General Hart- ranft sent out reconnaissances that advanced to within sight of the enemys works near the Watkins house without finding any force but the pickets, which were driven inside the main works. At the same time all my command, including Miles division, were held ready to attack the enemy should he be found outside his works. At 2 p. m. General Wheatons division was ordered to move to the Cummings house and report to Major-General Warren, and General Mott was ordered to hold General De Trobriands and General Wests brigades ready to support General Warren. They were subsequently moved to the Vaughan road crossing of Hatchers Run with that object, but returned to their positions at night. General Sinyth, on that and the following (lay (the 7th), supported General Warrens movements with his artillery. On the morning of the 9th, in pursuance of instructions from the head- quarters of the army, the First and Third Divisions of the Second Corps took ap the position assigned them on the new line from Fort Gregg to the Vaughan road crossing of Hatchers Run, and commenced the construction of intrenchments. On the morning of the 11th General Smyths division was withdraw from its position, covering the crossing at Armstrongs Mill, and posted on the new line. The casualties subsequent to the 5th were 13 killed and wounded. In conclusion, I desire to express the very great satisfaction I have felt at the prompt, skillful, aid spirited manner in which the duties were performed by both officers and mneim during the operation. It was the good fortune of Brigadier-General Smyth, commanding Second Division, Brevet Brigadier-General McAllister, commanding Third Brj- 13 R RYOL XLVI, PT Page 194 191 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. gade, Third Division, and Col. M. Murl)hy, coinmaiiding Second Bri- gage, Second Division, to be placed iii positions where they evinced both skill and gallantry. 1 am under obligations to Lieutenant-Colonel Hazard, commanding Artillery Brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Willian, acting inspector-gen- eral, and to the other officers of my staff; for the zealous assistance they rendered me. I transmit herewith the reports of the (livision and other commanders, and am, Very respectf [lily, your obedient servaiit, A. A. HUMPIIREYS, Major- General, Comm (Inding. Brevet Major-General WEBB, Chief of Staff Army of the Potomac. Tabular 8tatement of casualties in the Second and Third Divisions, Second Army Corps, during the operations of the 5th instant. Killed. Wounded. ___ a C, a C-C a a . a . a a se -~ a a ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ -~ Secon(I Division 3 4 8 23 40 Third Division 14 4 67 Total 3 18 12 92 125 Casualties subsequent to February 5, 1865. Killed. Wounded. I a . C, a a SD C-. C- a a a ~ a a a ~ a a 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Dixision 1 2 9 12 Third Division i I Total 2 2 9 13 I I A. A. HUMPHPEYS, Major. General, Commanding. ADDENDA. GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS SECOND ARMY CORPS, No. 3. February 12, 1865. The major-general commanding desires to express to the officers and men engaged in the recent operation the satisfaction he has felt at the prompt, skillful, and spirited manner in which every duty impose(l upon ~hem was performed. While all did their duty, some were favored by fortune in being placed at time points against which the enemys efforts were colicentrated, and wet-c thus afforded the opportunity of display- ing conspicuously their soldierly qualities Page 195 ~ThAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 195 Among those favored were, Brigadier-General Smyth, commanding Second Division. Brevet Brigadier- General McAllister, comniandin g Third Brigade, Third Division, and Colonel Mathew Murphy, corn- man din g Second Brigade, Second Division. The enemy concentrated a powerful force, corn posed of parts of two corps, Hills and Gordons, on the right of Smyth (Murphys brigade and the artillery), and in front of McAllister, and iiiade a determined effort to break our line. They were skillfully and gallantly met, and repulsed with severe loss to them and slight to us. The commanding general accepts this first operation of the Second Corps under his orders as an earnest of what is to follow. By order of Major.General Humplireys: SEPTIMUS CAIRNCIROSS, Major and Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 30. Reports of Brt. Mtj. Gen. Nelson A. Miles, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations February 57 and March 25. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 13, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this commaiid in the operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th ilistailt: During the night of the 4th the picketliiie of the Second Division was relieved by t~oops from my command, and at 8 a. in. on the 5th the Thirty-ninth New York Yolunteers was placed in garrison at Fort Emery, and the One hundred and twenty-fifth and One hundred and twenty-sixth New York occupied Fort Siebert. At 3.~0 p. in. I received orders by telegraph from the major-general commanding the corps to seli(l a strong brigade to relieve General McAllister in the position then held by him near the Tucker house. The Fourth Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General Ramsey, was immediately sent. At 5.30 p. in. orders were received to send another brigade to the same spot., if possible, at double-quick. The Third Brigade, Col. George von Schack, Seventh New York Volunteers, moved at once to the Tucker house and reported General Ramsey, but returned to their old camp the same nio-ht hay to b ing received orders to do so from him. In the meantime I had received orders from the major-general commanding to recall Colonel von Schack, as his brigade was not required. February 6, at 6.45 p. in., I received a telegram from the major-general commanding the corps, ordering inc to send a brigade to the Vaughan road at the crossing at Hatchers Run. The Second Brigade, Col. R. C. Duryea, Seventh New York Artillery, was moved out accordingly, but before reaching their destination were met by orders from the same source directing it to return to camp, which it at once did. General Ramsey with his brigade reported back to me at 9 a. in. on the 9th instant. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, NELSON A. MILES, Brevet Major- General, Commanding. Maj. S. CARNCROSS, Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Army Corps Page 196 196 N. AND ~E. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CEIAP. LVIII. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, SECOND ARMY CORPS, March 28, 18Gb. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part takemi by this di ViSiOn in the operations of the 2~tl~ instant: At about 6.30 a. m. I received orders from the major-general command- big the corps to send ont reconnoitering parties to ascertain the strength of the enemy in my front. I therefore directed two detachments (one of 20() men from the Sixty -first New York Volunteers, and oime of 100 men from the Fifty-third Pennsylvania Voluiiteers) to charge the enemys picket-line. The detachment of the Fifty-third Pennsylvania Volun- teers (FourthBrigade) succeeded in driving the enemys pickets to their works, anti occupied their picket-line; that of the Sixty-first New York Volunteers (First Brigade) was at first unsuccessful, being repulsed, but was move(1 to the left of my division line, near the Watkins house, where they again attacked with success, driving the eii~mny, capturing fifteen prisoners (one officer) and occupying their line of rifle-pits. Being in possession of the enemys picket-line along my entire front, the remainder of the First Brigade was moved out and placed iii support; tbey were afterward moved up to the line captured from the enemy, and the picket- line advanced about fifty yards. About 2 p. m. I received orders from the major-general commanding the corps to move my entire command out of the works into position near the Skinner house, ~)reparatory to attacking the enemy in forcethe First Brigade (Colonel Scott, Sixty- first New York Volunteers) forming the left, the Second Brigade (Col. R. Nugent, Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers) extending the line to the right, and the Third Brigade (Col. A. Funk, Thirty-ninth New York Volunteei-s) in reserye. The Fourth Brigade (Colonel Mintzer, Fifty- third Pennsylvania Volunteers) was on its way to still further extend my line to the right, when the emmemy made a vigorous attack upon that portiomi of the line held by the First Brigade. After a spirited flglmt of about half aim hour they were repulsed. At about 4 p. mu. another attack was made by the enemy farther to my right upon time line of the Second Brigade. They were met in the most gallant manner, and after repeated efforts to turn my right flank, which were foiled by the presence of the Fourth Brigade (Colonel Mint- zer) and the Third (Colonel Funk), which was brought up and placed on my extreme right, they were again repulsed with heavy loss. My line of battle now extended from the Watkiims house on the left to the Smith house on the riglmt. During the progress of this fight the Sec- ond Brigade was re-enforced by a regimneimt from General Bartletts brigade, of the Fifth Corps, which had arrived on the ground and was lying imm reserve in rear of the Skinner house. The enemys last attack was made at about 6 p. mm, and extended along my whole division front. It was made with a heavy fbrce (prisoners were taken from Heths and Johnsons divisions). The enemy were repulsed and driven back at all points. Toward the close of this actiomi the Secommd Brigade, being out of ammunition, after having once replenished their boxes, and having sustained a loss of about one-fourth its numbers, was relieved by three regimnents of Gem meral Bartletts brigade, Fifth Corps. The enemy fell back, leaving his dead and wounded on the field. At 8 p. m. the Fifth Corps troops, above mentioned, were withdrawim, and their ground partially covered by men of the First and Fourth Brigades. A strong picket-line was established, amid at 1 a. m. (26th), under orders from the major-general commanding the corps, I withdrew my command to the intrenchments left the previous morning Page 197 CLAP. LVIfl.l THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 197 The fighting on the part of the troops of this command was marked by an unusual spirit of determinatioti and enthusiasm; they fought in line of battle, without works, in as perfect order as if upon drill; scarcely a skulker or coward was noticed in rear of the line of battle. Colonel Nugent particularly distinguished himself by the gallant manner in which he fiught his brigade, resisting and repulsing the several attacks of the enemy in the most stubborn manner. His conduct is worthy the highest praise. Colonel Scott also commanded his brigade with cool- ness and skill. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, NELSON A. MILES, Brevet Major- General, Commanding. Lient. Col. CHARLES A. WHITTIER, Assistant Adjntant- General, Second Army Corps. No. 31. Report of Col. George W. Scott, Sixty-first New York Infantry, com manding First Brigade, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, March 27, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to forward the following report of the part taken by this brigade in the engagement on March 25, 1865: About 6 a. ni. we were ordered by the brevet major-general com- nianding division, through a staff officer, to detail 200 men, properly officered, from the Sixty-first New York Vohuiteers to charge the enemys picket-line in our front, and break it, if possible. I personally superintended the assault, but, owing to the density of the thicket and strength of the enemys defense, my front was repulsed, though fighting gallantly, losing 3 killed, 15 wounded, and 10 missing. By direction of General Miles I withdrew my detachment to the left of our division line, and selected a new point for the second assault. This time, though the enemy were on the alert, my men broke and carried their line, capturing 1 commissioned officer and about 20 men, my detachment of the Sixty-first New York Volunteers here losing 2 enlisted men killed, 1 wounded, and 5 missing. The corps officer of the day, Brevet Brigadier-General Madill, now rapidly advamiced our whole picket-line beyond the old line occupied by tIme brigade. I now advammced my brigade from our main works, taking up line of battle a short distaiice in rear of the new line occupied by our pickets, sending the regiments to the immediate support of the l)icket-line to my right and left; the Second New York Artillery to the right. Subsequently, about 1 p. in., I assembled the two regiments and advanced my entire brigade line of battle to the front, through an almost impassable thicket, woods, morass, swamps, and finding the enemy holding a strong intrenched picket-line, their front covered by deep slashing and morass. I now, by direction of General Miles, took up a new advan- tageous line a little to the rear, and where the euenmy had had their original picket-line, closing intervals of reginments to the left, amid niak- ing room for the Second Brigade (Colonel Nugent) to come into posi- tion, and continued my line to time uight. We had just got into posi- tion, 3 p. in., when the enemys bugle sounded the lorward. The enemy charged my entire front, but were fairly repulsed. They renewed th Page 198 198 N. AND SK VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LUll. assault later (6 p. in.), but with no more success, being driven back at all points, we capturing some i)~soI1ers. About thuis tune the commanding officer Sixty-fourth New York Volunteers reported his regiment to me for duty; but not needing his servh~es upon my front, General Miles soon ordered him to another point. Later in tile even- ing, about 8 p. in., I was directed by an aide of General Miles to deploy iiiy coinmai~d to the right, covering the ground formerly occupied by the Secoiud Brigade. I did this, connecting on the right with the Sixty- fourth New York Volunteers and on the left with the Third Brigade. We maintained this hue until about 9 p. in., when, by direction of General Miles, I deployed a strouug picket-line, anticipatiug a withdrawal of my main line, using for this purpose the Eighty-first Pennsylvania Volun- teers, part of the Fifth New hampshire Volunteers, and part of the One hundred and eleventh New York Volnuuteers, the latter regiment having been reported to me by order of Geuueu-al Miles. This line connected on the right with the Fourth New York Artillery and on the left with the Third Brigade line, leaving reserves at tile house, and on the left at the old wall uuear house. About 1 p. m. ra. in. 26th], by orders of General Miles, through Lieutenant-Colonel Brown, actiuug assistant adjutant-general, I withdrew the balance of my brigade and the One Inindred and eleventh New York Volunteers, returning to our camp in breast-work near Battery ID. My troops, without exception, behaved well, standiiig firm under the attack of the enemy, and advancing fearlessly to the charge. Too much 1)1 aise cannot be awarded to the detachment of the Sixty-first New York Volniuteersmen and ofli cers distinguished them selves. The officers of my stall; Captains McCallister and Kerr, of the One hun- dred and fortieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Li euten ant Hickock, Twenty-sixth Michigan Volunteers, were very efficicuut at all times, gallant in action, and faithful to the perfornuance of all duty, Lieu- tenant Hickock being twice struck by flue euuemys bullets. Accoun- panying is a list of casualties.* I mu, very res~)ectfully, GEORGE W. SCOTT, Lient. Col. H. A. BROWN, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, First Division. No. 32. Report of Capt. Patrick II. Bird, Twenty-eighth Massachu~etts Infantry, Second Brigade, of operations March 25. IIDQRs. TWENTY-EIGHTH MASSI4CHIJSETTS VOLUNTEERS, March 27, 1SGS. SIR: In compliance with circular from headquarters Second Buigade. First I)ivision, Secoiud Army Corps, March 26, 1865, I have the honor to l-el)ort flue following as the part takemu by the Twenty-eighth Massa chusetts Volunteers in the engagenmemut on flue 25th instant: The regiment with the brigade broke camp at 9 a. m. mud moved i~to the front line of works; remained nuder arms in the works until 2 p. uuu., whuen it JuIove(l with flue brigade into the woo(ls in front of the worki~ ~muud Shows 7 men killed, 3 officers ali(l 73 men wounded, and 44 men missing; total 12 Page 199 CHAP. LVIII.1 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 199 formed line of battle. We were attacked l)y the enemy, whom we re- l)Hlsed two differeiit times, with severe loss. We were relieved at dark by a regiment of the First Division, Fifth Corps. After being re- lieved we formed iii rear of the First Division, Fifth Corps, where we remained until 12 p. in., when we moved with the brigade into our l)resellt encampment. In this engagement we lost 4 commissioned officers wounded, viz: Lient. Col. James Fleming, Capt. John Connor, Capt. Patrick Mc- Intyre, and First Lieut. Thomas J. Parker, and 7 enlisteu men killed and 60 wounded, many of whom have doubtless since died. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. II. Bifli), Captain, Commanding Twenty-eighth Massach uset ts 1 oVen tecrx. Capt. J. C. FOLEY, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 33. Report of Capt. William II. Terwilii9er, Sixty-third Mw York Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS SIXTY-THIRD NEW YoRK, March 26, 1& GJ. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to forward the following statement of the part taken by the Sixty-third New York Volunteers in the engage- inent of the 25th instant: Received orders to strike tents at 6.30 a. in. About 9 a. in. formed on the left of the brigade, an~L marched to the breast-works in front of First Brigade camp; remained nntiL 2.15 p. in., when we moved ont- side the works, and formed line about half a mile in front of works. Moved line forward into woods, threw out skirmishers, an(1 fell back to the edge of the woods; rem ained quiet until the skirmishers were driven in when we opened an oblique fire on the enemy, which was kept up for two hours and a half; were then relieved by a portion of the Fifth Corps; then fell back and took lip a position on the left near time 1)icket-hine occupied formerly by First Brigade; remained about one hour, when we received orders to relieve a portion of the Fifth Corps between Third Brigade, First Division, an(l the left of Third Division; remained about one hour; was then relieved; left one officer and thirteen men to hold the line; then returned to camp about 12 oclock same night. l)uring the engagement our loss was trifling, having but 3 men wounded and 1 missing froni the picket-line. I take great pleasnre in stating that the officers and soldiers of this coinmnaimd acquitted themselves with honor to themselves, their regi- mnent, aimd the brigade. Respectfully, your obedient servant, W. H. TERWILLIGER, Captain, Commanding Sixty-third New York Volunteers. Capt. J. C. FOLEY, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General Page 200 200 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. No. 34. Report of Lieut. Col. James J. Smith, Sixty-ninth New Tork- Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS SIXTY-NINTH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, March 27. 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with orders I respectfully submit a state- nient of the operations of this regimeid through the day and during the action on Saturday, March 25, 1865. Early in the morning we, in obedience to orders, struck tents, loaded our wagons, and got under arms on the color front. About 9 oclock the regiment was marched up and deployed inside of the breast-works in front of the First Brigade. About 2.15 p. m. the regiment was marched out, and a line formed along our old line of picket-pits and facing the woods; ten minutes afterward the line moved forward and halted about twenty paces in front of the Kenner house. About 4 oclock the line was again advanced and halted just in rear of the line of picket-pits abandoned by the enemy daring the morning. About this time part of the First Brigade, then in our front, moved to the left and the enemy commenced to make demonstrations of an attack on our front and on our right flank; and, in obedience to orders from the brigade commander, I threw out my right and left flank companies as skir- mishersthe left company covering our front, and the right company cowTing and encircling our right flank, which was otherwise unpro. tected. The enemys skirmishers being very close, our skirmishers com- menced firing as soon as in line. Soon afterward the enemys bugles sounded a charge, and from the right of our skirmish line the enemy was seemi to advance in line, in very strong force, at the double-quick, and directly in our front. Our skirmishers immediately in front were driven in slowly, fighting stubbornly every foot of the ground. Cap- tain MnlhalI, commanding at this point, received a severe wound, falling some distance in front of our line, when the skirmishers (the left co~ ipany) approached within twenty paces of our line. In obedience to orders, I called them in, and they formed on our left; soon afterward, the enemy having approached within about 200 yards, we opened fire. During this time the right company, under the command of Capt. Murtha Murphy, who with excellent judgment selected a good posi- tion for his men, poured in a good fire on the enemy, who were much exposed in his front; the first line of the enemy broke~ and another line was immediately advanced, and also broke, but w~s also closed up again, and advanced as far as a swamp in our front, where they com- menced firing. A heavy line of the enemy was then advanced on our skirmishers on the right, who, in consequence, had to fall back, and made a bold stand behind some old works, on a line with our right flank, in the field to our right. The enemy about this time discovered that this was our weakest [point] and commenced to pour in some of their troops. Not being able to drive Captain Murphys company from his position, or fearing that a line of battle was there in reserve, they passed around to his right and advanced up, flanking his position, when he had to hastily fall back on the battalion to avoid capture. I then, in obedience to orders received from the brigade commander, in anticipation of such an event, threw back three companies on my right wing, and the fire changing fromn our direct front to our right and front, I directed our fire to the right oblique. The enemy soon afterward appeared to fall back, when the order to cease firing was given, and some four of our men went out and brought in Captain MuIhall, wounded, and who fo Page 201 C~ii~. LVIII) THE RICHMOND CAMPATGN( 201 over one hour had lain between the two fires. Some ten minutes after- ward ~the enemy opened again from a line of battle on our right and front, and I ordered the firing to commence again. During the firing I discovered that although our men had each on coming into the fight sixty rounds of ammunition, that we were then running short, and I directed the firing to be moderate and slower, and sent some men to the rear for ammunition, which was not received until nearly every maim had expended his sixty rounds and that of the killed and wounded. The firing was continued, details continually bringing up ammimnunition, until about ten minutes to 7 oclock, when we were relieved by, I believe, a Michigan regiment, when I marched the regiment about fifty paces to the rear, and then had each of the men supplied with sixty rounds of ainmunit ion. We lay here until about S p. in., when we were marched by the left flank to the rear and left, and halted at some of our old picket- pits, stacked arms, and let the men cook some coffee. About 1 a. m. of the 26th we got orders to fall back, and marched back to this camp. I canmiot speak in too high terms of the coolness and gallantry displayed by all of my officers and men. To Captain Milliken, acting field officer, and who superintended the left wing, great praise is due for his keeping the line well connected and steady, particularly so as it was on the center and left of our regimeimt that we sustained the greatest loss. To Capt. Mnrtha Murphy, for his good judgment, cool- ness, and bravery, iii protecting our right from being tlamiked by the emmeiny, too much in praise cannot be said. Captaimi Muihall also acted with the greatest bravery, amid kept his skirmishers well to the front, and fell back only when the only alternative was aimnihilation or cap- ture. I regret to say that he was severely wounded. Acting Adjutant Dolan also acted in the bravest and coolest manner, aiid rendered time greatest assistamice amid [was] continually along the line. I respectfully submit that in his case application he made to the Govermior of State of New York for the position of adjutant. The non-commissioned officers all, without exception, acted with the greatest bravery, and I most resl)ectfully decline to particularize any one of them, but they are well known at these headquarters, and no opportunity to do them justice will be overlooked. I beg to state that our loss in killed andwounded,sofarascanbe possibly ascertained, is as follows: Commissioned officerswounded, 2. Enlisted menkilled, 9; wounded, 83. Total killed and wounded, 94. I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES J. SMITH, Lieutenant- Colonel Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers, Comdg. Capt. JOHN C. FOLEY, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 35. Report of Capt. John Smith, Eighty-eighth New York Infantry, of oper ations March 25. H~Qus. EIGHTY-EIGHTH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. In compliance with instructions, I have the honor to submit the fol- lowing report of operations: This cominamid received orders to strike tents at 6.30 a. m. 25th instant, and left camp at 9 a. mu., and with the several regiments of the brigade occupied the first line of works. At 2 p. m. we received order Page 202 202 N. A~ SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. rCKAP. LVIIL to advance and form line of battle at the eneniys rifle-pits. We then stacked arms and threw out skirmishers, covering our front. About 4 p. m. the enemy attacked in force, driving in our skirmishers and charging our line. After a severe engagement of over two hours and a half dnring which we held the enemy at bay, never yielding an inch of ground, we were relieved by part of the Fifth Corps, and moved back a short distance to the rear and formed line. We remained here for about fifteen minntes, when we rec~ived orders to move farther to the rear, stack arms, and permit the men to rest, and at 12 p. m. we received orders to fall in and retnrn to our camp. I feel great pleasure in reporting that the officers and men behaved in a most gallant manner when under fire, and that their conduct through- out was in the highest degree creditable. Our losses were 9 enlisted men wounded and 2 missing. I am, very respectfully, yours, & c., JOHN SMITH, Captain, Commanding Eighty-eighth New York Volanteers. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, SECOND BRIGADE. No. 36. Report of Col. George von Schack, Seventh New York Infantry, com manding Third Brigade, of operations February 57. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FIRST Div., SECONI ARMY CORPS, February 13, 1865. MAJOR: In compliance with orders from headquarters Army of the Potomac, dated February 11, I have the honor to report that on the morning- of the 5th of February, by orders from the brevet major-gen- eral commanding the division, I posted three regiments in garrison, viz, One hundred and twenty-fifth and One hundred and twenty- sixth New York Volunteers at Fort Siebert, and the Thimfty-ninth New York Volunteers at Fort Emery. At about 5 oclock iu the afternoon of the same day I received orders from division headquarters to move all the available force of my command to the vicinity of tIme Wyatt house. I therefore moved the One hundred and eleventh. Seventh, Fifty-sec omid, and Thirty-ninth New York Volunteers to the point designated, arriving there about 6.30 p. in., reporting, as ordered, to Brevet Briga- dier-General Ramsey. I immediately took position, by his orders, in line on the right of the Fourth Brigade. At the time of onr arrival at the Wyatt house the firing along the line had nearly ceased, although up to half an hour before reaching the position there was heavy inns- ketry firing, apparently, along the whole line. After remaining in hue about three hours, d tiring which time the troops were engaged in throwing up breast-works, I received orders from Brevet Brigadier- General Ramsey to take my command back to camp, where I arrived about 12 oclock the same night. On the evening of the 6th, by orders from division headquarters, I placed 200 men, properly officered, and the One hundred and twenty-sixth Regiment New York Volunteers, in garrison at Fort Sampson, where they remained till the night of the ith, when they were relieved by other troops of the division. On the 5th and 6th instant my brigade picketed the line formerly occupied by the Second Division of the corps. Respectfully submitted. G. VON SCHACK, Colonel Seventh New York Regiment, Comdg. Third Brigade. Maj.R.A. BROWN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General Page 203 L~a& p. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 203 No. 37. Report of Col. Augustus Funk, Thirty-ninth Yew York Infantry, com- manding Third Brigade, of operations March 25. HDQRS. THIRD BRLG~, FIRST Div., SECOND ARMY CORPS, March 27, 1865. COLONEL: In compliance with instructions, I have the Iioiior to sub- mit the following report of operations of this brigade in the action of the 25th instant: Bvt. Brig. Gen. H. J. Madill, having been detailed as corps officer of the day, turned the command of the brigade over to me at about 9 a. in., at which time tents had been struck and our troops were ready to move. About 2 p. in., in obedience to orders from division headquarters, we formed line of battle in front of our works and advanced to a position about twenty rods in rear of the First Brigade of the division as a support to the froiit line. We remained in this position until about 4p. in., when I received orders to form a line to the left and rear. While executing this order the enemy attacked the front line, which opened with a heavy musketry fire. The new line was formed iii good order along the old picket-line. At this juncture the One hundred and eleventh New York Volunteers was detached from the brigade, by order of Brevet Brigadier-General Madill, corps officer of the day, and placed in the front line on the extreme left of the division. While this was being done the enemy attacked again, this time striking the Second Brigade of the division. In accordance with orders I moved the remaining five regiments of the brigade rapidly by the right thank, passing the rear of the Second Brigade (which was at this time heavily engaged with the enemy), and formed line on the right of the division, supporting two pieces of artillery engaged in shelling the enemy. At this point the brigade was for sonie time exposed to a weildirected artillery fire of the enemy, as well as a fire from the enemys sharpshooters l)osted in a house in our front. Firing ceased at this l)oint about dark. The One hundred and eleventh New Yoik Volunteers, being on the left of the division, became engaged with the enemy about 6.30 p. in. As this regiment was detached from time brigade during their action I forward herewith the report of Lieutenant-Colonel Husk, commanding the regiment. .Lt is believed that the rapid and well directed fire of the One hmnudred and eleventh New York Volunteers on the flank of the enemy in his attack on the Third Division tended to check his advance and give that division an opportunity to form their right and re-estab- lish it on the line from which the enemy had succeeded in dislodging it for a time. On orders from division headquarters I posted pickets in front of the brigade, connecting with the Sixth Corps on the right and First Brigade pickets on the left, and about 1 a. in. of the 26th moved the brigade back to their old camp. I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of the brigade, both officers and men, in the various movements we were compelled to make, a part of the time moving under the enemys fire; amid I aiim confideimt had we been called upon to engage the enenmy directly, the brigade would have met the most sanguimie expectatiomis, as the troops were anxious to become engaged. During the afternoon Second Lient. L. Edelman, Thirty-ninth New York Volunteers, being left in camp in charge of the brigade guard Page 204 204 N, AND S1~. VA., N. C., W. VA, MD., AND PA. [cHAP. L~III. started, without permission, to join his regiment, and being somewhat intoxicated, passed throngh onr advance lines and has not been heard from since. I take this opportunity of calling the, attention of the general com- manding division to the energetic and efficient manner iii which the brigade staff performed their duties during the operations of the day. Respectfully, A. FUNK, Colonel Thirty-ninth Neu York Volunteers. Lient. Col. II. A. BROWN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 38. Report of Maj. Jacob Scheu, Seventh New York Infantry, of operations March 25. HDQRS. SEVENTH REGT. NEW YORK VOL. INFANTRY, March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: In accordance with circular of to-day, I have the honor to report: About 8 a. m. this regiment was ordered to fall in; tents were struck, and the regiment was nuder arms in full marchimig order at the breast- works till 12 in., when the regiment marched off, under orders directly from brigade headquarters; took part in all the movements which the brigade was ordered to. At 1 a. m. [26th] reached the old camping- ground. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JACOB SCIIEU, Major, Comd,q. Seventh Regt. New York Volunteer Infantry. Capt. E. J. HUESTON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 39. Report of Maj. John MeE. Hyde, Thirty-ninth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. THIRTY-NINTH NEW YORK YET. VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. SIR: In obedience to orders from brigade headquarters of this date, I have the honor to subunit the following report: At 11.30 a. in. yesterday we were ordered to the front to support the attacking party. We remained in reserve all day. During the afternoon we supported a battery while it dislodged a force of the enemy from a large house, which was done effectually. Although we were not actually engaged with the enemy, yet the men acted brave and cool; and had our assistance been required, 1 am confident the men would have conducted themselves with credit Page 205 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 205 Our loss was 1 commissioned officer (Second Lient. L. Edelrnaii) miss- ing; casualties among men, none. We were ordered back to camp, arriving at 2 a. m. this date. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. MCE. HYDE, Major, Comminding Regiment. Capt. E. J. HUESTON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Third Brigade. No. 40. Report of Lieut. Cot. Henry M. Karples, Fifty-second New York Infantry, of operations March 25. HDQRS. FIFTY-SECOND REGT. NEW YORK VET. VOLS., March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that my regiment struck camp at 8 a. in., in obedience to orders, and remained under arms until 3 oclock, when it moved forward with the brigade, and formed line of battle in the rear of the First Brigade, where it remained until 4.30 p. in., when it moved by the flank to the right, then in line of battle forward, connecting with the Thirty-ninth New York Volunteers on the right and the One hundred and twenty-sixth New York Volunteers on the left, through a piece of wood-swamp, forming with the brigade in an open field, supporting a section of artillery. The regiment remained there, part of the time under light artillery fire, until 10.40, when it moved by the flank back to its old position, and was dismissed. While under fire one enlisted man was slightly wounded. I am, captain, respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY M. KAIRPLES, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. E. J. HUESTON Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 41. Report of Lieut. Col. Lewis W. Husk, One hundred and eleventh New York infantry, of operations March 25. HDQRS. 111TH REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with circular received, I have the honor to make the following report of the fight of March 25, in which the One hundred and eleventh participated: On Saturday morning, March 25. at about 7 a. in., I received orders to have the regiment fall in, and to pack up everything but tents. At about 9 a. m. received orders to strike tents, and be prepared to move at a moments notice. We remained under arms, on the color line, until about 2p. in., when I received orders to move out by the right flank, following the One hundred and twenty-sixth New York Volunteers. We moved out through the works, and filed left past the Smith house, formed line of battle, and moved to the front; crossing our picket-lin Page 206 206 N. AND SE. VA., N2 C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIIL to the left of the Smith house, moved about 200 yards to the front of the picket-line, and were halted in the open field, between two pieces of wood. We remained here about two hours, when the brigade was moved to the left about one quarter of a mile. We ha(l just halted and were forming line 6f battle in thewoods, when the enemy charged the brigade in our front, and for a short time the niusketry was very heavy. At this time General Madill ordered my regimemit to move to the left iiid front, and occupy the space in the opeii field to the right of the house, and connecting with the Third Divisioii on my left and the Secomid Brigade on my right. I ordered my mnemi to lie (lowli, as the enemys sharpshooters were very active. At about 6.30 p. m. ~ve dis- covered a line of battle in our front, iii the edge of the woods, and at the same time another line charged, with a yell, on the right of the Third Division. We gave the enemy in our froiit, who had already staited on the double-quick, our particular attention, amid after a few well directed volleys they broke and fled in confusion. The line in front of the Third Division was for the time more successful, driving back the right of the division for a short distance. I then directed my regiment to fire to the left oblique, thus getting a cross-fire on them, and punishing them severely and holding them in check. In the mean- time the Third iDivision rallied and charged to recover the lost ground, which they did, routing the enemy and capturing a number of prison- ers~ By this time it was quite dark, and the firing had nearly ceased. We immediately threw out vedettes in our front, and we remained in this position until about 1 a. m. [26th], when I was ordered to post a picket in front of my line and march my regiment back to camp. Several deserters came into my line (luring the evening, who reported that the enemy were badly demoralized and cut up. My regiment was nearly all new men, who smelled powder yesterday for the first time. They fought nobly, both officers and men, and I am proud of them, knowing that when the tug of war comes they can always be depended upon. I am, captain, very respectfully, LEWIS W. HUSK, Lieutenant- Colonel 111th New York Volunteers, Gomdg. Regiment. Capt. E. J. HUESTON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 42. Report of Capt. I. Hart Wilder, One hundred and twenty-sixth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS 126TH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this battalion in the operations of yesterday, March 25: I received orders at 7 a. m. to strike tents and be in readiness to move at a moments notice. At 8 oclock my command was in line awaiting the order to move. About 1 p. m. the battalion, with the rest of the brigade, moved a short distance in front of the picket-line held by the Second Brigade previous to the advance. The troops rested in line for one-half or three-quarters of an hour, and then moved to the left on th Page 207 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 207 old picket-line of the Third Biigade. Remained there but a short time, when the brigade, with the exception of the (inc hundred and eleventh New York Volunteers, moved by the right flank to the right and rear of the line, then held by the pickets of the Fourth Brigade. here we remained in line of battle until 11 or 12 p. in., when we returned to our old camp. Respectfully submitted. I. HART WILDER, Captain, Commanding. Capt. E. J. HUESTON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 43. Report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. John Ramsey, Eighth New Jersey Infantry, commanding Fourth Brigade, of operations February 57. HDQRS. FOURTH BRIW, FIRST Div., SECOND ARMY CORPS, Near Petersburg, Va., February 13, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the troops under my command during the operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: In obedience to tbe order of the brevet major-general commanding th~ division, ti me disposable force of my conmniand, consisting of the Fourth New York Artillery, Sixty-fourth New Yomk Volunteers, Fifty- third, One hundred and sixteenth, and One hundred an(I forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, moved from camp on Suimday afternoon, the h instant, to relieve Brevet Brigadier-General McAllister, command- iag Third Brigade, Third Division, then in line of battle at the Tucker house. Arrived on the ground about 4 p. in.; relieved General McAllis- tem of the position he then held, he subsequently going into line of battle on my left. About 5 p. m. the enemy ma(le a determined assault upon theline occnpied by the two brigades, but massing on McAllisters front all(1 extending to my left; the fire in my front, however, was not of a very serious nature. General McAllisters brigade held this line. I am satisfied, from the heavy assaults of the enemy, lie could not have held it alone; my arrival, under the circumstances, was very portentous and opportnne. Fiud report of regimental commanders accompanying this. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN RAMSEY, Brevet Briqadier- General, Commanding. Maj. RICHARD A. BROWN, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Second Army Corps. No. 44. Report of Lient. Col. William Glenny, Sixty-fourth New York Infantry, of operations February 57. HEADQUARTERS SIXTY-FOURTH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, February 13, 1865. In compliance with circular of 12th instant from brigade head- quarters, I have the honor to report that on Sabbath afternoon of th Page 208 208 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. 5th instant, in obedience to orders from the brevet brigadier-general commanding, the regiment proceeded in the direction of Hatchers Run, and were assigned position on the left of the brigade, joining the troops of the Third Division, behii~d works hastily constructed by other troops, near the Tucker house, where they remained without being engaged, and participated in the operations only by strengthening their works, building abatis, slashing timber, furnishing details for guard, picket, & c. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, - WILLIAM 0-LENNY, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Lieut. J. F. CRAIN, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Fourth Brigade. No. 45. Report of Col. William M. Mintzer, Fifty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 57. HDQRE~. FIFTY-THIRD PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN VOLS February 13, 1865. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to submit the following report rela- tive to the operations of this regiment on the 5th and 6th and 7th instant: On the afternoon of the 5th instant I received verbal instructions from brigade headqnarters to have my command in readiness to move at once. Very shortly afterward I was ordered to move, following the One hundred and sixteenth Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers. Our line of march was parallel with the Squirrel Level road and south of it. We moved in that direction about two miles, whea I was ordered to form line of battle, connecting on the right with the Onehundred and sixteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and on the left with the Sixty-fourth New York Volunteers, relieving part of the Third Division, Second Corps. This was about 4 p. m. Soon afterward the enemy made an attack upon the line to the left of our brigade, through the woods in front. Three successive attacks were made. During these attacks I ordered the left of my regiment to fire to the left and front of it, thus subjecting the enemy to a cross-fire. I have reason to believe that this had some effect upon the enemy. At about dusk, the enemy having been repulsed, firing ceased. I stationed pickets in my front, connecting with the One hundred and sixteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers on the right and the Sixty-fourth New York Volunteers on the left. No casualties occurred in my command during the attack. Officers and men behaved well. My command remained in the position first occupied (with slight maneuvering on the 6th instant) until we returned to camp on the fore- noon of the 9th instant. I now occupy the camp I left on the 5th instant. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. M. MINTZER, Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Lient. J. FRANK GRAIN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Fourth Brigade Page 209 Caip. LVIII] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 209 No. 46. Report of Lient. Cot. George C. Anderson, Fifty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. FIFTY-THIRD PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN VOLS., March 26, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations of this regiment in yesterdays engagement: Received orders from Colonel Mintzer, commanding brigade, at 3p. in., to move by the left flank, following the Sixty-sixth New York Voluii- teers. We moved forward and formed in line of battle in rear of a house in front of the Fourth Brigade l)icket-line, connecting with the Sixty-sixth New York on the right and the One hundred and sixteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers on the left. Shortly afterward received orders to move bythe left flank, followingthe One hundred and sixteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, to the position formerly held by the Fourth Brigade picket-line. Soon afterward we again moved by the left flank, following the One hundred and sixteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers; formed line of battle to the right of the 13ourth New York Heavy [Artil- lery]; was ordered by Colonel Miiitzer to move forward until we engaged the enemy. 1 advanced to the e(lge of the woods, threw out a strong skirmish line, drove the rebel pickets from their position, and captured five prisoners. 1 ~vas ordered to let my regiment remain there and hold the position. While we were in this position the enemy charged on the brigade to my left. I ordered my men to fire on them, thus sub~ject- ing them to a cross-fire. I have reason to believe that good execution was done. At about 11 p. in. I received orders from the colonel com- manding brigade to withdraw, moving by the left flank. We moved back to camp, arriving at 12 in. During the engagement I had five men wounded and one man miss- ing. Officers and memi behaved well. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. C. ANDERSON, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Lient. S. P. CORLISS, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 47. Report of Cot. St. Clair A. Mulhoiland, One hundred and sixteenth Penn sylvania Infantry, of operations February 57. CAi~w 116TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, February 13, 1865. LIEUTENANT: In compliance with instructions from brigade head- quarters, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my regiment during the recent operations of February 5, 6, and 7: My regiment left camp on Sunday, the 5th insta~it, and with the rest of our brigade, under command of Brevet Brigadier-General IRainsey, moved to a point about one mile and a half to the left of our present posm- tion. Here we relieved a portion of the Third Division, who were con- 14 R ItVOL XLVI, PT Page 210 210 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. structing breast-works. I at once, in obedience to orders from brigade headquarters, threw out a few pickets, and also employed a part of my command in strengthening the earth-works iii our front. Daring the afternoon heavy musketry firing was heard on our left, and several pieces of the enemys artillery oI)ened fire (with shell) in our front. As my command was sheltered by breast-works, it did not suffer any there- from. We remained in the same position until Thursday morning, 8th instant, and then moved back to our 1)resent camp. No casualties occurred during the movement in my command. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ST. CLAIR A. MULIIOLLA ND, Lent. ~. F. CRAIN Colonel, Commanding Regtment. Acting Assista~nt Adjutant- General. Fourth Brigade. No. 48. Report of Capt. James II. Jiamlin, One hundfed and forty-fifth Pennsyl vania Infantry, of operations February 57. HEADQUARTERS 145TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 1865. LIEUTENANT: Pursuant to instructions, I have the honor to submit the following statement of the operations of this command from the 5th to the 7th instant, inclusive: On the 5th instant, as per orders, the command moved out in front of the Cummings house and formed line on left of brigade. The enemy hereupon opened with musketry almost before the alignment was coin- pleted. The hue not being complete at the right, by direction of brevet brigadier-general commanding, the regiment was moved to that position on double-quick at this juncture. By this time the enemy had com- menced shelling the position. One man of the command was wounded. On the 6th and 7th instant the same position was held, nothing of importance transpiring. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES II. HAMLIN, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Lent. J. F. CRAIN Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No.49. Report of Capt. Alfred A. Rhinehart, One hundred and forty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS 148TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, March 27, 1865. LIEUTENANT: In compliance with existing orders, I have the honor to submit the following report of operations of this command on Satur- day, the 25th instant: Immediately after daylight the regiment was got under arms and kept in hand in the breast-works until about 3.30 p. in., when orders were given to have the regiment march out ~md join the brigade, then moving to the front. My command remained with the brigade in sup- port of the picket on the right of the division line, and afterward i Page 211 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 211 support of the general line of the division, until about 4.15 p. in., when I was directed by Lieutenant Corliss, of the brigade staff; to take my command into an open field, just iii rear of an old house and barn and to the right of a swamp fronting the center of the brigade camps, for the purpose of sapporting the picket-line. I here deployed the line to some extent along a rail fence, ordering the men to take down the fence, pile up the rails, and make covers of them for them- selves. I also directed Captain Sutton, of the regiment, to take twelve or fifteen men, armed with Spencer rifles, to the picket-line and front as sharpshooters; with these he was enabled to annoy considerably a body of the enemy in a large white house just behiiid their picket-line, and lie finally succeeded almost entirely in silencing the sharpshooting kept up from this house. At about S p. m. the picket reserve in front, being pressed by the enemy, caine back in contusion on my line. The enemy kept up a rapid fire, and part of my line on the right aud left were thrown into confusion; this was aided by the fact, as some of the men persistently declare, that an officer repeatedly cried, fall back, men; fall back, men. The whole line was immediately rallied, however, and moved forward in a few moments to the old buildings oii the crest of the hill. Here a constant and rapid fire was kept up oim the left flank of the enemys column, attacking the main line of the division until (lark. The regiment then held position here until about 12.30 a. m. of the 26th, when orders were received to return to camp. During the day I lost 1 man killed, 1 officer and 8 meu wounded, and 1 man missing. I am, lieutenant, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ALFRED A. RHJNEIIART, Captain, 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Commanding Regiment. Licut. S. P. CORLISS, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Fourth Brigade. No. 50. Report of Maj. Seward F. Gould, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery, of operations February 57. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH NEW YORK ARTILLERY, February 13, 1865. LIEUTENANT: In compliance with circular of the 12th instant from headquarters Army of the Potomac, I have the honor to transmit the following report of the operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant, as regards this regiment: About 5 oclock on the afternoon of the 5th instant this command broke camp, and repaired by the way of the Squirrel Level road to the Tucker house, where we joined our brigade, an(l were ordered into line on the right of the same. I immediately sent out a picket; the remainder were engaged all night in building a breast-work. On the 6th instant we had details out cutting, slashing, & c. Late in the after- noon I had an abatis put in front of my regimental line; we remained in the same place and position until relieved with the brigade, and returned to our old camp on the morning of the 8th instant. I am, most respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. GOULD, Lient J. FRANK CHAIN, ]lliajor, Commanding. Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 4th Brig., 1st Div., 2d Army Corps Page 212 212 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LYIIL No. 51. Report of Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Smyth, U. S. Army, commanding Secon(i Division, of operations February 511. HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION, SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 13, 18G5. MAJOR: in compliance with orders from headquarters Second Corps, received the afternooii of February 4, I have the honor to report that this division marched from camp at 7 a. m. on the 5th instant, in the following order: First Brigade, Colonel Olmsted; Second Brigade, Col. onel Murphy; Tenth Massachusetts Battery; and Third Brigade, Lient. Col. F. E. Pierce. The command was massed at the McDougall house, and a squadron of cavalry ordered to report to me was ordered to the front as aii advance guard, supported by the Nineteenth Massachusetts Volunteers, belonging to the First Brigade. Upon the a vance arriving atthe road leading totheArinstrong house, the cavalry drove the enemys vedettes across Stony Creek Run, where they were checked. The Nine- teenth Massachusetts then charged and drove the enemy across Hatch- ers Run. The Nineteenth Maine, of the First Brigade, and the Seventh West Virginia Volunteers, of the Third Brigade, crossed the run (Hatch. ers) and occupied the ground on the opposite side. The rest of the divis- ion was then marched up the road leading to the Armstrong house, and placed in line of battle beyond said house, in the following order: the Second Brigade, with two regiments of the Third Brigade, on the right; the First Brigade, with two regiments of the Third Brigade, on the left; the remaining regiments of the Third Brigade being on the extreme left. The right of the line, after being formed, rested upon Stony Creek, and the left upon Hatchers Run, after which disposition I ordered the Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers, Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, and the One hundred and sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers. across Stony Creek, in order to make connection with McAllisters brigade, of the Third Di4ision of this corps. Four guns of the Tenth Massachusetts Battery were placed in position, in rear of my line, upon an elevated piece of ground. The enemy opened upon them after being placed in position, but were not replied to, as it was evident that they were only teehing our position. About 3 p. in. the enemy made an attack on the left of the H. Armstrong house, also on the left of the line, which was also a feint to cover their movement on the right. About 4.30 p. m. they made a vigorous attack upon the right of my line, (Iriving in my skirmishers, whenil took the One hundred and eighth New York Volunteers and the FourtW Ohio Volunteers, of the Third Brigade, across the run to support them; at the same time I ordered the Four- teenth Connecticut Volunteers, of the same brigade, to change front on the edge of the swamp. Upon making the above-mentioned dispo- sitions I found McAllisters brigade, of the Third Division; filing in to occupy the ground that I intended to occupy with those regiments, after which I ordered the Tenth Massachusetts Battery to change front and open upon the enemy, who were by this time engaged with my right and McAllisters (of the Third Division) left. After three attacks the enemy was repulsed. About 4 oclock of the 0th instant the Fifth Corps advanced on the left of this division, and soon afterward appeared to be hotly engaged with the enemy; and observing that they appeared to be giv- ing away I ordered a section of Roders battery, Fourth U. S. Artillery, commanded by Lieutenant Smith, of the same regiment, to opemi, and ordered two regiments of the Third Brigade, which I had in reserve, into position on the left, covering the bridge across Hatchers Run Page 213 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 213 On the 7th instant the division was not engaged, with the exception of some artillery, which opened in compliance with instructions received from headquarters Second Corps and at the request of an officer be- longing to the Fifth Corps, which corps, at that time, was advancing. On the 8th, 9th, avid 10th instant nothing of importance transpired. At daylight on the 11th instant the division moved to the position it now occupies. Herewith please find inclosed the reports of the brigade commanders. The conduct of both officers and men was good. Respectfully submitted. THOS. A. SMYTH, Brigadier- General of Volunteers, Commanding Divi~ ion. Maj. S. CAiINCROss, Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Corps. No. 52. Report of Brig. Gen. William Hays, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION, SECOND ARMY CORPS, March 28, 18G5. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of this division on the 25th instant: The Second Brigade was in position on our line during the day. The First Brigade remained in position along the lines until about 0 p. in., when they went forward, by order of the general commanding the corps, to support the Third Division of this corps. On reporting to the major- general commanding it was ordered back to its place in the line. in compliance with orders from the major-general commanding the corps to make a demonstration on the enemys right, the Fourteenth Con- necticut Volunteers, Twelfth New Jersey Volunteers, amid the Sixty- ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, all under the command of Licutemmant- Colonel Moore, Fourteenth Connecticut, assaulted the enemmmys works about 4 p. in. and carried the works over hatchers Run aiid Pictune Run, capturing seventy prisoners. The skirmish line, umider the coin- mand of Captain MeAnally, Sixty-ninth Pemmsyhvania Voluuteers~ advanced to within sight of the Boydton plank road. Brig. Gemi. T. A. Smyth, commanding the Third Brigade, accompanied the command ordered to make time demonstration. On receiving word from General Smyth, that if the remainder of the brigade were sent to him, lie could hold his position, I ordered the brigade to join him. Gemmeral Smyth held his advanced position until 10 p. in., when he retired to the advanced picket-line. The officers and men of the Fourteenth Connecticut, Twelfth New Jersey, and Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania behaved iii the most gallant manner. Lieutenant-Colonel De Lacy, One hundred and sixty-fourth New York Volunteers, division officer of the (lay, was severely wounded on tIme picket-line. This is the third or fourth time this mueritorious officer has been wounded during the war. A report of casualties has been forwarded. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM HAYS, Brigadier- General ~f Volunteers, Commanding Division. Lieutenant-Colonel WHITTIER, A8si8tant Adjutant-General, Second Army Corps Page 214 214 N. AND SE. VA., N. C, W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. No. 53. Report of Gol. William A. Olmsted, Fifty-ninth New York Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations February 57. IIDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND Div., SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 13, 1865. MAJOR: In compliance with circular of the 11th, Second Division headquarters, I report the part taken by this brigade on the 5th, 6th, anti 7th instant. February 5, the brigade was formed at its old camp, and marched at 7 a: in. down the Vaughan road, where we halted for the Third Division, Second Army Corps, to pass. The Nineteenth Massachusetts, Lieutenant-Colonel Rice, was advanced as skirmishers in front of a brigade of the ThiM Division. The balance of the brigade moved on the Vaughan road, and changed direction to the right through the woods, arriving at or near Hatchers Run, crossed over Wild Cat Run, and formed line of battle, facing the woods and westward, as follows: The One hundred and eighty-fourth Peiinsylvania on left; Thirty-sixth Wisconsin, One hundred and fifty-second New York, Fifty-nimith New York, the Seventh Michigan, and First Minnesota were thrown out as skirmishers to the left and front, with their left resting on Hatchers Run. The Nineteenth Massachusetts connected with the First Minne- sota, picketing to the Nineteenth Maine, who advainced and carried the enemys works on Hatchers Ruii. Along the base of hatchers Run the Twentieth Massachusetts was sent, by order of General Smyth, to sup- port a brigade of the Third Division. They were relieved after the engagement on Sunday, February 5. February 6 and 7, no material change of troops. I have the honor to report that dnring the engagement of Sunday, the 5th, on our right, and Monday, the 6th, on our left, the conduct of officers and mcmi was more titan could be expected; their coolness and contentment and patient waiting attracted the attemition of myself and staff; and I can safely say, had an opportunity offered itself, they would have done credit to the general conimnanding the divisiomi. I wish to memntion for brevet promotion, fhr gallant and fearless dis- charge of duty, aimd for general attention thereto, L ieut. Col. George W. La Point, commanding Seventh Michigan Volunteers, amid M aj. M. Van Sickle, of the same regiment; also Capt. Framik Houston, corn- manding First Minnesota Battalion; also bient. W. H. Tibbitts, Nine- teenth Massachusetts, and First Lient. aimd Actg. Adjt. J. F. Aytoun, Nineteenth Massachusetts, ai id M aj. John Kehliher, Twentieth Massa- chusetts Volunteers, for gallant and mneritomious conduct on l)icket-hine. I cannot close this report without mnentiomming with credit the officers of my staff; always ready, prompt, and each showed the disposition of the soldier, by obeying strictly their orders and delivering themn under fire; and I do therefore ask for a brevet for Capt. Will Gilder, assistamit adjutant-general; Capt. A. B. Holmes, acting brigade-inspector; Capt. Thomas Huggiiis, temporary aide-de-camp; and Second Lh~ut. William H. Tripp, personal aide. Herewith I subjoin the reports of tim regimemital commanders. I am, major, yours, respectfully, WILLIAM A. OLMSTED, Colonel Fifty-ninth New York Yeteran Vols., Comdg. Brigade. Maj. JOHN M. NORVELL, Asst. Adjt. Gem., Second Division, Second Army Corps Page 215 Cuip. LVIII.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 215 No. 54. Report of Lieut. Col. Joseph 1V. Spauldiug, Nineteenth Maine Infantry, of operations February 511. HEADQUARTERS NINETEENTH MAINE VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this regiment in the late movement: This regiment left its camp in front of Fort Emery at 6 a. m. the 5th instant. Marched shortly after with the division out about two miles and a half on the Vaughan road, and filed to the right into a by-road. Before reaching the Armstrong house, and while on the march, Gen- eral Smyth ordered me to move the regiment in line of battle off to the left; this was done, deploying two companies as skirmishers in front. When the skirmish line reached Hatchers Run the enemys vedettes were posted on the opposite bank, but immediately fell back to their skirmish line, which lay in a rifle-pit running nearly parallel to and about ten rods from the opposite bank. The skirmishers crossed the run and were held under cover until the regiment crossed, which could only be done by one man crossing at a time on a fallen tree. The skir- mishers then showed themselves and engaged the enemys skirmishers. In less than fifteen minntes after the firing began, the enemy ran from their rifle-pit, which was immediately occupied by our skirmish line. This line, increased by two more companies, now made connection on its right with the line on this side of the run, and about one hour after, the skirmishers of the Third Division advancing, made connection with our left. At 4.30 p. m. the enemy advanced upon this line (which was immediately strengthened by two more companies), but were checked, and in about one hour driven back. At 12 m. the 6th instant this regiment, having been relieved by troops from Fifth Army Corps, rejoined the brigade, and threw up breast-works in the afternoon. Lay in this positiomi until the evening of the 10th instant, when the regiment was deployed and engaged until 12 at night in digging pits for the picket-line, and remained as pickets until 5 p. m. of the 11th instant, when it was relieved and moved into its present camp. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. W. SPAULDING, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. WILL GILDER, Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade. No. 55. Report of Lieut. Col. Edmund Rice, Nineteenth Massachusetts 1m~fantry, of operations February 57. HDQRS. NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the following operations of this regiment during the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: At 4.30 a. m. of the 5th we broke camp, Inarched out, and massed with brigade. The brigade moving out to the left, this regiment was sent forward to support cavalry skirmishers. At 8.30 a. m. two coin- panies were deployed to the front, under command of Lieutenants Stone and Libby, and another in charge of the adjutant and Lieat Page 216 216 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. William H. Tibbitts. The latter found the enemy iii the vicinity of Armstrongs Mill, at Hatchers Run, and drove them steadily until progress was impeded by the ford. This latter was occupied by skir- mishers from this regiment all day. That part of the regiment still in reserve was then sent forward, and the whole were placed on the skir- mish line, where they remained all night, the works on the opposite side being occupied by the enemy. The regiment remained in this posi- tion during the 6th and 7th, a.id on the evening of the former day par- ticipated in checking the advance of those of the enemys troops which had repulsed the Third Division of the Fifth Corps. The regiment lost on the 5th, 1 officer killed and 1 mami killed and 4 wounded; on the 6th, 1 man wounded. I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, EDMUND RICE, Lieut. Col. Nineteenth illassachusetts Vols., Comdg. Regiment. Capt. WILL GILDER, Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade. No. 56. Report of Lieut. Col. Arthur R. Curtis, Twentieth Massachusetts Infantry, of operations February 57. HEADQUARTERS TWENTIETH MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 1865. SIR: In compliance with circular from headquarters First Brigade, Second I)ivision, Second Army Corps, of this date, I have the honor to i~eport the following in relation to the part taken by this command in the operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: The regiment broke camp early on the morning of the 5th instant. On afternoon of same day was deployed as skirmishers on right of Second Brigade of this division, connecting on right with Third Bri- gade, Third Division. About 4.15 p. m. the enemy advanced in force, driving in the skirmishers, and in which affair this regiment lost 1 killed, 5 wounded, and 5 missing; most of those missing are supposed to have been wonnded and made prisoners. The regiment withdrew on the evening of 5th instant, taking its position in line behind hastily constructed breast-works, or ride-pits, where it remained until the afternoon of the 7th instant, whemi it was detailed for picket duty, the left resting on Hatchers Run, connecting with Fifth Army Corps. A. H. CURTIS, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. [Capt. WILL GILDER, Assistant Adjutant- General.] No. 57. Report of Lieut. Col. George W. La Point, Seventh Michigan 1i~fantry, of operations February 57. HDQRS. SEVENTH MICHIGAN VETERAN VOL. INFANTRY, February 12, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of oper- ations of my command for the 5th, 6th, and 7th of February, 1865: I reported at brigade headquarters at 6 a. in. on the 5th instaqt, as per orders from brigade headquarters. I marched in rear of the br Page 217 CHAP. IXIU.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 217 gade until we reached the Cummings house; then received orders from the colonel commanding brigade to take my regiment, together with the First Minnesota Battalion, and deploy them as flankers on the right of the brigade, so as to cover the front and right flank of the bri- gade. I marched through the woods until I reached the field in front of the Armstrong house. I then received orders from Colonel Olmsted to deploy my regiment, together with the First Minnesota Battalion, so as to cover the left flank of the brigade. I then received orders from the colonel commanding the brigade to advance into the timber, and connect on the right with the One hundred and eighty-fourth Peunsyl- vania Volunteers, and on the left with the Nineteenth Massachusetts Volunteers, and in so doing we drove in the enemys skirmishers and captured two prisoners of war. During the night of the 5th Maj. M. Van Sickle captured a l)risoner of war, together with one horse and equipments. Held our line until 3 p. n. of the 6th. Received orders from the colonel commanding brigade to advance my line so as to con- neat with the Fifth Corps, and in so doing drove in the enemys pickets and occupied the woods on the banks of Hatchers Run. Fell back to our old line on the evening of the 6th; held our line until 3 p. m. of the 7th instant; received orders from the colonel comnianding brigade to advance with the Fifth Corps, and in so doing drove in the enemys pickets; fell back at 6 p. m. of the 7th instant to our old line. I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. W. LA POINT, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Capt. WILL GILDER, Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade. No. 58. Report of Capt. Frank Houston, First Minnesota Ii~fantry, of oper ations February 511. IIDQRS. FIRST BATTALION, MINNESOTA VETERAN VoLs., February 12, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to forward the following report of operations of my command in the late action near Hatchers Run, Va.: On the morning of the 5th, in obedience to instructions, I deployed my command as flaimkers, and acted as such until 12 oclock of that day, when I received orders to deploy my command as skirmishers and to take position on the left of the brigade, with left resting on Hatchers Run and connecting with right of the Fifth Corps; amid, in compliance with orders received from General Smyth, I advanced, keeping con- nection with the Fifth Corps when they advanced agaimist the enemy, skirmishing and driving the enemy before me. The Fifth Corps being repulsed and driven back, my left was exposed and I was obliged to fall back to my former position on the left of the brigade; and, finding the enemy there, I drove them back, and held the position until the morning of the 6th, when I again advanced about half a mile, holding that position until the morning of the 11th, when I was relieved and placed in our present position. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRANK HOUSTON, Captain, Commanding Battalion. Capt. WILL GILDER, A88i8tant Adjutant- General Page 218 218 N. AND SE VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. No. 59. Report of Lient. Got. James A. Jeweli, Fifty-ninth New York Infantry, of operations February 57. HDQRS. FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT NEW YORK YET. VoLs., February 12, 1865. CAPTAIN: In obedience to circular of this p. in., I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the Fifty-ninth New York Veteran Volunteers, during the 5th, 6th, and 7th days of Feb- ruary: At 6 a. in. of the 5th the regiment was promptly on the parade ground in front of brigade headquarters, in heavy marching order, in obe- dience to orders received about 2 a. m. of same day. About 7 a. in. marched on the right of the brigade along time Vaughan road in the direction of Hatchers Run, and after having deployed the right divis- ion of the regiment as skirmishers, niarched in line of battle to the edge of the woods in front of the Armstrong house, and at omice (olnmenced ~throwimig up breast-works; before these were completed the enemy shelled our position for some time, without inflicting any injury. About dark, by order of tli e brigade commander, moved by the flank through the woods to the top of the hill and to the support of the Seventh Michigan Volunteers, upon the skirmish line; upon reaching t his J)oint, at the request of Lieutenant-Colonel Kieckner, of the One hundred and eighty- fonrth Pennsylvania Volunteers, brigade officer of the day, thirty men were sent, under the command of three officers, to occupy the posts just previously deserted by a portiomm of our troops. Upon approaching the l)Osition they were to occupy they were fired upon by the emiemy, who had immediately occupied the posts upon their being deserted; our men at once returned the fire aim d retired a short distance and estab- lished a new line, coimnecting time broken line of skirmishers ~vith the maimi body of our troops, and remained in that position until the line was re-established by time division officer of the day. The only casualty in this affiuir was one man supposed to have been wounded, amid after- ward captured by the emmemy (as imotliiimg whatever could be found of him, thongh the ground was afterward visited by several of those who were present at the time our immen were fired upon). Two prisoners were cap- tured by our men during timis affair. A strong line of works was dur- ing the night constructed iim the position occupied by the regiment, which was afterward established as our frommt limme. All remained quiet until the afternoon of the 6th, when an attack was made upon the left of our supports and vedettes; a J)OrtiOn of this regiment was tlmemm thrown out to the support of the Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers, an dthe attack repnlsed. The same position was retained wit feeler from the enemy of our line durimig the 7th. h an occasional I ani, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES A. JEWELL, Lient. Gol. Fifty-nintH New York Vet. TTols., Gomndg. Regiment. Capt. WILL ~ILDER~ Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade Page 219 CHAP. LVIII.] 219 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. No. 60. Report of Capt. Charles H. Dygert, One hundred and fifty-second New York infantry, of operations February 511. HEADQUARTERS 152D NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 18G5. I have the honor to report that this regiment broke camp on the morning of the 5th instant, in accordance with orders, headquarters First Brigade, 4th instant, proceeding without interruption to a position near Hatchers Run, and there threw up a line of works, which we occupied until the early morning of the 11th instant, and then, according to orders, fell back to the position now occupied, without any casualties occurring during the time above specified. Very respectfully, C. H. DYGERT, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Capt. WILL GILDER, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 61. Report of Col. John ii. Storer, One hundred and eighty-fourth Pennsyl vania linfantry, of operations February 511. HEADQUARTERS 184TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 1865. SIR: 1 have the honor to report that, in obedience to orders, my command was reported on the brigade parade ground at 6 a. m. Feb- ruary 5. The regiment marched with the brigade until we reached the picketline on the Vaugh~u road. The One hundred and eighty-fourth was then assigned to the right of the brigade, and, after several maneuvers, was formed in line immediately west of the Riddle house. Here fortifications were erected and skirmishers thrown in front. I remained in this position until the morning of the 11th instant, when, after destroying all the fortifications of the brigade, I withdrew the regiment to the line it now occupies. The regiment was not heavily engaged with the enemy, and consequently I lost but two men wouiided, viz, Joseph Jenkins, sergeant, Company B, wounded, and John Adams, private, Company K, wounded in hand. I have every reason to be proud of the deportment of the officers and men during this campaigm No special opportunity was presented for unusual gallantry, except on the night of the 5th, when a portion o1 the picket-line was driven in by the enemy. Lieut. Col. Charles Kleckner promptly re-established the line, driving the enemy from the pits he had captured. I accord- ingly recommend him to the favorable notice of the colonel command- ing the brigade. Respectfully, & c., JOHN II. STOVER, Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Capt. WILL GILDER, Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade Page 220 220 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CIL& P. Lviii. No. 62. Report of Lieut. Col. Clement B. Warner, Thirty-sixth Wisconsin Infan try, of operations February & 7. IIDQRS. THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT WISCONSIN VOLUNTEERS, February 13, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following account of the oper- ations of this regiment on the 5th, 6th, and 7th of this month: The regiment left camp at 7 oclock on the morning of the 5th, marched about three miles west, and formed a line of battle in an open field near the Armstrong house. Seventy men were sent forward into the woods as skirmishers; the rest of the regiment threw up breast- works, and occupied them. On the evening of the 5th two men were captured by the enemy and one slightly wounded. 011 the 6th and 7th the regiment remained in the same position, and sustained no cas- ualties. Very respectfully, C. E. WARNER, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. WILL GILDER, Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade. iNo. 63. Report of Col. Mathew lllurphy, One hundred and eighty-second New York infantry (Sixty-ninth National Guard Artillery), commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 5. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND DIV., SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 12, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following as the operations of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Second Army Corps, for the 5th of February, up to 5 p. in.: About 7 a. m. took position in column in rear of First Brigade, march- ing out on the Vaughan road to the south. After halting near the site of the McDougall honse, continued the march and diverged to the right toward the Armstrong house. Formed line of battle on right of First Brigade, my right resting on a swamp. Here the First Delaware Veteran Volunteers joined my command, forming in line on my right, refusing their right wing, with their two right companies thrown per- pendicularly to the rear. This line was in advance of the Armstrong house and in rear of the Armstrong, jr., house. In obedience to orders from division commander, rifle-pits were thrown up in front of my com- mand, and the men rested, awaiting further orders. During the day occasional shots from the enemy passed over us injuring no one, but about 4 p. m. the enemy opened with a battery on my left and another on my front. Believing that this fire was but a cover for an attack on my right no reply was made, but a sharp lookout was kept on the right flank. As soon as the enemys artillery ceased, their infantry advanced on my right, having in their front a strong line 6f skirmishers. Our picketsconsisting of the Sixty-ninth Regiment New York State National Guard Artilleryengaged them, and, after a spirited fire of about fifteen minutes duration, drove them back, when they again advanced and were again repulsed by our skirmish line. When the enemy advanced the second time I was placed hors de combat by havin Page 221 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 221 been struck in the knee by a minie-ball, when I was conveyed to the rear, after having turned over the command to Col. James P. Mclvor, of One hundred and seventieth New York Volunteers. I had almost forgotten to report that after the advance of the enemys infantry became engaged with our skirmishers, they again opened with their artillery. The whole command, inclnding the First Delaware, behaved with much coolness. Lieut. Col. William De Lacy, One hnndred and sixty-fourth Regi- ment New York Volunteers, by his equanimity and exposure, set his command an example worthy of emulation. Second Lieut. Hugh G. McTavish, Company G, One hun(lred and sixty-fourth New York Volunteers, acting assistant adjutant-general, and Capt. Robert ileggart, Company G, Sixty-ninth Regiment New York State National Guard Artillery, as well as the other members of my staff, ably assisted me. I would respectfnlly recommend the two last named officers, as also Capt. Michael McGnire, Company D, Sixty-ninth Regiment New York State National Guard Artillery, who had charge of that part of the skirmish line which met the chief assault of the enemy, for such distinction as is usually given to bravery in action brevet rank. Captain McGuire arid Lieutenant McTavish were both severely woundedthe former, in the breast; the latter, in the head. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, MATHEW MURPHY, Colonel Sixty-ninth Regiment New York National Guard, Late Commanding Brigade. Maj. JOHN N. NORVELL Assistant Adjutant-deneral, Second Div., Second Army Corps. No. 64. Report of Col. James P. ilfclvor, One hundred and seventieth New York Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 57. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 13, 1865. MAJOR: In compliance with orders I beg leave to submit the follow- ing as the operations of this brigade, from the time I assumed com- mand of it to include the 7th instant: At about 5 oclock on the 5th instant the command of the brigade devolved on me, by Col. Mathew Murphy, Sixty-ninth Regiment New York National Guard Artillery, being, from a wound, placed hors de combat. On assuming command I found the brigade in line of battle behind a rifle-pit, hastily thrown up, left resting on First Brigade, right resting near a tributary to Hatchers Run, the line running in rear of and near the Armstrong, jr., house. Nothing of note occurred during the night of the 5th instant, only a few shots having been exchanged between the enemys and our pickets. On the 6th instant the rifle-pits were enlarged and strengthened, the timber in front of the left and right of the brigade was slashed, and an abatis constructed in the open ground in front of the center. During the night of the 6th the picket-line was advajziced, compelling the enemys vedettes to retire. On the 7th nothing transpired. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. P. MoIVOR, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Maj. JOHN N. NORVELL, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 222 222 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIIL No. 65. Report ~ Jijent. Col. Francis P. Pierce, One hundred and eighth New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 57. HDQR5. THIRD BRIG., SECOND Div., SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 12, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this brigade during the operations on the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: The brigade left camp on the morning of the 5th, and moved out the Vaughan road. Shortly after passing the picket-line the Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers was thrown out on the right as flankers. The brigade moved nearly to the place where time Vaughami road crosses Hatchers Run, where it took a road bearing to the rP~lit and leading to the Armstrong house. The brigade was ther& massed under cover of a slight ridge, and held in reserve. The First Delaware was ordered to report to Colonel Murphy, commanding Second Brigade, and it remained with that brigade until the morning of the 11th. At 11a.m. the Seventh Virginia was ordered to report to Colonel Ohmusted, com- manding First Brigade, and, under directioim of a staff officer from these headquarters, it crossed Hatchers Rumi on the damn, under a severe musketry fire, and took position on time opposite side. The Fourteenth Connecticut Volunteers was placed in support of the Temith Massa- chusetts Battery, and remained with it until the morning of the 11th. The Tenth New York Volunteers was sent in support of time skirmish line of the First Brigade. At 2 p. m. the Twelfth New Jersey was semit to build corduroy road. At 4 p. m. the emmemy attacked in force ou the right. The Fourteenth Connecticut Volunteers changed froimt, under a severe fire, in order to prevent time enemnys advancing across a small run, while the Fourth Ohio and One hundred and eighth New York Volunteers were sent to form on the left of General McAllisters bri- gade, Timird Division, in order to make commimectiomm with timat division. As they were moving away the Twelfth New Jersey, which was .just returning from fatigue duty, formed on their right, and as two regi- ments were thought sufficient, the Fourth Ohio amid Twelfth New Jer- sey were conducted to the point indicated, and the One hurmdred and eighth New York Volunteers sent in support of the skirmish line of the First Brigade. The Twelfth New Jersey remained with the Third Division until about 9 p. in., when it was withdrawn, and commenced work on the road, which it completed about 1 a. in. of the 6th. The Fourth Ohio was returned to its original l)Osition, and the Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, which had been relieved from the skir- mish line in front of the Third Division, was established near it. On the morning of the 6th changes were made in the position of ~monme of the regiments, and, with the exception of the Sixty-ninth Pemmnsylvammia and Fourth Ohio, all were in line on the left of the division, the left of the brigade resting on the run, the right connecting with the First Brigade. About 5.30 p. in. the enemy attacked the Fifth Corps omi the left, and as it seemed to be breaking and the flank of this brigade was threatened, the Sixty-nimith Pemmnsylvania Volunteers and Fourth Ohio Volunteers were moved to the left of the brigade and placed in position, facing the dam, and covering time dam amid a bridge that had been comi- structed across time run. They immoved to their position in good omder, under quite severe musketry fire, and were ready to repm[dse the enemy if it attempted to make a crossing at that point Page 223 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPXIGN. 223 The conduct of the Fourteenth Connecticut Volunteers during the whole niovement, and especially while changing front on the after- noon of the 5th, entitles it to commendation. The Sixty-ninth Penn- sylvaiiia Volunteers particularly distinguished themselves by their coolness and bravery on the skirmish line on the afternoon of the 5th. All the troops in the brigade conducted themselves in a highly creditable manner, cheerfully obeying all orders and enduring the rain and cold without complaint. The various regimental commanders were zealous in the performance of their duties, and by their willingness and promptness greatly assisted in the execution of whatever the brigade was directed to do. All of the staff officers at these headquarters were prompt, energetic, and efficient. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, F. E. PIERCE, Lieutenant- Colonel 108th New York Volunteers, Comdg. Brigade. Maj. JOHN M. KORVELL, Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Div., Second Army Corps. No. 66. Report of Lient. Col. Samuel A. Moore, Fourteenth Connecticut Infantry, of operations February 511. HEADQUARTERS FOURTEENTH CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS, March 10, 1865. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following as a report of the part taken by this regiment in the late operations: We left camp near the Davis house on the morning of the 5th of February, about 7 a. in., and marched down the Vaughan road until near Hatchers Run, when we countermarched and marched by a road on the left to the Armstrong house, where we took position in sup- port of the Tenth Massachusetts Battery. here we remained until about 5 p. mu.; at that time, the enemy having attacked the line on our right, we changed front forward on first company, bringing our line at a right angle with the line attacked. This was done to repel any attack which might come from that direction. It was here, and while chang- ing front, that the casualties* which I have to report occurred. We remained in this position until the morning of the 11th instant, when we marched to our present camp. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. A. MOORE, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Brig. Gen. H. J. MORSE, Adjutant- General State of Connecticut. * No. 67. Report of Bvt. Maj. Gen. GershonL Mott, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations Febrnary 57. hEADQUARTERS THIRD DIVISION, SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 13, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my division in the operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: On the 4th, at 3.30 p. in., I received om-ders to make arrangements to move my division, with four days rations and fifty rounds of ammuni- me officer killed,and 1 officer and 4 men wounded Page 224 224 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. tion on the person and forty rounds of ammunition in reserve train, one-half the ambulances, and all of the stretcher-bearers. At 10 p. in. iistructions received to move at 7 a. in. on the 5th, with the addition of one medical wagon and one hospital wagon with each brigade. At 11 p. in., in accordance with orders received, I reported in person to Major-General llumphreys, commanding the corps, and received verbal instrnctions and explanations in regard to the anticipated movement, which were afterward received in circular dated 11.55 p. in., head- qnart& s Second Army Corps, at 1 a. m. of the 5th. February 5, at 6.20 a. in., ILtoders battery reported. At 7 a. in. moved the division to the Vaughaii road, following the Secomid Division to near the McDowell house, when orders were received from Major-General ilumplireys to send forward the brigade that was to cross hatchers Run. The First Brigade, Brigadier-General De Trobriand, was iinme- diately forwarded, with one section of Roders battery, with instructions to force time crossing and make disposition to hold the roads leading to Armstrongs and Dabneys Mills. The crossing on the Vaughan road was found to be obstructed by felled trees, and (leep holes dug in the bed of the stream. For the dispositions made by General De Trobriand and the crossing of the brigade, I respectfully refer to his report. All the pioneers of the division were immediately pnt to work, building a bridge across the run where the Vaughan road crosses it and also at the dam a short distance below. This latter bridge was soon completed, so that the cavalry were enabled to cross. The Second and Third Brigades having followed the Second Divisiomi now arrived near the Cummings house. In pursuance to instructions I seiit the Third Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General McAllister, down time cross-road to near the Tucker house, to take up a position in front of said house, covering any roads leading to the fromit. The Second Brigade, Brevet Brigadier- General West, placed in position near ~he crossing on the Vanghau road. The bridges being completed and communication across the ran easy, I crossed the Second Brigade and formed it on the left of the First, and threw up breast-works in the shape of an arc of a circle, the right of the First amid the left of the Second Brigade resting on the run, in the meantime sending forward a small force to hold a wood road near the F. B. Keys house, leading to Dabmieys Mill. This force con- sisted of the Fortieth New York Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Can. non, supported by the One hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. A small force of the enemy were posted at that point but soon retired after exchanging a few shots. Pursuant to orders from Major-General Humphreys I now sent the One hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Volun- teers to support the cavalry down the Vaughan road, and to opemi com- munication with the Fifth Corps at or imear Gravelly Run. This was done with some little skirmishing, and a picket-line established with the infantry and cavalry, connecting with the First Division of the Fifth Corps at the run. Ramseys brigade, of the First Division, having been ordered to relieve McAllister, I sent him instructions that as soon as relieved to move to the left and extend toward, and, if possible, to make a connection with, the right of Smyths division. At about 3.35 I was somewhat surprised to receive word from General McAllister, by his adjutant-general, that on being relieved he had massed his command in rearof his former position. I ordered him to hasten back and tell General McAllister to deploy immediately, and fill the gap between General Ramseys brigade amid General Smyths division. Also sent Captain Moore, my aide-de-camp, to see time order executed. It was while going into this position that the skirmishers were drive Page 225 CBAP. LVIIII THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 225 in, and an attack was made on and handsomely repulsed by the bri- gade. As soon as the firing commenced I sent a staff officer to General McAllister to ~ee how he was making out. The general was most sal- lantly e~ouiaging his command, and sent me word that he was fight- ing with and without breast-works; also, that he could whip the rebels away. About 4.45 two regiments of Wests brigade, viz, the One hun- dred and forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers and the First Massachu- setts Heavy Artillery, were sent to report to General McAllister. These regiments arrived in time to render efficient service in repulsing the last attack of the enemy. Going into position, under a very heavy fire, at about 5 p. in., the balance of brigade, with the exception of the One hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was ordered to the support of McAllister. The enemy charged this line three distinct times, and each time he was signally repulsed. It now becoming dark the enemy withdrew, leaving a portion of his dead on the field. The conduct of General McAllister and his troops deserves special mention, having repulsed successfully the vigorous attack of the enemy, who were in greatly superior numbers (prisoners being taken from each division of Hills and Gordons corps), part of the command with- out any protection; yet all bravely stood firm and inflicted severe loss on their assailants, who were employed through the night in carrying off their wounded and dead; yet my pioneers who ~were sent out next day buried thirty-three, and found twenty-two newly made graves, some of them large enough to contain five to six bodies~ February 6, at 3 a. in., the First Division of the Fifth Corps, Brevet Major-General Griffin, relieved all my troops on the other side of ~ IRun. As soon as relieved, in accordance with orders received from the major-general commanding the corps, I marched De Trobriands brigade and the One hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, of the Second Brigade, and massed them in the rear of the Tucker house, near the line held by McAllisters and Wests brigades, of this division, and Ramseys brigade, of the First Division, assuming command of the latter. At 9 a. m. 1 sent General De Trobriand with four small regiments to reconnoiter the enemys position, and to watch if there was any movement of troops in my front. We met the enemy~s skirmishers and drove theni into his line of works near the Watkins house; also sending out a force on a wood road, marching west toward the Duncan road, found the enemy in his intrenchments and a small redoubt, with two guns mounted, on the rising ground, near a barn in front of the Armstrong house. The object of this reconnaissance having been accomplished General De Trobriand was withdrawn. At 3 p. m. I sent General McAllister out with a small force to reconnoiter the same ground, but nothing further was developed. At 5 p. m. I received orders from the major-general commanding to imumediately send De Trobriands brigade down the Vaughan road to the crossing of Hatchers Run, to the support of the Fifth Corps, which was actively engaged and apparently hard pressed by the enemy. A few minutes afterward orders were received to withdraw Wests brigade from the line, to follow De Trobriand. I also withdrew one regiment from McAl- listers and one from Ramseys line to have ready to send, if necessary. Stretching the balance of McAllisters and IRamseys brigades out so as to occupy the line, I reported these brigades as on the way to Major- General Webb, by Captain Moore, aide-de-camp, who was informed that the emergency having passed they would return. The regiments of McAllister and Ramsey were now returned to the line, and Do Tro briands and Wests brigades massed in the rear. R Z--VOL XLVI~ PT Page 226 226 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [C~.LvIIL February 7, the positions of the troops were not changed, but large details were at work slashing in front. The conduct of officers and men of this division merit high commen- dat~n, and ifihly maintained their well-earned reputation. My brigade commanders were prompt, and carried out my orders with alacrity. Brigadier-General IDe Trobriand superintended the crossing at Hatch- ers Run, himself dismounted and crossing on foot with his skirmishers, it being at that time impossible to cross mounted. Brevet Brigadier- General McAllister I have recommended on former occasions for pro- motion, and take pleasure in again urging it. Brevet Brigadier-General West rendered efficient service. The officers com~)rising my staff per- formed their part energetically and efficiently. Capt. George W. Per- kins, judge-advocate of the division, and Capt. C. F. Moore, aide-de- camp, rendered efficient servicethe former in establishing, in connec- tion with the cavalry, a picket-line to connect my left with the Fifth Corps, on the 5th instant, also in accompanying the recolinaissance made by General IDe Trobriand on the 6th, and giving valuable infor- mation as to the enemys position; the latter was with the advance of General IDe Trobriand when it crossed Hatchers Run in the morning, and with McAllisters brigade when attacked in the evening, acting in his usual gallant manner. I would respectfully recommend that the services of these two officers be acknowledged by a brevet promotion. The casualties in my division were, 13 enlisted men killed, 3 com- missioned officers and 52 enlisted men wounded, 1 enlisted man miss- ing, and 7 enlisted men injured by the falling of trees while cutting slashing. Annexed is a nominal list. I also inclose brigade commanders reports. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. MOTT, Brevet Major- General U Maj. S. CARNCROSS, - S. Volunteers. Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Army Corps. No. 68. Report of Brig. Gen. Regis de Trobriand, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, ~f operations February 59. IIDQRS. FIRST BRIGADE, THIRD DIVISION, SECOND CORPS, February 12, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my brigade in the active operations of February 5, 6, and 7, on the Hatchers Run: According to orders, we broke camp and moved forward on the Vaughan road Sunday, the 5th instaiit, at 7 a. in., and, passing the Sec- ond Division, massed in McDowells field. I took the lead of the col- umn, with three companies of cavalry in advance. This cavalry force was instructed to force the passage of the run, but found it so ob- structed by felled trees, and made so impassable by deep holes dug everywhere in the bed of the stream, that the major in command re- ported to me as useless any attempt for his mounted men to cross the run. I therefore proceeded at once to force the passage with part of my command. I deployed the Second U. S. Sharpshooters, Major Doughty commanding, as skirmishers, in front and right of the enemy Page 227 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 227 works, so as to keep his attention engaged by a threatening advance; while I ordered the Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers (Colonel Biles), supported by the One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volun- teers (Major Hamilton), to make the real assault some 200 yards below near a broken dam, and to carry the position. Aftei waiting about a quarter of an hour without hearing any report from Colonel Biles, I went myself to ascertain the cause of the delay, when, to my astonish- ment, I found the two regiments lying down in the woods and com- pletely inactive. When asked why he did not even attempt to execute my orders, Colonel Biles answered that the run was reported to him as impassable for the men, and that he supposed that he had to regulate his movements on the Second U. S. Sharpshooters. Without losing any more time in explanation I ordered the two regiments forward, and charged with them across a small open field to the run, whereupon the enemy abandoned his position, and we crossed the stream without further resistance, but not without material difficulty, as the men had to jump, one after the other from loo to log, and I myself had to leave my horse on the bank and to pass the stream on foot among my men, in order to put them at once in proper position to secure the pos- session of the ground just carried. My first object was to cover the two roads by which an attack would likely be madethat is, the Vaughan road and the Armstrong Mill road. I disposed my regi- meimts in line immediately as they arrived, in the shape of an arc of a circle, crossing the two roads, my right resting on the run and my left on a small swamp, while a strong picket-line covering my front was con- necting on the left with the captured works, where I had left two full companies. The First Maine Heavy Artillery (the strongest of my regiments) I kept in reserve, so as to re-enforce any part of my line in case of an offensive return of the enemy, who had kept his skirmishers at a short distance in front of my center and right. The position was very soon strengthened by a parapet, extending from the run on the right to the swamp on my left, across the two roads already mentioned. In the meantime two bridges had been thrown across the run by the pioneers and had enabled the cavalry to pass, while easy communica- tion was established between the two banks. Major-General Hum- phreys, commanding the corps, and Brevet Major-General Mott, corn- inanding the division, having then come over to inspect my position, I was instructed to push forward on the Vaughan road, so as to take posses- sion of the IDabneys Mill road at F. B. Keys house. The Fortieth New York Volunteers and the One hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Volun- teers (which had reported to me from the Second Brigade) were sent for- ward, supported bythe One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers. The enemys skirmishers were driven back and the position secured, whemi the Second Brigade was brought to take position on my left and rear; and soon after, the connection was established with the Fifth Corps by the cavalry and the One hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. I remained in that position during the afternoon of the 5thand most of the night. Between 3 and 4 oclock on the following morning I was relieved by General Griffin, commanding First Division, Fifth Corps, and ordered to move in reserve near Tuckers house, behind the line, where Brevet Brigadier-General McAllister had repulsed the enemy the day before and where his command was still in position. At 9 a.m. (Monday, 6th instant), the enemy having disappeared during the night from in front of the Third Brigade, I was ordered to make Page 228 228 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. reconnaissance, in order to ascertain his whereabouts, if he had retired behind his works, and what was his position. I therefore took with me four regimentsSecond U. S. Sharpshooters, Twentieth Indiana Volun- teers, Seventeenth Maine Volunteers, and First Maine ileavyArtillery. I deployed the Second U. S. Sharpshooters right and left of the road run- ningnorth, with an advance guard on the road and a reserve. On the left of Thompsons house I found a side road through the woods, where I left two companies of the Twentieth Indiana to secure my rear, and pro- ceeded on without meeting the enemy, who had withdrawn his advance picket-line, until I reached an opening where a light work had been built across the road. Some rebels were occupying them, but were dislodged after a few shots and ran toward the left, where we could see the Watkins house, and 200 or 300 yards farther a continuous line of works occupied by the enemy. Moving therefore my skirmishers in that direction, I advanced toward the Watkins house, where the rebel outposts were again dislodged without resistance after an exchange of a few shots. It became the more and more apparent that we were in front of the enemys works, and in order to more fully develop their strength I pushed nearer my skirmishers, when the enemy was seen moving rapidly in some force toward the side road where I had left two companies of the Twentieth Indiana. Supposing that an attempt would be made there in my rear to cut me off; i sent back the balance of the Twentieth Indiana, following soon after with the two other regiments, while my skirmishers were marched by the left flank in a direction parallel to the one of the enemy. The reconnaissance was then trans- ferred from the road running north to the road running west of Thomp- sons house, and the enemy showing no disposition to attack us I sent forward two companies deployed as skirmishers through the woods. These two companies, under the able command of Lieut. Col. A. S. Andrews, Twentieth Indiana Volunteers, advanced across a swamp, and soon found themselves in front of the enemys intrenchments, with a fortified battery, or redoubt, armed with two guns, commanding the road. My men opened on the rebels visible above the parapet, when their fire was briskly returned, many of the enemy jumping above the parapet to occupy small pits in front of their intreuchments. The prog- ress of the movements were reported successively to division and corps commanders, and the object of the reconnaissance being now fully accomplished. I received the order to return to my position inside of our lines. In the evening of the same day, part of the Fifth Corps having met with a repulse on the other side of Hatchers Run, I was ordered to take my command over as rapidly as possible, which was promptly obeyed, but, when near the bridge, I was informed by Major-General Meade, commanding the army, that my services were not needed any more, and that I could take my brigade back. I remained two days (7th and 8th instant) in the same position, and on the 9th I was ordered to the new position in line which my brigade now occupies. During these operations the Second U. S. Sharpshooters, under com- mand of Maj. J. Ed. Donghty, has done good service. This regiment being about to be broken up, and this being probably its last engage- ment as a distinct organization, I take this opportunity of acknowl- edging its good and efficient services on this as on many other occasions during the campaigns of 1863 and 1864 when it was under my com~ mand. All my regiments have done their duty well, as usual Page 229 CHAP. Lviii.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 229 Outside of my command, I am indebted to Capt. George W. Perkins, of division staff, for his valuable and spirited assistance during the reconnaissance of Monday, the 7th [6th] instant. Respectfully submitted. R. DE TROBRIAND, Brigadier- General of Volunteers, Com~nandi~g. Maj. WILLIAM IR. DRIVER, Assistant Adjutant- General, Third Div., Second Army Corps. No. 69. Report of Capt. John W. Shafer, Twentieth Indiana Infantry, of oper ations March 25. HEADQUARTERS TWENTIETh INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with circular from headquarters First Bri- gade, Third iDivision, Second Army Corps, just received, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Twen- tieth Indiana Volunteers in the engagement on the 25th instant: At about 9 a. m. the regiment was advanced to the picket-line of this brigade, and there formed, with the Seventy-third New York Vol- unteers on its left flank, both regiments being under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews. Orders were at once given to advance and occupy the picket-line of the enemy. We met with a sharp infan- try fire from the enemys picket-line, strongly iosted behind, earth- works, but gained the position with but slight loss, capturing a number of prisoners. Finding no commection on the right, and discovering the enemy moving from their works with the probable intention of getting on the flank of the regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews ordered the right wing of the regiment deployed to form connection with troops of the First Division. This movement was executed under a sharp fire of infantry and artillery. The picket-line on the left was still occnl)ied by the enemy, but an incessant fire from this regiment and the Seventy-third New York Volunteers kept them under the cover of their works until about 2 p. in., when the Third Brigade of this divis- ion captured the rebel line about 500 yards to the left, which being accomplished, this regiment, accompanied by the Seventy-third New York Volunteers, had no difficulty in occupying their works, taking a large number of prisoners. About 3 p. m. the Third Brigade, on our left, was driven back in apparent confusion, necessitating the with- drawal of the Seventy-third INew York Volunteers and a part of this regiment to the corner of the woods, a few yards to the rear. The Third Brigade rallied and recaptured the line they had host a few moments before, and this regiment a2t once occupied its old position, which it held until relieved after night. About 6 p. m. the right wing of the regiment was attacked with considerable impetuosity by l)art 01 the force which struck the First Division. They, being opportunely re-enforced at this time by the picket forces of this brigade, held their ground manfully, and rendered material aid in repulsing the attack of the enemy. The loss during the day was 4 commissioned officers wounded, 2 enlisted men killed, and 17 enlisted men wounded. The regiment captured 1 officer and 46 men during the day Page 230 230 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA.. MD., AND PA. (Cw.LVm. In closing this brief report of the operations of this regiment I can- not speak too highly of the good conduct of both officers and men. When all did so well I refrain from making discriminations. Especial mention is made, however, of the conspicuous gallantry of Sergt. Maj. Hiram B. Johnston ~tnd First Sergt. William A. Chapman, Company F, both of whom lost their lives. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOBN W. SHAFER, Captain, Twentieth Indian a Volunteers, Comdg. Regiment. Capt. J. M. LINNARD, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Brig., Third Div., Second Army Corps. No. 70. Report of Col. Russell B. Shepherd, First Maine Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS FIRST MAiNE HEAVY ARTILLERY, Before Petersburg, Va., March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: Pursuant to circular from headquarters First Brigade, Third Division, S~cond Army Corps, I have the honor to transmit the following report of the operations of this command in the afihir of the 25th instant: The regiment was moved out by the left flank, at about 2 p. in., and, marching out in the front of the line occupied by the left of the First Brigade, struck a road running nearly parallel with the line of works about 1,200 yards distant. The regiment was moved to the left on this road a short distance, and halted, preparatory to forming a line, when the skirmish line in front and to the left was assaulted and driven in. The regiment was hastily brought into line of battle, and advanced to the edge of the field under a sharp fire, and after [getting] in position was joined by the Eighty-sixth New York Volunteers on the right and the One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers on the left. This move- ment, seconded by the prompt advance of the One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, checked the advance of the enemy, and a well-directed fire either threw them back from the rifle-pits or cansed others to surrender. One commissioned officer and nine men were captured by this regiment. The rifle-pits in front were occupied by detachments from the regiment, while a temporary line of works was thrown up. For about an hour the enemy kept a scattering fire, and in this time [the] regiment on the right moved forward to the edge of the field, and this regiment was ordered to move forward to connect on the right. This movement was being executed by company, when the enemy, assaulting the skirmish line on the left flank, drove them in and occupied rifle-pits of the left, which enabled him to enfilade that part of the line already advanced, which consisted of a large part of the right wing. In this position the men were exposed to a galling fire, to which they could not effectively reply, and such was their position that only the companies of the left wing could be employed to check the enemy. After a stubborn resistance the right wing fell back to their former position, while the left wing checked the enemy and caused them to abandon the line. In this attempt the enemys loss must have been Mevere, as the men fired with steadiness and at short range, while th Page 231 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 231 cover of the regiment almost shielded them from the fire of the enemy. Nothing of further importance occurred until dark, when the regiment was moved farther to the right and established the line of the brigade picket. During the tour of picket duty the works were turned and rendered very strong. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, li. B. SHEPHERD, Colonel First Maine Heavy Artillery. [Captain LINNARD, Assistant Adjutant- General.I No. 71. Report of Lieut. Col. Madison M. Cannon, Fortieth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. HDQRS. FORTIETH NEw YORK INFANTRY VOLUNTEER8, March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this command during the action of March 25, 1865: At about 12.30 p. m. moved out of the works, with the remainder of the brigade, to the front, and was ordered by the general commanding brigade to advance to the opening and form on the right of the Ninety- ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. I moved out by the left flank, and just as the head of my regiment arrived at the opening I was surprised to see the Ninety-ninth iRegiinent break and run in confusion to the rear. I at once checked the colors of the Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and formed them on the left of my regiment. At this time I saw but two officers with the Ninety-ninth Regiment, viz, Captain Lewis and a lieutenant. The Ninety-ninth Regiment was under my command until the arrival of Colonel Biles. Temporary works were then erected on the captured line of pits. The regiment remained in these works until near dark, when the enemy attacked on the left of the brigade, when the regiments on my left abandoned the line. I immediately refused the left wing of my regiment, and held the posi- tion until the attack was made on the right, when, the enemy having a cross-fire from both flanks, my men thU back to the woods, where they were reformed, and again went forward and occupied the line. This position it occupied until after dark, when it moved to the left, and occupied a space between the Twentieth Indiana and Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, where it remained until relieved by a portion of the First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, when it returned to camp about midnight. The following are the losses: 2 enlisted men killed, 10 wounded, and 4 missing. In consideration of the large number of recruits in the ranks, many of them being ignorant of the English language, the conduct of the regiment was very satisfactory. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. M. CANNON, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding Fortieth New York Volunteers. Capt. JAMES M. LINNARD, Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade Page 232 23~ N. AND ~ VA., N. CX, W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIIL No. 72. Report of Capt. James MoKenna, Seventy-third New York infantry, of operations March 25. HDQRS. SEVENTY-THIRD NEW YoRK VOLUNTEERS, Near Hate/icrs Run, Va., March 26, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this command in the action of the 25th instant: This command formed on the left of the Twentieth Indiana Volun- teers, and advanced to the position formerly held by the enemys out- post pickets. Capturing this position the command was deployed to the left and connection made with the Third Brigade, and the line then advanced, taking the enemys first line of pits, capturing 3 commis- sioned officers and 124 enlisted men. Upon this advance the men of this command conveyed thirty stand of arms to the rear, and were com- pelled by the heavy fire of the enemy to destroy sixty stand of arms, which were found in the captured pits. Owing to no support on the left, the command withdrew to the line formerly occupied by the enemy as outposts, which position was hel(l until the men were relieved. The officers under my command all acte(l splendidly, but I cannot refrain from mentioning Capt. John C. Noonan, who, by his noble exam- ple, inspired the men to many deeds of valor. XVith regard to the men, all behaved nobly, and to mention any one individually would be an act of injustice to many brave and deserving soldiers. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES MOKENNA, Captain, Comdg. Seventy-third Regiment New York State Vols. Colonel ANDREWS Twentieth Indiana Infantry. No. 73. Report of Lient. Col. Nathan H. Vincent, Eighty-sixth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. HDQRS. EIGHTY-SIXTH REGT. NEW YORK VETERAN VoLs., Near Hatchers Run, Va., March 26, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by my command in the action of yesterday: At about 4 p. m. I left the breast-works, following the First Maine Heavy Artillery, and moved to the front, passing the old picket-line near the reserve of the First Brigade, to the m-oad between our line and the rebels. Before my regiment had got fairly across the swamp, the enemy opened a brisk fire of musketry from ahead and commenced shelling fromn the right, when, by direction of the general commanding brigade, I moved my regiment by the rear rank to the right of the road, swinging to the left, in order to keep the connection, and mnoved forward to the edge of the woods, halting within about Sixty yards of the rebels old line of picket-pits, and commenced constructing defenses. After remaining a short time I advanced to the pits, connecting with the First Maine Heavy Artillery on the left, and the Ninety-nintlm Penn- sylvania Volunteers on the right. After remaining in this position a short time the enemy advanced and took possession of the line of picket- pits on the left, and commenced a sharp fire on my flank and rear. A Page 233 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 233 the same time the forces on the right fell back into the woods, leaving both my flanks exposed, when I was obliged to fall back into the woods to make the connection, where I immediately reformed and placed my regiment on the line, connecting with the First Maine Heavy Artillery on the left, and the Fortieth New York Veteran Volunteers on the right. At about 8 p. in., the First Maine Heavy Artillery having been relieved, I moved to the left and occupied their works, connecting with the One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers. After remaining there about two hours, most of the time under a sharp fire, was relieved, and returned to camp. My losses during the engagement were, 2 first lieutenants wounded severely, 1 captain, slightly; I enlisted man killed, and 6 wounded. I am, very respectfully, N. II. VINCENT, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Capt. J. M. LINNARD, Assistant Adjutant-General, First Brigade. No. 74. Report of Lieut. Col. Charles H. Weygant, One hundred and twenty- fourth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS 124TH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, March 26, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to forward the following report of the l)art taken by the One hundred and twenty-fourth Regiment New York Volunteers in the action of yesterday, March 25, 1865: About 10 a. m. I received orders to report to Brevet Brigadier-General Madill, corps officer of the day, at the ruins of a house on the picket- line, in front of General McAllisters brigade. Upon arriving at that point I learned that General Madill had gone to some other portion of the line. We remained there about an hour, and were then conducted by a staff officer to a ravine about 300 yards to the left and rear of the Watkins house, where we remained until 6 p. in., when we moved for- ward in line of battle and occupied the position from which the Fifth New Hampshire had just been withdrawn, my right resting on the Watkins house, and my left connecting with the Fifty-seventh Penn- sylvania. Immediately after taking this position I had a temporary line of works thrown up. About 7 p. m. the pickets in our immediate front were driven in, closely followed by a force of the enemy, composed of Forty-second, Fifty ninth, and Sixtieth Alabama Regiments, nuder command of Lieut. Col. D. S. Troy. I allowed them to advance to within about eighty yards of the temporary line of works, behind which our men were concealed, when we poured a volley into them, driving them back about 100 yards to the picket-pits, where they rallied and made a stand. Cautioning the men to fire low, which order was well carried out, our fire soon became so effective as to almost silence the enemy, and caused them to crouch into the pits. After holding them there a few minutes I ordered a charge. The regiment rushed forward in a gallant style, capturing the battle-flag of the Fifty-ninth Alabama, 6 officers, and 159 men, about 20 of whom were wounded, including Lieutenant-Colonel Troy, of the Sixtieth Alabama The enemy being completely dispersed I returned to my former position, leaving between 20 and 30 of their dead upon the field. At 11.30 p. m. I received orders to withdraw and return to camp, which I did, bringing with me abou Page 234 234 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. seventy-five stand of small-arms. All this, I am happy to say, was accomplished without the loss of a man, either in killed, wounded, or missing. I cannot speak in too high terms of the officers and men of my com- mand; all behaved in a gallant manner. Respectfully, & c., CHAS. II. WEYGANT, Lieutenant- Colonel, Corn manding 124th New York Volunteers. Capt. J. M. LINNARD, Assistant Adjutant- General, First B~~i~ade. No. 75. Report of Capt. Frederick W. Lewis, Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. NINETY-NINTH PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN VOLS., Near Petersburg, Va., March 26, 1865. Sin: I have the honor t6 make the following report of the part taken by this regiment in the engagement yesterday: About 1 p. m. the regiment left the breast-works, following the First Maine and Eighty-sixth New York to the line of the enemys pickets, pre- viously captured ~y our forces. Shortly after occupying this position the First Maine, being flanked by the enemy, retreated to the wood, the Eighty-sixth New York followed, and we having no connection then on the left, and being exposed to a sharp flanking fire, withdrew to the woods also. In a short time we again advanced to the former line, and held it until relieved by a part of the Third Brigade, when we went farther to the left, holding this portion of the line until about 10 p. in., when we were relieved. Falling back a short distance, we remained near the swamp until about 1 a. m. [26th], when we were ordered to our old camp. We lost during the engagement 1 commissioned officer and 10 enlisted men wounded. Colonel Biles was wounded early in the fight, but remained until we were established, on the hue. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRED. W. LEWIS, Captain, Comdg. Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers. Capt. JAMES M. LINNARD, Assi8tant Adjutant- General. No. 76. Report of Capt. John B. Fite, One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. HDQRS. 110TH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN VOLS., March 27, 1865. CAPTAIN: in compliance with a circnlar from your headquarters, I have the honor to make the following report of the part which this regiment took in the engagement on the left of the brigade, March 25, 1865: We charged the enemy about 2.30 p. in., driving him from his picket- line, capturing thirty prisoners. The distance charged was about 35 Page 235 Ow. LVIII.] 235 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. yards. We held our new position and commenced turning the captured pits to convert them to our own use, when, about sunset, the enemy came in upon our left flank with an overwhelming force. The troops on the left commenced to waver, and finally broke, leaving our left flank unprotected. We contested the ground as stubbornly as the same amount of men could, when it became obvious that we had but two alternativesto fall back, or be captured in the pits. After having fallen back about 150 yards, we reformed and rallied again; but find. ing our force insufficient to regain the pits previously lost we retired about 150 yards from the enemys pits, reformed our line on the left of the First Maine Heavy Artillery, commeiiced putting up temporary works, where we remained until relieved about 12.30 a. in. March 26, 1865. Our entire loss is, 3 killed, 8 wounded, and 10 missing. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. B. FITE, Captain, Commanding 110th Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers. [Capt. JAi~IES M. LINNARD, Assistant Adjutant- General.] No. 77. Report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. George W. West, Seventeenth Maine Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 57. HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, THIRD DIVISION, SECOND CORPS, February 13, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this command in the operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: In obedience to orders, the brigade broke camp at 7 a. in., and marched on the Vaughan road, following the First Brigade, to near the pointwhere the picket-line crosses the road, when I received orders to follow the ambulance train of the Second Division. Marched in this order until arriving at Hatchers Run, where the brigade was placed in line of bat- tle across the Vaughan road, on the north side of the run. At 2 p. m. I received orders to move my brigade across the creek and form line of battle to the left of the road, my right resting on the road, and left, refusing, rested on the creek. I then advanced a strong skirmish line and threw up a temporary line of work. While executing the above I received an order from the brevet major-general commanding the divis- ion to send a regiment to support the cavalry, which had advanced on the Vaughan road. The One hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Volun- teers, accordingly, was ordered to report to a division staff officer. Heavy firing being heard on the right, about 5 p. in., I received an order for two regiments to report to General McAllister. In obedience to this order I immediately sent the One hundred and forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers and First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, which reported as directed. Soon after I received orders to report in person with the balance of the brigade and assume command of the whole. On arriving near the battle-field the Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers (lead- ing regiment) was formed in line of battle, in a small ravine, in rear of General McAllisters left, and gallantly charged, under direction of Capt Page 236 236 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. ~ LVIII. E. H. Shook, acting brigade inspector. The Fifth Michigan as soon as formed also charged and formed on the left of the Fifty-seventh Penn- sylvania, filling the gap betweeii General McAllister and General Smyth, Second Division. These troops arrived just in season to check the enemy, who were making a desperate effort to make a break at this point. The ground occupied by the Fifth Michigan was for a time held by troops of the Second Division, who had retired under the heavy fire of the enemy. Night coming ou the fighting ceased and the enemy retreated. I immediately proceeded to straighten the line, th rowing forward a strong picket-line, and at the same time threw up strong works. Dur- ing the night some sixteen prisoners were brought in. The One hundred and forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, Lieutenant- Colonel Tyler commanding, which was the first to arrive upon the ground in the afternoon, deserve special mention for the gallant manner in which they went into the fight, under a most severe musketry fire from the enemy, fighting in an open field, without any works whatever for pro- tection. 6th, occupied the same ground as on the evening of the 5th. I sent out the pioneers of the brigade to assist in burying the dead of the enemy which were left on my front. In the early part of the evening I reeeived orders to move to the left to support a portion of the Fifth Corps; after marching a short distance the order was countermanded, and, by orders from the brevet major-general commanding the division, the brigade was massed in the woods on the right of the Second Division, where it remained until coming into its present camp, furnishing large details for fatigue duty. The casualties during the brief engagement on Sunday evening were small, a report of which has already been forwarded. The conduct of the officers and men of the entire command was all that could be desired. Thanks are due to the staff of this brigade for the prompt and cordial manner in which they executed my orders. Respectfully submitted. GEG. W. WEST, Brevet Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. WILLIAM R. DRIVER, Assistant Adjutant-General Third Division, Second Corps. No. 78. Report of Brig. Gen. Byron R. Pierce, U. S~ Army, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., THIRD DIV., SECOND ARMY CORPS, March 27, 18G5. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report.of the part taken by this brigade in the action of Saturday, March 25, 1865: At 6 a. in. received orders from the general commanding division to break camp and be ready to move; remained under arms until 2 p. in., when I received orders to move my brigade to the front and place it iu two lines in rear of General Dc Trobriands brigade and be ready to assault the enemys works. I moved my brigade at once to the front through the main line of works, and in advance of the old picket-line Page 237 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 237 where I commenced the formation as ordered, by placing the following regiments in line in rear of General IDe Trobriands brigade: Fifth Micli- igan, Col. John Pulford; First Massachusetts [Heavy Artillery], Major Nathaniel Shatswell; Seventeenth Maine, Lieut. Col. William Hobson; Ninety-third New York, Lient. Col. Haviland Gifford. The Fifty- seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, Col. George Zinn; One hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Volnuteers, Maj. James Miller; One hundred and forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Horton, were halted, by order of Brevet Major-General Mott, commanding division, and placed on the right, near the Watkins house. Colonel Pulford, commanding the right wing, finding his right exposed, deployed skirmishers across the swamp to connect with the right wing, commanded by Colonel Zinn. As soon as Colonel Ziuns line was formed he sent out details from each regiment, with orders to connect the pits that had been captured from the enemy in the morn- ing; while these details were at work a brigade of rebels charged them, driving them back on the line of battle. Colonel Ziun at once ordered a charge of the regiments under his command; they went forward with a cheer, retook the pits, and captured 6 commissioned officers and 167 enlisted men. Our men drove the enemy, by getting on their flank and rear, in the direction of the One hundred and twenty-fourth New York Volunteers, which were on the right of my brigade, the One hundred and twenty-fourth New York charging after we had driven the enemy from their position on the crest of the hill. The same charge of the enemy extended to the front of the left wing of my brigade, when the line in front of the Fifth Michigan Infantry and First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery gave way and came near carrying the second line with it; but through the exertions of Colonel Pulford and Major Shatswell, they rallied their regiments and advanced them to the first line, which they held until relieved by the posting of the pickets. At 1 a. m. of the 26th, the picket- line having been established, I moved my brigade back to their old camps, by orders from the general commanding division. The casualties in this brigade were: 4 enlisted mcii killed, 1 com- missioned officer and 29 enlisted men wounded, 2 enlisted men missing; total, 36. A nominal list herewith attached. Officers and men of my command, with the exception of a few recruits, behaved with great gallantry and coolness. I would especially men- tion Col. John Pulford, Fifth Michigan, commanding the left wing, for exertions used in rallying his men after being broken by the First Bri- gade; also, Colonel Zinn, Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, com- inanding the three regiments on the right, for the gallant manner in which he charged the enemy, taking a large number of prisoners. My staff officers, with their usual bravery and gallantry, rendered me effi- cient aid. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, B. I~. PIERCE, Brigadier- General. Maj. WILLIAM H. DRIVER, Assistant Adjutant-General, Third Div., Second Army Corps Page 238 238 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. ~TA., MD., AND PA. [CRAP. LVIIL No. 79. Reports of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Robert 3licAllister, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 5-6 and March 25. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., THIRD Div., SE COND ARMY CORPS February 13, 1865. MAJOR: In compliance with orders from division headquarters, I have the honor to report the part taken in the operations of the 5th and 6th instant: According to orders received, We broke camp and left at 7 a. m. on the morning of the 5th, the brigade following the Second, commanded by General West. In passing the Cummings house we were halted, and I was ordered by Brevet Major-General Mott to place my brigade iu line of battle near the Tucker house, across the road leading past it, and to throw out pickets well to the front, connecting them with the Second Division pickets on my left; also, to guard well my right. This was accomplished iii a very short time, giving my personal superin- tendence to the placing of the pickets and their connection with the Second Division pickets on the road leading through the left center of my hue of battle, as directed. After taking a survey of the whole field, and making myself acquainted with the roads and swamps in my front and right, I returned to my command. At 12.30 p. in. I receiVed orders from General llumphreys to build breast-works. My men went at it with a will, and soon had the works under way, at the same time extending them toward the swamp. on the right, to prevent my being flanked. Meanwhile au order was received from Brevet Major-General Mott to throw a regiment across a road a considerable distance from my left, leading down toward the Armstrong Mill. I placed there the Seventh New Jersey Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Price, and had my brigade to connect with him by taking distance to the left. These works are now nearly completed. 3.30 p. m. a staff officer from Brevet Brigadier-General Ramsey presented a telegram from Major- General llumphreys, ordering General Ramsey to relieve me in my posi- tion; at the same time the head of General Ramseys brigade was on the ground, with the general leading it. I obeyed the order, and sent my adjutant-general, Captain Finkelmeier, to division headqnarters for orders, massing, in the meantime, my brigade in my rear. 4 p. in. received orders to form on the left of General Ramsey. I at once com- menced the movement; my right regiments were just filing in, when the attack was made on the picket-line. I then ordered double-quick, and we were movi tig in rapidly. Lieutenant-Colonel Willian, of Major. General Iluinphreys staff, then informed me that there was a gap in the line between myself and Ramsey, caused by General Ramsey closing to the right; my rear regiment (the Eleventh New Jersey Vol. unteers, Colonel Schoonover), intended for the left of the line, was taken off and hurried into this gap. They received a fire from the enemy and returned it, causing the left of the enemys advancing line of battle to falter and lie down. The fire was taken up all along the line as fast as my troops were formed. The pickets in my new front having come running in without firing a shot, left the enemy right on us before I had my line completed. Regiment after regiment opened on the rebels as fast as they wheeled into position, causing their line to halt and lie down. The left regiment, the Eighth New Jersey Volun- teers, under command of Major Hartford, or the left wing of it, had n Page 239 CIL& P. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 239 works, and were exposed to a terrible fire in this unprotected position,1 but they stood nobly and fought splendidly; not a man of this regiment, or indeed of the whole brigade, left for the rear. Major Hartford and his regiment deserve particular credit for the gallantry displayed in getting into position under the severe fire and holding it without works, while two regiments from the Second Division that had been lying for hours a little to my left, on the approach of the enemy gave way without firing a gun, leaving much larger space without troops between my left and the right of the Second Division. After completing the line oii the left, under charge of Captain Bowers, acting aide-de-camp, I rode along the line with my adjutant-general, encouraging the men to stand firm and the day wonld be ours; the One hundrezt and twentieth New York Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Lockwood, on the right of the Eighth New Jersey Volunteers, and the colonel and his officers were all on their feet doing the same. The Seventh New Jersey Volunteers, Colonel Price, came next. This regiment was formed at a different angle, so as to enable the men to pour an enfilading fire onto the enemys lines and prevent them advanc- ing into the gap. I gave this order, and it was executed handsomely and added very much to the repulse of the enemy. Had it not been for this and the aid of the artillery, commanded by Lieutenants Green and Adams, of the Tenth Massachusetts, who were throwing their fire across the swamp at a right angle with my enfilading fire, all would have been lost. These artillery officers deserve great credit, and I have the pleasure to mention them favorably. The enemy advanced with a yell known to us all, and fell back; again they advanced with a determination to break my line, but again my ranks stood firm, and rolled back the tide of battle in a highly credita- ble manner. Prisoners say that they advanced in three lines of battle. From all I could see and learn, I think that was the case, though the woods prevented our seeing their movements. In riding along the liae, I found Chaplain Hopkins, of the One hun- dred and twentieth New York Volunteers, using a gun and firing con- stantly, and encouraging the meii to stand firm. He is deserving of mention. Before the battle eiided Major-General Humphreys and a part of his staff came up on the line, and was -an eye-witness to the scenes before him. It was a pleasing sight to see how the appearance of our corps commander inspired our men to new efforts. The third attack of the enemy then attempted ended in a complete rout, and night closing in they fell back to the woods, leaving their dead behind. During the latter part of the engagement two regiments of the Sec- ond Brigade came up to support my line, and at the close the whole Second Brigade formed on my left. A number of prisoners came in during the evening and in the night, and were forwarded. During the night our pickets were thrown out, and, tired and exhausted as the men were, the most part of the night was spent in building breast-works on the left of the line; the rest of the troops laid on their arms during the night. On the 6th of February the strengthening of the line was con- tinued, our picket-line advanced; details were sent in front to slash the timber and bury the enemys dead. In the afternoon a part of my com- mand was sent out on a reconnaissance toward the eneniys lines, which were then discovered about one mile and a half from our own Page 240 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (Ca& P. LVUL 240 February 7, packed up. and remained under arms till dark, one- fourth of the command remaining under arms all night. In conclusion permit me to say that my officers and men did all that could be desired of them. The former encouraging the men to stand tirm, regardless of their own personal safety, and the latter firing low as directed. To mention some would be doing injustice to others. I must not, however, omit to notice my adjutant-general, Capt. J. P. Finkelmeier, who fully sustained his previous reputation for gallant bravery in action, advising and encouraging officers and men every- where, upder the most terrific fire; also my aides, Capt. Charles F. IBowers, Capt. L. M. Morris, brigade inspector, and Lient. William Plimley, who went into the thickest of the fight with a will whenever ordered. Subjoined I have the houor to submit a statement of casualties: Killed. Wounded. Troops. .1 ~ U 7th New Jersey Volunt~rs 1 1 8th New Jersey voluntasrs 11 11 35 37 48 11th New .Jersey volunteers 1 1 1 1 2 lltk Massachusetts Volunteers K::::. 120th New York volunteers 2 2 2 Total 12 12 2 39 41 53 Respectfully submitted. R. McALLISTER, Brevet Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers. Maj. W. R. DRIVER, - Assistant Adjutant-General, Third Div., Second Army Corps. LIDQRS THIRD BRIG., THIRD Div., SECOND ARMY CORPS, March 28, 1865. In compliance with orders from headquarters Third Division, Second Army Corps, dated March 27, 1865, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this command in the operations of the 25th instant: At 6 a. m. the brigade was oi-dered under arms at the breast-works, ready to move, ~md at S a. in. an order was received to send a recon- noitei-ing party in our front. Captain Holmes, whom I sent with fifty men, soon found a strong line of pits, four and five in a pit, and engaged the eneuiys pickets. Pursuant to orders to send a force strong enough to press back the enemys pickets and discover the strength of their main line, I dispatched (at 9.50) Lieutenant-Colonel Schoonover with his regiment, who, upon arrival at the woods left of the open space, near Armstrongs house, found his coniniand insufficient to make a successful attack on the enerny~5 pickOt-line. The One hundred and twentieth New York was ordered up for his support, and the combined forces then made a most gallant charge, and succeeded in capturing the enemys ptt~ and abafis and 100 prisoners, under an enfilading fire of artillery froffi a tedottbt On the right of the enemys line and heavy volleys of mxrnsketry 1~rom~ the main line of theft works. it was then discovered that the enemy on this point had a heavy slashing an& Page 241 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 241 a palisade in advance of their works. The line was held till 3 p. in., when the enemy, under cover of their works on our left, succeeded in flanking our left flank and recapturing a portion of the line. Our men rallied a short distance in the rear, and drove the enemy again out of the recaptured pits. After re-establishing the line the Eleventh Massa- chusetts was ordered up for support and placed on the left of the Eleventh ~ew Jersey Volunteers. At this time General Smyth here reqnested Colonel Schoonover to make connection with his right and protect his flank. To accomplish this Colonel Schoonover was com- pelled to stretch a thin line through the woods. Meanwhile the remainder of my brigade, consisting of the Seventh and Eighth New Jersey Volunteers, were ordered forward and massed in rear of the First Brigade, right of the Armstrong house. Remaining there a short time, intelligence was received at about 6 p. in. that the enemy, in strong force, made a second attack through the woods on our left toward the right, and, after a stubborn resistance by our men, had suc- ceeded in retaking the line and capturing a number of Federal prison- ers. The Seventh and Eighth New Jersey then was again ordered to move to the left and fill up the gap existing between the One hundred and twentieth New York Volunteers and the First Brigade. Colonel Price, commanding the Seventh New Jersey Volunteers, with prompt- ness, deployed his command through the woods right of the open space, and succeeded in making the desired connection on his right, and with the Eighth New Jersey Volunteers, hastily, in the open space on his left. Almost simultaneously with this attack from the left another strong skirmish line of the enemy opened a bm-isk fire on the center of Colonel Rivers regiment, which, however, was checked in a short time by the steady and well-directed fire of his men. It is very evident, from the report of Lieutenant-Colonel Schoonover, and the regimental reports under his colnman(l, that the cause of the recapture of the line by the enemy was owing to the long line to be held by Lieutenant-Colonel Schoonover, with a force inadequate in nunibers to the task, making it easy for the enemy to charge it with a strong line of battle; also, to the exposed position of our troops to the range of the enemys guns, and his line of works affording a cross-fire on our troops, so that, without a line of works to protect us, we could not hold it. I cordially indorse the honorable mention of time officers contained in the inclosed report of Lientenant-Colonel Schoonover, viz: Lieuten- ant-Colonel Schoonover, themi division officer of the day, for assistance in pushing ahead his regiment to the 1)its just evacuated; Major Scott, in command of the One hundred and twentieth New York Volunteers; Captain Holmes; Captain Newkirk, who was wounded; Adjutant Rus- sell; Captain Gage, in command of the Eleventh New Jersey Volun- teers; Captain Moorhous; Captain Thompson; lieutenant Oliver; and would call particularly attention to the deliberate bravery of Colonel Price in checking the enemys advance toward evening. Colonel Schoon- over deserves great praise for his gallantry and bravery in making his first and second charge and capturing and recapturing the enemy~5 picket-line, as well as during the entire engagement. Subjoined is a copy of casualties.~ Iii conclusion, I have the honor and pleasure to say, my adjutant- general, Captain Finkelmeier, and my aides and staff officers rendered * Shows 9 men killed, 2 officers and 50 men wounded, and 1 officer and 91 men captured or missing; total, 153. 16 a RVOL XLVI, PT Page 242 242 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYIIL valuable service all through the day, ever ready and willing to go amidst danger to carry orders and see the line connected, for which they richly deserve favorable mention. Very respectfully, R. McALLISTER, Brevet Brigadier- General of Volunteers. Maj. W. B. DRIVER, Assistant Adjutant- General, Third Div., Second Army Corps. No. 80. Report of Capt. James F. Mansfield, Eleventh Massachusetts Infantry, of operations February 57. HEADQUARTERS ELEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS BATTALION, Febru~ry 13, 1865. SIR: In compliance with circular from headquarters Army of the Potomac, dated February 11,1865, I have the honor to forward the fol- lowing report of the proceedings of this command during the operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: At 6 oclock on the morning of the 5th instant the Eleventh Battalion Massachusetts Volunteers, under command of Capt. Thomas H. Dunham, left their camp near the Halifax road, and took up their line of march in the direction of Hatchers Run. The men were provided with five days rations. The battalion marched about three miles, to the vicinity ot Rowanty Creek, where a line of battle was formed in a pine woods to the left of the Vaughan road, and a breast-work thrown up in front of the position. We remained there until about 4 oclock, wheii the troops were withdrawn from the breast-works, and the Third Brigade massed in a field about 200 yards in the rear. After remaining there a short time ordered to resume position behind the works, and had only time to do so before firing began on the left, and a line of skirmishers belonging to the Second Division, Second Army Corps, that had been out in front, fell back inside our works, and reported the enemy advanc- ingin force. The skirmishers of the enemy being discovered in front, our battalion received orders to commence firing, and the advance [wasJ checked. The firing was continued for an hour and a half with more or less spirit, as the enemy advanced or fell back, but at no time did he reach a poiiit nearer than 100 yards to our line of works. After the firing ceased the works were strengthened; pickets thrown out 100 yards in advance of the line. The command laid on their arms all night. No one was injured during the day in the battalion. On the morning of February 6 picket-line was advanced. Two of the enemys dead were found in our front, and indications of the removal of many wounded. In the afternoon the battalion took part in a recon- naissance toward the enemys line of works, which were discovered about two miles from our own. At sunset returned to our original position. Slashed the woods fifty yards in front during the night. February 7, packed up and remained under arms until dark; one- fourth of the command remained under arms all night. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES F. MANSFIELD, Captain, Commanding Battalion. Capt. J. P. FiNKELMEmER, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Br~ig., Third Div., Second Army Corps Page 243 CH~. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 243 No.81. Report of Lieut. (Jot. Charles C. Rivers, Eleventh Massachusetts Infan try, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. ELEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS VOL. BATTALION, March 27, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the proceed- ings of this command during the operations of the 25th instant: At 10 a. ni. the battalion moved into the works running parallel with the camp, where it remained until about 1 p. in., when orders were received to move out to the front and support the 4Eleventh Regiment New Jersey Volunteers. Upon arriving there line was formed on the left of that reginient, and soon after the left of this battalion was con- nected with the right of the Second Division, ~vhich space was unoccu- pied by any troops until the arrival of this command. Remained in this position until the charge was made across Hatchers Run by Gen- eral Smyths troops, which drove the enemy from their position on the crest of the hill on the south side, when this command moved forward and formed a line on the left of the Eleventh New Jersey Volunteers, and two companies from the left of this battalion were ordered across the run, where they formed a junction with the right of General Smyths command. Soon after (lark I learned that the enemy had broken the connection iii the Eleventh New Jersey Volunteers and were advancing on my right, which fact was immediately reported to General Smyth, who placed a regiment to fill the gap until the line of troops on the left could be withdrawn, which was soon successfully done nithout any interruption from the enemy, and the command marched to the open field near the old picket-line, where it remained until about 2 a. in. on the following morning, when it returned to camp. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. C. RIVERS, Licut. Cot., Comdg. Eleventh Massachusetts Vol. Battalion. Lieut. Col. J. SCHOONOVER, Commanding Eleventh New Jersey Volunteers. No. 82. Reports ~J Col. Francis Price, Seventh New Jersey Infantry, of oper ations February 57 and March 25. IIDQRS. SEVENTH REGIMENT NEW JERSEY VET. VOLS., February 13, 1865. SIR: The following report of the part taken by my command in the action of the 5th, 6th, and 7th of February, 1865, is respectfully sub- mitted: Broke camp early on the morning of February 5. and moved down to iRtwanty Creek, quite imear the Squirrel Level road, where I was assigned a position iii a dense wood, and there ordered to erect breast- works. After the works were nearly completed I was ordered to move my command a short distance to the left, and again threw up intrenchments. In the afternoon my command was withdrawn and assigmied to tIme position held in the morning, the Elevemith Massachu- setts on my right and the One hundred and twentieth New York on my left. I had hardly occupied the hue when the enemy made a vig- orous and sudden attack on time pickets, driving them in. The enemy then, in strong force, attempted to carry the intrenchments on my lef Page 244 244 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LYrn. by assault, but were repulsed. In the charge they exposed themselves to a severe oblique lire from my front. After the action I proceeded to strengthen my position, working all the night of the 5th and morn- ing of the 6th. On the 6th my command was withdrawn and ordered to take posi- tion a shortL distance to the left, the Eleventh New Jersey on my right and One hnndred and twentieth New York on my left. Here we re- mained during the 7th, strengthening the works and slashing the timber in our front. During the action of the 5th the officers and men acted with coolness. As all did their duty I have no special act to mention. The only casualty that occurred was Corpi. Aaron Courtright, acting sergeant-major, who was slightly wounded in the right breast. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRANCIS PRICE, Colonel Seventh New Jersey Veteran Volunteers. [Capt. J. P. FINKELMEIER, Assistant Adjutant- General.] HDQRS. SEVENTH RECIMENT NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS, March 27, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by my command in the operations of March 25 instant: At about 3 p. in. I left the works behind which my command was encamped, marched beyond the picket-line of the First Brigade, and there massed in column of divisions. Remaining in that position for a short time, I was directed to move my command toward the left. After proceeding to the edge of the wood, and having received orders to move forward in line of battle and connect with the left of the One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers (First Brigade), I established my line, the left of which connected with the Eighth New Jersey, which shortly after joined us. I had just completed a small breast.work of logs, hurriedly thrown up, when the enemy, with apparently a strong skirmish line, opened a brisk fire, which, however, was silenced in a short time by the steady and well-directed fire of my men. Nothing further of note occurred, and at about midnight of the 25th I received orders to return to camp. My loss during the movement is as follows: 1 officer wounded; enlisted menwounded, 6; missing, 3. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRANCIS PRICE, Colonel Seventh New Jersey Volunteers. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, THIRD BRIGADE. No. 83. Reports of Maj. Henry Hartford, Eighth New Jersey Infantry, of oper ations February 57 and March 2526. HDQRS. EIGHTH BATTALION NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS, Near Hatchers Run, Ira., February 13, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to rel)ort the operations of this battalion on the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: On the 5th instant, at 6.30 a. in., we broke camp, marched to the right of the division camp-ground, and took our position in order of march. In conjunction with the brigade we proceeded along th Page 245 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 245 Vaughan road, passed the original picket-line, and went into line of battle to the right of Hatchers iRun, where we ecustructed breast-works. In the afternoon were relieved by a portion of Brevet Brigadier-Gen- eral Ramseys brigade, and were massed in his rear. A few minutes past 4 p. m. we moved to the left of our former position, and went into line of battle behind the extreme left of the works, witli the exception of the left wing, which was without any protection and formed the left of the brigade. Before the battalion had got into position the skir- mishers were driven in, aiid the enemy, keeping up a desaltory fire, soon made their appearauce. They were greeted with a terrific volley of musketry from our mcii, and thrown into confusion. Again they advanced in stroiig force, and, notwithstanding the destructive fire poured into them, succeeded in gaining the shelter of stumps and fallen timber on our left front, and for a time kept up a fatal fire on the exposed wing of the battalion, but they were forced to retire. They again made their appearance, seemingly determined upon carry- ing the line, but the well-directed fire checked thei~i when within eighty yards of our works; they fought for some time quite determinedly, but eventually gave way in confusion, suffering severely for their temerity. The last repulse was after dark, and was the end of the engagement. Our loss was 11 killed and 38 wounded. Pickets were established, and the night passed in quiet, the enemy making no further demonstration. On the morning of the 6th seven rebel prisoners were brought in who could not succeed in getting away during the night. The 6th and the 7th instant were occupied by us in cutting slashings in our front. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. HARTFORD, Major Eighth Battalion New Jersey Volunteers, Commanding. Capt. J. P. FINKELMEIER, Assistant Adjutant- General, Third Brigade. HDQRS. EIGHTH BATTALION NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS, Near Petersburg, Va., March 27, 1865. SIR: In comnliance with circular from headquarters Third Brigade, Third Division, Second Army Corps, of this instant, I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by this command in the operation of the 25th and 26th instant: The battalion was formed soon after daybreak, and stood under arms at the breast-works until ordered out as support to the advance. Sev- eral changes occurred in our position during the day. A little after dark the left wing of the battalion advanced, under fire of the enemy, and occupied the line of rifle-pits, suffering the loss of 1 killed and 2 severely wounded. Connection was made on the left with the Eleventh New Jersey Volunteers, on the right with the Seventh New Jersey. Subsequently the remainder of the battalioa joined the left wing and extended along the line of the Seventh New Jersey Volun- teers, connected on the right with the Seventeenth Maine. A few shots were exchanged during the night, resulting in no casualties to us. New pits were made and old ones repaired. The battalion was relieved abont dark. of the 26th instant, and returned to camp. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. HARTFORD, Major Eighth Battalion New Jersey Volunteers, Commanding. Capt. J. P. FINKELMEIER, Assist ant Adjutant.General Page 246 246 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CRAP. LYIIL No. 84. Report of Lieut. Col. John Schoonover, Eleventh New Jersey h~fantry, of operations February 5. HDQRS. ELEVENTH REGIMENT NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 1865. CAPTAIN: In obedience to circular from superior headquarters, I have the honor to report the part taken by my command in the action of the 5th instant, as follows: In accordance with orders received at 3 a. m. on the 5th instant, the regiment was ready to move at 7, and half an hour later took up the march, with the brigade, to the left. Arriving at the Tucker house, on the right of the Vaughan road, the right wing of the regiment was deployed as skirmishers, and advanced to the front, connecting with the skirmish line of the Second iDivision on the left, and that of the One hundred and twentieth New York Volunteers on the right. This portion of the regitfient, except fifty men under charge of Lieutenant Rosetter, was relieved during the afternoon by the pickets of the First Division. In the meantime the left wing was employed in throwing up a breast-work on the crest of the hill in front of the Tucker house. About 4 p. m. the regiment was taken to the rear and halted, with the brigade, near the Tucker house, where it remained a short time, when it was again pnt in motion. Almost simultaneously with this move- ment firing was heard in the front, and, by order, I went into line double. quick along the works, my right joining General Ramseys left and my left the Eleventh Massachusetts. About this time the skirmishers began to come in, many belonging to the Second Division crossing the works on my front. When Lieutenant Bosetter, with his men, was crossing the open field in front of the works the enemy opened a vig- orous fire upon his line with a battery posted to the left and rear of the Thompson house. Shortly after the enemy commenced firing over the works from the thick woods in front of my left. During the action the enemy did not attempt to advance across the open field in my front, but kept up a steady and scattei-ing fire from the ravine. At no time did I find it necessary to fire a volley, but kept up a steady fire by file. This fire was continued until nearly 8 oclock, when pickets were thrown out. I never saw the regiment steadier than on this occasion; the fire was very deliberate. The conduct of the officers, without an exception, was good. Loss, 1 man killed and 1 wounded. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. SCHOONOVER, Lieutenant- Colonel, C~ommanding Regiment. Capt. J. P. FINKELMEIER, Assista~~t Adjutant. General. No. 85. Report of Capt. Charles F. Gage, Eleventh Neu Jersey Infantry, 0] operations March 25. CAMP ELEVENTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS, March 27, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to report the following as the operations of the regiment during the action of the 25th instant: We filed in the woods beyond the picket-line about 9 a. in., and Com- panies B and E were deployed as skirmishers, under command of Cap Page 247 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 247 tam Moorhous, and were moved forward toward the enemys rifle-pits The regiment followed by the flank until near the edge of the wood, when the line was formed for a charge. Companies A., D, and F were then deployed upon the left of the skirmish line to form a connection with the Second Division. Soon after these preparations the One hun- dred and twentieth New York was formed upon our right, and the order to move forward was given by Colonel Schoonover, and the enemy~s picket-line was captured, scarcely a man making his escape. During the charge the regiment was under a very severe fire from the cuemys batteries, also from their works about 400 yards in rear. About 3 p. m. the enemy succeeded in getting a force upon our left flank, at the point where the skirmish line connected with the captured pits, and forced us back. In consequence of the destructive fire from their batteries we were unable to rally until we arrived at our old line of picket-posts. After the rally we moved forward to the enemys pits and again suc- ceeded in getting possession of them, and men were placed in all the pits. The skirmish line was formed as before, connecting with the cap- tured pits. About 4 p. m. the Eleventh Massachusetts formed on our left, and were deployed to connect with the Second I)ivision. About 5 p. m. General Smyth captured the pits in his front, and the regiment was moved forward to keep up the connection. I was then sent to Lieutenant-Colonel Rivers with a message, and while delivering it the enemy again attacked the line in nearly the same manner as before, but with a larger force, and again obtained possession of it. The regi- ment was reformed at the picket-line, and was not again advanced. We remained on the line until 1 a. m. [26th], when we were relieved by the Eighth.New Jersey Volunteers. The conipany on tIme left of regiimment which was not struck remained at their posts until the Eleventh Mas- sachusetts came in. The loss during the day2 killed, 9 wounded, 41 missing. Respectfully submitted. C. F. GAGE, Captain Company B, Acting Major Eleventh New Jersey Vois. Lieut. Col. JOHN SCHOONOVER, Commanding Eleventh New Jersey Volunteers. No. 86. Report of Lieut. Col. Abram L. Lockwood, One hundred and twentieth New York Infantry, of operations February 57. HEADQUARTERS 120TH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, February 13, 18G5. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this regiment in the operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: In obedience to orders received this command was formed on its color line at 7 a. m. February 5, in heavy marching order, with four days rations. It was then marched, with the rest of the brigade, to the left, about three miles, where a line of battle was formed, running east and west. At 12.30 p. m. orders were received to throw up a line of works. The line was almost completed when orders were received to withdraw from these works and mass near the Tucker house, being relieved by troops of General Ramseys brigade about 4 p. m. W Page 248 248 m AND SF. VA., N. (I, W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. were then ordered into line again farther to the left, connecting with the Seventh New Jersey Volunteers on our right. While I was engaged in getting my regiment formed, the approach of the enemy was made known by rapid skirmishing for a few moments, and the falling back of the picket-line in our front. Before I got my regiment into position fairly the firing from the enemy became very severe, advancing through the woods with a yell, apparently making a desperate charge to break through our hastily formed line. I immediately ordered my regiment to open fire, which they did, pouring into the enemy so destructive a fire that they were driveu back. Two distinct advances were afterward made by the enemy, apparently in heavy force, but they were both times repelled, and wfth considerable loss, as was afterward ascertained by the number of dead left on the ground and buried in our front. A fire was kept up by the enemy until dark, but was not returned with as much vigor as it would have been had a good supply of ammunition been at hand. After dark a picket was thrown out, and it was dis- covered that the enemy had withdrawn from our front. The command was kept at work all night strengthening the line of works. Both officers and men of the command behaved with great coolness and bravery, and where all behaved so well it is difficult to make parti- enlar mention of any one person. Chaplain H. Hopkins, of this regi- ment, deserves particular mention, however, li.e being in the line with a musket and fighting bravely side by side with the men, and by his coolness and bravery exerted a good influence over them. Our loss was triflingonly two men woundedowing to the protec- tion afforded by a low, hastily thrown up line of works, behind which the command was partially sheltered. On the 6th instant a new line was laid out, and the men were & ~gaged during the 6th and 7th in building the new works. This command suffered severely from exposure to rain and cold, and the number of sick is increasing rapidly. Very respectfully, yours, A. L. LOCKWOOD, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. J. P. FINKELMEJER, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 87. Report of Maj. Walter F. Scott, One hundred and twentieth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS 120TH NEW YORK VOLUNTEE~5, March 27, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this regiment in the engagement with the enemy, March 25,1865: About 11 a. m. of the 25th instant I was ordered by the brevet brig- adier-general commanding to report to you with my regiment, and pnrsuant to orders received from you I formed my regiment in line of battle, my left joining the Eleventh New Jersey Volunteers, my right resting near the edge of the woods in front of the Armstrong house. I was ordered to advance steadily to the edge of the woods, and, upon reaching there, dash forward and capture and hold the enemys picket Page 249 Ciiii. LVIII.) 249 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. line, conforming my movements with those of the Eleventh New Jersey Volunteers. We charged across an open field, about 300 yards, carried the enemys line, capturing 2 commissioned officers and about 40 en- listed men. We heldthe line until about 3 p. in., when the enemy sent a force on our left through a ravine which entirely concealed them until they were withiu a few yards of our line; they dashed upon us, drivino~ us from the line. I immediately reformed my regiment and charged the line the second time, driving the enemy from it and captur- ing about twenty lrisoners, and held the line until about 5 p. m. The enemy again massed a strong force ou our left, and charged our left, driving a portion of my regiment away from their pits, and moved by the flank along our line toward our right, driving our men away pit by pit. I reformed my regiment in the woods, when the Seventh New Jersey Volunteers came up in line of battle and took up a line in the woods about fifty yards in my front. I reported to brigade headquar- ters, and was ordered to remain where I was until further orders. At 1 a. m. March 26 I received orders to return to our original camp. During the day our loss was, 6 killed, 32 wounded, and 46 missing. I am, sir, yours, respectfully, WALTER F. SCOTT, Major, Commanding 120th New York Volunteers. Lient. Col. J. SCHOONOVER, Commanding Elerenlh New Jersey Volunteers. No. 88. Reports of Bvt. Lieut. Col. John G. Hazard, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, of operations February 57 and March 25. HDQRS. ARTILLERY BRIGADE, SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 12, 1865. MAJOR: In obedience to instructions received from headquarters of the corps, February 4, 1865, three batteries of this brigade were got in readiness to move. Cii the evening of the 4th I was informed that only two batteries would go, and designated Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, Brevet Captain Roder commanding, with a section of Battery B, First Rhode Island Artillery, attached, and the Tenth Massachusetts Battery, First Licut. J. Webb Adams commanding. Captain Roder was directed to report to Brevet Major-General Mott, commanding Third T)ivision, at 6.30 a. in. February 5, and Lieutenant Adams to Brigadier-General Sinyth, commanding Second Division, at the same hour. Capt. A. J. Clark, First New Jersey Artillery, was left in command of the batteries oim the First Division line. The batteries moved with the troops at 7 a. m. on the Vaughan road toward Hatch- ers run. When the First Brigade of the Third I)ivision carried the ford at the run, one section of Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, was put in position to cover tIme ford of the Third Division, and another to plotect the flank and remained there dnring the day. When General Smyths division moved toward Armstrongs Mill ford it was followed by the Tenth Massachusetts Battery. One section was placed in posi- tion near the Armstrong house, covering the ford and another com- manding the Duncan road. The remaining section, under command o Page 250 250 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. tcnip. LYTIL Lieutenant Day, was, at a later hour, put in position in rear of the Tucker house. At about 5.30 a. m. the enemy attacked our forces on the right of the Duncan road; the sectioii of Adams battery, placed to cover the ford, commenced firing to the rear. At the point where McAllisters brigade was connecting with the Third Division the enemy forced our troops back at one time, but, with the assistance of a vigorous shelling from two sections of Adams battery, which had been brought to bear on this point, the enemy were driven back. During the attack on Gen- eral McAllisters brigade the four guns of Adams battery were enabled to render good service, as their fire enfiladed the advancing line of the enemy completely. The assault was successfully repulsed, and on examination of the ground showed that the artillery fire had been very destructive. No casualties occurred during this engagement, and only one horse was killed. During the night of the 5th Smiths section of Roders battery was sent to the neighborhood of the Armstrong house, and the rest of Roders battery moved back from the Vaughan-road ford at the time of the withdrawal of the Third Division, and were placed in reserve near the Cummings house. In the afternoon, when the Fifth Corps was engaged and had returned from Dabneys Mill, Smiths section, from its position near the Ann- strong house, and a section of the Tenth Massachusetts Battery, near the same house, kept up a vigorons fire on the enemy in the woods opposite the Armstrong-Mill ford. Nothing worthy of remark occurred until the afternoon of February 7, wheii smiths section again opened fire on the woods in front of the advancing line of the Fifth Corps, and continued to fire until our troops advanced so far as to render it dan- gerous to them. The batteries remained in their positions until the 11th instant, when they were disposed on the new intrenched line now held by the corps. The casualties during the three days were, 3 horses killed, 1 horse wounded. Respectfully submitted. JNO. G. HAZARD, Brevet Lieutenant- Colonel, U. S. Volunteers, Commandinq. Maj. SEPTIMUS CARNOROSS, Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Corps. IIDQUS. ARTILLERY BRIGADE, SECOND ARMY CORPS, illiarch 27, 1865. I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by this command in the operations of the 25th instant: At about 6 a. m. the command was ordered to harness up and hitch in. Battery F, First Pennsylvania Artillery, was moved from its camp and parked near Third Division headquarters at 12 oclock. Batter B First Rhode Island Artillery, and B, First New Jersey Artillery, were parked in rear of Battery IF, in anticipation of being placed in position at the Watkins h~ouse. At 5 p. m. one section of Roders battery was placed in position on the right of Miles division, to protect his flank in case of an attack at that point. At 530 p. m. the other section of the battery was placed in position at the Skinner house, and opened fire on the enemy iii the woods with solid shot, expending thirty-three rounds. The two sections of the battery remained in position until after dark Page 251 Cu.u. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 251 when they were withdrawn by order of Major General Miles, and took up their old position in Battery A. During the day the Tenth Massa- chusetts, B, First New Jersey Artillery, Eleventh New York, and First New Hamsphire fired on the enemys position from their respective works, bat the distance being so great itis doubtful if they rendered any material assistance. During the attack upon General Miles, Bat- tery E, Fifth U. S. Artillery, was ordered to report to me, by order of Major-General Griffin. I placed one section in position itear the ene- mys old work iii rear of the Skinner house, to right of iRoders battery. On account of its being a three-inch battery I considered it would be of little or no use in firing over the heads of our troops. After firing a few rounds I ordered it to the rear. On the withdrawal of the troops the batteries of the command were ordered to their former positions. There were no casualties nor loss of material. The following is the amount of ammunition expended: a a a 5)0 a .5 P~. ~ ~,. ~ O .3.5 .3 ~ Command. -~ ~ ~ a C) 5)5) ,0 a -~ -~ o Os 5)2 5)2 5)2 m Battery K, 4th U.s. Artillery 33 28 8 Battery B, 1st New Jersey Artillery 8 11th New York Battery 8 10th Massachusetts Battery 12 77 Battery M, 1st New Hampshire Artillery 42 20 27 80 Total 41 28 8~62 ~ 27 80 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. G. HAZARD, Brevet Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Lient. Col. CHARLES A. WHITTIER Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Corps. (Copy to Bvt. Ma~j. John N. Craig, itssistant adjutant-general, artil- lery headquarters, Army of the Potomac.) No. 89. Report of Bvt. Capt. John W. Roder, Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, of operations February 511. HEADQUARTERS BATTERY K, FOURTH U. S. ARTILLERY, Before Petersburg, Va., February 12, 1865. COLONEL: In compliance with instructions from headquarters Artil- lery Brigade, Second Corps, of this date, I have the honor to submit the following report of the participation of Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, in the recent movement: In obedience to orders froln headqnarters Artillery Brigade, Second Corps, I reported with my battery to Brevet Major-General Mott, com- manding Third Division, Second Corps, at 6.30 oclock On the morning of the 5th instant; was directed by the general to follow the division, which would take the Vaughan road and umarch in the direction toward Hatchers Run. Soon after we had started 1 was requested by one of General Motts aides to send one section to the front, which 1 did, send Page 252 252 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. ing the right section, under the command of Lieutenant Smith. I after- ward found it in position in a small field near hatchers Run. I brought the rest of the battery in the same field; remained there all day without firing any. Some time during the night I was directed by the chief of artillery to detach one section, under command of Lieuten- ant Smith, which I did (you will find his report inclosed herewith ),~and ordered to move the rest of the guns back in a field near the Cummings house. Here I remained from the 6th to the morning of the 11th instant, when I was ordered to go back to my old camp. I have no losses or casualties to report of any kind. Respectfully submitted. J. W. RODER, First Lieut., Fourth U. S. Arty., Bvt. Capt., Comdg. Battery K. Bvt. Lieut. Col. J. G. HAZARD, Commanding Artillery Brigade, Second Corps. No. 90. Report of Lieut. Edward S. Smith, Fifteenth Battery New York Light Artillery, commanding section Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, of operations February 611. HEADQUARTERS BATTERY K, FOURTH U. S. ARTILLERY, Before Petersburg, Va., February 12, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of my section after having been detached from the battery, on the night of the 6th instant: I was conducted by Lieutenant Bull (inspector of artillery of the Artillery Brigade, Second Corps) to the Second Division line. I was then directed by General Smyth, commanding Second Division, Second Corps, to take position on the crest of a hill in the rear and left of the Armstrong house. Remained there until about 4 oclock in the after- noon, when ordered to move my section to the front of the house and open as quickly as possible on a piece Of woods through which the enemy were charging. Fired eighty-two rounds of solid shot, spherical case, and shell. Remained in position all night. On Tuesday, about 3 p. in., was again ordered to open a brisk fire into the woods where the enemy were sup- posed to be massing to make an attack on the Fifth Corps; fired twenty- six rounds of solid shot. Remained in position until the morning of the 11th instant, when I was directed by Lieutenant Deane, aide-de-camp to the chief of artillery, to move my section to the rear and right, take position on the Third Division line. Remained there about five hours, when I was relieved by Lieutenant Chase, with a section of Battery B, First Rhode Island Artillery, and ordered to report back to the bat- tery. The non-commissioned officers and privates behaved in their usual good manner. I have no losses or casualties to report, with the exception of my own horse being wounded. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. SMITH, First Lieutenant, Fifteenth New York Battery, Attached to Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery. Bvt. Capt. Joir~ W. RODER, Commanding Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery Page 253 Cu~. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 253 No. 91. Report of Maj. (len. Gouverneur K. Warren, U. S. Army, commanding Fifth Army Corps, of operations February 57. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, February 15, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to make the following report of the operations intrusted to me in the late movement. My instructions, received on the 4th instant, say: The commanding general directs that you move with your corps to-morrow morn- ing at 7 oclock down the Halifax road to Rowanty Post-Office, then by the road direct to the crossing of Rowanty Creek, at W. Perkins, thence to J. HargraveS, on the road leading from Dinwiddie Court-House, taking position at or near that point, to support General Greggs cavalry. General Gregg has been ordered to strike the Boydton plank road at Diawiddie Court-House. He is to endeavor to intercept and capture any wagon trains carrying supplies from Belfield, and to take advantage of any opportunity of inflicting injury on the enemy. I set out, as directed, at 7 a. m. on the 5th. My divisions were in the following order: First, General Ayres; second, General Griffins; third, twelve field pieces (with eight horses to each piece and to each caisson); fourth, General Crawfords division; fifth, train, consisting of half my ambulances, fifty wagons of infantry ammnnitidn, and fifty-six wagons heavily loaded with forage and ammunition for the cavalry. We took four days rations. The column was preceded by three squad- rons of the Sixth Ohio Cavalry, commanded by Captain Saxon. We reached the crossing of Rowanty Creek, at W. Perkins, about 10 a. in., and found the place defended by about 100 of the enemys infantry. A squadron of cavalry, dismounted, was unable to keep down their fire so as to cross, and General Gwyns brigade was at once ordered up. This silenced the eiiemys fire, and a crossing was made by swimming and wading, beside a few on the ice. About twenty-five prisoners were taken. This was about 11 a. m. We lost eight wounded, among whom was Maj. D. II. Kent, of the Fourth Delaware. The stream was about sixty feet wide, and could not be forded by men or horses, but trees were soon cut for the men to scramble over. The horses were able to cross on a bridge we made for them about a quarter to 1 p. in., and a bridge practicable for the artillery and trains was completed about 3.45 p. m. The column, as fast as it crossed, umoved dat to the Vaughan road and toward IDinwiddie Court-House, and took up the position assigned it, by the orders of the preceding day, without any opposition. We communicated with General Greggs column on reaching the Vaughan road, and learned he had gone on to Dinwiddie Court-House. At 4.30 m m. I was informed by Maj. H. E. Tremain, aide-de-camp to General Gregg, that he had reached Din- widdie Court-House and was on his way back to the Malone crossing of the IRowanty Creek, where he should bivouac for the-night. Irumnedi- ately after this I met some of the enemys cavalry coming down the road from Dinwiddie Court-House toward us, and the meeting was quite unexpected to them from the way they scampered off, and to me, as I had supposed General Gregg would send information to me as soon as he uncovered the road leading to my position. The enemys cavalry thus picked up one or two stragglers and caught sight of our infantry; this was all Page 254 254 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [Ciw.. LVIII. Being in frequent communication with the major-general command. ing the army during the evening, I, at 9 p. in., received orders to move up and join General ilumplireys at the Vaughan road crossing of Hatchers Run, to be prepared for any concentration of the enemy in the morning. This gave me specific instructions about the posting of my divisions and of General Greggs cavalry, which was ordered up to join me for that purpose. I, as soon as practicable, ordered General Griffins division in motion, but the relieving of pickets, & c., made it nearly midnight before he was fairly on the road. My train all fol- lowed him, then General Ayres division and the artillery, and then General Crawfords division. General Gregg reached me on the Vaughan road at 4 a. m. on the 6th instant, and his troops filling up the road which my instructions required his forage train to return by, I directed it to follow General Crawford. The cavalry then brought up the rear, skirmishing with the enemy and punishing him severely when he came close enough. The night was very cold and the roads were frozen hard before morning. The troops had little rest and 110 sleep. The enemys cavalry followed General Gregg up the Vaughan road, but were easily repulsed in their attempt to crowd us, and did not show themselves to the infantry in the posi- tion I placed them, according to previous instructions. At 8 a. m. I received notification to feel the enemy along my front, and fight him if outside his lines. This I took to refe~-~o the~en-enmy in front of General Hnmphreys troops, where the fighting had been the evening previous, and at which point the enemy were expected to attack, that being a part of my front, in the event of my being the ranking officer present, which I thought might be meant, as the concentration of our troops had been made under the supposition that General Huniphreys out. ranked me, and then he was to command the whole, which my rank, when known, would put upon me. This left me in some doubt, and before I could make any definite arrangements I received notice from General Humphreys that he was about to attack the enemy if outside his works; and then I thought it best to await the result of his operations and hold all the Fifth Corps and cavalry in hand to co-operate with him if needed. I sent General Winthrops brigade, of General Ayres division, to hold the Vaughan road and relieve the cav- alry. At 11 a. m. General llumphreys informed me that the enemy on his front had retired to his intrenched lines, and I then waited further instructions from the general commanding after his receiving this information. At 12.15 I received orders to~make a reconnaissance south and west of Hatchers Run, to ascertain the whereabouts of the enemys lines in that direction; I also had a personal interview with the general commanding at my headquarters; consequently, at 1.15 p. in., I issued instructions to General Crawford to move out on the Vaughan road to where it turns off to Dabneys Mill, and then follow up that road toward the mill, drive back the enemy, and ascertaiii the position of his intrenched lines said to be there; also, to General Ayres to follow General Crawford with his division, taking with him General Winthrops brigade, then with the cavalry down the Vaughan road. General Gregg was directed to send a force of cavalry and drive the enemy down the Vaughan road across Gravelly Run, and also to watch the left flank of the infantry column (composed of General Crawford and General Ayres) as it advanced. This I thought the cavalry could easily do, as no considerable force of the enemy had been reported to me to be in that direction. Genera Page 255 CHAI. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 255 Griffins division was left in reserve to support either the column toward Dabneys Mill or the cavalry on the Vaughan road, an(l posted where the road diverged. General llumphreys informed me also that Wheatons division, 4,500 strong, at the Cummings house, was available as support, as well as General iDe Trobriands brigade, 2,500 strong. My orders were obeyed very promptly. General Crawford had not proceeded far before the enemys intrenched picket-line was eucountered. This was soon carried by General Braggs brigade of his division. Having intrusted the direction of aiThirs on the Vaughan road to General Gregg with his cavalry, I went with the infantry column toward Dabucys Mill. We had proceeded but a short distance when heavy firing began on the Vaughan road, and reports caine that General Wiuthrops brigade had been attacked by the enemy in force and could not rejoin General Ayres, as both he and General Gregg had all they could do to maintain themselves and needed assistance. I then directed General Griffin to re-enforce General Winthrop by a brigade and to take com- mand of operations on the Vaughan road, reserving to myself Gezieral Griffins Third Brigade (his largest and best), which was on his right, to send to General Ayres, in place of General Winthrops, if it was needed there. Being agaiii called upon by General Gregg for re-en- forcements, as the enemy was turning his left, I sent over to order across the run the supports from General llumphreys. Having made these~ arrangements, I went along with the movement toward Dabneys Mill, to which l)lace General Crawford soon drove the enemy. Rallying there, the enein y forced back General Crawfords left somewhat, when General Ayres was sent in to his support on that flank with his two brigades. The enemy was again driven and to some distance beyond Dabneys Mill. The firing continuing now to be constant and severe I brought up the Third Brigade of General Griffins division in close sup- port, and was obliged to put it all with General Ayres to hold our left. I sent then also, at once, for at least a brigade of General Wheatons division, intending to order the whole division up if affairs on the Vaughan road would permit. Unfortunately, however, the enemy got up re-enforcements faster than I could, and when a brigade of General Wheatons division was nearing the scene of action a charge was made by the enemy in a force (according to the Petersburg Express consisting of three divisions) against which I had but six brigades opposed. Our line (lespite all the exertions of the prominent officers aiid much good conduct among those in the ranks, gave way and fell back rap- idly, but with little loss after the movement began; portions of the line continued to fire as it retired, and General Wheaton got his brigade in line, and with it a portion of the others reformed, so that the enemy was checked before our old lines were reached by us. The resistance the enemys attack met on the Vaughan road, together with the vigor of our attack at Dabneys Mill, drew off all his troops to the latter place, which was the natural place for both his retiring columns to meet, as was our lines at the run for our two columns if l)ressed back. Could the true state of the case have been ascertained in time, so as to have transferred our troops on the Vaughan road to the ene~ny~s right flank at Dabneys Mill, we should have driven him beyond the plank road with ease. As it was, a reconnaissance in force (see General Lees report) began nearly simultaneously by both parties, resulted in the enemy being repulsed on one road and ourselves upon the other, with probably nearly equal losses. I must say if our troops had all stood as firm at Dabneys Mill as the best of them did, that I ha Page 256 256 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [Ow.. LVIII. enough there to have held the enemy till any amount of re-enforce- ments could have arrived. On the whole, it was not a bad fight and in. no way discouraged me in my willingness to try the same thing again with the same men. Nearly all the operations of the column toward Dabneys Mill I was an eye-witness to, and can speak of the good con- duct of all those officers on whom I have heretofore relied. I, however, refer you to the division and brigade reports for specific details. The operations on the Vaughan road were completely successful, but they required and took up a very considerable force that I expected to use on the other road, and thus rendered us too weak at that point, to which I gave my personal attention, and which, from the relation of our forces, was the important one. I beg to refer to the reports of General Gregg, of the cavalry, General Griffin, cominaiiding First Division and General Winthrop, commanding First Brigade, Second Division* The moonlight night served to reform the brigades, and at dawn of the 7th we were ready for whatever might be offered by the enemy. At daylight changes in the brigades were begun successively so as to bring all of each division together. This was effected by 10 a. in.; and the enemy having made no demonstrations I ordered General Crawford to move out from our right near Armstrongs Mill and attack the enemy. This was promptly done. The enemys l)ickets were found on the same intreiiched lines as on the preceding day, but in stronger force. General Baxters brigade drove them out. General Crawford having reformed his men I sent over two brigades of General Wheatons division to secure his fiaiiks, in case of a farther advance, which he was directed to make just before sunset. I did not think it proper to make more extensive operations in the severe storm which prevailed all day, having instructions not to do so without I was confident of great advantages. About 6 p. m. General Crawford again advanced and drove the enemy back to his line near iDabneys Mill, regaining part of the battle-field of the preceding day and burying those killed found there. Dnring the night I withdrew his command to this side of Hatchers Run, to be able to make the disposition of troops contemplated by the commanding general, in making a new defensive line. General Craw- fords division was the only one engaged this day and behaved most creditably. It lost in killed and wounded 175 officers and men, but drove the enemy at all points of attack. General Wheatous division performed very arduous service and underwent severe exposure on this day. The prompt execution of orders and the good service rend- ered by the brigade of General Wheatons division, engaged on the 6th, I most gratefully acknowledge. I take this occasion to deny the newspaper correspondents state- inent that this brigade fired into any of our troops. It was under my eye the whole time, and did not fire except upon the enemy. I would also state that there was no ammunition wagon abandoned on the 6th. I wish further to state that our falling back from Dabneys Mill under the fire of the enemy was, in my opinion, unnecessary and was against my orders; I had force enough to have held on longer. The enemy did * Griffins report not found. On February 16, 1865, General Griffin transmitted to ~~rps headquarters the reports of his brigade commanders, with the remark that he submitted them as my report of the movements of the troops under my command during the operations of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant Page 257 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 257 not flank us but came square in front, and I believe we can do bet ter next time. Our losses in the whole movement are as follows: Killed Wounded. Missing. Total. Command. a a ~ a a . a a a a ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ~~ . First Division 4 27 14 181 1 40 19 248 267 Second Division 4 21 13 186 1 25 18 232 250 Third Division 2 61 20 482 1 86 23 629 652 Cavalry Division a150 alSO 17 40 5Th 57 Brigade of Wheatons division Total 10 109 47 866 191 60 1,316 1,376 a About. The above table is made out from the nominal lists. 1 beg to record here the names of my staff officers present during the operations, all of whom did their duty: Bvt. Col. Fred. T. Locke, assistant adjutant-general; Bvt. Col. II. C. Bankhead; Lient. Col. A. L. Thomas, chief quartermaster; Bvt. Maj. 1). L. Smith, chief commissary; Surg. T. Rush Spencer, medical director; Asst. Surg. C. K. Winne, medical inspector; Capts. E. B. Cope and James W. Wadsworth, aides- de-camp; Capts. Gofdon Winslow, jr., and II. S. Melcher, acting aides- de-camp. Colonel Bankhead, inspector-general, was wounded, and Captain Melcher had his horse killed. Majors Pease, Sanders, Mason, and Ros- encrantz, officers of General Meades staff; also aided me in their duties most creditably. Major Peases horse was shot under him. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. K. WARREN, Major- General of Volunteers. Col. GEORGE D. RUGGLES, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac. ADDENDA. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, March 9, 1865. Major.General WARREN, Commanding Fifth Army Corps: GENERAL: I have the honor to report the following as the operations of the corps during the late movement on Hatchers Run, commencing February 5, 1865, so far as they came under my observation: We marched from our old camp between the Halifax road and the Jerusalem plank road at 7 a. m. February 5 taking the Halifax road, via Rowanty Post-Office, to the crossing of Rowanty Creek. The Sixth Ohio Cavalry had the advance of the column. At the creek we found the bridge destroyed, the stream deep and unfordable, and the crossing disputed by a small force of the enemy, who were protected by a strong rifle-pit on the opposite bank. The cavalry, deployed as skirmishers, dismounted, and subsequently Gwyns brigade, of the Second Division, were sent forward, effected a crossing, lrove the enemy away, captQr. - 1-1 R- R~YttL XLVI, -PT I Page 258 258 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. lug twenty.three prisoners. This brigade pushed forward about half a mile and threw out a strong picket, while the bridges across the creek were being constructed under the personal superintendence of the. major-general commandiug. The bridges were completed about 4 p. in., when the whole command crossed and proceeded to the intersec. tion of the Vaughan road with the Quaker road. Captain Cope, aide. de-camp, was directed to go forward on the road toward Dinwiddie Court-House and effect a communication with General Greggs cavalry. This was done, Captain Cope meeting an officer from General Gregg, whom the latter had sent for the purpose. About the same time a con- nection was made on our right with the Second Corps. Griffins divis. ion was sent out about half a mile on time above road, taking position on the Chappell farm. Ayres division was posted on the Quaker road, while Crawfords division was stationed on the Vaughan road, the trains and artillery being parked near him. About 5 p. in. heavy firimig was heard in the direction of Hatchers Hun. the Second Corps having engaged the enemy near Armstrongs Mill. About 9 p. m. orders were received from the major-general command- ing the army to move up at once to the crossing of the Vaughan road over Hatchers Run. The comuniand was put in motion, Griffin, with the traimis, leading. Ayres followed with the artillery, Crawford briimging up the rear, and soomi after daylight, February 6, the troops and trains arrived at the point designated. The infantry were placed in the breast- works near the crossing of Hatchers Run. General Gregg with his cavalry was directed to cover time Vaughan road as far as the crossing of Gravelly Ran. Winthrops brigade, of Ayres division, was sent to the support of the cavalry, and went imito positiomi on the right of the Vaughau road near the Keys house. About 1.30 p. in. the enemy made his appearamice in considerable force on our left. About 2 p. in. Craw- fords division was advanced up the Vaughamm road in the direction of Dabneys Mill, Braggs brigade leading. The enemy was discovered in rifle-pits about 800 yards in front of our breast-works. A sharp picket- fire was delivered by the enemy, who quickly left his pits and retired to his own rear. General Ayres, with two brigades of his division, coni- ing up at this time was sent to support Crawford. About 3 p. in. i was sent by your orders to the left to communicate with General Gregg on the Vaughan road. I found him on the left of the road, imot far froni the Keys house. Our troops had been forced back by the enemy for a short distance, but had reformned in good order, and at the time I was there were maintaining their ground and fighting bravely. General Gregg told me that he had called on General Griffin for support, and on my return I met Brevet Brigadier-Gemmeral Sickel with the First Bri- gade, First Division, marching down the road to the battle-field, con- ducted by an officer of General Greggs staff. I reported the condition of affairs on the left to Major-General Meade, and immediately after to yourself in the rear of the line of battle, a little past 4 p. in. You left me in the open field just east of the wooded crest overlooking the run, witlm instructions to remain there while you proceeded to the front. Shortly after stragglers began to break to the rear in comisider- able nunmbers. I deployed the provost guard of the corps across the field, and also used the cavalry escort imi the same duty. Perceiving a mass of troops with colors retiring through time wood to the left of the open, I rode toward them to see who they were. I tollmm(l a large por- tion of General Gwyns (Third) brigade, Second Division. I ordered them to halt and form. General Gwyn coming up soon after said hi Page 259 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 259 brigade had brokeii after receiving out a slight fire from the enemy. I requested him to form his brigade and advance to the woods in front and deploy so as to stop the men from falling back. I discovered many men from the Maryland brigade, rallied quite a number of them, and asked General Gwyn to take charge of theni along with his own com- mand. I then sent Captain Meleher with a dispatch to you informing you of this state of affairs (hour, 5.15 p. in.). Gwyns brigade advanced just to the edge of the woods and halted. In the meantime several hundred men from the Second Brigade, First Division, had fallen back in great disorder, their officers having no control of them whatever. With the assistance of several officers. this mass of men was halted and faced to the front. Some straggling shots coming over, these men became frightened and commenced firing into our own troops who were in their immediate front. Very many of the men fired almostperpendic- nlarly into the air. They then broke and ran panic-stricken to the rear. One brigade of General Wheatons division of the Sixth Corps was on the ground at this time but their presence availed nothing toward stopping the flight of the fugitives. The enemy having withdrawmi from our left, Winthrops brigade was ordered up about dusk and went into position on the left of the Second Corps, and remained there during the night. The troops of the First and Second Divisions were placed in the breast-works, and Crawfords division, which had retired in good order from the field, were massed in rear on the line near the Vaughan road. On the morning of the 7th General Crawford was directed to relieve Wimithrops brigade and push out toward the enemys works. This was domie in a heavy storm of rain, which continued nearly all day. The enemy was driven from his advanced line of rifle-pits, and nearly the whole of the battle-field of the preceding day regained, affording an opportuniuy of getting in our wounded from the field and burying our dead. In this movement General Crawford was supported by two brigades of General Wheaton. These troops remained in this position all night, and on the morning of the 8th were withdrawn to the north bank of Hatchers Run. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRED. T. LOCKE, Brevet Colon ci (Ill d Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, March 186t. Maj. Gen. G. K. WARREN: GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following statement of the operations of the Fifth Corps from February 5 to 8, 1865, as seen by I left camp near Fort Stevenson omi the 5th instant at 6 a. ma., directed by your order to proceed to Billups Post-Office, on the Halifax road, with the advance (one regiment of cavalry assigned to the corps), there to take the right-hand moad to Rowanty Creek. We found this road obstructed; this delayed us so long that the infantry column had come up when we arrived at the stream. Upon the south bank of this creek the enemy was posted, in recently constructed works, prepared to con- test the crossing. The cavalry dismounted some men, formed a ski Page 260 260 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. mish line, and attacked at once. Uwyn s brigade, Second Division, formed line of battle and advanced to the bank of the stream, driving the enemy from their works. Trees were felled to facilitate the cross- ing, and as it was found impossible to ford, a temporary bridge was constructed upon felled trees for the cavalry. Upon this they crossed and again went torward, the head of the column in a westerly direction. They reached the Vaughan road in two miles and proceeded down it to Great Cat-tail Creek. here we comniunicated with Greggs cavalry, by I)arties sent toward us for that purpose. As this was the point to be reached, the troops began to take np the positions assigned to them in the following order: The second Division, covering the Quaker road and roads leading north; the First Division went into position near the Hargrave house, covering the Vaughan road and roads leading west; the Third Division, on the right in a field east of the Vaughan house. Communication ~vas opened with the Second Corps, and about 5 oclock heavy firing was heard in that direction. As soon as the proper disposition had been ma(le of the troops you established your headquarters at the crossing of the Vaughan and Quaker roads. About 10 p. in. you sent me with an order to General Gregg. His command was about five miles down the stream at the next crossing. I reached him by a road on the north side of Howanty Creek; he was then ready to march. I came back with an officer of his staff in advance of the cavalry, and reached you at 3 a. m. on the 6th. The troops were then moving on the Vaughan road toward the crossing at Hatchers Itun. By 8 oclock all the infantry were massed near the run, some of them inside of the rifle-pits thrown up to protect the crossing by troops of the Second Corps. The cavalry came up in the rear and went into position, covering the Vaughan road half a mile from the crossing, in a large field near the Keys house. The enemy followed them up, and Winthrops brigade was sent to their support. The Third 1)ivision crossed Hatchers Run and massed on the north side. From the south side a picket-line was throwmi out, connecting on the right with the Second Corps and with cavalry on the left. The enemys pickets were discovered on the edge of timber beyond a small open lot, a few hun- dred paces outside of the works. About 4 oclock you sent an order to General Crawford to advance to Dabneys Mill, and drive the enemy into his works. I went with him to assist in carrying out the order. A line of battle was formed in the open ground before mentioned, and advanced by an old wood road, driving the enemy out of their picket-. pits and pushing them rapidly through the woods and beyond Dabneys Mill. Here the line halted and engaged the enemy until the necessary disposition had been made. The Second Division came up and went into line on the left of the Third. The right of the line of battle rested in a field near the Brouder house, covering the road to Armsti-ongs Mill. About 5 oclock you sent me from this part of the field with an order to General Griffin to send you one brigade to the support of the Second and Third Divisions, to take his best brigade to the large open ground to the support of Winthrops brigade, and to take command at that point. He was on the field when I reached him, and had already sent fbr one brigade. This was about the time of the attack on the Second and Third Divisions. On my return I saw two brigades of the Sixth Corps halted near the rifle-pits, apparently awaiting orders. I ascertained that they were support to the Second and Third Divisions, and put them in motiomi imiuediately~ General Wheaton then came up. Ipointed- eut the roa Page 261 CHAP. LYITI) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 261 to him and joined you at the front. I was then ordered to go back and hurry them up. About this time I saw a number of men giving way and running to the rear, and amid the confusion I found General Wheatou endeavoring to form ~ line of battle where his command had reached, which was 200 yards in rear of where the troops were giving way, but the men became panic-stricken and fled as if by common con- sent firino- into their officers and among one another as they ran. General Gwyns brigade came out of the woods cii masse before the action was over, stating that they were out of ammunition. A part of the Third 1)ivisiou caine back, slowly and in comparative order, and succeeded in checking the enemy in the woods. This gave time to form a line of battle in the field from which the advaitee was made. The enemy did not seem disposed to push farther than to recover the ground lost in the morning. At dark all became qukt, and when the troops who had lost their formations were formed in their respective regiments, they took up their former 1)ositiOli within the breast-works, the Third Division camping for the night on the north side of Hatchers Run. On the morning of the 7th instant you sent me up the run to find a position for a battery to reply to the enemys battery at Dabiieys Mill. I found a good position near Armstrongs Mill, an(l a battery in posi- tion at the Armstrong house belonging to General Smnyths division of the Second Corps. I then crossed the mu at the right of the First Division and went out on the open ground in front of the works to the pickets. From no indications of the enemy I judged they had with- drawn their l)ickets some distance, and reported it to you on my return. About 12 oclock you sent me with an order to General Crawford to take his command across Hatchers Run and up the stream to near Armstrongs Mill; from there pnsh out as far as possible toward Dab- neys Mill, bury his dead of the day before, and see what was going on. The order was carried out promptly. The enemy, contrary to our expectations, were found in their old picket-line and were driven back about one-quarter of a mile; the line of battle was advanced as far as practicable and temporary works were thrown up, the right of the line resting on Hatchers Run above the mill-damn, after which I came back and reported to you. Two brigades of Wheatons division had been sent to support the Third Division. I then returned to General Craw- ford with a written order from you to use all his support and to drive the enemy into his works at Dabneys Mill. I wemit from there to General Smyth (by your order) to ask him to render what assistance he could with his artillery. He immediately opened a battery at the Armstrong house, firing toward Dabneys Mill. General Crawford themi advanced and drove the enemy to their works, recovering mnost of the battle-field of the 6th and burying a impuuiber of the dead. Firing was kept up until late in the night. On the mormuing of the 8th instant all was quiet, and at 8 oclock General Crawfords command was withdrawn by order to the north side of Hatchers Run. I herewith submit map show- ing the country marched through, position of troops, & c. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. B. COPE, Captain and Aide-de- Camp Page 262 rvr.AXE f 0 or HATCHERS RUN AND VICINITY, SIlO WING OPERATIONS OF THE FIFTH CORPS, z From February 5 to 8, 1865. No~e.The aertioii inclosed by ~ line indicated tisso - - was bidden on the original sketch by a piece of tracing linesi pasted over it. The words red, white, bloc and yellow denote the colors of tIne respective psoitions 055 the eri~nal. j r~i z SCALE. 0 a r1 tMILES Page 263 Ca& i-. LVIII.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 263 No. 92. Report of ASurg. T. Rush Spencer, U. S. Army, Medical Director, of oper- ations February 5April 30. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, MEDICAL l)IRECToRS OFFICE, April 30, 1865. COLONEL: * On the 5th of February we were again ordered to move with our fly- ing hospital, leaving the balance of the hospital train, & c., behind. On reaching Rowanty Creek the enemy made a sharp and determined resistance to our crossing. We had some fifteen wounded. These were immediately sent back to our hospital, left at Parkes Station. Effect- ing a crossing, building bridges, & c., consumed some hours. Evening found us at the Quaker road, down which we marched during the iiight (to reach Hatchers Run early in the morning), after a day and a night without rest to officers and men. The cold was the most intense encountered in any movement during the wipter. The men had hardly time to prepare a hasty dish of coffee when they were ordered forward to attack the enemy, with varying fortune. Night left much of the field of battle of the 6th in possession of the enemy. So promptly and so thoroughly had the wounded been removed from the field that whiemi recovered next morning very few were found to have been left unsuccored or in the hands of the enemy. The hospitals of the corps were proniptly established at the Cummings house, a mile to the rear of the run. here every attention was remi- dered, the medical officers never resting until every man was fed, dressed, or operated on, as the case required, and loaded into the ambu- lances. They were at once conveyed to the railroad at Patricks Sta- tion, numbering 502. The battle of the 7th, a brief one, resulted favorably to our arms. Promptly the wounded were again placed in the hands of the uiitiring surgeons; again and again the field and woods were gleaned by the faithful stretcher-bearers, until all were cared for. Another night and morning of unremitting labor, and 184 wounded were on their way to the depot hospital. The corps went into camp in the immediate vicinity, on a high, dry, and rolling surface, with goo(l water and plenty of wood. The benefit of the improved site of our camps was immediately visible in the prompt disappearance of intermittent and kindred diseases. The hospitals were all removed from Parkes Station and each placed in the more immediate vicinity of its own division. They soon vied with each other in increased comforts for their sick and in external ornamentation. Again a period of rest, under favorable sanitary comi- ditions, prepared the troops for that short, sharp, and decisive campaign which was in fact to finish, not only tIme great, but the greatest rebel- lion. During this period of rest all reports were brought up, property unfit for further use, or in excess, turned in, and all deficiencies sup- plied. The ambulance and hospital train was also put in complete order for the spring campaign. After the maximum of supplies had been laid in, an order reducing the transportation left no alternative to the overburdened wagons, in our hurried marches over the worst of roads, but to abandon more or less of the supplies deemed necessary * For portion of this report here omitted, see Vol. XLII, Part I, p. 451 Page 264 264 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. to the emergencies of a campaign. Fortunately the reserve supplies of the medical department came so promptly to supply all deficiencies that never for a day was there any lack. The field hospitals were once more cleared, the flying hospitals sep- arated, the ambulance boxes filled -with their battle supplies, when, on the morning of March 29, we once more took up our line of march. One- half the ambulances and the flying hospitals accompanied the troops, the balance remaining back with the heavy train. Crossing Ilowanty Creek along the stage road to Quaker road, thence passing along the Quaker road, we nearly reached the Boydtoii plank road to find the enemy, about 4 oclock, in position. Immediately a very sharp engage- inent ensued, resulting in driving the enemy back into his works. As rapidly as possible a hospital was established at a house (name never certainly known, but said to be called Spain house) near the Quaker Church on Quaker road. For the first and only time the battle supplies of the ambulaiice boxes caine into requisition. Soon the wounded began to reach the hospitals, operating tables were extem- porized, and regimental supplies of dressings were seized upon, until the restriction against bringing any wagons across Gravelly Run was removed by the success at the front. The engagement was sharp, the wounded numerous; but all were promptly dressed and c~mfortably provided for in the several hospitals. By 7 a. m. the wounded were on their way to the railroad at llumphreys Station, over roads rendered almost impassable by rain amid travel. The following day was occupied in advancing our lines and constructing defenses, slight skirmishing only taking place. On 31st our whole corps again took the advance. The Second and Third Divisions, driven back, being supported by the First Division, soon forced the enemy to retreat with considerable loss. During the night the corps was massed near the Boydton plank road, and its Second Division sent to the support of General Sheridan toward Dinwiddie Court-House. The other divisions, marching by another road converg- ing, brought all the divisions into the engagement of the Five Forks, where, in conjunction with General Sheridans cavalry, under whose orders we had been placed, a most deoisive battle was won, resulting in the capture of many gnus and several thousand prisoners. Our wounded, though considerable, by no means equaled iii number the loss in the fight of the Quaker road. A hospital was !promptly established at the Methodist Church on the White Oak road. From here some patients were sent to Humphreys Station, so me to Quaker Church hospital. Both hospitals were promptly up. All that were not disposed of when the pursuit of Lee began on the 2d, were brought forward to Sutherlands Station, on the South Side Railroad. Here they were left in- fourteen hospital tents, with a surgeon and all necessary supplies, the balance of the hospital train, and the ambulances hastening after the troops. Owing to the rapidity of the march, the condition of the roads and the cutting of the trains by troops, much anxiety was felt lest the delays should be detrimental; but on the pith, at Jetersville, our trains all reached us and remained with us. By marches, varying from twenty to thirty miles between the 2d and 9th, we reached the vicinity of Appomattox Court-House to find the enemy driving General Sheridans cavalry, with the intention, as we afterward learned, of breaking through and c ~ntinuing their retreat. Right promptly General Sheridan put our Second Division into line on our extreme left, nearest the Twenty.fourth Corps, while in person h Page 265 Cuxp. IN~4 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 26~ superintended the advance of the First Division and the artillery. As the skirmishers advanced they rapidly encountered those of the enemy, but were promptly followed by the line of battle. As they rose the crest of the hill overlooking Appomattox Court-House, the already demoralized rebel army and their despairing general gave up all hope and fell back into the valley, his last ditch, and speedily sued for terms of surrender. By 3 oclock the troops were in camp, and we had gained a bloodless victory. The great joy of the men seemed to save them from the ill effects naturally to be expected from such unprecedented marching. From the 9th to the 15th we remained at Appomattox Court-House, receiving the surrendered property of the rebels, viz, 157 pieces of artil- lery, 71 battle-flags, 17,000 stand of arms, and 26,115 prisoners. On the 15th we started for Nottoway Court-House, which we reached on the 20th, relieving the Ninth Army Corps in the duty of guarding the - railroad from Burkeville to Sutherlands Station. For the remainder of the month the corps continued at this point; the usual amount of sickness, presenting no peculiar feature, attended our stay. Inilosed herewith please fiuid reports of surgeons-in-chief of divisions and artillery brigade, as well as of the medical inspector of the corps. To these, in addition to the daily, weekly, and monthly reports, I beg leave to refer for the detail of operations. I cannot close this report without expressing in warm terms my appreciation of the great fidelity and ability with which those several officers have performed their respective duties. In addition to these should be mentioned with especial commendation the surgeons in charge of the several division hospitals, viz, Joseph Thomas, surgeon One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in charge of First Division hospital; H. C. Dean, One hundred and fortieth New York, in charge of Second Division hospital; H. Strauss, One hun- dred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in charge of Third Division hospital. With rare exceptions the medical service has been well and faith- fully performed. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. RUSH SPENCER, Surg., U. S. Vois., Lieut. Col. and Med. Director, Fifth Army Corp8. Bvt. Lient. Col. THOMAS A. MOPARLIN, Surg. U. S. Army, Col. and Med. Director, Army of the Potomac. No. 93. Report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Horatio 0. Sickel, One hundred and ninety- eighth Pennsylrania Inf~zntry, commanding First Brigade, First Divi8- ion, of operations February 57. HDQRS. FIRsT BRIG., FIRST DIv., FIFTH ARMY CORPS, In the Field, near Hatchers Run and Vaughan Road, Va., February 13, 1865. CAPTAIN: In accordance with circular from division headquarters of the 11th instant I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the First Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps, in the oper- ations of the army on the 5th, 6th, and 7th of the present month: Pursuant to orders we broke camp at 6.30 a. m. on the 5th instant and marched west to the Weldon railroad, then south on the Halifax road about three miles, then southwest to a point on Hatchers Run Page 266 266 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. rcHAv. LVIII. when the column crossed and was halted for a few minutes iu an old earth-work just previously abandoned by the enemy. We were again put in march, heading northwest, on a road leading toward IDiuwiddie Court-House, halting at 4 p. m. on the plantation belonging to Oliver Chappell, where we remained until 11 p. in., when we returned by the same road to its junction with the Yaughaii road, theii marched north on the Vaughan road to the south bank of Hatchers Run. Upon arriving at this point we were directed by Major-General Griffin to occupy the earth-works covering the crossing of that stream, in which position we remained until about 3 p. m. of the 6th instant, when I was ordered by Major-General Griffin to report with the First Brigade to General Gregg, commanding cavalry division, on the left of our lines, about five-eighths of a mile south on the Vaugliami road. Upon reach- Thg the field occupied by the cavalry and reporting to General Gregg, I found General Winthrops brigade, of the Second I)ivision, Fifth Corps, fiercely engaging the enemy upon the open ground on the west side of the Vaughan road. I was directed by General Gregg to support Gen- eral Winthrop, whose line at the time was being pressed by a vigorous assault of superior numbers of the enemy. I immediately formed my brigade in line of battle, facing west, and marched forward in that order. On reaching General Winthrops line his troops retired. As I am informed his men had exhausted their ammunition. I at once ordered a charge upon the enemys line, whose numbers, I believe, were equal, if not superior, to those of my own. This was executed in a most gallant style and with great steadiness, both officers and men conducting themselves in a manner which would have done credit to th& best vet- eran troops. The enemy broke at the first volley from our men and left the field in great disorder, leaving their killed and wounded in our hands, together with several prisoners. After pursuing them for some distance my line was halted, in consequence of the troops having exhausted their ammunition. This fact was communicated to 1~Iajor- General Griffin, then present, who directed me to hold the ground we then occupied and to throw forward a strong skirmish line, which was promptly done. In the meantime Major Ashbrook (ordnance officer) issued to the regiments a supply of ammunition. It was now about 5.30 p. m. Rapid firing had commenced on my right and to the rear, when, by direction of General Griffin, my line was changed to face northwest. A brigade of dismounted cavalry, com- manded by Colonel Knowles (Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry), formed on my left, facing west, and some of General Winthrops troops formed on my right, the right of his line resting on the Vaughan road. At dark General Winthrop received orders to withdraw his brigade from the position it was then holding and to form his line on the Vaughan road, when the command on the left devolved upon me, General Gregg having previously turned over the command to General Winthrop. At this juncture the cavalry also withdrew from the field, excel)t one small company on our extreme left, picketing the Vaughan road, which remained on duty all night. Finding my troops the only occupants of the field, I at once proceeded to establish my picket-line, connecting on the right with General Ayres pickets at a point on the Vaughan road, and on the left with General Greggs cavalry. I then took up a new and more eligible line for defensive operations and remained under arms all night. Our casualties during the engagement were compara- tively small, consisting of 1 officer and 3 enlisted men killed, 3 officers and 24 enlisted men wounded, and 1 officer and 4 enlisted men missing. The enemys loss was much greater Page 267 Cui~. LVIII.l TIlE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 267 On the morning of the 7th the enemys cavalry appeared on our left in considerable force, followed by a skirmish-line of infantry, which for a time seemed to threaten an attack. Sharp firing was kept up between the two lines of skirmishers for three-fourths of an hour, in which two of my men were severely wounded. I reported these facts immediately to Major-General Griffin, and, by his direction, to General Gregg, who immediately sent to the left a regiment of cavalry, and a battery of artillery was also sent to our support. About 7 a. m. a heavy rain and hail storm set in, when the enemy withdrew to cover of the woods. At 11 a. m. my brigade was relieved by General Greggs cavalry, and by orders from General Griffin we returned and reoccupied the works we had left on the previous day. Among the officers who particularly distinguished themselves in the engagement I am happy to present the names of Col. Edwin S. Jenney, of the One hundred and eighty-fifth Regiment New York Volunteers, and Maj. Edwin A. Glenn, of the One hundred and ninety-eighth Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, both of whom displayed great coolness on the field and ability in the management of their troops. Indeed, the conduct of all the field officers was unexceptionably good, as also of the hue. My staff, consisting of Capt. Francis B. Jones, brigade in spector, Lieut. Thomas Mitchell, acting assistant adjutauit-general, Lieut. Theodore K. Vogel, aide-de-camp, and Lieut. Amos N. Seitzinger, acting pioneer officer, were all present on the field and rendered good service; particularly Captain Jones, who displayed upon this, as upon former occasions, a zeal, ability, and gallantry worthy of imitation, and I respectfully submit his case to the commanding general as especially deserving notice. Among those missing I regret the loss of that gal- lant and efficient officer, Maj. Robert P. Bush, of the One hundred and eighty-fifth New York Volunteers. He was lost on the evening of the 6th instant, while establishing the pickets a short distance west of the Vaughan road. I am, captain, with great respect, your obedient servant, H. G. SICKEL, Brevet Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. G. M. LAUGHLIN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, First Division. No. 94. Report of Brig. Gen. Joshua .L. Chamberlain, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations March 25. HDQRS. FIRST BRiGADE, FIRST DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, Near Hatchers Run, Va., March 28, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with orders this day received, I have the honor to submit a report of the operations of this command on the 25th instant. The First Brigade moved out at about 8 oclock a. in. (following the Third Brigade) in the direction of Third Division headquarters. Re- maining massed in that vicinity for a few hours, we themi moved to our left, passed the line of works occupied by the Second Division, Second Corps, auid massed near a house, known as Mrs. Warrens. Soon after, we nuoved to the right and massed in rear of General Miles division of the Second Corps. At about 3 p. mu. I was ordered to return to the Warren house and report to Major-General Mott. Arriving there I received the order from Major.General Humphreys to move directly t Page 268 268 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [Oni~. LVIII. the front. I moved by the right hank along a narrow road through the slashing, and on reaching the thin belt of woods in front of which General Motts line was formed and in a position to overlook this line, I was directed by General Humphreys to halt. In this position I re- mained for about two hours, during which there was some skirmishing along the line, with some artillery firing from the right and left and from a battery directly in our front. I could distinctly see the men working at one of their guns. At about dusk there was very heavy firing to the right of our position, and in the midst of this an advance was made by the enemy in our front with great vigor and boldness, though not in heavy force. Our skirmishers were driven back in confusion, and the enemy were close upon the main line and advancing with spirit. As I feared they might follow up their attack with sufficient force to break through the main line, I immediately ordered Brevet Brigadier-General Sickel to form forward into line at a double-quick with his two battalions of the One hundred and ninety-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and to occupy the edge of woods close in rear of General Motts line, and in full sight of the enemy, which was promptly done. At the same time General Humphreys requested me to strengthen General Motts right, which was then very hard pressed. I directed Colonel Sniper, commanding the One hundred and eighty-fifth New York Volunteers, to move up rapidly to the front line and occupy the space between General Motts and General Miles divisions, which he did, his center being nearly in front of the Watkins house. Simultaneously with these movements of General Sickel and Col- onel Sniper, the troopa of General Mott opened a vigorous fire on the enemys advancing line, followed by a gallant charge, in which the rebels were handsomely repulsed, with considerable loss on their part in killed, wounded, and prisoners. My regiments remained in the position last indicated until 9 p. in., when I was ordered to withdraw and to report to Major-General Griffin in camp. The casualties in my command were as follows: Wounded. 2 privates One hundred and ninety-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. The captures from the enemy, 1 lieutenant-colonel, 1 sergeant, 8 privates. These were turned over to the provost-marshal of General Motts division. The lieutenant-colonel (who was wounded) stated that he was in com- mand of the portion of the attacking party in Colonel Snipers front, and that it consisted of the Forty-third, Fifty-ninth, and Sixtieth Ala- bama Regiments. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. L. CHAMBERLAIN, Brigadier- General. Capt. WILLIAM FOWLER, A8sistant Adjutant- General, First Dir., Fifth Army Corps. No. 95. Report of Col. Allen 19. Burr, One hundred and eighty-ninth New York Infantry, commanding & eond Brigade, of operations February 57. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, February 13, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with circular from headquarters Army of the Potomac, February 11, 1865, I have the honor to transmit the fo Page 269 THE HICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 269 lowing report of operations of this brigade during the late engage- ments on the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: Sunday, February 5, 1865, broke camp near Parkes Station and marched to the left., reaching Hatchers Run about 11 a. in.; drawn in line of battle, and finally crossed the run and halted in the vicinity of iDinwiddie Court-House, about six miles from Hatchers Run. Bri- gade placed in line of battle, its right resting on General Ayres left, and our left resting on the i-ight of the First Brigade. Our pickets were about half a mile in advance. We were ordered back at 10.30 p. in., and marched until striking the Vaughan road, which we followed to the earth-works of the Second Corps, near Kettle [Cat-taiH] Creek. On the 6th instant we occupied these works, relieving the Second Corps. The Third Division becoming engaged in the afternoon, we were ordered to follow the First Brigade to the scene of action and support of cavalry who were charging the enemy. This order was countermanded, and an order given to follow a brigade of the Sixth Corps to the scene of action on the left of Hatchers Run. We formed in line of battle in open field opposite enemys breast-works, where a vigorous fire was going on. A portion of the Sixth Corps and Craw- fords division of the Fifth Corps were forced back and we were ordered to hold them in check until they were rallied. This was done until our brigade was ordered to close up an interval on the left flank, and in facing to the left to obey that order, the disordered mass broke through and succeeded in breaking our ranks. We again rallied the brigade and forwarded to the front, driving the enemy and doing good execu- tion in the premises. From this position we were finally ordered back to the Vaughan road by an order from General Meade. The brigade was formed anew in works and remained there over night. Tuesday, the 7th instant, it rained. About 10 a. m. brigade was ordered to the field occupied the previous day to relieve General Win- throps and to do picket duty. We so relieved him, forming the brigade in line of battle, and constructed earth-works. The right of our picket- lines joined General Ayres and the left rested on the Vaughan road. There was a good deal of musketry in front of our lines and the woods we occupied were shelled by the enemy during the day. We were undisturbed during the day, and remained in same position the three following days. Very respectfully, A. L. BURR, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. WILLIAM FOWLER, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, First Division. riudorsement.] HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, February 18, 1865. Respectfully returned. The major-general commanding believes from his own observation that to this brigade is due the report of the First Division, Sixth CorPS, firing into the Fifth Corps. He saw them fire into, or more properly over, General Ayres division that was reforming, and also into the bri. gade of the Sixth Corps in their front, but fortunately at so great an elevation as to be nearly harmless. The men fell ont of line rapidly and joined the fugitives from other brigades that they were formed to stop and give cover to whil& reforming. The newness of the organi~a Page 270 270 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. tion is the best excuse that can be given for such conduct and demands the most earnest efforts of its officers to discipline the men and make them more steady in the excitement of battle. By command of Major-General Warren: FRED. T. LOCKE, Brevet Colonel and Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 96. Report ~ Bvt. Brig. Gen. Edgar M. Gregory, Ninety-first Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25. HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, March 28, 1865. CAPTAIN: According to instructions received from headquarters, on the morning of the 25th I moved my brigade to the defenses at Hatch- ers Run and occupied the same, my lines extending from the extreme left of the works to the Second Corps; we so occupied the works until 8 p. in., when one brigade of the Second Corps being removed, we extended our lines so as to fill up the interval. Nothing of import- ance transpired, and the enemy did not make their appearance. We occupied the defenses until about 11 a. in. of the 26th instant, when we moved back to our camp, according to instructions from headquarters. Very respectfully, E. M. GREGORY, Brevet Brigadier- General. Capt. WILLIAM FOWLER, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, First Brigade. No. 97. Report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Alfred L. Pearson, One hundred and fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Infantry, corn man ding Third Brigade, of operations Feb mary 57. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, February 13, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the move- ments and operations of this command during the 5th, 6th, and 7th days of February, 1865: In obedience to orders I moved from camp near Petersburg, Va., ow Sunday, February 5, at 6.30 a. in., passing along the line of the Weld on Railroad in the direction of Reams Station. Left the railroad before reaching that point and moved in the direction of Dinwiddie Court- House, crossing Rowanty Creek at 2 p. in., and halted about three miles from the Court-House. Placed the command in line and bivouacked. Threw out a strong picket force connecting with the Second Brigade, First Division, on my right and Third Division on the left. At 11.30 p. in. received orders to withdraw the picket-llne and to move back, covering the First and Second Brigades of First Division. Marched until daylight, when we halted near Hatchers Run and rested until 10 a. m. (6th), when, by orders received from Brevet Major Page 271 Cw. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 271 General Griffin, commanding First Division, moved to a line of partially constructed works (thrown up by the enemy) occupied by a brigade of the Second Corns. Relieved said brigade and placed my command in line of battle, right resting at Armstrongs Mill on Hatchers Run and extending along the hue of works to within fifty yards ~i the Vaughan road. Threw out a strong picket-line in my front and built a good line of works. Remained in that position until 4.15 p. in., when I received the following order: FEBRUARY 5 [6], 18654 p. m. Brevet Major-General GRIFFIN: I want to take your right brigade from the line further to the right. I wish you would have the commanding officer of that brigade place himself there on the right to receive a call from me. G. K. WARREN, Major- General, Commanding. In pursuance of said order and by direction o~ a staff officer from Major-General Warren, I moved my brigade (through the line of works) by the flank through a strip of woods. The enemy at this time opened on us with a battery of 3-inch guns oiu my right, killing and wouuding a few of my men. Was met by Major-General Warren who ordered me to place my command in line of battle, which I immediately did, my right resting in rear of center of one of the brigades of ThirdDivision and extending along to rear of a brigade of Second Division and in follow- ing order: Thirty-second Massachusetts (Colonel Edmands); One hun- dred and fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers (Capt. J. T. Bell); Sixteenth Michigan (Brevet Colonel Partridge); One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers (Brevet Colonel Herring); Twen- tieth Maine (Lieutenant-Colonel Gilnuore); Eighty-third Pennsylvania Volanteers (Lieutenant-Colonel Rogers); Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers (Captain Donnell), and First Michigan (Lieutenant-Colonel Lockley). Had no sooner formed than I received orders from Major- General Warren (in person) to double-quick a portion of brigade to the front and report to Brevet Major-General Ayres, whose troops were then hotly engaged with the enemy. Took the One hundred and fifty- fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers and Thirty-second Massachusetts Volun- teers, and donble-quicked them by the left flank to the front and quickly placed them on the left of a brigade of Second Division near Dabneys Mill, where they immediately became fiercely engaged with the enemy. By order of General Ayres I brought up another regiment (Sixteenth Michigan) and placed it on the right of the brigade of the Second Division spoken of above, with orders to the commanding officer (Colonel Partridge) to hold the position as long as possible. The brigade on my right having broken, I proceeded to bring up the rest of the brigade, but was met by a flank fire, which caused the troops to falter and finally to fall back. At the same tinme the Thirty-second Massa- chusetts and One hundred and fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers were forced to fall back in consequence of a body of the enemys troops attacking them on their left and also from a severe fire from their rear, which, in my opinion, came from troops of the Third Division of Fifth Corps and a mass of troops (seemingly without officers) of the Sixth Corps, who had become partially demoralized. After munch hard labor and exertion the brigade was again nearly reformed, when a volley from our rear (killing and wounding many, among whom was Captain Smith of the Eighty-third Pennsylvania, killed) caused my command to break. Fell back a short distance, and again reformed and advanced in goo Page 272 272 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVUI~ order to the edge of the woods and again became engaged. The enemy having retired I placed the brigade in a new and more favorable posi- tion, forming on the ri~ht of a brigade of Sixth Corps which was being reorganized, and threw out the First Michigan Volunteers and One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers as skirmishers. Remained in that position until relieved by Brevet Brigadier-General Winthrops brigade of Second Division, when (by order received from General Warren) I moved back to and occupied my old position near Hatchers Rnn. Remained there all night and during the day of the 7th. I cannot speak too highly of the conduct and gallant bearing of the following-named officers, who did all officers could to insure snecess, J. CushingEdmands,Lient.CoLJ. A.Cnnningham,Maj.E. Volunteers; Bvt. Col. Charles P. Herring, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers (wounded); Bvt. Col. B. F. Par- tridge, Sixteenth Michigan Veteran Volunteers; Adjutant Laird, Six- teenth Michigan Veteran Volunteers; Capt. John T. Bell, commanding One hundred and fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Capt. George P. McClelland, One hundred and fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers; and also the following-named officers acting on my staff: Capt. E. S. Farnsworth, Thirty-second Massachusetts Volunteers, acting assist- ant adjutant-general; Capt. George F. Morgan, One hundred and fifty- fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, acting brigade inspector; Lient. George W. Williams, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, acting aide-de-camnp; Lieut. William Griffin, Twentieth Maine Volun- teers, acting aide-dc-camp. I would also make especial mention of Pri- vate John Gottlieb Heydlauff, Company B, Sixteenth Michigan Volun- teers, who acted as color-bearer and bugler of my brigade, and who placed himself on the front line, and by constantly sounding the bri. gade call did much to help reorganize the troops of the brigade. I would earnestly recommend that a gold medal be granted him for meri- torious conduct. Following is a numerical list of casualties during engagements: Offi- cerskilled, 3; wounded, 7; missing, 1; total, 11. Enlisted men killed, 15; wounded, 122; missing, 30; total, 167. Aggregate, 178. Respectfully submitted. A. L. PEARSON, Brevet Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers Commanding. Capt. GEORGE M. LAUGHLiN, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. (First indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS FiFTH ARMY CORPS, February 18, 1865. Respectfully returned. The major-general commanding witnessed the action of this brigade until the brigade of the Sixth Corps came up, and the latter did not fire into Pearsons brigade. The fire complained of came from Colonel Burrs brigade, but did not amount to much in effect. This part of the within report ought to be corrected. The firing from the rear i~ mainly attributable to the mass of fugitives rushing from the fromit upon the lines formed to stop them. Their fire did not occasion their lines to break in the first instance. By command of Major-General Warren: FRED. T. LOCKE, - Brevet Colonel u~wd Aesi8tant Adjutant.YJrmwrol- Page 273 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 273 [Second iudor8exnent.] IIDQRS. THIRD BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, February 22, 1865. Respectfully reforwarded. I am compelled, after mature consideration, to return my report unaltered. I did not see Colonel Burrs brigade until after I had fallen back to the open field. The first shots that were fired from the rear into my troops came from the Third Division and when my men were engaged and in good order at the old mill. Colonel Burrs brigade then could not have been within 800 yards of me. After I had fallen back and was trying to reform, I rode up to a person, whom I supposed to be an officer, wearing a Sixth Corps badge, and asked him to stop his men and make them cease firing, as my own men were in front. He replied: By God, you do not command this regiment. Colonel (I have forgotten the name) commands here. I am willing to withdraw my entire report. A. L. PEARSON, Breret Brigadier-General, Commanding. No. 98. Report of Capt. George R. Abbott, First Battalion Maine Shaipshooters, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS FIRST MAINE SHARPSHOOTERS, March 28, 1865. SIR: In compliance with instructions from brigade headquarters I respectfully submit the following report of the proceedings of this com- mand on the 25th instant: Left camp about 7 a. m. the 25th instant, in light marching order, proceeded to brigade headquarters, and there joined brigade; marched thence to near corps headquarters; remained until noon. Then took up line of march to the position of the Second Corps, occupying the breast-works vacated by them. About 6p.m. moved to front; formed line of battle (constituting the third in number) in support of part of First Division. Returned to camp about 10 p. m. Was not engaged with enemy, consequently no casualties. Respectfully submitted. (lEO. R. ABBOTT, Captain, Commanding First Maine Sharpshooters. Capt. E. S. FARNSWORTH, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 99. Report of Lieut. Col. Walter G. Morrill, Twentieth Maine Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS TWENTIETH MAINE VOLUNTEERS, March 28, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that this regiment left camp about 7 oclock Saturday a. in., March 25, 1865, and proceeded toward the right of the army, remaining there until noon. From thence pro- 18 H HVOL XLVI, PT Page 274 274 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. ceeded toward tim left near Hatchers Run, actiiig as support to the Second Corps in their advance. Remained U~Ofl the field in their sup. port during the engagement, then proceeded to camp, which was reached about 11 p. m. Lost one man, slightly wounded. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WALTER U. MORRILL, Lieutenant. Colonel, Corn manding Tuentieth Maine TTolunteers. Capt. E. S. FARNSWORTH, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Third Brigade. No. 100. Report of Lient. Col. James A. Cunningham, Thirty-second Massachusetts Infantry, (:t operations March 25. IIDQRS. THIRTY-SECOND MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, March 28, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with circular from Third Brigade head- quarters relating to the operations of this command on the 25th instant, I have the honor to make the following report: In obedience to orders received, the command was put under arms at 7 a. m. and repaired to brigade headquarters; then marched, in company with brigade, about one mile down the railroad; remained there three hours, and returned; Marched to the front to support the Second Corps, but was not actively engaged, and no casualties occurred in the com- mand, which was in the second line of battle. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. A. CUNNINGHAM, Lieutenant Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Capt. EZRA S. FARNSWORTH, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 101. Report of Maj. William 0. Colt, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Sixteenth Michigan Infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS SIXTEENTH MICHU~AN INFANTRY, March 28, 186g. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report, in compliance with instructions from brigade headquarters of this date, that the Sixteenth Michigan Infantry Veteran Volunteers, of which I w~s in command upon the 25th instant, left camp that morning immediately upou the bugle sounding the assembly at brigade headquarters, and was the second regiment to reach the appointed place of assembly, and remained with the brigade until about 5 p. nm., when the regiment was ordered to advance upon the left of the One hundred and fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers and relieve a portion of the Second Corps. Upon arriving at the position directed to a sharp musketry fire was encountered from the front and right, which was replied to for about ten minutes, whemi the firin Page 275 CHAP. LYJIl.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 275 ceased on that portion of the line. Casualties were very slightone man killed, Private Davis, Company D, and Lieutenant Nellis, Com- pany I, slightly wounded. The regiment remained in this position until about 10 p. in., when orders were received to return to camp. Throughout the entire (lay the officers and men behaved well. I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient ser- vant, WM. 0. COLT, Major, Commanding Regiment. Capt. E. S. FARNSWORTH, Acting Assistant Adjutant- (lencial, Third 13rigade. No. 102. Report qt Lient. (Jot. Chauncey P. Rogers, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, (~/ operations March 25. IIDQRS. EIGHTY-THIRD PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, March 28, 1865. CAPTAiN: I have the lioiior to report that, in obedience to orders received, I moved with iiiy coinniand on the morning of the 25th instant to the field in front of Third Brigade headquarters, and there awaited orders. At 9 a. m. I received orders to follow the One hundred and eighteenth Regimei it Pennsylvania Volunteers, which I did in all its peregrinations. About 6 p. in., from near the Smith house, moved out with other regiments of the brigade to, as 1 understood, support Gen- eral Miles division of the Second Corps. After arriving in rear of General Miles line I was requested by Colonel , commanding a brigade of the Second Corps, to support him, which I did in a desperate assault on the dense woods in our front. My regiment was not at any time during the day engaged with the enemy. Two enlisted men, severely wounded by random shots, was the only loss I sustained. Shortly before midnight, with other regiments of the brigade, I returned to my old camp. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. P. ROGERS, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. E. S. FARNSWORTH, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. S No. 103. Report of Lient. Cot. Eli G. Setters, Ninety-first Pennsytrania Infantry, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. NINETY-FIRST PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN VoLs., March 28, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the follbwing operations of my command on the 25th instant: Moved from camp about 6.30 a. in.; halted at brigade headquarters and awaited orders. Marched to the right along the railroad about two miles and halted. About 12 in. moved to the support of the Second Corps Page 276 276 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. lay in reserve outside of breast-works; moved into breast-works about 3 p. m. About S p. m. moved out in front of breast-works and formed on the right of second line of battle, in rear of One hundred and fifty. fifth Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, while the Second Corps was engaged. About 9 p. m. returned to camp. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ELI G. SELLERS, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. E. S. FARNSWORTH, Acting Assistant Adjutant. General. No. 104. Reports of Brt. Licut. Col. Henry ONeill, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 57 and March 25. HDQRS. 118TH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with instructions contained in circular from headquarters Third Brigade, dated February 11, 1865, I have the honor to make the following report of the operations of this command, together with the casualties of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: On the 5th left camp near Petersburg at 6.30 a. in.; marched to and crossed a small stream near the rebel Dr. Perkins farm; continued the march until 5.30 p. m. and bivouacked. At 11.30 p. in. commenced falling back toward Hatchers Run, and, crossing Pebble Run, halted on the bank of Hatchers Run at 3 a. m. on the morning of the 6th. At 9 a. m. moved into position and formed a line, the right resting on Hatchers Run; pickets were then sent forward and the remainder of the command employed in throwing up breast-works. Remained in this position until 4 p. m. when we advanced to meet the enemy and soon became sharply engaged. Reached a hastily constructed line of works belonging to the enemy and held them a short time. The troops on our right falling back soon caused the entire line to waver and retreat. A portion of the regiment was rallied and advanced as skirmishers, and remained in that position until 7.30 p. in., when they were relieved. Remained on the night of the 6th and the whole of the 7th in the works near Hatchers Run, performing picket and fatigue duty. Casualties on the 6th instant.# Very respectfully, your obedient servan~ H. ONEILL, Brevet Lieutenant- Coonel, Commanding. Capt. GEORGE F. MORGAN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. HDQRS. 118TH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANiA VOLUNTEERS, March 28, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with instructions contained in circular of present date, I have the honor to report that at 7 a. m. 26th [25th] instant * Nominal list, omitted, shows 1 officer killed and 2 officers and 4 enlisted men wounded Page 277 Cu~. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 277 the command was placed under arms and moved ont at once. Marched to near headquarters Fifth Army Corps; there halted until about 11 a. m. Then marched to front of works of Second Corps; moved from point to point until about 6 p. in., when this command advanced with a part of the brigade and relieved a portion of the Second Corps line of bat- tle, then engaged. Commenced firing as soon as the command was halted and continued it at intervals until dark. Remained in line undis- turbed until about 10 p. in. Were then withdrawn from the front and marched to cawp, arriving there at 12 p. m. This command experienced no losses in the operations of the day. Very respecttully, your obedient servant, II. ONEILL, Bvt. Lieut. (vol., Comdg. 118th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. E. S. FARNSWORTH, Acting Assistant A ~jntant- General. No. 105. Reports of Bvt. Maj. (Jen. Roineyn B. Ayres, U. ~. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations February 57. HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION, FIFTH ARMY CORPS, February 14, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to report that this division marched frown camp on Sunday morning, 5th instant. Resistance was offered by a detachment of rebels (who had destroyed the bridge) at the cross- big of the Rowanty (Hatchers Run). The place was quickly carried by the Third Brigade, and a portion of the defenders captured. The division procee(led and took up a position on the Quaker road. Marched that night on the Vaughan road to the crossing of Hatchers Run. The First Brigade was sent out next morning along the road to support the cavalry. Later I received an order to support the Third Divisiou iii a reconnaissance to IDabneys Mill. I sent an order to withdraw the First Brigade in time for it to take its place in the column, but the enemy having advanced along the Vaughan road, that brigade became briskly engaged to my left and could not be withdrawn. Having received notice from General Crawford that his left was hard pressed, I was pn~hing forward rapidly with two brigades, marching in two hues by a flank in the thick underbrush ascending a ridge, when a quantity of our cavalry, riding rapidly, came on to my ranks suddenly. A portion of my troops were swept away, but I pushed rapidly on with what I had, soon engaged the enemy, and quickly retook the mill site, which I held, re-enforced by three regiments of the First Division, till the troops on my right were pressed back by overwhelming uumbers. My troops then fell back to the open ground and were subsequently withdrawn to the position held previous. I refer you to the reports of the brigade commanders for further particulars of their operations. Those officersBrevet Brigadier-General Winthrop, Brevet Brigadier- General Gwyn, and Colonel Bowerman, Eighth [Fourth] Maryland Volunteersseconded me with zeal and energy. General Winthrop handsomely repulsed the enemys attack on the Vaughan road. I must bear testimony in this connection to the zeal, intelligence, and good conduct of my staffBvt. Col. C. E. LaMotte, Fourth Delaware Vol- unteers, acting assistant inspector-general; Bvt. Maj. W. W. Swan, Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, acting assistant adjutant-general; Firs Page 278 278 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAr. LVIII. Lieut. IR. P. Warren, One hundred and forty-sixth New York Volun. teers, aide-de-camp; First Lient. John J. Diehi, Fifteenth New York Heavy Artillery, aide-de-camp. The courage and fidelity of my mounted messengers under trying. circumstances entitles them to be named in this report. They are: Henry Bonnet, Company D, Fifteenth New York Heavy Artillery, standard-bearer and acting corporal; John T. Thomson, Company J, Eighth Maryland Volunteers; William H. Yingling, Company I, Eighth Maryland Volunteers; John T. Bratt, Company 11, Eighth Marylaiid Volunteers; Munroe Fowler, Company H, Eighth Maryland Volunteers; John T. Mackison, Company H, Eighth Maryland Vol- unteers, severely wounded. Tabular and nominal lists of casualties will be forwarded as soon as coin pleted. Brevet Brigadier-General Pearson, commanding the re-enforceinents from the First Division, bore himself with gallantry. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Th B. AYRES, Bvt. Maj. Gen., Corn dg. Second Dirision, Fifth Army Corps. Bvt. Col. FRED. T. LOCKE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Fifth Army Corps, Army of the Potomac. [Jndorseinent.] HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, February 18, 1865. Respectfully returned to Brevet Major-General Ayres. General Warren requests to know particularly whether the retiring of the division from Dabneys Mill to the breast-works was due to orders received or to the misconduct of the troops on the right of it, or to the misconduct of the troops of the division itself; or to an irresistible force of the enemy. The general commanding does not think there were sufficient reasons for good troops to give way. The losses are not sufficient to justify a retreat. It was his positive orders to remain and fight it out, amid he wishes his troops to understand that he will not shield them in his reports. if they wont fight the country must know it. General Warren knows that General Ayres used his best efforts to make them hold their ground and, for his honor as well as that of the commander of the corps, wishes to have it plainly stated that it was the troops an(l not the generals who would not fight. By command of Major-General Warren: FRED. T. LOCKE, Brevet Colonel and Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, March 17, 1865. COLONEL: in accordance with the indorsement oui my report of the fight near Hatchers Run on the 6th instant [ultimno , I enter more into (letail concerning the fight. A portion of my command was on picket at the old camp when the cavalry ran through the troops (see report). I was pushing rapidly forward to support the left of the Third Division, so instead of halting till I could get together all my troops, I moved on with what I had. The re-enforcement sent me I ordered formed, one regiment to the right of the mill site, two on the left of my troops. I then ordered my me Page 279 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 279. to roll up some logs near by for a cover, and was directing this when the two regiments just alluded to suddenly moved, without orders, some 300 yards forward, forming a line somewhat at an angle with the main line, having the mill site, say, at the apex. To the right and front of the site was a thick grove of small pines, covering the left of the Third Division. General Pearson, commanding the re-enforceinents, says (and for the above reasons, their being masked by the pines, it may well be so) that the Third Division fire struck his troops. Those two regiments then broke. About this time a retrograde movement com- menced along the whole line, I presume without and against all orders and authority, though I have recently seen an editorial in a Philadel- phia paper which, speaking as though by authority, says that the Third Division came back by command. Between Dabneys Mill and the open ground in front of our breast-works are several ridges, with marshy ground in the valleys between. I seized upon the occasion of arriving on these ridges to use every effort, assisted by my staff and messengers, to halt the troops and form lines, well satisfied from the favorable nature of the ground that, could this be done, the enemy could be repulsed. I succeeded in one case in halting quite a force, but the main mass to my right sweeping along, the contagion spread to those who had halted arid they could not be held. On arriving at the open, whilst halting and forming the troops, a line of the troops was brought up in rear, when, some little agitation occurring in the edge of the woods and a few persons riding out at a gallop, this line behind mine lost presence of mind and fired into mine. I think my men were justified in not remaining there; numbers of them were struck. When I pushed forward at first to support the left of the. Third Division, I supposed General Gwyn, the most of whose brigade was disorganized by the cavalry, would rejoin as soon as he got his men together. He seems not to have found the direction, and to have gone forward in the woods quite to my left. This accounts for his finding himself without anyone on his right or left. This command (General Gwyns) had a fight iu the woods, doubtless with the troops of the enemy which attacked ours on the Vaughan road as they were endeav- oring to pass around us to join the enemy near Dabneys Mill. The troops with me struck them and pushed them at the double-quick. In fact, my division fought on ami extended front amid held the ground covered by it, beginning with my first brigade on the Vaughan road and running around to Dabneys Mill. At one timne (when I sent for re-enforcements) there was a strong effort made by the enemy to push through to the (our) left of the mill site. That effort was foiled with the assistance of those re-enforcements. It will be seemi that I arrived at the mill site with quite a small force, mostly Maryland troops. When the line gave way there was no panic iu these troops; they had not fired for some time, and I am persuaded to believe were out of ammu- nition. Whether the troops on my right (the question is asked in the indorsement) were justified in falling back, I ani not prepared to say, though I had received the impression that they were overbormie by supe- rior numbers. I gave my attention to my own command. It dmd not, alA certainly would not have been justified in falling back alone. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. B. AYRES, Brevet Major- General, commanding Division. Bvt. Col. FRED. T. LOCKE, Assistant Adjutant- General, Fifth Army Corps Page 280 280 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (Ow. LVIII. No 106. Report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Frederick Winthrop, Fifth New York Veteran Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations February 57. HDQRS. FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS, February 14, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of the command during the recent movement on Hatchers Run: At 8 a. in., on the 5th instant, broke camp near Gurleys house and marched down the Halifax road to Rowanty Creek; crossed the creek and so on to the intersection of the military iAke road with the Vaughan road. Here the command lay in line of battle until midnight, when it moved back on the Vaughan road and occupied a line of breast-works to the left of the road, about a mile west of the run At 1 p. m. moved out to the support of Greggs cavalry, who were skirmishing heavily with the enemy some distance farther down the road. Relieved the cavalry pickets with the One hundred and forty-sixth New York Vol- unteers, and deployed the Fifth New York Veteran Volunteers and One hundred and fortieth New York Volunteers on the right-hand side and the Fifteenth New York Heavy Artillery on the left-hand side of the road in a large open field. These dispositions had hardly been made before our cavalry advanced to the attack with two brigades, and a third in support. They soon became actively engaged with the enemys infantry, and, getting rather roughly handled, retired in con- siderable confusion, the enemy closely following. I immediately ordered up my three regiments at a doable quick, and, delivering some very fur volleys, succeeded in checking their advancing colamn and diiving it back to its shelter in the woods. Once or twice again the enemy attempted to advance over the open, but each time were handsomely repulsed by my troops, who fought with great spirit. Finally, about 5 p. in., beiiig relieved by the First Brigade, First Division, and hav- ing replenished our cartridge boxes, we were ordered out on l)icket, covering the road leading to Dabney~s Mill, where we remained until the afternoon of the 7th. I regret to mention the loss of Capt. Charles S. Montgomery, com- manding Fifth New York Veteran Volunteers, who was shot through the brain during the engagement. He handled his regiment in a most creditable manner, and is a sovere loss to the command. It is but sim- ple justice to say that I have rarely seen troops fight with more anima- tion or maintain their ground so stubbornly against such superior num- bers as confronted them in the earlier part of the engagement. With such troops I shall always feel confident of success. From my staff Lieutenant Campbell, acting assistant adjutant-general, and Lieutenant Leatz, aide-de-camp, and Lientenant Raymond, pioneer officerI re- ceived the most efficient assistance, and each and all of these gentlemen were conspicuous along the line e bearing. , ucouraging the men by their gallant I have the honor to remain, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRED. WINTHROP, Brevet Brigadier- General, Commanding. Bvt. Maj. W. W. SWAN, Actg Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Division, Fifth Army Gorps Page 281 Ca& p. LYIII.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 281 [First judorseinent.] HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, February 18, 1865. Respectfully referred to Brevet Major-General Griffin. According to the orders of the major-general commanding, Brevet Brigadier-General Winthrop came under your orders. Will you please state whether or not he received any orders from you during the after- noon of the 6th instant, and make any indorsement on this report you think called for. Please return this report with indorsement. By command of Major-General Warren: FRED. T. LOCKE, Brevet Colonel and Assistant Adjutant- General. [Second indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS- FIRST DIVISION, FIFTH C ORPS~ March 8, 1865. I would respectfully state that General Winthrop received no import- ant orders from me whilst engaging the enemy. I was not aware that he was supporting the cavalry until after he had been relieved by First Brigade, First Division, and when I went on the field General Win- thron reported to me that his command had not a round of ammunition. CHAS. GRIFFIN, Brevet Major- General. [Third indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, March 8, 1865. Respectfully referred to Brevet Brigadier General Winthrop, who will please state whether or not it was a fact that his command had entirely exhausted their ammunition at the time he was relieved by the First Brigade, First Division. By command of Major-General Warren: FRED. T. LOCKE, Brevet Colonel and Assistant Adjutant-General. [Fourth indorsement.] HDQRS. FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVisION, FIFTH CORPS, March 13, 1865. Respectfully returned. It is a fact that the brigade had certainly exhausted their ammuni- tion at the time it was relieved by the First Brigade, First Division. For a considerable length of time before the First Brigade, First Divis- ion, came np a large number of my men had not a single round left in their boxes. So soon as I was relieved by the First Brigade, First Division, I retired 75 to 100 yards in rear of my position and replen- ished my boxes with the ammunition which I had just then succeeded in procuring. I received no orders of any description from Major-General Griffin during the time my troops were engaged, something over two hours, he not being oii the field at that period. While I was replenish- ing my cartridge-boxes General Griffin rode np and, so soon as my troops were all supplied, I reported to him, as he was then the senior officer present. Shortly after this I received orders to report to Major Page 282 282 N. AND SE. VA., N. cx, w. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIIL General Warren with my command. Out of ammunition, is an old story, and with me has always been received with a certain amount of suspicion, but in this instance there was some merit in it. FRED. WINTHROP, Brevet Brigadier. General, Commanding. No. 107. Report of Col. Richard Y. Bowerman, Fourth Maryland Infantry, corn. man ding & cond Brigade, of operations February 57. HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, SECOND Div., FIFTH Coups, Near Hatchers Run, Va., February 12, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to report the following as the part taken by this brigade in the affairs of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: Marched from camp near the Gurley house Sunday, the 5th instant, 7 a. in., going toward Hatchers Run, crossing same about noon; pro- ceeded till 4 p. in., going into position at the Vaughan house on the mil. itary pike. At 11 p. m. marched on Vaughaii road back to Hatchers Run. Daylight, Monday, 6th instant, went into breast-works~ 2 followed Crawfords division. forn into two lines, advanced ling into the woods near the run, an engagement going on. A line of troops going to the rear at this time disarranged the line. Continuing to advance, encountered the enemy charging ahead. The enemy rapidly falling back, reached Dabneys Mill; pressing on about 200 yards beyond, a brisk action commenced. Falling short of ammunition, withdrew slowly to the mill; remained here fighting the enemy till the ammunition gave entirely out, and the troops on the flank having fallen back, the brigade was withdrawn in good order and slowly back to the position occupied previous to going into the battle. Time engaged, about two hours and a half. Tuesday, 7th instant, remained in breast.works. Herewith is list of casualties.* I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, RICH]) N. BOWERMAN, Colonel Fourth Regiment Maryland Vol. infty., Comdg. Brigade. Maj. W. W. SWAN, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Division, Fifth Army Corps. [First indorsernent.] HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, February 18, 1865. Respectfully returned. The major-general commanding desires to know whether this brigade retired (when, as is stated within, it was not supported on either its right or left flank) by orders from its division commander, and whether any of our troops were on its right or left flank; and further, whether the enemy assailed on either of its flanks, rendering its position untenable. The major-general commanding the corps wishes to secure his troops from charges thus made in official reports by one part of his command against another, and therefore makes these inquiries so that the report may be made more specific in its allegations against those who left this brigade unsupported. It is his present opinion the brigade left the front without orders and without encountering a sufficient force of the ~ Embodied in table, p. 66 Page 283 Ca& p. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 283 enemy to justify it. It hardly seems creditable that this command should have exhausted its animunition so soon; but if so, it is no suffi- cient reason for a brigade commander to retire from the field without orders. If the command was so withdrawn, charges will be preferred against this officer, if it shall appear that he retired his brigade in the f~ice of the eneniy without orders or without being driven back by the enemy. This report to be returned. By command of Major-General Warren: FRED. T. LOCKE, Brevet Colonel and Assistant Adjutant- General. [Second indorsement.] HDQRS. FOURTh REGIMENT MARYLAND VOL. INFTY, March 16, 1865. Maj. W. W. SWAN, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Division, Fifth Corps: MAJOR: In obedience to indorsement I have the honor to report that when the Second Brigade (under my command February 6) was with- drawn from the field there were none of our troops on either of its flanks, and that it was driven back by the superior force of the enemy. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, RICHD. N. BOWERMAN, Colonel, Corn m anding Fourth Regiment Maryland Vol. Infty. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Dlv., FIFTH CORPS, February 13, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor, in connection with my report of the 12th instant, to mention the gallant conduct of the brigade staffCapt. Josiah Bankerd, Fourth Maryland, acting assistant adjutant-general; Capt. Fred. W. Simon, Eighth Maryland, acting inspector-general; Capt. Jesse D. Childs, First Maryland, acting aide-de-camp; also, Maj. Harrison Adreon, commanding Fourth Regiment Maryland Infantry, and Maj. Edward M. Mobley, Seventh Regiment Maryland Infantry. Their conduct was of the most meritorious character and deserving of all praise. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, RICIID. N. BOWERMAN, Colonel Fourth Regiment Maryland Vol. Infty., Comdg. Brigade. Maj. W. W. SWAN, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Division, F~fth Army Corps. No. 108. Report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. James Gwyn, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations Feb- ruary 57. HDQRS. THIRD BRIGADE, SECOND DIvISION, FIFTH CORPS, February 14, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the fidlowing report of oper- ations during the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: At 6.30 oclock on the morning of the 5th of. February my command moved, in accordance with circular from corps headquarters, of the 4th instant, left in front, in the following order: First, Two hundred an Page 284 284 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Col. William Sergeant commanding; second, Third Delaware Volunteers, Maj. James E. Baily command. ing; third, One hundred and ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, Capt. P. L. Norton, commanding; fourth, One hundred and ninetieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Capt. R. M. Birkmau commanding; fifth, One hundred and fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, Capt. J. W. Scott commanding; sixth, Fourth Delaware Volunteers, Bvt. Maj. D. H. Kent commanding. The route was along the Halifax road, mybri- gade being in the advance. The cavalry being unable to overcome the opposition made by the enemy at Rowanty Creek, the One hundred and ninetieth and One hundred and ninety-first Pennsylvania Volun- teers were advanced as skirmishers, supported by Fourth Delaware Volunteers, and ordered to take the works beyond the creek. The other regiments of brigade were also brought up. But few men could get across, as the bridge was destroyed. These few, however, succeeded in dislodging the enemy and capturing a few prisoners. After a short delay, to cover the crossing of remainder of division, the brigade again advanced some three or four miles and took up position before dark on the left of Second Brigade. The march was again resumed at 11 oclock, and continued until reaching the crossing of Vaughan road at Hatchers Run, when the brigade was massed in reserve. During morning of the 6th instant relieved General Winthrops brigade in the works. In the afternoon moved right in front, following the Second Brigade to the right and in front of the works occupied by the First Division. Then, forming in two lines, moved by the right flank through the woods till the Second Brigade had gained position.* While waiting the order to advance the left of brigade was broken by the stampede of a portion of General Greggs cavalry, but was afterward rallied and placed in position on left of Second Brigade. I advanced the brigade and eu- gaged the enemy for about two hours; not being supported on eitner my right or left flank I returned to crest of hill in front of breast-work. Tuesday, 7th instant, reoccupied the line of works on left of Second Division. I herewith transmit nominal and tabular list of casualties during the engagement.t Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES GWYN, Brevet Brigadier- General, Commanding Brigade. Bvt. Maj. W. W. SWAN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [Indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS, Respectfully returned. February 18, 1865. The major-general commanding desires to know whether this brigade retired (when, as is stated within, it was not supported on either its right or left flank) by orders from its division commander, and whether any of our troops were on its right or left flank, and further, whether, the enemy assailed on either of its flanks, rendering its position unten- able. The major-general commanding the corps wishes to secure his troops from charges thus made in official reports by one part of his following portion of this report was subsequently amended. See p.285. t Embodied in table, p. 66 Page 285 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 285 command against another, and therefore makes these inquiries so that the report may be made more specific in its allegations against those who left this brigade unsupported. It is his present opinion the brigade left the front without orders and without encountering a sufficient force of the enemy to justify it. This report to be returned. By command of Major-General Warren: FRED. T. LOCKE, Brevet Colonel and Assistant A~jutant- General. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIG., SECOND DIV., FIFTH ARMY CORPS, March 15, 1865. Bvt. Col. FRED. T. LOCKE, Assistant Adjutant- General, Fifth Corps: COLONEL: I have the honor to transmit herewith my report of trans- actions, dated the 14th of February, together with an amended report, which I request to substitute for it. In explanation of this request I desire to say that when I made the first report I did not intend to charge dereliction of duty upon any troops when I said that I was not sup- ported on either my right or left flank, but deemed my position in that respect then, as I do now, as the direct result of the confusion caused by the cavalry breaking throngh a portion of my brigade. I was not conscious of using language which would bear such construction, but see now, the report having been returned to me, that such con8tructlon can be placed upon it. In the report which I desire now to send, I have avoided language which makes any charge by implication upon other troops than my own, and have endeavored to be more explicit throughout. In case my request may be granted, I have the honor further to request that the first report may be returned to me. I trust that the amended report will be deemed a satisfactory reply to the inquiries in the indorsement of the commanding general, dated the 18th of February. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES UWYN, Brevet Brigadier- General, Commanding Brigade. [Inclosure.*] The order was then given to move by the left flank to the front, and the movement had commenced, when the brigade was broken by the stampede of a portion of our cavalry, which came back directly through it and caused it to divide, and threw it into such confusion for a few minutes that the biigade never again, through the day, became thoroughly united. A large portion of the brigade was rallied, and I advanced with it a considerable distance to the front engaging the enemy for about two hours. At the expiration of this time, finding that my course had been different from that of the troops on my right, and that consequently I was without support upon either flank, and that the enemys fire had ceased in my front and was becoming quite brisk upon both flanks, I considered the position untenable by the troops of my command and retired to the crest of the hill in front of the breast-works. * So much of thi8 report as corresponds with that on p. 284 is here omitted Page 286 286 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. A D D E ND A. HDQRS. THIRD BRiG., SECOND Div., FIFTH ARMY CORPS, Bvt Maj. W. W. SwAN, February 17, 1865. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General: MAJOR: I have the honor to forward the following names of officers of my command who, under my personal observation, especially distii- guished themselves in the engagements of Ilowanty Creek and Hatch- ers Run on the 5th and 6th instant: Col. William Sergeant, commanding Two hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Adjt. Morris Shiesinger, Two hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Bvt. Maj. D. H. Kent, commanding Fourth Delaware Volunteers; Adjt. William H. Cloward, Fourth Dela- ware Volunteers; Capt. IR. M. Birkmnan, commanding One hundred and ninetieth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Capt. P. L. Norton, coin- manding One hundred and ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers; Capt. J. W. Scott, commanding One hundred and fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers; Capt. D. D. Joseph, Third Delaware Volunteers. I have also the honor to refer to the gallant behavior of the following mem- bers of my staff: Bvt. Capt. H. Gawthrop, Fourth Delaware Volun- teers, acting assistant adjutant-general; Bvt. Capt. Charles H. Hand, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, aide-dc-camp; Bvt. Capt. John L. Beuzon, One hundred and ninety-first Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, aide-de-camp; First Lieut. Pierce Neals, Fourth Dela- ware Volunteers, pioneer officer; Bvt. Maj. Thomas E. Carter, One hundred and fifty- seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, brigade in spector. These officers I cannot too highly praise for their coolness, courage, an(I gallantry. Very respectfully, your obed i eat servant, JAMES GWYN, Bra act Brigadier- General, Comm ending Brigade. No. 109. Report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Henry A. Morrow, Twenty-fourth Michigan Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, Third Division, of operations February 56. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., THIRD DIv., FIFTH ARMY CORPS, February 9, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Third Brigade in the late operations of the army on the left, near Dabneys Mill: - The brigade was composed of the following regiments: Fifty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, Lieut. Col. J. T. Jack, 9 officers and 155 men; One hundred and twenty-first Regiment Penn- sylvania Volunteers, Maj. West Funk, 5 officers and 82 men; One hundred and forty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Lient. Col. H. N. Warren, 8 officers and 135 men; Ninety-fourth New York Volunteers, Capt. George French, 9 officers and 212 men; Ninety-fifth New York Volumiteers, Lient. Col. James Creney, 6 officers and 247 men; One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers, Capt. James Coey, 15 officers and 249 men. The One hundred and seventh Pennsylvani Page 287 CH~. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 281 Veteran Volunteers was attached to my command oi~ the 5th instant, and its movements are included in this report. The brigade, having 59 officers and 1,301 muskets, making a total of 1,360, moved from camp at 6.30 oclock on the morning of the 5th instant, imlowing the First Brigade, under General Bragg, and after a march, variously estimated at from fifteen to eighteen miles, halted near Mills, on Gravelly Creek. Pickets were established, and the. men had built fires and were preparing to bivouac, when orders were received to retrace our steps for the distance of two miles in order to form a junction with the Sec- ond Brigade, nuder General Baxter. This was accordingly done; the troops, though greatly fatigued witli their long march and suffering with intense cold, exhibited the greatest good feeling and cheerfulness. I at once forwarded a strong line of pickets in our front, and extended them to a swamp on our left, having advanced posts on the road near Mills. The duty of establishing the l)ickets was intrusted in its details to Lieutenant-Colonel Jack, who discharged the dutyin a manner altogether satisfactory. This officer deserves credit also for the hand- sonie manner in which he withdrew his pickets the next morning. To appreciate the difficulties under which this officer labored and the deli- cate task he had to perform, it is only necessary to state that he was totally unacquainted with the ground, which was much broken and covered with a dense wood. It may be stated here also that it was currently reported among the troops, and generally believed, that we were in the immediate vicinity of a division of rebel infantry. On the morning of the 6th, belbre daylight, the brigade was again l)laced iii motion and marched to hatchers Run, where with other trool)s of the division it was bivouacked on the right bank. Early in the afternoon we recrossed the run and filed off through a woods in a northerly direction. The First Brigade was in the advance, and on reaching a cleared field, distant perhaps a quarter of a mile from our bivouac, the First Brigade was deployed and advanced in line of battle into the woods beyond, and at once became engaged with the enemys skirmishers. My command was now formed in line of battle, perhaps 300 yards in rear and overlapping the left of the First Brigade, my right and left being a little refused, and in this order ad. vanced. The Second Brigade subsequently took position on my left. General Bragg was now actively engaged in our front, and I dimnin- ished the distance between the brigades to about 100 yards. The left of the First Brigade being driven back and falling considerably to the right, my front became entirely uncovered, and I ordered the troops at once into action. The several regiments advanced in handsome style at the double-quick, and drove back the advancing enemy for a con- siderable distance into a wood beyond a small cleared field. The fighting was now heavy and continuous, and our losses very con- siderable. This line was held by us until the troops fell back, late in the afternoon, though the bulk of our ammunition had long before that time been exhausted. The enemy repeatedly pressed forward in our front, but was as often repulsed. It was here that all our losses occurred, and it may give some idea of the fierceness of the contest when it is told that our losses number 1 officer killed and 9 wounded, amid 22 mcii killed and 171 wounded, a total of 10 officers and 193 men killed amid wounded on this single line of battle without our yielding a foot of ground. Our ammunition failing and the enemy being largely re.enforced, as it now appears, the troops became restless under a galling fire without the means of returning it, and it required the greatest gallantry an Page 288 288 N. AND SE. VA.. N. C., W. VA.. MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. exposure on the part of officers to keep the men up to the work. At this time the following regimental officers particularly distinguished themselves: Lient. Col. James Creney, Ninety-fifth New York Volun- teers; Ma West Funk, One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers; Captain Coey,* One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers; and Captain Bush, Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers. Colonel Creney and Maj. West Funk seized the colors of their regi- ments, and rushing to the front, by both word and gesture, urged their men to advance. Captain Coey repeatedly exposed himself in front of his men, attempting in every possible way to keep his comniand up to their duty. Indeed, I must say the conduct of Colonel Creney, Major Funk, Captains Coey and Bush was of the most daring and inspiring character and deserving of every praise. Colonel Creney, Major Funk, and Captain Coey were each severely wounded. Captain French, Ninety-fourth New York Volunteers, exhibited much coolness through- out the engagement. About 5 oclock I received a wound in my right side from a musket-ball, and was forced to leave the field, not, however, until I had formally turned over the command to Colonel McCoy, of the One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, and delivered to him the brigade colors, which I happened to hold in my hand at the moment, and which lie brought safely back from the field. Great praise is due to each of the regimental commanders and their officers and men for their gallantry in this engagenient. The conduct of officers whom I specially named came under my own observation, and for this reason is prominently roticed in this report. Others may have done as well, though I did not see them. My thanks are due to the officers of my staff for their prompt, effi- cient, and gallant assistance rendered throughout the engagement. Capt. Harrison Lambdin, assistant adjutant- general, deserved special mention for his gallant conduct; he was cool, methodical, and daring, and everywhere on his horse, which was twice wounded, urging forward the troops and inspiring them by his own example. Lieut. Richard Esmond, acting aide-dc-camp, exhibited much courage and coolness under fire; he was conspicuous everywhere on the field for his daring. Capt. ID. J. Dickson, brigade inspector, rendered gallant service. Capt. E. B. Cochrane is deserving more than a passing notice, not only for his conduct during the engagement, but from the fact that his term of service had expired before the troops left camp, but lie volunteered to serve with me as an aide. He had his horse shot under him early in the engagement; such devotion is worthy of special mention. Capt. II. R. Whiting and Lieut. George W. Chilson, of the Twenty-fourth Michigan Volunteers, were volunteer aides, and deserve credit for their coolness and the efficient manner in which they discharged their duties. This report would be imperfect did it fail to notice the gallant con- duct of Orderlies James Titus, Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers, Eld- ridge T. Rogers, One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers and George H. Hardman, One hundred and. forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, each of whom displayed courage worthy of officers far above them in rank. The following named. officers and enlisted men have been particularly mentioned for gallaiitry by their respective regimental commanders: Lient. Alba A. Johnson, Ninety.fourth New York Volunteers, for cool- ness and bravery; Sergt. Maj. William Shields, One hundred and forty. second Pennsylvania Volunteers, who was severely wounded, for dis * Awarded a Medal of Honor Page 289 Caip. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 289 tinguished gallantry; Corpl. James X. Walter, One hundred and forty- second Pennsylvania Volunteers, promoted to sergeant on the battle- field for bravery in grasping and carrying the colors after the sergeant and two corporals had been wounded; Sergt. Maj. William Boyce, Color-Sergt. Patrick Cashman, Sergt. Peter Fannon, Sergt. John A. McDonald, Sergt. John S. McCoy, Corpl.Volney Russell, Private William Wilson, and Corpi. Patrick Cunningham, all of One hundred and forty- seventh New York Volunteers, volunteered their services to follow Lieu- tenant Esmond with the brigade colors to the front of the line. Sergeant Faunon was severely wounded, and Private Wilson killed. I am, ma very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. MORROW, Brevet Brigadier- General. Maj. E. C. BAIRD, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Div., FQth Army Corps. Nc. 110. Report of Cot. Thomas F. McCoy, One hundred and secenth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 69. IIDQRS. 107TH PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to make the following report of the oper- ations of the Third Brigade in the late engagement, while temporarily ander my command: I was in command of my regiment in the battle of the 6th instant up to the time of the second advance of the brigade across the orchard near Dabneys Mill. This was at the period of the hottest part of the engagement, and when Brevet Brigadier-General Morrow, commanding the brigade, was wounded. Fortunately, being near where the general partially fell from his horse from the stunning effect of his wound, he immediately addressed me, stating that he was wounded, turned over the command to me as the next ranking officer, and placed in my hands the brigade flag, which he had been carrying through the most danger- ous part of the engagement. At this time the enemy was making a most vigorous onset upon our lines. Their advancing colnmns were approaching and putting into our lines a most destructive fire. A great many brave officers and men had been killed and wounded. The bat- tle swayed to and fro again and again, and had been contested with the greatest tenacity. Ammunition that was expected did not arrive to replenish our cartridge-boxes. No supporting column came as was expected and longed for. The enemy had artillery and were using it effectively. We had no artillery in the engagement. It was now nearly night. The line on our left had already fallen back. Our forces that were still on the advance line were battling with great courage, but were rapidly dwindling before a more vigorous and increasing volume of fire. The enemy had, as their fire indicated and as has since been clearly authenticated, large re-enforcements, and were before us in over- whelming numbers. It was time to retire if we would save our brave men now contending without any fair prospects of success. The move- ment was therefore made as quickly and rapidly as possible to obtain the cover of our works, where the brigade was reformed in the early part of the night and rested on its arms, ready for the arduous duties of the coming day. During the night a fresh supply of amniunition was received. On the morning of the 7th instant I found myself in command of the fol- 19 R RVOL XLVI, PT Page 290 290 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. lowing regiments: Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, Lieu- tenant-Colonel Jack; One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Volun- teers, Maj. H. J. Sheafer; One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, Lieut. H. S. Shute; One hnndred and forty-second Peunsyl. vania Volunteers, Li eut. Col. H. N. Warren; Ninety-fourth New York Volunteers, Capt. George Freiich; Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers, Capt. A. MeC. Bush, One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volun- teers, Capt. John McKinlock. The largest of these regiments did not exceed 200 muskets, and several of theni had less than 100. The troops passed a very uncomfortable night, and this morning it began to hail and rain and continued throughout the day, mnakiiig it a day of extreme hardships upon the soldiers. Early in the day the movement against the enemy commenced. The movement was against tile same position of the enemy as yesterday, at Dabneys Mill, but the approach was made from the direction of Hatchers Run from near the point of Arm- strongs Mill. The Second Brigade (Baxters) led the column, the Third Brigade in support of the First Brigade on the left flank and in reserve. The Second Brigade soon drove the enemy from their first line of rifle-pits. The Third Brigade occupied the position at once, and under the instructions of Brevet Major-General Crawford breast- works were thrown up in this line. While engaged in this we were exposed to the enemys artillery, and to an attack on the right of the brigade near the run, indicating a design to turn our flank at. that point. In order to guard that dank until other troops could be obtained Captain Lambdin, assistant adjutant-general, very opportunely had a force of skirmishers deployed. They were soon attacked, and partly driven back. I then reported the condition of affiuirs to the general commanding division, and requested that additional troops should be ordered there, which was promptly done, a part of General Braggs (First) brigade, in command of the general himself, was soon in l)o5i- tion, which afforded perfect security to that flank. At this time it was ordered by the general commanding the division to send a regiment of my command to the support of the Second Brigade on the skirmish front. I immediately ordered the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers to report to Brigadier-General Baxter, under whose command they did good service the balance of the day. The battle continued, Baxter again a(lvaneiIlg and the enemy retir- ing to their works and artillery, which weic but a few hundred yards in onr front. Later in the day, about 4.30 oclock, the remaining part of the First Brigade (Braggs), on the left of my command, was trans- ferred to the right, and in or(ler to affiwd sufficient space for them in the works the Third Brigade was marched by the left flank several hundred yards, the left thrown back, Thrming almost a semi-circle, and resting on a swamp, beyond which there was a constant firing from the enemys skirmishers. As soon as this niovemnent was accomplished I was directed to form a line of battle, with the First Brigade on my right, in front of the works, with a view of mnakin~ another advance, and if possible carrying the enemys works, a part of the Sixth Corps coming up to occupy the works we were about to evacuate. It was now late in the evening. My command was formed in line on the left of the First Brigade, the left wing, however, being retired, and nmmder instructions from the general comliuiian(lim)g division this part of my command was to be brought aroumid upon time line as the movement progressed. This was accomplished at a run, and just before the enemy opened with canister upon the advancing column. Part of the line under this artillery fire gave way and retired to the works in their rear before they could be rallied. That part of the line under Maj. II. J Page 291 Cprxp. LYHI.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 291 Sheafer, and several other officers whose names I have not been able to obtain, held nearly all the ground gained, and the line being reformed at this advanced point, another line of breast works were thrown up, by direction of the division commander. It was now 10 p. m. The enemys line and our own were now quite close, but ouly occasional firing occurred when the pickets were in close proximity. All these operations took place in a piiie wood, and daring a heavy sleet and rain, the ground being covered with ice and water. Officers and men were greatly exhausted. The lines had been thinned to some extent by straggling to the rear. At 11.30 oclock I received orders to have my command in readiness to move within an hour. At about 1 oclock my command, with other troops of the division, were relieved and with- drawm to near the bridge on the east side of Hatchers Hun, where we remained until the afternoon of the 8th, when the brigade was ordered to form a picket line from the run eastward to connect with the cavalry at the Halifax road, at the junction near Reams Station. This was accomplished before dark of the same evening. On the morning of the 9th, Brevet Brigadier-general Hofmann hav- ing returned from his leave of absence, I was relieved from the com- mand of the brigade and again assumed the command of my regiment. I cannot close this report without expressing my high appreciation of the services and gallant conduct of Capt. Harrison Lamubdin, assist- ant adjutant-general, and Lieut. Richard Esmomid, acting aide-de- camp. Their courage, activity, and efficiency excited my admiration. I would also in this connection add the names of Capt. I). J. Dickson, the brigade inspector, and Lient. George W. Chilson, acting aide de- camp, as worthy of commendation for their courage and intelligent discharge of duty. I feel pleasure in acknowledging my indebtedness to these very worthy officers for the important aid rendered me dur- ing the brief but important period I had the honor of commanding the Third Brigade. Not having received the reports of the regimental counianders, I can- not speak of the many officers and non-commissioned officers whose gallantry entitle them to honorable mention. Officers and men fought bravely amid well, and certainly merited greater success than it was their fortune to obtain. For particulars I would refer the general com- manding the division to the reports of regimental commanders, which will be, if not already, forwarded by Brevet Brigadier-General Morrow, whose duty it is to note all individual acts of gallantry. The list of casualties will also accompany these reports. T. F. McCOY, Colonel 107th Pennsylvania Vet. lois., Corn dg. Third Brigade. iVlaj. E. C. BAIRD, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 111. Report qt Capt. Aaron Bright, Jr., Eighty-eighth Pennsyirania Infantry,* of operations February 510. HDQRS. EIGHTY-EIGHTH PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN ~OLS., February 14, P565. SIR: I have the honor to report the following as the l)art taken by this regiment during the mnovement upomi the enemy, viz: We moved from our camp on Jerusalem plank road omi February 5, 1865, and at 6 p. m. arrived two miles to the left of Hatchers Run; we ~ Of the Second Brigade, Third DivP~ion Page 292 292 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. formed line of battle and remained over night. Morning of February 6 marched at 4 oclock, and crossed Hatchers Run and laid in open field until 3 p. m. We recrossed Hatchers Run, and moved ixi toward iDabneys Mill; formed line of battle and charged the enemy twice; gained and lost ground. We were fired into from. the rear by Sixth Army Corps. We withdrew and lay over night. Morning, February 7, moved to the right, advanced and drove the enemy ont of his first line of pits; we then formed heavy skirmish line and charged the enemys main works twice, and were repulsed each time with heavy loss to regiment. We were then relieved by a part of Sixth Army Corps; we formed on their right and threw up works. February 8, 1865, moved out, recrossed Hatchers Run, and lay over night. February 9, relieved the One huii- dred and seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, of Third Brigade, oii picket; remained on picket until 10th; we were relieved by a detachment from several regiments; we then marched to old camp on Jerusalem plank road. Tehe officers and men behaved nobly throughout the entire move, and in one or two instances deserve special mention. First Sergt. William Sands,* Company G; Color-Sergt. D. Devine, Company K, both dis- played bravery unequaled throughont any engagement we were ever in. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, AARON BRIGHT, JR., Lieutenant LEAVITT, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 112. Report ~f Col. Thomas F. McCoy, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Ii~fantry, of operations February 56. HDQRS. 107TH PENNSYLVANIA VOL. INFANTRY, THIRD BRIGADE, THIRD DIVISION, FIFTH ARMY CORPS, Camp near Hatchers Run, Va., February 11, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with circular of 10th instant, I have the honor to make the following report of the operations of my regiment in the late movements: On the morning of the 5th instant, when about to march with the Second Brigade, to which my regiment belonged, I received an order from the brevet major-general commanding the division to report to Brevet Brigadier- General Morrow, temporarily commanding Third (Hof- manns) Brigade, to which command I was conducted by Captain Coch- rane, of the staff, when it was then massed in front of corps headquarters. The column was soon on the march, heading in the direction of the Yellow House and Halifax road, and upon reaching followed that road and the Weldon railroad, which run parallel and near together, south in the direction of Reams Station. When within amile of the latter point the column moved on the road leading westward, and by a cir- cuitous route in the direction of the Boydton plank road. When near that road, having crossed Rowanty Creek several miles south of where the Vaughan road crosses Hatchers Rui, the corps having formed con- nection with the Second Corps extended along that road, went into camp for the night. There was but little skirmishing during the day, the column having encountered nothing but a few pickets of the enemy. *Awarded a Medal of Honor Page 293 CHAP. LYIfl.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 293 While preparing for our bivouac by collecting wood and making fires, the night being very cold and the men weary after the lou g march of the day. the brigade was again put on the march and returned to the rear of the corps, and bivouacked at the junction of the Vaughan road and the road upon which we had advanced. On the morning of the 6th we, with the whole corps, were on the march, at 4 oclock, on the Vaughan road in the direction of Hatchers Run, near the Armstrong Mill, some three miles distant, and arrived soon after daylight at the point from which the Second Corps had driven the enemy. Here the three divisions composing the corps were concen- trated with Greggs cavalry. It was reported during the forenoon that the enemy was demonstrating in our front. At about 2 p. m. our divis- ion received orders to move. We crossed to the west side of the run, the First Brigade leading, ours next, with the Second following, the One hnndred and seventh being second in line. After crossing, the head of the column turned toward Dabneys Mill, about a mile distant. The ground in the, direction of the enemy, who was posted in force at this point, was rolling and principally covered with a heavy growth of wood, part of it with thick underbrush, a swamp, and several old fields. The lines were soon formed, the First Brigade in advance, ours (the Third) following in support, the Second having deployed to the left. The battle soon began. The enemys skirmishers were driven in and their first line of rifle-pits takeiu. The advance was continued, our part of the line in the woods, until we came to an opening of perhaps 150 yards, and just as we reached this point the first line was rapidly retir- ing under a charge from the enemy and rushed into our line. Under the trying circumstances we had great difficulty in preserving our line, but did succeed in so doing and in pouring a heavy fire into the advanc- ing column of the enemy, causing him to stop at the opposite margin of the field. Our brigade, now becoming the front line, with a cheer charged across the field and into the opposite woods, driving him in turn through this woods into his fortifications at or near the Dabney Mill. Forming our line along the margin of this opening, the fight was continued with great tenacity, and evidently with considerable loss on both sides. It was here that the enemy brought artillery to bear upon our line, partly enfilading it. We brought no artillery into the action. Ammunition was nearly exhausted as the day advanced, it being nearly dark. The enemys fire was growing more destructive, and their lines of battle were advancing, evidently being strongly re-enforced. At this time part of our line gave way on the left of our brigade, which had the effect of causing part of ours to retire. Many of these were rallied again and brought back to the line. At this period of the engagement Brevet Brigadier-General Morrow, commanding the brigade, who had been displaying the greatest gal- lantry during the action, was struck from his horse by a rifle-ball pierc- ing his body, and was compelled to leave the field. As he fell from his horse, being near him, lie turne(I over the command and the brigade flag, which he had been carrying through the thickest of the fight, to me, and I immediately relinquished the command of my regiment to Maj. H. J. Sheafer, and proceeded to the performance of the duties imposed by the exigency to the best of my ability. No ammunition and no sup- porting column arriving, it was now evident that our troops must retire to their original line, and this they did just in time to preserve them- selves from utter destruction, as it has since been ascertained that the enemy in our front was in overwhelming force Page 294 294 N. AND SE. VA., N. (I., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. I must express myself as highly gratified with the gallant conduct of my regiment in the afternoons contest. I had in my command about 275 muskets; three-fourths of these men were now nuder fire for the first time. Many of these men fought with uncommon courage. Nearly one-fourth of the number engaged were killed or wounded. I am pleased to have it inmy power to namethe following officers ashaving conducted themselves with a high degree of courage: Maj. H. J. Sheafer; Capt. Theo. K. Scheffer, wounded slightly, Company A; Lieut. Oliver P. Stair, commanding Company D; Lieut. John F. Williams, commanding Coin- pany F; Licut. H. H. Hutton, comlnan(lm Company K; Lieut. J. B. S. Yenai, commanding Company G; Lieut. Aaron Treher, commanding Company B, wounded. I w-ould also name the following sergeants who have been named to me as having displayed commendable courage: First Sergt. Johu A. Tompkins, Company F; Sergt. Isaac S. Dissinger, commanding Company I; Sergt. Johii Delany, Company I; First Sergt. Michael J. Hawley, commanding Company C; First Sergt. William C. Beck, conunauding Company H; First Sergt. Martin V. Cochran, wounded, commanding Company E; First Sergt. Edwin S. Wilcox, wounded, Company G; Sergt. Francis J. Swoyer, color bearer, Com- pany C; and Sergt. Maj. Lord B. Green. I have also to commend time courage of Asst. Surg. IR. S. I)ana, who was in the thickest of the fight attending to the wounded. As soon as the battle commenced Chaplain W. T. Canmpbell repaired to the division hospital and rendered excellent service. I would respect- fully brimig to the notice of the commanding general the name of Pri- vate John M. Duff, of Company B, who having been captured in coim- sequence of having fallen in crossing a ditch imi retiring froni the field, but who, upon being required to take oft his accouterments and sur- render his gun, emn braced a favorable opportunity, slmot dowmm his captor, and made goad his escape. He is an immtelligeut, brave boy of about sixteen years, aiid this was his first l)attle. I feel it a duty in closimig thins report to express my appreciation of the efficiency amid high degree of conrage exhibited by my adjutant, James B. Thomas, who was slightly wounded in the action and had his clothing in several places emit with balls. He, in charge of a part ot the regiment retiring by the right and closely pursued by the enemy, took advantage of a rifle-pit near the run amid fired with good effect their last remuainimg cartridges. Attaclined will be found a list ot the casuahties.* I am, (aptaimin, very re8~)ectfully, & c. T. F. McCOY, (blond, Commanding Regiment. Capt. HARRISON LAMBDIN, A8Sistaut Adjutant- General, Third I?rigade. No. I1.~. Report of Miaj. Henry J. Sheafer, One hundred and seeenth Penn8yl- vania infantry, of operations February 69. HEADQUARTERS 107TH PENNSYLVANiA VOLUNTEERS, February 12, 18(15. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that on the evening of Feb- ruary 6 I took command of the One hundred and seventh Penusyl- Embodied in table, p. 67 Page 295 CHAP. LVIII.1 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 295 vania Volunteers, the regiment at that time forming part of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Army Corps. We bivouacked for the night on the south side of Hatchers Run, near the bridge. The regi- inent lay here until 11 a. m. on the morning of the 7th and then marched up the stream about three-quarters of a mile, and then formed part of the brigade line of battle and advanced in support of Baxters brigade, who was skirmishing the enemy in front. We advanced in support of this brigade, entering the woods and taking possession of the unfin- ished rebel works captured in Baxters advance. Here we halted, and, felling trees, threw up additional works and slashed the timber in front. While here the enemy threw shells, but they all passed over, doing us no injury. About 4.30 p. m. we were marched to the left by the flank about half a mile (troops of the Sixth Corps occupying the works we left). 1 then received orders to cross the breast-works and advanced in line with the brigade. Ii also received instructions that the guide would be right. We had not advanced far until I found the regiments on my left had great difficulty in keeping up with the line, on account of the guide being right; it required nearly a right half wheel to do so. A charge being ordered, 1 advanced the regiment nuder fire until within a very short distance of the rebel works, but before penetrating that far the troops on my right and left gave way, falling back to the breast-works which we had crossed, part of my own regiment falling back with them; but with the colors of the regiment, the three commissioned officers I had with me, and about one-half of my men, we fell back about 100 yards, halted~ and reformed my line, the enemy making no attempt at an advance. After dark the regiments composing the brigade returned and took position on my right and left. A short time after we were marched by the flank to the right, making connection with the left of General Braggs brigade, and were ordered to build breast-works. About 1 oclock on the morning of the 8th we were marched to the rear, crossing hatchers Run, and bivouacked in the field on the north side of the run. 0mm the afterimoon of the 9th I was relieved of the command of tIme regiment by the return of Colonel McCoy. Lieut. John F. Williams was injured by a fall in the charge. I had 1 man killed and 6 wounded. The three commissioned officers with me, viz: First Lient. 0. P. Stair, Company A; First Lient. John F. Williams, Corn pany F, and Second Lient. 11. H. Hutton, behaved with great gallantry. Sergts. John Dehany, John A. Tompkins, William C. Beck, and Michael J. Haw- hey, behaved very bravely and rendered a great deal of assistance. Sergt. F. J. Swoyer, color bearer of the regiment, behaved with his usual courage until compelled to relinquish the same, being wounded in the hand. I am, cal)taiml, very respeettully, your obedient servant, H. J. SHEAFER, Major One hundred and sereuth Pen nsylcania Volunteers. Capt. HARRISON LAMinmIN, Asst. A~0t. Gen., Third Brig., Third Dir., Fi~fth Army Corps. P. S.For names of woumided, see list of casualties accompanying report of Colonel McCoy.# Embodied in table, p. 67 Page 296 296 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. No. 114. Report of Lieut. Col. Horatio N Warren, One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 510. HDQRS. 142D REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, February 11, 1865. CAPTAIN: In compliance with orders I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by my command in the recent oper- ations near Hatchers Run: Left camp February 5, 1865, at 6 a. in.; marched to and crossed Hatchers Run about 2 p. in.; marched to telegraph road, halted and threw out pickets; expected to stay for the night; received orders to march in retreat at about 9 p. m. that night; marched about two miles and massed in an opeu field,where we remained until about 5p.m. [a. in.], then marched down the Vaughan road; massed in an open field on east bank of Hatchers Run. About ip. m. February 6, recrossed the run and advanced by the right flank to protect the left flank of General Braggs brigade, which advanced in line of battle. Proceeded about one mile, driving the enemys skir- mishers; arrived at an open field near some house, when General Braggs brigade changed front to the left. By order of General Craw- ford I formed my regimeiit on the left of his brigade, General Baxters brigade coming up and forming on my left. We then advanced and engaged the enemy. We fought on this ground until about 5 p. in., when our ammunition was exhausted and we were forced to fall back, the enemy following closely. We retired inside of some temporary works erected near the run, where we reformed and remained until next day, February 7, at 9 a. in., when we moved up the run. Advanced in line in rear of General Baxters brigade until we reached a temporary line of rebel works, which we turned and strengthened. Our right being exposed I threw out a few skirmishers to form a line to Hatchers Run. At about 5 p. in. we were moved forward and soon encountered the enemy in works with artillery; we charged and attempted to carry the works but failed; then formed a line about 300 yards from their works and commenced throwing up a line of breast- works, which we had partially completed when we were ordered to march and returned to east bank of Hatchers Run, where we were massed 4 a. m. February 8. About 4 p. m. on the 8th went on picket and remained until 3 p. in. on the 9th, when we were withdrawn, and threw up a line of breast- works on the north side of the Vaughan road. February 10, started out at 6 a. in. and helped finish a piece of corduroy road. At 4 p. in. started for our old camp and arrived about 7 p. in. Loss in the engagement was 3 killed, 25 wounded, and 1 missing. For distinguished gallantry I have the honor to name Sergt. Maj. William Shields, who was severely wounded iiear the close of the action onthe6th; Corpl. James X. Walter, whom I promoted to sergeant on the battle-field for. his bravery in grasping the colors and carrying them with perfect coolness after one sergeant and two color corporals had been wounded. Respectfully submitted. H. N. WARREN, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Reyiment. Capt. HARRISON LAMEDIN, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 297 Cuii~. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 297 No. 115. Report of Bvt. Lieut. Col. Robert if. Fitzhugh, First New York Light Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, of operations February 57. HDQRS. ARTILLERY BRIGADE, FIFTH ARMY CORPS, February 14, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the batteries under my commandD, First New York Artil- lery, Capt. James B. Hazelton; L, First ~ew York Artillery, Bvt. Maj. George Breck; Ninth Massachusetts Battery, First Lieut. George W. Fosterin the late operations near Hatchers Run: The batteries moved with the Fifth Corps from the camp near the Jerusalem plank road February 5, 6 a. in., and after crossing Hatch- ers Run the same afternoon on the Dinwiddie, wen tinto camp at 6 p. m. about a mile and a half beyond the junction of the Vaughan and Dinwiddie roads. At 10 p. m. the batteries broke camp and moved with the corps to Hatchers Run at the Vaughan road crossing, reach- ing that point about 4 a. m. February 6. In the fighting of that day near this point the batteries took no part, the ground occupied by the corps toward Dabneys Mill being too densely wooded to admit of the use of artillery. During the attack on the cavalry and on the brigades of Generals Winthrop and Sickel, on the left, Battery D, First New York Artillery, Capt. J. B. Hazel- ton commanding, was sent to that point, but before its arrival the enemy were rel)ulsed. Not a shot was fired by either of the batteries during the whole movement, except that by direction of Major-General Warren, about 4 p. in., February 7, Bvt. Maj. George Breck, command- ing Battery L, First New York Artillery, fired half a dozen shots toward a supposed position of the enemy near Dabneys Mill, with what effect not known. The batteries remained near the Vaughan road crossing until 10 a. m. February 11, when, being relieved by Batteries B, C, and E, First New York Artillery, they returned to the old camp near the Jerusalem plank road. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant R. H. FITZIIUGII, Brevet Lieutenant- Colonel, U. S. Volunteers. Lieut. FORD. MORRIS, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 116. Report of Bvt. Maj. Gen. Frank Wheaton, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, Sixth~ Army Corps, of operations February 58. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, SIXTH CORPS, February 14, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to report that at 8 p. m. of the 5th instant I received ordets from the corps commander to move to Hatchers Run with my division and report to General Humphreys, commanding Second Corps. While en route and near Fort Siebert a staff officer of General Humphreys brought me orders to form on and covering the Squirre Page 298 298 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Level road, on the right of a division of the Ninth Corps just going into position. A short time after the leading brigade arrived upon the ground we were to occupy, the right of the Ninth Corps was fixed, and this division line was then formed as follows: Third Brigade, Bvt. Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Hamblin, on the left, one regiment in reserve; the First Brigade, Lient. Col. E. L. Campbell commanding, on its right in one line, reaching nearly to the abatis at Fort Cununings, and the Second Brigade (Mackenzies), comman(led by Col. James Hubbard, Second Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery, in reserve, and in rear of the left of the line, which was near the Claypole house. The front was at once intrenched as ordered, and time troops held ready to meet an attack which was anticipated on our left. The troops were in positioii by 11.30 p. in., and two hours after an excellent rifle-pit had been constructed all along our flout and slashings made across the two swamps through which our line ran. No attack was made by the enemy and nothing of interest trans- pired during the remainder of the night or morning of the next day, the 6th. At 2.30 p. m. on the 6th General Humphreys directed me to move to the vicinity of tIme Cummings house on the Vaughan road, and hold my division in readiness to support a movement about to be made by General Warrens corps, the Fifth. The rear of the last brigade of this division had just reached tIme Cummings house when a staff~ officer from General Humphreys directed inc to move down the Vaughan road, and to sen(I a staff officer to General XVarieim to learn whether he wmshed the divmsion massed on the east or west side of Hatchers Rum. From the sound of firing on the left I supposed General Warrens troops to be engaged, and ordering the divisiomi to follow quickly I went to General Warrens headquarters in person to report and receive his instructions. General Warren was iiot at his headquarters, but I was directed by General Meade to move over Hatchers Run, and be in position to support the Fifth Corps on the Vaughaim road or elsewhere. Riding rapidly down the Vaughan road, I learned from Generals Gregg and Griffin that no re-enforcements were needed at that point of the line, and that they could hold their fronts without assistance. While receiving this informatiomm Major Fitzlmuglm, of General Warrens staff; who had just conme from the right of time line, where the Third Division of that corps ~vas emigaged, informed me that rt-enforcements were needed at that point. By this time the leading brigade had crossed hatchers Run, amid, guided by a staff officer of General Warren, was being conducted through the intrenchnments and on the road to Dab- imeys Mill. Leaving time assistant ad.jutant-general of the division to conduct it and follow me, I started ahead to learn the (~onditioml of affairs amid where General Warreim desired tIme (liviSion to form. Before leaving the head of the column the staff officer from General Warren who was guiding us stated that he was ordered to brimig to General Warren but one brigade. Orders were thmen given for the other two to form in the intrenchied line in our rear amid there await further instruc- tions. When three-quarters of a mile from the run, at about 5.30 p. in., the stragglers from the Third l)ivisiolm, Fiftim Corps, increased to such a number amid the changes of the sounds of fluimig indicatimmg to my mind some muisfortune to that divisiomi, I immediately ordered the Second Brigade imito line, which was but partially effected when t~e mass of the troops iii front caine rushing through the dense woods amid quite over us, amid it was with the greatest difficulty that the himme could be formed, so obstructed was it by the fugitives, who were deaf to every entreat Page 299 (1~HAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 299 of myself and staff and refused to rally on the flanks or in support of the brigade there forming. Squads, coinpa1iie~, and regiments xvent rapidly to the rear despite our greatest efforts to halt them. During this conftision I was joined by General Warren, who informed me that the line in front had broken irreparably. Up to this time there had been only skirmish firing, and no firing from a line of battle of the enemy upon my Second Brigade. While preparing to throw out skir- mishers to check his we received several volleys from a line of our own troops to our left rear, who, fortunately for us, fired too high. Most of the casualties reported occurred at this time, and I was com- pelled to withdraw from the woods to an open field some 300 yards in rear, in order to secure a better positiou and to avoid being slaughtered by our own men, who, on account of the darkness, were unable to dis- tinguish friend from foe. While we were being fired upon, Maj. R. P. Lincoln, the division inspector, had been dispatchea to General War- ren, who was close at hand, and informed him of our danger from his men, and through General Warrens exertions the firing was stopped. While moving to and reforming in the open field we were rapidly fol- lowed by time enemys skirmishers, and on thdt account, together with the increasing darkness and general comifusion, it was almost impossi- ble to form any line at all, and I think our success in re-establishing the line was in a great degree attributable to the personal exertiomis of Col. James Hubbard, Second Connecticut Heavy Artillery Volunteers, commanding Second Brigade, and Lieut. Col. E. Olcott, One hundred and twenty-first New York. Pearsons brigade, of Griffins divP4on, Fifth Corps, which joined us in the open field, was formed in excellent order on our left, and one of his Michigan regimnents and the One hun- dred and twenty-first New York from the Second Brigade of this divis- ion were deployed as skirmishers and the security of the new line insured, General Warren expressing himself very much gratified with the conduct of the Second Brigade of this division and Colonel Pear- sons brigade. About 10 p. m. General Winthrop with his brigade relieved time skirmishers in our fromit, and I was directed to withdraw my division to the east side of Hatchers IRun and mass in some con- venient place. The Second Brigade, joined by the First and Third Brigades, which had been in reserve in the intrenchmnents in the rear, was marched across Hatchers Run and went into bivouac near Cum- mings house. At 10 a. m. of the 7th I was directed by General Warren to mass a brigade in the open field, near his headquarters, east of Hatchers I~an. At 12 this same brigade (Third, General Hamblin) was ordered across to report to and support General Crawford. Tile Second Brigade, Colonel Hubbard, was then ordered to be massed in the field vacated by the Third. and at 1 p. m. it was ordered across the run and massed near the bridge to support the Third, if necessary. At 3 p. m. the First Brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, was massed in the open field, east of the run, vacated by the Second. The Second and Third Brigades were used as supports by General Crawford, but were not engaged At 12 p. m. orders to withdraw and rejoin the corps were received, and at 6 a. m. on the 8th the division reached its old camp on the right of the Sixth Corps, in the main line of works. The con- duct of the division in this movement was most satisfactory in all respects. The Second Brigade was muost actively employed and well comumanded by Col. James hubbard, Second Connecticut Heavy Artil- lery Volunteers Page 300 300 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. (CHAP. LVIII. Before closing this report I desire to call the attention of the corps commander to the gallant bearing of Lieut. Col. E. Olcott, One hnn- dred and twenty-first New York, who, on the evening of the 6th, under fire and during great confusion, took the colors of his regiment and leading them to the front did much to re-establish a line. This officer has commanded a regiment over a year; has been long commissioned as colonel, but cannot be mustered, as his regiment is small; has beeu recommended for the brevet of colonel for distiiigaished gaUantry while commanding a brigade at the battle of Cedar Creek, and in consider- ation of his abilities and services I should be pleased to see him bre- vetted to a higher grade. The following are the casualties during the period covered by the above report: 1 enlisted man killed, 21 wounded, and 5 missing; total, 27. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant FRANK WIIEAT6N, Brevet Major-General, U. S. Volunteers. Capt. C. II. WHITTELSEY, Assistant Adjutant- General, Sixtk Army Corps. No. 117. Report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Hamblin, Sixty-fifth New York Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, 9. operations March 25. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, F IRST DIVISION, SIXTH Conrs, March 27, 1865. COLONEL: In reply to your note of the 26th instant I have to report that on Saturday the 25th instant, about 8 a. in., in compliance with verbal orders through First Lieutenant Cooke, aide-dc-camp, this brig~ade was marched to the vicinity of headquarters of Major-General Parke, to support the Ninth Corps. The affair was over before our arrival. After about three hours delay the brigade was marched back, and massed iu reserve between Forts Wadsworth and Keene. Between 2 and 3 p in. marched to the front of Fort Fisher, forming line there with Third [First] Brigade, Second Division, commanded by Colonel War- ner, on left, and Third Brigade, First Division, on right, charged the enemys skirmishers in front, carried their line of pits, and pressed on about one-quarter of a mile beyond to a house near their main works. Finding the brigade far in advance, without supports on either side and exposed to a sharp fire from the enemy on my right flank, rallied and withdrew to a crest about 300 yards beyond the enemys old picket- line, connecting on either flank with the brigades above mentioned: Constructed pits for protection of pickets, detailed 175 men, properly officered, left behind as pickets, and at 1.30 a. m. of the 26th withdrew balance of command to camp, arriving at 2.30 a. m. Our losses, amounting to sixty-four killed and wounded, have already been reported in detail. The brigade captured rather more than 200 prisoners. The advance was under a sharp fire from the enemys sharpshooters on right flank, and heavy artillery practice from the enemys batteries on our left, which completely enfiladed my line. The command behaved admirably. Col. James Hubbard, command- ing Second Connecticut Volunteer Artillery; Maj. James W. Cronkit Page 301 Ci~. LVIII.) THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 301 commanding One hundred and twe~ity-first New York Volunteers, who had a horse shot under him; Maj. John A. Ward, commanding Ninety-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, who also lost a horse, and Capt. NI. Devine, commanding Sixty-fifth New York Volunteers, led their men with great coolness and bravery. To Maj. A. H. Feun, Capt. James Deane, and Capt. Charles II. Woodman, of my staff, I am largely indebted. The gallant manner in which they performed the arduous duties of the day, and fearlessly exposed themselves to its many perils, entitles them to special consideration. I have the honor to be, colonel, your obedient servant, JO. E. HAMBLIN, Brevet Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Oomdg. Brigade. Lient. Col. GEORGE CLENDENIN, Jr., Assistant Adjutant-General, First Division, Sixth Corps. No. 118. Report of Col. Oliver Edwards, Thirty-seventh Massachusetts infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations March ~f5. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FIRST Div., SIXTH ARMY CORPS, March 26, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to return the following report of yester- days (March 25) movements: At 7 a. m. I received orders from the general commanding the divis- ion to get under arms, and move at once to support a part of the Ninth Corps on our right, whose lines had been broken by the enemy. I accordingly moved at once, marching four miles to our right, halting by your orders. I remained there about two hours, when I received orders from you to return to camp. Before reaching camp I received orders from you to go on and mass between Forts Wadsworth and Fishei-, which we did, remaining there several hours, when I received orders from you to move to the left and to cover the right of the Second Brigade in an attack upon the enenmys skirmish works. Finding the -round in front of ilamblins right a bad swamp, covered with heavy underbrush, entirely impassable for a line of battle, I moved by the left flank in two lines, covering ilamblins right. On the inner edge of the swamp we found the~ enemy on Hamblins flank, amid quickly drove them out, capturing about 100 prisoners. I then changed front for- ward on my left regiment, continuing the line of the Second Brigade, using the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts to cover the right. ln this position the enemy soon moved to my right and rear, which obliged me to refuse my right nearly at a right angle to Hamblin, with a strong skirmish line of six companies of the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Volunteers and four companies of the Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers, under Lieutenant-Colonel Bull, Fifth Wiscomisin Volunteers. The enemy at- tacked with a double skirmish line, but were handsomely repulsed by our skirmishers. After dark orders were received from you to intrench our picket-line, which was accomplished by 12.30 a. in., wheu the bri- gade returned to camp, leaving 250 men on the picket-line. The brigade behaved entirely to my satisfaction, and I would partic- ularly mention the Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers, Col. T. S. Allen, an Page 302 302 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [Cnu~. LVIII. the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Volunteers, Maj. M. W. Tyler com- manding; also the members of my staff, to whom I am indebted for every aid and assistance. I herewith transmit a nominal list of the killed, wounded, and miss- ing of my command. Very respectfully, ybur obedient servant, 0. EDWARDS, Maj. GEORGE CLENDENIN, Jr., Colonel, Commanding. Assistant Adjutant- General. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIG., Fi~s~r Div., SIXTH ARMY CORPS, March 2G, 1865. MAJOR: In compliance with circular of this date from divisioii head- quarters, I have the honor to forward the following numerical report of casualties in this command in the engagement of the 25th: Killed. Wounded. Missing. Command. F a 2d Rhode Island volunteers 1 F 1 5th Wisconsin volunteers 5 6 37th Massachusetts volunteera 9 I 49th Pennsylvania Volunteers - 82d Pennsylvania volunteers 4 I ~ 119th Pennsylvania Yolunteers 4 5 Total 1 9 10 - 3 2~ Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. EDWARDS, Maj. GEORGE CLENDENIN, JR., Colonel, Commanding. Assistant Adjutant-Gcncrae. No. 119. Report of Col. James Al. lYarner, First Vermont Heavy Artillery, com manding First Brigade, & cond Dicision, o/~ operations March 25. HDQRS. FIRST BRIu., SECOND l)IVIsIoN, SIXTH CORPS, Harch 2.9, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of oper- ations of my command on the 25th instant: In the morning were distributed along the breast-works from Fort Wadsworth to Fort Tracy; at 2p. m. were massed at Fort Fisher. An hour later two regiments, the Ninety-third Pennsylvania Veteran Vol- unteers and the Sixty-second New York Veteran Volunteers, were sent to the assistance of the Third Brigade to the right and front of the fort, but in a few moments were driven back in disorder; the remaining two regiments wele at once moved to their assistance. At 5 p. m. wa Page 303 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 30& directed by General Getty to carry the enemys skirmish pits in our front. The line was formed in the following order from left to right: One hundred and second Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, One hun- died and thirty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, First Maine Veteran Volunteers, Ninety-third Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, and about fifty of the One hundred and twenty- second New York Volunteers. The behavior of the troops was admirable. The pits and a crest about 300 yards beyond was carried, capturing many prisoners. The following-named commissioned officers of the regiments displayed great personal gallantry iii leading their respective commands: Bvt. Col. John G. Parr, One hundred and thirty-ninth Pennsylvania Volun- teers; Bvt. Col. James Patchell, One hundred and second Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers; Lieut. Col. D. C. Keller, Ninety-third Pennsyl- vania Veteran Volunteers (who was severely wounded), of the First Brigade, and Lieut. (?ol. S. C. Fletcher, First Maine Veteran Volun- teers, and Maj. A. II. Clapp, One hundred and twenty-second New York Volunteers, of the Third Brigade. The Sixty-second New York Veteran Volunteers became detached from the brigade and did not par- ticipate in the charge. Capt. Edward A. Todd, acting assistant adju- tant-general; Capt. W. L. Pettit, acting assistant inspector-general; Lients. H. J. Nichols and B. F. Krieger, acting aides-de-camp, and Lieut. Hugh MclLwain, l)ioneer officer, rendered excellent service. Very respectfully, your obedient servaiit, J. M. WARNER, Eleren th Term out Volunteers, (JomIIanding Brigade. Bvt. Col. CHARLES MUNDEE. iNo. 124). Report of Lient. Col. Jo/tn U. Parr, (The hufl(lred and thirty-ninth Penn syirania infantry, of operations Miarch 25. HEADQUARTERS 139Th PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, March 25, 1865. SIR: In compliance with orders I have the honor to forward the fol- lowing report of the operations of the One hundred and thirty-ninth: About daylight of the 25th I received orders to pack up and be ready to move at a moments notice. Soon after another order came to fall in and move off, which was done, the regiment moving right in front in the direction of Fort Stedman, when we then moved by the left flank until we reached Fort Keene, where we were halted and remained until 2 p. in., when the brigade moved to the left of Fort Fisher, where we halted, my regiment being on the right and the One hundred aiid second Pennsylvania Volunteers on my left. At 3 p. in., according to orders, 1 followed the One hundred and second, and marched left in front, passing through the line of works, and advanced by the flank about 300 yards, and formed a line of battle connecting left with the One hundred and second, where we remained until 4 p. in., when we moved 500 or 600 yards to the right by the right flank, and again halted, resting my left near the white house, opposite Fort Fisher, where we soon after charged the enemys picket-works, carry- ing them. M~ right connected with the First Maine Veteran Volun- teers. The line, after a short rest, advanced to the crest of the hill Page 304 304 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [Ca~p. LVHL here halted a short time, engaging the enemy, and after a short rest advanced and drove the enemy into the main works, afterward falling back to the crest of the hill, and then threw up works. About 12 oclock at night my command was marched back to camp, leaving pickets to cover the front of my right and over it, driving the enemy into their maui works. There being no connection on the right or left, the regi. ment was compelled to fall back to this side of the hill, where they halted, and after a short rest threw up works, and remained in that position until ordered back to camp, where the regiment arrived between 12 and 1 oclock that night; the regiment being in command of Licut. Col. John G. Parr until near dark, when he was wounded and left the field and I then took command. * I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN G. PARR, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Capt. E. A. TODD9 Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 121. Re-port of Lient. Col. A masa AS~. Tracy, Second Vermont Infantry, Second Brigade, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS SECOND VERMONT VOLUNTEERS, March 28, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to report the following as the operations and moves of the Second Vermont Volunteers in the attack made on the enemys line, on the 25th instant: The brigade was massed in three lines. The Second Vermont Regi- ment was posted on the right of the third line. My instructions from Bvt. Maj. Gen. L. A. Grant were that the brigade was to snpport General Shaffers [Keifers] brigade, of the Third Division, which was to make the charge on the enemys line. My orders from General Grant were to wait until the second line of the brigade left the pits in front and then to niove forward, keeping about the same distance in their rear. The idea that I got from General Grants order to me was that we were not the chargiiig column, but the supporting column. But when the advance was ordered I saw no troops making the charge in that part of the line in front oi~ the Jones house bnt the Second Division, Sixth Army Corps. The Second Vermont Regiment charged in amid cap- tured the enemys line in front of the Jones house, supported imme- diately by the Third Brigade, Second Division. Seeing the enemy running in all directions to get out of our way, I ordered the Second Vermont Regiment to charge and take the Jones house, which was gallantly done. I should state here that one battalion of the Eleventh [First] Vermont Heavy Artillery joined my regiment (the Second Ver- mont Volunteers) and charged gallantly with it to the house. Finding that my regiment and the battalion of the Eleventh [First] Vermont Heavy Artillery were the only troops that had advanced beyond the works and that we could do no good by remnaining at the house, I ordered my regiment back to the earth-works we had captured, keeping skirmish So recorded in regimental letter-book, but Lieutenant-Colonel Parr signed the report. Maj. James McGregor appears to have been the next in command Page 305 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 305 ers out near the house. Afterward, finding that the enemys sharp- shooters were using the house for a protection, I sent men out with orders to burn it, which was immediately done. Many prisoners came in through our lines as we were advancing, but having no men to spare to take charge of them, and knowing them to be going where there were plenty men to take charge of them, I felt no inclination to stop my men for that purpose. I cannot close without reporting the conduct of both officers and men of the Second Vermont Regiment as being gallant, brave, and daring; in short, such as their previous history has been during the war. I can- not say too much in their praise. The loss of the regiment was 2 men killed and 8 wounded. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. S. TRACY, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Second Vermont Volunteers. Capt. M. I3ARBER, Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Brigade. No. 12~. Report of Lient. Col. Horace W. Floyd, Third Vermont infantry, com- manding Tit ird and Fourth Vermont h~,fantry, oJ operations March 25. IIDQRS. THIRD AND FOURTH VERMONT VOLUNTEERS, March 28, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to report the following as the part taken by my command during the engageineiit of the 25th instant: In connection with the other regiments in the brigade my command was fornied in line of battle in front of the breast-works and between Forts Welch and Fisher, as a support to the Secomid Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Corps, who were then in our front and in the works used by our pickets. My orders were as follows: That a signal for a movement was to be given and that the troops in our front would then move on the enemys works, and I was to move forward and occupy the works vacated by them. The signal being given I ordered may command forward, and upon reaching the works where I was to halt I found the troops had not left, and, therefore, instead of halting I passed over them and reached the enemys works in advance of any of the attacking party, capturing all the enemys pickets in my front. 1 was well supported by the Eleventh Vermont, who reached the works nearly as soon as did my comlnand. The troops that we passed came up soon after we had taken the line. I was relieved about dark by a regiment from the Third Division, and my commamid taken a short dis- tance to the rear, where I remained as a support until 11 p. in., when I was ordered to camp. The casualties were few in both regiments. The officers and men behaved admirably. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. W. FLOYD, Commanding Third and Fourth Vermont Volunteers. Capt. M. BARBER, Assistant Adjutant- Generc i. 2(1 R RYOL XLYI~ PT Page 306 306 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII No. 123. Report of Licut. Cot. Ronald A. Kennedy, E~fth Vermont infantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH VERMONT VETERAN VOLUNTEERS, March 27, 1865. I have the hoiior to report the following as the part taken by the Fifth Regiment Vermont Veteran Volunteers op the 25th instant: As the brigade was massed before the advance commenced the Fifth formed the left of the third line. The first advance was to the work occupied by the first line; the second was to the crest, out the left of the small work in which were the mortars. After lying here until 5 p. m. we were ordered to move to the front and right of the house situated on the old picket-line to await further orders. In obedience to further orders the regiment returned to camp at 11 p. m. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. KENNEDY, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. E~fth Vermont Veteran Volunteers. Capt. M. BARBER, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 124. Rqort of Lient. Col. Sumner H. Lincoln, Sixth Vermont infantry, of operations March 25. hEADQUARTERS SIXTH VERMONT VOLUNTEERS, March 28, 1865. SIR: In compliance with circular from headquarters Vermont brigade. I have the honor to make the following report of the part performed by the Sixth Vermont Volunteers on the 25th instant: The regiment, after being under arms for several hours, moved from the rear of the works in our immediate front, passing through the works at the left of Fort Fisher. After advancing by the flank about 100 yards I halted in a ravine and in rear of the Third and Fourth Regiments. I moved forward from this point on a double-quick, being at the left and on line with the Third and Fourth Regiments. We advanced with a good line 400 yards, and halted in rear of a line of earth-works. I received orders not to advance farther, and remained in that position until 5 p. in., when I was ordered to the right and front of the Boswell house, where I remained umitil or(lered to camp. The regiment was under fire for at least five hours, yet we lost but one man wounded. Officers and men behaved with their usual gallantry. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. H. LINCOLN Licutena n t- Colonel Sixth Vermont Volunteers. Capt. M. BARBER, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 307 CHM. LYHI.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN 307 No. 125. Report of Lieut. Cot. Charles Hunsdon, First Vermont ileavy Artillery, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS FIRST VERMONT ARTILLERY, March 28, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the First Vermont Artillery in the engagement of March 25: The brigade was massed a little to the left and front of Fort Fisher, the Third, FouAh, and Sixth Regiments in the front line. The Fifth Regiment was next in order, when I put my command in the column, but was moved out, leaving my regiment second, the second battalion in front, which, when the charge began, was moved by the left flank to uncover the first battalion. The regiment then moved forward to occupy the position of the Third, Fourth, and Sixth, as ordered. I was unable to halt the first battalion. The second bat- talion was ordered forward, and moved directly on the enemys out- works, which was carried in good style. The first battalion became detached, and in connection with the Second Vermont charged over the works on the right of the brigade line and carried the crest by the house (now burned). The colors of the Second Vermont were planted just at the left end of the house; those of the first battalion on its right, both regiments occupying this position at the same time. Being under a galling fire of artillery and infantry, unsupporte4 on the right~ and left (being the only troops that advanced thus far), Lieutenant- Colonel Tracy, the senior officer present, ordered the line to fall back to the works, which was done in good order and without loss, skir- mishers being left in the advance pits commanding the house, and remained until the brigade was withdrawn from the line. in conclusion, I cannot speak too highly of both officers and men of the regiment, who, with hardly an exception, performed their duty nobly. Very respectfully submitted. C IJARLES HUNSDON, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding First Vermont Artillery. Capt. N. BARBER, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 126. Report of Licut. Cot. George B. Damon, Tenth Vermont Infantry, First Brigade, Third Division, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS TENTH VERMONT VOLUNTEERS, April 1, 1865. MAJOR: I have the honor to report that at about 2 p. m. on the 25th of March ultimo, by direction of Brigadier-General Seymour, command- ing the division, I proceeded to the picket-line of the division in front of Forts Fisher and Welch, and relieved temporarily the division officer of the day, and assumed command of the picket-line for the pur- pose of making an attack upon the pickets of the enemy. Our picket Page 308 308 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. line was composed of about 160 men of the Fourteenth New Jersey on the right and 230 of the Tenth Vermont on the left, the whole line beiiig nearly one mile in length, with open ground on the right half, while the left portion of the line was immediately in rear of a narrow belt of woods. The picket-line of the enemy was strongly intrenched behind earth-works and at an average distance of 300 yards. The One hun- dred and twenty-second and One hundred and tenth Regiments of Ohio Volunteers were also placed under my command as a supporting column, and were formed 100 yards in rear of the right center of the picket-line. At 3 oclock the order for advance was given, when the whole line moved forward at a double-quick, the two Ohio regiments above-named moving at the sanme time. At several points the position of the enemy was reached, but they delivered so severe a musketry fire from their breast-works, their forts, a few hundred yards in rear, open- ing on us at the same time with artillery, that we were finally compelled to retire, which we did in good order, to the origiiial line. Preparations were then made for a second charge. The right portioii of the picket- line was strengthened by the One hundred and twenty-second and One hundred and tenth Ohio Regiments and the Sixty- seventh Pennsylvania, Sixth Maryland, Ninth New York Heavy Artillery, and One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio Regiments were formed in rear as a supporting column, the whole under the imumimediate direction of Brevet Brigadier- General Keifer. On this charge I took command of the left portion of the pmcket-line, composed of 230 men of my own regiment (time Tenth Verniont). 4t about 4 p. in., at a given signal, the whole line, together with the supporting column, advanced and carried the intremiched works of the enemy, capturimig nearly the entire picket force on our front, and held their intrenched line. Omi this second charge my regiment captured 160 prisoners, among whom were several officers. The casualties in the Tenth Vermont were 2 enlisted mnen killed and 4 wounded. I have no informatiomi as to the casualties which occurred in the other reginients emigaged in the attack. At about sunset on the rame afternoon, by direction of General Sey- mour, I proceeded to the extreme left of the picket-line of the division with a section of the Third New York Independent Battery, under charge of Lient. George P. Fitzgerald, aiid 150 men of the Fifth Vermont, under command of Major Cole, of that regiment, for the pur- pose of dislodging a body of the enemys sharpshooters, who were in and about a house situated on the rebel picket-line and a little to tIme left of the rifle-pits captured by us, front which positiomi they were enabled to annoy our men by an enfilading fire. This section of artillery was placed in position on an open piece of groumt d at about 600 yards frommi the house above-named, and opened fire with both solid shot aiid shell, riddling the house and driving everything from it. Imnmediately on the left of this house, however, in the woods, was a heavy fom-ce of the enemy, then severely engaged with the Second Corps. A brigade of the Second Corps was in line of battle on the open ground where this section of artillery was posted, the commanding officer of which declimmed to move his troops to occupy the house, upon my al)l)lication, stating that if they moved they would probably be attacked by a superior fot-ce from the left flank and be compelled to fall back. Under these circumstances I deemed it imprudent, without further advice, to attempt to take and hold the position with the small force under may command. Majom- Cole and Lieutenant Fitzgerald were therefore directed to report back to their commands Page 309 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 309 Although subjected to both musketry fire and artillery, which opeued from the enemys main line, Lieutenant Fitzgerald behaved most gal- lantly, and ~vorked his gulls in the most admirable manner. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEORGE B. DAMON, Lieutenant- Colonel Tenth Vermont Volunteers. Bvt. Maj. A. J. S~iim, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. (Thu., Third J)irision, Sixth Army Corps. No. 127. Report of Bet. Brig. Gem J. Warren Kejer, One hundred an(i tenth Ohio Infantry, eommandtng Second Brigade, of operations Miarch 25. Hn~ns. SECOND RinG., Tinun Div., SIXTH A~MY CORPs, Camp at Burkeville, Ira., April 16, 186.5. MAJOR: I have the honor to transmit the following report of the part taken by this brigade on the 25th of March, 1865, in the charge upon and capture of the enemys intrenched picket-line near Forts Fisher and Welch, in front of Petersburg, Va.: This brigade, save the One hundred and thirty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, occupied the line of works including Forts Fisher, Welch, and Gregg, and was sitnated about three-quarters of a mile from the enemys fortifications. The enemys picket-line was strongly in trenched and manned by an unusually large number of men. About 1 p. m. of the 25th ultimo I received an order from Brig. Gen. T. Seymour, com- manding division, to send two regiments to supJ)ort our picket-line in an attack upon the picket-line of the enemy. I accordingly ordered the One hundred and tenth and One hundred and twenty-second Ohio Regiments, commanded respectively by Bvt. Col. 0. II. Binkley and Lient. Col. C. M. Cornyn, to move outside the works tbr the purpose ordered. Colonel Binkley was directed to take command of both regi- mnents. The picket of our division was composed of troops from the Tenth Vermont and Fourteenth New Jersey Regiments, of the First Brigade. Lieutenant-Colonel Damon, Tenth Vermont Volunteers, had been charged with the movement of the picket. The attack was made, but the greater portion of the pickets failed to advance. The two Ohio regiments moved forward, but being unsupported on either flank they halted before reaching the enemys line, and subsequently retired to our own intrenched line. Both regiments met with considerable loss. Orders were then received by me to take charge of the troops and make the desired capture. I at once moved out the Sixty-seventh Pennsyl- vania Regiment, one battalion Ninth New York Heavy Artillery, and portions of the Sixth Maryland and One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio Regiments, and under a severe fire from the enemy pushed them forward to our intrenched line, preparatory to making time charge. About 3 p. in., at a given signal, the troops charged, and without halting to fire passed over the enemys lines, capturing over 200 pris- oners. In the last charge the picket-line from the Tenth Vermont went forward in good style. Col. B. F. Smith, One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio, Bvt. Col. 0. H. Binkley, One hundred and tenth Ohio, Lient. Cols. C. M. Cornyn, One hundred and twenty-second Ohio, and James W. Snyder, Nint Page 310 310 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. New York Heavy Artillery, and Maj. C. K. Prentiss, Sixth Maryland, led their men with great gallantry. Byt. Lieut. Col. Aaron Spangler, One hundred and tenth Ohio Volunteers, received a severe wound in the leg while gallantly urging the nien forward in the last charge. Lieutenant-Colonel Damon, Tenth Vermont, did his duty nobly. Capt. Simon Dickerhoof, One hundred and thirty-eighth Pennsylvania, who was division officer of the day at that time, also showed great coolness and gallantry. Notwithstanding a heavy artillery fire from the enemys guns was concentrated upon the troops the captured line was held. It subse- quently proved to be of great benefit to the corps by enabling troops to be formed behind it for an assault upon the enemys main works. Copies of regimental reports are herewith transmitted. A summary of casualties is hereto appended. I am, major, your obedient and humble servant, J. WARREN KEIFER, Brevet Brigadier- General. Bvt. Maj. 0. V. TRACY, Acty. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Division, Sixth Army Corps. Numerical list of casualties in Second Briqade, Tldrd Division, Sixth Army Corp8, March 25, 18G5. Killed. woun(led. Missing. Total. a Command. a . a . a a ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 110th Ohio volunteers 4 1 16 1 20 21 122d Ohio Volunteers 1 23 24 24 126th Ohio volunteers 1 4 5 5 67th Pennsylvania Vohunteurs 2 Ii 2 15 15 138th Pennsylvania Xoluulute(rs 6th Maryland Volnuiteers 1 2 3 3 9th New York Heavy Artillery . 35 35 35 Total 9 1 91 2 1 102 103 No. 128. Rcport of Licut. Col. Joseph C. Hill, Sixth Maryland I~frtntry, of oper ations March 25. IIDQRS. SIXTH REGiMENT MARYLAND VOLUNTEERS, April 16, 1865. CAPTAIN: In the absence of Maj. C. K. Prentiss, who was at that time in command of the regiment, I have the honor to submit the fol- lowing report of the operations of the command on the 25th ultimo: On the morning of the 25th the command was aroused by heavy fir- ing on the right of our line, held by the Ninth Corps. The command was immediately formed and moved into the works, Companies A, G, I, and K being detached to garrison Fort Gregg, under the immediate command of Capt. John J. Bradshaw. We remained in our works under arms until about 2 p. in., when tile colunI amId (less the fort garri- son) filed out of the works formerly occupied by our picket-line an Page 311 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 311 formed line of battle. The line thus formed consisted of the One hun- dred and twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteers, Sixty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and the Sixth Maryland Volunteers. The signal to move forward was the waving of the brigade flag from the parapet& of Fort Fisher. At the given signal the line moved forward, and, with a shout of victory, we entered and occupied the enemys works, Color-Sergt. Robert Spence, Company B, being the first man in the works, and planted our starry banner thereon, shortly after which he was wounded in the neck by a bullet from the enemy, but I am happy to say is doing well at present and is in a fair way to recover. Great praise is due Maj. C. K. Prentiss for distinguished bravery on this occasion, he being one among the first officers to enter the enemys works. In this engagement we lost in killed one man (First Sergt. Michael ilallorn, Company E, a brave and meritorious soldier). We lost in wounded four enlisted men. I most respectfully call your attention to the following-named officers and soldiers who distinguished themselves for bravery on that occasion: Maj. C. K. Prentiss, First Lieut. Samuel W. Angel, First Lient. Fred- erick K. Bryan, for being the first officers in the enemys works. Color- Sergt. Robert Spence, Color-Corpl. William J. Brown, for planting the first colors on the enemys works. Sergt. John E.Buffington, Company C; First Sergt. Whitfield Stansbury, Company C; Corpl. Jonas Frock, Company C, for dashing ahead of the line over the works amid demand- ing the surrender of a number of rebels, and bringing them in as pris- oners of war. Sergt. Maj. Frederick Boltze, for encouraging and rally- ing the men. Private Elisha L. Kirk, Company B, for capturing and bringing in a number of prisomiers. Corpl. Christopher C. McCullough, Company B; Private Marion Gillespie, CompanyB; Corpl. Amos Davis, Company II; Private George Damuth, Company D; Private Cyrus P. Willhide, Company D, for volunteering to advance and occupy rebel sharpshooters pits in our front, thereby preventing them from leaving their main line of works and forming a skirmish line in our front uirtml after dark. In conclusion, allow me to say that the Sixth Regiment Maryland Volunteers on that occasion acquitted herself with honor to her com- mand, honor to her State and to her country at large. I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. C. HILL, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. Sixth Regiment Maryland Volunteers. Capt. W. L. SHAW, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Brigade. No. 129. Report of Lieut. (Jol. James W. Snyder, Ninth New York Heavy Artil lery, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS NINTH NEW YORK ARTILLERY, April 16, 1865. I have the honor to report the following to be the part taken by the NinTh New York Artillery in the assault upon the enemys picket-line in front of Petersburg, March 25, 1865: Two battalions of the regiment were sent into Fort Fisher to repel any attack in case we should be driven back to our main works. The other battalion was formed in line in rear of our picket-line. W Page 312 312 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. Lviii. advanced in good order, under a heavy fire of musketry, to our picket- line, where we halted for about thirty minutes, when at a given signal we charged across a deep marsh or swamp. The battalion occupying the extreme left of the line, being some [what] farther from the enemys line than the other portions of the line, did not reach it as soon as the other parts, but we were not far behind, capturing the rebel pickets in our front. Sergt. Cornelius Flannery, Company I, particularly distinguished himself in the assault by his bravery; Capts. Chauncey Fish and Henry J. Rhodes (the latter having been wounded, but would not leave the field) deserve great credit for their gallantry, and for their exertions in urging the men forward to the assa tilt. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. W. SNYDER, Capt. W. L. SHAW, Lieutenant. Colonel, Commanding. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 130. Report of Bet. Col. Otho if. Binkley, One hundred and tenth Ohio lofan try, of operations March 25. hEADQUARTERS 110TH OHIo VOLUNTEERS, April iG, 18G5. CAPTAIN: In compliance with orders I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the One hundred and tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the attack upon the enemys picket-line, March 25, 1865: On the 25th, at about 1 p. in., the picket-line in front of the Second Brigade, under the direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Damon, of the Tenth Vermont Volunteers, received orders to attack and carry the rebel picket-line in front. The One hundred and tenth and One hundred and twenty-second Ohio Regiments, under my command, were sent out as a sup~)ort, with instructions that if the picket-line failed to take that of the enemy the two regiments should advance and take it. When the order was given for the picket-line to advance, only, a portion of it went forward, and the hue was not taken. I then ordered the two regiments forward on the double-quick with bayonets fixed, and would have car- ried the enemys line, which was strongly fortified, but when we had gotten within about 150 yards of the works the shortness of our line exposed us to a severe flank fire, and we were compelled to fall back a few rods to a line of rifle-pits. Other troops of the brigade were then sent out by General Keifer and formed on our right and left. making the line mud longer, which had the effect ~o draw the fire from our flanks. Another charge was then made under a destructive fire, and the enemys lines taken, with nearly all their pickets, most of whom threw down their arms and surrendered. The One hundred and tenth Regiment in the assault had 4 enlisted men killed and 16 wounded. Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Span gler was severely wounded through the thigh. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. II. BINKLEY, Brevet Colonel 110th Ohio Volunteers, Commanding Regiment. Capt. WILLIAM L. SHAW, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2d Brig., 3d Div., Sixth Aimy Corps Page 313 CHAP. LVIIIj THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 313 No. 131. Report of Lient. Col. Charles M. Corn yn, One hundred and twenty-see- ou(l Ohio lofantry, of operations ~lfarch 25. HEADQUARTERS 122D Onio VOLUNTEERS, April 16, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that on the 25th of March last I received orders to have my regiment fall in and march out in rear of the One hundred and tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Colonel Binkley, and form line on their right, in rear of the reserve picket-post of the Third Division, sixth Army Corps, which was imme- diately in front of the camps of the Second Brigade of that division, and within gunshot of the enemys picket-line. Arriving there with my regiment in heavy marching order, I learned that these regiments were to charge the enemys picket-lines. I had my men unsling knap- sacks and pile them on the field and prepare for the charge, with bayonets fixed. The ground over which we had to charge was marshy, and covered with brush, which impeded much the rapidity of the advauce. Receiving the order froni Colonel Binkley to forward, march, a triumphant shout went up from the whole line, and all started on the double-quick for the enemys works, from behind which heavy vol- leys of musketry were poured into the line as it advanced. Arriving at a point over half way between our and the enemys picket-line, a check was given to the advance by the increased fire from the enemy, amid the opening of their artillery, and an immediate fall-back took place. Many soldiers, securing themselves as well as possible behind stumps and other obstructions, remained in their advanced positions rather than expose themselves to the enemys fire in endeavoring to get to the rear. Being reorganized after the fall-back, we were re-enforced by the One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Inthntry, Ninth New York, Sixth Maryland, and Sixty-seventh Pennsylvania; formed for the sec- ond charge, which was to commence the advance at the waving of the Second Brigade flag from the reserve post. At the given signal all started with a yell, fully determined this time to go through, and noth- ing but the natural obstructions could or did impede our advance, and I take pleasure iii saying that the colors of the One hundred and twenty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry were the second planted on the ~enemys works; this, considering the ground over which we charged, is creditable to the color bearer of this regiment (Sergt. Peter Mast). A list of casualties has already beeim forwarded.* The officers and men of the regiment did their parts nobly, and maintained their character as goo~1 soldiers of the Second Brigade, Thud I)ivision, Sixth Ar my Corps. Respectfully, yours, C. M. COIINYN, Lieutenant- Colonel, Corndg. 122d Ohio Volunteer Ii~fantry. [Capt. WILLIAM L. SnAw, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General.]____ _________________________ Shows 1 man killed ~~d 23 men wounded Page 314 314 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [Cuip. LVIII. No. 132. Report of Lient. Col. Thomas W. illicKinnie, One hund~-ed and tuenty sixth Ohio lifantry, of operations March 25. HEADQUARTERS 126TH Oiiio VOLUNTEERS, April 17, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have respectftffly to forward the following report of the part taken by my command in the assault of the enemys picket-line on the 25th ultimo: At daylight on the morning of the 25th ultiino the regiment was placed under arms in the trenches and remained thus until 12 m. The regiment, except two officers and 100 men left to garrison Fort Welch, was ordered through the works and passed to the reserve picket-line post, where it halted. About 1 p. m. orders were received to move out to the picket-line and take position on the left of the Sixth Mary- land Volunteers, which was to precede this regiment in gaining this J)OsitiOn. This was accomplished by moving by the flank to within 100 yards of the picket-line, coming to a front, and moving directly for- ward under a vigorous fire from the enemys picket-line. After remain ing in this position about half an hour, the assault, upou the signal being given, was made with great promptness. Time regiment leaped over our intrenched picket-line and rushed upon the rebel line under a heavy line of musketry, capturing almost all of the enemys pickets in our front. Our loss in this engagement was one enlisted man killed by one of our own shells and four enlisted men womimded. The behavior of the officers and men on this occasion could not have been better. Very respectfully, your obediemit servant, T. W. McKINNJE, Lie a ten ant- Colonel, Oomrnandinq. Capt. WILLIAM L. SHAW, Acting Assistant A ~(juta at- General. No. 133. Report of Maj. William G. Williams, One hnndred and twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry, commanding Sixty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. IIDQRS. SIXTY-SEVENTH REGT. PENNSYLVANIA VoLs April 16, 1865. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following statement of the part in which the Sixty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers was engaged on the 25th ultimo: Time regiment formed the line of battle about txventy-five yards in rear of the Sixth Maryland and One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteers, who formed the front line of battle. The regiment was ordered to charge the enemys picket-line at the same time as the pre- ceding regiments. It being the first time that the greater part of the regiment had ever been under fire, they were somewhat confused for a momemmt, as the enemy had a very strong picket-line and my regiment had to advance under a severe fire of musketry from the enemy. Sergt. William A. Ilager, of Company E, who carried time national colors, made himself conspicuous in this engagement; the flag-staff wa Page 315 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. ~i5 half shot off close to his left hand and twenty-two balls passed through the colors, but the sergeant planted his flag on the light works which the enemy had thrown up quite as soon as color-sergeants of the regi- ments preceding him. Out of 511 in this engagement the regiment lost 2 killed and 11 wounded. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. G. WILLIAMS, Major 126th Ohio Vols., Comdg. 67th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. W L. SHAW, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2d Brig., 3d Dir., 6th Army Corp.~. No. 134. Reports of JW0. Gen. John G. Parke, U. S. Army, commanding Ninth Army Corps, of operations February 57 and March 25. HEADQUARTERS NINTh ARMY CORPS, February 14, 1865. COLONEL: In compliance with instructions from headquarters Army of the Potomac, I have the honor to submit the fblhowing report of the operations of this corps during the movement of the 5th, 6th, and 7th instant: At 1 oclock on the morning of the 5th I received the circular order from. headquarters of the army, directing me to hold my command in readiness to move at short notice, anticipating that the movement to be ordered will consist of the withdrawal of all the troops, except the minimum number necessary to maintain the picket-line and the gar- rison of the works. At this time our front extended from the Appomattox to Battery 24, and was held by the First and Second Divisions, with the Third Division in reserve. All the preparations were at once made for the movement. At 1.45 p. m. of the 5th I received an order to send General llartranfts divi~ion (the Third) down the Vaughan road to report to Major-General llumphreys at Hatchers Run. General Hart- rauft moved his division as rapidly as possible and reported to Major- General Humphreys at S p. m. General Hartranfts report is forwarded herewith. In compliance with instructions Colonel Brainerd, command- ing Engineer Brigade, at City Point, reported to inc with his command during the eveni~~g of the 5th, and was posted as a reserve iii the vicin- ity of the Avery house. On the following day this brigade was moved to the left and directed to report to Major-General Getty, commanding Sixth Corps. The Third Division, General Hartranft commanding, returned dur- ing the night of tIme 10th and took up their old l)osition. On the fol- lowing morning the divisions holding the front lines were extended to the heft as far as Fort Howard, and are now holding the line from the Appomattox to that point. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. G. PARKE, Major- General, Commanding. Col. GEORGE D. IIUGGLES, Assistant Adjutant- General, Army of the Potomac Page 316 31~ N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIIL IIEADQITARTERS NINTH ARMY CORPS, March 25, 1865. GENERAL: The enemy attacked my flout this morning at about 4.30, with three divisions, under command of General Gordon. By a sud- den rush they seized the line held by the Third Brigade, First Division, at the foot of the hill to the right of Fort Stedman, wheeled, and over- powering the garrison, took possession of the fort. They established themselves on the hill, turning our gnus upon us. Our troops on either flank stood firm. Soon after a determined attack was made on Fort ilaskell, held by part of MeLaughlens brigade, Wilicoxs division, and was repulsed with great loss to the enemy. The First Brigade, of llartranfts division, held in reserve, was brought up, and a check given to any farther advance. One or two attempts to retake the hill were made, and were only temporarily successful until the arrival of the Second Brigade, when a charge was made by that brigade, aided by the troops of the First Division on either flank, and the enemy were driven out of the fort with the loss of a number of prisoners, estimated at about 1,600; 2 battle-flags have also been brought in. The enemy also lost heavily in killed outside of our lines. The whole line was immediately reoccupied, and the guns retaken uninjured. I regret to add that General McLaughhen was captured in Fort Sted- man. Our loss was otherwise not heavy. Great praise is due to Genci-al Ilartranft for the skill and gallantry displayed in handling his division, which behaved with great spirit in this its first engagement. JNO. (1. PAIIKE, Bvt. Maj. Gen. A. S. WEBB, Major-General. Chief of Staff. JJEAI)QUARTERS NINTH ARMY CORPS April 20, 1865. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of my command in the action of March 25 ultimo: The line held by this corps extended from the Appomattox on the right, with pickets stretching some three miles down the river, to Fort Howard on the left, a distance of about seven mnihes. The line was occupied by the First Division, Bvt. Maj. Gen. 0. B. Wilhcox command- ing, extending from the Appomattox to Fort Meikel, and the Second Division, Bvt. Maj. Gen. It. B. Potter commanding, extending from Fort Meikel to Fort howard. The Third Division, Brig. Gen. J. F. Ilartranft commanding, was held in reserve, its right regiment being posted near the Dunn House Battery, and its left regiment between Forts Hays and Howard. The intrenchrnents held by Willcoxs divis- ion and the First Brigade of Potters, were very nearly as placed when the positions were originally gained by our troops, under fire, and in so close proximity to the enemy that the work was necessarily very defect- ive. This was especially the case with Fort Stedman, where our line crossed the Prince George Court-House road. This is a small work without bastions, with Battery No. 10 immediately adjoining, the bat- tery open in the rear, amid the ground in rear of the fort nearly as high as its parapet. The opposing lines are here about 150 yards apart, the picket-lines about fifty yards. This l)ortioIL of the line was held by the Third Brigade, First Division, Bvt. Brig. Gen. N. B. lVlcLaughlen com- manding Page 317 CHAP. LVIII.] 317 THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. About 4.30 oclock on the morning of March 25 last, the enemy assaulted this front with Gordons corps, re-enforced by Bushrod Johnsons division. At 4 a. m. the picket-line had been visited by the captain of the picket, who found the men on the alert and discovered no signs of movement by the enemy. Taking advantage of the order allowing deserters to bring their arms with them, the enemy sent for- ward squads of pretended deserters, who, by this ruse, gained possession of several of the picket-posts. They were closely followed by a strong storming party of picked men; this, by three heavy columns. The picket-line was overpowered after one discharge of their pieces. The trench guard, though stoutly resisting, was unable to withstand the rush of numbers, and the main line was brokemi between Batteries 9 and 10, near No. 10. The enemy turned to the right and left hand, the right column soon gaining Battery 10, which is open in the rear, thus acquiring great advantage for an assault on Fort Stedman. The garrison of Stedmnan, consisting of a battalion of the Fourteenth New York Heavy Artillery, under Major lilandall, made a spirited resistance, but being attacked in front, tiank, and rear, was overpow- ered and most of it captured. The artillery in the fort, consisting of four light 12s, discharged a dozen rounds of canister before being taken. These guns, as well as those in Battery 10, were at once turned upon us. The enemy then pushed gradually along the hues toward Fort Haskell, driving out the troops holding Batteries 11 and 12, neither of which are inclosed works. It was still quite dark, which circumstance greatly augmented the difficulty of formation to check the progress of the enemy, it being almost impossible to dis- tinguish between friend and foe, and made the use of artillery upon them impracticable at any distance. At the first alarm General McLaughhen sent members of his staff to the various positions on his front, and himself proceeded to Fort Haskell, thence along the line to Stedman. He found that our troops had been driven from Battery 11. He directed Mortar Battery 12 to open on it, and sent for the Fifty-ninth Massachusetts, and on its arrival recaptured Battery 1 1 by a bayonet charge. lIe then proceeded to Fort Stedmiman and was there taken prisoner. As soon as it became evident at mny headquarters that the enemy were attacking, I dispatched aides-de-camup to communicate with Gen- erals Willcox and McLaughlen, ordered General Hartranft to concen- trate his right brigade and re-enforce General Willeox, and ordered General Tidball, chief of artillery, to place his reserve batteries in position on the hills in rear of the point attacked. On receiving a report from General Willcox and fromu members of my own staff of the state of affairs, I ordered up Geveval Hartranfts other brigade, informed General Willcox that he would be re-enforced by the Third Division, amid directed him to at once reoccupy the works taken. General Hart- ranft concentrated his division with commemmdable promptitude, his left regiment having to move a distance of five miles, line in the meantime ~)romptly and gallantly attacking with a regiment of his right brigade, the Two hundredth Peminusylvania, assisted by detachments from McLaughlens and Elys brigades, of Willeoxs division, checking the enemys skirmishers, who were advancing toward Meades Station, and driving them back to the himme of works. The columnn of the emmemy which turned to tIme heft hand after enter- ing our line, proceeded ahong the trenches in the direction of Battery No. 9, taking the Fifty-seventh Massachusetts in hank and rear, and driving theum from the tremmches. The left of the Second Michigan, th Page 318 ~18 N. AND SE. VA, N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. left regiment of Elys brigade, of Wilicoxs division, was also somewhat broken, but the regiment promptly rallied, and fought the enemy over the traverses so stoutly that time was gained to bring up re-enforce- ments from the right of the brigade, and form a strong line perpendic- ular to the intrenchments, with right restiiig near Battery 9. This line of troops, assisted by the artillery from No. 9, No. 5, and McGilvery, repulsed with loss a heavy assault on Battery 9, and stopped all farther advanee of the enemy in that directibn. The picket-line was held up to a point to the left of Battery 9 throughout the engagement. The rebel column which moved from Fort Stedman toward Fort Has- kell met no better success. It gained temporary possession of Mortar Batteries 11 and 12, but the garrisons of those works, the Twenty- ninth Massachusetts and One hundredth Penn sylvania, quickly rallied oii the left, and formed in conjunction with troops withdrawn from his left by Colonel Harriman, commanding First Brigade, Willcoxs divis- ion, a line perpendicular to the intrenchmeuts, connecting on their right with Hartranfts troops and with left resting near Fort Ilaskell, checking all farther progress of the enemy, and slowly driving him back. He made several desperate assaults on Fort Haskell, but was bloodily iepulsed. At 7.30 a. m. the position of affairs was this: We had regailled Bat- teries 11 and 12, and had drawn a cordon of troops around Fort Sted- man and Battery 10, forcing the masses of the enemy back into those works where they were exposed to, and suffered greatly from, a concen- trated fire from all the artillery in position bearing on those points and the reserve batteries on the hill in rear. This cordon was composed of Hartranfts division, with regiments from McLaughlens and Elys brigades on either flank. General Hartranft, to whom I had confided the task of recapturing ihe fort, made his dispositions with great coolness and skill, amid at about 7.45 a. m. advanced his whole line. His troops, the vast majority of them new men, for the first time under fire, charged with great spirit and resolution, the veterans on the flanks behaving with their accustomed gallantry, and carrie(l the fort with comparatively small loss. The cross infaiitry and artillery fire upon the space between the opposing lines deterred many of the enemy from attempting to escape, and caused severe loss among those who made the trial. Nineteen hui~- dred and forty-nine prisoners, including seventy-one commissioned offi- cers, nine stand of colors, and many small-arms, fell into our hands. The whole line taken from us was at once reoccupied, and all damage repaired during the following night. We lost no guns or colors. I reported the state of affairs to army headquarters, by telegraphic dispatches to Brevet Major-General Webb, chief of staff, at 5.30, 5.40, 5.45, and 6.05 a. ni., but received no reply until the following, at 6.10, from Colonel Barstow, assistant adjutant-general: General Meade is iiot here aiid the command devolves on you. S. If. BARSTOW. This was the first intimation I had of General Meades abseiice and that I was in conimand of the whole line. It was reported to me that telegraphic communnication with City Point was interrupted, and I at once dispatched a courier thither to announce the state of affairs to Lieutenant-General GranV and Major-General Meade. At 6.20 I ordered down the Provisional Brigade from army headquarters, directed General Warren to move his command in my direction, and General Wright to move a division to the threatene Page 319 CHAP. LVIII.] THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN. 319 point. I would state that I had previously received l)rompt aud cordial tenders of aid, both of infantry and field artillery, from the command- ers of the several corps. I soon after received the following dispatches from Generals llum~ plireys and Wright: I ordered out reconnaissanees some time ago. Shall I drive in the enemys pickets all along my line, and if I find his wo~ks slightly held, attack hini? A. A. HUMPHELYS, Major- General. As the enemy must have massed on right of our line, they must have left their own line weak. How would it do for us to attack along the whole length of our line I H. Q WRIGHT, Major-General. While fully appreciating the earnest and hearty support, and the desire to take advantage of an opportunity evinced by these dispatches, I did not deem it advisable, under the peculiar circumstances under which I was in temporary command of the army, to take the respon- sibility of ordering these officers in, at least until the state of affairs in Willcoxs front should be more fully developed. The line was reocen- pied by us not long after, and about that time telegraphic communica- tion was re-established with City Point, when dispatches and orderswere received from the major-general commanding. On receipt of my orders of 6.20 a. m. General Wright ordered down the division of General Wheaton, who moved with promptitude, but about the time he arrived at my headquarters, and while his and General Wrights staff officers were examining the position he was to occupy, the line was retaken by General llartranft, and I had no occasion to use the troops of the Sixth Corps. Bat I take great pleasure in acknowledging the alacrity and willingness displayed by General Wheaton and his command. Among the many officers of my command who distinguished them- selves by their behavior in this action, I must particularly mention General llartranft, to whom too much credit cannot be given for the skill in handling his division and gallantry in leading it displayed by humu; and General Tidball, chief of artillery, for his promptitude and good judgment in bringing up and placing his batteries, and for the exceedingly effective and gallant service done by them and the artil- lery in position. My own staff did me efficient service throughout the action, and I would honorably~mention for activity and gallantry Bvt. Col. C. G. Loring, assistant inspector-general; Bvt. Col. J. L. Van Buren, aide- de-camp; Bvt. Maj. ID. A. Pell, aide-de-camp; Bvt. Maj. J. B. Parke, aide-de-camp; Capt. li. II. I. Goddard, aide-de-camp; Capt. James S. Casey, commissary of musters, and Capt. John C. Youngman, assistant adjutant-general. Colonel Loring, Colonel Van Buren, Captain God- dard, and Captain Younginan are mentioned by General llartranft for services to him on the field. I have the honor to submit herewith the reports of my subordinate commanders, and beg to call attention to the recommendations therein contained for good conduct and gallantry, and I desire to call particu- lar attention to the report of Bvt. Brig. Gen. N. B. McLaughlemi. A tabulated list of casualties is hereto appended. I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obediemit servant, JNO. G. PAIIKE, Major- General, Commanding. Col. GEORGE D. IIUGGLES, Assistant Adjutant- General, Army of the Potomac Page 320 320 N. AND SE. VA., N. C., W. VA., MD., AND PA. [CHAP. LVIII. Tabitlar statetnent of casualties. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. ci Command. ci ci ci bI) cc ~c c ~c a a a a . a a ~ a ~ a ~ S a 5 a a 5 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ First Division 1 37 18 143~ 17 482 36 6121 648 Second Division a I Thir(l Division 2 18 14 224 1(i 242 258 Artillery Brigade (proper~ 2 1 3 2 12 3 17 20 Batteries on the line 2 8 4 17 60 6 85 91 Total~ 5 65 37 387 19 504 61 95% 1,017 eNot engaged. No. 135. Report ~f Asst. Surg. Samuel Adams, U. S. Army, ]Jliedical Inspector, of operc(tions March 131. HEADQUAuTEnS NINTH ARMY CORPS, Before Petersburg, Va., March 31, 1865. COLONEL: The following medical inspectors report Thr March is respeettully submitted: The only thing of importance which has transpire(l since my last report has been the piercing of our lines at Fort Ste(lman aiid Batter- ics Nos. 10 and 11 on the morning of the 25th instant. At 4.30 oclock on the morning of the 25th instant the enemy made an assault on the lines at Fort Stedman in three columns; one column swel)t down to the left toward Battery No. 9, one to the right toward Fort Haskell, while a third moved forward directly toward Fort Sted- man. The enemy had been coming in for several nigh its, bringing their guns and equipments with them; on this occasion they came in squads, as deserters to our pickets, amId by this ruse the picket-line at this point was enveloped and cah)tnred before the alarm could be given to the main line. Tue pickets were active and on the alert, and had been visited by the officer of the picket, Captain Bnrch, Third Maryland Vet- eran Volunteers, at 4 a. in. There was no neglect or want of vig~ilance on the part of the l)ickets of this division. The attack was made on the Second and Third Bri