TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 39 (Part I) AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1892 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B f o.37 e~L / / A. ~ S-f 7/~ 2 THE GIFT O Title Page Page R001 T H E WAR OF THE REBELLION~: A COMPILATION OF TIlE OFFICIAL BECOIRDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. STEPHEN B. ELKINS, Secretary of War, BY MAJ. GEORGE B. DAVIS, U. S. A., MR. LESLIE J. PERRY, MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY, Board of Publication. SERIES IVOLUNE XXXIXIN THREE PARTS. PART IREPORTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1892 Page R002 At ~ LIBRARY Page R003 PREFACE. The work of preparing the records of the war for public use was begun uuder the resolution of Congress of May 19, 1864, by Adjt. Gen. E. D. Townsend, U. S. Army, who caused copies to be made of reports of battles on file in his office and steps to be taken to col- lect missing records. Under the provisions of joint resolution No. 91, of 1866, Hon. Peter H. Watson was appointed to supervise the preparation and formulate a plan for the publication of the records, but he did no work and drew no pay under this appointment, which expired July 27, 1868, by limitation of the resolution. This resolution also re- pealed the former one and work ceased. The first decisive step taken in this work was the act of June 23, 1874, providing the necessary means to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confederate Armies, and directing him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, telegrams, and general orders, not heretofore copied or printed, and properly arranged in chronological order. Appropria- tions have been made from time to tjme for continuing such prepa- ration. Under this act the preliminary work was resumed by 0-en- eral Townsend, who first outlined the plan on which the records are printed, though it appears that originally he contemplated publish- ing to the world only the more important military reports. Subsequently, under meager appropriations, it was prosecuted in a somewhat desultory manner by various subordinates of the War Department until December 14, 1877, when the Secretary of War, perceiving that the undertaking needed the undivided attention of a single head, detailed Lient. Col. Robert N. Scott, U. S. Army, to take charge of the bureau and devote himself exclusively to the work. The act of June 23, 1874, greatly enlarged upon the first crude scheme of publication. On this more comprehensive basis it was determined that the volumes should include not only the battle reports, but also all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. Colonel Scott systematized the work and the plan and presented the records I Page R004 Iv PREFACE. in the following order of arrangement, which has been adhered to by his successors: The first series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Confe4erate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all mil- itary operations in the field, with the correspondence, orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas. In this series the reports will be arranged according to the campaigns and sev- eral theaters of operations (in the chronological order of the events), and the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be immediately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, & c., not embraced in the reports proper will follow (first Union an,d next Confederate) in chronological order. The second series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military au- thorities were concerned) to State or political prisoners. The third series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate offi- cials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General- in-Chief, and of the chiefs of the several staff corps and departments; the calls for troops, and the correspondence between the National and the several State author- ities. The fourth series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for .the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and Confed- erate authorities given in that series. The first volume of the records was issued in the early fall of 1880. The act approved June 16, 1880, provided for the printing and bind- ing, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a~com- pilation of the Official Records (Union and Confederate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year; and that of said number 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives, 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive De- partments. Under this act Colonel Scott proceeded to publish the first five volumes of the records. ~ * All subsequent volumes have been distributed under the act approved August 7, 1882, which provides that: The volumes of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion shall be distrib- uted as follows: One thousand copies to the Executive Departments, as now pro- vided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the Army and contributors to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organiza- tions, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty-seventh Congress. Each Senator shall desigr~ate not exceed- ing twenty-six, and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding twenty-one, of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time as they are published, until the publication is completed. Senators, Representatives, and Dele- gates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of publication with ten per cent. added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall b Page R005 PREFACE. V Col. Robert N. Scott died March 5, 1887, before the completion of the work, which, during a ten years service, he had come to love so dearly. At his death some twenty-six books only had been issued, bnt he had compiled a large amount of matter for forthcoming vol- umes; consequently his name as compiler was retained in all the books up to and including Vol. XXXVI, although his successors had added largely to his compilations from new material found after his demise. The Secretary of War, May 7, 1887, assigned Lieut. Col. H. M. Lazelle, U. S. Army, to duty as the successor of Colonel Scott. He had continued in charge about two years, when. in the act approved March 2, 1889, it was provided That hereafter the preparation and publication of said records shall be conducted, under the Secretary of War, by a board of three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of the Army, and two civilian experts, to be appointed by the Secretary of War, the compensation of said civilian experts to be fixed by the Secretary of War. The Secretary of War appointed Maj. George B. Davis, judge advo- cate, U. S. Army, as the military member, and Leslie J. Perry, of Kansas, and Joseph W. Kirkley, of Maryland, as the civilian expert members of said board. The board assumed direction of the pub- lication at the commencement of the fiscal year 1889, its first work beginning with Serial No. 36 of Vol. XXIV. Each volume includes a copious and accurate index, and for the further convenience of investigators there will be, in addition, a general index to the entire set when complete in a volume by itself. Nothing is printed in these volumes except duly authenticated contemporaneous records of the war. The scope of the boards work is to decide upon and arrange the matter to be published; to correct and verify the orthography of the papers used, and occasion- ally to add a foot-note of explanation. GEO. B. DAVIS, Major and J. A., U. S. A., LESLIE J. PERRY, Cii3ilian Expert, JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY, Civilian Expert, Board of Publication. Approved: REDFIELD PROCTOR, Secretary of War. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washingto~, D. 0., August 1, 1891. covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address, the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives, or Delegates who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individuals. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore published have not been furnished to such libraries, organizations, and individuals. He shall also inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent Page R006 Table of Contents Page R007 .1 CONTENTS. CHAPTER LI. Page. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Ala- bama, and North Georgia (the Atlanta Campaign excepted). May 1Novem- ber 13, 1864 (vn Page R008 Special Index Page R009 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME I. CHAPTER I Page. Operations in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, December 20, 1860April 14, 1861... 1317 CHAPTER II. The secession of Georgia. January 3-26, 1861..... .. 318-325 CHAPTER III. Thesecession of Alabama alid Mississippi. January 4-20,1861 326-330 CHAPTER IV. Operations in Florida. January 6-August 31,1861 . 331-473 CHAPTER V Page. The secession of North Carolina. Janu ary 9-May 20, 1861 474-438 CHAPTER VI. The secession of Louisiana. January 10- February 19,1861 4S9-501 CHAPTER VLL Operations in Texas and New Mexico, February 1-June 11,1861. 502-638 CHAPTER VIIL Operations In Arkansas, the Indian Terri- tory, and Missouri. February 7-May 9, 1861 637691 VOLUME II. CHAPTER IX. Page. Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. April 16-July 31,1861.... 1-1012 VOLUME III. CHAPTER X. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10-November 19,1861. .. 1-749 VOLUME IV. CHAPTER XL Page. CHAPTER XIII. Page. Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Operations in North Carolina and South- Arizona. June 11, 1861February 1,1862. 1-174 easteru Virginia. Augnst 1, 1861-Janu CHAPTER XII. ary 11,1862 . .... 566-721 Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1-November 19, 1861 175-565 VOLUME V. CHAPTER XIV. Page. Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. August 1,1861-March 17,1862. 1-1106 VOLUME VI. CHAPTER XV Page CHAPTER XVL Page. Operationson the coasts of South Carolina, Operations in West Florida, Southern Al- Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. abama, Southern Mississippi, and Lou- August 21,1861-April 11, 1862 1-435 isiana. September 1,1861-May 12,1862. 436-894 VOLUME VII. CHAPTER XVII. Page. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, N. Alabama, and S. W. Virginia. Nov. 19,1861-Mar. 4,1863.. 1-94 Page R010 X OONT~TS OF PRECEDING YOLUM1~S. VOLUME VIII. CHAPTER XVHL Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, aild Indian Territory. Nov. 19, 1861-April 10, 1862. 1-834 VOLUME IX. CHAPTER XIX Page. CHAPTER XXI. Page. Operations in Southeastern Virginia. Jan- Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and nary 11-March 17, 1862 P71 Arizona. February 1-September 20, CHAPTER XX 1862 481-736 Operations in North Carolina. January 11-August 20, 1862 72480 VOLUME XIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXII, Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Mississippi, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. March 4-June 10, 1862. Page. Part IReports 1-927 Part lICorrespondence, etc 1-642 VOLUME XIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXHL The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. March 17-September 2, 1862. Page. Part IReports, March 17-June 24 1-1077 Part IlReports, June 25-September 2 1-994 Part 111Correspondence, etc 1-691 VOLUME XIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIV. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. March 17-September 2, 1862. Page. Part IReports, March 17-June 25 1-818 Part lIReports, June 26-September 2 1-820 Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1-966 VOLUME XIII. CHAPTER XXV. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the Northwest. April 10-November 20, 1862 1-981 VOLUME XIV. CHAPTER XXVI. Page. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. April 12, 1862-June 11, 1863 1-1025 VOLUME XV. CHAPTER XXVII. Page. Operations in West Florida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi (embracing all operations against Vicksburg, May 18-July 27, 1862), and Louisiana, May 12,1862-May 14, 1863; and oper- ations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. September 20, 1862-May 14, 1863 1-113 Page R011 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. XI VOLUME XVIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXVIII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. June 10October 31, 1862. Page. Part IReports 1-1168 Part IlCorrespondence, etc . 1-1017 VOLUME XVIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXIX. Operations in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. June 10, 1862-January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-807 Part lICorrespondence, etc 1-916 VOLUME XVIII. CHAPTER XXX. Page. Operations in North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia. August 20, 1862-June 3, 1863 1-1104 VOLUME XIXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXI. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and PennsylvanIa. September 3-Novem ber 14,1862. Page. Part IReports, September 3-20 1-1108 Part lIReports, September 20-November 14; Correspondence, etc., September 3-Novem ber 14.. ... 1-739 VOLUME XXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. No. vember 1,1862January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-997 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-516 VOLUME XXI. CHAPTER XXXIII. Page. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. November 15, 1862-January 25,1863 1-1152 VOLUME XXITIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIV. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the Northwest. - November 20, 1862-December 31,1863. Page. Part IReports 1-926 Part lICorrespondence, etc - 1-116 Page R012 XII CONTENTS GF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XXIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXV. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. Jan uary 21-August 10, 1863. Page, Part IReports 1-858 Part ILCorrespondence, etc... ... 1-986 VOLUME XXIVIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVI. Operations in Mississippi and West Tennessee, including those in Arkansas and Louisiana connected with the Siege of Vicksburg. January 20August 10, 1863. Page. Part IReports, January 20-May 15, including the General Reports for whole period. January 20-August 10 1-787 Part IlReports, May 16-August 10 1-699 Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1-1070 VOLUME XXVIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVII. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 26-June 3, 1863. Page. Part I- Reports 1-1123 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-862 VOLUME XXVIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVIII. Operations in West Florida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico. May 14December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports, Union Cori~espondence, etc 1-9~ Part IlConfederate Correspondence, etc 1-581 VOLUME XXVJLIN THREE PARTS. - CHAPTER XXXIX. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Department of the East. June 3-August 3, 1863. Page. Part IReports Part IlReports 1-loos Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1-1092 VOLUME XXVIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XL. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia, and in Middle and East Florida. June 12 December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-755 Part flCorrespondence, etc 1-609 VOLUME XXIXJN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLL Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-De. cember 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-1018 Part lICorrespondence, etc . 1-93 Page R013 COINTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. XIII VOLUME XXXIN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-1071 Part ILReports 1-821 Part IllUnion Correspondence, etc 1-1017 Part litUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-768 VOLUME XXXIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. October 20-December 31,1863. - Page. Part IReports and Union Correspondence 1-852 Part IlReports 1-782 Part lItUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-893 VOLUME XXXIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIV. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia. January 1-April 30,1864. Page. Part IReports 1-703 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, ete Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-879 VOLUME XXXIII. CHAPTER XLV. Page. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Jan- uary 1-April 30,1864 - 1-1335 VOLUME XXXIVIN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLVL Operations in Louisiana and the Trans-Mississippi States and Territories. January 1-June 30,1864. Page. Part IReports 1-1058 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc ... - 1-1107 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-835 Part litUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc . 1-701 VOLUME XXXVIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLVII. 0 Operations in Sc~ith Carolina and Florida, and on the Georgia Coast. January 1-November 13,1864. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-646 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-65 Page R014 XIV CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XXXVIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLVIIL Operations in Southeastern Virginia and North Carolina, May 1-June 12, 1864. Page. Part IReports . Part IfReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-1027 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-903 VOLUME XXXVIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLIX. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, May 1-August 3,1864. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-770 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1 606 VOLUME XXXVIIIIN FIVE PARTS. CHAPTER L. The Atlanta, Ga., Campaign, May 1-September 8, 1864. Page. Part IReports 1-936 Part IlReports 1-930 Part IIIReports~ 1-1008 Part IVUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-8~Y1 Part VUniQn and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-103 Page R015 4 CD 1 ITJ CD c-I Su ~ ~ ~ ~ ~4-~4~--I. ~ nday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Monday. ~ ~ ~c~: ~ ~ Tuesday. ~ ~ Wednesday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..~: Thursday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Friday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Saturday. 0 W CD o C~ CD o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Sunday. ~ ~ Monday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~: ~: Tuesday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~: Wednesday. ~ ~ ~: ~: ~: ~ ~: Thursday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~c Friday. -~ 0 ~. ~ ~3 C~. 0 ~ ~ 0 C~ 3~ Saturday Page R016 Page 1 CHAPTER LI. OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY, SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE, MISSISSIPPI, ALABAMA, AND NORTH GEORGIA (THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN EXCEPTED). May 1November 13, 1864. PART I. SUMMAR~J OF TIIIE PRINCIPAL EVENTS.* May 2, 1864.Skirmish at Bolivar, Tenn.t 212, 1864.Scout in Hickman and Manry Counties, Tenn. 421, 1864.Expedition from Yicksburg to Yazoo City, Miss., with skir- mishes at Benton (7th and 9th), at Luces Plantation (13th), and at other points. 5, 1864.Scout in Meade and Breckinridge Counties, Ky. 6, 1864.Skirmish near Morganfield, Ky. 7 8, 1864.Skirmishes near Florence (7th) and at Decatur (8th), Ala. 9, 1864.Skirmish near Pound Gap, Ky. Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. 913, l864.Expedition from Louisa to Rock House Creek, Ky. 10, 1864.Affair with guerrillas at Winchester, Tenn. 12, 1864.Skirmish at Jacksons Ferry (Hallowells Landing), Ala. 13, 1864.Skirmish at Pulaski, Tenn. 15, 1864.Skirmish at Centre Star, Ala. 16, 1864.Skirmish at Pond Creek, Pike County, Ky. 18, 1864.Skirmish ~t Fletchers Ferry, Ala. Skirmish in Pike County, Ky. Skirmish at Wolf River, Ky. 19, 1864.Skirmish at Dandridge, Tenn. 20, 1864.Skirmish near Mayfield, Ky. Skirmish at Greenville, Miss. 22, 1864.Skirmish near Mount Pleasant, Miss. 24, 1864.Skirmish near Nashville, Tenn. Skirmish at Holly Springs, Miss. 25, 1864.Skirmish near Cripple Creek, Woodhury Pike, Teun. 27, 1864.Skirmish at Greenville, Miss. 29, 1864.Skirmish at Yazoo River, Miss. Guerrilla depredations at Winchester, Tenn. 30, 1864.Skirmish at Greeneville, Teun. 31June 20, l864.Morgans raid into Kentucky. 1 R UVOL XXXIX, PT I * Of some of the minor conflicts noted in this Summary no circumstantial reports are on file. t See Vol. XXXII, Part I, p. 693. (1 Page 2 2 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALk, AND N. GA. June 113, 1864.Expedition from Memphis, Tenn., into Mississippi. 4, 1864.Skirmish near Vicksburg, Miss. 8, 1864.-.--Affair at Indian Bayou, Miss. 9, 1864.Skirmish at La Fayette, Tenn. 13July 15, 1864.Raid from Morristown, Tenn., into North Carolina, an~1 capture (June 28) of Camp Vance. 14, 1864.Skirmish at Beans Station, Tenn. Skirmish in Lincoln County, Tena, 15, 1864.Skirmish near Moscow, Tenn. 20, 1864.Skirmish at Whites Station, Tenn. 21, 1864.Skirmish in Decatur County, Tenn. 22, 1864.Brig. Gen. John H. Morgan, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of Western Virginia and East Tennessee. 23, 1864.Skirmish at Okolona, Miss. Skirmish at Collierville, Tenn. Attack on train near La Fayette, Tenn. * 24Aug. 20, 1864.Operations in the District of Northern Alabama. 25, 1864.Skirmish at Ashwood, Miss. Skirmish at Morganfleld, Ky. 27, 1864.Skirmish in Big Cove Valley, Ala. Affair at Crittenden, Ky. 29, 1864.Skirmish at La Fayette, Tenn. July 2, 1864.Skirmish on the Byhalia (Miss.) Road, south of Collierville, Tenn. 210, 1864.Expedition from Vicksburg to Pearl River, with skirmishes en route, and engagement (7th) near Jackson, Miss. 3, 1864.Skirmish near La Grange, Tenn. 424, 1864.Expedition from Memphis, Tenn., to Grand Gulf Miss., includ- ing skirmishes near Bolivar (6th), at Utica (13th), Port Gibson (14th), and Grand Gulf (16th). 521, 1864.Expedition from La Grange, Tenn., to Tupelo, Miss. 718, 1864.Scouts (7th9th and l2thlSth) from Kingston to England Cove, Tenn. 8, 1864.Skirmish near Vienna, Ala. 10, 1864.Skirmish at Clinton, Ky. Skirmish in Issaquena County, Miss. 1017, 1864.Expedition from Vicksburg to Grand Gulf, Miss., with skirmishes (14th) at Port Gibson and (16th) at Grand Gulf. 11, 1864.Scout from Gunters Landing to Warrenton, Ala., and skirmish. 1215, 1864.Scout in Lincoln County, Tenn. 13, 1864.Skirmish at Bell Mines, Ky. 1315, 1864.Scout from Munfordville to Big Spring, Ky. 1418, 1864.Operations in Webster and Union Counties, Ky., including skirmishes (14th) at Morganfleld and (15th) at Geigers Lake. 1718, 1864.Scout from Columbus to Hickman, Ky. 20, 1864.Skirmish in Blount County, Tenn. 22, 1864.Skirmish at Coldwater River, Miss. 2223, 1864.Skirmishes at Clifton, Tenn. 24, 1864.Skirmish near Collierville, Teun. 2528, 1864.Expedition from Decatur to Courtland, Ala., and skirmish. 26, 1864.Skirmish at Whites Station, Tenn. Maj. Gen. Dabney H. Maury, C. S. Army, assigned to command the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. See report of Col. Edward H. Wolfe, p. 295 Page 3 CHAI?. LI.] SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 3 July 26-27, 1864.Expedition from Paducah to Haddixs Ferry, Ky., and skirmish. 28, 1864.Skirmish at Longs Mills, near Mulberry Gap, Teun. 30, 1864.Skirmish at Paint Rock Station, Ala. Skirmish at Clifton, Teun. Aug. 1 3, 1864.Pursuit of Confederates from Athens, Teun., into North Caro- lina, and skirmishes (1st) at Athens, Tenn., and (2d) near Murphy, N. C. 1 5, 1864.Scout from Strawberry Plains to Greeneville, Tenn., and skir- mish (2d) at Morristown. 130, 1864.Expedition from La Grange, Tenn., to Oxford, Miss. 131, l864.Operations in Eastern Kentucky, and skirmishes (1st) near Bardstown, Ky., and (2d) near New Haven, Ky. 223, l864.Operations in Mobile Bay, Ala. 3 4, 1864.Skirmishes at Triune, Tenn. 3 6, 1864.Scout from Cumberland Gap, Tcnn., into Lee County, Va., and to Tazewell, Tenn., and skirmish (4th) near Jon~sville, Va. Operations about Woodville, Miss. 4, 1864.Skirmish at Tracy City, Tenn. 4 6, 1864.Expedition from INatchez, Miss., to Gillespies Plantation, La., and skirmish. 7, 1864.Confederate raid in Union County, Tenn. 8, 1864.Skirmish at Salem, Ky. Skirmish at La Fayette, Teun. 1214, 1864.Operations in Madison County, Ala. 13, 1864.Operations about Shawneetown, Ill. 1415, 1864.Scout from Mayfield, Ky., and skirmish. 15, 1864.Lient. Gen. Richard Taylor, C. S. Army, assigned to command the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. Scout from Triana to Valhermoso Springs, Ala. Raid on Nashville and Northwestern Railroad, Teun. 1622, 1864.Expedition from Mount Vernon, md., into Kentucky, including skirmishes at White Oak Springs (17th), Geigers Lake (18th), and Smiths Mills (19th). 17, 1864.Skirmish in Issaquena County, Miss. 18, 1864.Skirmish at Charleston, Tenn. 20, 1864.Skirmish at Pine Bluff Teun. 21, 1864.Attack on Memphis, Tenn. Skirmish at Grubbs Cross-Roads, Ky. 2123, 1864.Skirmishes at Rogersville (21st) and Blue Springs (23d), and pursuit of Confederates to Greeneville, Tenn. 22, 1864.Skirmishes at Canton and Roaring Spring, Ky. 27, 1864.Skirmish at Owensborough, Ky. 28, 1864.Affair near Holly Springs, Miss. 29, 1864.Skirmish near Ghent, Ky. 29Sept. 4, l864.Operations in East Tennessee, including skirmishes (September 4) at Parks Gap and at Greeneville, and death of Brig. Gen. John H. Morgan, C. S. Army. 31, 1864.Skirmish at Clifton, Tenn. Sept. 2, 1864.Guerrilla raid on Oweusborough, Ky. 2, 1864.Skirmishes at and near Union City, Tenn. 2 5, 1864.Scout from Whitesides, Teun., to Sulphur Springs, Ga. 3, 1864.Skirmish in Sibley County, Ky. 6, 1864.Skirmish at Readyville, Tenn. Skirmish near the Eight-Mile Poet, on the Natchez and Liberty Road, Miss. Liout. Gen. Richard Taylor, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana Page 4 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Sept. 911, 1864.Expeditions from Mobile Bay to Bonsecours and Fish Rivers. Ala, 10, 1864.Affair at Campbellton, Ga. Skirmish at Woodbury, Tenn. 10Oct. 13, 1864.Operations in East Tennessee, including skirmishes (September 28) at Leesburg and (September 30) at Duvalls Ford. 12, 1864.Skirmish near Memphis, Tenn. 14, 1864.Affair near Weston, Ky. 15, 1864.Skirmish in Lnmpkin County, Ga. Skirmish at Snake Creek Gap, Ga. 16Oct. 10, 1864.Forrests raid into Northern Alabama and Middle Tennessee. 1922, 1864.Expeditions from Natchez to Bucks Ferry (l9th2lst) and Farrars Plantation, Miss. (22d), and skirmishes en route. 20, 1864.Skirmish at Cartersyille, Ga. Skirmish at McCormicks Gap, Ky. 20Oct. 17, 1864.Raids from Kentucky and East Tennessee into South- western Virginia. 2126, 1864.Expeditions from Vicksburg to Deer Creek, Miss., and skir- mishes (22d23d) near Rolling Fork. 25, 1864.Skirmish near Henderson, Ky. Skirmish near Johnsonville, Tenn. 26, 1864.Skirmish near Roswell, Ga. 2630, 1864.Expedition from Natchez, Miss., to Waterproof and Sicily Island, La. 27, 1864.Skirmishes at Lobelville and Beardstown, Teun. 28, 1864.Skirmish near Decatur, Ga. Skirmish at Brownsville, Miss. Skirmish at Wells Hill, Teun. 29, 1864.Skirmish at Centreville, Tenn. Skirmish at Moores Bluff, Miss. 29Oct. 3, 1864.Expedition from Vicksburg to Rodney and Fayette, Miss., and skirmish (September 30) at Port Gibson. 29Nov. 13, 1864.Operations in North Georgia and North Alabama. Oct. 211, 1864.Operations in Southwest Mississippi and East Louisiana, includ- 4ng skirmish at Marianna, Fla., September 27. 4, 1864.Skirmish near Memphis, Tenn. 7, 1864.Skirmish at Kingston, Teun. 8, 1864.Skirmish at Rogersville, Tenn. 9, 1864.Attack on U. S. Steamer Sebago, Mobile Bay, Ala. 10, 1864.Affair at South Tunnel, near Gallatin, Teun. 1028, 1864.Operations in East Tennessee. 11, 1864.Skirmish near Fort DoneLson, Tenn. 15, 1864.Skirmish at Hernando, Miss. 16Nov. 10, 1864.Forrests raid into West Tennessee. 17, 1864,General G. T. Beauregard, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Military Division of the West, cast of the Mississippi River. Skirmish at Eddyville, Ky. 18 and 21, 1864.Raids on the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad, Tenn. 20, 1864.Skirmish near Memphis, Tenn. 21, 1864.Skirmish at Harrodsburg, Ky. 2431, 1864.Operations in Issaquena and Washington Counties, Miss., and skirmish (25th) at Steeles Bayou. 25, 1864.Skirmish near Memphis, Tenn. 26, 1864.Affair in Scott County, Va. 27, 1864.Attack on Steamer Belle Saint j~ouis at Fort Randolph, Tenu. Page 5 CHAP. LI.] ~COUTIN1IJCKMAN AND MAURY COUNTIES, TENN. 5 Oct. 29, 1864. Attack on Vancebnrg, Ky. Skirmish at Nonconnah Creek, Tenn. 30, 1564.Skirmish at Bainbridge, Tenn. Nov. 1, 1864.Skirmishes at Union Station, Tenn. 417, 1564.Breckinridges advance into East Tennessee. 5, 1864.Skirmish at Bloomfield, Ky. 5 6, 1864.Skirmishes at Big Pigeon River, Ky, 6 5, 1864.Expedition from Yicksbnrg, Miss., to Gaines Landing and Bayon Macon, La. 7, 1864.Sixteenth Army Corps abolished. 913, 1864.Expedition from Memphis to Moscow, Teim. 10, 1564.Scont near Memphis, Tenn. MAY 212, 1864.Scout in Hickman and Nanry Counties, Tenn. Report of Capt. Russ B. Davis, Tenth Tennessee (Union) Cavalry. CAMP GILLEM, TENN., May 12, 18G4. SIR: I have the honor to report that after an absence of tell days scouting my command, which on leaving camp consisted of three com- missioned officers and sixty non-commissioned officers and privates, retained this evening. From the 2d instant up to the 8th my time was employed in scouting throngh the counties of Hickman ~nd Maury. On the evening of the 3d I sent Lieutenant Creasy, of the Twelfth [Teniiressee Cavalry], with a detachment of twenty-five men, up Piney River, with instructions to move from thence up Duck River and cross md report to me as soon as practicable, while myself; Orr Lieutenant , and the remainder of the command moved in a southwest course that evening. Next morning I crossed Duck River by means of a ferry, the river being beyond fording. After crossing I divided my party and sent Lieutenant Orr, with fifteen men, up Duck River, with instructions to report to me that miight at Judge Walkers, on said river. During the day he pnrsued a guerrilla very closely, so near the man was obliged to swim the stream, abandon his horse, and seek refuge in the mountains, the horse being left to our mercy. The same day I moved up Blue Buck Creek to Walkers, where I encamped for the night. On the morning of the 4th I moved up Lick Creek and Leatherwood Creek some twelve miles, from thence across the bluffs on to Dunlap Creek, where I remained until 8 p. in., when I started in pursuit of three deserters from our army, who were reported to me as being in the country and also being connected with a band of guerrillas and horse-thieves. I succeeded admirably in capturing two of them, namely, H. Love and Thomas Fitzgerald; the third one not to be found; diligent search was made for him. During the time I was south of Duck River, Lieutenant Creasy was operating to a very good advantage north of the river. Up to this time he had captured two men, namely, Nat Silggs and Capt. George H. St. Claire, the former acknowledging to have been engaged in guerrilla warfare at one time, about a year ago, I think, about which time he, with others, fired upon a scouting party, and during the engagement said Suggs was wounded and paroled by Federal authority. The latter, St. Claire, claims to have heen a captain in the One hundred ani second Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and says his resignation was accepted by General Rosecrans some time in September last. He furthermore states that owing to some private difficulty between himself and Mis Page 6 6 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CUAP~ LI. of Nashville, lie left and moved to this mountainous region to act as a Federal spy; while on the contrary, citizens of the country have in- formed me that he had represented himself to them as being a deserter from the Union army, and had come among them to aid in carrying on a guerrilla warfare between the two parties; in no instance did he represent himself as being a Union man. Following the capture of the two above- named men, Lieutenant Creasy heard of two guerrillas, and after striking their trail he pursued them oer hill and dale until finally he was upon them, they being concealed in a house of ill-fame, situated in a most secluded spot on the top of a large bluff. The lieutenant, fearing escape on their part, dashed upon them alone and shot them both before any of his party were on the spot. Much credit is due Lieutenant (Jreasy for his gallantry in this single contest. The names of the killed are Colonel Pointer and Lieutenant Buford. Four army pistols and three horses were found with them. The day following our parties united, and I selected the poorest horses and sent them under Lieutenant Orr, with four prisoners, with orders to report at your headquarters, while myself and Lieutenant (Dreasy, with the remainder, thirty-seven men, continued the scouts. Finding after three days march men wearied, and horses also, I deemed it prudent to return to car During the absence 01 lays I found abundance of corn and long forage, also subsistence for n ~ men. Perfect order was lept through- out the entire march, and the rights of law-abiding citizens respected by my entire party. I realizid some trouble by men not supplying them- selves with extra horseshoes and nails. With this one exception all was right. I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, RUSS B. DAVIS, Captain, Tenth Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry. Lient. Col. GEoRGE SPALDING, Comdg. 2d Brig., 4th [Cavalry] Div., Army of the Cumberland. NAY 421, 1864.Expedition from Vicksburg to Yazoo City, Miss., with skirmishes at Benton (7th and 9th), at Luces Plantation (13th), and at other points. REPOHTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. John MeArthur, U. S. Army, commanding expedition. No. 2.Col. Benjamin IDornblaser, Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry, commanding bri- gade. No. 3.Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. No. 4.Brig. Gen. Wirt Adams, C. S. Army, of operations May 914. No. 1. Report of Brig. (len. John MeArthur, U. ~. Army, commanding expedi tion. HEADQUARTERS POST AND DEFENSES, Iicksburg, Miss., May 25, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the Yazoo expedition: In obedience to instructions from the major-general commanding the district II left Yicksburg, Miss., on the morning of the 4th of May, i Page 7 clAP. 11.1 tXPEDITJON TO YAZOO CITY, MI~. 7 command of an expedition, consisting of the Forty-sixth and Seventy- sixth Jnhntry, Colonel Dorublaser commanding; the Eleventh, Seventy- second, and One hundred and twenty-fourth Illinois Infai~try, Colonel Coates commanding; CompanyL, Second Illinois Light Artillery, and the Seventh Ohio Battery, Captain Bolton, chief of artillery, commanding; First Kansas Mounted Infantry, detachments of the Fifth and Eleventh Illinois Cavalry, and Third U. -S. Cavalry, African descent, Colonel Osband, Third U. S. Cavalry, African descent, commanding, and pro- ceeded in the direction of Messingers Ford, thence northwest through Oak Ridge and Mechanicsburg, visiting Scotts Ferry, at Big Black, de- stroying the same, intercepting the wagon train of two regiments that had crossed to this side to re-enforce the forces that were immediately on my front. I then started in the direction of Benton, having constant skirmishing, the cavalry, however, pushing the enemy sufficiently rapid that no delay was experienced until we reached Benton, where they made a stand, resisting the efforts of my cavalry to dislodge them nntil the arrival of the infantry, when, after a short and spirited skirmish, they retreated, closely followed for six miles north of Benton. Seeing pur- suit in that direction fruitless, I then returned to Benton. From infor- mation received from intercepted dispatches from General Adams, to- gether with intelligence gained from other sources, I found that the enemy were concentrating all their availahble forces on my front, and had already sncceeded in crossing two more regiments, and that General Adams had arrived and assumed command, thereby accomplishing the principal object of the expedition. I abandoned the idea (as communi- cated to you by way of Yazoo City) of crossing the Big Black and mov- ing on Canton, and contented myself with destroying the ferry at Moores Bluff and directing General Ellet, of the Mississippi Marine Brigade, to remain at Yazoo City, whither I sent my wagon train and sick and wounded and awaited at Benton the completion of the concerted meas- ures~~ (see General Adams dispatches)* to drive us from the Yazoo. After waiting two days, and seeing no serious designs in carrying out their intention, I moved toward Vaughans Station, on the Mississippi Central Railroad, the en emny contesting every advantageous position until we reached Luces plantation, where they endeavored to test our strength, but were soon driven from their position, my cavalry and artillery behaving handsomely and fighting keenly. Meeting with no niore serions opposition we destroyed the railroad station at Yaughau~s, following the road to Big Black, destroying the trestle-work in such a manner as will render it useless for some time to come, returning to Yazoo City, and thence by the valley road to Vicksburg, where we arrived on the morning of the 21st instant. Our loss in killed during the entire expedition was 2 commissioned officers, 1 non-commissioned officer, and 2 privates; in wounded, 14 privates (see surgeons report accompanying this for names),t com- paratively light with that of the enemy, who were severely punished wherever they attempted to stand. - Re~ults: A wholesome fear on the part of the enemy, from painful experience, that we have sufficient ft)1ce at this point to move into the interior when desiredthe effect of which will, in my opinion, be the withdrawal of their forces west of the Mississippi Central Railroad, if not of Pearl River; also compelling them to concentrate on my front at that tinme instead of sending them north as they might have done; the destruction of time railroad comumnnicatiQn with Canton; the Not found. Nominal list omitted Page 8 8 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA, AND N. GA. [CHAD. LI. vast advantage it has beeu to the new recruits of the command, of which we have a large proportion, increasing their morale and giving them a prestige that cannot be overestimated to troops first brought under fire. All of which is attributable to the commanding officers of~ brigades, and iu fact throughout the whole command my thanks are due to all, as well as to my staff; for alacrity and spirit displayed in the executiou of every order, Excelsior~~ seeming to be the motto of every portion of the command. I desire before closing my report, to call attentiou to Brigadier-Gen- eral Ellet, commanding Marine Brigade, for his kindness and assistance in doing everything he could to make the expeditiou successful. Accompanying my report I send you a sketch* of the entire route of the expedition, which was made by Mr. Fiedler, engineer, who was em- ph~yed especially for the purpose of making a military map of this part of the country. I have the honor to bc,, your most obedient servant, J. McARTllUI~, Brigadier- (Jeneral. Lent. Col. II. C. liODGERS, Assistant Adjutant- (Jeneral, District of Vicksburg. No. 2. Report of Gol. Benjamin Dornblaser, Forty-sixth lilino manding brigade. is y, corn- HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, YAzoo EXPEDITION, Yicksbnrg, Miss., May 22, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this brigade in the Yazoo expedition: At 5 a. m. of the 4th instant the First Brigade, consisting A~ the Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry, Lient. Col. John J. Jones commanding, and the Seventy-sixth Illinois infantry, Col. Samuel T. Busey commanding, left camp and proceeded via Jackson Yoad to Ilebron, Mechanicsburg, * and Benton, which we reached on the 7th. The enemy seemed disposed to dispute our possession of the place. The First Brigade, marching in the rear, was ordered up, leaving two companies with the train, and formed by your order in a field east of the town and in the rear of the One hundred and twenty-fourth Illinois Infantry, of the Second Brigade. The enemy, however, soon fled before our advance, and left our troops in quiet possession of the place. On the morning of the 8th General MeArthur went to Yazoo City to communicate with General Slocum, at Yicksburg, leaving me in com- mand dining his absence. At about 2 p. in. of the 9th a scout reported the enemy advancing in large force on the Lexington road. I ~ once formed my brigade and Boltons battery on that road, and requested Colonel Coat~s, of the Second Brigade, to form it on the Canton road, which was promptly done. Major Mumford, with his Fifth Illinois Cav- alry, dismounted, passed around my left, deployed as skirnmishers, and drove the enemy across to the old Lexington road, from which a li~w well- directed shots from Boltons battery drove them pell-inell into the Not found Page 9 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO YAZOO CITY, MISS. 9 timber beyond the field. Major Cook, of the Third U. S. Cavalry (colored), with a portion of his command, also drove to the shelter of the woods a small force of the enemy who were advancing, via Picketts plantation, toward the right of my brigade. After posting a strong picket I ordered the troops to camp. On the morning of the 12th I was ordered by General McArthnr to remain at Benton to gnard the approaches by the Lexington road, with the First Brigade and one section of Boltons battery, whilst he, with the other troops, went to Moores Ferry, on the Big Black, via the Can- ton road, on a reconnaissance, retnrning the same day. At 5 a. m. on tL: 13th the expedition started for Yanghans Station, on the Mississippi Central Railroad, the First Brigade in the advance. The cavalry ad- vance encountered the enemy at Lnces plantation, five miles southeast from Benton. I ordered the Seventy-sixth Illinois forward to snpport a section of artillery commanded by Lientenant Nichols, who, together with a line of skirmishers fromi the Seventy-sixth Illinois Infantry, drove the enemy from their position. The colninn then moved forward, in its regular order of march, along the road abont one mile and a half when the enemy was again fonnd posted in a strong position, with three pieces of artillery. I at once pushed my brigade forward to an open field, forming the Seventy-sixth on the left, and the Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry on the right of the road, throwing forward two companies each as skirmishers, while at the same time Lieutenant Nichols, with a section of ftrtillery posted on the right of the road near the timber, opened a vigorons and well-directed fire npon the rebels battery, which was soon silenced and compelled to retreat. I then moved forward in line of battle, with skirmishers well advanced, expecting to enconnter the enemy at any moment, fnlly a mile, to the plantation houses, where I halted to await orders. The general commanding, finding the enemy gone, permitted the troops to rest and refresh themselves after their weary march. After a halt of an honr and a half the column again moved forward to within two miles of Vaughans Station, and encamped for the night, the enemy making bnt a feeble resistance to onr advance. On the 14th we moved via IJeasonville to Benton, and on the 15th to Yazoo City, where we remained until the morning of the 18th, when we proceeded, via Liverpool, Satartia, and ilaynes Bluff; to camp at Vicksburg, where we arrived at 10 a. in., having marched over 200 miles. The only casualty I have to report in my command is that of Sergeant Eells, Company ID, Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry, who was killed on the morning of the 14th, while acting as a scont, for which he was well snited, and in which capacity he had rendered mnch valuable service. Although the march was a long one,and rendered wearisome by the heat and dnst, bnt very few complaints were heard, and whenever a fight was expected every man was fonnd in his place ready and eager for the fray. The officers of this command, including my personal staff, are entitled to great praise for the able and prompt discharge of every duty devolv- ing upon them. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. DOItNBLASEIt, Golonel, Gommanding Brigad6. Capt. W. H. F. RANDALL, Assi8tant Adjutant- General Page 10 10 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA [CHAP. LI. No. 3. Reports of Maj. Gen. ~S~tephen D. Lee, 0. S. Army, commandiug Depart- ment of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. iDEivizOPOLJ5, May 11, 1864. (Received 17th.) There are two raids out iu Mississippione 2,000, under MeArthur, moving from Yicksburg toward Beuton, was checked by General Adams; the other, from Memphis, under Sturgis, four regimeuts of iu- fautry aud three of cavalry, now at Lamar. These movements are mostly to draw off troops from our armies aud need not be feared. S. B. LEE, General S. COOPER. Major- General. IDEJ~iOPOLIS, ALA., May 15, 1864. Euemy struck Central road at Vaughans Station, aud destroyed a few trestles betweeu that poiut aud Big Black bridge, from which they were repulsed with heavy loss. Enemy now retiring toward Beutou; General Adams fought maiu force uear Pickeus Station. S.D. LEE, Major- General, Commanding Department. Major-General FORREST, Tupelo. IDEMOPOLIS, May 16, 1864. GENERAL: A raidiug party from Vicksburg of infautry aud cavalry moved ou the Ceutral railroad, and while General Adams was fighting their maiu body uear Pickeus Statiou a cavalry force burnt Vaughaus Station and several inconsiderable trestles. Captaiu Verger, with 150 men of Woods regimeut, handsomely repulsed two regiments of iufantry from the railroad bridge and saved it. The enemy retreated to Yazoo City. The railroad but slightly injured. S. B. LEE, General S. COOPER. Major- General. No. 4. Reports of Brig. Gen. Wirt Adams, C. S. Army, of operations May 914. CANTON, May 9, 1864. After two days heavy skirmishing with the enemy he has been checked in his advance toward the Central road, and is now at Benton, from which place I think he will return to Yicksburg. WIRT ADAMS, Brigadier- General. General POLK Page 11 CHAP. LI.] SCOUT IN MEADE AND BRECICINRIDGE COUNTIES, KY. 11 NEAR BENTON, ]Jifay 9, 18649 p. m. (Received Demopolis 10th.) Force under McArthur still at Benton engaged in burning and piun- dering. Attacked him on Lexington road this evening with some suc- cess. Think I shall make him fall back to-morrow. WJRT ADAMS, Maj. Gen. S. ID. LEE. Brigadier-General. YAzoo COUNTY, May 14, 1864. The enemy having received 1,500 re-enforcements advanced yesterday ~en miles east of Benton toward Pickens Station. I offered all the op. position my limited force permitted. Whilst engaged with his main force on the Pickens road, he sent a cavalry force to Vaughans Station and burned the station-house and attempted the destruction of railroad bridge over Big Black, bnt was driven off with heavy loss by Stockdale, whom I had posted on the eastern side of river to defend it. He moved his infantry force to Deasonville last evening, and has this morning burned a few inconsiderable trestles, and is now retiring toward Benton. WHIT ADAMS, Maj. Gen. S. ID. LEE. Brigadier- General. BENTON, Miss., May 15, 1864. It was Captain Yerger who~ with 150 men, successfully defended the railroad bridge yesterday against two regiments of infantry. As the enemy withdrew from IDeasonville last evening I sent Colonel Wood in pursuit, who actively harassed his rear nearly to Benton. With the re- mainder of the command I returned to the Pickens road, and moved at daylight this morning toward Benton, and found the enemy gone to Yazoo City. The entire force will probably embark to-day or to-morrow for Yicksburg. I am now moving toward Liverpool. Two pieces of Owens battery disabled and remaining two worthless. Colonel Mabry is greatly in need of a battery of good guns. WHIT ADAMS, Major-General LEE. Brigadier- General. MAY 5, 1864.Scout in Meade and Breckinridge Counties, Ky. Reports of Capt. Hendrick D. Baker, Thirty-fifth Kentucky Infantry. HDQRs. DETACH. COMPANY B, THIRTY-FIFTH KENTUCKY, Meadrille, Ky., May 7, 1864. GENERAL: My advance guard encountered a small squad of Captain ilinkles recruits on Beaver Creek, between this point and Hardins- burg, on the 5th instant. Hinkle made a strong resistance, but after firing twelve shots he and his friend Cunning were wounded, Cunning making his escape, but could be traced by the blood. Hinkle died in a few hours. Hinkle was an escaped prisoner from Camp Douglas, and has been engaged for six weeks recruiting a company for the C. S Page 12 12 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Army. I have also captured two others, G. A. Hardesty and J. II. Ken- nady, whom I forward to Louisville this morning. Forage is so very scarce in this vicinity that I am compelled to send Sergeant Parris and twenty-five of my men, via Elizabethtown, with orders to report to Lieu- tenant ilayslip at Cave City. I will not be in for four or five days, as I am of the opinion I can capture the remainder of ilinkles recruits. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant fl. D. BAKER, Captain, Commanding Detachment. P. S.Sergeant Kincade, of my company, was slightly wounded in leg and hip. IT.I).B. Brig. Gen. H. EWING, ~2omdg. & cond Division, District of Kentucky. HBQRS. COMPANY B, THIRTY.FIFTII KENTUCKY VOL s., Cave City, Ky., May 13, 1864. GENERAL: In accordance with Special Orders, No. 14, from your headqnarters, I have the honor to report the success of my scouting expedition in the connties north of Green River. On the 4th [5th] instant the advance guard of a small squad of my company came in collision with two guerrillas at Jacob Neffs house, near Sinking Creek bridge, Breckinridge County, Ky., killing Capt. J. 13. Hinkle, and wounding Cunning, the latter making his escape. Sergt. A. P. Kincade, of my company, received a flesh wound in the right leg and hip. I also captured two guerrillas the same day at Big Spring, Ky., viz, ilardesty and J. II. Kennady. Lieutenant Hardesty and Kennady had stopped to rest at William Turpins, half a mile from Neffs, on the road leading from Hardinsburg to Big Spring, and after hearing the firing between my scout and Hinkle, came to Big Spring, with the intention of making their escape. My opinion is that Neff and Turpin were harboring them. I also chased the guerrillas Birch, Reed, and Crutcher from Garnettsville to West Point, where they crossed Salt River and went in the direction of Louisville. The aforesaid Reed, Birch. and Crutcher are notorious horse-thieves, and Birch was arrested a few weeks ago by the civil authority for stealing horses, and placed nuder guard at West Point, where Charles Brown, West Carleton, and William Robinson (who are notorious rebels), who reside at that place, went with pistols in hand and demanded the guard to release Birch; the guard being overpowered was compelled to submit. The loyal men of that country have had many horses, pistols, guns, & c., taken from them by those guerrillas, and some of them entirely robbed of money, & c. There are fifteen or twenty guerrillas still lurking through the counties of Meade and Breckinridge, and it is very clear that the rebel - sympathizers are harboring them and keeping them concealed. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. D. BAKER, Captain Company B, Thirty-fifth Kentucky Volunteers. Brigadier-General EWING, Comdg. & cond Div., Dist. of Kentucky, ]Iifunfordville, Ky Page 13 CHAP. LI.] SKIRMISHES NEAR FLORENCE AND AT DECATUR, ALA. 13 MAY 78, 1864.Skirmishes near Florence (7th) and at Decatur (8th), Ala. LREPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Jolin D. Stevenson, U. S. Army. No. 2.Brig. Gen. John E. Smith, U. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gem. John D. Stevenson, U. S. Ar my. DECATUR, ]JiEay 8, 1864. Colonel IRowett, Seventh Illinois, has been compelled to fall back to Florence after a sharp fight with rebels on river abovetwo regiments of infantry, one of cavalry. Enemy are reported on Florence side of Tennessee. The enemy made an attack on our lines this morning, using artillery; after a spirited fight they were driven off.* JOHN I). STEVENSON, Brigadier- General, Gommanding. Colonel SAWYER, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 2. Report of Brig. Gen. John B. Smith, U. S. Army. IIDQRS. THIRD DIVISIoN, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Huntsville, Ala., ]Jiliay .9, 1864. GENERAL: The following dispatch has just been received from Gen- eral Stevenson, Decatur: General SMITH, Huntsville, Ala.: Just received following (lispatch from Colonel Rowett: Two MILES SOUTHEAST OF LAWEENCEBUEG, May 7, 18647 p. rn. (Via Pulaski 5.30 p. m. 8th.) Brigadier-General STEVENSON: Sin: Roddey crossed both above and below Florence this morning. His force about 5,000. 1 fought him two hours, but found myself nearly surrounded, and, after losing a great many men, fell back on the Rawhide road. Tb~e enemy fol- lowed as far as Rawhide, when I think they struck toward the Nashville and De- catur Railroad. I am now moving toward Lawrenceburg. I have sent to Clifton for re-enforcements. If they come to-night I shall pitch into Roddey again to-mor- row. I understand a portion of the Seventeenth Army Corps is near Lawrenceburg. I have notified them that Roddey is on this side of the river, and hope they will push forward to Pulaski. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. E. SMITH, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. Gen. JAMES B. MCPHERSON, Chattanooga, lenin. See also Stevenson to McPherson~ Vol. XXXVIII, Part IV, p. 86 Page 14 14 KY,, SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. MAY 9, 1864.Skirmish near Pound Gap, Ky. Report of Gol. George W. Gallup, Fourteenth Kentucky Infantry. LoUISA K Major Wise, Eleventh left this Y.~ May 9, 1864. Michigan, morning with three squad rons for the vicinity of Pound Gap. Scouts just came in; had a skirmish with one of Morgans sconts; captured 6 horses, his telegraph operator and instrnments, and 1 private; killed 2. One hundred and twenty:. five veterans Fonrteenth Kentucky Yolnnteers desire furlonghs; can they be given; if so, who gives them ~ GEO. W. GALLUP, Colonel, Capt. J. S. BUTLER, Assi8tant Adjutant-General. MAY 913, l864.Expedition from Louisa to Rockliouse Creek, Ky. Report of Maj. Charles B. AS1mith, Eleventh Michigan Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS ELEVENTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY, Louisa, Ky., May 16, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to inform yon that in accordance with instrnctions from Colonel Gallup, brigade commander, I proceeded with my command of two sqnadrons Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, Companies A and F, and one company Thirty-ninth Kentucky Monnted Infantry, Company B, from this point, on Monday, 9th instant, to Piketon, via Paintsville, Middle Creek, Forks of Beaver, and head of Mnd Creek, arriving at Piketon evening of 111th instant. Finding that I could pro- cure forage, and hearing that there was a small force of rebels near head of Beaver, I moved to Pound Gap, passing inside of rebel breast- works in gap. Finding that a rebel force was on Itockhouse Creek, and numbering some forty-five men, I moved to that place, marching frQm sunrise until 1 a. in.; resting two hours, and pushing on again at 4 a. in., charged into the enemys camp about 11 a. m. of 13th instant. We ran them some three miles, capturing 1 captain, 1 lieutenant, and 5 horses with equipments, and killing 1 horse. Our horses were now so used up that I was unable to follow them any farther, and immediately started to return to this place, marching by Beaver Creek, Preston- burg, and Paintsville. There was no enemy at the gap nearer thau four miles,~ where a small picket is placed to prevent refugees from leav- ing Virginia, but as my orders did not allow me to pass through the gap did not molest them. On my return I learned that Colonel Cheno- weth was one mile and a half beyond Whitesburg, with about seventy- five men, but my horses were unable to move farther in that direction, and I also learned that there was no forage to be procured on that route. These two forces of seventy-five and forty-five men are all the enemy~s forces I could learn of being in these mountains. I could learn nothing of any Federal troops moving in this direction. I cannot too highly praise the conduct of both officers and men on what was a very disagreeable and somewhat hazardous march. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHARLES E. SMITH, Jlliajor Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, Comdg. Detachment Page 15 Ca~. LI.] SKIRMISH AT JACKSONS FERRY, ALA. 15 MAY 10, 1864.Affair with guerrilhis at Winchester, Tenn. Report of Col. Henry K. ]JifcConnell, Seventy-first Ohio Infantry. IIDQRS. SEVENTY-FIRST REGT. Ouio VET. VOL. INFTY., Elk River, Teun., ]Jiliay 11, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to report that the guerrillas at Winchester yesterday morning were those of Hays and Davis, and were from thirty to forty in number. Captain McConnell drove them from ten to fifteen miles, with sixteen men, to the southwest. If IRoddeys cavalry should be moving in this direction his probable route will be by Lexington, Pulaski, and Fayetteville, a distance of more than 100 miles. We are keeping a vigilant lookout in that direction. We lack 20,000 rounds of ammunition of the quantity required to be kept on hand. I received intelligence yesterday of 300 bushels of corn being brought from below to be manufactured into whisky. I can secure the corn by going not more than ten miles. There can be nothing permanently in the way of mapping until we can secure instruments for that purpose. Mr. (lii- ham, who lives near this post, will be of great use to us employed in secret service. Can he be so employed ~ There is also a colored man at Winchester who is regularly reporting here, and will also be of service. iRespectfuilly, your obedient servant, H. K. McCONNELL, Colonel, Commanding. Capt. PHELPS PAINE, Assistant Adjutant- General. MAY 12, 1864.Skirmish at Jacksons Ferry (Hallowells Landing), Ala. Report of Capt. William A. Naylor, Tenth Indiana Battery. ON BOARD U. S. (IUN-BOAT A, Bridgeport, ]Vliay 14, 1864. SIR: The following report of trip No. 2 of the U. S. gun-boat is re- spectfully submitted: May 11, got under way at 5 a. in.; ran down the river; wooded at Prices, twelve miles below, on south bank of river; passed iRowans Landing at 12 in.; stopped at Piney (or Seven-Mile) Island, on the north side, near the head, and reconnoitered the island, it having been reported that a band of guerrillas had been there. We found a lot of horses, two of which were marked U. S.; ran down to the foot of the island and landed on the south side; made Gunters Landing about 5 p.m., fired two shells, and landed a detachment of sharpshooters,who discovered a body of cavalry, about 200, stationed at Guntersville; threw three or four shells. Scouts called in at 6 p. in.; they brought off a citizen named T. F. Capehart, who is kept under guard. Moved down to Johnstons, receiving two or three shots from sharpshooters stationed on the south bank of the river, and anchored for the night. May 12, got under way this morning at 4; ran down to Whitesburg, arriving about 7 a. m. Colonel Jackson, commanding post, reported about 2,000 rebel troops at Gadsden~ crossed the river and wooded at the rebel works; sent out scouts, ~vho discovered about fifty of the enemy a-mile from the river; fired a few shells, when they left; ran up and landed a detachment of sharpshooters about a mile below ilallo- wells wood-yard, or Jacksons Ferry, then proceeded to the ferry an Page 16 16 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. set ashore another detachment, arid reconnoitered half a mile back of the landing, and waited for the detachment landed below to arrive. At this time the rebels, number unknown, concealed among the rocks and bushes, opened a cross-fire on our party, wounding 3 men, 1 of whom died soon after being brought on board the boat. As the fire was from three directions, it was impossible to see or know the force of the enemy. The riflemen fell back to the boat backing out into the stream, we shelled the landing; crossed to the opposite side, wooded, returned to the landing, and set ashore a detachment of men for the purpose of burning the buildings. They found 17 horses and mules, which were killed, it not being possible to bring them off. The rebels opened fire on them, when we shelled them out, and our party, under cover of the fire from the boat, burned all the buildings; two of them contained loose cotton. In landing to take the men aboard the enemy attempted to flank us and cut the burning party off from the boat, but were repulsed by another detachment which we landed and two dis- charges of canister. A party of contrabands came and begged to be taken off. The party consisted of five men, six women, and eighteen children. After taking them aboard we proceeded up the river, mak- ing Gunter~s Landing about sunset. Landed and took on wood on north side of the river; were fired into by riflemen in the works at the landing. We threw a few shell into the works, when they left. The inclosed order* was picked up a~t ilallowells wood-yard and is respectfully forwarded. May 13, ran up the river until 1 a. in., when the fog became so heavy could proceed no farther, and anchored about twenty-five miles below Bridgeport. Got under way an howr after sunrise, the fog having cleared up; stopped to wood about two miles below Cool Creek; passed pontoon-boat at mouth of Cool Creek; arrived at Bridgeport at f p.m. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. A. NAYLOIR Captain Tenth Indiana Battery, Commanding Boat. Colonel KRZYZANOWSKI, Commanding Post, Bridgeport, MAY 16, 1864.Skirmish at Centre Star, Ala. Report of Brig. Gen. Walter Q. Gresham, U. ~. Army.t ATHENS, ALA., May 17, 1864. I sent Colonel IRowett, with his own regiment, Seventh Illinois, and Ninth Ohio Cavalry, to Florence, and he reports to me that he met the enemy, under Colonel Johnscn, at Centre Star, fourteen miles this side of Florence, and whipped him and drove him across Tennessee River, capturing 35 prisoners. He says Colonel Johnson has some 1,200 men and three pieces of artillery. No further particulars. Itowett is in Florence. W. Q. GRESIIAM, Col. P. M. SAWYER, Brigadier- General. Assistant Adjntant- General, Nashville. * Not found. t See also Vol. XXXVIII, Part IV, pp. 230, 24~ Page 17 ChAr. LI.] SKIRMISH NEAR MOUNT PLEASANT, MISS. 17 MAY 18, 1864.Skirmish at Wolf River, Ky. Report of Col. James W. Weatherford, Thirteenth Kentucky Caialry. BURKESYILLE, KY., May 18, 1864. Scout just returned from Wolf River; had a fight; captured 7 pris- onersi captain. Had 2 men killed. Have auother scout out after them. Scout front Glasgow captured 11 Monday, who have been firing on their pickets, & c. Two boats here with rations and forage; have two and half months supplies on hand. J. W. WEATHERFORD, Colonel, Commanding Thirteenth Kentucky. General HonSoN. MAY 22, 1864.Skirmish near Mount Pleasant, Miss. REIPORTS. No. 1.Capt. William H. Forrest, Twenty-sixth Battalion Tennessee (Confederate) Cavalry. No. 2.Itinerary of the First Brie ade, Cavalry Divisi~a, Sixteenth Army Corps, commanded by Col. George B. Waring, jr, No. 1. Report of Capt. William IL Forrest, Twenty-sixth Battalion Tennessee (Confederate) Cavalry. TUPELO, May 22, 1864. Following received to-day; HOLLY SP~LNGS, Ma~~ 22, 1864, Brigadier-General CHALMERS: Fought the enemy thirteen miles west this evelling eighty strong, killing 12, wounding and capturing 5, without losing a man or horse. W. H. FORREST, Captain, Contntandin~j Squ dron. N. B. FORREST, Major- GYneral. Maj. Gen. S. D. LEE. No. 2. Itinerary of the First Brigade, Cavalry Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, ~eommanded by Col. Ucorge F. Waring, jr.* May 22.One scouting party of the Fourth Missouri Cavalry was at- tacked by a large party of rebels while passing over very broken ground near Mount Pleasant, Miss.; lost S killed and 4 wounded and prisoners. ~ From return for May, 1564. 2 R RYOL XXXIX, PT I Page 18 18 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. MAY 25, 1864.Skirmish near Cripple Creek, Woodbury Pike, Tenn. Report of Capt. Isaac N. Campbell, One hundred and fifteenth Ohio Infantry. CAMP 115TH Onio VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, May 25, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that on my return from escort- ing Major Rodgers, paymaster, to McMinnville, when near Cripple Creek, on Woodbnry pike, I heard of some guerrillas crossing the pike and going into the cedars. 1 followed them and overtook the party (five men, monnted and armed with carbines and revolvers) near the house of Jesse Beshears. They were drawn in line across the lane, hut after ex- changing one ronnd fled to the cedars. We killed 1 oftheparty, but the balance succeeded in making their escape. They appeared to be loaded with goods, and undoubtedly belonged to the band of guerrillas that have been plundering in the vicinity of Shelbyville. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. N. CAMPBELL, Captain, Comdg. Mounted Detach. 115th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Capt. E. A. OTIS, Assistant Adjutant- General. MAY 29, 1864.Guerrilla depredations at Winchester, Tenn. Report of Col. H~nry K. Mc Council, Seventy-first Ohio Veteran Volunteer Inftntry. HEADQUARTERS RAILROAD DEFENSES, Tallahoma, Teun., June 2, 1864. Maj. B. II. POLK, Assistant Adjutant- General, Nashville: SIR: I send herewith a copy of a report from Colonel McConnell. I have had no opportunity to control this lawlessness for want of suffi- cient cavalry force. I shall be ready in a few days. The same men are concerned in all of the depredations on the railroad. I have learned the names of some of them and several of the persons who keep up and harbor the outlaws. Respectfully submitted. E. A. PAiNE, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HDQRS. SEVENTY-FIRST REGT. OHIO VET. VOL. INFTY., Elk River Bridge, May 30, 1864. I have the honor to respectfully state that on last Tuesday night the guerrillas robbed Winchester of about ~lO,OO0. They kimew men and honses and events only as citizen guerrillas can. No one came to notify me of the raid. I heard incidentally that the citizens were in- dustriously circulating the report that our troops had robbed the town. I sent Captain McConnell to inquhie into the matter. They gave but partial information. The ~quad was small; only six or eight. They have been lurking in the neighboi hood ever since. They fired into the trai Page 19 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 19 on Saturday night between this and Decherd, and yesterday they stole a horse near Winchester. We are very much embarrassed for want of a telegraph office here. Very respectfully, H. K. McCONNELL, Colonel Seventy-first Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry. Captain PAINE, Assistant Adjutant- General, Tu liahoma. MAY 31JUNE 20, 1864.Morgans raid into Kentucky. SUMMARY 0F TIIIE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. June 1, 1864.Skirmish near Pound Gap. 4, 1864.Morgans forces enter Kentucky. 8, 1864.Capture of Mount Sterling. 9, 1864.Action at Mount Sterling. Affair near Pleasureville. 10, 1864.Capture of Lexington. Affair near Bensons Bridge. 1012, 1864.Demonstration on Frankfort. 11, 1864.Capture of Cynthiana. Action at Kellers Bridge, near Cynthiana. 12, 1864.Action at Cynthiana. 1220, 1864.Morgans forces retreat to Abingdon, Va. REPORTS, ETC. No. 1.Brig. Gcn. Stephen G. Burbridge, U. S. Army, commanding District of Ken~ tucky. No. 2.Capt. J. Bates Dickson, Assistant Adjutant-General, U. S. Army. No. 3.Capt. Julius Fosses, Assistant Inspector-General of Cavalry. No. 4.Capt. George H. Laird, Acting Assistant Quartermaster. No. 5.Brig. Gen. Edward H. Hobson, U. S. Army. No. 6.Col. David A. Mims, Thirty-ninth Kentucky Infantry, commanding bri-. gade. No. 7.Col. Charles S. Hanson, Thirty-seventh Kentucky Infantry, commanding brigade. No. 8.Col. John Mason Brown, Forty-fifth Kentucky Infantry, commanding bri- gade. No. 9.Col. Israel Garrard, Seventh Ohio Cavalry, commanding First Cavalry Bri-. gade. No. 10.Insp. Gen. Daniel W. Lindsey, Kentucky State Guard. No. 11.Col. George W. Monroe, Twenty-second Kentucky Infantry, commanding forces defending Frankfort. No. 12.Col. Joel F. Asper, One hundred and seventy-first Ohio Infantry. No. 13.Capt. Richard 0. Swindler, One hundred and seventy-first Ohio Infantry. No. 14.Brig. Gen. John H. Morgan, C. S. Army. No. 1. Reports of Brig. Gen. Stephen U. Burbridge, U. S. Army, commanding District of Kentucky. LEXINGTON, Ky., June 10, 18G4L45 p. m. (Received 12 p. in.) After concentrating a force at the mouth of Beaver Creek, on Big Sandy, I moved against Morgans force in Virginia. Went as far a Page 20 20 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS.~ ALA., AND N. GA. [cHAP. MJ Gladesyille. Morgan, with 2,500 men, moved into Kentucky, via Whitesburg. I pursued, and, by marching ninety miles in twenty-four hours, came upon him at Mount Sterling yesterday morning, and de- feated him. By stealing fresh horses he re~tched Lexington at 2 oclock this a. m. Our forces held the fort, and rebels did but little damage. He left here at 7 a. m. for Versailles. I start in pursuit with a fresh force this evening, and hope to capture his command S. G. BURB1IJDGE Maj. Gen. H. ~. HALLECK, Brigadier-Ucueral, Commanding. Washington, D. C. LEXiNGTON, Ky., June 13, 1864. (Received 11.53 p. in.) I attacked Morgan at Cynthiana at daylight yesterday morning, and after an hours hard fighting completely routed him, killing 300, wound- ing as many, and capturing nearly 400, besidcs recapturing nearly all of General Hobsons command and over 1,000 horses. Our loss in killed and wounded about 150. Morgans scattered forces are flying in all di- rections; have thrown away arms; are out of ammunition and wholly demoralized. S. G. BURBRJDGE, Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Brigadier-General. Chief of IS~taff. LEXINGTON, Ky., June 13, 18649.10 p. m. Morgan entered Kentucky with nearly 3,000 men through Pound Gap June 4. June 7 I started in pursuit from mouth of Beaver, on Big Sandy; attacked him at Mount Sterling at daylight June 9. Rebel loss nearly 600 Prisoners; ours about 25 killed and 100 wounded. I drove him via Lexington to Cynthiana, where I attacked at daylight yesterday a. in., gaining complete victory. Rebel loss, 300 killed and 400 prisoners, besides wounded. I captured over 1,000 horses, and re- captured most of General Hobsons command, taken by Morgan the day before. Our loss about 150 killed and wounded. The rebel force is scattered, and small squads without arms or ammunition and wholly demoralized are being pursued and picked up in every direction. S. G. BURBRII)GE, Major-General SHERMAN. Brigadier- General, U. ~ Volunteers. LEXINGTON, Ky., June 20, 1864. On the 11th instant Hobson attacked Morgans command at Kellers Bridge, and after six hours of fighting was compelled to surrender with about 300 of the One hundred and seventy-first Regiment Ohio National Guard. Three hours after the surrender, at Morgans suggestion, Gen- eral Hobson and staff, with the field officers of the One hundred and seventy-first Ohio, accompanied by three rebel officers and two soldiers Page 21 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 21 under a flag of truce, went to Falmouth to enable General H[obson] to communicate with the military authorities. I ordered General ilobson to retain the rebels and come here, and the whole party, except the field officers of the One hundred and seventy-first, is now here. General ilobson did not give his parole, but at the solicitation of the officers of the One hundred and seventy-first entered into a written agreement with Morgan to report back to him if not exchanged. On the morning of the 12th instant Morgans forces were routed and all the prisoners in his hands recaptured. He took none with him in Jiis flight. I desire instructions as to what disposition to make of the five rebels, and as to what course I shall pursue in regard to General ilobson and staff. S. G. BU1tBI~IDGE, Brigadier- General, Commanding. ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY, GENERAL: I transmit herewith, for the Lexington, June 23, 1864. information of the Secretary of War, a copy of the official report* of Brig. Gen. E. H. Hobson, de- tailing the part taken by him and his command in the late Morgan raid, up to and including the surrender of himself and forces at Faimouth. The surrender was unquestionably necessary, and it is a matter of congratulation that General Hobson with raw, undisciplined levies fought so gallantly and delayed the enemy so long. Without doubt the gallant resistance of General Hobson materially assisted me in my operations and enabled me to come up with and rout the marauders at Cynthiana. Had Hobson not made this fight Covington would have been at the mercy of Morgan, and the entire line of railroad between Falmouth and Covington. But because -of the rather irregular manner in which General Hobson was retaken from the enemy and a promise made by him to try to effect an exchange of some rebel officers for him- self and those captured with him and to report to Morgan if he did not make the arrangement, I did not place his escort in close confinement, but have sent them to Indianapolis to await a decision in their case. I inclose a copy of the paper t given by General Hobson to John Mor- gan, with the explanation. General Hobson peremptorily refused to be paroled or to permit the paroling of his officers. The men were paroled with his protest before Morgan that the parole was imperative and would not be regarded, and when the suggestion of Morgan was made to parole Hobson and his officers it was absolutely rejected. Hobson detained Morgan as long as possible in parleying about the matter in order to delay the rebels as much as possible and give me an oppor- tunity to come up. This was at last conjectured by some of the rebel officers; conference on the subject ceased. At last General Hobson gave the paper herewith inclosed, but with the full understanding that it was not a parole. No intention was to violate the cartel in the slight- est, but to do the very best possible thing for the Government, and while yet under rebel escort my scouting parties recaptured the entire party, and I submit that if there was any obligatory effect in the paper at all it was aiinulled by the recapture. I had intended placing Hob ~See p.32. tSee j). 36 Page 22 22 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. (CHAP. LI. son and the other officers on duty and await the action of the proper authorities iu the case of rebel escort, because they claimed (without grounds, I thought) the benefit of a flag of truce. Since this, by direc- tion of the Secretary of War, I have placed General liobson iu arrest, and now I respectfully request that lie be relieved from arrest and be permitted to go on duty, and I hope I will be pardoned the remark that Ithinktliis due to General Hobson as a useful, gallant officer. If he did a wrong, he did it unintentionally, and with no desire to shield himself. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. G. BURBIIIDGE, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. Gen. H. XV. HALLECK, U. S. Army. HDQRS. DIST. OF KENTUCKY AND 5TH DIV., 23n ARMY Coups, Lexington, August 1, 1864. I have the houor to herewith submit the following report of the move- ments and engagements of the troops in my command during the late Morgan raid: About the middle of May I received an intimation from General Hal- leck, and also one from General Schofield, that it would be advisable for me to watch well General Schofields left flank, and if possible to make a diversion in his favor by attacking the enemy in Virginia. Having had General Hobson, commanding Eastern Division, to concentrate all the force he had in Central Kentucky at Mount Sterling, I ordered him to move on Monday, May 23, for the mouth of Beaver, and making that point as soon as practicable, there await my arrival with the remainder of his forces. Tuesday afternoon, May 24, I left Cincinnati for Catletts- burg, arriving there Wednesday evening. Thursday, very early in the muorning, I went to Louisa, and there remained all day looking into the condition of the troops and making such additional preparations for the expedition as suggested themselves. Friday mnorniiig, May 27, I left Louisa, taking with me the Thirty-ninth Kentucky Mounted Infantry and the Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, together with two 12-pounder mount- ain howitzers, all under command of Col. D. A. Mims, Thirty-ninth Ken- tucky. About 4 oclock Saturday afternoon, May 28, we arrived at the muouth of Beaver, where I found General Hobson encamped, his arrival having preceded mine some hours. I determined to rest the whole com- mnand here one day in order to supply them with rations and forage. Greatly to mny surprise, disappointment, and intense chagrin, instead of finding the ten days supply of food and forage which I had ordered to be accumulated at that point, there was scarcely a sufficiency for two days. Monday, May 30, I promptly ordered back to Louisa every available horse nuder command of Colonel Mims, of the Thirty-ninth Kentucky, with orders to use the most strenuous endeavors to get the requisite supplies forward as soon as possible. That energetic and capable offi- cer succeeded in getting back Saturday night, June 4, with abundant supplies for the whole command. In the mneami time I had sent Col. John Mason Brown, of the Forty-fifth Kentucky, with his regiment, to Pound Gap to watch the movements of the enemy, with instruc- tions to keep me advised as nearly as possible by courier. On Satur- day Colonel Brown reported with his regiment, stating the enemy was in such force on the Virginia side of the mountains as made it prudent for him to withdraw after skirmishing with them until they commence Page 23 Ciw~. LII MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 23 flanking him by way of the Stony Gap road. He had, however, left a small scouting party to watch the further operations of the enemy. Sunday morning, June 5, I started with the command for Pound Gap, but before we had gone many miles a courier from Colonel browns scouts reported Morgan as coming throngh the gap. I imme- diately called together for consultation General Hobson and his bri- gade commanders, and it was determined that General Hobson should return as speedily as possible to prepare for receiving Morgan (whose force was then reported at 5,000), if he should succeed in eluding me, or so dispose his forces that I could not attack him without so scatter- ing them as to render a victory of but little avail. I sent Col. John Mason Brown, with his regiment and a detachment of the Thirty-ninth Kentucky, with instructions to watch the enemy, and, if possible, im- pede his progress until I could attack him to advantage in the rear, but with discretionary power as to when and where, if at all, he should discover himself to the enemy, thereby letting him know his move- ments were observed. With the rest of the command I moved on toward Pound Gap, intending by that movement to throw General Mor- gan off his guard if he was watching me, and also to give him such time as would enable me to overtake him in a country where he could not follow his favorite course of tactics of breaking up his command into small squads, all well acquainted with the secret paths and fast- nesses of the country, and making it impossible to do him effectual harm. We arrived that night (June 5) about twenty miles from Pound Gap, and there learned from one of my scouts that Morgan had en- camped June 3 on the Rockhouse fork of Kentucky River. Monday morning, June 6, I sent Colonel Grider, Fifty-second Kentucky, with a part of his regiment and a detachment of the Thirty-seventh Ken- tucky, toward Pound Gap, with instructions to so obstruct the gaps and roads that if Morgan should attempt to return before I reached him, he (Colonel Grider) could easily hold his position until I could come up. With the remainder of the commnandl marched back to mouth of Beaver, where I caused to be selected all the men and horses fit for a rapid forced march. Leaving all others, together with all of my artillery, except the two 12-pounder howitzers, under command of Col. C. J. True, Fortieth Kentucky, to be conducted to Louisa as soon as possible, with my picked command I retraced my steps that night as far as Prestonburg, and Tuesday, June 8, took the direct line of pursuit. When I arrived at Salyersville I received a courier from Col. John M. Brown informing me he was on the trail of Morgans main force. I ordered Colonel Brown to continue scouting in advance, and pushed the command forward as rapidly and continuously as human endurance and due regard for the horses would admit, traveling without intermission, except for abso- lutely necessary halts, night and day. When we were some ten miles from Mount Sterling Col. John M. Brown reported to me in person that he had followed Morgan until he found he had taken Mount Sterling and its small garrison that morning with his cavalry, and his infantry had arrived in the evening, and all had gone into camp without a sus- picion we were near. To this able officer great praise is due for the judgment and indefatigable energy displayed by him in the arduous march from Pound Gap, in which he had skirmished nearly every mile of the way, and with a discretion which would have done honor to an older head; had so cautiously conducted the march of the ad- vance that, even tlmough line had picked up several stragglers from their ranks, the enemy had no suspicion of our proximity. Thursday morning at 4 oclock [I orderedj the attack to be made, and made th Page 24 24 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CILAF Li. following disposition of my forces: Col. John Mason Brown, with the Forty-fifth Kentncky and Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, took the advance, and was to charge and attack one camp; Colonel Ratliff, of the Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, with Thirty-seventh and Thirty-ninth Ken- tncky Mounted Infantry, and one battalion Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cav- alry, was to take the center and attack the other camp, and Colonel Hauson, of Thirty-seventh Kentucky, with the Fortieth Kentucky, two battalions Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, and the two 12-pounder howitzers was to constitute the reserve. Owing to some misapprehen- sion of orders one of the howitzers was run up to the front, completely blocking up the road, cntting off a portion of the Eleventh Michigan from Colonel Browns brigade, and preventing them and the entire cen- ter brigade from reaching their assigned positions in time to join effect- ively in the charge. At this point and time, the horses being all killed by their sharpshooters, the howitzer was taken by the enemy. I called for volum~teers to retake the gun, and Captain Hicks, Twelfth Ohio Vol- unteer Cavalry, sprang forward with his company, and, gallantly charg- ing, recaptured the piece. The attack was a thorough surprise, and but for the unfortunate contretemps alluded to the rout would have been complete. As it was, after a spirited contest of over two hours, the enemy gave way in every direction. In a short time however the en- emy discovering, 1 suppose, the smallness of my forc~ (I had only 1,600 men), attacked me with great vigor, and maintained a resolute assault for about two hours and a half being finally repulsed, with considera- ble loss. From prisoners taken during the engagement I learned that General Morgan had gone, previous to my attack, with a considerable part of his cavalry command toward Lexington, and I was apprehen- sive he would collect and re-enforce his defeated troops and attack me again before my command had gotten any rest. I therefore determined to remain at Mount Sterling until Friday morning, giving the men the rest iendered necessary by the arduous march and subsequent fighting. Early Friday morning I marched for Lexington, taking with me all the prisoners captured at Mount Sterling, except the wounded, arriving at Lexington, thirty-Three miles distant, about 2 oclock the same after- noon. When I started on the expedition I had left my assistant adju- tant-general, Capt. J. Bates Dickson, in charge, who, upon Morgans approach to the city, put Col. Wickliffe Cooper, Fourth Kentucky Cav- alry, at home on leave, in command of the place and the troops in the vicinity. Under the direction of these two officers all the Government property, save a few horses, was moved under the guns of Fort Clay, and Colonel Cooper, after gallantly skirmishing with Morgans advance, with the few men at his command, withdrew to the fort, from which lie presented so spirited and formidable a front that Morgan did not yen- ture to attack him. All the damage done by Morgan at Lexington co~msisted of the loss of the horses before mentioned, except that lie inflicted in robbing the bank and citizens of money, watches, and goods of various description. Early in the afternoon of Friday Col. Israel Garrard, commanding First Brigade, General Stonem~~~~ cavalry coin- mand, reported to me at Lexington, in obedience to an order from Capt. J. Bates Dickson, assistant adjutant-general, and the rest of that day was consumed in procuring as many fresh horses as possible and in issuing fresh supplies of rations and ammunition. The enemy left Lexington in the direction of Georgetown, and, having intelligence of his going from that place toward Paris, it was my opinion he intended to atta k and destroy the extensive and important railroad bridge a Page 25 Cnx~. LI.] MORGAN~S RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 25 Paris, and accordingly, at 12 oclock Friday night, I moved with the command on the road to Paris, arriving at that place about 5 oclock Saturday morning. There I found the enemy had threatened the town with a small force the day before, but a couple of shells from the guns of Fort Robinson had sent them off in a hurry. During the day heavy cannonading was heard in the direction of Frankfort, and the enemy was reported in force in the neighborhood of Georgetown, but the tel- egrapli lines being cut I was obliged to await the return of the scouts and couriers I had sent out in search of information. About night-fall I received a dispatch from General Hobson, forwarded by Captain Dick- son, dated Saturday, June 111, saying lie was almost surrounded, and could not hold his position much longer. Somewhat later I received definite intelligence from my scouts that Morgan was at Cynthiana, having taken the place, and destroyed nearly all the business portion of the towim, and that General Hobson had surrendered with his com- mand, after an obstinate fight of several hours duration. For the par- ticulars of General Hobsoiis proceedings after leaving inc on the Big Sandy River, I respectfully refer you to his report, which I inclose as a part of, and supplementary to, this. * Saturday night about 11 oclock I moved out with the column, which, including Colonel Garrards bri- gade, was about 2,400 strong, in the direction of Cynthiana, having previously sent Col. John Mason Brown on a reconnaissance toward Cynthiana, Millersburg, and Carlisle. Sunday, June 12, at 2.30 oclock in the morning, my advance, under Major Tyler, Fifty-second Ken- tucky, caine up with the enemys pickets some two miles and a half from the town of Cynthiana, drove them back upon their skirmish line, and held them there until the column closed Imp. I at once formed my li}me of battle across tIme turnpike leading to Millcrsburg (the road upon which we were advancing), and on either side of it; three dismounted reginients forming the center, with a cavalry regi- ment on each flank, amid the cavalry brigade of Colonel Garrard con- stituting the reserve, Col. John M. Browns brigade, owing to the ex- haustive mnarch made reconnoitering the eneIny~s position, having not yet caught up. At the word forward tIme line advanced with a steadiness never excelled, driving tIme enemy from their first line. The command charge~~ was given, and obeyed with a promptness which spoke well for the spirit of the men, as well as for the training they had received. The enemy were steadily driven, except upon the flanks, where, emisconced behind stone walls and high rail fences, they so impeded the cavalry attack as to make it necessary to send additional force to their assistance. T ordered Colonel Garrard to send one cav- alry regiment to the right and one to the left to attack the extreme flanks of the enemy, still leaving one cavalry regiment in reserve. Finding the enemy was repulsing the advance upon the left, owing to their defenses inmprovised~ from stone walls, & c., the remaining reserve (Seventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry) was ordered to the left to assist in the charge, which was most brilliantly made by the entire cavalry force, aided by the dismounted nien, and which succeeded in making a most complete rout of time enemy in the quarter from which came the most desperate resistance. Mean time the center and right had carried the towmi froum their respective positions, the enemy having fled in the wildest confusion, many beimig drowned in their attempt to cross the river, the ommly other avenue to escape having been blocked by my troops on the right. Having learned from citizens and prisoners that ~See p.33 Page 26 26 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. General Morgan, when he learned the tide of battle had turned against him, had ignominiously fled with his choicest troops in the direction of Claysville, I ordered Colonel Garrard, with his brigade, as being the freshest troops, to pursue and give the enemy no rest, which order he obeyed, pressing Morgan so closely he had to release all the prisoners he had taken from General ilobson, after giving them an informal parole, and again, at Flemingsburg, compelling him to abandon the greater part of his transportation, together with his sick and wounded. Colonel Garrard continued to pursue until the enemy entered the mountains, when he turned back, farther pursuit being useless. After several hours rest at Cynthiana I ordered Colonel Han son to move with his brigade through Carlisle and Mount Sterling, and then so dis- pose his forces as to scatter and capture as many of the retreating enemy as possible. About night-fall that eveniimg (Sunday, June 12) I ordered the remainder to move to Lexington by way of Georgetown, it being evident the enemy was completely demoralized, and would make no further decisive stand. I placed the prisoners for safe conduct under charge of Col. John Mason Brown, who had in the course of the morning rejoined me at Cynthiana. I reached my headquarters at Lexington June 13, having been absent just three weeks~ iii chased, overtaken and whipped the redoubtable which time I had Morgan in two battles, one upon ground of his own choosing. It is impossible for me to give an even approximately accurate state- ment of the loss of the enemy, as the dead and mortally wounded at Mount Sterling and the killed, drowned, and wounded at Cynthiana continued to be gathered up for two or three weeks after those fights, and stragglers and concealed men of Morgans command are being continually discovered and forwarded even to this day. Of the loss of my immediate comumand I append the total of the bri- gade reports of killed, wounded, and missing. For all further particu- lars of the action of the various brigades allow me to respectfully refer you to the reports of the brigade commanders, which are herewith for- warded. You will also find the report of the proceedings of Capt. Julius Fosses, inspector of cavalry on my staff, who, stationed at Louisville, was very energetic in fitting out troops for defensive operations, amid scouting parties to observe and harass the eneniy. I cannot conclude without acknowledging with sincere thanks my oblmgations to Generals Carrington and Heintzelman for the promnpt as- sistance rendered to my defenseless district in its hour of need. And I should be ungrateful did I iieglect to mention the hearty co-operation of officers and men in all my designs, and their unmurmuring, evemi cheerful, endurance of privation, fatigue, and toil iu one of the most arduous marches of the war. To mny staff officers are especially due ardent praise and heartfelt thanks for their umiwavering fidelity to im- portant trusts, and unhesitating and self-denying discharge of difficult and oftentimes dangerous duties during the march and upon the field of battle. With this brief and imperfect report of the operatioiis of the First Division of my command, I have the honor to remain, very resl)ectfully, your obedient servant, S. G. BUI~BRIDGE, Brevet Major- General, Commanding District of Kentucky. Licut. Col. G. M. BASCOM, Assistant Adjutant- General, Department of the Ohio Page 27 ClsAu. LI.] MORGAN S RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 27 List of casualties. Brigade. Killed. Wounded. Missing.a Colonel ilansons brigade 24 107 191 Colonel Mims brigade 7 25 Colonel Browns brigade 20 11 10 Colonel Garrards brigade 2 11 4 Total 51 156 205 e Many of tbe missing have since returned to their regiments. ADDENDA. GENERAL ORDERS, HDQRS. DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY AND FIFTH DIVISION, 23D ARMY Coups, No. 46. ) Lexington, June 14, 1864. The following dispatches are published for the information of the officers and men engaged in the recent campaign: WASHINGTON, June 14, 1864. General BURBRIDGE: Have just received your dispatch of action at Cynthiana. Please accept my con- gratulations and thanks for yourself and command. A. LINCOLN. WASHINGTON, June 14, 1864. General BURBRIDGE: Please accept for your gallant command the thanks of this Department for the brave and successful operations of the last six days in Kentucky, achievements of valor, energy, and success that will be regarded with admiration by all loyal people of the United States. E. M. STANTON. By command of Brigadier-General Burbridge: J. BATES DICKSON, Gaptain and Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE OHIO, In the Field, June 14, 1864. Brigadier-General BURERIDGE, Lexington: Your dispatch of yesterday announcing your rapid pursuit and com- plete victory over Morgan is received. Most heartily I congratulate you and your command, and thank you for your efficient service. J. M. SCHOFIELD, Major- General. No. 2. Report of Capt. J. Bates Dickson, Assistant Adjutant-General, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY, June 14, 1864. DEAR SIR: The general commanding directs me to communicate to you an account of the operations of his command during the past few weeks. In accordance with instructions from Major-General Schofield an expedition against the rebel force in Western Virginia, threatening the State, was planned during last month Page 28 KY., SW. YA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. (CHAP. LI. On the 20th ultimo General Hobson left here with his command to pro- ceed, via Mount Sterling, to the placeof rendezvous, the mouth of Beaver, on the Big Sandy. The general commanding started fromhere on the 22d ultimo, via Cincinnati, Catlettsburg, and Louisa, for the same point. Some delay was experienced at the mouth of Beaver in obtaining a sufficiency of supplies. On the 5th instant the expedition moved to attack the rebels, but after one days march information that Morgan had entered the State through Pound Gap with nearly 3,000 men was received, and the com- mand returned at once to the mouth of Beaver, whence on the day follow- ing the commanding general started in pursuit of Morgan, sending Gem eral Hobson, via river and railroad, to this place to command the forces left in this vicinity. General Hobson reached Cincinnati on the day the railroad communication, via the Kentucky Central Railroad, was cut off, and as information [was received] that Monnt Sterling was in possession of the rebels and Lexington threatened, he at once proceeded to organize a force to enable him to push through here. One regiment, the One hundred and sixty-eighth Ohio, 100-days men, was pushed forward from Covington at once, and distributed to guard the railroad as far as Cyn- thiana. General ilobson followed with 600 men of the One hundred and seventy-first Ohio, and attacked Morgan at Kellers Budge, near Cym thiana, on the 11th instant; was outnumbered, surrounded, and com- pelled to snrrender after six hours fighting. General Burbridge, by forced marches day and night, fell npon Morgan at Mount Sterling, at daylight 9th instant, and (lefeated him after a very severely contested engagement lasting four hours, in which the rebel loss far exceeded ours. Over 200 of their dead were buried by our men; we had but about 25 killed. Nearly 200 prisoners captured at Mount Sterling are now here. Morgan moved rapidly to this 1)oiut and entered the city at 2 a. m. 10th instant, after a slight resistance from the two companies of cavalry, all we had here to meet him. But little dam- age was done here, the rebels leaving for Georgetown at 7 a. m. On the afternoon of the same day General Burbridge arrived, and, obtainimig fresh horses here and at Camp Nelson for his comumand, moved at mid- night for Paris and on Saturday night for Cynthiana, where at daylight Sunday morning he attacked Morgan, whose command, increased to nearly 2,800 men by accessions from the militia of Owen and contig- uous counties, was drawn up in line of battle and confident of victory. The battle lasted about two hours, our cavalry regiments making sev- eral brilliant saber charges. The rebels broke in all directions, panic- stricken. We took 500 prisQuers, killed 300, besides wounding a great number. Colonels Hanson and Garrard are in hot pursuit of a portion of Morgans command, with which are the prisoners they captured from Hobson. It is reported here that Morgan was defeated and our pris- oners released, eight miles east of Cynthiana. This report not yet con- firmed. The commanding general desires me to say that he considers the raid over. Morgans command is wholly broken imp. His men have thrown away their arms, are out of anumunition, and are being captured in small squads by our cavalry. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. BATES DICKSON, Gaptcdn and Assistant Adjuknt- ~3eneral. Governor THOMAS E. BRAMLETTE, Frankfort, Ky Page 29 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 29 No. 3. Report of Capt. Julius Pos~ses, Assistant Inspector- (leneral of Cavalry. OFFICE ASSISTANT INSPECTOR-GENERAL OF CAVALRY, Louisville, Ky., June 30, 1864. GENERAL: I liave the honor to submit the following report: On the evening of the 9th instant a telegram was received by Lieut. Col. Thomas B. Fairleigh, commanding at this post, that the guerrillas had attacked the train on the Lexington and Frankfort Railroad, and that Morgan was marching his command against Lexington. The two reports led us to believe that this post would be attacked, for surely nothing could be more acceptable to the marauders than our well-stocked commissary and the stores of our citizens. The post was almost en- tirely destitute of the means of defense, Colonel Fairleigh having, in accordance with orders from his superiors, sent all the soldiers to the front. I first called on the Louisville Dragoons to volunteer as scouts, and on the morning of the 10th instant dispatched twenty-five of them on the Shelbyville pike. They returned at night, reporting no enemy this side of Middletown. The same day Maj. J. S. Edwards, Second Indiana Cavalry, arrived from Indianapolis with a detachment of vet- erans. At the suggestion of Lieutenant-Colonel Fairleigh I had these men mounted and equipped, also detachments of Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Colonel Jordan, and First Wisconsin, under Captain Jones, who arrived about this time. The Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Colonel Jordan, were ordered to proceed toward Frankfort by the way of Shelbyville, with instructions to report by courier in case they found the enemy. The rest of the forces continued to scout the country in every direction until the evening of the 16th instant, when we received word from Shelbyville that Jessee had passed through that place about 4 p. in., and was proceeding toward Bardstown. On the morning of the 17th instant I sent Major Smith, Ninth Michi- gan Cavalry, in command of 150 men, toward Bardstown, and at the same time sent about 50 men on the Taylorsville pike with orders to scout the country thoroughly and report as soon as practicable. At the same time Colonel Fairleigh sent a detachment of infantry under Lieutenant Driskill to Bardstown by railroad. The detachment sent on the Taylorsville pike returned in the evening, and reported that Jessees entire command had crossed at Taylorsville en route for Bardstown. Knowing that Lieutenant Driskill was already at that place and that Major Smith was near there, I expected the entire gang would be cap- tured, and was surprised at receiving the following telegram from Major Smith: BARDSTOWN, June 18, 18646 p. rn. I arrived here at 3 p. in., having traveled sixty-five miles since 6 oclock. Lieu- tenant Driskill surrendered his men without tiring a gnu. The rebels had few arms and no ammunition, and could not fight. If he had held out, we would have cap- tured and broken up the band. They left here at 8 a. in., and were at Boston at 3 p. m. They number 150. A major with 150 men of Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry was at Chaplin at noon, going to Lawrenccburg. Send orders. DE WITT C. SMITH, Major Ninth Michigan. I answered by direction of Colonel Fairleigh: Scour the country; act according to your jud~ment and information, and report. - On the 20th I received the following Page 30 30 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. BARDST0WN, June 19, 1864. The operator at Elizabethtown reports the rebels, who passed through here with re-enforcements, stopping at Stephensburg, ten miles west of Elizabethtown, re- ceiving re-enforcements. I just heard of severalparties passing few miles from town yesterday p. m. T. H. SMITH, Operator. I again sent to Major Smith as follows: Push on. Report the facts to General Ewing, Munfordyille, and to me. After this I received the following from Major Smith: BARDSTOWN, June 20, 1864. The rebel band are passing back in small squads on by-roads in Spencer County. Shall I move that way~ Some fifty or sixty have already passed. I have scouted back to Bloomfield and in all directions from here. They passed farther north. D. W. C. SMITH, Ninth 2lilichigan Caralry. I immediately answered: For Gods sake go ahead! Take them where you find them. On Tuesday morning a citizen of Bardstowu called at my office, with the request from Major Smith that he might be permitted to remain in Nelson and Marion Counties for a short time, in search of roving bands of guerrillas who continually infest those counties; also asking that re- enforcements be sent him. I again telegraphed Major Smith as fol- lows: Act according to your judgment. You will be re-enforced, and now felt sure something would be accomplished. Judge of my surprise then at receiving the following: BARD5TOWN, June 21, 1864. Have just received dispatch that my brigade leaves Nicholasville for the south in a few days. I start for there to-night. Will leave Captain OReily here with the balance of the men. D. W. C. SMITH, Major Ninth Michigaa Caralry. This I answered as follows: Your dispatch is received. Remain where you are until re-enforcements, which start to-morrow, reach Bardstown. This in turn was answered by Captain OIReily, as follows: BARDSTOWN, June 21, 1864. Major Smith marched this afternoon to join his command. I have no officer to assist me. Will I remain here? If so, send inc rations. We have not discovered a single rebel. What re-enforcements are coming? M. OREILY, Captain, Commanding. June 24 I received orders from Colonel Fairleigh to send all men of Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry to Muufordville, whereupon I at once started what few remained here, and sent the following telegram to Captain OIReily. BARD5TOwN. Report with Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry to General Ewing at Munfordyille, and send here the men of Second Indiana and First Wiscoi~sin. Tell them to look sharp on their return here, The men arrived here the same evening, and are now in camp near Taylor Barracks; since then the rest of the Ninth Pennsylvania re- turned from Frankfort. T had them furnished with the requisite num- ber of horses, and yesterday they started for Munfordyille Page 31 CEAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 31 In conclusion, I beg leave to say that too much credit cannot be given to all the men, including the Louisville Dragoons, for the prompt- ness displayed in executing all orders. Brig. Gen. H. Allen, chief quartermaster, was very efficient, and cheerfully furnished horses to mount the different detachments of men; I remain, general, most respectfully, your obedient servant, JULIUS FOSSES, Captain and Aide-dc- Camp, Asst. Inspector- General of Cavalry. Brig. Gen. S. G. BURBUIDGE, Commanding District of Kentucky. No. 4. Reports of Capt. George H. Laird, Acting Assistant Quartermaster. FALMOUTH, Ky., June 12, 18G4. General Hobson and staff have just arrived; they surrendered yes- terday about noon after having their force entirely surrounded, making it an impossibility for them to do otherwise. The rebels were under Mor- gan in person, and our force, about 500 of the One hundred and seventy- flrsfOhio and 70 men, could not possibly escape. Morgan claims to have been en route for this place, but Hobson held him in check from 5 a. m. until noon, which gave Burbridge time to follow his rear, which he did this morning. The men fought well and were completely exhausted before the surrender. The One hundred and seventy-first lost about 60 killed and wounded. Colonel Asper, Lieutenant-Colonel Harmon, and Major Fowler are there with him. Reports say Morgan is routed and flying. I have sent some cavalry to the Brookville road to intercept stragglers. The general is to either make arrangements for immediate exchange, or return with them a prisoner. Three staff officers accompany them. Will give you full particulars to-morrow. G. H. LAIRD, Captain and Acting Assistant Quartermaster. General HEJNTZELMAN. FALMOUTH, June 13, iSGI. Went out with scouts yesterday to Brookville road; captured a lieu- tenant and 7 men. Have sent fifty men to Claysville road this morning to either pick up stragglers or report to our force, if there. General Hobson and staff are here. They held the enemy for nearly seven hours. G. H. LAJIRD, Captain and Acting Assistant Quartermaster. Capt. J. BATES DICKSON, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 5. Reports of Brig. Gen. Edward II. Hobson, U. S. Army. FALMOUTH, June 11, 1864. I have the honor to report that I ani heie with my staff and Col. J. F. Asper, Lieutenant-Colonel Harmon, Major Fowler, One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard, and Lieutenant Arnett, Fifty-secon Page 32 32 KY., SW. YA~, TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Kentucky. General Morgan took us prisoners, and at Morgan~s sug- gestion we came here under escort of three rebel officers as prisoners with flag of truce. We all refused to accept anything like a parole after the fight, and came here with rebel pfficers at Morgans suggestion to place ourselves in immediate communication with the ~military authori- ties of United States for the purpose of obtaining an exchange for offi- cers of equal rank with ourselves. If we waited we were to return with rebel officers to Morgan. General Sleminer, at Cincinnati, says the offi- cers are prisoners of war. No stated time is given for return to Mor- gan. I request instructions concerning the matter. Will send an officer to Lexington with fuller statement. Not obligated to not take up arms or not give information. E. H. HOBSON, Capt. J. BATES DICKSON. Brigadier- Uen~ral. HDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, DISTRiCT OF KENTUCKY, Lexington, Ky., June 20, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that on the 11th instant, with 600 men, One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Gua~rd, I at- tacked one brigade of Morgans force at Kellers Bridge, estimated at 800 men; drove them from the field, with some loss to my own and enemys forces. IRebels re-enforced and again made their appearance with force of 1,500 men, and were again driven from the field. At this point my force was reduced to 400 men, very much exhausted from loss of sleep and hard fighting. Rebels again rallied, when the engagement became general. My commaiid being insufficient to protect my rear and flanks, I was completely surrounded and compelled to surrender. At this time my force consisted of 300 men and officers. My losses were variously estimated. I believe, however, that the killed and woundea amounted to not less than 70 men and officers. General Mor- gan proposed that the field officers of One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard, with myself and staff; should place ourselves in communication with the military authorities of the U. S. Army for the purpose of effecting an exchange for officers of equal rank. This J agreed to, upon consultation with Colonel Asper, Lieutenant-Colonel Harmon, and Major Fowler, of One huiidred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard. We were escorted from Kellers Bridge to Falmouth, Ky., under flag of truce. On our arrival at Falmouth the rebel officers were arrested by the military authorities and held as prisoners of war. I telegraphed you my situation, and stated to you that I was not under obligations not to give information of the enemys movements. I would not obligate myself not to take up arms against the so-called Southern Confederacy, to accept anything like a parole. You will see from the inclosed paper* niy exact situation, which I am morally bound to com- ply with, and hope you will use your influence with the War Depart: ment for an exchange of officers of equal rank. In accepting the terms mentioned in the inclosed paper, it was done on my part at the earnest solicitations of Col. J. F. Asper, Lieutenant-Colonel Harmon, and Major Fowler, of the One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard, l00~days~ men. I refused positively to accept any terms in violation of the cartel, and informed General Morgan that I was his prisoner, and See p. 36 Page 33 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 33 that he could dispose of me as he thought best. This statement, if necessary, will be concurred in by the officers serving under me at the time the inclosed agreement was signed. I have endeavored during the recent troubles in this State to perform my duty as an officer aiid soldier. The small force under my command, with but [few] exceptions, de- serves the greatest praise for coolness and gallantry, and especially Colonel Asper, Lieutenant-Colonel Harmon, and Major Fowler, of One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Gu~ivd; also Captains Butler and Lott, Lieutenant Osborn, Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, and Lieu- tenant Arnett, Fifty-second Kentucky Mounted infantry, of my staff, are entitled to the greatest credit for promptness, coolness, and bravery during the fight.. As soon as possible a full and complete report of the fight at Kellers Bridge will be forwarded to your headquarters. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. II. HOBSON, Brigadier- General. Capt. J. BATES DICKSON, Assistant Adjutant- General, District of Kentucky. FALMOUTH, Ky., June 14 [24], 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of my oper- ations since leaving mouth of Beaver Creek, Big Sandy River, in obedi- ence to orders from Brigadier-General Burbridge: On the 5th of June I proceeded, with my staff and escort, via Paints- ville, to Louisa, taking one day and a half to make the distance. On arriving at Louisa I took a push-boat and forty men and proceeded down the Big Sandy. About four miles from Louisa we met the small boat Rover and turned her back, unloading the stores into the push- boat, which retnrned to Louisa. The Rover arrived at Catlettsbnrg at about 2 p. in. of the same day, as I would not permit her to stop for passengers or freight. At 5 p. m. we took passage on the Ohio No. 3 (except the escort, which was left at Louisa) and a~ r ved at Ciucinnati, Ohio, at 12 in. on the 8th of June. I did nIt in Cincinnati, but crossed to Covington, expecting to go by rail t6 ~exington on special train, which I had ordered by telegraph from Catlettsburg. Arriving at Covington Captain Butler, assistant adjutant-general of my staff, in- formed inc that it had been reported to him that the road was cut, and he had been to the railroad office and had learned that snch was the case. I then heard of the capture of Mount Sterling by Morgan and the destruction of two bridges on Kentucky Central Railroad, aimd know- ing there was but a small force to oppose Morgan, and that nearly all my mounted force was with General Burbridge in the hills of Eastern Kentucky, I immediately gathered up the nien at Covington, intending to advance toward Lexington, and to my chagrin I found only 230 men could be raised, including the militia which I had ordered to be called out. There were nine miles of fortifications around Covington to protect, and this force was munch too small to do it. I represented the scarcity of troops in Kentucky and the situation to Governor Morton, of Indiana, ~nd Major-General Heintzelman, commanding Northern Department1 3 R ]iYOL XXXIX7 PT I Page 34 34 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. I directed the movement of the small force at Lexington and Louisville by telegraph, and also sent the news of capture of Mount Sterling amid the whereabouts of Morgan to Col. S. B. Brown, at Louisa, to be forwarded to Brigadier-General Burbridge, who was supposed to be at or near Pound Gap, with the cavalry force of my division. I continued my efforts to raise more men in the mean time, an(I at length concluded to leave the fortifications with a small guard and send all the men I could raise to meet Morgan aud prevent the destruction of the railroad and bridges. I raised 130 men, consisting of Fiftieth Veteran Reserve Corps, fifty of Forty-seventh Kentucky, amid thirty militia, and put Capt. George H. Laird, of my staff imi command, and sent them to Falmouth, where they were joined by thirty mnore militia. This was domme on the 8th of June. Captaimi Laird deserves great credit for his mammagement of these men ami(l his promptness in furnishing informuatiomi by telegraph of the enemys mnovemnents. In the mnean time Governor Morton semit omme regimnemit from Indiana to Louisville to protect the city, or to be sent to Frankfort for the protection of that place. In the mean time Major-Gemiieral lleintzelman was furnishing me all the assistamice possible by shipping troops from Ohio. I soon had the First and Secomid Ken- tucky Regiments, whose termus of service had nearly expired. They were placed in the fortifications amid barracks as a garrison for Covington. On the arrival of One hundred amid sixty-eighth Ohio National Guard (100-days men) they were ordered at once to go by rail to Cynthiana, and guard the railroad bridges on the road. The regiment came to me with no ammunition and very poor guns. I am obliged to report that a few of the officers, and a great many mnen of this regiment, refu sedto march, and Company K actually stacked their armns. Under these em barrassing circumstances I had but little hope of repulsing Morgan before he had accomplished all the destructiomi of the road. At 4 p. m. 10th of Jumme Col. J. F. Asper, One hummdred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard, reported to me, with his regiment, imi Covington. I at once ordered a train of cars to convey the troops to Cynthiana, knowing that the One hundred and sixty-eighth Ohio would probably be attacked mu a day or so. Two hundred and fifty horses were also ordered to be drawn from Captain Webster, assistant quartermaster, Covingtomi, and loaded on the train. These horses were drawn for the Thirtieth Kentucky Infantry, and were to have been taken to Lexington for their use. At 11 p. m. 10th of June I got on the train with niy staff and proceeded with One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard to Kellers Bridge, about one mile north of Cynthiamia, arriving there at 4 a. m. Jmmne 11. Colonel Asper had got his men off the cars, and was distributing rations and extra amumunition to them, when firing was heard in direction of Cynthiana. A man from the town reported that a detachmnent of One hundred and sixty-eighth Ohio were needing a~- sistance. Colonel Asper immediately sent two companies to recomi- noiter from a smuahl hill, and to ascertain how far the enemy were from us. Soon after they had reached the top of the hill, a squad of rebel cavalry camne toward the train. I suppose they had heard the noise of the train, and had been sent out to reconnoiter. Our two coin- panies fired into them and they ran in the direction they had comne. A few seconds after this we observed a force of cavalry mnoving to our rmght, as mf to mntercept the traimi, which had been ordered back with the horses, and a line of skirmishers was seen advancing through a field upon our position. Capt. J. S. Butler, assistant adjutant-general of my staff immediately mounted on~ of the few horses which had beci Page 35 CHAP. LI.) MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 35 taken from the train, and taking one company of One hundred and sev- enty-first Ohio National Guard and some convalescent men of Fifty- second Kentucky, who had accompanied us, threw out a line of skir- mishers, and attacked the rebels in the field, and drove them until they were re-enforced and had sheltered themselves in the woods. Our line was re-enforced and skirmishing kept up for an hour more, when the town was seen to be on fire and the firing ceased in Cynthiana. The shouts of the rebels led us to believe that the detachment of the One hundred and sixty-eighth Ohio in town had surrendered. Immediately afterward the rebel cavalry were seen moving to the right of us, and a heavy force of dismounted men advauced upon our front. Our line of skirmishers was slowly pressed back on the main force, and the detach- ment of Forty-seventh Kentucky, about thirty strong, under Captaill Wilson, who was ordered to hold a small eminence under the protection of a fence, was driven from its grounds after a few rounds, and with very slight resistance. Captain Wilson w~is slightly wounded on the side of the neck, and left the field. The One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard had never been under fire as a regiment, and, with the exception of two companies, the regiment xvas moved to the rear and formed on a small hill in the woods, for the purpose of better protection, and to prevent being flanked by a force still moving on our right. This last position we stubbornly defended for five hours, until we were coin- pletely surronuded by a largely superior force, and General Morgan sent in two flags of truce and demanded our surrender. Colonel Asper met the flags and reported to me that the terms were that we should surrender as prisoners of war. I called my staff and the field officers of One hundred and seventy-first Ohio together, and after learning the number of men left, and knowing of no chance of being re-enfoiced, and the troops in town having surreiidered, and the traiii having been cap- tured and knowing of no good to be accomplished by a further loss of life, being completely surrounded by about 2,500 rebels, while my small force left was but from 275 to 300 effective, I thought it useless to attempt to repulse the enemy, as my men were entirely exhausted, and a great many not even able to reach the river to procure water to quench their thirst. When General Morgan came up to our position he modi- fied the terms, and allowed officers to retain their side arms and private property, and the men to keep their haversacks, private property, and blankets, in consideration of our stubborn fighting. I am happy to report that the conduct of Col. J. F. Asper, Lient. Col. H. It. Harmon, Maj. M. A. Fowler, Captain Hatch, and all the officers of the One hundred and seVenty-first Ohio National Guard, with a few exceptioiis, deserve the highest praise; amid had the men ever been under fire before they would have been equal to veterans. General Mor- gan soon after the surrender moved all the prisoners, except myself and staff and field officers of the One hundred and seventy-first Ohio, about two miles from the field, amid it appeared from the preparation that the officers kept were to be sent off at once with a strong guard to prevent our escape or recapture. General Morgan then suggested to me that I should select such officers as I thought proper and proceed to the nearest point of communication and attempt an exchange for the muen captured by him in Kentucky for some of his men who were 1mm the hands of Federal authorities. He proposed that we should sigmi such an agreement to return to him in case I could not effect an exchange. I refused to sign such an agreement for three reasons: First. I thought that if General Burbridge was informed of Morgans moyements h Page 36 36 KY., SW. VA., TENN.~ MI~., ALA., ANtI N. ~A. tcHAP LI. would be pursuing him, and by negotiation I could delay Morgan~s1Rarcl1a Second. I thought he would be compelled to itd~ormal1y parole and release the prison~rs, as he had doue on previous raids. Third. I Was a prisoner, aud, of course, had nothing to do but submit to any Piode of imprisonment my captors should think proper, and wa~ entirely at their disposal. At the request of Colonel Asper, of the One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard (100-days men), I afterward con- sented to sign the agreement, in order that we should do what was in our l)OWC~ for the benefit of the captured 100-days men. The agree- ment was then drawn up by General Morgans assistant inspector- general, Captain Allemi. When I read it I found it contained an obli- gation not to take up arms or give information, and contained the requirements of a parole. Every officer present emphatically refused signing the paper, and told Captain Allen we would not accept a parole, and preferred going to Richmnond. After a negotiation, in which the enemy had been delayed for four hours after the fight, the annexed agreement was signed, and we returned under flag of truce to Fal- month, arriving there at dusk on the 12th of June. The night of the 12th the three rebel officers and one private were placed umider guard by the provost-marshal of the town under the charge of violatimig the privilege of flag of truce by associating with rebel symnpathizers and receiving visitors and walking around the town. It is proper to inemition here that the Federal officers were the prisoners of the rebel officers, and that they passed into our lines without being met by a flag of truce, and took us with them. As the situation of myself and other officers is a peculiar one, I would respectfully ask the decision of the proper authority in regard to the latter part of this report. Please find inclosed the report* of Col. J. F. Asper, One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, B. H. HOBSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers. Capt. J. BATES DICKSON, Assistant Adjutant- General, District of Kentucky. [inclosure.] NEAR CYNTHIANA, Ky., June 11, 1864. I, Brig. Gen. B. H. Hobson, commuanding forces U. S. Armny, and the following offl6ers, John S. Butler, captain and assistant adjutant-general; George G. Lott, captain and aide-dc-camp; Joel F. A sper, colonel One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard~ Hemiian li. Harmon, lieutenant-colonel One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard; N. A. Fowler, major One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard; Lient. J. W. Arnett. Fifty-second Kentucky, and W. Lee Osborn, first lieutenant and aide-de-camnp, this day captured by Brig. Gen. John H. Morgan, C. S. Army, do hereby give our parole of honor to place ourselves in immnediate commnunication with the mnilita7~y au- thorities of the United States for the purpose of obtaining ami exchange for officers of equal rank with ourselves, and should we fail to accom- plish said exchange we give our word of honor that we will report direct Thee p. 55 Page 37 CHAP. LI] SIORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 37 to Brig. Gen. John H. Morgan in the shortest time practicable, and by the most direct route, under charge of three officers and one private selected to escort us.. E. H. HOBSON, Brigadier- General, Commanding U. S. Forces. JOHN S. BUTLER, Captain ai~d Assistant Adjutant- General. GEORGE 0-. LOTT, Captain and Aide-dc-Camp. W. LEE OSBORN, Lieutenant and Aide-dc- Camp. J. W. ARNETT, Second Lieutenant, Fifty-second Kentucky. H. R. HARMON, Lieutenant-Colonel 171st Ohio National Guard. J. F. ASPER, Colonel 171st Ohio National Guard. M. A. FOWLER, Major 171st Ohio National Guard. Witness: B. H. ALLEN, Inspector- General, Morgans Cavalry. No. 6. Report of Col. David A. Mims, Thirty-ninth Kentucky Infantry, com manding brigade. HDQRS. SEcoND Buw~., FIRST Div., DIST. o~ KENTUCKY, Lexington, Ky., June 30, 18G4. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Second Brigade in the recent battle at Cynthiana, Ky., fought on the morning of the 12th of June, 1864, between the U. S. forces under the command of Brig. 0-en. S. G. Burbridge and the Con- federate forces under General John H. Morgan: At daylight we came up with the rebels, posted on a hill about one mile and a half from the town of Cynthiana. We found the enemy in line of battle behind a stone wall and a rail fence, which had been so fixed as to afford good protection to their men. When the Second Bri- gade arrived skirmishing had already begun on the right by the First Brigade. The Second Brigade was immediately formed in line of battle in a corn-field as follows: The Thirty-ninth Kentucky, dismounted, on the right, with the Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, mounted, on the left. Iii this order the brigade moved up the hill under a terrible fire from the enemy. The Thirty-ninth Kentucky succeeded in reaching the enemys position with the loss of 1 man killed and 3 or 4 slightly wounded, none of them, however, quitting the ranks. As the regiment gained the wall and fence the enemy fled precipitately, leaving a number of killed and wounded behind. The Eleventh Michigan Cavalry repeatedly charged the rebel lines, driving them in great confusion, until the rebels formed behind a stoue wall. From this position they poured a deadly volley into the ranks of the Eleventh Michigan, killing 20 horses. this for a moment checked the advance of the Eleventh Michigan, but it was of short duration. Soon the enemy were again flying l)efore them Page 38 38 KY., SW. VA., TFNNT., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. From the time the Second Brigade entered the fight until the enemy were driven through the town and completely routed it did not stop, but steadily adv~~eed,in no in stance fighting over the same ground a second time. The officers and men of both regiments did their duty. As the bri- gade fought under the immediate notice and direction of the general commanding it is needless for me to particularize. The following is the list of casualties in the two regiments: Thirty- ninth Kentucky Mounted Infantry,* Eleventh Michigan Cavalry;t making a total in the brigade of 5 killed and 18 wounded. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. A. MJMS, Colonel, Commanding Second Brigade. Capt. J. BATES DICKSON, Assistant Adjutant- General, District of Kentucky. No. 7. Report of Col. Charles S. Hanson, Thirty-seventh Kentitchy Infantry, commanding brigade. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FIRST Div., DIST. OF KENTUCKY, Lexington, July 8, 1864. GENERAL: In obedience to special order issued from headquarters First Division, District of Kentucky, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Third Brigade in the late campaign in Kentucky, in pnrsuit of the rebel General John H. Mor- gans command: On the 19th of May, 1864, in compliance with orders from division headquarters, I moved with seven companies (A, B, C, E, F, G, and I) of the Thirty-seventh Kentucky Mounted Infantry Volunteers, nuin- bering about 270 mnen, from Irvine, Ky., and arrived within eight miles of Mount Sterling, Ky., where I halted for the night. I here learned that Col. John H. Grider, Fifty-second Kentucky Mounted Infantry, had returned fromu a scout to Pound Gap, where lie had been sent with a portion of the command twelve days prior to my leaving Irvine. I semint back a courier to Colonel Grider, ordering him to report to the comnmand at Moumit Sterling with all the remaining mounted muen of the brigade. I arrived at Mount Sterling on the 20th of May; Colonel Grider joined mne on the 21st, the whole command amnounting to 570 men. On the same day Lieutenant Hyde, of First Wisconsin Heavy Artillery, reported within one section of his battery to me for duty with my brigade. While here I drew some ammunnition and other supplies for my commnand, and on the 23d of May moved in the direction of Pound Gap under command of Brigadier-General Hobson, then com- manding this division. Nothing of interest occurred until we arrived at the mouth of Beaver Creek, on the evening of May 27, 1864, where we were halted until supplies of rations and forage could be brought from Louisa, Ky., to enable us to comntinue the mnarch. General Bur- bridge joined the commuand at this point, and I received orders to move the next morning (May 28), which order was coumintermininanded upon ~ Nominal list (omitted) shows 2 killed and 7 wounded. Nominal list (omitted) shows 3 killed and 11 wounded Page 39 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 39 the general ascertaining that the supplies from Louisa had failed to arrive; and I was ordered with the balance of the division to send all my serviceable horses to Louisa to bring supplies to that point. These supplies arrived on the 3d day of June, 18(4, and on the 5th following I moved with my command in the direction of Pound Gap. On the same day Maj. F. II. THierbower, Fortieth Kentucky Mounted Infantry, reported to me for duty with three companies of his regiment, in ac- cordance with orders received the day previous. While at the mouth of Beaver Creek the section of artillery under command of Lieutenant Hyde was ordered to return to Louisa, and one section of Battery C, First Kentucky Light Artillery, under Lieutenant MeReynolds, and one section of mountain howitzers, under Lieutenant Waiters, reported to inc for duty. My command moved to within eighteen miles of Pound Gap that night. On the morning of the 6th of June, in obedience to orders from Gen- eral Burbridge (who was then in command of the division, General Hobson having been ordered back by the way of Louisa, Ky., the day previous), I sent Colonel Grider, with eight companies of the Fifty- second and three companies of the Thirty-seventh Kentucky Mounted Infantry, amounting to about 425 men, with instructions to occupy Pound Gap, and destroy all property belonging to the enemy or Gov- ernment property found there which might be of use to the enemy and was liable to fall into their hands, and then to move rapidly on the track of Morgan, on his march into Central Kentucky. At the same time I moved with the balance of my command, with the rest of the division. in the direction of Prestonburg, Ky., and arrived there at 9 oclock that night. At that point, in obedience to orders from General Burbridge, I left all my dismounted men amid those having disabled horses under charge of Lieutenant Stone, Thirty-seventh Kentucky In- fantry, numberimig about fifty; 1 also left the ambulances and the sec- tion of light artillery; all of which was reported in obedience to orders to Col. C. J. True, Fortieth Kentucky Infantry. The following morn- ing, June 7, my command (then consisting of about 100 men of the Fifty-second amid Thirty-seventh Kentucky Mounted Infantry Itegi- mnent~s, under Major Tyler, and one section of mountain howitzers, under command of Lieutenant MeReynolds) moved, with the rest of the division, through Salyersville amid Hazel Green, Ky., and arrived at a point five miles from Mount Sterling at 2 a. in. of the 9th of June, 1864. There the division was rebrigaded, and time Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Kentucky Infantry Regiments being ordered to inc for duty, in a few minutes the division moved forward, Col. J. M. Browns bri- gade in the advance, Col. Ii. W. Itatliff in the center, and mine in the rear. The advance of the column move(l and engaged the enemy at 3.30 a. in., micar Mount Sterling. Moving omi to their left, my brigade came up and engaged them on their right, and a sharp fight kept up for about three hours. In the confusion incident to moving so rapidly and dashing upon the enemy so suddenly, and being confimmed in a nar- row road, imiclo sed by high fences, unable to deploy forces rapidly, my command fell into a little confusion, umider a steady and heavy fire from the enemy, but soon recovered an(I niove(i upon theni steadily and with the regularity of veterans, and soon reoccimpied the little ground we had lost. It was under these circumstances of confusiomi and disadvantage that the enemy captured one of the muountain howitzers in my command. My forces intended to support the howitzers were unable to get in position, and the enemy by a sudden dash drove back time very small force I then had near it and captnred a gun, but the ammunnition-ches Page 40 40 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. was saved by Lieutenant MelReynolds, assisted by Captain Trebein. The captured piece was moved off a few hundred yards, and Captain Hicks, Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, received my permission to take his company and recapture it, and before the fighting ceased he reported it to me. The conduct of Captain Trebein and Lieutenant McReynold~ in saving the ammunition chest, and Captain Hicks in recovering the piece from the enemy, was darin g and gallant, and for which they have my thanks. During the engagement the officers and men behaved with coolness and courage, and I noticed especially the good conduct of Col- onel Mims, Thirty-ninth Kentucky; Lieutenant-Colonel Mullins and Major Bierbower, Fortieth Kentucky Infantry; Major Tyler, Fifty-sec- ond Kentucky, and Lieutenant McReynolds, Company C, First Ken- tucky Artillery, and the officers and men nnder them. During the day the enemy made an attack on the Winchester pike, and kept up a heavy firing on the right and left of the road for several hours, and re- tired about 5 oclock in the evening. While we were there my brigade was again changed, and when we moved next morning (June 10) at 4 oclock it consisted of two battalions of Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cav- alry, Fortieth Kentncky Infantry, and detachments of Thirty-seventh and Fifty-second Kentucky Infantry, and one section of mounted howitzers. My brigade, with Major Tyler, commanding detachments Thirty-seventh and Fifty-second Kentucky, in the extreme advance, moved through Winchester into Lexington, Ky., arriving there about 12 m. Finding no enemy here, we rested until about 12 oclock that night (in the mean time drawing some fresh horses and supplies). Col. H. W. Ratliff being assigned to duty as post commandant of Lexington, Ky., the Third Battalion of Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry reported, in obedience to orders, to me for duty. Moved with my command about 1 a. m. June 11 in the direction of Paris, Ky., arriving there about daybreak next morning. There we fed, and remained until about 10 oclock that night, when I moved with my brigade in front of the division in the direction of Cymuthiana, Ky. Major Tyler, Fifty-second Kentucky, had the extreme advance, and encountered the enemys pickets at 2.20 a. m. June 12 about two miles and a half from Cynthiana and drove them back, and soon became en- gaged with the enemys skirmishers and held them in check until the column elosed up. The Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry was moved to the extreme right of my brigade, and the Fortieth Kentucky Mounted Infantry, dismounted, formed on their left, extending across the Paris pike. I ordered my brigade forward. They moved steadily on, and a heavy engagement coninienced, lasting about one hour, when the enemy was repulsed and driven back iii confusion. My command, with the rest of the division, charged upon the town and soon occupied it, and con- tributed in capturing a large number of prisoners, horses, & c. After resting several hours I received orders from General Burbridge to move with my mounted men through Carlisle to Mount Sterling, and there dispose of my force so as to scour as much of the country as possi- ble, and capture or scatter all of the bands or squads of time enemy that might be in that vicinity. At I p. in. June 1~ we moved, and arrived at Mount Sterling at 9 oclock next morning. Before arriving at Mount Sterling I learned that Col. J. H. Under had arrived there with his force of about 425 men, and I sent Captain Trebein, my acting assistant adjutant- general, ahead to order Colonel Grider to have his nien in the street and ready to move by the time I arrived. Upon my arrival I sent him with his force by rapid march to Mud Lick Springs, with instructions to send a force in the direction of Poplar Plaimus, and otherwise scou Page 41 CHAP. LI.) MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 41 the country in that vicinity, so as to prevent the escape of ally retreat- ing or straggling rebels. This duty Colonel Grider performed well, and detachments of his command caine up with and pursued several small bodies of the enemy, which could not be captured, as the fleeing en.emy scattered among the hills and brushes. He, however, succeeded in cap- turing 1 lieutenant and a couple of men, and killed 1 of the enemy, and in a few days lie received orders from district headquarters to report to Lexington. In the mean time I had sent him orders to take his com- mand to West Liberty, which orders he never received. After gathering sonic rations for the command, I left Mount Sterling at 2 a. in. June 14, and nio red through Winchester in the direction of Richmond, and at Kentucky River I divided my force, sending about 300 men, under Major Bierbower, Fortieth Kentucky, to Irvine, Ky where he arrived at 8 oclock next morning. The rest of the command I took with me to Richmond, and arrived there at 2 oclock that night. I remained there until 7 a. m. June 15, when I moved on to Irvine, and arrived there at 2 p. m. I heard nothing in Richmond making it proper to send any forces in any other direction. When I arrived at Irvine I drew rations and forage for the men and horses for the first time since we left Paris, having subsisted on the route as the kind people of Car- lisle, Mount Sterling, Winchester, and Richmond could hastily prepare for us, and the horses by grazing along the route. The men and horses being very much fatigued, and many of the horses unshod, I determined to rest several days in Irvine, but learning from reliable sources that about 300 rebels tinder Colonel Giltuer, with some 250 led horses, had crossed the Kentucky River, near the mouth of Drowning Creek, the day previous to my arrival there, and although lie would have about fifty miles the start of me by the time I could get rea(ly to march I determined to pursue him with 300 picked umen amid horses, and to catch him if in the power of horse-flesh and human endurance to do it. At 5 p. m. June 16 I moved with Major Bierbower and 300 men, with three days rations, and arrived at Booneville, thirty-fire miles from Irvine, at 6 oclock next morning, there grazed the stock, and got more certain information as to his route, and secured the services of Caney Winn and H. A. Smith (citizens of Booneville) as guides. At 5 p. m. June 17 moved up the South Fork of Kentucky River, then up Red Bird, and halted forty-five miles front Booneville at noon the next day, and grazed the horses about four hours. A number of the horses having given out, and many of the men being omi foot, I inspected the comnmuand and select~d 160 of the best horses and moved forward rapidly with them, organizing the remainder and placing them under a conunissioned officer, and directing him to move on as rapidly as practi- cable. We traveled all that night and crossed Pine Mountain about day- break next morning during a terrible rain, which rendered it almost impassable to men and horses, and landed on Cumberland River six miles from Mount Pleasant, at 6 oclock that morning, where I learned that the enemy had left Mount Pleasant abont an honr before, moving rapidly to make his escape through Cramiks Gap. My horses being broken down, having gotten only eight ears of corn since leaving Irvine, subsisting the rest of the time on bushes, weeds, and a little white clover, I was unable to move farther. Captain and the guide Winn vol- unteered to take a scout of six men and go forward to ascertain fnr- tImer facts, amid to know certainly that the enemy had made his escape. 1mm the mean time I had the horses unsaddled and allowed them to browse in the bushes, and the men to refresh themselves with a little much needed sleep. Captain went to Mount Pleasant amid be Page 42 42 KY., p3W. VA., TENN., MW~., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. yond and Could see nothing of the enemy. Being satisfied that it would be impossible to overtake them, even if our horses had been fresh, and there being no snpplies at INtonnt Pleasant or in that vicinity for men or horses, 1 (letermined to move as rapidly as possible by the way of Cumberland Ford to Barboursville to get the much needed supplies. Jn th~ mean time I sent a courier back to the dismounted force to proceed by the nearest route to Richmond, Ky. I encamped that night near the Cumberland Ford. Next night, June 20, we encamped at Barbours- ville, and drew oats for our horses, but could get no rations for my men. At 4 oclock next morning we moved in the direction of London, and encamped two miles and a half this side at Pittmans Station, where we drew rations aiid forage for men and horses. There we received orders by telegraph from district headquarters to send scouts in dif ferent directions, which orders were promptly obeyed, the scouts hav- ing since reported. After remaining there about fifteen hours I moved in the direction of Richmond, and encamped the night of June 22 this side of Big Hill, fifteen miles from Richmond; and grazing the horses well that night we moved early next morning, having (lehightftil weather and fine roads; we arrived at Lexington at 11 p. in. June 23. The march of 470 miles, from Cynthiana to Cumnberland River and back to Lexington in eleven days, is perhaps the most rapid and trying known during this war, especially that from Irvine to the Cumnberland, a distance of 120 miles in less than sixty hours, with stock the most of which had already traveled nearly a thousand miles. This route passed over the roughest road known in the Kentucky Mountains, many parts of it so rough that we had to move by single file, heading the horses. This pursuit would not have been persisted in after the first forty hours march from Irvine but for the assurance that the enemy did not know of our approach, and that they had made arrange- ments to halt at Mount Pheasant to feed their men and horses. -They did intend to halt there several days, and 1 was pressing forward to attack them at 2 a. in. June 19, but it was impossible to get there in that time, and having to cross Pine Mountain, arriving on tIme Cumber- land after day, gave their emissaries an apportunity of sending forward information of our approach, and, besides, tIme enemy received informa- tion from Virginia that night that a force was going np Powells Valley to cut them off, which made them push for the Gap. I know of no good that resulted from this severe marchm after Giltuer, except to give my officers and soldiers a severe training in the duties of hard marching, and to give the enemy a good scare after we got near them, and to admonish them that the Federal soldier camm endure the liardest, umost trying, and rapid marches through the mountains, with- out supplies for either mneim or horses, and gaul on tbemu at least fifty miles in sixty hours. Throughout this severe campaign I have been encouraged by the cheerful obedience of the officers and men, wlmo seemed constantly im- pressed with the important mission in which they were engaged and actuated by a sense of duty, and moved by a desire to do all in their power to accomplish the end; a~nd I am especially grateful to the men for their cheerful submission to orders amid I)atiemmt endurance of hard- ships in time expedition froum Irvine to Cranks Gap; and the detach ments of the Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Fortieth Kentucky, Thirty-sevemith and Fifty-second Kentucky Moumited Infantry, have my thaimks for their soldierly bearing during the expedition. And in conclusion, I xvould returmi umy heartfelt thanks to Capt. A. XV. Trebein for his ready and pronipt attentiomi to all tIme responsible dutie Page 43 CHAP. LI.) MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 43 that devolved upon him during this campaign. Tie has always ren- dered a cheerful obedience to all orders. He was in the engagements at Mount Sterling and Cynthiana, an(l did his duty well, proved him- self an officer of ~u(lgment and experience, as well as a gallant soldier. I would also speak in high praise of Captain Hicks, Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Doctor Haselwood, Thirty-seventh Kentucky, Lieu- tenant Armstrong, Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Captains Watts and White, and Quartermaster Mattingly, Thirty-seventh Kentucky Infantry, all of whom were on my staff during a portion or all of the campaign; Captain Hicks, Lieutenant Armstrong, and Doctor ilasel- wood went through the entire campaign. They did their duty faith- fully and cheerfully, and rendered any other service necessary to pro- mote the success of the expedition, and by their prompt and willing manner gave hope and strength to my command. I am under obligations to all of the soldiers who have been under my command for any time during this expedition, and, ask Gods bless- ing upon theni. But I am especially grateful to the Thirty-ninth, Four- tieth, and a small detachment of Thirty-seventh and Fifty-second Ken- tucky Mounted Infantry Regiments, and one section of mountain howit- zers that were in my brigade during the fight at Mount Sterling, Ky.; and Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Fortieth Kentucky, and detach- ment of Thirty-seventh and Fifty-second Kentucky that were with me at the fight at Cynthiana, for bravery displayed on the field, and efficient services rendered in the most trying hours of battle. I should, perhaps, not make s~pecial mention of any officer where all did their duty so well, but I will not conclude without speaking in com- plimentary terms of Colonel Mims, Thirty-ninth Kentucky, Lieu- tenant-Colonel Mullins and Major Bierbower, Fortieth Kentucky, and Major Tyler, Fifty-second Kentucky, and commending them for their general good conduct, They have been severely tried, and proved themselves officers and soldiers, and can be trusted without fear of bringing dishonor to any position to which they may be assigned. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHA~3. S. HANSON, Colonel, Commanding. Brig. Gen. N. C. McLEAN, Commanding First Division, District of Kentucky. The following is a list of casualties in my cOlflman(l: Killed Wounded Missin~ 3 0~ 1 Detachments 37th and 52(1 Kentucky 7(1 190 12th Ohio volunteer Cavalry 10 29 40th Kentucky Mounted Infautry Section mountain howitzers 1 2 Total 24 107 191 No. S. Beport of Col. John Mason Brown, Forty-fifth Kentucky Infantry, com~ manding brigade. HEADQUARTERS FOLTIITII BRIGADE, FIRST DrVISION, Lexington, Ky., Jnne 29, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the Imonor to submit the following report of the op- eratiomis of the force under my command from the muorning of 5th of Jun Page 44 44 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. nntil the return of the troops to Lexington. The Inovenietits prior to 5th instant have already been reported: Ou the morning of Sunday, 5th of Jnne (the division being under the immediate command of Brigadier-G-eneral Burbridge, commanding IDis- trict of Kentneky), I received orders to move my command in rear of the division np Mud Creek, a tributary of Big Sandy River, and in the direc- tion of Pound Gap. The return of one of my scouts, left to observe the enemy in the vicinity of Pound Gap, gave the first intimation that Mor- gan had crossed into Kentucky in force, and had camped on the night. of Friday, 3d of June, on the Rockhouse fork of the Kentucky River. On receipt of this intelligence, General Burbridge directed me to march iu a westerly direction, and observe, instructing me to harass the enemy if found, and impede his advance into the State. My command was neces- sarily a small one, there being but one regiment of myproper brigade pres- ent with the division. This regiment (the Forty-fifth Kentucky Mounted Infantry) and a detachment of the Thirty-ninth Kentucky Mounted Infantry, under Maj. J. B. Auxier, constituted my force on the march... I camped on the night of 5th of June at the forks of Beaver Creek, halt- ing chiefly for the purpose of ascertaining the movements ofrebel scouts, whose trail we had found. Finding that they had evidently gone south- ward toward Prestonburg, and inferring therefrom that the enemy were not apprehensive of pursuit, I determined to move as rapidly as due regard to caution would permit, and if possible head off the enemy until General Burbridge with the main body could come up on their rear. The march conducted in this way was very exhausting, both upon men and horses. The labor necessary to prevent information getting ahead of my column was of a kind that taxed both the sagacity amid endurance of my officers and memi to the utmost. It was performed, however, with unvarying thoroughness and alacrity. My camp for a few hours on the night of the 6th was on the Grassy Fork of Licking River, and from that point, the road being in better repair, my march was more rapid. On the 7th, passing through Salyersville, 1 learned by courier that Gen- eral Burbridge, with his division, was following rapidly. My brigade was consequently to be regarded as the advance of the division, and I regulated its movements accordingly. On the night of 7th I struck the State road at Shelby Wilsons house, six miles east of Hazel Green, arid there found the trail of Morgans entire force. From this point I made frequent captures of stragglers, but strictly prohibited any firing, in- tending to surprise the enemy if possible. A great part of the 8th was consumed in carefully skirmishing the woods adjacent to the road, and especially McCormicks Gap, a very formidable pass, which I was aston- ished to find entirely unguarded. The fact of there being no troops of the enemy at ~ Gap, convinced me thatthe enemymustbe entirely ignorant of our pursuit. A few miles farther on a wagon was met con- veying, under white flag, the body of a rebel officer kil at Mount Sterling. I ordered the flag party, , led the day before under guard, to the rear to report to General Burbridge. At the Widow Stevens, twelve umiles from Mount Sterling, I found a gentleman well known to me (but whose name it would be indiscreet to mention here), from whom I obtained full infor- mation as to the force and position of the emmemy at Mount Sterling. As this gentleman reported the rebel pickets very carelessly posted at the very verge of their camp, I concluded that a surprise by the whole di- vision was perhaps possible, and, therefore, halting my command, I rode back until I met General Burbridge, and conimunicated the intelli- gence. The general at once resolved on an attack, and instructed me to bring on the action by a charge through the rebel infantry camp, afte Page 45 CHAP. LI.] 45 MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. which I was to attack their cavalry on the Owingsville road, in the suburbs of the town. For this purpose the Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, commanded by Major Smith, was temporarily added to my brigade. At 4 a. m. on June 9 the engagement was opened by a charge of my brigade, the Forty-fifth Kentucky Mounted Infantry being in advance, supported by Eleventh Michigan Cavalry. The enemy were completely surprised, all their pickets killed before they could regain their camp, and the infantry of the enemy completely routed, with great slaughter. A howitzer attached to one of the brigades in my rear was unfortu- nately advanced too rapidly and cut my brigade in two on the narrow road, depriving me also of the support of Colonel IRatliffs brigade. This contretemps caused a few minutes delay, and gave the cavalry of the rebels an opportunity to save a part of their force by flight. The attack was, however, so vigorously pushed, under the direction ot the general commanding, that our success was complete. In this engage- ment I had cause to notice particularly the very gallant conduct of Capt. Frank Mott and Lieut. I). W. (4ernian, both of Company C, Forty-fifth Kentucky Mounted Infantry, which company was the ad- vance of my brigade. I have so frequently had occasion to praise the courage and ability of Captain Mott in former reports that it is un- necessary that I should say more than that he fully answered all the expectation that my knowledge of him had raised. Lieutenant Burgher, Company C, Eleventh Michigan Cavalry; Lieutenant Mason, Company A, Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, and Captain Hicks, Twelfth Ohio Cav- alry, also deserve special notice and commendation. The enemy after their rout were collected in some force, and xe-enforced from the vicin- ity of Winchester, -when an attempt was made to dislodge my com- mand from the position it occupied. A sharp skirmishing fight ensued, lasting for several hours, the enemy suffering severely, and the attack being completely repulsed. On the morning of 10th of June the march was ordered by the general toward Lexington, my brigade bringing up the rear with the prisoners. From Lexington I was directed to occupy the Maysville and Mount Sterling roads, leading out of Paris; but by subsequent orders the en- tire division was concentrated in Paris, whence I was ordered, oil the 11th of June, to demonstrate toward Millersburg and Carlisle, with a view to detaining the enemy at Cynthiana. At night-fall I reported back to Paris, and from that point, my men and horses being utterly exhausted, my command moved as reserve in the rear of the division to Cynthiana. The battle of Cynthiana was fought and won before my brigade could close up on the main body. In the afternoon of 12th I was instructed by the general commanding to march my command, with the prisoners, to Lexington, which place was reached on 13th, and at which point my headquarters have since been located. I inclose a copy of the report of killed, wounded, and missing, in the Forty-fifth Kentucky and Eleventh Michigan llegiinents.* I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ~ MASON BROWN, Colonel, Commanding Fourth Brigade. Capt. J. S. BUTLER, Assistant Adjntant- General. * Nominal list (omitted) shows 2 men killed, 1 officer and 7 men wounded, and 1 man missing of the Forty-fifth Kentucky, and 5 men killed, 1 ofdccv amul 19 muon wounded, and l~ men mi~ing of the hleveuth ~1ichi ~an Page 46 [CHAP. LI. 46 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. No. 9. Report of Col. Israel (Thrrard, AS1erenth Ohio Cavalry, commanding First Cavalry Brigade. HDQRS. FIRsT BRIGADE, CAVALRY COMMAND, DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO Nicholasrille, Ky., June 25, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that in obedience to your orders I moved my brigade, consisting of the Ninth Michigan Cavalry, Col. George S. Acker; the Seventh Ohio Cavalry, Lient. Col. George G. Miner and the First Battalion Sixteenth Kentucky Cavalry, Captaiu~ Bachmann, from Nicholasville to Lexington on Friday, tile 10th instant, and from there to Paris and Cynthiana, with the other troops, nuder commaIld of Brigadier-General Burbridgc, commanding District of Kentucky. On the march from Paris to Cynthiana my position in the column was in the rear of the two brigades of Colonels Hanson and Mims, and in advance of the brigade of Colonel Brown. On reaching the enemys position in front of the town of Cynthiana, thc two brigades in front of me being dismounted and deploycd, I moved my brigade off the road and formed it iii column of battalions and ~raited orders. I soon received orders from the general cominauiding in person to send one cavalry regiment to the right and one to the left of our line of bat- tle, with instructions to attack at once on the extreme flanks of the enemy. I sent the Ninth MichP~an Cavalry to the right and the Six- teenth Kentucky Cavalry to the left. I then received orders from the general commanding in pers~on to take command of the left wing. I at once rode forward to orir line of battle an(i found the enemy rapidly advancing from their second position upon us. The Sixteenth Ken- tucky, which reached me at that time, was dismounted and formed on the left 6f the line of dismounted troops, and the Seventh Ohio Cavalry was sent for, with orders to move by a route indicated to a position some distance beyond our left~, but toward which the enemy was moving. I joined the Seventh at the point designated. When the orders to charge were given orders were sent to the dismounted troops to spare no exertion to keel) pace as nearly as possible with the cavalry. The advance movement of the enemy caused them to be caught on very unfavorable groumid, and a number of them were captured, but many escaped owing to the detention caused by the high and strong fences which abounded in that locality. The charge of Company II, Seventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Captain Hall, upon the rebels posted among the buildings, stabhing, garden fences, & c., of a farm-house, was executed with great spirit and determination and success. The fences being pa~sed the Seventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry continued its movement at a gallop, until the advance battalion, Companies A, B, and C, nnder Captain Green, came up with the enemy, rallied in a strong position behind a stone wall. The effort to drive themmm from this by a charge was unsuccessful, and the battalion was driven by a close amid heavy fire back behind the cyest of the ridge, having met with a loss of 2 killed, ~i wounded, and the loss of 17 horses. The fire at such short range, and so well directed timat one horse was received seven shots. These comnpanies were at once reformned, and the remainder of the regiment kept under cover of the ridge. Time Six- teenth Kentucky Cavalry, dismounted, had used every exertion to keep up with the cavalry, and were now reaching me. I halted them to allow the mcmi to get their breath after a very fatiguing run over plowed land. They were themi sent forward. At the sante timne timree companies of the Seventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry were sent around t Page 47 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 47 the left to flank the position. The Sixteenth Kentucky Cavalry had become closely engaged, when the cavalry movement was seen and appreciated, and the enemy left their strong position and fled in con- fusion. It was in this attack on the stone wall that the Sixteenth Ken- tucky Cavalry met with its losses. The enemy made no other stand, and from that time the rout was complete. The flight of the enemy was over the whole face of the country in front of us. A portion of them moved through the bottom-lands to the left of the range of bluffs. This portion was pursued by the three companies sent to make the flank movement. During the chase Lieutenant McKnight, Company K, Seventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, a brave and experienced officer, was mortally woumided. The remainder of tIme Seventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry pursued in a direct line over the high ground. The Ninth Michigan Cavalry, on reaching a point to the right of oar line of bat- tle, umoved forward and found the enemys line of battle broken, and formed in an irregular column, mnoving toward the river. This informa- tion was semmt to the officer comnumanding time dismnounted troops, and the cavalry was pushed forward rapidly in pursuit. The rebels sur- rendered at once, as they were overtaken by the cavalry. The mmmass of them were come up with at the river, just below the town. The river was crowded with umen and horses struggling together in the deep water. Many were drowned, and opportunity was had for firing sev- eral hundred shots into them, while on both bamiks, as well as while in the water. The Ninth Michigan sent in 83 prisoners. The pursuit of the Seventh Ohio Cavalry caught time enemy anmong their horses on the railroad track, between the bluff and the river, a narrow place to operate in, and a difficult one to escape from. Time crowded and dis- ordered mnass were mnaking their way along time railroad, toward the town and bridge, when their escape was cut off by time charge of Com- pany E, Seventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Captain Raukin, followed by other companies down time bluff and lane. They were shut in above by the three companies on time extreme left; many were captured here, some escapimmg across time river. The Seventh lost no time in pushing across the bridge and tlmrongh the town. That portion which crossed the bridge was led by Captain Allen, brigade adjutant, Lieutenant Mitchell, regimental adjutant, and Lieutenammt Burton. Timey captured nmany who Imad crossed the river, and pushed on down the river until they caine across the heavy body driven across the river by the pur- suit of the Ninth Michigan Cavalry. This body they were not able to stop, and after forming line to repel time attack of the small force of the Seventh tlmemm in pursuit, it continued its flight down time river and out across the country to time Colemansville road. Another portion of time Seventh went through time towmm, and made numerous captures in the town ammd along the bank of the river. Taking about 100 of the Seventh Ohio, and being joiimed by about 100 of the Tweiftim Olmio, which had nmouimted and moved down into the town, I nmoved out some five or six umiles on time Colemnansville road imi pursuit of the umain body of time fugitives. They were well mounted, had led horses with them, and it soon became evident that when pressed they could out- travel us, and the pursuit was stol)ped. On getting my brigade to- gether, which I did on the west bamik of the river near the bridge, I received orders to muove out on the Augusta road in pursuit of the de- tachmnent that was gmmarding the Uniomi prisoners captured the day before. My orders were to rescue the prisommers. On the way to Clays. yule I met squads of them returning, who immformed mue that the pris- ouer~ had been rclca~d, I contiuued my mnarclm3 but sent for furthe Page 48 48 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. orders. I received orders to continue the pursuit of Morgan, who had fled ou this road, and that Colonel Hansons brigade would be Seilt across the country by way of Carlisle. My meu aud horses were very much exhausted, and my horses had had no feed for twenty-four hours. Finding grass at Claysville I halted there during the iiight, and moved on at daylight. At Sardis 1 halted to feed my men; I halted again at Flemingsburg, and while the horses were grazing the men were fed by the loyal citizens of that place. On behalf of my command I desire to thank the patriotic citizens of Sardis and Flemningsburg for their en- ergetic efforts to feed us, and at the same time to cause us the least possible delay. This was done in both cases in less time than was re- quired for feeding the horses. My commissary train which was follow- ing my command, under instructions from me, had been halted by order of the general commanding, and my nien had had no rations since leav- ing Lexington. The march was continued during the night. At day- light a good road was reached, and the Ninth Michigan Cavalry was ordered forward at a trot. Oti coming to the Big Sandy road soon after sunrise, the deserted camp of Morgan was found near Morehead, and information obtained that lie had taken the road over Clack Mountain to West Liberty. The information was that his main force had been gone some two hours, but it also gave me reason to hope that I might overtake some portion of his command this side of Clack Mountain. The Ninth Michigan pushed forward at a rapid gait, but on reaching the top of the mountain I ascertained that the rear guard had been gone nearly an hour, and that the more important part of the command had been gone long enough to have reached the mountain at the head of Yocum. I had now got into a country that could neither feed my men nor my horses, both worn down by the marching and loss of sleep of the previous thirty hours. 1 found myself in a country that admitted of no flank movements, and of 110 other movement except that of fol- lowing the same road traveled by Morgan. There was no prospect of accomplishing anything valuable by further pursuit. I therefore ordered the pursuit to cease. I returned by easy marches to this post. I have the honor to submit herewith the report of the losses in my brigade during the action at Cynthiana.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, - ISI~AEL GAIIRARD, Colonel AS1erenth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Commanding Brigade. Capt. J. BATES DICKSON, Assistant Adjatant- General, District of Kentucky. No. 10. Report of Insjp. Gen. Daniel W. Lindsey, Kentucky State Guard. HE NDQUARTERS KENTUCKY STATE GUARD, INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, Prankfort, Jane 18, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the defense of the State capital against the recent attack of a detachment of General John H. Morgans guerrilla forces: The capture of the morning train from Louisville on the 8th instant was the first intimation had of the presence of the enemy in this section Nominal list (omitted) shows 1 officer and 2 men wounded all(l 1 man missing of the Sixteenth Kentucky, 3 men WoUnded of the Ninth Michigan, and 2 men killed, 1 orneer and. 6 mnemi wounded, and 1 nian missing of the 8evenmh Ohio Page 49 CHAP. LI.] 49 MORGAN S RAID INTO KENTUCKY. of the State. Supposing the cutting of the road to have been the work of some small marauding band of horse-thieves, who would immediately endeavor to escape, I ordered a detachmeut of the First Kentucky Scouts to take the road as soon as possible, and march by the way of Mount Eden to Taylorsville, on which route it was thought the depre- dators could either be intercepted, or their whereabouts ascertained. Before the scouts could march, however, we learned that Morgan in force had succeeded in getting in between us and the U. S. forces, under command of Brig. Gen. S. G. Burbridge; had captured Mount Sterling and Paris, and had burned the bridges on the Kentucky Central Rail- road. These events, occurring on the same day the road was cut be- tween here and Louisville, presented the view of concerted action, and led to the belief that the enemy had an objective point somewhere be- tween the break in the Central railroad at Paris and that upon the road from here to Louisville. This place, it seemed to me, held out greater inducements to him than any other, inasmuch as here he could strike the greatest blow to the State by the destruction of the public records, & c., and could arm his new recruits, whom he was rapidly mounting as he passed along, upon the finest stock ever produced in the blue grass region. In addition to this, General Burbridge, having come upon his rear, as we were informed by special courier, was pressing him with the utmost vigor. Here he could procure artillery and cross his command in a few hours, and, destroying the bridges, avoid, or so delay, pursuit as to be able to strike the Louisville and Nashville Railroad with im- punity. In view of these conclusions, which subsequent events proved to be correct, it was determined not to send any part of the cavalry away, and by direction of His Excellency the Governor the militia of the county, the Thirty-sixth Regiment, under Colonel Keenon, was ordered out and the various roads picketed. The railroad being again open to Louisville, exertions were made to ship the public papers and stores of every kind to that place. All night long the work of loading the train was kept up, until every car was filled to its utmost capacity. It is useless to say that the officers of the various departments and their clerks discharged their laborious duties with diligence. On the morning of the 9th the train containing the public property, with a guard composed of the clerks of the various offices and volun- teers from the militia and strangers in the city, all under the command of Mr. J. B. Tilford, of the adjutant-generals office, started for Louis- ville. When nearing Pleasureville the road was discovered to be on fire. The engine was immediately reversed and the train attacked by guerrillas. The guard succeeded in defending the train, on which a running fire was kept up for several miles, and notwithstanding the road was obstructed with rails, & c., every 200 or 300 yards, the train an(l guards uninjured reached the depot at 7.15 p. in. The en- rolled militia of this city, Peaks Mill Precinct, and other parts of the county had been collecting during the day. A squad under Capt. San- ford Goin was sent to man the guns in the fort, a small guard being at the arsenal; the remainder were placed in barracks near the city. Find- ing it impossible for me to attend to all the details, and at the same time exercise general command, I availed myself of the services of Col. George W. Monroe, Twenty-second Kentucky Infantry, who at all times has been found willing to respond to the call of his country and State, and placed him in command of forces for the purpose of organizing and distributing them, with orders to report from time to time to these headquarters. 4 K RYOL XXXIX~ PT Page 50 50 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. On the morning of the 10th the militia force was collected at the arsenal for equipment, and then by Colonel Monroe distributed between the fort, the arsenal, and the bridge leading to South Frankfort. I sent a special messenger through to Louisville, with an order to Colonel Gathright, commanding the militia of Jefferson County, to turn out his connuand for service, and to act on consultation with Mr. Gill, the superintendent of the railroad, in establishing connection between here and Louisville, leaving a sufficient guard at the most important points for the protection of the road. Lieutenan t-Colonel Craig was sent from here with a company composed of detachments from the First Kentucky (scouts) and the militia, as a guard to a construction train, with orders to repair whatever damage had been done to this end of the road. This expedition returned in the evening without being able to accomplish their mission. Colonel Craig found the enemny posted in the stockade near Bensons Bridge, and charging them drove them out and across the creek, capturing 2 horses, with the loss of 1 man wounded and 3 missing. What damage he did the enemy he was unable to ascertain. These per- sistent efforts to stop all use of the Louisville and Frankfort Railroad demonstrated that we were in danger, and when the news was received that Morgan was at Georgetown no one could doubt his intentions. We here in Frankfort were not long in finding out what those inten- tions were. About 7 p. m. 10th instant a picket came into my head- quarters and announced that the enemy were advancing on the Georgetown pike. The detachment of scouts had been ordered but a short time before to be prepared to strengthen the pickets on any road that might be threatened. They were immediately sent out the Georgetown pike. Colonel Monroe and myself accompanied them as far as the cemetery gate, when I was informed by a picket stationed to the left of the road, in position to see the Owenton pike, that a large force was advancing on that road. Hearing nothing from the pickets stationed at lords house I rather doubted the information, and, leaving Colonel Monroe to defend the Georgetown pike, I took six mounted men and started out on the Owenton road. I had not gone far when I discovered the enemy moving up the hill to attack the fort. Ordering the cavalry that were with me to make for the fort by the road leading up the hill next to the river, I made my way up the hill, reaching the summit just in time to see the men driven from the advanced gun and the enemy take possession of it. I was met by a large number of negroes who had been used in building a redoubt, and who were running for the fort. I changed their course and made them go down the hill to the left, near the river. No negroes were allowed in the fort. I had nO intemition of using them as soldiers, and knowing that if the enemy should succeed in taking the place they would be murdered, I ordered them from the hill. By this time the enemny, about smxty strong, were advancing rapidly upon the fort, from the direction of the gun they had captured, a portion taking shelter behind a stone wall, under cover of which they could approach nearer time fort. As I rode around to the emmtrance I observed about twenty-five of the enemy moving in the direction of the ravine on the west slol)e of the hill, a short distance north of the fort. I gave the command ~ and with a few rounds the e~iemy were repulsed, as they were also in two succeeding assaults. In the first assault Maj. T. J. Hutchison and John Coleman, of the Thirty-sixth Enrolled Militia of Franklimi County, were wounded while working the guns in the fort. Major Hutchison was wounded in the face and John Coleman in the breast, both sen- ously, but neither mortally. Information was received through pni Page 51 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 51 oriers that the enemy lost 5 men wounded, and there was 1 horse cap- tured by us. Hostilities having ceased for a while, and Colonel Monroe arriving, it was concluded to send a detachment for each of the tWo guns outside of the fort. Colonel Monroe commanded one of the de- tachments in person and Mr. Thomas Buford, of Woodtbrd County, the other. This work they accomplished. These guns were covered, by a fire from the fort; had they not been, the presence of mind of young Frank Gray in bringing away the friction primers would have prevented the enemy from using them against us. Too much credit cannot be awarded to Sergeant Johnson, of the Second Mounted [Infantry]; Capt. Sanford Goin, of this place; Mr. Albert Bayhiss, of Shelby, and Mr. J. B. Gibson, of Cincinnati, the latter an old Kentucky Military Institute cadet- and also Captain Fletcher, U. S. Army, and Mr. Schwitzker, for their bravery and efficiency in handling the guns in the fort. This defense would have been creditable to the militia had their number been snfficient to have lined the parapet from one end to the other; but I am satisfied that when the first assault was made there were not over forty men in the fort. Waiting until after midnight to see if the attack would be renewed, I then turned the command of the fort over to Colonel Monroe, and rode down to the city for the purpose of visiting the arsenal and other points of defense. At the arsenal I found yourself in command, aided by Quartermaster-General Snddarth, and everything in preparation for its defense. The bridge was effectu- ally guarded by a detachment under command of Capt. John M. Hewett. About daylight I relieved Colonel Monroe. The enemy were found to be occupying all the roads leading into the city. Several attempts were made by them to approach the arsenal through the cemetery and by the railroad, but the %hehls thrown from the guns at the fort and a gnu at the arsenal kept them back. The enemy showing themselves frequently on the hills southwest of the city, two guns, 20-pounder Par- rotts, at the fort, under charge of Messrs. Gibson, Bayhiss, and Buford, shelled them with considerable effect, as it was learned that 5 were killed and 5 wounded, and several dead horses mark the localities at which they fell. A flag of truce appearing, the firing ceased. I will here state that during the suspension of hostilities occaskmed by the entrance of the flag of truce, the enemy were discovered on the north side of the river advancing through the cemetery, and by my orders they were shelled. For further particulars I refer you to Colonel Mon- roes report, which I herewith transmit to you. On the morning of the 12th instant General Harlan. with a detach- ment, reconnoitered the hills on the south side of the river, from the Louisville turnpike gate around to the railroad, without discovering any indication of the enemy. In the evening of the same day Colonel Jor(lan, of the Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, arrived with his command. On the morning of the 13th, the command of the city having been turned over to Colonel Jordan, the militia were relieved from duty and were addressed by General Harlan on behalf of His Excellency Gov- emor Bramlette. The citizens of this city, and the State at large, are nuder obligatioiis to Colonel Monroe for his services in defense of the capital, and I here teilder him my thanks for his valuable assistance to me. I here make honorable mention of the volunteer militia under General Harlan and Captain Hewett, who rendered efficient services in guard- ing the railroad bridges during the night of the 15th instant. Quartermaster-C eneral Suddarth, with the assistance of Quarter- Rrnster Armer, Mr. Poynter, and Lieutenant Venable, quartcrinast~ Page 52 52 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. of the Thirty-sixth ltegiinent Enrolled Militia, attended in aii efficient manner to the duties of the quartermaster and commissary depart- ments. Colonel Keenon and the officers and men under his command deserve especial praise for their prompt response to the call of His Excellency the Governor. The Thirty-sixth Regiment have furnished another evi- dence of the loyalty of the militia, and of the fact that they are ready and willing to defend their State whenever called on to do so. The presence of His Excellency the Governor and Attorney-General Harlan animated the mcii, and contributed very materially to the de- fense of the fort. I ani under obligations to Messrs. W. A. Gaines and George Watson, volunteer aides, for the prompt manner in which they discharged thefr duties. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, D. W. LINDSEY, Gen. JOHN H. BOYLE, In spector- General, Kentucky. Adjutant- General, Kentucky. iNo. 11. Report of Cot. George XV. iJfonroe, Twenty-second Kentucky Infantry, commanding forces defending Frankfort. HEADQUARTERS FORCES DEFENDING FRANKFORT, Frankfort, June 18, 1864. SIR: I beg leave to submit the following rei~rt of the operations dur- ing the three days siege of Frankfort: In compliance with special orders from headquarters Kentucky State Guard, of date June 9, 1 assumed command of the active forces in and around the city, arid proceeded directly to place the city in a position for defense. The following gentlemen were appointed on my staff: Capt. J. M. Mills, acting assistant adjutant-general and chief of staff; Lients. John M. Hewett, Jr., Yoder Brown, and John A. Crittenden, aides-de-camp. I instructed Col. Edgar Keenon, commanding Thirty- sixth Regiment Enrolled Militia, and Lieutenant Denton, commanding Kentucky Scouts, to report to me immediately the available force under their command. The reports were promptly furnished, and I ascer- tained that my active force, consisting of cavalry and infantry, amounted to only 183 men. With this force I had to defend the fort arsenal, bridges, and all the roads leading into town. Feeling that the situa- tion was a critical one, and determining to resist to the last any attack which should be made, and thinking the fort the better point for re- sistance, I ordered Colonel Keenon to summon the remainder of his regiment and occupy the fort, with instructions to all detachments who were defending the entramices to time town to fall back upomi that point in case they could not hold their positions. I inspected the fort and found the ordnance and stores in good condition, but no regular artil- lery force to man the guns. I then directed Colonel Keenon to fur- nish Sergeant Johnson, of the Second Mounted limfantry, with a force from his command to work the cannon, which being done, I coin- order to stren oth en nmenced in ~ the position, the construction of two redoubts, with a line of rifle-pits to protect ~ in the rear of the fort, imupressing for this purpose about seventy-five negro nien. This work, however, the enemy did not allow me to complete, as will b Page 53 ChAP. LI.J MORGANS RAID INTO I(ENTIJCKY. 53 shown hereafter. After this disposition of the force, I rode to your headquarters to report, and while there received information that the eiiemy were advancing toward town, upon the Lexington pike, with a force estimated at 200. I immediately ordered Lieutenant Denton, of the scouts, to take thirty men and ascertain the truth of this report. A few moments after the detachment started I determined to go myself and find out the exact state of the case, as I apprehended great danger from that direction. I asked you to accompany me, which you did, and, advancing up the road as far as the cemetery gate, we met the detachment returning, who reported the enemy advancing in large force. We then rallied the detachment and, dismounting a portion of them, sent them, with a few infantry pickets, to the old railroad cut on the left to drive back the force said to be advancing in that direction. In the mean time you had taken six inemi and started for the Owenton pike, with the intention of cutting off the force sup- posed to be in the old railroad cut. 1 started with the few remainimig of the detachment of cavalry toward the toll-gate, and, arriving at the old depot on the hill, saw a squad of about twenty rebel cavalry mov- ing on my left flank in direction of the fort. A squad of four men were seen approaching my right from the direction of Mr. Ambrose Dudleys house. Six men and a sergeant were dispatched back down the pike to the road leading from Mr. Thomas S. Pages farm, to intercept the squad, but they did not attempt to approach the pike. While watch- ing the movements of the enemy on my left the firing commenced at the fort, and looking in that direction I could plainly see time enemys sharpshooters ascending the knoll in front of the partially constructed redoubts, in which cannon had been placed. I watched the engage- ment with feelings never before experienced, knowing that if the fort was taken the city was doomed. The enenmy was doubtless aware of the force defending the fort, from the maummer of assault and despera- tion with which it was made. At this juncture you with the six men with you, had attempted to ascend the eastern slope of the hill and reach the fort, but being intercepted by the rapid approach of the enemy and a long line of abatis in your front, tIm e cavalry were com- l)elled to deploy around the brow of the hill to time left, while you dauntlessly pushed your way through the abatis, being closely pursued and fired upon almost to the very gate on the western end of the fort. Your timely and safe arrival inspired the men with fresh courage amid determination and largely contributed to their success. The artiller- ists in charge of the guns at tlme redoubts alluded to, having no force whatever to support them a their position. and the , fter firing one or two rounds abandoned enemy became so elated and emuboldened as to press quickly forward across the intervening space toward the fort, making a fierce and daring assault. The result was a severe and quick repulse, every man in the walls standing to his post, and the assailants, meeting with such a steady fire and heroic resistance, retired as hastily as they came. The fighting was renewed at intervals for two hours, when the enemy retired, burning the barracks situated near the Owen- ton pike. The casualties of the assault were 2 wounded, Maj. T. J. Hutchison and Private John Coleman, of Thirty-sixth Regiment of Militia. Neither of the wounds are mortal, and both will soon recover. While you were thus superintending matters at the fort I remained on the Lexington pike with my squad of cavalry, determined, if possible, to hold in check any attacking force sufficiently long for the citizens to reach the fort, but as it was growing dark and the gunners could not see sufficiently plainly, they mistook us for the enemy, opening fire upo Page 54 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MiSS., ALA., AND N. GA. 54 [CHAP. LL us and landed a couple of shells uncomfortably near. I then withdrew with my men to the arsenal, and after giving them iustructious joined you at the fort. At midnight thirty men were selected, and dividing into two sqnads, placing one in charge of Capt. Thomas Buford, I went out with the view of ascertaining the fate of the guns in the redoubts, and proceeding cautiously we found them entirely unmolested in their places and brought them into the fort. Owing to the vigorous fire the enemy received and the decided repulse they retired so hastily as not even to take time to spike them. Thus ended the conflict of Friday, the 10th. Knowing that the attack would be renewed about daylight, if at all, every preparatiou was made for it, but daylight caiue and the old flag waved over us still. On Saturday morning, as early as 5 oclock, the enemy was discov- ered on the south side of the river, amid at 0 oclock a flag of truce was seen to approach the wooden bridge. The bearers were met on the other side by Lieutenant Arnmer and Mr. W. A. Gaines, volunteer aides-de-camp, who blindfolded them and reported them to Captain Mills at the north end of the bridge. They were conducted to my head- quarters. I repaired thither from the fort and the rebel officer an- nounced himself as Adjutant Freeman, of Colonel Giltners Fourth Ken- tucky Confederate Cavalry, Lientenant-Coloncl Pryor commanding, and verbally demanded the unconditional snrren(ier of the town and forces. Of course I did not recognize this irregular manner, but, promptly re- fusing the demand, directed my staff to escort then. out of the lines. Everything remained quiet until 8 oclock, when the enemy were re- ported in the cemetery, a few of them being visible. I directed Capt. Henry Brown, in cli arge of the gun at the arsenal, to open fire on them, which he did, driving them to safe cover. At 9 oclock a second flag of truce made its appearance in South Frankfort, and Licut. Yoder Brown was dispatched to receive it, with instructions not to allow the bearers to come across the bridge. In connection with Captain Mills I rode to headquarters, and Lientehant Brown presented the following commu- nication: HEADQUARTERS CONFEDERATE FORCES, South Frankfort, Ky., June 11, 1864. COMMANDANT U. S. FORCES, Frankfort, Ky.: SIR: As commander of the Confederate forces on this side of the river, and under instructions from my superior, I demand the unconditional surrender of your forces, with this statement: That all will he treated as prisoners of war, and private prop- erty respected; but if a useless and stubborn resistance is made we will not answer for the consequences in an assault. I am, sir, respectfully, M. T. PRYOR, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commandi g Fourth Kentucky Cavalry. This demand I referred to you, as I considered it a question of vital interest to the city and State, and which was returned to me with in- structions from His Excellency the Governor that he would not surren- der, and that no more white flags mnust be sent iu for the purpose of making such a demand. Under these instructions I made the follow- ing reply: HEADQUARTERS U. S. FoRcEs, Fi-an kfort, Ky., June 11, 1864. Lieutenant-Colonel Pnyon, Comdy. Fourth Kentucky Confederate Cavalry, South .Franl~fort, Ky.: Sin: Your note demaudiug the llllcou(litional surremler of the forces under my com~ man(l at this place has 1)een received. In reply I will say that I will not surrender. I am, sir, respectfully, GEO. W. MONROE, Colonel Twenty-second Kentucky Regime t, Commanding Page 55 CHAP. LI.] MORGAN S RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 55 limnediately after this the enemy commenced a sharp and rapid fire of musketry upon our forces stationed at the wooden bridge and the arsenal, which was kept up at intervals during the whole day, as late as 5 p. in., when they withdrew, taking the country road to the right of the Louisville pike. Two guns from the fort opened upon them and continued shelling until the enemy had gotten out of sight. The casu- alties of the days fight was 1 wounded, Mr. John M. Todd ,shot in the han(l, at the bridge. Apprehending no further danger from that quarter, but rather that the enemy would concentrate and attack again on this side of the river, every preparation was made to give him a warm reception, both at the and tort and in town. Sunday morning, however, found all quiet, being satisfied that the siege was abandoned, our little band was per- mitted to rest, having for forty-eight hours been vigilant and active at the post of duty. About 5 oclock in the afternoon the Ninth Pennsyl- vania Cavalry, Colonel Jordan commanding, arrived, and re-enforced by this fine body of men made me feel that we were saved. To you, general, and to our worthy Governor, too much praise can- not be awarded for your fearless stand at the outset, and your unflinch- ing determination to defend the city; and to your constant supervision of matters throughout must be attributed in a vast degree the success I am now able to report to you. Being at home on furlough, and find- ing you, once my senior iu command of the old Twenty-second Ken- tucky Infantry, as general commanding the State forces I ac ~, cepted the position you were pleased to assign me much more willingly than I would have done under different circumstances. To those citizens of the town and county, especially to the noble boys of Peaks Mill Precinct, who promptly responded to the call of the com- manding officer in the hour of peril and danger, all honor and praise is due. To the gallant youth of the town (for such they were), who so faithfully discharged the duties assigned thei~~,is due the thanks of every loyal citizen. Never did veteran soldiers conduct themselves more nobly than did the little band that defended the capital. To Capt. Sanford Goin, Sergeant Johnson, Mr. Bayliss. of West Point,Mr. J. B. Gibson,of Cincinnati, and Capt. Henry Brown I am under especial obligations for efficient services in manning the artillery. To General John M. Harlan acknowledgments are rendered for his exceedingly valuable services on frequent occasions. To my staff; Capt. J. M. Mills, acting assistant adjutant-general; Licuts. J. M. Hewett, jr., and Yoder Brown, Mr. W. A. Gaines, volun- teer aides; and Lieutenant Ramsey, Seventh Kentucky Cavalry, I ten- der my sincere thanks for the promptness and correct manner with which they delivered orders intrusted to them. and the willingness dis- played [by] them to face any danger. I am, general, very respedfully, GEORGE W. MONROE, Colonel Tu~enty-second Kentucky Infantry, Commanding Forces. Insp. Gen. D. W. LINDSEY. No. 12. Report of Cot. Joel F. Asper, One hundred and serenty-flrst Ohio In fantry. COLUMBUS, Oumo, June 20, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report to headquarters Northern l)e- partmnei~t a fall account of the march of my regiment from Johnson Page 56 5C KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., AJ~A., AND N. GA. [CHAP LI. Island into Kentucky (General Burbridges district), with an account of the disaster which occurred to it there, together with the condition and situation of the field officers, as well as the situation and condition of the line officers and men since their capture by General Morgan. About 8 a. m. June 9 instant I received an order for the march of my regiment to Covington, Ky., to report to Brig. Gen. E. II. ilobson, eight companies being on Johnsons Island on duty. A copy of the order is annexed, marked Exhibit A. My orders issued at once, and prepara- tions were commenced by cooking rations, & c. At 10.30 oclock I received a copy of a dispatch from General Heintzelman, and was ordered to march at once. A copy of the dispatch is annexed as Ex- hibit B. The cooking of the rations ceased, and in one hour and a half the regiment was on the march. It was taken across the bay, loaded, and at 4 p. m. the train started for Cincinnati. At Springfield it was delayed two hours waiting for our baggage and horses, which had been stopped atUrbana with the train containing Twenty-fourth Ohio Battery. I arrived at Cincinnati at 1 p. m. on the 10th. Here I was ordered to report at Colonel Markers headquarters, which I did. I made requi- sition for two days rations and 30,000 rounds of ammunition, crossed the Ohio River, and reported to General Hobson about 4 oclock of the 10th. In pursuance of orders I placed my command in light marching order~ loaded it on the train; also assisted to load over 300 horses. A copy of the written order received by me is annexed and marked Exhibit C. When ready to move I reported in person to General Hobson, and was ordered to move my train at once, proceed to Cynthiana,an dawait orders. The train moved about 10 p. m. Having heard that a small body of rebels or guerrillas had been seen near the railroad about twenty-five miles up the track, I gave the strictest orders to guard against any surprise, ordering sentinels posted in each car, the men to be ready with gnus and accouterments, and all line officers to remain with their commands. We proceeded without interruption to Kellers Bridge, over the Licking River, which is about one mile over the rail- road track and two miles by the dirt road from Cynthiana. The bridge had been burned by Morgans men two or three days before. On Thursday the One hundred and sixty-eighth Regiment Ohio Na- tional Guard, Colonel Garis, had been sent up this railroad, dropped in detachments along its line, with five companies under Colonel Garis in Cynthiana. This I had been advised of. The train arrived at Kellers Bridge at 4 oclock in the morning. I immediately ordered my men out of the cars, had them stack arms on the left of the track, the ground offering a good position for defense. I had details made, and the rations and ammunition unloaded and distributed, and our private horses taken from the train. On getting out I placed a picket, consisting of one comupany, on duty, on the top of the hill which over- looked the valley and much of the country about. Having taken off our regimental stores, and while the muemi were pnttimmg rations and aminummi- tion into haversacks and cartridge-boxes, I then went to inquire about getting off the Government horses, four car-loads of which were on my train. I went back to tIme second train, which had followed us closely, and in a short time found Captain Butler, assistamit adjutant-general on General Hobsons staff, who directed mne to make a detail of 230 umen and 10 officers to mount a portiomi of the horses, and this detail was to get time horses out of the train. I ordered the detail muade, and the ad- jutant set about it. About this time picket-firing had been commnenced at the town in our advance. I was also notified by a man fromn mny ad- vance comupany that a large cavalry force was mnoving on our right. Page 57 Ci~AP. 11.1 MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 57 saddled my horse, rode to the point of observation, saw a considerable force which I knew was rebel cavalry. At this time the sergeant-major of Colonel Garis regiment caine to me and reported that Colonel Garis had been attacked by 1,500 of Morgans cavalry; that he would hold the town as long as lie could, and wished me to come to his assistance as speedily as possible. I ordered the lieutenant-colonel to form the line, and rode back and reported to Captain Butler. He directed me to wait until General Hobson should come forward. He soon came forward. My line was forming in good style, faced toward the rebel approach. By the time General Hobson came up, a large column of cavalry was coming down the road toward us, either for the purpose of getting be- tween us and Colonel Garis or to get to Colonel Garis rear; and by direction of General Hobson, I placed two companies, under command of Major Fowler, on a point of the hill across the railroad. These com- panies opened fire upon the column immediately and drove it back, sev- eral saddles being emptied at the first fire. I had in my command 690 officers and men. This included musicians, hospital attendants, and all supernumeraries. There were about 100 men of different detachments on General Hobsons train, mostly from Kentucky regiments. These men and one company from my regiment were thrown forward as skir- mishers, General Hobson assuming command of the whole force and Captain Butler, of the staff; having charge of the skirmish line. The battle ol)ened about 5 oclock in the morning. It was hotly contested on both sides. The force directly opposing us from the start was Colonel Giltuers brigade, of Morgans command, 1,500 strong, armed with the Enfield rifle. This brigade dismounted and advanced as infantry. We held them in check and drove them back twice, and had there been no other force, we should have been time victors on the field. Between 11 and 12 oclock another brigade came into our rear and took position in a wheatfield; besides,another had flanked around and took position on our right flank and rear. This was commanded by Colonel Martin, and the other by General Morgan in person. I made disposition of my exhausted and scattered command to meet it. I placed all I could spare from my front line against a high fence to our rear where they would be partially protected by the two fences of a lane. By the time the dispositions could be made a flag of truce was seen approaching our lines. I was directed by General lob- son to receive it. I went out and mnet Captain Morgan, of General Morgans staff. He carried a demand from General Morgan for our surrender as prisoners of war. I started to report to General Hobson, and on my way was summoned to meet another flag carried by the rebel Colonel Martin. I replied to him that I was considering then a demand from General Morgan. I reported to General Hobson. He asked mny opinion about it. I told himn that I could hold out an hour longer, but that the end was plainly to be seemi unless relief was at hand, and we knew of none. General Hobson thought I could not hold omit more than twemmty minutes, or thirty at most. We were unanimous in the conclusion that from the exhausted condition of the men, having been fighting six hours without rest or water, that we could not hold out much longer if attacked vigorously from front, rear, amid flanks, and to save the slaughter that must ensue from such an attack policy and duty alike required a surrender. Colonel Garis had sur- rendered as we believed more than four hours before. No firing had been heard from that quarter since early iii the morning, and a scout we had sent to ascertain the result had been driven back by rebel pickets. I was themi deputed to arrange the terms of surrender, whic Page 58 58 KY., ~W. VA., TENN., MJ~S., ALA., AND N. GA. fOHAF LI. I did with Captain Morgan. The terms were: General Hobsons forces to snrrender unconditionally as prisoners of war; the officers to retain their side-arms; all private property to be respected except horses; pnblic property to belong to the captors. After General Morgan rode up he said we had made so gallant a fight that we shonld all have our horses. Lieutenant-Colonel Harmon had a valuable horse which Col- onel Martin insisted npon keeping, aiid he was permitted by General Morgan to do so, but with this exception the terms as modified by General Morgan were strictly observed. I was ordered to form my command, stack arms, and march theni oft; and then make a list of names, companies, and regiments. Before this could be (lone they were ordered away under a guard, the field officers being detained with General Hobson and staff. Our loss was 14 killed and 45 wounded. My surgeon stated to me on his way down to Covington that lie thought our loss in killed and wounded would reach 75 or 80. 1 have no means of statiiig accurately, having been separated from the command since the surrender. Our loss in prisoners is about 500, some men having escaped. I fonght my command as well as I could and to the best possible ad- vantage, General Hobson giving no general directions during the battle besides his personal assistance to keep the men np to the work. Gen- eral Hobson surrendered only wheii to have held out longer would have been mere idle bravado, and would have induced reckless and whole- sale slaughter. I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of most of my officers and men. Two or three officers failed to do their duty, and some men skulked away; but no more than is usual in most reo-iI these men had never been under fire bi Most of coolly, and behaved like veterans. , it they fought splendidly, General Hobson was cool, brave, and judicious; was exposed all the time to the rebel fire, a~nd deserves well of the Government. My own horse was shot under me and disabled, and I had several other evideiices of the close firing of rebel sharpshooters, but escaped unhurt. The foregoing account of the battle of Kellers Bridge is preliminary, and quite necessary to a full understanding of the anomalous condition of General Hobson and staff and the field officers of my regiment. After the surrender General Morgan proposed to send General IToh- son and staff, together with the field officers of my regiment, out under a flag of truce to get into communication with the military authorities for the purpose of securing a special exchange of ourselves, an(l to secure an exchange of our meii for some of his own then held as prisomiers in Ken- tucky; or if this could not be effected, that our Governmeiit might be in- duced to accept his parole of them, so that they would be accounted for by the Richmond Government; and if we failed to secure an exehman ge, then we must return ali(l report to General Morgan as prisoners. Gen- eral Hobson refused at first to go into the arrangement. After consul- tatiomi I advised that it be done for the benefit of our officers and sol- diers, who are only 100-days men, as it would be pecimliarly hard to take these men south to languish in Southermi prisons for sev- eral months, and I believed the Government would not permit it. It was themi agreed to accept tIme proposition of General Morgan. Gen- eral Morgami and General Hobson agreed upon the terms of a paper to be signed. It was drawn up in pencil and signed by us all. Inspector- General Allen, of General Morgans staff, then drew one in ink, and in doing so added to it a general parole. This we refused to sign; first Page 59 CHAP. 11.1 MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 59 because it was not according to agreement; and second, because we absolutely refused to accept a general parole. It was then changed as agreed upon first, and, signed. Annexed is a true copy of this paper, marked Exhibit J)* The paper being signed, horses obtained (General Morgan had ordered a horse given me to replace my disabled one), with an ambu- lance for those who had no horses, General Hobsons and staffs horses being on the train, which had been run back, thrown from the track, and destroyed, we started for some point where comniiinicatiou could be had with the military authorities by telegraph. We expected to find such communlcatiou at Eoyds Station, on the Kentucky Central Railroad, but the operator had abandoned the station, and we pro- ceeded to Falmouth, where we arrived Sunday evening. Our escort was Capt. C. C. Morgan, aide-de-calup, and Surgeon Goode, of General Morgans staff, Major Chenoweth, of the line, a Mr. Voorhies, said to be a soldier, lately joined them at Lexington, amid aim ambulance driver, who was also a soldier. These men were all armed. Voorhies carried a flag of truce in advance. We were received into our lines at Fal- mouth; the rebel officers were assigned quarters and kept close. Gen- eral Hobson immediately placed himself in commummication with Gen- eral Burbridge, his superior officer, commanding the District of Ken- tucky, and the result is, two telegraums, copies of which are annexed as Exhibit E. On Friday morning General ilobson and staff, in pursuance of said telegrams, started overland for Lexington (having first obtained per- inissiomi to go that way), to report to General Burbridge, taking with them the rebel officers and men, and myself and the other field officers of my reginment came to Cincinnati, as directed by General l3urbridge, and from thence J came omi here to report, leaving the lieutenant-colonel amid major at Cincinnati. TIme regiment, with the line officers, was paroled on Sunday after the battle between General Morgan and Gen- eral Burbridge. Captain Morris, one of my captains, who was present and participated in the whole matter, reports as follows: On Saturday evening, after our surrender, the prisoners, comprising all they had taken at Mount Ster- ling, Lexington, and Cynthiana, and those from our reginment, about 1,300, were started off ou the Claysvihle pike, and marched about six miles. In the morning- they were started up and marched about ten miles on the double-quick. At length they were halted, the officers called to the front and center, and they were then offered horses to ride, provided they would give their parole of honor that they would not attempt to escape. While discussing the matter, Captain Morris asked permissiomi for an interview with General Morgan, which was granted. Captain Morris stepped to General Morgan and told him that this treatment was not according to the terms of the surrender. Gen- eral Morgan replied that lie was aware of that, but that circumstances altered cases, and said to Captain Morris if the officers would agree to respect their parole he would parole theimi and let theum go. Captain Morris told him he would report to the other officers and let them de- cide, which he did, amid they all agree& to accept a parole and respect it. They were then paroled. A copy of this parole is annexed and marked Exhibit F. The inspector-general then mounted Captain Mor- ris and compelhe4 him to ride aloimg the lines with him, and he then told the men they were paroled, administering to them some oath, or some sort of obligation. They were started to Augusta, thence to Cm- ~Seep. 36 Page 60 60 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA.; AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. cinnati, and by your orders have been transferred to Camp Dennison. They are there now iu a very uncomfortable condition; some have gone home (the officers and men of the One hundred and sixty-eighth Ohio National Guard have all gone home), and they say, as reported to me, as I came along, that they insist upon being exchanged before being sent to duty again, as they gave a solemn oath not to take up arms until exchanged, because if they are they expect to be murdered if captured again. I make this statement in their behalf and ask action upon it. The question submitted, upon which a decision of the Government is asked, is whether these line officers and men, not having been reduced within the permanent lines of the rebel armies, are prisoners of war at all; and whether General Morgan in letting them go with a parole, however formal, did not in fact abandon them, and they are thereby liberated. There may be some doubt upon the subject, but whatever the strict legal rights may be nnder the cartel, still I believe it would be policy on the part of the Government to accept this parole and exchange them at once in order that they be again put into the field. It will place them in a condition to go to duty more willingly and heartily, and not with the fear that if again captured they would be murdered. They have yet about two months and a half to serve. General ilobson and staff and the field officers are under a different obligation. Their parole binds them to return if a special exchange cannot be effected. They were treated with kindness and courtesy and do not desire or wish to violate their pledge. Although the proposition came from Gen- eral Morgan, yet it was for our benefit, for if not accepted we would have been mounted on fresh horses and run into General Branchs [Vances ~?] lines as soon as possible. This they told us after it had been arranged. If the principle of the cartel that we were not reduced to possession within the permanent lines of the army liberates us, we desire that the Government assume the responsibility of so deciding and then to pro- tect us. I would beg the authorities to consider thoroughly, first, the point whether the agreement partly executed is not equivalent to being reduced to possession; whether in fact it was not such reduction of possession as to bring us within the provisions of the cartel. But in either case we are not to decide, and it will be for us to act as the au- thorities shall order. The arrangement was made in good faith and we desire it carried out. I would beg to ask the Government to be libeial mu their action upon this matter, as well as in the construction of the rules of war under which it must be decided. We have fought hard and bravely, and to some purpose, too, as a short statement will show. General Morgan had planned to sweep down the Licking River Valley, plunder as he went, ride into Covington, plunder and burn it, then turn the guns of the fortifications upon the city of Cincinnati, shell it until he was satisfied, then turn up the Ohio and ride out of the State via Maysville and Pound Gap. He had burned the bridges at Paris and Cynthiana to prevent troops following him on the railroad; he had made a feint upon Frankfort, to draw off General Burbridge, which he partially succeeded .in doing. He had fresh horses, was twenty-four hours the start, with no force at Covington, and none on the line of march except ours. Our fight was so obstinate and pro- tracted that the fighting, taking care of his killed and wounded and the prisoners, detained him until General Burbridge could come up. The rebel officers admitted that this was General Morgans plan, and that they had been checked in the execution by our fight. Genera Page 61 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 61 Bnrbridge was able in a short and decisive fight to completely rout General Morgans forces so that they were compelled to fly the State in a scattered condition. We beg to be allowed to believe that we have, by our sacrifice, rendered the Government and our own State some service, and ask to have these questions considered fairly, and to be liberally and fairly dealt with by our Government. I have the honor, captain, to be, your most obedient servant, J. F. ASPER, Colonel 171st Regiment Ohio National Guard. Capt. C. H. POTTER, Asst. Adjt. Gem., Northern Department, Columbus, Ohio. [Inclosures.] EXHIBIT A. SPECIAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES JOHNSONS ISLAND AND SANDUSKY, No. 124. ) Johnsons Island, Ohio, June .9, 1864. * * * * * * * 5. Pursuant to orders from Major-General Heintzelman co Northern Department, Col. J. F. Asper will mmandin~ immediately prepare so much of his regiment (the One hundred and seventy-first Ohio National Guard) as remains at this post, to move by rail from Sandusky to Coy- ington, Ky., via Cincinnati, and will, at Covington, report to Brig. Gen. E. H. Hobson for duty. The regiment will take camp and garrison equipage and four days cooked rations, and be in every way prepared for field service. It will take tents of a new issue from Capt. L. M. Brooks, assistant quartermaster. The regiment will be ready to leave this post at 3 oclock this afternooim, and will turn over to Captain Brooks, assistant quartermaster, and leave its tents and quarters now in use standing, and in as perfect condition as they are now in. Capt. L. M. Brooks, assistant quartermaster, will furnish transportation, to be ready at the earliest moment possible. By command of Col. Charles W. Hill: A. N. MEAD, Captain and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. EXHIBIT B. COLUMBUS, June 8, 1864. (Received Sandusky, Ohio, 8.30 a. m. 9th.) Col. CHARLES W. hILL, Commanding Johnsons Island: Have the One hundred and seventy-first Ohio, Colonel Asper, ready for field service at a moments notice. The service will be temporary. S. P. HEINTZELMAN, Major- General, Commanding. EXHIBIT C. COYINGTON, Ky., June 10, 1864. Colonel ASPER, One hundred and seventy-first Ohio: Move at once with your regiment on to Cynthiana, on the train. Report in person, or by an officer, when you are about to start. By order of Brigadier-General Hobson: J. S. BUTLER, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 62 62 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. EXHIBiT E.* LEXINGTON, June 14, 1864. (Received 15th.) Brig. Gen. E. H. HOBSON: The general commanding considers no officers and men prisoners of war except such as Morgan retained and took off with him, and directs that you an(I your staff report here for duty as soon as practicable, and that the three rebel officers be held as prisoners. J. BATES DICKSON. LEXINGTON, June 15, 1864. General E. H. HOBSON: (Received 16th.) The general commanding directs that yourself and staff and Lient. J. W. Arnett, Fifty-second Kentucky, come here via Louisville, and bring with you the rebel officers and privates as prisoiers of war. The Ohio 100-days officers had better go to Cincinnati. J. BATES l)JCKSON, Assistant Adjutant- General. EXHIBIT F. NEAR CLAYSYILLE, WY., June 12, 1864. We, the undersigned officers of the Army of the United States, hav- ing been captured by Brig. Gen. John 11. Morgan, of the C. S. Army, do hereby give our parole of hom~or not to engage in military service against the Confederate States until duly exchanged for officers of equal rank. Witness: B. H. ALLEN, Inspector- General, ]JIio ryans Cacairy. No. 13. Report of Capt. Richard 0. & cindler, One h~otdrcd end seeenty-ftrst Ohio Infantry. IIDQRS. 171ST REGIMENT OHIO NATIONAL GUARD Cincinnati, June 14, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that the detachment of the One hundred amid seventy-first Regiment Ohio National Guard, comisisting of all the companies except Companies E and K, and containing about 500 men, left Covington, pursuant to order from department headquarters, on the evening of the 10th instant, under command of Col. J. F. Asper, for Cynthiamma, at which place the detachment arrived on the morning of the 11th at 3 oclock, or rather at Kellers Bridge, which had been burned, and is some mile and a half north of Cynthiana. Between 4 and 5 oclock sharp tiring was heard from the direction of Cynthiamma, which continuing for some time, the command at Kellers Bridge was formed, under direction of Colonel Asper, and very soon after the enemy was seen approaching in some force mounted, and were fired upon, amid For Exhibit D, SCO p. 36 Page 63 CHAP. Li.] MORGANS RA1L~ INTO KENTUCKY. (33 they fell back. About this time General Hobson took command and fur- ther disposition of the forces was made. Not far from 7 oclock the enemy appeared in large foree west of the positiou occupied by us; they dis- mounted and advanced upon us with loud yells, opening a fierce and well sustained fire, and were resolutely met by our troops and held at bay. After a contest of considerable duration, the enemy having partially flanked our right wing, Companies A and G, which composed it, were or- dered to fall back a few rods, which they did nuder a galling fire, suffer- ing sonic loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The fight continued without lull throngh the whole length of our front, until between 11 and 12 oclock, the combatants on both sides taking cover as much as the ground would allow. Several attempts were made to turn our left flank, every one of which failed, and after time last attempt the enemy retired rapidly and in disorder. Large forces of cavalry had been seen passing over the hills in different directions, and fearing an attempt to get in our rear General [Hobson] had ordered small parties to protect the two fords, oiie to the left and one to the right of our rear, but soon after the firing ceased it was observed that Morgan had thrown large forces across the river, and was approaching in line of battle on two sides, east and south, while Gilters (or Giltuers) forces had reformed in front. A flag of truce was then sent in, and terms of surrender were offered and accepted; the officers to retain their side-arms, and private property of the soldiers to be respected. General Hobson and staff; Colonel Asper, Lieutenant-Colonel Harmon, and Major Fowler started with a flag of truce, under escort, to communicate with general coin- manding department touching exchange of oflicers and parole of men, since which nothing has been heard of the party by the undersigned, excepting newspaper reports. After the surrender many of the arms were burned on the field by order of Morgau as worthless, and the others put into the hamids of his unarmed recruits. The line officers and men were marched to town, where the afternoon was spent in prepara- tions for paroling the prisoners, name, amid descriptive lists being pre- pared, & c. In the evening we were marched out of town, to gethier with those of other commnaiids previously taken, and turned into an open field without food amid but few blankets. The night was very chilly, and ou Sunday morning we were marched out on time Augusta road, taking our line of ummarek by 4 oclock. We were made to double-quick, miles in succession, fordimig Licking Iliver, at Claysvihle, waist deep, and smaller streams many times. Blankets, shoes, amid all impedinmemits were thrown away, and with bleeding feet mammy of the prisoners con- tinned to march only because threatened with death if they fell out. Having reached a distance of perhaps twenty-odd miles, by the route takemi, and . still without a muorsel of food, the officers were told by Morgan if they would accel)t a parole for tb eniselves amid meii lie would grant it; if not, lie would parole time mcmi and take the officers with [him] to llichmond or other point iii the Confederacyniounted, if they would give the parole of honor not to escape; omi foot, and at double-quick, if they would not give such parole. The line officers present, consisting of all who had been in the light, except Lieuten- ant Earl, of Compaiiy I, accepted the parole tbr themselves and men. The men were also sworn not to bear arms against the Southern Coim- federacy, or do other military service, till exchanged or released from parole, under the penalty of death. They did not sign any paper. A copy of the parole taken by the officers is herewith transmnitted.* The See p. 62 Page 64 [CHAP. LI. 64 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS.,~ ALA., AND N. GA. whole number of paroled men and officers belongiiig to the One hun- dred and seventy-first Regiment is about 400, but the undersigned can not state accurately now for want of reports. A descriptive list was not furnished General Morgan, but the names of the men were given him. After being paroled the men were some twenty-two miles from Augusta on the pike, on which for a considerable part of the way stone had been newly broken and was so sharp as to cut shoes. The coun- try had been entirely stripped of food, the men had eaten little, many nothing since Friday evening, their clothing insufficient, and the undersigned being senior captain, j)ut in command by Colonel Asper immediately after surrender, thought best to reach Augusta by the night of the 12th. This was done by dark, the men having marched on that day over forty miles, though unused to marching, being com- posed of farmers, merchants, clerks, lawyers, & c. A few horses were procured on which were carried those unable to walk. The citizens of Augusta had no notice of our coming, but supplied our wants to their utmost ability, and on the morning of the 13th instant, by my order, captain of the steam-boat with two barges brought us to this place, where we arrived in the afternoon, the nien exhausted and faint- ing. The loss of the reo-iment in the fight at Kellers Bridge was 13 men killed and 50 wounded, many of them very seriously, some of whom have since died. Not over 400 were in the battle, and if portions of other commands were engaged with us it escaped the notice of the undersigned. It woald not become me perhaps to say much as to the conduct of the troops or the manner in which they were handled, but I saw no rea- son to complain of either. The regiment was armed badly, many of the pieces failing to reach the enemy at all; very many became useless early; while they had many very fine gunsshort Enfield rifles, Spencer rifles, & c. The number actually engaged with us was not less than 1,200 to 1,500, supported by as mammy more. Morgan acknowledged a loss of 74 killed and wounded at Kellers Bridge, but from the number of wounded carried from the field, seen by me and many of our men after the battle, I do not hesitate to say his loss exceeded the number given. I have i~eceived no written orders since I took command, except one to report to Camp Dennison immediately. What orders Colonel Asper received while in command I do not know, as I have no information upon the subject. Respectfully submitted. R. 0. SWINDLER, Captain, Comdg. 171st Regiment Ohio National Guard. Maj. Gen. S. P. HEINTZELMAN, Commanding Department. No, 14. Reports of Brig. Gen. John II. Morgan, C. ~. Army. HDQRS. MORGANS COMMAND, DEPT. OF EAST TENNESSEE, Russell Old Court-House, May 31, 1864. GENERAL: While General Buckner was in command of this depart- ment instructions were given me by him to strike a blow at the enem Page 65 CHAP. LI.J MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 65 in the State of Kentucky. As I was on the eve of departure to execute this object the rapid movement of the enemy from the Kanawha Valley in the directiou of the Teullessee railroad remidered it necessary that I should remain with my command and co-operate with the other forces here for the protection of the public interests of this section. Since the repulse of the enemy I have obtained the consent of General Jones to carry out the original plan agreed upon between General Buckner and myself. I start upon the expedition to-day, and I forward this coin- munication that the authorities may be informed as to my plans, & c. I have just received reliable information from my scouts in Kentucky that General Hobson left Mount Sterling on the 25d instant with six regiments of cavalry (about 3,000 strong) for Louisa, on the Sandy. This force he has collected from all the different garrisons in Middle and Southeastern Kentucky. At Louisa there is another force of about 2,500 cavalry, under the colonel of a Michigan regiment,-~- recently seut to that vicinity. It is the reported design of General Ilobson to unite with this and co-operate with Generals Averell and Crook in another movement upon the salt-works and lead-mines of Southwestern Vir- ginia. Generals Averell and Crook have established themselves in Mercer County, Va., and are awaiting, I understand, the arrival of this force for a combined muovement upon the works indicated by three different lines of approach. This information has determined mue to move at once into the State of Kentucky, and thus divert the plans of the enemny by initiating a movement within his own lines. My force will be about 2,200 men. I will move through Pound Gap, detach a portion of my command to demonstrate toward the enemny at Louisa, with instructions to join me in the interior, while I will with my main force strike for Lexington and Frankfort. I will destroy as much of the Covington and Lexington Railroad as will not retard a rapid movement, and inunediately push toward the Louisville and Frankfort and Louisville and Nashville roads. Both these roads I will damage as far as the inactivity of the enemy will permit. There will be nothimmg in the State to retard my progress except a few scattered provost guards. I expect to be pursued by the force at Louisa. I will avoid contact with this and make my way back frito the department south of the Kentucky River, and through somue of the I)asses in the Cumberland Monntains between Pomind and Cumberland Gaps. If pursued too strongly to admuit this I will turn southward toward some of the passes between Tennessee and Kentucky ammd make my way back through East Tennessee. By the latest information there is only a small garrison of the enemy in East Tenmmessee. If I timid this to be true, and the movement practicable, I will endeavor to destroy the road between Knoxville and Chattanooga. I make known these pht~ns to you in order that the Government may at this critical juncture be ad- vised of every movement of troops, both within our own and tlme ene- mys lines. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. H. MORGAN, General S. COOPER, Brigadier- General. Adjutant and Inspector General. Reference is to Col. Simeon B. Brown, Eleventh Michigan Cavalry. 5 R RYOL xxxIx, PT Page 66 66 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CflAP. LI. [First indorsement.] IIDQRS. ARMIES OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES, June 10, 1864. Respectfully returned. It is a most unfortunate withdrawal of forces from an important posi- tiou at a very critical moment. BRAXTON BRAGG, General. [Second indorsement.] JUNE 10, 1864. Noted. Unfortunately, 1 see n~ remedy for this movement now. J. A. SEDI)ON, ~S~eeretary. hEADQUARTERS MORGANS CAVALRY (lynthiana, June 11, 1864. SIR: Shortly after my last communication I entered the State of Ken- tucky, via Pound Gap, driving a force of 590 of the enemy from that point, causing them to burn all their commissary and quartermasters stores. Moved on as rapidly as possible, and arrived at Mount Sterling on the 8th instant, completely surprising a force of the enemy, who, however, fought u~ stubbornly for some time, but at length were driven from the field, my force capturing all their camp equipage, transporta- tion, & c., with supplies, and about 380 prisoners. Remained one day and moved on Lexington. Attacked the city about 2 a. mu. and cap- tured that place, with horses enough to mount my entire command. After burning the Government stables, depot, & c., moved, via George- town, to Cyntluiana, at which place I arrived this morning amid met a force under the notorious Colonel Berry. After a brisk engage- ment the enemy took shelter in the houses, and I was forced to burn a large portion of the town. The enemy to tile number of 400 soon sur- rendered. Colonel Berry was killed. At 2 oclock heard that the en- emy, under General ilobson, were advancing, and although almost out of amnmnnuition determined to muect him. After a short Skirmisll sur- rounded and captured his entire brigade, numbering 2,000 men, himself and staff; 3 railroad trains, with baggage and horses, & c. I am now making arrangements to parole the prisoners. Fear if attacked be- fore I can obtain amumunition to lit my runs that 1 will have to fall back. (The enemy are armed with the old mausket, muine being Enfield.) Up to date Major Chenoweth has destroyed the railroad between Lex- ingtOlL and Boyds Station, on the Kentucky Central Railroad; Captain Jenkins the railroad between Louisville and Frankfort; Captain Cooper taken the fortifications around Frankfort, and Captain Everett taken Maysville. All is working well. The people are ready and anxious to strike for the South if they can be supported. My only fear is that igy ammunition will fail. 6 P.M. Since the above I learn that the force which entered Yirginia under Gemmeral Burbridge to attack the salt-works and lead-muines has re- turned and is moving to attack me. JNO. II. MORGAN, General ~. COOPER, Brigadier- General, Commanding, Adjutant and In8lwetor General Page 67 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAH) INTO KENTUCKY. 67 [First indorsement.] ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERALS OFFICE, July 2, 1864. Respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War. H. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Second indorsernent.] JULY 4, 1864. ADJUTANT-GENERAL: Have you any intelligence that the force tinder General Burbridge has actually crossed the mountains or entered Virginia? J. A. S. [Third indorseinent.] ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERALS OFFICE, July 8, 1864. Respectfully returned to the Secretary of War. No intelligence of General Burbridges movements has been received at this office. H. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjutant- General. JIDQRS. l)EPT. WESTERN VIRGINIA AND EAST TENNESSEE, A binydon, Va., July 20, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the recent operations of my command in the State of Kentucky: Early in the spring I received permission from General Buckuer, who was then in command of the Department of East Tennessee, to strike a blow at the enemy in Kentucky so soon as my comniand could be organized and l)ut in condition to stand the trip. One-half of them were (lismounted, having escaped front Northern prisons and made their way back into our lines. in the latter part of May my scouts, who were in the State, brought me intelligence that a large force of cavalry, with artillery, were moving in the direction of Pound Gap; that another force was to move from Louisa, amid both commands to coimeentrate at the mouth of Mud Creek; from that point, under command of Genera~l il3urbrid ge, to move upon the saline-works and lead-mines of Southwest Virgini~m. (For further information as to the strength and imitentions of the enemy, I refer you to time inclosed papers, utarked A, B, C, and I). The papers only relate to General Hobsons division. The strength of the other division is not known.) After the destruction of those works to muove east upon the railroad and join General Hunter. This informnatiomi I imuparted to you by letter of date :31st of May, written from Russell Old Court- House, a copy of which is herewith immclosed.* After consulting with General XV. E. Jomies, who was then commnandimmg department, it was decided that I should move at once into Kentucky amid gain time rear of the forces who were moving in this direction i)elieving the small force I comnmnanded could offer but a feeble resistance in timeir fromit, and that they could miot ~Scep. 64 Page 68 [CHAP. LI. 68 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. possibly allow me to remain in their rear without giving pursuit, and thus being diverted from their raid in this direction. On the 1st of June my advance was met by a force of the enemy twelve miles this side of Pound Gap, being the advance of the Federal forces, who were moving in this direction. We drove them back rapidlybefore us, and succeeded in remounting some of the dismounted men upon horses that were taken upon the gap, which point was gained just at night-fall. I ordered a detachment of men nuder Captain Jenkins to follow the enemy, who retreated in the direction of Piketon, and moved next morn- ing upon a by-road that runs parallel with the Piketon and Mount Sterhuig road, determining, if possible, to reach Mount Sterlin g( their principal depot of supplies in Eastern Kentucky) before the force under General Burbridge could move to my front. As he was encumbered with artillery I felt confident that I could do so. A scout was ordered to keep in sight of the enemy, watch his progress, and report by courier to me on the road. We mnoycd from twenty-two to twenty-seven miles per day, the dismounted men making that distance over moumitain passes that troops had never traveled before. Upon morning of the 7th Captain Jenkins, with fifty men, was detached to destroy railroad bridges upon the Frankfort and Louisville road, to prevent re-enforcenments being sent froni Indiana to Lexington; Major Chenoweth, with fifty men, to destroy railroad between Paris and Qovington upomi Lexington and Coy- ington Railroad, to prevent re-enforcements froni Ohio; Captain Everett, with 100 men, to move upomm Maysville and threaten Covingtomi; Cap- tain Jackson, with a company, to cut communication between Mount Sterling amid Paris, and Captain Jones, commanding advance guard, to move around Mount Sterling, getting betweemi Winchester and Lexing- ton, and cut communication both by telegraph and courier from Mount Sterling to Lexington (Lexington bemmig the great depot of supplies, I wished to cut it off entirely from all poimits). These detachments moved night and day through the country and by-paths, and reached their points at the time ordered. The bridges upon Benson, near Frankfort, were destroyed at the same time with those near Cynthiana. My comnumand reached Mount Sterling. at daylight on the moriming of the 8th, and after a sharp engagement captured the emitire Federal force (380), together with a large quantity of stores and a large number of wagons and teams. I mnoved directly toward Lexington with one brigade, leaving Colonel Giltuer to destroy stores and mount the dis- mounted men upon the captured horses, and then join me at Lexing- ton, it being necessary to reach that point before re-enforcements could be thrown there by the emmemy. The forces under Generals Burbridge and Hobson, who were at Pound (lap and Mud Creek, finding that the State was invaded, inimediately gave up their intemided expedition into Virginia and pursued my com- mand. They reached Mount Sterlimig at daylight on the 9th, having muarched ninety miles in twenty-four hours. They inmumediately at- tacked the forces at that place under Colonels 0-iltuer aimd Martin, amid after a severe engagement were repulsed with heavy loss upon both sides. My entire command was then withdrawn upon Lexington, which place we entered at daydawn on the 10th aftcr a slight engagememit. We burned here the Goverumnent depot and stables, captured 2 00 S. horses foumid in the stables, and about 5,000 magnificent 0 U. horses that had been sent from the country for protection. My entire command was then elegantly mounted, and the greater portion were clothed and shod (sonmething they stood sadly in minced of). After securing the pris- oners (about 200) my command moved to Georgetown. Captain Cooper Page 69 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO RENTUCKY. 69 with a detachment, was ordered to Frankfort to make a reconnais- sance, and if possible to take one of the fortifications wh carried out with great gallantry. ~ ich order he Learning that a force of the enemy were at Cynthiana, I moved at once in that direction, which place was reached at daylight on the morn- ing of the 11th, and after a severe fight succeeded in capturing the gar- rison, but not until a great portion of the city had been burned. The Federals took shelter in the houses, and the only alternative (as we had no artillery) was to fire them. About 400 prisoners were taken at this place. Colonel Giltuer, with the First Brigade, met a brigade of the enemy below town under General ilobson, and engaged them several hours. Taking command of Major Cassells battalion in person, I m~- neuvered it so as to get in their rear, when the entire command (1,500) surrendered without further resistance. General Hobson when I passed through Pound Gap was in command of one of the divisions of General Burbridge, near Piketon, Ky. He left his forces under General Bur- bridge, passed down Sandy IRiver by boat, and through Ohio to Cincin- nati by rail; there he was given this fine brigade. Putting his men and horses upon three trains he steamed away to Cynthiana. All three of the trains were wrecked, and my conimnand provided themselves with what equipments they required, burned the trains, and destroyed 1,500 stand of muskets. General Hobson and staff were sent at their own request nnder flag of truce to Cincinnati to try and arrange with General Heintzelman for an exchange. If an exchange could not be affected, to report to me in Virginia. Major Chenoweth, Surgeon Goode, and C. C. Morgan accompanied the flag. These officers I understand are held as prisoners of war by the Federal authorities. The next morning (12th instant) we were attacked by 5,200 infantry, cavalry, and artillery, under General Burbridge. My command engaged did not exceed 1,200 men, as a large detail had to be made to guard l)risoners and protect wagon train and also detachments destroying the two lines of railroad, which was all-important. My troops behaved with great gallantry and stubbornly contested every foot of ground. Finding in a short time we would be completely enveloped by the enemy, amid our ammunition almost entirely exhausted, I ordered Colonels Gilt- iier and Smith, commanding brigades, to fall back upon the Augusta road. The prisoners had been sent in that direction the night previous. After marching them fifteen miles the officers and men were paroled, numbering 2,500. I moved through Flemingsburg and West Liberty and reached Abingdon 20th of June. I have lost, as near as can be ascertained, about 80 killed, 125 wounded, and 150 captured and missing. The recruits enlisted in Kentucky, however, will fully make up this deficit, and my command will be as strong as when I first entered the State. The result of the expedition may be summed up as follows: First. The defeat of the enemys plans for the capture of the salt- works and lead-mines of Southwest Virginia. Second. The remounting of 900 dismounted cavalrymen with horses, equipments, & c., at the expense of time enemy; the exchange of abont the same number of broken-down horses for fresh ones; the capture of sufficient clothing and shoes to supply the immediate wants of my coin- mand, and the destruction of about ~2,000,000 worth of property of the U. S. Government. Third. The breaking up temporarily of the enemys negro recruiting operations in Middle and Eastern Kentucky, amid the discovery on th Page 70 70 lXIV., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [cHAP. IA. part of the people of an almost unanimous sentiment of sympathy with our cause, and which promises much support to any advance of our troops in the State. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, JNO. H. MORGAN, General S~ CooIEIt, Brigadier- 6~encral, Commandin~i. Adjutant and Inspector (leneral, Richmond, Va~ [Indorsenient.] AUGUST 19, 1864. Respectfully referred to General Bragg, who will be interested to see this full and revised report by General Morgan of his last expedition into Kentucky. J. A. SEDDOK, [Inclosure A.] sS~ecretary. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT or KENTUCKY, Mouth of Beaver, June 3, 1864. General E. H. HOBSON, Commanding First Division: GENERAL: I am directed by General Burbridge to forward to you the following letter of instructions: Early on the morning of June 5 (Sun- day) the whole of the command present, except the Third Brigade (Colonel Hanson), will advance by the Piketon road at such rate as to reach Pound Gap by Monday evening, June 6. Colonel Hansoii will proceed with his conunand, including the artillery (six pieces), by the Beaver Creek road, and will meet the rest of the command at Pound. Gap Monday, June 6. No men will be left but those exempted by the brigade surgeons for disability or sickness, and the dismounted men who will act as gaard to the stores which will be accumulated by the time of our return. The four guns, with their caissons, battery wagon, and forge, of Captain Kevilles battery, will be placed upon the return- ing boats and sent to Louisa, sending the limbers of all the carriages down by land, takiiig with them one days rations and forage. Two of the wagons (eight mules each) belonging to Captain Kevilles battery will be loaded with extra ammunition and forage for their own support, and all other wagons will be sent back to Louisa, as well as any ambu- lances that may be unfit to proceed farther. The ammunition belonging to the Forty-fifth Kentucky and all the other forces now in advance (Colonel Browns present command), left here under guard, will be forwarded to Colonel Brown at Piketon with his supplies, and the Spencer rifle ammunition, which will arrive on the boats, will be issued to the Twelfth Ohio and Eleventh Michigan Cavalry in the ratio in which they are now supplied. The pistol ammnunition willbe distributed to the regiments using it in proportion to the amount now respectively on hand. You will send to Piketon to Colonel Browns command seven days supplies for man amid horse. The ambulances, each containing two boxes of ammunnition, will follow their respective brigades. The coni- mand (excepting Colonel Browns) will draw six days rations and forage, which will be understood to last fifteen days, and comumanders of com- panies will be held responsible for all wastage or wanton destruction of either. Each brigade and regimental commander will exercise special supervision on the line of march, halting every hour or hour and a half for ten minutes, and an hour amid a half at or near noon, being governe Page 71 CHAP. LI.] MORGAN S RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 71 i)y the eonvenierwes of grass, water, & c., and dismounting at every halt and nnsa(idling at every noon halt. No officer or man will be allowed to leave the road or the camp without the permission of the brigade commanders, aini no foraging will be permitted except by the division and brigade quartermasters, under proper authority. Regimental and company comlnan(lers will report all violations, which will be promptly and severely punished. Company commanders will hold an inspection of arms and supplies every morning, and will charge to and punish every man who has wasted his ammunition. Three companies of the Fortieth Kentucky Mounted Infantry, armed with Enfleld rifles, under command of Major Bierbower, will report to Colonel Hanson for duty A strong guard will bring up the rear, and will rigi(lly prevent any straggling. Men armed with Entleld ritles will take 125 rounds on their persons, besides the two boxes carried in their regimental ambulances. A trust- worthy officer will be left in charge of the troops and stores at this place, instructed to concentrate everything belonging to the command, and take charge of everything which comes forward. No music and no firing of guns or pistols after leaving this point. Respectfully, your obedient servant, THO. I. ELLIOTT, Lieutenant and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. All extra Ballard an(l Spencer ammunition must be carried along by the command. ANI)IIEWS, Chief (f Artillery. [Inclosiire im.] HDQRS. FIRST 1)lvIsIoN, DIsTRICT OF KENTUCKY, Month of Beaver, May 30, 1864. [General HoBsoN:] GENERAL: I have the honor to request that I may be ordered back to Lexington, Ky., via Louisa, within three days for the followingreasons: First. I am not needed here, as the duties can be performed by an ai(Ie-de-camnp. Second. If I were at Lexington I could be getting my reeor(ls up while there is little doing there. rihird I supposed I won] d have some cii ance of going to Virginia salt-~ oiks, w luch is not the case. Fointh The expedition will return within teim days, and I will only be a few dxys in dvance. Fifth I can do more good in the office at Lexington in keeping the papers all right than 1 can sleeping about here. Sixth Captain Dickson wishes inc to have sonme new books made P4 Cincmnatm and now is a good time to do so. Respe tfully, J. S. BUTLER, Captain and Assistant Adjutant- (Jeneral~ Inclosnie C.] HIJQRS. FIRST I)JYISIoN, DISTRICT OF KEN~PUCKY, ilromtth of Beaver, May 31, 1864. Brigadier-General Honsox, Commanding Division: GENERAL: In accordaiice with your instructions I have the hommor to submit the following rel)ort: On Sunday, May 22, the Second, Third, an(I Fourth Brigades of time division were furnished, accordiii g to orders, with five days allowaimc Page 72 72 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. of ratioiis and forage. These were intended to include Friday, May 27, but by purchasing ~rage ou the route, & c., they were to include a part of Saturday. Finding ito officer in charge of stores here, I took immediate measures on our arrival to ascertain the amount of forage, which was neirly 7,600 rations, finding them about three-fourths corn in sack and one-fourth oats. As we were expecting orders to move, I instructed the various officers of my department to use oats while here, that the corn might be reserved for marching. I issued two days grain forthe command present (2,528 animals), and immediately upon arrival of General Bnrbridge, in accordance with his verbal orders, instructed that the horses of this division should be fed but half rations, for which an order was also issued from your office. On Sunday, May 29, I was ordered to furnish the division with six days rations, but found that the whole amount at the post, added to that received by boats that day, would only make the proportion nine- seventeenths, so issued half rations; after doing which I immediately reported the fact to you in presence of General Bnrbridge. The letter of instructions from General Bnrbridge on Sunday last having indicated a change of operations, I was informed that Colonel Mims, of the Thirty-ninth Kentucky, was ordered to take charge of the detachments sent for rations and would superintend the transportation. There are no horses under my charge at this place except four for head~ quarters ambulance, two sent by Captain Fitch with ambulance for use of district headquarters, and those belonging to members of this staff. I have the honor to remain, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. II. LAWD, Captain and Acting Assistant Quartermaster. [Inclosure 1).] HDQRS. FIRST I)IYISIoN, i)1STRICT OF KENTUCKY, llrigadier-General BURBUIDGE, Mount Sterling, Ky., May 22, iSGI. Commanding District of Kentucky: GENERAL: In obedience to orders I have the honor to report that I have made an inspection of the troops at Monnt Sterling, and found the number of effective nlounted mcii to be as follows: For duty. o a ~ 0 Command. . a a a -0 9 3 ~ a ______________ ~ Q ~ a ______ 92 Second Bri~ade, Col. C. J. True commanding: 12th Ohio volunteer Cavalry 26 784 784 40th Kentucky Mounted In~fantry 26 425 425 Nevilles battery (C), 1st Wisconsin [Kentucky] Artillery 5 101 106 Third Bri ado Col. C. 5. Ranson commanding: 52d ILCentucky Mounted infantry 13 248 248 37th Kentucky Mounted Infantry 272 283 1st wisconsin Artillery (detachment) 38 42 Fourth Bri~ade, Col. II. M. Biown commanding: 45th Ken~cky Mounted Infantry 18 3 421 Page 73 CHAP. LI.] MORGAN S RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 73 The horses are generally in good condition; men in good spirits. The horses are shod, with one extra pair of shoes on saddle. Very respectfnlly, yonr obedient servant, Brigadier- E. H. HOBSON, General, Commanding. [Inclosure E.] HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., FIRST Dlv., P1ST. OF KENTUCKY, Davidsons Farm, June 4, 1864. Capt. JOHN S. BUTLER, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, District of Kentucky: SIR: I have the honor to make the following statement of the First Brigade: 11th Michigan Cavalry 357 412 6 39th Kentucky volunteers 501 476 25 Total ~. 858 888 31 Thirty-ninth Kentucky Volunteers average ninety-six rounds ammu- nition to each man. Eleventh Michigan Cavalry averages seventy-nine rounds for carbines and sixteen for pistols. Many of the horses ~havei sore backs, cans ed by the heavy pack, and some of the ammunition is, I fear, injured with dampness. Respectfully, yours, & c., S. M. FERGUSON, Licut. Col. Thirty-ninth Kentucky Vols., Comdg. Brigade. A DDENDA. HDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND EAST TENN., Abingdon, August 21, 1864. Hon. JAMES A. SEDDON, & cretary of War: SIR: In forwarding the inclosed commnnication I would respectfully make the following statement in regard to its contents, and submit the question to you as to whether I am properly arraigned by my subor- dinate, Colonel Giltuer: The bank at Mount Sterling I am satisfied was robbed by some of the soldiers of my command while they were in said place on the 7th of June. The fact was reported to me by Colonel Smith, as stated a few hours after the occurrence, but the enemy were at that time moving rapidly upon my flank and rear, endeavoring to gain the road between me and Lexington, their principal depot of supplies, and to have remained in Mount Sterling to investigate the bank robbery would have de- stroyed the object of the expedition and hazarded the safety of my command. There was no subsequent opportunity on the march through Kentucky where an investigation conld be held, as I was constantly on the move either to engage or elude tile enemy. As soon as I arrived a Page 74 74 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. this place the facts and circumstances connected with the transaction were ordered to be thoroughly investigated by the acting assistant inspector-general of my connuand. (For the character and standing of this officer I refer you to the Kentucky delegation in Congress.) Parties were written to in Kentucky to furnish statements in regard to the affair, and the cashier of the bank was requested to furnish a list of the de- positors, with the amounts, to the end that their property should be restored to them if found in possession of any soldier of my command. From some of the parties xvritten to I haVe received replies, and am still expecting further information from others that will assist greatly in determining who the guilty parties are. My inspector, it is true, has been granted a leave of absence for thirty days, but it was upon a snr- geons certificate of disability for that period. He has, however, been doing all that he could to ascertain a true understanding of the affair in question, and has been delayed only by the distance he has had to send for testimony and the difficulty of procuring it, and by the further fact that somne of the principal witnesses among the soldiers of my command are either absent in Kentucky or were captured on the expedition, and are confined in Northern prisons. The facts developed thns far are not sufficient to a full expos6 of the matter, ~and I have delayed any public action in regard to it until time whole thing can be thoroughly sifted. I deem it due to myself to state that both in the expedition referred to and since my return to Virgimmia Colonel Giltuer (lid not and imas not yielded me that soldierly respect and obedience which is essential to the efficiency of military movements and to the common business trans- actions with his commnand. And I think the Imonorable Secretary will not fail to perceive that his complaint is made more from i)ersonal 1)iqile toward inc than indignation at my delay. I am not aware of having given the colonel any offense to induce him to feel and act toward me as he does, and have tried in every way to conciliate him, but lindit impossible to do so. Its, however, the Department think his complaint well founded I am willing to afford any and every facility to any agent they may deem proper to send to relieve me of the investigation. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, JNO. H. MOI~GAN, Brigadier- 4~eneral, Commanding. [Inemosure.] HDQRS. FIRST CAVALRY BRIGADE, MORGANS DIVISION, Abingdon, Ira., A mgust 18, 1864. Hon. JAMES A. SEDDON, & cretary of War: SIR: I respectfully ask that an investigation be ordered concerning the forcible entry of a bank of deposit at Mount Sterling, Ky., and the seizure and carrying away of the funds by a portion of General Morgans command. Money to the amount of about $80,000 in gold, silver, bank notes, and Federal currency was taken from the bank in question on the 7th day of June last, while General Morgan, with his coummand, was in Mount Sterling, Ky. A large portion of this sum belonged to deposi- tors who are friendly to our cause and the whole sum to private individ- uals. I regret the necessity which compels me to address you npou~ this subject, and I beg leave to assure you it is only (bile after every effort has been exhausted to induce General Morgan to take action. A few hour Page 75 t~4AP. LIJ MORGANS RAID INTO KEN1~UCKY. after the robbery Was committed General Morgans attention was called to the fact by Cot. ID. Howard Smith, Who nvged him to have the mat- ter investigated at once. Instead of doing so he moved with a. por- tion of his command that day toward Lexington, Ky. Since the return of the command to Abingdon, Ya., appeals have l)eell made to him by Uols. H. A. Alston and H. M. Martin and others to institute proceed- ings of investigation, but lie has f~iled to do so, except in so far as to appoint his inspector-general, Capt. B. H. Allen to look after it. With- out having taken any steps in the matter his inspector-general has been allowed to go off on a thirty days leave of abseuce. 1 regard this outrage as most high-handed and disgraceful, and hav- ing been associated with General Morgan during his Kentucky expedi- tion, neither myself nor my officers are willing to be identified with it, and it is but just to them and to me that a full and fair investigation should take place at once. I respectfully request that the Department send some reliable agent to this command to take the testimony. Yery respectfully, your obedient servaiit, H. L. GILTNER, Colonel, Comdg. First Cavalry Brigade. HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY BRIX~ADE, Blue Springs, Tenn., August 23, 1864. Hon. JAMES A. SEDDON, Secretary c~f War: SIR: Herewith I inclose you a copy of letter* addressed to yon, and sent through official channels at time of its date. Fearing that the mat- ter may be delayed in General Morgans office, and earnestly desiring that the Department may take some early action, I take the liberty of sending a copy direct. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. L. GILTNER, Colonel, Commanding Williams Brigade. RICHMOND, June 2.9, 1864. H. Marshall presents for the perusal of the President a letter written by General John H. Morgan on the eve of his departure for Kentucky, which Hon. E. M. Bruce says the President would like to see. Mr. M~arshall] hopes the President will find in its pages satisfactory evidence of the bold strategy which directed General Morgans movement, and that as the effect upomi General Burbridge proved exactly as General M~organ] had calculated lie will have credit for fertility of military re- source, which by drawing the adversary back into Kentucky has prob- ably saved Saltville, while his opportnne reappearance will be apt to protect it against the efforts of those whose comnbinations have been thus far thwarted by his movement. The letter at least exhibits the views and mnotives of Gemmeral Morgan. Respectfully, & c., H. MARSHALL. For the PRESIDENT. See next, ante Page 76 [CHAP. LI 76 KY., SW. VA., SUENN., MISS., ALA., ANP N. GA. [Inclosure.] ABJNGDON, May 29, 18G4. M~ DEAR GENERAL: To-morrow start for our old State with be- tween 800 and 900 dismounted men and 1,200 mounted. This depart- ment is entirely out of commissary stores, and my horses have had no forage for weeks. I am starting under the most unfavorable circum- stances. Have 150 miles of desolate country to pass before reaching food. for man or beast; a country that you are perfectly familiar with. Jimmy Young has this moment reached here. One month since sent him into Kentucky to remain until I camQ or something important occurred. He left Olympian Springs last Tuesday (24th). General Hobson reached that place at night with 3,000 men, viz, four Kentucky regiments and two Ohio; colonels commanding, Hanson, True, Brown, and Ratliff; the others he has forgotten. Hobson stated publicly that he was en route to Saltville; that it would certainly be taken this time. They were to re-enforce Generals Averell and Crook, who are now in Yirginia awaiting their arrival, and unless that combination camm be thwarted I am fearful they will succeed; therefore the greater necessity of very speedy movement into their country, as I think that is the only possible means of frustrating tlmeir plans. So soon as they are apprised of a force being in the State they will immediately return. If not, Ican injure them munch more than they can us. My forces cannot possibly protect this country, and they will starve in ten days if they remnain. I shall strike for Frankfort, destroying that road as near Nashville as possible; move through Middle Tennessee if necessary, and try and interrupt coummunication upon the road to Chattanooga. You may rest assured, general, I shall do all in nmy power to relieve this portion of our Confederacy, and can certainly do so by leaving at once. Met your son, the captain, a few days since. Was much pleased with hium. I hope, general, that in a short time you will hear of our boys being in the capital of Kentucky. Yours, very truly, JNO. H. MORGAN, Brigadier- General. [First indorsement.] JUNE 30, 1864. Referred to General Bragg for his information. Please return with remarks. J. D. [Second indorseniient.] HDQRS. ARMIES OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES, Richmond, July 2, 1864. Respectfully returned to His Excellency the President. The accounts received so far do miot indicate any satisfactory result of the movenment into Kentucky by General Morgan. Should he ever return with his commnand it will as usual be disorganized and unfit for service until again armed, equipped, and disciplined. Time large nmu- ber of prisoners we always lose by these raiding expeditions has been the source of great evil, placing us, in that respect, at the mercy of a cruel foe. Had this force been with us in the Valley of Virginia we shotinld probably not have to regret a defeat there and mourn the loss of one of our most gallant leaders, who fell imin striving to save that in- valuable region from devastation. BRAXTON BRAGG, General Page 77 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 77 [Third indorsernent.] SEPTEMBER 16 1864 Secretary of War for special attention. J. D. ABJNGDON, VA., August 14, 1864. Governor HAWES, Abingdon, Va.: GOVERNOR: I take the liberty of applying to you, as the highest offi- cial of the State of Kentucky, to procure yonr aid in bringing abont an investigation of certain matters which occurred on the late expedition of General Morgan through that State. I regret to state that the most unbounded license and plundering prevailed on the whole trip. Prop- erty was forcibly taken from citizens for private purposes; houses were plundered of the silver-plate and even the clothing of the occupants; jewelry was taken from the persons of females, and in one or two well- established cases violence was threatened to effect it. In the case of the Misses Todd, of Cynthiana, a young man, who was temporarily acting as a staff officer, drew his pistol on the ladies, and in the most threatening manner ordered them to deliver their money and jewelry, asserting at the same time that he was an officer and acting under authority. In the case of Mrs. Hamilton the offense is still more aggra- vated. This lady was riding to the town of Mount Sterling with deli- cacies for our wounded when she was halted, made to give up her watch and other jewelry, and also her horse. Banks were robbed, and the actors in these transactions were publicly exhibiting the fruits of their stealiugs. In fact, I will not weary you with recounting in further detail the numberless acts of this sort that were perpetrated. Suffice - it to say, that the conduct of our command on this expedition was such as to disgrace the country and cause a man to blush at the name of Confederate soldier. When I returned to our lines I determined to have these matters investigated, and accordingly on the 1st day of July I sent General Morgan the following communication: CAMP NEAR BRISTOL, TENN., Jaly 1, 1864. GENERAL: A report is current in the community, as well as in camp, that in addi- tion to the general plundering andlicense which prevailed on our late expedition, that the banks were robbed at Mount Sterling of $62,000, at Lexington of $10,000, ud at Winchester and Maysville of bonds and money, amount not known. These rumors are based on the statements of a number of reliable gentlemen, who implicate several members of your staff, and also your couriers, as among the guilty parties. One person connected with your staff has been heard to boast that he participated in the Mount Sterling robbery, and although he has not yet obtained his share of the booty he will do so or expose the whole matter. As officers deeply interested in the reputation of your command, as well as from a duty which we owe to our own characters, we would most earuestly request an im- mediate official investigation of these matters, so that if proved to be true tbe blame may rest where it properly belongs and the guilty parties brought to that punish- ment which they most justly deserve. Very respectfully, & c. This letter was signed by one other officer besides myself, Lieut. Col. IR. M. Martin. Inclosed in this letter was a private communication stating more freely the reasons which had induced us to urge this mat- ter, and informing General Morgan that his own character was deeply concerned in the result. The 3d day of July a reply was received fromn General Morgan expressinghis gratitude for the kind attention which had called the matter to his notice, and stating that as his own character was deeply affected no one could be more anxious than he was to have the affair fully investigated and the proper atonement made to the injure Page 78 78 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. ~A. [CHAP. LL parties and punishment inflicted upon the guilty; that he had turned the matter over to his inspector-general, with instructions to make vigorous inquiry and report. His inspector-general, Capt. B. H. Allen, also wrote a letter stating that the matter had been turned over to him by General Morgan, and after the most diligent inquiry, although he had heard a great many rumors on the subject of these depredations complained of he had not yet been able to obtain any tangible legal evidence that the alleged robberies had been committed. Although Captain Allen, the inspector-general to whom the matter was referred, was one of the par- ties who was implicated by general rumor, the following letter was sent to him: CAMP NEAR BRISTOL, July 3, 1864. CAPTAIN: Your communication in reply to our joint communication of the 1st in- stant in relation to the bank robberies that were committed by our command in Ken- tucky is received. You state that, although you have heard a great many rumors on the subject, you have not yet been able to get hold of any tangible evidence that the alleged robberies were ever committed, and you ask us to furnish you with any that may be in our possession. If a court of imjuiry is called there will be abun- dant evidence furnished to convict at least two commissioned officers, two non-com- missioned officers, and t~o privates, also a courier on General Morgans staff. It will also beproved that one of the non-commissioned staff has publicly asserted that he participated inthe Mount Sterling robbery, and unless fairly dealt with will expose the whole matter. It will also be proved that a party belonging to Company A of Second Battalion has stated publicly that he was sent for to the front to participate and aid in these robberies, and refused, stating that he would prefer to remain with hi~ company. There are many other things of this nature can all be established before any court of competent jurisdiction, but the names of the witnesses are withheld for the present until such a court can be convened. There is a young man in Capt. N. W. Leas company who states that he was sent by Doetor Williams (General M[organ]s ordnance officer), when at Lexington, to procure a candle; that in passing down Main street he saw a light in a building and entered it for the purpose of getting it; that he saw Capt. Edward P. Byrne, chief of artillery, taking possession of a num- ber of bags of specie; that lie handed a number of these bags to Humphrey Castle- man, who continued to receive as many as he could carry away on his horse; that Captain Byrne then gave him one of the bags and told him to keep it until called for, first inquiring his name and the company to which lie belonged; that he re- ceived the bag, which contained $650 in silver, and not having an opportunity to return it to Captain Byrne, he had brought it to Abingdon, Va., where he had de- posited it with a prominent citizen, informing him how he had obtained it, and re- questing him to keep it until called for. This we consider tangible evidence that the alleged~ robberies were certainly committed, and we would again urge that they be in~~estigated. Very respectfully, & c. Soon after I sent this communication I was sent for to come to Abing- don. On my arrival I was called upon to give the names of the wit- nesses referred to. I did so, and expected, of course, that their testimony would have been taken. On the contrary, the inspector-general, the very party who had been appointed to take testimony, called on Humphrey Castleman, and instead of taking his evidence told him that mum was the word. I use his language. After waiting two weeks for Captain Allen to take the evidence of Mr. George W. McCullough (the young inan who had received the bag of specie), and finding that he did not do it, I took him before a justice of the peace and had him to give his affidavit of all that lie knew in the matter. My reason for doing this was that I saw that instead of the witnesses being examined they were sent to distant parts of the country, and all privates who dared to speak openly of the con- duct of the expedition were arrested. I therefore feared that the power of superior authority would soon transport all tangible evidence,~ so far out of the way that when the casi was solemnly called up for invest Page 79 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 79 gation I would not be able to bring proof to sustain the statements con- tained ill my communication. I therefore procured the affidavit of Mr. McCullough on the 17th day of ~Ituly, and would furnish you with a copy of it~ but it~ With all the other original papers relating to these matters, wa~ purloined out of my pocket since my arrival at this l)lace. My dear sir, I hope you will pardon my forcing this matter on your attention, but I look upon it as involving the most important interests of the service. The concentrated power which the authority to appoint officers has given the commanding general has produced such sub- serviency, and I may say fear, that already I see evidences of shrimuking on the part of those who at first were very loud in denouncing the course of the command, and the petty annoyances to which I have been sub- jecte(l render my situation anything but agreeable. Within the past three days I have been ordered from liogersville, Tenui., a distance of seventy miles, to report to this place. On my arrival 1 find -that the object of ordering me here is to send me to Gladesville, Va., to inspect Prentices battalion. I am taken away froni the command of a brigade and department where there was the most constant need of vigilant exertion, without leaving a field officer to command in mny absence, to ride 120 muiles to inspect a battalion, whemi Captain Allen, the inspector- general, is oft~ on mere nominal orders, traveling about the South, amid Lieutenant Tyler, the assistant inspector is in Abingdon, with noth- ing to do. I would also state that I am not relieved from duty in East Tennessee because of my neglect. On the contrary, I had exerted mnyself so vigorously while oyt duty there to collect together the wandering and marauding bodies of independent scouts, who had been almost as great terror to onr own people as the approach of the enemy, that the whole community offered to send a petition to the commaudimiig general to allow me to remain. You mnust really excuse this persoual explanatiomi which the circumstances of the case render uecessary~ While I do not object to any duty that my superior officers have a right to order me to, yet I do object to a duty which I know is given me as a kiud of punishment. The conduct of our command in Kentucky is to be deeply regretted, not only for the discredit which it brought to our arms, but I feel that in the disaster which was brought on mis by convertiniv th.e expedition into one of plunder auid robbery we lost the greatest political opportu- nity which has yet been offered in Kentucky. 1 have muade five raids throu~h the State since the beginnim ig of the war, and I have never seen so great a chammge in a whole people as seemne(l to have taken place since I was there last. Men who six months ago would have offi~red rewards for our capture were out to greet mis and say God speed. Re- cruits were flocking to us every hour, and but for the reckless mismuan- agement of the whole expedition, which was directly the result of our unlicensed amid thieving course, we womild this day have been in Ken- tucky with an army of 20,000 muen, and Sherman would have been fleeing before our army in Georgia. The State would have stood self- redeemed before the w.orld. You miiay think it an enthusiastic opinion, but I assure you it is uttered with calm earnestness. We entered the -. State with 2, ~00 good men, amid we left it with about 700 scattered fmmgi- tives [,whereas, if General M. had not gomme away with Second Brigade from Mount Sterling to avoi(l the investigation of the robbery there, we would, instead of losing 51 good men killed amid 83 severely wounded at that place, have annihilated the whole regular force of *] the emmemy, and hi the original the portion here embraced in brackets is icirti~i11y erased, or marked out, but is ueeded to give sense to the concluding l)art of the letter Page 80 80 KY., SW. YA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA [CHAP LI. had nothing left to contend with. I have said enough to satisfy you of the importance of this matter. With renewed apologies for trou- bling you with it, I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. A. ALSTON. SPECIAL ORDERS, ADJT. AND INSP. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 205. ~ Richmond, Va., August 30, 1864. * * * * * * * XXII. No instructions having been given by this Department, and some doubt existing as to the nature of the authority for the recent ex- pedition of Brig. Gen. J. H. Morgan into Kentucky, and grave repre- ~entations from different sources having been received concerning its events, and of excesses and irregularities, amounting in many instances to depredations and spoliations, alleged to have been committed by that command, not merely through the license of the soldiery, which of itself would have been discreditable to the command, but with the tolerance, if not connivance, of officers of different grades of authority therein, all of which reflects reproach and disgrace upon the character of onr service and demands investigation and correction, it is ordered that Brig. Gen. J. H. Morgan be suspended from command and a court .of inquiry, to consist of Maj. Gen. Robert Ransom, Col. R. I-I. Chilton, assistant adjutant and inspector general, and Col. M. H. Cofer, Sixth Kentucky Volunteers, with Col. William H. Payne, Fourth Virghiia Cavalry, as recorder, be at once constituted and convened, to meet at Abingdon, in Southwestern Virginia, on the 10th day of September next, or as soon thereafter as I)raeticable, to make inquiry and report, with the evidence, their opinion on the merits of the case, as to the source and extent of the authority upon which said expedition was undertaken, the organization and strength of the command at starting, and the nninber brought back, distinguishing the number of those recruited and those who started with the command, as likewise in regard to the general conduct of the expedition and the events marking it; also, especially, whether the same was attended with undue license, and in rked by robberies, depredations, or unwarrantable injuries to the people or corporations of that State; whether and to what extent such outrages were tolerated by or participated in by the officers of the com- mand, and whether property or effects of any kind seized by military authority or undue license have been turned over or accounted for to the proper officers, or have been appropriated or wasted. By command of the Secretary of War: JNO. WITHERS, Assistant Adjutant- ~1cncral. SPECIAL ORDERS, ADJT. AND INSP. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 218. Richmond, & ptcmber ii, 1864. * * * * * * * XXXI. A court of inquiry, to consist of Maj. Gen. Robert Ransom, jr., Provisional Army, C. S.; Col. R. H. Chilton, assistant adjutant and inspector general, and Lient. Col. G. W. Connor, Fifth Ken- tucky Volunteers, will assemble at Abingdon, Southwestern Vir- ginia, on the 20th instant, or as soon thereafter as practicable, to cx- amine into the abuses reported to have been practiced by the command recently in Kentucky under the late Brigadier-General Morgan. Th Page 81 CHAP. LI.] MORGAN7S RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 81 court will examine into the source and extent of the authority upon which said expedition was undertaken, the organization and strength of the command at starting, and the number brought back, distinguish- ing the number of those recruited and those who started with the com- mand, as likewise in regard to the general conduct of the expedition and the events marking it; also, especially, whether the same was at- tended with undue license, and marked by robberies, depredations, or unwarrantable injuries to the people or corporations of that State; whether and to what extent such outrages were tolerated by or par- ticipated in by the officers of the command, and whether property or effects of any kind seized by military authority or undue license have been turiied over or accounted for to the proper officers, or have been appropriated or wasted. The court will report all the facts growing oat of the investigation, together with their opinion on the merits of the case. Capt. James T. Jones, Fourth Alabama Volunteers, is ap- pointed the judge-advocate and recorder of the court. Paragraph XXII, of Special Orders, No. 205, current series, from this office, is hereby revoked. By command of the Secretary of War: ED. A. PALFREY, Assistant Adjutant- General. [NoTE.The record of court of inquiry cannot be found, but in the Record of Courts-Martial kept in Adjutant and Inspector Generals Office appears the following entry:] Morgans expedition into Kentucky. Court of Inquiry to investigate proceedings. Court was convened September 20. The opinion of the Court of Inquiry requires that the cases of the officers therein should be brought before a court for trial. The military court of the depart- inent in which they are serving has jurisdiction of the alleged offenses, and charges will be preferred and laid before that court. The prisoners implicated will be placed in confinement to await trial. JEFFERSON DAVIS. OCTOBER 19, 1864. Sent to General Breckinridge, by order of General Cooper, October 26, 1864. SALISBURY, N. C., March 20, 1865. Capt. CHARLES M. BLACKFORD, Judge-Advocate: DEAR SIR: We were delayed by the Kentucky bank cases until about the last of February. The records were handed~over to General Echols, including the record of the Court of Inquiry over which Major-Generd Ransom presided. I retained it as necessary in the prosecution of the cases to be tried. On inspection you would find singular discrepancies between it and those of our Court, and still more between the different records of our Court as among themselves. I incurred a good deal of ill-will in the trial of the cases, but am sure I did not transcend my duty. I did not receive any response to the application to transfer the cases until they were all disposed of by the Court. I hope Colonel Chil- tons attention will be called to these records. We find no business ready for us here, and little prospect of any. General J. E. Johnston says we must await his orders at this place; that the Court is for the Department of North Carolina. He seems to think it a permanent transfer, though our orders said we should report temporarily. It would 6 R RYOL XXXIX~ PT Page 82 82 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. be a matter of convenience in disposing & f ones family to know whether we are to stay here or return to Department of East Tennessee. The Charleston court has been sent to Augusta. Cheatliams court was left there. I believe there is no court now with the Army of Tennessee. The surface of affairs indicates great need of an overhauling of some sort in this region, but in the midst of so active a campaign I do not think munch will be done. Can I get the General Orders for 1865, and have them sent to the Court hereafter ~ I have only one of the current series. Colonel Neill left his family at Abingdon. I brought mine to Lynchburg. Yours, respectfully, MILTON P. JARNAGIN, Judge-Advocate. Charges and specifications against Private Humphrey Castleman, Company , Ptrst Kentucky Cavalry. CHARGE 1: Conduct to the prejudice of good order and military dis- cipline. Specification 1.In this, that on or about the 10th of June, 1864, at or near Lexington, Ky., Private Humphrey Castleman, Company , First Kentucky Cavalry, Provisional Army, C. S., with force and arms re- moved from and out of a bank, the name and stockholders of which are nnknown, about $10,000 and applied the same to his own use, with intent to deprive the true owners thereof. This while the town was occupied and held by the forces of the Confederate States. Specification 2.In this, that on or about the 10th of June 1864, at or near Lexington, Ky., after the capture of said town by the Confederate forces, the said Humphrey (Dastleman, private, Company , First Ken- tucky Cavalry, was ordered by his superior officers to take possession of certain public funds in a bank in said town for the use of the Confederate States, whereupon he took from said bank about $10,000 in obedience to said orders, but, in violation of his duty and in fraud of the Confed- erate States, applied the same to his own use. Specification 3.In this, that on or about the 10th of Jnne, 1864, at or near Lexington, Ky., the said Private Humphrey Castleman, Coin- pany , First Kentucky Cavalry, captured about $10,000 from the enemy, and failing to account for the same to the Confederate States fraudulently applied the same to his own use. Specification 4.In this, that on or about the 10th of June, 1864, at or near Lexington, Ky., the said Private Humphrey Castleman, Com- pany , First Kentucky Cavalry, combined and confederated with one Capt. E. P. Byrne am! others to rob a bank in the town of Lexington, Ky., the namne and stockholders of which are unknown, and did with said Byrne and others take from and out of said bank about $10,000 by force and arms, and applied the same to the use of himself~ said Byrne, and others, with intent to deprive the true owners thereof. This imme- diately after the capture of said town and while Confederate forces were holding it and in the midst of active military operations. Respectfully submitted. MILTON P. JARNAGIN, Judge-Advocate. Witnesses: Captain Byrne, Byrnes battery; Lieut. Robert Tyler, Company F, Second Kentucky Battalion; Private G. W. McCullough, Company F, Dukes Mounted Comupany (B), First Kentucky Battalion~ Private Young, comupany unknown, and others Page 83 CHAP. LI.] MORGANS RAID INTO KENTUCKY. 83 Charges and specifications against Snrg. P. II. ~Joode, Prorisional Army, Confederate States. CHARGE 1: Embezzlement of funds belonging to the Confederate States of America intrusted to his custody. AS~pecification.Jn this, that on or about the 8th of June, 1864, at or near Mount Sterling, Ky., the Confederate forces, nuder command of Brig. Gemi. John H. Morgan, captured about ~72,OOO in specie and Treas- ury notes of the United States from the enemy, which said money was then and there intrusted to the safe-keeping of the said H. iLl. Goode, surgeon, Provisional Army, C. S., then serving on the staff of said Gen- eral Morgan; but failing to account for the same the said Goode fraud- ulently applied the same to his own use. CHARGE 2: Conduct to the prejudice of good order and military chscipline. Specification 1.In this, that on or about the 8th of June, 1864, at or near Mount Sterling, Ky., after capture of sai(1 town, and while it was held by the Confederate forces, Brig. Gen. John H. Morgan, commanding, ordered the said Surg. H. H. Goode, then serving on his staff; to enter the Farmers Bank of Kentucky, located in said town, and seize the public funds in said bank for the use of the Confederate States, where- upon said Goode took from said bank about $72,000, and failing to account for the same, applied said money to his own use. Specification 2In this that on or about the 8th of June, 1864, at or near Mount Sterling, Ky., the said H. H. Goode, surgeon, Provisional Army, C. S., serving on the staff of Brig. Gen. John II. Morgan, captured about $72,000 from the enemy, and failing to account for the same, ap- plied it to his own use, in fraud of the rights of the Confederate States. Specification 3.In this that on or about the 8th of June, 1864, at or near Mount Sterling, Ky., H. H. Goode, surgeon, Provisional Army, C. S., with force and arms entered the Farmers Bank of Kentucky, whose stockholders are unknown, and robbed said bank of about $72,000, which he applied to his own use with intent to deprive the true owners thereof. Hespectfully submitted. MILTON P. JAHNAGIN, Judge-Advocate. Witnesses: Private Stott, company unknown; Benjamin Hobertson, citizen; Lieut. Col. Thomas Johnson, Second Kentucky Mounted Hifies; Maj. John T. Chenoweth, Tenth Kentucky Mounted Hifles; Asst. Surg. W. M. Hanna, Second Kentucky Cavalry; Calvin C. Morgan, Kentucky. [First indorsement.] MILITARY COURT HOOM, DEPT. OF EAST TENNESSEE, Abingdon, November 2, 1864. Hespectfully forwarded to department headquarters for orders, as directed. MILTON P. ~JAHNAGIN, Judge-Advocate. [Second indorsement.] HDQRS. DEPT. WESTERN VIRGINIA AND EAST TENNESSEE, Wytheville, Va., November 4, 1864. Approved, and will be tried by military court, Department of East Tennessee. By command of Major-General Breckinridge: J. STODDAHD JOHNSTON, AssisU~nt Adjutant- ~#euera Page 84 84 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. [Third indorsement.] MILITARY COURT, DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, Abingdon, February 9, 1865. Respectfully returned to department headquarters, with the remark that the accused is said to have fled to Kentucky. MILTON P. JARNAGIN, Judge-Advocate. ~, 1861. Hon. J. A. SEDDON, RICHMOND, & ptember PT sS~eeretary of War: SIR: The memoranduiu I promised to make out for you is as follows: Giltuer went to Kentucky with 1,640 men. His returns two days ago show (aggregate) 316 men. General Morgan started to Kentucky with (of his own command) about 800. Its present force is 292. It is re- ported that 50 recruits came from Kentucky three days ago. Vaughn has on the Watauga, of h]s own command, 656. Cosbys (lodges) bri- gade numbers now 287. Many are without arms, and most have had no cooking utensils for months. Eighteen or twenty pieces of artillery in the department, and only four guns horsed and equipped. An artillery major much needed. Very respectfully, WM. HENRY NOIRRIS, Colonel. JUNE 113, 1864.Expedition from Memphis, Tenn., into Mississippi. SUM1VLAR-y O]3 TIlE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. June 7, 1864.Skirmish at Ripley, Miss. 10, l864.Engagement at Brices Cross-Roads (or Tishomingo Creek), near Gun- town, Miss. 11, 1864.Action at Ripley, Miss. Skirmish at Salem, Miss. 12, 1864.Skirmish at Davis Mills, Miss. 13, 1864.Skirmish near Collierville, Tenn. REPORTS, & C.~ No. 1.Maj. Gen. Cadwallader C. Washburn, U. S. Army, commanding District of West Tennessee.t No. 2.Brig. Gen. Samuel D. Sturgis, U. S. Army, commanding expedition. No. 3.Col. William L. MeMillen, Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry, commanding In- fantry Division. No. 4.Col. Alexander Wilkin, Ninth Minnesota Infantry, commanding First Bri- gade. No. 5.Col. Fe Witt C. Thomas, Ninety-third Indiana Infantry. No. 6.Licut. Col. Josiah F. Marsh, Ninth Minnesota Infantry. ~ See Vol. XXXVIII, Part I, pp. 23, 24, and 83, for Grants and Shernians references to these operations. t For correspondence between General Washburn and Generals stephen D. Lee and Nathan B. Forrest, pertaining to the treatment of colored troops, see Vol. XXXII, Part I, p. 586 Page 85 EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. Cwu~. LI.] 85 No. 7Lient. Col. Charles G. Eaton, Seventy-second Ohio Infantry. No. 8.Lient. Col. Jefferson Brumback, Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry. No. 9.Col. George B. loge, One hnndred and thirteenth Illinois Infantry, com- manding Second Brigade. No. 10.Col. Franklin Campbell, Eighty-first Illinois Infantry. No. 11.Lient. Col. Andrew W. Rogers, Eighty-first Illinois Infantry. No. 12.Lient. Col. George R. Clarke, One hnndred and thirteenth Illinois Infantry. No. 13.Col. Edward Bonton, Fifty-nintl~ U. S. Colored Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 14.Brig. Gen. Benjamin H. Grierson, U. S. Army, commanding Cavalry Di- vision. No. 15.Col. George E. Waring, jr., Fourth Missonri Cavalry, commanding First Brigade. No. 16.Lient. Col. Thomas M. Browne, Seventh Indiana Cavalry. No. 17.Col. Edward F. Winslow, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, commanding Second Bri- gade. No. 15.Lient. Col. John W. Noble, Third Iowa Cavalry. No. 19.Maj. Abial R. Pierce, Fourth Iowa Cavalry. No. 20.Proceedings of a Board of Investigation. No. 21.Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, C. S. Ar my, commanding Department of Ala- bama, Mississippi, and East Lonisiana. No. 22.Maj. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest, C. S. Army. No. 23.Return of casnalties in the Confederate forces. No. 1. Report of ]VIaj. Gen. Cadwallader C. Washburn, U. & Army, command ing District of West Tennessee. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, Memphis, Tenn., July 20, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to inclose herewith the report of Brig. Gen. S. ID. Sturgis, of the conduct and results of the recent expedition into the State of Mississippi, commanded by him, and also the reports of subordinate commanders. This expedition was fitted out pursuant to orders from Major-General McPherson. The fact having become known that Major-General Forrest, of the Confederate army, was at Tupelo with quite a large mounted force, preparing for some expedition, it was re- garded as of the first importance to engage him, and if possible to whip and disperse his forces, as also to destroy the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, which had been placed in complete running order from Corinth to Mobile. My orders to make the movement were received two weeks before it was commenced, but from information I had as to the strength of the enemy I was compelled to await the arrival of other troops. On the 30th day of May Brig. Gen. T. Kilby Smith arrived from Red River with 1,800 men, but in such condition that only about 800 could be put into the field. Feeling that prompt action was important, and that a longer delay would probably allow General Forrest to carry out his plans, which were supposed to be to operate on General Shermans communications (a supposition since confirmed by reliable intelligence), I ordered out on the morning of the 1st of June my entire effective force here, consisting of 3,300 cavalry, 5,000 infantry, and 16 pieces of artillery. The infantry force was all moved by rail on the 1st of June to a point between Col- hierville and La Fayette, where a bridge was destroyed. The cavalry, artillery, and wagon train moved on the sanme day. The force sent out was in complete order, and consisted of some of onr best troops. The Page 86 86 KY., SW. YA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. were ordered to go in the lightest possible marching order, and to take oniy wagons for commissary stores and ammunition. They had a supply for twenty days. I saw to it personally that they lacked nothing to insure a successful campaign. The number of troops deemed necessary by Gen- eral Sherman, as he telegraphed me, was 6,000, but I sent 8,000. Briga- dier-General Sturgis was assigned to the command of the expedition. By the order of Major-General Sherman, General Sturgis had commanded an expedition in pursuit of Forrest one month previously. When that expedition was over I ordered him to report back to General Sherman which lie did, and was ordered back to report to me, simultaneously with my preparations for the second expedition. As he was the ranking gen- eral here, I regarded his having been ordered back to me at the time of my fitting out an expedition under orders as equivalent to an order to give him the command to which his rank entitled him, and felt that I had no alternative but to do so. He reported to me about three days before the expedition left, and was notified at once that he would com- inand the expedition. The order for him to take command was dated May 31, a copy of which is submitted herewith as an inclosure.* His order of march, and the incidents of the march, engagement, and retreat will appear in the accompanying reports. The troops were ordered to strike the Mobile and Ohio Railroad near Corinth, for the reason that on the previous expedition the route, via Hipicy, had been taken, and on their return General Sturgis reported that they could proceed no farther by that route on account of want of forage for ani- mals. Having information entirely reliable that at Corinth there were several thousand bushels of corn that had been sent up on the railroad, I regarded it as important that it should be captured and that what could not be consumed by our animals should be destroyed. This accom- plished, I ordered the column to pass south and destroy the railroad as it went. I was satisfied that after our troops struck the railroad near. Corinth General Forrest, if he intended to fight at all, would come north to save the road from destruction. I also believed that if the column first struck out for Corinth it would lead General Forrest to believe that the move was one intended to re-enforce General Sherman and that he would therefore endeavor to interrupt it, thus enabling us to fight the enemy without traveling a long distance to find them. The line of march indicated by me was not taken by General Stargis, but he took in- stead the line which he had before abandoned as impracticable. His reasons for the change will appear in his report. The result of the ex- pedition was a serious disaster. The first information I had of this re- sult was by a dispatch I received at 1 oclock on the morning of the 12th of June, sent to me from Ripley on the morning of the 11th. I im- mediately sent out by rail, at daylight on the morning of the 12th, 2,000 infantry of General A. J. Smiths command, which had just arrived from below, with instructions to march from the railroad terminus as rapidly as possible to relieve the retreating forces. On arriving at the railroad terminus they found General Sturgis there, with what lie supposed to be the entire force that had effected their escape. On the second day after Iwas advised that Colonel Wilkin, of the Ninth Minnesota Infantry, commanding a brigade, had arrived at Collierville, having fought his way back in good order. I immediately sent out a train to bring in his com- niand, numbering about 1,600. The expedition left the railroad ter- minus on the 2d of June and reached Brices Cross-Roads, a distance of See Special Orders, No. 38, Exhibit C, Proceedings of a Board of Investigation, p. 219 Page 87 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO ~jississippi. 87 sixty miles on the 10th. The force that escaped from Brices Cross- Roads returned to the railroad terminus in one day and two nights, with the exception of that portion brought in by Colonel Wilkin. The facts attending the disaster are now undergoing an investigation, which will doubtless exhibit fully the causes of our failure, and I do not desire to express my opinion as to those causes, further than to call attention to the fact, which appears in General Sturgis report, that he expected to be defeated, and had no confidence in the snccess of the expedition, a feeling which could not fail to have an important bearing upon the actual results. Of the conduct of the troops on this occasion I can only say that from all I can learn it is deserving of the highest praise. Oppressed by the intense heat, and completely exhausted physically, they went into ac- tion, as I learn, in the highest and most soldierly spirit possible. The enemy was met under circumstances not unfavorable to us, the troops fonght well, and inflicted upon the enemy a loss equal to if not greatly exceeding our own, and had they been properly brought into action I am confident the result would have been a most triumphant success. The colored troops made for themselves on this occasion a brilliant record. Their gallant and soldierly bearing, and the zeal and persist- ence with which they fought, elicited the warmest encomiums from all officers of the command. Their claims to be considered as among the very best soldiers of onr army can no longer, in my opinion, be seriously questioned. I have the honor to be, colonel, your obedient servant, C. C. WASHBURN, Major- General. Lient. Col. WILLIAM T. CLARK, Assistant Adjatant- General, Department of the Tennessee. No. 2. Reports of Brig. Gen. $amuel D. Sturgis, U. & Army, commanding expe dition. HEADQUARTERS, Fire miles southeast of Ripley, Miss., June 9, 1864. GENERAL: I regret exceedingly to record our position here, after being out eight days, but it has rained incessantly from the first hour, and our train has scarcely been able to get along at all. This was especially unfortunate, as it comnpels us to move at a snails pace over a desert region where there is absolutely nothing for the animnals. I have endeavored, however, to have a little grazing done when possible, and we are still alive. The weather looks clear this morning, and I hope we shall not be lommg in reaching Tupelo. Had it not been for so much rain there is little doubt but that we should have found Forrests force very much divided and weakened. As it is, they have had abundant time to concemitrate, if they wish to do so, and I presumne they will. At Salem I fitted out a party of 400 men, under Colonel Karg6, Second New Jersey, and sent him to Ricuzi, via Ripley, with orders to destroy the railroad, & c., themi to move np to IDanville and semze and hold the bridge over the Tuscumbia. On Tuesday, when near Ruckersville, I received information from General Grierson, then beyond that place, which left no doubt in m Page 88 88 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA,, AND N. GA. FOHAP. LI. mind as to the fact that the enemy had evacuated Corinth, in force, on the previous Friday and gone south. I immediately changed my course toward Ripley and sent information to Karg6 accordingly. The colonel joined us last evening, after a very severe march, which jaded his animals very much. I have as yet received 110 official report of his ol)erations, but from what I learn of the telegraph operator with him, arid others, the whole reconnaissance was conducted with the usual energy and intelligence of that fine officer. He brought in 13 prisoners and horses, and crossed the ilatchie when it was very high, fighting back Bells brigade, which followed him from 1~he vicinity of Ripley on his advance. He lost no men and only 1 horse. We have been almost constantly skirmishing with the enemys advance pickets for several (lays. Day before yesterday some three regiments appeared in our front and were driven until they escaped under cover of the darkness of the night. Toward evening the firing became pretty brisk. Next morning they had disappeared, leaving 5 dead and 11 wounded on the field. The whole number of prisoners I send by the train is 24, includ- ing 2 commissioned officers. I speak of the train without having referred to it before. I am anxious to diminish the train as much as pos sible, and at the same time get rid of sick and prisoners. So I am sending back such wagons as we do not require, and the, sick and weak soldiers and prisoners; in fact, all the eating and non-fighting portion of the command. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. D. STURGIS, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. Gen. C. C. WAShBURN, ]Iiliemp his. RIPLEY, Miss., June 11, 1864. Yesterday we had a very hard fight near Guntown. The enemy was in very large force. Our loss in killed and wounded is very heavy. We have lost most everything, including a number of wagons and artillery, with aimnunition. I have fallen back to this point. The ene- my will probably try to cut me offi I am working toward Memphis, on the Salem and Lamar [road]. If possible, please send me a brigade of infantry to help me. Please send a train of forage and some com- missary stores to the railroad terminus. The enemy has been concen- trating his forces and has drawn troops from Mobile and other points. Yours, respectfully, S. P. STURGIS, Maj. Gen. C. C. WASHBURN. Brigadier-General. COLLIERVILLE, June 12, 1864. GENERAL: I have just reached this point with the cavalry and frag- ments of infantry. Will you please send by the 11 a. in. train about 25,000 rounds Sharps cavalry ammunition, 10,000 rounds Spencer, and 5,000 rounds Colt revolving rifle, and one days rations for, say, 4,000 men. I will send down by first train such sick aimd wounded as we were able to bring along, and what is left of the infantry. If it is Page 89 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 89 practicable I would suggest tlie propriety of sending the Second Iowa Cavalry in the direction of Salem, as they would no doubt pick np many of our stragglers. Unless otherwise ordered by you, I will, as soon as I get everything away from this place, send the cavalry to Whites Station.* S. D. STURGIS, Brigadier- General, Commanding. General WASHBURN. WHITES STATION, June 13, 1864. Information is just received that some 2,000 of onr men have reached the vicinity of Collierville, fighting their way. The effective force of my cavalry is getting ready to hurry to their assistance, and if you will authorize it, I will load a train now here with infantry and send it in conjunction with the cavalry. S. D. STUIRGIS, Brigadier- General. General WASHBURN. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, In the Field, near Atlanta, August 24, 18648 p. m. ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor herewith to inclose the report of General Sturgis, of the expedition intrusted to him in June last, and invite a careful perusal of its contents and also of the accompanying documents. I do know that misfortunes may befall us all, and these are rendered more likely in wooded countries, with narrow roads and deep mud. He was dealing with a bold and dariiig foe, on fresh horses, familiar with the roads and by-paths, and perfectly nnencnmbered with trains. I consider a train of wagons reduces a command just one-half for it can- not move without covering its train. I am, with respect, W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. MEMPHIS, TENN., June 24, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of the expedition which marched from near La Fayette, Teun., under my command, on the 2d instant: This expedition was organized and fitted out under the supervision of the major-general commanding the District of West Tennessee, and I assumed command of it on the morning of the 2d of June, near the town of La Fayette, Teun., in pursuance of Special Orders, No. 38, dated headquarters District of West Tennessee, Memphis, May 31, 1804, and which were received by me on the 1st instant. The strength of the command in round numbers was about 8,000 men, and composed as follows: Cavalry: First Brigade, Col. G. E. Waring, jr., Fourth Missouri, commanding; strength, 1,500. Second Brigade, Col. E. F. Winslow, Fourth~ Iowa, commanding; strength, 1,800, with six pieces of artillery and four mountain howitzers. The division commanded by Brig. Gen. B. II. Grierson. * See also Exhibit B, p. 218 Page 90 90 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., AL A., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Infantry: First Brigade, Col. A. Wilkin, Ninth Minnesota, com- manding; strength, 2,000, with six pieces of artillery. Second Brigade, Col. U. B. loge, One hundred and thirteenth Illinois, commanding; strength, 1,600, with four pieces of artillery. Third Brigade, Col. E. Bouton, Fifty-ninth U. S. Colored Infantry, command?ing; strength, 1,200, with two pieces of artillery. My supply train, carrying rations for eighteen days, consisted of 181 wagons, which, with the regimental wagons, made np a train of some 2~30 wagons. My instructions were substantially as follows, viz: To proceed to Corinth. Miss., by way of Salem and Rnckersville, capture any force that might be there, then proceed south, destroying the Mobile and Ohio Railroad to Tupelo and Okolona, and as far as possible toward Macon and Columbus, with a portion of my force, thence to Grenada and back to Memphis. A discretion was allowed me as to the details of the movement when circumstances might arise which could not have been anticipated in my instructions. Owing to some misunderstanding on the part of the quartermaster as to the point on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad at which some forage was to have been deposited from the cars there was some little delay occasioned in getting the col- umn in motion. The following incidents of the march are taken from the journal kept from day to day by one of my staff, Capt. W. C. Itawolle, aide-de-camp and acting assistant adjutant-general: Wednesday, June 1.Expedition started from Memphis and Whites Station toward La Fayette. Thursday, June 3.The general and staff left Memphis on the 5 a. m. train and established headquarters at Leakes house, near La Fayette, and assumed command. Cavalry moved to the intersection of State Line and Early Grove roads, six miles from La Fayette. It rained at intervals all day and part of the night. Friday, June 3.Ordered the cavalry to move to within three or four miles of Salem. Infantry marched to Lamar, eighteen miles from La Fayette. Owing to the heavy rains during the day and the bad condition of the roads and bridges the train could only move to within fonr miles of Lamar, and did not get into park until lip. in., the colored brigade remaining with the train as a guard. Saturday, June 4.Informed General Grierson that the infantry and train under the most favorable circumstances could only make a few miles beyond Salem, and to regulate his march accordingly. Train arrived at Lamar about noon, issued rations to the infantry and rested the animals. It rained heavily until 1 p. in., making the roads almost impassable. Moved headquarters to the Widow Spights house, two miles west of Salem, and Colonel Hoges brigade of infantry to Robinsons house, four miles from Salem. Sunday, June 5.Infantry and train started at 4.30 a. in. and joined the cavalry two miles east of Salem at 10 a. in.; issued rations to the cavalry and fed the forage col- lected by them. Infantry remained in camp during the day. Cavalry moved to the intersection of the La Grange and Ripley and the Salem amid Ruckersville roads. Col. Joseph Karg6, Second New Jersey, with 400 men, started at 6 p. in., with in- structions to move, via Ripley, to Rienzi, to destroy the railroad; to proceed north, destroy bridge over Tuscumbia, and to join General Grierson at Ruckersville. Heavy showers during the afternoon. Monday, June G.Infantry and train moved at 4 a. m. on the Ruckersvihle road. Commenced raining at 5 a. m. and continued at intervals all day. Progress very slow; marched thirteen miles and made headquarters at Widow Childers, at inter- section of the Sanlsbury and Ripley and the Ruckersville and Salem roads. Cay- airy moved to Ruckersvihle. The advance guard of the infantry encountered a small party of rebels about noon and chased them toward Ripley on La Grange and Rip- ley roads Tuesday, June 7.Upon information received from General Grierson that there was no enemy near Corinth, directed him to move toward Ellistown on direct road from Ripley, and instruct Colonel Karg6 to join him by way of Blackland or CarrAlville. Infantry moved to Ripley, and cavalry encamped on New Albany road, two miles south. Encountered a small party of rebels near Widow Childers and drove them toward Ripley. In Ripley met an advance of the enemy and drove them on Ne Page 91 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 91 Albany road. Cavalry encountered about a regiment of rebel cavalry on that road and drove them sonth. Several showers during the afternoon and the roads very bad. JVeduesday, Jane 8.Received information at 4 a. m. that Colonel Karg6 was on an island in the Hatchie River, and sent him 500 men and two howitzers as re-enforce- nients. Winslows brigade of cavalry moved six miles on the Fulton road; infan- try and train moved five miles on same road. Colonel Warings brigade remained in Ripley awaiting return of Colonel Karg6, who joined him at 5 p. in., having swain the Hatchie River. Rained hard during the night. Thursday, June 9.Sent back to Memphis 400 sick and worn-out men and forty- oiie wagons. Cavalry and infantry moved to Stubbs, fourteen miles from Ripley. Issued five days rations (at previous camp). Rained two hours in the evening. Friday, June 10.Encountered the enemy at Brices Cross-Roads, twenty-three miles from Ripley and six miles from Guntown. At Ripley it became a serious question iu my miud as to whether or not I should proceed aiuiy farther. The rain still fell ill torrents. The artillery and wagons were literally mired down, and the starved and exhausted animals could with difficulty drag them along. Under these circumstances I called together my division commanders and placed before them my views of our condition. At this interview one brigade commander and two members of my staff were, incidentally, present also. I called their attention to the great delay we had undergone on account of the continuous rain and consequent bad condition of the roads; the exhausted condition of our animals; the great probability that the enemy would avail himself of the time thus afforded him to con- centrate an overwhelming force against us in the vicinity of Tupelo, and the utter hopelessness of saving our train or artillery in case of defeat, on account of the narrowness and general bad condition of the roads and the impossibility of procuring supplies of forage for the animals. All agreed with me in the probable consequences of defeat. Some thought our only safety lay in retracing our steps and abandoning the expedition. It was urged, however (and with some propriety, too), that inasmuch as I had abandoned a similar expedition only a few weeks before and given as my reasons for so doing the utter and entire destitution of the country,~~ and that in the face of this we were again sent through the same country, it would be ruinous on all sides to return again without first meeting the enemy. Moreover, from all the information General Washburn had acquired, there could be no consid- erable force in our front, and all my own information led to the same con- clusion. To be sure my information was exceedingly meager and unsatis- factory, and had I returned I would have been totally unable to present any facts to justify my course, or to show why the exl)edition might not have been successfully carried forward. All I could have presented would have been my conjectures as to what the enemy would naturally do under the circumstances, and these would have availed but little against the idea that the enemy was scattered and had no considerable force in our front. Under these circumstances, and with a sad forebod- ing of tile consequences, I determined to move forward, keeping my force as compact as possible and ready for action at all times, hoping that we might succeed, a feeling that if we did not yet our losses might at most be insignificant in comparison with the great benefits which might accrue to General Sherman by the depletion of Johnstons army to so large an extent. On the evening of the 8th, one day beyond Ripley, I assembled the commanders of infantry brigades at the headquarters of Colonel Mc- Millen, and cautioned them as to the necessity of enforcing rigid disci- pline in their camps, keepiiig their troops always in hand and ready t Page 92 92 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., ANJ) N. GA. [CHAP. Li. act on a moments notice that it was impossible to gain any accurate or reliable information of the enemy, and that it behooved us to move and act constantly as thongh in his presence; that we were now where we might encounter him at any moment, and that we must under no circumstances allow ourselves to be surprised. ()u the morning of the 10th the cavalry marched at 5.30 oclock, and the infantry at 7, thus allowing the infantry to follow immediately in rear of the cavalry, as it would take the cavalry a full hour and a half to clear their camp. The habitual order of march was as follows, viz: Cavalry, with its artillery, in advance; infantry, with its artillery, next; and lastly the supply train, guarded by the rear brigade, with one of its regiments at the head, one near the middle, aid one with a section of artillery in the rear. A company of pioneers preceded the infantry for the purpose of repairing the roads, building bridges, & c. On this morning I had preceded the head of the infantry column and arrived at a point some five miles from canip, where I found au unusu- ally bad place in the road, and one that would require considerable time and labor to render practicable. While halted here to await the head of the column I received a message from General Grierson that he had encountered a portion of the enemys cavalry. In a few mm- utes more I received another message from him, saying the enemy num- bered some 600 and were on the Baldwyn road; that he was himself at Brices Cross-Roads, and that his position was a good one, and he would hold it. He was then directed to leave 600 or 700 men at the crossroads to precede the infantry on its arrival, on its march toward Guntown, and with the remainder of his force to drive the enemy toward Baldwyn, and then rejoin the main body by way of the line of the railroad, as I did not intend being drawn from my main purpose. Colonel MeMillen arrived at this time, and I rode forward toward the cross-roads. Before proceeding far, however, I sent a staff officer back directing Colonel McMillen to umove up his advanced brigade as rapidly as possible without distressing his troops. When I reached the cross- roads I found nearly all the cavalry engaged, and the battle growing warm, but no artillery had yet opened on either side. We had four pieces of artillery at the cross-roads, but they had not been placed in position, owing to the dense woods on all sides, and the apparent impossibility of using them to advantage. Finding, however, that our troops were being hotly pressed, I ordered one section to open on the enemys re- serves. The enemys artillery soon replied, and with great accuracy, every shell bursting over and in the immediate vicinity of our guns. Frequent calls were now made for re-enforcements, but until the infan- try should arrive I had, of course, none to give. Colonel Winslow, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, commanding a brigade, and occupying a positio~m on the Guntown road a little in advance of the cross-roads, was espe- cially clamorous to be relieved and permitted to carry his brigade to the rear. Fearing that Colonel Winslow might abandon his position with- out authority, and knowing the importance of the cross-roads to us, I directed him in case he should be overpowered to fall back slowly toward the cross-roads, thus contracting his line and strengthening his position. I was especially anxious on this point, because, through some misunderstanding that I am yet unable to explain, the cavalry had been withdrawn without my knowledge from the left, and Iwas compelled to occupy the line temporarily with my escort, consisting of about 100 of the Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. This handful of troops, under the gallant Lieutenant-Colonel Hess, behaved very handsomely, and held the line until the arrival of the infantry. About 1.30 p. m. th Page 93 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 93 infantry began to arrive. Colonel loges brigade was first to reach the field, and was placed in position by Colonel McMillen, when the enemy was driven a little. General Urriersou now reqnested anthority to with- draw the entire cavalry, as it was exhausted aud well-nigh out of ammunition. This I authorized as soon as sufficient infantry was in position to permit it, and he was directed to reorganize his command in the rear and hold it ready to operate on the flanks. In the mean time I had ordered a section of artillery to be placed in position on a knoll near the little bridge, some 300 or 400 yards in rear, for the pur- pose of opposing any attempt of the enemy to turn our left. I now went to this point to see that my orders had been executed, and also to give directions for the management and protection of the wagon train. I found the section properly posted and supported by the Seventy-second Ohio Infantry, with two companies thrown forward as skirmishers and the whole nuder the superintendence of that excellent officer, Colonel Wilkin, of tb NThth Minnesota. While here the head of the wagon train, which had been reported still a mile and a half in rear, arrived. It was immediately ordered into an open field near where the cavalry were reorganizing, there to be turned round and carried farther toward the rear. The pressure on the right of the line was now becomiiig very great, and General Grierson was directed to send a portion of his cav- alry to that point. At this time I received a message from Colonel loge that he was satisfied that the movement on the right was a feint, and that the real attack was being made on the left. Another section of artillery was now placed in position a little to the rear of Colonel Wilkin, but bearing on the left of our main line, and a portion of the cavalry was thrown out as skirmishers. The cavalry which had been sent to the extreme right began now to give way, and at the same time the enemy began to appear in force in rear of the extreme left, while Colonel McMillcn required re-enforcements in the center. I now en- deavored to get hold of the colored brigade, which formed the guard to the train. While traversing the short distance to where the head of that brigade should be found, the main line began to give way at vari- ous points. Order soon gave way to confusion and confusion to panic. I sent an aide to Colonel MeMillen, in forming him that I was unable to render him any additional assistance, and that he must do all in his power with what he had to hold his position until I could form a line to protect his retreat. On reaching the head of the supply train Lieu- tenant-Colonel less was directed to place iii position in a wood the first regiment of colored troops I could find. This was done, and it is due to those troops to say here that they stood their ground well and rendered valuable aid to Colonel MeMillen, who was soon after com- pelled to withdraw from his original line and take up new position in rear. It was now 5 p. um. For seven hours these gallammt officers and men had held their ground against overwhelming numbers; but at last, overpowered and exhausted the only the field, but many of , y were compelled to abandon not their gallant comrades who had fallen, to the mercy of the enemy. Everywhere the army now drifted toward the rear, and was soon altogether beyond control. I requested Geim- eral Grmerson to accompany me, and to aid in checking the fleeing column and establishing a new line. By dint of entreaty and force, and the aid of several officers, whom I called to my assistance, with pistols in their hands, we at length succeeded in checking sonme 1,200 or 1,500, and establishing them in a line, of which Colonel Wilkin, Ninth Minnesota, was placed in commnand. About this time it was rel)orted to me that Colonel McMillen was driving the enemy. Page 94 94 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. placed but little faith in this report, yet disseminated it freely for the good effect it might produce upou the troops. In a few minutes, how- ever, the gallant Colonel IMcMillen, sad and disheartened, arrived him- self and reported his lines broken and in confusion. The new line, under Colonel Wilkin, also gave way soon after, and it was now im- possible to exercise any further control. The road became crowded and jammed with troops, the wagons and artillery, sinking into the deep mud, became inextricable, and added to the general c~nfusion that now prevailed. No power could now check or control the panic-stricken mass as it swept toward the rear, led off by Colonel Winslow, at the head of his brigade of cavalry, and who never halted until he had reached Stubbs, ten miles in rear. This was the greater pity, as his brigade was nearly, if not entirely, intact, and might have offered con- siderable resistance to the advancing foe. About 10 p. m. I reached Stubbs in person, where I found Colonel Winslow and his brigade. I then informed him that his was the only organized body of men I had been able to find, and directed him to add to his own every possible force he could rally as they passed, and take charge of the rear, re- maining in position until all should have passed. I also informed him that on account of the extreme darkness of the night and the wretched condition of the road I had little hope of saving anything more than the troops, and directed him, therefore, to destroy all wagons and ar- tillery which he might find blocking up the road and preventing the passage of the men. In this way about 200 wagons and 14 pieces of artillery were lost, many of the wagons being burned, and the artillery spiked and otherwise mutilated; the mules and horses were brought away. By 7 a. m. of the 11th we had reorganized at Ripley, and the army presented quite a respectable appearance, and would have been able to accomplish an orderly retreat from that point but for the unfortunate circumstance that the cartridge-boxes were well nigh exhausted. At 7 oclock the column was again put in motion on the Salem road, the cav- alry in advance, followed by the infantry. The enemy pressed heavily on the rear, and there was now nothing left but to keep in motion, so as to prevent the banking up of the rear, and to pass all cross-roads before the enemy could reach them, as the command was in no condi- tion to offer determined resistance, whether attacked in the front or the rear. At 8 a. m. on the 12th the column reached Collierville worn and ex- hausted by the fatigues of fighting and marching for two days and two nights without rest and without eating. About noon of the same day a train arrived from Memphis bringing some 2,000 infantry, com- manded by Colonel Wolfe, and supplies for my suffering men, and I de- termined to remain here until next day for the purpose of resting and affording protection to many who had dropped by the wayside, through fatigue and other causes. Learning, however, toward evening that the commander at Whites Station had information of a large force of the enemy approaching that place from the southeast, and knowing that my men were in no condition to offer serious resistance to an eneniy presenting himself across my line of march, I informed the general commanding the district by telegraph that I deemed it prudent to continue my march to Whites Station. Accordingly, at 9 p. in. the column marched again, and arrived at Whites Station at daylight next morning. This report having already become more circumstantial than was an- ticipated I have purposely omitted the details of our march from Riple Page 95 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 95 to Whites Station, as they would extend it to a tiresome length, but would respectfully refer you for these to th~ sub-reports herewith iu- closed. Casualties. Killed. wounde(l. Missing. Total. 0 ~ 0 0 ~ 0 ~ cavalry: First Brigade 22 51 134 207 Second Brigade 12 2 52 1 59 3 123 Total Infantry: First Brigade Second Brigade Third Brigade Total Grand total Total killed, wounded, and missing, 2,240. 34 2 103 1 193 3 330 2 38 10 145 25 811 37 994 5 34 18 407 23 441 1 109 3 131 8 100 12 400 8 381 13 276 51 1,378 72 1,835 8 215 15 379 52 1, 571 75 2, 165 It is difficult to furiiish any accurate estimate of the losses of the en- emy, but they are supposed by the principal officers of my command to be fully as great as our own iu killed and wounded, and by many sup- posed to largely exceed ours. I need hardly add that it is with feelings of the most profound paiu and regret that I find utyseif called upon to record a defeat and the loss and suffering incident to a reverse at a point so far distant from the base of supplies and re-enforcements. Yet there is some consolation in knowing that the army fought nobly while it did fight, and only yielded to overwhelming numbers. The strength of the enemy is variously estimated bymy most intelli- gent officers at from 15,000 to 20,000 men. A very intelligent sergeamit who was captured and remained five days in the hands of the enemy reports the number of the enemy actually engaged to have been 12,000, and that two divisions of infantry were held in reserve. It may ap- pear strange that so large a force of the enemy could be in our vicinity and we be ignorant of the fact, but the surprise will exist only in the minds of those who are not familiar with the difficulty (I may even say impossibility) of acquirimig reliable information in the heart of the ene- mys country. Our movements and unumbers are always known to the enemy because every woman and child is one of them, but we, as every- body knows who has had any experience in this war, can only learn the movements of the enemy and his numbers by actually fighting for the information, and in that case the knowledge often comnes too late. That our loss was greaI~is true; yet, that it was not much greater is due in an eminent degree to the personal exertions of that model soldier, Col. W. L. McMillen, of the Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry, who commanded the infantry, and to the able commanders under him. While I will not prolong this already extended report by recording individual acts of good conduct and the names of many brave officers and men who deserve mention, but will respectfully refer you for these to the reports of division amid brigade comnmanders, yet 1 cannot refraimi from expressing mny high appreciation of the yahiable services rendere Page 96 96 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA [OnAr. LI. by that excellent and dashing officer, Col. Joseph Karg6, of the Second New Jersey Volunteers, in his reconnaissance to Corinth, and his sub- sequent management of the rear guard, during a part of the retreat, fighting and defending the rear during one whole afternoon and throughout the entire night following. To the officers of my staffLient. Col. J. C. Hess, Nineteenth Penn- sylvania Cavalry, commanding escort; Capt. W. C. Rawolle, aide-de- camp and acting assistant adjutant-general; Capt. W. S. Belden, Sec- ond Iowa Cavalry, aide-de-camp; Lieut. E. Calkins, Seventh Indiana Cavalry, aide-de-camp; Lieut. Samuel Oakford, Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, aide-de-camp; Lieutenant Dement, acting assistant quarter- master; Lient. W. H. Stratton, Seventh Illinois Cavalry, acting commis- sary of subsistence, whose names appear in no other reportI am especially grateful for the promptness and zeal with which my orders were executed at all times, and often under tryiiig and hazardous cir- cumstances. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. D. STURGIS, Maj. ~. II. MORGAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Ildqrs. Dist. of West Tennessee, ihiemphis, Tenn. ADDENDA. MEMPHIS, TENN., June 11, 1861. Major MORGAN, Assistant Adjutant- General, District of lVest Tennessee: MAJOR: In view of the fact that my campaign has ended disastrously aild will be severely and perhaps unjustly criticized and misrepresented, I would respectfully request that I be relieved from further active duty (for the present), and that an investigation of the cause of failure be made as early as practicable, and while the officers are now here and their evidence can be secured. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. D. STUIRGIS, Brigadier- General. MEMPHIS, TENN., June 22, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. D. STURGIS, U. S. Yolunteers: GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your com- munication of this date in which you ask me to give you my opinion as to the causes of our late defeat near Guntown, and to what extent, if any, you were responsible for the same. In reply I would state that at the outset one great difficulty existed in the fact that the command was composed of troops of different commands, unacquainted with and dis- trustful of each other and new to the general commanding. A large portion of the force consisted of cavalry, which from the nature of things had to act in a great measure independently, being in advance and at a distance from your person; again, owing to the rain, bad condition of the roads, and the almost entire absence of forage for the animals, caused our advance to be necessarily slow. Frequent halts, sometimes for a whole day, were made in order to enable you to send out forag Page 97 CH~. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 97 parties to pick up the little forage which could be found within a safe distance of the line of march. Moreover, the movement of the column had to conforni itself to that of the pioneers, who were working to make the road passable. On the 7th, I think, parties of the enemy began to appear, and quite a number of their pickets were captured during that and the following day. The march had to be carefully conducted, ahd from that time until we met the enemy I never knew a command to be moved in a better manner or better discipline to be observed. Upon reaching Ripley the animals were much worn out for want of forage, and the men were on less thaii half rations. I understood that at this time you expressed yourself in favor of returning, believing that an advance would be disastrous, and that other officers, holding important commands, were of the same opinion, believing it impracticable to ad- vance through the wilderness without further supplies, but that you failed to give the order to return, in consequence of having positive in- structions to proceed. The enemy met us where common sense would naturally lead them to do so, a few miles from the point in advance, where supplies could be obtained, and yet as far as possible from our base and where the great- est difficulties presented themselves in the way of retreat. Through the medium of the citizens along the route they were of course advised of our force and movements, while we could gain no reliable information in regard to theirs. We were obliged to move on one road, the column extending along the road at least five miles, although well closed up. Attacking our front, they being already formed in line on their own ground, it necessarily took time to bring up our whole force and they had to be moved up rapidly. The weather being very warm, many meu were obliged to fall out and all came into action more or less fatigued and distressed. If they had marched in the cadence and with the proper length of step required by the tactics for double-quick, which troops seldom do, they would have been in better condition. The battle-ground was covered by heavy timber, an almost impenetrable thicket, so that little could be known of the position or number of tIme enemy. Troops as they came up had to be placed in position where most needed at the time, so that brigades; of necessity, were divided and scattered, and or- ganizations broken up. As to the propriety of forming the infantry in line as soon as the cavalry were attacked, permitting them to fall back and awaiting the enemy, I can scarcely form an opinion. The enemy could undoubtedly have moved around the flanks of any position which we could have taken, without being obliged to cross the open fields in our froimt and under our fire, or they might have declined to advance, knowing that we could not remain with supplies exlmansted. If we could have whipped them where they were we could then advance to Tupelo or Baidwyn, where supplies could be obtained. On the retreat such dispositions were made as to drive back the enemy from their pur- suit on the evening of the battle. Owing to the exhaustion of the ani- mals and the nature of time roads, the train and artillery, which Imad a good start, were unable to get along. When followed avid attacked the next umorniug, our ammunition was nearly exhausted and would soon have given out, leaving the whole conunand at the mercy of the enemy. It became necessary, therefore, that the retreat of time infantry should be as rapid as possible, while the cavalry covered it as long as their am- munition should hold out. I am of the opinion, however, that the meu nmiglmt in the retreat have been kept more together and better organized. I presume, however, that their Scattered condition in a great measure arose from their desire to accommodate their iuareh to that of the cav~ 7 I~ RYOL XXXIX~ PT Page 98 98 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAr. LI. airy, to which they seemed to look for protection, and many fell out of the mnks in consequence of the rapidity of the march. In regard to statements circulated, charging you with being intoxi- cated during the march and on the field of battle, I cau safely say, from my owu observation, that they are entirely false. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, ALEX. WILKTN, Cot. Ninth lliiinncsota Vols., and Late Comdg. First Brigade. MEMPHIS, TENN., June 23, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. P. STURGIS: GENERAL: hi reply to your communication of yesterday, I repeat what I expressed to you at Ripley in presence of Colonels McMillen and loge, that to advance beyond that point under the circumstances would in my opinion lead to disaster. The command was encumbered with a large train. The roads were in very bad condition, and the movement toward the enemys line of communication had been so slow as to give him ample time to learn our strength and concentrate his forces. Not having seen your instructions, I do not know, except from conversatiou with yourself; what dispositions you were compelled to make in accord- ance therewith. I cannot form an opinion upon all the points in rela- tion to which you ask it sufficiently decided and satisfactory to admit of its publication. Since returning from the expedition I have heard re- ports to the effect that you were drunk on the field of battle, and I take pleasure in saying that I know them to be false. Neither then nor dur- ing the expedition did I see in you the least sign of any undue use of intoxicating liquor. No other charges of personal misconduct gainst yourself have come to my knowledge, and I believe that you used your best endeavors to obey the orders of your superiors and to accomplish the objects of the expedition. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. II. GIIIEIRSON, Brigadier- 6rencral. IIDQRS. FIRST BRIG., CAy. Div., 16TH ARMY CORPS, Whites Station, June 23, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. P. STURGIS: GENERAL: I have received your letter of this date, asking me to state my opinion of the manner in which you conducted the recent expedition into Mississippi, and of the extent to which the failure of that expedi- tion is to be attributed to your fault. In reply I beg to state that (while I was not informed of the precise orders under which you proceeded, and had no means of knowing the full import of the information which you received of the position, strength, and intentions of the enemy) so far as I was able to judge of the objects of the expedition, and of the forces opposed to us, I at no time doubted that it was your duty to go on and to engage the enemy wherever he might be found. On the day of the battle of Brices Cross-Roads I commanded the head of the column, and f~ind it impossible to get any but the most vague information comi- ~crning the rebel force in our front p~mti1 we actually reache4 the field Page 99 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSiPPI. 99 where the battle was fought. Even here it seemed doubtful that we would meet with serious opposition. Jt became necessary to send out patrols to procure fuller information. The patrol toward Baldwyn al- most immediately struck a strong picket of the enemy, and was re-en- forced before the numbers opposed to us could be known. We were engaged by a force which I thought, as did General Grierson, must be met by my whole brigade; and I at once took up the only good position for more than a mile to oar rear. I think you were right in desiring to hold this position, and nothing for the first two hours of the battle in- dicated that it could not be held until the whole infantry force came up; indeed, it was held uiitil my brigade was relieved by the head of the in- fantry column. Even when I fell back to a new position I saw no reason why the battle should not be decided in our favor. From this time until the retreat I was with you; and I had occasion to observe your management of the battle. Here, certainly, was no cause for the unjust criticisms which have been passed upon you. You were cool and energetic, and certainly did all that lay in your power to make the engagement successful; and when defeat was evident you did all that could be done to prevent the disaster which followed. 1 am confi- dent that, owing to the force and vigor of the enemys pursuit, it was impossible to save the train, or the artillery which was behind it, on the retreat; and that any decided stand made with the intention of rescu- ing the infantry, which was last engaged, would have resulted in the capture of your entire force. The only plan by which any of the infantry could be saved was the one which they instinctively adopted, that of taking to the woods and finding their own way to our lines. Had you taken the grave responsibility of hurrying back the expedition at Rip- ley, you would have avoided the disaster of the battle. Whether or not you ought to have done so I cannot decide, not knowing what your information was; but I am sure that if you had the unfavorable com- mnents of the discontented would have been tenfold more loud and amazing than they now are. The rude character of the country through which we were moving rendered all tactical precautions (except a sim- l)le advance guard) impossible; while it was so utterly barren that an immediate advance or retreat was necessary to procure forage for teams amid cavalry horses. Not turning back you had but one course to pur- sue: To find the enemy where you could and to fight him on his o~vn ground and on his own terms. This you did as well as you could, and I am ready to testify, with a full knowledge of the circumstances of the battle and the retreat, that you acquitted yourself nobly and well~ that you merit the commendation of all who have a right to express an opin- ion in the matter, as you have already received that of your comrades, who saw you under the trying circumstances of action and defeat. I wish that any words of mine could arrest tIme slander that you were under the influence of liquor during the fight; but such calumnies travel too fast for homiest refutatiomi to overtake them; and on this score I can only offer you the modified comisolation of saying that I and my staff, who saw much of you before, during, and after time battle, are ready to brand that falsehood as it deserves whenever it may appear before us. Be good enough, general, to accept the assurances of my personal regard, and command my assistance whenever it can be of service to you. Very respectfully and truly, yours. GEG. E. WARING, Jn., ~Jolonet Fomtrth Missouri (Ia u~alry, (Jomnaumding Page 100 100 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LL HDQRS. F11~T BRIG., FIRST Div., 16TH ARMY CORPs, Moscow, Teun., June 24, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. D. STURGIS, U. S. Volunteers: GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your com- munication of the 22d instant, requesting me to give you a statement in writing, setting forth my views of the causes of our defeat at Brices Cross-Roads; my knowledge of your general management of the cam- paign; and whether or not, in my opinion, you were to blame for the failure of the expedition; and if so, to what extent. I respectfully submit the following statement: First, as to the causes of the defeat: In my opinion they are to be sought in the nature of the expedition you were charged with conducting. The expedition consisted of 5,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry, with a train of more than 200 wagons, making some 4,600 animals to be subsisted. Rations for the men were transported in the wagons, but after leaving La Fayette you were entirely dependent upon the country for forage. The line of march was through a country devastated by the war, and containing little or no forage, rendering it extremely difficult, and for the greater portion of the time impossible, to maintain the animals in a serviceable condition. The roads were narrow, leading through dense forests, and over streams rendered almost impassable by the heavy rains which fell daily from the tune we left Memphis until our return. The ~ountry was new to you, and I know the difficulty you constantly encountered in obtaining information concerning roads and crossings of streams. Almost every man and woman along the line of march is an enemy, eager to communicate information of our force and move- ments, but professing entire ignorance as to the position or number of the enemy. Laboring under all these disadvantages, you moved against an enemy who possessed long lines of railroad with which to concentrate troops and supplies at any point you might threaten. He only had to await your arrival near the railroad, and with a superior force over- power your army and drive it back with heavy loss in umen and material. Either you were obliged to abandon the object of the expedition before reaching the immediate presence of the enemy, or overpower him with that portion of your army which could be spared from guard- ing the long line of wagons. The latter you attempted but failed in, from the simple fact that time, enemy developed a heavier force than you could bring into action. The engagement itself was, so far as I know managed as well as circumstances would permit, was fought with spirit even desperation, and with no loss of consequence, in material or men (except the killed and wounded). You were, however, defeated an(l obliged to retreat over an impassable road during a dark night, and with exhausted animals amid men. Under these circumstaiices teams and artillery were abandoned, in order to save a heavier loss in men. Second, as to your mammagement of time c-ampaign: I have never known greater efforts to be made by any commanding offic~r to conduct a col- umn of troops in an orderly and compact manner than were mjuade by you. I know that you were extremely anxious that the troops should be kept well in hand, ready for any enmergency, aimd that every precau- tion was taken to prevent surprise. I also know that every means was taken by you to obtaiu information as to the movements of the emmemy and his strength; amid that your efforts in this line were extremely un- satisfactory. On time day of the battle the column was as well closed up as the nature of time road over which we wer~mnoving would permit, and the troops were put into position as fast as they & ould come up Page 101 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. lot Before closing , general, I desire to bear testimony to the important fact that when we reached Ripley, ypur judgment, and the judgment of officers high in command, would have turned you back, had it not been that your orders to proceed were positive; and for the reason that only a short time before yon had conducted another expedition to near the same point, and had returned, because you considered farther prog ress extremely hazardous, if not impracticable. In the face of this decision you were sent through the same country, encumbered with a heavy train, without, so far as J know, discretionary powers; and you went on to meet the disaster your better judgment told ybu was imumi- nent should we encounter an enemy in force beyond Ripley. As to the slanderous charges with which the country is being flooded concerning you personally, they are simply false, and beneath your notice or mine. W. L. MUMILLEN, Colonel Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry, Commanding. MEMPHIS, TENN., June 26, 1864. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN: GENERAL: I send my aide, Capt. W. C. iRawolle, to visit you in person, in order that you may receive a true version of the circumstances which led to the failure of my expedition. I regret that I have not yet been able to complete my official report and furnish you with a copy. I am exceedingly anxious that you receive the newspaper slanders for what they are worth, and make up your mind as to my part of this unfortu- nate afrair only after hearing the truth. On returning to Memphis I asked General Washburn ~to relieve me from active duty for the present. He did so, and directed me to report by telegraph to the Secretary of War. This I did, but have received no reply. I also made application for a court to investigate the causes of our defeat. A court or commnis- sion has been ordered, but not at my request, and nearly all the com- manders of divisions and brigades (whom I asked might be summoned) have again taken the field. The comnumission, I learn, will meet to- morrow, and I am retained as a witness. In short, there is no doubt but this is a simple inquisition, and I do hope you will dissolve it and order a commission of intelligent officers who will give me a hearing. I inclose copies of communications received from Colonel McMillen,* who commanded the infantry, and Colonel Waring,t who commanded a brigade of cavalry. I have others and will receive still others from nearly all commanders, as they have called upon me to tender their tes- tiruony in regard to my conduct of the campaign. If you order a court I hope it will be at some other point than this, say Cincimin ati or Louis- ville, or anywhere except here. I am, general, very respectfully, S. P. STURGIS, Brigadier- General. COVINGTON, Ky., January 12, 1864 [1865]. Col. E. P. TOWNSEND, U. S. Army, Assistant Adjutant- General: COLONEL: Inclosed you will please find a communication which (though addressed to yourself) I will thank you to lay before the how *See June 24, p. 100. tSee June 23, p. 98 Page 102 102 ICY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. orable Secretary of War, with such favorable indorsement as you may think the case demands. I would also ask for authority, ill any case, to visit Memphis for the purpose of J)roduring such papers as may be necessary for my defense at this or at any future time. I am, colonel, very respectfully, & c., S. D. STURGIS, Brigadier- General. [Indorsements.] JANUARY 18, 1865. Respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War. A court of inquiry could not be assembled at the present time, with the necessary witnesses now scattered on distant expeditions, without manifest injury to the service. H. W. HALLECK, Major- General, Chief of Staff. WAR DEPARTMENT, January 19, 1865. File. A. G. 0. By order: JAS. A. HARDJE, Colonel, Inspector- General. [Inclosure.] COYJNGTON, Ky., January 12, 1865. ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: As a great many malicious misrepresentations have been spread before the country in regard to my conduct of the campaign into Korth- east Mississippi last summer, by which I have beemi placed in a false and injurious light before the people and the Govermuent, I would re- spectfully ask that an opportunity be afforded me o2 defending niyselt before a court of inquiry composed of intelligent officers of experience. In case it shonid be deemed impracticable to order such a court at this time, I wonid respectfully ask that I be ordered to report in person to the honorable Secretary of War in order that I may be enabled to place myself right, at least, before the Government. I have thus far and for a long time borne quietly, and with as much patience as I could command, the thousand calumnies which have been heaped upon my head, and which (unintentionally, I am sure) have received more or less confirmation by the course which the War Department has been pleased to adopt in regard to me, but I have never abandoned the hope that a just Government, and one to whose interests I have devoted over twenty-two of the best years of my life, would, sooner or later, afford me that hearing which is dne to my long and faithful servicedue to those friends who have stood by me through evil as well as through good reportdue to the truth of history, and due in an emninent degree to abstract justice itself. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. D. STURGIS, Brigadier~ General, U. S. Volunteers Page 103 (ThAP U.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 103 No. 3. Report of Got. William L. ]I/feMiillen, Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry, corn mandiHg J9nfantry Division. MEMPHJ~, TENN., June 22, 18G4. CAPTAIN: In obedience to orders, I moved with my command (the First Brigade, First l)ivision, Sixteenth Army Corps) on the morning of the 1st instant to the depot of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, where the Ninth Minnesota Infantry, which had been temporarily as- signed, joined the brigade. The troops were embarked on the cars, the artillery and train going by road, the former reaching a point near La Fayette, when we camped for the night. On the morning of the 2d instant, by order of Brigadier-General Sturgis, I was placed in command of all the infantry connected with the expedition, which was organized as follows: First Brigade, Col. Alexander Wilkin Ninth Minnesota Infantry, commandingSeventy- second Ohio Infantry Veteran Volunteers, Lient. Col. Charles 0-. Eaton commanding; Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry Volunteers, Lieut. Gol. Jefferson Bruinback commanding; One hundred and fourteenth Illi- nois Infantry Volunteers, Lient. Col. John F. King commanding; Ninety-third Indiana Infantry Volnnteers, Col. De Witt C. Thomas commanding; Ninth Minnesota Infantry Volunteers, Lieut. Col. J. F. Marsh commanding; Company E, First Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. John A. Fitch commanding; section Sixth Indiana Battery, Capt. M. Mueller commanding. Second Brigade, Col. George B. loge, One hun- dred and thirteenth Illinois Infantry, commandingEighty-first illinois Infantry Volunteers; Ninety-fifth Illinois Infantry Volunteers; One hundred and eighth Illinois Infantry Yolnnteers; One hundred and thirteenth Illinois Infantry Volunteers; One hundred and twentieth Illinois Infantry Volunteers; Company B, Second Illinois Light Artil- lery, Capt. F. H. Chapman commanding. Third Brigade, Col. Edward Bouton, Fifty-ninth U. S. Infantry (colored), commandingFifty-fifth U. S. Infantry (colored), Maj. E. M. Lowe conmmnanding; Fifty-ninth U, S. Infantry (colored), Lieut. Col. Robert Cowden commanding; Battery F, Second U. S. Artillery (colored), Capt. C. A. Lamberg com- manding. During the organization of the infantry division, the large supply and ammunition train was brought up by the cavalry and turned over to me for safe conduct. The cavalry moved on the same day in the direction of Lamar, and the next morning at 3.30 oclock the infantry was in motion in the same direction. From this time until the morning of the 10th instant nothing of importance occurred beyond the diffi- culties constantly encountered in conseqnence of heavy rains daily, causing the streanms to be much swollen and the roads ahuost impass- able, together with the embarrassment we labored under in procuring forage, our line of march being through a country destitute of supplies. Our progress was necessarily slow and laborious, giving tIme enemy ample opportunity to ascertain our force and make arrangements to meet us with superior numbers. On the evening of the 9th we reached a point on the Ripley and Ful- ton road, fifteen or sixteen miles from the former place, where we camped for the night, marching on the mnorning of the 10th in the direction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, expectiimg to strike it at or in the vicinity of Guntown. I had proceeded some five miles with the Imead of the column, and halted to pernmit the wagon train to cross the Hatcliie River and close up. The road through the bottom lamid of this strea Page 104 104 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. tCHAP. LI. was almost impassable, and we found it impossible to put it in good condition. Whilst waiting at the head of my column to hear from the rear, I was informed by General Sturgis that General Grierson, com- manding Cavalry Division, had struck the enemy beyond Brices Cross- Roads, some five miles in advance, and was ordered to move my leading brigade up as rapidly as possible to the support of the cavalry, leaving the other two brigades to come up with the train. I accordingly or- dered Colonel loge, commanding Second Brigade, in advance that day, to move up in quick time without any reference to the column in his rear, and sent my quartermaster to close up the train and have it, with the bri- gades of Colonels Wilkin and Bouton, move up as rapidly as possible. I accompanied the advance brigade, and, en route to the field, received re- peated and urgent orders to move up as rapidly as possible, as the enemy ~was developing a large force and driving our cavalry back. Colonel loges advance regiment, the One hundred and thirteenth Illinois Infantry, reached the cross-roads between 1 and 2 p. in., and went into action at once on the right of the Baldwyn road, relieving Colonel Warings bri- gade of cavalry, which had been forced back to within a short distance of Brices house. As fast as Colonel loges regiments came up, they were deployed on the right of the Baldwyn road, extending the line in a semi-circular form in the direction of the Guntown road, relievin gthe cavalry as they took position. As soon as the regiments took their po- sition in line, skirmishers were thrown forward, and the men told that the enemy was in their immediate presence in force, and that they must be prepared to meet a heavy attack soon. The skirmish line was estab- lished along the whole front by Captain Fernald, Seventy-second Ohio Infantry, acting aide-de-camnp, under a constant fire from the enemy. Chapman was ordered in battery in the open ground about Brices house, and directed to open upon the enemy over the heads of our men. Soon after loges brigade was placed in positiomi, the First Brigade, Colonel Wilkin, came up, the Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry in advance. This regiment was immediately placed in line on the left of the Bald- wyn road, with instructions to assist the regiments of loges left in holding that road, and to govern itself by the movenments of his bri- gade. The One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry coining next, was placed on the right of loges brigade, comupleting the line to the Guntown road, and relieving the cavalry to that point. The Ninety- third Indiana Infantry, Colonel Thomas, was placed on the right of the Guntown road, over which it was very evident the enemy was themi ad- vancing to attack. The Seventy-second Ohio Infantry and Muellers sec- tion of the Sixth Indiamma Battery were posted on an eminence in the rear of Brices house, to keep the enemy from getting possessiomi of a bridge a short distance back, and cuttiimg us oiL Battery E, First Illi- nois Light Artillery, Captain Fitch, and the Ninth Minnesota Infantry, Lientemmant-Colonel Marsh commanding, were held in reserve near the cross-roads. Colonel Boutons brigade of colored troops had charge of the train on that day, and had not yet come up. The arrangements muentioned above had not yet been fully completed before the enemny made a furious attack along the whole line and on each flank, developing the fact that his force was far superior to that portion of ours then engaged. My extreme right, after a sharp and bloody contest, was forced back, and I was obliged to throw in the only regiment I had in reserve to drive the enemy back and re-establish my line at that point. This work was gallantly performed by the Ninth Minnesota, under the heroic Marsh, and I desire here to express to himn and his brave men mny thanks for thejr firmness and bravery, which alone saved the army at that critical moment from utter (lefeat an Page 105 CHAP. ELI EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 105 probable capture. As the enemy on onr right was being driven back by the Ninth Minnesota and Ninety-third Indiana, I directed Captain Fitch to put one section of his battery in position on the Guntown road and sweep it with grape and canister. Soon after our success on theright, the regiments on the left and left center gave back in considerable con- fusion, the rebels following them in force np to the road over which we had advanced, and from which they were kept by the Seventy-second Ohio and Muellers battery posted in our rear. I endeavored, aided by my staff, to rally the different regiments and get them to advance to their original position, but failed, succeeding, however, in fonning a line along the Baidwyn road and at right angles with it, parallel to the Fulton road, in which position I fought until again flanked on the left and greatly exposed to a capture of the troops engaged. At this time I sent word to General Sturgis that I was hard pressed and that unless relieved soon, I would be obliged to abandon my position. I was in- formed that he had nothing to send me, and that I ninst use my discre- tion as to holding my position. It had been evident for some time that the troops could not remain in that position long, as the enemy were fast closing around us. I, therefore, determined to retire, an din order to do so directed Captains Fitch and Chapman to open a rapid fire with grape and canister along the roads and throngh woods in our immediate front, and to maintain it until the infantry were well under way, and that I would form another line a short distance in the rear to keep the enemy from the cross-roads until they could get their pieces away. This new line was a prolongation of that occupied by the Seventy- second Ohio Infantry, and was formed by that regiment, the Ninety- fifth Ohio Infantry, and about 200 dismounted men of the Tenth Missouri Cavalry, under Captain Curry, who reported to mne for orders ~n the field, and rendered valuable and gallant service in assisting to hold the enemy in check until the retreating column had passed. The mnain portion of the First and Second Brigades, which had been hotly engaged with the enemy for nearly three hours, now retired under cover of this new line and~ continued to march by the flamik to the rear. Just after crossing a small stream about a quarter of a mile imi the rear of the cross-roads I mnet the Fifty-fifth U. S. Infantry (colored), Maj. E. M. Lowe comnmandin g. I posted his regiment on the left of the road, wfrh instructions to hold his position until the troops then en- gaged should retire, when he could bring up the rear. A short dis- tance farther to the rear I met Colonel Bouton with the Fifty-ninth U. S. Infantry (colored) and Lamnbergs section of artillery, in a good po- sition on the right of the road. I remnained with him until the other regiments of his brigade, which had been posted near the creek referred to above, fell back, and ordered it into line on his left, direct ing Colonel Bouton to hold the enemy in check as long as possible in order to give the retiring column time to take up a new position in the rear, which was done on a ridge near a white house about one and a half or two miles from the battle-field. This line was formed by portions of the First and Second Brigades, the whole under commamid of Colonel Wil- kin, and Colonel Bouton was informed by Lieutenant Barber, of my staff; that he could fall back and take up a new position in the rear of this line, my object being to retire by successive lines. In the mean time the wagon train and artillery were moving to the rear as fast as possible. When Colonel Bouton fell back the enemy followed him up in heavy force, and the line established at the white house soon fell back to another position in the rear, when a stand was made and the enemy repulsed. In this affair the Ninth Minnesota again took a con Page 106 103 RY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. tI. spicuons part, and the colored regiment fought with a gallantry which commended them to the favor of their comrades in arms. I desire to bear testimony to their bravery and endurance, as well as the gallantry of Colonel Cowden and Major Lowe, commanding regiments. This checked the pursuit and ended the fighting for that evening. Time whole column was then l)ut in motion for Ripley. Upon reaching the crossing of the Hatchie the wagon train was found stuck and the road completely blockaded, so that the artillery had to be abandoned after long, continued, and laborious effort on the part of battery commanders and the men generally to get it through. I arrived at Ripley, in company with the general commanding, about 5 a. m. on the morning of the 11th instant. I at once commenced the reorganization of my division. At 7.30 a. m. I reported my command reorganized and in tolerably good shape, with the exception that mammy of the men had thrown away their arms during the retreat, and that those who had arms were short of amumnunition. I was directed by Gen- eral Sturgis to move out on the Salem road in rear of the First Brigade of cavalry, then in advance. Before the troops all left the town of Rip- ley the enemy made a furious attack upon the place, gaining possession of the road on which we were marching and cutting mny comnmuand in two. In this attack the colored regiments and a part of loges brigade were engaged, and, until overpowered by superior numbers, fought bravely. That portion of the cobmmun cut off moved out on a road leading north from Ripley, and under the brave an(l successful leader- ship of Colonel Wilkin succeeded in reaching Memphis. The enemy followed and fought our retreating column to the vicinity of Collierville, which place we reached on the morning of the 12th instant, having mnarched some ninety miles without rest. As nearly as I can ascertain at the date of this report, the following table will exhibit the casualties of the Infantry Division: Killed. wounded M and missing. issing. Aggre,ate. Command. a a~ . o n a a a a 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 First Brigade I 2 38 10 14-5 25 811 37 994 Second Brigade 5 34 18 407 33 441 Third Brigade 1 109 3 131 8 160 12 400 Total 8~181 13~ 276~ 51 1,178 82 1, 835 In conclusion I beg to bear testimony to the courage, fidelity, and efficiency of my staff during the battle of 10th. As has always been the case they performed their whole duty. My orderlies, Francis De Freitas, of the One hundred and fourteenth [Illimmois], and Nathan Cochran, of the Seventy-second [Ohio], deserve especial mentiomi for their conspicuous gallantry and intelligent performance of every trust. I have the honor to forward herewith official reports of commanding officers of brigades, to which you are respectfully referred for a more particular notice of those officers worthy of mention. I have the honQr to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. L. MeMILLEN, Gol~nei Ninety-fifth Ohio Infautry, Oorndg. Thrision. Capt. W. C. RAWOLLE, Aide-de-Camp, U. S. Army, and Actg. Asst. Adjt. (len Page 107 (ThAP. LII EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 107 No. 4. Report of Cot. Alexander Wilkin, Ninth ]IJiinnesota Infantry, command- ing First Brigade. SIR: I have the honor to report, for the information of the colonel commanding, the part taken by the First Brigade, Infantry Division, commanded by myself in the recent engagement at Brices Cross-Roads, near Guntown, Miss., on the 10th instant: My brigade on that day marched in the rear of the Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel loge, the Third (colored) Brigade, commanded by Colonel Bouton, being in the rear of the First. About 11 oclock on the morning of the 10th firing was heard in front, and I was shortly after informed that our cavalry had engaged that of the enemy and been driven back from Brices Cross-Roads about six miles in advance. Soon after the Second Brigade was ordered to advance at double-quick, and I received orders to march my command as rapidly as I could do without leaving the sapply train. Soon after, hearing that the Second Brigade was being severely pressed, I sent for permission to advance more rapidly, leaving the train to be protected by the Third Brigade. Permission having been obtained I moved on the double-quick for about one mile, and reached Brices house about 1.30 oclock, when the brigade was halted. Colonel MeMillen then led the Ninety-fifth Ohio, Lienten- ant-Colonel Brumnback commanding, down the road leading past Brices house, toward B aldwyn, and posted it on the left of the road and on the left of the [One hundred and thirteenth ~] Illinois, about one-quarter of a mile beyond Brices house. I then returned with him to the brigade, and was directed to repair, with the Seventy-second Ohio and the sec- tion of Captain Muellers Sixth Indiana Battery, to the knoll, on which stood a log-house, about 800 yards in rear of Brices house and on the right as you go to Ripley. After the guns had been placed in position and Captain s company of the Seventy-second Ohio had been thrown forward toward the woods in front, the balance of the regiment having formed in line on its left for support, understanding that the enemy were endeavoring to get around our left in order to reach the train on the Ripley road, I directed Captain Mueller to throw a few shells into the timber, which was done with great precision and eft~ct, and which evidently checked their progress. Soon after I was joined by about seventy-five dismounted cavalry, under command of an officer whose name I have not been able to learn, who formed line and kept up a spirited fire upon the enemy advancing from the direction of the cross- roads. Shortly after this a small body of the enemy, evidently skir- mishers, were seen crossing the open field in our rear and toward the Ripley road. Lieutenant-Colonel Eaton, commanding the Seventy- second Ohio, in connection with the dismom~ted cavalry, opened fire upon them and drove them back in confusion to the woods. About this time I was directed by a staff officer of the colonel com- manding to advance with the Seventy-second Ohio across the open fields in our front and to the right of the road, and take a position in the edge of the woods. After proceeding a short distance, orders were given to return to the first position, which was done. Upon my return I found Captain Mueller had left with his guns, as I presume with orders given during my absence, his support having been removed. About this time Captain [Ewing] of the [Fifty-fifth IT. S. Colored] Regiment, AfrP can descent, reported to inc with his company, and although wounded in the leg and. the only officer with the company, expressed his read Page 108 108 ix~., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. ness to be of service. I directed huin to send a f~w skirmishers in front of the log-house into the ravine, and to form the remainder of his com- mand behind the fences and log buildings near by, which was done. Soon after the enemys shell and canister were falling thick and fast around us. The remainder of our forces had passed us and we~were left alone. Turning, I observed my command moving by the flank to the rear across the creek and bottom, having, as I understood, been or- dered to fall back in order to form a new line. Having proceeded about half a mile, Brigadier-General Grierson rode up and directed Lieutenant- Colonel Eaton to form his regiment behind the fences on the right of the road, in rear of open fields, and resist the advance of the enemy as long as practicable. I then rode on to overtake the balance of time brmgade. At the white house, a bout a mile in the rear and in the road, I found the Ninety-fifth Ohio, Ninety-third Indiamia, One hundred and fourteenth Illinois, and Ninth Minnesota. I was then directed by the colonel commanding division to form my brigade in line on the right of the road (as you go toward Ripley), and to contest the ground if possi- ble until night set in. I was informed that the Second Brigade, Col- onel loge commanding, and the Third (colored) Brigade, Colonel Bon- ton commanding, were on our right, and that Colonel McMillen had himself placed the Ninety-third Indiana and Ninety-fifth Ohio on the left of the Second Brigade. I was instructed that when, they should be obliged to retire through my line my command should remain, the brigades relieving each other as they retired. I formed the Ninth Mimi- nesota and One hundred and fourteenth Illinois respectiveJy on the right of the road, as you go towarj Ripley, and sent out skirmishers, who soon found the enenmy in front. Lieutenant-Colonel King having in- formed me that his ammunition was almost exhausted, I directed Lieu- tenant Couse, Ninth Minnesota Volunteers, acting assistant adjutant- gemmeral, to proceed to the rear to procure a supply, but finding no means of transportation he brought back one box on his horse. The fighting at this time was severe, continuing for over half an hour and until sundown, with considerable loss, when, being informed that we had no support on right or left, and that the enemy were about to move around our flank, I ordered the comuniand to fall back, which they did in good order, frequently facing to the rear and firing upon the enemy. We shortly after received an enfilading fire as we moved down the road, when I placed the command among the trees on one side. We soon arrived at the slope where part of the train had been abandoned and a portion being burned. Shortly after passing the creek I observed the skir- mishers of the Third Brigade in the open fields on our left. Perceiving an officer with them, I directed him to have the men form on the right of the Ninth Minnesota in a thicket in front of which were large open fields, over which the enemy must pass. He informed me that he was not in command, but pointed out to mne Lieutenant-Colonel Cowden, who was severely wounded. The Ninth Minnesota formed, the One hundred and fourteenth Ilhimmois being on the right, as I am informed by Lieutenant-Colonel King. The enemy soon appeared in large numbers but not in line, when a heavy fire was opened upon them from the thicket, which was kept up for about twenty minutes, amid large num- bers fell. They retired in confusion. This was between sundowmm and dark, and the enemy did not again appear iii force. About 8 oclock in the evening I halted the command in order to give theni rest. At this point an officer in command of a squadron of cavalry reported to me that the camp-fires in front were built by him under orders from the general commamding, in order to deceive the enemny, and that he wa Page 109 CHAP. LI.) EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 109 directed to remain until we had passed, and then proceed to the front. I then moved forward the command until I joined the colored brigade. The progress was slow, and I was informed that we were delayed by the train which was slowly passing the bottom land and creek some dis- tance ahead. About midnight I was informed that the portion of the train in front had been abandoned, its farther progress being impossi- ble. Finding this to be the case, I directed the animals remaining with the rear of the train to be taken out and the wagons abandoned. The train was not burned, as I thought it probable that ~ur line of battle had been reformed beyond, and that it might yet be ~aved. Moreover, I feared the conflagration might lead the enemy to believe that we were in fall retreat and lead to their imniediate advance in force. About daylight the Fourth Iowa Cavalry passed us going to the front. Shortly after our rear was fired upon by small parties of guer- rillas. At the Llewellen Church we found Colonel Winslows brigade of cavalry formed in echelon by squadrons, who were skirmishing sharply with the enemy on the opposite side of the stream. Arriving at Ripley at 7.30 a~. in., I waited for orders, but receiving none, and perceiving other troops continue to pass on the road to the front, the cavalry remaining to protect our rear, I again took up the line of march. Hear- ing at. the cross-roads, where I halted for an hour, that the enemy in force were falling upon a large detachment of our rear on the Salem road, and that a large cavalry force was about three miles in our rear, and being almost out of ammunition. I concluded to follow the Sauls- bury road, and toward evening was joined by Captain Foster, Fifty- ninth Regiment, African descent, with about 600 of his own and the Fifty-fifth Regiment, African descent, he having crossed over from the Salem road, which he considered unsafe. That night we bivouacked near Brooks, about five miles from Saulsbury. The next morning at daylight we resumed the march, and after proceed- ing about three miles turned to the left, taking a settlement road leading to Davis Mills. Upon arriving at Davis I found the bridge partially destroyed, and upon halting to repair it we were fired upon by a con- siderable number of the enemy, who were soon driven back, after woundimig two of our men on the hill and one of the flankers of the One hundred and fourteenth Illinois, and hitting the horse of Lieutenant- Colonel King while passing the swamp beyond the bridge. Soon after we were again attacked in front, but owing to the vigilance of the half- breed scouts of Company H, Ninth Minnesota, and the handsome con- duct of the advanced guard of the Ninety-fifth Ohio, under command of Captain ,they were unable to do much execution. At one time onr rear was charged upon by about 150 of ~ cavalry, but they were repulsed by the negro troops and a few of the half-breeds. Our rear was, however, occasionally fired upon until long after dark, but the imperturbable coolness amid steadiness of the colored tro6ps, umider command of Captain Foster, kept them in check and prevented confusion. At 12 oclock on the night of the 12th the command bivouacked four miles east of Collierville, which place was reached about 9 a. m. next day. We found here neither cars, rations, nor re-enforcements. The command rested until noon. In the mean time Lieutenant ilosmer, of the Omme hundred and thirteenth Illinois, brigade inspector, volun- teered to proceed to some point on the railroad from which information could be communicated of our approach. He was joined by Captain of the One hundred aid eighth Illinois, Sergeant , and two privates. Within threc miles of (2ollieryill~ they were ~tt~veLed b Page 110 110 KY., SW. YA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. a party numbering about fifteen, who ordered them to halt. Their horses, aiready jaded, were put to their speed. Although fr~queut1y fired upon and closely followed, no one of the l)arty was killed or wounded. I regret to say, however, that the gallant captain and the sergeant were captured. The lieutenant and the two privates arrived in safety at Whites Station at 10 a. in. As the command approached the vicinity where the party referred to was attacked, the column was halted and the scouts sent in advance, who soon discovered a party of the enemy. Skirmishing continued until the whistle of the train which brought re-enforcements was heard. ilaid bread was here issued to the men, while the iiifantry re-enforceinents, and the cavalry command under Major Malone, formed line of battle in front of the train in time to meet the attack of a regiment of the enemys cavalry. The coin- mand, numbering about 1,600 of the different brigades, arrived in Memphis on the same evening, 13th instant, in a pitiable condition. Nearly all were barefooted, their feet badly blistered and swollen, and in some cases poisoned. Most of them had eaten nothing for three days and all had suffered for want of food. Colonel Thomas, commanding the Ninety-third Indiana; Lieutenant- Colonel King, conimanding One hundred and fourteenth Illinois; Lieu- tenant-Colonel Bruinback, commanding Ninety-fifth Ohio; Lieu~naiit- Colonel Eaton, commanding Seventy-second Ohio; Lieutenant-Colonel Marsh, commanding Ninth Minnesota; C Fitch, commanding Light Battery E, [First lhlinois,] and Captain Mueller, commanding section of Sixth Indiana Battery, deserve special mention for the ju- dicious and gallant manner in which they handled their respective com- mands. I am much indebted to Lieutenant-Colonels King, Brumback, and Eaton, and Lieutenant-Colonel Floyd, of the One hundred and twentieth Illinois, and other officers, for information in regard to the roads over which we passed in the retreat. I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of each member of my staff. The duties imposed upon them were onerous in the extreme, owing to their limited number. Lieutenant Couse, adjutant of the Ninth Min- nesota, acting assistant adjutant-general, although under fire for the first time, conducted himself with all the coolness of a veteran. Lieu- tenant ilosmer, One hundred and thirteenth Illinois, inspector of the brigade, rendered me great service as an aide. His gallant conduct deserves great praise. I am also greatly indebted to Lieutenant Bailey, of the Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, who volunteered his services as an aide early in time action, and remained with me, rendering valu- able service, until obliged to rejoin his regiment. Acting Brigade Sur7 geon IR. H. Bingham, and acting brigade quartermaster, Lieutenant Mourer, of One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry, performed with credit their respective duties. I transmit herewith the reports of the regimental and battery com- manders, with the list of casualties accompanying the same. 1 would here remark that I had no opportunity of seeing the Ninety-fifth Ohio while engaged with the enemy. Its severe loss attests its gallant con- duct and great exposure. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, ALEX. WILKIN, Colonel Ninth Minnesota Infty. Vols., late Comdg. First Brig., & e. Lient. 0. II. ABEL, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Infantry Division, U. ~. Forces, dee Page 111 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 111 No. 5. Report of Got. Do Witt C. Thomas, Ninetll-third.Indictna Infantry. HEADQUARTERS NINETY-THIRD INDIANA INFANTRY, June 16, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by my regiment at the battle of Brices Cross Roads: On the morning of the 1st of Julie I left Memphis with the brigade, composed of the Seventy-second Ohio, Ninety-fifth Ohio, One hundred and fourteenth Illinois, Ninety-third Indiana (my regiment), and at the depot we were joined by the Ninth Minnesota, who were temporarily attached to the brigade. There was nothing worthy of note occurred except the incessant rain and the almost utter impossibility of moving through the road, until the 10th of the month. About 11 oclock word came to me that it was neces- sary for me to move lip at quick time; that the cavalry had been en- gaged and the enemy had turned their left flank. This was about three miles from the field of battle. As soon as I received the word I ordered my men to close up and prepare their guns for action, supposing, of course, the cavalry had met a superior force and had been driven back; and I also heard that the One hundred and thirteenth Illinois had been moved forward on the double-quick, taking position which checked the enemy somewhat. When I got within one mile and a half of the battle- ground I found the cavalry in considerable confusion at a bridge, trying to reorganize. Passing Oli to the battle-field, I found Colonel MeMillen taking charge of the infantry as it came in, and placing it in position. He told me to take the position on the right of the road leading to Guntown, which I did, he staying until I was in position. He also told inc to hold the position at all hazards, which I attempted to do. When in position I threw out Company E as skirmishers in front of the line. In a few minutes we received a fire, and upon looking up I saw men ad- vancing upon my line,dressed in our uniform and carrying the Union flag, but firing upon us as they advanced. Some of my men, upomi re- ceiving the fire, commenced firing liI)Ofl them. Myself and Lieutenant- Colonel Poole, stopped thefiring, supposing, of course, itwas our own men, when they (the rebels) poured into my ranks a murderous fire, thinning my ranks at a fearful rate. I then gave the command to my men to fire. Then commenced one of the hardest contested battles I have ever witnessed; the enemy flanking me every few moments and my men changing their front, contesting for every foot of ground. At this time I threw Companies A and F to the right as skirmnishers ~to protect my flank, and also threw back the right wing to change my front; Companies A and F fell back to the line, losing fearfully. Here Lieutenant-Colonel Poole Adjutant Moody, and Lieutenant Reeves * fell mortally wounded and have since died; Lieutenant Mooney and Captain Courvoisier were also badly wounded. After my line was formed I pressed forward again liI)Oli the enemy, drove themn somne considerable distance, and was agaimi outflanked and had to again give back, which 1 did by retreating and firing, changing my front as often as it was necessary to prevent my men from being surrounded. I kept retreating and fighting until I got back to the frame house in the forks of the road. Finding the enemy were following us up very close, and the battery being iu danger, I mnoved my men for- ward again, and with the assistance of the Ninth Minnesota Regimnent was enabled to gaimi the ground first occupied by mne in the beginning ~urvivc2L hi~ wowuds Page 112 112 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. of the engagement, and the enemy giving way, left us in comparative quiet for a short time. Getting an order to move back to the left rear, I started with my men by the right flank and niet Captain Fernald, who said I was ordered to follow him, which I did. We moved by the rear of the batteries to the left, and I think in the rear of the Third Brigade, on a ridge running parallel with the line of the Third Brigade. We had not been here but a short time until we were again flanked and ordered to fall back in the rear of a fence a little under the crest of the hill. At this point we received a very heavy fire from the enemy, which we returned, killing and wounding a great many of the enemy. In this line I found a detachment of the Tenth Missouri Cavalry on my right and the Ninety-fifth Ohio on my left. Finding the enemy were coming in on our flank and rear, we were ordered by Adjutant Abel, of Coloimel MeMillens staff; to fall back. We moved back in good order until we arrived at the large white house on the hill. Here I found Colonel Wilkin and the rest of the brigade, forming a line of battle on the left of the road facing the first battle-ground. Colonel McMiIlen rode by and requested me to ride with him a short distance. I left the command of the regiment to Captain Swift, and when I returned to where I had left him he had moved off to the right, and left some ten or twenty men whom I got together, and with some of them I burned a portion of the wagon train. I then moved forward and in a short time I caught up with the regiment, which, I think, was composed of about 190 men. About this time the retreat had commenced in good earnest, the wagon train, artillery, aild cavalry blocking up the road so effectually it was impossible to get infantry along it. I gave the com- mand of the regiment to Captain Swift and went forward on the road. I arrived at Ripley about 6 oclock on the morning of the 11th, where I found the regiment. At 7 oclock orders caine for us to take up line of march for Salem. When I got my reginmei~t in line I was informed tlmat you had not arrived, and we were fearful that you had been captured. I was ordered to take commamid of the brigade, ~vhich I proceeded to do to the best of my ability. The cavalry were moving at a very rapid pace, and my orders were to keep my comumand well closed up upon the cavalry. In moving out of Ripley our rear guard of cavalry was driven in, and the enemy came dashing up to within 150 yards of my line and commenced pouring into it a very severe fire, but we kept moving off rapidly to give way for the Second and Third Brigades, which were in the rear. At this place the Second and Third Brigades were cut off; which left the First Brigade in the rear. After marching at an unusual.pace for infantry, to keel) closed up upon the cavalry for some six or seven miles, we camne to a very bad slough for cavalry or infantry to cross. The Seventy- second Ohio being across, the Fourth Missouri, being the rear guard and beimig hard pressed, came dashing thtough my rear regimnents of inthntry, which let the rebels imito them. They, being out of amumummition, were compelled to break to the brush. But very few of them were captured, but made their way to Colhierville, but were compelled to throw away their guns aimd accouterments, after destroying them so they would not be any benefit to the enemy. When the Fourth Missouri broke they caine running through umy ranks, crying the enemy is coming, which caused considerable confusion. I sent forivarci to time colomiel of the Third Iowa (Colonel Noble), and told him our condition. He immediately threw out two comupanies of his regiment, which checked the rebel advance. In a few moments after; Lieutenant-Colonel Eaton, of the Seventy-second Ohio, caine to me and told inc that the most of his regiment was captured, which left m Page 113 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPL 113 withont a command, except a few stragglers whom I told to make the best of their way to the railroad and follow that down to La Fayette. After this there was nothing of importance occnrred nntil onr arrival at Collierville, where we were relieved by re-enforcements. The enemy followed ns nntil 4 oclock Snnday morning, firing into ns at every op- portnnity. I have in camp abont the nnmber of men that I bronght off the bat- tle-field proper. My killed, as far as Jam able to ascertain, are 3 officers and 21 en- listed men; and wonnded, 3 officers and 58 enlisted men- o ing, 8; enlisted men missing, 165. fficers miss- 1 wonld beg leave to mention in connection with my report that Col. W. L. McMillen, in command of the infantry force, was always present in time of need to enconrage my men and give me the assistance neces- sary, and to his most efficient staff Captain Fernald, Lieutenant and Adjutant Abel, Lieutenant Barber, and others, I shall always remain under obligations for their valuable assistance. I would also beg leave to mention in connection with my report Captain McGrayel, Captain Elliott, and Captain Swift, who rendered me most efficient service after the death of my lieutenant-colonel and adjutant in changing my lines and keeping the men in lines during the engagements and the retreat. I am also under obligations to Doctors Ford and Sackett, of my regi- ment, for services rendered upon the battle-field and after, in caring for the wounded, & c. Lientenaiit and Acting Quartermaster Quail also has my kindest regards for his efficient services as forage master for regi- ment and brigade. In fact, the officers and men behaved nobly, as they have always been in the habit of doing heretofore. Yours, respectfully, D. C. THOMAS, Colonel, Comdg. Ninety-third Regiment Indiana Vols. Col. ALEXANDER WILKIN, Commanding First Brigade U. S. Forces in the Field. No. 6. Report of Lient. Col. Josiah F. ]Jiliarsh, Ninth Minnesota Infantry. HEADQUARTERS NINTH MINNESOTA VOLUNTEERS, Memphis, June 15, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to report that my command at the time it joined the expedition under Brigadier-General Sturgis on the 1st instant, con- sisted of 30 commissioned officers and 635 enlisted men. We arrived on the battle-field at Guntown on the 10th instant, and went into action about 2 p. in., and left the field in good order about 7 p. in., bringing up the rear. The following are the casualties as far as known: Enlisted men killed, 7; enlisted men missing, 272. Of the 272 missing 20 are known to be wounded. Officers missing, 8, many of whom are believed to have been either killed or disabled. I succeeded in bringing back to this place of my command 22 officers and 356 enlisted men, including 7 enlisted [men] wounded. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ~. F. MARSH, Lieutenant- Colonel Ninth Minnesota Volunteers, Comdg. [Lient. 0. H. ABEL, Acting Assistant Adjutant- Ceneral.j 8 R RVOL XXXIX, PT Page 114 114 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. No. 7. Report of Lient. Got. Charles U. Eaton, Seventy-second Ohio Infantry. HDQRS. SEVENTY-SECOND REGT. OHIO VET. VOL. JNFTY., Memphis, Tenn., June 18, 1864. SIR: In compliance with Special Orders, No. 39, headquarters First Brigade, First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, dated Memphis, Teun., May 31,1864, this regiment, as part of the infantry force commanded by Col. W. L. McMillen, reported at the Memphis and Charleston depot at 6 a. in. June 1, 1864. From the depot we were transported by rail to a point about three miles east of Collierville, from whence we proceeded by slow and easy marches to our camp on the ~side hill, about four miles north of the ilatchie bottom, where we arrived the evening of June 9. The march of the command, of which the Seventy-second Ohio formed a part, from Collierville to this camp, was slow on account of rainy weather, muddy roads, and being encumbered with a train of some 250 wagons. At 6 a. m. June 10 we moved from this camp, marching at a good pace for about nine miles, when I was notified by Captain Buckland of Colonel MeMillens staff, that the cavalry command was engaged with the enemy in front, and that it would be necessary for me to hurry up my regiment. Accordingly I moved my regiment at a very rapid pace some three miles to the battle-field,where we arrived between 2 and 3 p. in. The day being extremely hot and sultry, quite a number of my men fell out before we arrived there, being overcome with heat and fatigue. Upon arriv- ing at the battle-field, by order of Col. W. L. MeMillen, commanding Infantry Division, the Seventy-second Regiment was stationed on the left of the line to support Muellers battery, which was immediately on its right, and cover the road to the rear. The battery was stationed on a hill in front of a log house, the right of the Seventy-second resting near the battery, and the regiment extending to the left nearly to the foot of the hill. In front of the Seventy-second, about 250 yards, was another hill, on the top of which were stationed a few rebels, concealed by bushes and rail fence. The space between the Seventy-second and the rebel line was an open field, giving us a good opportunity to see any advance on the part of the enemy. II had five companies deploy as skirmishers to the front and to the right. They kept up a little skir- mishing with the enemy for about an hour and a half when Colonel Wil- kin, commanding brigade, ordered inc to withdraw my regiment from the position on the left of the line, and to form it in liu~, so that the left would rest about one hundred yards to the right of Muellers battery. Colonel Wilkmn informed me that the object of this movement was to protect the cavalry while they should retreat across the bridge to the rear. Accordingly I wi chdrew my regiment, with the exception of the five companies which had previously been deployed as skirmishers, but had not arrived at the position where I was ordered to establish my regiment before the five companies deployed as skirmishers were heavily engaged with the skirmishers of the enemy. I suggested to Colonel Wilkin the propriety of moving my regiment back to its former position, for the reason that if the enemy should drive back my five skirmish companies it would enable him to possess the road to our rear, thereby cutting us off from retreat in case of disaster, and also enable him to destroy the large train of ammunition and commissary stores. Colonel Wilkin, seeing how much damage the enemy could do by forcing back the left of our line, consemited to my returning to my first position. As soon as my regiment arrived at the first position a heavy line of the enemys skirmishers, which extended quite a distance beyond the left o Page 115 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 115 my skirmish line, was seen advancing across the open field. I formed my command so as to give the men a good range of that part of the enemys line of skirmishers which extended beyond the left of my line of skir- mishers. A few volleys fired by my command caused the enemy to with- draw. Just at this moment I discovered that the whole infantry coin- mand, with the exception of my regiment, was retreating. In a very few minutes Colonel McMillen, in person, ordered me to hold my posi- tion until all of the regiments should have crossed a creek and swamp to our rear, to the end that they might have time to form a new line of battle about half a mile in the rear. By the time the last regi- ment had crossed the enemy was advancing from the right, left, and front of my position, and it was almost by chance that my regiment es- caped being captured. After crossing the creek and swamp Colonel McMillen ordered me to march my regiment along with the train, keep- ing the right-hand side of the road. This I did until I arrived at a house on a ridge about half a mile to the rear of the battle-field, where General Grierson suggested that I should station my regiment behind a rail fence to protect the train until it should all have passed this point. This suggestion I considered a good one, and immediately formed my regiment in line on the right side of the road, where I re- mained until the last wagon had passed. Again I moved my command to the rear, keeping the right-haiid side of the road as directed. We had gone but a few rods when the teamsters, near the middle of the train, began to destroy their wagons by setting them on fire, thns blockading the road so that all the wagons in the rear of those destroyed had to be abandoned. Seeing that no new line of battle was estab- ]ished and that all the rest of the command were continuing to retreat, and receiving imo orders from nmy superiors in command, I continued the march to the rear until I arrived on the hill on tIme imorth side of the Hatchie bottoms, where I ordered my regiment to halt, imitemiding to allow the men a rest of about ami hour, as they were getting very much fatigued, having marched about eight umiles from the battle-field with- out rest. The regiment had hardly halted when an aide to Gemmeral Sturgis, in the name of the general, ordered inc to keep imp the retreat still farther to the rear. In obedieimce to these orders I again moved umy coinniand to the rear, until I arrived on the gronmid where nmy regi- ment had bivouacked the night previous. My nien, overcome by fatigue, having nmarched some twelve miles from time battle-field with- out rest, I ordered a halt,intending to remain umitil I should receive orders from sonme of umy superiors iii command. About half an hoar afterward Coloimel Warings brigade of cavalry camne up, and the com- manding officer ordered me to move my commamid to I~pley. I inquired by what authority he gave me such orders. He replied, By order of General Stur~s. Again I moved my command to the rear, and caine up with General Sturgis and Colonel MeMilleim at a bridge crossing a creek about six miles south of Ripley. Colonel McMilleu ordered me to continue the retreat to Ripley, which I did, arriving there at 5 oclock the following morning, having in twenty-tlmree hours marched a distance of thirty-eight miles, and engaged the emmemny two hours. At a little before 7 oclock Colonel MeMillen sent an aide (Lieutenant Livings) ordering me, as the senior officer of the brigade then present, to immediately nmove the brigade on the Saleni road, following the cay- airy, with instructions to have the armed men organized so as to be available at a mimoments wariming. Only three regiments were in motion before Col. D. C. Thomas, Ninety-third Indiana Infantry, canine up amid assumed comnmamid, After marching about two miles, Captain Fernald Page 116 116 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. of Colonel McMillens staff, ordered me to keep well closed up on the cavalry, which was the last order I received that day from any of my superior officers. About eight miles from Ripley the enemy fired into the center of the regiment from the left-hand side of the road, which caused a slight delay of the left companies, thereby forming quite a gap between the fourth and fifth companies. The cavalry in advance began to march at such a rapid pace that it became utterly impossible for in- fantry to keep closed up with them, but the organization of my regi- ment was still kept up, keeping as close to the cavalry in front as pos- sible. After marching about two miles farther the Fourth Missouri Cavalry, which was acting as rear guard to the whole command, sud- denly made a rush to the front, riding throngh the ranks of my regi- ment, causing the men to scatter in all directions to avoid being ridden over. At the same time the enemy made an attack on the rear. My men, being wholly out of ammunition, and seeing that it was absolutely necessary to rid themselves of all incuinbrances in order to avoid being captured, broke their guns and destroyed their accouterments by cut- ting them in pieces. They then pressed rapidly forward, with the in- tention of keeping up with the cavalry and saving themselves, if possi- ble; but the majority of them, being overcome by the excessive heat of the day and the long amid rapid march, were compelled to leave the road and to seek safety in the woods. However, 143 men of my com- mand kept pace with the cavalry and arrived at Collierville about 8 oclock the following morning, having nmarched a distance of nearly ninety mniles in forty-eight hours. After resting part of the day at Col- lierville these men became so stiffened as to require assistance to enable them to walk. Some of them, too foot-sore to stand upon their feet, crawled upon their hands and knees to the cars. When I left Ripley in the morning my command had 320 guns and averaged about eight rounds of ammunition to a mami. Eleven officers and 255 emilisted men have not yet returned to Memphis. They are, most of timem, undoubtedly prisoners of war in the hands of the enemy. Of the officers and muemi under my conitnand I have just reason for feeling proud. Not an officer nor a uman did I see who failed to do his whole duty, and none of themn surely are responsible for any part of the disaster. - C. G. EATON, ijeut. Col., Comdg. Seventy-second Regt. Ohio Vet. Vol. Infty. Lient. 0. II. ABEL, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 1st Brig., 1st Div., 16th Army Corps. No. 8. Report of Lient. Col. Jefferson Brumback, Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry. HDQRS. NINETY-FIFTH REGIMENT Onio JNFTY. VoLS., (amp near Memphis, Tenn., June 18, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by this regiment in the action at Brices Cross-Roads, near Guntown, Miss., June 10, 1864, and in the retreat thence to Memphis, Teun.: On that day the brigade to which the regiment was attached was led by my regiment, the brigade being the second in the column of infantry on the march. The day was very hot, and my men were moved to the field part of the time on double-quick, so that they went into actio Page 117 CEIA?. ILl EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 117 very much fatigued. The regiment was posted on the left of our ad- vance line, with a dense growth of small trees and underbrush in front and rear and on my left, my right resting on the Baldwyn road, so called. I covered my front and left, after getting into position, with two companies deployed as skirmishers. After the enemy had attacked and forced back the right and center of our lines they advanced in heavy force against my position. My skirmish line was engaged and driven in with loss, Capts. Wells Allis and IR. M. Hanson, who commanded it, being very severely wounded (perhaps mortally), and the former left on the field. The regiment on my right having given way the enemy flanked me on that side and also on my left. I, therefore, retired my line in as good order as possible forty or fifty yards and made another stand, holding the position until again flanked and compelled to retire. This time my men fell back perhaps seventy-five yards, still in the timber and brush, when they again withstood the enemy until my right was again turned. I then drew off my men to and across the Guntown road, on which we had advanced, to the crossroads, and rallied them behind a rail fence fifty or seventy-five yards distant from the road. This position I was ordered to hold as long as possible, and did so, until our forces, including artillery, which had been on my right and not previously left the field, drew off in my rear, and until the enemy again turned my right flank, when may men had to retreat across the bottom through bayous and a creek in order to regain the main road. The retreat having by this time become general, it was very difficult to assemble my men. A number were, however, collected on the road- side some distance from the field, and, pursuant to orders from Colonel McMillen, halted until Colonel McMillen, commanding the brigade, came up with the remaining organized force of the Ninth Minnesota and One hundred and fourteenth Illinois, with which regiments I kept the rear until we reached Ripley next morning, having been delayed between two and three hours at a swamp across which it was found impossible to pass the artillery and few wagons and ambulances that had preceded us on the retreat. At the time I arrived in Ripley the enemy attacked that place vigorously and successfully, so that I could not effect a junction with the portion of my regiment which had pre- ceded me to that point, and which I understand since had been assein- bled under command of Captain Stausbury. The captain moved out with his command on one road, and in the confusion I took, with the few officers and men left with me under command of Colonel Wilkin, another. From Ripley the retreat was continued, passing on the road from Salem to Saulsbury, crossing Wolf River at Davis Mills, and through La Fayette and Collierville. The men under ]U~ immediate command arrived in Memphis on the evening of the 13th. In the battle and on the disastrous retreat my officers and men be- haved well. I know of no one who failed in performing his duty, and it would be invidious to name those who acquitted themselves with credit. I append a list of casualties,* in which only those known certainly to be killed and wounded are so marked. I fear that quite a number of others were also killed and wounded in the woods and bushes, where munch of our fighting was done, and from which they did not emnerge. Of the officers lost 7 were in comnniand of companies. My men suffered Shows 1 officer and 5 men killed, 3 officers and 21 men wounded, and 8 officers and 154 men missing; total, 192 Page 118 118 KY., SW. VA., ~PENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. very much on the retreat. All the severely wounded were left behind on the field or on the road, because it was impossible to bring them through. J. BIRUMBACK Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Lieut. 0. H. ABEL, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 9. Report of Col. George B. Iloge, One hundred and thirteenth Illinois In fantry, commanding Second Brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, DISTRICT OF MEMPHIS, Memphis, Tenn., June 14, 1864. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Second Brigade, under my command, in the late ex- iedition into Northern Mississippi, which was conducted by Brigadier- General Sturgis: In accordance with Special Orders, No. 38, paragraph 19, headquar- ters District of West Tennessee, dated May 31, 1864, I reported my command at 2 p. m. of the next day at the depot of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, prepared for embarkation. Having reported at the appointed time and place with my command, two additional regi- ments of infantry and one battery of light artillery were assigned to me, and the Second Brigade consisted then and throughout the expedi- tion of the Eighty-first, Ninety-fifth, One hundred and eighth, One hundred and thirteenth, and One hundred and twentieth Regiments of Illinois Infantry, and Company B, Second Regiment Illinois Artillery, commanded by Capt. F. H. Chapman. At 6.30 p. in. of Wednesday, 1st instant, the entire command had embarked on rail cars, and the train immediately moved away from the depot, and at 9 p. m. arrived at a point about half way between Collier- ville and La Fayette, Teun., where the coirnnand disembarked and biv- ouacked for the night, near the railroad track, in the woods. Reveille was sounded at 4.30 oclock on the ensuing morning, Thurs- day, the 2d, and the brigade marched at 6 oclock, by land, toward La Fayette, where, about 11 a. in., the First and Third Brigades were found encamped. I passed on beyond La Fayette one mile amid went into camp. On the following morning, Friday, the 3d, the entire column of infan- try was in motion at 3.30 a. in., the Second Brigade having position in the center. Arrived at night at Lamar, Miss., a small statiou on the Mississippi Central Railroad, and halted on a high and command- ing position near the same. About 11 a. m. a heavy and continuous rain set in, which only ceased late in the morning of Saturday, the 4th. The command resumed the march at 11 a. in., the Second Brigade in front, and marching toward Salem. The day was fine, the roads im- proving, and the troops in good spirits. At 5 p. m. the column arrived at Robinsons plantation (about half way to Salem), and bivouacked in fine location near the same. Sunday, the 5th, the march was resumed toward Salem at 6 a. in., and continued until noon, when the command halted for the day about a mile beyond Salem. The weather was clear and fine, but very warm. About 4 a. m. of Monday, the 6th, the column was again in motion, the Second Brigade in the rear, and th~ One hundred and thirteenth Regiment Illinois Infantry in charge of the division supply amid ammu- nition train. When about ten miles from Salem, the train was fire Page 119 O~4AP. tIl EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 119 upon by a small party, who inflicted no injuries whatever. A severe rain, with a good deal of thunder and lightning, prevailed about three hours during the day, which so impaired the roads as seriously to delay the troops and train. The weather soon after changed for the better, and at night the column halted at a point fourteen miles southe~st of Salem, on the Ripley road, and nine miles distant from Ripley. The march was resumed toward Ripley at 10 oclock, through a hilly, thickly-wooded, and thinly-settled country. Forage became scarce, and all the stock suffered. At 4p. m. the command arrived within four miles of Ripley, and the Second and Third Brigades halted on the plan- tation of Mr. Crowder, while the First Brigade pushed forward to join Griersons cavalry at Ripley. The weather was warm and sultry, but there was no rain. About 4 oclock on the morning of the 8th I resumed march and passed through and about two miles beyond Ripley and halted for two hours, when I was ordered to return, and about a mile back took the road leading to Baldwyn, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The column halted on this road about ftur miles from Ripley. At 10 a. m. of the 9th march was resumed, my command having the center, and continued for twelve miles on the Ripley and Baldwyn road, where we were halted on a fine high ridge and bivouacked for the night. The column moved at 10 oclock of the 10th instant, my command in front. Much delay was occasiolied by bad roads, but by special effort the artillery and wagon train was kept closed np on the marching column. About 1- p. m. I received an order from Colonel MeMillen to move forward instantly, as General Grierson was fighting and hotly presse~l. I moved at once. Shortly after Colonel McMilIeu sent me word that he would move forward with his escort at such a gait as he thought the infantry could march, but if I found that it was too much for theni to send him word. I kept up the gait for about two miles and a half wheii it was reported to me that five men had been sun-struck in the advance regiment of the brigade, the One hundred and thirteenth Illinois Infantry. I immediately sent Captain Woodruff forward to Colonel McMillen to say that it was impossible to keep up that rapid gait. I then halted for five minutes at a small stream for the men to fill their canteens, amid then moved forward at a more moderate gait. Shortly afterward I received a peremptory order from Colonel McMillen to move forward as rapidly as possible, as the enemy were gaining ground, and the only thillg that would save us was the infantry. I then in- creased the gait of the command, and kept up a quick march till within about three-quarters of a umile of the line of battle, when I received an order from Colonel McMillen in person to move forward at a double- quick, which was done and kept up umitil I came to the line of battle, when I placed the One hundred and thirteenth Illinois Infantry with its left resting on the road crossing the Ripley and Baldwyn road; the One hundred and twentieth Illinois Infantry was placed with its left resting on the right of the One hundred and thirteenth, the One hundred and eighth Illinois Infantry with its left resting on the right of the One hundred and twentieth, the Ninety-fifth Illinois Infantry with its left resting on the right of the One hundred and eighth, the Eighty-first Illinois Infantry with its left resting on the right of the Ninety-fifth, where a cavalry regimnent rested on the right of the Eighty-first, and completed the line across to the Baldwyn road. Bat- tery B, Second Illinois Artillery, Captain Chapman, four guns, was placed at the cross-roads, where they fired 5 and 3 second shell. Co Page 120 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA.; AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. onel MeMillen ordered one gun to be run down the Baidwyn road about 400 yards, and being hotly pressed by the enemy, two of the horses being killed, the ~piece fell into the enemys hands along with two cais- sons. About this time the first line of battle gave way, but was re- formed on the road, which we contested for some time, till our left flank was turned, when the command fell back in a hurried and disor- dered manner. This was kept up all night. The battery lost its three other guns and remaining caissons at the ilatchie Swamp, which was impossible to cross. The guns were all spiked before abandoning them, and the horses saved. The last of the infantry reached Ripley about 7 a. m. Saturday, the 11th instant, closely pursued by the enemy, when my command was at once organized, and left Ripley in good order, following the First Brigade about 7.30 a. in., the enemy following close on our rear. At a distance of about three miles northwest of Ripley the enemys cavalry flanked the infantry which were marching in the rear of the cavalry, except one regiment of cavalry which was acting as a rear guard. My command, such as had guns, formed for defense with fixed bayonets, but many of them were captured, owing to their exhausted condition and lack of ammunition; many to escape capture and to hasten their retreat to- ward the main column, abandoned their guns and cartridge-boxes. The retreat was continued by a route lying four miles to the right of Salem and seven miles to the left of La Grange toward Moscow, Tenn., on the Spring Hill road, continuing our retreat during the whole of Sat- urday night, and arriving at La Fayette, Teun., at 4 a. m. of Sunday, the 12th instant, where the last firing of the enemy took place on our rear. The retreat had been through a hilly country, hard to travel, and the roads being very muddy and the men being withont pj~ovis- ions, and keeping up with the cavalry reduced them to an exceedingly exhausted condition, and many fell unavoidably into the hands of the enemy. The command reached Collierville, Tenn., about 10 a. m. nf Sunday, and bivouacked there until the arrival of trains from Memphis, when they were transported to this city on board the cars. The following figures show the original strength of the brigade and the number of killed, wounded, and missing, as compiled from reports made to this date, midday of the 14th instant. Stragglers and escaped prisoners are arriving within our lines in small numbers daily. The number of guns brought in by the entire command is 267. H Ori~ual strength of brigade: 2 1 1 Staff and line officers 18 iS 16 Enlisted men. Killed: 374 342 128 Field officers 1 Staff and line officers 1 1 1 Enlisted men 8 12 1 4 wonnded, present and absent: Staff and line officers 2 5 1 Enlisted men. - MissinH: 16 22 7 32 Field officers .. Staff and line officers 18 2 6 Enlisted men 165 73 27 106 Aggregate~original strength, 1,674; killed, wonnded, and missing, 748. 1 2 12 27 3 293 362 74 I 8 1 1 1 20 2 1 20 182 2 7 94 1, 573 2 .3 34 iO 99 i 46 555 12 Page 121 Cnii~. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 121 In conclusion, I would say that the officers and men of the entire command acted in the most gallant manner. I think especial notice is due to the officers and men of the One hundred and twentieth Illinois Infantry, it being the first time they have been under fire. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am, lieutenant, very respectfully, your obedient servant, (lEO. B. HOGE, Colonel, Commanding. Lieut. 0. II. ABEL, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Infantry Dirision. No. 10. Report of Col. Pranklir~ Campbell, Eighty-first Illinois Infantry. HnQRs. EIGHTY-FIRST ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, Saint Charles, Ark., August 10, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to transmit, in compliance with your request, my part taken in the engagement at Guntown, Miss., June 10, 1864, as per following report: We broke camp about 7 a. m. on the morning of the 10th, and almost immediately took up our line of march. I advanced until about 10 a. in., when I came within hearing of our advance cavalry and artillery skirmishing with the enemy. The day had become intensely hot. About 10 a. m. orders caine from the front to rush the men forward, as an advantageous position had been gained, which it was important to hold. I marched the men as rapidly as possible. Very soon orders came to double-quick the men, as moments were everything. It was under these circumstances, orders upon orders, that I hurried and urged the men forward a distance of four miles under a hot sun to the field of battle. I was forced to put the regiment in line in an open space of ground without a leaf of shade, when ntimbers of them fell down ex- hausted from over-exertion under the terrible heat. On my right was some cavalry, and, it is said, one infantry regiment (I had not time to ascertain); on the left the Ninety-fifth Illinois. I almost immediately sent my skirmishers forward after forming in line. They had advanced but a few yards when they caine in collision with the main force of tIme enemy. The ground to my right and front was heavy timber with thick undergrowththe left of the Ninety-fifth Illinoisa ridge of land running at an acute angle with the line of battle, on which a portion of the enemy lay within easy range. The action almost immediately commenced. It was now between the hours of 12 rn. and 1 p. in. The fighting was terrific. The brave men under my command repulsed charge after charge of the enemy, and maintained their position with but little change until the enemy were driven back from our front, with the exception of a few sharpshooters sheltered behind logs and trees. It was in the second charge of the enemy on the right wing that the color bearer of the opposing regiment was shot down and the colors captured by a private in Company B, this regiment. Early in the action the line on the right gave way, thus allowing the enemy to flank us; the flank firing from the right and high ground on our left became very galling. The companies on our right wing kept the enemys flank- ers somewhat in check, and we held our position until every cartridge in the regiment had been expended, including those taken from th Page 122 122 i~., sw. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. ~4A. tOTAP. ti Wounded and dead. I had dispatched Adjt. J. J. Fitzgerrell for ammu- nition, but he had not returned. It was while in this position, the men completely exhausted, out of ammunition, the enemy on the right, and a heavy enfilading fire on the left, that I ordered the regiment to fall back. This we did until we came iu line with the artillery, some 300 yards in rear of our first position, where, becoming exhausted from overheat and previous ill health, I turned over my command to Lient. Col. A. W. Rogers, Eighty-first Illinois Volunteers. F. CAMPBELL, Colonel Eighty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Capt. WILLIAM WARNER, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Division, Seventeenth Army Corps. No. 11. Report of Lieut. Col. Andrew W. Rogers, Eighty-first Illinois Infantry. IIDQRS. EIGHTY-FIRST REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, - Saint Charles, Ark., August 10, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to transmit to you, in compliance with your request, a report of the part taken by the Eighty-first Regiment Illinois Infantry at Guntown, Miss., June 10, 1864: A cONTINUATION OF REPORT OF COL. F. CAMPBELL. On taking command, by the request of my superior officer, CoL F. Camp- bell, by direction of Colonel McMillen, our division commander I formed a line of [battle], throwing the line right and left of Waterhouses bat- tery, then in position. My command, long out of ammunition, I ordered to fix bayonets, and thus held the enemy in check for some time until my brave and energetic adjutant, James J. Fitzgerrell, succeeded~ in forcing an ammunition wagon from the rear~ of the train to within an ~available distance of the front. Ammunition was immediately distrib- uted, and the fight soon became hotly contested. Here, in connection with the artillery, we maintained our position for more than two hours, a regular stand-up fight, men and officers trying to vie with each other in the discharge of their duty, the enemy making charge after charge in front, only to be driven back by volleys of grape, canister, and mus- ketry. It was here that acting major, Capt. James P. Cowens, A Coin- pany, was severely wo~inded and obliged to retire. His gallantry and bravery cannot be too highly commended. Thus stood the brave boys of my command, with a noble band of the Ninety-fifth Illinois on my left, fighting back the enemy from our battery, which was managed with the most consummate skill and manned with desperate courage, until the line on~ my left gave way and allowed the enemy to come in my rear; nor did the contest end until we were almost surrounded. See- ing that I should soon be cut off, and there being no superior officer near from whom to receive orders, I directed my command to fall back. We filed off slowly by the left flank, thus giving the batterymen time to bring off most of their guns, which they did in the most gallant style. Thus ended the contest at the white house. My command fighting until almost surrounded, the enenmy within twenty steps of our guns, - we were the last to leave the field that day. I marched my men of Page 123 EXPEDITION INTO MI$SISSIPPI. Cn~. iii 12~ slowly through the little valley below, keeping my command well together. We crossed a stream and reformed in line of battle, and pro- tected the battery while crossing. We again fell back to the crest of the next hill, about one mile distant, subject all the time to a terrific cannonading from the batteries of the enemy. Here we again formed iii line, in connection with other regiments, to check the advance of the foe. This position was held until dark, checking and driving back the enemy, being constantly subject to flank movements of the opposing forces, and there being no cavalry to protect our flanks, I withdrew my command and continued the retreat toward the town of Ripley, which we reached after traveling all night. Early in the morning of the 11th I reported my command in a regular organized body to my brigade commander. We had hardly stacked arms when we were again attacked by the enemy on three sides [of] the town. I was again called into line to repulse the enemy. My men hav- ing but a chance cartridge, and there being no chance of filling our depleted cartridge-boxes, I ordered my men into line, fixed bayonets, and charged forward. The enemy did not wait to receive us but fled, when by orders from General Grierson I endeavored to make the road which led west from the town on which the command had gone out. Moving by the flank at double-quick, firing the reniainder of our animu- nition as we went to keep them in check, who were making every effort to cut us off, we at last reached the woods, with the loss of a few men wounded or cut off in the retreat. When I arrived at the road I found that I was in the rear of a body of cavalry and infantry. We traveled on at a rapid pace sonic twelve or fifteen miles from Ripley, the enemy constantly harassing our rear, when the cavalry gave way and allowed the enemy to make a dash on the rear of our column. The infantry being thus left unprotected, with no ammuiiition, exhausted with more than twenty-four hours constant exertion without rest or food, man y of them became an easy prey to the enemy. From this time it became impossi- ble to preserve an efficient organization. We marched the remainder of the day and night and until 9 a. m. of the 12th, when we arrived at Collierville, twenty-five miles from Memphis, on line of railroad, after fifty hours of constant marchimig and fighting without rest or food, and a loss of 141 killed, wounded, and missing, out of all told of 371 with us on the morning of the 10th of June. In closing this report I must say that I have never seemi men fight with more desperate courage or obstinate tenacity than did men on this field. I can bear witness to the courage of the Ninety-fifth Illinois Volunteers and Waterhouses battery, which were under my immedi- ate view and fought side by side with us during the engagement. To notice individual instances of courage in my command would per- haps be making invidious distinction; 1 cannot, however, speak too highly of the conduct of both officers and men under my command dur- ing the action and in the retreat; many of them have ever won places of grateful remembrance in the hearts of their brother officers and soldiers by deeds of daring and kindness which can never be forgotten. I have the honor to subscribe myself, your most obedient servant, A. W. ROGERS, Lieutenant-Colonel Eighty-first illinois Volunteer Infantry. Capt. WILLIAM WARNER, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Division, Seventeenth Army Corps Page 124 124 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. No. 12. Report of Lient. Cot. George 1?. Clarke, One hundred and thirteenth Illi nois Infantry. HEADQUARTERS 113TH REGIMENT ILLINOIS INFANTRY, ltEemjphis, Tenn., June 15, 1864. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report that on the 1st day of June, 1864, I moved with a portion of my command, numbering 12 officers and 293 men, with the late expedition commanded by Brigadier-General Sturgis, by railroad to a point four miles beyond Collierville, Tenn., where I left the cars and went into camp for the night. June 2, went into camp near La Fayette, Tenn., after marching about five miles. The next day we marched to a point near Salem, Miss.; from thence we marched with the brigade commanded by Col. George B. loge (Second Brigade, District of Memphis), of which my command formed a part; general course, southeast. On the 9th instant twenty men were pronounced unfit for dnty and were sent back to Memphis. Came up with the enemy near Guntown, Miss., about 1.30 p. m. on the 10th instant. I was ordered to advance with my command at a double-quick to support the cavalry, which was then fighting. We doubled-quicked about four miles, and one-third of my men were so com- pletely exhausted as to be scarce able to stand; several were sun-struck. Firing commenced as soon as we were in line of battle and was kept up with great rapidity for nearly half an hour, but our ammunition was nearly exhausted and we were being overpowered by superior numbers, so were reluctantly compelled to fall back, which we did in tolerably good order, fighting as we gave ground. We formed a new line and fought the enemy until our ammunition was entirely exhausted, when we were compelled to retreat, knowing it would be useless to contend against the odds of four to one. I am sorry to say that our retreat was in great confusion. We continued to fall back all night until we reached Ripley, Miss., where we halted and endeavored to collect our scattered forces, but before it was fully accomplished we were again attacked by the enemys cavalry, which had followed us during the night. Our men were fatigued, and many of them were without arms or rations, and we were not in a condition to engage him, so we were again compelled to retreat. ~We were closely pursued by the enemy until we arrived within a few miles of Collierville. My rear skirmished with him almost the entire distance. A portion of my command reached Memphis during the night of the 12th, others on the 13th instant. I am pleased to say that my whole command, both officers and men, behaved nobly; not a man flinched althou fire for the first time , gh many of them were under duty. , being recruits. Illinois soldiers always do their GEORGE Ii. CLARKE, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Lient. JOHN S. LORD Aetg. Asst. Adjt. 6en., 8eeond Brigade, District of Memphis Page 125 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 125 No. 13. Report of Got. Edward Bouton, Fifty-ninth U. S. Colored Infantry, com manding Third Brigade. HDQRs. FIRST BRIGADE, U. S. COLORED TROOPS, ]Jfentphis, Teun., June 17, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to report that in compliance with orders I moved my command from Memphis June 1, 1864, consisting of the Fifty-fifth and Fifty-ninth Regiments U. S. Colored Infantry, and one section of Battery F, Second U. S. Artillery (colored), which troops constituted the Third Brigade of Infantry Division, under command of Col. W. L. 1\IcMillen. The strength of my brigade was as follows: Fifty-fifth U. S. Colored Infantry, Maj. E. M. Lowe commandingcommissioned officers, 19; en- listed men, 685. Fifty-ninth U. S. Colored Infantry, Lieut. Col. Robert Cowdeu commandingcommissioned officers, 27; enlisted men, 580. Battery F, Second U. S. Artillery (colored), Capt. Carl A. Lamberg commandingcommissioned officers, 2; enlisted men, 37. Total, coin- missioned officers, 48; enlisted men 1 302. Total aggregate, exclusive of staff, 1,350. On leaving camp, some thirteen miles from Ripley, the morning of June 10, I had the Fifty-fifth U. S. Colored Infantry, Maj. E. M. Lowe commanding, distributed through the supply train, some three or four men to each wagon; the train followed by Battery F, Second U. S. Artillery (colored), Capt. C. A. Lainberg commanding; Fifty-ninth U. S. Colored Infantry, Lieut. Col. Robert Cowden commanding, in rear. I had marched my brigade in this way less than two miles, when I dis- covered a column of the enemys cavalry moving parallel with my right flank on a ridge road, bearing, generally, three-quarters to one mile and a half from the one on which I was moving. I moved with the utmost caution and vigilance, guarding every avenue of approach to the column from that flank. I heard artillery firing in front at about 11 a. in., but continued muoving in the order above described till the head of the column reached the old house near the field, in which the officers in charge just commenced corraling the train. I had at this time just sent back orders to close up the troops and bring them for- ward at double-quick to this point. Many of them double-quicked two or three miles. I had as yet received no orders, but getting a partial view of the field, and seeing our cavalry falling back, soon followed by infantry and artillery, and judging somewhat of the enemys strength and 1)OsitiOlL by the fire he was delivering, I saw that my brigade must be thrown forward into action at omice to save a total defeat. I imme- diately gathered two companies from the head of the column, under Captain Ewing, of the Fifty-fifth, and threw them forward into what seemed to be a gap in the First Brigade near the right and rear of what seenmed to be the left battalion. These two companies held this position with great firmness until they were much reduced by loss and virtually crushed back by overwhelming numbers. I next threw for- ward seven companies of the Fifty-fifth Regiment, under Major Lowe, which I put into position a little to the rear amid to the right of the first two companies, so as to cover as well as possible the retreat of the brigade on left of the road. This line gave way to allow the troops in front to pass through to the rear, when they immediately closed up and opened a steady and well-directed fire on the enemy, which for a time seemed to hold in check his right and center. Major Lowe being s Page 126 126 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. verely wounded in the left arm early in the engagement, Captain Reeve assumed the command of this regiment, and handled these troops with great coolness and bravery, holding his position against fearful odds, until he was ordered to fall back to a new position, which he did in good order. I then formed as mnch of a general line as was possible with the balance of the brigade, placing the two gnns of Lam- bergs battery in ~~ositio1I on the rise of ground by the old house, in- structing him to throw 2A and 3 second fuse-shells over our retreating men into the woods, through which the enemy were advancing in great numbers, until our forces had passed him, then to depress his pieces and cover the open ground in front with canister; which order he obeyed as well as possible until he was forced to retire, leaving one caisson on tIme ground, which he was compelled to do on account of its horses be- ing many of them killed. The remaining company of the Fifty-fifth I formed on the right of the battery on a ridge, the Fifty-ninth, still on their right, forming on the same ridge; my line thus formed being some- what in the form of a scroll, conforming to the ridge on which it was formed, the left on the road and thrown back oblique with it, the center on right angles with the road, and the right thrown forward. I then ordered the balance of the Fifty-fifth to be brought back and formed on the left. At this time the enemy came forward in great numbers, engaging my entire line, and moving forward on the road in solid col- umn under the fire of the battery. One or two companies near the road reserved their fire until this column was within less than 100 yards, when they delivered their fire obliquely, enfilading the head of the column, doing terrible executiomi, amid for a time checking the entire column. My line had then become closely engaged; my right was forced back and flanked, which soon caused us to fall back gradually and in good order some 200 yards, the men facing about and firing as they retired. We fought and retired in this manner for about 800 yards, forming and holding our position at every ditch, ridge, or skirt of timber of which we could take advantage, until just at sundown we were formed on high ground, with timber in our rear and an open field in front, through which the enemy were advancing. The right and center of our line, embracing most of the Fifty-ninth Regiment, here rallied and charged, driving the enemny back with bayonets and clubbed muskets nearly 400 yards, leaving great numbers of his dead on the ground. Up to the time of making this charge Colonel Wilkin, of the Ninth Minnesota, had comiformed somewhat to our movements on our left, but, as well as I could judge, his men retreated about the time my rmght charged. It now being quite dark, my left cut off flanked and broken, my right flanked by great numbers amid in danger of beimig en- tirely surrounded, my remaining forces retreated in good order, nimme companies of the Fifty-ninth Regiment preserving their company or- ganization. At the time of retreating, being on the extreme right with a few skirmishers endeavoring to keep the enemy on our flank from closing in our rear as my column moved out, I was left entirely cut oft and surrounded by several hundred of the enemy. My men, gathering around me, fought wmth terrible desperation. Some of them, having broken up their guns in hand-to-hand conflict, unyielding, died at my feet, without a thing in their hands for defemise. I escaped from this unpleasant position about 9 p. in., and by making a large circuit throngh the woods joined the retreating column on the Ripley road about 11 p. m. My men being in rear of the column were attacked at early dawn on the morning of June 11, some five miles from Ripley, where they forme Page 127 CHAP. LI.] 127 EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. and fought, using ammunition that had been thrown away by the troops in advance and picked up in the dark. They repulsed the enemy and fell back, fighting in this way for an hour, and falling back a mile until relieved by cavalry, when they moved on to Ripley, picking up every round of ammunition they could get. At Ripley I attempted to fully reorganize my brigade, but had hardly commenced when the enemy charged into the lower end of the town, breaking the line of cavalry formed to hold them in check, when my men were immediately formed and thrown forward against the enemy, almost without a round of am- munition. By using our ammunition sparingly and using bayonets and clubbed muskets at every opportunity, we succeeded in holding in check and forcing back those in our front until two heavy columns were thrown into our rear and a strong line of Griersons cavalry still in rear of them. From t4iis desperate situation we succeeded iii breaking out to the right and left. I sncceeded in bringing oft about 170 on the Salem road, most of them being disarmed, and many severely wounded, with whom I reached Collierville, Tenn., June 12. The larger portion of my command made their way out to the left through a pine grove and out on the Lamar and old Corinth roads; the larger portion under Captain Foster, commanding Fifty-ninth, took the Lamar road, coming throu~m, in company with a large force of infantry under command of Colonel Wilkin, acting as rear guard, and defending them with guns and ammunition thrown away by the retreating column in advance. Moving and fighting in this manner they reached Colhierville, Tenn., June 13. Still another portion under Captain Reeve, commanding Fifty-fifth, being much harassed by overwhelming numbers of appa- rently fresh-mounted cavalry, were compelled to divide and scatter considerably, but finally fought their way through, reaching Collierville June 15. Lieut. Col. Robert Cowden, commanding Fifty-ninth Regiment, was severely wounded in right hip about 4.30 p. m. June 10, at the fifth position in which he formed his regiment, and was with difficulty brought oft and saved from falling into the hands of the enemy. Capt. Henry W. Johnson took command of this regiment, displaying great coolness and bravery until relieved by Capt. James C. Foster, who was at the time in charge of a line of skirmishers. Captain Foster handled his men with great coolness and bravery, holding every foot of ground possible, hoping only to detain the enemy from pursuing our retreating column. The officers and men of my entire command are deserving of great credit for the bravery with which they fought in the main engagement, considering the unfavorable circumstances under which they were thrown into action and the overwhelming numbers against whom they contended. I could not censure a single officer, or even suggest where they might have done more. I can scarce give the credit due to indi- vidual officers where all are so deserving of praise. Our losses in commissioned officers are: Killed, 1, Lieutenant Price, Fifty-fifth Regiment; wounded, 4, Lieut. Col. Robert Cowden, Fifty- ninth, right hip; Maj. E. M. Lowe, Fifty-fifth Regiment, left arm; Cap- tain Ewing, Fifty-fifth, left leg; Lieutenant Lewis, Fifty-fifth Regiment, thigh; missing, 11; total loss in commissioned officers, 16. Some 8 other officers were slightly wounded, but not so as to disable them from duty more than a few days. Our loss in enlisted men, at l)reseut, is: Killed, 109; wounded severely, 243; missing, 160; total, 512. Full 300 more were slightly wouiided, but not smiffieieutly to keep them from duty but a fCw days~ Page 128 128 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. In a few days I shall be able to give more accurate and detailed re- port of casnalties. Respectfillly, your obedient servant, ED. BOUTON, Colonel Fifty-ninth U. S. Infantry (Colored), Comdg. Brigade. [Capt. C. W. DUSTAN, Assistant Adjutant- General, District of llfemphis.j No. 14. Report of Brig. Gen. Benjamin H. Grierson, U. S. Army, commanding Cavalry Division. HDQRS. CAVALRY DIVISION, SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, ]IJiemphis, Tenn., June 21, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that on the 1st of June I con- centrated my command at La Fayette Station, on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, and on the afternoon of the 2d I moved, in obedi- ence to instructions from Brigadier-General Sturgis, in a southeasterly direction, passing through Early Grove, Lamar, and Salem. Fr6m this point I detached a force of 400 men under Col. Joseph Karg6, of the Second New ~Jersey Cavalry, to proceed by a quick movement via Rip- ley, to Rienzi, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, with instructions to destroy that road aiid any stores that might be on it, and communicate with me on the Danville and Ruckersville road. With my main force I moved at the same time from Salem to Ruckersville, where I halted about twenty-four hours to await the arrival of the infantry and wagon train. From this point I sent patrols east to the Hatchie River and beyond to obtain all possible information and to endeavor to communi- cate with Colonel Karg~. Receiving notice that the enemy had left Corinth and passed south, I communicated with the general command- ing, who was at the intersection of the Salem and Ruckersville and Saulsbury and Ripley roads, who decided to move south toward Ripley. Accordingly, on the afternoon of the 7th of June 1 moved southward to Ripley. At this point my advance met a small party of the enemy, who were driven through town and out on the New Albany road. They fell back about three miles to their reserve, which consisted of a brigade, strongly posted. I immediately pushed forward a portion of my Second Brigade (Colonel Winslows) and the Seventh Indiana Cavalry, of the First Brigade. The skirmishing was quite brisk for nearly two hours. We succeeded in driving the enemy until night came on, when they moved off in a southerly direction, and I fell back to a good position and encamped. Our loss was 1 killed and 3 wounded; that of the enemy 6 killed and about 15 wounded, most of whom were left on the field. The next morning, hearing that Colonel Kargd was in a hazardous situation on the east side of the Hatchie River, by order of the general commanding I sent 500 men and two howitzers of the First Brigade to re-enforce him. They had not proceeded far before they met him, safely returning. About noon on the 8th I sent the First Brigade (Colonel Warings) back to the forks of the New Albany and Elhistown roads, near Ripley, there to await the arrival of Colonel Karg6, and with the Second Brigade I moved on a by-road across to the Ripley and Fulton road, striking it about five miles from Ripley. The next morning I detached my sick men and worn-out horses and sent them back in company with the sick of the infantry and empty wagons Page 129 CHAT~ LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MIS~ISSJPPI. 129 At 12 oclock I moved southeast on the Fulton road, encamping at night at Stubbs plantation, fourteen miles from Ripley, and moving again soon after daylight on the morning of the 10th. About 10 a. m. we reached the junction of the Ripley and Fulton and Baldwyn and Ponto- toc roads at Mr. Brices house, six miles from Baldwyn. Just before reaching this pdint my advance struck a small picket ofthe enemy, who attempted to destroy a bridge and fled. Arriving at the forks of the road, I halted and sent heavy patrols on the dilThrent roads. That on the Baldwyn road had scarcely proceeded a mile when they came upon a heavy force of the enemy, and brisk skirmishing ensued. I imme- diately moved Colonel Warings entire brigade~ut upon that road, and engaged the enemy heavily to develop his force. I also moved Colonel Winslows brigade to the forks, and threw a portion of it out on the Fulton road to connect with the right of Waring, and held the re- inainder, about 600 inen,in reserve. I now communicated with Gen- eral Sturgis, and informed him that I had an advantageous positiou and could hold it if the infantry was brought up promptly. The en- emy advanced upon us in large numbers, with double line of skirmish- ers and line of battle, with heavy supports; we succeeded, however, in holding our own and in repulsing with great slaughter three distinct and desperate charges. Upon the arrival of the First Infantry Brigade my First Brigade was withdrawn and mounted, but I was soon after compelled to dismount the greater portion of it for the purpose of meet- ing an assault of the enemy upon our left. Upon the arrival of the bal- ance of the infantry an attempt was made to relieve Colonel Winslows brigade, but at this moment the enemy made a fierce onslaught upon that part of our lines, and it was obliged to remain about an hour longer. Colonel Winslow finally succeeded, however, in withdrawing his command in good order and mounting it, with the exception of the detachments of the Tenth Missouri and Seventh Illinois, which were on the Pontotoc road, and which acted for some time under the direction of Colonel MeMillen, commanding Infantry Division; also, one section of the Fourteenth Indiana Battery, which was continued in action,by order of the general commanding, after the remainder of my command had been withdrawn. Scarcely had I succeeded in mounting and re- forming my command, after their desperate fight of four hours, when the enemy pushed forward in overwhelming numbers and compelled the infantry to fall back in confusion. By direction of General Sturgis I now threw my First Brigade in advance of the retreating forces, with instructions to check the retreat and open the road to the rear, and in person marched with the Second Brigade upon the flank and rear of the forces to Stubbs plantation, where I halted with it, allowing all stragglers and disorganized forces to pass. This brigade was now engaged during the remainder of the expedi- tion in protecting the unarmed and disorganized troops who had been thrown into confusion in the engagement of the 10th. Their ammuni- tion at length becoming exhausted, I drew the Fourth Missouri, detach - ments of the Ninth and Third Illinois, and the Second New Jersey from Warings brigade, which was in advance, and used them to assist Col- onel Winslow in the protection of our rear. We returned to Colhierville, arriving on the 13th, via Ripley and Salem, with men and horses worn out and ammunition entirely expended, having fought the enemy on our rear during the entire retreat. I returned in person to Memphis on the I 5th, having employed two days in rendering allthe assistance in my power in bringing in the worn- out and wounded stragglers who caine within my patrol lines. 9 R RYOL XXXIX, PT Page 130 130 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA.; AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. For full and explicit details of the movements of the several parts of my command I refer to reports of the brigade commanders, herewith in- closed. Iu consequence of the heavy rains which prevailed for nine days the slow movements of the train greatly retarded our progress. On account of the exceeding lack of forage the animals became much exhausted, and about one-half of them are rendered temporarily umiserv- iceable. Since the reports of the brigade commanders were made a number of the missing have returned, and the entire loss in my division will fall short of 300 men. In the early part of tl~e engagement of the 10th the loss of the enemy was exceedingly heavy. Numerous assaults were repulsed, throwing his lines into confusion. During the expedition the officers and soldiers of my command nobly performed their duty, evincing remarkable courage and perseverance, and I mu much indebted to Colonels Waring and Winslow and tIme offi- cers of my personal staff, Capt. S. L. Woodward, assistant adjutant- general, and Lient. A. W. McClure, aide-de-camp, for their valuable aid and support. Col. Joseph Karg6, of the Second New Jersey Cavalry, is also deserving of especial praise for the gallant manner in which he conducted time expedition to Ricuzi. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. H. GRIERSON, Capt. W. C. RAWOLLE, Brigadier-General. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. ADDENDA. IIDQRS. CAVALRY DIVIsIoN, SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Memphis, Tony., June 16, 1864. Officers and Soldiers of the Cavalry Division: Your general congratulates you upon your mioble conduct during the late expedition under Brig. Gemi. S. D. Sturgis. Fighting against over- whelmning numbers, under most adverse circumstances, your prompt obedience to orders amid unflinching courage, commandimmg the admira- tion of all, nmade even defeat almost a victory. For hours, oii foot, you repulsed the charges of the enemys infantry, and again iii the saddle you met his cavalry and turned his assaults into comifusion. Your heroic perseverance saved hundreds of your fellow soldiers from capture and mulmunman treatment fromn a barbarous foe. You have been faithful to your honorable reputations, amid have fully justified the confidence, and merited the high esteem, of your commander. B. H. GIRIEliSON, Brig. Gen., Comdg. Cavalry Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. No. 15. Reports of Col. George F. Waring, Jr., Fourth Missouri Cavalry, com manding First Brigade. llmxRS. FIRST BRIG., CAVALRY DIV., 16TH ARMY CORPS, Whites Station, Teun., June 17, 1864. CAPTAIN: The Fourth Missouri Cavalry, Seventh Indiana Cavalry, Second New Jersey Cavalry, and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, o Page 131 CRAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 131 the brigade under my command, left this camp on the 1st day of June, in pursuance of an order from the headquarters of the Cavalry Division, to join an expedition under Brigadier-General Sturgis. The Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry was detailed as escort to Brigadier-General Sturgis, and on the march a detachment of the Ninth and Third Illinois Cavalry, numbering 200 men, was assigned temporarily to my command, as was a section of the Fourteenth Indiana Battery. Four mountain howitzers accompanied the Fourth Missouri Cavalry. My force for the expedition amounted to about 1,450 mounted men and six pieces of ar- tillery. The command reached La Fayette Station the first day; dis- tance marched, twenty-three miles. June 2, marched at 5 p. In. and went to a point three miles this side of Moscow; distance marched, nine miles. June 3, marched at 7.30 a. m. and proceeded through Early Grove and Lamar to a stream one mile beyond Salem, on the Ruckersyille road, where we encamped. June 4, remained in camp waiting for the remain- der of the expedition to come up. June 5, marched at 4 p. in. and went to Dunbars Mills, on the iRuckersville road; distance marched, thir- teen miles. June 6, marched at 7 a. m. and went to Ruckersville; dis- tance marched, eight miles. June 7, marched at 2 p. in. and went two miles south of Ripley on the New Albany road; distance marched, thir- teen miles. June 8, marched back on the road to the edge of Ripley; distance marched, two miles. June 9, marched at 10 a. m. and went to Stnbbs farm, on the Fulton road; distance marched fourteen miles. June 10, marched at 5 a. m. and went to Brices Cross-Roads; fought a battle and returned to Ripley, arriving there at daylight on the 11th; distance marched, thirty-three miles. June 11, left Ripley at 7 a. m. and retreated via Davis Mills to the State Line road, three miles west of Moscow, reaching there at 2.30 a. in. on the 12th; distance marched, thirty-seven miles. June 12, continued the retreat to Colhierville, and thence to Whites Station, where we arrived at 2 a. in. on the 13th; distance marched, thirty-two miles. Total distance of the expedition, 206 miles. INCIDENTS OF THE EXPEDITION. On the 4th instant Col. Joseph Karg6, of the Second New Jersey Cav- airy, was detached with a force of 200 men from my command and 200 men of the Second Brigade, and sent on a reconnaissance toward Rienzi. As he had not been heard from on the morning of the 8th, Lieutenant-Colonel von llelmrich, Fourth Missouri Cavalry, in com- mand of 500 men of my brigade, was sent to his relief. They both re- joined us that evening. On the afternoon of the 7th the Second Bri- gade was engaged by a small, force of the enemy on the New Albany road, and the Seventh Indiana Cavalry, of my brigade, was sent to re-en- force them. Night coming on the engagement was closed without se- rions resnits, and this regiment returned to camp. On the morning of the 10th my brigade had the advance on the march from Stubbs farm toward Tupelo. At 9 a. in., when we were about six miles out, my ad- vance gnard struck a small picket of the enemy, who fled and tore up a bridge in our front. This was soon repaired, and we proceeded can- tiously. Two miles farther on we found a strong position in our front, on which the enemy had laid down the fences, and apparently prepared for a battle, but for a mile farther on our march we saw nothing of them Page 132 132 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. The battle of Brices Cr088-Roads. At 9.45 a. m. we reached Brices Cross-Roads, about six miles west of Baidwyn Station, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. Here we saw the deeply marked trail of a considerable force of the enemy, and we learned that Forrest and Lee, with their whole commands, had passed there during the preceding two or three days, and gone to Baidwyn; also that the cars had been running to Baidwyn quite frequently. Everythiug indicated that the enemys forces had concentrated at Baldwyn. By order of the general commanding I sent out a squftdrou of the Fourth Missouri Cavalry, under Captain Hanson, to patrol the road, and very soon received information that they were skirmishing with quite a strong picket of the enemy. I took the Ninth and Third Illinois and Second New Jersey, and a section of howitzers, and went to the support of Captain Hai~son, leaving a staff officer to form the remainder of my brigade in line of battle in the edge of a close thicket half a mile east of the cross-roads, facing an open field. My advance had little other good effect than that of affording a~ opportunity to study the character of the ground. We were immediately met by a strong advance of the enemy and were compelled to fall back to our line of battle. The disposition of my command was as follows: On the road were placed the four moumitain howitzers of the Fourth Missouri Cavalry, commanded by Lieutenant Graessle, with the regiment in line, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel von Ilelmrich, on the left. On the left of the Fourth Missouri was stationed a squadron of the Seventh Indiana Cavalry, under Captain Moore. On the right of the battery were~ two battalions of the Seventh Indiana Cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel Browne, with the remainder of the regiment as a reserve. The Second New Jersey Cavalry, under Lieutenant-Col- onel Kitchen, was in reserve in position to re-enforce the right wing should it be endangered. The Ninth and Third Illinois Cavalry, under Captain Mock, were sent to the front of the battery (on lower ground), and placed as skirmishers behind logs and trees. My entire force was dismounted, as the character of the ground would not admit of cavalry movements. This disposition was barely made when the enemy ad- vanced in strong force from. the woods opposite to us, and a heavy en- gagement ensued, which resulted in their repulse. Subsequently they made two other desperate attempts to take our position, one on the left and one on the right of the road. These attacks were exceedingly fierce, each consisting of a double line of skirmishers with an infantry line of battle, and a column of support behind, apparently numbering 4,000 men. The first of these assaults was repulsed; the second one, after a hand-to-hand fight, was successful, and forced back my right, although the whole Second New Jersey and reserve of the Seventh Indiana were brought into action. This was at 2.20 p. m. (the Second Brigade had gone into position somewhat to mny right, facing south at 12 in., and had been mnore or less heavily engaged since that time). After falling back a short distance I succeeded in forming a second limme, which was held until the infantry came up and relieved my command, which was much fatigued and out of ammunition. We then fell back a quarter of a mile on the Ripley road (toward the north), and took position in flu open field, fromn which the men were again dismuounted, and sent to hold tlme left flank, which they succeeded in doing. At 4.30 p. in., our entire force being en gaged, amid the enemy evidently outmmumbering ns very heavily, the order was given to fall back. By order of the general commanding I formed a line between the enemy and our wago Page 133 EXPEDITION INTo MISSISSIPPI. CnA~. LI.] 133 train. The enemy however pressed so closely and our own troops coming from the battle-field were so broken that this line did but little good, and was soon compelled to retreat. On passing the train I saw that, owing tQ the bad condition of the roads aud the disorder of the troops passing it, it would be impossible to save it or the artil- lery, which was behind it. To retain the organization of my own coin- mand I withdrew it beyond the train and formed it in a held. I here received an order from General Stnrgis to go to the front of the retreat- ing colnmn and to force a passage through the enemy, who were attempt- ing to cnt us off. On arriving at the head of the column I fonnd that the Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry had driven back a small force which was attempting to cut off our retreat, and which was said now to be in the woods in front of us. I placed the Fourth Missouri Cavalry, with drawn sabers and revolvers, in front, and ordered them to cut their way through at a trot. They went through without serious oppo- sition and made way for the rest of the command. On the retreat during the next two days the Ninth and Third Illinois, the Fourth Missouri, and the Second New Jersey were successively de- tacheci to cover the rear, which they did satisfactorily and without serious loss, except on the night of the 11th, when the Secoiid New Jersey lost from 50 to 60 men and several officers, who missed the road and were cut off. The two guns and caissons of the Fourteenth Indiana Battery, which had been assigned tomy command, were lost on the field after I had been ordered to withdraw, leaving them with the infantry. The entire howitzer battery of the Fourth Missouri Cavalry was brought safely to camp, a fact which is extremely c~editable to Lieutenant Graessle, who commanded it. The loss of men in my command was as follows: commall(l. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. 4th Missouri cavalry 3 7 8 18 2d New Jersey cavalr3 6 ~ 65 80 7th Indiana cavalry 9 i 16 18 43 19th Pennsylvania cavalry 1 1 27 29 9th Illinois cavalry 3d Illinois cavalry 1 III 3 18 16 37 Total 22 51 134 207 Of this number 16 were commissioned officers, of whom 1 was killed, 6 were wounded, and 9 are missing. Ihave the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. E. WARING, Jm, Colonel Fourth Missouri Cavalry, Commanding. Capt. S. L. WOODWARD, Assistant Adjutant- General. WHITES STATION, June 21, 1864. Number of men returned from missing, 7. Officers killed, wounded, and missing: Lient. Col. G. von Helmrich Fo wounded and prisoner; Lient, Col. , urth Missouri Cavalry, Thomas M. Browne, C apt. Joel H. Elliott, and Lient. James Sloan, Seventil Indiana Cavalry, wounded; Lient. T. It. Murray, Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, wounded; Capt. Charles C. Reily, Second New Jersey Cavalry, killed; Secon Page 134 134 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. ~I4A. [CHAP. LI. Lient. Stever C. Schwartz, Lieut. Adrian S. Appleget, Lient. Lewis Rainear, Lient. L. Henry Siuith, Lient. Julius von Rudoiphi, Lient. Sigismund you Braida, and Asst. Siirg. John L. Krauter, all of Second New Jersey Cavalry, missing. GEG. E. WARING, Jn., Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Captain WOODWARD, Assistant Adjutant- Ueueral. No. 16. Report of Lient. Col. Thomas lit. Browne, Sereuth Indiana Carairy. llnQns. SEVENTH INDIANA VOLUNTEER CAVALRY, Camp at Whites Station, June 16, 1864. I herewith respectfully submit the following report of the Seventh Indiana Volunteer Cavalry as to the part taken by it in the late expe- dition of General Sturgis to Brices Cross-Roads, Miss., and the engage- ment that ensued at that place: The regiment 350 strong, in command of Maj. S. E. W. Simonson, joined the expedition at this camp on the morning of the 1st instant. It proceeded without serious interruption to Salem, Miss., at which place I overtook the command on the afternoon of the 4th instant. Nothing occurred of particular interest beyond the usual incidents of scouting and foraging nutil our arrival at Ripley on the evening of the 7th instant, at which place the advance of General Sturgis was fired upon by a small party of rebels, but they, being charged, fled precipi- tately through the town and some two miles to the south of it, where, securing an advantageous position on the crest of a hill, which could only be approached by passing over a narrow causeway, they made a stand and for a short time obstinately contested a farther advance. A portion of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry having engaged them in a spirited skirmish of an hours duration, and having failed to drive the enemy, this regiment was forwarded from the rear of the Cavalry Division to the front. We moved forward at once, but met the dismounted horses of the Iowa regiment on the bridge coming to the rear, which fact delayed for a few moments our advance. Arriving on the ground we were ordered to take a position on the left of the road and to move from thence forward and carry the hill. The ground upon the left was of such a character, from washes and ditches, that it was impossible to maneuver the regiment mounted. The regiment was at once formed in line, the men dismounted and moved forward to the hill, occupying it., the enemy retiring at our approach without firing upon us. It was now dark; I sent General Grierson information of the situation of affairs, and by his order retired. On the 8th instant we proceeded, with the Fourth Missouri Cavalry, to Ruckersville to the relief of Colonel Karg~. Meeting the colonel with his command a short distance beyond that place we returned, re- joining our forces on the same day at Ripley, where we camped for the night. On the 10th instant, at Brices Cross-Roads, Captains Branham and Shoemaker were sent forward by Colonel Warings order, with fifty men, on the Tupelo road to ascertain, if possible, the whereabouts of the enemy. While they were absent the enemy was discovered in force amid i Page 135 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 135 position but a short distance from us on the left-hand road. The cavalry forces were moved into position. This regiment was placed, by direc- tion of Colonel Waring, ou the right of the road, supporting the bat- tery of the Fourth Missouri Cavalry, which was upou our immediate left. The position was well selected, being in the edge of a grove, on elevated ground, in the rear of a fence, and having a large open field be- tween us and the enemy. Over this open space the enemy would have to pass to attack us. The regiment was dismounted and placed in the rear of the fence, and skirmishers thrown out into the open field in front. The enemy occupied a very strong position on a wooded hill, immedi- ately in front of which was a swamp, so that to have attacked them with a cavalry force only would have been disastrous. We awaited them in our position, our skirmishers and the battery in the mean time keeping up a very lively fire. Colonel Waring instructed me to hold the position occupied by ns to the last extremity. The men were di- rected to lay close to the fence and to reserve their fire until the enemy should be at short range. While this was taking place quite a demon- stration was made by the enemy upon the extreme left, and by order of the colonel commanding, Capt. John M. Moore, with Company H of this regiment, was ordered to that point. Soon after the Second New Jersey Cavalry, which was upon onr right, was moved to another position, leaving this command on the extreme right of the First Cavalry Brigade. At 1.30 p. in., and after we had held this position some two hours and a half the enemy approached onr front and right in heavy force. They had two lines of skirmishers and a line of infantry supporting them. In a moment I discovered that the position could not be long held by us without re-enforcements, as they would overwhelm us with numbers. At this time my command only numbered about 280, one-fourth of whom were holding horses. I dispatched an orderly to the colonel commamid- ing asking that a force be sent to my right, but was informed in reply that lie had already disposed of every available man in the brigade, and that to give me assistance was impossible. By this time the enemy were advancing rapidly and attempting to turn our right. The regi- ment was rallied to the right and soon the conflict became desperate. Bnt a few yards intervened between their line and ours, and, indeed, so close did they approach us that our men in a few instances employed the butts of their carbines in resisting their advance. At this point the enemy suffered severely, as we could see mnany of themn fall before our fire. It soon became evidentthat we were beingfianked on our right, and that to hold our position mnuch longer would be impossible. We had maintained our ground for near three hours, and the enenmys fire at such short range had become nmnrderons. As our infantry were coin- ing mip and going into position we were ordered to fall back, which we did in tolerable order. While this was transpiring on the right the force of Captain Moore was by no means idle. He was constantly engaged skir- nmishing with the enemny until he re~joined the regiment near the wagon train in the rear of the cross-roads. Upon leaving the field at the cross- roads, feeling too weak to continue longer in command, I turned it over to Major Simonsomi, to whose judgment, coolness, amid bravery, both on the field and in the subsequent retreat, I am greatly indebted. Upon falling back upon the Itipley road Major Simonson was directed to take the regiment amid rejoin the brigade at the rear. Arriving at the bri- gade, by Colonel Warings order two battalions, under the command of Captains Wright and Hubbard, were dismounted and thrown forward in line on the crest of a hill to the left of the road. The remaining bat- talion, in command of Captain Ryan, was ordered to the left to hold th Page 136 [CHAP. LI. i~3 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. enemy in cheek and prevent his passing our left flank to our rear. Ju this position the command was constantly skiimishing for about an hour, when it was ordered to horse, under a heavy fire. From this position it marched about one mile to the rear and again formed, by General Griersons order, on the left. It remained in this position until the in- fantry came up, when it was ordered to fall back. It then took up the march in the rear of the brigade and arrived at Ripley at daylight the next morning. Halting there a short time to rest, it was placed in the advance and moved for Memphis. With the residue of our forces it marched all that day and night, the rear being constantly harassed by the enemy, and arrived safely at Collierville on the morning of the 12th instant. I can not speak in terms of too high commendation of the conduct of the officers and men of this command in this engagement. To name some, when all did their duty so well, woul dbeunjust. Of the line officers Capt. J. H. Elliott, of Company M, and First Lient. James Sloan, of Company E, were seriously wounded while gallantly en- gaging the enemy. 1 regret deeply that we were unable to bring Cap; tam Elliott back to camp, but hope that he may yet be brought safely to the command. Our loss is as follows: Killed, 8; wounded, 16; missing, 17; a list of whom I have heretofore forwarded. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. M. BROWNE, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Lient. A. VEZIN, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 17. Report of Col. Edward F. Winslow, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, commanding & cond Brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRiG., CAVALRY Div., 16TH ARMY Cones, Memphis, June 15, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following account of oper- ations of my command during the late expedition under Brigadier- General Sturgis: This brigade went out on the 1st of June instant with 1,489 officers and men, distributed as follows, viz: Third Iowa Cavalry, 535; Fourth Iowa Cavalry, 706; Tenth Missouri Cavalry, 146, and Seventh Illinois Cavalry, 102. Two 6-pounder rifled guns were attached to the Tenth Missouri, besides which Captain Lee, with two guns of the Seventh Wisconsin Battery, reported to me at Collierville. The command gnarded the supply train and artillery as far as La Fayette Station, thirty-three miles from this city, arriving at 9 a. in. on the 2d instant, having bivouacked at Collierville the previous night. In company with the First Brigade we moved by easy marches to Salem, where the Seventh Illinois and 100 men of the Tenth Missouri were directed to report to Colonel Karg6, Second New Jersey Cavalry, for a recon- naissance toward Corinth. These detachments rejoined tIme counnand three days thereafter just beyond Ripley, having made very severe marches with little rest or feed. At Ripley, on the evening of the 7th instant, the advance, one com- pany of the Third and two companies of the Fourth Iowa, had a sligh Page 137 CHA?. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 137 skirmish with a portion of Bells (rebel) brigade, in which we lost 1 man killed and 3 wounded, 2 of whom were captured by the enemy. The enemy left 0 men dead -on the ground. On the morning of the 10th instant the enemy was met in force at Brices Cross-Roads, twenty-three miles from Ripley arid abont six miles from the railroad. My command, by order of Brigadier-General Grier- son, was placed in position to defend the Fulton and Pontotoc roads, which occasioned the following disposition of forces at 12.30 p. in., viz: Third Iowa, Lieutenant-Colonel Noble commanding, and eight companies of the Fourth Iowa, Major Pierce commanding, on the Fulton road, dis- mounted and in line half a mile from the intersection of the roads. Our left joined the right of the First Brigade, the two commands forming a quarter of a circle and covering the Baldwyn arid Fulton roads. Skir- mishers were deployed well to the front of my command. The Tenth Mis- souri and Seventh Illinois, in all 200 men, were thrown forwrard to protect our extrenre right via the Pontotoc road, while the four rifled guns were. held in position at the cross-roads to defend each approach. At the same time four companies of the Fourth I~wa, Captain Pee commanding, were sent back to the rear to communicate with the train, and took position with it for the purpose of defense. Requesting the general command- ing the division to take charge of my artillery and commnnnicate any courmands to me at the front, I proceeded to the line on the Fuiton road, and remained with my troops in position until twice or(lered back by Brigadier General Sturgis. At the moment of receiving the first order to fall back the enenry had fiercely attacked the infantry which had been sent to my relief under Colonel MeMillen, and I (leelned it best to hold my troopers in support. I inlme(liately informed the general corn- manding of my action and asked further instructions. Being again ordered to the rear I withdrew my command and directed the regimental comnianders to mount and move to the west side of the ereek,~which was three-quarters of a mile in the rear of our line of battle. Though fiercely assailed by the enemy, who advanced steadily, I could have held our original position had not the retirement of Colonel Warings com- mand obliged inc to fall back in order to keep up comnmunication to the left. At the time we were relieved by the infantry the line had retired about 400 yards. At the request of the general commanding expedition I directed the detachments of the Seventh Illinois aiid Tenth Missouri, who had been forced to retire from their position on the Pontotoc road, to dismount, send their horses west of the creek, and assist in repelling the attacks of the enemy on our extreme rio-lit. The Third Iowa having mounted and proceeded over the bridge, which I had directed to be re- paired at the commencement of the engagement, I left orders for my guns and the Fourth iowa to follow, amid proceeded with the general commanding the division toward the rear. I halted the Third Iowa about one-third of a mile west of the creek, ammd formed in column of squadrons, with intent to protect the train, which in the mean time had commenced crossing to the east of the creek. A shell bursting near where General Grierson and myself were standing gave me the first in- tiniation of defeat, and I immediately galloped to the front to look after the Seventh Illinois, Tenth Missouri, and Fourth Iowa Regiments, find- ing all the way to the bridge one indiscrinminate mass of wagons, artil- lery, caissons, amubulances, and broken, disordered troops. The Fourth Iowa was forced to dismount at the bridge and take position on a smnall hill at the front to check the enenmy while their horses passed the creek. Two infantry regiments which were retreating in disorder were by this maneuver saved from destruction or capture. The enemy now vigor Page 138 138 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. tCHAP. Lt ously shelled with our OWII guns the tlismonnted men and the bridge. The infantry had relieved my command at the froiit and original ground at 3 p. in., and in less than half an hour it became necessary to dismount the Fourth Iowa and hold in check the enemy while the horses of that regiment, the Seventh Illinois, and Tenth Missouri crosse(l the creek. I put my command in the saddle in pursuance to orders front the general commanding division, a~nd ~ndingiio order, no attempted efforts to reorganize the retreating troops, I took up a line of march for the new front, moving through the woods parallel to the road, now full of the debris of a routed army. About three miles from the battle-field I formed my command in close column with the intention of making a defense, but finding from the nature of the country and the disorder of our army that it could not be done without losing my horses, and re- ceiving at this time an order from the general commanding division to act as I thought best, I resumed my march toward Stubbs plantation. Very shortly afterward 1 overtook the general commanding expedition, who requested me to proceed at once toward Ripley and endeavor to check the retreat of the army. ~ asked him if Stubbs would do; he said admirably, when I at once gained the front of everything, except the First Brigade of cavalry, which had gone on in advance, and formed my command in such manner as to prevent any further movement to- ward Ripley. I reported to General Sturgis, on the ground and in per- son, my dispositions, and that my command was intact, and had been. He directed me to open the road, allow all to go by, and to see that no impediment to the retreat existed; amid asked me to take the rear of the command with my brigade, as I had tIme only organized force in the army. He said he would try to reorganize his troops just beyond Ripley, if possible; that his artillery and train had gone to hell, and if got through the swamp two miles east, it could not be eventually saved for want of forage. He also told me to direct the abandonment of all things which could not be got along, and ordered Colonel MeMil- len to leave a staff officer to help me organize for the defense of the rear any command with their officers which should come along; at the same time telling me that it would be useless to attempt to use small squads or commands not properly officered. I accordingly remained in position at that point from 9 p. in. until 2.30 oclock next morning. During this interval Colonel Thomas, of [Ninety-third Indian a] Infan try, Captain Lee, of the Seventh Wisconsin Battery, and many other officers coming from the swamp, had reported to nie that the swamp at the headwaters of the Hatchie was completely choked and clogged with abandoned guns, caissons, wagons, ambulances, and dead amPinals, so much so that it would be impossible for any such property to be got through; hence I had, in obedience to instructions from General Sturgis, directed the saving of ammimnals and memi, and the destruction of all property aban- doned, so fur as possihhe. From here I sent an officer of the Third Iowa back to the swamp to report on the condition of matters, and inform me when all the troops had got by. 1-lis report confirmned that of all the other officers. He had failed to discover the remnn ant of the infuntry brigade which was in the rear of the train. Thus command is entitled to munch praise, amid I learn that it has returned somewhat in unity to Memphis, havimug taken the Ruckersville road from Ripley, in company with six companies of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry, which, under command of Captain Woods, Company L, was cut off from the main command at Ripley and came through safely to Collierville, arriving about 11 a. in. on the 12th instant. Believing all the troops had passed, I moved toward Ripley at 2.30 a. ni. on the 11th, having directed ~i portion o Page 139 CHAP. LI.] I~XPEDITION IN1?O MISSISSIPPi. 139 the One hund~ed and twentieth Illinois Infantry, which was the oniy organized force I saw, to move in front of my cavalry. Having pro- ceeded about seven miles, I learned that the remnant of an infantry brigade was in my rear. I halted and allowed it to pass. Shortly thereafter the enemy, coming up, assailed my rear guard, and on our arrival at Ripley attacked us in rear and on both flanks iu consider- able force. The general commanding division, being with me from Stubbs,is conversant with all our movements thereafter, and can fully appreciate the character of the severe engagement at Ripley, and for five miles on this side. At one time (this side of Ripley, Third Iowa in the rear) some confusion was for fifteen minutes created in my column by the enemy charging my rear guard, when we were nearly out of ammunition. Two companies of the Fourth Iowa, nuder Captain Abraham, of that regiment, aided by a portion of the Third Iowa, succeeded in checking the enemy. The enemy followed in force to a creek five miles from Ripley. ilenceforward there was little difficulty in the rear, though nmy entire command was out of ammunition. The Second New Jersey Cavalry, Colonel Karg6 commanding, was now drawn from the First Brigade (which was in front) and assigned the rear, our animals and men being nearly exhausted. Marching con- tinually without rest or forage until 9 a. m. on the 12th instant, Collier- ville was reached. Here the command was rested until about dark, when on some rumor that the enemy were coming the men and animals, exhausted by forty-eight hours fighting and marching, were again hurried forward to Whites Station, seventeen miles, notwithstanding 2,000 fresh infantry had joined ns at Cohlierville. Captain Neet, coin- manding detachment of Tenth Missouri, had been directed by me while at Stubbs to proceed to Ripley, together with Captain Joyce, of the same regiment, commanding the battery of two guns. On their arrival at Ripley they were ordered by General Sturgis to push through to Memphis. This command had been nearly dismounted by the severe marching, nuder Colonel Karg~, toward Corinth. Captain Neet is a brave officer of energy and perseverance. Captain Joyce saved his guns, though they were the firsu and last in position on the field of battle, and deserves the highest meed of praise for gallantry, energy, and determination. Captain Lee, of the Seventh Wisconsin Battery, took into Ripley time only other gun brought through the swamp, but his horses giving out he was forced to abandon it at that point. Ma,j. M. H. Williams, Tenth Missouri Cavalry, rendered very valuable services, and on every occasion was cool, brave, and possessed of ad- mirable judgment. I request the general commanding division to give him special mention for his good couduct and gallantry, aimd especially for services of the Imighest character on the field of battle and on the retreat through Ripley. Forage was very scarce, amid only secured by searching the country for miles along the line of march After the 6th instant the animals were not supplied with more than half rations grain, and during the last two days noue was secured, thou gh the labor of the horses was exceedingly severe. Our animals are munch reduced, badly jaded, and maimy of them troubled with sore backs, rendering theum temporarily unserviceable. The contimmuous rain added to this evil. The conduct of the entire command was creditable in the highest de- gree. That portion dismounted at Brices repulsed the enemy three times, with severe loss. The men were at no time defeated or driven from ground which they were ordered to hold Page 140 140 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. The gallant conduct of Lieutenant-Colonel Noble an4 Major Pierce, conunanding regiments, is especially worthy of mention. To their efforts I am indebted for the good order and conduct of their respective coin- mand s. Major Jones, Captain Curkendall, Third Iowa, Captains Dee, Woods, and Abraham, Fourth Iowa, commanding battalions, I recommend for bravery, coolness, and attention to orders. I respectfully call your attention to the following table of casualties and losses. The officers and men who suffered did so at their posts and in the performance of their duty, nnshrinking, and with patriotic courage and feeling: Rifled. woosided M~s~usg Lost. a-~ -j ------____ a-. ~ ~ a Command. ,~s ~ ~ w~a .~ S ~ wc~ a a a a -~ a o~a ~ a ~ ~ .3dIowa cavalry 5 19 1 19 41 1 44 84 44 121 12,450 100 39,550 325 4th Iowa Cavalry 7 9 1 28 2 24 . 56, 000 i 7.3 36, 950 300 10th Missoori Cavalry 12 5 55 2 49 55 8, 214 350 7thWisconsinBattery 2 2 1 Total 12 40 2 52 118 1 ~9 189 68 121 68,45012 2~ 228 84,714 I have received no report from Seventh Illinois Cavalry. Respectfully submitted by your obedient servant, E. F. WINSLOW, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. S. L. WOODWARD, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Cavalry Division, 16th Army Corps. No. 18. Report of Lient. Col. John liT. Noble, Third Iowa Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS THIRD IOWA CAVALRY, Memphis, Teun., June 15, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to report, through you to my immediate coin- mnander, that, in pursuance of orders I left on the 1st instant with camp 510 men, fully umounted, armed, and equipped, commanded by twenty- live officers, and accompanied by two ambulances and three wagons, nuiting with the rest of the Second I8rigade 011 tile Germantown road about six Iniles from Memphis. We advanced to Collierville the same day, encamping there at sundown amid a great rain-storm, the first of an almost continuous shower for the rest of six (lays. Our march from thence to La Fayette, Salem, IR uckersville, and Ripley, from tIme 3d to 7th, was uninterrupted save by the rains and the necessity of search- ing in all directions for forage. From there on, from other causes, how- ever, mnch of the nmarching was required to be done by ilight, and the caumps necessarily taken wherever chance decided. On the afternoon of the 7th, when we had advanced about two miles beyond Ripley, and while the brigade was going into camp, Company C, of this regiment, was ordered to tbe front, by the brigade commander Page 141 CHAP. LI.j EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 141 for forage, and unexpectedly became engaged with all enemy of very considerable strength, and which I have reason to believe was a column of rebel cavalry hastening to join the main force, which we met on the 10th. Captain Wilson and Lientenant Lynch, of Company C, at once charged the enemy gallantly with their company, first monnted and then dismounted, and drove in the squadrons which had been sent against them. On coining in sight of the main body, my men formed a line and alone maintained the fight nntil re-enforced by squadrons of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry and Companies E and F of this regiment, under Captains Spencer and Crail, respectively. It having been deter- mined by the general commanding division not to give battle at this time, Company C was ordered to retire, and a portion of the line on the right of Companies F~ and F retiring they also were withdrawn, after having been under a severe fire for half an hour. A new line was formed half a mile nearer camp, and maintained until after dark, when all the line returning to c~~iup, the enemy passed, seemingly more de- sirous to unite with his own army than to annoy ns at that time. The loss of my companies here was: Company C, 1 horse wounded; Coin- pany E, 1 man wounded, 3 horses killed and 2 horses wounded; Coin- pany F, 1 man killed and 1 horse killed. In all, 1 man killed~ 1 man wounded, 4 horses fulled and 3 horses wounded. After this, on the 8th and 9th, we advanced with the rest of the cav- alry toward Guntown or I3aldwyn. The want of sufficient forage be- gan to affect our horses very perceptibly, and the difficulty in obtaining the small amount in the country about us was now increased by the presence of the enemy. On the morning of the 9th a foraging party of this command was tired into by a guerrilla band concealed in the brush. Private George W. lihoads, C oinpany B, mortally wounded. lie died the same day, and was buried on the line of march. His horse, equipments, and arms were saved. The last forage of any kind what- ever this command received or obtained was at Stubbs plantation on the evening of the 9th. On the morning of the 10th we left camp at about 7 a. in., this regiment following immediately after the wagons and led horses, & c., of the First Brigade Cavalry, which brigade had the advance. At about six miles from Stubbs plantation we crossed a swamp, or bayou, very difficult of passage, amid which was not bridged. A man on horseback found great difficulty in getting over, and one horse of this commamid was suffocated in the nuid. When approaching Brices Cross-Roads, at 11 a. in., this command went into line of battle, by battalion, on the right of the main road, and soon after the artillery opened in front. We then advanced beyond Brices (such, I understand, is the name of the corners near the field of battle) the distance of aboat 500 yards, and, as ordered, I placed one battalion in line, mounted, on the right of the road (leading to Guntown), and one battalion, also mounted, under Major Jones, on the left of the road, and sent two squadrons, under Captain Brown, to the front on the road a mile, as a picket. I at once made communication by patrol with the right fiamik of the First Brigade, and soon after the battalion under Major Jones was ordered to close up on Colonel Warings right. By this movement my command was separated and the line interrupted until the gap was filled by a portion of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry. The cavalry was then. dismoufited and the horses at once sent to the rear. By pickets and skirmishers I was informed of the advance upomi our front of a heavy column of the enemy, and soomi after the battalion under Major Jones, composed of Companies F, G, II, amid I, caine under fire and held the enemy in check for from three-quarters to an hour. Corn Page 142 142 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA [CHAP. LI. pany I, under Captain Stanton, was the most exposed of my squadrons. The Fourth Iowa Cavalry was also engaged at this time. On the left of this brigade the enemy was driven back three different times, and several of his officers were killed while urging their men forward; two are known to have fallen on the field. Occasional firing occurred also on the right wifig of my command, and they were also subjected at this time to a severe shelling from the rebel batteries. The bombs exploded among my men, but fortunately inflicted no permanent injury, although several men were temporarily disabled from the dirt and rubbish thrown upon them. My chief trumpeters horse was here shot from under him, and I lost his services for the rest of the expedition. The First Brigade was at this time retired from their position and this ne- cessitated a similar movemetit by my squadrons on the left, who at once, however, formed another line with the Fourth Iowa Cavalry. At this juncture my whole command was relieved by regiments of infantry, and were retiring when the infantry became engaged. We formed a new line immediately in their rear rather than in appearance leave them in an emergency. After the order being received for us to retire to onr horses, this regiment did so in the best order panics and formino a column of , mounting by coin- squadrons. The contest in the field and in line lasted but a short time after this, and the enemy was hotly pressing his victory. The infantry was filing past us in great numbers, the train was turned to the rear, and it became necessary for us to take a second position, monnted, to protect the retreating column. A column of squadrons was again formed facing the enemy, who failed to attack with small-arms, but finally opened upon this regiment a heavy cannonade of round shot and shell. These fell around my men, wounding a number, but causing not the least disorder. By order we moved far- ther to the rear, something near half a mile, and again formed in squadrons faced to the enemy, who kept at a distance and used the artillery only. Our own artillery was being retired and did not protect us, and after holding our position for some time we were ordered to re- tire, which we did in the best order, not an officer or soldier being out of his place. Night soon closed in and we rested at Stubbs plantation for the first time. The greatest difficulty was found in recrossing the bayou, or swami), in our rear, and in it were caught most of the artil- lery and trains of the army. Arriving at Stubbs plantation, on our camping-ground of the night previous, we rested from about 11 p. m. to 2 a. in., when we again moved toward Ripley, holding the rear. After daylight two squadrons were sent by me to the rear a mile, and a line formed by battalion to support them, b-hen the few infantry who had not already past us were brought up and sent forward. Just after this the enemy began to assail us with great determination, and it was only by the greatest energy and courage my squadrons, Companies L, NI, and A united, under Captain Brown, amid Company B, under Cap- tam De Huff, were able to hold the bridge leading to Ripley. They did so, however, until relieved by the Fourth Iowa Cavalry, who now took the rear. In this defense Company L had 1 man wounded, Coin- pany A 1 man wounded, and Company B 3 horses shot. My regi- ment now accompanied General Grierson to Ripley, by his personal cwders. Arriving at Ripley, the distance of about a mile, I found the infantry filling the streets of the town, some moving ~ne way and some another, and at once was notified that the enemy was about to attack on the left and to prepare for him. I formed in a column of squadrons, faced to the rear immediately, and at the same time was ordered to support the Fourth Iowa Cavalry, then in action Page 143 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 143 Deploying a batFalion into line, I ordered it to the rear, and at the same time pushed another battalion in column to hold the road of retreat for the other troops. My advance in line was nnder severe fire and over fields brokeii by high fences and deep ditches, bnt officers and men were cool and kept a good and steady line. The enemy was checked and the position held until his object attained General Grier- son ordered me to retire. To retire at this point was a matter of no little difficulty, for the enemy, having no resistance elsewhere, were flanking us as well as pressing from the rear. Their fire was redoubled as we moved again upon the road. I, in this stand, lost Lieutenant Miller, Company 1~, who fell mortally wounded, bravely fighting and facing the foe, also Corporal Gilchrist, Company C, killed, with other wounded mentioned in accompanying report. I think it can be~claimed with justice that by this effbrt of my command much relief was given to our fellow-soldiers of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry, and to the infan- try regiments who were retiring from Ripley, and I have the satisfac- tion of knowiii g that the enemy did not escape without l)unishment. His flag was seen to fall three times under our fire, and mn any of his men were killed and wounded. The column passing on without stop- ping, my orders required me to continue on, making such resistance as possible to hold the enemy in check. To hold the rear of a rapidly retreating column against a superior and assailing enemy now became the task of my regiment, and resulted in considerable loss to us. Companies I and K were thrown to the rear and taken comumamid of by Major Jones. A column of the enemy advancing through the surroummd- ing thickets caine upon theni while they were gallantly holding another regiment at bay, charging them suddenly; after much resistance, by overpowering numbers, captured niost of those who are reported in the accompanying tables. Some squadrons of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry aided my command at this time, and may have shared in the loss. The enemy, mounted on much fresher horses than ours, felt confident of capturing or ronting the whole column. The confusion he was able to create was slight and of short duration; platoon after platoon was throwim out ri gut and left along our road, and facing to the rear pre- sented fromit to the rebels. The nature of the ground aided, as the road led along a ridge with hills and gullies on either hand. This method of (lefeilse was continued throughout the morning and after- noon. A cavalry force of our men and an iimfantry command finally appeared in our rear and gave my regiment temporary relief but the enemy still pressing, the cavalry failed to hold their place, and a por- tion of the infantry [was] thrown into confusion and captured. Colonel Thomas, commanding the infantry, applied to me for relief and I imnine- diately formed another battalion line, supporting it with several squad- rons placed at advantageous points. The infantry left passed through mny line, and I was once more contending with the advance of the enemy. The duty was severe, and, in view of what had already been performed, somewhat unexpected, but as it had been assumed to help them it was persevered iu without complaint as long as strength was left to resist. I was finally relieved by the Fourth Iowa Cavalry, aimd they by the Second New Jersey. After this this command was not again umider fire. The rest of this day the column advanced without food or rest, except a short halt at evening, when, the enemy approach- in g, the column was again put in motion and the mnarchi continued through the night and next morning to La Fayette. Halting here until noon we procee(led to Collierville where we met re-enforceinents amid obtained somne forage. At dark we were again marched in advance o Page 144 144 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. the First Brigade, the infantry following in rear to Germantown, at which point the First Brigade took the advance and proceeded to camp. We followed soon after, marching all night and bivouacking at Whites Station at daylight. Here this regiment was required to furnish 100 of the best of its already exhausted horses to return on duty to Collier- ville; with the remainder I arrived her& the same day at sunset. The 100 meu detached have since come in. I refer to the accompanying tables* for a more definite statemeiit of my losses in this most unfortunate expedition, in which my command labored so hard and fought so well. My officers and men behaved universally so well that I cannot make much distinction among them, but for their aid in getting a new line to face the enemy at one particular emergency I deem Captain Curken- dall and Lieutenant McKee worthy of particular notice. Major Jones was constantly at his post and did all a brave and good officer could. If occasion offers I hope to bring the merits of others of these brave men more prominently forward than I can do now. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, JOHN W. NOBLE, Lieutenant- Colonel. Lient. A. HODGE, Acty. Asst. Adjt. Gen., iSeeond Brigade, Cavalry Division. No. 19. Report of Maj. Abial R. Pierce, Fourth Iowa Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH IOWA CAVALRY, Memphis, Tenn., July 4, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Fourth Iowa Cavalry Regiment in an expedition commanded by General Sturgis, from Memphis, Teun., to Guntown (or Tishomingo Creek): The regiment marched from Memphis June 1, 1864. June 7 had a heavy skirmish at Ripley, Miss.; lost 1 man prisoner and several slightly wounded. June 9 camped at Stubbs plantation. June 10 marched at 4 a. m. At 11 a. in. the advance encountered the enemy, nuder command of General Forrest, near Tishomingo Creek. The infantry and artillery were five or six miles in the rear. I was or- dered to take the regiment to the front dismounted. I formed my line near Brices Cross-Roads. The enemy was in very thick brush. I could not tell the exact position of the enemys line. My line was not parallel with that of the enemy, but at an angle of nearly 45 degrees, the left being near the enemy. I had moved forward but a short distance when the enemy fired a volley into Company C, on the left, by which Lieutenant Dillon and many others of the company were severely wounded. The left of the regiment was obliged to fall back. I then formed the regiment from the right parallel with the enemys front. As I heard the enemy advancing through the brush I ordered the regiment to lie close to the ground. They charged us twice in this position, but were driven back with heavy loss. We lay here about two hours within sixty yards of the enemy,the brush being so thick that we could not see them. The infantry now c~iue up, but they had been so hurried through the heat that onlya s~nall part of the com- mand was able to keep up. On their arrival I was ordered back to the ~Not found, but ~ec Wiu~1ows report, p. 140 Page 145 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 145 horses, and the regiment mounted and formed in close column, squad- ron front, waiting orders. I soon saw our men coming in full retreat, the enemy close in their rear. The enemy had captured two pieces of artillery, which had been sent forward, and turned them on us, and I was now in range of their fire, and entirely cut off from the ford above the bridge by the retreating teams, which had for some cause continued to move toward the front. The bridge was blockaded with broken- down teams, and the steep banks of the creek in niy immediate rear rendered it impossible to cross with horses. I ordered the men to dis- mount and rush for a little eminence in our front, and never have I seen a military command executed as quickly; every man saw the situ- ation and acted accordingly. We held the entire force of the enemy from this point for more than thirty minutes. The bridge was cleared and every horse crossed over the creek, while we kept up a continual fire on the enemy, keeping them back till all our infantry that was in sight had crossed the creek and we were nearly surrounded. The regiment then retreated across the creek and mounted the horses. Everything now seemed in confusion. I formed the regiment in close column. The Third amid Fourth Iowa Cavalry were all the troops I saw intact. The other troops were rushing past in confasiomi. I soon received orders from Colonel Winslow, commanding our brigade, to pass the re- treating column as fast as possible until I reached its head, and then stop every man. I did not succeed in passing all the troops until we arrived at Stubbs plantation, where I formed my men and commenced halting the troops. I soon received orders to let them all pass. The Third and Fourth Cavalry remained at this place until about 3 a. in. June 11, when most of the troops had passed. The artillery and wagons had mostly been abandoned some muiles back in a bad swamp. Sooii after moving out the enemy canie up, and we had a hard fight all the way back, the enemy charging our rear often. At Ripley the en- emy came in on different roads and made a great effort to break our rear by repeated charges. The regiment was all engaged in Ripley. I formed a line across the town and fell back slowly and in good order, although we were pressed hard at some points. Wheim we came to the timber on the north side of the town six companies took the road lead- ing north. We came in on this road when we were advancing. The other six companies followed the command which took the road leading west from town. Soon after leaving Ripley the enemy succeeded in breaking through some comupanies of the Third and Fourth by a charge on the flank through the timber, but were soon checked by Companies D and 0- of the Fourth, commanded by Captain Abraham amid Lieu- tenant Keck. Had not the enemy been checked at this poimit we must have lost the most of our command. Our rear companies rushed past the column iii great confusion, followed by the enemy, who were yell- ing like demons. When I saw the rear give way I pushed forward until I found a place where I could form two companies, but it was with the greatest difficulty that the line could be held against our own troops, which were rushing past in such disorder. The enemy came on with colors flying, and but few yards in rear of our men. The two companies met them with a volley, their colors went down, men and horses were piled upon each other, the road was blockaded; never did I see men and officers stand a charge more gallantly than did these two companies. Two of their number fell dead, but the lesson taught the enemy was a good one, for they were very careful how they again charged our rear. The day was very hot. The soldiers had eaten 10 R RYOL XXXIX, PT Page 146 146 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. nothing since the morning of the 10th. They had been marched up five or six miles on the double-quick to the fight, and were soon defeated and turned on the retreat. They were without rations; many had thrown away or destroyed their arms, and all the infantry near The rear had reduced their clothing as much as possible, hoping to keep in advance of the rear guard; but the general in command was leading the retreat so rapidly that I was obliged to leave hundreds every mile who were unable longer to keep up. Our horses, too, were fast giving out, and I could not get more than ten men from a company with horses able to overtake the command after stopping to check the ad- vancing rebels. With such a small force it was not safe to remain far from the main column, so about 2 p. in. I started for the front. We were then leaving men very fast, who could keep up ~vith ordinary marching, but were unable to keel) up while marching as fast as we were. I asked General Sturgis if he would not march the column slower, as it was impossible to keep a well-organized rear guard while it was marching so rapidly, as we were losing all our infantry who were unable to keep up. The general ordered a halt, and we had a lit- tle rest. It was near night, and Colonel Karg6, commanding Second New Jersey Cavalry, was sent to take the rear, but he soon sent word that the enemy were pressing him, and the march was at once resumed and continued all night. We arrived at Collierville, Teun., about 10 a. m. of June 12. To this place time railroad was in running order and 2,000 troops had arrived. there from Memphis with supplies for men amid horses. The dismounted men and what infantry had succeeded in getting through were taken to Memphis on the cars. About 12 oclock the six companies which were cut off at Ripley came in, under comumand of Captain Woods, and reported that the eneuiy hmad not troubled them after leaving Rip- ley. We considered ourselves perfectly safe here with the re-enforce- mnemit of fresh troops from Memuphis, but the gemieral did not so consider it. Soon after sundown we received orders to mnarch. We left Collier- yule about 9 p. mu., and arrived at Whites Station seventeen miles, be- fore daylight. This was the third night without sleep, and my men and horses were very tired. About sunrise I received orders to send 250 men back to Collierville to protect a train which was going to Colhiervihle for a lot of our infantry who had conic in soon after we heft. I sent all the men and horses that were able to go, under command of Captain Huff, of Company A. I have no means at the present timne of knowing the exact number of killed, wounded, aimd umissing in umy command, but it was heavy. I am sorry to hiave to say that the officers and men of umy command have no confidence in the general comnumanding the expedition. I should be happy to muention in this report the names of all the offi- cers and mnen who are entitled to special notice, but in so doing I should have to name most of my command. The battalion commanders, Cap- tain Woods, Captain Dee, and Captain Abraham deserve much credit for their personal i)ravery on the field before the retreat, and the prompt manner in which they handled their commands in guarding the rear after the retreat; also Lieutenant Woodruff acting adjutant of the regiment, for his promptness in clearing the bridge over Tishomingo Creek and removimi g our horses from imumediate danger. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. II. PIERCE, N. B. RAKER, Major, Commanding Regiment, Adjatant~ (#encral of Iowa Page 147 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPi. 147 No. 20. Proceedings of a Board of Inrestigation. PROCEEDINGS OF A BOARD OF INVESTIGATION WHICH CONVENED AT MEMPHIS, TENN., ON THE 27TH DAY OF JUNE~ 1864, PURSUANT TO THE FOLLOWING ORDER: SPECIAL ORDERS, HDQRS. DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, No. 63. Memphis, lenin., June 25, 1864. * * * * * * * VII. A military Board of Juvestigatiou is hereby convened to meet at Memphis, Teun., on Monday, Julie 27, 1864, at 9 a. in., or as soon thereafter as practicable, to investigate and report the facts connected with the disaster to the late expedition nuder Brigadier-General Sturgis. Detail for the Board: Brig. Gen. iVI. Brayinan, U. ~. Volunteers; Brig. Gen. It. P. Buckland, U. S. Volunteers; Col. J. G. Kappner, Third U. S. Heavy Artillery, Colored Troops; recorder, Maj. J. 0. Pierce, as- sistant adjutant-general, U. S. Volunteers. The Board will sit without regard to hours. * * * -* * * * By order of Maj. Gen. C. C. Washburn: W. H. MORGAN, Assistant Adjutant- General. MEMPHIS, TENN., June 27, 186410 a. rn. The Board met pursuant to the foregoing orders. Present, the members of the Board and the recorder. The order convening the Board was then read. The uleinbers of the Board were then duly sworn by the recorder and the recorder was duly sworn by the president of the Board. By order of the Board a communication in the words and figures fol- lowing was (lirected to be ftwwarded to Major-General Washburn, commanding District of West Tennessee, viz: ROOMS OF BOARD OF INVESTIGATION, BRIG. GEN. M. BRAYMAN, PRESIDENT, Memphis, ienn., June 27, 1864. Maj. Gen. C. C. WASHBURN, Commanding Dish-jet of West Tennessee: GENERAL: By direction of the Board of Investigation convened by Special Orders, No. 63, extract VII, you are rcspecttnlly re(lueste(l to furnish the Board with copies of the orders organizing the late expedition under Brigadier-General Sturgis, audi governing or affccting its movements, an(l copies of all reports made by General Sturgis or his subordinates in command, iii relation to the expedition and its results, so far as you may deem it proper to communicate the same. Very respectfully, M. BRAYMAN, Brigadier- General of Volenteers, President. JAMES 0. PIERCE, Major and Assistant A iju tan t- General of Voinnteers, Recorder. The Board then adjourned to meet at 2 p. in. to-morrow Page 148 148 KY., SW. VA., TEN~., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LL RooMs BOARD OF INVESTIGATION, Memphis, Teun., June 28, 18642 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the members of the Board and the recorder. The minutes of the preceding session were read and approved. A copy of a letter of instructions to Brigadier-Geueral Sturgis con- taining the marching orders for his expedition (hereunto attached and marked Exhibit A) and a copy of the preliminary report of Brigadier- General Sturgis (hereunto attached and marked Exhibit B) were received from Major-General Washburn and read by the recorder. The Board adjourned at 5 p. m. to meet at 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., June 29, 1864. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. All of the members of the Board present, together with the recorder. The proceedings of yesterday were read and approved. Brig. Gen. S. D. STURGIS sworn and examined by the }resident of the Board: Question. Please give your rank in the regular and volunteer army. Answer. I am lieutenant-colonel of the Sixth Regular Cavalry and brigadier-gen- eral of volunteers. Question. Under what orders did you report to General Washburn the last time you came here? Answer. I reported in accordance with a telegraphic order from (~eneral Sherman to report for duty to General Washburn at Memphis. I do not recollect the exact date of the order. Question. What was the date of your arrival? Answer. I think I arrived about the 24th of May. Question. On what day were you placed on duty, and what was the nature of that duty? Answer. I was placed on duty on May 31, 1864, by Special Orders No 3 (luarters District of West Tennessee. , . 5, head- (A copy of which is herewith submitted and marked Exhibit C.) Question. Please to examine a copy of your instructions, which I now hand you, marked Exhibit A, and state if it is a correct copy of your instructions from General Washburn. Answer. I believe it is. Question. Was the force mentioned in that letter of instructions or- ganized by you, or were you placed in command after it was organized? Answer. I had nothing to do whatever with its organization. It was organized and sent out from here, and I assumed command of it near La Fayette, Tenn., on the morning of June 1, 1864; La Fayette is about thirty-five miles from Memphis. Question. On what day did you march, after assuming command? Answer. The cavalry marched on the 1st of June in ~he afternoon, but the infantry portion of the command, with which I was, did not move until 3.30 oclock on the morning oft he 2d of June. The quartermaster of the expedition, with whom I was not acquainted and of whose official position as such I was unaware, I found had been expecting forage at a point on the r~ ilroad, which the cars could not reach, and had his wagons there ready to haul it away. This same forage I found on my arrival had come out upon the same train that I did, and I could not learn from any one in whose charge it was. I directed Colonel Waring to send for his teams and haul it to the camp, three miles distant. The quartermaster of the expedition was at this time waiting fbrthis same forage at a pqjnt beyon4 the destroyed bridge. He afterwar Page 149 CRAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 149 learned where it was and sent his train for it. A heavy rain occurred that day, ren- dering the movement of the forage difficult. I deemed it very important to secure this forage, and upon account of the delay caused by the rain, ml the two wagon trains, and my subsequent effort to have the forage returned, I Jeemed it improper to niove my infantry from that point until the next morning. Colonel Warings train was loaded with forage, but could not take it all, and the balance was started back to Memphis by the conductor of the train before the arrival of the quartermas- ters wagons. Finding then that the quartermasters wagons were at the railroad I had one of my staff telegraph to the chief quartermaster at Memphis, informing him of this misunderstanding in regard to the forage, and requesting him to send the train back at once with four days forage for us. The quartermaster in Memphis was not in his office and could not get the counnunication until night, and all this time my wagons were waiting for it, and I was compelled to withdraw them without the forage in order to march in the morning. Question. In what order did your command move ~ Answer. As I was an entire stranger to the troops and the organizations, I thought they could be governed and handled better by dividing them into two divisions, whose commanders had served with them and were familiar with their organizations; so that I placed General Grierson in command of all the cavalry, and Colonel Mc- Miller, of the Ninety-fifth Ohio, the senior colonel, in command of all the infantry. making it a division. The order in which the infantry, artillery, and train marcheff was this: The First Brigade, with its artillery, in the advance, commanded by Colonel Wilkin, of the Ninth Minnesota; the Second Brigade, with its artillery, next, com- manded by Colonel Hoge, of the One hundred and thirteenth Illinois, and next the supply train, guarded by the Third Brigade, commanded by Colonel Bouton, of the Fifty-ninth U. S. Colored Troops. The disposition of the troops for the protec- tion of the train was this: One regiment in the advance, one about the center, and one at the rear. As we marched farther into the enemys country I changed it a little by adding a section of artillery to the rear of the train, and scattering two com- panies through the train. Each brigade was furnished with about thirty mounted men to be nsed at headquarters as orderlies, scouts, & c. The usual order of march of the cavalry was alternating by brigades and carrying their artillery and trains with them. Question. How far did you march on the first day and what were its incidents ~? Answer. General Grierson reported to me on the 1st day of the month that the roads were so heavy that it was impossible to make over five or six miles that day, and I directed him then to make Salem the next day if possible, or as near to it as he could, and the infantry would march to Lamar and as much farther as it could. The infantry reached Lamar in the midst of a very heavy rain, just before night, and the wagon train was unable to arrive nearer than four miles to Lamar, so I directed Colonel Bouton to encamp his train compactly when he could no longer march from the darkness, and be very vigilant in guarding it. The distance from the point of departure at the railroad is, as near as I can remember, to Lamar eighteen miles and to Salem seven miles farther. The cavalry encamped about three miles be- yond Lamar. Question. What was the distance marched and what were the inci- dents of the third day ~ Answer. On the next day it took the train to reach Lamar until 2 oclock in the afternoon, so that when the train arrived the animals, which had marched until dark and from 4 oclock in the morning until this day, required rest. It was also necessary to issue rations after the arrival of the train, which took about three hours. As no distance could be made without ruining the train and bringing it again into camp without forage that night, I left the command under Colonel Mc- Millen, with orders to march at 3.30 the next morning. The first brigade which drew its rations (Colonel Hoges), marched on that day (the third) to within three miles of Salem. I left Colonel McMillen, then in command of the camp, and went myself to within one mile and a half of Salem, the cavalry in the mean time having marched four miles beyond Salem on the Ruckersville road. On resuming the march on the morning of the third day our forage was exhausted. Question. Were you able to secure any forage on that day ~ Answer. No, sir; none whatever. Our foraging parties were fired on in every di- rectionin sight of camp and at houses we could see from camp plainly; they were captured as many as 7 at one house. I know of no forage that was brought in at all Page 150 150 ICY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS.. ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. tI. Question. Were there any forces sent out to drive away those guerrilla parties~ Answer. Yes, sir. I sent twenty mounted men, under good an(l intelligent offi- cers, to where an escaped soldier had reported the capture of his friends. Then I sent out a larger force toward the Holly Springs road, so as to drive away the guer- rillas, whom I presunied might interfere with the teamsters who might be foraging in that direction, as the train was camped four miles back in that vicinity when last heard from. Question. Were any guerrillas captured or killed on that day? Answer. No, sir; this whole 7 were taken by three men, an(l when they had arms in their hands. Two of them were artillerymen and five were cavalrymen. The cavalrymen were mounted and their horses also were captured. Question. State the distance marched and what transpired on the fourth day. Answer. The infantry column moved four miles beyond Salem to Mrs. Leakes, which was a march of eleven miles for the two rear brigades and the wa~on train. The cavalry were ordered to move to the vicinity of Ruckersville, but its exact camp I cannot now locate. I think the cavalry went about ten miles and the infantry about eleven miles. Question. Did you secure any forage on that day? Answer. Yes, sir; a little. But little forage was secured because there was but little in the country. Question. Were your foraging parties fired on that day? An~wer. They were not. Question. What else occurred on the fourth day? Answer. On the afternoon of the 4th I sent Colonel J(arg~, of Second New Jersey Cavalry, in command of 400 select cavalry on a reconnaissance to Corinth. He was directed to march so as to arrive within four or five miles of Ripley before night; there to feed and to rest and at night march rapidly through Ripley, and then east to Rienzi on the railroad, and if possible to arrive there before daylight and surprise whatever? party might be there; then, after destroying all public property of the enemy that might be there and time trestle-work of the railroad, to proceed north, and, in case the Tuscumbia River was not fordable and there was any considerable force of the enemy at Corinth, to seize the bridge over the Tuscumbia on the road leading from Danville to Corinth, and hold it; but if the river was fordable and the enemy at Corinth then to let the bridge alone and go down the Tuscumbia and hold the best ford on the road leading from Kossuth to Corinth. If lie required re-enforcenments, or got pushed strongly, to communicate with General Grierson, who would be in the vicinity of Rnckersville, and who was directed to send omit strong pickets (mu the roads leading east and southeast in order to make sure the keeping imp communication with Colonel Karg6. Question. How far did yoi~i march on the fifth day? Answer. The cavalry encamped in the vicinity of Ruckersville and the infantry encamped at the Widow Childers Cross-Roads, five or six miles in the rear of the cavalry. Question. Did you secure any forage on that day? Answer. We did not; there was none in the country. Question. Were you annoyed by guerrillas on that day? Answer. I think not. Question. What was the length of march on the sixth day? Answer. We marched to Ripley, both the infantry and cavalry. As we were leav- ing camp that morning on the Rmmckersville road, when I reached about a mile on the road, I met a messenger from General (irierson, informing me that there was no unemy at Corinth; that they had evacuated on the previous Friday and gone south, about 3,000 umen, I think, and that there was no doubt of it. The general set forth that the commntry was, if possible, more destitnte than the one we had been traveling over, and suggested to me to chan~,e my course south, stating that he would go a fe Page 151 CuA~. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISsISSIPPI. 151 miles south, where he understood there was some show of somethin0 to eat for the animals. I then turned the head of the infantry colnini~ on the Ripley road, afl(l directed General Griemon to loin me at Ripley that day with the cavalry by taking the direct road to Ripley. I directed him to send a message to direct Colonel Karg6 to move down by whatever route he found the most practicable and join the main column at Ellistown, or in any event not beyond Ellistowu. Question. Was it the information you received from General Grierson that determined you to relinquish the movement upon Corinth ~ Answer. It was entirely. Question. Did you communicate the fact of that change to General Washburn ~ Answer. No, sir. Question. Why did you nof? Answer. In the first place, the routes I looked upon as simple incidental detai1~, and they were left to my discretion; secondly, it was useless to communicate to General Washburn, for he couldnt change it. I could not wait for the answer, for I would starve, because I could not get an answer back from him short of from three to five days, if I sent my telegraph operator to the lines, and that could only have been done at the cost of a large escort. Question. Were you annoyed by guerrillas on that day? Answer. After determinin~, to take the Ripley road in the morning, and being my- self about a mile in advance of the column, I concluded rather than to go back to the cross-roads to cut across through the woods and intercept the head of the column. When I arrived within 200 yards of the Ripley road I happened on about forty guer- rillas or scouts, whom we saw before they saw us, and part of my staff and escort gave them chase. This party hung along in our front, gradually getting larger and larger, until we reached Ripley that day. Question. How far were your cavalry distant from your infantry at that time? Answer. I would suppose five or six miles, on a different road. Question. Did you secure any forage on that day? Answer. No forage in kind that I know of, as I myself directed the parties not to leave the road that day except for very short distances. In speaking of forage my remarks are confined chiefly to the infantry column and train, and I have no refer- ence to individual cases of foragin~ or to what may have been done by the cavalry col- umn, though informed by General ~rierson repeatedly, when I called upon him to pro- vide forage for the train and the artillery horses of the infantry, that he was willing to do all that he could, but that he absolutely could find nothing for his own horses. Question. Had you any information concerning the enemys supplies at Corinth at the time of the evacuation? Answer. No~ sir; on the contrary it was reported everything had been taken away. Question. Did your cavalry inflict any damage upon the railroad be- low Corinth? Answer. Yes, sir; the cavalry destroyed trestle-work and tore up rails, but to no great extent. This was at Rienzi. The object we had in destroying at that time was the hope of catching trains at Corinth and intercepting them on their way down. Question. What distance did you make on the seventh day? Answer. On that day we were unable to move out of Ripley as early as usual because it rained very hardmired the wagons; and rations were again issued, so that we made ten miles that day. The cavalry and infantry camped about one mile apart. Question. Did you secure any forage on that day? Answer. I think some forage was secured that day, and I camped the wagon train in a wheat-field so the animals could eat the green wheat Page 152 152 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA.; AND N. GA. [CuAP. II. Question. Were you annoyed by guerrillas on that day ~ Answer. I think not. Question. Do ~ou know of any occasion during the march when for- age which could have been secured was not secured ~ Answer. I know of no occasion. There was no forage left on that road that I know of. We even went so far as to take from families what they had brought up from Tupelo for their own nse. Question. Do you know of any occasion where the forage or fields of inhabitants were guarded by soldiers; and, if so, by whose order ~ Answer. No forage or fields were gnarded that I know of, and if it was done at all it was done withont my knowledge or anthority. The only place where forage was gnarded I guarded it myself while waiting for the column to come up. I stopped at the honse of a woman who was sick abed and suffering great pain, and I sent for my doctor to look at and prescribe for her. She told me that my men had taken all of her hay, and were then at the crib just finishing the corn which she had brought from Tupelo for her own children to eat. I told her I was sorry it was necessary to take corn on the road, but that our animals were starving, yet I would try to save her enough corn to keep her from starving. So I got a sack from her and had it filled with probably a bushel of ears of corn, had it hid under her bed, and left with her a paper to protect it in case it should he found. At 6 p. m. the Board adjourned to meet again at 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., June 30, 18G4. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the members of the Board and the recorder. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and approved. Examination of brig. Gen. S. D. STUR~I5 continued. General Sturgis, in correction of his testimony of yesterday, states as follows: Having come before the Board without having previously examined my diary which I kept, I had gotten the dates a little wrong in my mind, which I desire to correct. Instead of leaving Memphis, as I said, on the 1st day of June, and march- ing from near La Fayette on the morning of the 2d day of June, I received my orders of May 31 on the 1st of June, and left Memphis on the morning of the 2d of June, and marched from near La Fayette on the morning of the 3d of June. My closing testimony of yesterday, therefore, refers to the 8th day of the month instead of the 7th. I was asked whether or not I obtained any forage on the day we passed through Salem when camped at Mrs. Leakes. I answered that I thought not. On reference to my diary and on reflection I remember to have received some forage on that day. General Grierson informed me upon my arrival at Mrs. Leakes that he had seventy-five bushels of corn guarded. I immediately sent a detail and wagons to collect it, and the officer reported to me that he found twenty bushels and no more. Again, as to my reasons for not explaining to General Washburn my change of direc- tion from Mrs. Childers Cross-Roads, I said that it would take from three to five days to communicate with General Washburn, even if I sent my telegraphic operator back to the lines. On reflection I find I had no telegraphic operator, as I had sent him with Colonel Karg6 on his reconnaissance to Corinth for the purpose of intercepting any communications that might he passing from the enemy, and afterward destroy- ing the lines, so that to have communicated with General Washburn would have been a matter of several days more than I have already expressed. By the PRESIDENT: Question. Were the orders which you gave brigading and arranging your troops in writing or verbal ~ Answer. They were in writing. I now submit a copy of the same. (Marked Exhibit D.) Question. Were your orders directing the expedition of Colonel Karg6 to Corinth in writing ~ If so, please furnish a copy. Answer. They were. A copy is herewith submitted Page 153 CHAP. Li.] LXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 15~ (Marked Exhibit E.) Question. How far did you march on the ninth day of the march? Answer. We marched to Stubbs farm; the distance I cannot state exactly. I think the march was short for these reasons: That on the morning of the 9th, wishing to get rid of as many wagons, sick soldiers, and disabled horses as possible, and to issue live days rations to the command, we left camp a little late, sending back to Memphis 400 sick, 41 wagons, and a large number of worn-out horses. Question. Were you attacked on that day? Answer. No, sir. Question. Did you secure forage on that day? Answer. I think there were a few bushels of corn secured at Stubbs house, but I dont remember how much. That is all I know of and it was principally used by the cavalry. Question. What time did you commence your march on the 10th day of the month? Answer. At Stubbs the cavalry and infantry encamped together. On the morn- ing of the 10th the cavalry moved at 5.30 oclock, and, allowing an hour and a half for the cavalry to clear the camp so that the infantry might be close on its rear, the infantry moved at 7. I myself habitually marched at the head of the infantry col- umn. When I had arrived at a point about live miles out, I reached a very bad place in the road, which it required much time and considerable labor to make passable for the wagons on account of the very heavy rain of the night before. I halted here in order to let the pioneer corps overtake me and look myself to the repairing of the road. While here I received a message from General Grierson to the effect that his advance was engaged with a party of the enemy on the Baldwyn road at Brices Cross-Roads, some four miles in the advance of where I was. I paid but little atten- tion to this as I was expecting to meet the enemy.s cavalry at every moment. In a short time I received another message from him, stating that tbe enemy was about 600 strong, and that he (General Grierson) occupied a good position and a very im- portant one, being at the cross-roads. By this time Colonel MeMillen, commanding the infantry, arrived a little in advance of his column, and I pointed out to him the necessity of working this bad place in the road rapidly, and then started toward the cross-roads myself. On receiving the message from General rierson in regard to the strength of the enemy being 600, I directed him to leave 600 or 700 cavalry on the Guntown road near the cross-roads, to precede the infantry on its arrival on the way to Guntown, and with the balance of his force to drive the enemy toward Baldwyn and rejoin the main column at Guntown by way of the line of the railroad, as I didnt propose to allow the enemy to draw me from my main line of march. I then started toward Brices Cross-Roads, as I said before. When I had got 200 or 300 yards on the road, it struck mae that the enemy might be stronger tban General Grierson had con- ceived, and I sent back an aide-dc-camp o Colonel MeMillen, directing him to send forward the advance brigade of infantry to Brices Cross-Roads as rapidly as possible without distressing his men. I had gone but a short distance ~cn I received another message from General Grierson, stating that the enemy was in considerable force, and that he had nearly all his command engaged. This information I communicated to Colonel MeMillen, and requested him to lose no time in getting up. I arrived at Brices Cross-Roads myself about 12 oclock. Previously to reaching the cross-roads, at a little bridge about 400 yards from there, as near as I can remeniber, I met an aide-de-camp of General Griersons, who requested me in the name of the general to throw a re~iment of infantry out to the left, pointing in the direction he wished them to take. I told him that I couldnt tell yet ex etly where the infantry should go till I could see the field, but that in the mean time he (the aide-de-camp) could re- main there till the infantry came up, which would take some time and I would go and reconnoiter the gronad myself. At the cross-roads I found General Grierson, his line of battle formed in the dense woods a few hundred yards in a. vance of the cross-roads, on the Baldwyn and Guntown roads, and a section of battery of artillery at the cross-roads belonging to his division, but not in position. There seemed to he considerable confusion about the cross-roads with the artillery and ambulances and led horses jammed in the road, and my first attention was directed to clearing the road, so that the infantry could get up. The musketry firing in our front was pretty heavy, but no artillery had opened on either side, which led me to believe that probably the force in front of us was nothimig but the enemys cavalry, as I had no information to lead me to believe otherwise. Colonel Warings hrigade oc- cupied the left or Baldwyn road amid Colonel Winslows brigade the straight for- ward or Guntown road. General Grierson now came to me and urged nine to get th Page 154 154 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. rCHAP. :tt infantry up as quick as possible, as liis men were worn out and must be nearly out of ammunition. I told him the infantry was ch)se behind and would soon be up, and that there was no doubt about our having ammunition enough, as it conl(l not all be fired away yet. Colonel Waring sent for relief directly to me, anti so did Col- ouel Winslow, saying he was hard pressed. I then directed (kneral Griersoii to organize all of the idle men about the cross-roads, of which there were a great many, and skulkers, and put them into the fight where they were the most needed. The enemys bullets reached the cross-roads now very thick, and I began to fear our lines were giving away, though I couldnt see it, as the timber was so heavy, so I directed the commander of the battery to open his battery ou the enemys reserves, because I hoped to hold the place until the infantry got up, and 1 looked for Theni every moment, because if we could not bold that position we could hold no other short of Stnbbs, which was ten miles to the rear, because there was no other po- sition. In the midst of this dilemma the officer commanding the battery asked nie who was to support his battery. I told him the line of cavalry in front was his sup- port, as well as the iufantry, which I expected soon to accumulate in his rear. The artillery officer then said to me that there was no cavalry in his fiont on the left. I insisted that there was, as I had withdrawn nothing, when a major of cavalry rode up and informed me that the artillery oflicer was right, that the cavalry ha(l withdrawn on the left, as he was the last to withdraw. I asked him by whose order he withdrew, and he said that he did not know; he heard that was the order and saw the others going. Still I desired to hold the line, and having nothing to put in of any consequence, I directed Lieutenant-Colonel Hess, of the Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding ray escort of about 100 men, to gallop down and form a sham line and keep up as much firing as possible until the infantry could arrive. This he did, at the expense of two or three killed and several wounded, and held the line until the infantry arrived. Which way the ca~ ah~ n ithdrew or by wbat authority I do not know now, but I have understood by officers since that they withdrew by the left and rear, by which route they would not pass me at all. In addition to the appeals of General Grierson to hurry up the infontry and relieve the cavalry, I received two or three messages from Colonel Winslow, in strong terms, almost demanding to be relieved. Fearing that he might withdraw without orders, I informed him that the infantry ~rould be up any moment to his relief, and tha.t he must hold his place, and that if he was too hard pressed to Pill back slowly toward the cross-roads and shorten and strengthen his lines. This brought us probably to about 1.30 oclock, when the advance brigade of the mufantry arrived. I had in- tended to put the first regiment in on the left, but as the firing had fallen off a little there I sent the first regiment to the support of Coloncl Winslow Colonel MeMillen then took charge of the arrangement of the infantr~, d form d a continuous a.n4 connected line from right to left, covering both roads on thc 01(1 position of time cavalry. I then received information from some source which I forgt now that the enemy was appearing on our left and rear, and I directed Colom 1 W ilkin who commanded time brigade second in the line of march, to establish a 5C( tron of artillery on a knoll near a little bridge some 300 or 400 yards in the rear of the cross roads to bear on our ex- treme left, and to support it with a regiment of infantry The bilance of his brigade I placed in Colonel MeMillens rear to be disposed of by that officer. In the mean time I had authorized General Grierson to withdraw his cavalry as they were re- lieved by the infantry, reform and reorganize it in the rear and hold it ready to cover the flanks of our line. The enemy now gave away a little before our line ofiufiintry, and I went to the rear to look after the execution of nmy orders in regard to the es- tablishment of the battery and the safety of the train. I found that Colonel Wilkin had established his section properly, supporting it with the Seventy-secommd Ohio infantry, two companies of which he had thrown out toward the left of our main line as skirmishers. The cavalry had accumulated in an open field near by, and were apparently reorganizing. About this time there was quite a lull along the line, and as I did not know whether the enemy might be retreating or changing position I directed Colonel MeMillen to push out a strong line of skirmishers and advance his line, and either to drive them or find out what they were doing. Col- onel Hoge, commanding a brigade, now sent word that they seemed to be moving toward his right. Colonel Hoge occupied the right of the line. I directed General Grierson to send a portion of his cavalry to the right of the line as soon as possible. In a very short time another message arrived from Colonel Iloge, that he was satis- fied that the movement on his right was a feint, and that the real attack would be made on the left. I then sent a portion of the cavalry to the left and established another section of artillery still in rear of Colonel Wilkin, and hmearin~ also on the left of our main line. The cavalry advanced asskirmishers and a considerable fire was opened, more, I think, from our men than from the enemy. In the mean time, however, and soon after I first arrived at Colonel Wilkins battery, the head of the ordnance train arrived, which had been reported to me a few minutes before about a mile and a half from there. Fearing that it might be in our way in ease we wer Page 155 ~flAP. LI.] EX~DITION INTO MIS~ISSIPH. 155 driven back I ordered it into an open field near the cavalry, there to be turned around and carried farther to the rear. Tbe cavalry tbat I had sent to th~ ri~ht of the main hue soon gave way, and I sent a portion of the Seventy-second Ohio, all that could be spared, and the last regiment I had in hand, to replace them. They met the cavalry coming away, and as near as I colil(l learn made but little stand all couling away together overpowered. The scattered manner in which this cav- alry came down seemed to cause a kind of panic to the other cavalry and caused all to move to the rear. I now attempted to get hold of the colored brigade, which was witb the wagons: The first regiment I met was commanded by a lieutenant-colonel or major whom I did not know personally. I directed him to form his regiment in line in a little piece of timber close by, for by this time the enemys shells were cominr into that timber as if tired from our left, and the whole right of my main line appeared to be giving away. Lieutenant-Colonel Hess, of my escort, placed this colored regiment in position in the woods. I left it and endeavored to get hold of the other regiments that were scattered through the train, but before I could do so the troops from all directions came crowding in like an avalanche from the battle- field, and I lost all possible control over them. My control over this moving mass ceased at this time. MeMillen was still fighting in the center in advance of the cross-roads, and was calling for re-enforcements, and as I had none to send him and the open ground in rear of the line was covered with fleeing troops, falling back from the right and left of the line, leaving MeMillen ~i~htlug in the center, my only hope was to get him away by forming a new line to protect his retreat. I sent an aide to inform him that I would endeavor to form a line to protect his retreat in case he was driven back, but that I had no re-enforcements to give him, and that he must do the best he could under the circumstances. This was about 5 p. m. The Board adjourned at 5.30 p. in. to meet at 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, T~NN., July 1, 18643 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the members of the Board and the recorder. The miuutes of the preceding meeting were read and approved. Brigadier-General Sturgis, by his aide-de-camp, Lient. E. Calkins, reported himself sick, and requested to be excused from giving further testimony, and to be allowed to file a copy of his report in lieu thereof. This request was disallowed by the Board, and General Sturgis noti- fied, through his aide-de.camp, to attend for further examination at 2 p. m. to-morrow. The Board then adjourned at 4 p. u. to meet at 2 p. in. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 2, 18642 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment.. The members of the Board and the recorder present. The proceedings of yesterdays session were read and approved. The examination of Brig. Gen. S. D. STURGIS continued. By the PRESIDENT: Question. On assuming comman(I did you announce your staff in orders, and who composed it ~. Answer. I did, sir. It was composed of Capt. W. C. Rawolle, additional aide-de- camp and acting assistant adjutant-general; Capt. W. S. Belden, Second Iowa Cav- alry, aide-de-camp; Lieut. E. Calkins, Seventh Indiana Cavalry, aide-dc-camp; Lient. S. Oakford, Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, aide-de-camp. Question. Were you furnished with a roster of your brigade and regi- mental officers ~ Answer. No, sir; I~ as not Page 156 156 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA.; AND N. GA. R~HAP. U. Question. Did you require and did you receive daily reports from your regimental and brigade commanders of the condition of the com- mand6? Answer. No, sir; I did not. I made my headquarters habitually with Colonel MeMillen, who commanded the infantry, anti mnch of the detail of the campaign was transacted verbally; and if I had it wouldnt have been practicable to get them, and I didnt want them. Question. How many wagons composed the train h made up, and under whose charge was it ~ ow was the train Answer. The supply train was composed of 181 wagons, and some of the regiments were furnished with two wagons to a regiment and others with none. Those of the regiments who arrived just previous to the departure of the expedition left without wagoiis, as the brigade commander, Colonel Wilkin, reported to me, and I formed an estimate of the number of wagons along the road at about 250. There may have been a few more or less. To get rid of as many of them as possible, I distributed five days rations, one days march beyond Ripley, and sent back forty-one wagons. Lieu- tenant Shattuck, acting quartermaster, had charge of the supply train. He was a very well-meaning man, I presume, hut not a man of much force of character, and on that account, and because he complained of not being very strong, I allowed him to return to Memphis with the forty-one wagons, and I directed Lieutenant Stratton, commis- sary of subsistence, to take charge of the train in his stead. Lieutenant Stratton was a stranger to me, though I thought him a man of some executive ability from what I had seen of him on the former trip, but I dont think I made much iniprove- ment by the exchange. During the retreat I placed the whole wagon train in charge of Captain Buckland, of Colonel MeMillens staIi telling him that I hardly hoped to save the train, but if I could he was the only man that I knew of that could do it. Question. Were foraging parties sent out by your order, or by sub- ordinate commanders 6? Answer. They may have been sent out by subordinate commanders independently of my orders, but I ordered that it should be done. Question. Were they accompanied by cavalry 6? ~Answer. They consisted entirely of cavalry and of mounted men not cavalry. Question. While on the march was your column protected by flank. ers of mounted men 6? Answer. No, sir; . except by foraging parties on the march down; they were deemed sufficient protection. On the retreat flankers moved on the flanks of the column. Question. When and where did Colonel Karg6 rejoin your command 6? Answer. He rejoined on the 8th of June, at Ripley, a brig~ de which I had left at Ripley until he should come up. Question. What was Griersons effective force at the commencement of the engagement 6? Answer. About 3,000 men. Question. On arriving at the scene of the engagement did you con- sider the line chosen by General Grierson the best that could have been selected 6? Answer. I did not consider that General Grierson had the privilege of selecting any position, as we were going to meet the enemy, and tbis was where we found him. There was nothing left but to attack him wherever lie should show himself for if we stopped our animals would starve, and this I had told to my brigade com- manders two nights before. Apart from the fact that the enemy occupied the posi- tion, it was iii my opinion the best position at least within ten miles, because it was at the cross-roads which we must pass or retreat, and I deemed it easier to hold the cross-roads than to take them from the enemy. Question. Was the ground on which you found General Grierson engaged clear or wooded, even or rough country 6 Page 157 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MiS~iS~IPPi. 157 Answer. It was uneven, hardly amounting to what woul(l be called a rough coun- try, and dense]y wooded for about three-quarters of a mile in front on all the roads, beyond which was an open belt extending across all the roads for about a quarter of a mile. The enemy occupied the wood beyond the open belt and we the wood on this side, so~ that our position was pretty strong, except that it could be easily turned. Question. How far from General Griersons line was the head of your infantry column when you first heard that he was engaged ~ Answer. I presume it was four miles and a half from the head of the cavalry column and two miles from its rear when the cavalry was attacked. Question. In what order was the infantry marching at that time ~ Answer. Marching in the usual order; but on that day Colonel Hoges (the Second) brigade was in the advance; Colonel Wilkins brigade next; Colonel Boutons (the colored brigade) wa~ last, and with the wagons. The infantry column and the wagon train I estimated as ordinarily occupying about four miles of road. Question. How long was the infantry column at the time of the en- gagement, and was it well closed np ~ Answer. My remembrance is that when I asked Colonel MeMillen at this time how he was getting along he replied that his column was well closed up and the column occupied about four miles and a half. Question. What was the character of the ground at the head of the infantry column at the time of the attack ~ Answer. It was wooded and level, with open fields occasionally. There were no swamps nor springs in the immediate vicinity. Question. Were the enemy in motion when the collision first oc- curred with Grierson, or did he find them waiting for him ~ Answer. My impression is that he found them waiting for him, but the reports which I have submitted to-day at headquarters will explain that better than I can. Question. What was the condition of the roads at that time l Answer. The roads were heavy on account of the rains, and bad or the wagons. All the low places in the roads being rendered worse by the rains, but for marching they were generally pretty fair. Question. Were the men brought into action on the double-quick, or in what time did they march into action, and in what condition ~ Answer. They did not come into action on the double-quick, and I had specially ordered that they should not come up on the double-quick, because the day was very oppressive, though I repeatedly sent word to Colonel MeMillen to make all haste. They marched into action in ordinary time. The infantry looked in good spirits, and we gave three cheers as they came up. I can hardly say how long they had marched without resting. They were two hours or two hours and a half in making thefourmiles, andldonotknowwhattimewasgiventhemforresting. Question. Did you investigate General Griersons complaint that he was short of ammunition ~ Answer. I did not; there was no possible time for it. I knew subsequently that regiments of cavalry had almost their full number of rounds of ammunition. For instance, the Second New Jersey Cavalry, which had been engaged on the left, the Fourth Missouri, also the Third Iowa, which regiments on this account did the principal work in guarding the rear on the retreat. Question. Did General Grierson retire from the fight with or with- out your order~ Answer. General Grierson importuned me a great deal, while his cavalry was en- gaged, to hurry up the infantry, as his men were tired and exhausted, having been fighting since 10 oclock. I told him repeatedly that we must hold that position; that we could do it, and that the infantry would be up any moment, and that he must have patience. He retired, with my sanction, as soon as replaced by the in- fantry for the purpose of getting his command together. As I said yesterday, the cavalry on the left (Colonel Warings) retired. I do not know by whose orders Page 158 158 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Question. What became of Colonel Warings cavalry after that? Answer. At the next place I saw it it was in the open field near the bridge, where the rcorgani~ation was supposed to be goiilg on. Qu.stion. What order did you make for the safety of the trains? Answer. When I went to the rear to provide, amongst other things, for the safety of the train, the train had been reported to nie, on inq airy, to be one mile and a half in rear, and on arriving at the bridge, about a half to three-quarters of a mile in rear of the line, I met the head of the train, to my surprise. The whole column ap- peared to have made a general move to get up. I then directed an aide-dc-camp, Lieutenant Calkins, to see that the train was turned around and held ready to move to the rear in case that it became necessary. Question. When the retreat actually took place did or did not the train obstrnct the retreat? Answer. It did not obstruct the retreat proper, nor would it have done so on ordi- nary roads and in ordinary weather. But the road became jammed with those flying from the field, the teamsters became panic-stricken, and the monient they had any trouble with the wagons they jumped dowii and cat oat a mule and let the wagon staiid, which soon blocked the road. I had strong hopes; aad ordered it parked on the first open ground that coald be found beyond the white honse, a mile and a half in rear of the battle-field, and where I hoped to be able to make a stand, with a view to issuing rations and ammunition and then destroyiiig the train, thinking we could hold the eiiemy in check until night and then do it. But the enemy pushed us so hard that I was obliged to move the train on again, with the hope of parking it farther on that night. This was the main train; at this tinie some of the wagons were stnek near the battle-field. Question. How far from the line of battle was the train captnred? Answer. It was not captured at all in a proper sense of the word. It was left standing, a wagon here aiid a wagon there, or wherever the teamsters would desert it, for ten miles, especially in the bottom of the Hatchie, which was a very bad place. Question. Did or did not your train fall into the hands of the enemy? Answer. I presume it did, as we did not bring it away. Maiiy of the wauons wero burned by orders. I ordered that they should be burned wherever they obstructed the road. Question. How many wagons did you return to Memphis ~ Answer. None that I know of; I think none. Question. During the retreat to Collierville were the regiments re- stored to good order, or did they retreat in confusion? Answer. No, sir; the regiments were restored to order at Ripley by 7 oclock the next mornin~ dition. ~. The brigades were reorganized a:.d restored to a respectable eon- Question. Were you closely pursued on the retreat, and with what results? Answer. The column moved out of Ripley on the retreat, on the Salem road, at 7 oclock on the morning of the 11th, preceded by the cavalry. I moved out myself to the infantry. All was quiet in the rear as far as we could hear. When we had got half a mile probably from towii we began to hear the firing of the enenay at the rear, bait it was distant and desultory aiid the column moved on in goo(l order. The rear of tbe infantry colnmn was pretty heavily attacked at Ripley, as I learned after- ward by the report of officers. Froni time to tinie the word caine to me that the rear ~as being strongly pressed, and I woald re-cIiforce it with such companies or parts of regiments as I could find had anamunition, and once they pressed so strongly that I ordered a brigade of infantry to form line, which was iiot done, however, l)e- cause Colonel MeMillen reh7*rted, after trying, that he found it impossible to do so for the want of ammunition. All that we could do therefore to protect the rear was to l~eep the column so moving that the enemy could not aceninulate upon it. Question. How many guns (lid you lose? Answer. Fourteen in all. ~Ve had sixteen gnus and four mountain howitzers. I think the aummnition train was lost in a bod~r witlj the exception of cue wagog Page 159 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 159 Question. On what day of the month did you personally arrive at Memphis ~? Answer. I think on the light of the 13th. By Brigadier-General BUCKLAND: Question. Did you organize a pioneer corps, or was there one con- nected with your expedition ~ Answer. One was organized by Colonel McMillen, at niy request, from the Ninth Minnesota, where I learned there was a company of artisans especially suitable for that dnty. Question. Did you know before you reached Collierville, on the retreat, that a portion of the infantry column had left Ripley by a different road from that which you took ~ Answer. I did not; bnt on leaving Ripicy I requested Colonel McMillen to leave a staff~ officer, which he did, to intercept Colonel Wilkin in case he should arrive, as we did not know what had become of him, and direct him on the road the column had taken. He did not see Colonel Wilkin, and nntil he (Wilkin) arrived at Whites Station we were at a loss to know what had become of him. Question. When the infantry went into the engagement did they form on the same line that had just been occupied by the cavalry ~ Answer. Colonel McMillcn was directed to relieve the cavalry, and the exact part of the woods that the cavalry occnpied at that time, whether on the farther edge of the timber or farther this way, I cannot tell. By the PRESIDENT: Question. Was the force of which you were placed in command, in your opinion, efficiently organized, with proper proportions of different arms of the service, also with respect to arms, ammunition, supplies, and transportation ~ Answer. I think so, with the exception of the forage, and with that, probably, the best was done that conld have been done. Question. In your opinion was there anything iu the manner of the organization of the expedition calculated to impair its chances of success ~ Answer. The command was made np of old troops and newly arrived troops and detachments, all of which went to make np 8,000 in nnmbers, bnt which, from the very manner in which it was made np, was not therefore really equal to anything like 8,000 men. Question. What is your estimate of the force of the enemy in cavalry, infantry, and artillery ~ Answer. From the opinions of my principal officers and from information received from ladies of intelligence (rebel ladies) on onr return I think the enemy had about 20,000 men. Question. General, at the time you were first advised that General Grierson was engaged by the enemy what was the nature of the ground on which the head of the inflintry column stood ~ Answer. It was a level farm, with woods and open fields; no pecnliarities about it at all that I can remember. Question. Was there any obstacle at that point to the safe formation of a line of battle ~ Answer. No, sir; nothing. Question. In the circumstances in which your army was then placed did you consider it safer to attack the enemy in his own position than to await his attack in a l)osition chosen by yourself ? Answer. That is what I thought at that time. When I received information from General Grievson of the skjrn sh I had no idea that we had anything in front bu Page 160 160 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. the enemys cavalry. All of my information led to that conclusion, and General Grierson himself supposed them to be only 600 strong after he had been fighting them some time. So I did not think of forming a line of battle at all, but supposed the cavalry could drive the enemy away without trouble. It was only after receiv- ing the last message from General Grierson, while on the way up to him, asking me for a brigade of infantry, that I thought at all of looking at the ground with a view to taking positions in case we sho~tld be driven back. When I made up my mind at Ripley not to return, but to go forward, then I determined to attack the enemy wherever I could find him, because if I stopped I was ruined. My animals would be exhausted, and the only hope was to get as rapidly as possible to Tupelo, where there was corn, and if I formed line of battle, on receiving word from General Grier- son, and the enemy had not chosen to attack me, I would have been forced to have attacked him under precisely the same circumstances, with my animals still more reduced. Question. When you first came up to General Grierson, from what you could see and from the firing, how many of the enemy did there ap- pear to be in your front? Answer. It didnt impress me as being a large force, judging from the firing, and I really felt that when the infantry got up we could hold our own with them. Question. Did you have scouts in front in the course of the expedi- tion, and did you receive information from them concerning the en- emys force and movements? Answer. The scouts were unable to bring me any information because the enemy were hanging so continually about, so I depended niore upon the information I had started with, and keeping my command together and ready for any emergency, than upon any information I could pick up. I was informed before leaving Memphis that I would find no enemy north of Okolona in force, and would encounter no consider- able force until I got in the vicinity of Columbus or Macon, if even there. As this information was acquired through regularly organized spies and scouts I felt that it was the best information I could act npon. I therefore acted upon that in the absence of any other. Question. On what day did you receive from the la(lies you mention information that the enemys force consisted of 20,000 men? Answer. I think it was at Collierville on the 12th ; this was on my return. Question. What, in your opinion, was the real cause of the disaster at Brices Cross-Roads ? Answer. I think the disaster was the result of undertaking an altogether impracti- cable expedition. Whatever number ofmen make up an expedition the enemy are per- fectly acquainted with the details of it in thirty-six hours after it leaves Memphis, audi as we have to travel at least 100 miles over a desert we are forced to arrive in a manner broken down and with the animals weakened, to reach a point whcre the enemy can concentrate as much force as he pleases by railroad, and where he can put himself in position and destroy you in detail in spite of all you can do. If you go forward he will overwhelm you with numbers ; if you do not you starve, and if you go back he will destroy you, because you have to retreat over a desert. The Board then adjourned at 5.30 oclock to meet at 2 p. m. Monday, the 4th of July. M. BRAYMAN, Brigadier- General Volunteers, President. JAMES 0. PIERCE, Major and Asst. Adjt. Gen. Volunteers, Recorder. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 4, 1864. The Board met pursuant to adjonrument. Present, Brigadier-General Buckland and Colonel Kappner, and the recorder Page 161 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 161 Absent, Brigadier-General Brayman, relieved by the following order, which was received and read: SPECIAL ORDERS, HDQRS. li~STRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, No. 70. Memphis, Teun., July 2, 1864. * * * * * * * IV. Brigadier-General Brayman, U. S. Volunteers, having been or- dered by Major-General McPherson to report to Major-General Slocum, at Vicksburg, for duty, is hereby relieved from duty as president of military Board of Investigation. The quartermasters department will furnish General Brayman transportation to Vicksburg, with his staff officers, servants, horses, and baggage. * * * * * * * By or(ler of Maj. Geim. C. C. Washburn: W. TI. MOItGAN, Assistant Adjutant- General. The Board not being full, an adjonrumemit was had till 2 p. m. to- morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 5, 18642 p. m. The Board niet pursuant to adjournment. Present, Brigadier-General Buckland, Colonel Kappner, alI(l the re- corder. The minutes of the two preceding sessions were read and approved. Col. G. B. lOGE duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your nanme, rank, and regiment, an(I the l)ositiou you occupied in the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. G. B. loge; colonel of the One hundred an(l thirteenth Illinois Infantry Volunteers; in the late expedition I commanded the brigade known as the Second Brigade of the Infantry Division. Question. On what day did you embark your troops on the cars at Memphis ~ Answer. On the 1st of June, at 6 p. ni. Question. At what point did you disembark l Answer. I believe at a point between Collierville an(l La Fayette. Question. After you left the railroad, what orders did you receive in reference to marching, and from whom ~ Answer. The first order I received, I believe, was one in reference to forming the iiifantry into a division, composed of three brigades. The order was one from Gen- eral Sturgis. I received this order, I think, on the 2(1 of June. The first marching orders I received were from Colonel MeMillen. The First Brigade had the advance, and mine was next. We marched on the morning of the 3d, 1 think, at 4 oclock. Question. Did General Sturgis make amy review or inspection of the troops before starting on the march ? Answer. General Sturgis did not join the command for some hours after we left the railroad on the march. After joining the command he did not inspect the troops. Question. Where did you first see General Sturgis after leaving Memn- plus on this expeditiDn ~ Answer. I should judge about ten miles from the railroad. The column halted for some reason, and General Sturgis dismounted a short distance in advance of my bri- frade column. 11 R RVOL XXXIX, PT Page 162 162 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS, ALA., AND N. GA. [CHM?. LL Question. What delays occurred in marching up to arriving at Ripley, and what occasioned them ~ Answer. There were numerous delays, which seemed unaccountable to me at the time. After investigating the matter as fully as I could I found that the train, in connection with the bad roads, was the principal cause. We however, halted more frequently than I could see any real necessity for. Question. What orders did you receive in relation to foraging ~ Answer. Before receiving any orders for foraging I took the responsibility of send- ing out a regular detailed foraging party, under the charge of my brigade quarter- master, Lieutenant Finney, with a guard of forty men. I succeeded in getting about three wagon-loads of corn, which was used principally by Battery B, Second Illinois Light Artillery, of my brigade This was at Robinsons plantiition. I think this was on the 7th day of the month. I think it was on the 10th of June that I received the first order for foraging from Colonel MeMillen for a detail of the commissary sergeant of each regiment and battery, with a guard, mounted, to go in advance of the column for the purpose of foraging. There was, as I understood from my quar- termaster, quite a quantity of forage obtained, but the fight taking place shortly afterward I never received any benefit from it. Question. Was any forage furnished to the battery of your brigade by the foraging parties of the cavalry ~ Answer. There was none. Question. At what time did the expedition arrive at Ripley ~ Answer. The head of my column arrived there about twenty minutes before 6 oclock on the morning of the 8th; the First Brigade of infantry having arrived the night before with the cavalry. The train kept well closed up and came into Ripley with the column. Question. Did you attend the council of war at Ripley; and, if so, what was said and done ~ Answer. I did attend. I was asked to attend by General Sturgis. General Sturgis, General Grierson, Colonel MeMihlen, Captain Belden, of General Sturgis staff, and myself were present. There was no brigade commander present except myself. General Grierson seemed decidedly in favor, for various reasons, which he stated, of returning to Memphis; his main reasons being the lack of forage and the state of the roads. General Sturgis, as near as I could judge from his renmarks, seemed to think very much as General Grierson, but did not express himself so in so many words. Colonel MeMillen spoke very determinedly in fav6r of going ahead, saying that if we returned to Memphis we would be disgraced. There was some talk as to abandoning or destroying the train at Ripley. The conclusion was to advance from Ripley and not return to Memphis. I then received orders as the council broke up to countermarch my brigade from the road on which I had halted, about two miles beyond Ripley, about a mile back, so as to take the Fulton road. We marched about four miles beyond Ripley, and there bivouacked for the night. We started on the march this day at 10 oclock and halted about 2 oclock imi the afternoon. Question. Do you think the expedition could have reached Ripley in less time than it did; and, if so ,howrnuch~ Answer. I think we could have reached Ripley without any doubt forty-eight hours sooner than we did. Questioii. Do you know why the halt was made at so early an hour on the day you left Ripley ~ Answer. I can see no reason for it whatever and I heard none given. Question. State the incidents of the march on the 9th. Answer. On the 9th we marched at 10 oclock, after rations had been issued and the wagons sent back with the sick. We marched on that day twelve miles and halted at about 6.30 p. m. near Stubbs farm, omi a high ridge, and bivouacked for the miight. ~ Question. Did you he~r of the proximity of the enemy on that day ~ Answer. I did, but nothing definite Page 163 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 163 Question. State the incidents of the 10th day ~ Answer. We marched at 10 a. m. I heard no reason given and could see none for not marching sooner. My brigade was iii the advance of the Inflintry column. The roads were bad, but by extra exertions the artillery and train kept closed up. At about 12 m. I halted the column, seeing that Colonel MeMillen, with his escort, had halted but a short distance in advance. About 1 oclock one of my staff officers, Lieutenant Rogers, who had been a short distance in the advance of the column, came to me and stated that he heard cannonading in the front. Shortly afterward I received an order from Colonel McMillen to move immediately, as General Grierson had met the enemy in considerable force, and was then fighting. After the column had been in motion about ten minutes one of Colonel MeMillens staff officers came back to me with the following order: That he would move, with his escort, at a gait he thought the infantry could keep np with, but if I found it was too nmuch for them, and that they could not stand it, to send him word. I marched at this gait (which was a very quick march) till I had an officer of my staff report to me that five men of the advance regiment had fallen down and were apparently sunstruck. I imnle(liately sent Captain Woodruff, of my staff, to Colonel McMill.en, saying that it was perfectly impossible for the men to march at that gait. After sending Captain Woodruff I moderated the gait of the column until I came to a small stream, where I halted for five minutes. I then moved forward at a moderate gait. Shortly after- ward I received a peremptory order from Colonel MeMillen to move forward as rapidly as possible; that the enemy were gaining ground. I then increased the gait to a very quick march till within about three-quarters of a mile of the cross-roads. I then received an order from Colonel MeMillen in person to move forward at a double-quick, which was done and kept up until the head of the column arrived at time cross-roads. I then had a position for the advance regiment assigned to it, in which position I saw it placed. ~rhe battery, which followed the advance regiment, I halted as they came to the cross-roads. When the second regiment came up I placed that also in position, according to orders. The battery I theim put in position, one section on the right and the other on the left of the cross-roads. The other regiments of my brigade I put into position as they came up, according to orders re- ceived direct from Colonel MeMillen. The left of my line rested on the Baldwyn road, my regiments being in time following order from left to right: One hundred and tlmirteenth, One hundred and twentieth, One hundred and eighth, Ninety-fifth, and Eighty-first Illinois. The right of the line extended to within about sixty yards of the Guntown road, this intervening space being occupied by a force of dismounted cavalry belonging to Colonel Winslows brigade. As each regiment was placed in position I gave it orders to deploy skirmishers forward and to feel of the enemy. They formed as nearly as possible a continuous skirmish line. This was about a quarter to 3 oclock. - Question. When you formed your line did you relieve the cavalry or form a line behind them ~ Answer. I relieved thema to some extent on my right. I saw no cavalry on the left of my line. Question. Describe the ground on which your hue was formed and the ground in front of it, so far as you could see it. Answer The around on which the line was formed was covered with very thick H timber, with quite a heavy undergrowth. On advancing personally to the line of skir- mishers on the left of the line, which was about fifty yards in advance of the line of battle, I could see still farther in advance, about 200 yards as I should judge, what npT)eared to be an opening, or at least a less dense growth of timber. I at this time saw two columns of the enemys infantry moving along my left and toward my rear. I at once went back to the cross-roads and ordered one section of the battery to commence throwing 5-second shells in the direction in which I had seen the enemy moving. I then found that General Sturgis, whom I was trying to find, had gone to the rear. I saw his adjutant-general, Captain Rawolle, and stated to him what I had seen of the enemys movements. I also told him that, in my opinion, the firing on the right of the line, which was then going on, was merely a feint, and that the main object of the enemy, I thought, would be to turn our left flank and get into the rear. Captain Rawolle went back to see General Sturgis, and he (General S.) sent back word to me to see Colonel MeMillen about the matter. Shortly afterward I s~ w Colonel MeMillen and stated the same to him. He seemed to disagree with me as to the fighting on the right of the line being a feint. Shortly after this the skirmishers were driven back and my whole line became engaged with the enemy. I should judge this was about 5 oclock. At this time the movement on the left flank comumenced, when I ordered the battery to cut their shells to three seconds. The enemy could not be seen from the battery, which was posted on open ground, bu Page 164 164 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. very near the timber~ neither could our own troops be seen from the battery. The enemy coul(l not be seen at a greater distance than twenty yards from our line or our skirniishers, owin~ to the dense growth of timber and underbrush. My line held their position nutil the left flank was turned, when the regiment on the ex- treme left of the line (One hundred aud thirteenth Illinois) lost quite a number of prlsoners. The entire line then ~radually fell back to the cross-roads, where I formed another line of battle, which they held for about twenty minutes. At this time I felt confident that if we attempted to hold this second line any longer that we would be completely cut off, as the enemy at that time were in our rear in consider- able numbers. I then gave the order to fall back, which was done for abont half a mile, where I formed the third line. This line was held but a very short time, prin- cipally on account of the lack of ammunition. At this time the entire train as far as I could see, was jammed up; the drivers and others taking the mules off and leaving the wagons and everything in them. I saw but one wagon that there was any attempt made to destroy, amid of that the cover was the only part that was burn- ing. This third line was about a quarter of a mile in advance of a creek, and a por- tion of the train was on the side of the creek nearest the cross-roads. Question. After informing Colonel MeMillen of the movement you had observed toward our left did you receive any further orders froni huin or from General Sturgis 6? Answer. I received no orders after that time until just before I formed the tbird line of battle of my brigade, when Colonel McMillen showed me the Position he wished me to take, with instructions to hold it as long as possible. I received no further orders after that until the next morning, when I arrived at Ripley, which was about 6 a. m. Question. At the time your first line fell back what troops were formed on your right and left 6? Answer. The troops of the First Brigade (Colonel Wilkins) were more immediately on my right and left, with some cavalry also on my right. On the left they did not closely connect, leaving a gap where the enemy entered and captured some prison- ers. I could ~ot tell how close a connection was made on my right. Question. Do you know whether the troops on your right and left fell back before or after your line did 6? Answer. Some of the troops on my right llaimk fell back before mine did. Question. Was there any cavalry fighting in front of your line at the time you took position 6? Answer. There was imot. There may have been before that. When I formed ummy line oC battle I posted it in some places at least twenty yards in advance of the posi- tion occumpied by the cavalry. Question. When you formed your line was there any firing on your right beyond the Guntown road 6? Amiswer. There was none except by the enemys sharpshooters imi the trees. The Board adjourned at 6 p. ni. to meet at 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 6, 18642 p. rn. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, Brigadier-General Buckland, Colonel Kappuer, and the re- corder. Present also, Col. J. B. Moore, Thirty-third Wisconsin Infantry Vol- unteers, who appeared and, having been duly sworn, took his seat as a member by virtue of the following order: SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ IIDQRS. DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, Ko. 72. Memphis, Teun., July 4, 1864. * * * * * * * X. Col. J. B. Moore, Thirty-third Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, is hereby detailed as member of Board of Investigation convened unde Page 165 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 165 Special Orders, No. 03, paragraph VII, current series, from these head- quarters, and will report without delay to the president of the Board. * * * * * * * By order of Maj. Gen. C. C. Washburn: W. H. MORGAN, Assistant Adjutant- qeneral. Col. GEORGE B. lOGEexamination continued. By the PRESIDENT: Question. What was the state of the weather during the march of the expedition~ Answer. It rained every day with the exception of one day, which was Sunday, the 5th. On the 10th it was excessively warm and oppressive. Question. What was the condition of your men when they went into the fight ~? Answer. Jaded and forlorn; exhausted. I never saw men go into a fight in bet- ter spirits and more confident of the result than they (li(l; l)ut some of theni actually dropped from exhaustion as they were going in; and when put in position some of them were so much exhausted that they were unahie to load their pieces. Question. Did your men load their pieces before or after getting into position G? Answer. We were halted at the cross-roads ahont three minutes, as I judged, for the purpose of loading. Some of the men of the first regiment were so much cx- hansted that they could not load, and being then ordered to hurry theni into posi- tion as aoon as possible, I placed them in position hefore loading, about a third of theni havin~ already loaded. The second regiment (the One hundred and twentieth) was halted at the cross-roads, from three to five minutes, to load. TIme men were so much exhausted that many of theum could not load. General Sturgis and Colonel McMillen were so very urgent that the regiment should he in position, and the regi- mental commander not being at the right of his regiment, I took command of it myself; brought it to a shoulder-arms and right-face, and started to march it into position myself; when Colonel MeKenig came to the right and took his regiment into position under the direction of one of Colonel MeMillens staff officers, Colonel Me- Milieu having ordered me to return hack to the cross-roads and attend to placing my other regiments in position. My entire c~nnmand, except the Ninety-fifth Illinois, seemed to be about equally exhausted, this regiment having come up at a more moderate gait, still all suffering more or less from exhaustion. Question. had any of your regiments loaded their pieces before reach- ing the cross-roads~ Am~wer. None of them had done so as a re~m ment to my knowledge, for there had been no such order given. Question. What proportion of your men fell out after you were or- dered forward to go itito action ~ Answer. I think at least 20 per cent. Question. Did the whole of yonr line become engaged at the same time ~ Answer. The engagement became general along the whole line at nearly tIme same time. Question. After the fight had commenced on yonr line did you see any of onr cavalry on your left I Answer. I did not. They miglmt have been there, as I eoul(l not see far for the timber. Question. Do you know of any effort being made to form a line on the - ridge, about one mile and a half back from the cross-roads Page 166 166 KY., SW. VA., PENN., MJS~., ALA., AND N. GA. tc~1IAL~. tL Answer. This may have been the line that I referred to yesterday as being my third line. It was formed this side the creek a wagon train was parked. , nd this side of where part of the Question. Was Colonel MeMillen or General Sturgis, either or both of them, there? Answer. Colonel MeMillen was there when I commenee(l to form the line accord- ing to his directions. General Stnrgis I did not see. Question. What sort of a position was that to form a line of battle? Answer. The position I consider a good one for lighting directly in front, but a very difllcnlt position in which to protect onr flanks. Question. Was it any worse in that resl)ect than the position where you did form line for action? Answer. No, sir; bnt at that place they had already got on our left flank in force. Question. How far was this ridge where you Prmed the last line of battle from the bridge across the creek? Answer. I should jndge it was from 150 to 200 yards. Question. What was the shape of the ground from the ridge to the creek, and was it timbered or open? Answer. It was a gradual slope to the creek and open for some little distance on each side of the road. Question. Was any of our artillery got into position on what you call the third line of battle? Answer. There was not. As far as my own battery was concerned, one gun and three caissons were in the hands of the enemy before this line was formed. The three other gnns and caisson of the battery could not have been placefi in position withont endangering their capture by the enemy. Question. iDid the enemy use any artillery during theaction; and, if so, at what time and place, and to what extent? Answer. There was artillery used by the enemy. The first furin~ of the artillery of the enemy commenced about the time the engagement commenced. Along the line of my front, I should think, there was at least a full battery of six guns. They nsed shell exclusively, so far as I could see. They followed us up with artillery for at least two miles after leaving the cross-roads. Question. Did the colored troops .take their turn in the advance of the column in marching out? Answer. They did. Question. From what you saw, what was the strength of the enemy at Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. I should think the force of the enemy engaged was from 9,000 to 11,000 men, including all arms. Question. In your opinion, was the retreat properly conducted, or as well as it might have been? Answer. I think it could have been better managed. I received no orders after the third line of battle was formed till I reached Ripley, at 6 oclock the next morning, when I searched for and found General Sturgis and Colonel MeMillen, and asked them for orders. I found them sitting under a trce near the center of the town of Ripley. At this time the infantry were coming into Ripley in a very dis- organized manner, a considerable portion of them having thrown away their arias and equipments. Colonel MeMillen told me to get my brigade together iu some open space, which I at once did as fast as they came in, stationing myself and three staff officers in the road. I moved out, according to instructions, on the Salem road. Very shortly I was attacked on the left flank, near the head of the column Page 167 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 167 by the enemy in force. The men being almost entirely out of ammunition and in a very exhansted state it was impossible to get them to hold their ground for any length of time. The retreat was covered by the cavalry all the way to La Fayette. Question. What tinie did you reach La Fayette, and at what time Collierville, on the retreat ~ and give the distance traveled. Answer. We reached La Fayette at about 3 oclock, and Collierville at about 7 or S oclock, on the morning of the 12th. I should judge the distance to be at least sev- enty miles from Ripley to La Fayette. The battle-field was twenty or twenty-two miles beyond Ripley. We marched all night of the 11th, and I think about the last ten miles coming into La Fayette was done at a trot. Question. How many rounds of ammunition did your men have when they went into the fight ~ Answer. I know that they all had forty rounds of ammunition on their persons, for I had caused an examination that morning by my ordnance officer, anif had all the deficiencies made up. Question. Do you know of any general officer or brigade or regi- niental commander having been intoxicated at any time after the expe- dition left Memphis ~ Answer. I do not. Question. Did you see any of the officers referred to in the last ques- tion drinking intoxicating liquors on the day of the fight ~ Answer. I did not see on that (lay any of the officers above mentioned drinking any liquors whatever. Question. What was the extent of bad road across the Ilatchie bot- tom where the artillery and train was stuck in the mud ~ Answer. About 200 feet, I should judge. The road there was very bad. Question. What was done toward repairing this bad place in the road when you crossed it going out~ Answer. When we first reached this place it was not passable at all for trains or artillery. Colonel MeMillens pioneer corps rel)aired the road so that the train and the artillery could pass. At 5 oclock and 15 minutes the Board adjourned until 2 p. in. to- morrow. M%MPIIIS, TENN., July 7, 18642 p. in. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, Brigadier-General Buckland, Col. J. B. Moore, and the recorder. Absent, Colonel Kappner, sick, an(l excused from appearing by the Board. The minutes of the preceding meeting read and approved. Col. D. C. THOMAS duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, amid regiment. How long have you been in the service, and what position did you hold on the late expedi- tion ~ Answer. DeWitt C. Thomas; colonel Ninety-third Indiana Infantry Volunteers; I have been in the service a few days over three years; I commanded my regiment a large portion of the time on the late expedition. On the retreat from Ripley to Collierville I commanded the largest part of the First Brigade, that part which came in on the Salem road Page 168 168 KY., SW. VA,, TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Question. In your opinion, were there any unnecessary delays on the march of the expedition from the railroad near La Fayette to Ripley.? Answer. I only recollect of one that I thonght was unnecessary. This was at La- mar on the second day out from La Fayette. We staid there one whole day. This day the weather was clear all day. A portion of the train did not arrive until 7 oclock on the lnornino o three miles back. ~ f this day, having camped the night before some two or Question. After leaving Ripley, was there much difficulty in getting the trains along at any place, except Hatchie bottom? Answer. There was one other h)lace, about four miles beyond Ripley, where the road crossed a creek, over which the crossing was very bad, where we were delayed some three or four hours on the second day out from Ripley. This bad place was about one mile beyond our camp of the previous ni~ht and about eleven miles from the Hatchie bottom. Question. Was anything done toward repairing this bad j)lace before the column reached it? Answer. There was sonie dirt and brush thrown in, which made the road worse than it was before. We were delayed there three or four hours until some plank were procured and the bridge recovered. Question. how far was your camp of that night (the 9th) from the Hatchie bottom? Answer. It was about two miles this side. We got into camp j)retty late that night. Question. What time did you march on the morning of the 10th? Answer. We starte(l about 6 oclock. Question. What was the extent of very bad roa(l in the Hatchie bottom? Answer. It was a quarter of a mile over the worst part of the road; seventy or eighty rods, as near as I could judge. Question. Was this a continuous mud-hole, or was it broken? Answer. It appeared to be a sort of a quicksand, with soft places where the mud was deeper and softer than in others. I judge of the length of this bad road from the fact that on the retreat therewere two pieces of artillery, two caissons, four ani- bulances, and, I think, an army wagon, with their teams all stuck in this bottom, and they (lid not extend half way across it. Question. Was the column delayed in crossing the hlatchie bottom? Answer. It was not, though I learned afterward that the train had an awful time getting through there. Question. Had anything been done toward improving this piece of road when you passed it? Answer. There were a few brush in one place, and that is all I noticed. No one was working there then. Question. What is the distance from the camp at Stubbs to Brice~s Cross-Roads? Answer. I call it between eleven aml twelve miles. Mr. Stubbs told me, as we re- turned, that it was thirteen miles. Question. Where were you when you first received orders to advance and go into action? Answer. Some two or two an(l a half miles this side from the cross-roads. Question. How long had your regiment then marched without rest- ing? Answer. We had unarche(l about one mile and a halfabout an hours time. We ~vere marching slow on account of the heat Page 169 EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. CHAP. LI.1 169 Question. Did you halt after that before going into battle? Answer. We halted once about 100 yards this side of the cross-roads for the men to examine their pieces and load. We halted about five minutes at that time. The men were very much exhausted. One officer of my regiment was sunstruck while stan(liag there, and from the remarks of my officers at least forty men must have fallen out from exhaustion before reachiug there. At the time we were ordered for- ward Captain Buckland, of Colonel MeMillens staff, ordered me to move forward at a double-quick, as our advance had been attacked by the enemy and their left had l)een turne(l. I ordered our men to take a long, quick step in order to keep up with the regiment next in advance. To do this the left of my regiment was obliged to itmove at a double-quick. Question. State the orders yoa received and what occurred after that? Answer. I followed the One hundred and fourteenth Illinois up to the cross-roads, bat did not receive any orders till reachiug there, when Colonel MeMillen met me and assigned my regiment to a position directly on the right of the Guntown road, my left resting on the road about 300 yards in advance of the cross-roads. I occupied the extreme right of the infantry line. I relieved the Third Iowa Cavalry. Coloael Noble, of the Third Iowa, remarked as he passed out that he had received mmo fire there at all, but that I would have a hdt time of it pretty soon. We threw out three companies of skirmishers, two forward and one to the right. In a few nminimtes my company of skirmishers on the left was pressed so hard that they fell back to time line. I then discovered that the enemy were working around to my left. I sent my adjutant to observe the distance between nine and the One hundred and fourteenth Illinois. lie reported it to be 150 yards. About fifteen minutes after getting into posi Uon I discox-cred the enenmy advancing in solid line directly npon me, overlapping uly limme commsiderahly at each end, and driving back my skirmishers and partly turn- ing my right. First I was imm doubt as to wlmetlmer they were time enemy or not, from lmearing my lieutenant-colonel order the men mmot to fire as they were our own umen, and because the majority of timem were blue coats and pants. My first impression was timat they were somime of our own cavalry, and in consequence they had opened lire and given us a volley before I knew who timey were. My lieutenant-colonel was immortally wounded and my a(ljntant killed at tlmis tinme, and umy other losses were heavy. I immediately opened fire and drove the enemny back a little, hut timey were turmming my riglmt and left flanks so that I was obliged to retire, each wimmg formin~ a convex line. I then fell back in line figlmting for fifty yards, and reformed my line. I charged on the enemy, and they drove me back. I fell back gradually to the cross- roads, fighting all the while, and having to reform nmy line eleven times, as the enemy, having a lomiger line, was continually turning both my flanks. At time cross-roads the Nimmth Minnesota came to my assistance on nmy riglmt, and together we drove the enemy back till I had regained my original position. TIme emmemy then fell back and I saw nothing of them in my front for a few minutes. I staid there a quarter of an hour, resting umy muen. I was then ordered back, I should say, at about 4 oclock to take a on time left ammd rear of time Second BrPrade on the left of the main road position about a quarter of a umile back from the cross-roads. I was then attacked in force, and was ordered to fall back to the rear of the fence at the road. At this time tIme Ninety-fiftlm Ohio was there; also a detachment of the Tentlm Missouri Cavalry, dis- umommntcd. While we were in that position we were attacked and drove them back. At tlmis time Adjutant Abel, of Colonel McMillens staff ordered me to fall back in as good order as possible, the enemy then coming in on our rear from the right. The road approaching Brices Cross-Roads bears mmearly to the east until it crosses the creek and just beyond it it tmmrns toward the south, so that tIme enemy threatened to cut off our retreat by conming in on our right. I retired across the field and over the bottom, across time inside of the angle made by time road (it was about three-quarters of a mile), till I strmmck tlme road again on a little ridge this side of time creek, where I found a colored regiment in position. The Board adjourned at 6 p. in. to meet at 2 p. in. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 8, ISGI2 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the members of the Board and the recorder. Examination of Col. ID. C. THOMAS continued Page 170 170 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [ChAP. LI. By the PRESIDENT: Question. l)id you form a line oii that ridge? Answer. No, sir ; we did not. We formed a line three-quarters of a mile this side of there, on the ridge to the left of the white house. I do not know by whose direc- tions. Colonel Wilkin was the first I noticed forming there. It was formed by the First Brigade. Question. How soon after you arrived there were you attacked by the enemy? Answer. I dont think it was over three minutes. Question. How much of a stand did you make there? Answer. We staid there about half an hour. Some of my drummer boys were burning wagons and cutting loose the mules at that place. One section of Muellers battery was in position there on the right by the white house, supported by the Sev- enty-second Ohio. We were fighting nearly all of the time we were there. We were again flanked by the enemy, both right and left. Question. When you retired from that position did you do so with or without orders? Answer. We retired without orders, and there were no comm~ uding officers in sight to give us orders. Question. At the time you fell back from that position where were the colored troops? Answer. These troops were falling back at the time I saw them. Getting back at this time was a regular stampede; there appeared to be no system about it at all. Up to this time the troops had been kept in pretty good order. Question. Was there any cavalry in line on the flanks when you were in this last position? Answer. There were none; I could have seen them if they had been very near. Back of where our line was formed was open ground. Question. When you were flanked by the enemy at this position did they also come up in force in the center? Answer. They did, l)ut not in such force as on the flanks. I think we could have held this last position if we could have been supported on the flanks. Question. Did you make any other stand between that point and Ripley? Answer. My regiment (lid not. Question. Do you think it was possible to have got the artiller and train through the Ilatchie bottom? y Answer. It would have been impossible without cutting a new road. I think a new road might have bcen cut. A citizen acquainted with that locality, who is iiow acting as a ~uide for Major-General Smith on his present expedition, informed inc since we returned that there was another and a better road crossing the creek a few rods above where we crossed. Question. How many rounds of ammunition did your men have when they went into the fight? Answer. They had forty-five rounds. When I started from Memphis we had fifty rounds. On the morning of the 10th a citizen, General Sturgis guide, remarked to me, in a laughin manner, that we would smell a fight before night, as the enemy were in strong force in our front. Shortly after, I asked General Sturgis if there was any enemy in our front, when he replied there was not any in front. I, however, had time that morning to have the cartridge-Thxes inspected, and I ascertained from that that my men had forty-five rounds. Question. State what you learned from the people on the road in re- gard to the position and strength of the enemy Page 171 CHAP. LI.] tXPEDITION IN~l?O MISSISSIPPI. 171 Answer. At Ripley, going out, a lady whom I took to be a very intelligent person, Mrs. Faulkner, wife of Colonel Faulkner, of the rebel service, informed me, in a laughing manner, in answer to my question as to where Forrest was, that Forrest had gone away from there with two divisions to re-enforce Johnston, but had re- turned again and that we would have plenty to do in a few days. I asked her if she knew of the number of men that Forrest had, and she said he had some 28,000. On my return she had breakfast prepared, and she called me in and I took breakfast with her. She wanted to know if I did not find her words very nearly correct. Question. iDid you inform General Sturgis of this matter ~ Answer. I did, on the afternoon of the same day that I heard it. He and I both treated the matter lightly. Question. What efforts were made, if any, to procure forage during the expedition~ Answer. I never knew of any arrangements being made about forage. What for- age we got was picked up by the drivers of the teams, and the quartermaster-ser- geant. When we abandoned our teams, there was in our wagons enough forage to feed our horses two nights. At the white house, two miles this side of the battle- ground, I saw plenty of forage. There was plenty also at Stnbbs; old corn, and blades of fodder. Between Ripley and La Fayette there was no forage. There ap~ peared to be plenty between Ripley and the cross-roads. Question. State any facts not already stated, which in your opinion had an influence in causing the disaster at Brices Cross-Roads. Answer. I think the commencement of the disaster was caused by the men being so much exhausted. In the second place, by the commanding officers of the expedition leaving the field without giving any instructions to brigade and reg- imental commanders. Third, if on falling back the infantry had all been notified to form line at the first frame house this side of the cross-roads, and if the cavalry had l)een halted and used upon the flanks, there would have been an opportunity of saving a portion of the ammunition, and giving the train time to retreat. This line could have been held till dark. The infantry lost a great many prisoners, because they were in the rear, without any ammunition, from Ripley, coming this way. The cavalry were engaged at Ripley, which protected the retreat of the infantry for about a mile from there. The cavalry were then driven by the enemy, and went to the front of the infantry. In consequence of this the rebels charged in on my command, which was a part of the First Brigade, and the men being very much exhausted and out of ammunition, I lost a great many prisoners. I then requested Lieutenant- Colonel Noble, of the Third Iowa Cavalry, to station his companies in such manner as to protect my rear, which he accordingly did, and I went and reported this mat- ter to General Sturgis. I asked him who had command of the cavalry that was pro- tecting the rear? He answered that it didnt make much dift~erence; there would be a hell of a stampede soon, or words to that effect. I replied that there was no necessity of a stampede; that I had taken the responsibility of ordering Lieutenant- Colonel Noble, with the Third Iowa Cavalry, to protect the rear, which he was then doing. General Sturgis remarked that I must be mistaken, as the Third Iowa was in the front. I assured hi,a to the contrary, as I had just placed them in the rear. He then informed me that Colonel Winslow had charge of the rear, and he sent for him, again assuring me that it was not necessary to do anything; that there would be a hell of a stampede, and every man would have to take care of himself. While his messenger was gone for Colonel Winslow, he said, Colonel, you have no command, and I have no command; I propose that we take the Nineteenth Pefinsylvania Cay some our MeMillen, alry, and take by-road and make escape. Colonels Ho e and Bouton were there; also Lieutenant-Colonel Eaton. General Sturgis asked Colonel McMillen what lie thought about it; to which he replied, that he was willing to do whatever I said. I told him that I didnt consider there was any danger of a stani- pede if the niatter was properly managed, and expressed my determination to stay with my men. When Colonel Winslow reported, General Sturgis said to him, I thought you were in charge of the rear, to which he replied, that he had been the night before, but didnt understand that lie was to be that day. General Sturgis then asked him if any of the cavalry had ammunition; to which he replied, that the Second New Jersey and a part of the Ninth Illinois had. General Sturgis then told him to place those regiments in the rear, which was done, and Colonel Karg6s Second New Jersey Cavalry took charge of the rear. After that we had no trouble to speak of nor any danger of a stampede Page 172 172 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. rOHAP. LI. Question. At what time were the men placed on short rations, and what measures were taken to procure a supply of meat or other pro- visions ~? Answer. On the 7th of the month, at Ripley, the rations were reduced to one-half rations of bread and one-quarter rations of meat. The brigade commanders organ- ~zed foraging parties. The foraging party of oar hrigade (the Thrst) secured sonic eight or nine beef-c~ ttle; among them three or four large steers. Citizens who owned the cattle made application to have them released. General Sturgis release(L the cattle. After that, General Stur~is issned orders that there sliollI(I he no for- aging. If any man was caught foraging his colonel or commanding oflicer should be held responsible, anti would he rel)orted to Washington for dismissal. This order was issued on the morning of the 8th. Question. Do you know of any general officer or brigade coinmamider having been intoxicated at any time during the exJ)editiolt? Answer. Not after we left La Fayette. Question. Did you see any of the above-named officers drink any intoxicating liquors on the day of the battle? Answer. I saw General Stnrgis and Colonel MeMillen take a drink of whisky before hreakfast. I saw no other instances (luring the day. Question. Did ycu see any of the officers above referred to intoxi- cated at La Fayette or before reaching there? and if so, name them. Answer. I saw one officer whom I thonght was intoxicated at the point where we disenibarked from the cars. This was Colonel MeMillen. lie was then commandiiig the First Brigade, to which my regiment was attached. Question. To what degree was lie intoxicated, and was it so as to umifit him for duty? Answer. He was so much so that to prevent exposure I got his aides-de-camp to get 1dm to a honse and place him in bed that iiight, audi I took command of the brigade until the next morning. Question. While Colonel McMillen was in this condition was he in a position to be observed by other officers and the muen of the comnmand? Answer. He was, at one time. In attempting t~ get from the cars he fell to the ground and had to be assisted to rise. At 6 p. m. the Board adjourned to meet at 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 9, 18642 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournmnent. Present, all the memubers, together with the recorder. The minutes of the preceding session were read and approved. Lienteijant-tolonel KIW duly sworn and examnined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your namne, rank, and regiment. ITow long have you been in the service, and what position did you occupy on the late ex- pedition under Ucueral Sturgis? Answer. John F. King; lieutenant-colonel One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry Volnnteers; I have been in the service since September, 1862; on the late expedition I commanded my regiment. Question. In your opinion were there any unnecessary delays on the march of the expedition? Answer. From the information I. gained from those connected with the train, I thAnk the expedition could have reached Brices Cross-Roads two days sooner than it did, if we had been supplied with forage Page 173 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 173 Question. State what you know in regard to the suppiy of forage for the expcditi6n. Answer. All I know is from the complaints I heard made. Captain Fitch, corn- mancling l3attery E, First Illinois Light Artillery, told me at Ripley, on the morning of the 8th that his animals conhl not go on without forage. I also heard Captain Mneller, of Mncllers battery, make similar complaints at the same time and place. I saw but very little forage along the road. I saw some growing corn and wheat along the road, bat not much. Forage for my teams was obtained by my qnartermastcr sendin~ a man ont to up a sack of corn This I said nothing abont pick occasionally. for I understood it to be in violation of General Stargis orders. Question. State at what time ~Oll marched on the morning of the 10th of June, and give the incidents of tha~t days march. Answer. I moved oat from Stabbs plantation about 5 oclock in the morning. I was attached to the First Brigade. The Ninety-fifth Ohio had the right of the bri- gade. Captain Fitchs battery with four gnus was next, and Captain Mnellers bat- tery with two gans next, and I followed the l)atteries. The rest of the brigade was in this order: Ninety-third Indiana, Ninth Minnesota, Seventy-second Ohio. When we reached the white house belonging to Doctor Ames (which I think was abont three miles from Brices Cross-Roads) we then received orders. Captain Buckland, of Colonel MeMillens staft told me that they were fighting in front, and said that Colonel MeMillen would give a handred dollais to have his brigade up there, and ordered me to keep well closed up to the battery. My regiment being a little behind I ordered them to double-quick, which they did for about 300 yards at that time. I kept on to the battle-ground, marching in quick time and double-quick in about equalproportion. While marching from Ames to Brices Cross-Roads, I saw a great many men who had fallen out by the way on account oftheheat. Many of them said that they belonged to Colonel Hoges brigade. When I formed my first line of battle, I think 100 men had fallen out, over oue-qaarter of my command. I halted at the cross-roads not over two minutes, and halted again about 100 yards beyond there on the Guntown road, just long enough to form line, and then went right into the position assigned inn by Colonel MeMillen. My men had loaded about half a mile back from the cross-roads. The position assigned me was to the left of the Gantown road and about 300 yards in advance of the cross-roads, my right resting about 150 yards from the Cuntown road and my line running parallel to the Baldwyn roa(l. On the lelt I could see no troops. The brush was very thick where my line was formed, and on all sides of us. I relieved a line of dismounted cavalry. I dont know what troops they were. I advanced my line about fifty yards beyond where they were. As I was going into this position, Colonel MeMillen informed me that there were two lines of oar troops in my front, and instructed me to be careful about tiring on that account. I relieved, as I understood it, one of those lines. I was informed at this time by a cavalry staff officer that there was a line of skirmishers in my front, and he also told me to be careful about firing. I gave instructions to all uiy line not to fire, as we had skirmishers in front. At this time I heard several of my men say that they were so much exhausted that they could not load. It turned out that there was no line of skirmishers in front. While in that position my officers and myself could occasionally see nina moving in our front, some of them dressed in bimue clothes and sonic in butternut. Some of umy officers and nien persisted in wanting to fire, saying that if they were our men they had no basiftess to be wearing butternut clothes. Some of my men did fire, in vio- latiou of orders, but only a few shots. In a few niinutes a rebel line advanced in plain sight, and I then opened fire. At the same time they opened heavily on us. The firing between time two limmes continued as munch as ten or twelve rounds, and I had a number of umen wounded, and some killed. The enenmy then fell back. They advanced again, amid I repulsed them time second tinme. Soon after this they coum- menced to flank me oim time right, so I swung back the rmght, and gave them a volley which repulsed them. They then commeuced to turn the left; the firing commenced a~aia oum my right amid in my rear. I then gave the ordci to fall back, and we formed a second hue. The firing was still conuing in on ummy flanks, and I fell hack again, firing occasionally until we got to the cross-roads. At this tinme my amen were in consi(Ierable confuision aml very much exhausted. I here formed about thirty yards in frouut of the artillery, whicim was in positioum, by Colonel MeMihlens orders. When I formed there there were quite a mimumber of troops ou my left. A number of time nuen told me that they behonged to the Eighty-first Ihhimmois. The artillery was in position just in rear of thin Baldwyn ro~ d; I think there were two sections; one piece was firimug dowim the Gumntowum road. My reginmemut extemided across thin Gum- town road amid iii front of a gnu, so that I had to break files on the right each timne thmut the gun was fired. After they lund fired a few rounds time Ninety-third Indlauma fell back and took a pesitioli Oh uny right, and were inimediately mumoved by the flank to the left and rear of Brices house. After this time I received no orders. Th Page 174 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. 174 [CHAP. LI. artillery limbered to the rear; I do not know by whose orders. One section of what I supposed to be Captain Chapmans battery moved off to my right and down the Pontotoc road. The troops at this time all scemed to be falling back. I fell back to the right of the Gantown roa(l, in order to protect this section of artillery. I formed my regiment about sixty yards to the right of the Gnntown road and in rear of the Pontotoc road aiid my right resting on the latter. The enemy were then coming in line by Brices house, skirmishers in advance, in superior numbers to mine. Ahi of the rest of our troops had flillen back, from all that I could see. I there gave the enemy two or three rounds. I again fell back some sixty yards and formed, my right resting some 100 yards in rear of the Pontotoc road. I tired probably a couple of rounds, and I again fell back some eighty or ninety yards and was in the act of forming again my sixth line, when Captain Johnson said to me, If we remain here five minutes longer we are all gone up. I then moved by the left flank behind a rail fence, thickly interspersed with vines, bushes, & c., in the nearest direction to the Ripley road, crossing the Tishomin~o, west of the bridge. I fell back within a quarter of a mile of Ames. I there struck the main column as it was falling back. I moved down~to the road and there saw General Sturgis, Colonel MeMillen, and Colonel Wilkmn. I here received orders froni Colonel Wdhkin to form on the left of the Ninth Minnesota, it forming east of time road, its right resting on the road. We held this new position until we were ordered to fall back. We fell back from 300 to 500 yards, and formed again to the west of the road immediately in the edge of the timber, there being an open field in our front. The colored troops formed in our front in the open field were very heavily pressed. The colored troops fell back to our rear. We repulsed the enemy, and held this position some fifteen minutes. lt was then after sundown. At the time I saw General Sturgis, Colonel MeMillen, and Colonel Wilkin together at the white house, Colonel MeMillen told Colonel Wilkin to hold the rear until it got dusk, and he wonld go ahead and reorganize and form- a Imne on a chosen position to protect us. By order of Colonel Wilkin we then moved to the Hatchie Swamp. Finding the road blockaded with artillery, amnbu- lances, amid wagomus stuck in the mud, amid receiving imo orders in regard to the dispo- sition of the train, we remained here until between 12 amid 1 oclock at night, when the artillery, ambulances, and train were abandoned, by whose orders I know not. Colonel Wilkin heard of a ridge road, a better and shorter road to Ripley, and we started in on it about 600 yards the other side of the Hatchie Swamp. It was a dark road and the night was dark, and Colonel Wilkin was fearful of getting lost, so we returned to the other. We proceeded to Ripley, arriving at Ripley at 7.30 or 8 oclock the next morning. One battalion of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry covered our retreat br three miles before we got to Ripley, and also until we arrived at Ripley. We remained in Ripley a short time, trying to find General Sturgis or Colonel MeMillen or some of their staff for the purpose of getting orders, but mione of them were there. We took, on leaving Ripley, the right-hand road, which led in the direction of La Grange, while the rest of the infantry and cavalry hind taken the left-hand road, kading throngh Salem. As we were leaving Ripley there were two re~iments of colored troops formed in line on our left. A portion of the cavalry (I think the Fourth Iowa) passed us, saying that we must look out for ourselves, that they could not protect the rear any longer, as they were out of ammunition. We marched that day and evening until 11 oclock, and we then bivouacked until morning. During that night the Fifty-fifth U. S. Colored Troops, under Captain Reeve, came imp and joined us. From there to Colhierville we came across the country roads, passing Davis Mills, and had fighting more or less all the time, arriving at Colhierville about 9 or 10 oclock on the morning of the 13th. We remained there until noon. Question. Were there any rebel forces at Ripley when you passed through ~ Answer. There were. They were fighting with our cavalry. Colonel Wilkin proposed to stop there, reorganize, and fight them, but could get no orders, and so we went on. We heard at Colhierville that the rebel General Buford and his staff had been in that town that morning. When the cars met us, two or three umiles this side of Colhierville, we were then fighting with the rebel cavalry. Question. How many rounds of ammunition did the troops in your column have when they arrived at Ripley on the retreat ~ Answer. I would say six or eight rounds. When Captain Reeve came up with the Fifty-fifth U. S. Colored Troops his men had from forty to fifty rounds. Some of the troops threw away a good many cartridge-boxes, amid my men picked them up. Question. What, in your opinion, was the cause of the disaster at Brices Cross-Roads Page 175 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPT. 175 Answer. First, exhaustion of the men; second, the bad management of the com- manding officers; third, the superior number of the enemy, and I do not think our lines were properly connected in our first line of battle, which gave the enemy an op- portunity to flank our -regiments and break our lines. Question. Do you know of any general officer or brigade or regi- mental commander having been intoxicated during the expedition ~ Answer. I do not. At 6 p. m. the Board adjourned till 2 p. in. 11th of July, 1864. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 11, 18642 p. rn. The Board met pursuant to adjonrument. All the members present; also the recorder. The minutes of the preceding session were read and approved. Lieutenant-Colonel EATON duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Qnestion. State your name, rank, and regiment. how long have yon been in the service, and what position did you occupy on the late expe- dition nnder General Stnrgis ~ Answer. C. G. Eaton; lieutenant-colonel of the Seventy-second Ohio Infantry voluimfeers; I have been in the service since October, 1861; on the late expedition I commanded my regiment. Question. State at what time you marched on the morning of the 10th of Jnne, and give the incidents of that day. Answer. We marched from Stubbs about 7 oclock in the morning. My regiment occupied the rear of the Second Brigade in line of march. I think it was a on 1 oclock when I received otders from Colonel MeMillen to keep ~vell closed up on the regiment in my front. We continued to march at a very rapid pace. I kept closed up as ordered for about three miles and a half before we halted. Some of the tinie we were on the double-quick in order to keep closed up. We halted after we had crossed the creek, and kept in the road, which turned to the right on the battle- field. My men were very much exhausted when I arrived at this point; quite a number fell down. I had rested in this position probably from five to ten minutes. I received an order from Colonel McMillen, by his aide, Lieutenant Livings, to move my regiment back to the log-house amid support a section of Muellers battery, with instructiomis to use my own judgment in placing my regiment to support the bat- tery. The battery was stationed in an orchard in fromit of the log cabin. There was an open field in front of the battery; to the left there was an open field of half a mile. I ordered forward four companies of my regiment to the woods in front as skirmishers. The balance of the regiment was stationed in line on the left of the battery. The skirmish line commenced skirmishing with the enemy before they arrived at the fence, at the edge of the woods in front of the battery. On my left were some cavalry skirmishers engaged with the enemy. Colonel Wilkin came with me when I was ordered to this place, and remained there with me till after the troops began to retreat. I remained in this position about an hour, amid I received an order from Colonel Wilkin to send one more company to the ri~ht as skirmishers. 1mm a few mimiutes after, I received an order from Colonel Wilkin to move across the road to protect, he said, the flank of the cavalry that was retreating across the bridge. I did not move the skirmish line. We remained in this position, I should thimik, twenty or twenty-five minutes. During the time I saw Muellers battery come away froum this position. The cavalry, during this time, had crossed the bridge. My skirmish coumpanies became very hotly engaged with the enemy about this time. The cavalry skirmishers had then withdrawn on my left. I rode on to a hill where I could look over the ground, and I found that the enenmy had. turned my skirmish line at right-angles almost. I moved my regiment back to very near its first posi- tion and opened on the rebels, driving them back into the woods. At this tinme I discovered the infantry and artillery on my right coming down through time open fields in a good deal of (hisorder. Colonel McMillen rode up to nine amid ordered me to Imold that positloim mmutil all the troops had crossed over the bridge. At this time a rebel battery opened on me f~om ~the right, throwing grape and canister. I r Page 176 176 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. mained in this position until all the troops had crossed the bridge, except two com- panies of negro troops that were on my right, and they crossed the creek above the bridge with my regiment. When I left the log cabin I could see a rebel line of battle on my right and left, extending from my right to very near half a mile on my left. I marcheff lay regiment by the flank along the road for, I shoilld think, abont half a mile. I met Colonel MeMillen, and he ordered me to march along by the side of the wagon train. I did this till I arrived at a large white house, about a mile from the creek. General Grierson requested me to form my regiment on the right of the road, better to protect the train, which was about a mile from the creek, and I did so. I remained in this position nearly an hour, I should think, until all the troops and the wagons had luassed out of sight. At this time it had got to be dusk~ I then moved along, keel)ing on the right-hand side of the road, receiving no orders, and seeing no one to give me any orders. I moved from that point to a hill on the other side of the Hatehie, arriving there abont midnight, at which place I halted my regiment and collected them too-ether. Question. Could you see our line from your position at Muellers bat- tery? Answer. I could see no portion of the line, except the cavalry skirmish line on my left. Question. Were you ordered by General Sturgis or any of his staff to go to the support of the cavalry which had been sent to the right ot the main line? Answer. I received no such orders at any period of the engagement. Question. Judging from your owii observations, what do you consider the causes of our defeat at Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. I think the manner in which we were put into the fight, and the exces- sive fatigue of tile men, and the want of confidence of the men in their commanding officers, and the superior nnnlber of the enemy. Question. What officers do you refer to? Answer. I refer to General Sturgis and Colonel McMillen. Question. What did this want of confidence arise froni? Answer. With Colonel MeMillen, it arose frola the men seeing hini in a beastly state of intoxication, and from reports that the men had gathered froul some quarter that General Sturgis was drunk most of the time. Question. Did you see either of them intoxicated during the expedi- tion ~? Answer. I saw Colonel MeMillen when I thought he was intoxicated. It was near La Fayette, I think, on the 1st of June. I did not see General Sturgis intoxicated wilile on the expedition. Question. What do you mean by the manner in which you went into the tight ? Answer. Going in without any preparation; without replenishing ammunition; without even halting a sufficient length of tune to enable the men to load their pieces. It appeared there was a want of system in connecting the lines and finding out where any one else was. Question. In what condition was your regiment when you formed line one mile this side of the creek? Answer. They were in good order; not demoralized, and were all there. The men timat Ilad fallen out from the effects of the heat had rejoined. Question. What was time condition of your regiment, as to numbers, & c., when you arrived at Ripley? Answer. At Ripley, at 7 or 8 oclock in the morning, I had 320 odd muskets and 9 men missing, and from 8 to 20 rounds of ammunition. Questioii. What orders did you receive at Ripley preparatory to re- treating from that place Page 177 Cm~r. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 177 Answer. I received an order from Colonel McMillen to put the brigade in march, saying I was the senior officer present; put it on the Salem road and follow the cav- alry. Question. What was done under that order ~ Answer. I ordered the brigade to move immediately in the following order: Sev- enty-second Ohio, Ninety-fifth Ohio, One hundred and fourteenth Illinois, Ninety- third Indiana, and Ninth Minnesota. As the brigade was moving, Colonel Thomas came up and assumed command. We moved out ou the Salem road. Question. How many men did you lose from your regundnt after leav- ing liipley on the retreat, and what was the cause of their being lost ~ Answer. We lost 234 men and 11 officers. The cause of their being lost was, I sup- pose, their being overcome with fatigue and heat, as they were ordered to move at a very rapid pace to keep np with the cavalry. The cavalry anti infantry were mixed up on the road, and at one time a cavalry regiment was driven right through my column. Question. What is the distance from Ripley to Collierville, and at what time did you arrive at the latter place ~ Answer. I think it is about fifty miles. We arrived at Collierville about 5 oclock on the morning of the 12th. Question. Judging from your own observations, what was the strength of the enemy at the light l Answer. I saw at the time 1 left the hill to cross the creek a line of battle at least a mile long. It appeared to be a continuous line of two ranks. I judged that line to contain somewhere about 5,000 men. The ground was clear and I could see them quite plainly. The ground was broken somewhat on my right, so that I could not see the whole line, but it appeared to be continuous. These appeared to be all in- fantry. I could see no other of the enemy near there. During the hottest of the engagement, in the front of the cross-roads, of which I judged by the firing, I could see on my left for half a mile a large number of the rebels, not actively engaged, but occasionally firing at the skirmishers. When they advanced on my left and turned my skirmish line, before I had withdrawn, they advanced in large force. The last Line of battle which I saw, which was one mile in length, advanced in beautiful style, and with their banners flying, but I did not hear them fire a shot. They had no skirmish line out. At 6 p. m. the Board adjourned till 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 12, 18642 p. rn. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the members of the Board and the recorder. The minutes of the preceding session were read and approved. Captain BUCKLAND duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; relate the time you have been in the service, and the position you occupied on the late ex- pedition under General Sturgis. Answer. II. W. Buckland; captain, Seventy-second Ohio Infantry Volunteers; I have been in the service since October 5, 1861; on the late expedition I acted as chief quartermaster for the Infantry Division, on the staff of Colonel MeMillen. Question. At what time did you assume that position l Answer. In the morning after we arrived at La Fayette; I think on the 2d of June. 12 R I~yOt XXXIX, PT Page 178 178 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Question. Who had charge of the supply train during the expedi- tion ~ Answer. Until we arrived at the first camp beyond Ripley, Lieutenant Shattuck, Ninth Illinois Cavalry, and acting assistant quartermaster, had charge of the supply train. He was assigned to that position, I believe, by General Washburn, and reported direct to General Sturgis. After lcaving that camp, Lieutenant Stratton, of a cavalry regiment, and Lieutenant Dement, acting assistant quartermaster, I do not know of what regiment, both claimed to have charge of the supply train. I heard theni qnarreling about it during the fight. This was just this side of the Tishomingo Creek, where the train was parked. They both claimed to have been placed in charge of it by General Sturgis. On the retreat, as I came up to the white house, General Sturgis requested me to park the train there, stating that he desired me to take charge of the parking of the train, as he could get nobody to do anything with it. General Sturgis said that he would bold that position until dark and in the mean time issue rations and ammunition to the troops, after which he would burn the God-damned train with the remaining supplies. I commenced parking the train, but not over half of it had come up when I received orders from Captain Bel- den, one of General Sturgis aides, to move the train on to the road; that they were not geing to attempt to hold that position. I immediately started the head of the train, which soon became blocked up with artillery and ambulances; the drivers of the train, whose (cams were getting blockaded, cutting them loose, mounting their mules, and riding to the front. I rode at the head of the train about a mile and a half, when I received orders from Colonel MeMillen, by an orderly, to report to him at the head of the column. I obeyed that order and remained with Colonel MeMil- len from that time until we arrived at Stubbs. I left no one in charge of the train. I did not consider myself in charge of the train. General Sturgis was present when I reported to Colonel MeMillen. I asked Colonel MeMillen what was wanted, and he said, nothing, only that General Sturgis had requested that himself and staff should ride with him at the head of the column. Question. At the time you left the train was it moving or had it be- come obstructed? Answer. Portions of it were moving; other portions had been abandoned. Question. Had the head of the train arrived at Hatchie Swamp when you left it? Answer. It had ust arrived at the worst part of the Hatchie bottom. Question. Do you know what infantry troops were ahead of the train at that time? Answer. I do not. Question. Did any of the infantry troops leave the white house before the train did? Answer. I am not able to say whether or not any organized bodies of them did. Question. Who had charge of the ordnance train? Answer. Lient. J. W. Watterson, regimental quartermaster, Seventy-second Ohio Infantry. Question. How much of that ordnance train crossed south of the Tishomingo Creek? Answer. I saw none of it cross the creek. Question. Had you anything to do with procuring forage on the march out? Answer. I did. Question. What efforts were made to procure forage, and with what success? Answer. I organized brigade foraging parties, consisting of mounted men, and at times went with one or the other of them, We generally met with very poor succes On the day of the fight I had foraging parties in front of the infantry column, which I think succeeded in filbug all of the wagons they took with corn ~ud fodder, I saw, aho, a Wagon-mast ~z of the supply train who had three or fou Page 179 CEAP, LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 179 wagon-loads of forage. Between Ripley and the cross-roads there was not a suffi cient supply of forage for the animals of the expedition unless the cavalry took it before the infantry got up. Question. Did you have charge of any part of the train on the march out? Answer. After leavin b La Fayette I had no direct charge of the train. I gave orders to the brigade quartermasters in regard to the movements of their respective trains. Question. State as far as you know whether the train was moved as rapidly as it could have been on the march out? Answer. In my opinion it was. Question. Were the troops delayed in consequence of the train being behind at a.ny time? Answer. They were the day we left the first camp beyond Ripley. The train was sometimes delayed by the troops. Question. What orders did you receive, and from whom, in regard to foraging? Answer. I received orders from Colonel MeMillen to organize brigade foraging parties and to have them report their forage at night to be distributed. Question. Where was the supply train when you first heard that there was fighting in front? Answer. The head of the column had just crossed the Hatchie Swamp, having passed it from a quarter to half a mile. The position of the supply train in the column was behind two brigades of infantry. Question. What~ orders were given in regard to the train after that? Answer. Orders were sent by Colonel MeMillen to the first brigade in column to move as rapidly as possible without fatiguing the men to the front, and to the next 1)rigade, Colonel Wilkin, to move forward as rapidly as possible without leaving the train, and to bring the train forward. When the train came up near the bridge (the bridge on the Tishomingo Creek), General Sturgis gave us orders. I reported to General Sturgis that the head of the division train was up. General Sturgis ordered it parked in the open field on the right of the road, where the whole train was parked. Question. Did you see General Sturgis or Colonel MeMillen drink any liquor on the day of the battle? Answer. I did once, at the house where we halted when we first heard of the fight going on. Question. Did either of them appear to be intoxicated at any time that day? Answer. They did not. Lieut. G. W. MOURER duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, and the i)osition you occupied on the late expe(Iition. Answer. George W. Mourer; lieutenant and regimental quartermaster of the One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry; I have been in the service since August 27, 1862; I acted on the expedition as brigade quartermaster, also as quartermaster of my regiment, having charge of both. The brigade was the First, and commanded by Colonel Wilkin. Question. Were you with the train all the way to Brices Cross- Roads? Answer. Yes, sir; as far as it went Page 180 180 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Questioll. State what orders you received ill regard to foraging. Answer. I never received any order in regard to foraging, but there was a general order prohibiting foraging except by an organized squad under Lieutenant Quail; acting reoim eiital quartermaster, Indiana. Ninety-third Question. What amount of forage was procured by this squad, and of what kind ? Answer. I dont think this squad ever got any. This squad also had orders to get beef, to which they paid more attention than they did to getting forage. Cap- tain Buckland went out on two or three occasions to get forage, and got two or three wagon-loads on each occasion. Question. Was there any considerable supply of beef procured ~ Answer. No, sir; I think not much. When we got to Ripley there were thirty or forty head of cattle procured, about one-half of which would have been fit for beef. A portion of those that were fit for beef were released by order of General Sturgis, in consequence of which my regiment got no beef that iiight. Question. Did you see any forage along the road which was not taken~ Answer. No, 5ff; none of any account. Question. Was the march from La Fayette to Brices Cross-Roads made as rapidly as the train could have been moved ~ Answer. That is a matter of opinion. I think the train could have been moved faster. We were still two days that we didnt march at all. Question. What orders did you receive about moving the train after you heard of the fighting in front on the 10th ~ Answer. My orders were to keep well closed up and follow cl6sely the First Bri- gade (Colonel Wilkin), as that was ordered to the front, and it was desirable to delay it as little as possible. Question. Where did you halt your train, and by whose orders ~ Answer. I didnt receive aiiy orders to halt, but the Second Brigade was ahead, and they halted about 100 yards from the Tishomingo Creek, and my train neces- sarily halted. Question. What was then done with your train ~ Answer. The train stopped there for some time, and I went up toward the battle- ground, and our troops were falling back. When I got back to the train it had been turned around on the road. I inquired by whose orders it was done, but no one could tell. I stopped ~he train. Soon after I saw a lieutenant on General Sturgis staff, and asked him what was to be done with the train. He said the orders were to take it to the front, which I then commenced doing. I turned the train around through the field toward the creek. At the same time the ammunition train started across the creek and went forward. Before I got to the creek I met another officer of General Sturgis staff; who directed me to park the train in the field, which I did. While we were parking the train at this place the rebels commenced throwing shell from our left and over the position occupied by Muellers battery. I had just got my train parked when the supply train commenced moving out. Captain Buckland then came up and told me to follow the supply train. I think all of the wagons got out of that field. I got onto the road and went about half a mile. The artillery came up and went ahead of us, and forced everybody to give the road to them. My bri- gade train was abandoned at that point. Part of the supply train was also aban- doned there, and part of it got through to the white house. Question. Were there any of the wagons and contents destroyed ~ Answer. Yes, sir; some of them were set on fire. Question. Who had the general charge of the wagon train at that time~ Answer. I do not know. At the time the train was turned around Lieutenant Stratton and Lieutenant Dement were quarreling about it; as to who had charge of the supply train. I went up to the white house, aud upon reaching it found most Qi ths white troops in line there Page 181 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 181 Question. low long did the troops remain in line at that point ~ Answer. I do not know. Question. Did you see General Sturgis, General Grierson, or Colonel MeMillen drink any liquor on the day of the battle ~ Answer. No, sir; Idid not. Qnestion. Did you see either of them intoxicated during the expedi- tion ~ Answer. I did not. Question. What was the feeling among the troops as regards confi- dence in their commanding officers ~ Answer. All that I heard express themselves did not have confidence in their commanding officers above their regimental commanders. I only heard expressions of this nature in my own brigade. Our brigade commander was an entire stranger to us. Questions. What were the reasons for the want of confidence in other commanders besides Colonel Wilkin ~ Answer. It was ~enera]ly reported throngh our brigade that General Sturgis and Colonel McMillen had been drinking pretty hard on the trip. General Stnrgis made the remark at the first camp beyond Ripley (as it was generally understood) that be did not expect to save a wagon of his train. I heard nien and officers say before the battle that if General Sturgis thought that he must acknowledge himself already whipped. At 6 p. m. the Board adjourned till 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPuIS, TENN., July 13, l8642p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. The members of the Board and the recorder present. The minutes of the preceding session were read and approved. Capt. A. T. REEVE duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, and the position you occupied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. A. T. Reeve; captain, Fifty-fifth Infontry, U. S. Colored Troops; I have been in the service a little less than three years; upon the late expedition I acted as field officer for my regiment and second in command. Question. What part did your regiment take in the fight on the 10th of Jun& i Answer. My regiment was in the advance of the brigade of colored troops, and was disposed of through the train, four men to each wagon as the train guard, there being 160 wagons in the train. Beyond Hatchie Swamp, not less than two miles this side of Tishomingo Creek, and before we reached the white house, we received an order, I think from Colonel Bouton, to leave the train, close up our men, and move them to the front as fast as possible. The two advance companies, I and B, were sent forward and put into line with the white troops, I think by General Sturgis order, to a point just beyond the Tishomingo Creek. The remainder of the regiment was placed in line of battle on the left of the road and at right angles with itin the edge of the timber this sideto the Tishomingo Creek bottom. When our regiment formed this line the white troops were falling back, and we were in line from five to ten minutes before we were engaged. I think this was about 4 oclock. We were at- tacked directly on our front, the two companies that were in the advance falling back and forming on our line. We fought from twenty to thirty minutes and were then com- pelled to give away on account of a movement being made on each flank. The reg Page 182 182 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MJSS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. IL ment was ordered to retreat by Major Lowe, who was wounded just about that time. He turned the command over to me, and we retreated about a quarter of a mile and formed on the left of the Fifty-ninth Colored Troops, which we found in line. Our right rested on the right of the road and covering the road. We held this position for probably from a half to three-quarters of an hour, and until we were flanked by a heavy infantry force on our left, when we moved by the right of companies to the rear, by order of Colonel Bouton, and across an open field for a distance of sixty or eighty rods, about the last half of which distance we were obliged to make on double-quick to escape the punishment of the enemy. We formed in the edge of the timber on the brow of a small hill immediately after crossing a field, and put every man in line that was able for duty. Many of the men were nearly exhausted. Our left just covere(l the road. We fonght there from a half to three-quarters of an hour, a little ammu- Iiitioii having been sent us to that point; I dont know by whom, but I think from General Grierson. We were abl& to keep the rebels from crossing the field in our front until a force of them came around on our left. Nearly all of our officers and many of our nien were unable to do their duty from sheer exh~ ustion. We fell back to avoid being flanked, a distance of about eighty rods, where Captain Lambergs section of artillery was in position, and formed immediately on his left. We were in that position but a few moments before we were attacked in front and on the left so heavily that we were unable to hold our position. This position was in the woods, and such that, from Captain Lambergs position, he couldnt see the enemy on the left on account of the brush. When I saw that we were unable to protect his guns, I rode up to him and told him that he would have to move his guns as quick as possible, as there was an overwhelming force on my left. He succeeded in mov- ing his guns, leaving, I think, one caisson. We moved into the road, which was considerably blocked up- with wagons and teams; most of the wagons were without mules; some tipped over; two I saw with the covers on fire. We moved back a short distance, perhaps sixty or eighty rods, to a white house, where some of the white infantry had halted, and formed a line on the left of the road. As we were leaving our last position we were again nearly out of ammunition, and met some cavalry bringing us ammunition. I learned that it was sent by General Grierson. We smashed the boxes in the road, and I ordered my men to take enough to fill their cartridge-boxes as they passed along. We rested a few moments in the rear of this line of white infantry, and moved back as they were forced back. From this time I saw nothing that acted very much hike an organization, but it looked like a reg- ular stampede. The last line of cavalry formed by a fence. It was now becoming dark. During this retreat I dont know that there was any cavalry acting on our flanks. I gathered up what I could of my men during the night, stopping occasion- ally when the men were tired out to rest, and calling out the number of my regi- ment as the troops passed by. On reaching Ripley at sunrise the next morning I reported a total of 300 men to Colonel Bouton; probably 250 of them were fit for fi~,hting. At this time we had about forty rounds of ammunition. Many of my men secured ammunition when it was sent back to us, and many others from the train as we passed it. Question. During the night while retreating to Ripley what was your position in reference to the rest of the troops? Answer. We were mixed in, near the rear. Question. Where was this train from which some of your men got ammunition, and was it moving or was it stuck in th~ bottom? Answer. I dont know exactly, but I think they got it before the train got to the Hatchie bottom. Question. How many armed men had you in your regiment when you got to Ripley? Answer. I judge I had about 250. Question. Was the Fifty-ninth there at Ripley with you? Answer. It was. They reached there about the same time, about sunrise on the morning of the 11th. Question. What did you do at Ripley ~ Answer. We remained at Ripley about three-quarters of an hour, when I received an order from Colonel Bouton to fall my men in and move out on the Salem road, im- mediately in rear of the Fifty-ninth Colored Troops. Before we were able to move, as our men were falling in, General Grierson rode in on the Guntown road and told me that I must get these men out as soon as possible; that the enemy were closin Page 183 CHAP. LI.) I~XPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 183 in all around us. He spoke to me two or tliree times before the Fifty-ninth moved, to get my men out as fast as possible; that they must go immediately. I mounted as many of my disabled men as possible on mules. Before we got out of the town the Fifty-nitith filed to the left and went into line facing to the east, and I formed a line on their left without orders. There were white troops formed on my left. We were immediately engaged by dismounted men. We fought probably from twenty to thirty minutes. The troops on my left gave way and I was attacked on my left flank by rebels who took possession of some houses and a large church. We re- treated across an open field, or common, to Pie woods, forming a line just over the brow of a little hill, just before entering the brush. Finding that we had no sup- port we fell back just as the enemy came up. At this time my regiment and the Fifty-ninth were in line together and fell back into the timber in line. Here about 250 of these regiments were separated from the rest and surrounded by the enemy in this woods. Captain Foster and myself were with them, and I took command. We finally got out and away from them and struck for the north. We moved by the way of Saulsbnry and Grand Junction, keeping in the woods all the way. From near Saulsbury to Moscow we were constantly skirmishing with the enemy5 cavalry. They charged on us two or three timcs, but we repulsed them. At Mos- cow we got out of ammunition, and we scattered through the woods, every man going in for himself. From this point till we reached Germantown the loyal citi- zens of Tennessee turned out and hunted us with bloodhounds as we passed along. I reached Germantown on the 15th, about t oclock in the afternoon. A good many of my men got in about the same time. We there found some of our cavalry. We passed a rebel camp in the vicinity of Colliervilie, which was said to be Bells brigade of rebel cavalry. Question. At the time you formed your line at Ripley did you see General Sturgis, General Grierson, or Colonel McMillen there? Answer. I did not see General Sturgis or Colonel McMillen. I saw General Grier- son a few minutes before we went into line. Question. What white troops formed on the same line? Answer. 1 cannot say for certain. I think the Ninth Minnesota went into line when we first went into line; I do not know wbat other regiments. At the time we fell back into the timber there was a light line of cavalry formed on our left flank that skirmished a little. Question. Where was Colonel Boutou at this time? Answer. I cant say. Question. Did you see the rebel line of battle as it crossed the Tishomingo Creek? Answer. I saw it after it had crossed, but not when it was crossing. Question. What was the strength of the line? Answer. I could not judge, because I could only see their line at different points on account of the woods, brush, & .c. Captain LAMBEYiG duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, and what position you occupied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. My name is Carl Adolph Lamberg; captain Battery F, Second U. S. Light Artillery (colored troops); I bave been in the service since June 1, 1862; I was in command of my battery, consisting of two pieces, on the late expedition. Question. What forage did you have for your animals on the march? Answer. I had with me from here two days forage. After that I sometimes got a little corn, but most of the time had to bait my horses on green feed. Once, for two days, I could get nothing for the horses but green feed. Question. Did you have any corn for your horses on the day of the battle Page 184 184 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LL Answer. I did, in the morning. On the morning of the day before the battle I went out myself about fifty yards beyond the pickets and got a wagon-load of corn. That would have lasted about three days. Questiom How much corn did you see at that place? Answer. I should think there were about 400 or 500 bushels in all. It was hid under a covering made of fence rails and brush. Question. Did any one else get any of that corn? Answer. I dont know of any one except Colonel Bouton; I think be got two wagon-loads. I only found it a few minutes before we marched in the morning. Question. I)id you see any forage at any other place on the route, and was it obtained? Answer. On the first days march beyond Ripley we passed a crib of corn, near the road, containing about 400 bushels. I tried to get some of it, and found it guarded by cavalry soldiers who said they were placed there by order of General Sturgis. This was at the time when my animals were without corn for two days. I saw corn at other places which was taken by quartermasters. At Lamar our brigade had plenty of corn, which was secured there. Question. What part did your battery take in the battle of the 10th? Answer. My battery was the last one engaged. I wa~ at the rear with the train guard, the Fifty-ninth and my battery being in the rear of the train. When I caine up to the train the wagons were turning around and going to the rear. I was ordered to countermarch my battery, which I did. By this time the road was occu- pied by other batteries and wagons going to the rear. When I got about a quarter of a mile I was ordered to go into a position on the right, which I did, and opened fire and fired about forty rounds. The enemy opened fire from a battery in my front and afterward changed to my right. After firing about forty rounds Captain Reeve told me that the enemy were comin~ right in upon us in our front. I then moved my battery to the rear, but not very far, because the road was still blockaded in the same manner. I afterward moved to the rear. I went as far as the Hatchie Swamp, to where the road became so blocked up that I was compelled to abandon my buns, which was done on consultation with Colonel Wilkin, who had two regi- ments in the rear, we first having waited there four hours for orders and r~ceived none. Question. What did you do with your guns when you abandoned them? Answer. We spiked the guns, broke off the rammers in the guns, cut the wheels, and threw the ammunition in the mud. We threw at least three-quarters of the ammunition in the mud. At 5.30 p. in. the Board adjourned until 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENm, July 14, 18642 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the members of the Board and the recorder. The minutes of the preceding session read and approved. Capt. H. S. LEE duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the len4h of time you have been in the service, and what position you occupied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. H. S. Lee; captain Seventh Wisconsin Battery; I have been in the serv- ice three years the 17th of last April; on the late expedition I had immediate charge of a section of my battery and verbal instructions from General Grierson, command- ing Cavalry Division, in case of an engagement to take charge of the artillery of the Cavalry Division which consisted of my two pieces, two pieces of the Fourteenth Indiana Battery and two pieces attached to the Tenth Missouri Cavalry Page 185 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 185 Question. Where did you join the Cavalry Division ~ Answer. I was ordered to report to General Grierson by General Buckland. I met General Grierson the evening before the expedition started, and he instructed me to report to Colonel Winslow, whom I overtook and joined at Whites Station. My two pieces and those of the Tenth Missouri were attached to the brigade commanded by Colonel Winslow, and a section of the Fourteenth Indiana Batter to the brigade commanded by Colonel Waring. y Question. After leaving La Fayette did you march in advance of the infantry column ~ Answer. We marched in advance of the infantry column all of the time. Question. How were you supplied with forage for the animals under yonr chargel Answer. Shortly after leaving La Fayette our forage was exhansted and we had to depend on the country. I think I received no Government forage after the second day out. The supply of forage was very limited, the country being destitute, and it was very difficult to get. I nsed every exertion to get forage. I had my extra men mounted with sacks and feed-bags, and had them pick np all the forage they could along the road. A considerable portion of the time I was unable to procure any forage. Colonel Winslow, commandino the l)rigade, sent detachments of cavalry after forage for my battery. They procured a very little. During the forty-eight hours prior to the engagement at Guntown my animals (Seventh Wisconsin Battery) had had three ears of corn each only. A portion of the time Colonel Winslows bri- gade was in the advance and a portion of the time it was behind Colonel Warings brigade. Question. Which brigade was in theadvance on the (lay of time actioim l Answer. Colonel Warings. Question. Did you have any forage on the day of the fight ~ Answer. We had no forage on that day. We marched very rapidly from Stubbs to the scene of action. Question. What time did you march on the mnorning of the 10th, and what part did your batteries take in the action of that day ~ Answer. We moved from Stubbs I think about 6 oclock, Captain Joyces pieces of the Tenth Missouri and my two pieces being together in column near the center of Colonel Winslows brigade. When we had reached a point about three-qnarters of a mile from Brices Cross-Roads, a few minutes after 10 oclock, our portion of the column was halted. This was just at Tishomingo Creek. We heard rapid and rather heavy tiring of small-arms in front. Captain Joyces two gnus were put in position on the right-hand side of the road, just beyond the creek. I moved mine up, but did not go into position. We remained there, I should think, twenty min- utes. We received orders to move forward from Colonel Winslow. We moved up to the intersection of the two roads at Brices house. I received orders from Colonel Winslow and also from Captain Woodward, General Griersons assistant adjutant- general, to select positions for the artillery. This was about 11 oclock. I examined the ground thoroughly in front and to the right and to the left, and went down to the skirmish line two or three tinmes to see if I could fire over them without danger. I could find no position in advance of the cross-roads that was favorable for execu- tion. I then put my two guns on the left of the main road, and on this side of and very near to the Baldwyn road. The Fourteenth Indiana Battery guns were sta- tioned on the left of the main road, immediately on the other side of the Baldwyn road. Captain Joyces guns were put in position just at the intersection of the two roads, just to the right of the main road. The guns were placed so as to sweep the front. When we commenced firing our center was being pressed heavily, and the guns were posted so as to bear upon the force that was endeavoring to crush our center, and we opened fire with all the guns, firing over our cavalry line. We were engaged in this manner and with the rebel guns, I should think, until 1.30 oclock. Just before this the batteries of Captains Mueller, Fitch, and Chapman came up, just before we ceased firing. At about the same time a staff officer rode up and reported that a large rebel force was forming on our extreme left to charge. I saw none of my commandino officers present at the time, but found Colonel Winslows adjutant, and asked him if he could relieve those guns on the hill. He replied, Yes; you will be relieved. I saw Captain Fitch a moment afterward, and spoke to him about taking position where my two guns were. My two guns moved out by my order t Page 186 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. 18~3 [CHAP. LI. the rear. Captain Joyces had just been moved ont by CQlonel Winslows order. We moved to the rear until we came to an open field near the creek, directly oppo- site the force of the enemy that was on our kft, and opened fire on the line of the enemy, which was formed in line behind a fence, on the extreme left of our line. They opened on ns with small-arms, and with Captain Joyces battery and mine we shelled them out of their position. The infantry column had come up just before we were relieved by Captain Fitch. We staid there till our lines were all broken and the stampede commenced. The train commenced moving out on the road, and it was with great difficulty that we could get along. I saw General Grierson a few moments after this, and he said, Captain, cant you find a position some- where along here and check them~ We moved back to a house across the flat, where the wagon train was parked; it was a very good position. I saw Captain Joyce. He put his guns into position on the left. I put mine in position on the right, in a little orchard, so that the four guns covered the road and the open ground. Here I saw General Grierson again trying to organize the column, and asked him if I could have support. He said he would see, and said, Cant you open fire ~ A rebel battery had opened fire on us here, and shells were falling rapidly. The wagon train continued to move out. As it did so, it came directly in front of our pieces. In consequence of this and the large number of our own men who were engaged in cutting their teams loose and mounting themselves, we could not fire. I so reported to General Grierson. He said, Then, limber up and go on. I did so. Captain Joyce succeeded in getting into the road with his pieces, and moved on. I could not get into the road on account of the teams blocking it, and we moved through the woods, picking and cutting our way through for about five miles, when I struck the road, and fell in the rear of the ambulance train. I kept that place in column until we reached the Hatchie bottom. It was late at night. I succeeded in getting one gun and three limbers through this bottom. The other carriages it was impossible to get through, in consequence of abandoned am- bulances, drowned and dying horses and mules, and the depth of the mud. I worked four and a half hours in the swamp endeavoring to get the guns through. I was compelled to abandon them; before doing so I spiked the other piece, dismounted it, and threw it into a sink-hole, where it went down about eight feet. I cut down all the carriages, and threw all the ammunition in the mud that I could not bring away. I brought the one piece and three limbers as far as Ripley. I reached Ripley the next morning about 6 or 7 oclock, and remained there a short time, awaiting orders. We finally received instructions to follow the Second Brigade of cavalry (Colonel Winslows). There was so much confusion that I was unable to obtain any direct information as to the position of the troops. I finally fell in the rear of a column of cavalry, which I was informed was the rear of the Second Brigade. This battalion did not move out on the main road. The left of the rebel skirmish line had by this time reached the main road, so as to intercept travel. This battalion of cavalry moved into the woods. I followed them, but had proceeded but a short distance in the woods when I came to a deep, precipitous ravine, over which it was impossible to get the carriages. The cavalry had left me, and I had no protection whatever. We worked some time trying to get the carriages over this ravine, until the rebel skirmish line inclosed us in a semicircle. I abandoned the gun and carriages; before doing so spiking the nun, dismounting it, and throwin~ it into this ravine. I threw dirt and brush upon it so as to conceal it. We drew the carriages away a short dis- tance and cut them to pieces. I then mounted the men upon the horses and pro- ceeded through the woods. At this time I lost a sergeant and 5 men, taken prisoners. I kept along for several miles, and finally joined the cavalry and came on with them to Collierville. The two pieces of the Fourteenth Indiana Battery were charged upon and taken in action on the hill at the cross-roads. Captain Joyce, I believe, joined his regiment, the Tenth Missouri Cavalry, and brought his guns through safely. In consequence of the bad state of the roads, and the scarcity of forage, our horses were very much reduced when we went into action. Question. How much ammunition had you with the one gnu after you passed Hatchie bottom ~ Answer. I had three limbers full, 120 rounds, because I had constantly kept the limber full at the expense of the caissons. Question. Did you see General Grierson or Sturgis, or Colonel MeMillen at Ripley? Answer. I saw General Grierson personally. I only know from hearsay that Gen- eral Sturgis was there. Question. Did you receive any orders at Ripley to put your piece in position where it could be used against the enemy? Answer. I did not Page 187 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSI~SIPPJ. 187 Question. Did you report your arrival there and condition to Colonel Winslow or General Grierson? Answer. I reported to Captain Woodward, General Griersons assistant adjutant- general. I did not see Colonel Winslow but reported to Captain Woodward. , saw his adjutant shortly after I had Question. Did you see General Stnrgis at the cross-roa(ls before you commenced firing at the enemy? Answer. My impression is that I did shortly before. Question. Did you receive any instructions from him in regard to placing your pieces or gring on the enemy? Answer. None whatever. Question. By whose order did you commence firing over our line of cavalry? Answer. By either General Griersons or Captain \voodwards, his adjutant- general. Question. Could you see the enemy from your position? Answer. Only from the position of my left piece, the extreme left piece of all that were on the hill. The others were fired by guess-work, by information gained by going to the front, and by reports from the front. Question. What were the surroundings of your position as to the nature of the ground and timber? Answer. We were on a high piece of ground, in an opening which had been cleared for I3rices house, the ground to the rear, left and left front, descending consider- ably from our position. To the right and the right front the ground was more on a level with our position. We were surrounded by dense timber, dense woods and thicket, the roads being the only openings. The woods were in close proximity to the guns. Question. How near could the enemy approach your guns before you could see them? Answer. By making their approach through the woods, avoiding the roads, they could come within from 50 to 100 yards before being discovered, I should judge, owin~ to the density of the woods and the inclination of the ground. Question. Did the enemy commence firing at you at your first posi- tion before you commenced firing? Answer. They did not, but almost immediately afterward. Question. How many pieces did they open upon you at any one time? Answer. I thought there were six, there might have been eight. They fired very rapidly. Prom the commencement of their firing they had our range exactly. Question. How much open or cleared ground was there at that place? Answer. The open ground was very contracted. There was scarcely room to put the six guns in position. The ambulances and led horses were there, and the ground was very much crowded; but there was no confusion during the time the cavalry were engaged. The cavalry lines were very badly pressed iu the center, although they held their position at the time the infantry came up. There was a cavalry force en gaged on the left when I moved from the hill. Question. How long did General Sturgis remain at the cross-roads? Answer. He was there from the time of his first arrival until the rebel battery commenced firing; he left then, and came back two or three times afterward. I saw him there immediately after the artillery had ceased firing. Question. Why did the artillery cease firing? Answer. Because the rebel guns were silent and we could see no opportunity to do any damage. General Sturgis came up just after, and I reported to him what I ha Page 188 188 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS.) ALA., AND N. GA. [CRAP. LI. done and the reasons for it, and lie said that was right. I saw him there once very shortly after that, and I did not see him again until we were crossing the low ground where the wagon train was parked after the stampede had commenced. Question. How long was it after your artillery ceased firing before the infantry column came up ~ Answer. They came up before we had ceased firing, and we had to check our firing a little in order to allow them to pass. Question. Did you see the main cavalry line from your position ~ Answer. I could see no portion of it from our position. At 6 p. in. the Board adjourned until to-morrow at 2 p. m. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 15, 18642 j. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. The members of the Board and the recorder present. The niiiimutes of the preceding session read and approved. L. M. SIMANOE duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, place of residence, and the nature of your connection with the army. Answer. L. M. Simanoc; I live a mile and a half northeast of Brices Cross-Roads, in Tishomingo County, Miss.; I am clerk for the sutler of the One hundred and four- teenth Illinois Infantry Volunteers. Question. How long have you lived there, and when were you there lasts? Answer. I have lived there about ten months; I was last there about four months a~o Question. Are you acquainted with the roads and the country from Ripley to Baidwyn and Guntown ~ Answer. I know every foot of the road and am well acquainted with the conutry. Question. Examine the map now shown to you (marked Exhibit F*), and state if it is a correct representation of the roads and aiUacent country between Stubbs plantation and Brices Cross-Roads. Answer. Upon examination I find it substantially correct. It is the map made by Col. I. G. Kappner from the information given him by me. Question. What is the distance from Ripley to Brices Cross-Roads ~ Answer. Twenty-two miles and a half. From Stubbs to the cross-roads it is eight or nine miles; I cant say which. Questioll. How far is Brices Cross-Roads from Baldwyn and Gun. town~ Answer. It is five miles from Baidwyn and six from Guntown. Question. What is the (listance from Agnews house to Brices Cross- Roads~ Answer. Three miles. Question. Are you acquainted with the swamp about a mile and a half south of Stubbs plantation ~ Answer. I know it very well. It is about a mile and a quarter from Stubbs and near Widow Chisholms. ~ To appear in the Atlas Page 189 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 189 Question. Do you know of any other swamps between there and the cross-roads ~ Answer. There are no swamps proper, but there is usually~a plantation at each bottom, and the road across each bottom is through a narrow lane which is always very muddy iii wet weather. Qnestion. Do you know of any road passing around this bottom near the Widow Chishoims ~ Answer. There is a good road going around it a half mile to the west, which avoids the swamp aud crosses the creek oa a good sandy road. This road is represented on the map. Question. What creek inns through this swamp ~ Answer. It is a small creek running southwest connecting with Wilihites Creek, which discharges itself into the Tallahatchie. Question. Does the road from Ripley to Brices Cross-Roads cross the Hatchie River at any place ~ Answer. It does not. Question. Is there any low place on the road which is properly called Hatchie Swamp or bottom ~ Answer. There is not. Question. What do you know about the quantity of corn in the region of country between Ripley and Guntown ~ Answer. From Ripley to the cross-roads the corn is very scarce along the road, but south and east of the cross-roads there is plenty of corn and meat. Question. How is it off the road five or six miles this side of the cross-roads ~ Answer. On the north side I know of but one, and on the south side of but two persons having plenty of corn. Others have not more than enough for their bread. Question. Do you know of any rebel camps near Brices Cross-Roads ~ Answer. They have regular cavalry camps in that vicinity on account of the corn and meat that is there. At 4 p. m. the Board adjourned to iueet Monday, the 18th, at 2 ~ in. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 18, 18642 p. rn. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the members of the Board and the recorder. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and approved. Col. G. E. WARING duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, ai~d regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, and the l)osition you occupied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. George E. Waring, jr.; colonel Fourth Missouri Cavalry; I have l)een in the service since May 17, 1861; I commanded the First Brigade of the Cavalry Di- vision under General Grierson on the late expedition. Question. How were yonr animals furnished with forage ~ Answer. My cavalry horses were supplied with what little corn I could pick up on the road ~ufter sending from three to six miles for it. I brought in my supply train some oats, with which I fed the horses of the artillery Page 190 190 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Question. Did you have much difficulty iu procuring a supply of forage? Answer. We did after leaving Salem, but not much before that. Question. Did you find forage at Stubbs l)lantation on the march out? Answer. We found some, but not enough for a nights feed. There was other for- age there which we were not allowed to take; it was left for the artillery horses of the infantry and for the train. Question. Do you know of any forage or growing corn being guarded by the troops so as not to be taken? Answer. I do not. Question. Do you know whether there was much forage in that sec- tion of the country? Answer. My impression is that there was very little, and that the corn which we took was in many instances the bread supply of families. Question. At what point and at what time did you first learn that the enemy were in force in your front? Answer. We were informed at Brices Cross-Roads that the main force of the enemy was at Baldwyn, hut it was not until we engaged their pickets from half a mile to a mile east of the cross-roads that we found that we were to be resisted there. Question. Did you have any information as to the whereabouts of the enemy before reaching Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. None whatever. Question. At what time in the day did you first engage the enemy? Answer. At 10 oclock in the morning. Question. What portion of the cavalry first became engaged with time enemy? Answer. My brigade. I was in the advance that day. Question. Where was your first line of battle formed? Answer. At the Baldwyn road, to the west side of the first cleared land beyond Brices Cross-Roads, a little more than a quarter of a mile distant. Question. Where was the Second Brigade formed? Answer. I did not see the ground on which they were formed. I understood they were across the Guntown road facing south, and in connection with my right. Question. How long did you maintain your original position? Answer. Four hours. Question. Did you use any artillery against the enenmy? Answer. I fired 112 rounds from the mountain howitzers and twelve or fifteen rounds from a section of the Fourteenth Indiana Battery. Question. Where was your artillery stationed? Answer. My howitzers were in my line of skirmishers and the Fourteenth Indiana Battery was placed about the center of my line of battle, just on the right of the Baldwyn road. That section was kept there only until some sharpshooters were cleared out of a house and then sent inimediately to the rear. Question. Was there open spacein front of your entire line? Answer. There was. Question. Did the enemy advance across that open ground while you were there Page 191 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 191 Answer. Yes, sir; they advanced three times. Twice they were driven back and the third time they drove us. Question. Did you recover your original position after that? Answer. No, sir; we did not. Question. How many men did you have in the fight? Answer. Exclusive of horse holders and including the artillery, about 1,150. Question. How many men did you have in killed and wounded in the fight? Answer. Twenty-two killed and 57 wounded. Question. Did the enemy use any artillery against your line? Answer. Yes, sir; they had one section, but it did not amount to anything. Question. What was the amount of the attacking force of the enemy as far as you could judge? Answer. I think my line was attacked, when it was driven back, by at least 4,000 infantry with muskets and bayonets. There was a double skirmish line. Question. Was the other brigade attacked at that time? Answer. Yes, sir. Question. How far did they drive you back? Answer. About 300 yards. Question. Did the enemy make any effort to drive you still farther back? Answer. We were relieved by tlie infantry and ordered to fall back before the enemy gathered for another attack. Question. Was your last line iii thick timber? Answer. It was in very close young oak timber. Question. What infantry relieved your brigade? Answer. I do not know, sir. Question. Did the infantry form on the same line that you were occu- pying? Answer. Essentially so. Question. How far to the right and left of the Baldwyn road did your last line extend? Answer. That was very small, sir. I had not more than 400 or 500 men in line, and they were near tte Baldwyn road and not engaged with the enemy. I held the line longer than I thought I ought to be required to do with the men I had, and could only do so by assuring the men that the infantry were near by. Question. In what direction did you retire when you left that position? Answer. I retired on the Ripley road. Most of the force went across the angle be- tween that and the Baldwyn road. Question. Did you receive any orders from General Grierson or Gen- eral Sturgis when you fell back, in relation to the direction of your fall- ing back? Answer. My position was assigned me, I cant say whether by General Grierson or General Sturgis. They were together and I spoke to both. Question. Did you see General Sturgis escort in line on the left ~ Answer. I saw them on the road to Baldwyn They came up with the infantry and made a charge Page 192 192 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LL Question. bid you hold the Baidwyn road until the infantry came up and took position on that road ~ Answer. Yes, sir. Question. What was your next position ? Answer. My next position was in a low field on the east side of Tishomiugo Creek. My men dismounted and were thrown forward as sktrmishers, under the cover of a fence. Question. How long did you remain there, what orders did you re- ceive, and what did you do after that ~ Answer. I should think I r~mained there an hour and a half; most of the time I was with General Sturgis and near the cross-roads. Soon after 4 oclock I was ordered to retreat, and did so; I think about half a mile. It was at the first house after crossing the creek. Question. Was your command replenished with ammunition after you went into the fight? Answer. Yes, sir. We had used the most or our ammunition in the fight, Before retreating we replenished our boxes so far as we could from the wagons. A very little of the ammunition belonging to my brigade was left then, and we took all there was. Question. How much ammunition had your men when you arrived at Ripley? Answer. From five to twenty-five rounds. We probably averaged twenty rounds. Question. During the retreat from Ripley were you at the rear or head of the column? Answer. The position of my brigade was at the head of the column. Three of my four regiments were alternately at the rear. Question. At what time did you reach Colhierville and at what time did you leave there? Answer. I think we reached there a little before 9 oclock on the morning of the 12th, and left a little after sunset on the same day. Question. What was the occasion of your leaving Collierville at that time? Answer. We were ordered to do so by General Grierson. Question. Had rations and forage been sent out to Collierville byrail for the command? Answer. Plenty of rations had been sent, but there was not sufficient forage. Question. Was there not an alarm gotten up which was the occasion of your leaviiig Collierville that night? Answer. I know of no alarm, except that arising from our condition. I heard no report that we were to be attacked. Question. To what causes do you attribute the defeat of our forces at Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. I think that the force of the enemy largely outnumbered any force which we opposed to them at any one time, and it is my opinion that the enemy outntim- bered our whole force. I was not in a position to judge. I was never taken into consultation. I did not know what General Sturgis orders were, and did not hear the reports concerning the enemy. Question. Do you know of any general officer or brigade or regi- mental commander getting intoxicated on the day of the battle or dur- ing the expedition? Answer. I do no Page 193 CHAP. ~LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 193 Question. How long after you were relieved by the infantry before they were attacked by the enemy? Answer. I think about fifteen minutes, but as soon as they hai got their line formed. Question. Was your line relieved all at once? Answer. My line had just.been driven back, and I was commencing to form a second line, and had 400 or 500 men in position, when I saw the head of the infantry column. Colonel MeMillen requested me to show him the best position for his men. I directed him to a point to the right of the road, by forming from which the left of his line would relieve my force on and near the road, his left resting near the road. I expected to hold the left of the road. As the left of his line came into position on the road my line was withdrawn to the cover on the left of the road, and my men were ordered to horse. Question. IDid you see Sturgis escort holding any portion of the line before the infantry had arrived? Answer. I did not see it personally, but was informed that they held a portion of the line after my right was driven back. My left was still on the Baldwyn road, and holding it, but the ground to the right of the road had been uncovered, and it was this portion of the line they occupied. It may have appeared at the cross-roads that the Baldwyn road was wholly uncovered, but such was not the case, as my line was still on the left of the road and holding the road. Question. Did the position you took after being relieved by the in- fantry cover the left hank of the infantry line? Answer. No, sir; it was a good deal to the rear of it. Question. Was there any other cavalry covering the infantry line? Answer. No, sir; none of any account. Question. Did you receive any orders from General Stargis or Gen- eral Grierson to protect the left flank of the infantry line? Answer. The position I took was assigned to me by General Grierson. It was on the left of the Seventy-second Ohio and about a quarter of a mile north from the Baldwyn road. I think it was the best position to meet the enemy in any heavy effort to turn the left flank of the infantry line. I had also about 200n~en in a ravine between the Baldwyn road and the Seventy-second Ohio. Question. Was it customary on your march to the cross-roads to have the leading cavalry brigade as far in advance of the infantry column as it was on the day of the battle? Answer. The distance was so great that it is almost impossible for me to say, but I was almost daily ordered, and was that day specially ordered, to keep out of the way of the train. The order was given to me by General Grierson. Question. What is your estimate of the whole force of the enemy at Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. As near as I can judge from 12,000 to 15,000 men. Lieut. A. M. KINZIE sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, and your present position in the army. Answer. A. M. Kiuzie; lieutenant, Ninth Illinois Cavalry; I have been in the serv- ice three years; I am aide-dc-camp to Major-General Washburn. Question. Did you go to Ripley in charge of a flag of truce? and, if so, state when. Answer. I went to Ripley with a flag of truce; cannot state the date exactly; I arrived there I believe just two weeks after the fight at Brices Cross-Roads. 13 R RYOL XXXIX~ PT Page 194 194 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Question. State what you learned at Ripley concerning the strength of the enemy at that engagement. Answer. I learned from the statements of Colonel Faulkner, and other rebel officers and rebel soldiers, with whom I talked, that they had about 8000 men, of whom about 5,000 were engaged, all of which were cavalry, the infantry not arriving in time. The rebel cavalry in this section are seldom armed with carbines, They are uniformly armed with the rifled musket, and are really mounted infantry, although called cavalry. At 6 p. m. the Board adjourned to meet at 2 p. in. Thursday, July 21, 1864. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 21, 18642 p. rn. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. The members of the Board and the recorder present. The minutes of the preceding session read and approved. Capt. J. A. FITCH duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, and the position you ocenpied on the late expedition under General SPirgis. Answer. John A. Fitch; captain Company E, First Illinois Light Artillery; I en- tered the service in October, 1861; in the late expedition I commanded two sec- tions (four pieces) of my battery. Question. How were you furnished or supplied with forage on the march out~ Answer. I was instructed to take only sufficient forage to last to La Fayette, but took a wagon-load, which I made to last me until I got to Ripley. After I left there all that we had was what we picked up along the road, which did not amount to a half a feed at any time. Question. Was the march from La Fayette to Brices Cross-Roads made in as short a time as it could have been; and, if not, how much more time was consumed than necessary? Answer. I think it could have been made in t~o days less time and just as easily as we made it. Question. What part did your battery take in the battle of Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. In the movement of that day the First Brigade, to which I was attached, was in the rear of the infantry column. While moving, about 12 oclock on the 10th, a courier came back with the information that there was fighting in front. Shortly after we heard firing. After moving along perhaps three-quarters of an hour word was sent back to move up more rapidly. The entire column commenced nioving at an increased pace. Shortly after I noticed many infantry soldiers lying along the road evidently suffering from the effects of the heat. The firing at this time appeared to increase, and the exhausted men by the roadside appeared to accumulate; many of them were suffering from sunstroke. I arrived on the battle-ground, I should think, at 2.30 oclock, and was ordered by Colonel MeMillen to post iiiy battery in reserve on the left of the road, just near Brices house, which I did. I was ordered to wait there and hold myself in readines8 to go into action at a momeut~ notice. The infau- try were filing past me and taking position. I waited in that position about three- quarters of an hour, I should think; and all at once the firing along the whole line grew very heavy, and I was ordered by an aide ~f Colonel MeMihlen, Lieutenant Abel, to move one of my 12-pounder Napoheons right in the crossing of the two roads. I could not see the enemy on account of the brush, which was distant about forty feet from my gun, but judging by the firing of the enemys position I timed my fuses at a second and a half, which gave me a distanee of 450 yards. I continued firing with shell and shrapnel at that distance. In a short time the Ninth Minnesot Page 195 CHAP II 1 EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 195 caine op and laid in the road just on my right. After lying there a few moments they moved forward into the timber and very soon the rebels made a determined attack along our whole line. At that time the firing became very heavy. In a short time the regiments on myleft began to give back. Just at this time the Ninth Min- nesota gave them a heavy volley and were cheering, and seemed to be driving the enemy, although I could not see them. The regiments on my left began to fall back, and some fifteen minutes afterward the Ninth Minnesota fell back on my right. In the mean time the artillery,which was posted to the left and front of Brices house, could not fire on account of the infantry coming in so close in front of them. I con- tinued firing with my single piece as I had range directly on the Guntown road. About this time I had instructions from Colonel McMillen to put another piece in position on the road to the right of the cross-roads. I got this piece in position, but the rebelsjust then attempted to turn our right flank, and they got so near that I could not use this piece, and was obliged to retire it. The rebels at the same time turned both flanks of our line and forced the whole line hack. Cofonel McMillen then gave me orders in person to hold the cross-roads at all hazards. I could not see the enemy, l)ut judged from their firing that they were very near. I immediately gave them canister with both pieces as fast as I could load and fire. The infantry at this time were about on my flanks, firing and falling back. I held this position at the cross-roads until all the infantry had moved to the rear, and so far as I could see I was left alone. I remained there firing until the enemy commenced to fire on my left and rear from a position in the garden of l3rices ehouse, about seventy-five feet from where I was. I saw it was useless to remain longer and I limbered my two guns to the rear, passing through a field which was on the right of the road as we advanced, anI crossed the creek about forty rods below the bridge and came into the road about half a mile from the battle-field. My other section, in charge of a lieu- tenant, had been withdrawn from the battle-field by Colonel McMillens orders when the left was turned, and was at this time in advance of me, going to the rear. I was obliged to leave one caisson on the field, the wheel-horses beb~g shot. I did not get into position again. With the exception of the caisson I brought everything away as far as the Hatchie bottom. There I found the road blocked up with the other batteries. I staid there until 1 oclock in the morning trying, in conjunction with the other captains of batteries, to find or cut some other road through the swamp, and using every endeavor to pass through the swamp. At 1 oclock in the morning, finding it impossible to get the guns through the swamp, I reported the matter to Colonel Wilkin, who commanded our brigade. He gave me instructions to spike the guns and destroy everything I could, mounting my men on the horses, and move with the retreating column. I did this, spiking the guns, cutting down the spokes of the wheels, destroying the ammunition, smashing ~the chests, and burning the equipments. I mounted my men and moved on with the retreating column of in- fantry to Ripley. From there I moved with the column of cavalry to Coilierville. Question. At what points between the cross-roads and Ripley did you see General Sturgis and Colonel il\JcMillen, or either of them, after the battle ~ Answer. After we left the cross-roads I did not see General Sturgis until we got to Ripley; I saw Colonel MeMillen about half a mile this side of the second white house this side of the cross-roads. At this time he passed by me on the road. I saw him again on the 11th. I saw him again at Colhiervihle. Question. Did you see General Sturgis at the cross-roads during the fight ~ Answer. I saw him but once during the fight; it was about 4 oclock, I think. Question. What sort of a position was that at the cross-roads for using artillery against the enemy? Answer. It was no position at all. I could not see for any distance. I could not judge the distance the enemy were from me, or whether the groufid rose or fell in our front. I could not judge of the effect of our firing, nor tell when we got range. Question. How many pieces of artillery were at the cross-roads when you were there? Answer. There were fourteen pieces there. Question. How many pieces were put into position and used against the enemy? Answer. Twelve pieces Page 196 196 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CaAP. LI. Question. How many pieces of artillery did the enemy open on you at that point ~ Answer. About six. Questiom To what causes do you attribute the defeat of our forces at Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. I believe if we had originally made a stand at the second white house, letting the cavalry fall back to that point, we could have fought them there and beaten them. I am of the opinion that the enemy in that fight had more men than we had. I think our men were exhausted before they got into the fight. I think the Second Brigade were beaten before they went into the fight at all. I think I passed 300 of them lying in the road before reaching the cross-roads. The position at the cross-roads was a bad one for artillery, as I have already stated. Question. Do you know of any general officer, brigade or regimental commander, being intoxicated on the day of the fight? Answer. I do not. By Col. I. G. KAPUNER: Question. Do you know of any instance on the expcdition where for- age was guarded for the benefit of citizens? Answer. About four miles beyond Ripley I sent my horses out into a field of oats to graze, having no feed for them. They were ordered out by an orderly from Gen- eral Sturgis headquarters. I know of no other instance. Capt. J. M. JOHNSON sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, and the position you occnpied on the late expedition under General Stnrgis. Answer. J. M. Johnson; captain, One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry Volunteers; I have been in the service since the commencement of the war, with the exception of two months in~ the year 1862; on the late expedition I acted as field officer and second in command in my regiment. Question. What was the condition of the men of your regiment when you went into action at Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. Very bad; nearly worn out; exhausted from heat and overmarching. Question. What was your position when the regiment formed its first line of battle? Answer. I was in the center of the left wing; Colonel King was on the right. The ground where the regiment was formed was nearly level and grown up very thick with underbrush, what we would call blackjack in our country. Question. Did you see the enemy in y9ur front? Answer. No, sir. Question. What troops joined your regiment on the left in line? Answer. The Second Brigade was on our left, but not within 150 yards of us. I could not say how far exactly. Question. How long after your regiment became engaged was it that the enemy turned your left flank? Answer. It was from half to three-quarters of an hour. Question. Did the enemy turn the right and left flanks of your regi- ment at the same time? Answer. Very near the same time, but I think they were on the left flank first. Question. To what causes do you attribute the defeat of our forces at Brices Cross-Roads Page 197 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 197 Answer. I should suppose by crowding the men up, fatiguing them, the position in which they were placed in the field, and want of connection between the lines. When we first went into position I restrained my men froiu firing, having been told that there was another line of oar troops in our front, which I supposed to be a line of skirmishers. My men lying down could see, undcr the brush, the rebels moving back and forth in our front, and occasionally fired at them, for which I reproved them, supposing they were firing on our men by taistake. The men claimed that they were rebels as some of them had on gray clothes. This lasted about twenty minutes, when I concluded that there were none of our men in front and ordered my men to open fire. Question. What was the feeling of the troops as far as regards con- fidence in their commanding general ~ Answer. Rather poor. The men generally expressed want of confidence in their commanding general. I heald the men say frequently that General Sturgis had said he expected to lose his train. Question. What acts of mismanagement on the part of commanding officers came under your observation ~ Answer. There was not care taken to form the lines properly. The different por- tions of the line were not propcrly connected. The position at the cross-roads ouHht not to have been taken at all. The position itself whipped us. In my opinion the position ought to h ye been taken two miles this side of the cross-roads. Question. After falling back from the cross-roads could your regiment have been rallied at the position you refer to ~ Answer. It was rallied and formed in line there. Question. How long did it remain in line there ~ Answer. We remained there, I should think, half an hour. We were ordered to fall back from this position at the end of that time. Question. Do you know of any general officer or brigade or regi- mental commander being intoxicated on the expedition ~? Answer. Yes, sir; I do. Colonel MeMillen, I would say, was drunk on the cars between here and Collierville on the day we went out from here. The soldiers saw him in this condition. Question. Were there any unnecessary delays on the outward march of the expedition ~ Answer. There was a delay of time. On the whole I think we lost over a day un- necessarily in going out. At 5.30 p. in. the Board adjourned to meet at 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 22, l8642p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the members of the Board and the recorder. The minutes of the preceding session were read and approved. Capt. B. 0. MALLORY duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, amid the position you occupied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. Egbert 0. Mallory; captain, One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infan- try Volunteers; I have been in the service since July 18, 1862; on the expedition I commanded my company, Company I. Question. What was the condition of your men when they went into the fight at Brices Cross-Thads on the 10th of June~? Answer. They were greatly exhausted from marchino time in the heat of the day. ~ in quick and double-quic Page 198 198 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Question. How long after you arrived at the cross-roads before you were engaged with the enemy? Answer. About half or three-quarters of an hour. Question. Did you see any conunanding officer drink any intoxicat- ing liquor on the day of the fight? Answer. I cant say that I did. I saw two of them drinking from a bottle; they were General Sturgis and Colonel MeMillen. It was in the road where we formed the first line after falling back from the cross-roads at what we called the white house. Question. What was the feeling among the men as regards confidence in their commanding general? Answer. They had no confidence in him. I heard th~m express that opinion. Question. What caused that feeling? Answer. The past history of the man and their having been with him on his for- mer expedition. Private ANDREW* ARMSTRONG sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your nanie, rank, and regiment. Answer. Andrew Armstrong; private, Company G, One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry. Question. Were you with your regiment in the fight at Brices Cross- Roads? Answer. Yes, sir. Question. Did you see any general officer or colonel drink any intoxi- cating liquor on the day of the fight? and,if~so, state the circumstances. Answer. Yes, sir; I saw General Sturgis and Colonel MeMillen with a bottle of whisky about sundown on that day where we formed our last line, about half a mile from what is called the last white house. I saw Colonel MeMillen pass the bottle to General Sturgis and saw him (General S.) take a drink. Question. What kind of conversation did you hear between Colonel MeMillen and General Sturgis at that time? Answer. I heard no conversation between them, but I heard Colonel MeMillen after the drinking give the order to Colonel Wilkin to form his brigade in line and to hold that position until dark, and said, We will forni a new line about three miles from here, and you can retire behind that, and we will whip them yet. Question. Did you see any general officer or colonel intoxicated at any time after the expedition left Memphis? Answer. Yes, sir; I saw Colonel MeMillen intoxicated on the cars, and saw him fall out of the car at the place where the troops left the train. I saw him fall once after he got off the cars. Question. What was the feeling among the men before the battle as regards confidence in their commanding general? Answer. From ~hat I could learn they seemed to have but little confidence in their general. Question. What reasons did you hear given for want of confidence in the general? Answer. It was from the loitering and careless manner in which we marched till we arrived at Ripley. After that we were ordered to stay close in the ranks. At 5 p. m. the Board adjourned to meet at 2 p. m. to-morrow. Borne on the muster-rolls of his company as Leander Page 199 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 199 MEMPHIS, TENN., July 23, 18642p. in. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. The members of the Board and the recorder present. The minutes of the precedhi g session were read ai~d approved. Brig. Gen. B. U. GRIERSON duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name and rank; the length of time you have been in service, and the position you occupied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. B. H. Grierson; Brigadier-General U. S. Volunteers; I have been in the service since May, 1861; on the late expedition I commanded the Cavalry Division. Question. What time did your c6mmnand leave La Fayette ~ Answer. I think it was on the 2(1 of June. Question. How many days forage did you take for your animals ~ Answer. We did not take any, but we got a feed or two by sending back to the railroad. Question. Did you find sufficient forage after that from there to Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. No, sir; it was very difficult to obtain forage. The foraging was very hard on the command. Question. Was there any order prohibiting feeding on growing oats, wheat, & c A Answer. There was no order, I believe, but that is not good feed. Question. how were you supplied with forage on this last expedition under General Smith? Answer. We managed to take along a little, but were more fortunate than when upon the other expedition. Question. What route did you take on this last trip? Answer. From La Fayette we took the direct route to Ripley, and from there to New Albany and Pontotoc, the cavalry marching on the flanks and in the advance and rear wherever practicable. Question. Had General Smith as large a train as General Sturgis? Answer. I did not count them, but do not think there was ]nllch difference. Question. What was the condition of your animals on your return from the expedition under General Smith? Answer. Very fair. Much better than I would have expected. Question. Were any orders issued by General Stiirgis or yourself for guarding forage for the benefit of citizens? Answer. There were occasional cases where guards were placed over the corn of those who had relatives in our army, but those cases were very rare. Question. Were you present at a consultation of officers under Gen- eral Sturgi s, at Ripley, on the march out? Answer. Yes, sir. Question. What occurred at the consultation, and what was the result? Answer. Colonel Hoge, Colonel MeMillen, General Sturgis, and niyself were present. It seemed we were called together to consult as to what was best to be done under the circumstances. The gei~er~ 1 asked me my opinion, and I gave it to him. I thought, considering the condition of the roads, which were very bad in consequence of th Page 200 200 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. rain, and considering that the command was encumbered with a large train, and that we were marching directly toward the line of the enemys communications, and that our march had been so slow that the enemy would have ample time to know our whole force, and concentrate hisunder these circumstances any advance from that point I deemed hazardous, and if he did advance beyond there I advised him not to advance with the train. I think, but am not positive, that General Sturgis was of the same opinion with me. Colonel McMillen referred to the previous expe- dition, and upon account of their failure at that time to find the enemy, he was in favor of going on, if we did get whipped. It was understood that the train was to be considerably reduced before we advanced much farther. Previous to this I had understood we were to take the Ellistown road. General Sturgis informed me then that we would take the Fulton road, as that was the best road that led out of Rip- ley. As I was leaving the conference I told General Sturgis I supposed we would have to go on and fight whatever we came to; but that if I were he, I would take the responsibility of stopping there and not going farther with the train, giving my opinion that we would be attacked there if we waited for the enemy. He did not show me his instructions, but gave me to understand that he was to go farther, and said he wished to go on so long as there was a feeling in the command that he ought to do so. Question. At this time what information had you in regard to the strength and movements of the enemy ~ Answer. At this time we had already received information that Ruckers brigade, with which we had been skirmishing the day before, was being drawn up from Oxford toward Tupelo, and that a part of Bufords division was sent up toward Rienzi on account of Colonel Karg~s movement, and that the force lately at Corinth was or- dered down to Tupelo, where all the rest of Forrests command was concentrated. Forrests force was variously estimated at from 7,000 to 12,000 men. Question. Did General Sturgis have this information 6? Answer. This information was obtained by myself and command, and was all given to General Sturgis as soon as received. Question. Do you think the march from Ripley was made as quickly as it could be 6? Answer. I think it was very slow. The roads were bad b have made the march in less time. , ut I think we could Question. At what time in the day and at what Place did you encoun- ter the enemy on the 10th 6? Answer. Our advance encountered the enemys pickets at about 9 oclock at Tish- omingo Creek, a little this side of the cross-roads. Question. Was the first line of battle of the cavalry formed under your direction 6? Answer. The first thin~ done after arriving at the cross-roads was to halt the com- mand and send out strong patrols on all the roads. Pretty soon the patrols on the Baldwyn road reported that they had struck quite a force of the enemy about a mile and a half beyondthe cross-roads. When we reached the cross-roads we found evident signs of a large column having lately passed there in the direction of Bald- wyn. Then we learned from citizens that Forrests whole command, consisting of 7,000 or 8,000 men and six pieces of artillery, had passed in that (lirection two or three days previously, and that the day before we were there a small portion had passed with a train. I sent this infoimation inimediately to General Sturgis. When the patrols reported the force on the Baldwyn road I immediately sent a battalion out there to hold them in check and develop their force. They reported back very heavy skirmishing and that the enemy were in strong force. I immediately sent this information to General Sturgis and then ordered Colonel Warings whole brigade out on that road, and also ordered Colonel Winslows brigade up to the cross-roads. I went out in person to the line of skirmishers and viewed the ground all around the cross-roads and on both the Baldwyn and Guntown roads. I selected a position for Colonel Waring about a mile beyond the cross-roads and in the open timber be- yond the clearin~,, with instructions to hold the position as long as possible, and, when necessary, to fall back to the edge of the timber this side of the clearing, where his reserve was formed, with the open ground in front, and take new position. The firing increased, and Colonel Waring informed me that there was a considerable force of the enemy in his front, and he would probably be compelled to fall back to the reserve. I immediately sent this information to Genc~ral Sturgis. The patro Page 201 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 201 which I had sent out on the Guntown road reported a column moving from the Bald - wyn to the Guntown road. As I had received no farther instructions from General Sturgis, and my previous instructions had been to march that day as far as Baidwyn, I concluded to hold that position and await further instructions. I ordered forward Colonel Winslows brigade oh the Cuntown road, with instructions to connect with Colonel Warings right, and take position in the open ground in front and with his own right at or across the Guntown road. A portion of his brigade was thrown out on the Pontotoc road to the edge of the timber, where they had a good view. I kept 600 men at the Tishomingo Creek as a reserve. Question. flow long did your line maintain its original position along the edge of the timber ~ Answer. Two hours at least. Question. What message did you send to General Sturgis during this time? Answer. Directly after I got the line formed the fighting became heavy along the whole line. I sent during these two hours repeated messages to General Sturgis, in- forming him that I was fighting a large force, and that my reserves were being used up, but that I thought I could hold the position till the infantry came up if they were brought forward promptly. When we had been fightin~ two hours (~eneral Sturgis adjutant, Captain Rawolle, came up and stated that the general directed him to tell me that he believed that the Three I was fighting was a brigade of from 1,200 to 1,500 men, and that the general wished me to move on to Baidwyn, leaving a detachment at the cross-roads until the infantry came up, and that the inThntry would go on to Guntown. I told Captain Rawolle that I had been trying to travel the Baldwyn road, but found it blocked by the enemy, and that I thoun ht if he would go out to the front lie would conclude we were flghtin~ more force than the general supposed. Soon after this General Sturgis arrived in person, with the Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and I acquainted him with all the facts in regard to theposi- tion. Just about this time there came a message from Colonel Waring that he would have to fall back unless he received some support. I suggested to General Sturgis to send his escort (the Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry) to support Colonel War- ing, which was done. About this time the right of Colonel Warings line was forced back about 100 or 200 yards, and Colonel Winslow was obliged to retire his line to connect it with Colonel Warings. This position, I think, was held by the cavalry till the infantry came up. Question. What orders did General Sturgis give you in regard to withdrawing the cavalry when the infantry came up? Answer. He told me to withdraw and reorganize them, holding them in readiness to operate on the flanks, which I did. Colonel Winslows brigade remained in posi- tion on the right, and remained there some time after they were ordered to withdraw by General Sturbis, as there was a renewed attack on the right. Question. How long was it after you were ordered to prepare your command to operate on the flanks before those preparations were com- pleted? Answer. I immediately sent a part of Warings brigade (I think the Fourth Mis- souri) out on the left flank. The Tenth Missouri was already on the right flank, and the Seventh Illinois was sent there. The balance of Warings brigade was sent across the creek, and they had barely time to form squadron, when I had to dismount them and send them out to repel a heavy attack on our left rear. Question. How long after the cavalry was withdrawn was it that the infantry commenced falling back? Answer. I think about half an hour after Colonel Winslow withdrew. Question. What orders did General Sturgis give you in relation to the conduct of the retreat? Answer. He ordered us to fall back and take a new position at a point about one and a half or two miles back, where he said he had noticed a good position. I fell back to the place which I supposed to be the one General Sturgis referred to, formed a line there, and got an infantry regiment and a battery in position. General Stur- gis then came along and told me that bethought that that wasnt the place; that he thought there was a better position farther back. I thought that was the proper place where a line should be formed, and remained there some time. I think that i Page 202 202 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAr. IL we had rallied at that place we coal have checked the enemy sufficiently to have saved everything. After staying there some time I found that the mass of the in- fantry were passing by, and that I could not hold that position with the force I had. I accordingly directed Colonel Winslow to fall back to tbe first favorable position, and I started to find Colonel Waring to place him in the same position. When I found him he said that General Sturgis had ordered him to go ahead and open a way to the rear. Question. Where did you next see General Sturgis, and what did he say to you? Answer. I saw him two or three miles back from that point, and I told him that everything was in confusion, and that something must be done to organize the com- mand and save the train. He told me that there were two lines formed in the rear, and I went back to see, but could find none. Colonel Winslow had formed and held his position as long as he could, and was then moving on the left flank. I went still back of him to see if I conld find a line of any organized troops, but could not. When I again overtook Colonel Winslow he had been ordered by General Sturgis to go on and form a line across the road and stop there to reorganize at some favorable point, and Winslow suggested Stubbs plantation. I then went on and overtook and halted Waring beyond Stubbs. Soon after General Sturgi~ enme up and ordered me to go with Warings brigade to Ripley or send it there as rapidly as possible. After giving the order to Waring I remained with Winslows brigade. Question. What efforts were made at Ripley by General Sturgis, or any one else, to reorganize the command? Answer. I tried to find General Sturgis when I got there, but he had left. I then formed Winslows brigade, and faced the enemy, who were then on both of our flanks. I also halted a negro regiment, placed them ii~ position, holding them in check some time. We fought the enemy there until onr ammunition was exhausted. The infantry having all passed on, we then fell back. Question. How far did the enemy follow you on the retreat? Answer. They followed us to the vicinity of Davis Mills, or Spring Hill, in great force. Question. To what causes do you attribute the defeat of our forces at Brices Cross-Roads? Answer. First. I think the enemy was there in larger force than General Sturgis expected. He did not expect to fight them at that point, nor before reaching the railroad. Second. The slow march that we had had, giving the enemy time to ascer- tain our strength and concentrate. Third. On account of the infantry not coming np so as to get into action sooner. Fourth. From want of instructions to my com- mand. If I had used my own judgment I should have fallen back when I found the enemy there in force; but I could not do that as my instructions were to go on to Baidwyn, and those instructions were renewed after I bad been fighting two hours. Fifth. If the cavalry had been with the infantry, and marching on their flanks, and they had gone into action together, the result would have been different. Question. At what time did you march on the morning of the 10th, and what delays, if any, did you make on the march of that day? Answer. We moved about 5 oclock, and after marching four or five miles I halted an hour. When I learned that the infantry were coming up I moved forward very slowly to the cross-roads. Question. Do you know of any general officer or brigade or regimental commander being intoxicated at any time on that exl)edition? Answer. No~ sir; I do not. Question. At what time did you arrive at Collierville on the retreat, and at what time did you leave there? Answer. We arrived there in the forenoon, I cant tell exactly at what time, and left there just about dnsk. Question. What re-enforceinents did you find there? Answer. Colonel Wolfes brigade of infantry and 100 mounted men of the Seventh Kansas; about 1,SOO men Page 203 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 203 Question. Did you know when you arrived there that a part of your retreating column had not yet arrived, but were approaching ~ Answer. Yes, sir; we ha& heard that they were approaching, and sent out patrols to gather them in. The men were constantly coming in. I learned through some of my cavalry that Wilkin, with a considerable column, was approaching by the way of La Grange and Moscow. Question. By whose orders did you leave Collierville that night, and what reasons were given for such orders ~ Answer. By General Sturgis orders. He informed me that it was reported that a column of the enemy was moving up toward Whites Station to cut us off. Question. In your opinion, was there any necessity for marching away from Collierville that night ~ Answer. No, sir; there was not. I was surprised when I received the order to march. If we had remained there it would have been a great benefit to the command, and would have saved us a great many men and horses. I remained at Whites Station until the 15th, rendering all the assistance in my power to the scattered men, who were coming in, by my patrols. Question. In your opinion could the trains, artillery, and retreating troops have been saved by proper mallagement and exertions on the part of the commanding officer ~ Answer. I think a greater portion of the artillery and trains might have been saved, and also many men from being captured or killed. At 6 p. m. the Board adjourned to meet at 2 p. m. Monday, July 25, 1864. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 25, 18642.30 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjonrnment. Present, all of the members and the recorder. The minutes of the two preceding sessions were read and approved. Col. E. F. WINSLOW duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT; Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been In the service, and the position you occupied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. B. F. Winslow; colonel Fourth Iowa Cavalry; I have been in the serv- ice since November 23, 1861; on the late expedition I commanded the Second Bri- gade of the Cavalry Division. Question. How were you supplied with forage on the expedition ~ Answer. We had very little. We often had to march farther to secure forage after we got into camp than we had marched during the day. After we left the railroad we did not have over half rations. Question. At what point did you first hear of the enemy being in force in your front~ Answer. My command met at Ripley what was reported to be Bells brigade, and skirmished with them. It was just at sundown, and they retired in the night. This was on the 7th of June. Question. Did you learn anything more in reference to the enemy before you got to Brices Cross Roads ~ Answer. I did not Page 204 204 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Question. At what time in the day did you encounter the enemy at Brices Cross-Roads ~ Answer. My command was ordered into position at 12 oclock. Question. Had there been any fighting by Warings brigade previous to that~ Answer. There had been. I heard Warings guns for about an honr previous to that. Question. Describe the position of your first line of battle, and the character of the ground. Answer. I sent the Tenth Missouri and Seventh Illinois Cavalry on the right- hand or Pontotoc road. They were mounted. The Third Iowa Cavalry and two battalions of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry were dismounted and placed in position across the Guntown road~ their left connecting with Colonel Warings right, and their right about fifty yards south of the Guntown road. The ground was somewhat undulating, but thickly covered with small oak timber. There was no cleared land immediately in front of my line. I could not see the enemy until we got very close to them. There was open ground about a quarter of a mile in front of our line. Question. How long did you maintain yonr position on that line~ Answer. I should judge it to be three-quarters of an hour. Colonel Warings bri- gade then fell back about 400 yards, and I was obliged to withdraw my line on the left to connect with his. Before I discovered that Colonel Waring had fallen back the enemy had got between his line and the left of mine, and I lost some S or 10 men wounded in consequence. We held this last line for an hour or an hour and a half until relieved by the infantry. Question. Were you attacked by the enemy in much force before the infantry came up ~ Answer. Not in sufficient force to drive us from our position. I could not tell how strong the enemy was, because we could not see any of them. Question. What orders did you receive, and what did you do after the infantry came up ~ Answer. Just befqre the infantry arrived I received information from General Grierson that the infantry was arriving. When the head of their column came in sight I received orders from General Grierson to withdraw my men and mount them. I waited in person until two infantry regiments had arrived and had taken positions which I pointed out to them, directing the Third and Fourth Iowa to retire and mount as speedily as possible. I went to the rear and reported to General Sturgis, who was about 200 yards in the rear of Brices house and told him what I had done. He said that was right, and that the cavalry had already done all the infantry labor which he should require of them, and wished them then to perform their legitimate duty on the flanks, where they belonged. I then went to the front. My men were just withdrawing from the bushes and there was no firing. Colonel MeMillen was present superintending the movements of the infantry. When my men had got about twenty yards in rear of the infantry line the enemy and our men commenced firing very fiercely. I directed my men to remain in position where they where, and informed Colonel MeMiflen that I would not withdraw them until further orders, ashe was evidently severely attacked. I sent an aide to General Sturgis, informing him of the circumstances and asking further instructions, and received orders to retire at once and mount my men. I again went and reported to General Sturgis and General Grierson, ~~ho were together. They asked if my men were retiring, and seemed impatient for them to come. Presently they came out and I mounted them as soon as possible. General Sturgis then asked me if I could send any men to the right. I told him tbat I had two regiments. there already. He wished to know if they could help the infantry. I told him that I could dismount 150 men with carbines if he said so. He instructed me to do so, and I immediately caused it to be done, instructing them to hold that position as long as possible. Four comp~ nies of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry had been sent back to the train before the i~ifantry came up, by order of General Grierson. The Third Iowa Cavalry was mounted and formed in a field on the south of the road, about one-third of a mile in rear of a creek. About this time General Sturgis came up to where I was, and remarked that Colonel MeMillen was driving the enemy. He then rode off. This was about a mile in rear of the cross-roads. Two minutes after General Sturgis left one of the enemys shells struck within fifty feet of where I was. I then discovere Page 205 CHAP. LI.) EXPEDiTION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 205 that our infantry had been driven back. In a few minutes afterward everything commenced going by me to the rearartillery, train, ambulances, and menall mixed up together. I then went back to the creek to see what had become of my command. I found that the Fourth Iowa Cavalry had disniounted and occupied a little hill near the bridge, to protect the withdrawal of their horses across the creek, which done they mounted aud followed the Third Iowa. At the time I got back to the creek the most of our forces had fallen back this side of the creek in a great deal of confusion. Finding that the army was retiring in this manner, I directed the head of my column to proceed slowly to the rear, on a line parallel with the retreating column. I proceeded back to a point about one mile and a half from the creek and formed my command in form of squadron on the south side of the road in a field. The enemy soon commenced to shell us, and I was then directed by Gen- eral Grierson to move according to my own discretion, which I did. I reported to General Sturgis about four miles this side of the creek. I reported my command in good shape and asked for orders. He directed me to go to Stubbs and stop the re- treating column, which I did. General Sturgis arrived there a few minutes after I did and told me to open the lines and direct everybody to push for Ripley as fast as possible. I remarked to him that that would oblige the abandonment of the train and all the artillery, which could not be got through the swamp. He said that the artillery and train had already gone to hell, and that if they got through the swamp they could not eventually be saved, because there was no forage for the animals. He requested me to take the rear of the column and remaki there until the larger part of it had passed by. I halted my command from 9 till 2.30 oclock and then took the rear of the column to Ripley. Question. In your opinion, could the retreating cohimn have been rallied at that point and the trains and artillery saved ~ Answer. I think they could, and think that was the only place where it could have been done. Question. What efforts were made to make a stand at Ripley ~ Answer. I was in the rear, and had considerable fighting with the enemy. Two negro regiments were als& in position. The balance of the column had passed by before we got there, and I dont know where they went to. Question. To what causes do you attribute the defeat of our forces at Brices Cross-Roads ~? Answer. I think that the main cause was the exhaustion of the infrutry when it arrived on the field of battle. I think the position was a good one for infantry but not for artillery. I think there was a far better position about two miles this side of the creek, where, if the infantry had been halted and the cavalry had fallen back to the creek, we undoubtedly would have beaten them. I do not think that over three-fifths of the infantry got into the fight on account of exhaustion. Question. Do you know of any general officer or brigade or ret~imental commander being intoxicated on the day of the battle ~ Answer. I do not. Question. What conversation had you with General Sturgis after the retreat had commenced about trying to stop it ~ Answer. About four miles this side of the creek I expressed to General Sturgis some surprise that there had not been an attempt made to stop the rout. He said that himself and other officers within his reach had made every exertion to reorgan- ize the command, but that the troops were without discipline, and, although good soldiers when successful, when unsuccessful they were perfectly worthless. He said that they were nothing but a mob. Question. Did you see any infantry that appeared to be organized during the retreat on the night of the 1Oth~ Answer. No, sir; I did not. Question. How near to the cross-roads was the train brought up dur- ing the fight l Answer. I think the main part of the train was brought up within three-quarters of a mile of the cross-roads, and a large portion of it was brought up nearly if not quite to the cross-roads Page 206 206 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Qu~stion. Was that a proper position for the train under the circum- stances ~ Answer. I do not think it was a proper positio that was one cause of losing the train. n under any circumstances. I think Question. From mpley to Collierville what part of the column were you in~ Answer. I was at the rear all of the time. Question. How far did the enemy follow you this side of mpley? Answer. They followed us in force about five miles. At that point they made a dash on us and took a good many prisoners. After that they only followed us with a few men. Question. Did you receive any orders from General Sturgis about conducting the rear after leaving Stubbs plantation ~ Answer. I never received any orders from him, either in person or otherwise, in re- gard to any movement whatever after leaving Stubbs. The only tiaie that I saw General Sturgis was about ten miles this side of Ripley as he was passing to the front. He then gave me no ~rders. Question. At what time did you arrive at Collierville on the retreat, and what tinie did you leave there, and what were the reasons for leav- ing at that time~ Answer. We arrived there at noon on the 12th and left at dark. Two thousand fresh infantry arrived there about 3 oclock in the afternoon on the cars from Memphis, the train also bringing ammunition, forage, and rations. I was informed by Generals Stur- gis and Grierson that we would remain there all night, for the purpose of resting and covering the retreat of such infantry as might he coming in. The command moved by order of General Sturgis about dark to Whites Station, seventeen miles, reaching there about daylight; in consequence of which movement 200 horses of my command were rendered unserviceable. I know of no reason for that march. Two hundred and fifty of my command were ordered back to Collierville the next morning to pro- tect the retreat of such infantry as might come in. At 6 p. m. the Board adjourned to meet at 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., Jul~y 26, 18642 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the members and the recorder. The minutes of the preceding session were read and approved. Col. W. L. MCMILLEN duly sworn and examined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, and the position you ocenpied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. W. L. MeMillen; colonel Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry Volunteers; I have been in the service since the 19th of April, 1861, with the exception of a few months in the year 1862, and also a few weeks in 1861; on the late expedition under General Sturgis I left Memphis as the commanding officer of the First Brigade, First Division, SixteenthArmy Corps. I was afterward placed in command of all the infantry of the expedition, which constituted a divison. Question. What time did the iiifantry leave on the march from the railroad ~ Answer. We left on the morning of the 3d of June, about 4 oclock. Question. At what time did General Sturgis assume command ~ Answer. He arrived at my headquarters on the 2d of June, and assumed command on the same day Page 207 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 207 Question. How were the animals of the infantry and artillery sup- plied with forage? Answer. They were dependent on the forage which we obtained from the country, which at that season of the year was very scarce indeed. Question. What means were adopted to secure forage on the march? Answer. Foraging parties were sent ont. I organized foraging parties from my command and sent theni out every day, independently of any arrangements made by the commanding officer of the expedition. Question. Were any orders issued by General Sturgis or yourself prohibiting forage being taken, or any guards stationed for that pur- pose? Answer. No orders were issued by me nor General Sturgis, to my knowledge. Guards were stationed at private houses along the line of march, with initructions to prevent marauding and pillaging at such houses. Foraging parties were in- structed not to take from families everything they had to live upon, but leave suffi- cient for them to live upon. Question. Were you present at a consultation of officers with General Sturgis. at Ripley, on the march out? Answer. On the morning following our arrival at Ripley I was sent for by General Sturgis, and on arriving at his headquarters was informed that he desired to see me in connection with General Grierson. I went to General Sturgis room and found General Grierson with him, and also one or two other officers, whose presence I think was accidental. Question. What was said, and what conclusion was arrived at at that consultation? Answer. I can give only the substance of the conversation. When I entered the room General Grierson was talking to General Sturgis, portraying the difficulties that his command had encountered thus far on the march, on account of bad weather and want of forage, and depicting the difficulties and probable disaster which would attend the farther march of the expedition at that time. The impression I received at the time was that General Grierson considered it extremely hazardous to go beyond that point, and favored a return from there. I waited until General Griersomi had finished his conversat4on, and was theim asked by General Sturgis for my opinion as to what course he should pursue. The substance of my opinion was, that we had better proceed on our march on the line indicated in General Sturgis orders, umitil the object of the expedition, as developed in his orders, was accomplished, or until we were stopped by the enemy. I made the remark that I would rather go on and n~eet the enemy, eveim if we should be whipped, than to return to Memphis without having met them. General Sturois received our opinions, the interview closed, and a short time afterward we received marching orders, and moved out from Ripley, on the Fulton road. Question. Had you at that time any information as to the enemy in your front? Answer. There was a brigade of cavalry at Ripley, with which our cavalry had had a skiruiisim the evening before. We had heard that two brigades of cavalry had been sent in pursuit of a detachment of our cavalry under Colonel Karg~, which was sent a few days before to cut the Mobile and Ohio Railroad at Rienzi. One of these brigades passed through Ripley in pursuit of Karg6, amid the other went on the other side of the Hatchie. General Forrest, with his umain army, was supposed to be at or in the vicinity of Tupelo. The day after we left Ripley, I think, I heard of Forrests moving north to form a junction with Roddey, who, reports said, had been assigned to his command. Question. What time did you leave camp at Stubbs plpntation on the morning of the 10th? Answer. I think it was 6 oclock when the infantry left; I dont know exactly. Question. Was the march front La Fayette to the camp at Stubbs made as rapidly as possible. Answer. Yes. sir; the only surprise is that it was made as soon as it was Page 208 208 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Question. Was the supply train under your charge? Answer. Yes, sir; it was guarded by my troops. Question. How long did you halt at Salem on the march out, and for what reason0? Answer. We halted there one day. The general commanding never communicatedb to me his reasons for so doing. Question. How far did you march on the day you left Ripley? Answer. I marched five miles; part of my command marched thirteen miles. Question. At what point, and at what time of day on the 10th, did you first get orders to advance to the support of the cavalry? Answer. It was, I think, in the vicinity of 11 oclock on the morning of the 10th, some four or five miles south of Stubbs. Question. Had the infantry column and trains passed over what is known as the ilatchie Swamp? Answer. I had halted the head of the column at a sufficient distance from the stream to enable the troops and train to cross and close up, and was waiting in that position. Question. State what orders you received, and what you did on that day after that time. Answer. General Sturgis was with me at the head of my column, at the place be- fore indicated, when a messenger arrived with a written communication, which he handed to General Sturgis, which the general read immediately and handed it to me. It proved to be an official communication from General Grierson, dated 10 oclock that morning, announcing that he was at Brices Cross-Roads, and giving the distances to the railroad by the various roads from that point, stating that he had sent out parties on those different roads, and that a messenger just in from his advance on the Baldwyn road informed him that they had met the enemy and that skirmishing had begun briskly; st~tting, further, that the position, in his opinion, was an important and a good one, and suggesting that a brigade of infantry be moved forward to his support as rapidly as possible. Acting upon this information General Sturgis directed me to move my advance brigade forward as rapidly as I could without any reference to the movements of the train. He stated that he would go on with his escort as rapidly as he could to the cross-roads. I asked permission of the general, before he left, to accompany my advance brigade to the field, which was granted after assuring him that the troops left with the train would bring it up safely. I had gone but a short distance with my advance brigade when another messenger arrived, stating that the enemy was driving our cavalry back, and I was directed to move my advauce brigade up in quick time and look well to the safety of the train. From tbis time until we reached the field orders were frequently received to move up as rapidly as possible, the substance of them being that the cavalry was beiug driven and the presence of the infantry was needed. Reaching a point about a mile and a half frono the cross- roads I halted the advance brigade, Colonel Hoges, for the purpose of enabling the men to rest and fill their canteens with water. Whilst engaged at this a peremptory order was received to move the brigade up in quick time without halting for aiiy purpose whatever. I communicated the order to the commanding officer of the bri- gade, and, with my staff, rode on to the cross-roads, where everything was going to the devil as fast as it possibly could. Colonel Waring, commanding the brigade of cavalry which had been fighting on the Baldwyn road, rode up to me and inquired how long it would be before the infantry would be up, stating that it was a ques- tion of seconds as to whether he could hold the road or not. I told him tbat I could not give him assistance in any given number of seconds, but that my troops were coming up as rapidly as possible and I would relieve him as soon as possible, which would probably be ten or fifteen minutes. At this time the cavalry were falling back rapidly in disorder and the roads at Brices house were filled with retreating cavalry, led horses, ambulances, wagons, and artillery, the whole presenting a scene of confusion and demoralization anything but cheering to troops just arriving. The enemy was also shelling this point vigorously at tbis time and during the arrival of my troops. Great anxiety was manifested on the part of all for tbe quick arrival of the infantry, and I was frequently appealed to to know when the infantry would come up. Fearing that the enemy would get possession of the cross-roads before th Page 209 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 209 arrival of tlie infantry, I rode back to the advance brigade to add my entreaties to those of others to indnce the troops to move forward as fast as possible. Reaching the confines of the field I directed my staff to clear the road, which they succeeded in doing with difficulty, and then ordered Colonel Hoge to march forward at double- qnick to the cross-roads, a distance of 500 or 1,000 yards, my object being to get throngh this mass of retreating cavalry with as little depression as possible to my own men, and to inspirit those who were or had been fi~hting. The head of my column arriving at the cross-roads I was ordered first to relieve Colonel Warings brigade~ nominally in position on the Baldwyn road. This I proceeded to do, and ac- companied Colonel Hoge, of the One hundred and thirteenth Illinois, to the point indicated by Colonel Waring as the one where his line had been formed. This regi- ment was deployed on the right of the Baldwyn road, its left resting on the Baldwyn road. Skirmishers were thrown out and the regiment advanced some fifty yards. Two other regiments were then formed on the right of the One hundred and thirteenth, the line extending in semicircular form toward the Guntown road. Chapmans battery was placed in position in the yard of Brices house, and about this time I was ordered to relieve Winslows brigade of cavalry with the remaining men of Hoges brigade, so far as they would go. Winslow occupied a position on the right of the one supposed to have been held by Waring, his line extending across the Guntown road. I di- rected Colonel Hoge to relieve a portion of Colonel Winslows line, commencing on his left, with the two remaining regiments of his (Hoges) brigade, to wit, the Eighty-first and Ninety-fifth Illinois. These two reginients were subsequently moved to the left to connect with the rest of Hoges brigade, which was then formed in a continuon~ line, its left resting on the Baldwyn road and its right ex- tending toward the Guntown road, with a full line of skirmishers ont. When I formed my line on the right on the Baldwyn road I found no cavalry in position un- til I struck Colonel Winslows brigade, with the exception of two battalions of the Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, drawn up in sham line of battle across the road. One battalion of this cavalry was attached to the Infantry Division and the other was the escort of General Sturgis. My line of battle was established nuder a heavy fire from the enemys skirmishers. The skirmishing was continuous from the time my skirmish line was established. Soon after Colonel Hoges brigade was placed in position, the kead of the First Brigade (Colonel Wilkins) arrived, the Ninety-fifth Ohio, Lieutenant-Colonel Brumback commanding, in advance. This regiment was taken out the Baldwyn road, accompanied by Colonel Wilkin and myself, and placed in position on the left of that road, extending Colonel Hoges line. I then proceeded to relieve the remaiiiing portion of Colonel Winslows brigade, placing the One hun- dred and fourteenth Illinois oii the right of Colonel Hoges brigade, which com- pleted my line to the Guntown road, and the Ninety-third Indiana on the right of the Guntown road. By direction of General Sturgis the Seventy-second Ohio Infan- try and a section of Muellers battery, belonging to this brigade, were put into position on a piece of rising ground some distance to the rear of the cross-roads and on the left of the road near the creek. This left of this brigade, first, Fitchs battery, two guns of which were placed iii position at the cross-roads, and the remaining two held in reserve; second, the Ninth Minnesota Infantry, which was also held in reserve near Brices house. Whilst these dispositions were being made, and before the One hun- dred and fourteenth Illinois, Ninety-fifth Ohio, and Ninety-third Indiana were fairly in position, and before Colonel Winslow had had time to withdraw his men, the enemy, with a loud cheer, made an attack along the whole line and on both flanks. The attack on my right, where I happened to be in person at the time, was so deter- mined that it soon gave back, notwithstanding the efforts of officers and men to re- gain and hold the ground. The enemys linesuch a line as they hadextended on our right as far as the Pontotoc road, and my regiment on the right of the Guntown road, the Ninety-third Indiana, was driven back to the Pontotoc road. I then ordered up the Ninth Minnesota and sent it down the Pontotoc road, and deployed a company as skirmishers across that road, and formed the remainder of the regiment on the right of the Ninety-third Indiana. I ordered these regiments to charge the enemy, which they did in most gallant style, regaining all the ground we had lost and driving that portion of Bufords division on our right of the Guiitown road from the field. Whilst this was being done, however, all the reginients on the left of the Gun- town road were driven hack to the vicinity of the cross-roads in confusion. I then turned my attention to the reformation of this portion of my line, and endeavored to get the regiments to move out to their original positions, but neither the most pos- itive orders nor the most urgent entreaties could accomplish that object, the One liundred and fourteenth Illinois being the only regiment that made any effort to re~ in the lost ground. Failing in this I then attempted to get them in line along the Biddwyn and Pontotoc road, with an angle on the left, so as to throw the line in the direction of the Seventy-second Ohio, and moved the artillery out on a line with the infuntry, directing the commanding officers of the batteries to sweep the woods with grape ~.nd canister. About this time I sent a message to General Sturgis stating that 14 K KVOL XXXIX, PT Page 210 210 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAr. LI. I was hard pressed and that I thought I would not be able to hold the position unless I could have some assistance on my left, aud informing him that the enemy appeared to be in force superior to that portion of my troops that were engaged, the negro brigade being back with the train. General Sturgis replied in substance that he had nothiug he could send me, and I must do the best I could nnder the circumstances. I then went to work with a renewed determination to hold the position. I had ammunition brought np for the troops; kept up a rapid effectivc artillery fire; sought to encourage and animate the men by every means possible, but to no pur- pose. The men, owing to the excessive heat of the day and the rapid march that they had made to reach the field and the impression which was universal on the field that the enemy was in largely superior numbers, were exhansted and dispirited, and it was impossible to move them to the front. I sent auother mcssenger to Gen- eral Sturgis again requesting assistance, and again stating that I must abandon the position if not relieved soon. My messenger returned after some time with the state- ment that he could not find the general. Finding that the enemy were getting pos- session of the road in my rear, and that it was impossible to bold the position at the cross-roads, I determined to retire, preserving my organization as much as possible, which I did by extending the line of the Seventy-second Ohio along a ridge in an open field on the right of the Guntown road and to the rear of the Pontotoc road, placing the Ninety-fifth Ohio and a detachment of the Tenth Missouri Cavalry, com- manded by Captain Curry, who reported to me on the field for orders, in this position. I then withdrew the Ninety-third Indiana and Ninth Minnesota to the Pontotoc road and directed them to move by the right flank around the right and to the rear of this new line, directing the other regiments to follow these two regiments by the right flank in the order in which they stood in line in this retrograde movement, keeping the artillery in its original position and directing them to fire on the enemy rapidly until all the infantry had got behind the new line. The artillery was then directed to withdraw and take the road in the rear of the train until another posi- tion could be selected and taken up. At 6 p. m. the Board adjourned till 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 27, 18G42p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. The members of the Board and the recorder present. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and approved. Examination of Col. W. L. McMILLEN continued. By the PRESIDENT: Question. Proceed in your statement of the events of June 10 and 11. Answer. Irodealongthisnewhinedirecting officers andmen to hold it till the troops and artillery conld be retired, and then to fall back across the creek with as little confusion as possible. I then rode across the creek, and in the road near the cross- ing first met a regiment of U. S. Colored Infantry (the Fifty-fifth), Major Lowe commanding. I placed it in position on the left-hand side of the road, near the creek, with instructions to bohi the bridge and cover the retreat of the troops then engaged on the other side; I then rode back a short distance farther, when I met Colonel Bon- ton, who informed me that he had the other regiment of his bri~ade and his section of artillery in a good position on the right-hand side of the road, and he thought if he could be furnished with ammunition that he could hold the enemy at bay at that place. I was delighted to meet with some one who expressed a determination to try and do something, and gave the necessary orders to secure the necessary ammuni- tion. I rode over to where his troops were in position, and remained there until Major Lowes regiment had retired to that point, which I again placed in position on the left of Colonel Boutons line, directing Colonel Bonton to hold that position as long as possible, and informing him that a new line would be formed as soon as we came to suitable grolin(I, and that I would notify him of its establishment. Dur- ing this time the cavalry, infantry, and train were moving to the rear in considera- ble confusion, but as rapidly as possible. Seeing Colonel Bonton in position I turned my attention to getting the train along. I worked my way back to a point about one and a half or two miles back from the cross-roads, where I found General Sturgis and General Grierson. The greater portion of the train and all the artil- l~ry succeeded in passing this point. A few of the wagons, however, in the rear of the train, had been destroyed by my orders. A new line was formaed here of ~u& Page 211 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPL 211 regiments of infantry or parts of regiments as had iiot already passed, the cavalry, artillery train, and straggling mass still going to the rear. This new line consisted wholly of infantry, part of the First and part of the Second Brigade. Having established it, and thrown skirmishers forward, I sent a staff officer to Colonel Bon- ton with instructions for him to fall back. At this time I was notified by the gen- eral commanding that he had decided to continue the retreat as far as Stubbs, and that he bad directed General Grierson to send one brigade of cavalry to occupy and hold Ripley until such time as we could reach there the next day, and that the other brigade of cavalry had been sent to Stubbs to bait everything belonging to my command, directing me in substance, after seeing that the rear was left in charge of good officers, to proceed to Stnbbs with as little delay as possible and reorganize and resupply my troops. I reached Stiibbs about 9 or 10 oclock, and was there in- formed by the general commanding that he had decided not to attempt any reorgan- ization until onr arrival at Ripley, and that he had directed Colonel Winslow, com- manding the cavalry brigade, to remain at Stubbs and bring up the rear. I then proceeded to Ripley, leaving a staff officer at Stuhbs to notify Colonel Winslow when the iirifantry had all passed, reaching Ripley about 5 oclock the next mornin and proceeded at once to the reorganization of my command, and which by 7.30 oclock of the same morning I succeeded in getting into good shape. The men, however, were exceedingly worn, having marched all night. Many of them had thrown away their guns, and those who had arnis, were snl)plied with little or no amniunition. As soon as I notified the general commanding that the division was reorganized he directed me to pnt it ou the road leading to Salem in the rear of Colonel Warings brigade of cavalry. Whilst this was being done the enemy made an attack on the place, in which, on onr side Colo~~el Wbislows brigade of cavalry, left in town to bring up the rear, was engaged, and to whose a ssistance I ordered Colonel Boutons brigade, a part also of Colonel Ifoges brigade becoming necessarily involved before it could clear the town. The enemy succeeded in getting possession of the Salem road, cutting off the negro brigade, and that portion of loges brigade en~aged, which brigades fell back in coi~fnsion, an(l retreated northward on the Saulsbury road, the greater portion of whom succeeded in reaching Memphis without having been seriously molested, the enemy having turned his attention to time main portion of the retreating column. In the rapid retreat of that day amid the following night the already worn and wasted infantry column became gradually dissipated and the organization gradually disappeared. Question. To what causes do you attribute the defeat of our forces at Brices Cross-Roads ~ Answer. The immediate cause of the defeat, in my opinion, was meeting the masses of the enemy with fractions of our forces. Winslows brigade of cavalry, formed across the Guntown road, when relieved by me, was in good comidition; and I am of the opinion that if it had been permitted to remain and I could have used both of my brigades on the Baidwyn road I could at least have held the field, and thus have prevented the necessity of a disastrous retreat. I wish to state that Col- onel Winslow manifested a willingness and volunteered to remain with me and give what assistance lie could with his troops, after having been ordered to withdraw, and he did so remain until, as he informed me, he had been ordered a second time to withdraw. TIme troops were tired from a long march, without rest, and the excessive heat of the day when they went into position. A number of men had been sun- struck, and I am informed that hundreds of others fell out by the way on account of the heat. Questiou. About how many men had you in the first engagemend Answer. Two brigades, nunibering, I think, about 3,500 effective men, of which I suppose not more than 2,800 men were engaged. Question. What was your estimate of the strength of the enemy in the first attack ~ Answer. I cant give an estimate in numbers, but they largely, exceeded that por- tion of my troops engaged. This I know from the fact that they attacked me along my whole limme and outflanked me on 1)0th flanks at the same time. On our left their line extended to the creek, beyommd the position occupied by the Seventy-second Ohio, which position was 300 or 400 yards from the left of my main line. Question. Were you acquainted with the position of the enemy and the nature of the ground in front of where you formed your first line ~? Answer. Very imperfectly. 1 put my troops in position without any assistance and without any exact knowledge as to the position of the enemy, except as he r Page 212 212 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. vealed himself by the fire of his skirmishers. That portion of the field visited by me was mostly covered with a thick growth of small oak timber, and little or noth- ing could be seen in any direction. Question. At what point was your ammunition train lost? Answer. It was lost with the supply train and artillery, which were abandoned at the Hatchie bottom. Question. How far was that from Stubbs? Answer. Two miles, I think. Question. What efforts were made to save the ammunition? Answer. I do not know, not having bad charge of that part of the operations. Question. Did you see General Sturgis at the cross-roads after the enemy attacked your first line? Answer. I did not. Question. Where did you first see him after that time? Answer. At the point heretofore referred to, about one and a half or two miles this side of the cross-roads. Question. What orders did you receive in regard to the conduct of the train on the day of the fight? Answer. I was ordered to look well to the safety of the train and to see that it was well closed up, and that the brigades of Colonel Wilkin and Colonel Bouton were not marched faster than the train could be conveniently moved. With the conduct of the train after it reached the vicinity of the battle-field I was at no time charged. I received no orders to halt it. After the head of my column arrived at the cross- roads I was engaged with the disposition of my troops. At 5.30 p. m. the Board adjourned to meet at 2 p. in. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, TENN., July 28, 18642.15 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. The members all present; also the recorder. The minutes of the preceding session read and approved. ~IDol. EDWARD BOUTON sworn and exaniined. By the PRESIDENT: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been in the service, and the position you occupied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. Edward Bouton; colonel Fifty-ninth U. S. Colored Infantry; I have been in the service two years and eight months; on the late expedition nuder General Sturgis I commanded my brigade of colored troops. Question. How were the animals of your brigade supplied with for- age on the march? Answer. We started out with about one days rations of grain, which we made to do for two days. After that we depended on grazing, a little green corn and green wheat, and got two or three sacks of old corn. Question. Do you know of any corn or other forage being guarded for the benefit of citizens? Answer. Yes, sir; I know of corn having been guarded at two places and I think three. Guards were stationed with instructions to let no one in. In one place I ordered the corn to be taken, notwithstanding the guard Page 213 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 213 Question. How much of the time on the march out did your brigade guard the train? Answer. Four days out of eight on the march out. Question. Was the march from La Fayette to Stubbs made as rapidly as it could have been? Answer. No, sir; it was not. Question. How much sooner could it have been made? Answer. We were seven days marching from La Fayette to the camp near Stubbs. We could have made the same march easily in four days over the same roads, and could have gained another half day by taking the best roads. Question. Do you mean that the train could have been got through in that time? Answer. Yes, sir. Question. How much was the march retarded by the train not keep- ing up? Answer. The train delayed the column on one day five hours on account of the heavy rains and bad roads, and one hour each on two other days on account of the pioneer corps having slighted their work and not repaired the road so that the train could pass. I do not know that the column was delayed by the train at any other times. Question. State what orders you received and the operations of your brigade on the 10th of June. Answer. First was the order of march, to distribute four men to each wagon of the general supply train. The Fifty-fifth was distribated along the train. The Fifty-ninth and Lambergs battery were in the rear of the train. We marched in this order, keeping as well closed up as possible, until about 11 oclock, when we first heard artillery firing in our front. At 2.30 oclock, as the head of my column reached the crest of the hill, near the white house, I first came in sight of the battle- field. This was about 900 yards this side of the creek. At this point the officers in charge of the train received orders to corral the train. They commenced parking the train. Part of the train was run forward to the fiehljust this side of the creek, and they had not finished parking that part of it when they commenced moving it out again. At this point I ordered my men to leave the wagons and form companies and to come forward as rapidly as possible by the flank of the train. While they were forming companies 1 went forward to the creek. At this time the cavalry were coming back from the front; in fact, I met some of them back nearly as fkr as the white house. From the point where I was I (liseovered a gap in onr main line, through which the rebels were approaching. I went back, brought up two com- panies of the Fifty-fifth, under Captain Ewing, and posted them in that gap under a heavy fire. Every commissioned officer of those two companies was killed or wounded in ten minutes. The men stood their ground until I sent an officer to bring them back. I then went back and got seven companies more of the Fifty-fifth, brought them up, and posted them a little to the right and rear of the other two companies, so as to hold the ground where the other brigade was giving away. I then went back to the ridge by the old house, met the other company of the Fifty-fifth, which I told to wait there for orders. I sent a staff officer back to bring up the battery and the Fifty-ninth as (~u1iCkly as possible. At this point I met Colonel MeMihlen. He said, Colonel, where are your troops; what are you doing, ai~d what are von going to do ? I told him what I had done, and the arrangements I had made. I told hini I was going to put the battery in I)Osition on the ridge near the old house, put the Fifty-ninth in position on its right and the company of the Fifty-fifth on its left brino th that place, and fight the enemy as lon~ ~ e other companies of the Fifty-fifth to as I had a man left; to which he said, Thats right; if you can hold this position until I can goto the rear andform on the next ridge you can save this entire command. It all depends on you now. That was the only order I received during that day after leaving camp in the morning. I did not see Colonel MeMillen or General Sturgis after that until 11 oclock that night, when I overtook them at the Hatehie bottom. I formed line on the ridge in accordance with the plan I suggested to Colonel MeMillen, and immediately opened on the enemy with my battery, to cover the retreat of the other troops. The right of my line, being more advanced than the other portion, became almost immediatel Page 214 214 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CliA?. LL engage(1 with the enemy, and my whole line was warmly engaged as soon as our retreating troops had passed to the rear, which was about twenty minutes after the battery was first opuned. We held that ridge, I think, about twenty minutes after that. They charged forward with their infantry to within fifteen paces of my bat- tery and shot down many of the horses, so that I was obliged to retire the battery, leaving one caisson. My line fell back about 100 yards, the battery, by my orders, moving to the rear. We fell back, forming one position after another, till we reached the ridge this side of the white house, where we formed line for the fifth time at about sundown. This position was about 800 yards in the rear of our first position. Colonel Wilkin, with parts of the Ninth Minnesota and One hundred and fourteenth Illinois, had been during this time on my left, conforming more or less to my move- ments. I did not see him after this, but I think he moved to the rear. I dont think we staid in this last position over fifteen minutes. We then charged them and drove them back 500 yards, to within 300 yards of where we first formed. it was dark and they outflanked us on both flanks and we were obliged to fall back. With about forty men I was there cut off from my brigade and surrounded by the enemy, and did not get clear from them until about 9 oclock, when, by making a large circuit, I rejoined my brigade, which was retreating alon~ the road, at about 10.30 oclock, and at 11 oclock I overtook General Sturgis and Colonel MeMillen as they were crossing the Hatchie bottom. Question. At what time on the 10th and at what point did yon first see the enemy, and where were they ~ Answer. It was about 5 oclock in the morning when we had marched about one mile and a half from the camp near Stubbs I saw a squad of rebel cavalry on a road about a mile to the right of the road we were on. Back of this squad I saw a column of rebel cavalry passing. I saw similar squads of rebel cavalry two or three times subsequently on our right before we got to the battle-field. Question. What did you learn about there being a parallel road on the right near where you saw this rebel cavalry ~ Answer. I learned from the forage party of oar cavalry and from several citizens that there ~as a parallel road on our right. I think they said it was called the ridge road to Baldwyn. The citizens said we might have struck it shortly after leaving Ripley, and it was distant from one to four miles from the road we were on, and that it led to Baldwyn Station. I was told the crossing over Hatchie bottom on this road was a better crossing than the one on the road we were on. Question. When you saw General Sturgis at the Hatehie bottom, what orders did he give you and what did he say? Answer. When I first came up to General Sturgis I said, General, for Gods sake dont let us give it up so. He said, What can we do ? I told him to give me the ammunition that the white troops were throwing away in the mud and I would hold the enemy in check until we could get those mbnlances, wagons, and artillery all over that bottom and save them. I told him that if he would give me one of those white regiments to help me lift the wagons and artillery over, that I would stake my life that I would save the whole of them. He said, For Gods sake, if Mr. Forrest will let me alone I will let him alone. You have done all you could and more than was expected-of you, and now all you can do is to save yourselves. As I moved on my troops picked up ammunition which had been thrown away by the white troops during the night. At early dawn, just about five miles from Ripley, the rebels came on and fired into the rear of our column and also into the flanks. We formed and repulsed them and continued doing so while filling back the next mile, in about an hours time. We were then relieved by a battalion of cavalry, for which I had asked General Grierson when we were first attacked. XVe then moved on to Ripley, where I commenced to reorganize my brigade so as to be able to send on my wounded and disarmed men. About this time I got orders from Colonel MeMillen for niy brigade to move out in the rear of the infantry column on the Salem road. Just as I com- menced reorganizing my brigade for this purpose the enemy came charging in furi- ously at the lower end of the town, broke the line of cavalry which had held them in check, which compelled me to throw my brigade immediately in line without any reorganization. Using sparingly what little ammunition we had, and usin~ the bay- onet and clubbed musket whenever opportunity offered, we held them in check until nearly all of the other brigades had moved out. The troops got separated and retired by two separate roads. Question. What officers were in charge of the supply train during the expedition Page 215 CnAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 215 Answer. Lieutenant Stratton had charge of the commissary stores and Lieutenant Livings had charge of the ordnance stores. Lieutenant Shattuck and Lieutenant Dement each claimed to have charge of the supply train. Question. Did you hear any dispute between Lieutenants Dement and Shattuck concerning who had charge of the supply train ~ Answer. I did. I heard a dispute between Shattuck and Stratton. There seemed to be a misunderstanding and difficulty as to who should control the movement of the train. Question. Were you present at a conversation between General Stur- gis and several other officers, on the retreat this side of Ripley, con- cerning the route they should take ~ Answer. I was not. I was with my command at that time attending to the wounded. Question. State what you know about guards being placed over water to prevent the soldiers from getting it to drink. Answer. Guards were placed at houses and prevented my colored soldiers from going in to get water from the wells and cisterns, from the time we left La Fayette Station until we arrived at Stiibbs, except it may be at a few l)OO~ peoples places. Question. By whose orders were these guards placed for that pur- pose~ Answer. They said they were stationed by Colonel MeMillens orders. Question. What did Colonel McMillen say about it? Answer. He said he had not instructed the guards to prevent them from getting water. He said also that the men did not need to visit the houses for the purpose of getting water, as there was water enough to be had without. Question. Could the men get water at other places? Answer. A portion of tbe time they could, but it was not very good, being surface water. At 5.30 p. m. the Board adjourned till 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS. TENN., July 29, l8642p. rn. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. The members of the Board and the recorder present. The minutes of the preceding session read and approved. Brig. Gen. ii. P. Buckland was temporarily excused by the Board. Col. L. M. WARn duly sworn and examined. By Col. J. B. MOORE: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment, and the length of time you have been in the service. Answer. L. M. Ward; colonel of the Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers; I have been in the service since April 1861 wit in the year 1861. , , h the exception of about four months Question. Are you acquainted with Brig. Gen. S. D. Sturgis, and did you see him at Memphis previous to the departure of his late expedi- tion? Answer. Yes, sir. Question. State when and where you saw him, and what transpired on that occasion. Answer. It was in the evening of I cannot say what day precisely, at the Gayoso House. in Memphis, just previous to his starting on his expedition. I understoo Page 216 216 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. from what I heard him say to other officers that he had received his marching orders. I should judge that the general was considerably under the influence of liquor at the time. Later in the evening I saw him again at the same place. I saw him coming down stairs in company with another officer. From his manner and actions at the time I should say he was very much intoxicated. Question. State what occurred at the time. Answer. When he came down the stairs at that time he staggered up to the desk or counter, closed up the hotel register, raised it up over his shoulder, holding it for a moment as if he intended to strike his negro servant, with it, then looked his servant in the face, laughed in a silly manner, and laid the book down again. The officer who was with him then took him by the arm and led him out on the sidewalk in front of the hotel. Just at that time there was a lady passing by. I saw General Sturgis take hold of her arm and detain her, and was apparently speaking to her, though I could not hear what he said. The last I saw of him he stood near the pil- lars with his arms over the ladys shoulder and around her waist, and the officer with him was trying to get the general to enter a hack that was standing near. I became disgusted with the sight and did not wait to see any more. Question. Who else was present at this time? Answer. There was an officer of my regiment with me, and there were other officers and citizens in the office of the hotel, and others were passing along the sidewalk. Licut. W. H. STRATTON sworn and examined. By Col. I. G. KAPPNER: Question. State your name, rank, and regiment; the length of time you have been iu the service, and the position you occupied on the late expedition under General Sturgis. Answer. W. 11. Stratton; first lieutenant Company I, Seventh Illinois Cavalry; I have been in the service siuce August, 1861; on the late expedition under Gen- eral Sturgis I acted as chief commissary of the expedition by order of General Wash- burn. Question. Who had charge of the general supply train of this expe- dition? Answer. Lieutenant Shattuck, Ninth Illinois Cavalry, who was chief quarter- master of the expedition. Question. At what point did Lieutenant Shattuck leave the expedi- tion? Answer. It was one days march beyond Ripley. Question. What orders did you then receive in relation to the gen- eral supply train? Answer. I received verbal orders from General Sturgis to assist Lieutenant Dc- ment in keeping up the supply train and keeping it together. Question. Were you not ordered at that time by General Sturgis to take charge of the supply train in Lieutenant Shattucks place? Answer. I was not ordered to take charge of it; only to assist Lieutenant De- ment. Question. State what action you took in regard to the supply train, and what charge you took of it, and what orders you received in re- gard to it on the day of the battle. Answer. About S or 9 oclock on the morning of the battle Lieutenant Dement went forward in advance of the train to see about getting some corn, and left me in charge of the train. I had charge of the train till we came near to the battle-field. When I had reached the field near Tishomingo Creek I received orders from Colonel McMillen, or one of his staff, to corral the train in the field just this side of Tisho- mingo Creek, heading the train this way to have it ready to move to the rear. I had the same orders from General Sturgis. While I was engaged in doing this Lieutenant Dement came back, and said he had charge of the train and would at Page 217 CHAP. LII EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 217 tend to corraling it. I asked him if he had orders in relation to corraling the train. He said he had orders from General Sturgis. I received orders at the same time from General Sturgis to assist Lieutenant Dement, which I accordingly (lid. Question. How many of your teams crossed the Tishomingo Creek ~i Answer. Only one; an ammunition team. Question. What teams were those that had crossed the Tishomingo Creek and were parked beyond it, and by whose orders did they cross ~ Answer. I do not know; I think they were the brigade and division tennis that were in advance of us in column. Question. What other orders did you receive in regard to the trains? Answer. When the infantry was falling back I received orders from one of Gen- eral Sturgis staff officers to get the train out of there as quick as possible. At this time the whole general supply train of about 190 wagons was out of the road and parked in this field, headed to the rear. When I received those orders I immedi- ately started the ammunition train out on the road. At this time the road was get- ing blocked about 100 yards to the rear of where I was, in consequence of one am- bulance having tried to pass two others at a little bayou. At 4.30 p. m. the Board adjourned to meet at 2 p. m. to-morrow. MEMPHIS, July 30, 18642.15 p. m. The Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present, all the members and the recorder. The minutes of the preceding session were read and approved. The Board having finished the investigation, respectfully submit the foregoing testimony, with the accoin~anying exhibits, as the result of their labors. At 2.30 p. m. the Board a(ljourned sine die. li. P. BUCKLAND, Brigadier- General of Volunteers, President. JAMES 0. PIERCE, Major and Assistant Adjutant- General of Volunteers, Recorder. EXHIBIT A. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, Memphis, Tenn., May 31, 1864. Brigadier-General STURGIS, Commanding U. S. Forces in the Field: GENERAL: You will leave the railroad terminus at La Fayette Thurs- day morning in command of the following troops, viz: Warings cav- alry, 1,500 strong; Winslows cavalry, 1,800 strong; 6 pieces artillery; all under command of Brigadier-General Grierson. McMillens brigade, 2,000 strong; Company E, First Illinois Artillery, 4 guns; section Four- teenth Indiana Battery, 2 guns; part of Hoges brigade and Smiths division, 1,600; Chapmans battery, 4 guns; Boutons brigade (colored), 1,200 strong. You will proceed directly to Corinth, via Salem and IRuckersville. After capturing Corinth, and destroying all supplies you cannot carry away, you will march your infantry down [along] the line of the road to Tupelo. Your cavalry force will also march to Tupelo, keeping as near the railroad as practicable. The infantry will be ordered to effectually destroy the railroad as they pass down. Arriv- ing at Tupelo, if it shall be found that General Forrests main force is not within reach, you will proceed with your entire force as far sout Page 218 218 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CRAP. LT. as Okolona, destroying the railroad as you go. Here, should it be prudent, you will detach your cavalry and send it down the road as far as Macon, effectually destroying the railroad. You will detach a body of cavalry sufficient for the purpose, who will proceed to Columbus, Miss., aiid destroy any Confederate property there. The infantry will rest for two days at Okolona, and will then strike for Grenada by the shortest route. The cavalry, after proceeding south as far as prudent, will leave the railroad and proceed direct to Grenada, where the forces will meet and return to Memphis. You will have in your train 150,000 rations of bread, coffee, sugar, and salt, and 75,000 of meat. This will enable you to make a campaign easily of twenty days. Take your time; subsist on the country when you can. Do not scatter your forces any more than necessary. This is a general outline, but you [may] vary as circumstances may require. The whereabouts of Forrest will, of course, have much to do in regulating your movements. I send with you two colored regiments. See that they have their proper position in march and take the advance in marching when it is their turn to do so. I am, general, your obedient servant, C. C. WASIIBULIN, Major- General. EXHIBIT B. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, CoUjerrille, Tenn., Jnne 12, 1864. Maj. Gen. C. C. WASHBURN, Gommandiny District of Wei#t Tennessee: GENERAL: I have the honor to report that we met the enemy in posi- tion and in heavy force, about 10 a. in. on the 10th instant, at Brices Cross-Roads, on the Ripley and Fulton road, and about six miles north- west of Guntown, Miss. A severe battle ensued, which lasted until about 4 p. in., when, I regret to say, my lines were compelled to give way before the overwhelming numbers by which they were assailed at every point. To fall back at this point was more than ordinarily diffi- cult as there was a narrow valley in our rear, through which runs a small creek, crossed by a single narrow bridge. The road was almost impass- able by reason of the heavy rains which had fallen for the previous ten days, and the consequence was that the road soon became jammed by the artillery and ordnance wagons. This gradually led to confusion and disorder. In a few minutes, however, I succeeded in establishin gtwo colored regiments in line of battle in a wood on this side of the little valley. These troops stood their ground well and checked the enemy for a time. The check, however, was only temporary, and this line in turn gave way; my troops were seized with a panic and became abso- lutely uncontrollable. One mile and a half in rear, by dint of great exertion and with pistol in hand, I again succeeded in checking up the flying column and placing it in line of battle. This line checked the enemy for ten or fifteen minutes only, when it again gave way, and my whole army became literally an uncontrollable mob. Nothing now re- mained to do but allow the retreat to continue and endeavor to force it gradually into some kind of shape. The night was exceeding dark, the roads almost impassable, and the hope of saving my artillery and wagons altogether futile, so I ordered the artillery and wagons to be destroyed. The latter were burned and the former dismantled and spikedthat is, all but six pieces, which we succeeded in brin ~4ng off in safety. By 7 oclock next morning we reached Ripley, nineteen miles. Here we reo Page 219 CHAP. LI.] 219 EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. gallized and got into very respectable shape. The retreat was continued, pressed rapidly by the enemy. Our ammunition soon gave out; this the enemy soon discovered and pressed the harder. Our only hope now lay in continuing the retreat, which we did, to this place, where we arrived about 7 oclock this morwmg. My losses in material of war were severe, being 16 guns and some 130 wagons. The horses of the artillery and mnles of the train we brought away. As my troops became very greatly scattered and are constantly com- ing in in small , I am unable to estimate my loss in killed and wounded; I fear, however, it will prove severe, probably 1,000 or 1,200. While the battle lasted it was well conducted, and I think the enemys loss in killed and wounded will not fall short of our own. and yet it was the result of a series This, general, is a painful record, of unfortunate circumstances ever which human ingenuity could have no control. The unprecedented rains so delayed our march across a desert country that the enemy had ample time to accumulate an over- whelming force in our front, and kept us so long in an exhausted region as to so starve and weaken our animals that they were unable to extri- cate the wagons and artillery from the mnd. So far as I know every one did his duty well, and while they fought no troops ever fought better. The colored troops deserve great credit for the manner in which they stood to their work. This is a hasty and incoherent outline of our operations, but I will forward a more minute account as soon as the official reports can be received from division comm auders. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 5. Ii. STUIRGIS, Brigadier- General, Commanding. ExuIBIT C. SPECIAL ORDERS, IIDQR s. DISTRICT OP WEST TENNESSEE, No. 38. * ~iJiemphis, Tenm., May 31, 1864. * * * * * * XIX. The troops will march to-morrow morning with three days rations, in the following order: 1. Colonel Warings brigade will leave Whites Station at 6 a. in., and will proceed to La Fayette same night. 2. Colonel Winslows brigade of cavalry will march from Memphis at 6 a. in., and will escort the supply and ammunition trains, and will rest for the night at Collierville. Battery E, First Ulinois Light Artillery, Battery B, Second Illinois, and one section of Sixth and Fourteenth In- diana and Seventh Wisconsin Batteries each will march at 6 a. in., and proceed to Collierville the same night; the last two will report to Brigadier-General Grierson. MeMillens and Boutons brigades and Ninth Minnesota Volunteers will take the cars at 6 a. mm, and proceed to La Fayette. Colonel loges brigade and the two regiments of General Kilby Smiths division will take the cam-s at 2p. in., and proceed to La Fayette. All the troops will leave La Fayette on Thursday morning, under the command of Brig- adier-General Sturgis. By order of Maj. Gen. C. C. Washburn: W. II. MOIRGAK, Assistant Adjntant- General Page 220 220 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. EXHIBIT ID. GENERAL ORDERS No. 2. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES Lytes House, near La Fayette, Teun., June 2,1864. The brigades of infantry accompanying this expedition will constitute a division, to be commanded by Col. W. L. MeMillen, Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Commanding officers of brigades will report to Colonel MeMillen for orders without delay. By order of Brigadier-General Sturgis: WM. C. I~AWOLLE, Captain, Aide-dc-Camp, and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. EXHIBIT E. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, Mrs. ~ House, near Salem, ]Iitiss., June 5, 18641.45 p. m. Brigadier-General GRIERSON, (Jommanding Cavalry Division: GENERAL: You will detail from 300 to 400 select men, well mounted and equipped, to be commanded by a competent officer, to proceed to Itienzi, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, via Ripley, so as to arrive there as soon after daylight to-morrow as possible, with instructions to get what information is possible off the telegraph line, then to destroy it; destroy any Confederate stores that may be there; march north, de- stroying all bridges and trestle-work they may find along the Mobile and Ohio Railroad as far as the Tuscumbia River, including the railroad bridge over that stream near iDanville; then, in case the Tuscumbia is not fordable, seize and hold the bridge over that stream on the road leading from IDanville to Corinth. In case the river is fordable leave the bridge and hold the ford on the road leading from Kossuth to Corinth. Gain all the information in regard to force at Corinth, and communicate with General Grierson, who will be at some point near Kossuth, or between that point and Ruckersyille, on the road passing by Meeks Mills. By order of Brigadier-General Sturgis: WM. C. RAWOLLE, Captain, Aide-dc-Camp, and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 21. Reports of ]hfaj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Depart ment of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. TUPELO, June 11, 1864. GENERAL: Major-General Forrest met the enemy yesterday at 10 a. m. six miles west of Baldwyn. Fought till 5 p. in., and gained a complete victory, capturing many prisoners and wagon train. The force of enemy estimated at 10,000. The enemy driven ten miles. Our force making for their rear. Our loss quite severe. S. ID. LEE, Major- General. General S. COOPER, Richmond, Va Page 221 Cnh1~. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 221 TUPELO, June 11, 1864. GENERAL: The battle of Tishomingo Creek, fought yesterday by Ma- jor-General Forrest, is one of the most signal victories of the war for forces engaged. The secured results on the field so far are 200 prisoners, 12 pieces of artillery, 150 wagons, mostly loaded, and more still coming in. Most of the animals were ridden off by the enemy. The rout was complete. Our forces, less one-quarter, in close and vigorous I)ursuit. Our loss so far will not exceed 400 killed and wounded. Too much praise cannot be awarded the gallant Forrest and his brave command. S. D. LEE, Major- General. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General. BALDWYN, June 12, 1864. (Via Mobile 13th.) Forrest fought two white and one negro brigade of infantry and 2,500 cavalry, commanded by Sturgis and Grierson; entire force 7,000. These were not Trans-Mississippi troops. One of Roddeys brigades arrived to join fight; other brigades now coming up. Have drawn 1,200 cavalry from Alabama, leaving 1,800 for works. These will keep my force con- centrated in North Mississippi for present, as Trans-Mississippi troops have arrived in Memphis from below, and some veteran troops from Saint Louis. Should force leave Memphis, can then send Forrest into Middle Tennessee. Forrests victory will be great diversion in favor of Johnston. S. I). LEE, General S. COOPER. Major-General. OKOLONA, June 13, 1864. (Via Mobile.) General Forrest reports from Salem on the 11th that he had scat- tered the forces of the enemy and is still pursuing. The loss of en- emy so far amounts to 2,000 killed and wounded, and 1,000 prisoners, 20 pieces of artillery, and 250 wagons and ambulances. The rout is complete. S. P. LEE, Major- General. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General. No. 22. Report of Maj. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest, C. iSp. Army. HEADQUARTERS FORRESTS CAVALRY, Tupelo, July 1, 1864. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of my command in the battle of Tishomingo Creek, fought near Guntown, Miss., June 10, 1864: I received orders from Maj. Gen. S. D. Lee, comma~nding department, to move into Middle Tennessee with 2,000 men from my own comman Page 222 222 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CRAP. LI. and 1,000 from the division of Brigadier-General Roddey, commanding cavalry of North Alabama an pose of destroying the , d two batteries of artillery, for the pur- railroad from Nashville and breaking up the lines of communications connecting that point with Shermans army ill Northern Georgia. in pursuance of that order I left Tupelo oil the 1st day of June with Bufords division and Mortons and Rices batteries. Prior to leaving Tnpelo I dispatched my ai(ie-de-canip, Capt. Charles W. Anderson, aud Capt. John G. Mann, of the engineer department, to make all necessary arrangements for crossing the Tennessee River, which they did through Brigadier-General Roddey. On the morning of the 3d a dispatch reached me at Russeliville from Major-General Lee, stating that the enemy were moving in force from Memphis in the direction of Tupelo, and ordering my immediate return. The order was promptly obeyed, and the column reached Tupelo on the 5th, at which time the enemy were reported at Salem, fifty miles from this place, west. On the 7th my scouts reported the enemy moving in the direction of Rnckersville, and to meet him I moved with Bufords division to Baldwyn, and on the morning of the 8th from thence to Booneville. Major-General Lee had ordered Colommel Rucker, commanding Sixth Brigade of my command, to move to my assistance, and in pursuance of the order he had joined me at Booneville on the evening of the 9th. Major-General Lee had also dispatched Brigadier-General Roddey to leave a small force in the valley near Decatur, and re-enforce me with the balance of his command. I received a dispatch from General Roddey stating that Col. W. A. Johnson, commanding brigade, was mov- ing and ordered to report to me at Tupelo ; also informuing me that the balance of his ~ommand was then between Decatur aimd Rome on the flank of a force of the enemy moving from Decatur to Shermans army. Johnsons brigade reached Baidwyn on the 9th, and was ordered to join me at Booneville. The enemy had endeavored to cross the ilatchie River in the direction of Rienzi, but owing to high water had only suc- ceeded in throwing forward about 500 cavalry, which entered Rienzi on the morning of the 7th and attempted the destruction of the railroad, but left hastily after burning the depot and destroyiug a few yards of the railroad track. Supposing the mnain body would move in thaV direction, General Buford was ordered on the 9th to send Bells bri- gade to Rienzi, holding Lyons brigade, with two batteries of artillery, to await further developments. On the night of the 9th I received dispatches reporting the emiemy, in full force, emmeamped twelve uiiles east of Ripley on the Guntown road, having abandoned the upper route as impracticable. Orders were issued to move at 4 oclock oii the following morning (10th instant). General Buford was also directed to order the immue- diate return of Bells bribade fromn Rienzi to Booneville. The wagon train of my entire command, i u charge of Maj. C. S. Severson, chief quartermaster, was ordered to the rear and southward from Booneville, east of the railroad to Verona. I moved as rapidly as the jaded condi- tion of my horses would justify, intending, if possible, to reach ~ Cross-Roads in advance of the enemy. On arrival at Old Carrollville, in advance of the coummand, I received intelligence that the enemys cavalry were within four miles of the cross-roads. I imnmediately sent forward Lieutenant Black, temporarily attached to nmy staff, with a few men from the Seventh Tennessee Cavalry, who soon reported that he had met the advance of the enemy one mile and a half north of the cross-roads, and was then skirndshing with them. I ordered Colone Page 223 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSI~3SIPPL 223 Lyon, whose brigade was in front., to move forward and develop the enemy, and wrote back to General Buford to move up with the artillery and Bells brigade as xa.pidly as the condition of the horses and roads wonld permit, and ordered him also to send one regiment of Bells brigade from Old Carroilville across to the Ripley and Gimtown road, with orders to gain the rea.r of the enemy or attack and annoy his rear or flank. Moving forward Colonel Lyon threw out one company as skirmishers, and soon after dismounted his brigade and attacked the enemys line of cavalry, driving them back to near the cross-roads, at which place his infantry was arriving and being formed. Desiring to avoid a gen- eral engagement until the balance of my troops and the artillery came up, Colonel Lyon was not pushed forward, but in order tc hold his position secure he made hasty fortifications of rails, logs, and such other facilities as presented themselves. I ordered up Colonel Ruckers brigade dismounting two regiments and forming them on the left of Colonel Lyon, holding his third regiment under Colonel Duff mounted, as a reserve, and throwing it out well on the extreme left to prevent any flank movement on the part of the enemy. Colonel Johnson was also moved into position. We had a severe skirmish with the enemy, which was kept up until 1 oclock, at which time General Buford arrived with the artillery, followed by Bells brigade. The enemy had for some time been shelling our position. On the arrival of the batter- ies I directed General Buford to move them in position and open fire, in order to develop the position of enemys batteries and his lines. The enemy responded with two guns only. The firing from our batteries was discontinued, while Lyon and Johnson were ordered to move their lines forward. It was now 1 oclock, and as all my forces were up I prepared to attack him at once. Taking with me my escort and Bells brigade I moved rapidly around to the Guntown and Ripley road, amid advancing on that road, dismounting the brigade, and forming Russells and Wil- sons regiments on the right, extending to Colonel IRuckers left, and placing Newsoms regiment on the left of the road, Duffs regiment, of Ruckers brigade, and my escort were placed on the left of Newsoms, and formed the extreme left of my line of battle. Before leaving Gen- eral Buford I ordered him the moment the attack began on the left to move the center and right rapidly forward. Owing to the density of the undergrowth Colonel Bell was compelled to advance within thirty yards of the enemy before assaulting him. ln a few seconds the engage- ment became general, and on the left raged with great fury. The enemy having three lines of battle, the left was being heavily pressed, 1 sent a staff officer to General Buford to umove Lyons and Johnsons brmgades forward and press the enemy on the right. Newsonms regiment was suf- ferimig severely and had given way. Colonel Duff and my escort, dis- mounted, were ordered to charge the enemys position in front of New- soms regiment, and succeeded in driving the enemy to his second line, enabling the regiment to rally, reform, and move fbrward to a less ex- posed l)osition. Fearing my order to General Buford had miscarried, I moved forward rapidly along the lines, encouraging my men, until I reached General Buford on the Blackland road, and finding but two pieces of artillery in position and engaged, I directed my aide-de-camp, Captain Anderson, to bring up all the artillery, and ordered General Buford to place it in action at once, which was promptly done. The battle was fierce and the enemy obstinate; but after two hours hard fighting the enemy gave way, being krced back on his third and last line. Colonel Barteau, in command of the regiment sent from Old Car- rollville, had gained the rear of the enemy, and by his presence an Page 224 224 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LL attack in that quarter had withdrawn the cavalry from the enemys flank and created confusion and dismay to the enemys wagon train and the guard attending it. The cavalry was sent back for its protection, and the enemy now in front made a last attempt to hold the cross- roads; but the steady advance of my men and the concentrated, well- directed and rapid fire from my batteries upon that point threw them back, an~1 the retreat or rout began. He endeavored, after abandoning the cross-roads, one piece of artillery, several caissons, and a quantity of ammunition, to protect his rear and check pursuit, taking advantage of every favorable position along his line of march, but he w~s speedily driven from them. Pressing forward he was forced to abandon many of his wagons and ambulances. Before reaching Tishomningo Creek the road was so blockaded with abandoned vehicles of every description that it was difficult to move the artillery forward. Ordering up my horses, they were mounted and the pursuit was then continued and the enemy were driven until dark. He attempted the destruction of his wagons, loaded with ammunition and bacon, but so closely was he pur- sued that many of them were saved without injury, although the road was lighted for some distance. It being dark, and my men and horses requiring rest, I threw out an advance to follow slowly and cautiously after the enemy, and ordered the counnand to halt, feed, and rest. At 1 a. m. on the 11th the pursuit was resumed. About 3 oclock we came again upon the enemys rear guard of cavalry; but moving for- ward he gave way and did not attempt to check our advance. In the bottom on the south prong of the Hatchie they had abandoned the bal- ance of their wagon traimi, all their wounded, and 14 pieces of artil- lery. We came upon them again about four miles east of Ripley, where they had prepared to dispute our advancQ, but made only a feeble and ineffectual resistance, the Seventh Tennessee and my escort driving him from his position. He made another stand two miles east of Rip- ley, but it was followed by another characteristic retreat. On reaching the town of Ripley, about 8 a. in., the cimemny was found in line of battle and seemingly prepared for determined resistance, occupying all favor- able positions for that purpose. I had but few troops present. My escort was sent to the left and engaged the enemy, and Colonel Wil- sons regiment was thrown forward, dismounted, as skirmuishers, ex- pecting they would be driven until the balance of my forces came up. The advance of Colonel Wilson and the escort was spirited and deter- mined, and at the first appearance of additional force he again retreated, leaving 21 killed and 70 wounded, among whom was Colonel McKeaig; also leaving another piece of artillery, 2 caissons, and 2 ambulances; and from this place to the end of our pursuit the enemy offered no organized resistance, but retreated in the most complete disorder, throwing away guns, clothing, and everything calculated to impede his flight. Faulkners (Kentucky) regiment, commanded by Major Tate, and the Seventh Tennessee, Colonel J)uckworth, made repeated charges, mounted, and captured many prisoners. I ordered General Buford to continue the pursuit, and taking with me my escort and Colonel Bell, - with his brigade, endeavored by taking ammother road to cut them off at Salem, but reached there an hour after their rear had passed. General Buford had pursued them rapidly and their infantry saved themselves by scattering on all by-roads leading toward the Memphis and Charles- ton Railroad, retreating through the woods in squads and avoiding capture in that way. Regarding all further pursuit of the enemys cavalry useless, I ordered General Buford to move in the direction of Mount Pleasant and La Grange, and to scour the country on his retur Page 225 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 225 and to gather up 1)risollers, arms, & c., that could be found. All the troops were ordered back, and details made to gather up prisoners and spoils. Before reaching the battle-field on the return march several hundred prisoners were taken from their hiding places in the woods. My entire command moved to Guntown, and thence to this place. My available force in the engagement was 3,500. From the reports of the prisoners captured, corroborated by official documents caj)tured on the field, the enemy had in the engagement 10,259. The loss of the enemy in killed and wounded is not less than 2,000, 250 wagons and ambulances, 18 pieces of artillery, 5,000 stand of small- arms, 500,000 rounds of ammunition, and all his baggage and supplies. I regret to say that during onr pursuit the abandoned wagons, & c., of the enemy were pillaged and plandered by citizens and stragglers of the command. I herewith forward reports from the chief quartermaster and commis- sary,* showing the amount of property belonging to their respective departments received~ and but for fire and robbery the entire outfit could have beei1 saved. The enemy broke, bent, and secreted a large number of their small- arms, but as far as they could be found they have been packed up and sent back for repairs. A report of the division provost-marshal, showing the prisoners cap- tured and sent sot~th,is also herewith forwarded. Quite a number were captured too far west to be returned to this route, and were sent south via Holly Springs and Grenada. The whole neniber captured and in our hands is not less than 2,000. Our loss in the engagement iii killed and wounded is, as will be seen by report of chief surgeon, 493.t Colonel tRucker, commanding brigade, rel)orted directly to me, and I take pleasure in speaking of his uniform good conduct. his attack was made with vigor, rapidity, and precision. Capt. John W. Morton, chief of artillery, moved with great promptness, and did admirable execution with his guns. My medical staff, under the direction of Chief Surg. J. B. Cowan, were assiduous in attention to the wounded on the field and in their removal to comfortable hospitals. My chief quartermaster, Maj. C. S. Severson, an(1 Maj. G. V. liambaut, commis- sary of subsistence, were highly serviceable and useful in gathering up and taking care of captured property belonging to their respective departments. Thus did my troops in the hour of need rally to the defense of their country. They deserve well of her gratitude. Notwithstanding the great disparity in numbers they repulsed the foe and achieved a victory as imperishable as it is briiliant. My obligations are hereby returned to Brigadier-General Buford, commanding division. He was prompt in obeying orders and exhibited great energy both in assaulting and pursuing the enemy. The high praises he bestows upon his brigade commanders, Colonels Bell amid Lyon, are truthful and just. They exhibited coolness, skill, courage, and ability. Colonel Johnson, commanding brigade from General Roddeys comnmand, exhibited throughout the engagemnemit the qualities of a gallant officer. This victory may be justly considered one of the most complete of the war,and for it I feel indebted to the valor of umy troops and the Coinmiss:rys report not found. t %e p. 230. 19 11 hVOL XXXIX~ PT Page 226 226 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. skill of my subordinate officers, and I mention again that to Colonels Bell, Lyon, and Rucker, commanding brigades, I feel mainly indebted for this crowning .success over vastly superior numbers. It would be unjust to close my report without referring to the gallant and meritorious conduct of my escort company, commanded by Capt. J. C. Jackson. Owing to drill, discipline, and material its services Were to me on this occasion, as on many other fields, invaluable, and I con- sider it to-day the best body of men in my commanddashing, daring, and uiifiinching in the execution of orders given, and as scouts, for reliability and effectiveness, they are without ami equal. Iii conclusion, my acknowledgments are also due to Maj. Charles W. Anderson, acting assistant adjutant-general, and to Lieutenants Donelson and Galloway, my aides-de-camp. Fully alive to the emer- gencies of the occasion and the odds against us, they were prompt and faithful in the execution of all orders and untiring in the discharge of every duty devolving upon them from the commencement of the battle until pursuit was ended. Respectfully submitted. IN. B. FORREST, Maj. P. ELLIS, Major- General. Assistant Adjutant- General, lllieridian. [Inclosure No. 1.] Report of quartermasters property captured in the battle of Tishonhngo Creek on Jane 10, 1864, by Major- General Forrests cavalry command. In whose possession. ~~o ~ ~ 6 On -Sn +~ SO~ -0~n S o ~ on ~ n Description. ~ an n nO~ ~ ~.O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~n ~ ~ Sn~ ~.S ~ 0 H Miimes 50 110 1 161 Horses 8 1 14 K::.. 23 5ix-horse wagons 92 54 9 13 168 Four-horse wagons 1 6 7 Two-horse wagons 1 Ambulances 3 12 mo Wheem harness, single sets of 20 89 42 16 ...~. 167 Lead harness, single sets of 54 124 60 30 1....~. 268 5ingle sets of wheel ambulance harness - 0 6 12 single sets of lead ambulance harness 4 2 6 Wagon sheets 25 15 12 52 Bridles 25 25 Collars 20 88 108 Fifth-chains 54 24 9 5 .. 92 5tretchers, pairs 01 11 16 20 I~.... 138 Tr e-chains, pairs 25 25 Water-buckets 10 10 Rope, feet 375 375 I certify that the above is a correct report made up from the reports of above officers. C. S. SEVERSON, Major and Chief Quartermaster, For rests Cavalry Command Page 227 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION INTO MISSISSIPPI. 227 [Joclosure No. 2.] PROVOST-MARSHALS OFFICE, FORRESTS CAVALRY DEPT., to 23, 1864. Major ELLIS, Tupelo, Miss Ju~ Assistant Adjutant- (Jeneral: MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of captures made by the command of Maj. Gen. N. B. Forrest in the battle of Brices Cross-Roads, Tishomiugo Creek Miss showing ., 011 10th of June, 1864, Colonel 1 Assistant surgeon 1 Captains 18 Lieutenants 40 Non-commissioned officers 87 Musicians 3 Total 150 Privates 1, 468 Aggregate 1, 618 Stand of colors 2 Respectfully submitted. JNO. GOODWIN, Captain, Chief Provost-Marshal, Forrests Cavalry Department. [Inclosure No. 3.] Report of ordnance and orduanec stores captured at the battle of Tisho- mingo Creek, June 10 and 11, 1864, by ]Jfaj. Gen. N. B. Forrests cavalry command. 3-inch steel gun, rifled 1 6-pounder James bronze guns, rifled 3 3.8-inch James bronze guns, rifled 2 6-pounder bronze guns 12-pounder bronze howitzers 2 12-pounder Napoleon bronze guns 3 Total guns 16 3-inch carriage and limber 1 12-pounder howitzer carriages and limbers 2 6-pounder gun carriages and limbers 7 12-pounder Napoleon carriages and limbers 3 12-pounder Napoleon caissons and limbers 2 12-pounder howitzer caissons and limbers 2 3-inch rifle caisson and limber 1 6-pounder gnu caissons and limbers 10 6-pounder shot 77 6-pounder canister 54 6-pounder spherical case 50 12-pounder canister 15 12-pounder shot 35 12-pounder spherical case 90 6-pomrnder fixed shot 200 6-pounder fixed spherical case 150 12-pounder fixed shot 17 12-pounder fixed spherical case 37 12-pounder fixed canister 11 12-pounder fixed howitzer spherical case 50 12-pounder fixed gun canister 13 12-pounder gun spherical case 18 Stand small -arms 1, 500 Cap-pouches 60 Cartridge-boxes a14 Rounds small-arms cartridges 300, 000 Hames, pairs 9 Page 228 228 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. tJ. Collars Valise saddles 10 Artillery saddles 2 Wheel traces Lead traces 62 Breast straps 6 Sets breeching Limber chests 3 Respectfully submitted. J. B. RUSSELL, Chief Ordnance Officer. ADDENDA HEADQUARTERS FORRESTS CAVALRY, Tupelo, 11h88., June 28, 1864. SOLDIERS: After a long and laborious campaign, the major-general commanding deenis it an appropriate occasion to address you a few words of recapitulation, acknowledgment, and congratulation. About the 15th of February last the campaign which so gloriously terminated at Tishomingo Creek was inaugurated. Major-General Sherman with a large and well-appointed army undertook to penetrate the central coun- ties of Alabama and Mississippi. His object was avowedly to capture Selma and Mobile, and to desolate that productive region of country, from which the granaries of a large section of the Confederacy were supplied. Generals Smith aimd Grierson had their duties assigned them, and were to act a conspicuous part in the work of spoliation and ~)iracy. With a large co-operating cavalry force, thoroughly armed and equipped, they were to descend through Northern Mississippi, carrying fire amid sword with them. On they caine, like a blighting sirocco. At West Point you met them. There you threw yourselves across the rich praim~es, a living bulwark, to stay the desolating tide. Compared with the enemy you were but few in numbers, but every man became a hero, for all seenmed impressed with the importance of the momentous struggle. You proved yourselves equal to the expectations of the coun- try. You met the proud and exultant enemy. The result is kiiowii to the world; you drove him howling back in ignominy and shame; broken amid demoralized. Shermans campaign was thus brought to an abrupt conclusion, a~iid Mississippi and Alabama saved. The victory was a glorious one, and with heartfelt pride the general commanding acknowledges your unexampled gallantry. This great work was ac- complished by Colonel Bells brigade, commamided by Colonel Bartean, Colonel McCullochs, aimd Colonel Forrests brigades. But great as was this victory, it is not without its alloy. The laurel is closely entwined with the cypress, and the luster of a brilliant triumph is darkemmed by time blood with which it was purchased. It was here that Colonel Barksdale gave up his life a willing sacrifice upon the altar of his coun- try. He fell iii fromit of the battle, gallantly disc1margimm~ his duty. He sleeps, but his namne is imperishable. Here, too, fell the noble brother of the general coummanding, Col. Jeffrey E. Forrest. lie was a brave and chivalrous spirit, ever foremost in the fight. He fell in time flower of his youth and usefulimess, but his dying gaze was proudly turned upon the victorious field, which his own valor had aided in winning. Peace to the ashes of these gallant young heroes. After a short repose you were called to a new theater of action. By long and rapid marches, which you endured without murmur or comn- plaint, you found yourselves upon time waters of the Ohio, sweeping the enemy before you wherever you met him, capturing hundreds of pri Page 229 CHAP. LI.1 EXPEI)ITJON INTO MISSISSIPPI. 229 oners, valuable and needed stores in the quartermasters and ordnance departments, while securing for yourselves a character for endurance, valor, and efficiency which might well excite the envy of the most famous legions in military history. At Fort Pillow you exhibited the same conspicuous gallantry. In the face of a murderous fire from two gun-boats and six pieces of artillery on the fort, you stormed the works and either killed or captured the entire garrison, a motley herd of negroes, traitors, and Yankees. This noble work was accomplished by parts of Chalmers and Bufords divisions, composed of Bells and Mc- ~ brigades, commanded by Brigadier-General Chalmers; and for his gallantry on this and other occasions General Chalmers deserves the enduring gratitude of his countrymen. For the exhibitions of high soldierly bearing on these fields you have earned from your country and its government the most grateful and well-deserved plaudits. Congress has voted you complimentary resolutions of thanks and tendered you a nations homage. But the crowning glory of your great deeds has yet to be named. Tishomingo Creek is the brightest leaf in your chaplets of laurels. General Grierson, not satisfied with his test of your prowess, united with General Sturgis, at the head of one of the best appointed fbrces ever equipped by the Yankee nation, complete in infantry, cavalry, ar- tillery, and supply trains. They came forth with threats of vengeance toward you and your commander for the bloody victory of Fort Pillow, made a massacre only by dastardly Yankee reporters. Again you re- sl)olIded bravely to your generals call. You met the enemy and de- feated him. Victory was never more glorious, disaster never more crushing and signal. From a proud and defiant foe en route to the heart of your country, with declarations both by negro and white troops of no quarters to Forrest or his men he became an enemy beaten, de- feated, routed, destroyed. You drove the boasted minions of despotism in confused flight from the battle-field. Seventeen guns, 250 wagons, 3,000 stand of arms, 2,000 prisoners, and killed and wounded 2,000 more, are the proud trophies which adorn your triumphant banners. The remainder is still wandering in the bushes and bottoms, forever lost to the enemy. There were not over 3,000 of you who achieved this vic- tory over 10,000 of the enemy. Had you never before raised an arm in your countrys cause this terrible overthrow of her brutal foe would entitle you to her deepest gratitude. Again, your general expresses his pride and admiration of your gallantry and wonderful achievements. You standi before the world an unconquerable band of heroes. Whether dismounted, and fighting shoulder to shoulder like infantry veterans, or hurling your irresistible squadrons on the flying foe, you evinced the same courageous bravery. Soldiers! Amid your rejoicing do not forget the gallant dead upon these fields of glory. Many a noble comrade has fallen a costly sacri- fice to his countrys independence. The most you can do is to cherish their memory and strive to make the future as glorious as you and they have made the past. To Brigadier-General Buford, commanding division, my obligations are especially due. His gallantry and activity on the field were ever conspicuous, and for the energy displayed in pursuing the enemy he deserves much of his Government. He has abundant cause to be proud of his brigade commanders, Colonels Lyon and Bell, who displayed great gallantry during the day. Col. B. W. liucker was prompt in the discharge of every (luty. His brigade displayed conspicuous steadiness during the fight. Colonel Johnson, commanding brigade from Genera Page 230 230 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CnAP. IL lioddeys command, merits notice for his coolness and bravery on this occasion, and for the valuable services rendered by his troops. Nor can the general comin~inding forget to mention the efficient aid rendered by the artillery, commanded by Capt. John W. Morton. He moved rapidly over the roughest ground and was always in action at the right time, and his well-directed fire dealt destruction in the masses of the enemy. The general conunandiug also takes pleasure in noticing the intelli- gent alacrity with which Maj. C. W. Anderson, Capt. W. II. Brand, Lieutenants Otey, Donelson, Titus, and Galloway, of my staff, con- veyed orders to all parts of the field. They were ever near my person, and were prompt in the discharge of every duty. Soldiers! You have done much, but there is still work for you to do. By prompt obedience to orders and patient endurance you will be en- abled to repeat these great achievements. The enemy is again prepar- ing to break through the living wall erected by your noble bosonis and big hearts. In the name and recollection of ruined home~, (hesolated fields and the bleaching bommes of your umartyred comrades, you are appealed to again. The smoke of your burning homesteads, the screams of your insulted women, and the cries of starving children will again nerve your strong arms with strength. Your fathers of 76 had much to fight for, but how little and unimportant was their cause compared with yours. They fought not against annihilation, but simply to be independent of a foreign ~et a constitutional amid free Government. You are struggling against the mnost odious of all tyranny, for existence itself, for your property, your homes, your wives, and children, against your own en- slavemnent, again st emancipation, confiscation, and subjugation, with all their attendant horrors. In conclusion, your commanding general congratulates you on the brmllmant prospects which everywhere pervade our cause. The inde- pendence of the Confederate States is a fixed, accomplished, iinmnu table fact. The ray of peace is glimmering like bright sunshine around the dark clouds. Be true to yourselves and your country a little while longer and you will soon be enabled to return to your desolated homnes, there to collect together once more your scattered household gods. By order of Maj. Gen. N. B. Forrest: C. W. ANDERSON, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 23. Return of casualties in the Confederate forces. [Compiled from nominal list.*] Killed, wounded. Command. a _________ 0 0 ~ Third Brigade. Staff 1 1 3d Kentucky.. - el 8 5 39 53 7th Kentucky bi 4 7 27 39 8th Kentuck\~ 2 3 12 17 12th Kentucky c2 12 9 32 55 Total . 4 20 25 110 165 aLient. 5. B. Edwards. bCapt. ii. M. Seny. c Capt. J. J. XVilson and Lient. E. P. Kailling. ~ Signed by Surg. J. B. Cowan, chief surgeon Forrests cavalry department Page 231 231 AFFAIR AT INDIAN BAYOU, MISS. Return of casualties in the Confederate forcesContinued. Killed. Wounded. Command. a a . a . a a ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Fourth Brigade. Staff 3 3 15th Tennessee el 4 7 40 52 16th Tennessee b? 15 10 27 54 19th Tennessee el 3 1 17 22 Total 4 22 21 84 131 Sixth Brigade. 8th Mississippi d1 7 6 42 56 18th Mississippi e1 6 7 37 51 7th Tennessee f2 19 3 30 54 Total 4 32 16 109 161 Johnsons Brigade. 4th Alabama 2 7 Morelands regiment 1 2 3 Williams battalion 1 1 4 Warrens battalion 1 1 2 Total 3 6 16 Artillery. Mortons battery 4 Rices battery 1 5 Total 1 9 Grand total 12 84 68 328 492 9 6 6 4 25 4 6 10 a Capt. J. R. Hibbitt. d Lient. W. R. Welch, Ensign W. R. Hogg mortally b Licuts. J. Robert Arnold and J. P. Revely. wounded. cLient. E. P. looper. eLleut. W. W. Govan. f Capt. W. J. Tate and Lieut. W. S. Pope. JUNE 8, 1864.Affair at Indian Bayou, Miss. Report of Capt. Perry Evans, Ninth Texas Cavalry, commanding scouts. IDEER CREEK, MISS., June 13, 1864. MAJou: I have the honor most respectfully to report that on the 6th instant a Yankee force, supposed to be between 8,000 and 10,000 strong, commanded by General A. J. Smith landed at Sunny Side, a point on the Arkansas shore about seven miles below Greenville, Miss., and engaged General Marmadukes forces between that place and Lake Village, Ark., and again on their march by land to Columbia, Ark., where they were driven on their boats. They themselves acknowledge the loss of about 600 men.* The boats upon which this command embarked passed on up the Mississippi River. I followed them as far as the mouth of White River, and saw these boats, twenty-three in number, pass up the Mississippi River beyond that point on Saturday, 11th instant, at 2 oclock at night. They theit reported that they were en route to re-en- force General Sherman. On the 8th instant a Federal cavalry force, * For reports of these operations, see Vol. XXXIV, Part I, p. 971. CHAP. LI. Page 232 232 ICY., ~W. VA., TENN., MISE% ALA., AND N. N3A. [CHAP. LI. from 300 to 400 strong, landed at Greenville, Miss., and marched hastily to Indian Bayou, which they reached at night and there sur- prised and captured during the night several furloughed soldiers from the Texas cavalry brigade. They also captured 1 of my scouts because of his horse becoming bogged in Black Bayou; we soon afterward cap- tured 1 of the Federals. These men were yesterday exchanged and my man has returned to duty. These Federals captured and carried oft~ a number of mules and negroes from Indian Bayou and a few from Deer Creek. This force consisted of four companies of land cavalry sent up from Vicksburg, the rest were cavalry of the marine boats, and the raid was umder the command of General Ellet, of the marines. My scouts fought them at every point wherean opportunity offered. Indian Bayou is a bayou running nearly parallel with and about four- teen miles east of Bayou Phalia, emptying into Sunflower River at Gar- yins Ferry. Doctor Atkins, a man on Indian Bayou, has papers purporting to be au- thority from the Confederate Government as an agent to take care of Government cotton, but he has no authority to sell cotton. He has car- ried to and sold at Beulah, Bolivar County, Miss., about seventy-five bales of cotton; for part of which he received in payment gold at 28 cents per pound, but I have information that for some of it he has received ~~greeubacks.~~ I am almost satisfied that his papers are not genuine, and I most resy)ectfully ask to be informed whether he is in fact authorized to do such things as are here reported. I have heretofore forwarded several reports through General Adams headquarters. I have the honor, major~ to be your obedient servant, PERRY EVANS, Major ELLIOTT, Captain, Commanding Scouts. A ssistant A(jutant- General, Maj. Gen. S. D. Lees llidqrs. JUNE 13JULY 15, 1864.Raid from Morristown, Tenn., into North Caro lina, and capture (June 28) of Camp Vance. R1fPOT~TS. No. l.Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, U. S. Army, commanding Department of the Ohio. No. 2.Capt. Robert Morrow, Assistant Adjntant-General, U. S. Army. No. 3.Col. John B. Palmer, Fifty-eighth North Carolina Infantry, commanding District of Western North Carolina. No. 4.Col. Peter Mallett, commanding North Carolina conscripts. No. 1. Report of ]Jliaj. Gen. John M. Schofield, U. S. Army, commanding Depart ment of the Ohio. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE 01110 Near Atlanta, Ga., July 21, iSGI. GENERAL: I have the honor to inform you that Capt. G. W. Kirk, Third North Carolina Volunteer Infantry, has returned to Knoxville from the raid I ordered him to make into Western North Carolina. The fo Page 233 CHAP. LI.] RAID INTO NORTh CAROLINA. 233 lowing is a correct summary of the results of the expedition: ll~riarched with about 130 men from Morristown on the 13th of June, and proceeded via Bulls Gap, Greeneville, Tenn and Crab Orchard to Camp Vance, within six miles of Morganton, ~. C. At Camp Vance he met the enemy, routing them, with a loss to them of 1 commissioned officer and 10 men killed; number of wounded unknown. At Camp Vance he de- stroyed a large quantity of rebel property, including 1 locomotive, in fine order, and 3 cars, the depot and commissary buildings, 1,200 small- arms, with ammunition, and 3,000 bushels grain, besides capturing 277. prisoners, who surrendered with the camp, of which number he sue- ceeded in bringing into Knoxville 132, together with 32 negroes and 48 horses and mules, besides obtaining 40 recruits for his regiment, and perfecting arrangements for others. He did not accomplish the prin- cipal object of the expeditionthat is, the destruction of the railroad bridge over the Yadkin River; but made arrangements to do this se- cretly, it being impossible for him to do it by force. The total casual- ties of his command were 1 killed, 1 mortally wounded, and 5 slightly, including Captain Kirk himself. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. SCHOFIELD, Major-General, Corn manding. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Commanding Military Division of the Mississippi. A DD~NDA. finQus. MILITARY I)IYI5ION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, In the Field, near Atlanta, Ga., July 21, 18G4. Major-General SCHOFIELD Commanding Department of the Ohio: GENERAL: Yours of to-day is received. Please convey to Col. G. W. Kirk the assurances of my appreciation of the services rendered by him in his late expedition. You may encourage him all you cami, more in organizing the element in North Carolina hostile to Jeff. Davis rather than in undertaking those hazardous expeditions. If he could form a series of companies in Western Carolina that could protect each other, and give us the information needed, he would fully earn his compensa- tion and our thanks. I am, & c., W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE OHIO, Before Atlanta, Ga., July 24, 1864~ Capt. G. W. KIRK, Third North Carolina Volunteer Infantry: CAPTAIN: 1 have received fromn Captain Morrow, assistant adjutant- general, a report of your operations in the recent expedition into North Carolina, and take pleasure in conveying to you the assurances of Major-General Sherman of his appreciation of the service you have rca Page 234 234 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. dered oflr canse, to which I add my own thanks to you, and through yon to the officers and men of yonr command, for the gallant and successful manner in which you have condncted the expedition. Such daring and hazardous expeditions should be undertaken but rarely. You can, in general, render more effective service by organizing the element in North Carolina hostile to Jeff. Davis into a series of scoutiiig coin- panics, who would protect each other, interrupt as much as possible the communications of the enemy, destroy his supply depots, and bring in such information as may be useful to us. Any assistance in my power will be given to enable you to carry out this project. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. SCHOFIELD, Major- General, Commanding. No. 2. Report of Capt. Robert Morrow, Assistant Adjutant- General, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO, Knoxville, Teun., July 15, 1864. GENERAL: Capt. 0-. W. Kirk, Third North Carolina Volunteer In- fantry, has just returned from a highly successful expedition into West- ern North Carolina. The following is a correct summary of the results of the expedition: He marched with about 130 men from Morristown on the 13th of June, and proceeded, via Bulls Gap, Greeneville, Teun., and Crab Orchard, to Camp Vance, within six miles of Morganton, N. C. At Broylesvihle, Teun., he met the enemy, routing them, with a loss of 1 commissioned officer and 10 men killed; number of wounded unknown. At Camp Vance he destroyed a large quantity of rebel property, including 1 locomotive, in fine order, and 3 cars, the depot and commissary buildings, 1,200 small-arms, with ammunition, and 3,000 bushels grain, besides capturing 277 prisoners, who surrendered with the camp, of which number he succeeded in bringing into Knoxville 132, together wIth 32 negroes and 48 horses and mules, besides obtaining 40 recruits for his regiment and perfecting arrangements for others. He did not accomplish the principal object of the expeditionthat is, the destruction of the railroad bridge over the Yadkin River; but made arrangements to do this secretly, it being impossible for him to do it by force. The total casualties of his comnniamid were 1 killed, 1 mortally wounded, ai~d 5 slightly, including Captain Kirk himself. The com- manding officer at Kingston, Tenn., reports that guerrillas, under Champ Ferguson, drove off a few days since 500 U. S. horses that Captain Fry was pasturing within a few miles of that place, and that the mounted force available was inadequate to their pursuit and recapture. General Ammnen reports that orders have beemi given and that efforts will be made to recover the stock and punish the raiders. The above is respectfully submitted. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, It. MORROW, 6~aptain and Assistant Adjutant- General. Maj. 0-en. J. M. SCHOFIELD, Commanding Dept. of the Ohio, lid qrs. in the Field Page 235 CHAP. LI.] RAID INTO NORTH CAROLINA. 235 No. 3 Report of Col. John B. Palmer, Fifty-eighth North Carolina Infantr~j, commanding District of Western North Carolina. HDQRS. DISTRICT OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA, Asheville, July 4, 18G4. GENERAL: On Wednesday evening last a vague rumor reached me to the effect that a baud of tories and deserters had on Tuesday at day- light surl)rised and captured Camp Vance (a rendezvous of conscripts, near Morganton) and a battalion of Junior Reserves recently organized at that place. Camp Vance is not in my district, my command extend- ing only to the Blue Ridge. Thinking it possible that this band might seek to pass to East Tennessee through Mitchell Comity, I immedi ately ordered some infantry to re-enforce the detachment in that county, and intercept and capture the tories should they return by that route; but it was too late, they having passed to Tennessee on Thursday. I have no cavalry nuder my command. It appears that in going to Camp Vance, Kirk, with a small band of Indians, iiegroes, and deserters, passed from Carter Couuty, Teun., through Mitchell County (desig- nated as Watanga County on the map), traveling in the night and avoiding all roads. When he captured Camp Vance he had but 150 men. On his return to Tennessee lie plundered and burned my residence in Mitchell County. lie committed no other depredations in my district, though lie committed many, I understand, east of the B!ue Ridge. If the citizemis of Morganton had notified me of Kirks presence in their vicinity I could have captured his entire band. My forces are still after him, but lie will undoubtedly escape. I fear this is but the pre- lude to something more serious. My force is entirely inadequate to the defense of the district. It is 250 miles froni the Virginia to the Georgia State line. I am forced to keep most of my troops l)osted from Yan- cey to Cherokee Counties, in order to guard as far as possible against raids into the country opposite the enemys lines. I have not the force to resist successfully any serious demonstrations on the part of the enemy. The department may rely, however, upon my doing the best I can. General Holmes has not only not given me any additional re- serves, but has ordered to the eastern part of the State the small battalion of Junior Reserves recently collected and organized at this place. Some cavalry should be sent to me at once, if practicable. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. B. PALMER, Colonel, Commanding District. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond. [rirst rndorsernent.] JULY 23, 1864. Colonel MELTON, Assistant Adjutant- General: Has not Colonel Palmer beeu superseded in this command by General Martin ~ If so, I suppose no action is necessary on this paper. J. B. HOGE. [Second indorsement.] Respectfully returned to Colonel Melton. The point of inquiry is whether Colonel Palmer is still in command. Has General Martin superseded him ~? The information is needed with reference to some action on pending papers here. J. B. HOGE Page 236 236 ICY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [ChAP. LI. [Third indorsement.] Major loGE: AUGUST 8, 1864. Colonel Palmer has not been relieved. He is still in command, but is now subordinate to General Martin. He is in immediate colflman(l of the troops, while General Martin commands the district. The latter is responsible. MELTON. No. 4. Report of Col. Peter Mallett, commanding North Carolina conscripts. CONSCRIPT OFFICE, Raleigh, N. C., July 1, 1864. GENERAL: The late capture of Camp Vance by the band of raiders under the renegade Kirk having involved the capture of some of your command (the reserves), I deem it proper to forward for your informa- tion the inclosed copy of letter from Captain Allen, reporting the affi~iir. TIme report is very unsatisfactory and by no means creditable to the officers present, who, it appears, made no resistance whatever. The home guard turned out in force, and, together with a company of the Salisbury prison guard, overtook the raiders at Piedmont Springs, nine- teen mmles from Morganton, as reported to the Governor by Mr. Wilson, president Western railroad. In the skirmish or fight at this place Kirks arm was broken and Colonel Avery of our party, severely wounded. It appears that only our monntea men were engaged, the infantry beiiig within seven miles, advancing rapidly. It is snpposed Colonel Palmuer will head them off, their limme of retreat being through Watauga amid Yancey Counties. Lieutenant Hines, with 165 mounte(l men of the supporting force, reached this place yesterday, time men having been ordered here for assignment to the field in accordance with instructions from Bureau of Conscription. Under existing circumstances, in view of the defenseless condition of Western North Carolina, and the liability to similar raids by tories and marauders, I have earnestly urged upon the superintendent by telegraph tIme importance of the immediate return of this command to protect amid hold the country. No reply has been received, commnunicatiou with liiclmumond by mail and telegraph being cut off. I have concluded time emergency will not justify further delay, and have ordered the coin- maimd to returim to their former field of operations until further orders. I have time honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, PETEII MALLETT, Colonel, Commandant of Conscripts for North Carolina. General T. II. HoLMEs, Commanding Reserves. [Inciosure.] CAMP VANCE, N. C., June 29, 1864. COLONEL: On my arrival here this muorning I found Camp Vance a heap of ruins, and after strict investigation beg leave to submit time following report: Major McLean left this place Monday morning, the 27th instant, leaving Licutenatit Bullock, the seiiior officer present, iii charge of th Page 237 CHAP. LI.] RAID INTO NORTH CAROLINA. 237 camp, with instructions to organize and arm the three remaining coin- panies of Junior Reserves at this place. Lieutenant Bullock I)roceeded to organize them that day, and it being late in the afternoon when the organizations were completed, he postponed arming them, intending to do so next morning, I suppose, apprehending no difficulty on account of the delay; bnt on the following morning, the 28th iustant, crc the sound of reveille hushed in camp, it was resnmed by an unknown band, and a squad nnder cover of a flag of truce, proceeding to headquarters demanded an unconditional surrender of the camp, by order of Colonel [Captain] Kirk, commanding a detachment of the Third Regiment Ncrth Carolina Mounted Infantry Volunteers, the same notorious tory and traitor, vagabond and scoundrel, who organized those four companies of thieves and tories at Burnsville, N. C., last April. Lieutenant Bullock seeing his men scattered all aronnd the camp, sent out Lieutenant flanks to endeavor to make terms of snrrender, which Lieutenant Ilauks re- ported that he succeeded in doing, and that tue terms were that the men and officers should be paroled immediately, and private property respected. Tlme officers present secured their goods aimd chattels, amid then the incendiarys torch was stuck to every building except the hos- pital, which the surgeons by their blarney amid ingeitious persuasion saved intact. The officers and men were all taken oft nuder guard, except the surgeons, who were paroled, and about seventy men, whom they managed to get on the sick list and crowd in the hospital. The surgeomms succeeded in saving about all of their supplies, all the cook- ing utensils of the camp, and extinguished the flames iii two double cabins of officers quarters and one row of privates cabins. There were 250 bushels of corn burned, about 6,500 pounds of forage, some 100 bushels of rye, and 50 of oats; also some 250 guns and accouter- ments, a goodly number of which were in bad condition, about 1,500 rounds of amumummition, & e. They burned all the office books and papers and all papers and documents in the quartermasters and coin- missary departments. They took oft~ 4 goverunment mules and 4 private horses, leaving the 2 wagons and 1 set of harness. I am not informed as to the amount of commissary stores on hand, though imo consider- able quantity. There were some 240 of the Junior Reserves in camp here on the morn- imig of the cal)itulatiomi besides the officers. The raidimig ~)arty mmumn- bered, so far as I have been able to learn, betweemi 150 and 200 men, being composed of a very few soldiers, some 25 Indians, amid the re- mainder of deserters and tories from Tennessee and Western North Carolina. All of them were armed magnificently, the most of them with Spencer repeating rifles. They released some recusant conscripts and deserters from the guard-house here and armed themu immediately. They are retreating and gathering horses and negro muemi, whom they arm instantly. The home guard and some two companies from the garrisomi at Salisbury are in pursuit. I will let you hear from me again soon. The surgeons had sent all the men who were in the hospital home, with orders to report to their respective coumity enrolling officers, before my arrival. I will have what little they failed to destroy well stored. I am, colonel, with great respect, your very humble servamit, C. N. ALLEN, Captain (retired) Col. PETER MALLETT, Comdt. Conscripts for North ~Jarolina, Raleigh, N. C Page 238 238 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. JUNE 24AUGUST 20, 1864.Operations in the District of Northern Ala bama. SUMMARX 01 THIE PRINCIPAL IEVENTS, June 24, 1564.Skirmish at Curtis Wells. 29, 1564cAffair at Pond Springs. July 25, 1864.Affair at Courtlaud. 25, 1864.Affair on the Danville road, near Decatur. 31, 1864Affair uear Wathius Plantation. Aug. 6, 1564.Affair on the Somerville road, near Decatur. 9, 1564Skirmish near Poud Springs. 1720, 1564.Expedition from Decatur to Moulton, and skirmish (l8thl9th) near Autioch Church. REPORTS. N& . 1.Col. Charles C. Doolittle, Eighteenth Michigan Inflintry, of operations June 24August 19. No. 2.Lieut. Col. William F. Prosser, Second Tennessee Cavalry, commanding brigade, of operations August 1720. No. 1. Report of Col. Charles C. Doolittle, Eighteenth Michigan Infantry, of operations June 24August 19. HEADQUARTERS POST, Decatur, Ala., August 1.9, 186k. SIR: In accordance with instructions from the general commanding district, I have the honor herewith to submit the following summary of the operations of the forces at this post from the 24th day of June, 1864, to the present time: June 24, 200 men of the Eighteenth Michigan Infantry and two com- panies of the Ninth Ohio Cavalry, under Major Ilulburd, attacked rebel camp at Curtis Wells, on the Moulton road, at 3.30 in the morning. Enemys loss, 3 killed, 6 wounded, and 1 taken prisoner; our loss, 1 man killed and 4 wounded June 29, two companies of the Ninth Ohio Cavalry and about 800 in- fantry, under Colonel Grower, of the Seventeenth New York Veteran Volunteers, attacked and partially surprised the camp of Colonel Pat- terson at Pond Springs, captured 1 lieutenant and 9 nmen, his wagons, ambulances, camp aimd garrison equipage officers b of horses and mules; killed and wounded aggage, and a lot several of the enemy; n~ loss on our side. Infantry marched fifty miles in thirty-six hours. July 25, a force under Colonel Grower, consisting of 800 infantry and 300 cavalry, with two pieces of artillery, engaged amid routed the enemy under Colonel Patterson at Courtland. Captured 1 lieutenant and 5 men. Enenmy lost 4 killed and 6 wounded, and several horses killed; our loss, 2 men killed and 4 wounded. July 28, a small scouting party of cavalry surprised a detachmn cut of rebel cavalry on the Danville road, about four miles from our lines, capturing 4 prisoners, with their guns and horses, and wounding 2; our loss, 1 man slightly wounded. July 31, a foraging party captured on tile north side of the Tennessee River, near W:Vtins plantation, nineteen miles front Athens, 95 head of cattle and 18 head of sheep, which had been collected by the enemy for their subsistence Page 239 CHAP. LI.] OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN ALABAMA. 239 August 6, a scouting party of fifty mounted men, commanded by Lieutenant Lebow, of the Third Tennessee Cavalry, was attacked by a party of rebels, under Captain Patterson, nine miles from this post, on the Somerville road. The enemy were ronted, Captain Patterson wounded, 1 lieutenant mortally wonuded, 1 man killed ,and 1 taken prisoner; no loss on our side. August 8, 500 cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel Prosser, command- ing First Brigade, Fourth Division Cavalry, Army of the Cumberland, moved out on Moulton road to Pond Springs, to surprise rebel camp at that place. Caine upon the retreating column of the enemy at day- light on the morning of the 9th; attacked them, capturing 12 l)risoners, including 1 captain, 3 lieutenants, and 1 enrolling officer; also 250 head of fine beef cattle, 225 sheep, 75 horses and mules, and 150 contrabands; no loss on our side. The whole number of prisoners of war received and forwarded by the provost-marshal during this time is 68, of which 9 were coinnmissioned officers and 59 enlisted men. Scouting parties have been kept constantly in the field, scouring the country for a distance of twelve to fifteen miles, and occasionally cap- turing a few prisoners, who were straggling through the country. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CII. C. DOOLITTLE, Colonel, Commanding. Lieut. SAMUEL M. KNEELAND, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Uen., District of Northern Alabama. [Indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF NORTHERN ALABAMA, Decatur, August 20, 1864. iRespeetfully forwarded for the information of the major-general com- mandin g. In addition to the within report I have the honor to state that Lienten- ant-Colonel Prosser, Second Tennessee Cavalry, in command of a force consisting of detachments from the First Brigade, Fourth Division Cav- alry, Army of the Cumberland, hasjust returned from ~ scout to Moulton. He was attacked last night by a force between 500 and 600 strong, under Colonel Patterson. He repulsed the enemy, killing 15; number of wounded unknown. He captured 1 captain and 10 men, represent- ing six different regiments amid battalions. Our loss 1 mnan missing and 1 slightly wounded. Colonel Prosser brings informatiomi that iRoddey, who has l)een absent for somue time in the southern part of the State, returned to Moulton the 19th instant. A new regiment, between 300 alm(1 400 strong, is picketing the south side of the river from Whites- burg to somne distance above Guntersville. 11. 5. GRANGER, Brigadier- Uenerai, Commanding. No. 2. Report of Lient. Jol. William F. Prosser, & cond Tennessee Cavalry, commanding brigade, of operations August 1720. IIDQRS. FIRST BRIGADE, FOURTH CAVALRY DIVISION, Decatur, Ala., August 21, 1864. SIR: I have the honor very resi)cctfully to submit the following report of an expedition to Moulton under my command, consisting o Page 240 240 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. Li detachments from the Second, Third, and Fourth Tennessee Cavalry, numbering 550 men, which returned to camp at 12 in. yesterday: I moved out f~oin Decatur at 8 p. m. on the 17th instant and arrived at McDonnels Mill, on the Somerville and Moulton road, about mid- night, expecting to find the comm and of Colonel Patterson and some other detachments of the enemy near Gakyille, then distant about four miles but on my arrival at this mill I learned that the enemy had moved the preceding day to Pond Springs, near Courtland. I sent Major Pickens, however, with a detachment of the Third Tennessee Cavalry, to go by the way of Oakville, instructing him to reconnoiter the country and report to me the next day at Moulton at 12 in., which he (lid promptly. Moving immediately with the remainder of my corn- mnand toward Moulton, about nine miles distant, I ai~rived there just before daylight, surrounded the town, and disposed of my force so that the town was entered at all sides at once; but u othing was fouiid there, except a lieutenant and enrolling officer, who was killed in at- tempting to escape. Major Stephens, of the Fourth Tennessee, was sent out on the Ilusseliville road with 100 men, amid engaged the enemy as 80011 as our picket-line was passed, driving him about four miles amid a half, when he returned, having killed and wounded on his way out some 4 or 5 men and captured 1 prisoner. Having received informna- tion that General lioddey, with his command, was returning from Selma, Ala., that part of it had already arrived in the vicinity, and that Col- onels Patterson, Biffle, and Nixon were concentrating their forces near Courtland, for the purpose of cutting nine off fi-om Decatur or capturing my command, I determined to retire from Moulton, and did so as soon as my scouting parties were returned. On the afternoon of the 18th instant a portion of Colonel Patter- sons command followed my rear from Moulton until I went into camp near Antioch Church, and afterward annoyed my pickets consider- ably. During time early part of the night the whole of the command arrived, making constant demonstrations on my picket-line umitil al)ont 1 a. mu. The enemy having collected his forces at a single point, made a sudden and furious attack on my camp, accompanied by heavy volleys of musketry, and the yells incident to such attacks. Having anticipated their intention, however, I was prepared to receive them, and their at- tack was speedily repulsed with considerable loss, 15 dead and mortally wounded having been afterward found on the field, and not less than 40 were supposed to have been carried off and 11 prisoners captured, in- cluding,1 captain, 1 lientemiant, 9 non-commissioned officers amid privates, belongimug to six different battalions and regiments. Having expected an attack durimig the night or very early in the morning I had so located my camp that all the firiming of the enemy passed over my men and horses, doing but little damage, having during the engagement but 1 man wounded amid a few horses killed. The attacking force of the enemy consisted, as nearly as could be ascertained, of 500 immen, under the corn- maiid of Colonel Patterson. He retired immediately after 1ii~ repulse, and reconnaissances at daylight led me to believe that lie had returned to Pond Springs or Hilisborough. In the morning I moved to the forks of the Moulton, Decatur, and Hullsboroughi roads, seven miles from Decatur, inteminding to go from thence to Ililisborough, but as I was unable to find any forage in the neighborhood, and as my men and horses were very much exhausted, 1 determined to return to camp at this place Page 241 CHAP. LI.] AFFAIR AT CRITTENDEN, KY. 241 Although during the entire route I was frequently fired upon, by day and night, by the enemy from places of concealment, the nature of the country being exceedingly favorable for such operatious, my loss was but 1 man seriously wounded and 1 man missing. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. F. PROSS ER, Licut. (Jol., Gontdg. First Brigade, Fourth Gavairy Division. Lient. CHARLES T. HEWITT, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Post Decatur, Ala. JUNE 27, 1864.Skirmish in Big Cove Valley, Ala. Report of Capt. Robert ~. Richart, Twelfth Indiana Cavalry. HUNTSVILLE, ALA., June 30, iSGI. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the 26th instant I received such information as induced me to believe that Johnsons band of guer- rillas was in the Big Cove Valley, six miles northeast of this post. At 5 p. in. I left this post with forty-one men, and, after crossing the moun- tain by what is known as Franklins Path, I moved cautiously up the cove till 10 oclock, when I went into camp. At daybreak we were again on the move, and, after marching about three-quarters of a mile, halted at the creek to water the horses. As ii started out with the van- guard we suddenly came npon the enemy under the command of the parson himself, to the number of fifteen, feeding their horses. I linme- dia~ely attacked them, and, although they occupied a very strong posi- tion on ground that was very unfavorable for cavalry to operate upon, yet at the expiration of fifteen minutes sharp fighting we drove them in confusion, capturing 5 horses and equipments and wounding 3 or 4 of the band. We chased them into the hills near Blevingston Gap, a distance of two miles froni the scene of the fight. After eating the breakfast prepared for the band and feeding the horses, I moved down the valley with the captured property, safely arriving at can~p~at 3.30 p. in. of the 27th lnstant. My loss in the skirmish was, I am sorry to say, 1 man, Private John T ~viford, who was mortally wounded at the third volley fired by the enemy; also 1 horse killed and 10 wounded, several seriously. The men behaved well, with one or two exceptions; much better, indeed, than could be expected of raw troops the first time under fire. Respectfully submitted. ROBT. S. RICHART, Captain, Commanding Detachment. Col. E. ANDERSON, Comdg. Twelfth Indiana Cavalry, Huntsville, Ala. JUNE 27, 1864.Affair at Crittenden, Ky. Report of Col. Fphraim Ball, One hundred and sixty-second Ohio In fantry. COYINGTON, June 27, 1864. GENERAL: The town of Crittenden has been attacked by twenty rebels, who are said to be gathering a force to capture a wagon train, 16 R RYOL XXXIX, PT Page 242 KY., SW. YA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. 242 which is now on the pike, a short distance this side of that place. I am called upon for 150 mounted men. Have none. Got infantry. What shall I do in the case ~ Respectfully, E. BALL, Colonel 1624 Ohio National Guard, Comdg. Post. General BURBEIDGE. JULY 2, 1864.Skirmish on the Byhalia (Miss.) Road, south of Collierville, Tenn. Report of Col. David B. ifenderson, Forty-sixth Iowa infantry, com manding Post of (Jollierville. COLLIERVILLE, July 2, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to repoit that at 3 this a. m.J sent out a detachnient of twenty mcii from the Seventh Indiana Cavalry south- ward on the Byhalia road, at a point at abont ten miles south of my camp. They were attacked by a force of rebel cavalry, variously esti- mated at from 100 to 300 men, who drove in our cavalry to within one mile and a half of my camp. As soon as I was informed of the enemys approach I moved out with 250 of my regiment to a bridge one mile and a half from camp, where I halted and sent out a small detachment of the Seventh Indiana Cavalry, under command of Capt. John M. Moore, with the design to draw them into an ambush. Upon the advance of the cavalry the enemy retreated in haste in the direction of Byhalia.. It is my opinion that with 200 good cavalry the enemy could be bagged. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. B. HENDERSON Major-General WASHBURN. Colonel, Gommanrding. JULY 210, 1864.Expedition from Vicksburg to Pearl River, with skir mishes en route, and engagement (7th) near Jackson, Miss. ~REPORTS. No. 1.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, U. S. Army, commanding District of Vicksburg. No. 2.Lieut. Col. John J. Jones, Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry. No. 3.Lient. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Department of Ala- bama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. No. 1. Report of Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, U. S. Army, commanding District of Yicksburg. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF YICKSBURG, Yicksburg, Miss., July 10, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor of reporting that on the 2d of July I left here with 2,200 infantry, 600 cavalry, an(l six l)ieces of artillery, for the purpose of destroying the bridge over Pearl River, We h~ Page 243 CHAP. LI.I 243 EXPEDITION TO PEARL RIVER~ MISS. slight skirmishing on our advanee, but reached Jackson with the loss of but 2 officers and 8 men. I destroyed the bridge, which I think was designed merely for temporary use, probably for the purpose of trans- ferring the rolling-stock from the Mississippi Central Railroad to their eastern roads. While I was in Jackson the enemy took position on the road leading to Clinton, about three miles from Jackson. I attacked them at 4 a. m. on the 7th instant, and after an engagement of two hours duration forced him back, and moved on toward Clinton. I could not follow them htving only sufficient supplies to last my coin- mand till it could reach Big Black River. My losses are about 230 in killed and wounded and 20 missing. No property of any kind was Lost or abandoned. The forces of the enemy consisted of the brigade under Gholsou, a force from Louisiana under Colonel Scott, and a few men under General Wirt Adams. I was informed that a regiment under Colonel (or General) Richardson was also present and took part in the engagement. The officers and men of my command, without exception, behaved in a manner entitling them to the highest praise. I shall leave here to-morrow, with a force very nearly the same, and attempt to reach Canton, hoping thereby to prevent their detachments from being sent to Forrest. I will send a report more in detail at a very early day. I am, colonel, yery respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. SLOCUM, Major- General, Commanding. Lient. Col. W. T. CLARK, Assistant Adjutant- General, Department of the Tennessee. (Same to Maj. R. M. Sawyer, assistant adjutant-general, Military Division of the Mississippi.) A DDENDA. Report of the casnatties of the First Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, on the recent Jackson expedition. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Captured. Sunstroke. Command. Total. a 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Brigade, First Division: 8th fllinois Infantry 3 21 2 26 11th Illinois Infantry 5 13 3 1 22 124th Illinois Infantry 4 4 SecondBrigade,FonrthDivision: Staff 1 1 46th Illinois Infantry 5 1 35 3 1 45 76th Illinois Infantry 14 64 21 99 Cavalry: 5th Illinois Cavalry 1 1 - -- - .. 6 11th Illinois Cavalry 2 ~- - -- 2 2d Wisconsin Cavalry 1 6 7 3d U. S. Colored Cavalry 1 1 6 8 Total 3 30 3 153 291 1 1 220 ELIAS S. DENNIS, Brigadier- General, Commanding. JULY 9, 1864 Page 244 244 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA.; AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. No. 2. Report of Licut. Cot. John J. Jones, Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry. IIDQRS. FORTY-SIXTH ILLINOIS VET. VOL. INFANTRY, Vicks burg, Miss., July 11, 1864. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to submit the following report of my command in the recent engagements near Jackson, Miss.: At 3 oclock on the morning of July 1, [2} 1864, under orders from Brig. Gen. E. S. Dennis, the Forty-sixth Regiment Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry took up line of march toward Jackson, Miss. On the afternoon of the 5th the enemy contested our advance and finally made a stand some three miles and a half this side of Jackson, using three pieces of artillery. The Forty-sixth Regiment Illinois Vol- unteers was here ordered to the front, and moved rapidly forward, in ad- vance of every other regiment, across an open field, and to the left of Boltons battery, in line of battle. I~Iere we were subjected to a severe shelling, but the regiment moved forward with a firm tread, showing no inclination to swerve or falter. When the timber was reached, beyond which the enemy was posted, a halt of some minutes was made, when we again moved forward by order of Colonel Dorublaser, commanding bri- gade, crossed a belt of timber, thick with uuderbrush, aiid traversed with a creek, with steep banks and very difficult of passage, yet when the open field was reached beyond the line was quickly closed np, and again the regiment presented an unbroken front. Here another halt was made, when Boltons battery was ordered by Colonel Dornblaser to cut a road through the timber we had just passed. In a few minutes the battery was successfully brought to our front and took position on an eminence and opened a vigorous fire of shell upomi the enemy, who had taken position on an eminence beyond near the Canton road. After some twenty minutes it was ascertained that the enemy were giving back. The regiment was now agaiu ordered forward, followed by Boltons battery. The line was well preserved over the most diffi- cult ground for about half a mile, when the point was reached just occupied by the enemy. This regiment was three-fourths of a mile in ad- vance of any other, and the only one opposed to the enemys front. A halt was called and a few minutes developed the fact that the enemy had retreated on the Canton road. When the balance of the command came up we marched into Jackson and went into camp. The regiment, with the balance of the command, marched from Jack- son at 4 p. m. on the 6th instant, the Forty-sixth Illinois the advance infantry regiment, arriving near the Canton road at about 5 p. m. The word was brought back that the enemy had made a vigorous attack on our advance cavalry and were pushing us steadily back. The Forty-sixth Regiment was now ordered forward at a quick step. Already the booming of rebel cannon chimed in with the rattle and roar of small- arms. Throwing forward Companies A and B as skirmishers, the regi- ment rapidly advanced, under a heavy fire of shell, shot, and musketry, to the enemys left and front. After advancing near half a mile a halt was made. Here we lay till night-fall, our skirmnishers vigorously en- gaged. Capt. Joseph Chingman, of Company A, was here severely wounded wlmile nobly discharging his duty, commanding his company on the skirmish line, and was succeeded by Capt. Thonmas Wakefield, who up to this time had acted as major. As darkness drew on (leaving a heavy picket-line) we were drawn back a short distance and lay on our arms. At 4 oclock the morning of the 7th the rcgimneiit was ordered forward. We advanced but a short distance before time regiment was warml Page 245 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO PEARL RIVER, MISS. 245 engaged. Boltons battery on our rear and left fired vigorously, passing their shells over us, while the enemy answered shot for shot. For about three houi~s the regiment remained under this galling fire, showing no disposition on the part of officers or men to swerve a hair, while numbers of the men on the skirmish line and in the line of battle where killed and wounded. At about this time we were ordered by Colonel Dorublaser to fall back toward the main column, as we (greatly outnumbered by the enemy) were only fighting to preserve the train. The train now having passed the most critical point, we must cover the rear. The regiment fell back, under a withering fire, steadily and without panic (while our ranks were torn with shells) till the belt of timber was passed, spoken of in the advance of the 5th. Upon the opposite, or Clinton side, of this the regiment was again formed and marched steadily back, moving by time right flank till the open field was passed and the timber beyond gained. Here we were again sub jected to severe shelling, some shots telling fearfully in our ranks. The enemy now pushed us closely, seemingly determined upon the pos- session of our train. The regiment was again formed in line of battle, marching in retreat. After so moving for about one mile the enemy made a charge on the rear. The Eleventh Illinois Infantry and one section of Boltons battery were at this time in the rear, this regiment some 300 yards in advance. The charge was a desperate one, and made with a boldness and determination worthy of men engaged in the pros- ecntion of a better cause. The regiment inunediately about-faced and marched to the support of the Eleventh Illinois, arriving in time to assist in immfiicting upon the emmenmy the severest punishment of the day. By the lmelp of Boltons battery amid the Eleventh Illinois we were en- abled to hurl froum their saddles scores of rebels, and scatter in dismnay the whole force who had attacked us with such intrepidity and assurance. Satisfied with this signal defeat, no other attack of consequence was made upon us. The regiment now, having relieved the Eleventh Illi- mmois as rear guard, nmoved steadily back in line of battle, Company F deployed as skirmishers, till Clinton was reached, when a rest was callcd of something like an hour, when it again moved forward as rear guard, Company E bringing up the rear as skirmnishers. Never did~mnen undergo greater fatigue or remaimi firmer under the most withering fire than the men of my comnmnand, and I wish here to state that though time regiment contains a great many recruits, I was unable to perceive the slightest difference in point of bravery and en- durance between the veterans and recruits. I know of no instauce anmong officers or men of anything like the shirking of duty. Wimere all did so well it would perhaps be unjust in mne to name any person in particular as especially deserving of praise, yet I cannot close this report without special mention of Asst. Surgs. Benjaumimi II. Brad- shaw and J. N. De Witt, who, ever up with the line of battle, dis- charged their every duty. I would also state that every line officer fcarlessly discharged his full duty. herewith is a report of the killed, wounded, and missing of my coum- mnand.* Respectfully submitted. JOHN J. JONES, Lient. Col., Commanding Forty-sixth Illinois Volunteers. Lieut. H. H. WOOBBURY, Aety. Asst. Adjt. Uen., 24 Brig., 4th Div., 17th Army Corps. * Emboclie4 ill division table, P. 243 Page 246 24(3 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. rOHAP. LI. No. 3. Report of Lieut. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Depart ment of Alabama, ilfississippi, and East Lonisicfna. MERIDIAN, July 7, 18G4. Enemy evacuated Jackson yesterday evening. Brigadier-General Adams fought them yesterday evening and this morning, punishing them severely; they are now in retreat to Yicksburg. Brigadier-Gen- eral Uholson severely, though not dangerously, wounded. Enemy did no damage in Jackson to railroad or telegraph. Enemy advancing in force from La Grange and Saulsbury toward Ripley; am l)repared to meet him; but small force at works in Alabama. Have sent several dispatches to General Smith asking co-operation. No reply. S. I). LEE, Lieutenant- General. General BRAXTON BRAGG. JULY 424, 1864.Expedition from Memphis, Tenn., to Grand Gulf, Miss., including skirmishes near Bolivar (6th), at Utica (13th), Port Gibson (14th), and Grand Gulf (16th). Report of Vol. Joseph Karq6, Second New Jersey Cavalry, commanding Detachment First Brigade, Cavalry Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. HDQRS. DETACH. 1ST BRIG., CAy. Div., 16TH ARMY CORPS, Steamer Diana, July 24, 1864. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of tlme detachment, under may commamid, of the First Brigade Cavalry Division, Sixteenth Armny Corps: July 4, 1864, left camp at Whites Station and marclme(l to Memphis, amid there embarked on the steamners J. D. Perry, J. C. Snow, Silver Wave, Madison, Sunny South, Rose Hambleton, Tycoon, and Shenango. July 5, got under way at 11 a. ma. and proceeded down the river to helena reaching there at dark. Engaged all night in taking on wood. July 6, left Helena at daybreak; reached the mouth of White River at 4 p. in.; took in wood; resumed the trip at 7 p. in. At 11 p. in. sev- eral boats of the fleet were fired into by the enemy fromn the Mississippi shore near Bolivar. The fire was promptly returned and the enemy (1151)Crsed. Omu mnan (Nineteenth Pennsylvania) slightly won n (led. July 7, made no stoppages; reached Yicksburg at 5.3() p. inn. Inpue- diately disembarked, and marched out the Jackson road to Clear Creek, eight miles. July 8, broke camp at Clear Creek at 6 a. m. and maarched to Big Black. While resting there Major-Gemieral Slocumn returned from his Jackson expedition. Upon being made acquainted with the object of our expedition he considered it impracticable and ordered us to return to Yicksburg. Marched to the Four-Mile Bridge, on the Yicksburg, Jackson, aiid Brandon Railroad, and encalnpe(l. Distance marched, twenty-four miles. July 9, encamnpe(l a)t Four-Mile Bridge; received orders fromu General Slocum that p. m. to report with my command at Big Black on the following day. July 10, broke camnp at 4 a. mu. and marched to Big Black and reported to Brigadier-General Ellet, comu- mandmng cavalry forces. Distance marched, fourteen miles. July 11, broke camnp at 4 a. in. and marched via E IDistance, twenty-four miles. July dwards Station, to Auburn.. 12, broke camp at 4 a. m. and marched to Utica. Light skirmishing all day. Distance, twelve miles. July 13, broke camp at 12 mu. and marched three miles southwest o Page 247 CRAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 247 Rocky Springs. Skirmishing all day. Distance, twenty miles. July 14, broke camp at 5 a. m. and marched to Port Gibson; encamped one mile south of th~ town. Distance marched, sixteen miles. Jnly 15, broke camp at noon and marched to Grand Gulf. Eleven miles. Jnly 16, encamped at Grand Gnlf. July 17, embarked at noon on board the steamers of the Mississippi Marine Brigade; disembarked twenty miles south of Yicksburg at 5 p. m. and marched to within three miles of the town. Distance, seventeen miles. July 18, broke camp at 6 a. m. and marched to Four-Mile Bridge. July 19, encamped at Four-Mile Bridge. July 20, marched into Vicksburg and embarked on steamers of the marimme fleet at 4 p. in. July 21, 22, 23, on board transports. July 24 irrived at Memphis at 6 a. m. Incidental: Near Utica, July 13, Major Shorey, of the First Missis- sippi Cavalry, was attacked by a superior force of the enemy, and his party driven back to camp. The major was left dead on the field.* Near Port Gibson, July 14, a foraging party of the Second New Jersey Cav- alry was surprised and 26 men captured. Same day, this command, being iii the rear, was attacked after the infantry and the rest of the cavalry had taken up the march. After a sharp fight of an hours duration the enemy were driven off. They hung on our rear, however, during the march, but were repulsed in each attack. July 16, at Grand Gulf the enemy attacked at daybreak, but were badly whipped and driven demoralized from the field, leaving their dead in our hands. Our losses are as follows: Killed, 1 commissioned officer and 3 en- listed men; wounded, 4 enlisted men; missing, 1 commissioned officer and 2(; enlisted men. Respectfully submitted. JOSEPH KARGI~, Col. 2d New Jersey Gay., Corndg. Detach. 1st Brig., & c. Maj. W. H. MORGAN, Assistant Adjutant- General, District of I Vest Tennessee. JULY 521, 1864.Expedition from La Grange, Tenn., to Tupelo, Miss. SUMMARV OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. July 5. 1864.Smiths command moves from La Grange, Tenn. 7, 1864.Skirmish near Ripley, Miss. 8, 1864.Skirmish near Kellys Mill, Miss. 10, 1864.Skirmishes at Cherry Creek and Plentytude, Miss. 1112, 1864.Skirmishes at and near Pontotoc, Miss. 13, 1864.Action near Camargo Cross-Roads, Miss. 1415, 1864.Engagement at Harrisburg, near Tupelo, Miss. 15, 1864.Action at 01(1 Town Creek, Miss. 16, 1864.Skirmish at Ellistown, Miss. REPORTS, ETOt No. 1.Maj. Gen. Cadwallader C. Washburn, U. S. Army, commanding District of West Tennessee. No. 2.Maj. Gem Andrew J. Smith, U. S. Army, commanding Right Wing, Sixteenth Army Corps. A mistake. He was mustered out of service June 26, 1865. For Grants and Shermans references to these operations, see Vol. XXXVIII, Part I, pp. 24, 83 Page 248 248 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAt-. LI. No. 3.Return of casualties in the Union forces. No. 4.Brig. Gen. Joseph A. Mower, U. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 5.Col. William L. McMillen, Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 6.Capt. Benjamin C. Berry, One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry. No. 7.Capt. Charles A. Hubbard, Ninety-third Indiana Infantry. No. 5.Lient. Col. Samuel P. Jennison, Tenth Minnesota Infantry. No. 9.Col. John D. McClure, Forty-seventh Illinois Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 10.Lient. Col. Josiah F. Marsh, Ninth Minnesota Infantry. No. 11.CoL Joseph J. Woods, Twelfth Iowa Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 12.Lient. Col. John H. Stibbs, Twelfth Iowa Infantry. No. 13.Col. Sylvester G. Hill, Thirty-fifth Iowa Infantry. No. 14.Col. William R. Marshall, Seventh Minnesota Infantry. No. 15.Lient. Col. William H. Heath, Thirty-third Missouri Infantry. No. 16. Col. Lyman M. Ward, Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry, commanding Fourth Brigade. No. 17.Lient. Orrin W. Cram, commanding detachment Battery E, First Illinois Light Artillery. No. 15.Col. David Moore, Twenty-first Missouri Infantry, commanding Third Division. No. 19.Col. Charles D. Murray, Eighty-ninth Indiana Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 20.Col. Thomas J. Kinney, One hundred and nineteenth Illinois Infantry. No. 21.Lient. Col. Edwin Moore, Twenty-first Missouri Infantry. No. 22.Col. James I. Gilbert, Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 23. Surg. John E. Sanborn, Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, Senior Surgeon Second Brigade. No. 24.Capt. William J. Campbell, Fourteenth Iowa Infantry. No. 25.Capt. Amos M. Haslip, Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry. No. 26.Maj. Jonathan Hutchison, Thirty-second Iowa Infantry. No. 27.--Maj. Robert W. Fyan, Twenty-fourth Missouri Infantry. No. 25.Licut. Richard Burns, Third Indiana Battery. No. 29.Col. Edward H. Wolfe, Fifty-second Indiana Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, including attack on train near La Fayette, Tenn., .Jnne 23. No. 30.Col. Risdon M. Moore, One hundred and seventeenth Illinois Infantry. No. 31.Lieut. Col. Zalmon S. Main, Fifty-second Indiana Infantry. No. 32.Capt. George F. Young, One hundred and seventy-eighth New York In- fantry. No. 33.Lient. John W. Lowell, Battery G, Second Illinois Light Artillery. No. 34.Col. Edward Bouton, Fifty-ninth U. S. Colored Infantry, commanding First Brigade, U. S. Colored Troops. No. 35.Brig. Gen. Benjamin H. Grierson, U. S. Army, commanding Cavalry Divis- ion. No. 36.Col. Edward F. Winslow, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, commanding Second Bri- gade. No. 37.Col. John W. Noble, Third Iowa Cavalry. No. 35.Licut. Col. John H. Peters, Fourth Iowa Cavalry. No. 39.Maj. Martin H. Williams, Tenth Missouri Cavalry. No. 40.Col. Datus E. Coon, Second Iowa Cavalry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 41.Lient. Col. Henry B. Burgh, Ninth Illinois Cavalry. No. 42.Maj. Charles C. Horton, Second Iowa Cavalry. No. 43.Col. Thomas P. Herrick, Seventh Kansas Cavalry (unattached). No. 44.Lient. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Department of Ala- bama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana Page 249 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 249 No. 45.Maj. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest, C. S. Ar my. No. 46.Brig. Gd. James R. Chalmers, C. S. Army, commanding First Division, For- rests Cavalry. No. 47.Brig. Gen. Abraham Buford, C. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 48.Col. Edward Crossland, Seventh Kentucky Mounted Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 49.Col. Gustavus A. C. bit, Third Kentucky Monnted Infantry. No. 50.Capt. S. Paine Ridgway, Third Kentucky Mounted Infantry. No. 51.Capt. Joel T. Cochran, Seventh Kentucky Mounted Infantry. No. 52.Lient. Col. A. R. Shacklett, Eighth Kentucky Mounted Infantry. No. 53.Maj. Thomas S. Tate, jr., Twelfth Kentucky Cavalry. No. 54.Capt. H. A. Tyler, Twelfth Kentucky Cavalry. No. 55.Col. Tyree H. Bell, C. S. Army, commanding Fourth Brigade. No. 56.Col. Hinchie P. Mabry, Third Texas Cavalry, commanding brigade. No. 57.Lieut. Col. Thomas T. Baruett, Third Kentucky Mounted Infantry, com- manding dismounted men. No. 1. Report of Maj. Gen. Cadwallader C. Washburn, U. S. Army, command ing District of West Tennessee. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, Memphis, Tenn., August 7, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to inclose the official report of Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith, in regard to his late expedition into Mississippi in pursuit of the command of Major-General Forrest. I also inclose the reports of the subordinate commanders, Generals Mower and Grierson and Colonels l3outon and Moore. The result of this expedition has been most satis- factory, and has thoroughly retrieved the disaster to Brigadier-General Stnrgis. Information gathered from various sonrces, since the battles near Tupelo, confirms the report of Major-General Smith in regard to the losses of the enemy. His power has been very greatly impaired by these battles. In addition to the great number of killed and womAed, the country has been filled with deserters and stragglers from the enemy endeavoring to get home. The fact that rations gave out so soon, thus compelling the troops to fall back, was unfortunate, as otherwise the enemy would no doubt have suffered much more. I ordered that a sup- ply of rations for a campaign of twenty days should be taken. They gave out in ten days. General Smith explains why his supply of bread g-ave out so suddenly. My orders to Major-General Smith were to bring Forrest to bay and whip him if possible, and at all events to hold him where he was and prevent him from moving upon the communications of Major-General Sherman. The object was handsomely accomplished. All accounts represent the conduct of officers and men as being splen- did, and to Major-General Smith, commanding the expedition, and his di- vision commanders, Generals Mower and Grierson and Colonels Bouton and Moore, and, indeed, to all officers and men who took part in the expe- dition, are the thanks of the country due. I refer to the sub-reports for the part taken by the different commands. 1 have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. C. WASHBURN, Major- General. Lient. Col. W. T. CLARK, Asst. Adjt. (len., I)epartment and Army of the Tennessee Page 250 250 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. CHAP. LI. I~o. 2. Report of Maj. Gen. Andrew J. Smith, U. S. Army, commanding Right Wing, Sixteenth Army Corps. HEADQUARTERS RIGHT WING, SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Memphis, Tenn., August 5, 18G4. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the late expedition iuto Mississippi under my command: I left La Grange, Tenn., on the 5th clay of July, 1864 with the fol- lowing troops: First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, Brig. Gen. J. A. Mower commanding; Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, Col. D. Moore, Twenty-first Missouri, commanding; Cavalry Division, Six- teentli Army Corps, Brig. Gen. B. H. Grierson commanding; First Brigade, U. S. Colored Troops, Col. E. Bouton commanding; the aggregate of which was about 14,000 men. They moved npon two parallel roads, viz, the infantry, artillery, and train taking the Davis Mills road to Ripley, amid the cavalry moving by the way of Grand Junc- tion and Saulsbury, and from thence south toward Ripley. I accom- panied the infantry column, giving directions to the cavalry to regu- late its distance by that, and to report to me every night, and also all information which they might obtain in relation to the position, move- mnents, and force of the enemy. We camped at Davis Mills on the ni glint of the 5th; continued the march on the 6th, without anything of note occnrring. On the 7th the roads upon which the two columns were moving intersected about six miles north of Ripley, Miss., and the cav- alry took the advance of the column, skirmishing lightly with a bri- gade of the enemy, driving them easily and without loss on our side and encamped for the night at a creek about three miles north of Ripley. Moving forward on the 8th we passed Ripley, and continued south toward New Albany and Pontotoc; on the 9th crossed the Talla- hatchie at New Albany; on the 10th camped abont five miles north of Pontotoc. During this march the cavalry, with the exception of one regiment, the Seventh Kansas Cavalry, had, wherever it was practi- cable, moved by parallel roads upon the left flank, and occasionally were skirmishing lightly with the enemnys scouts. On the morning of the 11th, moving toward Pontotoc, we found Mc- Cuhlochs brigade of rebel cavalry occupied the town, supported by a brigade on the hill immediately south. Throwing forward a brigade of infamintry as support for the Seventh Kansas, we drove back their skir- mish line, and General Grierson, attacking at the same time upon their right flank, drove them through time town and from their position on the hill, leaving their dead and wounded in our hands. On the 12th the command remained at Pontotoc, sending forward a reconnoitering party of one regiment of cavalry (the Ninth Illinois), supported by the Fifty-second Indiana Infantry, on the Okolona road. The lines of the enemy were developed and their pickets driven in on the main body. The enemy were discovered to be in force about nine miles from Pontotoc, on the Okolona road, on the opposite side of a low swampy bottom through which run two creeks. This bottom was about a mile and a half in width, densely timbered, and which the eminemy had rendered almost impassable by felling trees across the road. As they had a very strong position on a hill on the other side of the bottom, I did not deem it prudent to attack the position fro Page 251 CHAP. LIJ EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 251 the front if it could be flanked. I, therefore, caused demonstrations to be made on the Okalona road during the day, and held the skirmish line during the night. On the morning of the 13th I moved all the cavalry except the Sev- enth Kansas toward Tupelo, making nearly a right angle at Pontotoc, and followed the cavalry with the infantry and train, leaving the cot ored brigade and the Seventh Kansas to bring up the rear, and dispos- ing one brigade of the First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, so as to cover the flanks of the train. These dispositions being mnade I with- drew my skirmish line on the Okolona road and commenced to march toward Tupelo, a distance of about eighteen miles. Colonel Winslows brigade of cavalry was in the advance of the column, and kept up a running skirmish for nearly ten miles, with two regiments of the enemy in their front, kilhimig 7 amid wounding many. Almost immediately upon leaving Pontotoc skirmishing comumenced in the rear, but as my object was to secure Tupelo, thus gaining possession of the railroad and giving me the opportunity to choose mny own ground for the battle, I directed the column to keep well closed up amid move steadily forward without halting, unless absolutely necessary. Three different charges were made by the enemny upon the rear of the column, which were handsomnely repulsed by the Seventh Kansas Cavalry and tIme brigade of colored troops under Colonel Bouton. When within about six miles of Tupelo the enemny mnade a charge, with four brigades of cavalry, upon the train. A sharp flghmt occurred, lasting about half an hour, and tIme enemy were repulsed with heavy loss on their side, being ambushed by the brigade of colored troops in the rear, and received with a withering fire from tIme brigade of the First Division on the flank of the train from both artillery and musketry. The prisoners taken estimate their loss at this point at 500 killed, wounded, amid umissing. Our loss was 27 munles killed, 7 wagons broken by the carelessness of time teamsters and burned by order, after removing all stores from themn and taking off the wheels and parts that could be of any service. Time Four- teenthi Wisconsin Volunteers, of Colonel Wards brigade, Sevemitecuth Armny Corps, captured 1 stand of colors from the enemy during this engagemnent. Imumediately after this attack I learned from Gen- eral Grierson that lie had possession of Tupelo. I immediately passed time train to the front through the First Division, and parked it about two muiles west of Tupelo, at the samue tinme forming line of battle with the Third Division on the left of the road, making Pontotoc the objec- tive point. Time First Division on arriving was placed- on the right of the road, with a front of two brigades and having two brigades in re- serve. Time colored brigade was placed in the rear of the Third Divis- ion, facimmg the left flank, which disposition, with the cavalry in the rear, comupletely protected the train. The troops emicamped in this position in himie of battle during time night. On the morning of the 14th the battle opened by the enemy attempt- ing to secure a commanding position on our left. Advancing the Third Brigade of the Third Division into line with the remainder of the division and throwing out time brigade of colored troops on the left of the Third bnt facimig micarly to its left flank, we easily drove the enemy from the hill and retained possession of it during the entire battle. At about 7.30 time enemy advammeed in line upon the right of the Third Division, near the Pontotoc road. They drove in our skirmishers and were allowed to come to within about 100 yards of time maui line (which was the First Brigade of time Third Division at this point), when they rose and delivered on Page 252 252 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. volley at short range, arid then charged with the bayonet, driving the enemy with heavy loss from the field, killing more even as they were running than they did in the first volley. Here General Faulkner, of Kentucky, was killed. Passing toward our right they rallied at the edge of the timber, arid were re-enforced and supported by their whole avail- able force and once more returned to the attack, which this time was made on the First Division Brigadier-General Mower commanding. The enemy started from the eAge of the timber in three lines, at the same time opening with about seven pieces of artillery. At first their lines could be distinguished separately, but as they advanced they lost all semblance of lines and the attack resembled a mob of huge magnitude. There was no skirmish line or main line or reserve, but seemed to be a foot race to see who should reach us first. They were allowed to ap- proach, yelling and howling like Comanches, to within canister range, when the batteries of the First Division opened upon them. Their charge was evidently made with the intention to capture our batteries, and was gallantly made, but without order, organization, or skill. They worild come forward and fall back, rally and forward again, with the like result. Their determination may be seen from the fact that their dead were found within thirty yards of our batteries. After about two hours fighting in this manner, General Mower, losing all hope of their attempting any closer quarters, advanced his lines about a quarter of a mile, driving the enemy before him from the field and covering their dead and wounded270 of their dead were counted on the field imme- diately in his front. Their wounded were removed to hospital with our own and properly cared for. Not havimig transportation the small-arms they left upon the field were ordered to be broken. This ended the hard fighting of the day, although there was skirmishing at different points in the line until dark. My troops were so exha,usted with the heat, fatigue, and short rations that it was not possible to press them far- ther. Tire loss of the enemy in this days fighting could not fall short of 1,800 killed, wounded, amid muissing. Sixty prisoners were captured un- wounded, and have been turned over to the provost-marshal, District of Memphis, with complete lists. During the afternoon tire enemy at- tempted to attack our rear fromn the east side of Tupelo, but were promnptly driven back by General Griersons cavalry. At sundown, the enemy making no demonstrations whatever, I directed the main bodies of my command to fall back about fiOO yards toward the wagons, in order to give the men rest and opportunity to cook their rations, leaving a strong skirmish line to hold their positions. At about 11 p. m. tire enemy attemupted a night attack, drove in the skirumishers on The left, but were promptly met and repulsed by the Second and Third Brigades of the Third Division and the brigade U. S. Colored Troops under Colonel Bouton. The skiimish line was then doubled and the men allowed to rest. On the morning of the 15th it was found that, owing to the fact that much of our bread was spoiled when drawir from the commissary depot, we had on hand but oire days rations left. Our artillery ammnuni- tmon was also all issued, and we had remaining only about 100 rounds per gun. It, therefore, became a matter of necessity to return. Leaving tire troops still in line. I directed General Grierson to destroy the rail- road for about five mnil~s each way, and moving the wounded of time enemy into Tupelo into comfortable quarters, and leaving two of my own sur- geons, with ten days supplies, to attend to them, I ordered the return. I am sorry to say that for lack of transportation and the character of thei Page 253 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 253 wounds Iwas obliged to leave about forty of the worst wounded cases- of my own command at Tupelo. I sent out one brigade of cavalry on the Pontotoc road to bring off a gun of the enemys which had been disabled the day before, which they did after some slight skirmishing. It beiiig now nearly noon, and no demonstration from the enemy, I directed Colo- nel Moore, commanding Third Division, to withdraw his line and take the advance with his command and proceed on the Ellistown road, mov- ing very slowly, the train to follow with sick and wounded, protected well on the flanks by a brigade of cavalry and in the rear by the colored brigade. General Mower and the remainder of the cavalry covered the withdrawal. On removing the troops from the eminence on the left of the line, they took possession of it and were attempting to place a bat- tery in position, when Colonel Bouton, with two regiments of his coin- mand, and General Mower, with two brigades, charged and drove them from their position, following nearly a mile. The troops then withdrew without molestation. On reaching Old Town Creek, where we encamped for the night, the First Division was ordered to pass the Third and take position in advance, so that they might be in readiness to take the advance in the morning. They had scarcely passed when a small force of the enemy, numberimig perhaps 1,000 men, took position on the hill just passed and commenced shelling the camp. General Mower turned back two of his regiments, and with a brigade of the Third Division turned and drove them back about a mile with heavy loss on their part. From this date nothing more was seen of them. We encamped at Ellis- town on the 16th, near New Albany the 17th, near the Tippah the 18th, and reached Salem the 19th, where we found supplies waiting our arrival. On the 20th moved to Davis Mills, and on the morning of the 21st to La Grange, having been gone seventeen days. The roads were in very fair condition, but dusty. The weather was exceedimigly warm, and we found but very little water. The line officers and soldiers deserve last- ing praise for the manner in which they endured the hardships and fatigues of the campaign; marching over dusty roads with only one-half or one-third rations, under a broiling sun, with little water, is certainly a severe test of their zeal and patriotism. All honor be to the noble men whose breasts are the bulwarks of our nation. The division commanders gallantly and faithfully discharged the duties assigned them with zeal and ability. I only ask that our country may always find such sons in her hour of need. General Mower was more fortunate than the others in being in the exact position where the hardest fighting occurred, and nobly bore the brunt and deserves the bays. The colored brigade, under Colonel Bonton, fought excellently well, and showed the effect of discipline and drill, and I am free to confess that their action has removed from my mind a prejudice of twenty years standing. It is with pain that I have to announce the death of Col. Alex- ander Wilkin, Ninth Minnesota Volunteers, who was killed early in the emigagement of the 14th. He died as a soldier may, at his post on the field of battle. Although but a short time with the commend yet his many noble traits had endeared him to all. Deaths peace rest oer himn. The enemny~s loss will reach 3,000 men killed, wounded, and prisoners during the expedition. I send herewith a full list of our casnalties.* F~mbo4ie4 in table following Page 254 254 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. To my staff; Capt. J. Hough, assistant a(ljutant-gelleral; Capt. J. J. Lyon, acting aide-dc-camp; Capt. William S. Burns, acting assistant iuspector-generaJ, and Licut. John B. Panncs, ordnance officer, ai~c due credit aud honor for their active diligence and zeal ill conveying orders to the dilfrrent parts of the field. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant A. J. SMITH, ]Jiliajor- General. Maj. W. H. MORGAN, Assistant Adjutant- General, District of West Tennessee. No. 3. Return of casualties in the Union forces. [Compiled from nominal list of casualties, accompanying report of Ma). Gen. A. J. Smith.] Killed. Wounded. Captured os missing. a Command. . a a ~ a ~j 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS (RIGHT WING). FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH A. MOWER. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAH L. McMILLEN. 114th Illinois 93d Indiana 10th Minnesota 72d Ohio 95th Ohio 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Battery E (first section) . - Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. ALEXANnER WILscIN.* Col. Jowe D. MCCLURE. 47th Illinois .5th Minnesota (detachment) 9th Minnesota 11th Missouri 8th Wisconsin Iowa Light Artillery, 2d Battery Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. JOSEPH J. Woons. 12th Iowa .~ 35th Iowa 7th Minnesota 33d Missouri Total Third Brigade 3 ~ Killed. 12 1 1 3 1 2 1 23 6 20 13 7 2 4 1 15 7 71 5 4 3 7 1 1 1 3 1 1 5 7 1 4 5 1 4 2 7 6 6 1 3 1 24 6 35 1 8 1 52 1 63 5 32 37 2 7 1 49 1 60 2 1 32 1 36 22 3~ 165 3 196 38 6 22 20 10 2 9 Page 255 255 EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. Bet am of casuallies ut the Union force& Coutinued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a Command. a 01 a ~ 01 a o a o~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Fourth Brigade.* Col. LYMAN M. WARD. 41st Illinois (detachment) 14th Wisconsin lId Wisconsin Indiana Light Artillery, 6th Battery 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Battery M I Total Fourth Brigade Total First Division THIRD DIVISION. Col. DAVID MOORE. First Brigade. Col. CHARLES D. MURRAY. 58th Illinois 119th Illinois 122d Illinois 89th Indiana 21st Missouri Indiana Light Artillery, 9th Battery Total First Brigade Seeend Brigade. Gel. JAMES I. GILBERT. 14th Iowa 27th Iowa . ltd Iowa 24th Missourl Indiana Light Artillery, 3d Battery Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Gel. EDWARD H. WOLFE. 49th Illinois 117th Illinois 52d Indiana 178th New York 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Battery G Indiana Light Artillery, 14th Battery Total Third Brigade Total Third Division COLORED BRIGADE. Gel. EDWARD BOUToN. 59th U. S. Colored Troops 61st U. S. Colored Troops 68th 17. 5. Colored Troops 2d U. S. Colored Light Artillery, Battery I Total Colored Brig e 4 1 S 1 1 2 1 5 1 5 35 3 44 2 6 41 4 1 54 4 45 16 304 14 381 2 9 11 1 3 4 1 3 1 39 2 46 10 10 3 13 14 1 6 2 74 2 85 1 16 17 1 1 21 23 4 4 .5 S 1 3 4 2 2 49 53 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 2 8 5 128 2 145 1 10 11 1 7 4 28 16 56 1 3 3 7 1 9 7 41 16 74 Total Sixteenth Army Corps (Right Win~) 7 62 28 473 32 602 Troops of Seventeenth Army Corps, attached. Guns were manned by 6th Indiana Battery, commanded by C pt. Michael Mueller, CRAP. LI. Page 256 256 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. Return of casualties in the Unioo forces-.---Continued. Command. CAVALIIY. Brig. Gen. BENJAMIN H. GRIERSON. Second Brigade. Col. EDWARD F. WINSLOW. 3d Iowa 4th Iowa 10th 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Battery K Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. BATUS E. COON. 3d Illinois (detachment) 7th Illinois (detachment) 9th Illinois 2d Iowa Total Third Brigade Unaasigned - 7th Kansas Total cavalry Grand total Killed. S 0 Wounded. 1 Captured or missing. cc cc 5 a 5 a 0 ~ 0 ~ 1 17 1 19 1 15 1 17 1 1 2 32 3 37 1 2 1 j 1 3 2 20 1 27 1 1 1 4 2 23 2 32 I 1 1 3 6 1 7 2 561 5 69 30 529 38 27 674 OFFICERS KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. Maj. Eugene A. Rawson, 72d Ohio. Col. Alexander Wilkin, 9th Minnesota, Lieut. Augustus A. Burdick, 12th Iowa. Lieut. Lewis Hardy, 7th Minnesota. Surg. Lucius B. Sutith, 7th Minnesota. Capt. Josiah Borough, 122d Illinois. Lieut. William H. Herron, 52d Indiana. Lieut. John H. MeMahon, 9th Illinois Cavalry. Lient. Jesse W. Mayo, 61st U. S. Colored Troops. No. 4. Report of Brig. Gem. Joseph A. Mower, U. ~. Army, commanding First Dtvtston. HDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Memphis, Tenn., July 27, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by my dlvlslon On tile late expedition to Tupelo, Miss.: I left La Grange on the morning of the 5th instant with my com- mand which was composed of the following brigades and batteries: First ~Brigade, Colonel MeMillen, Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; Second Brigade, Colonel Wilkin, Ninth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry; Third Brigade, Colonel Woods, Twelfth Iowa Volunteer Infantry; Fourth Brigade, Colonel Ward, Fourte~ii.th Wisconsin Volunteer III- [CHAP. LI Page 257 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 257 fantry (this brigade was a detachment from the Seventeenth Army Corps, temporarily assigned to my command); Second Iowa Battery, Lieutenant Reed commanding; First Illinois, Company E (one section), Lieutenant Cram, and a battery (four liodmans) belonging to Company M, First Missouri, but manned by Captain Muellers company, Sixth In- diana Battery. We arrived at Poutotoc on the 12th instant, and on the morning of the 13th moved toward Tupelo. The colonel commanding brigade of colored troops, which was in rear of my division, about nine miles of Tupelo, sent word to me that he was threatened by a large force of the enemy. I directed Colonel Ward, whose brigade had been march- ing on the right flank of the train, to place one regiment in the rear so that he might be better able to render assistance to the negro brigade. At the same time I ordered Colonel Woods to place two of his largest regiments on the right flank of the train. The column proceeded in this manner some three miles, when an attack was suddenly made on the train for nearly its entire length. The attacking force as I have since learned, consisted of four brigades of cavalry. This attack was soon repulsed, Colonel Wards brigade taking the chief part in the fight and capturing a rebel flag. As soon as the enemy was repulsed I again started the column on, keeping the wagons ahead of the main column, when finding that the enemy were moving rapidly at some distance on my right flank toward my front, I proceeded toward the head of the column for the purpose of making arrangements to protect the wagon train. I had just arrived at the head of the Ninth Minnesota, which had been sent forward to protect the train, when a furious attack was made on the column a short distance to the rear. I immediately halted that regiment and faced it toward the enemy, and directed skirmishers to l)e deployed. At the same time the balance of the brigade was halted by Colonel McMillen and faced toward the enemy, and the order given to charge. The enemy was driven in confusion. I then brought up the Eleventh Missouri to Colonel MeMillens support, but before they arrived in position the rebels had disappeared and the fight was over. Colonel McMillen and his command displayed great gallantry in so quickly repulsing this attack. As soon as our wounded had been picked up I again moved on and arrived at the camp about dark. The next morning the general commanding the expedition indicated to me the position he wished my division to occupy, and I placed the troops of my command as follows: Colonel Woods brigade on the left, its left restiimg on the Pontotoc road and connecting with the right of the Third Division; Colonel Wards brigade on the right of Colonel Woods; Colonel McMillens brigade on the right of Wards, and Colonel Wilkins brigade in reserve. The Second Iowa Battery was placed on the left of Colonel Wards brigade, and commanded the Pontotoc road and the open field on the right of that road. Captain Muellers battery was placed on the right of Colonel Wards brigade and the section of Corn- pany E, First Illinois Battery, on the right of Colonel McMillens brigade. The enemy commenced the attack at about 7.30 oclock in the morning, coming down in line of battle along our front and oppo- site our left, moving in an irregular mass. I directed the fire to be retained until they approached quite near, and then opened on them with shell, canister, and musketry. The fight continued for about two hours and a half when, finding that they would not approach any nearer our lines, I ordered the Third Brigade to charge on them. This was very gallantly done, and the enemy driven from the field with heavy loss. I had two field officers and several men sunstruck during the charge, and the enemy, having fallen back to their led horses, dis- 17 R RYOL XXXIX, PT Page 258 258 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. appeared from our front. I did not attempt to pnrsue them any farther, as my command was well nigh exhansted with the march of nineteen miles and the fighting of the day before; in fact, it would have been useless to pursue mounted infantry with troops ou foot under any cir- cumstances. On the morning of the 15th the enemy again appeared in our front. I awaited their attack, bnt finding that ithey were not disposed to ap- proach within musket shot, with the exception of their skirmishers,~ I moved upon them and drove them about two miles, when they again took to their horses and tied. I then followed the Third Division, which had already moved out on the Ellistown road. A brigade of cavalry formed the rear guard. I arrived at the camp on Old Town Creek, and was there met by a staff officer of the general commanding the expedition, who directed that my division shonld pass by the Third and encamp in advance of them. Just as my rear brigade had crossed the creek and passed through the bottom on the north side of it, several shells were sud- #]enly dropped into the camp by the enemy, who, it seems, had driven in our cavalrythe moment the infantry had crossed the creek. I was directed by Major-General Smith to take a brigade and drive the enemy back. I moved the First Brigade immediately back, forming them in line of battle. I attacked the eneiuy and drove them about two miles. Col- onel MeMillens brigade behaved most gallantly, and were led by him, he riding in advance of them and cheering them on. After the enemy had been driven, I withdrew my troops and ordered them into camp, leaving the position to be held by Colonel Moore, commanding the Third Division. I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of both officers and men in the several engagements. I regret to have to report the loss of Colonel Wilkin, of the Ninth Minnesota, commanding Secon(l Brigade, who, although he had been with the command but a short time had already endeared himself to both officers and men by his high-toned bearing and gentlemanly con- duct. I inclose herewith a sketch* of the battle-field and reports of brigade commanders. A list of casualties has already been forwarded to you.t I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOS. A. MOWER, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. J. HOUGH, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Right Wing, Sixteenth Army Corps. No. 5. Report of Cot. William L. JUieMillen, Ninety-fifth Ohio Jinfantry, command ing First Brigade. IIDQRS. FIRST BRIG., FIRST Div., 16TH ARMY Conps, Memphis, Teun., July 24, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following statement of the part taken by this command in tIme late expedition to Tupelo, Miss., ~To appear in the Atlas. tEi bodie4 IU table, p. 254 Page 259 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MiSS. 259 nnder Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith, commanding Itight Wing, Sixteenth Army Corps: The composition and strength of this brigade was as follows: Command. Officers. Mcn. 72(1 Ohio Veteran Infantry, Maj. E. A. iRawson commanding 13 221 95th Ohio Infantry, Lient. Col. J. Bmumback commanding 10 211 114th Illinois Infantry, Capt. B. C. Berry commanding 14 283 93d Indiana Infantry, Capt. C. A. Hubbard commanding 1.3 196 10th Minnesota Infantry, Lient. Col. 5. P. Jennison commanding 32 634 Section Company F, First Illinois Artillery, Licut. 0. W. Cram commanding 1 44 Total 83 1,589 The troops were embarked on ears at the (lepot of the Memphis aild Charleston Railroad on the morning of the 22d of June, and proceeded to Grissoms Bridge, where they cainl)ed for the night, and the following day marched to Moscow, where they remained several days, and moved to La Grange. On the 5th iiistaut we left the latter l)laCe, canipillg tbr the night at Davis Mills, and the following day took np the line of march in a southeasterly direction toward the Mobile and Ohio Rail- road, reaching the vicinity of I~ontotoc, Miss., without incident worthy of note, on the morning of the 11th instant. here the enemy was sup- posed to be in 5oine force, a1l(i this brigade was deployed, with its left resting on the main road, and moved for some distaiice ill line. Ascer- taining that the enemy had abandoned the place, aiid that General Grierson w~s already ill possession of Pontotoc, the brigade was moved by the left flank through the town aiid camped on a small stream near it, where it remained Yintil tile morning of the 13th iiistant, when we again uloved in the direction of Tupelo. 1)uring the afternoon of this day I was furiously assailed near Camargo Cross-Roads, on the right flank, taking my troops by surprise. The Seventy-second and Ninety- fifth Ohio and One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry were quickly formed in line, gallantly charging the enemy and driving him in confusion from the field. In this engagement (as I afterward learned with the whole of Bells rebel brigade) I was prolni)tly assisted by the Second Iowa Battery, Lieutenant Reed commanding, whose prompt- ness and gallantry cannot be too highly praised. I am also indebted to Colonel Wilkin, then commanding the Secoiid I~rigade, for prompt assistance in sending to my relief the Ninth Minnesota Infantry, who did effective service. The officers and men of that portion of my coin- mand engaged deserve commendation for the gallantry with which they met the enemy and the handsome manner in which he was repulsed and driven. My loss in this affair was about 35 officers and men killed and wounded. The brigade then moved to llarrisonburg, near Tupelo, and camped for the night. The next morning, the 14th instant, the troops were under arms at 3 a. in., my brigade in reserve on the extreme right and rear of our position, and, with the exception of the Tenth Minnesota Infantry, it was not engaged in the battle on that day. On the morning of the 15th the regiments composing the brigade were moved about the field into various positions, and althongh at tinmes subjected to a heavy artillery fire from the enemy, were not brought into immediate contact with him. In the movement northward from Tupelo, on the 15th instant, my brigade had the rear of the entire infantry column, and was the last to leave the battle-field. We marched some five miles without molest Page 260 260 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. tion to Town Creek, where we found the train parked and the column halted. The rear regiment of my brigade had just crossed the creek, when a sharp attack was made upon the cavalry rear guard, which was driven hastily and in confusion from the field and through my ranks the enemy advancing rapidly in large force, planting a battery, the shell from which reached the train. I at once formed the Seventy-sec- ond Ohio, Ninety-fifth Ohio, One hundred and fourteenth Illinois, and Ninety-third Indiana Infantry in line, put Battery E into position, and by direction of Brig. Gen. J. A. Mower, commanding division, charged the enemy, who was then within close range, driving the cavalry in great conft~sion before him. The Tenth Minnesota Infantry, being in advance, did not reach the point of formation in time to charge with us, but afterward joined us on the field. Notwithstanding the con- fusion occasioned by a large number of led horses and demoralized cav- alrymen passing through my ranks, the heavy artillery fire of the enemy, and a stampeded train, my line did not for a moment falter, but moved as rapidly and regularly forward as the nature of the ground over which we passed would permit. Getting through the cavalry and see- ing nothing but the enemy before us, the order to charge was given, and, with a loud cheer, my men dashed forward, driving the enemy, who was in superior force and commanding position, from the field. I cannot praise too highly the conduct of the officers and men of the regiments making the charge. They all nobly and bravely performed their duty. Capt. B. C. Berry, commanding One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry, received a wound which compelled him to retire from the field. Maj. Eugene A. Ilawson, commanding Seventy-second Ohio Vet- eran Infantry, received a wound from which he has since died. In the death of Major iRawson the army and the country have sustained an irreparable loss. Young, accomplished, and possessed of that chivalrous nature which leads to deeds of high daring, he gave promise of rising to positions of honor and usefulness. The idol of his regiment and be- loved by this entire command, his death has caused a void which will never be filled. He fell at the head of his command in the fierce tempest of battle, leaving an example worthy the emulation of the bravest, and a name which his country and friends will be honored in cherishing. To Capt. S. N. Shoup, who succeeded Captain Berry in command of the One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry, and Captain Snyder, who assumed command of the Seventy-second Ohio Infantry after Major IRawson was wounded, too munch praise cannot be awarded for their personal gallantry and the able, effective manner in which they handled their commands. Capt. Janmes Kilbourne, Ninety-fifth Ohio In- fantry, on the skirmish line, and Capt. S. Elliott, Nimmety-third Indiana lnfantry, were conspicuous for their efficiency and daring. From this time until we reached our camps at Memphis, on the 22d instant, nothing of special interest occurred. The march home was fatiguing, owing to the heat, dust, and scanty supply of water and pro- visions. Capt. J. Fernald, Seventy-second Ohio Infantry, picket officer; Lieut. 0.11. Abel, acting assistant adjutant-general; Licuts. J. Barber, Ninety- fifth Ohio Infantry, and T. Livings, Ninety-third Indiana Infantry, aides-dc-camp; Lieutenant Hosmer, One hundred and thirteenth Illinois Infantry, acting assistant inspector-general, composing the staff of this brigade, deserve special mention for their uniform devotion to duty and the coolness and bravery with which they conducted thcmnsclves in action. It affords mc pleasure to recommend them for favorable notice, and as officers worthy of promotion Page 261 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MiSS. 2(31 My casualties are as follows: 1 commissioned officer killed, 6 wounded; 15 enlisted men killed, 71 wounded, an(1 5 missing in action, a detailed report of which has already been forwarded. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. L. McMJLLEN, Colonel Ninety-fifth Ohio Infantry, Commanding. Capt. J. B. SAMPLE, Assistant Adjutant- ~9eneral. No. 6. Report of Capt. Benjamin C. Berry, One hundred and fourteenth Illinois Infantry. HEADQUARTERS 114TH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, ]Wieniphis, Teun., July 23, 1864. COLONEL: In obedience to your order of the 22d, I have the honor to submit the following statement of the part taken by my regiment in the late expedition to and from Tupelo: We left Memphis, Tenn., on the 25th of June and arrived at La Grange on the 27th, nothing worthy of note transpiring on the way. Omi the 5th of July we again moved onward, making easy marches. We arrived at Pontotoc on the 11th, my men being greatly improved in both health and spirits. On the morning of the 13th we again took up the line of march toward Tupelo, my regiment being in the rear of the brigade. About noon the brigade was halted until the entire wagon train had moved past, when we again moved forward, my regiment being placed in the rear of the Second Iowa Battery, with orders from you to support it. The brigade receiving a spirited attack on the right flank, and the battery in imminent peril, the advance of the enemy being within a few rods, my regiment was formed in the rear of the battery, the men forming in fine order and good time. The farther advance of the enemy was checked by the time I had my line formed by the emmergetic action of the battery itself. We were then ordered forward to the support of the Seventy- second and Ninety-fifth Ohio Regiments, who were hotly pressed by the enemy. Arriving on the ground we were ordered, in connection with the other two regiments, to charge, which was done in gallant style, and the enemy was driven from the field, our loss being 3 killed and 10 wounded. We then moved forward until near Tupelo, where we weni into camp for the night. During the operations of the 14th my regi- ment was not brought into action, but was held in reserve. Being somewhat exposed to the enemys artillery we lost, by the explosion of one of their shells, 2 men killed and 1 wounded severely. IDur- ing the operations of the morning of the 15th my regiment was not brought into immediate action, but, upon leaving the ground with the Ninety-third Indiana, composed the rear guard of the infantry force. About 5 oclock in the afternoon an assault was made by the enemy on the rear of the column. Our brigade, except the Temith Min- nesota, was ordered to charge them, which was done, and the enemy, who had a largely superior force, was driven back near a mile in perfect rout. During this charge my regiment, occupying an exposed position in the line, suffered severely, 7 men being killed and 15 wounded; most of them very severely wounded. I was here myself wounded Page 262 23 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. I CHAP. IA. and for the balance of the expedition the command devolved upon Capt. Samuel N. Slioup, after which the regiment was not engaged in any operations. of particular note. In conclusion, I wish to bear testimony to the gallant bearing of both officers and men. Although the personal bravery and efficiency of many is worthy of special mention yet where all so nobly did their duty to particularize would be unjusi~. I have the honor to remain, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servailt, B. C. BERRY, Col. W. L. MCMILLEN, Captain, Commanding. Comdg. First Brigade, First Division, AS1~xteenth Army Corps. No. 7. Report of Capt. Charles A. Hubbard, Ninety-third Indiana Infantry. HEADQUARTERS NINETY-THIRD INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Memphis, Tenn., July 25, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Ninety-third Regiment in the late expedition: On the morning of the 22d of June left Memphis by railroad to Gris- soms Bridge and encamped. On 23d marched to Moscow. Left Mos- cow 28th; marched to La Grange, Tenn. Left La Grange on the 5th of July, marching in a southerly direction, passing through Ripley, and arrived at Pontotoc on July 12 in the morning and encamped. On the morning of the 13th resumed our march in a northeasterly direction. In the afternoon, lie aring heavy firing in our rear, niy regi- ment being in advance of the brigade, we were ordered forward to guard Third Division train. Two companies detailed to onard our brigade train marched about five miles, wheii we foand Third Division in line of battle. Ilere parked the train; reported to Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith for orders. Ordered to form line in support of Third lindiana Battery on the extreme right of the line, where we remained until day- light of the 14th, when ordered by General Mower to move in rear of the Sixth Indiana Battery, with my left resting on the road. We re- mnained in this position until ordered by Colonel MeMillen to support Waterhouses battery, where we remained about oiie hour under a heavy fire of the enemny;~ then ordered by Colonel McMillen across the road, omi the extreme right of ~the road, where we remained until the fire of the enenmy ceased, without a chance to fire a gun at the enemy. In the afternoon we were ordered, with the Tenth Miiimiesota, under the coin- mand of Lieutenant-Colonel Jennison, to guard the train. We took our position south of the train in the woods; scnt two companies on picket and remained during the night of the 14th. Omi the mnorning of the 15th the enemy advanced and skirmishing comunmenced by our pickets, under command of Lieutenant Ned, Com- pany I, sul)ported on the right by the Ninth Illinois Cavalry, when the enemy weve driven back; when ordered by Colonel MeMillen to change our position to that occupied by us in the morning, where we formed on the right of the Second Brigade with orders, if heavy firing was heard in our front, to imiove and support Waterhouses battery, where we remained until ordered to the extreme froiit, and took our positio Page 263 CHAP. LI.] 2G3 EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MIS S. on the left of the brigade, when we fixed bayonets and ordered, in ease the enemy charged our lines, to move across the road, and hold the road at all hazards. Sent two companies out as skirmishers, under coin- mand of Capt. Willian{ Lamb, Company K, when the enemy opened fire on us with shell, without doing any damage, when I was ordered to withdraw from the field. Captain Berry, commanding One hundred and fourteenth Illinois, and myself were ordered to protect the rear, my regiment being in the extreme rear, three companies marching in rear of Waterhouses battery, the remainder of niy regiment marching in two ranks on each side of the battery, in which position we continued until we arrived at Old Town Creek, niy men overmuch fatigued, it being very hot and dusty. The first intimation we had of the enemy was a shell bursting in the rear of our regiment, when we linmediately formed in the forks of the road, the Fourth Iowa Cavalry falling back and passing through our line, saying that they did not fight on foot, when we were ordered forward, crossing Old Town Creek four tunes before meeting the enemy, which we found on the right of the road in a stubble field, when we were ordered to charge, which we did, driving the enemy before mis, passing over the enemys dead and wounded on the field. Being considerably in advance of the line, I discovered the enemy on our left flank aimd in front of the One hundred and fourteenth Illinois. I ordered aim oblique fire to the left, the enenmy falling back on the road, posting themselves behind a fence in our front, when we charged them and drove them from their position, killing and wound- ing numitbers of them and taking a few prisommers, which were taken charge of by the Third Iowa Cavalry, the enemy retreating in utter confusion, breaking their guns, pursued by our regiment until ordered to halt by General Mower, at the crest of the hill, no enemy to be seen our loss being 43 men slightly wounded and 6 sunstruckwhen we were ordered into camp by Colonel MeMillen, where we arrived at dark, both officers and men being worn down with fatigue, all having done their duty well. On the morning of the 16th took up line of march for La Grange, by the way of Salem, nothing of importance occurring. We arrived at La Grange on the 21st and took the cars for Memphis in the after- noon. Arrived at Memphis on the 22d. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, C. A. HUBBAI~D, Captain, Comdg. Ninety-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Col. W. L. MOMILLEN, Corn 4g. First Brig., First Dirision, Sixteenth Army Corps. No. 8. Report of Lieut. Cot. Samuel P. Jennison, Tenth Minnesota Infantry. IIEADQuARTElIS TENTH MINNESOTA INFANTRY, Memphis, Tenn., July 23, 18G4. I have the honor to report the operations of my commuand during the late expedition under Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith to Tupelo, Miss.: The regiment, which had been detained upon provost duty, left La Grange on the afternoon of the 5th instant to join the rest of the brigade Page 264 264 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. On the 13th instant the regiment was formed to resist the flank at- tack of the enemy made near the creek, about miles from Tupelo, on the road thither from Pontotoc. One company (Company F, Capt. George 22. White commanding) was thrown forward as skirmishers, who became engaged on the left of the advanced line, and to whose support Company K, Captain OConnor, was afterward dispatched, but the rest of the regiment took no other part than to change position as support several times, and to endure the harmless shelling of the en- cinys artillery. During the engagement of two hours and a half, on the 14th instant, we were on the left of the First Brigade, which formed the right of our semicircular line. Two companies, A and E, were throughout absent upon picket duty. Company C, Captain Hopson, was deployed to cover our front, and was often engaged with the skirmuishers of the enemy. The regmment, although mnuch exposed, was held in reserve until the last advance of the enemy, when Colonel McMillen directed me to swing nmy regiment around upon its left, temporarily disconnecting its right from the rest of the line, so as to extend the line that was hitherto en- gaged by the length of my battalion. Their miew position was concealed from the enemy by the crest of a ridge, upon which Muellers battery of Itodman guns had been doing excellent service. I awaited the enemy until I was satisfied I could reach them with the fire of my riflemnen, when the regiment rose as one man, developing a line of greater extent to themr left than the enemy had yet seen, and gave themn a volley, which was the last they waited to receive that day. They turned in utter rout and our victorious line was ordered forward. Presently mny regi- ment was recalled by order of General Mower. The evening and night following I was ordered directly by Major-General Smith to guard the rear of the train, the hospitals, and the road to Tupelo, along which it was expected the enemy would make an attempt. On the 15th the Tenth Minnesota was again sent in as a reserve, tak- ing posmtmon by the dmrect order of General Mower. Upon the afternoon of that day, when the enemy attacked us just as we were arriving imi camp, my regiment had been the leading one on the march, and was therefore the last to receive the order to return to attack the emmemy. The regiment returned immediately, under the guidance of a staff officer of the brigade comnmander, but only to be ordered to return to camp, the other regimnents of the brigade having gallantly driven the enemy for about two miles. I have no other circumstances to mention wherein my regiment bore any speemal part. Although commonly held in reserve in the engage- ment, it was often in very trying positions. 1 can only say of the behavior of my officers and men that it is all I could desire. They promptly moved whenever and wherever ordered, and they remained until ordered away. I had about 400 mnen in line on the 14l~h and over 500 on the 15th. My loss was 1 killed and 20 wounded. Very respectfully, your obedient servant S. P. JENNJSON, Lieutenant- Golonel, Comdg. Tenth Minnesota Infantry. OSCAR MALMROS, Adjutant- General, Minnesota Page 265 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 265 No. 9. Report of Gol. John V. McClure, Forty-seventh illinois Infantry, com manding Second Brigade. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., FIRST Div., 16TH ARMY CORPS, Memphis, Tenn., July 22, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of oper- ations of this brigade during the late expedition: The brigade left La Grange, Ten~i., on the 5th instant, then being under command of Col. Alexander Wilkin, Ninth Minnesota Infantry Volunteers, and continued on during the very hot weather. On the 13th instant, while on the march from Pontotoc to Tupelo, word was brought forward to Colonel Wilkin that the rear had been attacked, and that the enemy were passing by our brigade and occa- sionally firing upon it and the brigade teams from a cross-road. He immediately deployed the Eleventh Missouri Volunteers and Forty-sev- enth Illinois Volunteers, and with them held the road until the train had passed. Meantime, the remainder of the brigade had been formed in line of battle, on an open field to the left of the road and facing to the rear. This done under orders from General Mower, and shortly after moved back on the road some distance, and remained until the train had all passed, when we were ordered to proceed on the march. After going about a mile and a half or two miles we heard heavy firing in the front, and soon learned that the First Brigade had been attacked. We pushed ahead, passing the ambulances containing wonnded brought np from the rear. The Second Iowa Battery had been in the advance, and were now playing upon the rebels as rapidly as their guns could be loaded, and, as afterward ascertained, did good execution. Orders soon caine for one regiment of the Second Brigade to enter the wood on the right of the First Brigade. The Ninth Minnesota formed line and entered the wood through a corn-field, but before they had taken their position a force was seen coming around between us and the First Bri- gade, amid so much dressed like our own men our fire was reserved some time, as it was impossible to distinguish them. Satisfied that they were rebels, Colonel Wilkin directed the Ninth to fire, and so com- pletely surprised were the enemy that they fled in the utmost confusion, leaving many killed and wounded on the field. The Forty-seventh Illi- nois was now brought up, formed on the right of the Ninth Minnesota, and together advanced until the halt was ordered and they returned. The detachment of the Fifth Minnesota and Eighth Wisconsin had been ordered to support the Second Iowa Battery, and did so until word was brought from the First Brigade that they needed assistance, when they were sent ahead, and rejoined us on the march. They were not placed forward, as the enemy had retreated when they were brought up. The Eleventh Missouri Infantry were held back as a reserve until General Mower ordered them into the woods in rear of the Ninth Min- nesota and Forty-seventh Illinois, but by the time they had taken their position these regiments were retiring, and the Eleventh was ordered to join them. Nothing further occurred until the next day, when the battle of Har- risburg was fought. The Second Brigade was held as a reserve, and formed in two lines immediately in rear of the Fourth Brigade and in a valley. We were, while there, under a heavy fire from the guns of the enemy, their shell, canister, & c., passing over the advanced forces and exploding around us. The Forty-seventh illinois and Elevent Page 266 266 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Missouri were ordered out on the right of the train to protect it from an attack on that side, and remained in that position nntil the following day. It was after placing these two reglinents in position that Colonel Wil- kin went forward to attend to the half of the brigade, and was killed upon reaching the right of his line, a minie-ball 1)assing through his body from the left side to the right. Upon hearing of his death, I assumed command of the brigade, and after throwing out skirmishers in front of the corral, and my line on the right of the teams, I rode for- ward in time to take out the Ninth Minnesota and detachments of Fifth Minnesota and Eighth Wisconsin, when the rebels were driven back. We remained in our position that night, a night attack being expected. The Second Iowa Battery, Lieutenant Reed commanding, had been placed in an exposed position during the entire battle, but had kept up their tire and held their position during the hottest of the firing in a manner most praiseworthy and highly commendable. The morning of the 15th, while umaking preparations to march, the enemy were seen to be advancing, and, by order of General Mower, the Fifth Minnesota and Eighth Wisconsin and Ninth Miiinesota were thrown out to the earth-works on the left of the Third Brigade, the de- tachments occupying the works, while the Ninth was thrown to the left and rear of them, protecting the left flank. Our skirmishers on the ex- treme left were not driven in, but were under very heavy fire. Those immediately in front were driven in and some sharp firing was kept up until the charge was ordered, when the rebels fled and only an occa- sional shot was fired. Meantime, the remainder of the brigade had been ordered forward and placed in position with the brigade. One section of the Second Iowa Battery was brought forward also, and shelled the rebels in their retreat. After remaining here some time, we were ordered to take up the line of march; nothing further occurred during our march to La Grange. The behavior of both officers and men of this brigade was soldierly, and all orders were obeyed cheerfully and promptly. Much praise is due to them, and especially to the Second Iowa Battery, Lienteimant Reed commanding, for the manner in which his battery was handled and with good effect during the entire engagement. Killed, wounded, and missing, 35. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN I). McCLURE, Colonel, Comdg. Second Brig., First Div., Sixteenth Army Corps. Capt. J. B. SAMPLE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Sixteenth Army (~orps. No. 10. Report of Lieut. Cot. Josiah F. Marsh, Ninth Minnesota Infantry. HEADQUARTERS NINTH MINNESOTA VOLUNTEERS, Memphis, Teun., July 29, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my regiment in the late battles of the 13th, 14th, and 15th instant, near Tupelo, Miss.: On the 13th instant, while on the march from Pontotoc toward Tupelo, late in the afternoon, the enemy in strong force attacked our right flank Page 267 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 2C7 with the evident intention of capturing the trains. The first attack in force fell principally upon the First Division, which immediately pre- ceded the Second Brigade, to which my regiment was attached. Upon arriving at the point of attack I was ordered by Col. Alexander Wilkin, who was then commanding the biigade, to take a position about fifty rods to the right of the road to support a battery that was then shelling the enemy. A small force of the enemy, thirty or forty in number, soon appeared in my front, not more than eight or ten rods distant. We at first took them to be our skirmishers falling back, and they evidently took us to be a portion of their own force. Consequently, our fire was reserved until they were seen to aim toward the battery, when my men were ordered to fire. It is believed that few, if any, of this party escaped. I was immediately ordered to advance, and in pass- ing hurriedly over the ground one officer of my regiment connted 17 dead and wounded. I advanced a half or three-quarters of a mile, when orders came to return to the road and again take up the line of march. On the 14th instant the enemy again attacked us in our position in large force near Tupelo. After a sanguinary conflict of three hours, the enemy was repulsed with great slaughter, leaving his dead and wounded in our possession. During the engagement my regiment was held in reserve, forming a part of the fourth line, but so hot was the enemy~s fire at this point, that, although my men were lying fiat on the ground, I had 1 man killed and 5 wounded. In this engagement Col. Alexander Wilkin was killed. At 10 a. in., as the enemy retired, an advance was ordered. My regiment was placed on the extreme right of the line. We advanced a half or three-quarters of a mile, but as the enemy only threw a few shells, and then left the field altogether, the troops were ordered back to their old position, where they bivouacked for the night. On the 15th instant the enemy attacked the First Division. After driving in the cavalry that had been sent out to cover our move- ments, the Third Division and train having already moved out, my reg- iment was ordered into position on the left of the line, and Company K, Lieutenant Capon commanding, thrown out as skirmishers. After a sharp engagement by a portion of the troops, the entire line was ordered to advance. We advanced about one mile in line of battle, a part of the way through a dense thicket, the enemy taking good care to keep out of range of our musketry. This advanced position was held for ami hour or two, our batteries during the time shelling the enemy, when orders were received to fall back and take up the line of march, following the Third Brigade and train. The conduct of the officers and men of my command was commenda- ble during all of these engagements, especially on the 14th, when we were held so long in reserve under the enemys fire. The leaden hail fell thick and fast in and about my ranks for over two hours, yet not a man moved from his place without orders. Where all behaved so well it would be unjust to particularize. Casualties.* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. F. MARSH, Lieutenant- Colonel Ninth Minnesota Volunteers. Col. J. D. MCCLURE, Comdg. Second Brig., First Div., Sixteenth Army Corps. Nominal list (omitted) shows 1 officer and 1 enlisted man killed and 5 enlisted men wounded Page 268 268 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA, AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. No. 11. Report of Gol. Joseph J. Woods, Twe~fth Iowa fifantry, commanding Third Brigade. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FIRST Div., 16TH ARMY Coups, Memphis, Tenn., July 23, 1864. I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the Brigade in the late expedition in Mississippi: This brigade moved from La Grange, Tenn., with the Right Wing of the Sixteenth Army Corps, on the morning of the 5th day of July, and entered Pontotoe, Miss., on the evening of the 11th of July, and again marched from that place on the morning of the 13th of July. Up to this time had not been engaged with the enemy. On the afternoon of the 13th of July we were on the march from Ponto- toe to Tupelo in the following order: The Thirty-fifth Iowa in advance, and immediately behind the brigade train of the Second Brigade; the Thirty-third Missouri in front of the supply train, the Seventh Minnesota and Twelfth Iowa on the flanks of the train. At 3 p. in. a volley was fired into the brigade train of the Second Brigade and immediately in front of the Thirty-fifth Iowa. That regiment was immediately formed in line of battle and skirmishers thrown forward, but the force which fired from this point, and which seems to have been a small one, fled. Soon after this first volley the enemy opened in heavy force on the right flank of the Seventh Minnesota and Twelfth Iowa, who soon became hotly engaged with the enemy. After a sharp fight we not only repulsed the enemy, but drove him from the field. During this action Surg. L. B. Smith, of the Seventh Minnesota, an excellent officer, was killed. The Seventh Minnesota had 1 officer killed and 14 men wounded. In the Twelfth Iowa Capt. C. L. Sumbardo, a good officer, was wounded, and that regiment had also 1 man killed, 11 men wounded, and 1 man miss- ing. The same day the Thirty-third Missouri had 2 men wounded. Total loss this day, 1 officer killed, 1 officer wounded, 1 man killed and 27 men wounded and 1 man missing. On the morning of the 14th of July this army had taken a position near Tupelo, Miss. The brigade was disposed in the following order: On the right the Thirty-fifth Iowa, then the Thirty-third Missouri, then the Twelfth Iowa, the left of the Twelfth Iowa resting on the Pontotoc road. The Seventh Minnesota was placed in reserve in rear of the hin ~. At 9 oclock the enemy in heavy force advanced upon our line, an d attacked us warmly with artillery and mnusketry. Our men with- out once wavering returned the fire. A fierce engagement was kept up for three hours, when our whole brigade charged the enemy, driving him from the field and getting possession of his killed and woumided, who lay thick upon the field. We also captured at this time several prisoners, and 1 stand of colors, which fell into the hands of the Thirty- third Missouri. We remained in our advanced position until it became evident the enemy was not likely to attack soon again, when we returned to our original position. During this attack the Twelfth Iowa exhausted their ammunition. The Seventh Minnesota relieved them until in turn the ammunition of the Seventh Minnesota became exhausted. During this action the Twelfth Iowa had an excellent officer, Lieut. A. A. Burdick, killed. The Twelfth Iowa lost during the day 6 men killed and 39 men wounded. The Seventh Minnesota lost 7 men killed, 1 officer wounded, and 33 mcmi wounded. The Thirty-third Missouri lost 1 officer wounded, 1 man killed, and 17 men wounded. The Thirty-fifth Iowa lost 3 men killed and 33 men wounded Page 269 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 269 On the morning of the 15th of July the Thirty-third Missouri and Seventh Minnesota were in line on the right of the Pontotoc road, the Twelfth Iowa and Thirty-fifth Iowa on the left of said road, all behind temporary breast-works. In this position the brigade was ordered to remain concealed and to reserve their fire until the enemy arrived to within fifty yards of our lines. The enemy advancing opened a warm fire on us, but at length it becoming evident that he would not charge our lines or advance to the prescribed distance, a charge was ordered by the general commanding the division. The men charged with a will, when the enemy fled precipitately. During the action we lost from the Twelfth Iowa, 1 man killed and 2 men wounded; in Seventh Minnesota, 1 officer killed and 4 men wounded; in the Thirty-third Missouri, 1 man killed and 14 men wounded; in the Thirty-fifth Iowa, 1 man killed. The heat was intense and there were some cases of sun- stroke. During these various actions the regimental commanders, Colonel Hill, Thirty-fifth Iowa; Colonel Marshall, Seventh Minnesota; Lieuten- ant-Colonel Heath, Thirty-third Missouri; and Lieutenant-Colonel Stibbs, Twelfth Iowa Volunteers, displayed the utmost coolness and bravery, and discharged all their duties with alacrity. In this they were well sustained by the field and line officers of their command, whilst the men proved themselves worthy of the highest praise for their heroic conduct. Acting Brigade Surg. S. W. Huff was very faithful and efficient in his duties with the wounded. I return my thanks to the members of my staff, Lieuts. H. Hoover, N. E. Duncan, H. M. Reed, and L. F. Creitz for the aid they rendered me in the performance of their duties, though at times I was deficient in aid on the field in consequence of staff officers being physically unable to perform the needed services. During these various actions the brigade lost: Officerskilled, 3; wounded, 3. Enlisted menkilled , , missing, 3. Total loss, 197. , 21; wounded 167 At 2 p. m. of the 15th of July the brigade moved out on the Ellistown road, going into camp at 5 p. in., about six miles from the battle-field. With no further engagement with the enemy we arrived at La Grange, Teun., July 21, 1864. Besides this loss in the above actions the following casualties occurred during the expedition: July 8, in Thirty-third Missouri, 1 enlisted man wounded by accident (since died); in Thirty-fifth iowa, 1 enlisted man wounded by accident; July 20, in Seventh Minnesota, 1 man woundel by accident and 1 man missing on the march since July 11. RespectfUlly submitted. J. J. WOODS, Capt. J. B. SAMPLE, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, & xteenth Army Gorps. No. 12. Report of Lient. (Jol. John if. Stibbs, Twelfth Iowa Infantry. HDQRS. TWELFTH IOWA INFANTRY VETERAN VoLs., La Urange, Tenn., July 21, 1864. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to make the following report of the action taken by the Twelfth Regiment Iowa Infantry Veteran Volu Page 270 270 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LL teers in the actions near Tupelo, Miss., on the 13th, 14th, and 15th in- stant: On the 13th instant, at about 2 p. in., while marching as guard for the supply train arid support for Muellers Sixth Indiana Battery, we were heavily attacked on our right flank by Mabrys Mississippi brigade, at a point on the road where the timber and nnderbrush were so dense as to make it almost impossible to maneuver the men. Having learned by my flankers the point at which the enemy were striking, I moved my command so as to meet their front fairly, and then as nearly as possible concealed my men in the brush and awaited the attack. We allowed the enemy to advance without firing a shot until within twenty paces, when we suddenly poured a sweeping volley full in their ranks. This threw them into confusion, and after a sharp fight of twenty minutes we drove them from our front with heavy loss. Their colors were left on the ground, but we failed to secure them as we were compelled to march to support the battery. They were subsequently picked np by the Four- teenth Wisconsin Infantry. Our loss during this action was 1 man killed, 1 officer and 11 men wounded, and 1 man missing. On the morning of the 14th instant, at Tupelo, in accordance with in- structions from your headquarters, I posted my comman(l on the right of the Pontotoc road, forming the extreme left of the First Division, and was supported by the Seventh Minnesota Infantry. In front of and running parallel with onr line was a heavy rail fence, which we threw down in such a manner as to form a good protection against small-arms. My regiment was the first to receive the enemys attack, and we held our position, nuder a heavy fire, for about two hours, when our ammun- nition became exhansted; we were ordered to the rear, and our place taken by the Seventh Minnesota Infantry. Companies E and H having been furnished with ammunition were allowed to remain at the front, and were thus kept constantly engaged during the entire action. After a rest of about forty-five minutes, and receiving a fresh supply of am- munition, we again moved forward and took position iu front, wh erewe remained nutil ordered to charge, when we moved forward on the double- quick, driving the enemy from our front and capturing a number of prisoners. Our loss during the day was I officer and 6 men killed and 39 men wounded. We consumed during the engagement over 100 rounds of ammunition per man. The men of my command behaved nobly, and as an evidence of the cool, deliberate, and accurate manner in which our fire was delivered, I would refer you to the great number of the enemys dead that were strewn in front of the line occupied by my regiment. ILient. A. A. Burdick, acting regimental quartermaster, who was killed, had been ordered to the rear with his train but after seeing his wagons properly parked, he came to the front and volunteered to assist in bring- ing forward ammunition. While thus engaged he was struck by a shell and instantly killed. On the morning of the 15th instant my regiment was assigned a posi- tion to the left of the Pontotoc road, amid formed the left center of the brigade line. We had a substantial breast-work of cottomi bales formed in our front, which served as an admirable protection against the enemys sharpshooters. We took full part in the fight and charge of the day, losing 1 man killed and 3 wounded. Ourlossduringthethreedaysfightingwas1officerand8menkill~d, 1 officer and 54 men wounded, and 1 man missing. My command numbered in the first days fight 295 muskets, on the eccond day 250, and on the third day about 200 Page 271 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 271 I cannot consistently make particular mention of any members of the regiment as every man was at his post and all condncted themselves in a creditable manner. I inclose herewith a list of the casualties for the three days. 1 am, lieutenant, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, JNO. H. STIRBS, Lieut. Cot., Contdg. Twelfth Iowa Veteran Volunteer Jufty. Lient. H. HOOVER, Acig. Asst. Adjt. ~Jeu., Third Brig., First Div., 16th Army Corps. No. 13. Report of Col. ~ylrester (L Hill, Thirty-fifth Iowa Infantry. HEADQUARTERS THIRTY-FIFTH IOWA INFANTRY, La arange, Tenn., July 21, 1864. Sin: I have the honor of submitting the following report of the oper- ations of the Thirty-fifth Itegiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry for July 13, 14, and 15: The regiment being in the advance of the brigade on the 13th, I was ordered to guaid the Second Brigade teams. At 4.30 p. iu. we re- ceived a volley of musketry from the enemy on our right flank. 1 imme- (liately halted the regiment and formed in line of battle, and sent for- ward a line of skirmishers some 500 yards in advance of the regiment. The enemy had retreated. After waiting some fifteen minutes I returned to the road and started on with the train. I was immediately ordered by General Mower to fall back and occupy my former position in the tim- ber. In a few minutes I was ordered to move down the road about half a mile. Soon after I received orders to move up the road as guard to the Sixth Indiana Battery. No casualties during the day. On the 14th I was ordered to take position on the right of the brigade to support the Second Iowa Battery; we occupied this position until 9.30 a. in., when we received a severe fire from the enemy. Then I received orders to advance in line of battle on the enemy. After advancing some 500 yards we halted, where we found many dead and wounded rebels, also a large number of arms, which we destroyed. At 10.15 a. in. I received orders to move ofi~ by the left flank amid retire to our former position, leaving companies K and C as skirmishers. Killed, 4; wounded, 22. On the 15th I received orders to take a position on the left of the Twelfth Iowa in rear of a barricade thrown up by the Third Division. Remained in this position till 9.30 a. in., when we were ordered to fix bayonets and charge the enemy, which was done in earnest by the men and officers, but no enemy was found in force. After advancing some three-quarters of a mile 1 was ordered to halt and rest the men. At 11 a. in. I was ordered to retire and take my regular position in the brigade. Killed, 1; wounded, 10. The following is the list of casual- ties for the 13th, 14th, and 15th of July, 1864.# Your obedient servant, S. G. flILL, Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Lient. HENRY HOOVER, Acting Assistant At(jutant- General. ~Nomina1 list (omitted) SI4QWS ~ cnlistcd men killcd and 32 enlisted men wounded; tet4d, 37 Page 272 272 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. No. 14. Report of Col.. William P. Miarshall, Seventh Minnesota Infantry. HDQRS. SEVENTH IREGT. MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLS., La Grange, Tenn., Jnly 22, 1864. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to submit the follox~~ing report of the part performed by the Seventh iRegiment Minnesota Infantry Volun- teers in late actions near Tupelo, Miss.: About 3 p. m. on the 13th the enemy attacked the right flank of our column on the Pontotoc and Tupelo road. The Seventh Minnesota was engaged successfully in repelling this attack. We were marching by the left flank on the right of the road, covering the supply train. The left two companies, Captains Kennedy and Stevens, opposite head of supply train, kept on with the train as it was hurried forward. The re- maining eight companies were formed in line near the road, taking cover momentarily behind a fence, and opened fire on the enemy. Captain ODonnell, of General Mowers staff, rode up and ordered the regiment to advance and drive the enemy back. This was promptly done, the line charging at double-quick across an old field. The ground was in part covered by bushes that marked the course of a dry brook. We dislodged the enemy on the left from cover of this copse and on the right from a hill that commanded the road, and drove him out of range of the road into the woods beyond the field. Captain ODonnell at one time ordered the right of the line to fall back, but subsequently ad- vanced it again. We held our advanced position until the train passed and we were ordered to return and move on to Tupelo. The enemy had entirely withdrawn from our front before we returned to road. The regiment and the service sustained a heavy loss in the death of Surg. Lucius B. Smith, who was instantly killed by the first volley from the enemy. We lost 14 men wounded in this affair. On the moruing of the 14th, when the battle opened at Harrisburg, my regiment, except two companies, was placed in the second line, in the edge of the woods on the west front of our camp or army position. My right two companies (Captain Banks and Lieutenant bag) were placed in the first line, on the left of Twelfth Iowa, the left of both lines resting on the Pontotoc and Tupelo road, the right joining the Thirty- third Missouri and Thirty-fifth Iowa (which lay at right angles fronting north-northwest). With the Twelfth Iowa Captain Banks and Lieuten- ant bags companies were advanced to the fence, on rise of ground a few rods in front of original position, and engaged the enemy, who in heavy force amid with terrible fire was advancing upon us. These com- panies fought throughout the day with the gallant Twelfth Iowa. When the ammunition of the first line was exhausted my eight comnpanies (the second line) advanced and relieved them. Many of the noble boys of the Twelfth Iowa remained on the line, whose fire, added to my full line, swelled the volume of musketry on our side. Within fifteem~ mnin- utes after my line opened fire that of the enemy perceptibly slackened, bat did not for a moment intermit during the full hour that we fought them. My men went in with forty rounds of ammunition. When this began to fail I got up a fresh supply. The miserable quality of the powder caused the guns to foul, so that many became unserviceable, the balls sticking half way down. We had fired fifty to sixty rounds when the Twelfth Iowa and may two right companies in turn relieved us. We retired not over five rods. Soon after we charged forward across the field with the Twelfth Iowa, the latter obhiquing to the left Page 273 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPtLO, MISS. 273 my line to the right. The enemys dead were strewn thick on the field before us. His line had fallen back, and after we had advanced a third of a mile, and remaiued perhaps an hour, we returned. We built a bet- ter breast-work, which did us good service the next day, out of the old fence behind which we had fought. Two companies, B and F, were sent out in our front half a mile as a picket. These were relieved at night by Companies D, A, and C. The remaining companies occupied the line of breast-works the remainder of the (lay and night of the 14th and during the attack of the 15th, constituting the first line of our brigade. When the enemy drove in our cavalry the morning of 15th and ad- vanced upon us we were ordered to fix bayonets and reserve fire until the enemy should get within fifty yards, then to rise up, fire, and charge upon him. The enemy caine to the crest of the ridge, 2O~i yards in front of us, from under cover of which and the woods on our right and the trees bordering the road on our left, for about three-quarters of an hour, he poured a heavy fire upon us. The men lay close to the ground behind our low breast-works and were protected. It became evident that the enemy would not advance farther, and we were ordered, with the entire brigade, to charge out on him. This was done with a shout, but the enemy got out of the way faster than we could pursue. The hue halted half a mile out, and Companies E and I of my regi- ment advanced as skirmishers. Lieutenant Hardy, commanding Coin- pany E, a most gallant fellow, was killed in this skirmish line. The enemy had withdrawn, and we were ordered to join the column that had then taken up the line of march on the return. The regiment was not again under fire. The fire of mny right companies, E and I, cut down a flag of the enemy that was picked up by the Thirty-third Mis- souri, the latter first passing over the ground to my right where the flag lay. I gladly testify to the firmness and courage of every officer and man of the regiment. My acknowledgments are specially due Lieutenant- Colonel Bradley, Major Burt, and Adjutant Trader (the latter disabled by sunstroke in the charge on 14th) for gallant and efficient service on the field. Surgeons Ames and Mattock were active and faithful in per- formance of their appropriate duties. Regimental Quartermaster Bol- corn brought forward ammunition, rendering every necessary service in his line. Chaplain Edwards was diligent in caring for the wounded. A report of casualties has heretofore been furnished you, viz, 2 offi- cers and 7 men killed, 52 en listed nuen wounded (1 since died), and 1 nuissing in action. On outward nuarch, July 11, 1 nuau was missing, and on return march, July 20, 1 man severely wounded by accidental dis- charge of gun, making total casualties on expedition 64. Respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. 11. MARSHALL, Colonel, Commanding Seventh ]Jfiunesota Infantry. Lieut. H. HoovER, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. & ~en., Third Brig., First Div., 16th Army 6~orps. No. 15. Report of Lient. Col. William H. Heath, Thirty-third Missouri Infantry. HEADQUAThI~ERS THIRTY-THIRD MISSOURI VOLUNTEERS, La Grange, Tenn., July 21, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the l)art taken by the Thirty-third Missouri Infantry in the skirmish of the 13th in- 18 R RVOL XXXIX~ PT Page 274 274 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. IL stant and the battles of the 14th and Thth instant, at and near Tupelo, Miss.: On the morning of the 13th the regiment was ordered to move in rear of Thirty-fifth Iowa, and was followed by the Seventh Minnesota and Twelfth Iowa, the two latter being disposed upon the flank of the general supply train. During the forenoon the train of Third Brigade was ordered to move between the Thirty-fifth Iowa and Thirty-third Missouri, and I received orders to hold my regiment in readiness to repel an attack of the enemy upon the right flank. Shortly afterward an attack was made upon the Thirty-fifth Iowa in front of me, and that regiment charged the enemy at once, driving him from the position he had assumed. Immediately afterward another body of the enemy at- tacked the Seventh Minnesota and Twelfth Iowa directly in my rear, but not apparently in great force. I immediately ordered Company C, Captain Campbell, out to skirmish the woods upon the right flank, and while arranging to meet an attack on my line, or to move back to sup- port, if necessary, the regiments of the brigade engaged, I received orders from Colonel Woods, commanding brigade, to move forward at once with tIme train, this order being succeeded directly by an order to move double-quick and get the train as far on as possible. I had moved less than half a mile when orders overtook inc to halt by the roadside and allow the train to pass, this order being succeeded by an- other to move back double-quick to the aid of the brigade. This last order was countermanded before there was time to execute it, and I was again ordered to move forward. Arriving at a line of battle composed of troops of the Second Brigade, I was ordered by General Mower, commanding division, to mnove into position on the right of Second Bri- gade. Afterward, when the column again moved forward, I was ordered to report back to Third Brigade. No further attack was made during the march upon my portion of the line. Casualties reported this day: Wounded, 1; missing, 1; total, 2. On tIme morning of 14th instant, at about 7 oclock I received orders to form the regiment in rear of Seventh Minnesota, at right angles with the line of that regiment, and act as a reserve. At about 8 oclock the enemy made a general attack upon our lines, moving a strong line to attack a commanding position on my right, held by the Fourth Brigade, evidently designing to turn our right and gain possession of the main road in our rear. My line was at right angles with tlme line of Fourth Brigade, and completely emifiladed the advancing force of the enemy, which was permitted to come within short range, when I opened fire fromn cover simultaneously with Fourth Brigade, my men lying fiat upon the ground and suffering but slight loss. The enemy was effectually broken by the concentrated fire, and fled in confusion, our fire follow- ing them for from ~00 to 700 yards. Iii a very few minutes a new and much stronger line was observed forming in front of the same position, and notwithstanding this line was within short range of our artillery and constantly shelled from the timmie it was developed, it completed its formation amid advanced to the assault in gallamit style. As before, our musketry fire was held until the enemy came to withumi 200 or 300 yards, when several volleys were delivered with excellemit effect, followed by a general charge of our entire line. The emmemys last line was destroyed, and he retreated in time greatest confusion, leaving. his dead and wounded on the field. In this charge Capt. William J. McKee, coin- nmanding Company ID, was ordered to deploy his compaimy as skir- mishers to cover a gap left between the Twelfth Iowa and Thirty-third Missouri, and came upon a party of the enenmys sharpshooters, who Page 275 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 275 lie charged aud drove from cover, killing and wouIIl(img several of them, and capturing a rebel color (supposed to have belonged to the Sixth Mississippi), which the enemy were endeavoring to recover from the hand of their dead color bearer. Casualties of the regiment Killed, 1; wounded, 18; total, 19. On the morning of the 13th 1 received orders to form the same frout as on the 14th, but about 10() yards to the left of my previous position and to reserve lire until the enemy arrived within fifty yards. At about 9.80 a. m. the cavalry, who ha(l been skirmishing in our front, retired to the rear of our lines, followed by the enemys skirmishers, who took advantageous positions at 75 and 100 yards, and kept up a continual fire upon such of our men as were exposed, their main line advancing to position for a charge under their cover. At this moment a heavy volley from the Fourth ~Bri ~ade, which ocen- pied the same position to my line as on the previons day, gave warning of onr strength and position to the enemy, who immediately commenced to withdraw his main line, at the same time advancing his skirmishers, who opened a hotter tire than before. Perceiving that the main line would not come to within the prescril)ed distance (fifty yards), I imme- diately ordered three sharpshooters from each company of the regiment to reply to the enemys skirmishers (whose fire had already killed amid wounded 7 of mny men), and thus succeeded in a frw moments in silenc- ing ammd driving them back, killing and woundin ~ more than double the number I had lost. As the enemys skirmishers retired a gemieral charge of our line was ordered, and the enemy driven from the field in great confusion, after suffering heavy loss. Casualties in the regimnent: Killed, 1; wounded, 14; total, 15 (2 wounded since died). Recapitula- tion: Killed, 2; wounded, 33; missing, 1; total, 36. I desire especially to coummend the indomitable cheerfulness and gallamintry of both officers and mcmi during the entire expedition, endur- ing the hardships of a umost fatiguing muarchm, five days of the time upon one-third rations, and mnaking charges upon double-quick for several humidred yards nuder a broiling midday sun. Their gallantry imi battle also deserves especial mention, for they faithfully obeyed every order, not least among whichi was that to reserve their fire when their com- rades were falling amnong theum from the cowardly fire of the enemys lurking slmarpshooters. Every officer present did his whole duty. In order that credit may fall where it is due, I give the name and commuand of each: Maj. George W. Van Beek, AdJt. S. Edward Day, Snrg. A. T. Bartlett, operating surgeon at division hospital; Asst. Surg. M. Kile, on duty with Thirty-fifth Iowa; Quartermaster L. Armstrong, in charge of train and amnumunition; A. J. Camnpbell, captain Company C, commanding company; William J. McKee, captain Comnpany D, commanding company; George H. Tracy, captain Comupammy I, com- manding company; Ehias S. Schenek, captain Company K, comumanding company; Henry Rose, captain Comnpany II, comumnanding company; Hemiry H. Knowlton, first lieutenant Compaimy K, commanding Com- pany B; Henry Cochran, first lieutenant Company H, comnmanding Company A; Thomas Rutledge, first lieutenant Comnpaiiy G, command- ing company; Charles L. Draper, first lieutenant Company E, com- manding comupany; Edgar L. Allen, second hieutemmammt Compamiy F, comumnanding company; Isaac S. Coe, first lieutenant Company I, slightly woumided on 14th instant, but rejoined his company before the charge was made; Commnissary Sergt. J. William Wells, active in supplying ammunition. Every non-commissioned officer and private present wit Page 276 276 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. the regiment during the battles did good and meritorious service. Several cases of sunstroke occnrred during the battles of 14th and 15th, which prostrated, the sufferers during the remainder of the march. For a full list of casualties I w diately after the fights.* , ould refer you to the list sent in imme- I am, sir, your obedient servant, WM. H. HEATH, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Lient. HENRY HOOVER, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Brigade, First Division. No. 1(3. Report of Col. Lyman ill. Ward, Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry, com manding Fourth Brigade. HDQRS. FOURTh I3RIG., FIRST DIV., 16TH AR1~IY CORPS Miemphis, Tenn., July 24, iSGI. CAPTAIN: I have the lion or to submit the Thllowing report of the part taken by my command in the recent expedition to Tupelo: The Fourth Brigade, consisting of the Fourteenth and Thirty-third Regiments Wisconsin Jufluitry, the non-veteran detachment of the Forty-first Illinois infantry, and Battery M, First Missouri Light Artil- lery, moved out from Memphis to Moscow, Tenn., on the 22d and 24th of June the infantry by rail and the artillery by road. June 27,18(34, marched from Moscow to La Grange. July 5 to July 11, inclusive, my brigade with the rest of the division marched from La Grange, Teun., to Pontotoc, Miss., by way of Ripley. July 13, 1864, the expedition marched from Pontotoc by the Tupelo road. My brigade having the rcnr of the First Division, I was directed by Brigadier-General Mower to guard the general supply train with my mnlantry, the battery to march for that day with the Third Brigade. I divided may command into companies of about twenty-five men each, and distributed it along the right flank of the supply train and the train of my brigade, oime company to each six wagons. Just after cross- ing a little creek, running through a wide bottom about nine miles from Pontotoc, a mid while Colonel Boutons brigade of colored troops was engaged with the enemny imi the rear, I received an order froni General Mower to withdraw the Thirty-third from tlme flank of the train and march it mu rear, taking imumediate command myself; also, to cover tIme flank of the train with the remaining force as far as it would reach, which I did, thus leaving about one-quarter of the train with imo flankers from my command. No demonstration was made upon the train until about 2 p. in., while passing a point where a branch of the Okqlona road intersects the Tupelo road, about eight miles from Tupelo. Here the flankers from the Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry, Lient. Col. James W. Polleys commanding, were ftlriously assaulted by a brigade of the enemys cavalry, which I sabsequently learned was commanded by Colonel Duff; of the Nineteenth [Eighth] Mississippi. The attack was made about a quarter of a mile from the rear of the train. Colonel Polleys assembled his men arl(l held his position gallantly, his line formed parallel with the train facing from the road. I immediately directed Lient. Col. F. S Lovell Infantry, .to muove his , commanding Thirty-third Wisconsin ________________ regiment forward at the double-quick and take * Sec table, p. 254 Page 277 CHAP. LII EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 277 position under cover of a rail-fence within short range of the enemy, his line extending at a right angle from the road. The Thirty-third moved up handsomely under fire to the position assigned it, and opened a murderous fire upon the left flank of the enemy, who was engaging the Fourteenth. I then directed Colonel Polleys to make a charge with his regiment, which he did in fine style, the enemy retreating in haste, leaving his dead on the field and the battle-flag of the Nineteenth [Eighth] Mississippi Cavalry, which was captured and brought oft by Capt. C. M. G. Mansfield, of the Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry. In this affair 5 enlisted men of the Fourteenth were wounded, and 6 or 7 of the Thirty-third. None of my comniand were killed. Several mules were killed, and some wagons were upset or broken by teams which be- came unmanageable. The little damage done was repaired as best it could be, and the column moved on, my command keeping the same relative position to the train that it held before the action. Encamped at 8 p. in., with balance of the division, about two miles from Tupelo. July 14, in the disposition of our forces to meet the expected attack of the enemy, my command was assigned a position facing toward Pontotoc, on a high elevation of ground just to the right of the Tupelo road. My brigade was disposed as follows: The Thirty-third Wiscon- sin Infantry, Lient. Col. F. S. Lovell commanding, on the crest of the hill, the left of the regiment resting at a log-house on the Tupelo road; the Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry, Lient. Col. J. W. Polleys com- manding, and the detachment o( the Forty-first Illinois Infantry, Lieu- tenant Wilson comnmauding, in reserve a few paces in rear of the Thirty- third, and Battery M, First Missouri Light Artillery, Captain Mueller comnmanding, in position immediately on right of the Thirty-third. This disposition was maintained until the advance was ordered, with the ex- ception of the battery, which changed its position during the action by direction of the chief of artillery of the First Division. The country for about a mile directly in my front was undulating and perfectly free - from timber, the highest elevations being where my brigade was posted and in the edge of the timber on the opposite side of the clearing. My skirmishers were posted about one hundred rods in advance of the line, where they remained until the enemy advanced to the assault, which was about 9 a. m. The enemy was unsuccessful in every effort to carry our position, meeting with a disastrous repulse at each advance. At 10.30 oclock I was directed to make a charge with my brigade, which I accordingly did in connection with other troops on my right and left, advancing nearly half a mile and driving the enemy in confusion to the timber. My brigade remained where it was halted until about 1 p. um. I was then directed to move my command back to its former position, where it remained until the army commenced its march to La Grange on the 15th. July 15, skirmishing commenced about 8 a. in. My command was under heavy artillery and musketry fire at different times during the forenoon, but no assault was made by the enemy and my casnalties were comparatively few. At 12 oclock received orders to march, and moved out with the division. At 4 oclock, while going into camp near Town Creek, seven mniles from Tupelo, the enemy, who had followed our forces, opened with artillery upon the train, which was parked near the creek. My brigade was ordered back with the First Brio~ his position, which was done, with a loss to bade to drive him from may command of only 5 or 6 men wounded. From this time until the return of the army to La Grange, on the 21st instant, the operations of my command were iden- tical with those of the First Division Page 278 278 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. The total loss to the Fourth Brigade during the expedition was killed, 7; wounded, 48; missing, 1. In conclusion I cannot speak too highly of the gallant conduct of my command, both officers and mcii. When each did his whole duty it would be invidious to particularize. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. M. WARD, Colonel Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry, Comdg. Brigade. Capt. J. B. SAMPLE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. No. 17. Report of Lient. Orrin IL dram, commanding detachment Battery B, First Illinois Light Artillery. HDQRS. DETACH. Co. E, FIRST ILLINOIS ARTILLERY, In the Field, La Grange, Teun., July 21, 1864. CAPTAIN: In compliance with order from hea.(lqnarters First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, of this date, I have the honor to submit the fol- lowing detailed report of the part taken by detachment Company E, First Illinois Light Artillery (one section of two light 12-pounder guns), nuder my command in late expedition to Tupelo, Miss., nnder Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith: The detachment left La Grange, Tenn., with the advancing army, on the morning of July ~, 1864, and met with nothing outside the ordinary routine of daily march until July 18. On the afternoon of that day, soon after passing an angle on the Pontotoc and Tupelo wagon road, and within six miles of the latter place, the enemy unexpectedly announced his presence by opening a very heavy fire of musketry from ambush, not over twenty-five yards distant from my guns. I immediately or- dered the battery forward at double-quick, the infantry support mov- ing to my front. Proceeding a short distance, I ordered my pieces in battery and opened a rapid fire on the enemy with canister fromu one of them. My other gun was ren(lercd temporarily useless by the fall- ing of one of time wheel horses and tIme impossibility of nuanaging the others so as to get the gun in position for mmnie(hmat( use. While get- fing in battery one of the caissons was upset mud four of the horses at- taclied to it instantly killed. Sooim after opemming with canister I was ordered to the front by Col. William L. McMullen commanding bri- gade, and again opened on the enemy successively with canister, shell, and shrapnel. After being thus emigaged fom h mlf mu hour, and the enemy having been driven back by the infantry I wms ordered to cease Jirimig amud get the battery iii shape to move with the advamicing column, which I did as speedily as possible. The detachment was not in aetiomi on the 14th of July, being held in re- serve. On the morning of the 15th of July the two guns were ordered and went into battery, to assist in covering retreat of the armimy, which had comnmnemiced moving. The enemy occasionally exhibiting himself in mny front, by perumission of Colomuel MeMillen 1 fired a few rounds of shell in hopes of developing his strength in that locality. Soon after I was ordered to limber up and move in the position previously assigned m Page 279 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MJS~. 279 With the brigade. The column advanced some seven miles, without any apparent difficulty, until after crossing Tishontingo Creek, on the Tnpelo and New Albany road, when rapid reports of musketry furnished indubitable evidence that the cavalry in the rear were being engaged With the enemy. Soon after the enemy opened on us with his cannon. I was ordered into position in a corn-field, near the road, and com- inenced replying to their artillery with shell and shrapnel. My practice in tIns position was so accurate that I had the gratification of dis- mounting one of the enemys gnus and killing and wounding several of his men and horses. iReinaining in this position until the infantry had succeeded in driving the enemy back, I was ordered to limber up and recross the creek in rear of infantry. Having obtained an eligible posi- tion in the road, I went into battery with the two guns and engaged the enemy with solid shot, shrapnel, and shell. Remaining in tbis po- sition but a short time, I was ordered to abandon it for one in a large corn-field to my right, where I again went into action. The enemy ceas- ing to return my fire and the infantry having returned from following them, I was ordered to remove the pieces to the rear and take my former position in the column. I have to report the following casualties in my command during the expedition: Say, seriously wounded, 1; slightly wounded, 1; total, 2. In addition to the above I had 6 horses killed an(l 7 wounded. I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. W. CRAM, Second Lieutenant, Comm c(ndinf/ Detachment Company B. Capt. J. B. SAMPLE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. No. 18. Report of Col. David Moore, Twenty-first Missouri Infantry, command ing Third Division. IIDQRs. THIRD DIVISION, SIXTEENTH ARMY CoRPS, Memphis, Teun., July 30, 18G4. MAJOR: I have the honor to make the following report of the action, marches, and part taken by the troops of the Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, in the late expedition to Tupelo, Miss.: In comni)liance with orders from the general counnanding Right Wing, Sixteenth Army Corps, as fast as the troops of the division were paid, I moved them by rail to Moscow, Tenim., and encamped near the river. On the 27th of June the conmmnand was niarched to La Grange, Teun., a distance of eleven miles, and agreeable to orders en camped near Wolf River, at which place we renmained till the evening of 5th of July, when the comuniand was marched to Davis Mills, a distance of six miles, start- ing early on the morning of the 6th instant, preceded by the First Divis- ion, Sixteenth Army Corps, for Pontotoc, Miss. While there the coni- mnan(l was ainmost constantly kept under arms on account of the enemy firing upon the pickets. Left Pontotoc, Miss., for Tupelo on the 13th instant. Upon arriving at Tupelo, Miss., First and Third Brigades, com- manded, respectively, by Col. C. I). Murray, of the Eighty-ninth Indian Page 280 280 KY., SW~ VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. (CHAP. LI. Infantry Volunteers, and Col. E. II. Wolfe, of the Fifty-second Indiana Infantry, were encamped in line of battle on the left of the Tupelo road, the Second Brigade, commanded by Col. James I. Gilbert, of the Twenty- seventh Iowa Infantry Volunteers, being encamped in the rear and on the left flank of the supply train as guard for the train. On the morning of the 14th of July, heavy firing having been heard on the picket-posts, I ordered a line of skirmishers to be formed in front of my command. At 7 a. in., after drawing in our skirmishers, the enemy appeared in considerable force in front of the First Bri- gade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, commanded by Co]. C. ID. Murray, of the Eighty-ninth Indiana Infantry Volunteers, with the unmistakable intention of capturing the batteries and driving our line of battle in perfect disorder. The enemy were permitted to ad- vance in solid columiis upon our line through an open field. Our lines being concealed from their view by the brow of the hill, we were not discovered until the enemy had reached a point about twenty paces distant, when the troops of the First Brigade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps (composed of the One hundred and twenty- second Illinois Infantry Volunteers, commanded by Col. J. I. Iiinaker; the Eighty-ninth Indiana Infantry Volunteers, commanded by Lieu- tenant-Colonel Craven the Fifty-eighth Illinois Infantry Volunteers, commanded by Captain Heelan; the Twenty-first Missouri Infantry Vol- unteers, commanded by Lieut. Col. Edwin Moore the One hundred and nineteenth Illinois Infantry Volunteers, commanded by Col. Thomas J. Kinney), sprang to their feet, and, with a yell like that of demons, rushed forward, pouring into the ranks of the advancing foe a desperate volley of musketry, causing them to flee in the utmost disorder, exclaiming, My God! my God! The Third Indiana Battery, commanded by Lieutenant Burns, which was posted on the right of the First Brigade, and Battery G, Second Illinois Light Artillery, together with the Fifty- second Indiana Infantry Volunteers, and the One hundred and seventy- eighth New York Infantry Volunteers, commanded by Col. E. H. Wolfe, of the Fifty-second Indiana Infantry Volnuteers, did admirable execution by the right and left oblique firing, causing the enemy to beat a hasty retreat in the utmost confusion. For about three hours the enemy kept shelling my lines, but was vigorously replied to by the batteries above mentioned, and with the effect of silencing one of his batteries, and compelling another to move out of range, which rendered their fire comparatively harmless. After pursuing the retreating enemy to the foot of the hill in front of our position, my lines halted, and for a few moments continued firing upon the scattered fugitives. They were then, after all resistance had ceased on the part of the enemy, ordered to march back to their original position in line of battle, which they did in good order. Too much praise cannot be awarded to Col. J. I. Rinaker and the officers and men of the One hundred and twenty- second Illinois Infantry Volunteers for the gallant manner in which they met the fire of the advancing foe. The above-named regiment being posted on the right of the First Brigade, Third Division ,Sixteenth Army Corps, and immediately on the left of the First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, by cross-firing on the colniuns advancing in front of the First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, dealt a deadly and murderous ii cc. For the balance of the day the enemy left us undisturbed until Di p. in., when, after driving in our l)ickets, a considerable force of the enemy caine charging in on the left of the Third Brigade, evidently with the design of driving us from our eminence. The One hundred an Page 281 CHAP. LI.] 281 EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. seventeenth Illinois Infantry Yolunteers, commandea oy Col. IR. M. Moore, of the Third Brigade, by order of Col. E. II. Wolfe, commanding brigade, moved by the~ left oblique, and in this attack bore a most im- portant part, and to them due credit should be awarded for the prompt manner in which they met and repulsed the enemy on that occasion. The Second Brigade, commanded by Col. James I. gilbert (composed of the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry Volunteers, commanded by Capt. William J. Campbell; the Twenty-fourth Missouri Infantry Volunteers, commanded by Maj. IR. W. Fyan; the Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, coniinanded by Capt. Amos Haslip; and the Thirty-second Iowa In- fantry Volunteers, commanded by Maj. Jonathan ilutchison), being held in reserve, were not engaged until about 10 p. in., when heavy skir- mishing was heard on the left of the Third Brigade. The brigade was pushed forward in quick time, and deployed under a severe fire of the enemy, driving them and occupying the original position, said position being held for the remainder of the night. On the 15th instant, at 10 a. in., I was ordered to abandon my posi- tion and move my command on the Tupelo road in the direction of Ellistown. In the afternoon, while halting west of Old Town Creek, the enemy appeared, and taking possession of a commanding position, commenced shelling our train. I immediately ordered Col. James I. Gilbert with his brigade to recross the creek, which order was promptly obeyed. The line scaled a fence, waded a stream, nearly waist deep, of water and mud, through the thick brush and timber; waded a second stream, as deep as the first, to the edge of a large field of growing corn, where they canine in full sight of the rebel line, which, with its battle-flags waving in the sunlight, was boldly and firmly ad- vancing, pouring in a destructive fire. The day being very hot, many of the men dropped by sunstroke, but by vigorous exertions of the gal- lant brigade commander, James I. Gilbert, the enemy was driven from his position with a loss of many killed and wounded. The Third Bri- gade, commanded by Col. E. H. Wolfe, of the Fifty-second Indiana Infantry Volunteers, was ordered across the creek to the support of the Second Brigade, where it took position on a ridge and on the right of the Second Brigade, where it remained until 6 oclock next ninorning. The enemy not reappearing, I was ordered to withdraw my command and take my position in the column en route for Ellistown. On the 17th instant left camp near Ellistown for La Grange, arriv- ing there on the 21st instant, passing through New Albany and Salem. On the 22d instant I was ordered to proceed to Collierville, where my command took the cars for Memphis, Teun., arriving the same day, distance marched by the command being 276 nudes. To all officers and men of the command I desire to return my heart- felt thanks for the able manner and soldierly conduct exhibited during this expedition. To Col. C. D. Murray, commanding First Brigade; Col. Janmes I. Gilbert, commamiding Second Brigade; and Col. E. II. Wolfe, commanding Third Brigade, I have to express my warmest thanks and admiration for the gallantry displayed on the field and on the march. To Lieut. James B. Comstock, acting assistant adjutant-general of the Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, specially I would say he has my heartfelt thanks for the heroic manner in which he conducted himself; ever present in the thickest of the fight, rendering all the as- sistance in his power to effect the object of the day. To Lient. Charles H. Sweeney, Lieut. Henry C. Raymond, and Lieutenant. Dustiim, of my personal staff, I tender my sincere thanks for the able manner in which they discharged their duties Page 282 282 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [chAp. tI~ A list of the casualties of my command has been furnished to the major-general commanding.* I have the honor to be, major, very respectftully, your obedient servant, D. MOOIRE, Colonel Twenty-first Missouri Infty. Vols., ~7ommanding Divmsmon. Maj. JOHN HOUGH, Assistant Adjutant- General, Right Wing, Sixtee~ith Army Corps. No. 19. Report of ~iJol. Charles D. Murray, Eighty-nmnth Indiana Infantry, com manding First Brigade. HDQR$. FIRST BRIG., THIRD Div., RIGHT WING 10TH A. C., Memphis, Ten~n., July 25, 1864. GENERAL: In accordance with the order of the colonel commanding the division, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this brigade in the action with the enemy at Tupelo, Miss., on the 14th instant: The Third Division being in the advance on the 13th on our march from Pontotoc, Miss., en route for Tupelo, we had arrived within a mile of the town of Tupelo when very heavy firing in the rear indicated a heavy attack on our train, and notice also having been received from General Mower, commanding First Division, having in charge our train, we were halted and line of battle formed. The First Brigade was formed in line of battle, the right resting on the Tupelo and Pontotoc road, in the following order: One hundred and twenty-second Illinois, Colonel Itinaker commanding, on the right; Eighty-ninth Indiana Volunteers, LientenaupColonel Craven commanding; Fifty-eighth Illinois Volun- teers, Captain Heelan; Twenty-first Missouri Volunteers, Lient. Col. Edwin Moore commanding, and One hundred and nineteenth Illinois Volunteers, Col. Thomas J. Kinney, on the left, the line extending hearly south from the Pontotoc road. In this position the line bivouacked for the night. Early on the morning of the 14th the line was advanced some 300 yards toward Pontotoc to a more advantageous position, preserving the same order in line. At this point, immediately on my right, two pieces of artillery were put in position (who commanded and what artil- lery it was I did not learn). Immediately on the left of the One hun- dred and twenty-second Illinois three pieces of the Third indiana Bat- tery were placed in position on an elevated ridge, having fair command of the enemys anticipated position; one gun so placed as to bear toward the point of the left of my line, and two others to the front and right oblique. The whole line of infantry was placed so as to be con- cealed from the view of the enemy by the nature of the ground, grow- ing corn, and bushes. At about the hour of 9 a. in. the enemy, having driven in the cavalry and our line of infantry skirmishers, advanced in line of battle to the attack, their right extending nearly to the extreme left of my position, in our front being an extensive and open, cleared field, giving us a view of the approaching line. When the enemy had approached within perhaps 100 yards the line was ordered to rise up and advance, which they did with the greatest gallantry and courage, meeting on the crest of the hill the advancing and confident enemy with such a line of fire as to compel them, without scarcely firing a gun, to about face and retreat in the utmost disorder. Our line continued to follow them up, pouring deadly volleys into their rapidly thinning ranks. ~ See table, p. 255 Page 283 GIUP. Ltd EXPZMTION TO TUPELO, MISS. 283 After pursuing them to the foot of the bill m front of our position, my line halted and for a few minutes continued to fire upon the scattered fugitives. They were then, after all resistance had ceased on the part of the enemy, ordered to fall back to their original position in line, which they did in good order. At the time of the advance of theleftof the line just referred to the right (the One hundred and twenty-second Illinois) also advancedtfarough the corutothe fence in theirfront, where they halted and for over two hours coittinued to pour into the enemys ranks a deadly fire of musketry. The right of my line was dfreotly fronting the chutch and other buildings in the deserted village of Har- risburg, where the enemyattem ted. re tedly to force and hold aposi- tion, but the fire from the One hundred and twenty-second Illinois and the battery compelled them to abandon any serious effort in that direc- tion, and their fire after that was a straggling one from sharpshooters concealed in and about the church at other hiding places. At the commencement of the general attack the enemy attempted anddidform several lines in a wooded field on the right of the Pontotoc road, ditectlyinfrontofthe po~itionof General Mowers left brigade, which had ite left resting on the Pontotoc road. The entire artillery it lay he, with the One hundred and twenty-second Illinois occupying my right, opened up and continued most of the time of the action a mur derous cross-fireon the enezayin that wooded field, and contributed very much to the glorious results of the day in driving back and repulsing the enemy from their position. The resultwas a glorious triumph to our arms and a disastrous defeat to a foe who had conceived the idea of an easy triumph. Mycasualties in the action were comparatively very trifling (a list of whichltrausmitherewith), amounting to about 80 killed and wounded, the heaviest portion falling on the One hundred and twenty-second Illinois, who were longest in action and exposed to a more deadly fire of artillery and musketry. A considerable portion of tho wounds were of the slightest character; several of theciwes were doing duty in the ranks. Lu the charge on the left of myline the enemyleftabout 60 killed and a much larger number of wounded on the field. The wounded who were too seriously ixUured to get awaywere afterward gathered up and sent to the hospital. We also took some 35 prisoners. If I should attempt toname the officersand men of mycommandwho did their duty nobly on that day I should be compelled to furnish you with complete rosters and muster-rolls of the command. All did their duty nob and well.. To the officers of my s4aff Lient. Samuel D. Sawyer, acting assistant adjutant-general; Lient H. McLean, acting assistant inspector-general; Lientenant Russell, acting aide-de-cain; en John 3. Ohubb, acting ordnance officer, I was much indebted for their gallantry and prompt- ness in discharging their duty. In the night attack on the left of our main line my command was not involved. To CoL E. H. Wolfe, commanding Third Brigade, we were much indebted for the active use of his Bodman guns on the ad- vancing he in our frqnt. They were used very effectively and con- tributed to unsettle the enemy in his steady advance. I have the houor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. D. MURRAY Qolond Eighty-ninth luMen I~ntry ~ Oousdg. Brig. As. Brig. Gen. L THoxAs, A4jutantGeserd lii. Army. Embodied in table, p. 35 Page 284 2~4 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. No. 20. Report of Col. Thomas J. Kinney, One hundred and nineteenth Illinois Infantry. HEADQUARTERS 119TH ILLINOIS INFANTRY VOLS., ]lfeinjphis, Teun., July 28, 1864. SIR: I would respectfully present the following report of the part taken by my regiment in the late battle of Tupelo, Miss., on the 14th instant, to wit: The line was formed about 6 a. in., the right of our brigade resting on the Pontotoc road, as follows: One hundred and twenty-second Illi- nois next from right to left, the Third Indiana Battery, Eighty-ninth Indiana, Fifty-eighth Illinois, Twenty-first Missouri, and the One hun- dred and nineteenth Illinois on the left of the line. At about 7 oclock the cavalry were driven in. We then advanced a strong line of skir- mishers covering my front, which was driven in about 9 oclock. My men were sheltered by an elevation of ground in front, completely con- cealing us from the view of the rebels, who steadily advanced until within some fifty yards of our line, when I gave the order to rise up, fire, and charge them. The first volley given by my line caused them to halt, turn back at double-quick, while we followed, pouring in a murderousfireasweadvanced,andcoveringthegroundwithdeadand wounded in our front. After advancing our line some 300 or 400 yards into the field we halted for a short time, then moved back to the posi- tion originally occupied by us, taking with us many prisoners, and leaving the rebel wounded on the field. After falling back I advanced two companies as skirmishers in our front, and then went out in person to look after the wounded. While engaged in the humane act of ad- ministering to the wounded rebels on the field, we were fired upon by the enemy from the woods, some 300 yards distant. This caused us to cease our acts of kindness for a time, but after a time we resumed the efforts, and succeeded in carrying from the field all the wounded, who were duly cared for by our surgeons. This ended the engagement in our front, and we only remained under arms during time rest of the day and following night. The Twenty-first Missouri InfantryVolunteers was formed on my right and charged with us, they, too, capturing many prisoners. I think I can say with safety that this regiment and my own captured nearly all the prisoners taken in the fight of that day. I am unable to say how many were taken by either of the regiments, as no count was kept of the number. This much I can say, that the rebels were badly punished, and would not like to renew the attack with anything like equal numbers. It is proper here to call time attention of the ordnance department to the inefficiency of our ainmunnition, both in quality and quantity. The rebels have a decided advantage over us in that particular, their car- tridges containing one-third more powder and of a much better quality than ours. They fire with greater effect a distance of 800 yards thami we do at 600 yards. I am fully satisfied that there is a great injustice being done the Government, by the failure of contractors or officers in charge of arsenals, in the manner of preparing our ammunition, and think it should be attended to at once. The officers and men under my command all did their duty bravely and well, for which I tender my thanks. THOMAS J. KINNEY, Colonel, Comman ding Regiment. Lient. SAMUEL JI~. SAWYER, Actg. Asat. ~tdjt. Gen., 1st Brig., 3d Div., 16th Army Corps Page 285 CHkP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 285 No. 21. Report of Lieut. Cot. Edwin Moore, Twenty-first Missouri Infantry. IIDQRS. TWENTY-FiRST MISSOURI INFANTRY VOLS., Memphis, Tenn., July 31, 1864. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report the part taken by the Twenty-first Missouri Infantry Volunteers at the battle of Tupelo, on the 14th of July, 1864: About 6 a. m. we were formed in line of battle with the brigade, the One hundred and nineteenth Illinois being on our left, and the Fifty- eighth Illinois on our right. About 7.30 a. m. the enemy opened on us with artillery, which continued until about 9 a. in., when they advanced their infantry in line of battle, driving in our skirmishers precipitately. They came within thirty paces of oar line, when I gave the order to fire, and immediately afterward to advance. The fire was well directed and took the enemy by surprise, who fled in great disorder, with the regiment in close pursuit, and for fifteen or twenty minutes a continu- ous and deadly fire was poured in upon them. Its effect was visible on the field. There being no enemy in sight, after advancing about 450 yards we retired to our former position, and were not attacked again during the day, although frequently subjected to a heavy artillery lire. The officers and men of the command behaved with the utmost gal- lantry, obeying every order with that promptness which insures success. Our loss was 1 killed and 15 wounded, a report of which has already been forwarded. I have the honor to, lieutenant, yours, respectfully, EDWIN MOORE. Lieatenant- Colonel Corn Lieut. S. P. SAWYER, , manding. Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 1st Brig., 3d Div., 16th Army Corps. No. 22. Reports of Cot. James I. Gilbert, Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, corn manding Second Brigade. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIG., THIRD DIV., 16TH ARMY CORPS, Memphis, Teun., July 24, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Second Brigade in the late battle with the enemy, on the 14th instant, near Tupelo, Miss.: About 6 oclock on the morning of the 14th I was notified by the gen- eral commanding that the infantry of my brigade, consisting of the Fourteenth Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Capt. William J. Campbell; the Twenty-fourth Missouri Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Maj. Robert W. Fyan; the Twenty-seventh Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Capt. Amos M. ilaslip; and the Thirty-second Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Maj. Jonathan Hutchison, would be held in reserve, and npou it would devolve the duty of protecting the train parked on the left ot the Pon- totoc amid Tupelo road. The Third Indiana Battery, Lient. II. Burns comumnanding, had been already ordered into position in the front. My line was formed upomi the left flank of the train, in the following order, from right to left: Twenty-fourth Missouri, Twenty-seventh, Fourteenth Page 286 286 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. and Thirty-second Iowa. I immediately ordered the regiment oii the left to change front to the rear, cautioning the others to be prepared for the same movement, and threw out a heavy line of skirmishers, extend- ing from the flank entirely to the rear of my line and the train. About 7 a. m. I was ordered by Colonel Moore, commanding Third Division, to send forward two regiments of my command to support the right of his division, then heavily pressed by the enemy. I immediately sent forward the Twenty-fourth Missouri and Twenty-seventh Iowa, under command of Major Fyan of the Twenty-fourth Missouri. About 8 a. m. I was ordered by General Smith to move the residne of my command across the Tupelo road and form line upon the right flank of the Eleventh Missouri, which was promptly executed under quite a severe artillery fire from the enemy. This position was held until 12 in., when I was ordered to move across the field and hold my command in sup- port of the left of the front line. At 5.30 p. in. a column of the enemy was reported advancing upon our left, and I was ordered to deploy my brigade upon the extreme left of the front line. I inimediately executed this order, occupyimig an excellent position jtmst behind the crest of a high hill, which commanded the whole field; 1 threw out a line of skir- nmishers upon the next hill in advance. Just after sunset, no enemy appearing, I was ordered to leave a heavy picket and withdraw the main line imito caump half a mile to the rear. About 9 oclock in time evening my pickets commenced skirmishing with the enemy. Without awaiting orders, I immediately ordered the command under arms, and rode out to ascertain the strength of the attack. Fimiding the pickets were driven in and that a heavy column of the enemy were advancing to force our position on the line, I ordered up my command in quick timne, deployed under a severe musketry fire from the enemy, marched rapidly forward, driving the enemy, and occupied our original position upon the left of the advanced line. This I)Osition was held during the night without further attack. On the morning of the 15th my command was withdrawn and ordered to take up the line of march on the Ripley road. The officers and men throughout the entire conunand conducted themselves in a highly creditable manner. I desire especially to nien- tion the excellent service of the Third Indiana Battery. Lieutenant Burns with his command, consisting of four guns (two 12-pounder Napoleons and two 6-pounder Janmes rifled), was l)osted in front of tIme First Brigade, Third Division. About 6 oclock in the morning, when the enemy first appeared in heavy force, the battery shelled them with munch effect. Soon afterward one gun, a 6-pounder James rifled, nuder charge of Lieut. Philip McPherson, was ordered into position upon the right of the First Brigade. The enemy now advammeed in strong force and charged our lines imi that part of the field, whemi all four pieces from the battery opened upon them with great rapidity, and, as the field proves, with telling effect. Lieutenant McPherson was seriously wounded whilst perforuming his duty at his post. Lieutenant Burns, commanding the battery, cannot receive too much praise for his good conduct on the field. Appended is the list of casualties.* I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, JAMES I. GILBERT, Colonel Comma Lient. JAMES B. COMSTOCIC, nding Brigade. Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. ~Nomina1 list (omitted) shows 1 killed and 29 woimded Page 287 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 287 HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., THIRD Div., 1GTH ARMY CORPS, In the Field, near La Grange, Teun., July 22, 1864. SIR: In relation to the part taken by the Second Brigade in the late engagement at 014 Town Creek, Miss., on the 15th instant, I have the honor to make the following report: We had camped on the north side of 01(1 Town Creek, when, abont 5 p. iu., the enemy attacked the rear of the column, and from a high hill, some three-quarters of a mile npon the opposite side of the creek, com- mcnccd shelling onr camp. I received orders to move ont the infantry of my command, consisting of the Fourteenth Iowa, Capt. William J. Campbell commanding; Twenty-seventh Iowa, Capt. Amos M. ilaslip commanding; Thirty-second Iowa, Maj. Jonathan ilutchison com- manding; and Twenty-fourth Missouri, MaJ. iR. W. Fyan commanding, to meet him. I immediately marched out upon the road leading back toward the creck, and was ordered to deploy my command upon the right of the Thirty-third Regiment Wisconsin Infantry, in a field of growing corn npon time right of the Tupelo road. I had hardly deployed the Fourteenth and Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, when I received orders to move forward in line in double-quick time. Sending a staff officer to bring forward the other two regiments, I threw out a line of skirmishers in front, and obeyed the order with all possible prompti- tude. The line scaled the fence, waded a stream nearly waist deep in water and mnd, through the thick brush and timber; waded the second stream, as deep as the first, and on through the belt of timber to the edge of a large field of growing corn, where it came in full sight of the rebel line which, with its battle-flags waving in the sunlight, was boldly and firmly advancing, pouring in a destructive fire. I at once with- drew the skirmishers to the main line, and ordered it to fire and ad- vance. The whole line poured in a volley, raised a shout, scaled the fence, and pressed steadily forward in the open field, firing as they ad- vanced. The ground was rough and ascending; the day was very hot. By the time the line had reached the center of the field many had dropped on the ground from heat and exhaustion, unable to rise; imot a few had been borne back wounded. The ranks had been somewhat thimined, and the rebel line in front, in excellent position, yet held firni and kept up a continuous and severe fire. Perceiving that I might be easily flanked upon the right should my line be munch farther advanced, I sent a staff officer to find out where and why the other two regiments of my command had been detained, and to bring them forward on the right with all possible dispatch. By this time the enemy began to waver and fail back, when our men raised another cheer and pushed onward up the hill, firing rapidly, amid, the field proved, as we advanced over it, with excellent effect. The enemy failed to reform his line, but kept up quite a sharp fire nutil driven over the hill. My line steadily advanced to the farther side of the field, over another fence, up through the broken timber to the crest of the hill, when the firing ceased, and I ordered the line to halt. Skirmishers were thrown out, and the ex- hausted but triumphant line permitted to sit down amid rest. The other two regiments now came up, who were deployed upon the right, breaking somewhat to the rear. The enemy were driven beyond sight and no more firing occurred, except a few desultory slmots from tlme pickets. I held this position until sundown, when I was ordered to move to the left and some 500 yards to the rear, where I lay all night, time left of my line resting across the Tupelo road. About sunrise next mornimig it was re- ported that the enemy was moving in upon the left, when I moved a~aiu to the left and formed line about 200 yards from and nearly parallel to th Page 288 288 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. Tupelo road. No enemy, however, appeared, except a few pickets, and about 6.30 a. in. I was ordered to niove my command across the creek and take up the line of march upon the Tupelo road. The enemy left 17 dead bodies upon that part of the field over which my two regiments passed. I have to express my warmest thanks and admiration to both officers and men of the Fourteenth and Twenty-seventh Iowa for the gallantry which they displayed throughout the long charge up hill, under a severe fire, driving the enemy with heavy loss nearly three-quarters of a mile from a strong covered position; and to Lieutenant Donnan, of my staff; especially, I would say he has my heartfelt thanks for the heroic mamin- ner in which he conducted himseli ever present in the thickest of the fight, rendering all the assistance in his power to effect the grand ob- ject which was so well achieved. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, JAMES I. GILBEI~T, Lient. JAMES B. COMSToCK, Golonel, Commanding Brigade. Actg. Asst. Adjt. Uen., Third Division, 16th Army Corps. No. 23. Reports of Surg. John B. Sanborn, Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, Senior ASvurgeon Second Brigade, of casualties July 1415. Report of killed and wounded of Second Brigade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, at battle of Tupelo, Miss., July 14, 1864. Command. Killed. Died 5everely 5lightly since, wounded. wounded. 24th Regiment Missouri Infantry 5 14th Regiment Iowa Infantry i 2 1 27th Regiment Iowa Infantry 1 2 32d Regiment Iowa Infantry 2 2 3d Indiana Battery 2 Total 1 7 10 J. E. SANBORN, Surgeon Twenty-seventh Iowa infantry and Senior Surg. Brigade. Report of killed and wounded of Second Brigade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, at the battle of [Old] Town Creek, Miss., J ly 15, 1864. Command. Killed Died Severely 5lightly on field, since. wounded. wounded. 24th Regiment Missouri Infantry 14th Regiment Iowa Infantry 1 1 3 8 27th Regiment Iowa Infantry 1 32d Regiment Iowa Infantry 8 3d Indiana Battery Total 2 2 9 16 Summary of both battles.Killed, 3; died since, 2; severely wonuded, 16; slightly wounded, 26; total, 47,* J. B. SANBOJIN, Surgeon Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry and Senior Surg. Brigade. * l3ut sec tabulation from nominal list, p. 255 Page 289 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS 289 No. 24. Report of Capt. William J. Campbell, Fourteeftth Iowa Infantry. lln~us. FOURTEENTH IOWA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, Camp near Memphis, Teun., July 30, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to report the part taken by the Four- teenth Jowa Yolnnteer Infantry in the battles of Tupelo and [Old] Town Creek, Miss., on the 14th and 15th days of July, 1864, with a list of casualties which occurred dnring the two engagements. At the battle of Tupelo, on the 14th instant, my regiment being with the brig~Xde which had been assigned to dnty as train gnard, therefore, was not in the engagement dnring the day, bnt being in range of the rebel guns my loss was 1 man killed and 2 wounded. At dark we had gone into camp in the edge of a swamp near where we had been sta- tioned during the day. In a few minutes after the rebels made an advance, my regimi~nt was ordered out with the rest of the brigade to help drive them off, which was soon done. During this advance my loss was 1 man wounded. We formed line where part of our troops had been stationed during the day, and remained until morning with- out further annoyance. On the 15th instant we marched from the battle-field at Tupelo to [Old] Town Creek, eight or ten miles distant, and were about going into camp when the rebels made a rush forward, driving our rear guard of cavalry into the camp of infantry, then planted a battery and at once commenced shelling our camp. In a few minutes I received orders to have my regiment formed for immediate action. This being done, the brigade was moved out and formed into line of battle in a swamp, and then advanced, wading [Old] Town Creek, which was about two feet deep. After passing through the swamp and creek we reached a corn-field, and there met the enemy. Our boys moved forward with a yell, which gave the rebels such a shock that their lines were at once broken, and their men so terrified that their officers could not rally them to make a stand, although trying it several times. The rebels were driven off in about half an hour, and the field left in our possession. During this engage- ment many of my men, who were already much fatigued by the march of the day and the excessive hot sun, were overcome with heat and dropped out of ranks, the charge being over three-quarters of a mile iu length and through a corn-field, but nearly all came up and joined their respective companies as soon as circumstances would permit. In this engagement the regiment lost 2 killed and 15 wounded, mak- ing a total loss in the two days battle of 3 killed and 18 wounded. The officers and men of this regiment who were in each engagement have my warmest thanks for the manner in which they conducted them- selves during the battles and on the march during the whole expedi- tion. It is hard to compliment without doing injustice to some where every one is trying to do his duty. The following is a list of casualties.* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. J. CAMPBELL, 6~aptain, tJommanding Fourteenth Iowa Volunteer 1nfantry~ Col. JAMES I. GILBERT, Comdg, Second Brigade, Third Division, 16th Army Corps. * Nominal list (omitted) shows 3 enlisted men killed and 18 wounded. Another ~ list shows 1 killed and 16 wounded; see table, p. 255. 19 R RYOL XXXIX~ PT Page 290 290 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. No. 25. Reports of Ca~pt. Amos M. Haslip, Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry. HDQRS. TWENTY-SEVENTH IREGT. IOWA VOL. INFANTRY, In the Field, near La Grange, Tenn., July 21, 1864. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report the part taken by the Twenty-seventh Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry in the engagement at Tupelo, Miss., July 14, 1864. At 7 a. m. the regiment was ordered to the front to report to Major Fyan, Twenty-fourth Missonri Infantry. I had moved up, reported, and taken position in line of battle immediately in the rear of the ad- vance line, when I was ordered by Colonel Moore, commanding division, to move by the right flank to support the right. I immediately coin- plied with the order. We remained in this position a half hour, when I was ordered by General Smith to move to the rear to support the left. I moved to comply with the order, and when back a quarter of a mile was met by an officer of Colonel Moores staff, who halted my com- mand and ordered me to move to the right of the wagon train. About 1 p. m. I moved with the brigade to the left of the wagon train, where we remained until 4 p. in., when I was ordered by Colonel Gilbert, com- manding brigade, to move to the support of the left of the advance line. In this new position we remained until sunset, when I moved again to the left of the train and camped in line of battle. At 9 p. in. I moved in the right center of the brigade to our former position, left advance line, where we remained during the night of the 14th. The men made the fight bravely and well. The following is a list of casualties.* A. M. HASLIP, Captain Company A, Commanding Regiment. Lieut. W. G. DONNAN, Acting~Assistant Adjutant-General. IIDQRS. TWENTY-SEVENTH REGT. IOWA VOL. INFANTRY, In the Field, La Grange, Teun., July 21, 1864. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to. make the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-seventh Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry in the engagement at Old Town Creek, Miss., July 15, 1864: We had encamped for the night after a fatiguing march from Tupelo, Miss. The enemy approached on the Tupelo road, following and skir- mishing with the main column. When near Old Town Creek they (the enemy) conimenced shelling our camp. We were ordered out and formed in line of battle. We waded the waist-deep creek and on the double-quick crossed a corn-field, driving the enemy in stronger force and from a good position, under a scorching sun, for over a mile. Reach- ing the hill from which he had shelled our camp we were halted and soon received re-enforcement of two regiments on our right. My posi- tion during the engagement was the extreme right of the Second Bri- gade, commanded by Col. James I. Gilbert. * Nominal list (omitted) shows 10 men wounded Page 291 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 291 I cannot too highly speak of the courage and discipline of both officers and men, who after having hardly any rest the night before and march- ing all day still showed that discipline when called upon which is so essential to the good of the service. I append the following list of casualties.* AMOS M. HASLIP, Captain Company A, Commanding Regiment~ Lient. W. G. DONNAN, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2d Brig., 3d Div., 16th Army Corps. No. 26. Reports of AJiaj. Jonathan~ Biutchison, Thirty-second Iowa Infantry. HEADQUARTERS THIRTY-SECOND IOWA INFANTRY, La Grange, Ienn., July 21, 1864. SIR: In relation to the part taken by my command in the action of the 14th instant, at Tnpelo, Miss., I have the honor to report that at 6 a. m. I formed my command in line of battle, on the left of the Four- teenth Iowa Infantry. Shortly after I received orders to change front, faced to the rear, throwing a line of skirmishers about 100 yards in ad- vance, covering the right and front of my line. The enemy having pressed our line in front (the Twenty-seventh Iowa and Twenty-fourth Missouri Infantry), we moved forward to its support, leaving the Four- teenth and Thirty-second Iowa Infantry on the line where first sta- tioned,. the enemy shelling us very severely. At 7.30 a. in., the enemy threatening our left, I received orders to move by the left flank across the Tupelo road, and form on the right of the Eleventh Missouri In- fantry, the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry forming on my right. This order was executed under a heavy fire of artillery. At 8.30 a. m. I was ordered to rejoin my brigade, which was stationed on the extreme right of the original line occupied by my command. At 5 p. m. I was ordered to the front, taking position on the extreme left of our line, and on the left of the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry. Skirmishers were thrown out, cover- ing the front of my regiment. Considerable skirmishing was kept up along onr line until dusk, when our main line was withdrawn to the rear. At 8 p. m. the skirmishers were partially driven from their posi- tion by an advancing line of the enemy, when my regiment was or- dered to form on its original position, occupied previously at 5 p. in., on the left of the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, which it did under a galling fire of musketry, driving the enemy from his position in front of our line. We continued to hold the position until the morning of the 15th instant, when we were withdrawn, preparatory to marching. The officers and men conducted themselves in a creditable manner. I herewith inclo~e a list of casualties.t JONATHAN HUTCHISOK, Major, Commanding Thirty-second Iowa Infantry. - Licut. WILLIAM G. DONNAN, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Second Brigade. * Nominal list (omitted) shows 1 enlisted man killed and 15 wounded. t Nominal list (omitted) shows 3 men wounded Page 292 292 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [OnAr. LI. HEADQUARTERS THIRTY-SECOND IOWA INFANTRY, La Grange, Teun., July 21, 1864. SIR: In relation to the part sustained by my command in the engage- ment at Old Town Creek on the 15th instant, I have the honor to report that during the march between Tupelo and Old Town Creek my coin- mand was put in charge of part of the train, moving with them and going into camp at 4 p. m. on Old Town Creek. At 5 p. in., the First~ Division having passed in advance, the enemy obtained possession of a position that commanded our camp. They planted a battery and im- mediately commenced shelling us, the shells striking with accuracy and precision. I was ordered to move out by the right flank, crossing Old Town Creek, forn~ed in line of battle and moved forward, taking position on the right of the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, who, in connec- tion with the Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, had charged the battery and had taken position on the ridge, which position was held till the morning of the 16th instant, when we moved forward with the com- mand. The officers and men conducted themselves with characteristic cour- age. JONATHAN HUTCHISON, Major, Commanding Thirty-second Regiment Iowa Infantry. Lient. W. (I. DONNAN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Brigade. No. 27. Reports of Miaj. Robert W. Fyan, Twenty-fourth ]Ifissouri Infantry. HDQRS. TWENTY-FOURTII MISSOURI VOL. INFANTRY, La Grange., Tenn, July 21, 1864. In obedience to orders received this date, I beg leave to submit the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-fourth Missouri Vol- unteer Infantry in the battle of the 14th instant: -On the morning of the 14th instant, at about 7.15 oclock, I was notified the Second Brigade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, would be held in reserve. In half an hour after that time I was ordered by Col- onel Gilbert, commanding brigade, to move forward my regiment to such place as would be designated by Lieutenant Raymond, division quartermaster. I obeyed the order, reporting to Colonel Moore, divis- ion commander. He placed us in position about sixty yards in rear of the Third Indiana Battery. Our position was well sheltered; other- wise we might have suffered severely, as we were in direct range of the rebel battery. In this position we remained until about 10.30 a when I received an order from Major-General Smith ordering me to re- port my regiment to Colonel Wolfe, commanding Third Brigade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. This order being obeyed, Colonel Wolfe placed us on the right of his brigade and immediately between the First and Third Brigades. Here we remained mitil relieved by order of Colonel Gilbert, commanding Second Brigade, who withdrew us, and we rejoined our own brigade, moving with it to the front on the Okolona road, our regiment being on the right of the brigade. Here we remained until near dusk, when, leaving Company A on picket, the regiment withdrew, with brigade, and stacked arms preparatory t Page 293 EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. CHAP. LI.] 293 getting supper. A little after dark we were ordered out to drive back the rebels, who had attacked the pickets in force. In obeying the order the regiment formed under a heavy fire of musketry and moved upon the enemy on the right of the brigade firing as we advanced. The rebels gave back from the strong position they had secured. Arriving at the original position occupied by the brigade, we remained under arms all night. During the day we had several men wounded, as fol- lows: * The regiment conducted itself gallantly during the day. Whilst it was detached from the brigade, the only complaint I heard was that we were kept from coming to close quarters with the rebels. As regards its behavior in the night engagement, we were nnder the immediate observation of the brigade commander, who can speak as to our deport- ment. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, IR. W. FYAN, Major, Commanding Twenty-fourth Missouri Volunteer Infantry. Lieut. WILLIAM C. DONNAN, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 3d Brig., 3d Div., 1 Gth Army Corps. llnQns. TWENTY-FOURTh MIssOURI VOL. INFANTRY, La Grange, Tenn., July 21, 1864. In compliance with orders received this date, I beg leave to hand you~ the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-fourth Missouri Volunteer Infantry in the battle of the 15th instant: On the afternoon of the 15th instant, when encamped about seven miles north of Tupelo, the enemy threw into our camp, unexpectedly, shells. By order of Colonel Gilbert, our brigade commander, my regi- ment was immediately formed in line and marched toward the enemy, but was held with the Thirty-second Iowa in reserve and formed in the rear of the advanced line of the brigade at the base of a hill perpen- dicular to the road. We remained in this position a short time, when we were ordered to advance by Colonel Gilbert. I moved my regiment by the right flank to the road, marched along the road in direction of the enemy, and were formed in line of battle about three-quarters of a mile in advance of our former position. At this point we remained, having had no engagement with the enemy, except an occasional shot by our skirmishers, until sundown, when we fell back by order of Col- onel Gilbert, brigade commander, one-quarter of a mile and remained in line of battle during the night. During the above engagement our casualties were none. No complaint was heard through my regiment, but a desire to meet on the morrow the already vanquished foe. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, It. W. FYAN, Major, Commanding Twenty-fourth Missouri Volunteer Infantry. Lient. WILLIAM C. DONNAN, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Cen., 3d Brig., 3d Div., 16th Army Corps. Nominal list (omitted) shows 7 enlisted men wounded Page 294 294 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. LOHAP. LL No. 28. Report of Ijeut. Richard Burns, Third Indiana Battery. CAMP THIRD INDIANA BATTERY, Near La Grange, Teun., July 21, 1864. LIEUTENANT: In compliance with your order, I have the honor to report as follows, concerning the part taken by my command in the late engagements with the enemy on the 14th, 15th, and 16th instant, near Tupelo, Miss., viz: On the morning of the 14th instant I was ordered to report with my command, consisting of four guns of the Third Indiana Battery, to Col- onel Murray, commanding a brigade of the Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. This I did, and was stationed by him in front of his com- inand, near the road leading from Pontotoc, Miss., to Tupelo, Miss. About 6 a. m. of the same day the enemy showed themselves in consid- erable force in different parts of the country immediately before us, when I began to throw shell at them, principally from two James rifled pieces. This was kept up but a short time, when the enemy in consid- erable numbers made a charge against our forces in that part of the field. Three of my guns (two 12-pounder smooth-bores and one 6- pounder James rifle) were at this time brought to bear on the columns of the enemy, as they advanced, with as much activity and accuracy as the nature of the ground and other circumstances would permit, and I have reason to believe did good execution against the same and con- tributed materially toward victory on our side in that part of the field. Immediately before the charge above mentioned, I was ordered to send one gun to the right of Colonel Murrays brigade. Lieut. Philip Mc- Pherson took charge of the same, and stationed his piece (a 6-pounder James rifle) on the road leading from Tupelo to Pontotoc, and used it against the enemy in all possible directions and with creditable effect for about one hour and a hall, when his ammunition gave out and he himself was wounded. After the first heavy charge of the enemy, my other guns were used steadily against them wherever there was a chance of doing service until about 9 a. in., when the firing at all points had pretty much ceased. Casualties in the action were: Lient. Philip Mc. Pherson and 2 privates seriously, and 1 corporal and 1 private slightly, wounded, 2 artillery horses killed, and 1 gun (a 6-pounder James rifle) dismounted by a shot from the enemys gun. The part taken in action against the enemy by my command on the 15th instant consisted in firing a few shots from a 12-pounder gun at the enemy, by order of brigade commander, Colonel Gilbert, on the road a few miles out from Tupelo. Late in the afternoon of the 16th, and just before going into camp, the enemy attacked our forces on the march, in the rear, pretty sharply, when I was ordered with one gun to assist the cavalry in holding the enemy in check. With a 12-pounder smooth-bore I shelled the woods in the rear of the camps of the Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, from a commanding position for about one-half hour, but with what effect is not known. During the engagements mentioned my battery fired near 500 rounds of ammunition. My command deserves especial l)raise for attention to their duties at all times when called upon. RICHARD BURNS, First Lieutenant, Third Indiana Battery, Comdg. Company. Lent. W. G. DONNAN, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2d Brig., 3d Div., 16th Army Corps Page 295 ChAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 295 No. 29. Report of Col. Edward lii. Wolfe, Fifty-second Indiana Infantry, com- manding Third Brigade, including attack on train near La Fayette, Tenn., June 23. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIe~, THIRD Div., 16TH ARMY CORPS, Memphis, Teun., July 29, 1864. LIEUTENANT: In compliance with orders, from headquarters Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, July 28, 1864, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my command during the late expedition to Tupelo, Miss.: In obedience to Special Orders, No. 63, paragraph YJ, headquarters Right Wing, Sixteenth Army Corps, Memphis, Tenn., June 23,1864, my command, after having been paid oft, proceeded by train to Moscow, on the 23d. When near La Fayette a party of guerrillas fired into the train, killing and wounding several. Some of the men who jumped or fell off the cars were captured and afterward murdered. Their bodies were recovered by a party of the Second Iowa Cavalr~f and recognized by Lieutenant McDonald, One hundred and seventy-eighth New York Volunteers. At Moscow the brigade remained until the 27th, when it took up the line of march for La Grange, which was reached the same day. On July 5, at 4p. in., left La Grange for Pontotoc; arrived there July 11. While there my command was almost constantly kept under arms on account of the enemy firing at intervals into the pickets. Left Pon- tdtoc for Tupelo on 13th. Upon arriving there on the same day the coin- mand went into camp, with the exception of the One hundred and seventeenth Illinois, which was placed in position on a high and com- manding ridge on the extreme left of the Third Division. At daybreak on the morning of the 14th, when our pickets were at- tacked, my command was ordered to take position in order of battle on the ridge above referred to, to connect on my right with the First Bri- gade, Third Division, and, on my left with a brigade of colored troops. At 7 a. in., after driving in our skirmishers, the enemy appeared in con- siderable force in front of the First Brigade, with the unmistakable intention of carrying the batteries. A well-directed fire from the right oblique by part of my command (Fifty-second Indiana and One hundred amid seventy-eighth New York Volunteers), and a terrible cross-fire of shell, case, and canister by Battery G, Second Illinois Artillery, must have contributed considerably in throwing the enemy into confusion and compellimig him to beat a hasty retreat. For about three hours the enemy kept shelling my lines, but was vigorously replied to by Battery G, Second Illinois Artillery, with the effect of silencing one of his batteries (smooth-bores) and compelling another one (rifled guns) to move out of our range, which remidered their fire comparatively harm- less. For the balance of the day the enemy left us undisturbed until 10 p. mu., when, driving in the pickets, a comisiderable force caine charging in on my left, evidently with the design of driving us from our cmi- nence, the key to the whole battle-field. The brigade of colored troops and the Second Brigade, Third Division (on left of colored troops), having left their positions in the evening my command was first to meet the enemy, whose fire for fifteen or twenty minutes was very determined, but meeting with still more determination he soon gave way. In this night attack the One hundred and seventeenth Illinois bore the mos Page 296 296 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. [CHAP. LI. conspicuous part, arid I accord to this regiment all credit for the prompt manner in which they met and repulsed the enemy on that occasion. On the 15th, ~t 10 a. in., I was ordered to abandon my position and move my command to the Tupelo road, from where it marched toward Ellistown, escorting the train. In the afternoon, while halting west of Old Town Creek, the enemy appeared unexpectedly, and, taking posses- sion of a commanding position, commenced shelling our train. At 5 p. in. my command was ordered to recross Old Town Creek and take posi- tion on a ridge on the right of the Second Brigade, Third Division, where it remained until next morning at 6 a. in., when, the enemy not re- appearing, I was ordered to withdraw and take my place in the column en route for Elhstown. In the evening of the same day, while in camp near Ellistown, the enemy attacked our cavalry pickets, and a section of Battery (1, Second Illinois Artillery, being ordered out by Col. David Moore, commanding Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, fired a few rounds at the enemy, with what effect is unknown. On the 17th left camp near Ellistown for La Grange, arriving there on the 21st, having passed through Kew Albany and Salem. On the 22d I was ordered to proceed to Collierville, where my command arrived and took the cars on the 23d, leaving for and reaching Memphis same day. Distance marched from Moscow to Tupelo and back to Collierville, 276 miles. The casualties on Memphis and Charleston Railroad on June 23, 1864, when the train was fired into near La Fayette, Tenn., are as follows: Killed, 5; wounded, 2.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. II. WOLFE, Lient. JAMES B, COMSTOCK, Colonel, Commanding Third Brigade. Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Division, 16th Army ~Jorps. No. 30. Report of Col. Risdon M. Moore, One hundred and seventeenth Illinois In fantry. HEADQUARTERS 117TH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, La Grange, Tenn., July 21, 1864. LIEUTENANT: In compliance with orders I have the honor to report the part taken in the battle near Tupelo, Miss., on the 14th instant, by my command, the One hundred and seventeenth Illinois Volunteer In- fantry: By order of Col. E. II. Wolfe, commanding the Third Brigade, I placed the One hundred and seventeenth in position on the evening of the 13th on the extreme left of the Third Division, on a high and commanding ridge. Early in the morning of the 14th the Second Illinois Batteryt was placed on my right, and I received orders to support it in case of an at- tack. The regiment kept that position, with slight changes, during the entire action. The regiment was well protected by the ridge, otherwise it would have suffered severely from shell that were thrown at the Sec Nominal list of casualties in the engagement near Tupelo shows for this brigade a loss of 1 killed and 6 wounded. Battery G, Second Illinois Artillery Page 297 (mAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 297 ond Illinois Battery from two different positions with great accuracy and rapidity. As the fire from the Second Illinois Battery was very galling, the rebels seemed determined to drive our forces from our well-selected position. Failing in this a force undertook to surprise and drive us away by a night attack. The brigade of colored infantry, and the Second Bri- gade, of the Third Division, had left their positions in the evening, and a considerable force came in on our left, driving in the pickets of those brigades, and were rapidly moving down on our position, cvi dently with the design of driving us from our eminence the key to the whole battle- field. By Colonel Wolfes order I moved the One hundred and seven- teenth rapidly up to meet them. We soon became hotly engaged. The enemy~s fire for fifteen or twenty minutes was very determined, but we were more determined, and they soon gave way. Owing to the nature of the ground the regiment sustained no loss. Quite a number of the men were struck by pieces of shells, but only three sustained injuries to disable them for any length of time. Capt. John It. Thomas, Company I, severely bruised on right arm by shell; Private J. 0-. Sandbach, Company 1), wounded in mouth and left hand by shell; L. B. Gwyn, Company B, wounded in neck by ball; Private A. E. Geer, Company C, missing since July 13; Private John 0-. Morler, Company 0-, missing since July 12. Both of the above missing are sup- posed to be captured. I would here say that all my officers and every man, with but very few exceptions, discharged their whole duties. IRespeetfully, your obedieut servant, lt. M. MOORE, Colonel, Commanding. Lieut. S. H. DENEEN, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Brigade, Third Division. No. 31. Report of Lient. Col. Zalmon & ]ifain, Fifty-second Indiana Infantry. HDQRS. FIFTY-SECOND REGT. VETERAN VOLS., THIRD BRIG., THIRD Div., 16TH ARMY CORPS, - Camp near La Grange, Tenn., Jnly 21, 1864. ADJUTANT: In obedience to instructions from brigade headquarters I have the honor to report the part taken by the Fifty-second Indiana Volunteers imi the late engagement with Forrests commuand near Tupelo, Miss., on the 14th instant: The regiment arrived and encamped at the above-named place on the evening of the 13th instant, after having marched a distance of some twenty miles, and formued in line of battle early on the following morn- ing, occupying time right center of the brigade across a large unculti- vated field, facing westward, with a dense strip of woods some 600 yards in front. Somne thirty minutes after the reginment had been formued in line a rebel brigade was seemm muaking a charge through an open field some distance to the right of the regiment and about 500 yards off, when the colonel commanding the brigade gave the command to fire. After firing a few rounds, the emmeiny gave away, when an ad- vance was made, the regiment keeping well in line. After advancing some 600 yards the comumnand was halted and mnarched to its former position, where the regimnent remained in line of battle until about 14 Page 298 298 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALAS, AND N. GA. [CIJAP. LI. oclock at night, when the left of the brigade was attacked, which the regiment assisted in repelling. After the attack was repulsed I was ordered with my command to occupy its former position, where I re- mained until the regiment was ordered to take tip its line of march for this place. The following is a list of casualties: Killed, First Lieut. W. II. Her- ron, commanding Company E; missing during the expedition, Asst. Surg. James L. F. Garrison. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,, ~ ~. MAIN, Lient. Cot. 52d Regiment Indiana Infantry Vots., Comdg. Regt. Lieut. S. H. PENEEN, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Third Brigade. No. 32. Report of Capt. George P. Young, One hundred and seventy-eighth New York Infantry. HEADQUARTERS 178Tll NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, Camp near La Grange, Teun., July 21, 1864. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to submit the following report in regard to the part taken by my command in the action at Tupelo, Miss., on the 14th instant: At daybreak on the morning of that day the regiment was marched into the open field in front of the nights encampment, and placed in position in order of battle. The enemy commenced the attack by a vigorous shelling, which was replied to by our batteries, at about 6.30 a. m. Shortly after that musketry fire was heard on our right, and the enemy appeared in considerable force in front of the brigade posted to the right of the regiment, with the unmistakable intention of carrying the batteries on the hill in our rear. A well-directed fire from the right oblique was poured into the enemy, and must have contributed consid- erably in throwing the same in confusion and forcing him to retreat precipitately and with great loss. The enemy seemed to be contented with the bloody repulse, and firing ceased along the line at about 9.30 a. m. Toward dark the rebels again appeared in our front and brisk skirmishing ensued, lasting for nearly an hour and ending in the repulse of the enemy. The men under my command behaved extremely well during the short but decisive action, and at one time could not be restrained from ad- vancing and charging the enemy. The loss during the engagenment amounted to the wounding of 1 en- listed man, Private Peter Leppler, Company K, slightly in hand. This was greatly owing to the high and inaccurate firing of the enemy. The spirit displayed by my command on this occasion was most ad. mirable. I have the honor to remain, most respectfully, your obedient servant, G. F. YOUNG, Captain, 178th New York Volunteers, Commanding. Lieut. S. H. DENEEN, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 3d Brig., 3d Div., 16th Army Corps Page 299 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 299 No. 33. Report of Lieut. John. W. Lowell, Battery G, Second Illinois Light Ar tillery. IIDQRS. BATTY. G, 2n ILLINOIS LIGHT ARTY, YET. VOLS., La Grange, ffeun., July 21, 1864. SIR: 1 would respectfully submit the following report of the part taken by my battery in the battle of Tupelo, ou the 14th instant: I was ordered to place my battery in a commanding position in the front of the Third Brigade, which I accomplished just before the com- mencement of the action, but seeing immediately that the first attack of the enemy would be made farther to our right I changed my battery front so as to command the ground in front of the First Brigade. As soon as the enemy showed his line preparatory to making the charge on the battery to our right, I opened a destructive cross-fire upon his lines with shell,and in the charge which immediately followed I pro- duced the most terrible destruction in their ranks, pouring in a deadly cross-fire of shell, case, and canister until their shattered fragments entirely disappeared from sight. From the advantageous position of my battery, I believe my guns did this brigade of the enemy more damage than all the other fire combined. My shells were bursting every instant in their ranks, and beyond a doubt it was one of my shells that caused the death of General Faulkner and his splendid charger. I had just ceased firing when, by order of General Smith, one section was placed in position farther to the left, and by a few well-directed shots broke the line the enemy was forming directly in the front of our brigade. By permission of Colonel Wolfe, commanding brigade, I then moved up the other section to the same position and attacked the two batteries of the enemy which had opened upon my battery. I soon silenced the battery of smooth-bores, but the rifled guns, which were at a great distance from my position and entirely out of view, kept up their fire but did no damage. While thus employed the enemy brought a regiment of cavalry up under cover of the woods a little to th~ left of our front, dismounted them, and advanced into the woods to within about 600 yards of my battery, apparently with the intention of attack- ing the battery. I immediately sent word to the colonel commanding the brigade, and trained my guns upon them. As the woods were thick I could only guess at the effects by the explosion of my shells and the crashing among the timber; but an officer of the One hundred and sev- enteenth Illinois, who commanded the skirmishers in front of my bat- tery, tells me that before we had fired ten shots the rebels broke and ran in the wildest confusion to the farther line of timber. He also says i~y shells killed a horse and his rider, and an orderly of Colonel Moores, I think, showed me letters which he took from the person of this rebel officer, which showed him to be Colonel Crossland, of the Seventh Ken- tucky (rebel) Regiment, and who was commanding a brigade. As my guns were by this time much heated and my men much exhausted, and there appearing to be no necessity for continuing firing, I ceased for half an hour, at the expiration of which time General Smith, observing the enemy to be forming a line still farther to the left, ordered me to bring up one gun and open on them. The first shell burst right in their midst, opening their line for thirty yards. When six shots had been fired not one of the enemy was to be seen. As they did not again show themselves during the day we did no further firing Page 300 300 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MISS., ALA., AND N. GA. (CHAP. LI. During the early part of the action Private Thomas McCauley had his thigh broken by a shell; his leg was amputated. Although the enemy threw a great amount of shell at us, by screening my battery as much as possible the enemy did us no damage except the above men- tioned. I have no men missing, and have had no absentees during the expedition. In conclusion, let me say that my officers and men behaved to my sat- isfaction, and 1 think I have cause to be proud of their conduct. Respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN W. LOWELL, First Lieutenant, Commanding. Lieutenant DENEEN, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 3d Brig., 3d Div., 16th Army Corps. No. 34. Report of Col. Edward Bouton, ~ U. S. Colored Infantry, com manding First Brigade, U. S. Colored Troops. HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRL~ADE, U. S. COLORED TRoops, Memphis, Teun., July25, 1864. Sw: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this brigade in the late expedition to Tupelo, Miss., under commnand of Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith: On the 18th day of June, 1864, I moved from Memphis with the Sixty-first and Sixty-eighth U. S. Colored Imifantry, and Battery I, Sec- ond U. S. Colored Artillery (Light), by mnilitary railroad to a point four - - miles west of La Fayette, Teun., where the troops were disembarked and marched to La Fayette Station, at which point mny command was disposed of so as to guard the railroad bridges, & c., four miles west and one mile east, and camped at this place until Jumme 28, 1864.. On June 27, 1864, I brought out from Memphis the Fifty-ninth Regi- ment U. S. Colored Infantry via railroad to Moscow, Tenn. I moved with my command to La Grange, Tenn., June 28 and 29, a part being transported by railroad and the remainder marching. My brigade, as here organized, consisted of the Fifty-ninth U. S.. Colored Infantry, Maj. James C. Foster comnianding; Sixty-first U. S. Colored Infantry, Col. F. A. Kendrick commnanding; Sixty-eighth U. S. Colored In- fantry, Col. J. B. Jones commanding; Battery I, Second U. S. Colored Artillery (Light), Capt. Louis B. Smith commnanding. Total strength, 1,835 enlisted men and 64 commissioned officers; total aggregate, exclu- sive of brigade staff; 1,899; the mnen in light marching order, with rnb~ ber blamikets only, amid supplied with forty rounds of ammunition in boxes. On the 3d day of July I received my transportation via rail fromn Mem- phis, which enabled me to make a supply traimi for my brigade of twenty- six wagons, which I loaded with 100 rounds per man reserved amnmu- nition, nine days rations, and nine days grain and forage for stock. In comnpliance with orders, I moved with mny brigade at 4 p. in., July 5, to Davis Mills, Miss., six miles distant, where we went into camp at dark. July 6, moved at 4 a. in., muarching in rear of column, guarding gen- eral supply train, in which order Pontotoc, Miss., which poimit , with very little changes, we marched to we reached by easy marches July11, 1864, passing through Ripley and New Albany Page 301 CHAP. LI.] EXPEDITION TO TUPELO, MISS. 301 On the 12th day of July was in camp at Pontotoc, south of town, iiear the Okolona road. About 2 p. iii. ten or fifteen bnshwhackers approached my camp and fired on some men picking berries, wounding a private belonging to Fifty-ninth U. S. Colored Infantry. Sent company C, Fifty- ninth U. S. Colored Infantry, commanded by Capt. II. Fox, and drove them oft without casualties. On July 13 the column moved at 4 a. in., going eastward on Tupelo road. At about 6 oclock, in compliance with orders from Captain ilough, I threw forward the Sixty-first U. S. Colored Infantry to occnpy the ridge south of Pontotoc, occupying ground vacated by the Third Division in moving out, and guarding the approach on Okolona road. A few moments after 7 the advance of the enemys column came up on this road, and became engaged with the advanced guard of the Sixty- first Regiment, consisting of Company A, Captain Jean commanding, but were soon repulsed with loss of 2 men. The entire column, iuclud- ing supply train, having now gotten under way, I moved out with my brigade, Colonel ilerrick with a portion of the Seventh Kansas Cavalry being in rear as rear guard to column. My colunin was only well out of town before the cavalry in rear were attacked, apparently in strong force. The rear of my column was about two miles out from Pontotoc, when Colonel ilerrick sent me word that they were coming too fast for him and he must have help. Company A, Sixty-first U. S. Colored Infantry, had at this time been back with the cavalry, skirmish- ing with the enemys advance for nearly a mile. Seeing a desirable location close at hand, I ordered Colonel Kendrick, commanding Sixty- first U. S. Colored Infantry, to ambush them with two companies, which was done with perfect success, under the direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Foley, ofthatregiment. The enemy~s column coming within twelve paces of this ambush received a well-directed volley, which emptied 15 or 20 saddles and threw his column back in confusion. About a mile farther on I ambushed them again with partial, but not so complete success. About five miles from Pontotoc, as the rear of my column had passed down a hill and forded a small stream, he came forward suddenly in heavy force, and driving the cavalry forward on my flank, pfanted a battery on the hill and commenced shelling my column furiously, doing, however, but little damage. I moved forward under this fire until I gained the ridge on opposite side of bottom, where I put my battery in position and answered them at about 800 yards range. I threw the Fifty-ninth U. S. Colored Infantry in line on right of the battery and the Sixty-first on the left, holding the Sixty-eighth imm reserve. The enemy approached this time very slowly, and only engaged it at long range. As the train was moving on so as to open quite a gap, I sent forward the Sixty-eighth to close on the train, soon followed by the Sixty-first Regiment and one section of battery, finally withdrawimmg the other section of the battery and one wing of the Fifty-ninth Regiment, having the other wing concealed by thick brush to ambush them as they advanced. The enemy quickly approached this line by moving forward in heavy force through a corn-field, feeling their way with scattering shots until within fifteen yards, when they were met by a deadly volley, quickly followed by others, which seemed to tell on them with terrible eiThct, throwing theni back in confasion. This line was now with- drawn. In retiring it was fired upon from both flanks, which fire was promptly returned. At this point I discovered a heavy column of the enemy moving rapidly forward on my right flank, showing three battle-flags, which information I immediately sent forward by an orderl Page 302 302 KY., SW. VA., TENN., MiSS., ALA., AND N. GA. [ChAP. IA. to General Mower. About one mile from this ridge I again formed line, but the enemy not coming to engage me for some time I withdrew all but seven companies of Sixty-first Regiment, which were advanta- geously posted, and soon engaged the enemy closely and successfully. At this point I discovered a column on the left hank. The column on the right also developed greater strength than before which infor- mation I immediately sent forward to General Mower by my adjutant, stating that if the train was not moved quickly forward it would be at- tacked. This message had scarcely reached General Mower when the attack on train was made. From this point I continued forming lines and holding the enemy in check, and ambushing him at every favorable point, using the Fifty-ninth and Sixty-first Regiments, holding the Sixty-eighth in reserve on account of its being a new regiment and inexperienced in field service, until just dark, when within about four miles of Tupelo, the Fifty-ninth and Sixty-first had become so fatigued and completely worn out that I was compelled to put two companies in ambush of Sixty-eighth, relieving them at a little distance with two more companies. These four companies reserved their fire until the enemy were close on them, and delivered it with good effect and retired in good order. At this point I was relie