TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 38 (Part I) AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1891 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B RAGILC ~ ~1OT ~!hwud.i ~uivn~it~ ~ THE GIFT OF ~frZ~vf ~ F t I LI 1A, Title Page Page R001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: N OOMItI4TION OF THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE NION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. RIRDFIELD PROCTOR, Secretary of War, BY MAJ. GEORGE B. DAVIS, U. S. A., MR. LESLIE J. PERRY, MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY, Board of Publication. SERIES IVOLUME XXXVIIIIN FIVE PARTS. PART IREPORTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1891 Page R002 A. ~f9rt CORNELL Additions and Corrections Page A001 T II E WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF TIlE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. ADDITIONS ANI) CORRECTIONS TO SERIES I VOLUME XXXVIII. (To he inserted in the volume. For explanation see General Index volume, Serial No. 130, ~)age XXVIII.) PUBLISHED UNI)ER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AINSWORTH, CHIEF OF THE RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, AND MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY. 1~Ir. JOHN S. IYIOODEY, Indexer. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902 Page A002 2 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. TEXT. PARTi. Page 22. Twenty-first line, top, for z6th read 6th. Page 52. Foot-note, erase the wor(1s All such are designated in the Index. Page io5. Second Brigade, for Got. Joel UK Strong read Gapt. Joel W. Strong. Page 139. Following signature, change to read Gapt., [7 S. Engrs., Bvt. Rrzg. Ccii., U. S. Army. Page 240. Whitakers report, twelfth line, for 2,875 rea(l 2,873. Page 290. Newtons report, fourth line, for one-half [mile] wide read one-half mile. Page 497. Briggs report, fourth line, for blue Springs, Tenui., read Blue Springs Fer~j. Pages 9551026. Erase foot-note No dUY7uh/iStalltial reports on file, wherever it occurs. I~ART 2. Page 3. Second foot-note, erase the words All such are deszgnated in the Index. Pages 939998. Erase foot-note No circumstantial reports on file, wherever it occurs. PART 3. Page 3. Second foot-note, erase the words All such are des~gnated in the Index. Page 263. De Gress report, date line, for s read 6. Page 373. Fourth DivisionFirst Brigade. Insert opposite 64th Illinois, in appro priate columns, 2 officers and is iiien killed; ~ officers and 6o men wounded; 7 men nussing; aggregate, 8~. Brigade total. For is men killed read j~ for 5 officers and 6o men wounded read iS officers and 276 mimen; for 7 men missing rea(l 23~ aggregate for 85 read 363. Grand total. For ~7 officers wounded read 36; aggregate, for ~ read 853. Page 464. Seventh line, bottom, for Eastport, fenui., read Eastport, Miss. Pages 640, 648, ~ 662, 670. Finleys Brigade, Bates J)ivision, transfer the words Gazalmy (dismounted) after ist Florida to ist Florida below. - ..Page 673. Reserves, Kellys Division, Wheelers Corps, for Sanders (Tennessee) Battalion read Sanders Battalion ~ and add foot-iiote, ~ See tfoot- note, Series I, Vol. 39, Part 2, p. 8~6. Page 895. Erase foot-note and insert Omitted. Page iomS. For MeAlexanders (Edward) read MeAlexanders (Edward W.). Page 1022. Insert * after Sanders (Gaizin F.) Cavalry Battalion and add foot- note, * Improvised; also erase See Tennessee Troops, Gonfiderate, and insert See Calvin F. Sanders. Thirteenth line, bottom, erase * and insert t and make corresponding change in foot-note. Pages 10271109. Erase foot-note No circumstantial reports onfile,wherever it occurs. PART 4. Page 99. Erase foot-note and insert See Plate 55, Map 6, of the Atlas. Page 711. Polk to Walker, sixth line, for the left read be left. Page 783. Johnston to Bragg, last line, for off read on. Page 848. Following Mississzj5pi, Army of the, Orders, General, series s86i, second line, for missing letters read Lee Page A003 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 3 PART 5. Page 966. Erase foot-note and insert See .Ser,es J, Vol. 52, Part 2, ~. 721. Page Iooo. Hood to Bragg, first line, after dispatch insert the words from Forrest, and in date line erase Forrests. Page 1020. Special Field Orders, No. 96, second line, for vi. Iverson read TV H. Jackson. Page 1030. Hood to Bragg, second line, for and the prisoners remozed read since the prisoners haze been removed. INDEX. Insert all words and figures in i/czlics and strike out all in [brackets]. An asterisk (*) following a correction indicates that Additions and correctiotis to the text should he consulte(l. References are to parts of volume. Part. Ahreets, charles A., 206 [Shreets, charles A. 206] 2 Anderson, John W., ~ [Anderson, John, 5491 3 Atlanta, Ga., Canipaigit. May i-Sept. 8, 1864. Reported Ino~ements, etc. comniutuica- tions from Meeker, Edwin I. [J.] 4 Sketches, 866, 88o Babcock, Paul, jr. corresi)oiideuice with Meeker, Edwin i. [j.] 4 Pain. Geoige U. [Baine, -] Baird, Absaloun. Mentioned, 809812 [8o9-813] Baird, Darius (V., 8ig Biddle, James (6//i hid Giv.), ~ Piddle, James (i6/Ii V. S hit), ~ Bit ney, David B Bryan, Sannwl TIe 2 Buice, Russell [Bier, I 2 case, charles R. Correspoxudemuce with Meeker, Edwin I. [J.] 4 clark, George F., ~j,y [Clark, Frank, ~ ... cunniuighain, Hiberi B. [Captain] 3 Forrest, Nathan B. Vorrespondence wi/li D. H. Manry, 10oo~... Mentioned, 1000* 5 Georgia Troops. InfantryBa//alions. 8/li, 97 4 InfantryRegiments. [8th, 197] 4 Gi/crisl [Gilebrist], George W 2 Glass, P. T. [F.] 3 Glore [Glove], John A. P 2 Gurley, Davis [David] R Hall, William (Bridges Ba//y.), 496 Hall, William (i/h Iowa), W6] Harris, Samuel [J.] D 3 Hawes, Vary [Carey] N 4 Helveti, Francis M. [W.] 2, 4 Hiblie/s [Hihhetts], Jefferson 3 4 Hood, John B. correspondence with Maury, Dabney H., [iooo]* Iverson, Alfred. Mentioned, [ioso]* [Johnson, Captain, 989] 3 Part. Kingston. Ga. [Teun.], Commanding Officer at Lawrence, Maccenas C Lawrence, William hence. For correspondence, e/c., as ..I. I). C, see Joseph Hooker 4 bawrence, William Hndson [11.]. [For correspondence as A. 1). C., see Joseph Hooker] 4 benfesty, Edward S 3 McAlexander, Edward TV 3 McCarthy, Lawrence S 3 McFarland, J. B. [D.] McMillin, (arc [Charles] XX 2 McNairy, 11. H. [M.] 4 Iladison Station, Ala. [(a.] 3 Maury, Dahucy H. Correspon(lence with Foiiis/, A. II., 1000* Hood, John II., [mooo]* Meeker, Edwin I. [J.] 4 Munson, Frank .1 3 Ohio Troops. In fantry~nattalions ist Sharpshooters [100] (Vonipanies), gIli, 6/li, zoo; 7/li, 89, 8/li, iou [Companies: 7th Sharpshooters, 89] 1 1st Sharpshooters (Vanipanies), g/li, 8/li, z6, iS, 307, ~6s, l~/; 6/li, 7/li, i6, iS, 362 [i6, iS, 307, 362, 384] 4 ist Sharpshooters ( Vonipanies), 5/li, 6/li, 7/li S/li Pyatt, OliverJ. [I.] I Robertson, Ahhot L 3 Shafer, John IV [Shaffer, lieutenant] Sherman, William 1. Correspondence with Kingston, Ga. [1enn.], Commanding Officer at Sikes [Sykes], W. H 3 Sketches. Atlanta Campaign, May Sept. 8, 1864, 866, 88o. Dallas, Ga. Combat near, May28 [27], 1864 3 Sliver [Silver], Isaac N 3 Smith, [C.] Charles V 4 Smith, Henryf. [J.] 3 Speer [Spears], G.J Swearngin [Swearengin], Evan E. [C.] Page A004 ADDITiONS AND CORRECTIONS. Taylor, Alfred K. Correspondence with Meeker, Edwin I. U.] Tennessee, Army of the (U.). Organization strength, etc. July 31. iSV [1874] Tennessee Troops (C.). CavalryBattalions: [Sanders, 673] * Underhill, F. [S.] M Waiks, William F. [G.] Part. 3 3 Part. Ward, Augostos, 777 [77] Whittaker [Whitaker], Charles A 4 Wilkes, Fra,uIS [Franklin] C Wdlco.ron [Willcoxson], John B Williams, J. Byrd. 5 Report, etc., 792 [692] Williamson, James A. (2(1 Ark.), 721 [XVill jams, James A., 721] ~ Wood, James, jr. 3 Mentioned, 322 [Wood, John, jr., 322] 3 Voting, U. [N.] M 4 3 3 2 . Page R003 PREFACE. The work of preparing the records of the war for public use was begun under the resolution of Congress of May 19, 1864, by Adjt. Gen. E. D. Townsend, U. S. Army, who caused copies to be made of reports of battles on file in his office and steps to be taken to col- lect missing records. Under the provisions of joint resolution No. 91, of 1866, Hon. Peter H. Watson was appointed to supervise the preparation and formulate a plan for the publication of the records, but he did no work and drew no pay under this appointment, which expired July 27, 1868, by limitation of the resolution. This resolution also re- pealed the former one and work ceased. The first decisive step taken in this work was the act of June 23, 1874, providing the necessary means to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War ~f the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confederate Armies, and directing him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, telegrams, and general orders, not heretofore copied or printed, and properly arranged in chronological order. Appropria- tions have been made from time to time for continuing such prepa- ration. Under this act the preliminary work was resumed by Gen- eral Townsend, who first outlined the plan on which the records are print~ed, though it appears that originally he contemplated publish- ing to the world only the more important military reports. Subsequently, under meager appropriations, t was prosecuted in a somewhat desultory manner by various subordinates of the War Department until December 14, 1877, when the Secretary of War, perceiving that the undertaking needed the undivided attention of a single head, detailed Lieut. Col. Robert N. Scott, U. S. Army, to take charge of the bureau and devote himself exclusively to the work. The act of June 23, 1874, greatly enlarged upon the first crude scheme of publication. On this more comprehensive basis it was determined that the volumes should include not only the battle reports, but also all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. Colonel Scott systematized the work and the plan and presented the records I Page R004 Iv PREFACE. in the following order of arrangement, which has been adhered to by his successors: The first series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Confederate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all mu. itary operations in the field, with the correspondence, orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas. In this series the reports will be arranged according to the campaigns and sev- eral theaters of operations (in the chronological order of the events), and the Union reports~of any event will, as a rule, be immediately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, & c., not embraced in the reports proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronologicai order. The second series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military au- thorities were concerned) to State or political prisoners. The third series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate offi- cials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General- in-Chief, and of the chiefs of the several staff corps and departments; the calls for troops, and the correspondence between the National and the several State author- ities. The fourth series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and Confed- erate authorities given in that series. The first volume of the records was issued in the early fall of 1880. The act approved June 16, 1880, provided for the printing and bind- ing, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a com- pilation of the Official Records (Union and Confederate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year; and that of said number 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives, 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive De- partments. Under this act Colonel Scott proceeded to publish the first five volumes of the records. * * All subsequent volun~es have been distributed under the act approved August 7, 1882, which provides that: The volumes of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion shall be distrib- uted as follows: One thousand copies to the Executive Departments, as now pro- vided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the Army and contributors to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organiza- tions, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty-seventh Congress. Each Senator shall designate not exceed- ing twenty-six, and each Representative and Deb~gate not exceeding twenty-one, of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time as they are published, until the publication is completed. Senators, Representatives, and Dele- gates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of publication with ten per cent. added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall b Page R005 PREFACE. V Col. Robert N. Scott died March 5, 1887, before the completion of tlie work, which, during a ten years service, he had come to love so dearly. At his death some twenty-six books only had been issued, but he had compiled a large amount of matter for forthcoming vol- umes; consequently his name as compiler was retained in all the books up to and including Vol. XXXVI, although his successors had added largely to his compilations from new material found after his demise. _ The Secretary of War, May 7, 1887, assigned Lieut. Col. H. M. Lazelle, U. S. Army, to duty as the successor of Colonel Scott. He had continued in charge about two years, when, in the act approved March 2, 1889, it was provided That hereafter the preparation and publication of said records shall be conducted, under the Secretary of War, by a board of three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of the Army, and two civilian experts, to be appointed by the Secretary of War, the compensation of said civilian experts to be fixed by the Secretary of War. The Secretary of War appointed Maj. George B. Davis, judge advo- cate, U. S. Army, as the military member, and Leslie J. Perry, of Kansas, and Joseph W. Kirkley, of Maryland, as the civilian expert members of said board. The board assumed direction of the pub- lication at the commencement of the fiscal year 1889, its first work / beginning with Serial No. 36 of Vol. XXIV. Each volume includes a copious and accurate index, and for the further convenience of investigators there will be, in addition, a general index to the entire set when complete in a volume by itself. Nothing is printed in these volumes except duly authenticated contemporaneous records of the war. The scope of the boards work is to decide upon and arrange the matter to be published; to correct and verify the orthography of the papers used, and occasion- ally to add a foot-note of explanation. GEO. B. DAVIS, Major and J. A, U. S. A., LESLIE J. PERRY, Civilian Expert, JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY, Civilian Expert, Board of Publication. Approved: REDFIELD PROCTOR, Secretary of War. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. C., August 1, 1891. covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address, the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives, or Delegates who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individuals. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore published have not been furnished to such libraries, organizations, and individuals. He shall also inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent Page R006 Table of Contents Page R007 CONTENTS. CHAPTER L Page. The Atlanta, Ga., Campaign, May 1-September 8,1864 1-936 (vii Page R008 Special Index Page R009 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOILIJME I. CHAPTER I Page. Operations in Charleston Harbor, South Caroilna. December 20, 1860April 14, 1861... . 1-317 CHAPTER H. The secession of Georgia. January 3-26, 1861 318-321 CHAPTER III. The secession of Alabama and Mississippi. January 4-20,1861 326-330 CHAPTER IV. Operations in Florida. January 6-August 31,1861 3.31471 CHAPTER V Page. The secession of North Carolina. Janu- ary 9 May 20, 1861 . 474-488 ChAPTER VI. The secession of Louisiana. January 10- February 19,1861 489-501 CHAPTER VII. operations in Texas and New Mexico. February 1-June 11, 1861 502636 CHAPTER VIII. I Operations in Arkansas, the Indian Terri- tory, and Missouri. February 7-May 9, 1861 637691 VOLIJME II. CHAPTER IX. Page.. Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. April 16-July 31,1861.... 1-1012 VOLUME III. CHAPTER X. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10-November 19,1861... 1-749 VOLUME IV. CHAPTER XI. Page. CHAPTER XIII. Page. Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Operations in North Carolina and South- Arizona. June 11,1861-February 1,1862. 1174 eastern Virginia. August 1, 1861-Janu- CHAPTER XH. ary 11, 1862 566-721 Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1November 19, 1861 175565 VOLUME V\ CHAPTER XIV. Page. Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. August 1,1861-March 17,1862. 1-1106 VOLUME VI. CHAPTER XV. Operationson the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. August 21,1861April 11, 1862 Page. CHAPTER XVI. Page. Operations in West Florida, Southern Al- abama, Southern Mississippi, and Lou. 1-433 isiana. September 1,1861May 12,1862. 436894 VOLUME VII. CHAPTER XVII. Page. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, N. Alabama. ainI S. W. Virginia. Nov. 19,1861-Mar. 4,1862.. 1-946 (IX Page R010 X CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMtS. VOLUME VIII. CHAPTER XVIII. Page. Operations in Missouri Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. Nov. 19, 1861-April 10, 1862. 1-834 VOLUME IX. CHAPTER XIX Page. CHAPTER XXI. Page. Operations in Southeastern Virginia. Jan- Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and uary 11-March 17, 1862 1i1 Arizona. Fobruary 1-September 20, CHAPTER XX 1862 481-736 Operations in North Carolina. January 11-August 20,1862 72-480 VOLUME X-IN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXII. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Mississippi, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. March 4-June 10, 1862, Page. Part I-Reports 1-927 Part lICorrespondence, etc 1-642 VOLUME XIIN ThREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIII. The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. March 17-September 2, 1862. Page. Part IReports, March 17-June 24 1-1C~7 Part lIReports, June 25-September 2 1-994 Part 111Correspondence, etc 1691 VOLUME XIIIN ThREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIV. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. March 17September 2, 1862. Page. Part IReports, March 17-June 25 1-818 Part 11Reports, June 26-September 2 1-820 Part I I ICorrespondence, etc 1-966 VOLUME XIII. CHAPTER XXV. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the Northwest. April 10-November 20, 186~ 1-981 VOLUME XIV. CHAPTER XXVI. Page. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. April 12, 1802-June 11, 1863 VOLUME XV. CHAPTER XXVII. Page. Operations in West Florida, Southeri Alabama, Southern Mississippi (embracing all operations against Vicksburg, May 18-July 27, 1862), and Louisiana, May 12,1862-May 14. 1863; and oper- ations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. September 20, 1862-May 14, 186:3 1-113 Page R011 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. XI VOLUME XVIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXVIII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. June 10October 31, 1862. Page. Part IReports 1-1168 Part Il--Correspondence, etc 1-1017 VOLUME XVIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXIX. Operations in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. June 10, 1862-January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-807 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-916 VOLUME XVIII. CHAPTER XXX. Page. Operations in North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia. August 20, 1862-June 3,1863 1-1104 VOLUME XIXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXI. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. September 3-Novem. her 14. 1862. Page. Part I--Reports, September 3-20 1-1108 Part IlReports, September 20-November 14; Correspondence, etc., September 3-Novem- ber 14 VOLUME XXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. No vember 1,1862-January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-997 Part 11Correspondence, ete 1-316 VOLUME XXI. CHAPTER XXXIII. Page. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. November 15, 1862-January 25,1863 1-1152 VOLUME XXIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIV. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the Northwest. November 20, 1862-December 31, 1803. Page. Part IReports - 1-926 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-116 Page R012 XII CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XXIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXV. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. Jan nary 21-August 10, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-858 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-986 VOLUME XX1VJN ThREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVI. Operations in Mississippi and West Tennessee, including those in Arkansas and Louisiana connected with the Siege of Vickshurg. January 20-August 10. 1863. Page. Part 1Reports, January 20-May 15, including the Ceneral Reports for whole period. January 20August 10 757 Part lIReports, May 16-August 10 1-699 Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1-1070 VOLUME XXVIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVII. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 26-June 3, 1863. Page. Part I- Reports 1-1123 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-862 VOLUME XXVJIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVIII. Operations in West Florida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico. May 14December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports, Union Correspondence, etc r-920 Part IlConfederate Correspondence, etc. 1-581 VOLUME XXVJIIN ThREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIX. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania. and Department of the East. June 3-August 3,1863. Page. Part IReports 1-1059 Part IlReports 1-1005 Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1-1092 VOLUME XXVIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XL. Operations on the coasts of SouthCarolina and Georgia, and in Middle and East Florida. June 12- December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-755 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-609 VOLUME XXIXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLI. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia. Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-De. cember 31, 1861. Page. Part IReports 1-1018 Part lICorrespondence, etc 1-93 Page R013 COT~TENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. XIII VOLUME XXXIN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863. Page. Part 1Reports 1 Part IlReports 1-821 Part litUnion Correspondence, etc 1-1017 Part tVUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-768 VOLIJME XXXIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. October 20-December 31,1863. Page. Part IReports and Union Correspondence 1-852 Part IlReports 1-782 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc .... 1-893 VOLUME XXXIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIV. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia. January 1-April 30,1864. Page. Part iReports P703 Part tiUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-833 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-879 VOLUME XXXIII. CHAPTER XLV. Page. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Jan uary 1-April 30,1864 1.1335 VOLUME XXXIVIN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLVI. Operations in Louisiana and the Trans-Mississippi States and Territories. January 1-June 30, 1864. Page. Part IReports 1-1058 Part tiUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-1107 Part litUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-835 Part tVUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-701 VOLUME XXXV1N TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLVII. Operations in South Carolina and Plorida, and on the Georgia Coast. January 1-November 13,1864. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-646 Part tIUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-65 Page R014 xlv CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XXXVIIN ThREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLVIII. Operations in Southeastern Virginia and North Carolina, May 1-June 12, 1864. Page. Part IReports 1-1101 Part ItReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc i-1o~r Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-903 VOLUME XXXVHIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLIX. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, May 1-August 3, 1864. Page. Part IReports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-770 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence 1-60 Page R015 Ti CD ~~-~~--T1. ~ S unday. ~ ~ ~ Monday. 4~ -1 ~ 01 ~ . 0! ~ __ 4~ . 4\.~ ~ c~ ~ 0! .~ K! ~ 0~. ~ 0~ 3~ & ~ ~ ~ 1 3 01 4-~ -~1 0 0~ .~4 ~ 3~ ~ 1..) ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ 03 13 ~ 0 03 0 CD 0 0 ~3 t3~ 0 1 ~ 01 0 0 CI) CD 0! O~ . -K! 0 03 0 0 ~3 43 C~i ~ ~ .~. .~j 4 3 43 4- 4.3 41.3 4- K! 0 03 0 ~3 43 01 X 43 1 3 4- 33 (~ ~ 4- K! 0 413 43 4- 413 01 C~ ~ 034.34- 0 CO 0 ~.3 43 03434-4- 4- 4- Z1 0 33 43 4- 4- 4- 01 CC 4- 4- 1 34-4- . 1 31 34- . 331 34- 4- ~ ~ ~ 4- . 33 ~3 0 33 0 C3 43 -4- 0 ~0 43 01 Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. 1 ~ ~ 4- - o c~ -~ o ~ ~. Wednesday. 434-4- . 43434- . 43434- . 43~ 4- .74 ~ 33 . .74 ~ 33 33 . 43 ~ ~ 4- . 01 X ~ 4- (~ .... 4- .74 43 4- 4- . 43 413 4- 33 4 3 4- 01 CC ~ 4-. CC 4- 4- -~ ~ 33 33 ~3 413. 413434- 0 C3 1 3 01. 1~ 1 3 01 CC 4- 434-4- . 43434- 0 ~3 43 01 . 1 3 01 03 4- 13 4- 4- . 43 43 4- . 33 43 ~- 4- -~ 0 33. -K! 0 33 0 . 0 33 0 ~3 43 Tiiursda~. Friday. Saturday. C-4 Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Saturday Page R016 & Page 1 CHA~PTER IL. THE ATLANTA (GEORGIA) CAMPAIGN. May 1September 8,1864. ~PART J* GENERAL REPORT. Report qf Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding Armies of the United States, of operations March, 1864May, 1865. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D. C., July 22, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to. submit the following report of the operations of the armies of the United States from the date of my appointment to command the same: From an early period in the rebellion I had been inipressed with the idea that active and continuous operations of all the troops that could be brought into the field, regardless of season anil weather, were necessary to a speedy termination of the war. The resources of the enemy and his numerical strength were far inferior to ours, but as an offset to this we had a vast territory, with a population hostile to the Government, to garrison, and long lines of river and railroad communicatioiis to protect, to enable us to supply the oper- ating armies. The armies in the East and West acted independently and without concert, like a balky team, no two ever pulling together, enabling the enemy to use to great advantage his interior lines of communi- cation for transporting troops from east to west, re-enforcing the army most vigorously pressed, and to furlough 1ar~e numbers, dur- ing seasons of inactivity on our part, to go to their homes and do the work of producing for the support of their armies. It was a question whether our numerical strength and resources were not more than balanced by these disadvantages and the enemys superior position. * Embraces reports of the lieutenant-general commanding the armies of the United States, the general and general staff of the Military Division of the Missis- sippi, the Army of the Cumberland, and the Fourth and Fourteenth Army Corps; the Twentieth Corps and cavalry (Army of the Cumberland) and Twenty-third Corps and cavalry (Army of the Ohio) will appear in Part II; the Army of the Tennessee (consisting of the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Corps), and the Confederate Army, are embraced in Part III. (1) 1 R RvoL XXXvHI, PT Page 2 2 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. From the first I was firm in the conviction that no peace could be had that would be stable and conducive to the happiness of the ~eo- ple, both North and South, until the military power of the rebel ion was entirely broken. I therefore determine d, first, to use the great- est number of troops practicable against the armed force of the en- emy, preventing him from rising the same force at different seasons against first one and then another of our armies, and the possibility of repose for refitting and producing necessary supplies for carrying on resistance; second, to hammer continuously against the armed force of the enemy and his resources until, by mere attrition, if in no other way, there should be nothing left to him but an equal sub- mission with the loyal section of our common country to the consii- tution and laws of the land. These views have been kept constantly in mind, and orders given and campaigns made to carry them out. Whether they might have been better in conception and execution is for the people, who mourn the loss of friends fallen, and who have to pay the pecuniary cost, to say. All I can say is, that what I have done has been done conscientiously, to the best of my ability, and in what I conceived to be for the best interests of the whole country. At the date when this report begins the situation of the contend- ing forces was about as follows: The Mississippi River was strongly garrisoned by Federal troops from Saint Louis, Mo., to its mouth. The line of the Arkansas was also held, thus giving us armed pos- session of all west of the Mississippi north of that stream. A few points in Southern Louisiana, not remote from the river, were held by us, together with a small garrison at and near the mouth of the Rio Grande. All the balance of the vast territory of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas was in the almost undisputed possession of the enemy, with an army of probably not less than 80,000 effective men that could have been brought into the field had there been suf- ficient opposition to have brought them out. The let-alone policy had demoralized this force, so that probably but little more than one-half of it was ever present in garrison at any one time. But the one-half, or 40,000 men, with the bands of guerrillas scattered through Missouri, Arkansas, and along the Mississippi River, and the disloyal character of much of the population, compelled the use of a large number of troops to keep navigation open on the river and to protect the loyal people to the west of it. To the east of the Mississippi we held substantially with the line of the Tennessee and Holston Rivers, running eastward to include nearly all of the State of Tennessee. South of Chattanooga a small foothold had been obtained in Georgia, sufficient to protect East Tennessee from incur- sions from the enemys force at Dalton, Ga. West Virginia was substantially within our lines. Virginia, with the exception of the northern border, the Potomac River, a small area about the mouth of James River covered by the troops at Norfolk and Fort Monroe, and the territory covered by the Army of the Potomac lying along the Rapidan, was in the possession of the enemy. Along the sea- coast footholds had been obtained at Plymouth, Washington, and New Berne, in North Carolina; Beaufort, Folly, and Morris Islands, Hilton Head, Fort Pulaski, and Port I~oyal, in South Carolina; Fernandina and Saint Augustine, in Florida. Key West and Pen- sacola were also in our possession, while all the important ports were blockaded by the Navy. The accompanying map,* a copy of which was sent to General Sherman and other commanders in March, * See explanatory foot-note, Vol. XXXII, Part III, p. 261 Page 3 CHAP. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 3 1864, shows by red lines the territory occupied by us at the begin- fling of the rebellion and at the opening of the campaign of 1864, while those in blue are the lines which it was proposed to occupy. Behind the Union lines there were many bands of guerrillas and a large population disloyal to the Government, making it necessary to guard every foot of road or river used in supplying our armies. In the South a reign of military despotism prevailed, which made every man and boy capable of bearing arms a soldier, and those who could not bear arms in the field acted as provosts for collecting de- serters and returning them. This enabled the enemy to bring almost his entire strength into the field. The enemy had concentrated the bulk of his forces east of the Mis- sissippi into two armies, commanded by Generals R. E. Lee aiid J. E. Johnston, his ablest and best generals. The army commanded by Lee occupied the south bank of the Rapidan, extending from Mine Run westward, strongly intrenched, covering and defending Richmond, the rebel capital, against the Army of the Potomac. The army under Johnston occupied a strongly intrenched position at Dalton, Ga., covering and defending Atlanta, Ga., a place of great importance as a railroad center, against the armies under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman. In addition to these armies, he had a large cavalry force under Forrest in Northeast Mississippi; a considerable force of all arms in the Sheiiandoah Valley and in the western part of Virginia and extreme eastern part o~ Tennessee, and also con- fronting our sea-coast garrisons and holding blockaded ports where we had no foothold upon land. These two armies, and the cities covered and defended by them, were the main objective points of the campaign. Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, who was appointed to the command of the Military Division of the Mississippi, embracing all the armies and territory east of the Mississippi River to the Alleghanies, and the Department of Arkansas, west of the Mississippi, had the imme- diate command of the armies operating against Johnston. Maj. Gen. George G. Meade had the immediate command of the Army of the Potomac, from where II exercised general supervision of the movements of all dur armies. General Sherman was instructed* to move against Johnstons army, to break it up, and to ~o into the interior of the enemys country as far as he could, inflicting all the daniage he could upon their war resources; if the enemy in his front showed signs~ of join- ing Lee, to follow him up to the full extent of his ability, while I would prevent the concentration of Lee upon him if it was in the power of the Army of the Potomac to do so. More specific written instructions were not given, for the reason that I had talked over with him the plans of the campaign, and was satisfied that he under- stood them and would execute them to the fullest extent possible. Maj. Gen. N. P. Banks, then on an expedition up Red River against Shreveport, La. (which had been organized previous to my appointment to command), was notified by me on the 15th of March of the importance it was that Shreveport should be taken at the earliest possible day, and that if he found that the taking of it would occupy from ten to fifteen days more time than General Sherman had given his troops A~o be absent from their command, he would send them back at the time specified by General Sherman, even if it led to the abandonment of the main object of the Red River expe- See Vol. XXXII, Part III, p. 245 Page 4 [cHAP. L. 4 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. dition, for this force was necessary to movements east of the Missis- sippi; that should his expedition prove successful, he would hold Shreveport and the Red River with such force as he might deem necessary, and return the balance of his troops to the neighborhood of New Orleans, commencing no move for the further acquisition of territory unless it was to make that then held by him more easily held; that it might be a part of the spring campaign to move against Mobile; that it certainly would be if troops enough could be obtained to make it without embarrassing other movements; that New Orleans would~ be the point of departure for such an expedition; also, that I had directed General Steele to make a real move from Arkansa~, as suggested by him (General Banks), instead of a demonstration, as Steele thought advisable. On the 31st of March, in addition to the foregoing notification and directions, he was instructed as follows: Maj. Gen. N. P. BANKS: First. If successful in your expedition against Shreveport, that you turn over the defense of the Red River to General Steele and the navy. Second. That you abandon Texas entirely, with the exception of your hold upon the Rio Grande. This can be held with 4,000 men, if they will turn their attention immediately to fortifying their positions. At least one-half of the force required for this service might be taken from the colored troops. Third. By properly fortifying on the Mississippi River, the force to guard it from Port Hudson to New Orleans can be reduced to 10,000 men, if not to a less number. Six thousand more would then hold all the rest of the territory necessary to hold until active operations can again be resumed west of the river. According to your last returns, this would give you a force of over 30,000 effective men with which to move against Mobile. To this I expect to add 5,000 men from Missouri. If, how- ever, you think the force here stated too small to hold the territory regarded as necessary to hold possession of, I would say concentrate at least 25,000 men of your present command for operations against Mobile. With these, and such additions as I can give you from elsewhere, lose no time in making a demonstration, to be followed by an attack upon Mobile. Two or more iron-dads will be ordered to report to Admiral Farragut. This gives him a strong naval fleet with which to co-operate. You can make your own arrangements with the admiral for his co-op- eration, and select your own line of approach. My own idea of the matter is that Pascagoula should be your base; but, from your long service in the Gulf Depart- ment, you will know best about the i~atter. It is intended that your movements shall be co-operative with movements elsewhere, and you cannot now start too soon. All I would now add is that you commence the concentration of your forces at once. Preserve a profound secrecy of what you intend doing, and start at the earliest possible moment. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General Meade was instructed* that Lees army would be his objective point; that wherever Lee went he would go also. For his movement two plans presented themselves: One to cross the Rapidan below Lee, moving by his right flank; the other above, moving by his left. Each presented advantages over the other with corresponding objections. By crossing above, Lee would be cut off from all chance of ignoring Richmond or going north on a raid. But if we took this route all we did would have to be done while the rations we started with held out; besides, it separated us from But- ler, so that he could not be directed how to .co-operate. If we took the other route, Brandy Station could be used as a base of supplies until another was secured on the York or James Rivers. Of these, however, it was decided to take the lower route. The following letter of instruction was addressed to Maj. Gen. B. F. Butlei: * See Vol. XXXIII, p. 827 Page 5 Caip. L.1 GENEflAL flEPOI~T. 5 FORT MONROE, VA., April 2, 1864. Maj. Gen. B. F. I3tTTLER:. GENERAL: In the spring campaign, which it is desirable shall commence at as early a day as practicable, it is proposed to have co-operative action of all the armies in the field, as far as this object can be accomplished. It will not be possible to unite our armies into two or three large ones to act as so many units, owing to the absolute n.ecessity of holding on to the territory already taken from the enemy. But, generally speaking, concentration can be practically effected by armies moving to the interior of the enemys country from the territory they have to guard. By such movements they interpose ~themselves between the enemy and the country to be guarded, thereby reducing the number necessary to guard important points, or at least occupy the attention of a part of the enemys force, if no greater object is gained. Lees army and Richmond being the greater objects toward which our attention must be directed in the next campaign, it is desirable to unite all the force we can against them, The necessity of covering Washington with the Army of the Potomac, and of covering your department with your army, makes it impossible to unite these forces at the beginning of any move. I propose, therefore, what comes nearest this of anything that seems practicable: The Army of the Potomac will act from its present base, Lees army being the ob- jective point. You will collect all the forces from your command that can be spared from garrison dutyI should say not less than 20,000 effective mento operate on the south side of James River, Richmond being your objective point. To the force you already have will be added about 10,000 men from South Carolina, under Major-General Gillmore, who will command them in person. Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith is ordered to report to you, to command the troops sent into the field from your own department. General Gillmore will be ordered to report to you at Fort- ress Monroe, with all the troops on transports, by the 18th instant, or as soon there- after as practicable. Should you not receive notice by that time to move, you will make such disposition of them and your other forces as you may deem best calcu- lated to deceive the enemy as to the real move to be niade. When you are notified to move, take City Point with as much force as possible. Fortify or rather intrench at once, and concentrate all your troops for the field there as rapidly as you can. From City Point directions cannot be given at this time for your further movements. The fact that has already been statedthat is, that Richmond is to be your objective point, and that there is to be co-operation between your force and the Army of the Potomacmust be your guide. This indicates the necessity of your holding close to the south bank of the James River as you advance. Then, should the enemy be forced into his intrenchments in Richmond, the Armyof the Potomac would follow, and by means of transports the two armies would become a unit. All the minor details of your advance are left entirely to your direction. If, how- ever, you think it practicable to use your cavalry south of you, so as to cut the rail- road about Hicksford about the time of the general advance, it would be of im- mense advantage. You will please forward for my information, at the earliest practicable day, all orders, details, and instructions you may give for the execution of this order. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the 16th these instructions were substantially reiterated. * On the 19th [15th], in order to secure full co-operation between his army and that of General Meade, he was informed that I expected him to move from Fort Monroe the same day that General Meade moved from Culpeper. The exact time I was to telegraph him as soon as it was fixed, and that it would not be earlier than the 27th of April; that it was my intention to fight Lee between Onipeper and Richmond if he would stand. Should he, Irowever, fall back into Richmond, I would follow up and make a junction with his (General Butlers) army on the James River; that, could I be certain he would be able to invest Richmond on the south side so as to have his left resting on the James above the city, I would form the junc- tion there; that circumstances might make this course advisable anyhow; that he should use every exertion to secure footing as far *See Vol. XXXIII, p. 885. + See Vol. XXXIII, p. 904 Page 6 TIlE A~1LANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. up the south side of the river as lie could, and as soon as possible after the receipt of orders to move; that if he, could not carry the city, he should at least detain as large a force there as possible. In co-operation with the main movements against Lee an~ Johnston, I was desirous of using all other troops necessarily kept in departments remote from the fields of immediate operations, and also those kept in the background for the protection of our extended lines between the loyal States and the armies operating against them. A very considerable force, under command of Major-General Sigel, was so held for the protection of West Virginia and the frontiers of Maryland and Pennsylvania. While these troops could not be withdrawn to distant fields without exposing the North to invasion by comparatively small bodies of the enemy, they could act directly to their front and give better protection than if lying idle in garrison. By such movement they would either compel the enemy to detach largely for the protection of his supplies and lines of communication or he would lose them. General Sigel was therefore directed to organize all his available force into two expeditions, to move from Beverly and Charleston, under cc~mmand of Generals Ord and Crook, against the East Ten- nessee and Virginia Railroad. Subsequently, General Ord having been relieved at his own request, General Sigel was instructed, at his own suggestion, to give up the expedition by Beverly and to form two columns, one under General Crook, on the Kanawha, numbering about 10,000 men, and one on the Shenandoah, number- ing about 7,000 men. The one on the Shenandoah to assemble between Cumberland and the Shenandoah, and the infantry and artillery advanced to Cedar Creek, with such cavalry as could be made available at the moment, to threaten the enemy in the Shenan- doah Valley, and advance as far as possible; while General Crook would take possession of Lewisburg with part of his force and move down the Tennessee Railroad, doing as much damage as he could, de stroying the New River bridge and the salt-works at Saltville, Va. * Owing to the weather and bad condition of the roads operations were delayed until the 1st of May, when, everything being in readi- ness and the roads favorable, orders were given for a general move- ment of all the armies not later than the 4th of May. My first object being to break the military power of the rebellion and cap- ture the enemys important strongholds, made me desirous that General Butler should succeed in his movement against Richmond, as that would tend more than anything else, unless it were the cap- ture of Lees army, to accomplish this desired result in the East. If he failed, it was my determination, by hard fighting, either to com- pel Lee to retreat or to so cripple him that he could not detach a large force to go north and still retain enough for the defense of Richmond. It was well understood by both Generals Butler and Meade before starting on the campaign that it was my intention to put both their armjes south of the James River in case of failure to destroy Lee without it. Before giving General Butler his instruc- tions I visited him at Fort Monroe3 and in conversation pointed out the apparent importance of getting possession of Petersburg and destroying railroad communication as far south as possible. Beli~v- ing, however, in the practicability of capturing Richmond unless it was re-enforced, I made that the objective point of his operations. *See Vol. XXXIII, pp. 874, 901, and 911 Page 7 CHAP. Li GEN1I~RAt REPOItI. As the Army of the Potomac was, to move simultaneously with him, Lee could not detach from his army with safety, and the enemy did not have troops elsewhere to bring to the defense of the city in time to meet a rapid movement from the north of James River. I may here state that, commanding all the armies as I did, I tried, as far as possible. to leave General Meade in independent command of the Army of the Potomac. My instructions for that army were all through him, and were general in their nature, leaving all the details and the execution to him. The campaigns that followed proved him to be the right man in the right ace is command- ing always in the presence of an officer superior to him in rank has drawn from him much of that public attention that his zeal and ability entitle him to, and which he would otherwise have received. The movement of the Army of the Potomac commenced early on the morning of the 4th of May, under the immediate direction and orders of Major-General Meade, pursuant to instructions. Before night the whole army was across the Rapidan (the Fifth and Sixth Corps crossing at Germanna Ford, and tih e Second Corps at United States [Elys] Ford, the cavalry, under Major-General Sheridan, mov- ing in advance), with the greater part of its trains, numbering about 4,000 wagons, meeting with but slight opposition. The average dis- tance traveled by the troops that day was about twelve miles. This I regarded as a great success, and it removed from my mind the most serious apprehensions I had entertained, that of crossing the river in the face of an active, large, well-appointed, and ably-com- manded army, and how so large a train was to be carried through a hostile country and protected. Early on the 5th the advance corps (the Fifth, Maj. Gen. G. K. Warren commanding) met and engaged the enemy outside his intrenchments near Mine Run. The battle raged furiously all day, the whole army being brought into the fight as fast as the corps could be got upon the field, which, considering the density of the forest and narrowness of the roads, was done with commendable promptness. General Buruside, with the Ninth Corps, was at the time the Army of the Potomac moved, left with the bulk of his corps at the crossing of the Rappahannock River and Alexandria railroad, holding the road back to Bull Run, with instructions not to move until he re- ceived notice that a crossing of the Rapidan was secured, but to move promptly as soon as such notice was received. This crossing he was apprised of on the afternoon of the 4th. By 6 oclock of the morning of the 6th he was leading his corps into action near the Wilderness Tavern, some of his troops having marched a distance of over thirty miles, crossing both the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers. Con- sidering that a large proportion (probably two-thirds) of his com- mand was composed of new troops, unaccustomed to marches and carrying the accouterments of a soldier, this was a remarkable march. The battle of the Wilderness was renewed by us at 5 oclock on the morning of the 6th, and continued with unabated fury until dark- ness set in, each army holding substantially the same position that they had on the evening of the 5th. After dark the enemy made a feeble attempt toturn our right flank, capturing several hundred prisoners and creating considerable confusion. But the promptness of General Sedgwick, who was personally present and commanded that part of our line, soon reformed it and restored order. On the morning of the 7th reconnaissances showed that the enemy had fallen behind his intrenched lines, with pickets to the front, cover Page 8 8 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. ing a p art of the battle-field. From this it was evident to my mind that the two days fighting had satisfied him of his inability to fur- ther maintain the contest in the open field, notwithstanding his ad- vantage of position, and that he would await an attack behind his works. I therefore determined to push on and put my whole force between him and Richmond, and orders were at once issued for a movement by his right flank. On the nightof the 7th the march was commenced toward Spotsylvania Court-House, the Fifth Corps moving on the most direct road. But the enemy having become apprised of our movement, and having the shorter line, was enabled to reach there first. On the 8th General Warren met a force of the enemy which had been sent out to oppose and delay his advance, to gain time to fortify the line taken up at Spotsylvania. This force was steadily driven back on the main force, within the recently con- structed works, after considerable fighting, resulting in severe loss to both sides. On the morning of the 9th General Sheridan started on a raid against the enemys lines of communication with Rich- mond. The 9th, 10th, and 11th were spent in maneuvering and fighting, without decisive results. Among the killed on the 9th was That able and distinguished soldier, Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick, commanding the Sixth Army Corps. Maj. Gen. H. G. Wright suc- ceeded him in command. Early on the morning of the 12th a gen- eral attack was made on the enemy in position. The Second Corps, Major-cfeneral Hancock commanding, carried a salient of his line, capturing most of Johnsons division, of Ewells corps, and 20 pieces of artillery. But the resistance was so obstinate that the ad- vantage gained did not prove decisive. The 13th, 14th, lbth, 1.6th, 17th, and 18th were consumed in maneuvering and awaiting the arrival of re-enforcements from Washington. Deeming it imprac- ticable to make any further attack upon the enemy at Spotsylvania Court-House, orders were issued on the 18th with a view to a move- ment to the North Anna, to commence at 12 oclock on the night of the 19th. Late in the afternoon of the 19th Ewells corps came out of its works on our extreme right flank, but the attack was promptly repulsed with heavy loss. This delayed the movement to the North Anna until the night of the 21st, when it was commenced. But the enemy, again having the shorter line and being in possession of the main roads, was enabled to reach the North Anna in advance of us, and took position behind it. The Fifth Corps reached tIme North Anna on the afternoon of the 23d, closely followed by the Sixth~ Corps. The Second and Ninth Corps got up about the sam~ time, the Second holding the railroad bridge and the Ninth lying between that and Jericho Ford. General Warren effected a crossing the same afternoon and got a position without much opposition. Soon after getting into position he was violently attacked, but repulsed the enemy~ with great slaughter. On the 2~th General Sheridan rejoined the Army of the Potomac from the raid on which he started from Spotsylvania, having destroyed the depots at Beaver Dam and Ashland Stations, four trains of cars, large supplies of rations, and many miles of railroad track; recaptured about 400 of our men on their way to Richmond as prisoners of war; met and defeated the enemys cavalry at Yellow Tavern; carried the first line of works around Richmond, but . finding the second line too strong to be carried by assault recrossed to the north bank of the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge, under heavy fire, and moved by a detour to Haxalls Landing, on the James River, where he comm Page 9 CnAP. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 9 nicated with General Butler. This raid had the effect of drawing off the whole of the enemys cavalry force, making it comparatively easy to guard our trains. General Butler moved his main force up the James River, in pur- suance of instructions, on the 4th of May, General Giilmore having joined him with the Tenth Corps. At the same time he sent a force of 1,800 cavalry, by way of West Point, to form a junction with him wherever he might get a foothold, and a force of 3,000 cavalry, under General Kautz, from Suffolk, to operate against the roads south of Petersburg and Richmond. On the ~h he occupied, without oppo- sition, both City Point and Bermuda Hundred, his movement being a complete surprise. On the 6th he was in position with his main army and commenced intrenching. On the 7th he made a recon- naissance against the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad, destroy- ing a portion of it after some fighting. On the 9th he telegraphed as follows: HEADQUARTERS, Near Bermuda Landing, May 9, 1864. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: Our operations may be summed up in a few words. With 1,700 cavalry we have advanced up the Peninsula, forced the Chickahominy, and have safely brought them to our present position. These were colored cavalry, and are now holding our advance pickets toward Richmond. General Kautz, with 3,000 cavalry from Suf- folk, on the same day with our movement up James River, forced the Blackwater burned the railroad bridge at Stony Creek, below Petersburg, cutting in two Beau- regards force at that point. We have landed here, intrenched ourselves, de- stroyed many miles of railroad, and got a position which, with proper supplies, we can hold out against the whole of Lees army. I have ordered up the supplies. Beauregard with a large portion of his force was left south by the cutting of the railroads by Kautz. That portion which reached Petersburg under Hill I have whipped to-day, killing and wounding many and taking many prisoners, after a severe and well-contested fight. General Grant will not be troubled with any fur- ther re-enforcements to Lee from Beauregards force. BENJ. F. BUTLER, Major-General. On the evening of the 13th and morning of the 14th he carried a portion of the enemys first line of defenses at Drewrys Bluff, or Fart Darling, with small loss. The time thus consumed from the 6th lost to us the benefit of the surprise and capture of Richmond and Petersburg, enabling, as it did, Beauyegard to collect his loose forces in North and South Carolina, and bring them to the defense of thos~ places. On the 16th the enemy attacked General Butler in his position in front of Drewrys Bluff. He was forced back, or drew back, into his intrenchments between the forks of the James and Appomattox Rivers, the enemy intrenching strongly in his front, thus covering his railroads, the city, and all that was valuable to him. His army, therefore, though in a position of great secur- ity, was as completely shut off from further operations directly against Richmond as if it had been in a bottle strongly corked. It required but a comparatively small force of the enemy to hold it there. On the 12th General Kautz with his cavalry was started on a raid against the Danville railroad, which he struck at Coalfield, Powhatan, and Cliula Stations, destroying them, the railroad track, two freight trains, and one locomotive, together with large quanti- ties of commissary and other stores; thence crossing to the South Side road, struck it at Wilsons, Wellville, and Blacks and Whites Stations, destroying the road and station-houses; thence he pro Page 10 10 THE ATLANTA JAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. ceeded to City Point, which he reached on the 18th. On the 19th of April, and prior to the movement of General Butler, the enemy, with a land force under General Hoke and an iron-clad ram, attacked Plymouth, N. C., commanded by General H. W. Wessells, and our gun-boats there, and after severe fighting the place was car- ried by assault, and the entire garrison and armament captured. The gun-boat Southfleld was sunk and the Miami disabled. * The army sent to operate against Richmond having hermetically sealed itself up at Bermuda Hundred, the enemy was enabled to bring the most if not all the re-enforcements brought from the south by Beauregard against the Army of the Potomac. In. addition to this re-enforcement, a very considerable one, probably not less than 15,000 men,, was obtained by calling in the scattered troops nuder Breckinridge from the western part of Virginia. The posi- tion at Bermuda Hundred was as easy to defend as it was difficult to operate from against the enemy. I determined, therefore, to bring from it all available forces, leaving enough only to secure what had been gained, and accordingly, on the 22d, I directed that they be sent forward, under command of Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith, to join the Army of the Potomac. On the 24th of May the Ninth Army Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. A. E. Bnrnside, w~is assigned to the Army of the Potomac, and from this time forward constituted a portion of Major-General Meades command. Finding the enemys position on the North Anna stronger than either of his previous ones, I withdrew on the night of the 26th to the north bank of the North Anna, and moved via Hanovertown to turn the enemys position by-his right. Generals Torbert and Mer- ritts divisions of cavalry, under Sheridan, and the Sixth Corps led the advance; crossed the Pamnunkey River at Hanovertown after considerable fighting, and on the 28th the two divisions of cavalry had a severe but successful engagement with the enemy at Haws Shop. On the 29th and 30th we advanced, with heavy skirmishing, to the Hanover Court-House and Cold Harbor road, and developed the enemys position north of the Chickahominy. Late on the even- ing of the last day the enemy came out and attacked our left, but was repulsed with very considerable loss.. Au attack was immedi- ately ordered by General Meade along his whole line, which resulted in driving the enemy from a part of his intrenched skirmish line. On the 31st General Wilsons division of cavalry destroyed the rail- road bridges over the South Anna River, after defeating the enemys cavalry. General Sheridan, on the same day, reached Cold Harbor, and held it until relieved by the Sixth Corps and General Smiths command, which had just arrived, via White House, from General Butlers army. On the 1st day of June an attack was made at 5 p. m. by the Sixth Corps and the troops under General Smith, the other corps being held in readiness to advance on the receipt of orders. This resulted in our carrying and holding the enemys first line of works in front of the right of the Sixth Corps and in front of General Smith. During the attack the enemy made repeated assaults on each of the corps not engaged in the main attack, but were repulsed with heavy loss in every instance. That night he made several assaults to regain what he had lost in the day. but failed. The 2d was spent in getting troops into position for an attack on the 3d. On the 3d of June we * See Vol. XXXIII, p. 278 Page 11 C~. L.1 GENERAL REPORT. 11 again assaulted the enemys works in the hope of driving him from his position. In this attempt our loss was heavy, while that of the enemy, I have reason to believe, was comparatively light. It was the only general attack made from the Rapidan to the James which did not inflict upon the enemy losses to compensate for our own losses. I would not be understood as saying that all previous at- tacks resulted in victories to our arms, or accomplished as much as I had hoped from them, but they inflicted upon the enemy severe losses, which tended in the end to the complete overthrow of the rebellion. From the proximity of the enemy to his defenses around Rich- mond it was impossible by any flank movement to interpose between him and the city. I was still in a condition to either move by his left flank and invest Richmond from the north side, or continue my move by hisright flank to the south side of the James. While the former might have been better as a covering for Washington yet a full survey of all the ground satisfied me that it would be impracti- cable to hold a line north and east of Richmond that would protect the Fredericksburg railroada long, vulnerable line which would exhaust much of our strength to guard, and that would have to be protected to supply the army, and would leave open to the enemy all his lines of communication on the south side of the Janies. My idea, from the start, had been to beat Lees army north of Richmond if possible; then, after destroying his lines of communication north of the James River, to transfer the army to the south side and besiege Lee in Richmond or follow him south if he should retreat. After the battle of the Wilderness it was evident that the enemy deemed it of the first importance to run no risks with the army he then had. He acted purely on the defensive behind breast-works, or. feebly on the offensive immediately in front of them, and where, in case~ of repulse, he could easily retire behind them. Without a greater sacri- fice of life than I was willing to make, all could not be accomplished that I had designed north of Richmond. I therefore determined to continue to hold substantially the ground we then occupied, tak- ing advantage of any favorable circumstances that might present themselves, until the cavalry could be sent to Charlottesville and Gordonsville to effectually break up the railroad connection between Richmond and the Shenandoah Valley and Lynchburg, and when the cavalry got well off to move the army to the soutl4 side of the James River, by the enemys right~ flank, where I felt I could cut off all his sources of supply except by the canal. On the 7th two divisions of cavalry, under General Sheridan, got off on the expedition against the Virginia Central Railroad with instructions to Hunter, whom I hoped he would uleet near Char- lottesville, to join his forces to Sheridans, and af~er the work laid out for them was thoroughly done to join the Army of the Potomac by the route laid down in Sheridans instructions. On the 10th r 9th] of June General Butler sent a force of infantry undqr General Gil lmore, and of cavalry under General Kautz, to capture Petersburg if possi- ble, and destroy the railroad and common bridges across the Appo- mattox. The cavalry carried the works on the south side and pene- trated well in toward the town, but were forced to retire. General Gillmore, finding the works which he approached very strong, and deeming an assault impracticable, returned to Bermuda Hundred without attempting one. Attaching great importance to the posses- sion of Petersburg, I sent back to Bermuda Hundred and City Poin Page 12 12 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Cuiip. L. General Smiths command by water, via the White House, to reach there in advance of the Army of the Potomac. This was for the ex- press purpose of securing Petersburg before the enemy, becoming aware of our intention, could re-enforce the p lace. The movement from Cold Harbor commenced after dark on the evening of the 12th; one division of cavalry, under General Wilson, and the Fifth Corps crossed the Chickahominy at Long Bridge, and moved out to White Oak Swamp, to cover the crossings of the other corps. The advance corps reached James River, at Wilcoxs Landing and Charles City Conrt-House, on the night of the 13th. During three long years the Armies of the Potomac and Northern Virginia had been confronting each other. In that time they had fought more desperate battles than it probably ever before fell to the lot of two armies to fight, without materially changing the vantage ground of eitLer. The Southern press and people, with more shrewdness than was displayed in the North, finding that they had failed to capture Washington and march on to New York, as they had boasted they would do, assumed that they only defended their capital and Southern territory. Hence, Antietam, Gettysburg, and all other battles that had been fought were by them set down as failures on our part and victories for them. Their army believed this. It produced a morale which could only be overcome by des- perate and continuous hard fighting. The battles of the Wilder- ness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, and Cold Harbor, bloody and ter- - rible as they were on our side, were even more damaging to the enemy, and so crippled him as to make him wary ever after of tak- ing the offensive. His losses in men were probably not so great, owing to the fact that we were, save in the Wilderness, almost in- variably the attacking party, and when he did attack it was in the open field. The details of these battles, which for endurance and bravery on the part of the soldiery have rarely been surpassed, are given in the report of Major-General Meade, and the subordinate reports accompanying it. * During the campaign of forty-three days, from t.he Rapidan to James River, the army had to be supplied from an ever-shifting base by wagons, over narrow roads, th rough a densely wooded country, with a lack of wharves ~it each new base from which to conveniently discharge vessels. Too much credit cannot, therefore, be awarded to the quartermaster and commissary departments for the zeal and efficiency displayed by them. Under thQ general supervision of the chief quartermaster, Brig. Gen. R. Ingalls, the trains were made to occupy all the available roads be- tween the army and our water base, and but little difficulty was experienced in protecting them. The movement in the Kanawha and Shenandoah Valleys, under General Sigel, commenced on the 1st of May. General Crook, who had the immediate command of the Kanawha expedition, divided his forces into two columns, giving one, composed of cavalry, to General Averell. They crossed the mountains by separate routes. Averell struck time Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, near Wytheville, on the 10th, and proceeding to New River and Christiansburg, destroyed the road, several imttportant bridges and depots, including New River bridge, forming a junction with Crook at Union on the 15th. Gen- eral Sigel moved up the Shenandoah Valley, met the enemy at New Market on the 15th, and after a severe engagement was defeated with heavy loss, and retired behind Cedar Creek. Not regarding * See Vol. XXXVI, Part I Page 13 Cn.& p. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 13 the operations of General Sigel as satisfactory, I asked his removal from command, and Major-General Hunter was a p pointed to super- sede him. His instructions were embraced in the following dis- patches to Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, Chief of Staff of the Army: NEAR SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, VA., May 20, 1864. Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK: * * * * * * * The enemy are evidently relying for supplies greatly on such as are brought over the branch road running through Staunton. On the whole, therefore, I think it would be better for General Hunter to move in that direction; reach Staunton and Gordonsville or Charlottesville, if he does not meet too much opposition. If he can hold at bay a force equal to his own, he will be doing good service. * * * * * * * U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. JERICHO FORD, VA., May 25, 1864. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLEcK: If Hunter can possibly get to Charlottesville and Lynchburg, he should do so, living on the country. The railroads and canal should be destroyed beyond possi- bility of repairs for weeks. Completing this he could find his way back to his original base, or from about Gordonsville join this army. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. General Hunter immediately took up the offensive, and moving up the Shenandoah Valley, met the enemy on the 5th of June at Piedmont, and after a battle of ten hours routed and defeated him, capturing on the field of battle 1,500 men, 3 pieces of artillery, and 300 stand of small-arms. On the 8th of the same month he formed a junction with Crook and Averell at Staunton, from which place he moved direct on Lynchburg, via Lexington, which place he reached and invested on the 16th day of June. Up to this time he was very successful, and, but for the difficulty of taking with him sufficient ordnance stores over so long a march through a hostile country, he would no doubt have captured that (to the enemy) important point. The destruction of the enemys supplies and manufactories was very great. To meet this movement under General Hunter, General Lee sent a force, perhaps equal to a corps, a part of which reached Lynchburg a short time before Hunter. After some skirmishing on the 17th and 18th, General Hunter, owing to a want of ammunition to give battle, retired from before the place. Unfortunately, this want of ammunition left him no choice of route for his return but by way of Kanawha. This lost to us the use of his troops for several weeks from the defense of the North. Had General Hunter moved by way of Charlottesville, instead of Lexington, as his instructions~ contemplated, he would have been in a position to have covered the Shenandoah Valley against the enemy, should the force he met have seemed to endanger it. If it did not, he would have been within easy distance of the James River Canal, on the main line of com- munication between Lynchburg and the force sent for its defense. I have never taken exception to the operations of General Hunter, and I am not now disposed to find fault with him, for I have no doubt he acted within what he conceived to be the spirit of his in- structions and the interests of the service. The promptitude of his movements and his gallantry should entitle him to the commenda- tion of his country. * * Subordinate reports of Sigels and Hunters operations appear in Vol. XXXVII, Part I Page 14 14 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. To return to the Army of the Potomac: The Second Corps com- menced crossing the James River on the morning of the 14th by ferry-boats at Wilcoxs Landing. The laying of the pontoon bridge was completed about midnight of the 14th, and the crossing of the balance of the army was rapidly pushed forward by both bridge and ferry. After the crossing had commenced I proceeded by a steamer tp Bermuda Hundred -to give the necessary orders for the immediate capture of Petersburg. The instructions to General Butler were verbal, and were for him to send General Smith immediately, that night, with all the troops he could give him without sacrificing the position he then held. I told him that I would return at once to the Army of the Potomac, hasten its crossing, and throw it forward to Petersburg by divisions as rapidly as it could be done; that we could re-enforce our armies more rapidly there than the enemy could bring troops against us. General Smith got off as directed, and confronted the enemys pickets near Petersburg before daylight next morning, but, for some reason that I have never been able to satisfactorily un- derstand, did not get ready to assault his main lines until near sun- down. Then, with a part of his command only, he made the assault, and carried the lines northeast of Petersburg from the Appomattox River, for a distance of over two and one-half miles, capturing 15 pieces of artillery and 300 prisoners. This was about 7 p. m. Between the line thus captured and Petersburg there were no other works, and there was no evidence that the enemy had re-enforced Petersburg with a single brigade from any source. The night was clear, the moon shining brightly, and favorable to further operations. General Hancock, with two divisions of the Second Corps, reached General Smith just after dark, and offered the service of these troops as he (Smith) might wish, waiving rank to the named commander, who he naturally supposed knew best the position of affairs and what to do with the troops. But instead of taking these troops and push- ing at once into Petersburg, he requested General Hancock to relieve a part of his line in the captured works, which was done before mid- night. By the time I arrived the next morning the enemy was in force. An attack was ordered to be made at 6 oclock that evening by the troops under Smith and the Second and Ninth Corps. It re- quired until that time for the Ninth Corps to get up and into posi- tion. The attack was made as ordered, and the fighting continued with but little intermission until 6 oclock the next morning, and re- sulted in our carrying the advance and some of the main works of the enemy to the right (our left) of those previously captured by General Smith, several pieces of artillery, and over 400 prisoners. The Fifth Corps having got up, the attacks were renewed and per- sisted in with great vigor on the 17th and 18th, but only resulted in forcing the enemy to an interior line, from which he could not be dislodged. The advantages in position gained by us were very great. The army then proceeded to envelop Petersburg toward the South Side Railroad, as far as possible, without attacking fortifications. On the 16th the enemy, to re-enforce Petersburg, withdrew from a part of his intrenchment in front of Bermuda Hundred, expecting, no doubt, to get troops from north of the James to take the p lace of those withdrawn before we could discover it. General Butl~r, tak- ing advantage of this, at once moved a force on the railroad between Petersburg and Richmond. As soon as I was apprised of the advan- tage thus gained, to retain it I ordered two divisions of the Sixth Corps, General Wright commanding, that were embarking at Wi Page 15 Ciup. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 15. coxs Landing, under orders for City Point, to report to General Butler, at Bermuda Hundred, of which General Butler was notified, and the importance of holding a position in advance of his present line urged upon him. About 2 oclock in the afternoon General Butler was forced back to the line the enemy had withdrawn from in the morning. General Wright, with his two divisions, joined General Butler on the fore- noon of the 17th, the latter still holding with a strong picket-line the enemys works. But instead of putting these divisions into the enemys Works to hold them, he permitted them to halt and rest some distance in the rear of his own line. Between 4 and 5 oclock in the afternoon the enemy attacked and drove in his pickets and reoccupied his old line. On the night of the 20th and morning of the 21st a lodgment was effected by General Butler, with one brigade of infantry, on the north bank of the James, at Deep Bottom, and connected by pontoon bridge with Bermuda Hundred., On the 19th General Sheridan, on his return from his expedition against the Virginia Central Railroad, arrived at the White House just as the enemys cavalry was about to attack it, and compelled it to retire. The result of this expedition was that General Sheridan met the enemys cavalry near Trevilian Station on the morning of the 11th of June, whom he attacked and, after an obstinate contest, drove from the field in complete rout. He left his dead and nearly all his wounded in our hands, and about 400 prisoners and several hundred horses. On the 12th he destroyed the railroad from Tre- vilian Station to Louisa Court-House. This occupied until 3 p. in., when he advanced in the direction of Gordonsville. He found the enemy re-enforced by infantry, behind well-constructed rifle-pits, about five miles from the latter place, and too strong to successfully assault. On the extreme right, however, his reserve brigade carried the enemys works twice, and was twice driven therefrom by infan- try. Night closed the contest. Not having sufficient ammunition to continue the engagement, and his animals being without forage (the country furnishing but inferior grazing), and hearing nothing from General Hunter, lie withdrew his command to the north side of the North Anna, and commenced his return march, reaching Wh.~t,e House at the time before stated. After breaking up the depot at that place he moved to the James River, which he reached safely after heavy fighting. He commenced crossing on the 25th, near Fort Powhatan, without further molestation, and rejoined the Army of the Potomac. On the 22d General Wilson, with his own division of cavalry, of the Army of the Potomac, and General Kautzs division of cavalry, of the Army of the James, moved against the enemys railroads south of Richmond. Striking the Weldon railroad at Reams Sta- tion, destroying the depot amid several miles of the road and the South Side road about fifteen miles from Petersburg, to near Notto- way Station, where he met and defeated a force of tIme enemys cav- alry, he reached Burkeville Station on the afternoon of the 23d, and from there destroyed the Danville railroad to Roanoke bridge, a distance of twenty-five miles, where he found the enemy in force, and in a position from which he could not dislodge him. He then commenced his return march, and on the 28th met the enemys cav- alry in force at the Weldon railroad crossing of Stony Creek, where he had a severe but not decisive engagement. Thence he made a detour from his left, with a view of reaching Reams Station, sup Page 16 16 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. posing it to be in our possession. At this place he was met by the enemys cavalry, supported by infantry, and forced to retire, with the loss of his artillery and trains. In this last encounter General Kautz, with a part of his command, became separated and made his way into our lines. General Wilson, with the remainder of his force, succeeded in crossing the Nottoway River, and coming in safely on our left and rear. The damage to the enemy in this expedition more than compensated for the losses we sustained. It severed all con- nection by railroad with Richmond for several weeks. With a view of cutting the enemys railroad from near Richmond to the Anna Rivers, and making him wary of the situation of his army in the Shenandoah, and in the event of failure in this to take advantage of his iiecessary withdrawal of troops from Petersburg to explode a mine that had been prepared in front of the Ninth Corps and assault the enemys lines at that p lace, on the night of the 26th of July the Second Corps and two divisions of the Cavalry Corps and Kautz~ cavalry were crossed to the north bank of the James River and joined the force General Butler had there. On the 27th the enemy was driven from his intrenched position, with the loss of four pieces of artillery. On the 28th our lines were extended from Deep Bottom to New Market road, but in getting this position ~yere attacked by the enemy in heavy force. The fighting lasted for sev- eral hours, resulting in considerable loss to both sides. The first object of this move having failed, by reason of the very large force thrown there by the enemy, I determined to take advantage of the diversion made, by assaulting Petersburg before he could get his forcc back there. One division of the Second Corps was withdrawn on the night of the 28th, and moved during the night to the rear of the Eighteenth Corps, to relieve that corps in the line, that it might be foot-loose in the assault to be made. The other two divisions of the Second Corps and Sheridans cavalry were crossed over on the night of the 29th, and moved in front of Petersburg. On the morn- ing of the 30th, between 4 and ~ oclock, the mine was sprung, blow- ing up a battery and most of a regiment, and the advance of the assaulting column, formed of the Ninth Corps, immediately took possession of the crater made by the explosion, and the line for some distance to the right and left of it, and a detached line in front .of it, but for some cause failed to advance promptly to the ridge lrond. Had they done this, I have every reason to believe that Petersburg would have fallen. Other troops were immediately pushed forward, but the time consumed in getting them up enabled the enemy to rally from his surprise (which had been complete) andget forces to this point for its defense. The captured line thus held being untenable and of no advantage to us, the troops were withdrawn, but not with- out heavy loss. Thus terminated in disaster what promised to be the most successful assault of the campaign. * Immediately upon the enemy ascertaining that General Hunter was retreating from Lynchburg by way of the Kanawha River, thus laying the Shenandoah Valley open for raids into Maryland and Pennsylvania, he returned northward, and moved down that Valley. As soon as this movement of the enemy was ascertained, General Hunter, who had reached the Kanawha River, was directed to move his troops without delay, by river and railroad, to Harpers Ferry; but owing to the difficulty of navigation by reason of low water and * Subordinate reports of operations against Petersburg and Richrnond from June 13 to July 31, 1864, will appear in Vol. XL Page 17 CHAP. L.] GENERAL REPORT. breaks in the railroad, great delay was experienced in getting there. It became necessary, therefore, to find other troops to check this move- ment of the enemy. For this purpose the Sixth Corps was taken from the armies operating against Richmond, to which was added the Nineteenth Corps, then, fortunately, beginning to arrive in Hamp- ton Roads from the Gulf Department;under orders issued immedi- ately after the ascertainment of the result of the Red River expe- dition. The garrisons of Baltimore and Washington were at this time made up ~f heavy artillery regiments, 100-days men, and detach- ments from the Invalid Corps. One division, under command of General Ricketts, of the- Sixth Corps, was sent to Baltimore, and the remaining two divisions of the Sixth Corps, under General Wright, were subsequently sent to Washington. On the 3d of July the enemy approached Martinsburg; General Sigel, who was in command of our forces there, retreated across the Potomac at Shep- herdstown, and General Weber, commanding at Harpers Ferry, crossed the river and occupied Maryland Heights. On the 6th the enemy occupied Hagerstown, moving a strong column toward Fred- erick City. General Wallace, with Ricketts division and his own command, the latter mostly new and undisciplined troops, pushed out from Baltimore with great promptness and met the enemy in force on the Monocacy, near the crossing of the railroad bridge. His force was not sufficient to insure success, but he fought the en- emy nevertheless, and although it resulted in a defeat to our arms, yet it detained the enemy and thereby served to enable General Wright to reach Washington with two divisions of the Sixth Corps, and the ad Vance of the Nineteenth Corps before him. From Monoc- acy the enemy moved on Washington, his cavalry advance reaching Rockville on the evening of the 10th. On the 12th a reconnaissance was thrown out in front of Fort Stevens, to ascertain the enemys I)osition and force. A severe skirmish eiisued, in which we lost about 280 in killed and wounded. The enemys loss was probably greater. He commenced retreating during the night. Learning the exact con- dition of affairs at Washuijgton. I requested by telegraph, at 11.45 p. m. on the 12th, the assignment of Maj. Gen. H. G. Wright to the command of all the troops that could be made available to operate in the field against the enemy, and directed that he should get out- side of the trenches with all the force he could, and push Early to the last moment. General Wright commenced the pursuit on the 13th. On the 18th the enemy was overtaken at Snickers Ferry, on the Shenandoah, when a sharp skirmish occurred; and on the 20th General Averell encountered and defeated a portion of the rebel army at Winchester, capturing four pieces of artillery and several hun- dred prisoners. Learning that Early was retreating south toward Lynchburg or Richmond, I directed that the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps be got back to the armies operating against Richmond,so that they might be used in a movement against Lee before the return of the troops sent by him into the Valley, and that Hunter should re- main in th~e Shenandoah Valley, keeping between any force of the enemy and Washington, acting on the defensive as much as possible. I felt that if the enemy had any notion of returning the fact would be developed before the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps could leave Washington. Subsequently the Nineteenth Corps was excepted from the order to return to the James. R ItVOL xxxviii, PT i Page 18 18 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. LCIL& P. L. Aoout the 25th it became evident that the enemy was again ad- vancing upon Maryland and Pennsylvania, and the Sixth Corps, then at Washington, was ordered back to the vicinity of Harpers Ferry. The rebel force moved down the Valley, and sent a raiding party into Pennsylvania, which, on the 30th, burned Chambersburg and then retreated, pursued by our cavalry, toward Cumberland. They were met and defeated by General Kelley, and with diminished numbers escaped into the mountains of West Virginia. I~rom the time of the first raid the telegraph wires were frequently down be- tween Washington and City Point, making it necessary to transmit messages a part of the way by boat. It took from twenty-four to thirty-six hours to get dispatches throi~igh and return answers back, so that often orders would be given, and then information would be received showing a different state of facts from those on which they were based, causing a confusion and apparent contradiction of orders that must have considerably embarrassed those who had to execute them, and rendered operations against the enemy less effective than they otherwise would have been. To remedy this evil, it was evi- dent to my mind that some person should have the supreme comma-nd of all the forces in the Departments of West Virginia, Washington, Susquehanna, and the Middle Department, and I so recommended. On the 2d of August I or& ered General Sheridan to report in per- son to Major-General Halleck, Chief of Staff, at Washington, with a view to his assignment to the command of all the forces against Early. At this time the enemy was concentrated in the neighbor- hood of Winchester, while our forces, under General Hunter, were concentrated on the Monocacy, at the crossing of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, leaving open to the enemy Western Maryland and Southern Penhsylvania. From where I was, I hesitated to give posi- tive orders for the movement of our forces at Monocacy, lest by so doing I should expose Washington. * Therefore, on the 4th, I left City Point to visit Hunters command, and determine for myself x~~rhat was best to be done. On arrival there, and after consultation with General Hunter, I issued to him the following instructions: MoNocAcY BRIDQE, MD., August 5, 18648 p. m. Maj. Gen. D. HUNTER: GENERAL: Concentrate all your available force without delay in the vicinity of Harpers Ferry, leaving only such railroad guards and garrisons for public property as may be necessary. Use, in this concentration, the railroad, if by so doing time can be saved. From Harpers Ferry, if it is found that the enemy has moved north of the Potomac in large force, push north, following him and attacking him wher- ever found; follow him if driven south of the Potomac as long as it is safe to do so. If it is ascertained that the enemy has but a small force north of the Potomac, then push south with the main force, detaching under a competent commander a suffi- cient force to look after the raiders, and drive them to their homes. In detaching such a force, the brigade of cavalry now en route from Washington, via Rockville, may be taken into account. There are now on the way to join you three other brigades of the best of cavalry, numbering at least 5,000 men and horses. These will be instructed, in the absence of further orders, to join you by the south side of the Potomac. One brigade will - probably start to-~norrow. In pushing up the Shenandoah Valley, where it is ex- pected you will have to go first or last, it is desirable that nothing should be left to invite the enemy to return. Take all provisions, forage, and stock wanted for the use of your command; such as cannot be consumed destroy. It is not desirable that the buildings should be destroyed; they should rather be protected, but the people should be informed that so long as an army can subsist among them recur *Subordinate reports of operations in the Shenandoah Valley and Maryland up to August 3, 1864, appear in Vol. XXXVII Page 19 CHAP. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 19 rences of these raids must be expected, and we are determined to stop them at all hazards. Bear in mind the object is to drive the enemy south, and to do this you want to keep him always in sight. Be guided in your course by the course he takes. Make your own arrangements for supplies of all kinds, giving regular vouchers for such as will be taken from loyal citizens in the country through which you march. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. The troops were immediately pi~t in motion, and the advance reached Hailtown that night. General Hunter having, in our conversation, expressed a willing- ness to be relieved from command, I telegraphed to have General Sheridan, then at Washington, sent to Harpers Ferry by the morn- ing train, with orders to take general command of all the troops in the field, and to call on General Hunter, at Monocacy, who would turn over to lum my letter of instructions. I remained at Monocacy until General Sheridan arrived, on the morning of the 6th, and after a conference with him in relation to military affairs in that vicinity, I returned to City Point by way of Washington. On the 7th of Au- gust the Middle Department and the Departments of West Virginia, Washington, and Susquehanna were constitut6d into the Middle Military Division, and Major-General Sheridan was assigned to temporary command of the same. Two divisions of cavalry, com- manded by Generals Torbert and Wilson, were sent to Sheridan from the Army of the Potomac. The first reached him at Harpers Ferry about the 11th of August. His operations during the month of August and the fore part of September were both of an offensive and defensive character, resulting in many severe skirmishes, prin- cipally by the cavalry, in which we were generally successful, but no general engagement took place. The two armies lay in such a positionthe enemy on the west bank of Opequon Creek, covering Winchester, and our forces in front of Berryvillethat either could bring on a battle at any time. Defeat to us would lay open to the enemy the States of Maryland and Pennsylvania for long distances before another army could be interposed to check him. Under these circumstances I hesitated about allowing the initiative to be taken. Finally, the use of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad aiid the Chesa- peake and Ohio Canal, which were both obstructed by the enemy, became so mdi s?ensably necessary to us, and the importance of re- ng Penusy vania and Maryland from continuously threatened inJasion so great, that I determined the risk should be taken. But fearing to telegraph the order for an attack without knowing more than I did of General Sheridans feelings as to what would be the probable result, I left City Point on the 15th of September to visit him at his headquarters, to decide, after conference with him, what should be (lone. I met him at Charlestown, and lie pointed out so distinctly how each army lay, what he could do the moment lie was authorized, and expressed such confidence of success that I saw there were but two words of instruction necessaryGo in! For the con- venience of forage the teams for supplying the army were kept at Harpers Ferry. I asked hiiu if he could get out his teams and sup- plies in time to make an attack on the ensu~ing Tuesday morning. His reply was that he could before daylight on Monday. He was off promptly to time, and I may here add that the result was such that I have never since deemed it necessary to visit General Sheri- dan before giving him. orders. Early on the morning of the 19t Page 20 20 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca& p. L. General Sheridan attacked General Early at the crossing on the Opequon Creek, and after a most sanguinary and bloody battle, last- ing until 5 oclock in the evening, defeated him with heavy loss, carrying his entire position from Opequon Creek to Winchester, capturing several thousand prisoners and S pieces of artillery. The enemy rallied and made a stand in a strong position at Fishers Hill, where he was attacked and again defeated with heavy loss on the 20th [22d]. Sheridan pursued him with great energy through Harrisonburg, Staunton, and the gaps of the Blue Ridge. After stripping the upper Valley of most of the supplies and provisions for the rebel army, he returned to Strasburg and to6k position on the north side of Cedar Creek. Having received considerable re-enforcements, General Early again returned to the Valley, and on the 9th of October his cavalry encountered ours near Strasburg, where the rebels were defeated with the loss of 11 pieces of artillery and 350 prisoners. On the night of the 18th the enemy crossed the mountains which separate the branches of the Shenandoah, forded the North Fork, and early on the morning of the 19th, under cover of the darkness and the fog, surprised and turned our left flank, capturing the batteries which enfiladed our whole line. Our troops fell back with heavy loss and in much confusion, but were finally rallied between Middletown and Newtown. At this juncture General Sheridan, who was at Win- chester when the battle commenced, arriVed on the field, arranged his lines just in time to repulse a heavy attack of the enemy, and immediately assuming the offensive, he attacked in turn with great vigor. The enemy was defeated with great slaughter, and the loss of most of his artillery and trains, and the trophies he had captured in the morning. The wreck of his army escaped during the night, and fled in the direction of Staunton and Lynchburg. Pursuit was made to Mount Jackson. Thus ended this the enemys last attempt to invade the North via the Shenandoah Valley. I was now enabled to return the Sixth Corps to the Army of the Potomac, and to send. one division from Sheridans army to the Army of the James, and another to Savannah, Ga., to hold Shermans new acquisitions on the sea-coast, and thins enable him to move without detachihg from his force for that purpose. ~ Reports from various sources led me to believe that the enemy had detached three divisions from Petersburg to re-enforce Early in the Shenandoah Valley. I therefore sent the Second Corps and Greggs division of cavalry, of the Army of the Potomac, and a force of General Butlers army, on the night of the 13th of August, to threaten Richmond from the north side of the James, to prevent him from sending troops away, and, if possible, to draw back those sent. In this move we captured 6 pieces of artillery and several hundred prisoners, detained troops that were under marching orders, and ascertained that but one division (Kershaws) of the three re- puted detached had gone. The enemy luwing withdrawn heavily from Petersburg to resist this movement, the Fifth Corps, General Warren commanding, was moved out on the 18th and took pos~es- sion of the Weldon railroad. During the day he had consi era e fighting. To regain p~ssession of the road the enemy made repeated and desperate assaults, but was each time repulsed with great loss. * Subordinate reports of operations in the Shenandoah Valley from August 4 to December 31, 1864, will appear in Vol. XLIII Page 21 CRAP. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 21 On the night o1~ the ~Oth the troops on the n6rth side of the James were withdrawn, and Hancock and Gregg returned to the front of Petersburg. On the 25th the Second Corps and Greggs division of cavalry, while at Reams Station destroying the railroad, were at- tacked, and after desperate fighting a part of our line gave way and 5 pieces of artillery fell into the hands of the enemy. By the 12th of September a branch railroad was completed from the City Point -and Petersburg Railroad to the Weldon railroad, enabling us to sup- ply without difficulty, in all weather, the army in front of Peters- burg. The extension of our lines across the Weldon railroad com- pelled the enemy to so extend his that it seemed he could have but few troops north of the James for the defense of Richmond. On the night of the 28th the Tenth Corps, Major-General Birney, and the Eighteenth Corps, Major-General Ord commanding, of General Butlers army, were crossed to the north side of the James, and ad- vanced on the morning of the 29th, carrying the very strong fortifi- cations and intrenchments below Chaffins Farm, ~own as Fort harrison, capturing 15 pieces of artillery and the New Market road and intrenchments. This success was followed up by a gallant as- sault upon Fort Gilmer, immediat6ly in front of the Chaffin farm fortifications, in which we were repulsed with heavy loss. Kautzs cavalry was pushed forward on the road to the right of this, sup- ported by infantry, and reached the enemys inner line, but was un- able to get farther. The position captured from the enemy was so threatening to Richmond that I determined to hold it. The enemy made several desperate attempts to dislodge us, all of which were unsuccessful, and for which he paid dearly. On the morning of the 30th General Meade sent out a reconnaissance, with a view to at- tacking the enemys line if it was found sufficiently weakened by withdrawal of troops to the north side. In this reconnaissance we captured and held the enemys works near Poplar Spring Cfr& rch. In the afternoon troops moving to get to the left of the point gained were attacked by the enemy in heavy force and compelled to fall back until supported by the forces holding the captured works. Our cavalry, under Gregg, was also attacked, but repulsed the enemy with great loss. On the 7th of October the enemy attacked Kantzs cavalry north of the James and drove it back with heavy loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners, and the loss of al.l the artillery 8 or 9 pieces. This he followed up by an~ attack on our intrenched infantry line, but was repulsed with severe slaughter. On the 13th a reconnaissance was sent out by General Butler with a view to driMe the enemy from some new works he was constructing, which resulted in very heavy loss to us. On the 27th the Army of the Potomac, leaving only sufficient men to hold its fortified line, moved by the enemys right flank. The Second Corps, followed by two divisions of the Fifth Corps with the cavalry in advance and covering our left flank, forced a passage of Hatchers Run, and moved up the south side of it toward the South Side Railroad, until the Second Corps and part of the cay- alry reached the Boydton plank road, where it crosses Hatchers Run. At this point we were six miles distant from the South Side Railroad, which I had hoped by this movement to reach and hold. But finding that we had not reached the end of the enemys fortifi- cations, and no place presenting itself for a successful assault by which he might be doubled up and shortened, I determined to with- draw to within our fortified lines. Orders were given accordingly Page 22 22 TIlE ATLKNTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Immediately upon receiving a report that General Warren had con- nected with General Hancock I returned to my headquarters. Soon after I left the enemy moved out across Hatchers Run, in the gap between Generals Hancock and Warren, which was not closed as reported, and made a desperate attack on General Hancocks right arid rear. General Hancock immediately faced his corps to meet it, and after a bloody combat drove the enemy within his works, and withdrew that night to his old position. In support of this move- ment General Butler made a demonstration on the north side of the Jame~, and attacked the enemy on the Williamsburg road and also on the York River Railroad. In the former he was unsuccessful; in the latter he succeeded in carrying a work which was afterward abandoned~ and his forces withdrawn tQ their former positions. From this time forward the operations in front of Petersburg and Richmond, until the spring campaign of 1865, were confined to the defense and extension of our lines and to offensive movements for crippling the enemys lines of communication and to prevent his detaching any considerable force to send south. * By the 7th of February our lines were extended to Hatchers Run, and the Weldon railroad had been destroyed to Hicksford. General Sherman moved from Chattanooga on the 16th of May, with the Armies of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Ohio, com- manded, respectively, by Generals Thomas, McPherson, and Scho- field, upon Johnstons army at Dalton; but finding the enemys posi- tions at Buzzard Roost, covering Dalton, too strong to be assaulted, General McPherson was sent through Snake [Creek] Gap to turn it, while Generals Thomas and Schofield threatened it in front and on the north. This movement was successful. Johnston, finding his retreat likely to be cut off, fell back to his fortified position at Re- saca, where he was attacked on the afternoon ot May 15. A heavy battle ensued. During the night the enemy retreated south. Late on the 17th his rear guard was overtaken near Adairsville, and heavy skirmishing followed. The next morning, however, he had again disappeared. He was vigorously pursued and was overtaken at Cassville on the 19th, but, during the ensuing night, retreated across the Etowah. While these operations were going on, General Jefferson C. Davis division, of Thomas army, was sent to Rome, capturing it with its forts and artillery and its valuable mills and foundries. General Sherman having given his army a few days rest at this point, again put it in motion on the 23d for Dallas, with a view of turning the difficult pass at Allatoona. On the afternoon of the 25th the advance, under General Hooker, had a severe battle with the enemy, driving him back to New Hope Church, near Dal- las. Several sharp encounters occurred at this point. The most important was on the 28th, when the enemy assaulted General Mc- Pherson at Dallas, but received a terrible and bloody repulse. On the 4th of June Johnston abandoned his intrenched position at New Hope Church and retreated to the strong ositions of Ken- esaw, Pine, and Lost Mountains. He was orce to yield the two last-named places and concentrate his army on Kenesaw, where, on the 27th, Generals Thomas and McPherson made a determined but unsuccessful assault. On the night of the 2d of July Sherman commenced moving his army by the right flank, and on the morning * Subordinate reports of operations against Petersburg and Richmond from Au- gust 1 to December 31, 1864, will appear in Vol. XLII Page 23 CHAP. L.~ GENERAL REPORT. 28 of the 3d found that the enemy, in coiisequence of this m6vement, had abandoned Kenesaw and, retreated across the Chattahoochee. General Sherman remained on the Chattahoochee to give his men rest and get up stores until the 17th of July, when he resumed his operations, crossed the Chattahoochee, destroyed a large portion of the railroad to Augnsta, and drove the enemy back to Atlanta. At this place General Hood succeeded General Johnston in command of the rebel arm~~ and, assuming the offensive-defensive policy, made several severe attacks upon Sherman in the vicinity of Atlanta, the most desperate and determined of which was on the 22d of July. About 1 p. m. of this day the brave, accomplished, and noble-hearted McPherson was killed. General Logan succeeded him, and com- manded the Army of the Tennessee through this desperate battle, and until he was superseded by Major-General Howard, on the 26th, with the same snccess and ability that had characterized him in the command of a corps or division. In all these attacks the enemy was repulsed with great loss. Finding it impossible to en- tirely invest the place, General Sherman, after securing his line of communications across the Chattahoochee, moved his main force round by the enemys left flank upon the Montgomery and Macon roads, to draw the enemy from hi~ fortifications. In this he suc- ceeded, and after defeating the enemy near Rough and Ready, Jones- borough, and Lovejoys, forcing him to retreat to the south, on the 2d of September occupied Atlanta, the objective point of his cam- paign. About the time of this move the rebel cavalry, under Wheeler, attempted to cut his communications in the rear, but was repulsed at Dalton and driven into East Tennessee, whence it pro- ceeded west to McMinnville, Mnrfreesborough, and Franklin, and was finally driven south of the Tennessee. The damage done by this raid was repaired in a few days. During the partial investment of Atlanta, General Rousseau joined General Sherman with a force of cavalry from Decatur, having made a successful raid upon the Atlanta and Montgomery Railroad and its branches near Opelika. Cavalry raids were also made by Generals McCook, Garrard, and Stoneman to cut the remaining railroad communication with At- lanta. The first txvo were successful; the latter disastrous. General Shermans movement from Chattanooga to Atlanta was prompt, skillful, and brilliant. The history of his flank movements and battles during that memorable campaign will ever be read with an interest unsurpassed by anything in history. His own report, and those of his subordinate commanders accompanying it, give the details of that most successful campaign. He was dependent for the supply of his armies upon a single-track railroad from Nashville to the point where he was operating. This passed the entire dis- tance through a hostile country, and every foot of it had to be pro- tected by troops. The cavalry force of the enemy under Forrest, in Northern Mississippi, was evidently waiting for Sherman to advance far enough into the mountains of Georgia to make a retreat dis- astrous, to get upon this line and destroy it beyond the possibility of further use. To guard against this danger Sherman left what he supposed to be a sufficient force to operate against Forrest in West Tennessee. He directed General Washburn, who commanded there, to send Brig. Gen. S. D.Sturgis, in command of this force, to attack him. On the morning of the 10th of June General Sturgis met the enemy near Guntown, Miss., was badly beaten, and driven back in utter rout and confusion to Memphis, a distance of about 100 miles Page 24 I 24 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHiP. L. hotly puisued by the enemy. By this, however, the enemy was defeated in his designs upon Shermans line of commnnications. The persistency with which he followed up this snccess exhausted him, and ma(le a season for rest and repairs necessary. In the mean time Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith, with the troops of the Army of the Tennessee that had been sent by General Sherman to General Ba~iks, arrived at Memphis on their return from Red River, where they had done most excellent service. He was directed by General Sherman to immediately take the offensive against Forrest. This he did with the promptness and effect which has characterized his whole mili- tary career. On the 14th of July he met the enemy at Tupelo, Mi~., and whipped him badly. The fighting continued through thice days. Our loss was small compared with that of the enemy. Haying accomplished the object of his expedition, General Smith returned to Memphis. * During the months of March and April this same force under Forrest annoyed us considerably. On the 24th of March it captured Union City, Ky., and its garrison, and on the 24th [25th] attacked Paducah, commanded by Col. S. G. Hicks, Fortieth Illinois Volunteers. Colonel Hicks having but a small force, withdrew to the forts near the river, from where he repulsed the enemy and drove him from the place. Oii the 13th of April part of this force, under the rebel General Buford, summoned the garrison of Columbus, Ky., to surrender, but received for reply from Colonel Lawrence, Thirty-fourth NeW Jersey Vohinteers, that, being placed there by his Government with adequate force to hold his post and repel all enemies from it, surrender was out of the question. On the morning of the same dayt Forrest attacked Fort - Pillow, Tenn., garrisoned by a detachment of Tennessee cavalry and the First Regiment Alabama Colored Troops, oommanded by Major Booth. The garrison fought bravely until about 3 oclock in the afternoon, when the enemy carried the works by assault, and, after our men threw down their arms, proceeded to an inhuman and merciless massacre of the garrison. On the 14th General Buford, having failed at Columbus, appeared before Paducah, but was again driven off. ~ Guerrillas and raiders, seemingly emboldened by Forrests oper- ations, were also very active in Kentucky. The most noted of these was Morgan. With a force of from 2,000 to 3,000 cavalry he entered the State through Pound Gap in the latter part of May. On the 11th of June he attacked and captured Cynthiana, with its entire garri- son. On the 12th he was overtaken by General Burbridge and com- pletely routed with heavy loss, and was finally driven out of the State. This notorious guerrilla was afterward surprised and killed near Greeneville, Tenn., and his command captured and dispersed by General Gillem. In the absence of official reports of the commencement of the Red River expedition, except so far as relates to the movements of the troops sent by General Sherman under A. J. Smith, I am unable to give the date of its starting. The troops under General Smith, com- prising two divisions of the Sixteeath and a detachment of the Seven- * Subordinate reports of Sturgis and A. J. Smiths expeditions will appear in Vol. XXXIX. t A mistake. Forrest attacked Fort Pillow on April 2. f For subordinate reports of Forrests expedition into West Tenn~ssee and Ken- tucky, see Vol. XXXII, Part I, p. 501. ~ For subordinate reports of operations in Kentucky and East Tennessee, see Vol. LXXIx Page 25 Ca& p. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 25 teentli Army Corps, left Vicksburg on the 10th of March and reached the designated point on Red River one day earlier than that ap- pointed l~y General Banks. The rebel forces at Fort De Russy, thinking to defeat him, left the fort on the 14th to give him battle in the open field; but, while occupying the enemy with skirmishing and demonstrations, Smith pushed forward to Fort De Russy, which had been left with a weak garrison, and captured it, with its garri- son, about 350 men, 11 pieces of artillery, and many small-arms. Our loss was but slight. On the 15th lie pushed forward to~Alex- andria, which place he reached on the 18th. On the 21st he had an engagement with the enemy at Hendersons Hill, in which he de- feated him, capturing 210 prisoners and 4 pieces of artillery. On the 28th he again attacked and defeated the enemy under the rebel General Taylor at Cane River. * By the 26thGeneral Banks had assembled his whole army atAlexandria and pushed forward to Grand Ecore. On the morning of April 6 lie moved from Grand Ecore. On the afternoon of the 7th his advance engaged the eneniy near Pleasant Hill and drove him from the field. On the same afternoon the enemy made a stand eight miles beyond Pleasant Hill, but was again compelled to retreat. On the 8th, at Sabine Cross- Roads and Peach Hill, the enemy attacked and defeated his advance, capturing 19 pieces of artillery and an immense amount of trans- ~portation and stores. During the night General Banks fell back to Pleasnt Hill, where another battle was fought on the 9th, and the enemy repulsed with great loss. During the night General Banks continued his retrograde movement to Grand Ecore, and thence to Alexandria, which he reached on the 27th of April. Here a serious difficulty arose in getting Admiral Porters fleet, which accompanied the expedition, over the rapids, the water having fallen so much since they passed up as to prevent their return. At the suggestion of Col- onel (now Brigadier-General) Bailey, and under his superintendenSe, wing-dams were constructed, by which the channel was contracted so that the fleet passed down the rapids in safety. The army evacuated Alexandria on the 14th of May, after con- siderable skirmishing with the enemys advance, and reached Mor- gauza and Point Coupde near the end of the month. The disastrous termination of this expeditioii, and the lateness of the season, ren- dered impracticable the carrying out of my plans of a movement in force sufficient to insure the capture of Mobile On the 23d of March Major-General Steele feft Little Rock with the Seventh Army Corps to co-operate with General Banks expedi- tion on Red River, and reached Arkadelphia on the 28th. On the 16th of April, after driving the enemy before him, he was joined near Elkins Ferry, in Onachita County, by General Thayer, who had marched from Fort Smith. After several severe skirmishes, in which the enemy was defeated, General Steele reached Camden, which he occupied about the middle of April. On learning the defeat and consequent retreat of General Banks on Red River and the loss of one of his own trains at Marks Mills, in Dallas County, General Steele determined to fall back to the Arkansas River.He left Camden on the 26th of April and reached Little Rock on the 2d of May. On the 30th of April the enemy attacked him while cross- ing Saline River at Jenkins Ferry, but was repulsed with considera- ble loss. Our loss was about 600 in killed, wounded, and prisoners. Major-General Canby, who had been assigned to the command of *A mistake. A. J. Smiths command reached Cotile Landing March 28 Page 26 TILE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. tOHATh L. the Military Division of West Mississippi, was therefore directed to send the Nineteenth Army Corps to join the armies operating against Richmond, and to limit the remainder of his command to such oper- ations as might be necessary to hold the positions and lines of com- munications he then occupied. Before starting General A. J. Smiths -troops back to Sherman, General Canby sent a part of it to disperse a force of the enemy that was collecting near the Mississippi River. General Smith met and defeated this force near Lake Chicot on the 5th of June. Our loss was about 40 killed and 70 wounded. In the latter part of July General Canby sent Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, with such forces as he could collect, to co-operate with Admiral Farragut against the defenses of Mobile Bay. On the 8th of August Fort Gaines surrendered to the combined naval and land forces. Fort Powell was blown up and abandoned. On the 9th Fort Morgan was invested, and aftei~a severe bombardment surren- dered on the 23d. The total captures amounted to 1,464 prisoners and 1U4 pieces of artillery. * About the last of August, it being reported that the rebel General Price, with a force of about 10,000 men, had reached Jacksonport, on his way to invade Missouri, General A. J. Smiths command, then en route from Memphis to join Sherman, was ordered to Missouri. A cavalry force was also, at the same time, sent from Memphis, un- der command of Colonel Winslow. This made General Rosecrans~ forces supeFior to those of Price, and no doubt was entertained he would be able to check Price and drive him back, while the forces under General Steele, in Arkansas, would cut off his retreat. On the 26th day of September Price attacked Pilot Knob and forced the garrison to retreat, and thence moved north to the Missouri River, and continued up that river toward Kansas. General Curtis, com- manding Department of Kansas, immediately collected such forces. as he could to repel his invasion of Kansas, while General Rosecrans cavalry was operating in his rear. The eneThy was brought to battle on the Big Blue and defeated, with the loss of nearl all is artillery and trains and a large number of prisoners. He made a precipitate retreat to Northern Arkansas. The impunity with which Price was enabled to roam over the State of Missouri for a long time, and the incalculable mischief done by him shows to how little purpose a superior force may be used. There is no reason why General Rose- crans should not have concentrated his forces and beaten and driven Price before the latter reached Pilot Knob. t September 20 the enemys cavalry under Forrest crossed the Ten- nessee near Waterloo, Ala., and on the 23d attacked the garrison at Athens, consisting of 600 men, which capitulated on the 24th. Soon after the surrender two regiments of re-enforcements arrived, and after a severe fight were compelled to surrender. Forrest destroyed the railroad westward, captured the garrison at Sulphur Branch trestle, skirmished with the garrison at Pulaski on the 27th, and on the same day cut the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad near Tul- lahoma and Decherd. On the morning of the 30th one column of Forrests command, under Buford, appeared before Huntsville, and summoned the surrender of the garrison. Receiving an answer in the negative, he remained in the vicinity of the place until next morning, when he again summoned its surrender, and received the same reply as on the night before. He withdrew in the direction of * Subordinate reports of operations against Mobile will appear in Vol. XXXIX. t Subordinate reports of operations in Missouri will appear in Vol. XLI Page 27 cflAP. L.] ~1ENEThAL 1IEPO1~T. 27 Athens, which place had been regarrisoned, and attacked it on the afternoon of the 1st of October, but without success. On the morn- ing of the 2d he renewed his attack, but was handsomely repulsed. Another column under Forrest appeared before Columbia on the. morning of the 1st, but did not make an attack. On the morning of the 3d lie moved toward Mount Pleasant. While these operations were going on every exertion was made by General Thomas to de- stroy the forces under Forrest before he could recross the Tennessee, but was unable to prevent his escape to Corinth, Miss. In Septem- ber an expedition under General Burbridge was sent to destroy the salt-works at Saltville, Va. He met the enemy on the 2d of October, about three and a half miles from Saltville, and drove him into his strongly intrenched position around the salt-works, from which he was unable to dislodge him. During the night he withdrew his com- mand and returned to Kentucky.* General Sherman, immediately after the fall of Atlanta, put his armies in camp in and about the place, and made all preparations for refitting and supplying them for future service. The great length of road from Atlanta to the Cumberland River, however, which had to be guarded, allowed the troops but little rest. During this time Jeff. Davis made a speech in Macon, Ga., which was reported in the papers of the South, and soon became known to the whole country, disclosing the plans of the enemy, thus enabling General Sherman to fully meet them. He exhibited the weakness of supposing that an army that had been beaten and fearfully deci- mated in a vain attempt at the defensive could successfully under~ take the offensive against the army that had so often defeated it. In execution of this plan, Hood, with his army, was soon reported to the southwest of Atlanta. Moving far to Shermans right, he suc- ceeded in reaching the railroad about Big Shanty, and moved north on it. General Sherman, leaving a force to hold Atlanta, with the re- mainder of his army fell upon him and drove him to Gadsden, Ala. Seeing the constant annoyance he would have with the roads to his rear if we attempted to hold Atlanta, General Sherman proposed the abandonment and destruction of that place, with all the railroads leading to it, and telegraphed me as follows: CENTREVILLE, GA., October 10, 1864iloon. Lieutenant-General GRANT: Dispatch about Wilson just received. Hood is now crossing Coosa River, twelve miles below Rome, bound west. If he passes over the Mobile and Ohio road, had I not better execute the plan of my letter sent by Colonel Porter, and leave General Thomas, with the troops now in Tennessee, to defend the State? He will have an ample force when the re-enforcements ordered reach Nashville. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General. For a full understanding of the plan referred to in this dispatch, I quote from the letter sent by Colonel Porter: I will therefore give my opinion that your army and Canbys should be re-en- forced to the maximum; that, after you get Wilmington, you strike for Savannah and the river; that Canby be instructed to hold the Mississippi River, and send a force to get Columbus, Ga., either by the way of the Alabama or Apalachicola, and that I keep Hood employed and put my army in final order for a march on Augusta, Columbia, and Charleston, to be ready as soon as Wilmington is sealed as to commerce and the city of Savannah is in our possession. * Subordinate reports of operations in Alabama and Tennessee will appear in Vol. XXXIX Page 28 28 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. LOHAP. L. This was in reply to a letter of mine of date September 12, in an- ~wer to a dispatch of his containing substantially the same proposi- tion, and in which I informed him of a proposed movement against Wilmington, and of the situation in Virginia, & c. CITY POINT, VA., October 11, 186411 a. m. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN: Your dispatch of October 10 received. Does it not look as if Hood was going to attempt the invasion of Middle Tennessee, using the Mobile and Ohio and Memphis and Charleston roads to supply his base on the Tennessee River, about Florence or Decatur~ If he does this he ought to be met and prevented from getting north of the Tennessee River. If you were to cut loose, I do not believe you would meet Hoods army, but would be bushwhacked by all the old men, little boys, and such railroad guards as are still left at home. Hood would probably strike for Nashville, thinking that by going north lie could inflict greater dalnage upon us than we could upon the rebels by going south. If there is any way of getting at Hoods army, I would prefer that; but I must trust to your own judgment. I find I shall not be able to send a force from here to act with you on Savannah. Your movements, therefore, will be independent of mine, at least until the fall of Richmond takes place. I am afraid Thomas, with such lines of road as he has to protect, could not prevent Hood from going north. With Wilson turned loose with all your cavalry, y~u will find the rebels put much more on the defensive than heretofore. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. KINGSTON, GA., October 11, 1864-a. m. Lieutenant-General GRANT: Hood moved his army from Palmetto Station across by Dallas aud Cedartown, and is now on the Coosa River, south of Rome. He threw one corps on my road at Acworth, and I was forced to follow. I hold Atlanta with the Twentieth Corps, and have strong detachments along my line. This reduces my active force to a comparatively small army. We cannot remain here on the defensive. With the 25,000 men, and the bold cavalry he has, he can constantly break my roads. I would infinitely prefer to make a wreck of the road and of the country from Chat- tanooga to Atlanta, including the latter city, send back all my wounded and worth- less, and, with my effective army, move through Georgia, smashing things to the sea. Hood may turn into Tennessee and Kentucky, but I believe he will be forced to followme. Instead of my being on the defensive, I would be on the offensive; instead of guessing at what he means to do, he would have to guess at my plans. The difference in war is fully 25 per cent. I can make Savannah, Charleston, or the mouth of the Chattahoochee. Answer quick, as I know we will not have the telegraph long. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-Gene~%l. CITY POINT, VA., October 11, 186411.80 p. m. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN: Your dispatch of to-day received. If you are satisfied the trip to the sea-coast can be made, holding the line of the Tennessee River firmly, you may make it, de- stroying all the railroad south of Dalton or Chattanooga, as you think best. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. It was the original design to hold Atlanta, and by getting through to the coast, with a g~irrison left on the southern railroads leading east and west through Georgia, to effectually sever the east from the west; in other words, cut the would-be Confederacy in two again, as it had been cut once by our gaining possession of the Mis- sissippi River. General Shermans plan virtually effected this ob- ject. General Sherman commenced at once his preparations for his proposed movement, keeping his army in position in the mean time to watch Hood. Becoming satisfied that Hood had moved west- ward from Gadsden across Sand Mountain, General Sherman sent the Fourth Corps, Major-General Stanley commanding, and th Page 29 CHAP. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 29 Twenty-third Corps, Major-General Schofield commanding, back ~O Chattanooga to report to Major-General Thomas, at Nashville, whom he had placed in command of all the troops of his military division save the four army corps and cavalry division he designed to move with through Georgia. With the troops thus left at his disposal, there was little doubt that General Thomas could hold the line of the Tennessee, or in the event Hood should force it, would be able to concentrate and beat him in battle. It was therefore readily con- sented to that Sherman should start for the sea-coast. Having con- centrated Ihis troops at Atlanta by the 14th of November, he com- menced his march, threatening both Augusta and Macon. His coming out point could not be definitely fixed. Having to gather his subsistence as he marched through the country, it was, not im- possible that a force inferior to his own might compel him to head for such point as he could reach, instead of such as he might prefer. The blindness of the enemy, however, in ignoring his movement, and sending Hoods army, the only considerable force he had west of Richmond and east of the Mississippi River, northward on an offensive campaign, left the whole country open and Shermans route to his own choice. How that campaign was conducted, how little opposition was met with, the comlition of the country through which the armies passed, the capture of Fort McAllister, on the Savannah River, and the occupation of Savannah on the 21st of December, are all clearly set forth in Geueral Shermans admirable report.* Soon after General Sherman commenced his march from Atlanta, two expeditions, one from Baton Rouge, La., and one from Vicks- burg, Miss., were started by General Canby to cut the enemys lines of communication with Mobile and detain troops in that field. Gen- eral Foster, commanding Department of the South, also sent an ex- pedition, via Broad River, to destroy the railroad bet~reen Charles- ton and Savannah. The expedition from Vicksburg, under command of Bvt. Brig. Gen. E. D. Osband (colonel Third U. S. Colored Cav- alry), captured, on the 27th of November, and destroyed the Missis- sippi Central Railroad bridge and trestle-work over Big Black River, near Canton, 30 miles of the road amid 2 locomotives, besides large amounts of stores. The expedition from Baton Rouge was without favorable results. The expeditibn from the Department of the South, under the immediate command of Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch, consisting of about 5,000 men of all arms, including a brigade from the Navy, proceeded up Broad River and embarked at Boyds Neck on the 29th of November, from where it moved to strike the railroad at Grahiamville. At Honey Hill, about three miles from Graham- ville, the enemy was found amid attacked in a strongly fortified posi- tion, which resulted, after severe fighting, in our repulse, with a loss of 746 in killed, wounded, and missing. During the night General Hatch withdrew. On the 6th of December General Foster obtained a position covering the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, between the Coosawhatchee and Tuhifinny Rivers. Hood, instead of following Sherman, continued his move north- ward, which seemed to me to be leading to his certain doom. At all events, had I had the power to command both armies, I should not have changed the orders under which he seemed to be acting. On the 26th of October the advance of Hoods army attacked the garri * Subordinate reports of the Savannah campaign will appear in Vol. XLIV Page 30 30 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Cm. L. son at Decatur, Ala., but failing to carry the place, withdrew to- ward Courtland, and succeeded, in the face of our cavalry, in effect- ing a lodgment on the north side of the Tennessee River, near Florence. On the 28th Forrest reached the Tennessee, at Fort Heiman, and captured a gun-boat and three transports. On the 2d of November he planted batteries above and below Johnsonville, on the opposite side of the river, isolating three gun-boats and eight transports. On the 4th the enemy opened his batteries upon the place, and was replied to from the gun-boats and the garrison. The gun-boat~ becoming disabled were set on fire, as also were the transports, to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy. About $1,500,000 worth of stores and property on the levee and in store-lio~ses was consumed by fire. On the 5th the enemy disap- peared and crossed to the north side of the Tennessee River, above Johusonville, moving toward Clifton, and subsequently joined Hood. On the night of the 5th General Schofield, with the advance of the Twenty-third Corps, reached Johusonville, but finding the enemy gone, was ordered to Pulaski, and put in command of all the troops there, with instructions to watch the movements of Hood and re- tard his advance, but not to risk a general engagement until the arrival of General A. J. Smiths command from Missouri, and un- til General Wilson could get his cavalry remounted. On the 19th General Hood continued his advance. General Thomas, retarding him as much as possible, fell back toward Nash- ville for the purpose of concentrating his command and gaining time for the arrival of re-enforcements. The enemy coming up with our main force, commanded by General Schofield, at Franklin, on the 30th, assaulted our works repeatedly during the afternoon until .late at night, but was in every instance repulsed. His loss in this battle was 1,.750 killed, 702 prisoners, and 3,800 wounded. Among his losses were 6 general officers killed, 6 wounded, and 1 captured. Our entire loss was 2,300. This was the first serious 6pposition the enemy met with, and I am satisfied was the fatal blow to all his expectations. During the night General Schofield fell back toward Nashville. This left the field to the enemynot lost by battle, but voluntarily abandonedso that General Thomas whole force might be brought together. The enemy followed up and commenced the establishment of his line in front of Nashville on the 2d of Decem- ber. As soon as it was ascertained that Hood was crossing the Ten- nessee River, and that Price was going out of Missouri, General Rosecrans was ordered to send to General Thomas the troops of Gen- eral A. J. Smiths command and such other troops as he could spare. The advance of this re-enforcement reached Nashville on the 30th of November. On the morning of the 15th of December General Thomas attacked Hood in position, and, in a battle lasting two days, defeated and drove him from the field in the utmost conftision, leav- ing in our hands most of his artillery and many thousand prisoners, including four general officers. Before the battle of Nashville I grew very impatient over, as it appeared to me, the unnecessary delay. This impatience was in- creased upon learning that the enemy had sent a force of cavalry across the Cumberland into Kentucky. I feared Hood would cross his whole army and give us great trouble there. After urging upon General Thomas the necessity of immediately assuming the often- sive, I started west to superintend matters there in person. Reach- ing Washington City, I received General Thomas dispatch annonu Page 31 Oa~. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 31 ing his attack upon the enemy, and the result as far as the battle had progressed. I was klighted. All fears and apprehensions were dispelle4. I am not yet satisfied but that General Thomas, iminedi- ately uPon the appearance of Hood before Nashville, and before he had time to fortify, should have moved out with his whole force and given him battle instead of waiting to remount his cavalry, which delayed him until the inclemency ~of the weather made it impract~- cable to attack earlier than he did. But his final defeat of Hood was so complete that it will be accepted as a vindication of that distin- guishe d officers judgment. After Hoods defeat at Nashville he retreated, closely pursued by cavalry and infantry, to the Tennessee River, being forced to aban- don many pieces of artillery and most of his transportation. On the 28th of December our advance forces ascertained that he had made good his escape to the south side of the river. About this time, the. rains haviiig set in heavily in Tennessee and North Alabama, mak- ing it difficult to move army transportation and artillery, General Thomas stopped the pursuit by his main force at the Tennessee River. A small force of cavalry, under Col. W. J. Palmer, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, continued to follow Hood for some dis- tance, capturing considerable transportation and the enemys pon- toon bridge. The details of these operations will be found clearly set forth in General Thomas report. * A cavalry expedition under Brevet Major-General Grierson started from Memphis on the 21st of December. On the 25th he surprised and captured Forrests dismounted camp at Verona, Miss., on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, destroyed the railroad, 16 cars loaded with wagons and pontoons for Hoods army, 4,000 new English carbines, and large amounts of public stores. On the morning of the 28th he attacked and captured a force of the enemy at Egypt, and destroyed a train of 14 cars thence, turning to the southwest, he struck the Mississippi Central Railroad at Winona, destroyed the factories and large amounts of stores at Bankston, and the machine-shops and public property at Grenada, arriving at Vicksburg January 5. Dur- ing these operations in Middle Tennessee, the enemy, with a force nuder Gemieral Breckinridge, entered East Tennessee. On the 13th of November lie attacked General Gillem near Morristown, captur- ing his artillery and several hundred prisoners. Gillem, with what was left of his command, retreated to Knoxville. Following up his success, Breckinridge moved to near Knoxville, but withdrew on the 18th, followed by General Ammen. Under the directions of General Thomas, General Stoneman concentrated the commands of Generals Burbridge and Gillem near Beans Station to operate against Breckinridge and destroy or drive him into Virginia, destroy the salt-works at Saltville and the railroad into Virginia as far as he could go without endangering his command. On the I 2thi of Decem- ber he commenced his movement, capturing and dispersing the ene- mys forces wherever he met them. On the 16th he struck the enemy under Vaughn at Marion, completely routing and pursuing him to Wytheville, capturing all his artillery, trains, and 198 pris- oners, and destroyed Wytheville, with its stores and supplies, and the extensive lead-works near there. Returning to Marion he met a force under Breckinridge, consist- ing, among other troops, of the garrison of Saltville that had started * Subordinate reports of the Nashville campaign will appear in Vol. XLV Page 32 32 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [C~. L. in pursuit. He at once made arrangements to attack it the next morning, but morning found Breckinridge gone. He then moved directly to Saltville and destroyed the exfensive salt-works at that p lace, a large amount of stores, and captured 8 pieces yf artil- lery.H aving thus successfully executed his instructions, he re- turned General Burbridge to Lexington and General Gillem to Knoxville. * Wilmington, N. C., was the most important sea-coast port left to the enemy through which to get supplies from abroad and send cot- ton and other products out by blockade-runners, besides being a place of great strategic value. The navy had been making strenuous exer- tions to seal the harbor of Wilmington, but with only partial effect. The nature of the outlet of Cape Fear River was such that it required watching for so great a distance that, without possession of the land north of New Inlet or Fort Fisher, it was impossible for the navy to entirely close the harbor against the entrance~of blockade-runners. To secure the possession of this land required the co-operation of a land force, which I agreed to furnish. Immediately commenced the assemblage in Hampton Roads, under Admiral D. D. Porter, of the most formidable armada ever collected for concentration upon one given point. This necessarily attracted the attention of the enemy, as well as that of the loyal North, and through the imprudence of the public press, and very likely of officers of both branches of serv- ice, the exact object of the expedition became a subject of common discussion in the newspapers both North and ~South. The enemy, thus warned, prepared to meet it. This caused a postponement of the expedition until the latter part of November, when, being again called upon by Hon. G. V. Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, I agreed to furnish the men required at once, and went myself, in com- pany with Major-General Butler, to Ham p ton Roads, where we had a conference with Admiral Porter as to the force required and the time of starting. A force of 6,500 men was regarded as sufficient. The time of starting was not definitely arranged, but it was thought all would be ready by the 6th of December, if not before. Learning on the 30th of November that Bragg had gone to Georgia, taking with him most of the forces about Wilmington, I deemed it of the utmost importance that the expedition should reach its destination before the return of Bragg, and directed General Butler to make all arrangements for the departure of Major-General Weitzel, who had been designated to command the land forces, so that the navy might not be detained one moment. On the 6th of December the following instructions were given: CITY PoINT, VA., December 6, 1864. Maj. Gen. B. F. BUTLER: GENERAL: The first object of the expedition under General Weitzel is to close to the enemy the port of Wilmington. If successful in this, the second will be to capture Wilmington itself. There are reasonable grounds to hope for success if ad- vantage can be taken of the absence of the greater part of the enemys forces now looking after Sherman in Georgia. The directions you have given for the numbers and equipment of the expedition are all right, except in the unimportant matter of where they embark and the amount of intrenching tools to be taken. The object of the expedition will be gained by effecting a landing on the mainland between Cape Fear River and the Atlantic, north of the north entrance to the river. Should such landing be effected while the enemy still holds Fort Fisher and the batteries * Subordinate reports of operations in East Tennessee and Southwest Virgini~ will appear in Vol. XLV Page 33 CHAP. Li GENERAL REPORT. 33 guarding the entrance to the river, theWthe troops should intrench themselve~, and, by co-operating with the navy, effect the, reduction and capture of those places. These in our hands, the navy could enter the harbor, and the port of Wilmington would be sealed. Should Fort Fisher and the point of land on which it is built fall into the hands of our troops immediately on landing, then it will be worth the attempt to capture Wilmington by a forced march and surprise. If time is con- sumed in gaining the first object of the expedition, the second will become a matter of after consideration. The details for execution are intrusted to you and the officer immediately in com- mand of the troops. Should the troops under General Weitzel fail to effect a landing at or near Fort Fisher, they ~will be returned to the armies operating against Richmond without delay. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. General Butler commanding the army from which the troops were taken for this enterprise, and the territory within which they were to operate, military courtesy required that all orders and instructions should go through him. They were so sent; but General Weitzel has since officially informed me that he never received the foregoing instructions, nor was lie aware of their existence until he read Gen- eral Butlers published official report of the Fort Fisher failure, with my indorsement and papers accompanying it. I had no idea of General Butler s accompanying the expedition until the evening before it got off from Bermuda Hundred, and then did not dream but that General Weitzel had received all the instructions and would be in command. I rather formed the idea that General But- ler was actuated by a desire to witness the effect of the explosion of the powder-boat. The expedition was detained several days at Hampton Roads awaiting the loading of the powder-boat. The im- portance of getting the Wilmington expedition off without any de- lay, with or without the powder-boat, had been urged upon General Butler, and he advised to so notify Admiral Porter. The expedition finally got off on the 13th of December, and arrived at the place of rendezvous (off New Inlet, near Fort Fisher) on the evening of the 15th. Admiral Porter arrived on the evening of the 18th, having put in at Beaufort to get ammunition for the moiiitors. The sea becoming rough, making it difficult to land troops, and the supply of water and coal being about exhausted, the transport fleet put back to Beaufort to replenish; this, with the state of the weather, delayed the return to the place of rendezvous until the 24th. The powder-boat was exploded on the morning of the 24th before the return of General Butler from Beaufort, but it would seem from the notice taken of it iii the Southern newspapers that the enemy were never enlightened as to the object of the explosion until they were informed by the Northern press. On the 25th a landing was effected without opposition, and a reconnaissance, under Brevet Brigadier-General Curtis, pushed up toward the fort. But before receiving a full report of the result of this reconnaissance, General Butler, in direct violation of the instruc- tions given, ordered the re-embarkation of the troops, and the return of the expedition. The re-embarkation was accomplished by the morning of the 27th. On the return of the expedition, officers and menamong them Bvt. Mai. Gen. (then brevet brigadier-general) N. M. Curtis, First. Lieut. G. W. Ross, Regiment Vermont Volunteers [One hundred and seventeenth New York], First Lieut. William H. Walling, and Second Lient, George simpson, One huiv.~ R I~YOL ~2~2~YIII, PT Page 34 34 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. dred and forty-second New York Yblunteersvo~untarily reported to me that when recalled they were nearly into the fort, and, in their opinion, it could have beQn taken without much loss. Soon after the return of the expedition, I received a dispatch from the Secretaiy of the Navy and a letter from Admiral Porter, inform- ing me that the fleet was still off Fort Fisher, and expressing the conviction that, under a proper leader, the place could be taken. The natural supposition with me was that, when the troops aban- doned the expedition, the navy would do so also. Finding it had not, however, I answered on the 30th of December, advising Admi- ral Porter to hold on, and that I would send a force and make another attempt to take the place. This time I selected Bvt. Maj. Gen. (now major-general) A. H. Terry to command the expedition. The troops composing it consisted of the same that composed the former, with the addition of a small brigade, numbering about 1,500, and a ~mall siege train. The latter it was never found necessary to land. I communicated direct to the commander of the expedition the following instructions: CITY POINT, VA., January 3, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. A. H. TERRY: GENERAL: The expedition intrusted to your command has been fitted out to renew the attempt to capture Fort Fisher, N. C., and Wilmington ultimately, if the fort falls. You will, then, proceed with as little delay as possible to the naval fleet lying off Cape Fear River, and report the arrival of yourself and command to Admiral D. D. Porter, commanding North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. It is exceedingly desirable that the most complete understanding should exist between yourself and the naval commander. I suggest, therefore, that you con- sult witl.~ Admiral Porter freely, and get from him the part to be performed by each branch of the public service, so that there may be unity of action. It would be well to have the whole programme laid down in writing. I have served with Admiral Porter, and know that you can rely on his judgment and his nerve to. undertake what he proposes. I would, therefore, defer to him as much as is con- ~istent with your own responsibilities. The first object to be attained is to get a firm position on the spit of land on which Fort Fisher is built, from which you can operate against that fort. You want to look to the practicability of receiving your supplies, and to defending yourself against superior forces sent against you by any of the avenues left open to the enemy. If such a position can be obtained, the siege of Fort Fisher will not be abandoned until its reduction is accomplished or another plan of campaign is ordered from these headquarters. My own views are that, if you effect a landing, the navy ought to run a portion of their fleet into Cape Fear River, while the balance of it operates on the outside. Land forces cannot invest Fort Fisher, or cut it off from supplies or re-enforce- ments, while the river is in possession of the enemy. A siege train will be loaded on vessels and sent to Fort Monroe, in readiness to be sent to you if required. All other supplies can be drawn from Beaufort as you need them. Keep the fleet of vessels with you until your position is assured. When you find they can be spared, order them back, or such of them as you can s~,are, to Fort Monroe, to report for orders. In case of failure to effect a landing bring your command back to Beaufort, and report to these headquarters for fur- ther instructions. You will not debark at Beaufort until so directed. General Sheridan has been ordered to send a division of troops to Baltimore and place them on sea-going vessels. These troops will be brought to Fort Monroe and kept there on the vessels until you are heard from. Should you require them they will be sent to you. U. S. GRANT, Lieutcnan t-General. Lient. Col. C. B. Comstock, aide-de-camp (now brevet brigadier- general), who accompanied the former expedition, was assigned in orders as chief engineer to this. It will be seen that these instruc- tions did not differ materially from those given for the first expedi- tion, and that in neither instance was there an order to assault Fort ~ubQrdinate reports of But1cr~ expedition will appear in Vol. XLIl Page 35 CHAP. Li GENERAL REPORT. 35 Fisher. This was a matter left entirely to the discretion of the corn manding officer. The expedition sailed from Fort Monroe on the morning of the 6th, arriving on the rendezvous, off Beanfort, on the 8th, where, owing to the difficulties of the weather, it lay nntil the morning of the 12th, when it got under way and reached its destina- tion that evening. Under cover of the fleet the disembarkation of the troops commenced on the morning of the 13th, and by 3 p. in. was completed without loss. On the 14th a reconnaissance was pushed to within 500 yards of Fort Fisher, and a small advance work taken possesion of and turned into a defensive line against any attempt that might be made from the fort. This~ reconnaissance disclosed the fact that the front of th~ work had been seriously in- jured by the navy fire. In the afternoon of the 15th the fort was assaulted, and after most desperate fighting was captured with its entire garrison and afmament. Thns was secured, by the combined efforts of the navy and army, one of the most important snccesses of the war. Our loss was: Killed, 110; wounded, 536. On the 16th and 17th the enemy abandoned and blew up Fort Caswell and the works on Smiths Island, which were immediately occupied by us. This .gave us entire control of the mouth of the Cape Fear River.* At my request Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler was relieved, and Maj. Gen. E. 0. C. Ord assigned to the command of the Department of Vir- ginia and North Carolina. The defense of the line of the Tennessee no longer requiring the force which had beaten and nearly destroyed the only army threat- ening it, I determined to find other fields of operation for General Thomas surplus troopsfields from which they would co-operate with other movements. General Thomas was therefore directed to collect all troops not essential to hold his communications at East- port in readiness for orders. On the 7th of January General Thonias was directed, if he was assured of the departure of Hood south from Corinth, to send General Schofield with his corps east with as little delay as possible. This direction was promptly complied with, and the advance of the corps reached Washington on the 23d of the same month, whence it was sent to Fort Fisher and New Berne. On the 26th he was directed to send General A. J. Smiths command and a division of cavalry to report to General Canby. By the 7th of February the whole force was en route for its destination. The State of North Carolina was constituted into a military de- partment, and General Schofield assigned to command, and placed under the orders of Major-General Sherman. The following instruc- tions were given him: CITY POINT, VA., January 31,1865. Maj. Gen. J. M. SCHOFIELD: GENERAL: ~ * * Your movements are intended as co-operative with Sher- mans through the States of South and North Carolina. The first point to be at~ tamed is to secure Wilmington. Goldsborough will then be your objective point, moving either from Wilmington or New Berne, or both, as you deem best. Should you not be able to reach Goldsborough, you will advance on the line or lines of rail- way connecting that place with tbe sea-coast, as near to it as you can, building the road behind you. The enterprise under you has two objects: The~first is to give General Sherman material aid, if needed, in his march north; the second, to open a base of supplies for him on his line of march. As soon, therefore, as you caii de- termine which of the two points, Wilmington or New Berne, you can best use for thro~ving supplies from to the interior, you will commence the accumulation of twenty days rations and forage for 60,000 men and 20,000 animals. You will get of these as many as you can house and protect to such point in the interior as you *~ubordina~ reports ~f Terrys expedition will appear ~m Yol ~LYI Page 36 36 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. may be able to occupy. I believe General Palmer has received some instructions direct from General Sherman on the subject of securing supplies for his army. You can learii what steps he has taken and be governed in your requisitions accord- ingly. A supply of ordnance stores will also be necessary. Make all requisitions upon the chiefs of their respective departments in the field with me at City Poii~t. Communicate with me by every opportunity, and, should you deem it necessary at any time, send a special boat to Fort Monroe, from which point you can communicate by telegraph. The supplies referred to in these instructions are exclusive of those required for your own command. The movements of the enemy may justify or even miiake it your imperative duty to cut loose from your base and strike for the interior to aid Sherman. In such case you will act on your own judgment, without waiting for instructions. You will report, however, what you propose doing. The details for carrying out these in- structions are necessarily left to you. I would urge, however, if I did not know that you are already fully alive to the importance of it, prompt action. Sherman may be looked for in the neighborhood of Goldsborough any time from the 22d to the 28th of February: this limits your time very materially. If rolling-stock is not secured in the capture of Wilmington, it can be supplied from Washington. A large force of railroad men have already been sent to Beau- fort, and other mechanics will go to Fort Fisher in a day or two. On this point I have informed you by telegraph. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-Gencral. Previous to gi~ing these instructions I had visited Fort Fisher, accompanied by General Schofield, for the purpose of seeing for my- self the condition of things, and personally conferring with General Terry and Admiral Porter as to what was best to be done. Anticipating the arrival of General Sherman at Savannahhis army entirely foot-loose, Hood being then before Nashville, Tenn., the Southern railroads destroyed, so that it would take several months to re-establish a through line from west to east, and regard- ing the capture of Lees army as the most important operation toward closing the rebellionI sent orders to General Sherman, on the 6th of December, tha.t after establishing a base on the sea-coast, with necessary garrison, to include all his artillery and cavalry, to come by water to City Point with the balance of his comm and. On the 18th of December, having received information of the defeat and utter rout of Hoods army by (3 eneral Thomas, and that, owing to the great difficulty of procuring ocean transportation, it would take over two months to transport Shermans army, and doubting whether he might not contribute as miitch toward the desired result by oper- atingfrom where he was, -J wrote to him to that effect and asked him for his views as to what would be best to do. A few days after this I received a communication from General Sherman, of date 16th December, acknowledging the receipt of my order of the 6th, and informing me of his preparations to carry it into effect as soon as he could get transportation; also that he had expected, upon reduc- mug Savannah, instantly to march to Columbia, S. C., thence to Raleigh, and thence to report to me; but that this would consume about six weeks time after the fall of Savannah, whereas by sea he could probably reach me by the middle of January. The confidence he manifested in this letter of being able to march up and join me pleased me, find without waiting for a reply to my letter of the 18th I directed hhn, on the 28th of December, to make preparations to start as he proposed without delay to break up the railroads in North and South Carolina and join the armies operating against Rich- mond as soon as he could. On the 21st of January I informed General Sherman that I had ordered the Twenty-third QQrps, NajOv-QCnertvl ~ChQfiC1d CQrnIn~Ud Page 37 Ciii?. LI ing, East; that it numbered about 21,000 men; that we had at Fort Fisher about 8,000 men, at New Berne about 4,000; that if Wilming- ton was captured, General Schofield would go there; if not, he would be sent to New Berne; that, in either event, all the surplus force at both points would move to the interior toward Goldsbor- ough, in co-operation with his movement; that from either point railroad communication could be run out; and that all these troops would be subject to his orders as he came into communication with them. In obedience to his instructions, General Schofield pro- ceeded IA reduce Wilmington, N. C., in co-operation with the navy under Admiral Porter, moving his forces up both sides of the Caj2e Fear River. Fort Anderson, the enemys main defense on the west bank of the river, was occupied on the morning of the 19th, the en- emy having evacuated it after our appearance before it. After fight- ing on the 20th and 21st, our troops entered Wilmington on the morning of the 22d, the enemy having retreated toward Goldsbor- ough during the night. Preparations were at once made for a move- ment on Goldsborough in two columnsone from Wilmington, and the other from New Berne, and to repair the railroads lehding there from each place, as well as to supply General Sherman by Cape Fear River, toward Fayetteville, if it became necessary. The column from New Berne was attacked on the 8th of March at Wises Forks, and driven back with the loss of several hundred prisoners. On the 11th the enemy renewed his attack upon our intrenched position, but was repulsed with severe loss, and fell back during the night. On the 14th the Neuse River was crossed and Kinston occupied, and on the 21st Goldsborongh was entered. The column from Wil- mington reached Coxs Bridge, on the Neuse River, ten miles above Goldsborough, on the 22d. By th6 1st of February General Shermans whole army was in motion from Savannah. He captured Cohimbia, S. C., on the 17th; thence moved on Goldsborough, N. C., via Fayetteville, reaching the latter place on the 12th of March, opening up communication with General Schofield by way of Cape Fear River. On the h5th he resumed his march on Goldsborough. He met a force of the enemy at Averysborough, and after a severe fight defeated and com- pelled it to retreat. Our loss in the engagement was about 600 ; the enemys loss was much greater. On the 18th, the combined forces of the enemy, under Joe J ohnston, attacked his advance at Benton- ville, capturing 3 guns and driving it back upon the mai.n body. General Slocum, who was in the advance, ascertaining that the whole of Johnstons army was in the front, arranged his troops on the defensive, intrenched himself, and awaited re-enforcements, which were pushed forward. On the night of the 21st the ehemy retreated to Smithfield, leaving his dead and ~wounded in our hands. From there Sherman continued to Goldsborough, which place had been occupied by General Schofield on the 21st, crossing the Neuse River ten miles abov& .there, at CQxs Bridge, where General Terry had got possession and thrown a pontoon bridge, on the 22d, thus forming a junction with the columns from New Berne and Wil- mington. Among the important fruits of this campaign was the fall of Charleston, S. C. It was evacuated by the enemy on the night of the 17th of February, and occupied by our forces on the l8th.* *Su1~rdinate reports of the campaign of the Carolinas will appear in Vol. XLVII Page 38 38 Tfl1~i ATLA~A CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. t. On the morning of the 31st of January General Thomas was directed to send -a cavalry expedition, under General Stoneman, from East Tennessee, to penetrate South Carolina well down toward Columbia, to destroy the railroads and military resources of the country, and return, if he was able, to East Tennessee, by way of Salisbury, N. C., releasing our prisoners there, if possible. Of the feasibility of this latter, however, General Stoneman was to judge. Shermans movements, I had no doubt, would attract the attention of all the force the enemy could collect and facilitate the execution of this? General Stoneman was so late in making his stArt on this expedition, and Sherman having passed out of the State of South Carolina, on the 27th of February I directed General Thomas to change his course, and ordered him to repeat his raid of last fall, destroying the railroad toward Lynchburg as far as he could. This would keep him between our garrisons in East Tennessee and the enemy. I regarded it not impossible that in the event of tii& enemy being driven from Richmond he might fall back to Lynchburg and attempt a raid north through East Tennessee. On the 14th of Feb- ruary the following communication was sent to General Thomas: CITY POINT, VA., February 14, 1865. Maj. Gen. G. H. THOMAS: General Canby is preparing a movement from Mobile Bay against Mobile and the interior of Alabama. His force will consist of about 20,000 men, besides A. J. Smiths command. The cavalry you have sent to Canby will be debarked at Vicksburg. It, with the available cavalry already in that section, will move from there eastward in co-operation. Hoods army has been terribly reduced by the severe punishment you gave it in Tennessee, by desertion consequent upon their defeat, and now by the withdrawal of many of them to oppose Sherman. (I take it a large portion of the infantry has been so withdrawn. It is so asserted in the Richmond papers, and a member of the rebel Congress said a few days since in a speech that one-half of it had been brought to South Carolina to oppose Sherman.) This being true, or even if it is not true, Canbys movement will attract all the attelltion of the enemy, and leave the advance from your stand-point easy. I think it advisable, therefore, that yot~ prepare as much of a cavalry force as you can spare, and hold it in readiness to go south. The object would be threefold: First, to attract as much of the enemys force as possible to insure success to Canby; second, to destroy the enemys lines of communication and military resources; third, to destroy or capture their forces brought into the field. Tuscaloosa and Selma would probably be the points to direct the expedition against. This, how- ever, would not be so important as the mere fact of penetrating deep into Alabama. Discretion should be left to the officer commanding the expedition to go where, according to the information he may receive, he will best secure the objects nalned above. Now that your force has been so much depleted, I do not know what number of men you can put into the field. If not more than 5,000 men, however, all cavalry, I think it will be sufficient. It is not desirable that you should start this expedition until the one leaving Vicksburg has been three or four days out, or even a week. I do not know when it will start, but will inform you by telegraph as soon as I learn. you should hear through other sources before hearing from me you can act on the information received. To insure success your cavalry should go with as little wagon train as possible, relying upon the country for supplies. I would also reduce the number of guns to a battery, or the number of batteries, afid put the extra teams to the guns taken. No guns or caissons should be taken with less than eight horses. Please inform me by telegraph, on receipt of this, what force you think you will be able to send under these directions. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the 15th he was directed to start the expedition as soon after the 20th as he could get it off. I deemed it of the utmost impor- tance, before a general movement of the armies operating agains Page 39 OHAP. LI GENEIIAL IIEPOIIT. Richmond, that all communication with the city north of James River should be cut off. The enemy having withdrawn the bulk of his force from the Shenandoah Valley and sent it south, or replaced troops sent from Richmond, and desiring to re-enforce Sherman, it practicable, whose cavalry was greatly inferior in numbers to that of the enemy, I determined to make a move from the Shenandoah, which, if successful, would accomplish the first, at least, and pos- sibly the latter of these objects. I therefore telegraphed General Sheridan as follows: CITY POINT, VA., February 20, 18651 p. m. Maj. Gen. P. H. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: As soon as it is possible to travel I think you will have no difficulty about reaching Lynchburg with a cavalry force alone. From there you could destroy the railroad and canal in every direction, so as to be of no further use to the rebellion. Sufficient cavalry should be left behind to look after Mosbys gang. From Lynchburg, if information you might get there would justify it, you could strike south, heading the streams in Virginia to the westward of Danville, and push on and join General Sherman. This additional raid, with one now about starting from East Tennessee under Stoneman, numbering 4,000 or 5,000 cavalry, one from Vicksburg, numbering 7,000 or 8,000 cavalry; one from Eastport, Miss., 10,000 cavalry; Canby from Mobile Bay, with about 38,000 mixed troops, these three latter pushing for Tuscaloosa, Selma, and Montgomery, and Sheri~ian with a large army eating out the vitals of South Carolina, is all that will be wanted to leave nothing for the rebellion to stand upon. I would advise you to overcome great obstacles to accomplish this. Charleston was evacuated on Tuesday last. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the 25th I received a dispatch from General Sheridan, inquir- ing where Sherman was aiming for, and if I could give him definite information as to the points he might be expected to move on this side of Charlotte, N. C. In answer the following telegram was sent him: CITY POINT, VA., February 25, 1865. Maj. Gen. P. H. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: Shermans movements will depend on the amount of opposition he meets with frorh the enemy. If strongly opposed, he may possibly -have to fall back to Georgetown, S. C.. and fit out for a new start. I think, however, all dan- ger for the necessity of going to that point has passed. I believe he has passed Charlotte. He may take Fayetteville on his way to Goldsborough. If you reach Lynchburg you will have to be guided in your after movements by the informa- tion you obtain. Before you could possibly reach Sherman I think you would find him moving from Goldsborough toward Raleigh, or engaging the enemy strongly posted at one or the other of these places, with railroad colnmunications opened from his army to Wilmington or New Berne. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. General Sheridan moved from Winchester on the 27th of Febru- ary, with two divisions of cavalry, numbering about 5,000 each. On the 1st of March he secured the bridge,which the enemy at- tempted to destroy, across the Middle Fork of the Shenandoah, at Mount Crawford, and entered Staunton on the 2d, the enemy having retreated on Waynesborough. Thence he pushed on to Waynes- borough, where he found the enemy in force in an intrenched posi- tion, under General Early. Without stopping to make a reconnais- sance, an immediate attack was made, the position was carried, and 1,600 prisoners, 11 pieces of artillery, with horses and c~dssons complete, 200 wagons and teams loaded with subsistence, and 17 battle-flags were captured. The prisoners, under an escort of 1,50 Page 40 40 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. men, were sent back to Winchester. Thence lie marched on Char- lottesville, destroying effectually the railroad and bridges as he went, which place he reached on the 3d. Here he remained two days, de- stroying the railroad toward Richmond and Lynchburg, including the large iron bridges over the North and South Forks of the Rivanna River, and awaiting the arrival of his trains. This neces- sary delay caused him to abandon the idea of capturing Lynchburg. On the morning of the 6th, dividing his force into two columns, he sent one to Scottsville, whence it marched up the James River Canal to New Market, destroying every lock, and in many places the bank of the canal. From here a force was pushed out from this column to Duguidsville, to obtain possession of the bridge across the James River at that place, but failed. The enemy burned it on our ap- proach. The enemy also burned the bridge across the river at Hardwicksville. Theother column moved down the railroad toward Lynchburg, destroying it as far as Amherst Court-House, sixteen miles from Lynchburg; thence across the country, unitiiig with the column at New Market. The river being very higli, his pontoons would not reach across it; amid the enemy having destroyed the bridges by which he had hoped to cross the river and get on the South Side Railroad about Farmville and destroy it to Appomattox Court-House. the only thing left for him was to return to Winches ter or strike a base at the White House. Fortunately, he chose the latter. From New Market he took up his line of march, following the canal toward Richmond, destroying every lock upon it and cut ting the banks wherever practicable, to a point eight miles east of Goocliland, concentrating the whole force at Columbia on the 10th. Here he rested one day, and sent through by scouts information of his whereabouts and purposes, and a request for supplies to meet him at White House, which reached me on the night of the 12th. An infantry force was immediately sent to get possession of White House and supplies were forwarded. Moving from Columnbia in a direction to threaten Richmond, to near Ashland Station, he crossed the Annas, and after having destroyed all the bridges and mnany miles of the railroad, proceeded down the north bank 6f the Pamun- key to White House, which place he reached on the 19th. ~ Previous to this the following communication was sent to General Thomas: CITY POINT, VA., March 7, 18659.30 a. in. Maj. Gen. G. H. THOMAS: GENERAL: I think it would be advisable now for you to repair the railroad in East Tennessee, and throw a good force up to Bulls Gap and fortify there. Sup- plies at Knoxville could always be got forward as required. With Bulls Gap forti- fied, you can occupy as outposts about all of East Tennessee, and be prepared, if it should be required of you in the spring, to make a campaign toward Lynchburg or into North Carolina. I do not think Stoneman should break the road until he gets into Virginia, unless it should be to cut off rolling-stock that may be caught west of that. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Thus it will be seen that in March, 1865, General Canby was mov- ing an adequate forcq against Mobile and the army defending it under General Dick Taylor; Thomas was pushing out two large amid well-appointed cavalry expeditionsomie from Middle Tennessee, undet Brevet Major-General Wilson, against the enemys vital points *Suberdinate reports of Sheridans expedition will appear in Vol. XLVI Page 41 ChAP. L.] GENE1~At 1~EPOI~T. 41 in Alabama; the other from East Tennessee, undei Major-General Stoneman. toward Lynchburgand assembling the remainder of his available forces preparatory to offensive operations from East Ten- nessee; General Sheridans cavalry was at White House; the Armies of the Potomac and James were confronting the enemy under Lee in his defenses of Richmond and Petersburg; .General Sherman with his armies, re-enforced by that of General Schofield, was at Golds- borough; General Pope was making preparations for a spring cani- paign against the enemy under Kirby Smith and Price, west of the Mississippi, and General Hancock was concentrating a force in the vicinity of Winchester, Va., to guard against inva~sion or to operate offensively, as might prove necessary, After the long march by General Sheridans cavalry, over winter roads, it was necessary to rest and refit at White House. At this time the greatest source of uiieasiness to me was the fear that the enemy would leave his strong lines about Petersburg and Richmond for the purpose of uniting with Johnston, before ho was driven from them by battle or I Was prepared to make an effectual pursuit. On the 24th of March Gen- eral Sheridan moved from White House, crossed the James River at Jones Landing, and formed a junction with the army of the Poto- mac in front of Petersburg on the 27th. During this move General Ord sent forces to cover the crossings of the Chickahominy. On the 24th of March the following instructions fo~ a general movement of the armies operating against Richmond were issued: CITY POINT, VA., March 24, 1865. Majer-Generals MEADE, ORD, and SHERIDAN: GENERAL: On the 29th instant the armies operating against Richmond will be moved by our left, for the double purpose of turning the enemy out of his present position around Petersburg and to insure the success of th~ cavalry under General Sheridan, which will start at the same time, in its efforts to reach and destroy the South Side and Danville railroads. Two corps of the Army of the Potomac will be moved at first in two columns, taking the two roads crossing Hatchers Run nearest where the present line held by us strikes that stream, both moving toward Dinwiddie Court-House. The cavalry under General Sheridan, joined hy the division now under General Davies, will move at the same time by the Weldon road and the Jerusalem plank road, turning west from the latter before crossing the Nottoway, and west with the whole column before reaching Stony Creek. General Sheridan will then move in- dependently, under other instructions which will be given him. All dismounted cavalry belonging to the Army of the Potomac, and the dismounted cavalry from the Middle Military Division not required for guarding property belonging to their arm of service, will report to Brigadier-General Benham, to be added to the de- fenses of City Point. Major-General Parke will be left in command of all the army left for holding the lines about Petersburg and City Point, subject, of course, to orders from the commander of the Army of the Potomac. The Ninth Army Corps will be left intact to hold the present line of works so long as the whole line now occupied by us is held. If, however, the troops to the left of the Ninth Corps are withdrawn, then the left of the corps may be thrown back so as to occupy the position held by the army prior to the capture of the Weldon road. All troops to the left of the Ninth Corps will be held in readiness to move at the shortest notice by such route as may be designated when the order is given. General Ord will detach three divisions, two white and one colored, or so much of them as he can, and hold his present lines and march for the present left of the Army of the Potomac. In the absence of further orders, or until further orders are given, the white divisions will follow the left column of the Army of the Potomac, and the colored division the right column. During the movement, Major- General Weitzel will be left in command of all the forces renmaining behind from tIme Army of the James. The movement of troops from the Army of the James will commence on the night of the 27th instant. General Ord will leave behind the minimum number of cavalry necessary for picket duty, in the absence of the main army. A cavalry expedition from General Ords command will also be started from Suffolk, to leav Page 42 42 ~rrn~ ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. tOUAP. t. there on Saturday, the 1st of April, under Colonel Sumner, for the purpose of cut- ting the railroad about Hicksford. This, if accomplished, will have to be a surprise, and therefore from 300 to 500 men will be sufficient. They should, however, be sujported by all the infantry that can be spared from NorfolJ~ and Portsmouth, as far out as to where the cavalry crosses the Blackwater. The crossing should prob- ably be at Uniten. Should Colonel Sumner succeed in reaching the Weldon road he will be instructed to do all the damage possible to the triangle of roads between Hicksford, Weldon, and Gaston. The railroad bridge at Weldon being fitted up for the passage of carriages, it might be practicable to destroy any accumulation of supplies the enemy may have collected south of the Roanoke. All the troops will move with four days rations in haversacks, and eight days in wagons. To avoid as much hauling as possible, and to give the Army of the James the same number of days supply with the Army of the Potomac, General Ord will direct his commis- uartermaster to have sufficient supplies delivered at the terminus of the up in passing. Sixty rounds of ammunition per man will be taken in wagons, and as much grain as tbe transportation on hand will carry, after taking the specified amount of other supplies. The densely wooded country in which the army has to operate making the use of much artillery impracticable, the amount taken with the army will be reduced to six or eight guns to each division, at the option of the army commanders. All necessary preparations for carrying these directions into operation may be commenced at once. The reserves of the Ninth Corps should be massed as much as possible. Wbile I would not now order an unconditional attack on the enemys line by them, they should be ready, and should make the attack if the enemy weaken his line in their front, without waiting for orders. In case they carry the line, then the whole of the Ninth Corps could follow up, so as to join or co-operate with the balance of the army. To prepare for this the Ninth Corps will have rations issued to them, samc as the balance of the army. General Weitzel will keep vigilant watch updn his front, and if found at all practicable to break through at any point, he will do so. A success north of the Jatues should be followed up with great promptness. An attack will not be feasible unless it is found that the enemy has detached largely. In that case it n~y be regarded as evident that the enemy are relying upon their local reserves, principally, for the defense of Rich- mond. Preparations may be made for abandoning all the line north of the James, except inclosed worksonly to be abandoned, however, after a break is made in the lines of the enemy. By these instructions a large part of the armies operating against Richmond is left behind. The enemy, knowing this, may, as an only chance, strip their lines to the merest skeleton, in the hope of advantage not being taken of it, while they hurl everything against the moving column, and return. It cannot be impressed too strongly upon commanders of troops left in the trenches not to allow this to occur without taking advantage of it. The very fact of the enemy coming out to attack, if he does so, might be regarded as almost conclusive evidence of such a weakening, of his lines. I would have it particularly enjoined upon corps commanders that, in case of an attack from the enemy, those not attacked are not to wait for orders fromthe commanding officer of the army to which they belong, but that they will move promptly, and notify the commander of their action. I would also enjoin the same action on the part of division commanders when other partsof their corps are engaged. In like manner I would urge the importance of following up a repulse of the enemy. U. S. GRANT, LieutenantGeneral. Early on the morning of the 25th the enemy assaulted our lines in front of the Ninth Corps (which held from the Appomattox River toward our left) and carried Fort Stedman and a part of the line to the right and left of it, established themselves, and turned the guns of the fort against us; but our troops on either flank held their ground until the reserves were brought up, when the enemy was driven back with a heavy loss in killed and wounded, and 1,900 pris- oners. Our loss was 68 killed, 337 wounded, and 506 missin g.Gen- eral Meade at once ordered the other corps to advance and feel the enemy in their respective fronts. Pushing forward, they captured and held the enemys strongly in~renched picket-line in front of the Second and Sixth Corps, and 834 prisoners. The *~nemy made des Page 43 CHAP. Li OENE1~At Th1~PORT. 42 perate attempts to retake this line, but without success. Our loss in front of these was 52 killed, 864 wounded, and 207 missing. The en~mfs loss in killed and wounded was far greater. General Sherman having got his troops all quietly in camp about Goldsborough and his preparations for furnishing supplies to them perfected, visited me at City Point on the 27th of March and stated that he would be ready to move, as he had previously written me, by the 10th of April, fully equipped and rationed for twenty days, if it should become necessary to bring his command to bear against Lees army, in co-operation with our forces in front of Richmond and Petersburg. General Sherman proposed in this movement to threaten Raleigh, and then, by turning suddenly to the right, reach the Roanoke at Gaston or thereabouts, whence he could move onto the Richmond and Danville Railroad, striking it in the vicinity of Burkeville, or join the armies operating against Richmond, as might be deem6d best. This plan he was directed to carry into execiatino if he received no further directions in the mean time. I explained to him the movement I had ordered to commence on the 29th of March: that if it should not prove as entirely successful as I hoped I would cut the cavalry loose to destroy the Danville and South Side railroads, and thus deprive the enemy of further supplies, and also prevent the rapid concentration of Lees and Johnstons armies. I had spent days of anxiety lest each morning should bring the report that the enemy had retreated the night before. I was firmly convinced that Shermans crossing the Roanoke would be the signal for Lee to leave. With Johnston and him combined a long, te(lious, and expensive campaign, consuming most of the summer, might be- come necessary. By moving out I would put the army in better condition for pursuit, and would at least, by the destruction of the Danville road, retard the concentration of the two armies of Lee and Johnston and cause the enemy to abamdon niuch material that he might otherwise save. I therefore determined not to delay the move- inent ordered. On the night of the 27th Major-General Ord, with two divisions of the Twenty-fourth Corps, Major-General Gibbon commanding, and one division of the Twenty-fifth Corps, Brigadier- General Birney commanding, and Mackenzies cavalry, took up his line of march in pursuance of the foregoing instructions, and reached the position assigned him near Hatcher Run on the morning of the 29th. On t~he 28th the following instructions were given to General Sherida~n: CITY POINT, VA., ~iar~h 28, 186~. Maj. Gen. P. H. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: The Fifth Army Corps will move by the Vaughn road at 3 a. m. to- morrow morning. The Second moves at about 9 a. in., having but about three miles to march to reach the point designated for it to take on the right of the Fifth Corps, after the latter reaching Dinwiddie Court-House. Move your cavalry at as early an hour as you can, and without being confined to any particular road or roads. You may go out by the nearest roads in rear of the Fifth Corps, pass by its left and passing near to or through Dinwiddie, reach the right and rear of the enemy as soon as you can. It is not the intention to attack the enemy in his intrenched position, but to force him out if possible. Should lie come out and attack us or get himself where he can be attacked, move in with your entire force in your own way, and with the full reliance that the army will engage or follow, as circumstances will dictate. I shall be on the field and will probably be able to communicate with you. Should I not do so, and you find that the enemy keeps within his main in- trenched line, you may cut loose and push for the Danville road. If you find it practicable, I would like ~ou to cross the South Side road between Petersburg arid Burkeville, and destroy it to some extent. I would not advise much detention Page 44 44 TUE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (C!1iP. L. however, until you reach the Danville road, which I would like you to strike as near to the Appomattox as possible. Make your destructioL on that road as com- plete as possible. You can then pass on to the South Side road, west, of Burkwille, and destroy that in like manner. After having accomplished the destruction of the two railroads, which are now the only avenues of supply to Lees army, you may return to this army, selecting your road farther south, or you may go on into North Carolina and join General Sherman. Should you select the latter course, get the information to me as early as possible, so that I may send orders to meet you at Goldsborough. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. On the morning of the 29th the movement commenced. At night the cavalry was at Dinwiddie Court-House and the left of our in- fantry line extended to the Quaker road, near its intersection with the Boydton plank road. The position of the troops, from left to right, was as follows: Sheridan, Warren, Hnmphreys, Ord, Wright, Parke. Everything looked favorable to the defeat of the enemy an4 the capture of Petersburg and Richmond if the proper effort was made. I therefore addressed the following communication to Genei~al Sheridan, having previously informed him verbally not to cut loose for the raid contemplated in his orders until he received notice from me to do so: GRAVELLY CREEK, March 29, 1865. Maj. Gen. P. H. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: Our line is now unbroken from the Appomattox to Dinwiddie. We are all ready. however, to give up all from the Jerusalem plank road to Hatchers Run, whenever the forces can be used advantageously. After getting into line south of Hatchers we pushed forward to find the enemys position. General Griffin was attacked near where the Quaker road intersects the Boydton road, but repulsed it easily, capturing about 100 men. Humphrey~ reached Dhbneys Mills and was pushing on when last heard from. I now feel like ending the matter, if it is pos- sible to do so, before going back. I do not want you, therefore, to cut loose and go after the enemys roads at present. In the morning push around the enemy, if you can, and get on to his right rear. ~ The movm~ments of the enemys cavalry may, of course, modify your actioi~, We will act all together as one army here until it is seen what can be done with the enemy. The signal officer at Cobbs Hill reported, at 11.30 a. in., that a cavalry column had passed that point from Richmond toward Petersburg, taking forty minutes to pass. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. From the night of the 29th to the morning of the 31st the rain fell in such torrents as to make it impossible to move a wheeled vehicle, except as corduroy roads were laid in front of themim. Dur- ing the 30th Sheridan advanced from Dinwiddie Court-House toward Five Forks, where he found the enemy in force. General Warren advanced and extended his line across the Boydton plank road to near the White Oak road, with a view of getting across the latter; but finding the enemy strdng in his front and extending beyond his left, was directed to hold on where he was and fortify. General Humphreys drove the enemy from his front into his main line on the Hatcher, near Burgess Mills. Generals Ord, Wright, and Parke made examinations in their fronts to determine the feasi- bility of an assault on the enemys lines. The two latter reported favorably. The enemy confronting us, as he did1 at every point from Richmond to our extreme left, I conceived his lines must be weakly held, and could be penetrated if my estimate of his forces was correct. I determined, therefore, to extend our line no farther, but to re-enforce General Sheridan with a corps of infantry, and thus enable him to cut loose and turn the enemys right flank, an Page 45 CHAP. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 45 with the other corps assault. the enemys lines. The result of the offensive effort of the enemy the week before, when he assaulted Fort Stedman, particularly favored this. . The enemys intrenched picket-line captured by us at that time threw the lines occupied by the belligerents so close together at some points that it was but a moments run from one to the other. Preparations were at once made to relieve General Humphreys corps to report to General Sheridan, but the condition of the roads prevented immediate move-. ment. On the morning of the 31st General Warren reported favor- ably to getting possession of the White Oak road, and was directed to do so. To accomplish this, he moved with one division, instead of his whole corps, which was attacked by the enemy in superior force and driven back on the Second Division before it had time to form, and it, in turn, forced back upon the Third Division, when the enemy was checked. A division of the Second Corps was immediately sent to his support, the enemy driven back with heavy loss, and possession of the White Oak road gained. Sheridan advanced, and with a portion of his cavalry got possession of the Five Forks, but the enemy, after the affair with the Fifth Corps, re-enforced the rebel cavalry defending that point with infantry, and forced him back toward Dinwid die Court-House. Here Gen- eral Sheridan displayed great generalship. Instead of retreating with his whole command on the main army, to tell the story of superior forces encountered, he deployed his cavalry on foot, leav- ing only mounted men enough to take charge of the horses. This compelled the enemy to deploy over a vast extent of wooded and broken country, and made his progress slow. At this juncture he dispatched to me what had taken place, and that he was dropping back slowly on Dinwiddie Court-House. General Mackenzie~ s cav- alry and one division of the Fifth Corps were immediately ordered to his assistance. Soon after, receiving a report from General Meade that Humphreys could hold our posjtion on the Boydton road, and that the other two divisions of the Fifth Corps could go to Sheridan, they were so ordered at once. Thus the operations of the day necessitated the sending of Warren, because of his accessi- bility, instead of Humphreys, as was intended, and precipitatqd in- tended movements. On the morning of the 1st of April General Sheridaii, re-enforced by General Warren, drove the enemy back on Five Forks, where, late in the evening, he assaulted and carried his strongly fortified position, capturing all his artillery and between 5,000 and 6,000 prisoners. About the close of this battle Bvt. Maj. Gen. Charles Griffin relieved Major-General Warren in command of the Fifth Corps. The report of this reached me after night-fall. Some ap- prehensions filled my mind lest the enemy might desert his lines during the night, and by falling upon General Sheridan before as- sistance could reach him, drive him from his position and open the way for retreat. To guard against this, General Miles division of Humphreys corps was sent to re-enforce him, and a bombardment - was commenced and kept up until 4 oclock in the morning (April 2), when an assault was ordered on the enemys lines. General Wright penetrated the lines with his whole corps, sweeping every- thing before him and to his left toward Hatchers Run, capturing many guns and several thousand prisoners. He was closely fol- lowed by two divisions of General Ords command, until he met the other diyi~i~~ of_General Ovd~ that had ~i~ieceeded in forein~ th Page 46 46 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. enemys lilies near Hatchers Run. Geiwrals Wright and Ord imme- diately swung to the right, and closed all of the enemy on that side of them in Petersburg, wIPle General Humphreys pushed forward with two divisions and joined General Wright on the left. General Parke succeeded in carrying the enemys main line, capturing guns and prisoners, but was unable to carry his inner line. General Sher- idan, being advised of the condition of affairs, returned General Miles to his proper command. On reaching the enemys lines im- mediately surxounding Petersburg, a portion of General Gibbons corps, by a most gallant charge, captured two strong inclosed works, the most salient and commanding south of Petersburg, thus materi- ally shortening the line of investment necessary for taking in the city. The enemy south of Hatchers Run retreated westward to Sutherlands Station, where they were overtaken by Miles division. A severe engagement ensued and lasted until both his right and left flanks were threatened by the approach of General Sheridan, who was moving from Fords Station toward Petersburg, and a division sent by General Meade from the front of Petersburg, when he broke in the utmost confusion, leaving in our hands hi~ guns and many prisoners. This force retreated by the main road along the Appo- mattox River. During the night of the 2d the enemy evacuated Petersburg and Richmond, and retreated toward Danville. On the morning of the 3d pursuit was commenced. general Sheridan pushed for the Danville road, keeping near the Appomattox, fol- I owed by General Meade with the Second and Sixth Corps, while General Ord moved for Burkeville along the South Side road; the Ninth Corps stretched along that road behind him. On the 4th General Sheridan struck the Danville road near Jetersville, where he learned that Lee was at Amelia Court-House. He immediately intrenched himself and awaited the arrival of General Meade, who reached there the next day. General Ord reached Burkeville on the evenii~ of the 5th. On the morning of the 5th I addressed Major- General Sherman the following communication: WILSONS STATION, April 5, 1865. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN: GENERAL: All indications now are that Lee will attempt to reach Danville with the remnant of his force. Sheridan, who was up with him last night, reports all that is left, horse, foot, and dragoons, at 20,000, much demoralized. We hope to reduce this number one-half. I shall push on to Burkeville, and if a stand is made at Danville, will in a very fe~ days go there. If you can possibly do so, push on from where you are, and let us see if we cannot finish the job with Lees and Johnstons armies. Whether it will be better for you to strike for Greensborough or nearer to Danville, you will bebetter able to judge when you receive this. Rebel armies now are the only strategic points to strike at. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the morning of the 6th it was found that General Lee was moving west of Jetersville toward Danville. General Sheridan moved with his cavalry (the Fifth Corps having been returned ~to General Meade on his reaching Jetersville) to strike his flank, fol- lowed by the Sixth Corps, while the Second and Fifth Corps pressed hare after, forcing him to abandon several hundred wagons and sev- eral pieces of artillery. General Ord advanced from Burkeville to- ward Farmville, sending two regiments of infantry and a squadron of cavalry, un(ler Bvt. Brig. Gen. Theodore Read, to reach and de- ~troy thQ bridges. ThPi advance met the head. of Lees column nea Page 47 CHiP. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 47 Farmyille, which it heroically attacked and detained until General Read was killed and his small force overpowered. This caused a delay in the enemys movements, and enabled General Ord to get well up with the remainder of his force, on meeting which the enemy immediately intrenched himself. In the afternoon General Sheridan struck the enemy south of Sailors Creek, captured 16 pieces of artillery, and about 400 wagons, and detained him until the Sixth Corps got up, when a general attack of infantry and cav- alry was made, which resulted in the capture of 6,000 or 7,000 pris- oners, among whom were many general officers. The movements of the Second Corps and General Ords command contributed greatly to the days success. On the morning of the 7th the pur- suit was renewed, the cavalry, except one division, and the Fifth Corps moving by Prince Edward Court-House; the Sixth Corps, General Ords command, and one division of cavalry, on Farmvifle, and the Second Corps by the High Bridge road. It was s~on found that the enemy had crossed to the north side of the Appomattox; but so close was the pursuit that the Second Corps got possession of the common bridge at High Bridge before the enemy could destroy it, and immediately crossed over. The Sixth Corps and a division of cavalry crossed at Farmville to its support. Feeling now that General Lees chance of escape was utterly hope- less, I addressed him the following communication from Farmville: APRIL 7, 1865 General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: The result of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood, by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the C. S. army known as the Army of Northern Virginia. U. S. G~ANT, Lieutenant-General. Early on the morning of the 8th, before leaving, I recejved at Farmville the following: APRIL 7, 1865. Lieut. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I have received your nQte of this date. Though not entertaining the opinion you express on the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid useless effusion of blood, and therefore, before considering your proposition, ask the terms you will offer on condition of its surrender. R. E. LEE, General. To this I immediately replied: APRIL 8, 1865. General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: Your note of last evening, in reply to mine of same date, asking the condition on which I will accept the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, is just received. In reply I would say that, peace being my great desire, there is but one condition I would insist upon, namely, that the men and officers surren- dered shall be disqualified for taking up arms again against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged. I will meet you, or will designate officers to meet any officers you may name for the same purpose, at any point agreeable to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms upon which the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia will be received. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Early on the morning of the 8th the pursuit was resumed. Gen- eral Meade followed north of the Appoinattox, and General Sheri- dan, with all the cavalry, pu8hed 8trai~ht for Appoi~atto~ station Page 48 -48 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. followed by General Ords command and the Fifth Corps. During the day General Meades advance had considerable fighting with the enemys rear guard, but was unable to bring on a general en- gagement. Late in the evening General Sheridan struck the rail- road at Appomattox Station, drove the enemy from there, and captured 25 pieces of artillery, a hospital train, and 4 trains of cars loaded with supplies for Lees army. During this day I accom- panied General Meades column, and about midnight received the following communication from General Lee: APRIL 8, 1865. Lieut. Gen. U. S. GR4NT: GENERAL: I received at a late hour your note of to-day. In mine of yesterday I did not intend to propose the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, but to ask the terms of your proposition. To be frank, I do not think the emergency has arisen to call for the surrender of this army, but as the restoration of peace should be the sole object of all, I desire to know whether your proposals would lead to that end. I cannot, therefore, meet you with a view to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia, but as far as your proposal may affect the C. S. forces under my com- mand, and tend to the restoration of peace, I should be pleased to meet you at 10 a. m. to-morrow, on the old stage road to Richmond, between the picket-lines of the two armies. H. E. LEE, General. - Early on the morning of the 9th I returned him an answer as fol- lows, and immediately started to join the column south of the Ap- poinattox: APRIL 9, 1865. General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: Your note of yesterday is. received. I have no authority to treat on the subject of peace: the meeting proposed for 10a.m. to-day could lead to no good. I will state, howevur, geiferal, that I am equally anxious for peace with yourself, and the whole Noi~th entertains the same feeling. The terms upon which peace can be had are well understood, By the South laying down their arms they will hasten that most desirable event, save thousands of human lives, and hundreds of millions of property not yet destroyed. Seriously hoping that all our difficulties may beset- tled without the loss of another life, I subscribe myself, & c., U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the morning of the 9th General Ords command and the Fifth Corps reached Appomattox Station just as the enemy was making a desperate effort to break through our cavalry. The infantry was at once thrown in. Soon after a white flag was received, requesting a suspension of hostilities pending negotiations for a surrender. Be- fore reaching General Sheridans headquarters I received the follow- ing from General Lee: APRIL 9,1865. Lent. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I received your note of this morning on the picket-line, whither I had come to meet you and ascertain definitely what terms were embraced in your pro- posal of yesterday with reference to the surrender of this army. I now ask an in- terview in accordance with the offer contained in your letter of yesterday for that purpose. R. E. LEE, General. The interview was held at Appomattox Court-House, the result of which is set forth in the following correspondence: APPOMATTOX COURT-HOUSE, VA., April 9,1865. General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th in- stant, I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia on th Page 49 CHAP. L.] GENERAL REPORT. 49 following terms, to wit: Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to an officer to be designated by me, the other to be retained by such officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individ- ual paroles not to take up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged; and each company or regimental commander sign a like parole for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery, and public property to be parked and stacked, and turned over to the officers appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man dill be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by U. S. authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, April 9, 1865. Lieut. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I received your letter of this date containing the terms of surrender of the Army of Nortnern Virginia as proposed by you. As they are substantially the same as those expressed in your letter of the 8th instant, they are accepted. I will proceed to designate the proper officers to carry the stipulations into effect. R. E. LEE, General. The command of Major-General Gibbon, the Fifth Army Corps, under Griffin, and Mackenzies cavalry, were designated to remain at Appomattox Court-House until the paroling of the surrendered army was completed, and to take charge of the public property. The re- mainder of the army immediately returiied to the vicinity of Burke- ville. General Lees great influence throughout the whole South caused his example to be followed, and to-day the result is that the armies lately under his leadership are at their homes, desiring peace and quiet, and their arms are in the hands of our ordnance officers. * On the receipt of my letter of the 5th, General Sherman moved directly against Joe Johnston. who retreated rapidly on and through Raleigh, which place General Sherman occupied on the morning of the 13th. The day preceding news of the surrender of General Lee reached him at Smithfield. On the 14th a correspondence was opened between General Sherman and General Johnston, which resulted on the 18th in an agreement for a suspension of hostilities and a mem- orandum or basis for peace, subject to the approval of the President. This agreement was disapproved by the President on the 21st, which disapproval, together with your iiistructions, was communicated to General Sherman by me in person, on the morning of the 24th, at Raleigh, N: C., in obedience to your orders. Notice was at once given by him to General Johnston for the termination of the truce that had been entered into. On the 25th another meeting between them Was agreed upon, to take place on the 26th, which terminated in the surrender and disbandment of Johnstons army upon sub- stantially the same terms as were given to General Lee. t The expedition under Gnneral Stonemaii from East Tennessee got off on the 20th of March, moving by way of Boone, N. C., and struck the railroad at Wytheville, Chambersburg, and Big Lick. The force striking it at Big Lick pushed on to within a few miles of Lynchburg, destroying the important bridges, while with the * Subordinate reports of the final operations against Lees army will appear in Vol. XLVI. t Subordinate reports of the final operations against Johnstons army will appear in Vol. XLVII. 4 R RVOL Xxxviji, PT Page 50 50 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. I~. main force he effectually destroyed it between New River and Big Lick, and then turned for Greensborough, on the North Carolina railroad, struck that road, arid destroyed the bridges between Dan- ville and Greensborough and between Greensborough and the Yad- kin, together with the depots of supplies along it, and captured 400 prisoners. At Salisbury he attacked and (lefeated a force of the enemy under General Gardner, capturing 14 pieces of artillery and 1,364 prisoners, and destroyed large amounts of army stores. At this place he destroyed fifteen miles of railroad and the bridges to- ward~Charlotte. Thence he moved to Slatersville. ~ General Canby, who had been directed in January to make prepa- rations for a movement from Mobile Bay against Mobile and the interior of Alabama, commenced his movement on the 20th of March. Th~ Sixteenth Corps, Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith commanding, moved from Fort Gaines by water to Fish River; the Thirteenth Corps, under Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, moved from Fort Morgan and joined the Sixteenth Corps on Fish River, both moving thence on Spanish Fort and investing it on the 27th; while Major-General Steeles conimand moved from Pensacola, cut the railroad leading from Tensaw to Montgomery, effected a juiiction with them, and par- tially invested Fort Blakely. After a severe bombardment of Span- ish Fort, a part of its line was carried on the 8th of April. During the night the enemy evacuated the fort. Fort Blakely was carried by assault on the 9th, and many prisoners captured; our loss was considerable. These successes practically opened to us the Alabama River, and enabled us to approach Mobile froni the north. On the night of the 11th the city was evacuated, and was taken possession of by our forces on the morning of the 12th. * The expedition under command of Brevet Major-General Wilson, consisting of 12,500 mounted men, was delayed by rains until March 22, when it. moved from Chickasaw, Ala. On the 1st of April Gen- eral Wilson encountered the enemy in force under Forrest near Ebenezer Church, drove him in confusion, captured 300 prisoners and 3 guns, and destroyed the Central bridge over the Cahiawba River. On the 2d he attacked and captured the fortified city of Selma, defended by Forrest with 7,000 men and 32 guns, destroyed the arsenal, armory, naval foundry, machine-shops, vast quantities of stores, and captured 3,000 prisoners. On the 4th he captured and destroyed Tuscaloosa. On the 10th he crossed the Alabama River, and after sending information of his operations to General Canby, marched on Montgomery, which place lie occupied on the 14th, the enemy having abandoned it. At this place many stores and 5 steam-boats fell into our hands. Thence a force marched direct on Columbus, and another on West Point, both of which places were assaulted and captured on the 16th. At the former place we got 1,509 prisoners and 52 field guns, destroyed 2 gun-boats, the navy-yard, foundries, arsenal, many factories, and munch other pub- lic property. At the latter place we got 300 prisoners, 4 guns, and destroyed 19 locomotives and 300 cars. On the 20th he took pos- session of Macon, Ga., with 60 field guns, 1,200 militia, arid 5 gen- erals, surrendered by General Howell Cobb. General Wilson, hearing that Jeff. Davis was trying to make his escape, sent forces in pursuit, and succeeded iii capturing him on the morning of May * Subordinate reports of Stonemans expedition ~nd Canbys operations against Mobile will appear in Vol. XLIX Page 51 O~. LI GENERAL REPORT. 51 11. On the 4th day of May General Dick Taylor surrendered to Gen- eral Canby all the remaining rebel forces east of the Mississippi. * A force sufficient to insure an easy triumph over the enemy under Kirby Smith, west of the Mississippi, was immediately put in mo- tion for Texas, and Major-General Sheridan designated for its imme- diate command; but on the 26th day of May, and before they reached their destination, General Kirby Smith surrendered his entire com- mand to Major-General Canby. This surrender did not take place, however, until after the capture of the rebel President and Vice- President, and the bad faith was exhibited of first disbanding most of his army, and permitting an indiscriminate plunder of public property. Owing to the report that many of those lately in arms against the Government had taken refuge upon the soil of Mexico, carrying with them arms rightfully belonging to the United States, which had been surrendered to us by agreement (among them some of the leaders who had surrendered in person), and the disturbed coiidition of affairs on the Rio Grande, the orders for troops to proceed to Texas were not changed. There have been severe combats, raids, expeditions, and move- ments to defeat the designs and purposes of the enemy, most of them reflecting great credit on our arms, and which contributed greatly to our final triumphs, that I have not mentioned. Many of these will be found clearly set forth in the reports herewith sub- mitted; some in the telegrams and brief dispatches announcing them, amid others, I regret to say, have not as yet beeh officially reported. For information touchiin g our Indian difficulties, I would respect- tully refer to the reports of the commanders of departments in which they have occurred. It has been my fortune to see the armies of both the West and the East fight battles, and from what I have seen I know there is no difference in their fighting qualities. All that it was possible for men to do in battle they have done. The Western armies conk- menced their battles in the Mississippi Valley, and received the final surrender of the remnant of the principal army opposed to them in North Carolina. The armies of the East commenced their battles on the river from which the Army of the Potomac derived its name, and received the final surrender of their old antagonist at Appo~inat- tox Court-House, Va. The splendid achievements of each have nationalized our victories, removed all sectional jealousies (of which we have unfortunately experienced too muc~m),. and the cause of criniination and recrimination that might have followed had either section failed in its duty. All have a proud record, amid all sections can well congratulate themselves and each other for having done their full share in restoring the supremacy of law over every foot of territory belonging to the United States. Let them hope for perpetual peace and harmony with that enemy whose manhood, however mistaken the cause, drew forth such herculean deeds of valor. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, lou. E. M. STANTON, Lieutenant-General. Secretary ~f WWr. ~ subordinate reports of Wi1s~n~ expedition will appear ir~ Vot ~UX Page 52 52 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. MAY 1-SEPTEMBER 8, 1864.The Atlanta (Georgia) Campaign. SUMMARY OF TIlE PRINCIPAL EVEIN~S. May 1, 1864.Skirmish at Stone Church. 2, 1864.Skirmish at Lees Cross-Roads, near Tunnel Hill. Skirmish near Ringgold Gap. 3, 1864.Skirmish at Catoosa Springs. Skirmish at Red Clay. Skirmish at Chickamauga Creek. 4, 1864.Maj. Gen. Frank P. Blair, jr., assumes command of the Seven- teenth Army Corps. Skirmish on the Varnells Station Road. 5, 1864.Skirmish near Tunnel Hill. 6 7, 1864.Skirmishes at Tunnel Hill. 7, 1864.Skirmsh at Varnells Station. Skirmish near Nickajack Gap. 811, 1864.Demonstration against Rocky Face Ridge, with combats at Buz- zard Roost or Mill Creek Gap, and Dug Gap. 813, 1864.Demonstration against Resaca, with combats at Snake Creek Gap, Sugar Valley, and near Resaca. 913, 1864.Demonstration against Dalton, with conibats near Varnells Sta- tion (9th and 12th) and at Dalton (13th). 13, 11364.Skirmish at Tilton. 1415, 1864.Battle of Resaca. 15, 1864.Skirjnish at Armuchee Creek. Skirmish near Rome. 16, 1864.Skirmish near Calhoun. Action at Rome (or Parkers) Cross-Roads. Skirmish at Floyds Spring. 17, 1864.Engagement at Adairsville. Action at Rome. Affair at Madison Station, Ala. 18, 1864.Skirmish at Pine Log Creek. 18-19, 1864.Combats near Kingston. Combats near Cassville. 20, 1864.Skirmish at Etowah River, near Cartersville. 23, 1864.Action at Stilesborough. 24, 1864.Skirmishes at Cass Station and Cassville. Skirmish at Burnt Hickory (or Huntsville). Skirn.ish near Dallas. 25June 5, 1864.Operations on the line of Pumpkin Vine Creek, with combats at New Hope Church, Picketts Mills, and other points. 26-June 1, 1864.Combats at and about Dallas. 27, 1864.Skirmish at Pond Springs, Ala. 29, 1864.Action at Moulton, Ala. June 9,1864.Skirmishes near Big Shanty and near Stilesborough. 10, 1864.Skirmish at Calhoun. 10July 3, 1864.Operations about Marietta, with combats at Pine Hill, Lost Mountain, Brush Mountain, Gilgal Church, Noonday Creek, McAfees Cross-Roads, Kenesaw Mountain, Powder Springs, Cheneys Farm, Kolbs Farm, Olleys Creek, Nicka- jack Creek, Noyes Creek. and other points. ________ * Of some of the minor events noted in this Summary no circumstam~tial report9 are Qfl fUe, All si~mch are desi~nated in the w~ Page 53 Onip. t4 SUMMARY OP TIlE PRINOIPAL EVEN1~S. 53 June 24, 1864.Action at La Fayette. July 4, 1864.Skirmishes at Ruffs Mill, Neal Dow Station, and Rottenwood Creek. 517, 1864.Operations on the line of the Chattaboochee River, with skir- mishes at Howells, Turners, and Paces Ferries, Ishams Ford, and other points. 1022, 1864.Rousseaus raid from Decatur, Ala., to the West Point and Montgomery Railroad, with skirmishes near Coosa River (13th), near Greenpoint and at Ten Island Ford (14th), near Auburn and near Chehaw (18th). 18, 1864.Skirmish at Buck Head. General John B. Hood, C. S. Army, supersedes General Joseph E. Johnston in command of the Army of Tennessee. 19,1864.Skirmishes on Peach Tree Creek. 20, 1864.Battle of Peach Tree Creek. 21, 1864.Engagement at Bald (or Leggetts) Hill. 22, 1864.Battle of Atlanta. Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, U. S. Army, succeeds Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson in command of the Army of the Ten- nessee. 2224, 1864.Garrards raid to Covington. 23, 1864.Brig. Gen. Morgan L. Smith, U. S. Army, in temporary com- mand of the Fifteenth Army Corps. 23Aug. 25, 1864.Operations about Atlanta, including battle of Ezra Church (July 28), assault at Utoy Creek (Aug. 6), and other combats. 24, 1864.Skirmish near Cartersville. 27, 1864.Maj. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Army of the Tennessee. Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, U. S. Army, resumes command of the Fifteenth Army Corps. Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley, U. S. Army, succeeds Maj. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard in command of the Fourth Army Corps. Brig. Gen. Aipheus S. Williams, U.S. Army, succeeds Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker in temporary command of the Twentieth Army Corps. 2731, 1864.McCooks raid on the Atlanta and West Point and Macon and Western Railroads, with skirmishes near Campbellton (28Lh), near Lovejoys Station (29th), at Clear Creek (30th), Wnd action near Newnan (30th). Garrards raid to South River, with skirmishes at Snapfinger Creek (27th), Flat Rock Bridge and Lithionia (28th). 27Aug. 6, l864.Stonemans raid to Macon, with combats at Macon and Clinton (July 30), Hillsborough (July 3031), Mulberry Creek and Jug Tavern (August 3). 30, 1864.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, U. S. Army, assigned to the com- mand of the Twentieth Army Corps. Aug. 7, 1864.Brig. Gen. Richard W. Johnson, U. S. Army, succeeds Maj. Gen. John M. Palmer in temporary command of the Fourteenth Army Corps. 9, 1864.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis, U. S. Army, assigned to the command of the Fourteenth Army Corps. 10Sept. 9, 1864.Wheelers raid to North Georgia and East Tennessee, with combats at Dalton (August 14-15) and other points Page 54 Aug. 15, 1864.Skirmishes at Sandtown and Fairburn. 1~22, 1864.Kilpatricks raid from Sandtown to Lovejoys Station, with combats at Camp Creek (18th), Red Oak (19th), Flint River (19th), Jonesborough (19th), and Lovejoys Station (20th). 22, 1864.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis, U. S. Army, assumes com- mand of the Fourteenth Army Corps. 26Sept. 1, 1864.Operations at the Chattahoochee railroad bridge and at Paces and Turners Ferries, with skirmishes. ~27, 1864.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Twentieth Army Corps. 29, 1864.Skirmish near Red Oak. 30, 1864.Skirmish near East Point. Action at Flint River Bridge. 31, 1864.- -Skirmish near Rough and Ready Station. 31Sept. 1, 1864.Battle of Jonesborough. Sept. 2, 1864.Union occupation of Atlanta. 2 5,1864.Actions at Lovejoys Station. REPORTS, ETC.* No. 1.Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, U.S. Army, commanding Military Divis- ion of the Mississippi. No. 2.Organization of the Union forces. No. 3.Lieut. Col. Edward D. Kittoe, U.S. Army, Medical Inspector. No. 4.Brig. Gen. William F. Barry, U. S. Army~ Chief of Artillery. No. 5.Capt. Thomas G. Baylor, Ordnance Corps, U. S. Army, Chief of Ord- nance. No. 6.Capt. Orlando M. Poe, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Chief Engineer, of operations July 1-October 31. No. 7.Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Cumberland. No. 8.Surg. George E. Cooper, U. S. Army, Medical Director. No. 9.Brig. Gen. John M. Brannan, U. S. Army, Chief of Artillery. No. 10.Capt. John Rziha, Nineteenth U.S. Infantry, Acting Engineer Officer, of operations September 1-2. No. 11.Maj. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Army Corps, of operations May 1July 27. No. 12.Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Army Corps, of operations July 27September 8. No. 13.Surg. J. Theodore Heard, U. S. Army, Medical Director. No. 14.Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations May 3-July 26. No. 15.Brig. Gen. Nathan Kimball, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations August 4September 8. No. 16.Col. Isaac M. Kirby, One hundred and first Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 17.Capt. William H. Jamison, Twenty-first Illinois Infantry, of operations June 3-September 8. No. 18.Lieut. Col. William T. Chapman, Thirty-eighth Illinois Infantry, of oper- ations May 28September 8. No. 19.Brig. Gen. Walter C. Whitaker, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of operations May 3June 30. No. 20.Col. Jacob E. Taylor, Fortieth Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Bri- gade, of operations June 30-SeptembeV 8. * Of the campaign unless otherwise mentioned Page 55 etti?. LI t~1i~PoflT~, I~TC.MIL. t~tV. OP TIII3~ MISS. 5~i No. 21.Maj. George Hicks, Ninety-sixth Illinois Infantry, of operations June 21 September 8. No. 22.Lieut. Col. Augustus G. Tassin, Thirty-fifth Indiana Infantry, of oper- ations July 1-September 8. No. 23.Brig. Gen. William Grose, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 24.Col. P. Sidney Post, Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry, commanding Third Bri- gade, of operations. July 27-August 7. No. 25.Col. John E. Bennett, Seventy-fifth Illinois Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations September 48. No. 26.Col. John E. Bennett, Seventy-fifth Illinois Infantry. No. 27.Maj. James M. Stookey, Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry, commanding Eight- ieth Illinois Infantry, of operations June 7-September 8. No. 28.Col. Isaac C. B. Suman, Ninth Indiana Infantry. No. 29.Lieut. Col. Orrin D. Hurd, Thirtieth Indiana Infantry. No. 30.Capt. John C. Taylor, Eighty-fourth Indiana Infantry, of operations August 16-September 8. No. 31.Col. Thomas E. Rose, Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 32.Brig. Gen. John Newton, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 33.Brig. Gen. Natban Kimball, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations May 22August 4. No. 34.Col. Emerson Opdycke, One hundred and twenty-fifth Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations August 6September 8. No. 35.Lient. Col. Porter C. Olson, Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantry. No. 36.Lieut. Col. John Russell, Forty-fourth Illinois Infantry. No. 37.Maj. Thomas W. Motherspaw, Seventy-thirdillinois Infantry. No. 38.Capt. Thomas J. Bryan, Seventy-fourth Illinois Infantry. No. 39.Lieut. Col. George W. Smith, Eighty-eighth Illinois Infantry. No. 40.Col. Bernard Laiboldt, Second Missouri Infantry, of operations August 1415 (Wheelers raid). No. 41.Col. Joseph Conrad, Fifteenth Missouri Infantry. No. 42.Maj. Arthur MacArthur, jr., Twenty-fourth Wisconsin Infantry. No. 43.Brig. Gen. George D. Wagner, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 44.Lieut. Col. Willis Blanch, Fifty-seventh Indiana Infantry. No. 45.Maj. Norris T. Peatman, Twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry. No. 46.Brig. Gen. Luther P. Bradley, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 47.Maj. Frederick A. Atwater, Forty-second Illinois Infantry. No. 48.Capt. Albert M. Tilton, Fifty-first Illinois Infantry. No. 49.Lieut. Col. Terrence Clark, Seventy-ninth Illinois Infantry. No. 50.Lient. Col. Robert C. Brown, Sixty-fourth Ohio Infantry. No. 51.Col Emerson Opdycke, One hundred and twenty-fifth Ohio Infantry, of operations May 314. No. 52.Lieut. Col. David H. Moore, One hundred and twenty-fifth Ohio Infantry, of operations May 14September 8. No. 53.Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Wood, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division. No. 54.Col. Charles T. Hotchkiss, Eighty-ninth Illinois Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 55.Col. William H. Gibson, Forty-ninth Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations August 2. No. 56.Lieut. Col. William D. Williams, Eighty-ninth Illinois Infantry. No. 57.Lieut. Col. James M. Graham, Eighth Kansas Infantry, of operations June 28-September 8. No. 58.Col. Frank Askew, Fifteenth Ohio Infantry. No. 59.Lieut. Col. Samuel F. Gray, Forty-ninth Ohio Infantry. No. 60.Lieut. Col. Ole 0. Johnson, Fifteenth Wisconsin Infantry Page 56 56 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CIZAP. L. No. 61.Brig. Gen. William B. Hazen, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of operations May 3August 17. No. 62.Col. P. Sidney Post, Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations August 19-September 8. No. 63.Col. P. Sidney Post, Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry, of operations May 3- July 27. No. 64.Capt. Samuel West, Fifty-ninth Illinois kifantry, of operations August 24-September 8. No. 65.Licut. Col. Robert L. Kimberly, Forty-first Ohio Infantry, commanding regiment and demi-brigade. No. 63.Colonel Henry K. McConnell, Seventy-first Ohio Infantry, of operations August 9-September 8. No. 67.Lieut. Col. Daniel Bowman, Ninety-third Ohio Infantry. No. 68.Col. Oliver H. Payne, One hundred and twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry, including operations of Ninety-third Ohio Infantry, May 6August 19. No. 69.Col. Frederick Knefler, Seventy-ninth Indiana Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 70.Capt. Eli F. Ritter, Seventy-ninth Indiana Infantry. No. 71.Col. George F. Dick, Eighty-sixth Indiana Infantry. No. 72.Lieut. Col. Chesley D. Bailey, Ninth Kentucky Infantry, of operations May 3-June 26. No. 73.Col. George H. Cram, Ninth Kentucky Infantry, of operations June 26- September 8. No. 74.Col. Alexander M. Stout, Seventeenth Kentucky Infantry. No. 75.Maj. Joseph T. Sntder, Thirteenth Ohio Infantry. No. 76.Lieut. Col. Henry G. Stratton, Nineteenth Ohio Infantry. No. 77.Capt. Robert H. Higgins, Fifty-ninth Ohio Infantry. No. 78.Capt. Lyman Bridg.s, Illinois Light Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, Fourth Army Corps. No. 79.Capt. Peter Simonson, Fifth Indiana Battery, Chief of Artillery, First Division, of operations May 3-June 9. No. 80.Capt. George W. Spencer, Battery M, First Illinois Light Artillery. No. 81.Lient. Lyman A. White, Bridges Illinois Battery. No. 82.Lieut. George H. Briggs, Fifth Indiana Battery. No. 83.Capt. Wilbur F. Goodspeed, Battery A, First Ohio Light Artillery. No. 84.Capt. Frederick Schultz, Battery M, First Ohio Light Artillery, of oper- ations June 24-September 8. No. 85.Capt~ Cullen Bradley, Sixth Ohio Battery. No. 86.Capt. Jacob Ziegler, Battery B, Pennsylvania Light Artillery. No. 87.Maj. Gen. John M. Palmer, U. S. Army, commanding Fourteenth Army Corps, of operations May 30, and itinerary of the corps May 0Sep- tember 8. No. 88.Brig. Gen. Richard W. Jobuson, U. S. Army, commanding Fourteenth Army Corps, of operations August 7. No. 89.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis, U. S. Army, commanding Fourteenth Army Corps, of operations August 22September 8. No. 90.Brig. Geii. Richard W. Johnson, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations May 3-June 13 and July 13-August 7. No. 91.Brig. Gen. William P. Carlin, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations August 17-September 8. No. 92.Journal of the First Brigade. No. 93.Lieut. Col. Douglas Hapeinan, One hundred and fourth Illinois Infantry. No. 94.Lieut. Col. William T. B. Mclntire, Forty-second Indiana Infantry. No. 95.Lieut. Col. Cyrus B. Briant, Eighty-eighth Indiana Infantry Page 57 Ciap. Li 1~EPORT~, 1~tC.MIt. DIV. OJ3~ THE MISS. 57 No. 96.Lieut. Col. William G. Halpin, Fifteenth Kentucky Infantry. No. 97.Capt. Thaddeus A. Minshall, Thirty-third Ohio Infantry. No. 98.Lieut. Col. Rue P. Hutchins, Ninety-fourth Ohio Infantry. No. 99.Maj. Michael H. Fitch, Twenty-first Wisconsin Infantry. No. 100.Maj. John R. Edie, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding Second Bri- gade. No. 101...Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Brigham, Sixty-ninth Ohio Infantry, of operations May 8-August 25. No. 102.Capt. Lewis E. Hicks, Sixty-ninth Ohio Infantry, of operations August 25September 2. No. 103.Capt. Horace Jewett, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding First Bat- talion. No. 104.Capt. William S. McManus, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding Sec- ond Battalion. No. 105.Capt. Robert P. Barry. Sixteenth U. S. Infantry. No. 106.Capt. George W. Smith, Eighteenth U. S. Infantry, of operations May 3 July 17. No. 107.Capt. Lyman M. Kellogg, Eighteenth U. S. Infantry, of operations June 14-September 1. No. 108.Capt. Robert B. Hull, Eighteenth U. S. Infantry. No. 109.Capt. William J. Fetterman, Eighteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding Second Battalion, of operations May 4-July 5. No. 110.Capt. James Mooney, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding First Bat- talion. No. lilCol. Benjamin F. Scribuer, Thirty-eighth Indiana Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations May 7-July 5. No. 112.Col. Marshall F. Moore, Sixty-ninth Ohio Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations July 15September 8. No. 113.Licut. Col. William D. Ward, Thirty-seventh Indiana Infantry. No. 114.Maj; Thomas V. Kimble, Thirty-seventh Indiana Infantry, of Qperations May 27-June 6. No. 115. Lieut. Col. Daniel F. Griffin, Thirty-eighth Indiana Infantry. No. 116.Lieut. Col. Arnold McMahan, Twenty-first Ohio Infantry. No. 117.Col. Josiah Given, Seventy-fourth Ohio Infantry, of operations May 7 July 5 and August 16-September 5. No. 118.Maj. Joseph Fisher, Seventy-fourth Ohio Infantry, of operations July 5-August 15. No. 119.Col. William Sirwell, Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper- ations August 1415 (Wheelers raid). No. 120. Maj. Michael H. Locher, Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 121.Col. Henry A. Hambri~ht, Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper- ations May 24. No. 122.Lieut. Col. George B. Bingham, First Wisconsin Infantry. No. 123.Bvt. Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis, U.S. Army, commanding Second Divis- ion, of operations May 1August 22. No. 124.Brig. Gen. James D. Morgan, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations August 23September 8. No. 125.Brig. Gen. James D. Morgan, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations May 1-August 22. No. 126.Col. Charles M. Lum, Tenth Michigan Infantry, commanding First Bri- gade, of operations August 24-September 8. No. 127.Capt. George C. Lusk, Tenth Illinois Infantry, of operations May 1 August 20. No. 128.Lieut. Col. James B. Cahill, Sixteenth Illinois Infantry Page 58 TItI~ ATLANTA OAMPAIG~. tdnAp. L. No. 129.Col. William B. Anderson, Sixtieth Illinois Infantry. No. 130.Col. Charles M. Lum, Tenth Michigan Infantry, of operations May 16- August 27. No. 131.Capt. XVilliam H. Dunphy, Tenth Michigan Infantry, of operations Au- gust 27September 8. No. 132.Col. Henry R. Mizner, Fourteenth Michigan Infantry, of operations June 4-September 5. No. 133.Maj. Joel 0. Martin, Seventeenth New York Infantry, of operations September 1. No. 134.Col. John G. Mitchell, One hundred and thirteenth Ohio Infantry, coin- manding Second Brigade. No. 135.Lient. Col. Oscar Van Tasseil, Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. No. 136.Lieut. Col. Mans R. Vernon, Seventy-eighth Illinois Infantry. No. 137.Lient. Col. John S. Pearce, Ninety-eighth Ohio Infantry. No. 13g.Capt. Toland Jones, One hundred and thirteenth Ohio Infantry. No. 139.Col. Henry B. Banning, One hundred and twenty-first Ohio Infantry. No. 140.Lient. Col. Janies W. Langley, One hundred and twenty-fifth Illinois In- fantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 141.Capt. James R. Griffith, Eighty-fifth Illinois Infantry. No. 142.Lient. Col. Allen L. Fahnestock, Eighty-sixth Illinois Infantry. No. 143.Lieut. Col. E. Hibbard Topping, One hundred and tenth Illinois Infantry. No. 144.Capt. George W. Cook, One hundred and twenty-fifth Illinois Infantry. No. 145.Capt. William H. Snodgrass, Twenty-second Indiana Infantry. No. 146.Maj. James T. Holmes, Fifty-second Ohio Infantry. No. 147.Brig. Gen. Absaloin Baird, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division. No. 148.Col. Moses B. Walker, Thirty-first Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 149.Col. Morton C. Hunter, Eighty-second Indiana Infantry. No. 150.Col. William P. Robinson, Twenty-third Missouri Infantry, of operations July 10-September 8. No. 151.Iiient. Col. Ogden Street, Eleventh Ohio Infantry, of operations May 730. No. 152.Col. Durbin Ward, Seventeenth Ohio Infantry. No. 153.Lieut. Col. Frederick W. Lister, Thirty-first Ohio Infantry. No. 154.Maj. John H. Jolly, Eighty-ninth Ohio Infantry, of operations May 7 June 1. No. 155.Col. Caleb H. Carlton, Eighty-ninth Ohio Infantry, of operations June 1 September 8. No. 156.Col. Benjamin D. Fearing, Ninety-second Ohio Infantry. No. 157.Col. Newell Gleason, Eighty-seventh Indiana Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 158.Maj. Cyrus J. McCole, Seventy-fifth Indiank Infantry. No. 159.Lient. Col. Edwin P. Hammond, Eighty-seventh Indiana Infantry. No. 160.Lient. Col. Thomas Doan, One hundred and first Indiana Infantry. No. 161.Lient. Col. Judson W. Bishop, Second Minnesota Infantry. No. 162.Lient. Col. George T. Perkins, One hundred and fifth Ohio Infantry. No. 163.Col. George P. Este, Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, commanding Third Bri- gade. No. 164.Col. William H. Hays, Tenth Kentucky Infantry. No. 165.Maj. John W. Wilson, Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, of operations, May 10 August 20. No. 166.Capt. George W. Kirk, Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, of operations Sep- tember 1. No. 167.Col. William A. Choate, Thirty-eighth Ohio Infantry, of operations May 10August 15 Page 59 t~Az~. LI 1t~OflTS, I~TC.MIt. 1I~tV. OF THI~ MP~. No. 168.Maj.Charleslloughtaling, First Illinois Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery, Fourteenth Army Corps. No. 169.Capt. Mark H. Prescott, Battery C, First Illinois Light Artillery. No. 170.Capt. Charles M. Barnett, Battery I, Second Illinois Light Artillery. No. 171.Caiit. Otho H. Morgan, Seventh Indiana Battery. No. 172.Lieut. William P. Stackhouse, Nineteenth Indiana Battery, of operations May 7-August 31. No. 173.Capt. Milton A. Osborne, Twentieth Indiana Battery, of operations Au- gust 14-September 2. No. 174.Lieut. Joseph McKnight, Fifth Wisconsin Battery.* No. 1. Reports of Maj. Gem. William T. Sherman, U. S. Army, command ing Military Division of the Mississippi. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississippi, In the Field, Acworth, Ga., June 8, 1864. I have heretofore telegraphed you almost daily the progress of events in this quarter, t and as I propose to delay here to-day and it may be to-morrow to afford time to repair rail,road bridge across the Etowah and for other combinations at a distance, I propose now merely to report in general terms the state of affairs for the infor- mation of the lieutenant-general commanding the armies of the United States. Having made my orders at Nashville for the con- centration of the Armies of the Cumberland, Ohio,.and Tennessee at and near Chattanooga by May 5, according to tlie programme of Lieutenant-General Grant, I repaired to Chattanooga in person on the 29th of April, and remained there until May 6, by whichdate General Thomas had grouped his army at and about Ringgold, Gen- eral Schofield his at and near Cleveland, and General McPherson at and near Gordons Mills on the Chickamauga. May 6, all the armies moved forward, General Thomas on Tunnel Hill, a gravelly range of hills covering the mouth of the famous Buzzard Roost Pass through Rocky Face Ridge; General Schofield along the east of that range approaching Dalton from the north, and General Mc- Pherson aiming for Resaca, eighteeh miles south of Dalton, through Snake Creek Gap and Sugar Valley. The enemy lay at Dalton, holding the Buzzard Roost Pass, the line of Mill Creek to the north, and his line of railway back toward Atlanta. My purpose was that General McPherson should reach the railway at Resaca, destroy it to Johnstons rear, and then take up a strong defensive position near the month of the gap, and to operate on the flank of the enemy as he retreated. General McPherson reached Resaca with little diffi - culty but did not break the road. As soon as I learned this I left Gen~al Howards corps (the Fourth) with cavalry to watch the Buzzard Roost Pass and moved the whole army to Resaca. From the Rocky Face Ridge the enemy had & full view of our movement and a shorter and better line to reach Resaca, so that when on the 13th May I reached Resaca the enemy had evacuated Dalton and occupied Resaca in force. I did not hesitate to attack him though strongly intrenched. Sending a division (General Sweenys) of the Sixteenth Corps with a pontoon train to Lays Ferry with orders to * Reports continued in Part II. ~ See Correspondence, etc., Part IV. 1~~, Page 60 60 tflI~ ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. o~ip. t~. cross the Oostenaula, there to threaten and if necessary attack the enemys line at Calhoun, I gradually enveloped the enemy in Resaca, and pressed him so hard that he evacuated in the night of May 15 and retreated by the good roads south. He made a short stand at Adairsville and made extensive preparation at Cassville, ~but on our approach in strength he retreated south of the Etowah River by the Allatoona Pass. The country along the Etowah is rich in wheat fields and in minerals. Occupying Rome and Kingston I delayed until the 23d of May to fill our wagons and replenish ammunition. I knew the strength of Allatoona Pass, having ridden through it twenty years ago, and knew it would reduce our strength by forcing us to operate by the head of a single column. I determined not to~attempt it but to pass the range by other more devious and difficult natural roads that would admit of more equal terms with the enemy should he attempt to meet us. Accordingly, .on the 23d, General Thomas was ordered to move via Euharlee, Stilesborough, and Burnt Hickory on Dallas; General Schofield to cross the Etowah higher up and keep on Gen- eral Thomas left, via Richland Creek and Huntsville, while General McPherson crossed at the mouth of Connasene Creek and moved to the right of Dallas, via Van Wert. General Jeff. C. Davis division, of General Thomas army, had occupied Rome from Resaca, moving by the west of the Oostenaula. General McPherson was ordered to relieve General Davis by a brigade of his, and General Davis also marched from Rome via Van Wert. All the columns reached their destined points on the 25th, and we found the enemy in force on all the roads occupying difficult ground, extending along the Dallas and Acworth road, beginning about two miles northeast of Dallas and extending full five miles. As soon as the head~ of General Thomas column, General Hookers corps, could be got well into position, I ordered it to attack violently and secure the position at New Hope Church, which would have broken the line of the enemy in two and given us great advantage. General Hooker attacked well and drove the enemy back to the very road, but a pitchy dark night set in and by the next day the eneniy had strengthened his position by strong breast-works that were too serious to attempt. Accordingly I ordered the whole army to deploy forward, conforming our line substantially to that of the enemy, General McPherson and General Davis, who were at and in front of Dallas, to close to the left of General Hooker. The ground was very difficult, being densely wooded and composed of ridges and spurs of flinty ground, very barren as to forage and difficult for roads. It took us nearly a week to feel well up to the enemy, who continued, of course, to strengthen his position, so that by the 31st of May it became necessary for me to order the direct assault or to turn the enemys works. The railroad and main Georgia road being to our left, I resolved to pass the enemys i~ght flank and place the whole army in front of Allatoona Pass. Gen- eral McPherson was ordered to draw off from Dallas and move up six miles and replace General Hooker on our right flank in front of New Hope Church, General Thomas and General Schofield to move to the left, making as much eastward as possible. General McPher- son got up about noon of June 1 and the gemieral movement began, but heavy rains set in, delaying us so that General Schofield djd not actually envelop the enemys extreme right until late in the after- noon ofJ une 3; but in the mean time, coincident with the first move that could indicate to the enemy our purpose, I sent direct to All Page 61 L.] REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 61 toQila Pass all my available cavalry, General Stoneman to secure the east end and General Garrard the west endboth of whom succeeded. During the 4th it rained very hard and the night was dark and stormy, but in the morning the enemy was gone and we had full possession of Allatoona Pass and the railroad as far down as Kene- saw Mountain, which is a detached mountain near Marietta. This is what I was contending for, and I now have put a strong construc- tion party at work on the Etowah bridge. Our wagons are back for forage and supplies. General Blairs column is just arriving, and to-morrow I expect to be ready to move on. We hold in some force Dalton, Kingston, Rome, Resaca, and Allatoona Pass. I am fully aware that these detachments weaken me in the exact proportion our enemy has gained strength by picking up his detachments. Johnston has managed to skillfully keep up the spirit of his army and people by representing his retreat as strategy, but I doubt if they can overlook the fact that he has abandoned to us the best wheat-growing region of Georgia and all its most valuable iron-works and foundries. I send you copies of niy field orders* which will give pretty good idea of the strategy on our part, and send you a file of Atlanta papers up to the 5th instant. I cannot now undertake to describe our various conflicts, but Will do so at a later period. Our losses and detachments are fully re- placed by veteran regiments and detachments that have joined, and the two good old divisions of the Seventeenth Corps that Geiieral Blair has just brought up. I am, with respect, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Washington, D. C. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MIssIsSIPPI, Atlanta, Ga., September 15, 1S64. GENERAL: I have heretofore from day to day by telegraphf kept the War Department and General-in-Chief advised of the progress of events, but now it becomes necessary to review the whole cam- paign which has resulted in the capture and occupation of the city of Atlanta. On the 14th day of March, 1864, at Memphis, Tenn., I received notice from General Grant, at Nashville, that he had been commis- sioned Lieutenant-General and Commander in Chief of the Armies of the United States, which would compel him to go East, and that I had been appointed to succeed him as commander of the Division of the Mississippi. He summoned me to Nashville for a conference, and I took my departure the same day and reached Nashville, via Cairo, on the 17th, and accompanied him on his journey eastward as far as Cincinnati. We had a full and complete understanding of the policy and plans for the ensuing campaign, covering a vast area of country, my part of which extended from Chattanooga to Vicksburg. I returned to Nashville, and on the 25th began a tour of inspection, visiting Athens, Decatur, Huntsville, and Larkins Ferry, Ala.; Chattanooga, Loudon, and Knoxville, Tenn. During this visit I had *See Part IV. ~ See Parts IV ~g~4 V Page 62 62 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. interviews with General McPherson, commanding the Army of,the Tennessee, at Huntsville; Major-General Thomas, commari ding the Army of the Cumberland, at Chattanooga, and General Schofield, commanding the Army of the Ohio, at Knoxville. We arranged in general terms the lines of communication to be guarded, the strength of the several columns and garrisons, and fixed the 1st day of May as the time when all things should be ready. Leaving these officers to complete the details of organization and preparation, I returned again to Nashville on the 2d of April, and gave~my personal attention to the question of supplies. I found the depots at Nashville abundantly supplied, and the railroads in very fair order, and that steps had already been taken to supply ~rs and locomotives to fill the new and increasedAemand of the service, but the impoverished condition of the inhabitants of East Tennessee, more especially in the region arQund about Chattanooga, had forced the commanding officers of the posts to issue food to the people. I was compelled to stop this, for a simple calculation showed that a single railroad could not feed the armies and the people too, and of course the army had the preference, but I endeavored to point the people to new cTiannels of supply. At first my orders operated very hard, but the prolific soil soon afforded early vegetables, and ox- wagons hauled meat and bread from Kentucky, so that no actual suffering resulted, and I trust that those who clamored at the cruelty and hardships of the day have already seen in the results a perfect justification of my course. At once the store-houses at Chattanooga began to fill so that by the 1st of May a very respectable quantity of food and forage had been accumnlated there, and from that day to this stores have been brought forward in wonderful abundance, with a surplus that has enabled me to feed the army well during the whole period of time, although the enemy has succeeded more than once in breaking our road for many miles at different points. During the month of April I received from Lieutenant-General Grant a map, with a letter of instructions,* which is .now at Nash- ville, but a copy will be procured and made a part of this report. Subsequently I received from him uotice that lie would move from his camp about Culpeper, Va., on the 5th of May, and he wanted me to do the same from Chattanooga. I My troops were still dis- persed, and the cavalry, so necessary to our success, was yet collect- ing horses at Nicholasville, Ky., and Columbia, Teun. On the 27th of April I put all the troops in motion toward Chat- tanooga, and on the next day went there in person. My aim and purpose was to make the Army of the Cumberland 50,00Q men, that of the Tennessee 35,000, and that of the Ohio 15,000. These figures were approximated, but never reached, the Army of the Tennessee failing to receive certain divisions that were still kept on the Missis- sippi River, resulting from the unfavorable issue of the Red River expedition. But on the 1st of May the effective strength of the several armies for offensive purposes was about as follows: Army of the Cumberland, Major-General Thomas commanding: Infantry, 54,568; artillery, 2,377; cavalry, 3,828; total, 60,773. Guns, 130. Army of the Tennessee, Major-General McPherson commanding; Infantry, 22,437; artillery, 1,404; cavalry, 624; total, 24,465. Guns, 96. *See foot-note Vol. XXXII, Part III, p. 2Q1, ~ See Vol, ~(XXII. Part III, p. 52 Page 63 Ca& i~. Li REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 63 Army of the Ohio, Major-General Schofield commanding: In- fantry, 11,183; artillery, 679; cavalry, 1,697; total, 13,559. Guns, 28. Grand aggregate: Troops, 98,797; guns, 254. About these figures have been maintained dnring the campaign, the number of men joining from furlough and hospitals about com- pensating for the loss in battle and from sickness. These armies were grouped on the morning of May 6 as follows: That of the Cumberland at and near Ringgold; that of the Tennes- see at Gordons Mills, on the Chickamauga; and that of the Ohio near Red Clay, on the Georgia line, north of Dalton. The enemy lay in and about Dalton, superior to me in cavalry (Wheelers), and with three corps of infantry and artillery, viz : Hardees, Hoods, and Polks, the whole commanded by General Joe Johnston, of the Confederate Army. I estimated the cavalry under Wheeler at about 10,000, and the infantry and artillery about 45,000 to 50,000 men. To strike Dalton in front was impracticable, as it was covered by an inaccessible ridge known as the Rocky Face, through which was a pass between Tunnel Hill and Dalton known as the Buzzard Roost, through which lay the railroad and wagon road. It was nar- row, well obstructed by abatis, and flooded by. water caused by dams across Mill Creek. Batteries also commanded it in its whole length from the spurs on either side, and more especially from a ridge at the farther end like a traverse directly across its d~bouch& It was, therefore, necessary to turn it. On its north front the enemy had a strong line of works behind Mill Creek, so that my attention was at once directed to the south. In that direction I found Snake Creek Gap, affording me a good practicable way to reach Resaca, a point on the enemys railroad,line of communication, eighteen miles below Dalton. Accordingly I ordered General McPherson to move rapidly from his position at Gordons Mills, via Ships Gap, Villanow, and Snake Creek Gap directly on Resaca, or the railroad at any point below Dalton, and to make a bold attack. After breaking the railroad well he was ordered to fall back to a strong defensive position near Snake Creek, and stand ready to fall on the enemys flank when he retreated, as I judged he would. During the movement General Thdmas was to make a strong feint of attack in front, while General Schofield pressed down from the north. General Thomas moved from Ringgold on the 7th, occupying Tunnel Hill, facing the Buz- zard Roost Gap, meeting with little opposition, and pushing the enemys cavalry well through the gap. General McPherson reached Snake Creek a on the 8th, completely surprising a brigade of cavalry which was coming to watch and hold it, and on the 9th Gen- eral Schofield pushed down close on Dalton from the north, while General Thomas renewed his demonstration against Buzzard Roost and Rocky Face Ridge, pushing it almost to a battle. One division (General Newtons) of the Fourth Corps (General Howards) carried the ridge, and turning south toward Dalton found the crest too narrow and too well protected by rock epaulements to enable him to reach the gorge or pass. Another division (General Gearys) of the Twentieth Corps (General Hookers) also made a bold push for the summit to the south of the pass, bitt the narrow road as it ap- proached th~ summit was too strongly held by the enemy to be carried. This, however, was only designed as a demonstration, and worked well, for General McPherson was thereby enabled to march within a tuile of Resaca alrno~t unopposed. lie found 2Resa~a tQ Page 64 64 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Cn.u. L. strong to be carried by assault, and although there were many good roads leading from north to south, endangering his left flank, from the direction of Dalton. he could find no road by which he could rapidly cross over to the railroad, and accordingly he fell back and took strong position near the east end of Snake Creek Gap. I was somewhat disappointed at the result, still apl)reciated the advantage gained, and on the 10th ordered General Thomas to send General Hookers corps to Snake Creek Gap in support of General McPher- son, and to follow with another corps (the Fourteenth, General Palmers), leaving General Howard with the Fourth Corps to con- tinue to threaten Dalton in front, while the rest of the army moved rapidly through Snake Creek Gap. On the same day General Schofield was ordered to follow by the same route, and on the 11th the whole army excepting General How- ards corps and some cavalry left to watch Dalton, was in motion on the west side of Rocky Face Ridge for Snake Creek Gap and Resaca. The next daywe moved against Resaca, General McPher- son on the direct road, preceded by General Kilpatricks cavalry, General Thoiiias to come up on his left, and General Schofield on his. General Kilpatrick met and drove the enemys cavalry from a cross-road within two miles of Resaca, but received a wound which disabled him, and gave the command of his brigade to Colonel Murray, who, according to his orders, wheeled out of the road, leaving General McPherson to pass. General McPherson struck the enemys infantry pickets near Resaca and drove them within their fortified lines, and occupied a ridge of bald hills, his right on the Oosteiiaula, about two miles below the railroad bridge, and his left abreast the town. General Thomas came up on his left facing Camp Creek, and General Schofield broke his way through the dense forest to General Thomas left. Johnston had left Dalton and General Howard entered it and pressed his rear. Noth- ing saved Johnstons army at Resaca but the impracticable nature of the country, which made the passage of troops across the valley almost impossible. This fact enabled his army to reach Resaca from Dalton along the comparatively good road, constructed beforehand partly from the topographical nature of the country and partly from the foresight of the rebel chief. At all events, on the 14th of May, we found the rebel army in a strong position behind Camp Creek, occupying the forts at Resaca and his right on some high chestnut hills, to the north of the town. I at once ordered a pontoon bridge to be laid across the Oostenaula at Lays Ferry in the direction of Calhoun; a division of the Sixteenth Corps, commanded by General Sweeny, to cross and threaten Calhoun; also, the cavalry division of General Garrard to move from its position at Villanow down toward Rome to cross the Oostenaula and break the railroad below Calhoun and above Kingston, if possible, and with the main army I pressed against Resaca at all points. General McPherson got across Camp Creek, near its mouth, and made a Iodgment close up to the enemys works on hills that commanded, with short-range artil- lery, the railroad and trestle bridge, and General Thomas pressing close along Camp Creek Valley threw General Hookers corps across the head of. the creek to the main Dalton road and down it close to Resaca. General Schofield came up close on his left, and a heavy battle ensued during the afternoon and evening of the 15th, during which General Hooker drove the enemy from several strong hills, Captured a 4-gun battery and many prisoners. That night John Page 65 CHAP. 14 REPORTS, ETC.-MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 65 ston escaped, retreating south across the Gostenaula, and the next morning we entered the town in time to save the road bridge, but the railroad bridge was burned. The whole army started in pursuit, General Thomas directly on his heels, General McPherson by Lays Ferry, and General Schofield by obscure roads to the left. We found in Resaca another 4-gun battery and a good lot of stores. General McPherson during the 16th got across at Lays Ferry. General Thomas had to make some additional bridges at Resaca, but General Schofield had more trouble, and made a wide circuit to the left by Fites and Fields Ferries across the.Coiiesauga and Coosa- wattee Rivers, which form the Oostenaula. On the 17th all the armies moved south by as many different roads as we could find, and General Thomas had sent by my orders a division (General Jeff. C. Davis) along the west bank of the Ooste- naula to Rome. Near Adairsville we again found signs of the rebel army and of a purpose to fight, and about sunset of that day General Newtons division in the advance had a pretty sharp encounter with his rear guard, but the next morning he was gone, and we pushed on through Kingston to a point four miles beyond, where we found him again in force on ground comparatively open and well adapted to a grand battle. We made the proper dispositions, General Schofield approaching Cassville from. the north, to which point General Thomas had also directed General Hookers corps, and I had drawn General McPhersons army from Woodland to Kingston to be in close support. On the 19th the enemy was in force about Cassville with strong forts, but as our troops converged on him he again retreated in the night-time across the Etowah River, burning the road and railroad bridges near Cartersville, but leaving us in complete possession of the most valuable country above the Etowah River. Holding Gen- eral Thomas army about Cassville, General McPhersons about Kingston, and General Schofields at Cassville Depot and toward the Etowah bridge, I gave the army a few days rest and also time to bring forward supplies for the next stage of the campaign. In the mean time General Jeff. C. Davis had got possession of Rome with its forts, some eight or ten guns of heavy caliber, and its valuable mills and foundries. We also secured possession of two good bridges across the Etowah River near Kingston, giving us the means of crossing toward the south. Satisfied that the enemy could and would hold us in check at the Allatoona Pass, I resolved, with- out even attempting it in. front, to turn it by a circuit to the right, and, having supplied our wagons for twenty days absence from our railroad, I left a garrison at Rome and Kingston, and on the 23d put the army in motion for Dallas. General McPherson crossed the Eto- wah at the mouth of Connasene Creek, near Kingston, and moved from his position to the south of Dallas via Van Wert. General Davis division moved directly from Rome for Dallas via Van Wert. General Thomas took the road via Euharlee and Burnt Hickory, while General Schofield moved by other roads more to the east, aiming to come upon General Thomas left. General Thomas head of col- umn skirmished with the enemys cavalry about Burnt Hickory, and captured a courier with a letter of General Johnstons showing he had detected the movement and was preparing to meet us about Dallas. The country was very rugged, mountainous, and densely wooded, with few and obscure roads. R RYOL XXXVIII, PT Page 66 66 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (Cx.w. L. On the 25th May General Thomas was moving from IBurnt Hickory for Dallas, his troops on three roads, General Hooker having the ad- vance. When he approached the Pumpkin Vine Creek, on the main Dallas road, lie found a respectable force of the enemys cavalry at a bridge to his left. He rapidly pushed them across the creek, saving the bridge, though on fire, and followed ont eastward about two miles, where he first encountered infantry, whose pickets he drove some distance, until he encountered the enem ys line of battle, aiid his leading division, General Gearys, had a severe encounter. General Hookers two other divisions were on other roads and he ordered them in, although the road he was then following by reason of the presence of the enemy, led him north of Dallas about four miles. It was near 4p.m. before General Hooker got his whole corps well in hand, when he deployed two divisions, and by my orders made a bold push to secure possession of a point known as the New Hope Church, where three roads met from Acworth, Marietta, and Dallas. Here a hard battle was fought, and the enemy was driven back to N~ew Hope Chnrch, but, having hastily thrown up some parapets and a stormy, dark night having set in, General Hooker was unable to drive the enemy from these roads. By the next morning we found the enemy well intrenched substantially in front of the road lead- ing from Dallas to Marietta. We were consequently compelled to make dispositions on a larger scale. General McPherson was moved up to Dallas, General Thomas was deployed against New Hope Church, and General Schofield was directed toward our left, so as to strike and turn the enemys right. General Garrards cavalry oper- ated with General McPherson, and General Stoneman with General Schofield. General McCook looked to our rear. Owing to the difficult nature of the ground and dense forests it took us several days to deploy close to the enemy, when I resolved gradually to work toward our left, and when all things were ready to push for the rail- road east of Allatoona. In making our developments before the enemy about New Hope many severe, sharp encounters occurred be- tween parts of the army, details of which will be given a~t length in the reports of subordinate commanders. On the 28th General McPherson was on the point of closing to his left on General Thomas, in front of New Hope Church, to enable me with the rest of the army to extend still more to the left, and to envelop the enemys right, when suddenly the enemy made a bold and daring assault on him at Dallas. Fortunately our men had erected good breast-works, and gave the enemy a terrible, and bloody repulse. After a few days delay for effect, I renewed my orders to General McPherson to move to his left about five miles, and occupy General Thomas ~osition in front of New Hope Church, and Gen- erals Thomas an Schofield were ordered to move a corresponding distance to their left. This move was effected with ease and safety on the 1st of June, and by pushing our left well around we occupied the roads leading back to Allatoona and Acworth, after which I pushed General Stonemans cavalry rapidly into Allatoona, at the east end of the pass, and General Garrards cavalry around by the rear to the west end of the pass. Both of these commands reached the points designated without trouble, and we thereby ac- complished our real purpose of turning the Allatoona Pass. Order- ing the railroad bridge across the Etowah to be at once rebuilt, I continued working by the left, and oi~ the 4th of June had resolved to leave Johnston in his intrenched position ~t New Hope Church Page 67 CHAP. L.J REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE Miss. 67 and move to the railroad about Acworth, when he abandoned his intrenchments, after which we moved readily to Acworth, and reached the railroad on the 6th of June. I at once examined in per- son the Allatoona Pass, and found it admirably adapted to our use as a secondary base, and gave the necessary orders for its defense and garrison, and as soon as the railroad bridge was finished across the Etowah, our stores came forward to our camp by rail. At Acworth General Blair overtook us on the 8th of June with two divisions of the Seventeenth Corps that had been on furlough, and one brigade of cavalry, Colonel Longs, of Garrards division, which had been awaiting horses at Columbia. This accession of force about cornperisated for our losses in battle, and the detachments left at Resaca, Rome, Kingston, and Allatoona. On the 9th of June our communications to the rear being secure and supplies ample, we moved forward to Big Shanty. Kenesaw, the bold and striking twin mountain, lay before us, with a high range of chestnut hills trending off to the northeast, terminating to our view in another peak called Brush Mountain. To our right was a smaller hill, called Pine Mountain, and beyond it in the d is- tance, Lost Mountain. All these, though linked in a continuous chain, present a sharp, conical appearance, prominent in the vast landscape that presents itself from any of the hills that abound in that region. Kenesaw, Pine Mountain, and Lost Mountain form a triangle. Pine Mountain, the allex, and Kenesaw and Lost Moun- tain the base, covering perfectly the town of Marietta, and the rail- road back to the Chattahoochee. On each of these peaks the enemy had his signal station, the summits were crowned with batteries, and the spurs were alive with men busy in felling trees, digging pits, and preparing for the grand struggle impending. The scene was enchanting; too beautiful to be disturbed by the harsh clamor of war; but the Chattahooche lay beyond, and I had to reach it. On approaching close to the enemy, I found him occupying a line full twelve miles long, more than he could hold with his torce. General McPherson was ordered to move toward Marietta, his right on the railroad, General Thomas on Kenesaw and Pine Mountain, and Gen- eral Schofield off toward Lost Mountain; General Garrards cav- alry on the left, and General Stoneman on the right, and General McCook looking to our rear and communications. Our depot was at Big Shanty. By the 11th of June our lines were close up, and we made dispo- sitions to break the line between Kenesaw and Pine Mountains. General Hooker was on its right and front, General Howard on its left and front, and General Palmer between it and the railroad. During a sharp cannonading from General Howards right, or Gen- eral Hookers left, General Polk was killed on the 14th, and on the morning of the 15th Pine Mountain was found abandoned by the enemy. Generals Thomas and Schofield advanced and found him again strongly intrenched along the line of rugged hills connecting Kenesaw and Lost Mountain. At the same time General McPherson advanced his line, gaining substantial advantage on the left. Push- ing our operations on the center as vigorously as the nature of the ground would permit, I had again ordered an assault on the center, when, on the 17th, the enemy abandoned Lost Mountain and the long line of admirable breast-works connecting it with Kenesaw. ~Te continued to press at all points, skirmishing in iense forests of timber and across most difficult ravines, until we fouL I him again Page 68 68 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. strongly posted and intrenched, with Kenesaw as his salient, his right wing thrown back so as to cover Marietta, and his left behind Noyes Creek, covering his railroad back to the Chattahoochee. This enabled him to contract his lines and strengthen them accordingly. From Kenesaw he could look down upon our camps and observe every movement, and his batteries thundered away, but did us but little harm on account of their extreme height, the shot and shell passing harmlessly over our heads, as w~ lay close up against his mountain town. During our operations about Kenesaw the weather was villainously bad, the rain fell almost continually for three weeks, rendering our narrow wooded roads mere ~ud gullies, so that a general movement would have been impossible, but our men daily worked closer and closer to the intrenched foe, and kept up an incessant picket-firing galling to him. Every opportunity was taken to advance our general lines closer and closer to the enemyGeii- eral McPherson watching the enemy on Kenesaw and working his left forward; General Thomas swinging, as it were, on a grand left- wheel, his left on Kenesaw, connecting with General McPherson, and General Schofield all the time working to the south and east, along the Sandtown road. On the 22d, as General Hooker had advanced his line, with Gen- eral Schofield oi his right, the enemy (Hoods corps with detach- ments from the others) suddenly sallied and attacked. The blow fell mostly on General Williams division, of General Hookers corps, and a brigade of General Hascalls division, of General Schofields army. The ground was comparatively open, and although the enemy drove in the skirmish line and an advanced regiment of General Schofield sent out purposely to hold him in check until some prepara- tions could be completed for his reception, yet when he reached our line of battle he received a terrible repulse, leaving his dead, wounded, and many prisoners in our hands. This is known as the affair of the Kolb House. Although inviting the enemy at all times to commit such mistakes, I could not hope for him to repeat them after the example of Dallas and the Kolb House, and upon studying the ground I had no alternative in my turn but to assault his lines or turn his position. Either course had its difficulties and dangers, and I perceived that the enemy and our own officers had settled down into a conviction that I would not assault fortified lines. All looked to me to outflank. An army to be efficient must not settle down to a single mode of offense, but must be prepared to execute any plan which promises suc- cess. I wanted, therefore, for the moral effect to make a successful assault against the enemy behind his breast-works, and resolved to attempt it at that point where success would give the largest fruits of victory. The general point selected was the left center, because if I could thrust a strong head of column through at that point by pushing it boldly and rapidly two and one-half miles, it would reach the railroad below Marietta, cut off the enemys right and center from its line of retreat, and then by turning on either part it could be overwhelmed and destroyed. Therefore, on the 24th of June, I ordered that an assault should be made at two points south of Kene. saw on the 27th, giving three days notice for preparation and recon- naissance, one to be made near Little Kenesaw by General McPher- sons troops, and the other about a mile farther south by General Thomas troops. The hour was fixed and all the details given in. Field Orders, No. 28, of June 24 Page 69 CHAP. L.1 REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 69 On the 27th of June the two assaults were made at the time and in the manner prescribed and both failed, costing us many valuable lives, among them those of Generals Harker and McCook, Colonel Rice and others badly wounded, our aggregate loss being nearly 3,000, while we inflicted comparatively little loss to the enemy, who lay behind his well-formed breast-works. Failure as it was, and for which I assume the entire responsibility, I yet claim it produced good fruits, as it demonstrated to GeneralJohnston that I would as- sault and that boldly. And we also gained and held ground so close to the enemys parapets that he could not show a head above them. It would not do to rest long under the influence of a mistake or fail- ure, and accordingly General Schofield was working strong on the enemys left, and on the 1st of July I ordered General McPherson to be relieved by General Garrards cavalry in front of Kenesaw, and rapidly to throw his whole army by the right down to and threaten Nickajack Creek and Turners Ferry, across the Chattahoochee, and I also pushed General Stonemans cavalry to the river below Tur- ner 5. General McPherson commenced his movement the night of July 2, and the effect was instantaneous. The next morning Kenesaw was abandoned, and with the first dawn of day I saw our skirmishers ap- pear on the mountain top. General Thomas whole line was then moved forward to the railroad and turned south in pursuit toward the Chattahoochee. In person I entered Marietta at 8.30 in the morning, just as the enemys cavalry vacated the place. General Logans corps, of General M cPhersons army, which had not moved far~ was ordered back into Marietta by the main road, and Generals McPher- son and Schofield were instructed to cross Nickajack and attack the enemy in flank and rear, and if possible to catch him in the confu- sipn of crossing the Chattahoochee. But Johnston had foreseen and provided against all this, and had covered his movement well. He had intrenched a strong t~te-de-pont at the Chattahoochee, with an advanced intrenclied line across the road at Smyrna Camp-Meeting Ground, five miles below Marietta. Here General Thomas found him, his front covered by a good parapet and his flanks behind the Nick- ajack an(1 Rottenwood Creeks. Ordering a garrison for Marietta and General Logan to join his own army near the mouth of Nicka.~ jack, I overtook General Thomas at Smyrna. On the 4th of July we pushed a strong skirmish line down the main road, capturing the entire line of the enemys pits, and made strong denionstrations along Nickajack Creek and about Turners Ferry. This had the desired effect, and the next morning the enemy was gone and the army moved to the Chattahoochee, General Thomas left flank resting on it near Paces Ferry, General McPher- son s right at the mouth of Nickajack, a~nd General Schofield in re- serve. The enemy lay behind a line of unusual strength, covering the railroad and pontoon bridges and beyond the Chattahoochee. Heavy skirmishing along our whole front during the 5th demon- strated the strength of the enemys position, which could alone be turned by crossing the main Chattahoochee River, a rapid and deep stream, only passable at that stage by means of bridges, except at one or two very difficult fords To accomplish this resnlt I judged it would be more easy of execution before the enemy had made more thorough preparation or regained fnll confidence, and accordingly. I ordered General Schofield across from his position on the Sand- town road to Smyrna Camp Ground and next to the Chat4ahoochee Page 70 10 TIlE AThANTA CAMPAIGN. (Oui~. L - near the mouth of Soap Creek, and to effect a lodgment on the east bank. This was most successfully and skillfully accomplished on the 7th of July, General Schofield capturing a gun, completely sur- p rising the guard, laying a good pontoon bridge and a trestle bridge, and effecting a strong lodgment on high and commanding ground with good roads leading to the east. At the same time General Garrard moved rapidly on Roswell, and 4estroyed th~ factories which had supplied the rebel armies with eloth for years. Over one of these, the woolen factory, the nominal owner displayed the French flag, which was not respected, of course. A neutral surely is no better than one of our own citizens, and we do not permit our own citizens to fabricate cloth for hostile uses. General Garrard was then ordered to secure the shallow ford at Roswell and hold it until he could be relieved by infantry, and as I contemplated transferring the Army of the Tennessee from the extreme right to the left, I ordered General Thomas to send a divis- ion of his infantry that was nearest up to Roswell to hold the ford until General McPherson could, send up a corps from the neigh- borhood of Nickajack. General Newtons division was sent and held the ford until the arrival of General Dodges corps, which was soon followed by General McPhersons whole army. About the same time General Howard had also built a bridge at Powers Ferry, two miles below. General Schofield had crossed over and taken position on his right. Thus during the 9th we had secured three good and safe points of passage over the Chattahoochee above the enemy, with good roads leading to Atlanta, and Johnston abandoned his t~te-de- pont, burned his bridge, and left us undisputed masters north and west of the Chattahoochee at daylight of the 10th of July. This was one, if not the chief, object of the campaign, viz, the advance- ment of our lines from the Tennessee to the Chattahoochee; but Atlanta lay before us, only eight miles distant, and was too impdr- tant a place in the hands of the enemy to be left undisturbed, with its magazines, stores, arsenals, workshops, foundries, & c., and more especially its railroads, which converged there from the four great cardinal points, but the men had worked hard and needed rest and we accordingly took a short spell. But in anticipation of this con- tingency I had collected a well appointed force of cavalry, about 2,000 strong, at Decatur, Ala., with orders on receiving notice by telegraph to push rapidly south, cross the Coosa at the railroad bridge, or the Ten Islands, and thence by the most direct route to Opelika. There is but one stem of finished railroad connecting the channels of trade and travel between Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, which runs from Montgomery to Opelika, and my purpose was to break it up effectually and thereby cut off Johnstons army from that source of supply and re-enforcements. General Rousseau, com- manding the District of Tennessee, asked permission to command the expedition and received it. As soon as Johnston was well across the Chattahoochee, and as I had begun to maneuver on Atlanta, I gave the requisite notice, and General Rousseau started punctually on the ioth of July. He fulfilled his ordei~ and instructions to the very letter, whipping the rebel General Clanton en route. He passed through Talladega and reached the railroad on the 16th, about twenty- five miles west of Opelika, and broke it well up to that place, also three miles of the branch toward Columbus, and two toward Wes Page 71 C~. L.] 1~EPOI~TS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 71 Point. He then turned north and brought his command safely to Marietta, arriving on the 22d, having sustained a trifling loss, not to exceed 30 men. The main armies remained quiet in their camps on the Chattahoo- chee until the 16th of July, but the time was employed in collecting stores at Allatoona, Marietta, and Vinings Station, strengthening the railroad guards and garrisons, and in improving the pier bridges and roads leading across the river. Generals Stonemans and Mc- # Cooks cavalry had scouted well down the river to draw attention in that direction, and all things being ready for a general advance, I ordered. it to commence on the 17th, General Thomas to cross at Powers and Paces Ferry bridges, and to march by Buck Head. General Schofield was already across at the mouth of Soap Creek, and to march by Cross Keys; and General McPherson to direct his course from Roswell straight against the Augusta road at some point east of Decatur near Stone Mountain. General Garrards cavalry acted with General McPherson, and Generals Stonemaii and McCook watched the river and roads below the railroads. On the 17th the whole army advanced from their camps and formed a general line along the old Peach Tree road. Continuing on a general right-wheel, General McPherson reached the Augusta rail- road on the 18th, at a point seven miles~east of Decatur, and with General Garrards cavalry and General Morgan L. Smiths infantry division, of the Fifteenth Corps, broke up a section of about four miles, and General Schofiel~ reached the town of Decatur. On the 19th General McPherson turned along the railroad into Decatur and General Schofield followed a road toward Atlanta, lead- ing off by Colonel Howards house and the distillery, and General Thomas crossed Peach Tree Creek in force by numerous bridges in the face of the enemys intrenched line; all found the enemy in more or less force and skirmished heavily. On the 20th all the armies had closed in, converging toward Atlanta, but as a gap existed between Generals Schofield and Thomas, two divisions of General Howards corps, of General Thomas army, was moved to the left to connect with General Scho- field, leaving General Newtons division of the same corps on the Buck Head road. During the afternoon of the 20th, about 4 p. in., the enemy sallied from his works in force and fell in line of battle against our right center, composed of General Newtons division, of General Howards corps, on the main Buck Head road, of General Hookers corps, next south, and General Johnsons division, of Gen- eral Palmers corps. The blow was sudden and somewhat unex- pected, but General Newton had hastily covered his front by a line of rail piles, which enabled him to meet and repulse the attack on him. General Hookers whole corps was uncovered and had to fight on comparatively open ground, and it too, after a very severe battle, drove the enemy back to his intrenchments, and the action in front of General Johnson was comparatively light, that division being well intrenched. The enemy left on the field over 500 dead, about 1,000 wounded, 7 stand of colors, and many prisQners. His loss could not have fallen short of 5,000, whereas ours was covered by 1,500 killed, wounded, and missing. The greater loss fell on General Hookers corps from its exposed condition. On the 21st we felt the enemy in his intrenched position, which was found to crown the heights overlooking the comparatively open ground of the valley of Peach Tree Creek, his right beyond th Page 72 TIlE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. CHAP. L. Augusta road to the east, and his left well toward Turners Ferry, on the Chattahoocliee, at a general distance from Atlanta of about four miles. On the morning of the 22d somewhat to my surprise this whole line was found abandoned; and I confess I thought the enemy had resolved to give us Atlanta without further contest, but General Johnston had been relieved of his command and General Hood substituted. A new policy seemed resolved on, of which the bold attack on our right was the index. Our advancing ranks swept across the strong and well-finished parapets of the enemy and closed in upon Atlanta until we occupied a line in the form of a general circle of about two miles radius, when we again found him oc~upying in force a line of finished redoubts which had been prepared for more than a year, covering all the roads leading into Atlanta, and we found him also busy in connecting those redoubts with curtains, strengthened by rifle-trench abatis and chevaux-de-frise. General McPherson, who had advanced from Decatur, continued to follow substantially the railroad, with the Fifteenth Corps, General Logan; the Seventeenth, General Blair, on its left; and the Six- teenth, General Dodge, on its right, but as the general advance of all the armies contracted the circle, the Sixteenth Corps, General Dodge, was thrown out of line by the Fifteenth connecting on its right with General Schofield, near the Howard house. General McPherson the night before had gained a high hill to the south and east of the railroad, where the Seventeenth Corp~ had, after a severe fight, driven the enemy, and it gave him a most commanding position within easy view of the very heart of the city. He had thrown out working parties to it and was making preparations to occupy it in strength with batteries. The Sixteenth or s, General Dodges, was ordered from right to left to occupy this position and make it a strong general left flank. General Dodge was moving by a diago- nal path or wagon track leading from the Decatur road in the direc- tion of General Blairs left flank. About 10 a. m. I was in person, with General Schofield, examining the appearance of the enemys line opposite the distillery, where we attracted enough of the enemys fire of artillery and musketry to satisfy me the enemy was in Atlanta in force and meant to fight, and had gone to a large dwell- ing close by, known as the Howard house, where General McPher- son joined me. He described the condition of things on his flank and the disposition of his troops. I explained to him that if we met seriotfs resistance in Atlanta, as present appearances indicated, instead of operating against it by the left, I would extend to tke right, and that I did not want him to gain much distance to th~ left. He then described the hill occupied by General Leggetts division, of General Blairs corps, as essential to the occupation of any ground to the east and south of the Augusta railroad on account of its commanding nature. I therefore ratified his disposition of troops, and modified a previous order I had sent him in writing to use Gen- eral Dodges corps, thrown somewhat in reserve by the closing up of our line, to break up railroad, and I sanctioned its going, as already ordered by General NicPherson, to his left, to hold and fortify that position. The general remained with me until near noon, when some reports- reaching us that indicated a movement of the enemy on that flank, he mounted and rode away with his staff. I must here also state that the day before I had detached General Garrards cavalry to go to Covington, on the Augusta road, forty-two miles east of Atlanta, and from that point to send detachments t Page 73 CHAP L.1 REPORTS, ETC. MIL. DIV. OF TILE MISS. break the two important bridges across the Yellow and Ulcofauha- chee Rivers, tributaries of the Ocmulgee, and General McPherson had also left his wagon train, at Decatur, under a guard of three regi- ments, commanded by Colonel (now General) Sprague. Soon after General McPherson had left me at the Howard house, as before de- scribed, I heard the sound of musketry to our left rear, at first mere pattering shots, but soon they grew in volume, accompanied with ar- tillery, and about the same time the sound of guns was heard in the direction of Decatur. No doubt could longQr be entertained of the enemy~s plan of action, which was to throw a superior force on our left flank while he held us with his forts in front, the only ques- tion being as to the amount of force he could employ at that point. I hastily transmitted orders to all points of our center and right to press forward and give full employment to all the enemy in his lines, and for General Schofield to hold as large a force in reserve as pos- sible, awaiting developments. Not more than half an hour after General McPherson had left me, viz, about 12.30 of the 22d, his adjutant-general, Lieutenant-Colonel Clark, rode up and reported that General McPherson was either dead or a prisoner; that he had ridden from me to General Dodges column, moving as heretofore described, and had sent off nearly all his staff and orderlies on various errands and himself had passed into a narrow path or road that led to the left and rear of General Giles A. Smiths division, which was General Blairs extreme left; that a few minutes after he had entered the woods a sharp volley was heard in that direction, and his horse had come out riderless, having two wounds. The suddenness of this terrible calamity would have overwhelmed me with grief, but the living demanded my whole thoughts. I instantly dispatched a staff officer to Gen- eral John A. Logan, commanding the Fifteenth corps, to tell him what had happened; that he must assume command of the Army of the Tennessee, and hold stubbornly the ground already chosen, more especially the hill gained by General Leggett the night before. Already the whole line was engaged in battle. Hardees corps had sallied from Atlanta, and by a wide circuit to the east had struck General Blairs left flank, enveloped it, and his left had swung around until it hit General Dodge in motion. General Blairs hue was substantially along the old line of rebel trench, but it was fash- ioned to fight outward. A space of wooded ground of near half a mile intervened between the head of General Dodges column and General Blairs line, through which the enemy had poured, but the last order ever given by General McPherson was to hurry a brigade (Colonel Wangehins) of the Fifteenth Corps across from the rail- road to occupy this gap. It came across on the double-quick and checked the enemy. While Hardee attacked in flank, Stewarts corps was to attack in front directly out from the main works, but fortunately their attacks were not simultaneous. The enemy swept across the hill which our men were then fortifying, and captured the pioneer company, its tools, and almost the entire working party, and bore down on our left until he encountered General Giles A. Smiths division, of the Seventeenth Corps, who was somewhat in air and forced to fight first from one side of the old rifle parapets and then from the other, gradually withdrawing regiment by regi- ment so as to form a flank to General Leggetts division, which held the apex of the hill, which was the only point deemed essen- tial to our future plans. General Dodge had. caught and held wel Page 74 TIlE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CRAP. L. in check the enemys right, and punished him severely, capturing many prisoners. General Giles A. Smith had gradually given up the extremity of his line and formed a new one, whose right con- nected with General Leggett and his left refused, facing southeast. On this ground and in this order the men fought well and desper- ately for near four hours, checking and repulsing all the enemys attacks. The execution on the enemys ranks at the angle was terri- ble, and great credit is due both Generals Leggett and Giles A. Smith and their men for their hard and stubborn fighting. The enemy made no farther progress on that flank, and by 4p. m. had almost given up the attempt. In the mean time Wheelers cavalry, unopposed (for General Gar- rard was absent at Covington by my order), had reached Decatur and attempted to capture the wagon trains, but Colonel (now Gen- eral) Sprague covered them with great skill and success, sending them to the rear of Generals Schofield and Thomas, and not draw- ing back from Decatur until every wagon was safe, except three, which the teamsters had left, carrying off the mules. On our ex- treme left the enemy had taken a complete battery of 6 guns with its horses (Murrays) of the regular army as it was moving along unsupported and unapprehensive of danger in a narrow wooded road in that unguarded space between the head of General Dodges col- umn and the line of ~battle on the ridge above, but most of the men escaped to the bushes; he also got 2 other guns on the extreme left flank that were left on the ground as General Giles A. Smith drew off his men in the manner heretofore described. About 4 p. m. there was quite a lull, during which the enemy felt forward on the railroad and main Decatur road, and suddenly as- sailed a regiment which, with a section of guns, had been thrown forward as a kind of picket, and captured the 2 guns. He then ad- vanced rapidly and broke through our lines at this point, which had been materially weakened by the withdrawal of Colonel Mar- tins brigade sent by General Logans order to the extreme left. The other brigade, General Lightburns, which held this part of the line, fell back in some disorder about 400 yards to a position held by it the night before, leaving the enemy for a time in possession of two batteries, one of which, a 20-pounder Parrott battery of four guns, was most valuable to us, and separating General Woods and General Harrows divisions, of the Fifteenth Corps, that were on the right and left of the railroad.. Being in person close by the spot, and appreciating the vast importance of the connection at that point, I ordered certain batteries of General Schofields to be moved to a position somewhat commanding it by a left-flank fire, and ordered an incessant fire of shells on the enemy within sight and the woods beyond to prevent his re-enforcing. I also sent orders to General Logan, which lie had already anticipated, to make the Fif- teenth Corps regain its lost ground at any cost, and instructed Gen- eral Woods, supported by General Schofield, to use his division and sweep the parapet down from where he held it until he saved the batteries and regained the lost ground. The whole was executed in superb style, at times our men and the enemy fighting across the narrow parapet; but at last the enemy gave way, and the Fifteenth Corps regained its position and all the guns, excepting the two ad- vanced ones, which were out of view and had been removed, by the enemy within his main works Page 75 CHAP. LI 1d~POflTS, ETC.MIL. 1AV. OF THE MISS. 75 With this terminated the battle of the 22d, which cost us 3,722 killed, wounded, and prisoners. But among the dead was Major- General McPherson, whose body was recovered and brought to me in the heat of battle, and I had sent it in charge of his personal staff back to Marietta on its way to his Northern home. He was a noble youth, of striking personal appea~ance, of the highest professional capacity, and with a heart abounding in kindness that drew to him the affections of all men. His sudden death devolved the command of the Army of the Tennessee on the no less brave and gallant Gen- eral Logan, who nobly sustained his reputation and that of his vet- eran army and avenged the death of his comrade and commander. The enemy left on the field his dead and wounded and about a thousand well prisoners. His dead alone are computed by General Logan at 3,240, of which number 2,200 were from actual count, and of these he delivered to the enemy under flag of truce sent in by him (the enemy) 800 bodies. I entertain no doubt that in the battle of July 22 the enemy sustained an aggregate loss of full 8,000 men. The next day General Garrard returned from Covington, having succeeded perfectly in his mission, and destroyed the bridge at Ulcofauhachee and Yellow Rivers, besides burning a train of cars, a large quantity of cotton (2,000 bales), and the depot of stores at Coy- ington and Conyers Station, and bringing in 200 prisoners and some good horses, losing but two men, one of whom was killed by acci- dent. Having, therefore, sufficiently crippled the Augusta road, and rendered it useless to the enemy, I then addressed myself to the task of reaching the Macon road, over which of necessity came the stores and ammunition that alone maintained the rebel army in Atlanta. Generals Schofield and Thomas had closed well up, hold- ing the enemy behind his inner intrenchments. I first ordered the Army of the Tennessee to prepare to vacate its line, and to shift by the right below Proctors Creek, and General Schofield to extend up to the Augusta road. About the same time General Rousseau had arrived from his expedition to Opelika, bringing me about 2,000 good cavalry, but, of course, fatigued with its long and rapid march, and ordering it to relieve General Stoneman at the river about Sandtown, I shifted General Stoneman to our left flank, and ordered all my cavalry to prepare for a blow at the Macon road simultaneous with the movement of the Army of the Tennessee toward East Point. To accomplish this I gave General Stoneman the command of his own and General Garrards cavalry, making an effective force of full 5,000 men, and to General McCook I gave his own and the new cavalry brought by General Rousseau, which was commanded by Colonel Harrison, of the Eighth Indiana Cav- alry, in the aggregate about 4,000. These two well appointed bodies were to move in concert, the former by the left around Atlanta to McDonough, and the latter by theright on Fayetteville, and on a certain night, viz, July 28, they were to meet on the Macon road near Lovejoys and destroy it in the most effectual manner. I esti- mated this joint cavalry could whip all of Wheelers cavalry, and could otherwise accomplish its task, and I think so still. I had the officers in command to meet me, and explained the movement per- fectly, and they entertained not a doubt of perfect success. At the very moment almost of starting General Stoneman addressed me a note asking permission, after fulfilling his orders and breaking the road, to be a lowed with his command proper to proceed to Macon and Andersonville and release our prisoners of war confined at thos Page 76 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. points. There was something most captivating in the idea, and the execution was within the bouiids of probability of success. I con- sented that after the defeat of Wheelers cavalry, which was em- braced in his orders, and breaking the road he might attempt it with his cavalry proper, sending that of General Garrard back to its proper flank of the army. Both cavalry expeditions started at the time appointed. I have as yet no report from General Stoneman, who is a prisoner of war at Macon, but I know he dispatched General Garrards cavalry to Flat Rock for the purpose of covering his own movement to McDon- ough, but for some reason unknown to me he went off toward Coy- ington and did not again communicate with General Garrard at Flat Rock. General Garrard remained there until the 29th, skirmishing heavily with a part of Wheelers cavalry and occupying their atten- tion, but hearing nothing from General Stoneman he moved back to Conyers, where, learning that ~3feneral Stoneman had gone to Coy- ington and south on the east side of the Ocmulgee, he returned and resumed his position on our left. It is known that General Stone- man kept to the east of the Ocmulgee to Clinton, sending detach- ments off to the east, which did a large amount of damage to the railroad, burning the bridges of Walnut Creek and Oconee, and de- stroying a large number of cars and locomotives, and with his main force appeared before Macon. He did not succeed in crossing the Ocinulgee at Macon, nor in approaching Andersonville, but retired in the direction from whence he came, followed by various detach- ments of mounted men under a General Iverson .H e seems to have become hemmed in, and gave consent to two-thirds of his force to escape back, while he held the enemy in check with the remainder, about 700 men and a section of light guns. One brigade, Colonel Adams, came in almost intact; another, commanded by Colonel Capron, was surprised on the way back and scattered. Many were captured and killed, and the a ance got in mostly unarmed and afoot, and the general himself surrendered his small command and is now a prisoner in Macon. His mistake was in not making the first concentration with Generals McCook and Garrard near Love- joys, according to his orders, which is yet unexplained. General McCook in the execution of his part went down the west branch of the Chattahoochee to near Rivertown, where he laid a pontoon bridge with which he was provided, crossed his command and moved rapidly on Palmetto Station of the West Point Railroad, where he tore up a section of track, leaving a regiment to create a diversion toward Campbellton, which regiment fulfilled its duty and returned to camp by way of and escorting back the pontoon bridge train. General McCook then rapidly moved to Fayetteville,. where -he found a large numb~r of the wagons belonging to the rebel army in Atlanta. These he burned to the number of about 500, killing 800 mules and carrying along others, and taking 250 prisoners, mostly quartermasters and men belonging to the trains. lie then pushed for the railroad, reaching it at Lovejoys Station at the time appointed. He burned the depot, tore up a section of the road, and continued to work until forced to leave off to defend himself against an accumulating force of the enemy. He could hear nothing of General Stoneman, and finding his progress east too strongly opposed he moved south and west and reached Newnan, on the West Point road, where he encountered an infantry force coming from Mississippi to Atlanta, which had been stopped by th Page 77 caip. L.] REPORI~S, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 77 break he had made at Palmetto. This force with the pursuing cav- alry hemmed him in and forced him to fight. He was compelled to drop his prisoners and captures, and cut his way out, losing some 500 officers and men, among them a most valuable officer, Colonel Harrison, who, when fighting his men as skirmishers on foot, was overcome and made prisoner, and is now at Macon. He cut his way out, reached the Chattahoochee, crossed, and got to Marietta without further loss. General McCook is entitled to much credit for thus saving his command, which was endangered by the failure of General Stoneman to reach Lovejoys. But on the whole the cavalry raid is not deemed a success, for the real purpose was to~break the enemys communications, which though done was on so limited a scale that I knew the damage would soon be repaired. Pursuant to the general plan, the Army of the Tennessee drew out of its lines near the Decatur road during the night of July 26, and on the 27th moved behind the rest of the army to Proctors Creek and south to prolong our line due south and facing east. On that day, by appointment of the President of the United States, Major- General Howard assumed command of the Army of the Tennessee and had the general supervision of the movement, which was made en echelon, General Dodges corps (Sixteenth) on the left nearest the enemy, General Blairs corps (Seventeenth) next to come up on its right, and General Logans corps (Fifteenth) to come up on its right and refused as a flank, the whole to gain as much ground due south from the flank already established on Proctors Creek as was con- sistent with a.proper strength. General Dodges men got into line in the evening of the 27th, and General Blairs came into line on his right early in the morning of the 28th, his right reaching an old meeting-house called Ezra Church near some large open fields by the poor-house on a road known as the Bells Ferry road or Lick Skillet road. Here the Fifteenth Corps (General Logans) joined on and refused along a ridge well wooded, which partially commanded a view over the same fields. About 10 a. m. all the army was in posi- tion and the men were busy in throwing up the accustomed pile of rails and logs, which after a while assumed the form of a parapet. The skill and rapidity with which our men construct these is won- derful and is something new in the art of war. I rode along this whole line about that time, and as I approached Ezra Church there was considerable artillery firing, enfilading the road in which I was riding, killing an orderlys horse just behind my staff. I struck across an open field to where General Howard was standing in rear of the Fifteenth Corps and walked up to the ridge with General Morgan L. Smith to see if the battery which enfiladed the maui road and rail piles could not be disposed of, and heard General Smith give the necessary orders for the deployment of one regiment for- ward and another to make a circuit to the right, when I returned to where General Howard was, and remained there until 12 oclock. During this time there was nothing to indicate serious battle save the shelling by one or at most two batteries from beyond the large field in front of the Fifteenth Corps. Wishing to be well prepared to defeat the enemy if he repeated his game of the 22d, I had the night before ordered General Davis division, of General Palmers corps, which by the movement of the Army of the Tennessee had been left as it were in reserve, to move down to Turners Ferry and thence toward White Hall or East Point, aiming to reach the flank of General Howards new line Page 78 78 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHar. L. Hoping that in case of an attack this division would in turn catch the attacking force in flank or rear at an unexpected moment, I ex- plained it to General Howard and bade him to expect the arrival of such a force in case of battle. Indeed, I expected to hear the fire of its skirmishers by noon. General Davis was sick that day, and Brigadier-General Morgan commanded the division whi cli had marched early for Turners Ferry, but many of the roads laid down o~ our maps did not exist at all, and General Morgan was delayed thereby. I rode back to make more particular inquiries as to this division, and had just reached General Davis headquarters at Proc- tors Cre.k when I heard musketry open heavily on the right. The enemy had come out of Atlanta by the Bells Ferry road and formed his masses in the open fields behind a swell of ground, and after the artillery firing I have described advanced in parallel lines directly against the Fifteenth Corps, expecting to catch that flank in air.~, His advance was magnificent, but founded on an error that cost him sadly, for our men coolly and deliberately cut down his men, and, in spite of the efforts of the rebel officers, h~s ranks broke and fled. But they were rallied again and again, as often as six times at some points, and a few of the rebel officers and men reached our line of rail piles only to be killed or hauled over as prisoners. These as- saults occurred from noon until about 4 p. in., when the enemy dis- appeared, leaving his dead and wounded in our hands. As many as 642 dead were counted and buried, and still others are known to have been buried which were not counted by the regularly detailed burial parties. General Logan on this occasion was conspicuous as on the 22d, his corps being chiefly engaged, but General Howard had drawn from the other corps (Sixteenth and Seventeenth) certain reserves, which were near at hand but not used. Our entire loss is reported at less than 600, whereas that of the enemy was in killed and wounded not less than 5,000. Had General Davis division come up on the Bells Ferry road as I calculated at any time before 4 oclock, what was simply a com- plete repulse would have been a disastrous rout to the enemy, but I cannot attribute the failure to want of energy or intelligence, and must ~harge it, like many other things in the campaign, to tjie pe- culiar, tangled nature of the forests and absence of roads that would admit the rapid movement of troops. This affair terminated all efforts of the enemy to check our exten- sions by the flank, which afterward proceeded with comparative ease, but he met our extensions to the south by rapid and well con- structed forts and rifle-pits built between us and t railroad to and below East Point, remaining perfectly on the defensive. Finding that the right flank of the Army of the Tennessee did not reach, I was forced to shift General Schofield to that flank also, and after- ward General Palmers corps, of General Thomas army. General Schofield moved from the left on the 1st of August, and General Palmers corps followed at once, taking a line below Utoy Creek, and General Schofield prolonged it to a point near East Point. The enemy made no offensive opposition, but watched our movement and extended his lines and parapets accordingly. About this time several changes in important commands occurred which should be noted. General Hooker, offended that General Howard was preferred to him as the successor of General McPherson, resigned his command of the Twentieth Corps, to which General Slocum was appointed; but he was at Vicksburg, and until he joine Page 79 OHM. LI REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 79 the command of the corps devolvea upon General A. S. Williams, who handled it admirably. General Palmer also resigned the com- mand of the Fourteenth Corps, and General Jeff. C. Davis was app3inted to his place. Maj. Gen. D. S. Stanley had succeeded General Howard in the command of the Fourth Corps. From the 2d to the 5th we continued to extend to the right, demon- strating strongly on the left and along our whole line. General Reillys brigade, of General Coxs division, General Schofields army, on the 5th tried to break through the enemys line about a mile below Utoy Creek, but failed to carry the position, losing about 400 men, who were caught in the entanglements and abatis, but the next day the position was turned by General Hascall, and General Schofield advanced his whole line close up to and facing the enemy below Utoy Creek. Still he did not gain the desired foothold on either the West Point or Macon road. The enemys line at that time must have been near fifteen miles long, extending from near Decatur to below East Point. This he was enabled to do by use of a large force of State militia, and his position was so masked by the shape of the g round that we were unable to discover the weak parts. JhadbecomesatisfiedthattoreachtheMacon road and thereby control the supplies for Atlanta, I ~XTOUjd have to move the whole army, but before beginning I ordered do~vn from Chattanooga four 4k-inch rifled guns to try their effect. These arrived on the 10th and were put to work night and day and did execution on the city, caus- ing frequent fires and creating confusion. Yet the enemy seemed determined to hold his forts even if the city was destroyed. On the 16th of August I made my Orders, No. 57, prescribing the mode and manner of executing the grand movement by the right flank to begin on the 18th. This movement contemplated the with- drawal of the Twentieth Corps, General Williams, to the intrenched position at the Chattahoochee bridge and the march of the main army to the West Point Railroad. near Fairburn, and afterward to the Macon road, at or near Jonesborough, with our wagons loaded with provisions for fifteen days. About the time of the publication of these orders, I learned that Wheeler, with a large mounted force of the enemy, variously estimated from 6,000 to 10,000 men, had passed roundby the east and north and had made his appearance on our line of communication near Adairsville, and had succeeded in capturing 900 of our, beef-cattle, and had made a break of the railroad near Calhoun. I could not have asked for anything better, for I had provided well against such a contingency, and this detach- ment left me superior to the enemy in cavalry. I suspended the exe- cution of my orders for the time being and ordered General Kil- patrick to makeup a well appointed force of about 5,000 cavalry, and to move from his camp about Sandtown during the night of the 18th to the West Point road and break it good near Fairburn, then to proceed across to the Macon road and tear it up thoroughly, but to avoid as far as possible the enemys infantry, but to attack any cav- alry he could find. I thought this cavalry would save the hecessity of moving the main army across, and that in case of his success it would leave me in better position to take full advantage of the result. General Kilpatrick got off at the time appointed and broke the West Point road and afterward reached the Macon road at Jonesborough, where he whipped Ross cavalry and got possession of the railroad, which he held for five hours, damaging it considera- bly, but a brigade of the enemys infantry, which had been dispatche Page 80 80 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. below Jonesborough in cars, Was run back and disembarked, and with Jacksons rebel cavalry made it impossible for him to continue his work. He drew off to the east and made a circuit and struck the railroad about Lovejoys Station, but was again threatened by the enemy, who moved on shorter lines, when he charged through their cavalry, taking many prisoners, of which he brought in 70, and captured a 4-gun battery, which he destroyed, except one gun, which he brought in. He estimated the damage done to the road as enough to interrupt its use for ten days, after which he returned by a cir- cuit north and east, reaching Decatur on the 22d. After an interview with General Kilpatrick I was satisfied that whatever damage he had done would not produce the result desired, and I renewed my orders for the movement of the whole army. This involved the necessity of raising the siege of Atlanta, taking the field with our main force and using it against the communications of Atlanta instead of against its intrenchments. All the army com- manders were at once notified to send their surplus wagons, incum- brances of all kinds, and sick back to our intrenched position at the bridge, and that the movement would begin during the night of the 25th. Accordingly, all things being ready, the Fourth Corps (Gen- eral Stanley) drew out of its lines on our extreme left and marched to a position below ProctoTs Creek. The Twentieth Corps (General Williams) moved back to the Chattahoochee. This movement was made without loss, save a few things left in our camps by thought- less officers and men. The night of the 26th the movement con- tinued, the Army of the Tennessee drawing out and moving rapidly by a circuit well toward Sandtown and across Camp Creek; the Army of the Cumberland, below Utoy Creek, General Schofield, remain- ing in position. This was effected with the loss of but a single man in the Army of the Tennessee, wounded by a shell from the enemy. The third move brought the Army of Hire Tennessee on the West Point railroad above Fairburn, the Army of the Cumberland about Red Oak, and General Schofield close in near Diggs and Miinms. I then ordered one days work to be expended in destroying that road, and it was done wiih a will. Twelve and one-half miles were destroyed, the ties burned, and the iron rails heated and twisted by the utmost ingenuity of old hands at the work. Several cuts were filled up with the trunks of trees, logs, rocks, and earth, intermingled with loaded shells prepared as torpedoes to explode in case of an at- tempt to clear them out. Having personally inspected this work and satisfied with its exe- cution, I oAered the whole army to move the next day eastward by several roads, General Howard on the right toward Jonesborough, General Thomas the center by Shoal Creek Church to Couchs, on the Decatur and Fayetteville road, and General Schofield on the left, about Morrows Mills. An inspection of the map will show the strategic advantage of this position. The railroad from Atlanta to Macon follows substantially the ridge, or divide between the waters of Flint and Ocmulgee Rivers, and from East Point to Jonesborough makes a wide bend to the east. Therefore the position 1 have die- scribed, which had been well studied on paper, was my first objective. It gave me interior lines, something our enem a enjoyed too long, and I was anxious foi~ once to get the inside track and there- fore my haste and desire to secure it. The several columns moved punctually on the morning of the 29th; General Thonias, on the center, encountered little oppositiofr or difficulty save what resulte Page 81 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 81 from narrow roads, and reached his position at Couchs early in the afternoon. General Schofield being closer to the enemy, who still clung to East Point, moved cautiously on a small circle around that point and came into position toward Rough and Ready, and General Howard, having the outer circle, had a greater distance to move. He encountered cavalry, which he drove rapidly to the crossing of Shoal Creek, where the enemy also had artillery. Here a short delay occurred and some cannonading and skirmishing, but General How- ard started them again and kept them moving, passed the Renfroe place, on the Decatur road, which was the point indicated for him in the orders of that day, but he wisely and well kept on and pushed on toward Jonesborough, saved the bridge across Flint River, and did not halt until darkness compelled him, within half a mile of Jonesborough. Here he rested for the night and in the morning of August 31, finding himself in the presence of a heavy force of the enemy, he deployed the Fifteenth Corps and disposed the Sixteenth and Seventeenth on its flanks. The men covered their front with the usual parapets and soon prepared to act offensively or defensively as the case called for. I was that night with General Thomas at Couchs, and as soon as I learned that General Howard had passed Renfroes, I directed General Thomas to send to that place a division of General Jeff. C. Davis corps, to move General Stanleys corps in connection with General Schofield toward Rough and Ready, and then to send forward due east a strong detachment of General Dav~is corps to feel for the railroad. General Schofield was also ordered to move boldly forward and strike the railroad near Rough and Ready. These movements were progressing during the 31st, when the enemy came out of his works at Jonesborough and attacked General Howard in position. as described. General Howard was admirably situated to receive him and repulsed the attack thoroughly. The enemy attacked with Lees and Hardees corps, and after a contest of over two h6urs withdrew, leaving over 400 dead on the ground, and his wounded, of which about 300 were left in J onesborough, could not have been much less than 2,500. Hearing the sounds of battle at Jonesborough about noon, orders were renewed to push the other movements on the left and center, and about 4 p. m. the reports arrived simultaneously that General Howard had thoroughly re- pulsed the enemy at Jonesborough; that General Schofield had reached the railroad a mile below Rough and Ready and was work- ing up the road, bfeaking it as he went; that General Stanley, of General Thomas army, had also got the road below General Scho- field and was destroying it, working south, and that General Baird, of General Davis corps, had struck it still lower down within four miles of Jonesborough. Orders were at once given for all the army to turn on Jonesborough, General Howard to keep the enemy busy while General Thomas should move down from the north, with General Schofield on his left. I also ordered the troops as they moved dQwn to continue the thorough destruction of the railroad, because we had it then, and I did not know but that events might divert our attention. General Garrards cavalry was directed to watch the roads to our rear and north. General Kilpatrick was sent south, down the west bank of the Flint, with instructions to attack or threaten the railroad below Jonesborough. I expected the whole army would close down on Jonesborough by noon of the 1st of Sep- 6 R RvOL xxxviii, PT Page 82 82 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca.hi.. L. tember. General Davis corps having tlie shorter distance to travel was on time and deployed facing south, his right iii connection with General Howard and his left on the railroad. General Stanley and General Schofield were coming down along the Rough and Ready road and along the railroad, breaking it as they came. When Gen- eral Davis joined to General Howard, General Blair corps~ on Gen- eral Howards left, was thrown in reserve, and was immediately sent well to the right below Jonesborough to act against that flank, along with General Kilpatricks cavalry. About 4 p. m. General Davis was all ready and assaulted the enemys lines across open fields, carrying them very handsomely and taking as prisoners the greater p art of Govans brigade, including its commander, with two 4-gun batteries. Repeated orders were sent to Generals Stanley and Schofield to hurry up, but the difficult nature of the country and the absence of roads are the reasons assigned why these troops did not get well into position for attack before night rendered further operations impos- sible. Of course the next morning the enemy was gone and ~ad retreated south. About 2 oclock that night the sounds of heavy explosions were heard in the direction of Atlanta, distant about twenty miles, with a succession of minor explosions and what seemed like the rapid fir- ing of cannon and musketry. These continued about an hour, and again about 4 a. m. occurred, another series of similar discharges apparently nearer us, and these sounds could be accounted for on no other hypothesis than of a night attack on Atlanta by General Sb- cum or the blowing up of the enemys magazines. Nevertheless at daybreak, on finding the enemy gone from his lines at Jonesborough, I ordered a general pursuit south, General Thomas following to the left of the railroad; General Howard on its right, and General Scho- field keeping off about two miles to the east. We overtook the enemy again near Lovejoys Station in a strong intrenched position. with his flanks well protected behind a branch of Walnut Creek to the right and a confluent of the Flint River to his left. We pushed close up and reconnoitered the ground and found he had evidently halted to cover- his communication with the McDonough and Fayetteville road. Rumors began to arrive, through prisoners captured, that Atlanta had been abandoned during the night of September 1; that Hood had blown np his ammunition trains, which accounted for the sounds so plainly heard by us, and which were ye~ unexplained; that Stewarts corps was then retreating toward McDonough, and that the militia had gone off toward Covington. It was then too late to interpose and prevent their escape, and I was satisfied with the sub- stantial success already gained. Accordingly I ordered the work of destroying the railroad to cease and the troops to be held in hand ready for any movement that further information from Atlanta might warrant. General Jeff. C. Davis corps had been left above Jonesborough, and General Garrards cavalry was still farther back, and the latter was ordered to send back to Atlanta and ascertain the exact truth and the real situation of affairs. But the same night, viz, September 4, a courier arrived from General Slocum reporting the fact that the enemy had evacuated Atlanta; blown up seven trains of cars, and had retreated on the McDonough road. General Slocum had entered and taken possession on the 2d of September. The object of my move Page 83 CHAP. LI REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 83 ment against the railroad was therefore already reached and con- cluded, and as it was idle to pursue our enemy in that wooded coun- try with a view to his capture, I gave orders on the 4th for the army to prepare to move back slowly to Atlanta. On the 5th we dreV~r back to the vicinity of Jonesborough, five miles, where we re- mained a day. On the 7th we moved to Rough and Ready, seven miles, and the next day to the camps selected, viz, the Army of the Cumberland grouped around about Atlanta, the Army of the Ten- nessee about East Point, and that of the Ohio at Decatur, where the men now occupy clean and healthy camps. I have not yet received full or satisfactory accounts of Wheelers operations to our rear, further than that he broke the road about Calhoun and then made his appearance at Dalton, where Colonel Laiboldt held him in check until General Steedman arrived from Chattanooga and drove him off. He then passed up into East Tennessee and made quite a stay at Athens, but on the first show of pursuit he kept on north across the Little Tennessee, and cross- ing the Holston near Strawberry Plains, reached the Clinch near Clinton, and passed over toward Sequatchie and McMinnville. Thence he seems to have gone to Murfreesborough and Lebanon, and across to Franklin. He may have committed damage to the prop- erty of citizens, but has injured us but little, the railroads be- ing repaired about as fast as lie broke them. From Franklin he has been pursued toward Florence and out of the State by Generals Rousseau, Steedman, and Granger, but what amount of execution they have done to him has not been reported. Our roads and telegraph are all repaired, and the cars run with regularity and speed. It is proper to remark in this place that during the operations of this campaign expeditions were sent out from Memphis and Vicks- burg to check any movements of the enemys forces in Mississippi upon our communications. The manner in which this object was accomplished reflects credit upon Generals A. J. Smith, Wash- burn~Slocum, and Mower, and although General Sturgis expedi- tion was less successful than the others, it assisted in the main object to be accomplished. I must bear full and liberal testimony to the energetic and suc- cessful management of our railroads during the campaign. No matter when or where a break has been made, the repair train seemed on the spot, and the damage was repaired generally before I knew of the break. Bridges have been built with surprising rapid- ity, and the locomotive whistle was heard in our advanced camps almost before the echo of the skirmish fire had ceased. Some of these bridges--those of the Oostenaula, the Etowah, and Chatta- hoocheeare fine substantial structures. and were built in an in- conceivably short time, almost out of material improvised on the spot. Col. W. W. Wright, who has charge of the construction and re- pairs, is not only a most skillful, but a wonderfully ingenious, indus- trious, and zealous officer, and I can hardly do him justice. In like manner the officers charged with running the trains have succeeded to my entire satisfaction, and have worked in perfect harmony with the quartermasters and commissaries, bringing forward abundant supplies with such regularity that at no one time have we wanted for provisions. forage, ammunition, or stores of any essential kind Page 84 84 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Col. L. C. Easton, chief quartermaster, and Col. A. Beckwith, chief commissary, have also succeeded in a manner surprising to all of us in getting forward supplies. I doubt if ever an army was bet- ter supplied than this, and I commend them most highly for it, because I know that more solicitude was felt by the lieutenant- general commanding, and by the military world at large, on this than any other one problem involved in the success of the campaign. Capt. T. G. Baylor, chief ordnance officer, has in like manner kept the army supplied at all times with every kind of ammunition. To Capt. & . M. Poe, chief engineer, I am more than ordinarily indebted for keeping me supplied with maps and information of roads and topography, as well as in the more important branch of his duties in selecting lines and military positions. My own personal staff has been small, but select. Brig. Gen. W. F. Barry, an officer of enlarged capacity and great experience, has filled the office of chief of artillery to perfection, and Lient. Col. E. D. Kittoe, chief medical inspector, has done everything possible to give proper aid and direction to the operations yf that important department. I have never seen the wounded removed from the fields of battle, cared for, and afterward sent to proper hospitals in the rear, with more promptness, system, care, and success than during this whole campaign, covering over 100 days of actual battle and skirmish. My aides-de-camp, Maj. J. C. McCoy, Capt. L. M. Dayton, and Capt. J. C. Audenrie d,h ave been ever zealous and most efficient, carrying my orders day and night to distant parts of our extended lines with an intelligence and zeal that insured the proper working of machinery covering from ten to twenty-five miles of ground, when the least error in the delivery and explanation of an order would have produced confusion; whereas, in a great measure, owing to the intelligence of these officers, orders have been made so clear that these vast armies have moved side by side, sometimes crossing each others tracks, through a difficult country of over 138 miles in length, without confusion or trouble. Captain Dayton has also filled the duties Qf my adjutant-general, making all orders and carrying on the official correspondence. Three inspectors-general completed my staff: Brig. Gen. J. M. Corse, who has since been assigned the command of a division of the Sixteenth Corps at the request of Gen- eral Dodge; Lieiit. Col. W. Warner, of the Seventy-sixth Ohio, and Lieut. Col. Charles Ewing, inspector-general of the Fifteenth Corps and captain Thirteenth U. S. Regulars. These officers, of singular energy and intelligence, have been of immense -assistance to me in handling these large armies. My three armies in the field were commanded by able officers, my equals in rank and experienceMaj. Gen. George H. Thomas, Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, and Maj. Gen. 0. 0. Howard. With such commanders, I had only to indicate the object desired and they accomplished it. I cannot overestimate their services to the country, and must express my deep and heartfelt thanks that coming together from different fields, with different interests, they have co-operated with a harmony that has been productive of the greatest amount of success and good feeling. A more harmonious army does not exist. I now inclose their reports and those of the corps, division, and brigade commanders, a perusal of which will fill up the sketch which I have endeavored to make. I also submit tabular statements of our losses in battle by wounds an(l sickness; also list of prisoners cap Page 85 CHAP. Li REPORTS, ETC.-MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 85 hired, sent to the rear, and exchanged; also of the guns and mate- rials of war captured, besides the important country towns and avseuals of the enemy that we now occupy and hold. All of which is respectfully submitted. W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General, Commanding. Mcj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff, Washington, D. C. Casualties in ar~ny in the field. Military Division of the Mississippi, during May, June, July, and August, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. H be Command. o o o 0 Army of the Cumberland 261 2,748 780 14,676 46 1,729 20,240 Army of the Tennessee 91 1,357 365 6,628 77 1796 10,314 Army of the Ohio 531 2,378 1,060 3,960 Total 352 4,636 1,145 23,682 123 4,585 34,514 To which should be added the casualties for September 1 to 15 in Army of the Cumberland, 2,567, making aggregate, 37,081. Reports of Armies of the Tennessee and Ohio include the whole campaign. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General, U. S. Army, Commanding. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississippi, In the Field, Atlanta. Ga., September 15, 1864. Prisoners and deserters taken by army in the field, Military Division of the Missis- sippi, during May, June, July, and August, 1864. Prisoners. Deserters. Command. be ~ be ~ ~) be\ 0 ~ 0 ~ Army of the Cumberland 121 3,838 21 1,543 5,523 Army of the Tennessee 133 2,591 5 576 3,805 Army of the Ohio 16 781 1 292 1,090 Total 270 7,210 27 2,411 9,918 To which add the prisoners and deserters in the Army of the Cum- berlaud September 1 to 20, 3,065, making a total aggregate of 12,983. Reports from Armies of the Tennessee and Ohio include the whole campaign. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General, U. S. Army, Commanding. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississippi, in the Field, Atlanta, Ga., September 15~ 1864 Page 86 86 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. tCHAP. L. ADDENDA. SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS, HDQRS. MIL. Div. OF THE Miss., in the Field, near Lovejoys, No. 62. ) September 3, 1864. The general commanding announces with great pleasure that he has official information that our troops under Major-General Slocum occupied Atlanta yesterday at 11 a. in., the enemy having evacuated the night before, destroyed vast magazines of stores, and blowing up, among otber things, eighty car-loads of ammunition, which accounts for the sounds heard by us on the night of the 1st instant. Our present task is, therefore, well done, and all work of destruction on the railroad will cease. By order of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman: L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp. WAR DEPARTMENT, September 5, 186410.25 p. in. Major-General SHERMAN: I have the pleasure of transmitting to you the following orders, which were made Saturday by the President on receipt of the news of the capture of Atlanta: EXECUTIVE MANSION, September 3,1864. The national thanks are tendered by the President to Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman and the gallant officers and soldiers of his command before Atlanta, for the distin- guished ability, courage, and perseverance displayed in the campaign in Georgia, which, under Divine favor, has resulted in the capture of the city of Atlanta. The marches, battles, sieges, and other military operations that have signalized the campaign, must render it famous in the annals of war, and have entitled those who have participated therein to the applause and thanks of the nation. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. IN THE FIELD, Near Jonesborough, Ga., September 6, 18643 p. in. (Received 11.05 p. in. 8th.) Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: I have just received your telegram, and shall announce it to the whole army, preceded by the expression, The general commanding announces to the army with pride and satisfaction, and followed by All corps, regiments, and batteries may, without further notice, inscribe Atlanta on their colors. We are moving back to Atlanta slowly, making good use of the corn-fields, which our animals needed, and to prevent a boast of the enemy that we were in a hurry. I have burned a good deal of cotton, but will save enough to pay the expenses of the salute. W. T. SHERMAN, Major- General Page 87 CHAP~ L.1 REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 87 SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS,) HDQRS. MIL. Div. OF THE MISS., ~ in the Field, near Jortesborough, Ga., No. 66. September 6, 1864~. I. The general-in-chief communicates with a feeling of just pride and satisfaction the following orders of the President of the United States, and telegram of Lient. Gen. U. S. Grant, on hearing of the capture of Atlanta: EXECUTIVE MANSION, Washington, D. 0., September 3, 1864. The national thanks are tendered by the President to Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman and the gallant officers and soldiers of his command before Atlanta, for the distin- guished ability, courage, and perseverance displayed in the campaign in Georgia, which, under Divine favor, has resulted in the capture of the city of Atlanta. The marches, battles, sieges, and other military operations that have signalized the campaign, must render it famous in the annals of war, and have entitled those who have participated therein to the applause and thanks of the nation. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States. EXECUTIVE MANSION, Washington City, September 3, 1864. Ordered: First. That on Monday, the 5th day of September, commencing at the hour of 12 noon, there shall be given a salute of 100 guns at the Arsenal and Navy-Yard, Washington, and on Tuesday, the 6th day of September, or on the day after the receipt of this order, at each arsenal and navy-yard in the United States, for the recent brilliant achievements of the fleet and land forces of the United States in the harbor of Mobile, and in the reduction ~f Fort Powell, Fort Gaines, and Fort Mor- gan. The Secretary of War and Secretary of Navy will issue the necessary direc- tions, in their respective Departments, for the execution of this order. Second. That on Wednesday, the 7th day of September, commencing at the hour of 12 noon, there shall be fired a salute of 100 guns at the arsenal at Washington, and at New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Pitt~burg, Newport, Ky., Saint Louis, New Orleans. Mobile, Pensacola, Hilton Head, and New Berne, or the day after the receipt of this order, for the brilliant achievements of the army under com- mand of Major-General Sherman in the State of Georgia, and the ca~pture of Atlanta. The Secretary of War will issue directions for the execution of this order. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States. CITY POINT, VA., September 4, 18649 p. m. Major-General SHERMAN: I have just received your dispatch announcing the capture of Atlanta. In honor of your great victory I have ordered a salute to be fired with shotted guns from every battery bearing upon the enemy. The salute will be fired within ~n hour amidst great rejoicing. ~. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. II. All the corps, regiments, and batteries composing this army may, without further orders, inscribe Atlanta on their colors. By order of Maj. Gen. W.. T. Sherman: L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de- Camp. SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS, HDQRS. MIL. Div. OF THE Miss., In the Field, Atlanta, Ga., No. 68. ) September 8, 1864. The officers and soldiers of the Armies of the Cumberland, Ohio, and Tennessee have already received the thanks of the nation throug Page 88 88 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. its President and Commander-in-Chief, and it now remains only for him who has been with you from the beginning, and who intends to stay all the time, to thank the officers and men for their intelligence, fidelity, and courage as displayed in the campaign of Atlanta. On the 1st of May our armies were lying in garrison seemingly quiet, from Knoxville to Huntsville, and our enemy lay behind his rocky-faced barrier at Dalton, proud, defiant, and exulting. He had had time since Christmas to recover from his discomfitnre on the Mission Ridge, with his ranks filled, and a new commander-in-chief second to none of the Confederacy in reputation for skill, sagacity, and extreme popularity. All at once our armies assumed life and action, and appeared before Dalton. Threatening Rocky Face, we threw ourselves upon Resaca, and the rebel army only escaped by the rapidity of its retreat, aided by the numerous roads, with which he was familiar, and which were strange to us. Again he took post in Allatoona, but we gave him no rest, and by our circuit toward Dallas and subsequent movement to Acworth we gained ~he Alla- toona Pass. Then followed the eventful battles about Kenesaw and the escape of the enemy across the Chattahoochee River. The cross- ing of the Chattahoochee and breaking of the Augusta road was most handsomely executed by us, and will be studied as an example in the art of war. At this stage of our game our enemies became dissatisfied with their old and skillful commander and selected one more bold and rash. New tactics were adopted. Hood first boldly and rapidly, on the 20th of July, fell on our right at Peach Tree Creek and lost. Again, on the 22d, he struck our extreme left and was severely punished, and finally, again on the 28th, he repeated the at- tempt on our right, and that time must have become satisfied, for since that date lie has remained on the defensive. We slowly and gradually drew our lines about Atlanta, feeling for the railroad which supplied the rebel army and made Atlanta a place of importance. We must concede to our encmy that he met these efforts patiently and skillfully, but at last he made the mistake we had waited for so long, and sent his cavalry to our rear, far beyond the reach of recall. Instantly our cavalry was on his only remaining road and we fol- lowed quickly with our principal army, and Atlanta fell into our possession as the fruit of well-concerted measures, backed by a brave and confident army. This completed the grand task which had been assigned us by our Government, and your general again repeats his personal and official thanks to all the officers and men composing this army for the indomitable courage and perseverance which alone~could give success. We have beaten our enemy on every ground he has chosen, and have wrested from him his own Gate City, where were located his foundries, arsenals, and work-shops, deemed secure on account of their distance from the base and the seemingly impregna- ble obstacles intervening. Nothing is impossible to an army like this, determined to vindi- cate a Government which has rights wherever our flag has once floated, and is resolved to maintain them at any and all costs. In our campaign many, yea, very many, of our noble and gallant comrades have preceded us to our common destinaLionthe grave. But they have left the memory of deeds on which a nation can build a proud history. McPherson, Harker, McCook, and others dear to us all, are now the binding links in our minds that should attach more closely together the living, who have to complete the task which still lays before us in the dim future Page 89 OHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.MIL DIV. OF THE MISS. 89 I ask all to continue, as they have so well begun, the cultivation of the soldierly virtues that have ennobled our own and other coun- triescourage, patience, obedience to the laws and constituted au- thorities of our Government, fidelity to our trusts, and good feeling among each other, each trying to excel the other in the practice of those high qualitiesand it will then require no prophet to foretell that our country will in time emerge from this war, purified by the fires of war and worthy its great founderWashington. By order of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman: L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de- Camp. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT., ADJT. GENERALS OFFICE, No. 3. Wpshington, January 14, 1865. The following resolution of the Senate and House of Representa- tives is published to the Army PUBLIC RESOLUTION No.4.Joint resolution tendering the thanks of the people and of congress to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman and the officers and soldiers or his command for their gallant con- duct in their late hrilliant movement through Georgia. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America m Congress assembled, That the thanks of the people and of the Congress of the United States are due, and are fiereby tendered, to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman and, through him, to the officers and men under his command for their gallantry and good conduct in their late campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and the triumphal march thence through Georgia to Savannah, terminating in the capture and occupation of that city; and that the Presidemit cause a cppy of this joint resolution to be engrossed and forwarded to Major-General Sherman. Approved, January 10, 1865. By order of the Secretary of War: W. A. NICHOLS, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 2. Organization of the Union (field) forces, commanded by ]JIaj. Gen. William T. Sherman, in the Atlanta Campaign, May 3September 8, 1864. HEADQUARTERS GUARfr. 7th Company Ohio Sharpshooters, a Lieut. William McCrory. ARTILLERY.b Brig. Gen. WILLIAM F. BARRY, Chief of Artillery. ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. Maj. Gen. GEORGE H. THOMAS. ESCORT. Company I, 1st Ohio Cavalry, Lieut. Henry C. Reppert. ARTILLERY. b Brig. Gen. JOHN M. BRANNAN, Chief of Artillery. a Relieved two companies 10th Ohio Infantry May 20. 6 All organizations are entered in the roe. ters of the commands with which they served Page 90 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. FOURTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. OLIVER 0. HOWARD. a Maj. Gen. DAVID S. STANLEY. FIRST DIVISION. Maj. Gen. DAVID S. STANLEY. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM GROSE. Brig. Gen. NATHAN KIMBALL.b First Brigade. Brig. Gen. CHARLES CRUFT.C Col. ISAAC M. KIRBY. 21st Illinois : d Maj. James E. Calloway. Capt. William H. Jamison.e ~8th Illinois,d Lieut. Col. William T. Chapman. 31st Indiana, Col. John T. Smith. 81st Indiana, Lieut. Col. William C. Wheeler. 1st Kentucky,f Col. David A. Enyart. 2d Kentucky,f Lieut. Col. John R. Hurd. 90th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Samuel N. Yeo- man. 101st Ohio: Col. Isaac M. Kirby. Lieut. Col. Bedan B. MeDanald. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. WALTER C. WHITAKER.g Col. JACOB E. TAYLOR. 59th Illinois,h Col. P. Sidney Post. 6th Illinois: Col. Thomas E. Champion.i Maj. George Hicks. Second BrigadeContinued. 115th Illinois, Col. Jesse H. Moore. 35th Indiana: Maj. John P. Dufficy.] Capt. James A. Gavisk. Lieut. Col. Augustus G. Tassin. 84th Indiana :h Lieut. Col. Andrew J. Neff. Capt. John C. Taylor. 21st Kentucky: Col. Samuel W. Price.i Lieut. Col. James C. Evans. 23d Kentucky,h Licut. Col. George W. Northup. 40th Ohio: Col. Jacob E. Taylor. Capt. Charles G. Match~tt.Ic Capt. Milton Kemper. 45th Ohio,l Capt. John H. Humphrey. 51st Ohio: Lieut. Col. Charles H. Wood. Col. Richard W. McClain.m 99th Ohio :1 Lieut. Col. John E. Cummins. Capt. James A. Bope. Lieut. Col. John E. Cummins. Third Brigade. Col. WILLIAM GROSE. Col. P. SIDNEY POST. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM GROSE. Col. JOHN E. BENNETT.U 59th Illinois : h 30th Indiana: Col. P. Sidney Post. Licut. Col. Orrin D. Hurd. Lieut. Col. Clayton Hale. Capt. William Dawson. Col. P. Sidney Post. Lieut. Col. Orrin D. Hurd. 75th Illinois: 36th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Oliver H. P. Col. John E. Bennett. Carey. Lient. Col. William M. Kilgour. 84th Indiana : h 80th Illinois: Capt. John C. Taylor.Ic Lieut. Col. William M. Kilgour. Capt. Martin B. Miller. Maj. James M. Stookey.o 77th Pennsylvania: 84th Illinois, Col. Louis H. Waters. Capt. Joseph J. Lawson. 9th Indiana, Col. Isaac C. B. Suman. Col. Thomas E. Rose.o a Assumed command of the Army of the Tennessee July 27. b Assumed command August 4. c Sick from June JI. d Non-veteri~os~ attached to 101st Ohio till June 4 and 9, respectively, when the regiments returned from veteran furlough. e Assumed command June 21. f Ordered home for mus- ter out May 29 and June 3, respectively. p Sick from June 30. h The 59th Illinois was transferred from the Third Brigade August 16, and to ths Third Division August 19, being replaced by the 23d Kentucky. The 84th Indiana took the place of the 59th Illinois in the Third Brigade. i Wounded June 20. j Killed June 20. k Wounded September 2. 1 The 45th Ohio (from Twenty-third Corps) interchanged with 99th Ohio June 22. rn Assumed command June 1. a Assumed command September 4. o Assumed com- mand June 7. 90 [CHAP. L Page 91 REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OP THE MISS. Artillery, a Capt. PETER SIMoNsoN. b Capt. SAMUEL M. MCDOWELL.C Capt. THEODORE S. THOMASSON. Indiana Light. 5th Battery, Capt. Alfred Morrison. Pennsylvania Light, Battery B Capt. Samuel M. McDowell. Capt. Jacob Ziegler. SECOND DIViSION. Brig. Gen. JOHN NEWTON. First Brigade.. Col. FRANCIS T. SHERMAN. Brig. Gen. NATHAN KIMBALL.d Col. EMERSON OPDYCKE. 36th Illinois: Col. Silas Miler.e Capt. James B. McNeal. Lieut. Col. Porter C. Olson.f 44th Illinois: Col. Wallace W. Barrett. Lieut. Col. John Russell. Maj. Luther M. Sabin. Lieut. Col. John Russell. 73d Illinois, Maj. Thomas W. Mothers- paw. 74th Illinois: Col. Jason Marsh.g Lieut. Col. James B. Kerr.h Capt. Thomas J. Bryan. 88th Illinois: Lieut. Col. George W. Chandler.c Lieut. Col. George W. Smith. 28th Kentucky,i Lieut. Col. J. Rowan Boone. 2d Missouri :j Lieut. Col. Arnold Beck. Col. Bernard Laiboldt. 15th Missouri, Col. Joseph Conrad. 24th Wisconsin: Lieut. Col. Theodore S. West.k Maj. Arthur MacArthur, jr. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE D. WAGNER. 1 Col. JOHN W. BLAKE. 100th Illinois: Maj. Charles M. Hammond. Col. Frederick A. Bartleson.m Maj. Charles M. Hammond. 40th Indiana: Col. John W. Blake. Lieut. Col. Henry Leaming. Col. John W. Blake .n Lieut. Col. Henry Learning. 57th Indiana: Lieut. Col. George W. Len- nard. o Lieut. Col. Willis Blanch. 28th Kentucky :p Lieut. Col. J. Rowan Boone.q Maj. George W. Barth. 26th Ohio: Lieut. Col. William H. Squires. r Maj. Norris T. Peatman. q Capt. Lewis D. Adair. Lieut. Col. William H. Squires. Maj. Norris T. Peatman.s 97th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Milton Barnes. Col. John Q. Lane.t Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. CHARLES G. HARKER.C Brig. Gen. LUTHER P. BRADLEY. .22d Illinois,u Lieut. Col. Francis Swan- wick. 27th Illinois,v Lient. Col. William A. Schmitt. 42d Illinois Lieut. Col. Edgar D. Swain.w Capt. Jared W. Richards. Maj. Frederick A. Atwater.x 51st Illinois: Col. Luther P. Bradley. Capt. TheQdore F. Brown. Col. Luther P. Bradley. Capt. Albert M. Tilton. 79th Illinois: Col. Allen Buckner.y Lieut. Col. Henry E. Rives. Maj. Terrence Clark.z Capt. Oliver 0. Bagley. Lieut. Col. Terrence Clark. a Merged into the artillery brigade of the corps July 26. 6 Killed June 16. c Killed June 27. d As- sumed command May 22; assigned to command of First Division August 4. e Mortally wounded June 27. f Assumed command August 24. g Sick~ from June 10. h Mortally wounded and captured June 27. i Transferred to Second Brigade May 28. j At Dalton from May 14. Ic Wounded May 14. 1 Sick July 10 to 25; resumed command on latter date. m Killed June 23. a Sick from August 10. oKilled May 14. p Assigned May 28. qWoundedJune~. rSickfromJunel9toJuly5. sIncom- mand from August 25. t In command from June ii. u Left army for muster-out June 10; vet- erans and recruits transferred to 42d Plinois. v Left army for muster-out August 25; veterans and recruits transf6rred to 9th Illinois. w Wounded June 3. x In command from August 8. UWounded May 9. z Assumed command June 8. CHAP. L.) 9 Page 92 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 3d Kentucky: Col. Henry C. Dunlap.a Capt. John W. Tuttle. Col. Henry C. Dunlap. 64th Ohio: / Col. Alexander Mcllvain.b Lieut. Col. Robert C. Brown. Maj. Samuel L. Coulter. Lieut. Col. Robert C. Brown. Third BrigadeContinued. 65th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Horatio N. Whit beck.c Capt. Charles 0. Tannehill. Maj. Orlow Smith. 125th Ohio: Col. Emerson Opdycke.d Lieut. Col. David H. Moore. Artillery.e Capt. CHARLES C. ALESHIRE.f Capt. WILBUR F. GOODSPEED. 1st Illinois Light. Battery M, Capt. George W. Spencer. 1st Ohio Light, Battery A: Capt. Wilbur F. Goodspeed. Lient. Charles W. Scovill. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. THOMAS J. WOOD.g Col. P. SIDNEY POST. Brig. Gen. THOMAS J. WooD. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. AUGUST WILLICH.h Col. WILLIAM H. GIBSON. (ol. RICHARD H. NODINE. Col. WILLIAM H. GIBSoN.i Col. CHARLES T. HoTcHKIss. 25th Illinois,j Col. Richard H. Nodine. 35th Illinois,i Lieut. Col. William P. Chandler. 89th Illinois: Col. Charles T. Hotchkiss. Lieut. Col. William D. Williams. Col. Charles T. Hotchkiss. Lieut. Col. William D. Williams. 32d Indiana.k Col. Frank Erdelmeyer. 8th Kansas :1 Col. John A. Martin.m Lieut. Col. James M. Graham. 15th Ohio: Col. William Wallace.n Lieut. Col. Frank Askew. Col. William Wallace.o Col. Frank Askew. 49th Ohio: Col. William H. Gibson. Lieut. Col. Samuel F. Gray. 15th XVisconsin: Maj. George Wilson. Lieut. Col. Ole C. Johnson.p Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM B. HAZEN.q Col. OLIVER H. PAYNE. Col. P. SIDNEY PosT.r 59th Illinois,s Capt. Samuel West. 6th Indiana,t Lieut. Col. Calvin D. Campbell. 5th Kentucky, u Col. William W. Berry. 6th Kentucky : u Maj. Richard T. Whitaker. Capt. Isaac N. Johnston. 23d Kentucky : v Lieut. Col. James C. Foy.w Maj. George W. Northup. 1st Ohio,x Maj. Joab A. Stafford. 6th Ohio,y Col. Nicholas L. Anderson. 41st Ohio, Lieut. Col. Robert L. Kim- berly.z 71st Ohio,aa Col. Henry K. McConnell. 93d Ohio, Lieut. Col. Daniel Boxvman. 124th Ohio: Col. Oliver H. PayBe. Lieut. Col. James Pickands.bb Col. Oliver H. Payne.ee a Sick from June 28. b Killed May 9. c Wounded June 27. d wounded May 14; in command of a demi-brigade to August 4. eMerged into the artillery brigade of the corps July 26. f Relieved June 24. p Wounded September 2. h Wounded May 15. i Left for muster-out Au~st 25. j Joined brigade June 6, and left for muster-out August 1. k Left for muster-out August 2. 1 Joined from vet- eran furlough June 28. m Sick from August 1. n Disabled May27. o On leave from June 9. p As- sumed command July 24. q Transferred to the Army of the Tennessee August 17. s-In command from August 19. s Transferred from Second Brig~de, First Division, August 19. t Relieved for muster- out August 22. u Transferred to Fourth Division, Twentieth Corps, July25 and August 9, respectively. v Transferred to Second Brigade, First Division, August 19. w Mortally wounded July 9. x Ordered to Chattanooga July 25. y At Cleveland. Kingston, and Resaca; relieved for muster-out June 6. z Commanding demi-brigade May 6 to July 21. aa Transferred from Fourth Division, Twentieth Army Corps, August 31. bb In command May 6 to 27, ~vben wounded. cc Commanding demi-brigade May 6 to August 19. 92 (CHAP. L Page 93 REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF TIlE MISS. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL BEATTY.a Col. FREDERICK KNEFLER. 79th Indiana; Col. Frederick Knefler. Lieut. Col. Samuel P. Qyler.b Maj. George W. Parker.c Capt. John G. Dunbar.d Capt. Eli F. Ritter. 8(3th Indiana, Col. George F. Dick. 9th Kentucky: Lieut. Col. Chesley D. Bailey. Col. George H. Cram.e 14th Kentucky, Col. Alexander M. Stout. 13th Ohio: Col. Dwight Jarvis, jr.a Maj. Joseph T. Snider. 19th Ohio: Col. Charles F. Manderson. f Lient. Col. Henry G. Stratton. 59th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Granville A. Frambes.g Capt. Charles A. Sheafe.h Capt. John L. Watson. Capt. Robert H. Higgins. Artillery. Capt. CULLEN BRADLEY. Illinois Light, Bridges Battery: Capt. Lyman Bridges.I Lieut. Morris D. Temple.j Lieut. Lyman A. W~hite. Ohio Light, 6th Battery: Lieut. Oliver H. P. Ayres. Lieut Lorenzo D. Imrnell.k Lieut. Oliver H. P. Ayres.l Lieut. Lorenzo D. Immell. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. IR Maj. THOMAS W. OSBORN.H Capt. LYMAN BRIDGES. 1st Illinois Light, Battery M, Capt. George W. Spencer. Illinois Light, Bridges Battery, Lieut. Lyman A. White. Indiana Light, 5th Battery: Capt. Alfred Morrison. Lieut. George H. Briggs. 1st Ohio Light, Battery A, Capt. Wilbur F. Goodspeed. 1st Ohio Light, Battery M, Capt. Frederick Schultz. Ohio Light, 6th Battery: Lieut. L6renzo D. Immell. Capt. Cullen Bradley. o Pennsylvania Light, Battery B, Capt. Jacob Ziegler. FOJJRTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN M. PALMER. Brig. Gen. RICHARI W. JoHNsoN.p Bvt. Maj. Gen. JEFFERSON C. DAVIs.q FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. RICHARD W. JOHNSON.r Brig. Gen. JOHN H. KING. Brig. Gen. RICHARD W. JOHNSON.r Brig. Gen. JOHN H. KING. Brig. Gen. RICHARD W. JOHNSON. Brig. Gen. JOHN H. KING. Brig. Gen. WiLLIAM P. CARLIN.S CHAP. L.] 93 I a Sick from May 23. b Sick from June 28. c Wounded July 19. d Captured September 2. e In command from June 23. f Wounded September 2. p Captured May 27. h Sick from June 25. i Chief of corps artilhiy from May 23. j Relieved for muster-out June 8. k In command May 30 to June 28. 1 Wounded July (1 m Organized July 26. n In command July 26-30. o In command from August 1. p Assumed compiand August 7. q Assumed command August 22. r Disabled and absent May 29 to June 6 and June 13 to July 13. s in con~mmand from August 17 Page 94 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Provost Guard. 16th United States, Company D, 1st Battalion, Capt. Charles F. Trowbridge. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM P. CARLIN.a Col. ANSON G. MCCooK. Col. MARION C. TAYLOR. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM P. CARLIN. Col. MARION C. TAYLOR. 104th~ Illinois, Lieut. Col. Douglas Hape- man. 42d Indiana: Lieut. Col. William T. B. McIn- tire.b Capt. James H. Masters.c Capt. Gideon R. Kellams. Lieut. Col. William T. B. McIn- tire. 88th Indiana,, Lieut. Col. Cyrus E. Bri- ant. 15th Kentucky: Col. Marion C. Taylor. Lieut. Col. William G. Halpin. 2d Ohio:d Col. Anson G. McCook. Capt. James F. Sarratt. 33d Ohio: Lieut. Col. James H. M. Mont- gomery.e Capt. Thaddeus A. Minshall. 94th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Rue P. Hutchins. 10th Wisconsin,! Capt. Jacob W. Roby. 21st Wisconsin: Lieut. Col. Harrison C. Hobart. Maj. Michael H. Fitch. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN H. KING. Col. WILLIAM L. STOUGHTON. Brig. Gen. JOHN H. KING. Col. WILLIAM L. STOUGHTON.g Col. MARSHALL F. MOORE. Brig. Gen. JOHN H. KING. Maj. JOHN B. EDIE. 37th Indiana: Lieut. Col. William D. Ward.y Maj. Thomas V. Kimble. Lieut. Col. William D. Ward. Second BrigadeContinued. 11th Michigan:h Col. William L. Stoughton. Capt. Patrick H. Keegan. Col. William L. Stoughton. Capt. Patrick H. Keegan. Lieut. Col. Melvin Mudge. Capt. Patrick H. Keegan. 69th Ohio : i Col. Marshall F. Moore. Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Brigham. Capt. Lewis E. Hicks. 15th United States (nine companies First and Third Battalions): Maj. Albert Tracy.j Capt. Albert B. Dod.k Capt. James Curtis.l Capt. Horace Jewett. 15th United States (six companies Sec- ond Battalion): Maj. John R. Edie.m Capt. William S. McManus. 16th United States (four companies First Battalion): Capt. Alexander H. Stanton.n Capt. Ebenezer Gay.o 16th United States (four companies Sec- ond Battalion), Capt. Robert P. Barry.p 18th United States (eight companies First and Third Battalions) : q Capt. George W. Smith.r Capt. Lyman M. Kellogg.s Capt. Robert B. Hull.t 18th United States (Second Battalion),q Capt. William J. Fetterman. 19th United States (First Battalion and A, Second Battalion): Capt. James Mooney. Capt. Lewis Wilson.u Capt. Egbert Phelps.v Capt. James Mooney. Third Brigade. Col. BENJAMIN F. SCRIBNER.W Col. JOSIAH GIVEN. Col. MARSHALL F. MOORE.X 38th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Daniel F. Grif- fin.z 21st Ohio: Col. James M. Neibling.aa Lieut. Col. Arnold McMahan. a On leave July 2 to August 2. b Sick July 3 to August 23. cWounded July 22. d Ordered to Chattanooga July 27. e Wounded August 13. f Ordered to Marietta July 28. g Wounded July 4. h Ordered to Chattanooga August 25. i Joined from veteran furlough May 11 and temporarily as signed to Third Brigade July 15. j Sick from May 5. k On leave from August 1. 1 Wounded Au- gust 7. m In command of First and Second Battalions from May 8. it In command of First and Second Battalions to May 21. o In command of First and Second Battalions May 21 to August 24. p In command of First and Second Battalions from August 24. q Consolidated for field and tactical purposes August 11 and commanded by Captain Kellogg. rAlso commanded Second Battalion to June 14. sIn command of the regiment June 14 to August 11; wounded September 1. tIn com- manci of consolidated detachment from September 1. uAssumed command May 22. v Sick from July 10. w Sick from July 5. .r In command from July 15. y Wounded May 27. z Also command& j demi-brigade. aa Wotinded May 28. 9 Page 95 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 95 Third BrigadeContinued. 74th Ohio: 79th Pennsylvania b Col. Josiah Given. Col. Henry A. Hambright.c Maj. Joseph Fisher. Maj. Michael H. Locher. Col. Josiah Given.a Capt. John S. McBride. 78th Pennsylvania, Qol.William Sirwell. Maj. Michael H.Locher. 1st Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. George B. Bingham.a Artillery.d Capt. Lucius H. DRURY. 1st Illinois Light, Battery C, Capt. Mark H. Prescott. 1st Ohio Light, Battery I, Capt. Hubert Dilger. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JEFFERSON C. DAVIS. Brig. Gen. JAMES D. MORGAN. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. JAMES D. MORGAN.e Col. ROBERT F. SMITH. Brig. Gen. JAMES D. MORGAN. Col. CHARLES M. LUM. 10th Illinois,f Col. John Tillson. 16th Illinois: Col. Robert F. Smith. Lieut. Col. James B. Cahill. Col. Robert F. Smith. Lieut. Col. James B. Cahill. Col. Robert F. Smith.h Lieut. Col. James B. Cahill. 60th Illinois, Col. William B. Anderson. 10th Michigan :i Col. Charles M. Lum. Maj. Henry S. Burnett.j Capt. William H. Dunphy. 14th Michigan,k Col. Henry R. Mizner. 17th New York :1 Col. William T. C. Grower.rn Maj. Joel 0. Martin. Second Brigade. Col. JOHN G. MITCHELL. 34th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Oscar Van Tassell. 78th Illinois: Col. Carter Van Vleck.n Lieut. Col. Mans R. Vernon. 98th Ohio: IAeut. Col. John S. Pearce. Capt. John A. Norris. Capt. David E. Roatch. 108th Lieut. Col. John S. Pearce. Ohio:o Lieut. Col. Joseph Good. Col. George T. Limberg. Lieut. Col. Joseph Good. 113th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Darius B. Warner.p Maj. Lyne S. Sullivant.q Capt. Toland Jones. 121st Ohio, Col. Henry B. Banning. Third Brigade. Col. DANIEL MCCOOK.r Col. OSc~n F. HARMON.r Col. CALEB J. DILWORTH.S Lieut. Col. JAMES W. LANGLEY. 85th Illinois: 110th Illinois,t Lieut. Col. E. Hibbard Col. Caleb J. Dilworth. Topping. Maj. Robert G. Rider.s 125th Illinois: Capt. James R. Griffith. Col. Oscar F. Harmon. 86th Illinois: Maj. John B. Lee. Lieut. Col. Allen L. Fahnestock. Lieut. Col. James W. Langley. Maj. Joseph F. Thomas. Lieut. Col. Allen L. Fahnestock. Capt. George W. Cook. cAlso commanded demi-brigade. b Joined from veteran furlough May 9. c Disabled May 9. d Merged into the artillery brigade of the corps July 24. e Also commanded division July 28 to Au. gust 23, during illness of General Davis. f Transferred to Fourth Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, August 20. p Assumed command May 24. h Sick from August 26. iJoined from veteran furlough May 15. j Killed September 1. kJoined June 4. lJoined August 21. mMortally wounded Sep- tember 1. n Mortally wounded August 11. o Employed mainly in guarding trains. p Wounded June 27. q Sick from August 3. r Mortally wounded June 27. a Wounded September 1. t Guarding trains till July 20 Page 96 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 22d Indiana: Lieut. Col. William M. Wiles.a Capt. William H. Taggart.b Capt. William H. Snodgrass. Maj. Thomas Shea.c Capt. William H. Taggart.d Capt. William H. Snodgrass. Third BrigadeContinued. 52d Ohio: Lieut. Col. Charles W. Clancy.e Maj. James T. Holmes.f Capt. Samuel Rothacker. Maj. James .T. Holmes.g Artillery.h Capt. CHARLES M. BARNETT. 2d illinois Light. Battery I, Lieut. Alonzo W. Coe. Wisconsin Light, 5th Battery,i Capt. George Q. Gardner. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ABSALOM BAIRD. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN B. TURCHIN.J Col. MOSES B. WALKER. 19th illinois,k Lieut. Col. Alexander W. Raff en. 24th Illinois,l Capt. August Mauff. 82d Indiana, Col. Morton C. Hunter. 23d Missouri,m Col. William P. Robin- son.. 11th Ohio,n Lieut. Col. Ogden Street. 17th Ohio, Col. Durbin Ward. 31st Ohio: Col. Moses B. Walker. Lieut. Col. Frederick W. Lister. 89th Ohio: Maj. John H. Jolly. Col. Caleb H. Carlton.o 92d Ohio, Col. Benjamin D. Fearing. Second Brigade Col. FERDINAND VAN DERVEER.p Col. NEWELL GLEASON. 75th Indiana: Lieut. Col. William OBrien.q Maj. Cyrus J. McCole. 87th Indiana: Col. Newell Gleason. Lieut. Col. Edwin P. Hammond. 101st Indiana, Lieut. Col. Thomas Doan. 2d Minnesota: Col. James George.r Lieut. Col. Judson W. Bishop. 9th Ohio,s Col. Gustave Kammerling. 35th Ohio,t Maj. Joseph L. Budd. 105th Ohio, Lieut. Col. George T. Perkins. Third Brigade. Col. GEORGE P. ESTE. 10th Indiana,u Lieut. Col. Marsh B. Tay- 14th Ohio: br. Maj. John W. Wilson.x 74th Indiana: Capt. George W. Kirk. Lieut. Col. Myron Baker.v 38th Ohio: Maj. Thomas Morgan. Col. William A. Choate. 10th Kentucky, Col. William H. Hays. Capt. Joseph Wagstaff. 18th Kentucky,w Lieut. Col. Hubbard K. Milward. Artiilery.z Capt. GEORGE ESTEP. Indiana Light, 7th Battery, Capt. Otho H. Morgan. Indiana Light, 19th Battery, Lieut. William P. Stackhouse. a Wounded May 17. b Sick from June 12. c Assumed command July 12 and wounded July 19. d Sick from Au~s~ 7. e Captured July 19. f Wounded September 1. gEesumed command Septem~ ber 2. h Merged into the artillery brigade of the corps July 24. i Detachment Second Minnesota Bat- tery attached. j Sick from July 15. k Relieved f r muster-out June 9. 1 Relieved for muster-out June 28. in Joined July 10. ii Relieved for muster-out June 10; non-veterans organized into a battal- iou and attached to the 92d Ohio. Q Assumed command June 1. p Sick from June 27. q Wounded July 20. r Relieved for muster-out June 23. s Relieved for muster-out May 22. t Relieved for muster- i~t August 3. uPart of time detached at Marietta. vKilled August 5. wRemained at Ringgold. .r XVounded September 1. y Mortally wounded September 1. z Merged into the artillery brigade of the corps July 24. 96 [CHAP. L Page 97 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, EFC.MLL. DLV. OF TIlE MISS. ARTILLERY BRIGADE.a Maj. CHARLES HOUGHTALING. 1st Illinois Light, Battery C, Capt. Mark II. Prescott. 2d Illinois Light, Battery I, Capt. Charles M. Barnett. Indiana Light, 7th Battery, Capt. Otho H. Morgan. Indiana Light, 19th Battery, Lieut. William P. Stackhouse. Indiana Light, 20th Battery,b Capt. Milton A. Osborne. 1st Ohio Light, Battery I,c Capt. Hubert Dilger. Wisconsin Light, 5th Battery: Capt. George Q. Gardner.d Lieut. Joseph McKnight. TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOSEPH HOOKER. Brig. Gen. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS.e Maj. Gen. HENRY W. SLOCUM.f ESCORT. 15th Illinois Cavalry, Company K, Capt. William Duncan. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH F. KNIPE. Brig. Gen. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH F. KNIPE. Col. WARREN W. PACKER.g Brig. Gen. JOSEPH F. KNIPE. 5th Connecticut: Col. Warren W. Packer. Lieut. Col. Henry W. Daboll.h Maj. William S. Cogswell.i Col. Warren W. Packer. 3d Maryland (detachment): Lieut. David Gove. Lieut. Donald Reid. Lieut. David Gove. 123d New York: Col. Archibald L. McDougall.j Lieut. Col. James C. Rogers. 141st New York: Qol. William K. Logie.k Lieut. Col. Andrew J. McNett. 1 Capt. Elisha G. Baldwin. Capt. Andrew J. Compton. 46th Pennsylvania, Col. James L. Sel- fridge. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. RUGER. 27th Indiana: Col. Silas Colgrove.l Lient. Col. John R. Fesler. 2d Massachusetts: Col. William Cogsweil.m Lieut. Col. Charles F. Morse. Col. William Cogswell. 13th New Jersey, Col. Ezra A. Carman. 107th New York, Col. Nirom M. Crane. 150th New York, Col. John H. Ketcham. 3d Wisconsin, Col. William Hawley.j a Organized July 24; reorganized into three battalions August 27, as follows: C, 1st Illinois, and 19th Indiana in 1st nattalion, Captain Prescott, chief; I, 2d Illinois, and 5th Wisconsin in 2d nattalion Captain Barnett, chief; 7th and 20th Indiana in 3d nattalion, Captain Osborne, chief. b Assigned August 14. c Relieved August 14. d Sick from July 28. e Assumed command July 28. f Assumed command August 27. gIn command July 3 to 17, and July 28 to August 28. h In command May 24 to June 5, July 3 to 17, and August 1 to 28. dn command July 28 to August 1. j Wounded May 25. k Killed July 20. 1 Wounded July 20. rn Detached May 21 to June 30. 7 R RVOL XXXVIII, PT I 9 Page 98 98 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Third Brigade. Col. JAMES S. ROBINSON. Col. HORACE BOUGHTON. 8~d Illinois, Lieut. Col. Edward 5. 61st Ohio: Salomon. Col. Stephen J. McGroarty. c 101st Illinois, Lieut. Col. John B. Le Capt. John Garrett. Sage. 82d Ohio, Lieut. Col. David Thomson. 45th New York,b Col. Adoiphus Dobke. 31st Wisconsin,d Col. Francis H. West. 143d New York: Col. Horace Boughton. Lieut. Col. Hezekiah Watkins. Maj. John Higgins. First Brigade. Col. CHARLES CANDY. Col. ARIo PARDEE, jr.f Artillery.e Capt. JOHN D. WOODBURY. 1st New York Light, Battery I, Lieut. Charles E. Winegar. 1st New York Light, Battery M, Capt. John D. Woodbury. SEC& ND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. GEARY.. Second Brigade. Col. ADOLPHUS BUSCHBECK. Col. JOHN T. LOCKMAN.1 Col. PATRICK H. JoNES.m Col. GEORGE W. MINDIL. 33d New Jersey: CoL George W. Mmdii. Lieut. Col. Enos Fourat. Capt. Thomas OConnor. 119th New York: Col. John T. Lockman. Capt. Charles H. Odell.n Capt. Chester H. Southworth. Col. John T. Lockman. 134th New York: Lieut. Col. Allan H. Jackson.c Capt. Clinton C. Brown. 154th New York: Col. Patrsck H. Jones.o Lieut. Col. Daniel B. Allen.p Maj. Lewis D. Warner. Lieut. Col. Daniel B. Allen. Maj. Lewis D. Warner. 27th Pennsylvania,q Lieut. Col. Au- gust Riedt. 73d Pennsylvania, Maj. Charles C. Cresson. r 109th Pennsylvania: Capt. Frederick L. Gimber.r Capt. Walter G. Dunn. Capt. Hugh Alexander. Capt. William Geary. 5th Ohio: Col. John H. Patrick.g Lieut. Col. Robert L. Kilpatrick. Maj. Henry E. Symmes.h Capt. Robert Kirkup. 7th Ohio,i Lieut. Col.Samuel McClel land. 29th Ohio: Col. William T. Fitch.j Capt. Myron T. Wright.c Capt. Wilbur F. Stevens. 66th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Eugene Powell.k Capt. Thomas McConnell. 28th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John Flynn. 147th Pennsylvania: Col. Ario Pardee, jr. Lieut. Col. John Craig. a Sick from July 24. bOrdered to Nashville July 6. c Wounded July 20. d Joined July 21. e Maj. John A. Reynolds, chief of corps artillery; artillery of the division was merged into the artillery bri gade of the corps July 27. fIn command from August 4. g Killed May 25. h Assumed command June 12 and wounded June 28. i Relieved for muster-otit June 11. j Wounded May 8 k Part of time also commanded the 5th and detachment 7th Ohio. 1 Assumed command May 22. m In command June 7 to August 5. n In command May 22 to 29. o Disahied May 8. p Sick from May 16. q Relieved for muster-out May 23. r Wounded June 15 Page 99 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, F DIV. OF THE MISS. Third Brigade. Col. DAVID IRELAND.a Col. WILLIAM RICKARDS, Jr.b Col. GEORGE A. COBHAM, Jr. Col. DAVID IRELAND. 60th New York: Col. Abel Godard. Capt. Thomas Elliott. Col. Abel Godard. Capt. Thomas Elliott. 78th New York :e Lient. Col. ~Iarvey S. Chatfield. Col. Herbert von Hammerstein.d 102d New York: Col. James C. Lane.e Maj. Lewis R. Stegman.f Capt. Barent Van Buren. Col. Herbert VOfl Hammerstein. 137th New York, Lieut. Col. Koert S. Van Voorhis. 149th New York: Lieut. Col. Charles B. Randall. Col. Henry A Barnum.d 29th Pennsylvania: Col. William Rickards, jr.f Maj. Jesse R. Millisong Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Walker. Capt. John H. Goldsmith.h Capt. Benjamin F. Zarracher.i Li~ut. Col. Samuel M. Zulich.j 111th Pennsylvania: Col. George A. Cobham, jr. Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Walker. Col. George A. Cobham, jr.lc Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Walker. Artillery. Capt. WILLIAM WHEELER.1 Capt. CHARLES C. ALESHIRE. New York Light, 13th Battery: Capt. William Wheeler.l Lieut. Henry Bundy. Pennsylvania Light, Battery E: Capt. James D. McGill.rn Lieut. Thomas S. Sloan. THIRD DIVISION. Maj. Gen. DANIEL BUTTERFIELD. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM T. WARD.n First Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM T. WARD.O Col. BENJAMIN HARRISON. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM T. WARD. Col. BENJAMIN HARRISON. 102d Illinois: Col. Franklin C. Smith.p Lieut. Col. James M. Mannon. Col. Franklin C. Smith. 105th Illinois: Col. Daniel Dustin. Lieut. Col. Everell F. Dutton.q Col. Daniel Dustin. 129th Illinois: Col. Henry Case. 70th Jndiana: Col. Benjamin Harrison. Lieut. Col. Samuel Merrill. 79th Ohio: Col. Henry G. Kennett. Lieut.Col. Azariah W. Doan. Capt. Samuel A. West. Second Brigade. Col. SAMUEL ROSS. Col. JOHN COBURN.r 20th Connecticut :s Lieut. Col. Philo B. Buckingham. Col. Samuel Ross. 33d Indiana: Maj. Levin T. Miller. t Capt. Edward T. McCrea. Maj. Levin T. Miller. 85th Indiana: Col. John P. Baird. Lieut. Col. Alexander B. Crane.u Capt. Jefferson E. Brant. 19th Michigan.: Col. Henry C. Gilbert.v Maj. Eli A. Griffin.w Capt. John J. Baker.x Capt. David Anderson. 22d Wiscbnsin: Col. William L. Utley. Lient. Col. Edward Bloodgood.y a Wounded May 15; resumed command June 6. b Relieved May 16. c Consolidated with 102d New York July 12. d Assumed con~imaud June 20. e Sick fromJune 15. f Wounded June 15. g Relieved for inns r-out June 30. h Assumed command July 21. i Assumed command July 30. j Assumed command Augnit 22. k Killed July 20. 1 KiPed June 22. m Resigned July 5. a In command from June 29. o Wounded May 15. p Wounded June 16 resumed command August 10. q In command July 14 to August4. r Assumed commandMay 9. s Transferred to Third Brigade May 29. t Wounded June 2. u In command July 17 to August 9. v Mortally wounded May 15. w Mortally wounded June 15. xWounded July 21. yIn command from July 3. 9 Page 100 100 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Third Brigade. Col. JAMES WooD, Jr. 20th Connecticut: 55th Ohio: Col. Samuel Ross. Col. Charles B. Gambee.b Lieut. Col. Philo B. Bucking- Capt. Charles P. Wickham. ham. a Lieut. Col. Edwin H. Powers.c 33d Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Godfrey 73d Ohio, Maj. Samuel H. Hurst.d Rider, jr. 26th Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. Frederick C. 136th~New York: Winkler. Lieut. Col. Lester B. Faulkner. Maj. Henry L. Arnold. Artillery. Capt. MARCO B. GARY. 1st Michigan Light, Battery I, Capt. Luther R. Smith. 1st Ohio Light, Battery C, Lieut. Jerome B. Stephens. ARTILLERY BRIGADE.e Maj. JOHN A. REYNOLDS. 1st Michigan Light, Battery I, Capt. Luther R. Smith. 1st New York Light, Battery I, Capt. Charles E. Winegar. 1st New York Light, Battery M, Capt. John D. Woodhury. New York Light, 13th Battery, Capt. Henry Bundy. 1st Ohio Light, Battery C: Lieut. Jerome B. Stephens. Capt. Marco B. Gary.f Pennsylvania Light, Battery E, Lieut. Thomas S. Sloan. 5th United States, Battery K,g Capt. Edmund C. Bainbridge. UNATTACHED TROOPS. RESERVE BRIGADE. Col. JOSEPH W. BURKE.h Col. HEBER LE FAvouR.i 10th Ohio,h Col. Joseph W. Burke. 9th Michigan, Lieut. Col. William Wilkinson. 22d Michiganj Lieut. Col. Henry S. Dean. PONTONIERS.k Col. GEORGE P. BUELL. 58th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Joseph Moore. Pontoon Battalion,l Capt. Patrick OConnell. SIEGE ARTILLERY. 11th Indiana Battery, Capt. Arnold Sutermeister. AMMUNITION TRAIN GUARD. 1st Battalion Ohio Sharpshooters, Capt. Gershom M. Barber. a In command from July 16. b Killed May 15. c In command from July 8. d Wounded May 15. e Organized July 27. f Assumed command August 1. g Joined August 25. hRelieved for muster-out May 27. i Assumed command May 3I. j Joined May 31. k Up to June 17 Colonel Buell commanded the pioneer brigade. 1 Ordered to Chattanooga June 17 Page 101 REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. CAVALRY CORPS. Brig. Gen. WASHINGTON L. ELLIOTT. ESCORT. 4th Ohio, Company D, Capt. Philip H. Warner. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. EDWARD M. McCooK.a First Brigade. Col. JOSEPH B. DORR.b Col. JOHN T. CROXTON. Col. JOSEPH B. DORR.C Lient. Col. JAMES P. BROWNLOW.d Brig. Gen. JOHN T. CROXTON. 8th Iowa: Lieut. Col. Horatio G. Barner. Col. Joseph B. Dorr. Maj. Richard Root. Maj. John H. Isett. Maj. Richard Root. 4th Kentucky e (mounted infantry): Col. John T. Croxton. Lieut. Col. Robert M. Kelly.e Capt. James H. West.f Lieut. Granville C. West. Capt. James I. Hudnall. 2d Michigan :g Maj. Leonidas S. Scranton. Lieut. Col. Benjamin Smith. 1st Tennessee, Col. James P. Brown- low. Second Brigade. Col. OSCAR H. LA GRANGE.h Lieut. Col. JAMES W. STEWART.i Lieut. Col. HORACE P. LAMSON. Lieut. Col. WILLIAM H. TORREY.J Lieut. Col. HORACE P. LAMSON. 2d Indiana: Lieut. Col. James W. Stewart. Maj. David A. Briggs. 4th Indiana: Lieut. Col. Horace P. Larnson. Maj. George H. Purdy. Capt. Albert J. Morley. 1st Wisconsin: Maj. Nathan Paine.k Capt. Henry Harnden.l Capt. Lewis M. B. Smith. Lieut. Col. William H. Torrey. Maj. Nathan Paine.m Capt. Lewis M. B. Smith. Third Brigade.n Col. LOUIS D. WATKINS. Col. JOHN K. FAIJLKNER.O 4th Kentucky, Col. Wickliffe Cooper. 6th Kentucky, Maj. William H. Fidler. 7th Kentucky: Col. John K. Faulkner. Maj. Robert Collier, Col. John K. Faulkner. Artillery. 18th Indiana Battery: Lieut. William B. Rippetoe. Capt. Moses M. Beck.p CHAP. L) 101 a Also in command of Harrisons division Jnly 27 to 31. bIn command to July 20. c Captured July 30. dIn command July 30 to August 12. e Assigned June 30. f Captured July 31. g Ordered to Franklin, Tenn., June 29. h Captured May 9. i Captured May 26. jln command July 21 to 30, when wounded and captured. k Disabled May 9. 1 Wounded May 26. as Killed July 28. n At Wan- batchie, La Fayette, Calhoun, Dalton, Resaca, and other points in rear of the army. o In command July 5 to August 10. p Assumed command September 7 Page 102 102 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. KENNER GARRARD. Second Brigadeh Col. ELI LONG.a Col. BEROTH B. EGGLESTON. 1st Ohio: Col. Beroth B. Eggleston. Lieut. Col. Thomas J. Patten. 3d Ohio, Col. Charles B. Seidel. 4th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Oliver P. Robie. First Brigade. Col. ROBERT H. G. MINTY. 4th Michigan: Lieut. Col. Josiah B. Park. Maj. Frank W. Mix.a Capt. L. Briggs Eldridge. 7th Pennsylvania: Col. William B. Sipes. Maj. James F. Andress. Maj. William H. Jennings. 4th United States, Capt. James B. McIn- tyre. Third Brigade (mounted infantry). Col. JOHN T. WLLDER.C Col. ABRAM 0. MILLER. 98th Illinois, Lieut.Col. Edward Kitchell. 72d Indiana: 123d Illinois, Lieut. Col. Jonathan Biggs. Col. Abram 0. Miller. 17th Indiana: Maj. Henry M. Carr. Lieut. Col. Henry Jordan. Capt. Adam Pinkerton. Maj. Jacob G. Vail. Lieiit. Col. Samuel C. Kirkpatrick. Artillery. CI~icago (IllinQis) Board of Trade Battery, Lieut. George I. Robinson. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JUDSON KILPATRICK.d Col. ELI H. MURRAY.e Col. WILLIAM W. LOWE. Brig. Gen. JUDSON KILPATRICK. Lieut. Col. ROBERT KLEIN. Lieut. Col. MATTHEWSON T. PATRICK. Maj. J. MORRIS YOUNG. 3d Indiana (four companies), Maj. Al- fred Gaddis. 5th Iowa:f Maj. Harlon Baird. Maj. J. Morris Young. Capt. Martin Choumee. Second Brigade.g Col. CHARLES C. SMITH. Maj. THOMAS W. SANDERSON.h Lient. Col. FIELDER A. JONES. 8th Indiana:f Lieut. Col. Fielder A. Jones. Maj. Thomas Herring. Maj. Thomas Graham. 2d Kentucky:f Maj. William H. Eifort. Maj. Owen Star. 10th Ohio: Maj. Thomas W. Sanderson. Maj. William Thayer. Lieut. Col. Thomas W. Sanderson. Third Brigade. Col. ELI H. MURRAY. Col. SMITH D. ATKINs.e Col. ELI H. MURRAY. 92d Illinois (mounted infantry): 3d Kentucky: Col. Smith D. Atkins. Maj. Lewis Wolff ey. Capt. Matthew Van Buskirk. Lieut. Col. Robert H. King. Col. Smith D. Atkins. 5th Kentucky: Maj. Albert Woodcock. Col. Oliver L. Baldwin. Col. Si~iith D. Atkins. Maj. Christopher T. Cheek. Col. Oliver L. Baldwin. Artillery. 10th Wisconsin Battery, Capt. Yates V. Beebe. [CHAP. L. First Brigade. a Wounded August 2~). b Operating in Northern Alabama to June 6. c Sick from June 14. d Wounded May 13; resumed command July 23; also commanded First and Second Brigades, Second Division, August 18 to 22. e In command May 13 to 21. f In the field from July 27. p Col. Thomas J. Harrison, the commander of this brigade, was captured July 30 while in command of a provisional division, composed of the 8th Indiana, 2d Kentucky, 5th Iowa, 2th Ohio, and 4th Tennessee, and one section Battery E, 1st Michigan Light Artillery. it In command July 2 to August 6 Page 103 Caip. L] REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 103 ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. Maj. Gen. JAMES B. MCPHERSON.a Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN.b Maj. Gen. OLIVER 0. HOWARD. ESCORT. 4th Company Ohio Cavalry: Capt. John S. Foster. Capt. John L. King. 1st Ohio Cavalry, Company B,c Capt. George F. Conu. FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN. Brig. Gen. MORGAN L. SMITH. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. LOGAN. FIRST DIVISION. - Brig. Gen. PETER J. OSTERHATJS.d Brig. Gen. CHARLES R. WooDs. Maj. Gen. PETER J. OSTERHAUS. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. CHARLES R. WooDs. Col. JAMES A. WILLIAMSON. Col. MILO SMITH. Brig. Gen. CHARLES R. WOODS.e Col. MILO SMITH. 26th Iowa: Col. Mb Smith. Lieut. Col. Thomas G. Ferreby. Col. Milo Smith. Lieut. Col. Thomas G. Ferreby. 30th Iowa, Lieut. Col. Aurelius Roberts. 27th Missouri: Col. Thomas Curly. Maj. Dennis OConnor. Col. Thomas Curly. 76th Ohio, Col. William B. Woods. 4th Iowa: Lient. Col. Samuel D. Nichols.f Capt. Randolph Sry. 9th Iowa: Col. David Carskaddon.g Maj. George Granger. 25th Iowa, Col. George A. Stone. 31st Iowa, Col. William Smyth. Third Brigade. Col. HUGO WANGELIN. 3d Missouri, Col. Theodore Meumann. 31st Missouri: 12th Missouri: Lieut. Col. Samuel P. Simpson. Lieut. Col. Jacob Kaercher. g Maj. Frederick Jaensch. Maj. Frederick T. Ledergerber. Lieut. Col. Samuel P. Simpson. 17th Missouri, Maj. Francis Romer. 32d Missouri: 29th Missouri: Capt. Charles C. Bland. Lieut. Col. Joseph S. Gage. Maj. Abraham J. Seay.h Maj. Philip H. Murphy. Col. Joseph S. Gage. Artillery.i Maj. CLEMENS LANDGRAEBER. 2d Missouri Light, Battery F: Ohio Light, 4th Battery: Capt. Louis Voelkner. Capt. George Froehlich. Lieut. Lewis A. Wian. Lieut. Louis Zimmnerer. a Killed July 22. bIn command July 22 to 27. c Assigned. July 2. d Sick from July 15 to August 15. e Assigned to Third Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, August 22. f Wounded July 22. g Wounded July 28. h In command from May 20. Chiefs of corps artillery: Maj. Charles J. Stol~ brand (captured May 19), Maj. Allen C. Waterhouse, Maj. Thomas D. Maurice (assigned June 25) Page 104 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. MORGAN L. SMITH. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH A. J. LIGHTBURN. Brig. Gen. MORGAN L. SMITh. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH A. J. LIGHTBURN. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM B. HAzEN.a First Brigade. Brig. Gen. GILES A, SMITH.b Col. JAMES S. MARTIN. Col. THEODORE JONES.c 55th Illinois :d Lieut. Col. Theodore C. Chand- ler. Capt. Jacob M. Augustin.e Capt. Francis H. Shaw. Capt. Cyrus M. Browne. e 111th Illinois f Col. James S. Martin. Maj. William M. Mabry.g 116th Illinois: Lieut. Col. Anderson Froman.h Capt. Tholnas White.i Capt. John S. Windsor. 127th Illinois: Lieut. Col Frank S. Curtiss. Capt. Alexander C. Little. Lieut. Col. Frank S. Curtiss. Capt. Charles Schryver. 6th Missouri, Lieut. Col. Delos Van Deusen. 8th Missouri ~j Lieut. Col. David C. Coleman. Capt. Hugh Neill. Capt. John W. White. 30th Ohio,k Lieut. Col. George H. Hildt. 57th Ohio: Col. Americus V. Rice.l Lieut. Col. Samuel R. Mott. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH A. J. LIGHTBURN. Col. WELLS S. JONES. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH A. J. LIGHTBURN. Col. WELLS S. JONES. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH A. J. LIGHTBURN.m Col. WELLS S. JONES. 111th Illinois,n Col. James S. Martin. 83d Indiana: Col. Benjamin J. Spooner.l Capt. George H. Scott. Capt. Benjamin North. 30th Ohio,o Col. Theodore Jones. 37th Ohio :p Lieut. Col. Louis von Bles- singh.q Maj. Charles Hipp.r Capt. Carl Moritz. 47th Ohio: C?l. Augustus C. Parry. 1 Lleut. Col. John Wallace.s Maj. Thomas T. Taylor. 53d Ohio: t Col. Wells S. Jones. Lieut. Col. Robert A. Fulton. Col. Wells S. Jones. 54th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Robert Williams, Jr. Maj. Israel T. Moore. Artillery. Capt. FRANCIS DE GRESS.U 1st Illinois Light, Battery A: Capt. Peter P. Wood.v Lieut. George McCagg, jr. Lieut. Samuel S. Smyth.w Lieut. George Echte. 1st Illinois Light, Battery B, x Capt. Israel P. Rumsey. 1st Illinois Light, Battery H, Capt. Francis De Gress. a Assumed command August 17. b Assigned to Fourth Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, July 20. c Assumed command August 4. d Joined from veteran furlough June 16. e Killed June 27. f Transferred to Second Brigade August 4. g Wounded July 22. h Mortally wounded May 14. Killed May 26. j Four cornpauies relieved for muster-out June 10, and five companies June 25, Com- pany K remaining. kTra~ferred from Second Brigade August 4. 1 Wounded June 27. mWounded August 24. n Transferred from First Brigade August 4. o Joined from veteran furlough 22, and t~nsferred to First Brigade August 4. p Joined from veteran furlough May 10. q May 23. r Wounded July 28. s Captured July 22. t Transferred from Fourth Division May 12. u Chief of division arhillery from July 12. v Sick from May 10. w Assigned July 12 and captured July 22. x Consolidated with Battery A July 12. 104 [CHM~. L Page 105 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE mss. 105 THIRD DIVISION.a Brig. Gen. JOHN E. SMITH. Escort. 4th Missouri Cavalry, Company F, Lieut. Alexander Mueller. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. JESSE I. ALEXANDER.b Col. GREEN B. RAUM. Col. JOSEPH B. McCowN. 13th Illinois (detachment),c Lieut. Mark 63d Illinois: M. Evans. Col. Joseph B. MeCown. 56th Illinois, Lieut. Col. John P. Hall. Lieut. Col. James Isaminger. 17th Iowa, Col. Clark R. Wever. 48th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Edward J. 10th Missouri: Wood. Col. Francis C. Deimling. 59th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Jefferson K. Col. Joel W. Strong. Scott. 24th Missouri, Colnpany E,d Lieut. 4th Minnesota: Daniel Driscoll. Lieut. Col. John E. Tourtellotte. 80th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Pren Metham. Maj. James C. Edson. 18th Wisconsin, Lieuf Col. Charles H. Jackson. Third Brigade.e Brig. Gen. CHARLES L. MATTHIES.f Col. BENJAMIN D. DEAN.g Col. JABEZ BANBURY.h 93d Illinois: Lient. Col. Nicholas C. BusweLl.. Maj. James M. Fisher. 5th Iowa : i Col. Jabez Banbury. Lieut. Col. Ezekiel S. Sampson. 10th Iowa: Lieut. Col. Paris P. Henderson. Lieut. David H. Emry. 26th1 Missouri: Lieut. Col. John McFall. Col. Benjamin D. Dean. Lieut. Col. John McFall. Artillery. Capt. HENRY DILLON. Wisconsin Light, 6th Battery: Lieut. Samuel F. Clark. Lieut. James G. Simpson. Wisconsin Light, 12th Battery, Capt. William Zickerick1 Cavalry. 5th Ohio, Col. Thomas T. Heath. a At carversville and other points in the rear of the advancing army. 6 Resigned September 1. c Attached to 56th Illinois from June 11. d Attached to 10th Missouri. e Discontinued August, 1864, the 93d Illinois being transferred to the First Brigade and the 10th Iowa and 26th Missouri to the Second Brigade. f Assumed command of U. S. Forces at Decatur, Ala., May 13. gIn command May 15 to 31 and from July 25. h In command from June 1 to July 25. i Transferred to the Depart- ment of the Cumberland July 12 Page 106 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM HARROW. First Brigade. Col. REUBEN WILLIAMS. Col. JOHN M. OLIVER.a 26th Illinois,b Lieut. Col. Robert A. Gillinore. 48th Illinois,c Maj. Edward Adams. 90th Illinois: Lieut. Col. Owen Stuart.d Capt. Daniel OConnor. 12th Indiana: Lieut. Col. James Goodnow. Col. Reuben Williams. 99th Indiana :c Capt. Josiah Farrar. Lieut. Col. John M. Berkey. 100th Indiana,b Lieut. Col. Albert Heath. 15th Michigan,c Lieut. Col. Frederick S. Hutchinson. 70th Ohio : c Capt. Louis Love. Capt. Henry L. Philips.e Second Brigat. Brig. Gen. CHARLES C. WALCUTT. 40th Illinois : f Lieut. Col. Rigdon S. Barnhill.g Maj. Hiram W. Hall.h Capt. Michael Galvin. Capt. William Stewart.i 103d Illinois: Maj. Asias Willison.j Col. Willard A. Dickerman.k Lieut. Col. George W. Wright.l Capt. Franklin C. Post. 97th Indiana: Col. Robert F. Catterson.rn Lieut. Col. Aden G. Cavi:is. 6th Iowa: Lieut. Col. Alexander J. Miller.n Maj. Thomas J. Ennis.o Capt. William H. Clune.p Lieut. Col. Alexander J. Miller. 46th Ohio: Maj. Henry H. Giesy.q Capt. Joshua W. Heatli.r Lieut. Col. Isaac N. Alexander. Third Brigade.s 48th Illinois: Col. Lucien Greathouser Maj. Edward Adams. 99th Indiana: Col. Alexander Fowler.t Lieut. Col. John M. Berkey. Col. JOHN M. OLIVER. 15th Michigan: Lieut. Col. Austin E. Jaquith.u Lieht. Col. Frederick S. Hutchin- son. 53d Ohio,v Col. Wells S. Jones. 70th Ohio: Lieut. Col. De Witt C. Loudon. Maj. William B. Brown.w Capt. Louis Love. Artillery. Capt. HENRY H. GRIFFITHS. Maj. JOHN T. CHENEY.X Capt. HENRY H. GRIFFITHS.y Capt. JOSIAH H. BURTON. Iowa Light, 1st Battery: Lient. William H. Gay. Capt. Henry H. Griffiths. Lieut. William H. Gay. 1st Illinois Light, Battery F: Capt. Josiah H. Burton. Lieut. Jefferson F. Whaley.z Lient. George P. Cunningham. a In command from August 4. b Transferred to Second Brigade August 4. c Transferred from Third Brigade August 4. dSick from August 4. e In command from August 15. f Joined June 3. g Killed June 27. h Wounded July 28. i In command from August 12. j Wounded May 13. k Mor- tally wounded May 28. 1 Wounded June 27. rn Sick from June 25. n Wounded May 28. o Killed July 28. p In command June 29 to July 14 and July 28 to August 4. q Killed May 28. r Killed July 22. s Discontinued August 4 and troops transferred to First Brigade. t On leave from July 26 it Discharged June 5. v Transferred to Second Brigade, ~econd Division, May 12. w Killed August 3. rAssigued May 20. yRelieved for muster-out August .11. z Sick from August 21. 106 [C~tip. L Page 107 1~EPORTS, ETC.MIt. DIV. OF THE MISS. SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS (LEFT WING)~ Maj. Gen. GRENvILLE M. DODGE.a Brig. Gen. THOMAS E. G. RANSOM. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. 1st Alabama Cavalry :b Lieut. Col. George L. Godfrey. Col. George E. Spencer. 52d Illinois, Company A,c Capt. George E. Young. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SWEENY. Brig. Gen. ELLIOTT W. RIcE.d Brig. Gen. JOHN M. CoRsE.e F7rst Brigade. Brig. Gen. ELLIOTT W~ RIcE. 52d Illinois, Lieut. Col. Edwin Bowen. 66th Indiana: Lieut. Col. Roger Martin.f Maj. Thomas G. Morrison.g Capt. Alfred Morris. 2d Iowa: Col. James B. Weaver.h Lieut. Col. Noel B. Howard.i Maj. Mathew G. Hamill.j Capt. John A. Duckworth. 7th Iowa: Lieut. Col. James C. Parrott. Maj. James W. McMullin. Lieut. Col. James C. Parrott. Maj. James W. MCMullin. Capt. Samuel Mahon. A. Second Brigade. Col. PATRICK E. BURKE.1c Lieut. Col. ROBERT N. ADAMS. Col. AUGUST MERSY.l Lieut. Col. JESSE J. PHILLIPS. Col. ROBERT N. ADAMS. 9th Illinois (mounted)~ Lieut. Col. Jesse J. Phillips.m Maj. John H. Kuhn.n Capt. Samuel T. Hughes. 12th Illinois: Maj. James R. Hugunin. Lieut. Col. Henry Van Sellar.o 66th Illinois: Maj. Andrew K. Campbell. Capt. William S. Boyd.p 81st Ohio: Lieut. Col. Robert N. Adams. Maj. Frank Evans.q Lieut.NDol. Robert N. Adams. Capt. Noah Stoker. Capt. William Clay Henry. Third Brigade. r Col. MOSES M. BANE. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM VANDEVER. S Col. HENRY J. B. CUMMINGS. Col. RICHARD ROWETT.t 39th Iowa: Col. Henry J. B. Cummings. Lieut. Col. James Redfield. Col. Henry J. B. Cummings. J. Maj. Joseph M. Griffiths. Lient. Col. James Redfield. 7th Illinois:u Col. Richard Rowett. Lieut. Col. Hector Perrin. ;.~Oth Illinois, Maj. William Hanna. 57th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Frederick Hurlbut. Artillery.v Capt. FREDERICK WELKER. 1st Michigan Light, Battery B,r Capt. Albert F. R. Arndt. 1st Missouri Light, Battery H, Lieut. Andrew T. Blodgett. 1st Missouri Light, Battery I,w Lieut. John F. Brunner. a Wounded August 19. b At Rome from June 24. c At corps headquarters from August 8. d As- sumed command July 25. e In command from July 26. f Sick from July 23. g Sick from August 24. h Relieved for muster-out May 21. i sounded July 22. j Wounded August 30. k Mortally wounded May 16. 1 In command May 23 to July 24. rn Wounded May 9. a Relieved for muster-out July 26. o In command from May 23. p In command from May 14. q In command May 16 to 23. r At Rome from May 22. s In command June 20 to August 2. t In command from August 15. u Joined July 5 r Maj. William H. Ross, chief of corps artillery. w Relieved for muster-out May 22. CHAP. L.j 10 Page 108 108 THE ATLANTA CAMI~AIGN. FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES C. VEATCH.a Brig. Gen. JOHN W. FULLER. Brig. Gen. THOMAS E. G. RANSOM.6 Brig. Gen. JOHN W. FULLER. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. FULLER. Col. JOHN MORRILL.C Lieut. Col. HENRY T. MCDOWELL. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. FULLER. Lieut. Col. HENRY T. MCDOWELL. 64th Illinois: Col. John Morrill. Lieut. Col. Michael W. Manning. 18th Missouri: Lieut. Col. Charles S. Sheldon.d Maj. William H. Minter. 27th Ohio, Lieut. Col. MePdal Churchill. 39th Ohio Col. Edward F. Noyes.e Lieut. Col. Henry T. McDowell. Maj. John S. Jenkins. Lieut. Col. Henry T. McDowell. Maj. John S. Jenkins. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. SPRAGUE. 35th New Jersey: Capt. Charles A. Angel. Col. John J. Cladek.f Lient. Col. William A. Henry. 43d Ohio, Col. Wager Swayne. 63d Ohio: Lieut. Col. Charles E. Brown.c Maj. John W. Fouts. 25th Wisconsin: Col. Milton Montgomery.c Lieut. Col. Jeremiah M. Rusk. Third Brigade.g Col. JAMES H. HOWE. Col. WILLIAM T. C. GROWER.h Col. JOHN TILLSON. i 10th Illinoisj Capt. George C. Lusk. 25th Indiana: Lieut. Col. John Rheinlander. Capt. James S. Wright. 17th New York,k Maj. Joel 0. Martin. 32d Wisconsin, Col. Charles H. De Groat. Artillery. Capt. JEROME B. BURROWS. Capt. GEORGE RonINSoN. 1 1st Michigan Light, Battery C: Capt. George Rohinson. Lieut. Henry Shier. Ohio Light, 14th Battery. Capt. Jerome B. Burrows. Lieut. Seth M. Laird.m Lieut. George Hurlhut. 2d United States, Battery F: Lieut. Albert M. Murray. Lieut. Joseph C. Breckinridge.n Lieut. Lemuel Smith. Lieut. Rezin G. Howell. [Cais. L a Sick from July 17. b In command August 4 to 20. c Wounded July 22. d Sick from August 18. e Wounded July 4. f In command May 11 to August 22. g At Decatur, Ala.; joined army at Atlanta August 7. hln command from July 21. ila command from August 20. jAssigned August 20. is Transferred to Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, August 20. 1 Assigned July 3. rn In com- mand June 29 to August 17. n Captured July 22 Page 109 REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. SEVENTEENTH ARMY CORPS.a Maj. Gen. FRANK P. BLAIR, Jr. ESCORT. 1st Ohio Cavalry, Company M,b Lieut. Charles H. Shultz. 9th Illinois (mounted infantry), Company G,c Capt. Isaac Clements. 11th Illinois Cavalry, Company G,d Capt. Stephen S. Tripp. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. MORTIMER P. LEGGETT.C Brig. Gen. CHARLES R. WooDs. Escort: 1st Ohio Cavalry, Company D,b Lieut. James W. Kirkendall. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. MANNING F. FoRcE.f Col. GEORGE E. BRYANT. 20th Illinois :g Lieut. Col. Daniel Bradley. Maj. George W. Kennard.h Capt. John H. Austin. 30th Illinois: Col. Warren Shedd.i Lient. Col. William C. Rhoads. Capt. John L. Nichols. 31st Illinois Col. Edwin S. McCook.j Lieut. Col. Robert N. Pearson. Capt. Simpson S. Stricklin. 45th Illinois,k Lient. Col. Robert P. SeaLy. 12th Wisconsin :1 Col. George E. Bryant. Lieut. Col. James K. Proudfit. 16th Wisconsin: Col. Cassius Fairchild. Maj. William F. Dawes. Second Brigade. Col. ROBERT K. ScoTT.i Lieut. Col. GREENBERRY F. WILES. 20th Ohio: Lieut. Col. John C. Fry.f Maj. Francis M. Shaklee.m 32d Ohio,n Col. Benjamin F. Potts. 68th Ohio, Lieut. Col. George E. Welles.f 78th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Greenberry F. Wiles. Maj. John T. Rainey. Third Brigade. Col. ADAM G. MALLOY. 17th Wisconsin: Licut. Col. Thomas McMahon. Maj. Donald D. Scott.o Wordens battalion,p Maj. Asa Worden. Artillery.q Capt. WILLIAM S. WILLIAMS. 1st Illinois Light, Battery D, Capt. Edgar H. Cooper. 1st Michigan Light, Battery H: Capt. Marcus D. Elliott. Lient. William Justin. Ohio Light, 3d Battery, Lieut. John Sullivan. a Joined the army in Georgia June 5. 5 Relieved June 15. c Relieved July 24. 4 Assigned August 11. e Sick from August 23. f Wounded July 22. g Detailed as division provost guard July 24. h In com- mand July 24 to 31. i Captured July 22. j Sick from June 27. k At Etowah bridge. 1 Transferred from Fourth Division July 10. m In command from August 10. a Transferred to Fourth Division July 10. o In command from August 24. p Detachments 14th Wisconsin and 81st and 95th Illinois. ~ Chiefs of corps artillery: Maj. Thomas D. Maurice, to June 26; Lient. Col. Albert M. Powell, Mad. John T. Cheney, Capt. Edward Spear, jr. C.~Ar. L.] 10 Page 110 110 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca~p. L. FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. WALTER Q. GRESHAM.a Col. WILLIAM HALL. Brig. Gen. GILES A. SMITH.b Escort. 11th Illinois Cavalry, Company G,c Capt. Stephen S. Tripp. First Brigade. Second Brigade.?n Col. WILLIAM L. SANDERSON. Col. GEORGE C. ROGERS. Col. BENJAMIN F. PoTTs.d Col. ISAAC C. PUGH.n Col. JOHN LOGAN. 32d Illinois,e Col. John Logan. 53d Illinois, f Lieut. Col. John W. Mc- 14th Illinois,o Capt. Carlos C. Cox. Clanahan. 15th Illinois,o Maj. Rnfus C. McEathron. 23d Indiana: 32d Illinois,p Licut. Col. George H. Eng- Lieut. Col. William P. Davis. lish. Lieut. Col. George S. Babbitt.g 41st Illinois,q Maj. Robert H. McFadden. 53d Indiana: 53d Illinois,r Lieut. Col. John W. Mc- Lent. Col. William Jones.h Clanahan. Maj. Warner L. Vestal.i Capt. George H. Beers. 3d Iowa (three companies) :j Capt. Daniel MoLennan. Capt. Pleasant T. Mathes.h Lieut. Lewis T. Linnell. Lieut. D. W. Wilson. 32d Ohio:k Capt. William M. Morris. Lieut. Col. Jeff. J. Hibbets. 12th Wisconsin,l Col. George E. Bryant. Third Brigade. Col. WILLIAM HALL. Col. JOHN SHANE.5 Col. WILLIAM HALL. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM W. BELKNAP.t 11th Iowa, Lient. Col. John C. Aber- 15th Iowa: crombie. Col. William W. Belknap. 13th Iowa: Maj. George Pomutz. Col. John Shane. 16th Iowa: Maj. William A. Walker.s Lient. Col. Addison H. Sanders.u Col. John Shane. Capt. Crandall W. Williams. Artillery. Capt. EDWARD SPEAR, jr.v Capt. WILLIAM Z. CLAYTON. 2d Illinois Light, Battery F :w Lieut. Walter H. Powell.u Lient. George R. Richardson. Lieut. Wendolin Meyer.x Minnesota Light, 1st Battery: Capt. William Z. Clayton. Lient. Henry hurter. 1st Missouri Light, Battery C,y Capt. John L. Matthaei. Ohio Light, 10th Battery,z Capt. Francis Seaman. Ohio Light. 15th Battery, Lient. James Burdick. a wounded July i~0. b Assigned July 21. c Transferred to corps headquarters August 11. dIn com- mand from July 18. eTr~nsferred to Second Brigade July 18. f Transferred from Second Brigade July 18. gIn command from August 1. h Killed July 22. i Wounded July 22. j At Etowah bridge to July 17. kTransferred from Third Division July 18. 1 Transferred to Third Division July 10. mAt Allatoona June 5 to July 13, and at Kenesaw, Acwortb, & c., to end of campaign. a In command July 5 to 19. o Consolidated July 5 into veteran battalion, under Col. G. C. Rogers. p Transferred from First Brigade July 18. q Joined July 5, and subsequently consolidated into battalion of two compa- nies. r Transferred to First Brigade July 18. s Temporarily July 21. tIn command from July 31 u Captured July 22. r Transferred to Third Division August 25. sv At Allatoona June 5 to July 11. x In command from July 29. y At Allatoona and Keuesaw. z At Kenesaw from July 11 Page 111 111 C~is. L] REPORTS, ETC.M IL. DIV. OF THE MISS. ARMY OF THE OHIO (TWENTY-THIRD ARMY CORPS). Maj. Gen. JOHN M. SCHOFIELD. Brig. Gen. JACOB D. Cox.a Maj. Gen. JOHN M. SCHOFIELD. ESCORT. 7th Ohio Cavalry, Company G, Capt. John A. Ashbury. ENGINEER BATTALION.b Capt. CHARLES E. MCALESTER. Capt. OLIVER S. MCCLIJRE.C FIRST DIVISION.d - Brig. Gen. ALVIN P. HOVEY.e First Brigade.f Col. RICHARD F. BARTER. 120th Indiana, g Lieut. Col. Allen W. Prather. 124th Indiana: h Col. James Burgess.i Col. John M. Orr. 128th Indiana : g Col. Richard P. De Hart.j Lieut. Col. Jasper Packard. Second Brigade.k Col. JOHN C. MCQUISTON. Col. PETER T. SWAINE.C 123d Indiana :1 Lieut. Col. William A. Cullen. Col. John C. McQuiston. 129th Indiana : m Col. Charles Case.n Col. Charles A. Zollinger. 130th Indiana,o Col. Charles S. Parrish. 99th Ohio,p Lieut. Col. John E. Cummins. Artillery. Indiana Light, 23d Battery : q Lieut. Luther S. Houghton. Lieut. Aaron A. Wilber. Indiana Light, 24th Battery,r Capt. Alexander Hardy. a In command May 26 and 27. b Composed of details from infantry regiments. cln command from June 23. d Discontinued August 11; troops assigned to Second and Third Divisions. eOn leave from June 9; troops temporarily assigned to Second and Third Divisions. f Temporarily assigned to Third Division June 9 to August 11; sometimes designated as Fourth Brigade, Third Division. gTransferred to Third Brigade, Third Division, August 11. h Transferred to Second Brigade, Third Division, August Ii. i Sick from June 10. j Wounded June 7. k Temporarily assigued to Second Division June 9 to August 11; also known as Fourth Brigade, Secof~d Division. 1 Transferred to Third Brigade, Second Division, August 11. mTransferred to Second Brigade, Second Division, August 11. aResigued June 15. o Transferred to First Brigade, Second Division, August 11. p Assigned June 22; trans- ferred to First Brigade, Second Division, August 11. q Temporarily attached to Third Division June 10; assigned thereto August 11. rTemporarily attached to Second Division June 10 and assigued to Cavalry Division July 6 Page 112 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. HENRY M. Jt~DAH.a Brig. Gen. MILO S. HASCALL. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. NATHANIEL C. MCLEAN. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH A. COOPER.b 80th Indiana : c Lieut. Col. Alfred D. Owen.d Maj. John W. Tucker. 91st Indiana e Lieut. Col. Charles H. Butterfield. Col. John Mehringer. 13th Kentucky,e Col. William E. Hob- son. 25th Michigan: Lieut. Col. Benjamin F. Orcutt.f Capt. Samuel L. Demarest. Capt. Edwin Childs.g 45th Ohio:h Col. Benjamin P. Runkle.i Lient. Col. Charles H. Butterfield. 3d Tennessee: Col. William Cross. Maj. R. H.Dunn. Col. William Cross. Maj. R.H. Dunn. 6th Tennessee: Col. Joseph A. Cooper. Lieut. Col. Edward Maynard.j Capt. Marcus D. Bearden.k Capt. William Atismus. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. MiLo S. HASCALL.1 Col. JOHN R. BOND.rn Col. WILLIAM B. HOBSON. Col. JOHN R. BOND.U 107th Illinois: Maj. Uriah M. Laurance. Lieut. Col. Francis H. Lowry.o 80th Indiana :p Lieut. Col. Alfred D. Owen. Maj. John W. Tucker. Capt. Jacob Ragle.q Maj. John W. Tucker. 13th Kentucky :p Col. William E. Hobson. Lieut. Col. Benjamin P. Estes. 23d Michigan : r Licut. Col. Oliver L. Spaulding. Maj. William W. Wheeler. 45th Ohio,s Col. Benjamin P. Runkle. 111th Ohio: Col. John R. Bond. Lieut. Col. Isaac R. Sherwood. 118th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Thomas L. Young.m Capt. Edgar Sowers. Capt. William Kennedy. Capt. Rudolph Reul. Capt. Edgar Sowers. Third Brigade.t Col. SILAS A. STRICKLAND. 14th Kentucky,u Col. George W. Gallup. 20th Kentucky, Lieut. Col. Thomas B. Waller. 27th Kentucky: Lieut. Col. John H. Wi~rd. Capt. Andrew J. Bailey.v 50th Ohio: Lieut. Col. George R. Elstner.w Maj. Hamilton S. Gillespie. Artillery. Capt. JOSEPH C. SHIELDS. Indiana Light, 22d Battery :x Capt. Benjamin F. Denning.y Lieut. Edward W. Nicholson. 1st Michigan Light. Battery F: Capt. Byron D. Paddock. Lieut. Marshall M. Miller. Ohio Light, 19th Battery, Capt. Joseph C. Shields. a On leave from May 18. b In command from June 4. c Transferred to Second Brigade June 8. d Sick from May 23. e Assigned June 4; transferred to Third Brigade, Second Division, August II. f Sick from July 10. gIn command from August 18. h Temporarily attached June 8 and transferred to First Division, Fourth Army Corps, June 22. iOn leave from June 10. j Sick from June 22. kWounded July 1. 1 Transferred to S econd Brigade, Third Division, May 16. rn Sick from June 18. n In command from August 15. o In commadd from May 28. p Transferred from First Brigade June 8. In command August 1 to 12. r Provost guard at corps headquarters July 11 to August 16. sJoined May 11 and transferred to First Brigade June 8. t Joined army May 28 and designated as Provisional Brigade to June 8. uTransferred to First Brigade, Second Division, August 11. yIn com- mand from August 16. w Killed August 8. x Joined June 29. yMortally wounded July 1. 112 [CHAP. L Page 113 REPORTS, ETC.-MLL. DIV. OF THE Miss. TIllED DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JACOB D. Cox. Col. JAMES W. REILLY.a Brig. Gen. JACOB D. Cox. First Brigade. Col. JAMES W. REILLY. Col. JAMES W. GAULT. Brig. Gen. JAMES W. REILLY. 112th Illinois :b Col. Thomas J. Henderson.c Lieut. Col. Emery S. Bond.d Maj. Tristram T. Dow. Col. Thomas J. Henderson. Maj. Tristram T. Dow. 16th Kentucky: Col. James W. Gault. Maj. John S. White. Col. James W. Gault.e Maj. John S. White.f Capt. Jacob Miller. Maj. John S. White. 100th Ohio: Col. Patrick S.Slevin.d Capt. Frank Rundell. 104th Ohio: Col. Oscar W. Steri. 8th Tennessee: Col. Felix A. Reeve. Maj. William J. Jordan. Capt. Robert A. Ragan. Capt. James W. Berry. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. MAHLON D. MANSON.C Col. JOHN S. HURT. g Brig. Gen. MILO S. HASCALL.h Col. JOHN S. HURT.g Col. JOHN S. CASEMENT. i Col. DANIEL CAMERON.j Col. JOHN S. CASEMENT. 65th Illinois, Ic Lieut. Col. William S. Stewart. 63d Indiana:l Col. Israel N. Stiles. Lieut. Col Daniel Morris. 65th Indiana: Lieut. Col. Thomas Johnson. Capt.Walter G. Hodge. Capt. William F. StillwelI. Capt. Edward A. Baker. 24th Kentucky: Col. John S. Hurt. Lieut. Col. Lafayette North. Col. John S. Hurt. 103d Ohio: Capt. William W. Hutchinson.rn Capt. Philip C. Hayes.n Lieut. Col. James T. Sterling. Col. John S. Casement. Capt. Philip C. Hayes. 5th Tennessee :0 Col. James T. Shelley.p Maj. David G. Bowers. Third Brigade.q Brig. Gen. NATHANIEL C. MCLEAN.r Col. ROBERT K. BYRD. Col. ISRAEL N. STILES. 11th Kentucky :s Col. S. Palace Love. Lieut. Col. Erasmus L. Mottley. Col. S. Palace Love. - 12th Kentucky,s Lieut. Col. Laurence H. Rousseau. 1st Tennessee zt Col. Robert K. Byrd. Lieut. Col. John Ellis. 5th Tenncssee,u Col. James T. Shelley. Dismounted Cavalry Brigade.v Col. EUGENE W. CRITTENDEN. 16th Illinois, Capt. Hiram S. Ilanchett. 12th Kentucky: Lieut. Col. James T. Bramlette. Maj. James B. Harrison. a In command May 26 and 27. 5 Joined May 11; transferred to Third Brigade, Third Division, August 11. c Wounded May 14. d Wounded August 6. e Sick from May 29. f Sick from July 14. gIn command May 14 to 16 and May 18 to 21. h In command May 17 and 18; assigned to Second Di- vision May 18. un command May 21 to June 4. jln command June 4 to July 31. kJoined from vet- eran furlough June 4. lTransferred to Third Brigade, Third Division, August 11. mKilled May 14. a In command May14 to 21. o Transferred to Third Brigade June 5. p Resigned July 22. q Organ- ized June 5. r Transferred to District of Kentucky June 17. s Transferred to First Brigade, Third Division, August 11. t Relieved for muster-out August 11. u Detached from August 11. v Assigned June 21; transferred to Cavalry Division August 22. ~ R R-YOL XXXVIII, PT I CHAP. L.] 11 Page 114 114 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ciui. L. Artillery. Maj. HENRY W. WELLS. Indiana Light, 15th Battery, Capt. Alonzo D. Harvey. 1st Ohio Light, Battery D, Capt. Giles J. Cockerill. CAVALRY.a Maj. Gen. GEORGE STONEMAN.b Col. HORACE CAPRON.C ESCORT. 7th Ohio, Company D: Lieut. Samuel Murphy. Lieut. Washington W. Manning. First Brigade.d Col. ISRAEL GARRARD. 9th Michigan, Col. George S. ACker. 7th Ohio, Lieut. Col. George G. Miner. Second Brigade.e Col. JAMES BIDDLE. Col. THOMAS H. BUTLER. Col. JAMES BIDDLE.b 16th Illinois,f Capt. Hiram S. Hanchett. 5th Indiana: Col. Thomas H. Butler.b Maj. Moses D. Leeson. 6th Indiana: Lieut. Col. Courtland C. Matson.g Maj. William W. Carter. 12th Kentucky:f Col. Eugene W. Crittenden. Maj. James B. Harrison. Third Brigade.h Col. HORACE CAPR9N. 14th Illinois, Lieut. Col. David P. Jenkins. 8th Michigan: Lieut. Col. Elisha Mix.b Maj. William L. Buck.g Maj. Edward Coates. McLaughlins Ohio Squadron, Maj. Richard Rice. Independent Brigade. Col. ALEXANDER W. HOLEMAN. Lieut. Col. SILAS ADAMS. 1st Kentucky, Lieut. Col. Silas Adams. 11th Kentucky, Lient. Col. Archibald J. Alexander. Artillery. i 24th Indiana Battery: Capt. Alexander Hardy.b Licut. Hiram Allen. a Reorganized August 11, with Col. Israel Garrard as division commander and formed into two origades. The Mounted Brigade was commanded hy Col. George S. Acker, except from August 16 to 23, when Col. William D. Hamilton was in command. It consisted of the 9th Michigan, Lieut. Col. William B. Way; 7th Ohio, Lieut. Col. George C. Miner; detachment 9th Ohio, Capt. Lewis H. Bowlus; McLaughlins (Ohio) squadron, Maj. Richard Rice, and the 24th Indiana Battery, Lieut. Hiram Allen. The Dismounted Brigade, commanded hy Col. Horade Capron, was composed of the 14th and 16th Illinois, 5th and 6th Indiana, and 12th Kentucky. The 16th Illinois was detached as provost guard Twenty-third Army Corps from August 16, and 12th Kentucky as cattle guard from August 21. The 6th Indiana, under Maj. William W. Carter, was ordered to Nashville for remount August 23. 6 Captured July 31. c In command from August 1. d Joined army in the field July 27. eDesignated as the First Brigade until July 31. f Assigned to Third Division, Twenty-third Corps, June 21. ~Captured August 3. hJoined army in the field ,Jiine 26. (Assigned July 6 Page 115 REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DLV. OF THE MISS. 115 ADD ENDA. Abstract from returns showing the effective strength of the army in the field under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, during the campaign against Atlanta, Ga., 1864.* APRIL 30. Command. ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. Fcurth Army Corps Fourteenth Army Corps Twentieth Army Corps Garrards cavalry division McCooks cavalry division Kilpatrick~s cavalry division Total .. ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. Fifteenth Army Corps Sixteenth Army Corps (Left Wing) Seventeenth Army Corps Total ARMY OF THE OHIO. Twenty-third Army Corps Stonemans cavalry Total Aggregate Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Officers. Men. Officers. Men. Officers. Men. 1,076 18,816 13 633 936 20,940 23 797 895 18,898 62 22 1343 162 4,500 3 133 118 2,224 3 81 69 1,690 2,907 58,654 350 8,476 64 2,487 599 10,913 23 288 23 671 443 10.353 19 348 16 684 1,042 21,266 42 636 39 1,355. :349 8,913 17 575 148 2,803 349 8,913 148 2,803 17 575 4,298 88,833 540 11,915 120 4,417 MAY 31. ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. F~ourth Army Corps Fourteenth Army Corps Twentieth Army Corps Garrards cavalry division McCooks cavalry division Kilpatricks cavalry division Total ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. Fifteenth Army Corps Sixteenth Army Corps Ibeft Wing) Seventeenth Army Corps Total ARMY OF THE OmO. Twenty-third Army Corps Stonemans cavalry Total Aggregate 999 1,007 808 15,453 21,618 15,071 200 152 89 4,822 2,570 1,678 21 21 25 3 3 5 754 802 826 130 79 117 2,814 52,142 444 9,138 78 2,708 636 11,044 ... 25 792 408 9,035 6 22 12 540 387 8,380 4 83 17 904 1,431 28,477 30 405 54 2,236 400 9,040 20 505 133 2,753 406 9040 138 2,753 20 505 4,651 89,659 612 12,296 152 5,449 JUNE 30. ARMY OF THE cUMBERLAND. Fourth Army (orps 878 13,338 16 724 Fourteenth Army Corps 906 17,900 .. 21 780 Twentieth Army Corps 734 13,057 68 24 786 Garrard~s cavalry division 180 4,047 3 122 McCooks cavalry division 161 2,169 3 75 Kilpatricks cavalry division 128 2,483 4 102 Total 2,518 44,286 I 472 8,767 71 ~ ~ Compiled majllly from tri-lnonthly returns. CHAP. L. Page 116 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Effective strength of the army under Maj. Gen. 1 T. Sherman, & e.Continued. JUNE 30Continued. Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Command. -___ . _____ --___ Officers. Men. Officers. Men. Officers. Men. ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. Fifteenth Army Corps 612 10,396 ... 23 757 Sixteenth Army Corps (Left Wing) 441 9,625 38 16 620 Seventeenth Army Corps 380 7,812 9 93 23 947 Thtal 1,433 27,833 13 329 62 2,324 ARMY OF THE OHIO. Twenty.third Army Corps 498 31, 509 24 875 Stonemans cavalry ... . . .~, g30 Total 498 11,509 328 2,530~ 24 875 Aggregate 4,449 83,637 613 11,426 157 5,788 JULY 31. ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. Fourth Army Corps 827 11,837 20 835 Fourteenth Army Corps 847 16,441 19 707 Twentieth Army Corps 645 31, 112 3 40 27 751 Garrards cavalry division 179 3,699 3 In McCook~s cavalry division 120 1,634 ~3 60 Kilpatrick~s cavalry division 144 2,366 4 104 Total 2,339 39,390 446 7, 7;39 76 2,568 ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. Fifteenth Army Corps 508 8,033 . 14 578 Sixteenth Army Corps (Left Wing) 402 8,111 29 370 11 422 Seventeenth Army Corps 280 5,541 5 29 22 923 Total 1,190 21,68.5 47 1,923 ARMY OF THE OHIO. Twenty.third Army Corps 490 10,185 25 860 Stoneinans cavalry i,803 Total 490 10,585 96 1,803 25 860 Aggregate 3,999 71,660 576 9,941 148 5,351 AUGUST 31. ARMY OF THE cUMBERLAND. Fourth Army Corps 736 10,678 22 682 Fourteenth Army Corps 720 13,733 ... 22 774 Twentieth Army Corps 649 30,955 35 31 740 Garrards cavalry division 166 2,931 3 104 McCooks cavafry division 132 1,720 3 73 Kilpatricks cavalry division 166 2,268 4 88 Total 2,105 35,366 467 6,934 85 2,461 ARMY OF THE TEN~E55EE. Fifteenth Army Corps 523 7,691 ... 9 447 Sixteenth Army Corps (Left Wing) 322 7,054 27 31 401 Seventeenth Army Corps 225 4,962 4 23 16 705 Total 1,070 19,707 7 50 36 1,553 ARMY OF THE OHIO. Twenty~third Army Corps 407 9,019 15 540 Stonemans cavalry 101 1,835 I ~ Total 9,019 101 1,835 15 540 Aggregate 3,582 64,092 575 8,819 136 4,554 11 Page 117 CHAP. L) REPORTS, ~ DIV. OF THE MISS. 117 Effective strength of the army under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, & c.Continued. RECAPITULATION. Arm April 30. May 31. June 30. July 31. I August31. Infantry 93. 131 94,310 88,086 75,659 67,674 Cavalry 12,455 12,908 12,039 10,517 9,394 Artillery 4,537 5,601 5,945 5,499 4,690 Aggregate 110,123 112,819 106,070 91,675 81,758 No. 3. Reports of Lieut. Gol. Edward D. Kittoe, U. S. Army, Medical In spector. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississippi, In the Field, Big Shanty, Juiie 11, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report & f wounded since the commenCement of operations at Tunnel Hill, Ga., up to the present date Wounded. Department of the Cumberland 5,069 Department of the Tennessee 562 Department of the Ohio 330 Total 5,961 I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWD. D. KITTOE, iliedical Inspector, U. S. Army. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Oomdg. Military Division of the Mississippi. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississi~~i Atlanta, Ga., September 10, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that during the recent cam- paign resulting in the capture of Atlanta, the health of the troops has been remarkably good. This is a noteworthy fact, when the severe labor and privations endured by most of your army during the ai4umn and part of the winter are taken into consideration. For more than four months on short rations, but poorly housed and badly clothed, with no appreciable variation in diet, scurvy naturally pre- vailed to some extent in most regiments; in all a marked tendency to this disease was observable, and at one time apprehensions were felt that very serious loss would occur from this cause. The symp- toms were much abated and modified by the abundant supply of blackberries and green corn which the men obtained on their march, yet there are still remnants of the disease, and great care should be exercised to eradicate it by improved and more varied diet Page 118 118 THE ATLANTA CA~iPAIGN. [CHA1~. L The numerical force of the army was materially reduced at the very commencement of operations by the necessity of getting rid of a large number of worthless recruits and substitutes that had been sent to the army during the winter. Our loss by death from disease and wounds has been small considering the extended time of the campaign and the severe fighting that has occurred almost daily for four months. The recoveries from wounds have been rapid and favorable, and the number returned to duty has been greater than usual. Field hospitals have been promptly established and well supplied and attended. The ambulance service has been well rendered, although not as perfect as it would have been. had the system directed by General Orders, No. 106,* been carried out and enforced, yet it has been more prompt and efficient than in any former campaign in which I have had the honor to serve. The wounded have been brought from the field quickly and carefully, and instances of neglect have been of rare occurrence. Medical officers have been attentive and untiring in the discharge of their duties, and not a few have lost their lives from disease contracted in the line of their duty, and some from the shot of the enemy. I am prond to bear witness to the general good conduct and faith- ful service of the members of the medical staff. The system Qf medi- cal supply trains has been tried during this campaign, and has proved eminently useful, and demonstrated the fact that the different de- partments when properly administered are able to supply the wants of an army even under adverse circumstances without any extrane- ous agencies. In fine, the operations of the medical department~ during the campaign have been highly satisfactory so far as I~ have been able to observe. It has not been possible to make any regular or systematic inspec- tions while the army has been in such constant motion, but an oppor- tunity is now afforded for a thorough performance of that duty. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWD. D. KITTOE, Medical Inspector U. S. Army. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, U. S. Army, Comdg. Military Division of the Mississippi [IndorsemenL] HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississippi, Atlanta, Ga., September 12, 1864. This report has been examined, and I take pleasure in bearing tes- timony to the general intelligence and good conduct of our medical officers, and the foresight displayed in providing for the necessities of service. The commissary department is instructed to provide all the antiscorbutics for which we have the means of transportation. This report will be forwarded to the War Department, along with my official report of the campaign~of Atlanta. W. T. SHERMAN, illojor- General, Commanding. * Reference is to General Orders, No. 106, War Department, Adjutant-Generals Office, March 16, 1864, publishing an Act of Congress to establish a uniform system of ambulances in the armies of the United States Page 119 CHAR LI 1~EPORrS, tTC.MIL. IMV. O1~ TilE MISS. 119 ~Inclosure.1 Tabtdar statement of sick and wounded in the Military Division of the Missi~- szppz for the period embraced between May 1 and September 6, 1864. Received In ~ Died from hospital. 0 _____ a Command. ~ Total. ~ a 0 ~ 0 a ~ ~ .3 0 Army of the Cumberland: Fourth Army Corps 13,456 5,882 19,308 8,716 10,301 17 416 Fourteenth Army Corps 7,461 3,973 11,434 7,196 3,031 88 250 Twentieth Army Corps 15,611 5,375 20,986 8,756 11, 106 63 374 Cavalry 6,625 359 6,984 1,516 5,425 39 97 Army of the Tennessee: Fifteenth Army Corps 3,346 3,312 6,658 5,062 928 44 251 Sixteenth Army Corps 4,233 1,203 5,436 2,515 2,434 24 181 SeventeenthArmyCorps 1,485 1,483 2,968 1,887 8(12 38 181 Army of the Ohio: Twenty-third Army Corps 6,146 4,656 1,288 107 38 Total 52,217 19,557 79,920 40,304 32,675 420 1,718 The report from the Army of the Cumberland is made up from the morning reports, and is as near correct as can be given. The report from the Sixteenth Army Corps only includes the time from June 26. The number of wounded in this Campaign is 1,727. The Seventeenth Army Corps joined, the expedition June 8, 11864. The report of the Twenty-third Army Corps commences with June 1, the records of sick and wounded of th5 Army of the Ohio not having been kept before. The entire statement is as close an approximation to the actual state of th~ army as can at this time be given. The total number of sick and wounded received in hospital is 79,920; the number re- turned to duty, 32,675, showing a loss of 47,245. Of this number a large proportion are yet in hospitals to the rear, numbers of whom are daily returning to duty. The number of deaths from disease and from wounds shown on this report is the number which occurred at the front in field hos- pitals. In some of the corps only severe wounds are reported ;- in others every wound, however slight, was recor(led; so also in the case of deaths from wounds; in some, all brought to 11o~pital who died on the way, were recorded as dying in hospital, while in other cases they were reported among those killed in battle, and did not appear on the hospital record. This explanation will in a measure account for the apparent disproportion between some of the corps. EDWD. D. KJTTOE, Medical Inspector, U. S. Army. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Comdg. Military Division of the Mississippi. No.4. Report of Brig. Gen. William F. Barry, U. S. Army, Chief of Ar.. tillery. ARTY. HDQRs., MIL. Div. 011 THE Mississippi, Atlanta, Ga., September 10, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to make the following report of the artillery of th~ active armies of the Military Division of the Missi Page 120 120 THE ATLANTA CAMPAiGN. (Ca~p. L. sippi for the campaign in Northern Georgia during the summer of 1864, which resulted in the capture of Atlanta: On the 20th of March, 1864, the date of my appointment as chief of artillery of your army, the field artillery of the four separate armies, which at that time composed your command, consisted of 16,~50 men (effective), 530 guns, 4,300 horses, and 987 mules. The proportion of artillery to the aggregate infantry and cavalry force was about three ~guns to 1,000 mei~. The guns were of varied pat- terns, twelve different calibers being at that time in actual use. The severity of the campaigns of the previous autumn and winter had also reduced the number of draft animals much below what was nec- essary. Believing that the character of the country and of your proposed operations, as well as the veteran condition of your troops, would justify a material reduction in the number of guns, and convinced that efficiency and facility of service and supply demanded a reduc- tion of the number of calibers, I submitted both questions to your comi- sideration. You approved of my recommendation that the propor- tion of artillery to the other two arms should not exceed two guns Per 1,000 men, and that the number of calibers should be reduced to our. Immediate measures were taken to carry out these views. Horses and mules in sufficient numbers were provided and distrib- uted; the proportion of artillery was reduced to rather less thami two guns per 1,000 men, and all the odd or unnecessary calibers were eliminated by being either turned into arsenals or placed in the depots or other fortified posts in our rear, where they were used as guns of position. Written instructions and printed general orders were prepared and issued, the latter in such numbers that every officer and ser- geant was supplied with a cojpy, and by the 1st of May, when tIme campaign commenced, the fie d artillery of your armies, in equip- ment, outfit, and general supply and condition, was well provided, and in all respects ready for the rough and active service to which it was subsequently subjected. To Brigadier-General Brannan, Colonel Taylor, and Brigadier- General Tillson (the latter succeeded about the commencement of th~ campaign by Lieutenant-Colonel Schofield), the respective chiefs of artillery of the Armies of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Ohio, much eredit is due for the intelligence, energy, and zeal displayed in perfecting the preparatory arrangements and in the work of re- organizing find refitting their field batteries generally. Brigadier- General Brannan had nearly completed his share of the labor when I entered upon my duties. The entire artillery force that took the field with the active por- tion of your forces in Northern Georgia, on the 5th of May, 1864, was as follows: Army. Batteries. Officers. Men. Guns. Horses. Army of the cumberland 24 ~ 3,120 130 2,380 Army of the Tennessee 19 60 2,215 96 1,758 Army of the Ohio 7 23 790 28 530 Total 50 167 6,123 254 4,668 These batteries were efficiently horsed and well supplied with cais- sons, battery wagons, and traveling forges, and rarely had at an Page 121 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 121 time on hand a less amount of ammunition than 400 rounds per gun. Great credit is due to Capt. T. G. Baylor, the chief ordnance offi- cer of the military division, for the promptness and energy with which he kept well at the front, even under the occasionally adverse circumstances of interrupted communications and unexpectedly large expenditures, an abundant supply of serviceable ammunition and ordnance stores. A reserve artillery force was organized for each of the three armies. This consisted of twelve batteries for the Army of the Cum- berland, four batteries for the Army of the Tennessee, and two bat- teries for the Army of the Ohio. As it was not yQur wish that the reserve artillery should either accompany or follow the field movements of your active forces, I directed the reserve batteries of the Armies of the Cumberland and Tennessee to be posted at Nashville, and those of the Army of the Ohio at Chattanooga. Instructions were given that all of these bat- teries should be kept always ready to take the field at a moments notice. Drafts of officers, enlisted men, guns, horses, and in sev- eral instances entire batteries, were from time to time made upon this reserve, and the means of effectively making good the losses in the field of the active batteries were thus always at hand, and were promptly brought to the front. For special reasons no horse artillery was organized, but suitable mounted batteries, equipped as lightly as possible, were selected for service with the cavalry, and were assigned to, and served through the campaign with, the divisions of Stoneman, Kilpatrick, Garrard, and McCook. The cavalry commanders, and the army chiefs of artillery give these batteries, in their several reports, a high reputation for endurance and dash, praise which entitles them to the more credit since their organization and equipment was not altogether favorable to distinction with the cavalry arm. No siege train, specially organized as such, was deemed requisite. either with the active armies or with the reserve artilleiy, the field batteries 6f 20-pounder Parrotts being considered sufficiently heavy for such work as the operations of the campaign would be likely to render necessary. The result fully. justified this expecta- tion, with the single exception of some special service during the operations before Atlanta, for which eight 4k-inch rifled siege guns were brought by rail from Chattanooga, and returned thither in the same manner when their mission was accomplished. The 10 and 20 pounder Parrotts and the 3-inch wrought-iron guns have fully maintained their reputations for endurance and for the superior accuracy and range expected from rifled guns. The light 12-pounder has more than ever proved itself to be the gun for the line of battle, where facility of service and effectiveness of solid shot, spherical case, and canister is most required. Circumstances enabled the endurance of the 4k-inch rifled siege guns to be more severely tested than ever before in the face of the enemy. Four of them were found to stand, without any apparent deterioration except an enlargement of the vent, more than 1,000 discharges each fired continuously at an average of twenty minutes interval, and at an elevation varying from eight to ten degrees. In accuracy, range, and certainty of flight and explosion, this gun, when served with Schenkl projectiles (especially his percussion-shell) really leaves nothing to be desired Page 122 122 TIlE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. t. The amount of ammunition furnished both field and siege guns was always abundant, and it was generally supplied in serviceable condition and of the best description. Experience teaches that Par- rott ammunition is the most suitable for Parrott guns, and Schenkl and Hotchkiss for the 3-inch and 4~inch, and also that the Schenkl case-shot, with combination fuse, and the Hotchkiss fuse-shell, are at present the most effective projectiles of thUr class for rifled guns. The nature of military operations in a country like ours is pecu- liar, and often without precedent; elsewhere. It is generally unfa- vorable to the full development and legitimate use of artillery. This is eminently the case in the West, where large tracts of uncleared land and dense forest materially circujascribe its field of usefulness an(l often force it into positions of hazard and risk. The services of the artillery throughout the wl~ole campaign have been conspicuous. The western life of officers and men, favorable to self-reliance, cool- ness, endurance, and marksmanship, seems to adapt them peculiarly for this special arm. Their three years experience in the field adds important elements to their efficiency and has combined to render the artillery of your command unusually reliable and effective. At Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Kenesaw, and amid the varied and bloody operations before Atlanta, it sustained its appropriate share of the work most creditably. Its practice at Rocky Face Ridge and Kenesaw Mountain, where at unusual elevation it was called upon to silence or dislodge the enemy, was extraordinary. Abundant proof of this was obtained from personal inspection of the enemys works after we gained possession of them, which proof is fully con- firmed by the concurrent acknowledgment of the enemy. The peculiar nature of the campaign and the gallantry of the artillery officers are alike illustrated by the fact that three division chiefs of artillery were killed, and the chief of artillery of the Army of the Tennessee seriously wounded by the rifles of rebel sharp- shooters while they were engaged in the duty of selecting suitable positions for their batteries. Posted as many batteries frequently and necessarily were in un- usually exposed positions, and not unfrequently upon the actual skirmish line, the guns.were always served with steadiness and effect, and in no instance, except in the battle of July 22 and the cavalry raids of Stoneman and McCook, on which occasions there were special exculpatory reasons, were guns abandoned or the enemy suffered to make captures. A manifest improvement was observable throughout in the use and selection of projectiles and in the judicious expend.i- ture of ammunition. The separate reports of battery commanders and of the division, corps, and army chiefs of artillery, which are laid before you, give the more minute details of the service of the artillery as well as the names of individuals who rendered themselves conspicuous for cour- age and conduct. I beg respectfully to indorse the recommendations for the reward of individuals and to add thereto the names of Brigadier-General Brannan, Lieutenant-Colonel Schofield, and Captain H.ickenlooper, the officers who have throughout the campaign performed the duties of chiefs of artillery of the three armies with fidelity, energy, and efficiency that entitle them to official commendation. The officers of my staff, Captain Marshall, assistant adjutantgen-~ eral; Captain Merritt and Lieutenant Verplauck, aides-de-camp, were always active and zealous, and carried my orders, frequentl Page 123 Ca& r. LI REPORTS, ETO.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS~ 12~ under sharp fire, with coolness and intelligence. I respectfully present them for such reward as you may deem proper. A tabular statement of guns lost and captured, of ammunition expended, and of casualties, is appended to this report. II am, general, most respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM F. BARRY, Brigadier- General, Chief of Artillery. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Gomdg. Military Division of the Mississippi. Casualties. Officers. Men. ~ Total. Guns ~ n ~ lost. a ~ a zga n 0 0 Armyof the Cmnherland 5 6 .... 37 208 18 274 2 a46 ArmyoftheTennessee 4 3 2 31 136 74 250 12 ArmyoftheOhio 1 1 3 6 17 47 75 2 Total 10 10 5 74 361 139 599 16 48 a Of these, 4 at Resaca and 20 at Atlanta were abandoned by the enemy to the whole army, though they were taken possession of by the Army of the Cumberland. Ammunition expended. s.. L ... -a a. a~. a.~ 0 ~ na Oa b~ ~ 00 ON ON 00 3-inch. 0:. n.~ n.~ ~ Total. 0~ O~ ,p~ 9:o ~.o ~ ~N ~ ~ ~A.O Army of the cumberland 35,321 14,786 29,643 5,059 201 1,368 88,378 Army of the Tennessee 17,3M5 4,182 14,095 8,951 543 1,853 1,158 43,167 ArmyoftheOhio 2,742 1,709 4,327 8,778 Total 55,448 20,627 48,065 14,010 744 1,853 4,526 145,323 WILLIAM F. BARRY, Brigadier-General, Chief of Artillery. [Indorsement.1 HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE Mississi~~i, Atlanta, Ga., September 17, 1864. I have examined the foregoing interesting report of General Barry, and confirm it in all respects. The l~trge captures of artillery cred- ited the Army. of the Cumberland, if unexplained, might lead to misunderstanding. That army captured in fair battle 13 guns, viz, 4 by Hooker at Resaca, S by Davis at Jonesborough, and 1 by Kil- patrick. Of the remainder, 34 were found in Resaca, Rome, and At- lanta, and were the equal fruits of all the armies, but the Army of the Cumberland, having the center, first occupied these places, and got charge of the captures, whereas the other two armies on the flanks were always moved around, so as to operate on the flanks of the retreating enemy, but they are, of course, equally entitled to the credit of capturing the fortified places in which these guns were found. W. T. SHERMAN, - Major-General, Commanding Page 124 124 TilE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [9EAP. L. No. 5. Report of Capt. Thomas G. Baylor, Ordnance Corps, U. S. Army, Chief of Ordnance. HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF ORDNANCE, Atlanta, Ga., September 18, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to inclose herewith a list of ordnance and ordnance stores captured by and from the enemy, together with a list of ammunition expended in the campaign, from May 4 to Sep- tember 8, 1864. The expenditures of ainmnnition were qnite large, still at no time during the campaign, notwit,hstanding the several interrnptions of our railroad communications, were we withont a good snpply. Great credit is due Lieut. Col. G. W. Schofield, chief of ordnance, Army of the Ohio; Capt. D. H. Buel, chief of ordnance, Army of the Tennessee; Lient. 0. E. Michaelis, acting chief of ordnance. Army of the Cumberland, and Capts. E. F. Townsend, S. H. Hogan, and S. W. Armstrong, in charge of ordnance depots, for zeal and efficiency in the discharge of their duties. Capt. D. H. Buel was captnred on the 7th instant, near Rough and Ready, bringing a dispatch from Major-General Howard to you, by a scouting party of Jacksons cavalry. It wts very unfortunate to be taken prisoner jnst at the Mose of the campaign, when our army - was marching to occnpy Atlanta, the object and result of its four months operations. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. G. BAYLOR; C~apt. and Chief of Ordnance, Nil. Div. of the Miss. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Comdg. Military Division of the Mississippi. [Inclosure.] Report of artillery captured by and from the enemy during the campaign c~mmenc- ing May 4 and ending September 8, 1864. fr;~ Z _________________________________ -1 Captured by the enemy (field guns): 12-pounder (light) guns 3-inch rifled guns Total Captured from the enemy: siege guns: 8-inch Columbiads U. 5. 32-pounder rifled guns, 6.4-inch U. 5. 32-pounder smooth-bore guus~ 6.4-inch U. 5. 24-pounder smooth-bore guns, 5.82-inch 8-inch howitzers Total 4 9 12~ 12 2 4 2 12 2 1 Page 125 REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. Report of artillery captured by and from the enemy, & c.Continued. 0~ n ,~a). H Captured from the enemyContinued. Field guns: 6-pounder smooth-bore guns 8 1 9 3.S4J-inch James rifles 2 2 12-pounder howitzer 1 1 12-pounder (light) guns 10 10 1Q-pounder Parrotts 3 3 Field pieces, calibers not given 3 3 Total 1 ~ Total number of guns captured from the enemy, 48; captured by the enemy, 16. Report of gun carriages, & c., captured by and front the enemy during the cam- paign commencing May 4 and ending September 8, 1864. o~-. 0 SaA~ Captured by the enemy: Field caissons.... 13 Captured from the enemy: Siege gun carriage Field carriages 17 Field caissons 16 0 Battery wagons The Army of the Cumberland captured a quantity of artillery implements, equipments, and spare parte of caissons. Eight of the field carriages and parts of carriages captured at Jonesborough, Ga., were destroyed for want of transportation, by order of Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, commanding Army of the Cumberland. Report of ammunition captured by and from the enemy during the campaign com mencing May 4 and ending September 8,1864. - Captured by the enemy: InfantryElongated ball cartridges, caliber .57 and .58 Artillery3-inch and light 12-pounder gun boxes Captured from the enemy: Artillery Serviceable ammunition Unserviceable ammunition 00~ a)0:~ a) 0 a)a) 88,250 6-I .~ as .0a~ oa) a)0 a) o ,~ 1,295 B9,545 64 810 3,765 CHAP. L.] 125 .~ aS .0 0 ~ H 13 17 16 0 H 810 3,76 Page 126 H 0 Army of the Cum- 00 O~ ~ berland, Major- General Thomas. ,~ Army of the Ten .... . ~ nessee, Major- General Howard. c~ c~ o Army of the Ohio, ~ Major-General ~ Schofield. ~,, ~ Total 0 -i 0 00 ,.~. 0 0 -~ ~. ~ 0 0 0 0 o n n-ct ~. 0 ~: ~, Army of the Cum berland, Major- ~ -~ General Thomas. Army of the Ten- ..A, nessee, Major- ~i General Howard. Army of the Ohio, Major-General Schofield. Total. 0 00 0 00 ~ 0 0 I-I o 0 ~ :.~ ~ ~ o 0 000. O nO Army of the Cum- Y~?~ berland, Major General Thomas. Army of the Ten- nessee, Major- General Howard. - - Army of the Ohio, :~~:: Major-General Schofield. 0 TotaL ~/2~ ~ 00 H 0~ ~Ct2 oZ ~ ~ Ce 4s 0 0 & 0 0 0 4-. I H H z H 0 0 0 ~ ,~. ,~. 00 00 ~ 0 0 0 Page 127 c~p. L.] REPORT8, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. l2~ [Indorsement] Respectfully forwarded. Captured guns in Resaca, Rome, and Atlanta, though credited to General Thomas, belong equally to all the armies. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General, Commanding. No. 6. Report of Capt. Orlando M. Poe, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Chief Engineer, of operations July 1October 31, 1864. WASHINGTON, D. C., October 8, 1865. Siu: In accordance with the circular from the Engineer Bureau, dated September 2, 1865, I have the honor to report as follows, concerning the engineer operations and the works of attack and defense conducted under my superintendence during the year end.. ing June 30, 1865 : This report will naturally be divided into four parts, viz: First. The Atlanta campaign, from the 1st of July, 1864,. to the occupation of the city, September 2, 1864. Second. The new defenses of Atlanta and the Savannah campaign, including the time from the 3d of September, 1864, to the 25th of January, 1865. Third. The campaign from Savannah, Ga., to Goldsborough, N. C., from January 25, 1865, to March 22, 1865. Fourth. The campaign, from Goldsborough, N. C., to Raleigh, N. C., and the march from Raleigh to Washington City, from April 10, 1865, to 20th of May, 1865. The operations connected with the march of General Shermans army, extending over a great portion of the Southern States, were of a very rapid character. Such of them as legitimately belonged to the engineer department were so intimately blended with the whole that it is impossible to separate them. In order to explain clearly why bridges were built and roads made in the localities where they were, it will be necessary t9 give the movements of the army some- what in detail when the reasons will generally be evident. The labors of the engineers were directed to facilitate these movements, and always with a distinct idea of their object. First. The Atlanta campaign, from the 1st of July, 1864, to the occu- pation of the city, ASeptember 2, 1864. On the 1st of July, 1864, I was on duty as chief engineer with the army commanded by Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, then before Kene- saw Mountain, a position to which I had been assigned by Special Field Orders, No. 1, headquarters Military Division of the Missis- sippi, dated Chattanooga, Tenn., May 3, 1864. At that time the engineer organization for the army in the field was altogether inade- quate. There were within the limits of the military division the fol- lowing engineer organizations, viz: First Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, and First Missouri Engineers. Both these regiments be- longed tQ the Army of thQ Cumberiap~d, and wore distributed as fo Page 128 128 ~PIIE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAI~. L. lows: The former along the railroads forming our lines of supply, engaged in building block-houses to defend them against raiding parties of the enemys cavalry; and the latter along the important line of railroad from Nashville to Johnsonville on the Tennessee River, engaged in completing that work. The Department of the Ohio was provided with an engineer battalion, organized under my direction in 1863, when the movement upon East Tennessee coni- menced. Its organization was explained in my report upon That campaign. * J~ now accompanied the Army of the Ohio. The De- partment of the Tennessee was not provided with any regular engi- neer organization, but was fortunate in having an excellent pioneer organization In order to equalize the engineer forces in the mili- tary division the major-general commanding, at my snggestion, transferred the First Missouri Engineers from the Department of the Cumberland to the Department of the Tennessee, and it was or~ dered to join the army in ~he field. Two pontoon bridges, having an aggregate length of 1,400 feet, were with the forces in the field and distributed as follows: 800 feet, in charge of the Fifty-eighth In(liana Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Col. George P. Buell, were attached to the Army of the Cumberland; 600 feet, in charge of Captain Kossak, aide-de-camp, and a body of pioneers, were attached to the Army of the Tennessee. Both of these bridges were of th& kind known as the canvas bateau bridge. Two more bridges of the same kind, each 600 feet in length, were held in re- serve at Nashville. The staff organization of the engineer department with that army was as follows: Capt. 0. M. Poe, U. S. Engineers, chief engi- neer Military Division of the Mississippi; Capt. C. B. Reese, Corps of Engineers, chief engineer Department and Army of the Tennes- seQ; Capt. W. J. Twining, lieutenant of engineers, chief engineer Department and Army of the Ohio; Lieut. H. C. Wharton, Corps of Engineers, chief engineer Army of the Cumberland. Until the early part of May the duties of chief engineer Army of the Cumin- berland had been ~erfovmed by Capt. W. E. Merrill, Corps of Engineers, but he having received authority to organize the regi- ment of Veteran Volunteer Engineers provided for by act of Con- gress, had gone to Chattanooga for that purpose. Early in July the following officers of the Corps of Engineers, who had just grad- uated at West Point, reported to me, ai~d were assigned to duty as follows: Capt. J. W. Barlow, to Army of the Tennessee; First Lient. 0. H. Ernst, to Army of the Tennessee; First Lieut. William Ludlow, to Army of the Cumberland; First Lieut. A. N. Damrell, to Army of the Ohio. In the Army of the Cumberland each corps, division, and nearly every brigade was provided with an officer detailed from among the commissioned officers of the infantry regiments, whose duty it was to make such surveys and reconnaissances as might be wanted. The other two armies were not so well provided, but had sufficient organ- ization to do all that was requisite. The military operations of the previous two months had gradu- ally forced the enemy from his position in Buzzard Roost Gap back to the ground he now held at Kenesaw Mountain. During this time the labors of the engineers were confined to reconnoitering, road making, and bridge building. Pontoon bridges had beemi built * See Vol. XXX, Part II, p. 568 Page 129 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DLV. OF TIlE MISS. 129 over the Oostenaula, at Resaca, at Lays Ferry, and two fiat-boat bridges over the Coosawattee; also pontoon bridges over the Etowah River at the cliffs. The enemy showed little disposition to yield his stronghold at Kenesaw. After the assault of the 27th June it was determined to move toward our right, at the same time advancing that flank, a movement which it was supposed would result in the evacuation by the enemy of all ground north of the Chattahoochee except his bridge-head at the railroad crossing. Receiving instructions from General Sherman, commanding, I made a personal reconnaissance of the ground upon our yight as far as our extreme cavalry out- posts, at or near Andersons Mill or Olleys Creek, and immediately upon my return and report the Army of the Tennessee was put in motion. No sooner was this movement developed than the enemy, on the night of the 2d and morning of the 3d of July, evacuated his position at Kenesaw and in front of Marietta, and we took posi- tion, the troops moving right on in pursuit. Contrary to expecta- tioii and information, we found that the enemy intended to make a stand upon a line from Ruffa Station (Neal Dow) to Ruffs Mill, the flanks being refused along Nickajack and Rottenwood Creeks. This line had been prepared by militia and contrabands only a few days before its occupation by Johnstons army, and was well built, con- sisting of good infantry parapets, connecting salients, in which were placed a large number of pieces of field artillery in embrasure. The length of this line was nearly six miles. On the 4th of July our skirmishers drove the enemys into the works on the main road by a spirited dash, being supported by the divisions of Stanley, of the Fourth Corps, and Johnson, of the Fourteenth Corps, and our lines pre~sed up at all points, but not near enough to silence the artillery. Late in the evening the Sixteenth Corps, forming the left of the Army of the Tennessee, carried by assault a portion of the rebel line. At daylight on the morning of the 5th of July our skirmishers advanced, only to find the enemy gone, a movement reiidered necessary upon their part by the success of the Sixteenth Corps on the evening previous. The next line of works was found in front of the railroad bridge and the several roads and pontoon bridges, at Paces, Montgomerys, and Turners Ferries, forming a very extensive t~te-de-p out, which consisted of a system of square redoubts, in defensive re a ions, con- nected by infantry parapets, but few of these redoubts were pre- pared for artillery, being arranged with a banquette for infantry fire. The artillery was placed in small intermediate redans. The redoubts partook more of the character of tambours. They were constructed by building double log-pens, and filling the space between them with earth. There was nothing in the plan to recommend them to the attention of the engineers. The left of this line rested upon a large seven-gun redoubt near the mouth of Nickajack Creek, and the right upon another redoubt prepared for eight guns, and situated near the Chattahoochee, about one mile above the railroad bridge. Opposite this point the intrenchinents on the south side of the river began, and exteiided in a continuous line nearly to Island Creek, being altogether about eight miles. The railroad bridge at its southern end was protected by three batteries of irregular shape, and one redoubt. This line, owing to the care bestowed upon its construc- tion and the nature of the approaches, was by far the strongest we 9 R RVOL xxxviii, PT Page 130 130 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. CHAP. L. had yet encountered. It had been built for some length of time, and had been located by good engineers. A few days spent in recon- naissances showed us very plainly that it would cost many lives to carry the position by assault, even were an assault to succeed, which was extremely doubtful. It was accordingly deemed best to turn it. An inspection of the country showed us that this must be done by the left., since such a movement to right, owing to the broken char- acter of the country, and the fact that the enemy, expecting us to move that way, had carefully guarded all the crossing-places, was almost impossible. Having decided to pass ~he river by our left, strong kmonstra- tions were made upou our right to confirm the enemy in the impres- sion that the movement was to be made in that direction, and that we would attempt to cross the river at some point below the mouth of Nickajack Creek. The points selected for the crossing were at Roswell Factory and Phillips (Ishams) Ferry, and the Army of the Tennessee, which had been demonstrating upon our right, was sud- denly thrown to Roswell, where it crossed the Chattahoochee upon a trestle bridge, built by the pioneers of the Sixteenth Army Corps out of the materials at hand. No opposition was made by the ene- my. The Army of the Ohio, which had been on the left, now become the center, made a rapid movement across the river at Phillips Ferry, surprising a small force of the enemy stationed there, and capturing one piece of artillery. While the force which actually effected th.e crossing was engaged in constructing some light works to serve as a bridge-head, two canvas pontoon bridges were thrown, upon which the balance of the Army of the Ohio crossed. I may make the general remark here that whenever it was deemed necessary to use a.bridge for a greater length of time than forty- eight hours the pontoon bridges were invariably replaced by wooden trestle bridges constructed from the materials at hand, either by engineer troops or the pioneer force. The object of this was to pre- serve the canvas covers of the bateaux, even at the expense of con- siderable labor, since we had the latter in greater abundance than the former. The canvas bridges at Phillips Ferry were replaced by a trestle bridge built by the Engineer Battalion of the Twenty-third Army Corps. Another pontoon bridge was thrown meanwhile at Powers Ferry, some two miles lower down, upon which the Fourth Army Corps crossed. This corps formed a junction with the Army of the Ohio, but the Army of the Tennessee was still acting independently. One division of the Fourth Corps now swept down the south bank of the river to Paces Ferry, which enabled us to build two pontoon bridges at this point, upon which the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps crossed. Two days before this the enemy, under influence of the presence of the Fourth and Twenty-third Corps, on the south side of the river, had crossed his whole force to that side, and left us in possession of the strong line on the north side, upon which so much care and labor had been bestowed. The passage of the Chat- tahoochee had now been completely effected. Our whole army was on the south side of the river, with a loss of less than a dozen men, but between us and Atlanta, our objective, were still the three seri- ous obstacles of Nancys Creek, Peach Tree Creek. and the entire - rebel army. We knew but little about the country, and the inhabit- ants, always few in number and indisposed to give us information, had all gone farther south. Not an able-bodied man was to b Page 131 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 131 found between Marietta and the enemys line. We could only feel our way cautiously forward, using the greatest diligence in recon- naissances. The Army of the Tennessee, forming the left wing, was directed toward Stone Mountain; the Army of the Ohio, in the center, toward Cross Keys and Decatur, and the Army of the Cum- berland, on the right, via Buck Head, toward Atlanta. The left wing and the center crossed Nancys Creek the same day, July 18. The cavalry division of General Garrard, which had been operating on the extreme left, succeeded in reaching the Augusta railroad between Decatur and Stone Mountain. On the next day, July 19, the Twenty-third Army Corps, after a sharp skirmish, occupied Decatur, where it formed a junction with the Army of the Tennes- see. The Army of the Ohio then withdrew, and passing to the right camped for the night on Pea Vine Creek. The Army of the Cumberland crossed a small force over Peach Tree Creek, which maintained its footin~r. July 20, the Army of the Tennessee advanced along the Augusta railroad to within about three and a half miles of Atlanta, where the enemy was found intrenched. The Army of the Ohio moved along ~the road leading from Judge Peytons to Atlanta, and soon encountered the enemy intrenched. The Army of the Cumberland crossed Peach Tree Creek at several points, and the left of it (Fourth Corps), connecting with the Army of the Ohio, met the same obsta- cle. The Fourteenth Corps, on the extreme right, moving on the Howells Mill road, joined the Twentieth Corps on its left, and this, in turn, joined Newtons division, of the Fourth Corps, which was mov- ing on the Colliers Mill road. There was no communication on the south side of Peach Tree Creek between Newtons and the other divisions of the Fourth Corps. This was the status when two rebel corps moving down the Howells Mill road and Colliers Mill road attacked the Twentieth Corps, together with the left division of the Fourteenth Corps and Newtons division. After a severe engage- ment, lasting until dark, the enemy was repulsed at all points. The result was to firmly establish our position on the south bank of Peach Tree Creek, having overcome two of the three obstacles already referred to as between us and Atlanta. July 21, we steadily pressed forward along our whole line, devel- oping the enemy in his intrenchments, extending from a point about a mile south of the Augusta railroad around the north side of the city to the Chattanooga railroad. This line was well built, and capable of a tolerably good defense. It consisted of a system of open batteries for artillery connected by the usual infantry parapet, with all the accessories of abatis, chevaux-de-frise, & c. But it was evidently not the main line upon which the enemy relied for his final defense. July 22, the enemy evacuated the line referred to above during the night of the 21st, and we pressed forward on all the roads until the enemy was again found behind intrenchments. Reconnaissances proved that these were finally the main lines of defensive works covering Atlanta. They completely encircled the city at a distance of about one arM a half miles from the center and consisted of a system of batteries open to the rear and connected by infantry para- pet, with complete abatis, in some places in three and four rows, with rows of pointed stakes, and long lines of chevaux-de-frise. In many places rows of palisading were planted along the foot of the exterior slope of the infantry parapet with sufficient opening be Page 132 132 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. tween th~ timbers to permit the infantry fire, if carefully delivered, to pass freely through, but not sufficient to permit a person to pass through, and having a height of twelve to fourtQen feet. The ground in front of these palisades or stockades was always completely swept by the fire from the adjacent batteries, which enabled a very small force to hold them. To this line we opposed another, extending from a point one and a half miles south of the Augusta railroad around by the north to a point one and a half miles southwest from the three-mile post on the Atlanta and Chattanooga Railroad. About noon, while engaged in extending this line to the left and front, the enemy, making a detour to the south and eastward, passed around our left flank and, completely enveloping it, attacked it both in flank and rear. Fortunately the Sixteenth Corps was en route to meet just such an attack, and was in a position to form looking to our left rear, its right joining the Seventeenth Army Corps. The fighting here was of the most desperate character. Meanwhile the enemy J)ushed one corps from their works right down the Augusta railroad upon our line, where they gained a temporary success, but were finally driven back at all points. Our troops now were put under the cover of the ordinary rifle trenches, with works of a ~lightly heavier character for the artillery. Close reconnaissances were made of the enemys whole line in our front, and it was decided that no attempt at assault should be made upon that part of the enenys line which we could see. On the 23d of July I talked with the major-general commanding, and from him I learned that no assault would be made at present, neither did he desire anything like regular siege operations, but instructed me to see that the lines occupied by our troops were of such a character that they could be held against a sortie, and to put them forward at all points where it could be conveniently done, at the same time informing me that he would attempt to reach the enemys line of railroad communication, at or near East Point, the junction of the roads from West Point and Macon to Atlanta. It is about six miles southwest from Atlanta. This movement he hoped would either result in a general engagement, with the chances greatly in our favor, or in the evacuation of Atlanta. He directed me to personally select a line at the Augusta railroad where our left flank could rest and command that road, while the Army of the Ten- nessee was withdrawn to make the movement indicated. On the morning of the 24th of July, accompanied by Capts. C. B. Reese and J. W. Barlow and Lieutenants Twining and Ernst, of the Corps of Engineers, I passed over the ground, selected the line, and gave the necessary directions for its construction. General Sherman having determined to send a cavalry force around each flank of the enemy to operate upon his communication, I was directed to see in person to the construction of a pontoon bridge at Turners Ferry. This was done by ordering the train belonging to the Army of the Ten nessee from where it was then laid, at the railroad crossing over the Chattahoochee, via the old Peach Tree road to Turners Ferry. After proceeding as far as Proctors Creek, we found that the enemy occupied Turners Ferry. It was then too late to do anything toward fighting for possession of the ferry, and I did noth ave a single armed man with me, even if there had been time. Upon a report of the facts to General Sherman, he ordered the cavalry division of General McCook to clear the ground at daybreak nex Page 133 ca~P. L.1 HEPORTS, ETC.MIL~ DIV. OF THE MISS. 13~3 morning, Jiitly 26, which was done, the bridge constructed, and communication established between the cavalry forces on the south bank of the river with those on the north bank. The new line to be occupied by our left flank, upon the with- drawal of the Army of the Tennessee, having been completed by the morning of the 27th of July, the movement of that command toward our right flank commenced, and at the same time the move- ment of the cavalry forces began; that passing around the enemys left flank being under the command of General Mc Cook, and that around his right flank under Generals Stoneman and Garrard, the balance of our army meanwhile pressing forward and gaining ground as rapidly as possible. This was continued on the 28th of July, when, at about noon, a furious attack was made upon the Army of the Tennessee, particularly upon the Fifteenth Corps, by a force of the enemy which moved from Atlanta out on the Lick Skillet road. The whole of the Fifteenth Corps had been refused along a ridge extending northwestwardly from Ezra Church, and nearly parallel with the Lick Skillet road, its left joining the Seventeenth Corps and making nearly a right angle with it near the church. The position was a most admirable one, and the enemy was severely whipped. The rebel army in our front had been under command of Joseph E. Johnston until the 19th of July, when the command was transferred to General Hood. Johnstons policy appeared to be a purely defen- sive one. Hoods was decidedly offensive-defensive, as shown by the fact that three desperate and severe battles were fought within ten days after he assumed command. The last three days of July were devoted to skirmishing to attain positions as favorable as possible. Meanwhile, under instructions from the major-general commanding, I selected a new line to be occupied as a flank by a portion of the Army of the Cumberland, in case it was decided to transfer the Army of the Ohio to the right flank. The line was constructed under the superintendence of Lieu- tenant Wharton, U. S. Engineers, after it had been fully discussed between Lieutenants Wharton, Twining, and myself. It extended from our front line near Walkers house, on the Colliers Mill (Buck Head) road nearly due north, to the line of rebel works evacuated on the night of the 21st of July. On the night of the 1st of August the Army of the Ohio was with- drawn from its position on the left, and rapidly moved to the right near the poor-house and extending nearly to the north branch of Utoy Creek at Willis Mill, the engineers giving general directions concerning the lines. I rode over their whole extent in person. August 2, the Army of the Tennessee swung forward its extreme right, about half a mile, turning upon its position at Ezra Church as a pivot. The Army of the Ohio connected with the right of the Army of the Tennessee. This movement developed a part of the enemys line in front of these two armies, and discovered the same system of batteries, connected by infautry curtains, that we had met before, thus showing that we had not yet found the enemys left flank, the prime object of all our movements. August 3, a portion of the Army of the Ohio was thrown across Utoy Creek, and established itself on the south side without much opposition. August 4, an attack was ordered to be made at 3 p. in. by the Army of the Ohio, and the Fourteenth Corps, of the Army of th Page 134 134 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. Cumberland, the object being to thrust our forces through our lines, and effect a lodgment on the railroad between Atlanta and East Point. The attack, however, was not made. August 5, the Chattahoochee river railroad bridge was com- pleted, and our trains ran up to three-mile post. By General Sher- mans direction, I sent Lieutenant Ernst to Marietta to superintend the construction of defenses at that place. An attack was ordered for 2 p. in., the object being as given above, but again no attack was made. August 6, the attack, twice before ordered, was made, but re- pulsed. The two corps of the Army of the Cumberland, forming the left of our army, kept steadily pushing forward, but without anything like siege approaches. Our sharpshooters had gained such positions as rendered it difficult for the enemy to work his guns. August 7, the attack made yesterday was renewed, and proved successful. It was found that the line of rifle trenches carried by the assault was not the enemys main line, but stood nearly perpen- dicularly to it. The Army of the Tennessee moved forward about 400 yards, swinging upon the center of its right wing as a pivot. The successive advances, either directly or b~ swing upon some part of the line as a pivot, were made in the following mannerby push- ing forward, just before daylight, a strong line of skirmishers to the position chosen beforehand, which maintained its ground during the day, each man getting such cover as lie could, generally by scooping out a rifle-pit at the foot of a tree, behind a log or stone, in which they could find shelter. As soon as night made it possible, working parties were thrown out to the skirmish line and connected by the ordinary rifle trenches the entire chain of rifle-pits. These lines were continually being strengthened until it was desired to make another advance, when the operation was repeated. In this way our lines were pushed at ally point we wished to within 200 yards of the enemys and with slight loss. I wish here to impress upon the En- gineer Department the fact that nothing like regular siege ap- proaches were attempted. I frequently informed the general com- manding that we could easily, at any time, push forward saps and pierce the enemys lines, yet when we had done so we would have accomplished very little, since the enemy would take the precaution to construct another a few yards in his rear. The general under- standing this perfectly always told me that he did not wish anything of the kind done, that he intended to gain possession of Atlanta by operating upon the enemys lines of communication, until he either brought on a general engagement, in which event he expected to gain a decisive victory, or compel the enemy to evacuate the city, which he could easily do, as the place was not, and it was evident that it could not be, completely invested. August 8 and 9, was at work everywhere strengthening our lines. Commenced the construction of batteries for 4k-inch guns which had been ordered. These were placed in position as follows: Two in front of the Twentieth Army Corps, near the Chattanooga railroad, and two others in front of the Sixteenth Corps. The whole of the Army of the Tennessee advanced about three-eighths of a mile in the manner already described, and the lines of the Army of the Cumberland were straightened. so the whole line was as fat advanced as the sahients had been. The Army of the Ohio was e& gaged in intrenching itself in its position south of Utoy Creek. Augi~st 10, 11, and 12, no advances were made Page 135 Ciiw. L.] REPORTS, ETC.MIL. DIV. OF THE MISS. 135 August 13, it was decided to move all the army, except one corps (which was to be thrown back to the Chattahoochee railroad bridge), around Atlanta upon the railroads running south from East Point, and the pontoon train of the Army of the Cumberland was moved from the railroad bridge, along the north side of the river, to the Sandtown Ferry preparatory to throwing a bridge across the river at that point. August 14, nothing was done by the engineer department, waiting further instructions. August15, the line of Proctors Creek was examined for the pur- pose of selecting a defensive flank to be used when the Army of the Cumberland was withdrawn. Two pontoon bridges were laid at Sandtown Ferry. August 16, accompanied by Lieutenants Twining and Damrell, I visited our extreme right and rode over the lines of the Army of the Ohio, as well as the position which Lieutenant Twining had already selected south of Utoy Creek to be occupied by the Army of the Ohio upon the withdrawal of the Armies of the Tennessee and the Cumberland. The position was admirably chosen. A trestle bridge was commenced at Sandtown Ferry to replace the pontoon bridges at that point. August 17, orders for the movement of the army to the rear of East Point were promulgated. The cavalry command of General Kilpatrick started upon a raid to the southward of Atlanta. August 18 and 19, the troops kept hard at work to induce the enemy to believe that we contemplated no movement upon his rear of greater importance than a cavalry raid. The entire force of en- gineer officers hard at work reconnoitering all the roads to our right as far as the enemys cavalry would permit. August 20, a force of infantry reached the Atlanta and West Point Railroad near Red Oak Station, and tore up a portion of the track. Our batteries were completed along our whole line and we were ready for any emergency. August 21 and 22, the pioneer force was all kept at work prepar- ing siege materials. The batteries along our whole line kept up a slow but stea.dy fire both upon the enemys lines and upon the city of Atlanta. The remarks in this paragraph apply to every day for the last two weeks. August 23, under instructions from the major-general command- ing, I went to the Chattahoochee railroad bridge and selected a line to be occupied by the corps (Twentieth), which was to be left behind during our movement to the rear of Atlanta, and gave Lieutenant Ludlow full instructions concerning the building of it. The position held by the Fifteenth Army Corps during the battle of the 28th of July was selected by Captain Reese as a flank to be occupied by the Army of the Tennessee upon the withdrawal of the Army of the Cumberland. General Kilpatricks cavalry command returned, having passed entirely around Atlanta. August 24, at work upon the new flank referred to above. Recon- naissances pushed to the right almost as far as Campbellton. August 25, at midnight the grand movement commenced by the withdrawal of the Fourth and Twentieth Corps. The latter marched directly to the railroad bridge, Paces and Turners Ferries, while the former passing in rear of the Army of the Tennessee, bivouacked next night on Utoy Creek. Before the movement began its left had rested on the Decatur road Page 136 136 TILE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. fCa& p. L. August 26, the movement of the Army of the Cumberland still going on, and at dark the left wing of the Army of the Tennessee was swung to the rear upon its right and occupied the position pre- viously prepared for it. August 27, all the army in motion exce~t the Arniy of the Ohio. The Army of the Cumberland was, place in position along Camp Creek, covering all the roads leading from Mouiit Gilead Church toward East Pojut and Red Oak. The Army of the Tennessee was thrown further to the right, but close enough to keep up communi- cation. It covered all the roads leading toward Fairburn. But little resistance was offered to our advance. The troops intrenched their position every night. This was made a rule from the time the campaign commenced, and was continued until the close of the war whenever the proximity of the enemy rendered it prudent. I may a(ld, also, that during all the operations of this great army, extend- ing over a year of time and thousands of miles of territory, it was never surprised. August 28, the Army of the Cumberland was thrown forward upon the Atlanta and West Point Railroad at Red Oak, and the Army of the Tennessee at Shadiia Church and Fairburn, while the Army of the Ohio was thrown into such a position along the road from Mount Gilead Church to Red Oak as to cover our left flank. Imniediate ly upon striking the railroad the troops were intrenched and without the loss of a dozen men we had secure hold upon it, and could proceed to destroy it as leisurely as we pleased. August 29, the greaser part of the army was at work destroying the railroad, which was effectually done for about twelve and a half miles, every tie being burned and every rail bent. The enemy did not attempt to disturb us. August 30, the army again in motion, being directed as follows: The Army of the Ohio toward Morrows Mill, the Army of the Cum- berland toward Couchs farm-ho4lse, and the Army of the Tennessee toward the Renfroe place. The latter pushed on still farther and succeeded in seizing the Flint River bridge and gaining a foothold between the river and Jonesborough. The enemy was found in force, covering the town. August 31, the Army of the Ohio moved toward a point on the Macon railroad two miles south of Rough and Ready Station, and succeeded in reaching it, and, making a secure lodginent, intrenched. The Fourth Corps was put in position in support. Four more bri- gades of the Army of the Cumberland moved from Couchs (hue east, until they struck the railroad between the Army of the Ohio and Jonesborough, when they also intrenched. About the same time that these forces reached the railroad the enemy attacked the lines of the Army of the Tennessee immediately in front of Jonesborough and tried to carry them by assault. They were repulsed with heavy loss. It was reported to me by Captain Reese that the First Missouri Engineers, which -had been transferred at my reqnest from the Army of the Cumberland to the Army of the Tennessee, had just joined the forces in the field, and were available for di~ity. This was the first regularly organized engineer regiment to join the army at the front. September 1, the Army of the Cumberland was concentrated so as to connect from the left of the Army of the Tennessee to the rail- road, about two miles north of Jonesborough, the Fourth Arm Page 137 URM. U REPORTS, ETC.MIT~. DLV. OF THE MISS. 137 Corps destroying the railroad as it advanced. The Army of the Ohio commenced the destruction of the railroad at Rough and Ready, and connected with the break made by the other troops. About 4 p. m. the Fourteenth Army Corps assaulted and carried the right of the enemys line, consisting of the usual batteries connected by infantry parapet. The approach of night alone prevented the capture of the entire rebel force. We were now squarely upon the rebel lines of supply. The movements of our army had been so rapid that the enemy exhibited the greatest confusion, and shortly after midnight the light of the burning buildings and explosions of ammunition in ~he direction of Atlanta (distant twenty miles), in- dicated very plainly that the enemy was evacuating the place, and on the morning of the 2d of September the Twentieth Army Corps, which had been left behind at the Chattahoochee bridge for the pur- pose, marched into Atlanta. In describing these operations I have gone somewhat into detail, in order that they might be clearly understood, deeming it pecu- liarly the province of the engineer to call attention to such brilliant maneuvers as those which enabled us to pass a river, too deep to be forded, in the very face of the enemy with a loss of less than a pla- toon of men, and those which placed six army corps upon the enemys lines of communication, in opposition to a single corps. In accomplishing these results the engineer department per- formed the following, special labor, viz: Ten pontoon bridges built across the Chattahoochee River, averaging 350 feet in length, 3,500 feet; 7 trestle bridges, built out of material cut from the bank across the same stream, of which five were double tracked, and two were single, 350 feet long each, 2,450 feet; 50 miles (estimated) of infantry parapet, with a corresponding length of artillery epaulement; 6 bridges over Peach Tree Creek, averaging 80 feet long each, 480 feet; 5 bridges over Flint River, averaging 80 feet long each, 400 feet; also many smaller bridges built and many miles of road repaired. The topographical branch of the engineer department worked efficiently. Surveys were made of all the routes passed over by infantry columns, together with the lines of parapet built. A map on the scale of four inches to one mile illustrating the siege, so called, of Atlanta has been forwarded to the Engineer Bureau, in which these surveys ai~ compiled, from the passage of Peach Tree Creek, July 19, to the beginning of the movement upon the enemys lines of communication, August 25, and a general map, photographic copy, illustrating the entire campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta. I have also forwarded to the Bureau, a complete set of photographic views illustrating mili. tary operations about Atlanta. * From the map department 4,000 copies of campaign maps were issued to the proper officers to facilitate military operations. I de- sire to bear testimony to the efficiency of the engineer officers on duty with General Shermans army. Though all have done well yet I am particularly indebted to Capt. C. B. Reese and Lieuten- ants Wharton and Twining. I can only return my thanks to those officers of volunteers who did nearly all the topographical work. They did their duty and did it well. I must leave to the chief engineers of the several armies to which they belonged to do them justice. * Maps and views here mentioned to appear in the Atlas Page 138 138 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (Cmr. L. Second. The new defenses of Atlanta, and the Savannah campaign, including the time from the 3d of September, 1864, to the 25th of January, 1865. Upon our occupation of the city of Atlanta, acting under in- structions from the major-general commanding, I made an exami- nation of the lines occupied by the enemy during the so-called siege, with a view to their modification for the use of our forces. Their development was found to be about twelve miles and was considered greater than could be held by such a Torce as would, in any event, be left as the garrison. I made further examinations of the ground interior to the old rebel lines to ascertain whetl~er new lines of much shorter development could not be located, and selected the system of heights nearest the center of the city. This line was less than three miles in extent, but passed through the northern part of the town, rendering the destruction of a great many buildings necessary. The general commanding ordered the adoption of this line and directed the work to proceed, but subsequently suspended the operation of the order until greater necessity should arise. Meanwhile every effort was being made to increase the efficiency of the engineer organization. The chief engineer of the Army of the Cumberland was directed to take the necessary steps to have the First Michigan Engineers and Mechanics ordered to the front. This regiment, or rather eight companies of it, arrived at Atlanta about the last of September. Two more companies subsequently joined, but the remaining two companies did not reach the regiment for some months. The major-general commanding having directed that the new line of fortifications be proceeded with, the entire engineer force was set at work to construct the profiles and revetments. General Corse, then commanding at Rome, Ga., on the 29th of September, made an urgent requisition for an engineer officer to examine and im- prove the & efenses of that town. Lieut. William Ludlow, Corps of Eu gineers, was sent. The first infantry details for work on the fortifications were called for on the 3d of October, and numbered 2,000 men. On the 5th of October I telegraphed to General Sherman, then at Big Shanty, as follows: The new line of works is in a defensible condition from the redoubt where the photographs were taken (Redoubt No. 7) around to the prolongation of the same street eastward. I have positions completely finished this evening for thirty guns; the platforms are laid and the embrasures revetted for that number, and I can finish quite a number more to-morrow. The line represented as in a defensible condition was on the south side of the town and nearly two miles in length; the labor upon it was all done by the two regiments of engineer troops and infantry details from the Twentieth Army Corps, the balance of the army then being in motion against the rebel army, which had appeared upon our lines of communication. Work upon these new defenses continued until stopped, about the 1st of November, though after the first week the details from the infantry commands were much smaller, and the work progressed more slowly owing to this fact, as well as because the impression prevailed that they would not be wanted for our purposes. Much care had [been] bestowed upon the several redoubts, and the finish put upon each was excellent. Those numbered from 7 to 12, incl Page 139 U Caii. L) flEPORTS, ETO.AI~MY OF TILE ~UMBERLAND. 189 sive, were provided with mantelets from the embrasures; these were made both of rope and of boiler iron, aird were of such a shape that they completely closed the embrasure when the gun was from battery. A complete set of photographs* illustratinp~ these defenses has been forwarded to the Engineer Bureau, and they are projected upon the map illustrating the siege of Atlanta. t All of which is respectfully submitted. 0. M. POE, Capt., Corps of Engineers, Chief Engineer Mit. Div. Miss. No. 7. Reports of Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, U. S. Army, command ing Army of the Cumberland. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND, in the Field, near Dallas, Ga., June 5, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to report the operations of my com- mand for the month of May as follows: In obedience to instructions fromu the major-general commanding the military division, I got my command in readiness for a forward movement on Dalton, Ga., and was fully prepared to move on the 2d of May, as directed. Major-General Hooker, commanding Twen- tieth Army Corps, was directed to move from Lookout Valley, via Lee and Gordons Mills, on East Chickamauga Creek, to Leets farm on the road leading from the mills to Nickajack Gap, the movement to commence on the 2d. Major-General Palmer, commanding the Fourteenth Army Corps, was to concentrate his command at Ring- gold, Ga., and Major-General Howard, commanding the Fourth Army Corps, was to move from Cleveland, East Tennessee, on the 3d, and concentrate his command in the vicinity of Catoosa Springs, about three miles east of Ringgold; McCooks division of cavalry to move on Howards left; Kilpatricks division of cavalry was sta- tioned at Riuggold, picketing toward Tunnel Hill, and patrolling on Palmers right flank; Garrards division was detached and operat- ing under instructions from Major-General McPherson, commanding the~ Army of the Tennessee. The army got into position by the 5th, and stood as above directed, communication having been fully estab- lished from the right to the left of the whole command. According to instructions given on the 6th, the army moved on Tunnel Hill at daylight on the 71% in three columnsPalmers corps on the direct road from Riuggold, Howards via Lees house, and Hookers via Nickajack Gap and Trickum. The enemy made some show of resistance in Palmers front, but evacuated Tunnel Hill on the appearance of Howards column on his flank, and fled toward Buzzard Roost, our troops occupying Tunnel Hill Ridge. Palmers command was then moved forward and took position on Howards right along the ridge, and both corps relnaine(l there for the night. Hookers column reached Trickum Post-Office about 4 * To appear in the Atlas. t For continuation of this report, see Vols. XLIV and XLVII Page 140 S 140 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. p. m. and camped for the night, picketing strongly the roads leading from Bnzzard Roost and Da4ton, as well as the approaches from the direction of Villanow. General Kilpatricks division of cavalry took post at or near Gordons Spring to be in readiness to establish corn- inunication with the Army of the Tennessee, which was expected at Villanow on the 8th. On the morning of the 8th Jfarkers brigad~, of Newtons divis- ion, Howards corps, was pushed along the crest of Rocky Face Ridge to within half a mile of the rebels signal station, where it came~ upon obstructions of too formidable character to admit of far- ther progress, except with vei~y severe loss; it was instructed to hold the position. Woods division, of the Fourth Corps; Davis division, of the Fourteenth Corps, and Butterfields division, of the Twentieth Corps, then pushed forward a line of skirmishers and drove the enemy to his intrenchments, our men occupying the mouth of Buz- zard Roost. Gearys division, of the Twentieth Corps, made a recon- naissance well up the side of Chattoogata Mountain (a high and pre- cipitous ridge running due south from Buzzard Roost). Gearys men fought their way well up to the enemys intrenchments on the crest, but with considerable loss and without being able to gain pos- session of Mill Gap. The troops were then withdrawn to a~ position in the valley out of reach of the enemys guns; Kilpatricks com- municated with General McPhersons command at Villanow, and then returned to Trickum. Brig. Gen. Ed. McCook was ordered to concentrate his cavalry division and take post on the left of General Schofield until General Stonemans cavalry could arrive and relieve him. From a prisoner captured at Buzzard Roost we learned that the force defending the passage of the gap amounted to 11,000 men, comprising Stewarts and Bates divisions, being supported by Hind- mans and Stevensons division.s, numbering 10,000 more. They had considerable artillery, but none heavier than 10-pounder caliber. The enemy was fortifying all night of the 7th and had masked bat- teries at points all through the pass. Heavy skirmishing was kept up aloiig the whole line during the 9th and 10th with considerable loss in wounded, and but few killed. General Hooker was directed on the 10th to send one division from his command to the support of General McPherson at Snake Creek Gap, to enable the latter to operate more freely from danger to his rear. Kilpatricks cavalry was also ordered to report to General McPherson. McCooks division of cavalry, posted on the left of General Schofields command, had a heavy skirmish with three bal- gades of the enemys cavalry on the road leading to Varnells Sta- tion, resulting in our driving the rebels to their intrenchments on Poplar Creek Hill, where they opened on McCooks troops with two pieces of artillery. Our loss was 136 men and 1~i officers killed, wounded, and missing; among the latter Colonel La Grange, of the First Wisconsin, who was captured. The enemys loss was greater than ours. General Hooker was directed to send another divisioii from his command to Snake Creek Gap, with instructions to repair the road through the gap so as to facilitate the passage of infantvy and wagons. On the 11th it was decided to leave one corps (Howards), sup- ported by Stonemans and McCooks divisions of cavalry, and move to Snake Creek Gap with the balance of the army, attacking the enemy in force from that quarter, while Howard was keeping up the impression of a direct attack on Buzzard Roost. This move Page 141 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 141 ment was to commence on the 12th. Instructions were given to corps commanders to provide their commands with ten days rations and a good suppiy of ammunition, sending all surplus wagons back to Ringgold. At 9 a. m. on the 13th General Howards command occupied Dal- ton, it having been evacuated by the enemy on the evening of the 12th, concentrating his troops in Dalton. General Howard pursued the enemy along the railroad in the direction of Resaca, capturing a considerable number of prisoners. The concentration of the balance of the army in Snake Creek Gap having been completed by the night of the 12th, at 8 a. m. on the 13th Hookers corps, preceded by Kilpatricks cavalry, moved out on the Resaca road in support of McPhersons troops, threatening Re- saca. Palmers corps moved out of Snake Creek Gap two miles northeast of Hooker, and then took a course parallel with the Resaca road, with orders to proceed as far as the railroad. On reaching the neighborhood of the railroad his skirmishers encountered those of the enemy strongly posted on the hills immediately west of the rail- road, and continued a fierce skirmish with them until night-fall. Butterfields division, of Hookers corps, moved up in support of Palmers right. About noon of the 14th Schofields and Palmers corps attacked the enemys positio~i on the hills bordering the railroad, meeting with very heavy resistance. General Schofields left being threat- ened, and he having called on me for support, I directed Newtons division, of Howards corps, which had just arrived from Dalton, to move to Schofields assistance, and subsequently the whole pf How- ards corps took post on the left of Schofield. During the afternoon Hookers corps, which had been acting as support to General Mc- Pherson, was shifted to the left of Howards command, and Wil- liams division reached the position assigned him just in time to meet and repel a fierce attack of the enemy who was endeavoring to turn Howards left flank. McCooks division of cavalry took post on the left of Hooker to guard against any further attempt of the .enemy in that direction. The fighting in Schofields and Howards front was very severe, but we drove the enemy from the hills he had occupied and forced him into his intrenciments beyond. From pris- oiiers captured we learned that Johnstons entire army was con- fronting us. At daylight on the morning of the 15th our line stood nearly as follows: Palmers corps on the right, connecting with the left of McPhersons line, then Schofield, Howard, and Hooker, with Mc- Cooks cavalry on our extreme left. Orders were issued during the night of the 14th for the whole line to advance at daylight on the 15th, provision being made for the retirement of Schofields troops from the position they then occupied, and directions having been given them to take post on the left, where they properly belonged, as soon as crowded out from the center of my line by the advance of Palmer and Howard. About 11 a. m. General Butterfields division, of Hookers corps, supported by Williams and Gearys, of the same command, attacked and carried a series of hills strongly occupied by the enemy on the east- ern road leading from Tilton to Resaca. The rebels were driven for nearly a mile and a half, our forces capturing 4 guns and a num- ber of prisoners Page 142 142 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ci~ip. L. Information was received by daylight on the 16th that Johnston had evacuated Resaca, and directions were immediately given for the whole army to start in pursuit. Our troops occupied the town about 9 a. m. and commenced repairing the bridge over the Ooste- naula, which had been partially burned by the enemy; a pontoon bridge was also thrown across above the railroad bridge, so that by iiight Howards corps had got across, and marched on Calhoun. Hookers command crossed the Connesauga at Fites Ferry and at a ford in its vicinity, thence marching south across the Coosawattee toward Adairsville. Palmers command was to follow after How- ards, except Davis division, which was detached and sent toward Rome to the support of Garrards cavalry, then acting under special instructions from the major-general commanding the military division. On the 17th our advance skirmished with the enemy nearly the whole distance from Calhoun to withiii two miles of Adairsville, when a fierce skirmish ensued, completely checking our farther progress, and occasioning considerable loss in wounded. Informa- tion was brought in about dark that the whole of Johnstons army was at Adairsville. The column was again set in motion on the morning of the 18th, the enemy having left during the night. Howards and Palmers commands moved on the direct road and along the railroad toward Kingston, camping at a point three miles north of the latter place. Hookers corps moved on a road running southeast from Adairsville, his instruction being to proceed as far as Cassville, and there await further orders. General Davis division, of the Fourteenth Corps, occupied Rome, capturing a large amount of commissary and quar- termaster stores, hospital supplies, & c., and all sorts of ammunition, enough to supply his command for two weeks. The enemy tried to destroy the valuable iron-works at this place, but failed to do them much injury. Howards troops entered Kings~dzrn about 8 a. m. on the 19th, skir- mishing with the enemy on the southeastern side of the town. The column started again about 11 a. m. and came up with what was reported to be Cheathams and a~nother division in line of battle on a hill about half way between Kingston and Cassville. Howaids troops shelled the enemy from this position, pushing on after him to within two miles of Cassville, skirmishing with his rear guard until dark, when the command halted for the night. Bairds divis- ion, of Palmers corps, was posted on the right of Howards corps. Hookers troops engaged the enemy on the road, leading direct from Adairsville to Cassville, skirmishing with him and driving him into his works at the latter place. At 10 p. m. General Hooker reported the town in possession of his troops. A deserter came into our lines with the information that Johnston received a re-enforcement of 6,000 men on the 19th, and that his army was now estimated at 70,000 strong. By direction of the major-general commanding the military divis- ion the whole command rested until the morning of the 23d. In the mean time, the railroad having been placed in running order as far as Cassville Depot, twenty days rations and forage were issued to the troops. Resaca was directed to be strongly held and made a depot of supplies, only such stores and provisions to be brought for- ward to Kii~gston and Rome as could be moved by the wagons present with the army. My directions were to move my army at dayligh Page 143 CHAP. LI REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAIND. 143 on the morning of the 23d on Dallas, by Euharlee and Stiles- borough; the division of Brig. Gen. Jeff. C. Davis, at Rome, as soon as relieved by troops from General McPhersons army, to march direct on Dallas, by way of Van Wert. The advance guard of Mc- Cooks division of cavalry reached Stilesborough on the afternoon of the 23d, and found the place occupied by a strong force of the enemys cavalry, supported by infantry, which resisted his farther advance, skirmishing with him until dark. The commands of Major-Generals Hooker, Howard, and Palmer camped on the south side of Euharlee Creek, in accordance with my directions. General Hooker was directed to send une division of his command at daylight on the morning of the 24th to push the enemy across Raccoon Creek toward Allatoona, on t A abama road, and hold him in that position until relieved by the Army of the Ohio, cover- ing the movements of the balance of the Twentieth Corps, di?ectly through Stilesborough, upon Burnt Hickory, at which latter place his whole command was to encamp. McCooks division of cavalry was to precede the Twentieth Corps in the movement upon Burnt Hickory, and then take up a position tow& rd Allatoona, picketing the roads strongly, and covering the movements of the army. The Fourth Corps followed the Twentieth Corps, camping on its right, and the Fourteenth Corps, not being able to reach Burnt Hickory on account of the crowded state of the roads and the difficult nature of the ground passed over, cajnped at a point on Allatoona Ridge, about half way between Stilesl*rough and Burnt Hickory. McCook reached Burnt Hickory about 2 p. in., after skirmishing with the enemy about four miles. He captured a rebel courier, bearing a dispatch to the rebel General Jackson, commanding a division of cavalry, with instructions from General Johnston to observe our movements toward Burnt Hickory, and stating that Johnston was moving in the direction of Dallas and Powder Springs. General Garrard, commanding Second Cavalry Division, informed me that he was camped on Pumpkin Vine Creek, about three miles from Dallas, and that in moving on that place, and when within a quarter of a mile from it, he was attacked by what was reported by prison- ers to be Bates division, the advance of Hardees corps. Garrard repulsed this force and drove it back toward Dallas. On the 25th the First Division of Cavalry (McCooks) moved on the road leading to Golgotha, preceding Butterfields division, of the Twentieth Corps. The balance of General Hookers command ad- vanced on the road leading to Dallas running south of the one used by Butterfields division. Howards corps followed Hookers, and in rear of Howard, Palmers. About 11 a. m. General Gear y s division, of the Twentieth Corps, being in advance, came upon the enemy in considerable force at a point about four and a half miles from Dallas, the country on both .sides of the road being thickly wooded and cov- ered with undergrowth. Geary skirmished heavily with the enemy, slowly driving him, until Butterfields and Willianis divisions came up and relieved Gearys troops. Soon after the arrival of Williams, about 3 p. in., the column was again put in motion, Williams divis- ion in advance, and, although heavily engaged, drove the enemy steadily before it into his intrenchments. Our loss was heavy, but it is believed that the loss of the enemy was much greater. Shortly after 3 p. m. the head of Howards column got within supporting distance of Hookers corps, and Newtons division was placed in posi- tion on Hookers left about 6 p. in., and by morning the whole of ~F{owards corps was in position on the left of Hooker Page 144 144 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. The roads were so full of wagons that Palmers corps could not get into position by night of the 25th, but on the morning of the 26th Johnsons division, of the Fourteerth Corps, was moved up to within a short distance of Hookers and Howards commands, and was posted in reserve. Davis division, Fourteenth Corps, which had reported back to its conrniand (it having been relieved at Rome by troops from the Army of the Tennessee), was sent by General Palmer to move on Dallas by the most direct road from where he then was to support General McPhersons command, and communicate with the right of General Hooker. Bairds division, of the Fourteenth Corps, was left at Burnt Hickory to protect the trains at that point and the rear of the army. McCooks division of cavalry met the enemys cavalry on the road leading from Burnt Hickory to Marietta near its intersection with the lower Dallas and Allatoona road. McCooks troops skirmished heavily with the force opposing them, inflicting on them considerable loss and capturing 52 prisoners, from whom it was ascertained that the whole of Wheelers cavalry was posted on the right of the rebel army. The left of General Howards corps was swung around to the right, occupying a line of hills running nearly perpendicular to the line occupied by Hooker on the 25th, thereby threatening the enemys right. The Twenty- third Army Corps, Major-General Schofield commanding, was posted on the left of my command, Schofields left extending to and cover- ing the road leading from Allatoona to Dallas, via New Hope Church. There was light skirmishing all day while Howard and Schofield were working into position, and at dark on the 26th Howards left connected with Schofields right. In the mean time trains were brought up and rations and ammunition issued where practicable. Strong breast-works were thrown up all along the line, the men working cheerfully and prepared to resist any attack the enemy might see fit to make. On the 27th, in accordance with instructions given by the major- general commanding the Military Division of the Mississippi, Hookers and Howards corps pressed the enemy, supported by con- siderable artillery firing. Woods division, of Howards corps, supported by Johnsons division, of Palmers corps, was moved to the left of Schofields line and swumig around toward the right, at- tackimig the enemys right flank and driving him into his rifle-pits, with considerable loss, however, to our troops. Our men had to contend with an almost hidden foe, the ground being cut up into ravines and covered by a dense forest filled with undergrowth; but notwithstanding all the difficulties of the country both officers and men did their work nobly, and having assumed a position were not to be moved from it. The enemy came out of his works in front of Newtons division, of Howards corps, attacking Wagners and Kim- balls brigades, but was driven back after a short and warm contest. General Davis occupied Dallas with his division on the afternoon of the 27th, skirmishing with the enemy and driving him as far as he could without losing his connection with General McPherson. Davis reported tlAat after skirmishing all the afternoon he developed the enemy in force and strongly posted in front of his (Davis) left, with a battery in position on a hill commanding the road between him and General Hooker. Davis had, however, cut a road through the forest to his rear, by which he could communicate safely with Hooker. During the night of the 27th the enemy attacked Davis and was repulsed after a sharp fight, leaving behind him a fe Page 145 CHix~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 145 wounded and 27 prisoners, belonging mostly to Polks corps. By this time it had been ascertained beyond a doubt that Johnston had his whole army with him, strengthened by Polks command and detachments sent from various points to re-enforce him. He had taken up a strong position, which he was steadily strengthening with earth-works, evidently with the determination to make a firm stand where he then was. On the 28th our line stood as follows: Hookers corps (Twentieth) on the right, with Davis division, of Palmers corps, still on his right, but acting as a support to the Army of the Tennessee; two divisions of Howards corps (Fourth) on the left of Hooker; then the Army of the Ohio, Major-General Schofield comm.anding. Woods division, of Howards corps, on the left of Schofields com- mand, with Johnsons division, of Palmers corps, on the left of Wood; Stonemans division of cavalry holding a hill to the left of Johnson, and then McCooks division of cavalry holding the road leading from Burnt Church to Marietta, via Golgotha, and guarding the left of the army. During the 28th there was considerable artil- lery firing, with skirmishing at intervals during the day and night. During the night of the 29th the enemy felt our line at several points, without making a serious attack at any one place. They found our men vigilant and fully prepared for them. .Owing to the close proximity of the enemys lines to the right of ours, neither McPherson nor Davis could withdraw from their positions without being attacked and forced to return, so that the project of using their commands to relieve Hooker, Howard, and Schofield, allowing these latter to take post on the left of the line, could not be carried out, although three attempts at a withdrawal were made by McPherson and Davis on the nights of the 29th, 30th, and 31st. In the mean- while, the position of the army remained unchanged up to the 31st, our skirmishers and those of the enemy exchanging occasional shots. The detailed reports of the subordinate commanders will be for- warded as soon as handed in. I have the honor to forward herewith a consolidated return of cas~ nalties for the month, as also a return of prisoners captured, and a list of captured property and ammunition expended. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Major-General, U. S. Volunteers, Comutanding. Lient. Col. R. M. SAWYER. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Mu. Div. of the Mississippi. [Inclosure No. 1.] List of casualties in the Army of the Gumberland during the month of May. Killed. Wounded. Missing. corps. 5) 5) 5) 5) C) C) 0 5) 5) be 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ FourteenthArmycorps 14 210 54 1,100 2 75 1,455 Twentieth Army corps 22 387 127 2,880 2 499 3,917 Fourth Army corps 30 493 120 2,471 4 284 3,402 Total 66 1,090 301 6,451 8 858 8,774 10 R RYOL XXXVIII, PT Page 146 146 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. tCHAP. L. The report of the Fourth Army Corps is to June 5. Of the 284 missing, 255 are from General Woods division and were lost at Picketts Ivlills, May 27. General Wood says: I am fully satisfied that nearly the whole of them were either killed outright on the field, or were wounded and could not be brought away, and fell into the hands of the enemy.~~ GEO. H. THOMAS, Major-General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. [Inclosure No. 2.) List of cannon, arms, accouterments, & c., captured from the enemy and collected ~rom the battle-field during the month of May, 1864. CANNON. Four 12-pounder guns, bronze. Four 6-pounder guns, iron. GUN CARRIAGES. Four 12-pounder gun carriages and limbers. Four 6-pounder gun carriages and limbers. Two battery wagons. Also several limbers, spare wheels, ammunition-chests, and spar~ parts of car- riages. SMALL-ARMS. Enfleld rifles, caliber .57 2,072 Springfield rifles, caliber .58 1, 110 Austrian rifles, caliber .54 484 Smooth-bore muskets, caliber .69 460 Confederate rifles, caliber .58 28 Siege rifles 59 Prussian muskets, caliber .69 3 Sharps carbine, caliber .52 1 Colt rifle, caliber .56 1 Also several musket barrels. INFANTRY ACCOUTERMENTS. Cartridge-boxes and plates 1,919 Cartridge-box belts and plates 882 Waist belts and plates 1,023 Bayonet scabbards 923 Cap pouches 982 AMMUNITION EXPENDED DURING THE MONTH OF MAY, 1864. Rounds. 20-pounder Parrott 434 24-pounder howitzer 2 12-pounder guns 5,221 10-pounder Parrott 2,477 3-inch 3,745 Artillery ammunition 11,879 Elongated ball cartridges 2,608, 210 Spencer rifles 3,000 Colt rifles 2,500 Small-arm ammunition 2,613,710 T. G. BAYLOR, C~apt. and Chief of Ordnance, Dept. of the C~umberland. Page 147 C~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 1411 [Inclosure No. 3.] OFFICE PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL, Browns Mill Creek, Ga., Jane 4, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to report herewith the number of prisoners of war and deserters disposed of by the assistant provost- marshal-general at Nashville and Chattanooga, Teun., which have been received by them during the month of May, 1864. I remain, general; very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. G. PARKHURST, Colonel and Provost-Marshal-General. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM D. WHIPPLE Assistant Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff. Prisoners. Deserters. Officers. Men. Number passed through office at Nashville 34 1,628 257 Number of deserters disposed of at chattanooga 338 Number en route to Nash yule not received up to May 31 167 15 Total 34 1,795 610 Of tllese there were received from FourthArmycorps 9 355 Fourteenth Army corps 2 9 Twentieth Army corps 5 412 39 Twenty-third Army corps 221 60 Army of the Tennessee 6 125 cavalry command ........ ~ 2 Received at chattanooga, Tenn~, by charge of 10 355 502 prisoners en route to Nashville, and for which I am unable to give credit to any particular command. Total.. 34 1,795 610 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, In the Field, July 16, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to report the operations of my com- mand for the niouth of June, as follows: June 1, Hookers, Howards, and Palmers corps were confronting the enemys position at New Hope Church, near Dallas, Ga., with McCooks division of cavalry on the left of the army guarding the approaches from the direction of Acworth and Marietta. June 2, Gene~a1 Hookers corps having been relieved in the posi- tion it occupied on the right of my army by General McPhersons troops, moved in support of the Army of the Ohio, Major-General Schofield commanding, and occupied the hills on the extreme left of my line which had been previously held by Stonemans and Mc- Cooks divisions of cavalry, McCook taking post on the left of Schofield on the Dallas and Acworth ,road. Bairds division, of Pal- mer s corps, moved up from Burnt Hickory, and took up a position in reserve behind Johnsons division, of the same corps. Davis division, of Palmers corps, relieved General Schofields troops at the same time that General Hooker was relieved by General McPher- sons command. As soon as the troops got into their new positions, Schofields and Hookers corps, and Bairds division, of Palmers corps, swung round toward the right, skirmishing with the enemy a Page 148 .148 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L~ they advanced, gaining some ground, which they immediately pre- pared to hold. Howards corps, on the right of my line, occupied the enemys attention, and was held in readiness to follow the gen- eral movement against the enemys right. June 3, General Palmer advanced Bairds division about a mile in a southeasterly direction, and General Hooker moved Butter- fields and Gearys divisions toward the Acworth and Dallas road, sending one brigade to take possession of and hold the bridge across Allatoona Creek, four miles southwest from A~llatoona. General E. M. McCook, with his division of cavalry, took position on the direct road from Dallas to Acworth at the crossing of Allatoona Creek, one and a half miles south of and above the crossing held by General Hookers troops. Sconts were sent into Acworth, reaching there at 11 a. in., finding the town nearly deserted. They captured a few of the enemys vedettes. On reaching the new position the troops were immediately set to work strengthening them by breast-works of logs, while continual skirmishing was bejug kept up with the enemy. During the night of the 4th the enemy fell back from our front, his works being found completely evacuated on the morning of the 5th. After a careful reconnaissance of the ground lately occupied by him, the conclusion was that he had fallen back in the direc- tion of Big Shanty, a point on the railroad about six miles from Marietta. June 6, General Hooker moved his command to the vicinity of McLeans house, on the Sandtown road, near its intersection with The Burnt Hickory and Marietta road, and about three miles southwest from Acworth. General Palmers corps was posted on General Hookers left, Palmers left resting on Proctors Creek; General Howards corps in the vicinity of Durhams house. By direction of the major-general commanding the military division, the whole command remained in the above position until the morning of the 10th instant. In the mean time the railroad was completed through to Acworth, and rations and ammunition were replenished. June 9, General E. M. McCook, commanding First Division of Cavalry, made a reconnaissance toward the enemys position in our front. After passing two miles beyond the pickets of the Twentieth Army Corps, he came upon those of the enemy on the Marietta side of Allatoona Creek, and drove them in upon a heavier line about a mile beyond, coming in view of the enemys camp on Pine Hill, where they appeared to be in force. June 10, Palmers corps moved out of camp on a road running in a southeasterly directioii, passing by Owens house, and found the enemy strongly posted on Pine Hill, skirmishing with him until dark. Howards corps moved on the Burnt Hickory and Marietta road and took post on the right of Palmer in front of Pine Hill. Hookers corps moved on the same road with General Howards command. June 11, the commands of Generals Palmer and Howard moved to the left and slightly in advance of their position of yesterday, Gen- eral Palmers left resting on the railroad and connecting with Gen- eral McPhersons army. The enemy was found to be strongly posted on a line of hills running west from Kenesaw Mountain to Lo~t Mountain, with a strong advanced work on Pine Hill. The ap- proaches to this position were over a very broken and thickly wooded country which two days of rain had rendered almost impassable Page 149 cHAP. Li REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. i49 June 14, Palmers corps and the left of Howards pushed forward to a position about a mile in advance of their line established on the 11th, Howards right being already in close proximity to the enemys position on Pine Hill. June 15, the enemy having evacuated Pine Hill during the night, it was occupied by General Howards troops early in the day. About noon General Hookers corps, on the right of Pine Hill, advanced against the enemys position directly in his front, driving him to his main works after very heavy skirmishing and considerable loss. Howards~ corps also moved against the eneiy on the left of Pine Hill and succeeded in driving him to his main fortifications. Both Hooker and Howard established themselves within 100 yards of the enemys main line, and immediately secured the position gained. The right of Palmers corps moved in connection with General Howards left. June 16, Hooker and Howard remained inthe positions taken up by them yesterday, their skirmishers being close up to those of the enemy, keeping up a steady firing all day. Palmer advanced his center division a short distance toward the enemys works, shorten- ing and more nearly perfecting the line established by yesterdays operations. Batteries were placed at commanding points along the entire line, and kept up a continuous fire on the enemys works and camps. June 17, having ascertained during the night that the enemy had evacuated his main line of works, the Fourth and Twentieth Corps were advanced early in the morning, passing oVer the fortifications lately occupied by the enemy, and swinging around toward the southeast, proceeded until their skirmishers came upon those of the enemy, whose main force was posted on a line of hills bordering Mud Creek, on the Marietta side of it, running nearly perpendicu- lar to their earth-works lately abandoned, an.d in a southwesterly direction from Kenesaw Mountain. The right of Palmer moved in conformity with Howards corps, keeping up the connection with the left of it, while Palmers left still rested on the railroad in front of Kenesaw, connecting at that point with the right of the Army of the Tennessee. Hookers right rested at and a little in advance of Darbys house, on the Sandtown road, nearly five miles due west from Marietta. Part of General Howards troops, in the center, under the fire of a heavy cannonading previously ordered, charged the enemys rifle-pits and effected a lodgment in the woods close up to his main line. During the night the enemy made two attacks upon this force and was repulsed each time. General McCooks division of cavalry turned the enemys left during the afternoon, driving his cavalry across Mud Creek, on the Dallas and Marietta road, to within six miles of Marietta, and capturing 2. Ii ospitals con- taining 5 officers and 35 efilisted men, 14 nurses, and 2 surgeons. June 18, at 4 a. m. Woods division, of Howards corps, pressed up close to the enemys works, finding him still in force. Shortly after, the right of Howards skirmishers, strongly supported, advanced suddenly and carried an intrenched line of rebel works, capturing about 50 prisoners. The enemy tried hard to regain the ground, but failed in every attempt they made. Howards men pressed the enemy so closely that he could not throw out skirmishers from his works, while our pickets, and at some points our main line, kept up such a well-directed fire of musketry that the rebels could not us Page 150 150 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [C~. L. their artillery. During the day and night batteries were worked into positions from which the enemys works could be enfiladed, should he remain in them by morning. June 19, at 5 a. m. each of my corps commanders notified me that the rebels had fallen back from our front, and an advance of the whole line was immediately ordered. Howards troops came up with the enemy at 7 a. m. on the Burnt Hickory and Marietta road, finding him posted on a line of ridges just west of Marietta, and apparently in strong force. Skirmished with him heavily all day, capturing 250 prisoners, among whom were 14 commissioned offi- cers. General Palmer formed his corps on the left of Howards, close up to the base of Kenesaw Mountain. General Hooker came up with the enemy across Noyes Creek, on the Dallas and Marietta road, strongly posted on a line of ridges, evidently a continuation of those in General Howards front. Skirmishing was kept up along the line until dark, the troops in the mean time getting well into position. June 20, Woods and Newtons divisions, of Howards corps, were moved to the right to relieve Williams and Gearys divisions, of Hookers corps, posted across the Dallas and Marietta road, near Guess house; the movement being made in order to enable General Hooker to operate more strongly against the enemys left flank, and at the same time co-operate with and support General Schofields army, which was nearly two miles distant on the Sandtown road, endeavoring to cross Noyes Creek, the enemy disputing his passage. Stanleys division, df Howards corps, carried a hill to the right of the Burnt Hickory and Marietta road, driving the enemy from his skirmish rifle-pits and into his main works. The position gained was immediately strengthened by earth-works, which were scarcely completed when the enemy in strong force assaulted Stanley and was quickly repulsed with severe loss. He made a second attempt in less than half an hour afterward, and was again driven off, our men capturing about 20 prisoners. At dark the right of Palmer con- nected with General Howards left. J~une 21, General Howards troops carried a hill about 700 yards in advance of the position gained the night before; his main line was moved up about 500 yards, fortifying the position, under a terrible artillery fire from the enemy, our skirmishers taking possession of an intrenched line lately occupied by the enemy. A number of prisoners were captured, and the conduct of the troops was admira- ble. General Hookers troops carried and occupie(l a prominent hill about 500 yards in advance of his old line, and then connecte(l his left with General Howards right. June 22, Williams division, of Hookers corps, skirmished itself into position on the right of Gearys divisjon, the right of Williams resting at Kolbs house, on the Powder Springs and Marietta road. About 4 p. m. the enemy in heavy force attacked Knipes brigade in its advanced position before his men had time to throw up any works, and persisted in the assault until sundown, when they with- drew, their ranks hopelessly broken, each assault having been re- pelled with heavy loss. While this attack on Hooker was in prog- ress the enemy opened heavily with artillery along our whole line, to which we answered fully to his satisfaction, our practice being very fine. After dark General Howards left division (Stanleys) was relieved by Kings division, of the Fourteenth Corps, Stanley in turn relieving the left division of Hookers corps, which was trans- ferred farther to the right Page 151 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETO.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 151 June 23, it having been found desirable to gain possession of a prominent hill a short distance in advance of Stanleys position on Howards right, directions were given to the latter to advance a strong skirmish line toward the enemys works in front of Stanleys and Newtons divisions, and if found practicable, without too much sacrifice, to carry the hill by assault. This movement was preceded by a heavy cannonade from Howards batteries and part of Hookers, lasting fifteen minutes. Stanleys skirmishers carried the enemys skirmish rifle-pits, capturing a number of prisoners, but could not gain the main works on the crest of the hill. They held the ground gained until after night-fall, when, being attacked in front and flank by a greatly superior force, Stanley was obliged to fall back to the position he occupied in the afternoon previous to the advance. On the center and left of Howard the advanced line secured themselves in their positions and were able to hold them. June 25,. Davis division, of Palmers corps, being on the ex- treme left of my army, was relieved by troops from General McPher- sons army, and moved to a position in reserve, behind the right of Howards line. This change was effected after dark, and by day- light on the 26th Davis troops had reached the position assigned them. Bairds division, of Palmers corps (being relieved by troops from the Army of the Tennessee), was also withdrawn from ~ts posi- tion in line in front of Kenesaw Mountain and moved during the night of the 26th to a position in reserve near that occupied by Davis troops. June 27, at 8 a. m. the enemys works were assaulted at two points, one in front of Newtons division, of Howards corps, and the other in front of Davis division, of Palmers corps, Davis having relieved the right division (Stanleys) of Gener~d Howards line. Stanley moved his command a short distance to the left, and acted as a support to Newtons division in its assault upon the works, Woods division being in reserve. Davis assault was supported by Bairds division, of Palmers covps, on the right, and Hookers whole corps was held in readiness to support the movement of Palmers and Howards commands. Although the troops were enabled to drive the enemy into his main works and reached that point with their main line, they were unable to carry the positions on account of the heavy fire of musketry and canister brought to bear upon them at short range, but held t he ground gained. Our loss was 1,580 killed, wounded, and missing, some of our men being shot while on the parapets of the enemys works. We took 130 prisoners. General Davis immediately commenced fortifying his advanced position at the distance of about seventy-five yards from the enemys fortifications, covering the working parties with such a heavy and well-directed fire of musketry that the enemy could not molest them in their operations. About midnight on the 29th the eneniy attacked Davis, overwhelming his skirmishers and driving them back, when they rallied and drove the rebels back again to their works. During the 29th and 30th all remained comparatively quiet along the line, the skirmishers in the most advanced positions only ex- changing occasional shots with the enemy. Throughout the month the enemys cavalry in small parties. as- sisted by guerrillas and disloyal citizens, have been prowling along the railroad between Chattanooga and the points occupied by the main army. On a few occasions they succeeded in burning one o Page 152 152 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. two unimportant bridges and attacked several trains passing over the road, burning a few cars. The troops along the railroad were al- ways on the alert, rendering it difficult for any very serious damage to be perpetrated. All breaks or interferences to travel were speedily re- moved by the well-organized construction party under the immediate superintendence of Col. .W. W. Wright (Forty-four.th U. S. Col- ored), chief engineer military railroads of the military division. IL have the honor to annex hereto a consolidated list of casualties for the month, a return of prisoners captured, and the amount of am munition expended. The detailed reports of the subordinate commanders will be for- warded as soon as handed in. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Major- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. Lieut. CoL R. M. SAWYER, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Mu. Div. of the Mississippi. [Inclosure No. 1.] List of casualties in the Army of the Clumberland during the month of June, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. corps. a 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Fourteenth corps 19 289 49 1,067 2 43 1,469 ~Fourthcorps 40 406 127 2,027 3 115 2,718 Twentieth corps 8 178 8.3 1,206 3 82 1,560 Total 67 873 2s9 4,300 8 ~1o 5,747 SOUTHARD HOFFMAN, Assistant Adjutant-General. HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Near Kenesaw Mountain, July 2, 1864. [Inclosure No. 2.] Report of arms, accouterments, & c., captured, lost, and becoming surplus in the Army of the Gu?nberland, for the month of June, 1864. captured. Lost. Surplus. Springfield rifles, caliber .58 40 398 475 Enfleld rifles, caliber .57 24 418 274 Austrian rifles, caliber .54 .... 73 Spencer rifles Sporting 4 Total 141 816 a798 a Rendered surplus by reason of men being killed or wounded and sent to the rear. T. G. BAYLOR, Capt. of Ord., Chief Ord. Officer, Dept. of the Cumberland. NEAR ATLANTA, GA., July 31, 1864 Page 153 Cu~. LI REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OP THE CUMBERLAND. 153 Report of ammunition expended by the Army of the Gumberland during the month of June, 1864. Artillery: Rounds. 20-pounder Parrott 186 24-pounder howitzer 16 12-pounder gun 10, 153 10-pounder Parrott 8,194 3-inch 10,002 Total 28,551 Small-arms Elongated ball cartridges, caliber .57 3,542,000 Spencer rifle cartridges 49,536 Colt rifle cartridges 3,970 Total 3,595,506 T. G. BAYLOR, Capt. of Ord., Chief Ord. Officer, Dept. of the Cumberland. NEAR ATLANTA, GA., July 31, 1864. [Inclosure No. 3.] Report of prisoners of war and deserters from the rebel army, received and dis posed of during the month of June, 1864. Prisoners. Deserters. 5 From what corps received. 0 ~ H 0 ~ H ~ Fourth Army cc.rps 16 346 362 1 18 19 381 Fourteenth Army corps 3 126 129 23 23 152 Twentieth Army corps 1 92 93 23 23 116 Cavalry command 3 34 37 1 1 38 Department of the Cumberlaud, not credited to 14 107 121 8 373 381 a 502 any corps. Total Department of the Cumberland 37 705 742 __9 438 447~ 1,189 Department of the Tennessee 22 371 393 2 52 54 447 Department of the Ohio 3 170 173 30 30 203 Total 25 54156612 82 84 650 Grand total 62 1,246 1,308 11 520 531 1,839 ajAt Chattanooga and Nashville. Respectfully submitted. H. M. DUFFIELD, Lieutenant, Ninth ilIich. Veteran Volunteer Infantry, and Asst. Provost-Marshal-General, Dept. of the Cumberland. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, August 17, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to report the operations of my com- mand for the month of July, as follows: The position of the Army of the Cumberland on the morning of the 1st of July remained as established immediately after the assault on the enemys works on the 27th of JuneHookers corps on til Page 154 154 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. right, his right connecting with the ieft of the Army of the Ohio, near Koibs house, on the Powder Springs and Marietta road; Pal- mers corps in the center, except Kings division, which occupied the works on the left of Howards corps, and connected with the Army of the Tennessee at the Burnt Hickory and Marietta road, in advance of Yorks house; the First Division of Cavalry, Brig. Gen. E. M. McCook commanding, was operating on the right of the Army of the Ohio and protecting that flank; the Second Division of Cav- alry, Brig. Gen. K. Garrard commanding, was still detached from my army and operating under instructions from the commanding general of the Military Division of the Mississippi, and the Third Division, Col. W. W. Lowe commanding, was stationed on the rail- road between Cartersville and Dalton, scouting the country thor- oughly between those two points. The troops of Generals Hooker, Howard, and Palmer had worked themselves at considerable cost of life and labor into position close up to the enemys forfifications, at some points within a hundred yards, and everywhere so near that they could advance no farther without making a direct assault on almost impregnable works. It was then decided by the major-gen- eral commanding military division to leave my command where it then was. to hold the enemy in check, carefully watching his move- ments, while the Army of the Tennessee would be withdrawn from my left and transferred to the right of the Army of the Ohio, with a view to turn the enemys left flank and force him from the strong position he held to the southwest of Kenesaw Mountain. This movement was in process of execution (luring the night of the 2d, when about daylight of the 3d each of my corps commanders noti- fied me that the enemy had left their respective fronts and that our skirmishers were in possession of his works. A pursuit was imme- diately ordered by different routes, the concentration to be at Mari- etta, which place was entered by my troops about 9 a. in. After a short delay the columns were again set in motion, Palmers corps moving along the railroad by the main Marietta and Atlanta road, with Hookers command on his right and Howards on his left; all three within supporting distance of each other. About four miles out from Marietta they came up with the enemys rear guard, and skirmished with him to near Ruffs Station, where he was found strongly posted in earth-~works, which had evidently been finished some time previous with a view to his being obliged to make his present retrograde movement toward the Chattahoochee. The lines were formed, and by night-fall the three corps had skirmished them- selves into position close up to the enemys works, having fully developed their situation and strength. Quite a number of prisoners and stragglers were picked up during the day, about 500 being reported. The next morning, July 4, the line of battle was readjusted, and during the afternoon the enemys skirmishers were driven into his main works and our main line was advanced a short distance, our skirmishers intrenching themselves on the line formerly occupied by those of the enemy. At 4 a. m. on the 5th information was received that the enemy had evacuated his fortifications, and our troops were in possession of them. A pursuit was ordered and made in three columns, How- ards corps, on the left, coming up with the enemy near Paces Ferry, over the Chattahoochee, just as he had safely effected a crossing of the river at that point and had cut loose the pontoon bridge o Page 155 CHAP. L.] REPORTS ETC.AflMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 155 which he had crossed. Our skirmishers advanced to the batik of the stream, and batteries were placed in position on the high ground behind, from which they kept up a vigorous shelling of the opposite shore. Palniers corps got to within a mile of the river, when he found the enemy strongly posted on a commanding hill and occupy- ing a strong earth-work at the northern extremity of the railroad bridge. This force was ascertained to be Hardees corps. General Hooker found considerable difficulty in crossing Nickajack Creek, not having effected it at night-fall. The railroad and telegraph were repaired and placed in running order to Vinings Station, eight miles south of Marietta. On the 6th Hookers corps crossed to the east side of Nickajack Creek, the commands of Generals Palmer and Howard remaining in the same position as yesterday. McCooks cavalry took posses- sion of Powers Ferry, about five miles above Paces Ferry. The corps commanders were directed to remain as at present posted, camping their commands in the shade as much as possible, and rest- ing the men all they could. In the mean time details were directed to be sent to the rear to procure clothing, & c., of which the troops stood sorely in need. In accordance with instructions given, a strong skirmish line was advanced on the 9th to feel the enemys position and to ascertain if he were still in force on the Marietta side of the river at the railroad bridge. His position was found to be unchanged since the 5th in- stant.~ General Howard sent Newtons division of his command to the support of Garrards division of cavalry, which had seized Ros- well Factory and the fords in its vicinity; Newton to be relieved by troops from the Army of the Tennessee, then moving toward Roswell via Marietta. On the 10th the enemy evacuated his fortifications on our side of the river and fell back toward Atlanta, destroying in his retreat the railroad and wagon bridges. The corps commanders were directed t6 throw forward a line~of skirmishers and occupy the abandoned works. General Howard was directed to move to the left with the remaining two divisions of his corps and take post within supporting distance of the Army of the Ohio near the mouth of Soap Creek. On the 12th Howards corps crossed the Chattahoochee at Powers Ferry and advanced to Abernathys house, where he formed on the right of t]ie Army of the Ohio, which had crossed at Phillips Ferry a few days previous. A deserter belonging to Walkers division, Hardees corps, who came into our lines on the 13th, stated that Johnstons army was sta- tioned around Atlanta within a circuit of four miles, and that the fortifications of that place were being rapidly strengthened. In the mean time the citizens were leaving for farther south and the Government property was being removed. McCooks division of cavalry moved on the 15th to a position near Vinings Station and went into camp, his instructions being to post his command along the north bank of the river, between Paces and Turners Ferries, as soon as the balance of the troops had crossed, and guard the rear of the army. On the 17th, according to instructions given the night previous, General Howard sent Woods division of his corps down along the south bank of the river to a position across the Paces Ferry road, leading to Atlanta, to cover the laying of a pontoon bridge at the ferry. As soon as Woods troops had brushed away th~ enemy Page 156 156 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca& p L. a pickets lining the south bank the pontoon train, under charge of Col. G. P. Buell, Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteers, was moved forward to the river and a bridge laid with remarkable celerity and precision by 11 a. in., and shortly afterward a second. As soon as the first bridge was completed Palmers corps commenced crossing and immediately after Palmers General Hookers command went over. Palmers ad- vanced division (Davis) relieved Woods division, of Howards com- mand, and the latter immediately proceeded to rejoin the balance of its corps at Abernathys house. About a mile beyond the river Davis~ division came upon the enemy in some force posted among the turnings of the hills, who fired upon his advance, and, after some show of resistance, fell back toward NancyL ~ The column was again set in motion, and proceeded to near Kyles Bridge, over Nancys Creek, where line was formed by Palmers corps, with Hookers corps on its left, Palmers skirmishers being pushed out from his right toward the junction of Nancys and Peach Tree Creeks. Light skirmishing continued until dark. On the morning of the 18th the whole command crossed Nancys Creek; and, driving the enemy before it in its advance, pushed for- ward to a position in front of the old Peach Tree road, leading from Turners Ferry to Decatur, Palmers right resting near the junction of Nancys and Peach Tree. Creeks, with Hookers corps on his left, Hookers left connecting with Howar.ds corps at Buck Head. The advance of Howards corps, moving down the main road leading from Buck Head to Atlanta, reached the crossing of Peach Tree Creek at 6.30 a. m. on the 19th, finding the bridge destroyed and a pretty fair infantry work constructed as a bridge-head, just beyond, manned with infantry. During the afternoon a crossing was forced by Woods division a short distance below the Buck Head and Atlanta road, and by Stanleys above, both divisions effecting a lodgment on the south side by dark, the enemy stubbornly resist- ing their advance. By direction of the major-general commanding the military division, Stanleys and Woods divisions, of Howards command, were closed to the left on the Army of the Ohio, which was moving on a road leading to Decatur, leaving Newtons division, of Howards corps, to the right of the Buck Head and Atlanta road. During the afternoon of the 19th parts of Hookers and Palmers corps were crossed over to the south side of Peach Tree Creek, the latter meeting with considerable resistance. The whole command was across at an early hour on the 20th and the line was adjusted. The left and center advanced to feel the enemy during the afternoon, and while on open ground and unpro- tected by any works, were assaulted furiously, the attack falling first on Newtons division, which gallantly stood its ground, repel- ling charge after charge, although his left was very much exposed throughout the contest; thence sweeping toward the right they assaulted Hookers corps, and the left brigade (McCooks) of John- sons division, of Palmers corps. Each assault of the enemy was met gallantly by the whole line and hurled back, our men not yielding a foot of ground. The fighting 4~ontinued throughout the afternoon till sundown, when the enemy, repulsed at all points, fell back to his works. Our loss was severe, num bering 1,600 in killed and wounded, but judging from the number of the enemys dead left on the field and buried by us (200 being found in Newtons front alone) his loss must have been much greater. We captured 360 prisoners, of whom 122 were wounded, besides several stand of colors, small Page 157 CHAP. LI REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 15Z arms, & c.- Woods and Stanleys divisions, of Howards corps, drove the enemy from two lines of outer works, capturing some prisoners, and developed a strong line of works still farther on and within three miles of Atlanta. During the 21st there was considerable skirmishing along the entire line, our forces in the mean time crowding up to the rebel maui line of works, which were quite formidable. During the night of the 21st the enemy fell back to the fortifications imme(liately en- circling the city of Atlanta, and at an early hour on the 22d I had (lisposed my troops confronting the new line of defenses taken up by him. Palmers corps still held the right of my line, with his left resting near the Western and Atlantic Railroad, two and a half miles northwest of Atlanta, connecting at that point with General Hookers corps, which latter continued the line around to the main Buck Head and Atlanta road, where Howards corps took it up, Howards left connecting with General Schofields army near Colonel Howards house, on a road leading to Atlanta about one and a half miles southeast of the main Buck Head road. The position chosen by us was a strong one, and by night-fall of the 22d had been greatly strengthened by earth-works, and it having been ascertained that from several points Atlanta could be reached with rifled artillery, orders were given to keep up a steady fire upon the town night and day. McCooks division of cavalry was crossed to the east side of the river and posted on the right of my army, along Proctors Creek, extending over toward Mason and Turners Ferry, on the Chatta- hoochee. General Rousseaus expedition reached Marietta on the 22d from Opelika, where he had been sent to break the West Point and Mont- gomery Railroad. He left Decatur, Ala., on the 10th instant, with a mounted force numbering 2,500 meu, and two pieces of artillery, and gives the result of his expedition as follows: The whole length of railroad destroyed was over thirty miles, including a num- ber of trestle bridges, a water-tank at Notasulga, the station buildings, & c., at Ope- lika, Auburn, Loachapoka, Notasulga, and considerable supplies and materials at each of those points. The enemy, under General Clanton, wasmet at Ten Island Ford, on the Coosa River, where he endeavored to dispute the passage of the expedition, but after a spirited skirmish was driven off with some loss. Again, near Chehaw Station, the enemy made an effort to pre- vent the disablement of the railroad, but after a stubborn resistance was obliged to retire, leaving in our hands about 40 of his dead and a large number of wounded. The command started from Opelika on the afternoon of the 19th to return, and, marching via Carroll- ton and Villa Rica, reached Marietta on the 22d, without meeting with any opposition. Although General Rousseau received his in- structions direct from the major-general commanding the military division, the expedition having be9n made up from troops belong- ing to my command, I take the liberty of mentioning their oper- ations officially, for a detailed account of which I respectfully refer you to the accompanying official report of Major-General Rousseau. From the 22d to the 28th of the month the position of my troops remained unchanged, with the exception that at some points grouiid was gained to the front, and the general line shortened. Good, per- manent bridges were constructed across the Chattahoochee at Paces Ferry, and at the raHroad crossing, the pontoon bridges at those two points being taken up and placed in conditioii for future move- ments Page 158 158 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. On the 29th Davis division, of Palmers corps (Fourteenth), sup- ported by Wards division, of the Twentieth, was sent to take post on the extreme right of the army, beyond the Army of the Tennes- see, with directions to push out toward the Macon and Western Rail- road, and endeavor to reach it, if possible to do so, without bringing on a general engagement. Davis skirmishers had not proceeded very far beyond the Greens Ferry road when they came upon those of the enemy intrenched. Line was then formed in front of the road, and connection established with the right of the Army of the Tennessee. In this position the troops remained for the night. By a reconnaissance made on the 31st by Davis division it was ascertained that the enemy was in force between him and the rail- road, and posted in earth-works, from which they opened on him with canister. After having developed the enemys position, the division retui~ned to its former position along the Greens Ferry road. The Third Division of Cavalry, Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick com- manding, stationed along the railroad between Cartersville and Resaca, has been particularly active throughout the month, patrolling and scouting the country thoroughly and guarding the railroad. The First and Second Divisions of Cavalry, acting under instructions di- rect from the major-general commanding the military division, were absent on a movement against the enemys communications toward Macon at the close of the month. Mention of their operations will be made hereafter. I have the honor to forward herewith a consolidated return of casualties, a return of prisoners and deserters received during the month, and a report from the chief of ordnance giving amount of ammunition expended, & c. The detailed reports of operations of the subordinate commanders will be forwarded as soon as handed in. I am, colonel, very respe6tfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Major-General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. Lieut. Col. R. M. SAWYER, Asst. Adjt. Gem., JiiIiil. Div. of the .Ailiississippi. [Inclosure No. 1.] HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Near Atlanta, Ga., August 4, 1864. Report of casualties in Army of the Gumberland during month of July, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Command. l~4 5) o 0 5) 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 Fourteenth Army Corps: First Division 6 83 18 368 1 13 474 Second Division 8 83 17 243 5 115 471 Third Division 2 15 14 107 1 139 Artillery 1 19 20 Total Twentieth Army Corps: Headquarters First Division Second Division Third Division 16 166 50 737 6 129 1,104 2 2 576 34 783 5 90 24 317 9 157 602 4 95 25 485 11 620 1,380 1) Total 310 80 ~02 2,OO Page 159 CHAP. L.J REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. Report of casualties in Army of the (ilumberland, & c.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Missing. ________________________ 4 Command. 4) 4) 4) 4) 0 ~ . n be 4) b4 0 0 Fourth Army Corps: First Division 3 18 10 175 .1 2 209 Second Division 1 27 9 152 7 196 Third Division 26 14 148 1 4 193 Total 4 71 33 475 2 13 598 Grandtotal 40 547 169 2,592 17 344 3,709 [Inclosure No. 2.] Report of prisoners of war and rebel deserters received and disposed of during the month of July, 1864. Prisoners. Deserters. -___ From what corps received. 4) 4) . 4) o 0 4) o bO o ~ H 0 ~ H ~ FourthArmyCorps I 15 604 619 . 20 20 639 Fourteenth Army Corps . -. 3 307 310 1 163 164 474 Twentieth Army Corps 19 573 592 1 38 39 631 Cavalry command 1 19 20 14 14 34 Department of the Cumberland and not credited to any 77 1,104 1,181 8 331 339 aI,520 corps. Total Department of the Cumberland 115 2,604 2,722 10 566 576 3,298 Army of the Tennessee 1 190 191 1 54 55 246 ArmyoftheOhio 9 278 287 1 100 101 388 Total 10 468 478 2 154 156 634 Grand total 125 3,075 3,200 12 720 732 3,932 a Received at Chattanooga. Respectfully submitted. H. M. DUFFIELD, Lieutenant, Ninth Michigan Veteran Infantry and Asst. Provost-Marshal-General, Dept. of the Cumberland. [Inclosure No. 3.] Report of arms captured, lost, and becoming surplus in the Army of the Cumber land for the month of July, 1864. Captured. Lost. Surplus. Enfleld rifles 303 73 1,146 Springfield rifles 143 274 1,226 Spencer rifles 17 Whitney rifles 6 Colt rifles French rifles 36 ... . Dresden rifles Austrian rifles 291 Harpers Ferry rifles 21 .... Total 794 347 2,412 T. G. BAYLOR, Capt. and Chief of Ord., Dept. of the Cumberi and. NEAR ATLANTA, GA., July 31, 1864. 15 Page 160 160 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Caip. L. [Inclosure No. 4.] Expenditures of artillery and small-arm ammunition in the Army of the Gum- berland for the month ending July 31, 1864. Artillery ammunition: No. of rounds. 20-pounder Parrott 2,344 10-pounder Parrott 4, 115 3-inch Rodman 8,261 12-pounder light gun 6,814 24-pounder howitzer 185 Total., 21,719 Small-arms ammunition: Elongated ball cartridges, caliber .57 and .58 2,256,720 Henry rifle cartridges 2,000 Spencer rifle cartridges 41,978 Colt rifle cartridges 3,710 Total 2,304,408 T. G. BAYLOR, Capt. and Chief of Ord., Dept. of the Cumberland. NEAR ATLANTA. GA., July 31, 1864. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Atlanta, Ga., September 13, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to report as follows the operations of my command during the month of August, 1864: On the 1st instant the Army of the Cumberland was in position as heretofore reported, viz, Palmers corps (Fourteenth) on the right, posted between the Turners Ferry road and the Western and Atlantic Railroad, facing a little south of east; Williams corps (Twentieth) in the center, extending from the railroad around to the Buck Head road; Stanleys corps (Fourth) on the left, between the Buck Head road and Howards house, on roads leading from Buck Head and Decatur to Atlanta, Stanleys left being refused so as to cover the Buck Head road; Garrards division of cavalry took post on the left of Stanleys corps with instructions to patrol the ap- proaches to the left of the army from Decatur and Roswell Factory; Kilpatricks division of cavalry was ordered to take post on the rail- road between Marietta and the bridge over the Chattahooche6. The Army of the Cumberland held the left of the grand line investing Atlanta, besides sending two divisions (Wards of the Twentieth and Davis of the Fourteenth Corps) to the support of the troops of other commands operating on the extreme right of the grand army. Major-General Palmer was directed on the 2d to move with the two remaining divisions of his corps to a position in reserve in rear of the Army of the Ohio, then operating on the extreme right to- ward East Point. Brigadier-General Williams, commanding the Twentieth Corps, was directed to occupy the works vacated by the troops of General Palmers command on his right, by extending his line in that direction, and Wards division was recalled from the support of the Army of the Ohio to enable General Williams more fully to carry out the above instructions. The withdraw~d o Page 161 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC. ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 161 Palmers corps left me with the Fourth and Twentieth Corps to hQld a line of works nearly five miles in length, approaching at some points to within 300 yards of the enemys fortifications. On the 3d Major-General Stanley pushed forward a strong line of skirmishers and succeeded in carrying the enemys picket-line on , the whole corps front, excepting on the extreme right of his line, where his men were met by a very destructive fire of musketry and canisterthe enemy opened from at least twenty pieces of artillery. Onr loss was about 30 killed and wounded, but we captured quite a number of prisoners, besides gaining considerable information re- garding the positions of the enemys troops and fortifications. Both Stanleys and Williams skirmishers again pressed those of the enemy during the afternoon of the 5th, with a view of diverting his attention from the movements of the Armies of the Tennessee and of time Ohio on our right. Palmers corps, which had beemi placed in position on the right of the Army of the Ohio by direction of Major-General Sherman, pushed out from along Olleys Creek and pressed close up to the enemys works, capturing a strong line of rifle-pits vigorously defended. Our loss was considerable, but we took 150 prisoners and gained an advantageous position. At the close of the engagement the skirmishers of the enemy and our own were only thirty yards apart. Our main line was moved up to within 400 yards of that of the enemy. On the morning of the 6th the enemy felt our line at various points from right to left, seemingly persistent in his efforts to find a weak point in the latter direction, omi the line of Stanleys corps. From information gained by us through Various sources more or less reliable, we learned the enemy had posted his militia, supported by one division of his veterans, on that part of his line immediately confronting the Fourth and Twentieth Corps, and that he used the balance of his army in extending his line to the left toward East Point, as our movements in the same direction threatened his pos- session of the railroads. Although this necessitated his holding a large extent of ground, he formed his troops on very advantageous ridges, strengthened by works of a umost impregnable character, rendering an assault on our part unjustifiable from the useless sacri- fice of life it would entail. While the enemy was busily engaged fortifying, our troops were not idle. Our position was also soon rendered impregnable to assault, and a constant shelling of the enemys fortificatiUns and the city of Atlanta was kept up day and night. In the meanwhile supplies of rations and clothing were being rapidly accumulated at the front, and our men enjoyed a season of restsuch rest as is to be found in the trenches. Cu the 6th, Maj. Gen. John M. Palmer having been relieved, from the com- inand of the Fourteenth Army Corps at his own request, Brig. Gen. R. W. Johnson, the senior division commander, took command of the corps. On th~7th, under General Johnsons direction, the corps advanced upon the enemys works in his front, and moving rapidly carried the first line of rifle-pits, capturing 172 prisoners and driving the enemy to their main works. The entire line of the Fourteenth Corps was theim advanced and fortified. Our loss during the 6th and 7th in the Fourteenth Corps was 70 killed and 413 wounded, includ- ing 17 officers. 11 R RvoL XXXVIII, PT Page 162 162 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CRAP. L. Brig. Gen. E. M. McCook, commanding Second Cavalry Division, reports as follows the result of his expedition to cut the enemys railroad communications to Macon and West Point. His instruc-. tions are specified in Special Field Orders, No. 42, of July 26, head- quarters Military Division of the Mississippi: Two and one-half miles of the Atlanta and West Point Railroad and telegraph. wire destroyed near Palmetto. The same amount of Macon and Western Railroad and five miles of telegraph wire destroyed near Lovejoys Station. Eleven hundred wagons burned, 2,000 mules killed or disabled, 1,000 bales of cotton, 1,000 sacks of corn, and 300 sacks of flour destroyed, besides large quantities of bacon and tobacco. He carried out his orders and accomplished all he was directed to do without opposition, and it was only when the command started on its return that General McCook ascertained that the enemys cav- alry was between him and McDonough, at which latter place he had expected to form a junction with General Stonemans expedition. Finding the enemy across his road in that direction, and being bur- dened with a good many prisoners and considerable captured prop- erty, General McCook turned toward the Chattahoochee River by way of Newnan, on the West Point railroad, and while on the way to that place was attacked by Jacksons division of cavalry, which he repulsed. Near Newnan the railroad was cut in three places. Between there and the river he wa~ surrounded by an overwhelming force of the enemys cavalry, supported by a large infantry force. These troops he attacked in the hope of cutting his way through them, and in doing so broke the whole right of their line, riding over Ross (Texas) cavalry brigade and making General Ross and his staff prisoners. The enenly sent fresh troops to supply the p lace of those shattered by McCooks charge, when the latter, fin ding he could not break their line permanently, directed his brigade coin- manders to cut their way out with their commands amid endeavor to cross the Chattahoochee by detachments. In this they were success- ful, but with the loss of their artillery. The latter, however, was deliberately (iestroyed before being abandoned. All the prisoners captured by us (about 400 in number) were also turned loose. Gen- eral MeCooks loss in killed, wounded, and missing, as well as in material, is great, but that of the enemy is considered much greater proportionately, amid is even so ackmiowledged by themselves. For details I have the honor to refer you to the report of General Mc- Cook accompanying this. About the 10th information reached me that the enemys entire cavalry force was concentrating in the neighborhood of Monticello and on the Ocmulgee River. Refugees amid deserters from the enemy stated that it was intended to send this large concentration of cav- alry under Wheeler on a raid into Tennessee against our commu- nications. On the afternoomi of the 14th the enemys cavalry, said to be 6,000 strong; attacked Dalton. Colonel Laiboldt, Second Missouri Infan- try, commanding the post, occupied the fort with a small ~mmand, and bravely defemided his position until re-enforced. Early on the morning of the 15th Major-General Steedman, with two regiments of white amid six compammies of colored troops, arrived at Dalton from Chattanooga amid imumediately attacked the enemy, drivimig him off toward Spring Place after four hours fighting. The enemys loss was heavyhe left his dead amid wounded on the field. Our lpss was 40 killed and 55 wounded. We captured about 50 wounded amid 2 surgeomis Page 163 CHAP. Li REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CTJMBERLAND. 163 Before appearing in front of Dalton, Wheelers men had destroyed about two mile~ of track on the railroad ~outh of Dalton, but by noon of the 17th the road was again in running order. Believing General Steedman to have sufficient troops at his disposal to beat off any further attack on the railroad, our whole attention was directed to the reduction of Atlanta, and at the same time it was determined to take advantage of the absence of the enemys cavalry to make one more effort to break the Macon and Western Railroad. Accordingly on the 18th Brig. Gen. J. Kilpatrick, commanding Third Cavalry Djvision, was directed to attack and destroy both railroads, and for this purpose lie was re-enforced by two brigades taken from Garrards cavalry division, stationed on the left of the army. With this force, numbering in all about 4,000 men and two batteries of artillery, General Kilpatrick moved out from Sandtown on the even- ing of the 18th. He met the enemys cavalry pickets when only a short distance out from Sandtown on the Chattahoochee, and skir- mished with them to Jonesborough on the Macon railroad, driving them through that place. For six hours the command was engaged destroying the track, & c., until near midnight of the 19th, when part of his command was attacked one mile below the town and driven in, but subsequently the enemy was repulsed. Toward daylight of the 20th he moved in the direction of Mc- Donough, and thence across country back to the railroad near Love- joys Station, reaching that point at about 11 a. m. on the 20th. There he met a brigade of infantry, and although repulsed at first, finally checked the advantage being gained by the enenfy and drove him back with heavy loss. While thus engaged fightiiig infantry, a heavy force of cavalry with artillery caine up in his rear, and he found he was completely enveloped. Determining at oiice to break the enemys line aiid extricate his command froni its delicate posi- tion, lie decided to ride over the eneniys cavalry and retire on McDonough. The movement was successfully niade and resulted in a complete rout of Jacksons cavalry division, numbering 4,000 men, leaving in our hands 4 guns, 3 battle-flags, and all his wagons. Some prisoners were taken and the enemys loss in killed and wounded is known to be large. Reforming his command, Kilpat- rick fought the enemys infantry for aa hour longer, when fin ding his men running out of animunition, lie retired in the direction of Latimers and Decatur without further molestation, reaching the latter place on the afternoon of the 22d. For details I have the honor to refer you to General Kilpatrick~ official report forwarded herewith; as also to that of Lieut. G. L Robinson, commanding Chicago Board of Trade Battery, and to an article* in the Chattanooga Rebel, published at Griffin, Ga., August 25. Pending the above movements to break the enemys railroad com- munications, the troops in front of the city kept up a constant shell- ing of the fortifications and buildings of Atlanta, and, as refugees informed us, with marked effect. The heavy cavalry force under Wheeler still continued to threaten our railroad in Northern Geor- gia and East Tennessee without seriously interrupting communica- tion with Chattaiiooga and Nashville. This, however, gave us no uneasiness, as we had a good accumulation of supplies within safe *()~ file Page 164 164 TILE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. proximity to the main army. A considerable forte of the enemy under Roddey had made its appearance in Northern Alabama, threat- ening to cross the Tennessee River near Decatur, with a view of destroying the railroad between that place and Nashville. Again in the vicinity of Clarksville, Tenn., and Fort Donelson, the enemy had become troublesome, although without doing very material damage. To the discretion and good judgment of Major-Generals Rousseau and Steedman, commanding respectively the Districts of the Ten- iiessee and the Etowah, and to Brig. Gen. R. S. Granger, command- ing the District of Northern Alabama, was left the disposal of the troops and the defense of our communications with our depots at the north. In compliance with the directions contained in Special Field Orders, No. 57, headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi (appended, marked A), promulgated to my corps commanders on the 16th of August, everything was placed in readiness for the execution of the contemplated movements by the time mentioned. The major-gem- eral commanding the military division having, however, decided to await the return of General Kilpatricks expedition, the Army of the Cumberland did not withdraw from its works until after dark on the night of the 25th. Stanleys corps, as directed from my head- quarters (see instructions to Generals Stanley, Williams, and Gar- rard appended, marked B), commenced the movement by withdraw- ing from the position he then held on the left of the army, to a line of ridges and high ground beyond, and to the rear of the position where the right of the Twentieth Corps rested. Here he remained and covered the withdrawal of the Twentieth Corps, the latter hav- ing been ordered to take post on the Chattahoochee, at the railroad bridge, Paces and Turners Ferries. Garrards division of cavalry covered the movements of the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, then crossed the Chattahoochee at Paces Ferry on the 26th, and recrossing at the bridge at Sandtown on the 27th, took post on Stanleys left, picketing Utoy Creek from Utoy Post-Office to Sand- town. The above movements were successfully executed, both corps being in the positions indicated at an early hour on the morning of the 26th. At 9 a. m. of the same day Stanley withdrew still farther to a point along Utoy Creek, posting his command on some ridges facing the creek and across the Sandtown road. The Fourteenth Corps, then commanded by Bvt. Maj. Gen. J. C. Davis, drew out from the position it had last held on the right of the Army of the Tennessee, and moving across Utoy Creek, took post on the right of Stanleys corps. Garrards division of cavalry was directed to operate Qn the left and rear of the army, while Kil- patricks division was similarly employed on the right. On the 27th Stanleys corps moved to Mount Gilead Church and formed line of battle along the road leading to Fairburn, skirmishing lightly with the enemys cavalry. The Fourteenth Corps (Davis) moved as far as Holbrooks house, on the Campbellton road, ad- vancing one brigade to Pattersons house, about a mile beyond, to cover the wagon trains of the corps. The Twentieth Corps was securely in position on the Chattahooch~e River, guarding the cross- ings and protecting the depots at Marietta. Maj. Gen. H. W. Slocumn assumed command of the corps, by virtue of General Orders, No. [238], War Department Page 165 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CtIMBERLAND. 165 At daylight on the 28th Davis corps moved from its encamp- ment near Holbrooks house to Mount Gilead Church, thence past the left of Stanleys corps, taking the road leading from Redwines house to Red Oak, on the West Point railroad. Davis reached the railroad at 4 p. m. and posted his corps on the right of it facing toward East Point. Stanleys command came up immediately after Davis and formed line on the left of the road. In this position the command remained for the night. Shortly after dark orders were issued to destroy the road by burn- ing the ties and twisting the rails after heating, The work of destruc- tion was continued throughout the night of the 28th and during part of the 29th. and when completed the railroad had been thor- oughly dismantled for a distanc~ of two miles north of my line and a little over a mile south of it. About 6 a. m. on the 30th the Fourteenth and Fourth Corps moved from Red Oak toward the Macon railroad. The Fourteenth Corps (Davis) concentrated at Flat Shoal Church about 9 a. in., and after resting for an hour moved on in an easterly direction toward Couchs house, on the Decatur and Fayetteville road, at which point line was formed, and the command went into camp. Communication was opened with the Army of the Tennessee at Renfroes house, two miles south of Couchs. The Fourth Corps formed on the left of the Fourteenth, its left extending beyond Manns house, the line of the corps running in a northwesterly direction from Couchs. The advanced divisions of both corps skirmished with the enemys in- fantry and cavalry during the day, and by sundown it was ascer- tained that the enemy was in force at Morrows Mill, on Crooked Creek, about three-fourths of a mile distant from the left of Stan- leys corps. Up to dark no communication had been established with the Army of the Ohio. Garrards cavalry was in the neighbor- hood of Red Oak guarding the left and rear of the army. On the morning of the 31st Stanleys corps moved to Morrows Mill, where it found the enemy in intrenchments very well finished, but occupied only by dismounted cavalry. These were driven out. The Army of the Ohio having come up, both commands pushed out for the railroad, which was reached at the Big Bend, between Rough and Ready and Jonesborough. General Stanley posted his corps be- tween the railroad and Cr6oked Creek, and in that position remained for the night. Part of the Fourteenth Corps, under Brigadier-Gen- eral Baird, made a reconnaissance and demonstration in front of Couchs house and reached the Macon and Western Railroad about two miles north of Jonesborough with the advance brigade, and de- stroyed about one mile of the track during the afternoon and night, although constantly annoyed by the enemys cavalry. While in this position a heavy column of the enemys infantry was seen mov- ing in a southerly direction on a road still to the eastward of the one then held by them. Some stragglers belonging to this column were picked up by our skirmishers, and from them it was ascertained that the troops we saw moving were Hardees and Lees corps. Up to this period the enemy had evidently been deceived as to the nature and strength of our movement on his communications, and only at this late hour had he detached any considerable force from the army in Atlanta. During the afternoon of the 31st, the Army of the Ten- iiessee being heavily attacked in the position it had taken up the night before near Jonesborough, and General Howard having aske Page 166 166 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. for re-enforcements, General Davis was instructed to send one divis- ion from his corps to its support. Kilpatricks division of cavalry, stationed on the right of the Army of the Tennessee, formed a pas- sage across Flint River, and drove the enemys pickets to within one-half mile of Jonesborough. He was th~n attacked in turn by a heavy force of infantry and forced to withdraw. September 1, at an early hour the remainder of the Fourteenth Corps moved from Renfroes house, on the Decatur and Fayetteville road;to rejoin that part of the command which had advanced the day before to the Rough and Ready and Jonesborough road. The junc- tion formed, the corps moved south toward Jonesborough and reached the pickets of the Army of the Tennessee about two and a half miles from the point of concentration. A reconnaissance was then sent out toward the railroad, which drove in the enemys skir- mishers and gained possession of a ridge on the north side of Mill Creek with but small loss. Later in the afternoon two divisions of Davis corps (Fourteenth) were formed on the ridge and artillery was opened on the enemys works with good effect. The line of battle being finally adjusted the command moved forward, attack- ing the enemy vigorously and driving him several hundred yards to his main works. An assault was then handsomely made on the works, which were carried along the entire line of Davis command after very heavy fighting and a loss of over 1,200 men. Two field batteries of four guns each were captured in the enemys fortifica- tions, together with about 1,000 prisoners (including 1 general officer and several field officers) and a number of small-arms and battle- flags. The enemys loss in killed and wounded was very severe. During this time the Fourth Corps (Stanleys) was moving~ from near Rough and Ready toward Jonesborough along the railroad, destroying it as the troops advanced. Arriving near Jonesborough the column was deployed with a view to advance against the enemys right flank, but it being already quite late, darkness came on and prevented any extensive movement. The line of Stanleys corps was on the left of the railroad facing southwest. Davis corps passed the night in the enemys works, the left of the line connecting with Stanley~s right at the railroad. During the night the enemy fell back fro~i Jonesborough, retreating toward Lovejoys Station, where he was followed on the morning of the 2d by the Fourth Corps and the Armies of the Tennessee and of the Ohio. Davis corps was directed to remain at Jonesborough to bury the dead and collect captured property. Stanleys corps moved along the railroad and to the left of it, coming up with the enemy just north of Lovejoys Station about noon. Line of battle was formed and preparations made to advance against the enemy, in con- junction with the Army of the Tennessee on the right. It was only at a late hour, however, that the assault was made and darkness pre- vented any decisive movement. Part of Stanleys troops gained the enemys works and carried a small portion of them, but could not hold possession of the ground for. want of co-operation on the part of the balance of the line. During the night infQrmation reached us that at 11 a. m. on the 2d the mayor and authorities of Atlanta had surrendered the city to a force of the Twentieth Corps, Major- General Slocum commanding, which in obedience to instructions previously given had been sent out from the Chattahoochee to feel the enemys strength. The city had been evacuated the night pr Page 167 CHAP. L.] REPOILTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CIJMBERLAND. 167 vious, the army destroying in its retreat public property of con.- siderable value, including eighty car-loads of ammuniti n. Four- teen pieces of artillery and several thousand stand of small-arms were found. On the 3d the major-general commanding the military division issued orders to the effect that the campaign was ended, and that the grand army would return to Atlanta and vicinity until a new plan could be considered regarding future movements. Directions were at the same time given for the withdrawal of the troops. Corps commanders were instructed to send to the rear all surplus wagons and whatever material that could obsti~uct the movements of the troops. The enemy still remained intrenched at Lovejoys, although he was discovered to be moving his trains toward Griffin with the su~osed intention of withdrawing his main army to that point or At 8 p. m. on the 5th, in conjunction with the rest of the army, the Fourth Corps quietly withdrew from its position and fell back to Jonesborough, reaching that place at daylight on the 6th. The withdrawal was admirably conducted and executed with complete success, although much impeded by a rain-storm and consequent bad condition of the roads. Both corps (Stanleys and Davis) remained quietly at Jonesborough during the 6th, although Davis rear guard was attacked by 1~he enemy as it was moving through the town to join the balance of the corps in position north of it; The enemy occupied Jonesborough during the afternoon with a cavalry advance guard, but contented himself with exchanging a few shots with our skirniishers. On the 7th at 7 a. m. the Fourth Corps withdrew from its camps near Jonesborough, moved along the railroad to near Sykes house, northeast of Rough and Ready, and took up a position for the night. The Fourteenth Corps fpll back simultaneously with Stanleys com- mand, marching on the main road leading to Rough and Ready from Jonesborough, and ~ras posted on the right of the Fourth Corps, north of Rough and Ready. The enemy showed no disposition to follow the movements of either command. The Army of the Cumberland reached Atlanta on the 8th, and was posted on the outskirts of the townDavis corps on the right, across the Campbellton road, Slocuin s corps in the center, and Stanleys on the left. The pickets of all three corps were thrown out well to the front, and occupied commanding positions. For a detailed report of the operations, I have the honor to refer you to the reports of the several corps commanders. Herewith I have the honor to forward returns of prisoners of war, of captured property, and ammunition expended, and a consolidated return of casualties. In concluding this report, I taI~e the greatest pleasure in calling attention to the uniform gallantry displayed by the officers and troops of the Army of the Cumberland in all the battles in which they participated, and in their unwavering constancy and devotion to duty at all times during the en tire campaign, commencing with the contests at Rocky Face Ridge and around Dalton and ending with the operations at Jonesborough and vicinity, which forced the enemy to evacuate Atlanta. During these four months of active campaign hardly a day has passed that some portion of this army was not engaged either in skirmishing or in actual battle with th Page 168 168 TIlE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. t. enemy, and on every occasion behaving with that self-reliance which is the sure prestige of success. All may be justly proud of their participation ~in the campaign against Atlanta. Among the many gallant and lamented dead who have given their lives to sustain and defend the honor of their country and Govern- ment we must enumerate Brig. Gem C. G. Harker and Col. Dan. McCook, Fifty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, who were mortally wounded, leading their respective brigades in the assault on the enemys intrenchments near Kenesaw Mountain, June 27. They were both skillful, brave, and accomplished officers. The members of my staff were at all times efficient and active in the discharge of their various duties. I inclose herewith the reports of subordinate commanders, which embody the operations of their respective commands in detail, and to which I have the honor to invite the attention of the major- general commanding the Military Division of the Mississippi. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Major-General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. Lient. Col. R. M. SAWYER, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Mu. Div. of the Mississippi. lInclosure No. 1.1 A. SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS, HDQRS. MIL. Div. OF THE Miss., In the Field, near Atlanta, Ga., No. 67. ) August 16, 1864. The movement of the army against the Macon railroad will begin Thursday night, August 18, and will be con.tinued on the following general plan: I. All army commanders will send across the Chattahoochee River and within the old rebel works at the bridge and down..asfa,r as Turners Ferry all surplus wagons, horses, men, and material8 not absolutely necessary to the success of the expedition, and will collect in their wagons with best teams bread, meat, sugar, coffee, & c., for fifteen days after the 19th instant, and ammunition, and park them near Utoy Creek. First move: General Kilpatricks cavalry will move to Camp Creek; General Schofield will cover the Campbellton road, ai~d General Thomas will move one corps (General Williams) to the Chattairoochee bridge, with orders to hold it, Paces Fer,ry bridge, and a pontoon bridge (Captain Kossaks) at Turners Ferry, ready to be laid down if necessary; the other coips (General Stanleys) will move south of Proctors Creek, to near the Utoy, behind the right center of the Army of the Tennessee, prepared to cover the Bells Ferry road; General Garrards cavalry will fall behind Peach Tree Creek, and act against the enemy should he sally against Gen- eral Williams or General Stanleys corps during the movement. Second move: The Army of the Tennessee will withdraw cross Utoy Creek, and move by the most direct road toward Faiburn, going as far as Camp Creek. General Thomas will mass his two corps (Generals Stanleys and Johnsons) below Utoy Creek, and General Garrards cavalry will join General Thomas by the most (lirect road or by way of Sandtown bridge, and act with him durin Page 169 CHAP. LI REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF TIlE CUMBERLAND. 169 the rest of the move. General Schofield will advance abreast of and in communication with the Army of the Tennessee as far as Camp Creek. Third move: The Armies of the Ohio and Tennessee will move direct for the West Point road, aiming to strike it between Red Oak and Fairburn. General Thomas will follow well closed up in two columns, the trains between. General Kilpatrick will act as the advance, and General Garrard will cover the rear, nuder direction of General Thomas. The bridges at Sandtown will be kept and protected by a detachment of cavalry detailed by General Elliott, with a section of guns or 4-gun battery. II. During the movement, and until the army returns to the river, the utmost care will be taken to expose as little as possible the trains of cars and wagons. The depots at the bridge, at Allatoona, and Marietta will be held against any attack, and communication kept up with the army as far as possible by way of Sandtown. On reach- ing any railroad the troops will at once be disposed for defense, and at least one-third put to work to tear up track and destroy iron, ties, and all railroad materials. By order of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman: L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Gamp. [Inclosure No. 2.] B. SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS, HDQRS. DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND, No. 226. Near Atlanta, Ga., August 17, 1864. * * * * * * * II. Pursuant to Special Field Orders, No. 57, from headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi, Major-General Stanley, com- manding Fourth Army Corps, will, early during the day to-morrow, dispose of his wagons as directed- in paragraph I of the order re- ferred to, sending those which he is to take on the march to the rear of the position he is directed to occupy, south of Proctors Creek. At 8 p. m. he will withdraw his entire corps from the breast-works, except a picket-line, and mass it on advantageons ground, some- where about the Meyer house, and cover the withdrawal of General Williams corps. The pickets of the Fourth Cory~s will withdraw at 12 midnight, retiring by the left flank, amid march to join their corps. After General Williams corps has withdrawn, General Stanley will continue his march to the position indicated, south of Proctors Creek, to near the Utoy. Brigadier-General Williams, commanding Twentieth Army Corps, will send his wagons to the rear early in the day to-morrow, and at 12 midnight will withdraw from the breast-works, the pickets following immediately after the passage of those of the Fourth Corps. He will move to the Chatta- h oochee River and take up the position indicated in the order from the headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi. The move- ments directed for the cavalry are so clearly defined in General Shermans ordQr, that no further instructions are considered neces- sary in this order. * * * * * * * By command of Major-General Thomas: WM. D. WHIPPLE, A ssistant Adjutant-General Page 170 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. [Inclosure No. 3.] Consolidated report of casualties in Army of the Guinberland for August, 1864. Command. Fourth Army Corps Fourteenth Army Corps. Twentieth Army Corps. Cavalry command Total Killed. a ~ 0 ~ H 5 33 38 8 151 159 1 39 40 4 15 19 Wounded. a a ~ 0 ~ H 4 174 178 27 793 820 8 181 189 12 185 197 Missing. a 0 ~ H 3 27 30 22 22 .... 11 11 10 227 237 300 18 238J 256 51 1,333~ 1,384 13 287 Aggregate. P a 0 0 ~ H 12 234 246 35 966 1,001 9 231 240 26 427 453 82K858 1,940 GEO. H. THOMAS, Major- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Atlanta, Ga., September 19, 1864. [Inclosure No. 4.] Report of prisoners of war and deserters from the rebel army received and disposed of during the month of August, 1864. Prisoners. Deserters. U) U) From what corps received. .-~ f.~ a ~ be 0 ~ H 0 ~ H ~ FourthArmy Corps 3 49 52 2 so 52 104 Fourteenth Army Corps 12 385 397 70 70 467 Twentieth Army Corps 8 8 43 43 51 Cavalry command 13 94 107 28 28 135 Department of the Cumberland and not credited 5 153 158 2 267 269 427 to any corps. Total Department of the Cumberland 33 689 722 4 458 452 1,184 Army of the Tennessee 12 293 305 1 1 306 Army of the Ohio 4 112 116 101 101 217 Total 16 405 421 102 102 523 Grand total 49 1,094 1,143 4 560 564 1,707 Respectfully submitted. J. G. PARKHURST, Colonel and Provost-Marshal- General. [Inclosure No. 5.] Report of arms captured, lost, and becoming surplus in the Army of the dumber land during the month ending August 31, 1864. U) . a ~ U)- a a a a ~ .i~ U a . a bV a ~ a ~ t ~ S ~ a a ~ a a a a a ~ a a ~ ~. a ci3 ~ a a a . 0 ~ 0 a. 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ci~ H Captured 117 219 9 2 1 6 354 Lost 57 57 114 3 197 85 Surplus 1 019 2 282 I 47 ) 1,787 0. E. MJCHAELJS, Lient. of Ord., Actg. Chief of Ord., Dept. of the t3~umberland. ATLANTA, GA., September 15, 1864. 17 Page 171 CHAP. Li HEPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 171 [Inclosure No. 6.] Report of artillery and infantry ammunition expensed in the Army of the Gum berland during the month of August, 1864. Rounds. 5,931 11,502 2,083 3,424 Total 22,940 Infantry ammuflition: Elongated ball cartridges, caliber .57 and .58 2,988,480 Spencer cartridges 55, 538 Henry cartridges 7,650 Colt cartridges, caliber .56 475 Total 3,051,943 0. E. MJCHAELIS, Lieut. of Ord., Actg. Chief of Ord., Dept. of the Oumberland. ATLANTA, GA., September 15, 1864. [Inclosure No. 7.] Confederate colors captured by the Army of the Gumberland in the campafgn against Atlanta from May 4 to September 8,1864. BATTLE OF RESACA, MAY 14 AND 15, 1864. Artillery ammunition: 12-pounder gun 3-inch Rodman 20-pounder Parrott 4k-inch rifle . By what command captured. From what command Name of person captured. making capture. Regiment. Brigade. Division. Corps. th Regiment Alabama 27th Regiment mdi- Second.. First.... Twentieth.. Captain Box,* Coin Volunteers.a ana Volunteers. pany D. BATTLE OF PEACH TREE CREEK, JULY 20, 18t54.b 12th Regiment Louisi. 105th Regiment Illi- First... Third... Twentieth.. ana Infantry. nois Volunteers. 33d Regiment Nissis- 26th Regiment Wis. Third do do sippi Volunteers. cousin Volunteers. 31st Regiment Missis- ll6thRegiment New .. .do do do Private Dennis sippi Volunteers. York Volunteers Buckley.* BATTLE OF JONESBOROUGH, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864.c 6th and 7th Regiments 10th Regiment Ken- Third ... Third... Fourteenth. Private Henry B. Arkansas Volunteers tucky Volunteers Mattingly. * 8th and 19th Regiments 74th Regiment In- .. . do do do Lient. Jerry Kuder.* Arkansas Volunteers diana Volunteers 6th Regiment Kentucky 10th Regiment Mich- First... Second...... do Volunteers iran Veteran Vol unteers. 3d Regiment Confeder- Second . . . . do do ate Volunteers. 1st Regiment Arkansas l4thRegimentMich- First do do Volunteers igan Volunteers. Keys battery flag 52d Regiment Ohio Third do do Company E. Volunteers. Swetts battery flag 16th Regiment liii- First do do nois Veteran bVol- unteers. a One large silk headquarters flag b Seven battle-flags are reported as having been captured by Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps, at this battle, but three of which were received at these h~dquarters. c There were eight battle-flags reported as having been captured by the Fourteenth Army Corps in this battle, but seven of which have been received at department headquarters. *Awarded a Medal of Honor Page 172 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. RAID ON MACON AND ATLANTA RAILROAD, JULY 29, 1864. Description of flag. By what command captured. Our Country and Our Rights.. First Cavalry Division, Brig. Gen. E. M. McCook commanding. RAID ON MACON AND ATLANTA RAILROAD, AUGUST 20, 1864. Captured from. By what command captured. 3d Regiment Texas Cavalry Third Cavalry Division, and tFirst and Secoird Brigades, Second Cavalry Division, Brigadier-General Kilpatrick commanding. Zachary Rangers. Henry County Do. Benjamin Infantry Do. [Inclosure No. 8.] Consolidated report of the casualties in the Army of the (i7umberland during the campaign ending September ,1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Aggregate. Command I. a .~ a a o a ~ a ~ 0 ~ H 0 ~ H 0 ~ H 0 ~ H Fourth Army Corps 84 1,037 1,121 311 5,419 5,930 14 460 474 409 6,916 7,325 Fourteenth Army Corps 69 1,026 1,095 230 4,321 4,551 11 284 295 310 5,631 5,941 Twentieth Army Corps 51 914 965 304 5,647 5,951 14 794 808 369 7,355 7,724 Cavalrycommand 9 115 124 42 482 524 (73 1,101 1,169 119 1,698 1,8U Total 213 3,092 3,305 887 15,869 16,756 107 2,6392,746 1, 21,60022,807 GEG. H. THOMAS, Major-General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Departm cut. HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Atlanta, Ga., September 20, 1864. [Inclosure No. 9.] C~onsolidated report of prisoners of war and deserters from the rebel army from May 1, 1864, to September 20, 1864. From what corps received. Fourth Army Corps Fourteenth Army Corps Twentieth Army Corps Cavalry command Department of the Cumherland and not credited to any corps. Total Department of the Cumberland Army of the Tennessee Army of the Ohio Total Grand total 0 53 101 32 18 108 312 Prisoners. ~ a o ~ H 1, 479 1,768 1,395 256 2,857 7,755 1, 512 1,869 I, 427 274 2,965 8,067 Deserters. a a ~ 0 ~ H 3 2 14 98 396 261 53 1,337 1,148 101 398 265 53 1,345 2,162 1,633 2,267 1,692 327 4,310 10,229 53 1,381 1,434 4 142 146 1,580 20 812 832 1 351 352 1,184 73 2,193 2,266 385 9,948 10,333 .) 493 498 19 2,641 2,660 2,764 12,993 J. G. PARKHURST, Colonel and Provost-Marshal- General. 172 [CHAP. L. ReSpeCtfully submitted Page 173 Cu~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 1 ~3 4 [Inclosure No. 10.] Report of artillery and infantry ammunition expended in the Army of the Gumber- land during the campaign commencing May 4 and ending September 8, 1864. Artillery ammunition: Rounds. 20-pounder Parrott 5,059 24-pounder howitzer 201 12-pounder light gun 29,643 3-inch Rodman 35,321 10-pounder Parrott 14,786 4k-inch gun 3,368 Total 88,378 Infantry ammunition: Elongated ball cartridges, calibers .57 and .58 11,637,560 Spencer rifle cartridges 156, 739 Henry rifle cartridges 10,240 Colt rifle cartridges, caliber .56 10,760 Total 11,815,299 0. E. MICHAELIS, Lient. of Ord., Acty. Chief of Ord., Dept. of the Cumberland. ATLANTA, GA., September 15, 1864. [Inclosure No. 11.j Report of ordnance and ordnance stores captured, lost, and becoming surplus in the Army of the Gumberland during the campaign comn~encing May 4 and ending September 8,1864. iS 00 0 - 0 .0 be 0 0 .~0 i~ 2 ~ ~ 0 c o 0 in~ ~ .0 - 0 w 5) 0be u ~ ~00 ~ S 0 ~ ~ H Captured Siege guns: U. S. 32-pounder rifle guns, 6.4-inch 7 7 U. S. 32-pounder smooth-bore guns, 6.4-inch 5 5 8-inch Columbiads (unfinished) 5 U. S. 24-pounder smooth-bore guns, 5.82-inch. 1 1, 2 8-inch howitzers 2 Total 13 7 1 21 Field guns: 6-pounder smooth-bore guns 3.8-inch James rifles 12-pounder guns 12-pounder howitzer 10-pounder Parrotts Kind not stated Total Caissons, gun carriages, implements, and equip. ments, artillery: Siege gun carriage Caissons, field carriages, field Battery wagons Limbers, spare wheels, & c Caisson bodies Limber bodies Elevating screws Spare wheels Ammunition-chests Sponge-staves Sling cart Irons, artillery carriage Artillery harness a 8everal. b Of 27 carriages. 4 4 8 2 2 6 4 10 1 1 2 3 3 3 8 3 1 8 27 1 1 6 6 12 1 8 9 2 2 (a) 3 3 4 4 4 4 9 9 17 17 4 4 1 1 (b) (c) cLOtQ~ Page 174 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca& p. L. 6 Report of ordnance and ordnance stores captured, lost, & c.Continued. sec en 0 4 C ~t 0 ~ ~ ~+~ 0 o 0 ~ C +~ 0 0 ~ o Captured~ Artillery ammunition: Serviceable rounds 390 420 810 Unserviceable 3,765 3,765 Small-arms: Springfield, Enfleld, Austrian, Har- 610 792 i,33 4,2i8 6,656 pers Ferry, Prussian, Colt, Confederate rifles, and U. S. muskets, caliber .69. Musket barrels, & c.: Musket barrels 2,687 (a) Austrian bayonets 98 98 Infantry accouterments: Cartridge-boxes and plates 1,919 1,919 Cartridge-box belts and plates 882 882 Waistbeltsandplates 1,023 1,023 Cap pouches 982 982 Bayonet scabbards 923 923 Sets of, jncomplete 550 550 Lost Small-arms: Springfield and Enfield rifles, .58 1,277 . 1,277 Cannon: 3-incb Rodmans, General Kilratrick 2 Surplus, small-arms: Springfield, EnfleTh, Spencer, 5,279 5,279 Whitney, Dresden, Austrian, and Colt rifles. Captured, and destroyed by fire for want of transporta- tion, by order of Major-General Thomas: 12-pounder gun carriages 6 6 10-pounder gun carriages 2 2 Field caissons 4 4 Limbers 7 7 Wbeel traces Sponges and staves 9 9 Wormers 2 2 Prolonges 8 8 Hand-spikes, trail 10 10 Elevatingscrews 4 4 a Several. Total cannon captured 48 Total small-arms captured 6,956 Total small-arms lost 1,277 Total cannon lost 2 Total small-arms surplus . 0. E. MJCHAELJS, Lieut. of Ord., Actg. ChieJ f Ord., Dept. of the (Jumberland. ATLANTA, GA., September 15, 1864. A D DEN D A. CIRCULAR.] - HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, - Near Mianta, Ga., July 25, 1864. The major-general comnianding Congratulates the troops upon the brilliant 5UCC~55 which has attended the Union arms in the late battles, and which has been officially reported, as follows: In the battle of the 20th instant, in which the Twentieth Corps, one division of the Fourth Corps, and p art of the Fourteenth Corps, was eiigaged, ~total Union loss in killed, wounded, and missing, 1,733. In front of the Twentieth Corps there were put ont of the fight 6,000 rebels. Five hundred and sixty-three of the enemy were buried by our own troops, and the rebels were permitted to bury 250 additional themselves. The Second Division, of the Fourth Corps, repulsed seven assaults of the enemy with slight loss to themselves, which must swell the rebel loss much beyond 6,000. Prisoners cap- tured, 300, and 7 stand of colors. No report has yet been received of the part taken in this battle by the Fourteenth Army Corps. 17 Page 175 C~is. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CIJMBERLAND. 175 In the battle of the 22d the total Union loss in killed, wounded, and missing, 3,500, and 10 pieces of artillery. Rebel loss, prisoners captured, 3,200. Known dead of the enemy in front of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Corps and one division of the Seventeenth Corps, 2,142. The other division of the Seventeenth Corps repulsed six assaults of the enemy before it fell back, which will swell the rebel loss in killed to at least 3,000. There were captured from the enemy in this battle 18 stand of colors and 5,000 stand of arms. Brigadier-General Garrard, commanding Second Cavalry Divis- ion, has just returned from a raid upon the Georgia railroad, having lost 2 men and brought in 200 prisoners and a fair lot of fresh horses and negroes. He destroyed the railroad bridges acros3 the branches of the Ocmulgee and the depots at Conyers, Covington, and Social Circle. By command of Major-General Thomas: WM. D. WHIPPLE, Assistant Adjutant- General. Consolidated report of the casualties in the Army of the Cumberland during May, June, July, and August, 1864. Month. May, 1864 June, 1864 July, 1864 August, 1864 Total May, 1864 June, 1864 July, 1864 August, 1864 Total May, 1864 June, 1864 July, 1864 August, 1864 Total Four months May, June, July, and August, 1864. Total Grand total. September 1 to end of campaign. do Grand total... Killed. a) C .30 40 4 S a) 495 401] 71 35 Wounded. 0 H 523 446 75 38 a) C 120 127 33 4 2,471 2,020 475 171 0 H Missing. i a) C 2,591 2,151 506 17~ a) 281 115 15 20 Aggregate. 0 H 288 118 15 30 C 151 171] 35 15 a) 3,248 2,548 559 234 0 H 3,402 2,718 598 246 791,0051,082 284 5,141 5,4.31 121_435 451 395 6,589 6,964 14 211] 224 54 1,101] 1,15~ 21 71 77 74] 1,385 1,455 19 28~ 308 49 1,061 1, 116 21 45 45 7( 1,399 1,489 16 16t 182 51] 737 787 6 125 135 75 1,032 1,104 8151 15920 793 820... 25 22 35 9661,001 81t 875 184] 3,697~ 3,877 10~__265 279 247 4782 5,029 22 387 405 120 2,880~ 3,007 2 418 501 151 3,766 3,917 8 178 186 85 1,206~ 1,289 3 85 85 94 1,466 1,560 20 310 3.31] 81] 1,380~ 1,466 9 205~ 211 115 1,892 2,007 1 39 41] ~ 181 189.... 11 11 9 231 240 51 914 965 301 5,647 5,951 14 794 806 369 7,351 7,724 9 9 196 5 12 211 115 121 4~ 115 2,848 34 210 3,092 121 42 1,044 810 39 27 222 50 1,305 887 482 524 482, 524 14,973 15,783 272 299 624 674 15,86916,756 681.101 1,165 681,10; 1,165~__119 1042,603 2,707 1,110 2 21 23 34 1 15. 16 61 1072,6392,7401202 119 1,696 1,817 1,696 1,817 20,424 21,934 322 361 845 912 21,60022,807 GEO. H. THOMAS, Major- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Department. HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Atlanta, Ga., September 1920, 1864, Command. Fourth Corps. Army Fourteen t h Army corps. Twentieth Army Corps. Cavalry com mand. Fourth Army Corps. Fourteenth Army Corps Page 176 176 THE ATLANTA CAMPAJGN. [CHAP. L. No. 8. ReporTs of Surg. George E. Cooper, U. S. Army, Medical Director. MED. DIRECTORS OFFICE, DEPT. OF THE CU1~iBERLAND, Atlanta, Ga., October 11, 1864. SIR: The report of the campaign of the Army of the Cumberland, beginning in the first week of May, 1864, arid ending with the cap- ture and occupation of Atlanta, is made from personal knowledge beginning on the 10th day of June, 1864. All information previous to that time is derived from the records of this office, and from oral information given me by medical officers connected with the army. I joined the headquarters in the field near Big Shanty, Ga., having been prevented by malarial fever from reaching the main army sooner. Shortly after the action at Resaca I went to that place, ar- riving the morning after the army had advanced, and observed the p reparations which had been made for the reception of the wounded. 13 y my direction the hospital train accompanied me, and all wounded able to be transferred in it were sent to Chattanooga. At Resaca I was prostrated by fever and compelled to return to Chattanooga, where I remained until the actions near Dallas occurred, when I went to Kingston, and received the wounded and sick from the front, had them transferred to the rear, and then with the first op- portunity joined headquarters in the field. The preparations for the campaign and the medical and surgical outfit ha d been made by Surg. Glover Penn, U. S. Army, who had beeir medical director of the Army of the Curnberland until relieved by me, and by his fore- sight and care everything had been prepared which could facilitate the medical officers in providing for the sick and wounded of the army. A large field hospital, consisting of 100 tents, with all the appurtenances, had been organized, and was following in the rear of the army, at a convenient distance, keeping the line of the Western and Atlantic Railroad; into this the major portion of the wounded and sick were received and treated, until transportation to Chatta- nooga could be furnished them or their condition would permit of it. This field hospital was first established at Ringgold, Ga., where it remained until May 16, 1864, when it was brought forward to Resaca, Ga., in order to receive and accommodate the soldiery wounded in that action. It there remained until the last days of June, when it was brought to Big Shanty, but was sent to the rear in a few days, in consequence of that position being uncovered by the flank move- ment of the armies under General Sherman, which caused the evac- uation of Kenesaw Mountain by the rebel forces and gave us pos- session of Marietta, Ga. On the occupation of that town the field hospital was transferred there soniewhere about the 8th of July, 1864. It remained in Marietta until after we had crossed the Chat- tahoochee River, when it was brought forward to Vinings Station, Ga., where it remained until the capture of Atlanta, when it was removed to that place. Here an eligible and convenient position was selected, the tents pitched, the sick received, arid much labor expended on the grounds; but the mobile condition of the field hospital con- tinued, for the position selected was unfortunately one which the engineers decided to be necessary for erecting a fortification on in the inner line of works; and the vast labor expended in cleaning up what had been used as a mule corral, so as to fit the ground for ho Page 177 C~. L.] REPORtS, ETC.ARMY OF THE ~UMBERLAND. 177 pital purposes, had to be repeated; and still more unfortunately th6 sick had to be transferred from a clean and comfortable position to one which was far less eligible and convenient. This hospital, under the charge of Asst. Surg. M. C. Woodworth, U. S. Volunteers, has been of the greatest benefit, and too much credit cannot be given that officer for his zeal, energy, and activity. In this field hospital every preparation which circumstances would permit of had been made for the proper alimentation of the sick and wounded. An acting commissary oi~ subsistence had been detailed to accompany it, who kept it supplied ~imply with every delicacy pro- curable, and these, in addition to the articles supplied by the differ- ent sanitary commissions, enabled the surgeons on duty to furnish the patients with as good a character of diet as could be found in the permanent hospitals at the rear. By direction of Surgeon Penn, a train of some thirty wagons had been organized for the purpose of carrying medical supplies with the army. This, under the charge of Asst. Surg. J. W. Craig, Tenth Illinois Infantry, field medical purveyor, kept the army fully supplied with all the medical and hospital stores needed by the troops in the field. Never, from the hour of starting from Chattanooga till the present time, has this army wanted in medical stores, and always has there been a sufficiency on hand to meet any emergency. For the prompt furnishing of supplies we are much indebted to the Assistant Surgeon-General, R. C. Wood. It was only necessary to state that articles were required for the use of the troops at the front when orders were issued from the Assistant Surgeon-Generals office, which had them forwarded with all the speed that possibly could be made. Ample hospital accommodations had been made at the rear for the reception of the sick and wounded of the armies operating in Georgia. These had been organized previous to the advance of the armies, and it was only necessary to increase their capacity by the addition of hospital tents to accommodate all who were brought from the front for treatment. It is impossible to speak of any of the actions which occurred in the present campaign as an entity, for in reality it has been a series of skirmishes and heavy actions from the advance on Tunnel Hill until the occupation of Atlanta. This campaign has in former years had no parallel. It may be regarded as a continued series of sieges, with the accompanying assaults and skirmishes, together with sallies on the part of the enemy, who attacking our troops were met and in nearly every case repulsed. Not a foot of ground was gained save by hard fighting, and the constant throwing up of works and intrenchments, which would be abandoned by our troops only to occupy others more in advance. It is stated that some 300 miles of rifle-pits have been constructed by our troops during the campaign. This necessarily demanded constant labor. The ground dug up from Tunnel Hill to Jonesborough will serve to indicate to sight-seekers in coming years the severe toil undergone by our troops in their advance into Northern Georgia. For four successive months the troops were fighting either in the trenches or on the march, and during that whole period there was constant musketry firing on the skirmish line. The average number of rounds of musketry ammunition fired by each man in the Army of the Cum- berland exceeds 200. This, when it is considered how few men at any one time are engaged during a campaign like the one just ended, 12 R RVOL XXXVIII, PT Page 178 178 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. can enable one to form an idea of its character. In consequence of the difficulty of procuring forage on a line so distant from its base as that on which this army operated, it was deemed necessary to cut down the amount of transportation to the lowest possible estimate. This induced the leaving at the rear not only superfluous articles, bQt in many cases what might be actually regarded as necessary ones. The expectation that the campaign would be a short and decisive one, as well as the orders issued to the effect, caused both officers and men to move in as light marching order as possible; but few had more with them than was actually carried on their persons. All cooking apparatus, save coffee-pots and frying-pans, with here and there a mess pan or can~ip kettle, were left behind at Chatta- nooga. The result of this was that the cooking was of the worst character and least conducive to digestion. This dearth of culinary apparatus entirely precluded all cooking by messes of companies, which is the only proper manner of preparing food furnished troops. The commissary supplies furnished until the occupation of Marietta consisted almost entirely of hard bread, salt pork or bacon, and fresh beef, with coffee and sugar. But little if any beans, rice, soap, vinegar, or other small rations were issued. After the occupation of Marietta, which was made the main depot, the commissary de- partment had ready for issue an abundance of all kinds of supplies, but, owing to the indolence or ignorance of the commissaries, even then many of the. troops were not furnished more freely than be- fore. The weather in the early part of June was pleasant and compara- tively cool. On the evening of the 10th of that month it commenced raining and continued so to do for ten successive days with but little intermission. The country became one vast bog, the roads were rendered almost impassable and their condition rendered any move- ments requiring accompanying transportation almost impracticable. At this time the Twentieth Corps on the extreme right had not as large a supply of medical stores as might have been desired, but was short of nothing absolutely required. This was, however, owing to the fact that the condition of the roads to Acworth, where the field medical purveyor then was, rendered the transportation of them almost impossible. After the cessation of the June rains the weather continued pleasant, with light summer showers until the middle of August, when heavy rains came on once more and contir~ued for sev- eral .days. The heat during the summer was at no time oppressive, nor did the thermometer show over 900 in the shade on the hottest days. The nights were delightfully cool and pleasant, and with but few exceptio~is a blanket was necessary to be used before morning. The country from Chattanooga to Acworth is mountainous, thence to Atlanta high and rolling, densely wooded, with but a small por- tion under cultivation. Small streams are numerous and several rivers cross the line of the campaign. The water from Chattanooga to the Etowah River is goo(l, but much impregnated with lune. South of that stream the water is soft, clear, and delicious. Water on the whole line is abundant, and in few portions of the United States can more numerous springs of clear, cold, soft water be found than between the Etowah River and Atbinta. The health of the trool)s when entering ~l)OI1 the campaign was good, comnlJaratively speaking. During the l)revious winter they had been en~amped in the vicinity of Chattanooga with but few vegeta- bles furnished them. some, too, of the troops lmd been campaigu Page 179 Qn~. L] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 179 ing in East Tennessee during a portion of the winter, and these had been furnished with marching rations only. This was the case with the Fourth Corps and a portion of the Twentieth. The Third Divis- ion, of the Twentieth Corps, was composed of either new troops, or those brought from the garrisons in the rear, and in this division more sickness occurred than in any other in the army. The men, unaccustomed to the rough usages of a campaign, wilted away, while the veteran troops around them were enjoying good health. Pre- vious to entering upon the campaign every brigade in the army had been furnished with a medicine wagon filled and two Government wagons to carry canvas and appurtenances for the brigade field hospital. An operating staff had been detailed and everything sys- tematized, so that during an action the wounded might receive prompt and efficient attention. The field hospitals were always kept well to the front, and in time of action pitched as near as the safety of the wounded would permit of. The ambulance corps, organized under the iiew system, had been untried, but the trial given it was scarcely a fair one, for the ani- mals furnished it were of the poorest character. They consisted of the animals which had been almost starved at Chattanooga (luring the siege of that place, and had scarcely recuperated ere they were turned over by the quartermasters department to the ambulance corps to perform the hardest duty in the army, and for which the strongest and best conditioned animals are required. For these mules and horses there is no time of rest, their services are needed as much during the night as in the day, and I will venture to assert that the animals belonging to tbe ambulance trains have passed over twice as much ground as those of any other train in the army. It was, too, with difficulty that suitable persons could be procured as stretcher-bearers. Regimental and company officers seem to have conceive(I the idea that weak, sickly, and trifling mimen are those best suited for detail iii the corps. This at first caused the detail of many such, who had soon to be relieved in consequence of their incapacity. Many of the officeu~s who cherished the above ideas by sad experience have learned that strong, healthy, and agile mcmi are required to per- form the duties belonging to the stretcher-bearer. The men of the ambulance corps have done their duty well and faithfully, and under the heaviest fire they have faltered not, but calmuly and carefully carried the wounded to the ambulance depots. The ambulance wagons were, I am informed, not in good order when leaving Chatta~uooga, but by careful management on the part of the officers and by repairs muade when practicable, they have served the camn~)aign through and are now in condition to emuter upomi another. Until the middle of June the Fourteenth and Twentieth Army Corps werevirtually without directors. Surg. R. H. Gilbert, U. S. Volunteers who entered upon the campaigmi as medical director of time Fourteenth Corps, in consequence of illness, was compelled to go to the rear. Surgeomi Otterson, U. S. Volunteers, in charge of the Twentieth Corps, resigned in the latter part of May and left whemi time army was in the neighborhood of Dallas, Ga. About the muiddle of June Surgs. C. W. Jones, U. S. Volunteers, and John W. Foye, U. S. Volunteers, were, respectively, assigned as medical directors of the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps. Surg. J. r1~heodore Heard, U. S. Voltuiteers, has been the director of the Fourth Army Corps from the opening of the campaign, 811(1 still occupies the 1)O~it.io11. The condition of the medical departmen Page 180 180 THE ATLAkTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. of the Fourth Corps, owing to his energy, efficiency, and experience, far surpasses that of any other in the Army of the Cumberland. Ever ready for an emergency and anticipating any that might arise, he, with his able surgeons, have made the hospital department of the Fourth Corps a model for the rest of the army. I do not wish by this to disparage the Fourteenth or Twentieth Corps, but owing to the change of directors and the want of system when t.hey assumed charge, the sick and wounded were not for a time as well or as promptly cared for as in the Fourth Corps. To this insinuation, however, there is an exception, the First Division, of the Fourteenth Corps, under the charge of Surgeon Marks, Tenth Wisconsin Vol- unteers, and the hospital thereof, under the charge of Surg. Lucius J. Dixon, First Wisconsin Volunteers, will bear comparison with any division in this or any other army. The TwentiethArmy Corps, since the assignment of Surg. John W. Foye, U. S. Volunteers, has been, as far as the medical department is concerned, all that could be desired, and his removal to another sphere of usefulness will be looked upon by all connected with thaV corps and this army as a misfortune. On passing through Kingston, Ga., to join the army, I found a deserted rebel hospital capable of accommodating some 250 patients. This was built on a most eligible position, and, being midway be- tween the objective point of the campaign (Atlanta, Ga.) and Chat- tanooga, appeared to be a proper position for a general hospital. It was well constructed and required but little repairs to put it in order to receive patients. Consequently, directions were given to Surg. William M. Wright, Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, at that time on duty in Kingston, to fit it up and increase its capacity by the addition of ~fifty hospital tents. It has since served a most beneficial purpose, both as a receptacle for the wounded and sick of the cavalry troops stationed in the vicinity, as well as for the pur- pose of affording accommodation to the wounded in transit to Chat- tanooga who might be detained by the destruction of the railroad between Tunnel Hill and Kingston, which occurred on more than one occasion. A ground plan of this hospital, furnished by Surgeon Wright, accompanies this report. On joining the army I found the hospitals divided into sections of brigades, and each brigade hospital in charge of a medical officer. Finding that this did not work smoothly, the brigade sections were consolidated into division sections, and these placed under the charge of one medical officer, who was made responsible for the property and supplies. This consolidation was found to be much more prac- ticable and economical, both in rations and medical supplies, as well as in the care of the wounded. The innovation, at first frowned upon, proved serviceable in many respects, particularly when move- ments were contemplated, and the sick required transportation to the rear, as well during an action, for instead of being brought to the brigade hospital, where oftentimes the surgeons were overworked, the entire operating staff of the division was at the disposal of the brigade whose loss was the heaviest. The surgeons, too, had con- ceived the idea that their especial and only duty was to attend to the wounded of the regiment to which they belonged or at most to the brigade to which they were attached. The consolidation of the brigade hospitals avoided the evils arising from this idea, and all men belonging to the division were cared for regardless of the bri- gade to which they were attached Page 181 181 CHAP. L) flEPORTS, ETC.AUMY OF TIlE CUMI3EflLAND. The diseases from which the troops suffered were those incidental to a campaign long continued, viz, dysentery, diarrhea, fevers (mala- rial, typho-malarial, and typhoid), with a slight sprinkling of the exantliemata. During the rainy season lesions of the pulmonary viscera were common. Scurvy showed itself in an early part of the campaign, which became considerably aggravated during the time the troops lay in the trenches before Kenesaw and Atlanta. A~ soon, however, as the corn became edible the command showed marked indications of improvement. After the movement to the south of Atlanta, which resulted in its evacuation, the troops had access to the extensive corn-fields on the line of the march and im- proved rapidly, and Qn entering the city on the 7th of September there was little if any of the scorbutic taint perceptible, and the men were in finer condition and better able to take the field than at any time since their leaving Chattanooga. The troops wounded at and near Buzzard Roost and Rocl~y Face Ridge were transferred by rail to the hospitals at Chattanooga. Those wounded near Resaca were treated for some days at the divis- ion hospitals and thence transferred to the general field hospital, where the most seriously wounded were retained until they were in condition to be conveyed in the hospital train to the hospitals at the rear. After the first action near Dallas, the wounded were brought in wagons to Kingston and thence by rail to Chattanooga. Those wounded in the last action near Dallas were brought in wagons to Acworth, where temporary hospitals were improvised until the bridge over the Etowah River was rebuilt, when the wounded were carried in freight cars to the rear. The wounded from the various assaults and skirmishes at a]in(l about Kenesaw were transferred from the division hospitals to Acworth and Big Shanty ~nd thence by rail to Chattanooga. After the assault on the enemys works at Kenesaw, on the 27th of June, orders were given to move the wounded to the rear in the course of twenty-four hours. The Army of the Cumberland imos- pitals were at the time from six to nine miles distant from Big Shanty, time nearest point on the railroad, where, too, the general field hospital then was. To obey this order it was necessary to avail ourselves of every class of transportation, ambulances and baggage wagons. There were at the time near 2,000 wounded men in this army, and these had to becarried from six to nine miles over roads rendered extremely rough by the rains which had inundated them and the heavy trains which were constantly passing over them. Knowing that Big Shanty would be uncovered by the time named, it was necessary to avail ourselves of every train of box-cars return- ing to the rear. The haste in which this transfer of wounded men was made caused, I doubt not, much suffering, and I regret to say tlmat in some cases neither proper nor sufficient food was furnished them when en route to Chattanooga. This was owing principally, however, to detention on the road. The trip wlmich was represented as being made in twelve Imours at times occupied thirty-six and even more. Time result was, the rations in tlmese cases ran short. The attendants accompanying tIme sick in many cases were regardless of their duties. Though every train had a medical officer accompany- ing it, he could not see the wounded, save when stopping, in conse- quence of being unable to pass from car to car when they were in motion. This took the greater part of the nurses from under his eye, and then it was that the wants of time sick were disregarded, the more especially in procuring water for them. To avoid the recur Page 182 182 TIlE ATLANTA CAMPAIC N. [CHAP. L. rence of this, I prevailed upon the Sanitary Commission to establish refreshment stations at Kingston, Resaca, and Dalton. They promptly placed their agents in the above-named places, and after this there was no more want of food, coffee, or water. The wounded transported in box-cars cannot be properly cared for in consequence of the impossibility of passing from car to car, save when at rest. The dressing of the wounded could be done only on the switches, when the cars were waiting for the down trains. The trains from the front generally passed up at night. and l~nterns were not furnished them. Few, then, of the wounded were properly dressed from the time of leaving the front until they arrived at Chat- tanooga, and the condition of many arriving there was lamentable. I know that many complaints have been made of the manner in which the sick were transported, and of the condition in which some of them arrived at Chattanooga. It was, however, impossible to do better than was done. The conveniencies were few, the wounded many, and the stay-at~the~rear~fau]tflnding patriots in excess. Everything at our command was made use of to mitigate the suffer- ings of our troops, and it was only when the medical department had no control that the wounded were subjected to unnecessary suf- fering. The wounded from the actions between Marietta and the Chatta- hoociiee River were sent to the field hospital at Marietta, and thence to the rear. Those from the actions in the front. of Atlanta to the same hospital at Vinings Station, or were treated in the division hospitals. The wounded ~roni Jonesborough were brought from that place to Atlanta in ambulances, and were, and are at present, treated in the division hospitals with a success seldom surpassed in the history of military surgery. The wounds met with in the campaign were caused by rifled and smooth-bored artillery, rifled musketry, throwing elongated project- iles, the saber, amid bayonet. The wounds were caused at all dis- tances. from the extreme range of artillery and musketry to hand- to-hand conflict. They were, too, of every character producible by the projectiles now used, from the lightest scratch to perfect dis- inenil)ernlent. I regret to state that the reports of the wounded prior to the 27th of June are [not] very reliable, owing to a want of came on the part of some of ~he medical officers in charge of (hivision hospitals. This remark is particularly applicable to the reports of the Third Division, of the Twentieth Army Corps, an(l to the Second Division, of the Fourteenth Corps. The medical officers are not to be blanied for this, as they were informed by Surgeon Otterson, medical director of the corps, at the opening of the campaign, that no reports would be required, as no transportation for (lesks was furnished them. Every endeavor has been made to have them as nearly correct as possible, but they are still more or less umirehiable. The number of wounded reported by tabular statement as having been received into the brigade and division hospitals at the front during the campaign is 14,450. The number reported h)y consolidating the weekly reports is 15,559. This discrepancy may be accounted for by many slight wounds not having been reporte(l in the tabular statement. TIme number repomted as having died from wounds in the hospitals at the front is, by tabular statememit, 904, by consolidated reports, 1,067. The number of amputations performed is reported as 1,286 ; the number of exsections, 302; the number of other operations. 790. Chloroform is reported as having been use(l iii 1,255 cases; but thi Page 183 CUAP. LI ItEPORTS, I~TC.ARMY OF TilE CTJMI3ERLANP. 183 is far below the actual number. as it was freely used in all cases where examination of wounds was to be made, and when painful dressings were to be applied. In no case has auy injurious effects resulted from its use. The number of sick received into the division hospitals is reported as 43,153. The number reported as transferred to general hospitals is 26,184. The number reported as having died in thedivision hospitals from wounds and disease is 1,274. From the fact of the army having been constantly on the move until the occupation of Atlanta and necessity arising therefrom of being compelled to transfer to hospitals at the rear all the seriously wounded, it was impossible to learn the results of operations per- formed on the field. It was only after the battle of Jonesborough, September 1, 1864, that the operating surgeons had the opportunity of treating the wounded till the results were determined. The wounded in this action were brought from the field to Atlanta some three days after the action, and, with the exception of the men of the Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, were placed in hospital tents. The wounded of that division were placed in the Atlanta Medical College, which had been used by the rebels as a hospital. The rooms are large and airy and well ventilated. The men at the time of being wounded were in excellent health, with no taint of scurvy perceptible. The weather from the time of the action till now, has been delightful; not warm enough to oppress nor cold enough to render the closing of the tent openings or windows nec- essary at night. The food furnished the wounded was ample and of the best character, all the necessary delicacies were at the disposal of the surgeons ; generous diet and stiniulants were used from the moment the wounded were placed in the wards. The hospitals were kept exceedingly clean. The dressings were performed in al- most every case by the surgeons connected with the hospitals, and in the Second Division, of the Fourteenth Corps, exclusively so. I transmit the report of Surgeon Batwell, Fourteenth Michigan Infantry, in charge of the Second Division, Fourteenth Corps, hos- pital. The results shown by this report will, I think, bear favor- able comparison with any military surgery, and reflect great credit on the medical officers of the division. I send, too, the report of Surgeon Batwell of the result of experiments made with a prepara- tion called ~ ph~nol sodique sent to me to be used in order to test its merits. From my own observations, as well as from what I can learn, it has proved~ to be an admirable adjuvant in the treatment of flabby wounds and in those implicating the spongy bones. The medical officers of the Army of the Cumberland have per- formed their duties in this long and onerous campaign in a manner highly creditable to themselves and beneficial to the sick and wounded soldiery. The experience of three years having taught them the requirements of military surgeons, the work was well and promptly performed. Unfortunately, many of these valuable officers having completed their terms of service are about being mustered out, and their places will be filled by men who have seen little, if any, service in the field. Accompanying this I transmit the classified returns of wounds and, injuries, and the reports of the corps directors. The list of wounded will be forwarded as soon as finished. GEO. E. COOPER, Surgeon, U. S. Army, Medical Director. ASST. ADJT. GEN., DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND Page 184 184 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGTh [C~p. L HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUM~ERLAND, MEDICAL DIRECTORS OFFICE, Maj. Gen. G. H. THOMAS, Atlarda, Ga., September 15, 1864. Oomdg. Department of the Cumberland: SIR: Herewith I forward a tabular statement of casualties in the Army of the Cumberland from May 1, 1864, to September 6, 1864. Respectfully, your obedient sarvant, GEO. E. COOPER, Surgeon, U. S. Army, Medical Director. [Inclosure.] Tabular statement of number and disposition of sick and wounded in the Army of the Gumberland, from May 1 to September 6, 1864. a Received into hos- ~ pital. Command. ________________ a Sick. Wounded. a ~ cI~ ~ Fourth Army corps 13,456 5,852 8,716 10,301 17 416 Fourteenth Army corps 7,461 3,973 7,196 3,031 88 250 Twentieth Army corps 15, l~11 5,375 8,756 11, 106 63 374 Cavalry Corps 6,625 359 1,516 5,425 39 27 Total 43,153 15,559 26,184 29,863 207 1,067 GEO. E. COOPER, Sttrg., U. S. Army. Medical Director, Dept. of the Cumberiand. ATLANTA, GA., September 15, 1864. No. 9. Reports of Brig. Gen. John Al. Brannan, U. S. Army, Chief of Ar tillery. HDQRS. CHIEF OF ARTY., DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND, Atlanta, Ga., September 14, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to transmit the reports of corps chiefs of artillery and battery commanders of the operations of the artillery arm of the service in your army dur.ing the campaign re- sulting in the capture of the city of Atlanta: In forwarding these reports I will bear witness to the efficiency and valuable services performed by the artillery of your army dur-. ing the entire campaign. Heavy losses were inflicted upon the rebels by the accuracy of our fire, the skillful and daring positions taken by our batteries, frequently on the skirmish line, within short. canister range of strongly intrenched works of the enemy. That it has been most destructive, we have not only the evidence of what we ourselves witnessed, but also that of time enemy. The chiefs of artillery of corps have shown energy, efficiency, skill, and courage equal to any officers in the service. I call your attention to the reports of corps chiefs relative to subordinates. Capt. A. Sutermeister, Eleventh Indiana Battery, being attached to your headquarters under your own supervision, you are aware of the efficient and zealous manner he and his company have performed their part in the campaign, both with the 20-pounder Parrotts and 44-inch guns. The organization of the artillery into brigades unde Page 185 CHAP Li T~EPORTF~, FT~.~A~MY OF TIlE CUMBERLAND. 185 the immediate command of the corps chiefs is, in my opinion, an improvement upon the former organization, and I recommend it be retained. We have lost the valuable services of several officers killed in battle during the campaign, viz: Capt. Peter Simonson, Fifth Indi- ana Battery; Capt. S. M. McDowell, Company B, Independent Pennsylvania Artillery; Capt. William Wheeler, Thirteenth New York Battery; First Lient. 0. H. P. Ayres, Sixth Ohio Battery; Second Lient. F. Henchen, Company I, First New York Artillery. Our loss in guns was four 3-inch iRodmanstwo belonging to the Eighteenth Indiana Battery, lost on General McCooks raid, July 30, 1864; two of the Chicago Board of Trade Battery, lost on Gen- eral Kilpatricks raid, August 20, 1864. I wonld here take the opportunity to mention the effective service of the batteries serving with the cavalry commandTenth Wiscon- sin Battery, Capt. Y. V. Beebe; Eighteenth Indiana Battery, First Lient. W. B. Rippetoe, and the Chicago Board of Trade Battery, First Lient. G. I. Robinson, commandingduring the entire cani- paign. In every instance where these batteries were engaged they did good service, and their commanding officers acted with judgment and gallantry. Guns captured in battle: Four light 12-pounder guns by the Twen- tieth Army Corps at Resaca, May 15, 1864; six light 12-pounder guns, two 10-pounder Parrott gum~s by the Fourteenth Army Corps at Jonesborougli, September 1, 1864. Guns captured, abandoned by the enemy: Four 6-pounder iron guns at Resaca, May 16, 1864; 20 guns of different calibers at Atlanta, September 2, 1864; 10 guns of different calibers at Rome. A consolidated report of casualties and expenditure of material and ammunition during the campaign is hereto annexed. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. BRANNAN, Brig. Gen., Chief of Arty., Dept. of the Cumberland. Maj. Gen. GEORGE H. THOMAS, Commanding Army of the Cumberi and. Gasualties and expenditure of ammunition in the artillery of the Army of the Gum berland during the campaign ending with the capture of Atlanta. CASUALTIES. Rank. Killed. Wounded. Prisoners. Total. OffXcers 5 6 11 Men 37 208 .... 18 263 Total 42 214 13 . 274 AMMUNITION EXPENDED. Rounds. 3-inch 35,321 10-pounder Parrott 14,786 12-pounder light 29,643 20-pounder Parrott 5,059 41-inch 201 24-pounder howitzer 3,368 Total 88,378 J. M. BRANNAN, Brig. Gen., Chief of Arty., Dept. of the Cumberi and Page 186 186 TW~ ATtA~TA CAMAIG~. rCn& r. L HDQRS. CHIEF OF ARTY., DEPT. OF THE CUMBEkLAND, Atlanta, Ga., October 1, 1864. I have the honor to forward a report of the number of horses re- ceived by the artillery of the Army of the Cumberland, during the recent campaign, and of the number now on hand: Statement giving number of horses in possession of the artillery of the Army of the Cumberland when leaving Chattanooga, number received during campaign, and number now on hand. .~. ~ n command ,0 S ~ S ~ 0 z ~ z ~ Fourth Army corps 658 81 478 261 Fourteenth Army coivs 613 228 304 537 Twentieth Army corps 600 139 447 282 lAth Indiana Battery 133 11 76 68 18th Indiana Battery 157 110 94 173 chicago Board of Trade Battery 201 126 75 10th Wisconsin Battery 83 30 70 43 Total 2,445 599 1,595 1,439 Very respectfully, ~. M. BRANNAN. Brig. Gen., Chief of Arty., Dept. of the Oumberland. General WILLIAM F. BARRY, Chief of Arty., .lllilitary Division of the Mississippi. No. 10. Report of Capt. John Rziha, Nineteenth U. & Infantry, Acting En gineer Officer, of operations September 12, 1864. HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER, Chattanooga, Tenn., September ~, 1864. GENERAL: I would respectfully report on the position of our army during the battle of September 1 and 2: Our army, moving south of Atlanta, with the view of taking and destroying the Macon railroad, arrived September 1 sixteen miles south of Atlanta, and immediately attacked the enemy, who had his position along the Jonesborough road, west of the Macon railroad, his left resting on Jonesborough and occupying that place. Our line of battle was formed in the shape of a wedgethe Twenty-third Army Corps forming the left, the Fourth and Fifteenth Corps forming the point of the wedge, the Fourth Corps joining the Twenty-third Corps, the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Corps were on the right of the Fifteenth Corps, the Seventeenth Corps on our ex- treme right; the Fourteenth Corps waslield in reserve. About noon September 1 we broke the enemys center. His right, composed of a corps of veterans and State militia. retreated north toward Atlanta, and two corps of the rebels toward the south. The rebels who were retreating north erected a line of field fortifications near where the road from Rough and Ready cros~es the Macon railroad. Our posi- tion on the evening of September 1 was, the Twenty-third, Fourth Page 187 CaAP. L] REPO1~TS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 18~ and Fourteenth Army Corps about two and a half miles north of Jouesborough, fronting Atlanta; and the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Corps in the immediate neighborhood and north of Jonesborough, fronting south. September 2 the Fourth and Four- teenth Army Corps attacked the field fortifications erected by the rebels during the previous night, and after about fifteen minutes fight took 10 guns and 500 prisoners. In the mean time the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Corps attacked Jonesborough, driving the enemy out of the place, and at 10 oclock, September 2, our forces were one mile south of Jonesborough, and four miles north of the same place, in possession of five miles of railroad, which we at once destroyed. Our forces had pressed the enemy toward Rough and Ready, which place was shelled by our troops at noon. This infor- matiomi was given by Lieut. H. H. Russell, First Veteran Volunteer Engineers. Department of the Cumberland, who left the scene of action on September 2 at noon. Sir, I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, JOHN RZIHA, Brig. Gen. R. DELAFIELD, Captain, Ninetee4th U. S. Infantry. Chief Engineer, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C~. No. 11. Report of Mk~j. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Ar my Corps, of operations May 1July 27, 1864. HDQRS. DEPT. AND ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, September 18, 1864. GENERAL: Having been assigned by the President of the United States, I assumed commaiid of the Fourth Army Corps April 10, 18134. One division, Major-General Stanleys, was stationed, two brigades at Blue Springs, and one at Ooltewah; the Second Divis- ion, then under command of Brigadier-General Wagner, was at London, and the Third Division, General Woods, was still in the Department of the Ohio, near Knoxville. My first duty was to concentrate the corps near Cleveland. This was effected by the 25th of April. About one weeks time was given to refit and prepare for the field. A portion of the command had just conipleted a trying winter campaign in East Tennessee, and was quite badly off in many respects, froni shortness of transp Qrtation, clothing, and other supplies. The animals, in General Woods divis- ion partrcularly. were in a wretched condition on account of want of forage and overworking. The officers made extraordinary ex- ertions to get everything in readiness, and when the order was given to march to Catoosa Springs the entire corps was prepared to move with the required iiumber of rations, but it was soon found that the limited transportation, faken in connection with its condition, was a source of con~.tant embarrassment. I speak of these things in order to place in a clear light the difficulties that the officers and men o~ this corps met in the outset of the campaign and nobly overcame, for when other portions of the army had full rations they were at times obliged to subsist on a diminished allowance. The march commenced the 3(1 of May, upon the arrival of Major- General Schofield at Cleveland with the left wing of the army. M Page 188 188 TH1~ ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CH~. L. command, in two columns, having pursued two distinct routes, one via Salem Church and the other via Red Clay, arrived at Catoosa Springs on the morning of the 4th of May. Major-General Thomas having already reached Riuggold with the rest of the Army of the Cumberland, a junction was thus substantially formed with it. A very little skirmishing occurred to the east of Catoosa Springs with a detachment of General McCooks cavalry that had covered my left flank during the march from Cleveland. Not feeling sure as to the intention or strength of the enemy, my command took up a strong position covering its own approaches and those to Riuggold. Here the corps remained until the 7th of May. The day before instructions were received to march on Tunnel Hill in such a way as to take the enemy in flank, if possible, while Major- General Palmer with the Fourteenth Corps threatened him n front. Tunnel Hill is a portion of a ridge separated from Rocky Face by a narrow valley, and situated to the west of it. The tunnel on the Chattanooga railroad is through this hill. From Catoosa Springs my command marched on the Alabama road due east to the vicinity known as Lees house. General Newtons division here formed. facing in the direStion of the movement as a cover, while General Stanley, followed by General Wood, turned i~ito a cross-road which led directly south toward Tunnel Hill. Stanley skirmished with the enemys cavalry all of the way, and removed obstructions that had been placed in the road. He came in sight of Tunnel Hill Sta- tion at about 9 a. m. Here the enemy appeared in considerable force on the most prominent part of the ridge, and was firing with artillery upon our advance, and also upon that of General Palmer in his direct front. We soon ascertained that this artillery was sup- ported by cavalry, and General Stanley moved a force along the northern slope, and carried the hill by 11 a. in., driving tfie enemy before him. The command was then posted in such a way as to hold Tunnel Hill in conjunction with Palmers corps on my right. The enemy occupied a strong position between us and Dalton, with the barrier Rocky Face intervening. This barrier is a continuous ridge some 500 feet high, exceedingly narrow at the top, except where an occasional spur juts out to the east or west. In many places six men could not march abreast along the crest. The west- ern face is generally, within sixty feet of the summit, an almost perpendicular steep, that cannot be climbed. The eastern slope is, for the most part, more gradual. Buzzard Roost Gap is a pass through Rocky Face a little southeast of Tunnel Hill. The railroad and a wagon road lead through this opening toward Dalton, besides a small creek runs in the same direction, which the rebel general had dammed up to complete his defenses. These defenses consisted of several batteries situated on the right and left of the gap, bearing upon the approaches to his position; and a well constructed line of intrenchments at right angles to the railroad, also enabling the en- emy holding them to bring a strong musketry fire upon any coluncin movingtoward his position. General Thomas ~~as directed to thre~ten the enemy in front on the 8th of May, while General McPherson was m6ving through Vil- lanow in order to seize and occupy Snake Creek Gap. M~r part of this movement was to endeavor to put a force on Rocky Face Ridge, and make a demonstration toward Buzzard Roost Gap in conjunc- tion with the Fourteenth Corps. General Newtons division on the morning of the 8th of May moved to the north end of Rocky Face Page 189 CRAi. Li REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 189 some two miles above Buzzard Roost Gap, where he pushed up a small force at first, driving the enemy along the crest. He succeeded in taking about one-third of the height from the enemy, and estab- lishing a signal station upon a prominent point. He had attempted to get possession of a rebel station, but owing to the rugged nature of the heights, and the ability of the enemy to defend so narrow a path, he could not reach it. in the mean time Generals Stanley and Wood pushed strong skirmish lines, well supported, as far up the western slope as possible. During the night following~ General Ne~wton succeeded in getting two pieces of artillery upon the ridge. The next niorning, May 9, he attempted to make farther progress and succeeded in driving the eiiemy from 50 to 100 yards. General Stanley during the afternoon of the 9th made a reconnaissance into the pass of Buzzard Roost, developing a strong musketry and artil- lery fire, while General Woods division continued the same oper- ations as the day before. The casualties in niy command resulting from these operations were between 200 and 300 killed and wounded. In accordance with instructions .from General Thomas, the Fourth Corps made preparations to remain near Buzzard Roost Gap for the purpose of holding the enemy at Dalton, if possible, while the rest of the army, excepting Stoneman s cavalry, was moving through Snake Creek Gap to turn the enemys flank. May ii the troops of the corps were disposed as follows: General Stanley to hold the gap, General Newton to hold Rocky Face and the roads leading around the north end of it, with General Stonemans cavalry cover- ing his left flank, and General Wood in reserve on Tunnel Hill. During the evening of this day and on the morning of the 12th the general movement was progressing and the Fourth Corps found it- self alone, confronted by the entire rebel army. From the signal station on Rocky Face the enemys movements could be distinctly seen. About 10 a. m. he moved out a strong force as if to turn my left flank and give battle, but after pressing in the skirmishers the column returned within his works. The threat, however, was so strong that General Woods division was moved to the support of General Newton. During the night following the enemy evacuated Dalton. May 13 at 6 a. ni. I received the report of the enemy having left, and immediately ordered pursuit. The corps moved at once to Dalton and came upon the enemys rear guard of cavalry there. We pushed forward toward Resaca, General Stoneman with his cavalry pursuing the direct route, McCooks cavalry on a road near the base of Rocky Face, and my corps marching by an inter- mediate road. We skirmished with the enemy during the day, and encamped at dark about eight miles south of Dalton. Soon after we opened communication with the rest of the army before Resaca, happily finding that we were only one mile from General Schofields left flank. Instructions were received froni Major-General Thomas, at 5.15 on the morning of May 14, to wit: HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, In the Field, May 14, 1864. Major-General HowmD, Commanding Fourth Army Corps: GENERAL: You will move your troops down the main roads toward Resaca until you form a junction with the rest of the army, when further orders will be given you. Report your approach when you get within sight of the troops in your front. Very respectfully, yours. & c., GEO. H. THOMAS, Major-General, Commanding Page 190 190 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. These instructions were substantially the same as those I had al- ready issued to my command (luring the night. The general formation of General Shermans army at this time was as follows: The Army of the Tennessee, General McPherson on the right, with his right resting on the Oostenaula; center, Gen- eral Thomas command, excepting the Fourth Corps; and the left, General Schofield, on the Sugar Valley road. The whole line faced easterly. Iii obedience to the above order, General Newton, followed by General Wood, marched to the left of General Schofield, and Genera~l Stanley moved down the Tilton and Resaca road toward the enemys extreme right. On reaching General Schofield we found him push- ing his command toward the right and front. General Newton formed on his left. General Wood then changed direction so as to move on a Resaca road intermediate between Stanley and Newton. The three columns were not at first connected, but very adroitly made their concentration in immediate contact with the enemys line, hav- ing skirmished heavily in their respective fronts. By the advance movement the general line was shortened, so that a great part of Newtons division was reserved. Schofields left carried a line of the enemys works by assault, and immediately a portion of General Newtons division was pushed up, relieving more or less of Schofield.s left center and holding every advantage gained. Meanwhile a part of General Woods division came up abreast of Newtons, driving the enemy from his rifle-pits, and secured the position, while Gen- eral Stanley formed a juiiction on the extreme left, protecting his left flank by a brigade posted on the left of the Tilton and Resaca road. The niovements above described were necessarily slowly executed from the nature -of the country, which was exceedingly rough and covered for the most part with thick woods, besides the enemy disputed every inch of progress by his force already in position, meeting our advance with strong skirmish lines. The musketry firing during the day was quite heavy. After our troops had been satisfactorily formed word came from General Stanley that the enemy was making a movement to turn his left flank. I saw General Thomas personally, representing the exact condition of things to him. He directed Major-General Hooker to send a divis- ion to my extreme left. This was promptly done. The division was guided by Colonel Morgan, Fourteenth U. S. Colored Troops, temporarily attached to my staff, by the most direct route. This division (General Williams) arrived just in time. Stanleys left had been turned, and was being forced back. All of his reserves had been previously exhausted in extending his line. A battery (Simon- sons), howevei~, was doing splendid execution, staying the enemys progress, when a brigade of Williams was deployed in its support. The advance of the enemy was then immediately and effectually checked, and my thanks are tendered for the generous and oppor- tune assistance rendered. The casualties of the day were 400 killed and wounded in the corps. During the night good intrenchments were made along my entire front. General Hooker and myself were ordered to make an attack in conjunction on the 15th, everything to be in readiness by daylight. General Hooker was obliged to march about two-thirds of his com- mand from the center of the arniy to the extreme left, which move- fl4eUt tOQ1~ 1on~er thai wa~ anticipated, Hi~ troops w~c massed an Page 191 CHAP. L] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAIND. 191 commenced the advance about noon. As he was the ranking officer I visited him early, learning his intentions as to the points and man- ner of attack, and prepared to support him in the way he asked. By artillery and musketry firing, by strong demonstrations opposite my center and right, and by one real assault, I succeeded in keeping heavy forces of the enemy from leaving my front or passing to the left, but did not succeed in holding any point of th~ enemys works. My command being on the right and the pivot, necessarily conformed in moving to General Hookers advance. He, with a column of bri- gades, very handsomely drove the enemy before him, seized amid held two important heights, and also captured some artillery and prison- ers. The number of casualties during this day was large, anmong theni Brigadier-General Willich, of General Woods division, was severely wounded and obliged to leave us. Harker and Opdycke, of Newtons division, were wounded but remained on duty, and some valuable officers were killed. During the night of the 15th the enemy evacuated Resaca. Early on the 16th mny corps led the pursuit along the direct road toward Kingston. Skirmishing occurred with the enemys rear guard so as to make our progress slow. The corps camped that night at Calhoun. My comnlan(], General Newton leading, continued the march next day, s~rting at 5.30 a. in., along the wagon road, except Woods di- vision, which moved on the right (lown the railroad. We had heavy skirmishing all day. The emmemys customn is, when retreating; to form his rear guard of cavalry with a section or battery of artillery, sometimes strengthened by infantry. During this days march the resistance was unusually-great. He formed three limmes, some half or three-quarters of a mile apart, amid barricaded with rails, seeking the cover of woods with opemi fields in his front. As soon as we had succeeded imi driving the first line it passed to the rear of the third, and in sonme new and favorable position made another line. How- ever, as we moved in two columns, we wer~ able to make consider- able progress. The resistance increased as we approached Adairs- yule. General Newton continued to deploy regiments as skirmish- ers till he had a large brigade engaged. General Wood, abreast of him, also skirmished heavily. About 4 p. mu. it was found that we had come upon the emmenmys infantry in considerable force. Prepara- tions were immediately made to assault all(l carry this position if possible, but it required time to bring up tIme troops and get them ~n readiness. General Thomas deeming it best, on account of the near- ness of night, to make no formal attack, the movement already set on foot was postponed. Yet a real engagememit was goimig on, since both parties continued to re-enforce time skirmish lines until they were tantamount to lines of battle. The enemimy opened upon our colummi with artillery, to which our batteries replied with spirit. Durimig the night the enemny withdrew. We fonmid that lie had taken up a strong position and had partially imitrenclied it, amid that his whole army was present while tIme heavy skirmishing of tIme evening before was progressimmg. The casualties in muy comnumand at Adairs- yule were about 200 killed amid wounded. May 18, the corps nioved as or(lere(h six miles farther and cmi- camped on Comuasana [Comimmasemme ?j Cmeek. May 19. at 5 a. ni., muaiclmed, Gemmeral Stanleys division leading reached Kin~stou at ~ a~ in, The h4ead of colunmit tm~rnQd tQwar Page 192 192 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Cassville. The enemy was discovered on high ground just beyond the Two-Run Creek, and as soon as our troops came in view he opened fire upon us from a 6-gun battery. General Stanley promptly brought up his artillery, supported by a brigade o in antr , and replied to the enemy~ s guns. He silenced them aud drove them off. At this point I was directed by General Sherman in person to move forward four miles to an old mill near the railroad, and there to go into camp. As soon as General Stanley had dislo4ged the enemy from the high ground east of the creek he moved forward. On reaching a point about a half mile from this mill, severe resist- ance was made to our advance by the enemys infantry skirmishers,. and from a prominent height the enemys infantry was discovered drawn up in two lines and advancing. General Stanley formed his lines, his left resting on the railroad. General Woods division was moved to his right and Gener%l Newtons moved to cover the left. As soon as our lines were formed the enemy halted and began to cover his front with rail barricades nearly a mile in our front, but in plain sight. Our artillery opened from different points, where- upon the enemys first line gave way and passed to the rear in con- siderable confusiom Having been directed by General Thomas to push on, I moved forward to the enemys position, which he had in the mean time abandoned. The command here went into position, having formed a junction with a portion of General Hookers ~orps that had been moving in a column to the east of us and parallel. The corps had hardly halted, when an order was received to move at once straight on Cassville. Stanleys advance had hardly pro- grassed a mile, when a sharp fire was opened upon his head of col- umn. He promptly deployed a portion of his command and several batteries of artillery were place in osi ion to open the way. The enemys resistance was so determined that General Woods division was ordered up on Stanleys right. The promptitude with which this division was deployed afforded me great satisfaction. Newtons division was directed to t~ke post on Stanleys left, but all but one or two regiments of it were crowded out by our forming a junction with General Hookers corps. In this position, with General Hooker on the left and General Palmer on the right, continuous skirmishing and artillery firing was kept up until after dark. Before morning Johnston had abandoned another strongly intrenched position about Cassville and fled across the Etowah River, destroying the railroad bridge. May 20, 21, and 22, the army rested in position near Cassville, renewed its supplies, sent back everything surplus, and made other preparations for a movement on Dallas. May 23, crossed the Etowah River at Gillems Bridge and went into position at Euharlee Creek. May 24, crossed Euharlee Creek at Barretts Mill and marched to Burnt Hickory, where we encamped for the night. May 25, command marched bf a settlement road, making a detour to the right of Burnt Hickory, and expecting to come into Dallas by a Van Wert and Dallas road. This route was taken to avoid collis- ion with the numerous wagons of the corps in front of us that were obliged to move on one road. About 2 p. m. Lieutenant-Colonel Mendenhall, department inspector-general, met me at a point six or seven miles from Dallas, bringing an order from General Thomas for me to move by the first left-hand road across to the direct Burn Page 193 Ciw.. L] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 193 Hickory and Dallas road, as the enemy had been met by General Hookers advance in con3iderable force. This corps was marched as rapidly as possible, its head of column reaching Pumpkin Vine Creek just as General Williams division, of the Twentieth Corps, was passing. At 5.15 p. m. General Newtpns head of column arrived and his troops were placed in position:in rear of General Hookers troops that were already forming, or formed for an ad- vance. The rest of the corps was marched up as rapidly as possible and moved on the right and left of the road. At 5.30 p. m. General Hookers command moved forward, as I understood, with instruc- tions to carry the cross-roads at New Hope Church, supposed to be not more than a mile distant. I was directed to hold my command ready to move forward. At 6. 2Op. m. General Hooker sent me word by a staff officer that he had driven the enemy behind his breast- works; that he was holding his ground but was hard pressed, and requested me to send up a column of brigades on the right-hand side, of the road. I commenced the march instantly with that forma- tion, but, finding that I was losing time, owing to the obstructions and difficulties of the ground, I directed the troops to march by the flank along the road as quickly as possible until they approached General Hookers position. Here I saw General Hooker himself, who requested me to form on the left of the road. Newton deployed his command as fast as he could, but by the time this was effected it was completely dark. The other divisions, following General Newtons, were encamped for the night on the right and left of the road, it being too late to locate them otherwise in the thick woods. I have been thus particular on this point because criticisms have been offered like this, that had the Fourth Corps come up on Gen- eral Hookers left the enemy would have been completely driven from his strong position at New Hope Church, and thus saved the army the long and fatiguing operations which succeeded General Hookers assault. I do not doubt the truth of the allegation, but the facts are, first, that my head of column only had arrived at Gen- eral Hooker1s first position when his attacking movement com- menced; second, that I was directed to hold myself in readiness to move forward if ordered; third, that I did so move forward as promptly as possible the moment I received word I was needed, but arrived too late to partake in the engagement. May 26, General Newtons line was relocated so as to form a better connection with General Hooker. General Stanley filled a gap on Newt ons right with two or three regiments, the rest of his division in reserve. General Wood gradually developed his line on Newtons left, driving in the enemys skirmishers, crossing Browns Mill creek with his main force, and securing an important hill, then apparently opposite the enemys right flank. These lines were found subse- quently at different points to be within 100 yards of the enemys intrenchments, hence the firing of skirmishers, or from main line to main line, was constant and cost us many men. Our lines were thoroughly intrenched as soon as possible, and every battery that~ could be brought to bear upon the enemy was placed in position and covered by good works. May 27, General Stanley moved to the left of General Newton and relieved General Woods division preparatory to the latter making an assault on the enemys line at a point wlii~h Major-General Sher- 13 B RVOL xx~xviii, PT Page 194 194 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. man had designated. Om a careful reconnaissance made by General Thomas and myself it was ascertained that the enemy were then prepared to bring a cross-fire of artillery and musketry upon the approaches to that position. Therefore I was directed to move Gen- eral Wood farther to the left and beyond all troops and endeavor to strike the enemys flank. Johnsons division of the Fourteenth Corps was sent to me as a support. I have omitted to say that the Twenty-third Corps, Major-General Schofield commanding, was already in position on the left of the Fourth. Therefore I selected a field on the extreme left and rear of the Twenty-third Corps, which was pretty well concealed front the enemy by intervening woods, and in this massed the troops, Woods division on the right, formed in a column of six lines deep, and General Johnsons on the left, with a brigade front. The advance from this position commenced at 11 a. m. and in an easterly direction. The columns moved forward with very little interruption for nearly a mile. I thought we must have reached the enemys flank, whereupon General Wood wheeled his command to- ward the right till he was faced nearly south. A brigade of the Twenty-third Corps, General McLeans, deployed so as to form a junction with General Wood on his right. The latter pressed for- ward his skirmishers till a large open field was reached. Here it was discovered that the enemys work s were still in our front. Imme- diately the skirmishers were withdrawn and the column ihoved rapidly by the left flank at least another mile to the eastward. The ground was carefully reconnoitered by General Wood and myself. We still found a line of works to our right, but they did not seem to cover General Woods front, and they were new, the enemy still working hard upon them. I gave a little time for the troops of Woods division to rest, and for Johnsons to form a little retired on his (Woods) left. From the position now occupied by the troops woods more or less open extended upt o the enemys apparent flank. A road skirted the woods opposite our right, running perpendicular to the enemys lines. Another road ran obliquely toward the left and in rear of Johnsons position. McLeans brigade was sent to a place in full view of the enemys works, a little to the right of the point of attack, with a view to attract the enemys attention and draw his fire. As soon as everything was in readiness, at about 5 p. in., General Wood commenced his advance. Hazens brigade lead- ing. The entire column marched briskly forward, driving in the enemys skirmishers and vigorously assaulting his main line. Com- plaint came immediately that the supporting column under General Johnson was not far enough advanced. General Johnson was directed to push forward a brigade to Hazens left. He tinswered that he was doing so, and that it would soon be in position. General Wood became very heavily engaged, so as to necessitate moving for- ward his supporting lines, and he found strong works in his front, except, perhaps, opposite his two left regiments. Colonel Scribner, who commanded General Johnsons advance brigade, finding his own left fired into from across Picketts Mills creek, halted and threw some troops across it for his own protection. This delay occurring at precisely the same time with Woods assault was unfor- tunate, for it enabled the enemy with his reserves to force back the left of General Woods line and bring an enfilading and reverse fire upon his troops, Again by some mistake of orders, McLeans troop Page 195 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 195 did not show themselves to the enemy, nor open any fire to attract his attention on General Woods right, so that the enemy was able to pour a cross-fire of artillery and musketry into his right flank. Under these circumstances it soon became evident that the assault had failed, and that the troops must be withdrawn with care in order to bring off our wounded, and to prevent a successful sally of the enemy from his works. General Johnson formed his troops in rear of and to the left of the entire position, while General Wood care- fully withdrew his division and formed on a ridge farther to the right. General McLean having beei~ requested to push farther to the right in order to make connection with the rest of the army, disre- garded the request and moved off at once by, the road, leaving these two divisions isolated. He (McLean) alleged in excuse that his men were entirely without rations. Our losses were very heavy, being upward of 1,400 killed, wounded, and missing in General Woods division alone. Though the assault was repulsed, yet a position was secured near Picketts Mills of the greatest importance to the subse- quent movements of the arr~iy, and it has been subsequently ascer- tained that the enemy suffered immensely in the action, and regarded it as the severest attack made during this eventful campaign. John- son and Wood~ made strong intrenchments during the night. Gen- eral Johnson received quite a severe wound from a shell and was obliged to leave his command the next morning. During this move- ment and fighting on the left, Stanley and Newton made strong demonstrations in their respective fronts. At 4 p. m. the enemy tried their lines, from which he was driven back with loss. May 28, very little occurred on my front of interest except the readjusting lines. Stanley placed a brigade in reserve on the Ac- worth road opposite the interval between General Wood and Major- General Schofield. At 4.30 p. m. the enemy made a slight demon- stration in front of Generals Stanley and Newton, while he was making a regular assault upon General McPhersons lines near Dallas. The enemy was repulsed at every point. May 29, very little of interest occurred during the day. An as- sault was made by the enemy upon General Newtons line at 11 p. in., which his troops handsomely repulsed. Heavy firing was heard in the direction of Dallas a little later, whereupon a strong demonstra- tion by artillery and musketry firing was made by Stanley and Newton. May 30 and 31, skirmishing and some slight reconnaissances by ourselves and the enemy, but no material change occurred. June 1, the movement of the army to the left commenced, General McPherson and General Davis having withdrawn from the extreme right position. On the 2d the movement was continued; the Twentieth and Twen- ty-third Corps and part of the Fourteenth passed beyond our ex- treme left. June 3 and 4; nothing of consequence, excepting that I thinned and extended my lines so as to cover the ground occupied by the Twenty-third Corps, and afterward by Davis division, of the Four- teenth Corps, relieving those troops in order to prolong our lines to the left. The result of these movements was to cause the enemy to abandon his lines on the night of June 4. June 3, the command rested Page 196 196 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [O~p. L. June 6, marched toward Acworth, crossing Allatoona Creek, and massed the command near Dr. Peters house, on the Acworth and Sandtown road, about two miles from Acworth, which was already in possession of our troops. June 7, 8, and 9, all that was done by the entire army was estab- lishing the depots at Allatoona, rebuilding the bridge across the Etowah, and bringing up supplies. - June 10, movements were resumed. The Fourth Corps was directed to follow the Fourteenth along the direct Marietta road. The Fourteenth Corps having passed to the left this road was open to my command. I pushed forward General Stanleys division in the advance until within view of Pine Top, which is an isolated hill just to the south of the Burnt Hickory and Marietta road. Here we encountered the enemys skirmishers. Pressing them back we discovered that Pine Top was occupied by the enemy in force. At .this point the command was halted to wait for the appearance of the Fourteenth Corps, which was to have the front in the order of march for the day. When it appeared General Palmer formed his line facing southward toward Pine Top. The two corps formed in con- junction and pushed up to within cannon range of the enemys line. During the night batteries were put in position and good works were constructed. June 11, General Palmers corps gained a little ground to his left and front. The interval left was filled by my command. June 12 and 13, heavy rains occurred and no change took place. June 14, my lines were extended about 300 paces, and advanced some three-quarters of a mile on the left toward the east of Pine Top and in conjunction with the Fourteenth Corps. During the last three days much artillery firing occurred. We opened all of our batteries whenever the enemy showed any force. During the night of the 14th the enemy abandoned his advanced lines at Pine Top and withdrew within his works, already prepared, running from Kenesaw to Lost Mountain. My troops occupied Pine Top as early as 3 a. m. June 15. At 11 a. m. I received an order from Major-General Thomas to, form a column of attack and to move southward to the left of Pine Top promptly at 2 p. m. Newtons division was selected to take the lead, followed by the divisions of Generals Stanley and Wood. General Newton was required to move forward briskly, with a strong skirmish line, and develop, if possible, a practicable point for attack, choosing his own formation. It took General Newton until 3 p. m. to get his column organized, when he pushed forward a strong line of skirmishers, which in a few moments encountered an intrenched skirmish line of the enemy. This line was carried with very little delay, whereupon General Newton moved up his main lines to the position gained. The skirmish line was advan3ed still farther, but encountered so heavy a musketry fire that it was deemed prudent to deploy a portio~i of the advanced line. I moved up Gen- eral Stanley to cover General Newtons right flank. In the mean- while General Newton had driven the enemys skirmishers within his main works and reported them so thoroughly constructed and so well manned that I deemed it improper to risk an assault without a further reconnaissance, besides, the day was already nearly spent. General Thomas approved of my action and directed me to fortify where I then was Page 197 CRAP. Li REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 197 The next day, June 16, two batteries were constructed on our skir- mish line. In the one on Stanleys front a valuable officer, Captain Simonson, General Stanleys chief of artillery, was killed. During the night these two batteries were connected by main lines of in- trenchments and our troops moved into them. The position of a part of these lines was such that the enemys skirmishers had to be pushed back to gain it. The whole line was then in close proxiniity to the enemys works. Doubtless believing that we could carry several points in our front by assault, the enemy determined to withdraw during the night. At any rate my trQops entered his abandoned works by daylight on the morning of the 17th. Our skirmish line found that of the enemy about a mile beyond these works, and in such a position as to indi- cate that he had simply withdrawn his left, without moving his right flank. My lines were formed facing eastward, General Wood on the right, General Newton on the left, General Stanley in reserve, and advanced well covered with skirmishers. The difficulties of the ground were such that the enemy was enabled to resist our progress more than usual. It took until night to drive the enemys skirmish- ers across Mud Creek. After dark our skirmishers, having secured a favorable position, thoroughly intrenched it. Twice before day- light the enemy attempted to drive them back, but failed. June 18, at 6.45 a. m. it was reported to me by one of General Woods staff officers that the enemy appeared to be leaving, where- upon I directed Generals Newton and Wood to advance a strong line of skirmishers to ascertain whether this report was true. This move- ment was commenced at once; on Newtons front the enemy seemed taken partially by surprise and was driven from a main line of works. General Harker, perceiving the advantage gained, without waiting for orders, deployed two of his regiments to secure and hold this advanced position. I directed General Newton to move up his entire division in support. General Bairds division, of the Four- teenth Corps, came up very promptly on his left. General Wood hav- ing gained the ridge east of Mud Creek, intrenched the position, making a continuous work. General Newtons troops were in such close contact with the enemy that three men were detailed from each company in the front line to keep up a continuous fire to prevent him from opening his artillery or musketry, which, however, in spite of this precaution, was occasionally done. As soon as it was dark Newtons division intrenched strongly within less than 1OQ yards of tne enemys works. The advantage gained by these movements was great. The line seized was that portion of the old line that jut- ted out from the new, which was necessary for the enemy to hold in order to prevent a successful assault upon his new position. It had rained hard during the whole day, and Mud Creek was swollen so that horses had to swim it, yet the troops managed to bridge it and cross with infantry and artillery, and secure the important ground before described. General Thomas, as soon as he was apprized of the position of things, directed an assault for the next day, but the enemy again withdrew before morning. June 19, as soon as I discovered that the enemy had gone, I di- rected General Stanley, at 6 a. in., to push forward toward Marietta, which he did, followed by the other two divisions. He encountered the enemys skirmishers near Wallaces house, on the Marietta road, about three-quarters of a mile from Noyes Creek, beyond whic Page 198 198 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. lie drove the enemy with his infantry and artillery. General New- ton came up and did the same on his left. The command then took position on the western bank of this creek. The enemys position was in plain sight and within musketry range. His lines seemed to extend along the crest of Little Kenesaw and the southern spur, refusing to his left after reaching the base of it. This line was ap- p arently unassailable, being as strong as possible by nature, and having plenty of felled trees in its front. General Hooker, who had moved in a parallel column, had crossed ~oyes Creek farther south, and moved northward, until his left division was near my right flank. The next morning, June 20, General Hookers h~ft division (Wil- liams) was relieved by General Woods division and one brigade of General Stanleys division. During the forenoon Stanley crossed the creek in his front and constructed a line of works. During the af- ternoon he carried a wooded hill in front of Whitakers brigade, also another called Bald Knob in front of his right brigade (Colonel Kirbys). Whitaker vapidly barricaded his new front. He had liar dly got his works constructed when they were fiercely assaulted by the enemy, who was repulsed with heavy loss. The attempt was renewed several times, but with no better success. On Kirbys front, however, it was attempted to hold the knob by skirmishers, while the pioneers intrenched. These skirmishers with the pioneers were forced back by the assault on Whitakers brigade, which extended to them, and this position was lost for the day. June 21, General Newtons division, having been relieved by General Palmer, was moved to the right of General Woods, reliev- ing a part of General Hookers troops. At 11.30 a. m. I ordered that Colonel Kirby and Colonel Nodine, commanding General Woods left brigade, move in conjunction, and seize and hold the Bald Knob that Kirby had lost the evening before. The enemy had then in- trenched it pretty strongly, and it was under the hottest kind of a fire from his guns. I directed a concentrated artillery fire of a half hours duration upon this point, and ordered the advance, which was promptly made. The enemy was driven off, a number of prisoners were taken, the knob was secured, and the crest was intrenched while the enemy was firing upon it from two batteries of artillery. Gen- eral Wood pushed two of his regiments stilL farther to the front and right, and took pQssession of a height, which made the enemy abandon a long intrenched skirmish line, and enabled us to move forward our right across an open field, 400 or 500 yards. June 22, General Hooker advanced his corps in an easterly direc- tion on my right, and my right divisioii was wheeled up in connec- tion with the movement, occasioning heavy skirmishing in its front. About 5p. m. the enemy made an assault on General Hookers right division (General Williams), and I was soon requested to relieve his left division (General Butterfields) for a re-enforcement with my troops. I sent every regiment that I had out of line at once. Gen- eral Thomas had already directed that General Stanleys should be relieved by General Kings, but this could not be effected till after dark, owing to Kings close proximity to the enemy. As soon as relieved, during the night, Stanley pushed his entire command to my right. June 23, in accordance with request of General Thomas, I tried an intrenched height in front of Generals Newtons and Stanley Page 199 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERL AND. 199 position, it being doubted whether or not this was a portion of the enemys main line. I opened upon it a conc~ntrated artillery fire from as many guns as I could bring to bear, and immediately after- ward advanced a strong skirmish line, which drove the enemy within his works, and developed a heavy artillery and musketry fire. By this operation I advanced our lines, particularly on the extreme right, to very close proximity to the rebel works. These proved to be his main lines, covered by troublesome abatis and other entanglements. June 24. 25, and 26, the corps remained in the same position. June 27, in General Thomas special field orders, of June 26, I was required to assault the enemys works at some point near the left of General Stanleys division. General Palmer, with his col- umn on my right, was directed to carry the enemys works in his front. The whole movement was to take place at 8 a. m. After a careful examination of the ground, I found only two points where the troops could have a reasonable cover in Stanleys front, and decided to make two columns of attack. Brigadier-General Harker led one column and General Wagner another, while General Kim- ball moved in support in echelon with Wagners brigade. These columns had each a regimental division front, and were sepa- rated by about 100 yards interval. The whole front was covered- by a strong line of skirmishers. Such troops of Stanleys and Woods as were free to move were massed in support. The ar- tillery of the corps was so placed as to bring a heavy fire on the points of attack. General Palmers arrangements were made simul- taneous with mine. The artillery opened from all points and con- tinued firing for about fifteen minutes. At a preconcerted signal the columns pushed rapidly forward, driving in the enemys skir- mishers. and were not checked until they reached the entangle- ments in front of the enemys works. At this place the artillery and infantry fire became so galling that the advance was stopped. General Harker is reported to have made a second advance, when he received the wound which caused his death. Some of his men succeeded in reaching the enemys works, but failed to secure a lodgment. As soon as it became evident that the enemys intrench- ments could not be carried by assault the command was directed to resume its former position. Our losses wer.e very heavy, particu- larly in valuable officers. I call special attention to the report of Brig- adier-General Newton of this attack, and to his opinion as to the causes of its being unsuccessful. My experience is that a line of works thoroughly constructed, with the front well covered with abatis and other entanglements, well manned with infantry, whether with our own or that of the enemy, cannot be carried by direct assault. The exceptions are where some one of the above condi- tions is wanting or where the defenders are taken by sifrprise. The strength of such a line is, of course, increased by well-arranged batteries. Notwithstanding the probabilities against success, it is sometimes necessary to assault strong works, as has occurred in sev- eral instances during the present campaign. From June 28 to July 2, inclusive, preparations were made and partially executed for resting the left of the entire army opposite the southern extremity of Little Kenesaw, s6 as to extend the right and turn the enemys left flank. The enemy, doubtless perceiving these movements, evacuated his position in our front on the night of the 2d Page 200 200 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca& p. L. July 3, the corps marched from camp in pursuit of the enemy at 5 a. ~m., Stanleys division leading. After passing through Marietta the corps fcllowed a route to the left of the railroad and came upon the enemy s skirmishers near Neal Dow Station, between three and four miles south of Marietta. Stanleys division was deployed confronting the enemy, the right resting on the railroad, and the other two divisions were massed in reserve. A little south of this point, at a place known as Smyrna Camp-Ground, the enemy had constructed another good system of works, behind a wide, open field, almost covering his entire front Having come upon the eliemys intrenched skirmish line, and it being late in the day when the troops had arrived, no farther advance was ordered. July 4, General Newtons and General Woods divisions were moved up into line, on the left of General Stanleys. At 9 a. m. General Stanley was ordeeed to strengthen his skirmish line and assault and carry the skirmish line of the enemy, which was unusu- ally strong. It had intrenched pits, with from ten to twenty men in each, and these in many places were not more than twenty yards apart. Generals Newton and Wood were ordered to move their skirmish lines in conjunction with General Stanleys. The move- ment commenced at about 11 a. m. The lines were handsomely car- ried in Stanleys front under a trying artillery fire in addition to the musketry fire from the rifle-pits. Immediately General Stanley moved up his main line and intrenched the position gained. This was within short musketry range of the enemys continuous works. General Newton took a part of the same line, as also did General Wood at a later hour. During the night the enemy again retreated. July 5, pursuit was continued by my corps along the railroad, General Wood leading. Very little skirmishing until the head of column reached Vinings Station. From this point a road led to the east toward Atlanta, crossing the Chattahoochee River at Paces Ferry, where the enemy had a pontoon bridge. Woods skirmishers encountered a brigade of dismounted cavalry, which had its front covered by rail barricades along a ridge at right angles to the above- named road, and one-quarter of a mile from the station. He quickly drove the enemy from his barricades and pushed on to the river, where he arrived in time to save a greater part of the enemys bridge. The dismounted cavalry seemed to have retreated by a river road, that we did not then know, toward the railroad bridge, and therefore escaped capture. This accomplished, the command went into camp on the high groui~d near to and facing the river. July 6, 7, and 8, remained in position. making an occasional dem- onstration and feint as if to throw a bridge, with a view to keep as large a force of the enemy on the opposite bank as possible. July 9, in ~accordance with instructions from department head- quarters, General Newtons division was sent to Roswell Factory to support General Garrards cavalry in effecting a crossing of the Chatt~hooche~ at that point. He crossed and made a bridge-head. July 10, Stanleys and Woods divisions moved to near the mouth of Soap Creek, in support of General Schofield, who had crossed the river at that point. July 11, at 5 p. m. reoeived orders to secure the heights opposite Powers Ferry, on the south side of the ChattahQochee, to protect the laying of a bridge at that point. Stanleys division fulfilled these instructions the next morning at daylight, passing the river at Schofields bridge Page 201 CH.4P. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CTJMBERLAND. 201 July 12, at 3 a. m. received the order from General Thomas to move my entire corps to the south side of the river, crossing a son- toon bridge at Powers Ferry that Colonel Buell was dirQcte to lay. Woods division moved over as soon as the bridge was com- pleted, while General Newtons division returned from Roswell Factory and crossed the next morning. The two latter divisions formed a strong line on Stanleys left and front. July 13, 14, 15, and 16. my command remained in position. July 17, General Woods division moved down the south side of. the river three miles, to clear the xvay for laying a bridge at Paces Ferry and cover the crossing of the Fourteenth Corps. As soon as this was accomplished the division returned. Owing to the rugged nature of the country, the want of roads, and the proximity of the enemys masses to Paces Ferry, Woods movement was an impor- tant and delicate one. It was satisfactorily executed, and without an engagement. July 18, an intimation was given by signal dispatch, about mid- night, that orders would be received to march at daylight. Upon this dispatch the corps was directed to move, The order of instruc- tions was not received till 5 a. in., just as the corps was moving. As far as concerned this command, it was to march directly on Buck Head and go into position on the left of the place, along the Tur- ner s Ferry and Buck Head road. Newtons head of column left camp at 4.30 a. m. Very little opposition was encountered till near Nancys Creek, on the opposite side of which the enemys cavalry was disposed, supporting a section of artillery. The bridge across the creek was partially burned. The enemy opened his artillery on Newtons advance. Batteries, however, were placed in position and fired, driving off the enemys guns. After some little delay the creek was crossed, the enemy driven away, and the bridge rebuilt. The column progressed, skirmishing with the enemys cavalry; reached Buck Head about noon and took up the position above indicated. July 19, in accordance with instructions from General Thomas, General Woods division made a reconnaissance down the Buck Head and Atlanta road, reaching Peach Tree Creek at 6.30 a. m. The enemys outposts, driven in by General Wood, burned the bridge after crossing. Having accompanied this reconnaissance, I discov- ered a well-constructed bridge-head on the high ground beyond the creek. The enemy had artillery and infantry, and was in consider- able force. Stanley meanwhile reconnoitered on the Decatur road. Driving the enemys skirmishers, he seized the bridge, just burning, across the north fork of Peach Tree Creek and saved the most of it. Newton pushed a reconnaissance on an intermediate road to Peach Tree Creek, but found the bridge already destroyed and the enemy intrenched in force on the opposite bank. All of these facts were immediately reported to General Thomas. At 11.20 a. m. instruc- tions were received from General Thomas to cross Peach Tree Creek, whereupon General Wood was required to effect a crossing near his position. He succeeded in crossing the creek beyond the enemys left flank. turned his position, forced hini from the bridge-head, and moved over two brigades of his division to hold the points gained. He immediately commenced to rebuild the bridge. Stanley also, on the Decatur road, repaired the old bridge and constructed a new one. Newtons division was moved to Peach Tree Creek i Page 202 202 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. support of General Wood. Stanley moved across the north fork and encamped for the night. July 20, there being a slight conflict of orders received, I visited department headquarters at daylight, and was instructed to push otie division on the direct Atlanta road, and to move the other two as directly as possible to the support of General Schofield. General Newton was instructed to relieve the troops of General Wood in his vicinity, and General Wood to close up on General Stanley on the Decatur road. General Stanley commenced the march at 7 a. in., and proceeded to the crossing of the south fork of Peach Tree Creek, followed by General Wood. Here the bridge was found to have been burned. Having pushed over a strong skirmish line, a new bridge was built. At 10 a. m. General Stanley began to cross his column. His skirmishers were already engaged. Communica- tion was had with General Schofield, who was moving on a road about a mile to our left. This road and mine gradually converged toward Atlanta. Soon the enemy fired with shells and canister upon Stanleys advance, and the resistance became obstinate, thus indicating that we were in the presence of a large force. General Stanley drove in the enemys outposts, and came up in sight of in- trenchments, well made and well located, in front of which the usual line of skirmishers was formed. Little was done until near night, except to deploy our lines and make works in close proximity to the enemys position, General Wood forming to the right of Gen- eral Stanley. During the afternoon and evening General Stanley had a severe skirmish, driving in portions of the enemys picket-line and capturing the rest in his front. Newtons division, in accord- ance with instructions from department headquarters, endeavored to push on toward Atlanta on the direct road. As General Newton was separated from the other two divisions of the corps by an inter- val of nearly two miles, and as it was difficult, if not impossible, to communicate with him, I directed that he should report for orders to General Thomas. The latter instructed him to wait till the Twentieth Corps had formed a junction with him, m~nd then advance. About 1 p. m. he ordered forward his skirmishers, driving in those of the enemy, securing for himself important ground, and ascertain- ing that the enemy was near by in strong force, whereupon he located two brigades in line nearly perpendicular to the road, on the right and left, and moved the other up in column for support. Between the two deployed brigades a battery of four guns was placed. General Newton covered his front as rapidly as possible with rough rail barricades. Soon lie was severely attacked in front by a division of the enemy. Another di vision had already pushed back his skirmishers and passed his left flank, thrusting itself be- tween the Pea Vine and Peach Tree Creeks. Immediately after the front attack a third rebel division attacked his right. The general seems to have given his attention first to his left. His artillery not in position in front was located in the ~rear, and together with some musketry fire from detached regiments, checked and drove back this flanking force into the woods. Next the front attack, which enveloped the left, was handsomely met and the enemy was driven back with loss. The attack upon his right was repulsed by his right brigade, which was obliged to protect its flank by forming a line at right angles to its position. This flank was, however, soon covered by the advance of the Twentieth Corps. A second attempt wa Page 203 CHAP. 903 REPORTS, ETC. ARMY OF THE CUMBEELAND. made on Newtons left and rear. This time Major-General Thomas had sent him an additional battery from the Twentieth Corps, which, in conjunction with the guns already in position and another 4-gun battery belonging to Newton, opened fire upon the enemys columns. He was then easily repulsed, after the first attack. Several subse- quent assaults were made upon Newtons lines, the action lasting till after dark. The brigade commanders, Brigadier-General Kimball, Colonels Bradley and Blake, are highly complimented for gallantry; also other officers, in General Newtons report. The position held was vital, securing, as it did, the Buck Head and Atlanta road, and constituting the left of our right wing, while the army was divided. The loss of the division was small compared with that of the Twen- tieth Corps engaged on its immediate right. This r~sulted from the peculiar disposition of the troops, and that they had time to cover their front with slight barricades. The enemys loss in killed and wounded in front of this division amounted to upward of 1,500, while the casualties of the division itself were about 100. General Newtons division held possession of the field, and buried the enemys dead. In the night the enemy withdrew from the angle between Newtons left and the north fork of Peach Tree Creek, enabling General Wood in the morning to swing up a mile and a half upon his extreme right. July 21, Generals Stanley and Wood again pressed up close to the enemys new lines and skirmished sharply with him during the en- tire day. Batteries were placed in position and fired continuously at every point where they could produce any effect. During the night the enemy evacuated his works and moved into Atlanta. July 22, at daylight General Stanley and General Wood moved on different roads toward Atlanta. Stanley came upon the enemys skirmishers about two miles from the city, and immediately deployed his lines. -General Wood formed upon his right, pushing well to the front and takiiig possession of an important ridge. General Newton moved up on the Buck Head road and formed a junction with Woods division. In this general position my lines were established and fortified, and the batteries of the corps, for the most part, placed in such a position as to bring a fire upon the enemys works or the city beyond. During the day a terrific battle occurred between the enemy and the Army of the Tennessee on the extreme left. Mean- while, in accordance with instructions received, I held my command in momentary readiness to move. July 23. 24, 25, and 26, my corps remained substantially in the same position, having completed a system of works strong enough to be held by a thin single line. July 27, in obedience to orders from Major-General Sherman, I took leave of the Fourth Army Corps and assumed command of the Army of the Tennessee. In conclusion I wish to say that it pains me not to be able to give a substantial reward to officers who have so faithfully, so energetic- ally, and unselfishly co-operated with me during our prolonged and arduous campaign. I leave the gallant officers and soldiers in the hands of division, brigade, and regimental commanders for honora- ble mention, wishing it understood that I am the earnest friend of every one who is true and patriotic. Major-General Stanley, Brigadier-General Newton, and Brigadier- General Wood, commanding divisions, have served the country fo Page 204 204 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ciiii.. L. the last hundred days with ability and constancy, and to them I tender my warmest thanks. All under their command I must leave without special notice, from the fact that otherwise the list would be too extended. For gallantry, efficiency, unflinching activity, and gentlemanly deportment I commend the different members of my staff, viz: Col. F. T. Sherman, chief of staff (captured while reconnoitering, July 7); Lieut. Col. J. S. Fullerton, assistant adjutant-general; Lieut. Col. C. H. Howard, assistant inspector-general; Lieut. Col. H. Hayes~ chief quartermaster; Lieut. Col. D. Remick, chief commis- sary of subsistence; Surg. J. Theo. Heard, medical director; Capt. E. P. Pearson, Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, commissary of musters; Capt. Henry Kaldenbaugh, provost-marshal; Capt. Joseph A. Schoeninger, staff quartermaster; Capt. II. M. Stinson, aide-de- camp (seriously woun(led through the lungs, May 27); Capt. F. W. Gilbreth, aide-de-camp; Capt. E. H. Kirlin, volunteer aide-de-camp; Capt. Lyman Bridges, chief of artillery. Maj. Francis Mohrhardt is highly recommended for his careful- ness in mapping t.he country passed over by the troops. * It may not be inappropriate, now that I am separated from your army, to express my appreciation of the uniform confidence reposed in me by the commanding general, and to acknowledge that I owe any success or reputation I may have gained while in command of the Fourth Corps, in a great measure to himself. Herewith please find a list of casualties, also of recommendations for promotion. Re~port of casualties in Fourth Army Corps from May 3, 1864, to and including July 26, 1864. Killed. Wounded. captured or missing. Total. .55 S command. 5) 5) 5) 5), 5) ,. ~ 5) 5) 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Headquarters Fourth Army corps 2 3 2 3 5 FirstDivision 15 217 66 1,149 3 78 84 1,444 1,528 5econd Division 32 375 114 1,864 73 146 2,312 2,458 Third Division 27 370 89 1,822 4 267 120 2,459 2,579 Total 74 I 962 271 4,838 7 418 352 I 6,218 6,560 Aggregate strength on leaving Cleveland, excluding the regiments left back as guards at that place and Ooltewah, 20,000 (very nearly). Promotions for efficient service and gallantry in action have been recommended from time to time apart from this report. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. 0. HOWARD, Major- Generat. Brig. Gen. W. D. WHIPPLE, Chief of Staff, Department of the Cumberi and. * For maps Nos. 1 to 14, accompanying this report, see pp. 206211. Nos. 15, 16, 17, and 18 will appear in the Atlas Page 205 C~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 205 A DDEND~. Report of casualties of the Fourth Army Corps from 2Vjay 3 to June 5, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Aggregate. Command. 0 Cd C) Cd C) C) C) 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Headquarters Fourth Army Corps I I . . . 1 1 FirstDivision 1 60 17 390 . 22 18 472 SecondDivision 9 162 41 831 11 50 1,004 Third Division 20 271 61 1,249 4 251 85 1,771 Total 30 493 120 2,471 4 284 154 3,248 Brigadier-General Wood reports 255 of his men as missing at the action of May 27, and in reference thereto~ppends to his report a written explanation, of which the following is a copy: I visited the battle-field of Picketts Mills twice yesterday and examined it closely. The numerous single graves and several lines of trenches on the battle- field outside of the enemys intrenchments (capable of containing from twenty-five to forty bodies) fully explain where most of the 255 missing of that day went to. I am fully satisfied that nearly the whole of them were either killed outright on the field or were wounded and could not be brought away, and fell into the hands of the enemy when we abandoned the field at 10 p. m. on the 27th. Respectfully submitted. 0. 0. HOWARD, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH ARMY CORPS, Near Acworth, Ga., Jane 8, 1864. Brigadier-G~iieral WHIPPLE, Assistant Adjutant- General and Chief of Staff. List of casualties in Fourth Army Corps in action of June 27, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Command. ,,5 . 0 .~ 0 ~ 0 Aggregate. C) Cd C) 0 ~ 8 84 58 597 2 7 688 First Division 1 7 7 77 5econd Division 12 70 45 445 ThirdDivision I 2 6 Total 13 78 54 528 1 82 68 Total loss, 756. Respectfully submitted. 0. 0. HOWARD, Major- General, Commanding. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM D. WHIPPLE, A. A. G. and Chief of Staff, Dept. of the Cumberland Page 206 206 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. tCu~r. L Page 207 CHAP. L] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. C Jfcuj14~ to 17~JB64. NQ 5 W~rks occupied 7#y 4@Army Corps. Emeinys Works.--- . 207 NQ4 May 17~ 1864 Page 208 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. May 1S~-~ to ~?3~JB64 Wbr7i~s occupied ~y 4~4 Array Corps. Enenzy.------- . 208 [CHAP. L. N26 Page 209 CHAP. Li REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF TIlE CUMBEELAND. 209 IV~nhs occupied by 4~Army Corps. Enemy. 14 R RVOL XXXVIII, PT Page 210 THE ATLAN~1A CAMPAIGN. 6~ 210 [CHAP. L. June1Y~ to July 3~1864. July ~ to )0f/K 1864 Page 211 C~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 21 Page 212 212 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. No. 12. Repori3 of Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Army Corps, of operations July 27September 8. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH ARMY CoRPs, Atlanta, Ga., September 16, 1864. I have the honor to report that upon the morning of the 27th of July General Howard, commanding Fourth Army Corps, turned the command over to me, and left the same morning to take com- mandof the Army of the Tennessee. The corps was at this time occupying a line of works confronting the fortifications of Atlanta, extending from a quarter of a mile northwest of the Buck Head road to the neighborhood of what was known as the Howard house,Gen- eral Newton holding the right, Wood the center, and the First (my old) Division, now commanded by Colonel Grose, the left. During the 27th the position was strengthened, and batteries were put in to play upon Atlanta. On the 28th we were directed to make astrong d~emonstration against the enemy and, if possible, carry a point of his line. This was done by a strongly re-eiiforced skirmish line, and the enemys rifle-pits were carried upon Woods and Groses fronts, but the fire of artillery was so severe, and the main work of the enemy seemed so well filled, that no attempt was made to carry it. We took upon this occasion about 50 prisoners and retained and fortified for our skirmish line that of the enemy. During the 29th, 30th, and 31st no change was made upon our line. Being notified that the Army of the Ohio would be withdrawn, leaving the Fourth Corps upon the flank of the army, a new flank was constructed upon the 1st of August running from the point at which the Buck Head road intersected our froiit line along the line of Spring Creek. rphis line we subsequently did not need to use. The Army of the Ohio moved out the night of the 1st of August, and it was deemed advisable to keep up a show of force in the line occupied by them. The First Division and Kimballs brigade, of Newtons division, were accordingly so extended as to occupy all the line occupied by General Schofield. This was intended as only a temporary arrangement, to be maintained twenty-four hours, but was finally kept up until the investment of Atlanta was abandoned. The 2d was employed strengthening our lines. On the 3d a demon- stration was made to attract the attention of the enemy from Scho- fields movements. The rebel picket-line was again captured, and 30 of their men fell into our hands. On the 4th, 5th, and 6th these demonstrations were continued with such variation as our judg- ment could suggest. All, however, tended to confirm the opinion that the enemy held his line in too strong force to be carried by any sudden dash. From this date to the 17th no special movement was made. Our lines were very thin, probably not more than one rank in many parts of the work, but the lack of force was supplied by the material defenses we constructed, consisting of abatis, fraises, so well applied as to make our line almost invulnerable. On the 17th orders were received directing the withdrawing of the corps from their investing line and the massing of the troops behind the Fourteenth Corps. This order also directed the providing of forage, rations, and ammunition for an expedition ot fifteen days. The movement was to commence on the night of the 18th, but the same day orders were received delaying the execution of the order until further instructions, in anticipation of favorable results from a contemplated raid upon the Macon railroad by General Kilpa Page 213 (Thip. L] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CTTMBERLAND. 213 ricks command. During the 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st demonstra- tions were constantly kept up against the enemys position, to favor the movements of Kilpatrick. By the display of troops, exhibition of flags in new places, and by strong reconnaissances pushed south of the Decatur road the enemy were impressed with the belief that we had extended our lines to the left, and considerable change was made in his disposition of troops to meet us. These demonstra- tions, always resulting in severe skirmishes, were not without some loss to us, but our men never failed to drive the enemy into his main works. On the night of the 25th the movement of withdrawal, directed to have taken place on the 18th, was successfully carried out, and the troops quietly withdrew from the left at night-fall. The pick- ets, under charge of Colonel Bennett, Seventy-fifth Illinois, came away so secretly that the enemy continued firing all night, onl~jY discover. ing our absence at daybreak. One surgeon, 1 captain, an 2 privates were captured by the enemy, the result of their own inexcusable straggling. The rear guard of the last division (Newtons) reached Proctors Creek at 3 in the morning. The corps was formed in line at this point. The enemys skirmishers followed and engaged ours about 8 a.m. on the 26th. After waiting an hour and finding that w~ were followed only by a skirmish line the corps was put in motion, General Kimballs division, west of Proctors Creek, covering the movement. About the time the troops were stretched out on the road the attack upon our pickets became more serious, and General Kimball had to send two regiments, which had just gotten in posi- tion behind an old breast-work when the rebel skirmish line charged. They received a volley which dispersed them, and our rear came away without any further molestation. The day was exceedingly sultry, and the most trying upon the men of any during the campaign. The corps, however, made a good march, crossing Utoy Creek and tak- ing position in line of battle, facing east, in the vicinity of Uto~ Post-Office. On the 27th we moved by a road leading south and too position at Mount Gilead Church, forming line facing nearly south. The enemys pickets were just in front of us at this place. They fired a few shots from artillery at our pickets. On the 28th the corps moved to the vicinity of Red Oak, on the West Point rail- road, following the Fourteenth Corps, the artillery and trains fol- lowing a parallel road to the west of the one used by us. We encamped for the night in line of battle, facing east. On the 29th General Wood, with two brigades of his division and Taylors brigade, of Kimballs division, co-operated with the Four- teenth Corps in the destruction of the West Point railroad; the road was thoroughly destroyed to a point three and a half miles from East Point. On the 30th moved by Ballards to Mrs Longs, on the Atlanta and Fayetteville road. The enemys skirmishers were fbund, and proved very obstinate. On the Shoal Creek road, which was east from Mrs. Longs, General Newtons division was left in position to guard this road, and Woods and Kimballs divisions were encamped in line upon the Atlanta and Fayetteville road. This position of the troops, it was learned just at night..fall, was not in accordance with the views of the department commaiider, but owing to the lateness of the hour it was not deemed advisable to move the whole force, and one brigade of General Woods division and the pickets of the command were pushed out to cover the road leading by Morrows Mills to Decatur. General Newton, at Manns house, on the Shoal Creek road, reported the enemy in considerable force, and intrenched between himself and Morrows Mills. Earl Page 214 214 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. August 31 the corps was moved in the direction of Rough and Ready by way of Thorns Mill. General Newton was instructed to remain in position until he should be joined by General Schofields force, and then to follow. Arriving in sight of the mills on Crooked Creek, on the Decatur road, a long line of breast-works could be seen on the opposite side of the creek. These were occupied, but in what force we could not at once determine. Kimballs and Woods divisions were deployed, and pushing forward a strong line of skirmishers, the enemy, who proved to be dismounted cavalry, abandoned the works and took to their heels. Verbal instructions having been re- ceived to push a strong reconnaissance to the railroad southeast of Rough and Ready in conjunction with General Schofield, Newtons division was put in position covering the direct road to Jonesborough, and protecting the artillery and trains, and Woods and Kimballs divisions were pushed forward to the railroad. As the Twenty-third Army Corps occupied the main road leading to the railroad, we had to explore roads leading farther south and as nearly parallel as possi- ble. Owing to delays occasioned by searching for roads, and the brushy nature of the country, we did not arrive on the railroad until ~bout 4 p. in., and just a few moments after General Coxs division, of the Twenty-third Army Corps. A small break was made in the road, but deeming a secure lodgment the most important thing, the troops were formed in line facing Jonesborough, and forming with the Twenty-third Corps a V, with the apex resting east of the road. The troops were strongly barricaded in this position, and a strong force, including all the pioueers of the corps, was ordered to com- mence breaking up the road at 3 oclock in the morning. General Schofield sent me a copy of his instructions from district [division] headquarters, and proposed that Coxs division should go back on the road in the direction of Rough and Ready, assisting Garrard to break up the road, and that I should move on in the direction of Jonesborough, breaking the road, and that he would follow with his corps and make the work complete. Iii answer to this, I objected to his plan of separating forces, not knowiiig the posi- tion of the enemy, but informed him that I should undoubtedly receive instructions from department headquarters. At 10 oclock in the evening I received instructions from department headquarters directing me to move early toward Jonesborough, destroying the road, and apprising me that I would probably overtake Bairds divis- ion similarly employed, and if I found Baird to report for further instructioiis. At daylight the corps was put in motion, Kimballs and Newtons divisions down the railroad, Woods division on the Rough and Ready and Griffin road in charge of the extra artillery and baggage. In starting out in the moming I passed General Schofields headquarters. In conversation he asked me if I ranked him; I told him I did. He then said if a battle occurred he woi~id be under my command. I said to him that there was little likelihood of any battle until reaching Jonesborough, and that our comnion superiors would probably be near at hand. No intimation from any quarter was given me that General Schofield was under my command, nor did I so consider him. I had no right to command him unless so instructed from competent authority. At 10 a. m. the head of the corps arrived at the point struck by General Bairds division the day before. My chief of staff, Colonel Fullerton, was at once sent to General Thomas for instructions. At 12.15 Colonel Fullerton re- turned, saying that General Thomas had sent Woods division to join the corps and that as soon as Wood had joined and I was read Page 215 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 215 to advance I should inform the department headquarters. Major Sinclair, assistant adjutant-general, having also returned from Gen- eral Thomas with instructions to keep down on the flank of General Davis, Fourteenth Corps, the troops were moved down the railroad, the head of the column abreast with the advance of the Fourteenth Corps. Colonel Fullerton brought a message from General Thomas about 4 p. m. to push on down the railroad toward Jonesborough. This was done. The pickets of the enemy were struck about 4 p. m. Kirbys and Groses brigades, of Kimballsd ivision, were deployed and instructed to push the enemy vigorously. Newtons division was also deployed on the left of Kimballs and urged to push for- ward as rapidly as possible. It was past 5 oclock when Kirbys and Gros& s brigades got up in the face of the enemy. This delay, which was fatal to our success, was in part owing to the very dense nature of the undergrowth in front of the enemys position, and further, to the slow progress the skirmishers made in pushing back those of the enemy. General Grose and Colonel Kirby both reported they could not carry the position in their fronts o~ ing to the perfect entangle- ment made by cutting down the thick undergrowth in front of the rail barricade the rebels had hastily thrown up. Newtons division had a much longer circuit to make, and, when moved forward, the right brigade (Wagners) found no enemy in front but received a fire from the rear of their right flank. The flank of the enemy had been found and turned, but it was now pitch dark and nothing more could be done. Very early in the night the enemy retreated. The forma- tion and advance of the troops of Kimballs and Newtons divisions was done under a severe cannonade, and, although the men were perfectly cool and behaved well, I have no doubt but this delayed the deployment. Just before dark General Davis sent me word that he ha~ positive information that we were on their flank, which was the [first] intimation I had of the position of the enemy. No one regrets more than myself the escape of Hardees corps, and it is easy after the facts are revealed to see how he might have been caught; but the position of the enemy was entirely unknown to me and had to be developed, and the time necessary to overcome the difficulties brought us to night, and with night the opportunity for the enemy to escape. I carried out all orders and instructions received without delay, and when the enemy was found used all the personal exertions in my power to push the troops rapidly forward. I believe the sub- ordinate commanders put their troops in position and advanced them to the best of their ability and understanding. That we did not suc- ceed was simply because the daylight was not an hour longer. Woods division was kept in reserve as the Twenty-third Corps was not closed up upon the Fourth, and I had no knowledge of what I might expect from the enemy upon my left flank. The loss, principally in Kimballs division, was about 100 men killed and wounded. We captured 137 prisoners, including 7 commissioned officers. Early on the morning of the 2d of September the enemy was found to have retreated. About 9 oclock the corps was started in pursuit, under instructions from General Sherman to keep down the east side of the railroad, leaving the roads on the right for the Army of the Tennessee. We marched upon the McDonough road and cross-coun- try roads, three miles south of Jonesborough, when, finding that we could find a road for artillery alongside the railroad, this route was followed. At 12 m. the enemy was found in position briskly forti- fying across the road and railroad, about one mile north of Love- joys Station. Arrangements were made at once for advancing upo Page 216 216 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. the positionNewtons division forming the right of the line, Woods the center, and Kimballs the left. General Howard, com- manding the Army of the Tennessee, notified me that he wouki ad- vance in concert with the Fourth Corps, and that he would notify me when ready to advance. This he did at 3.30 oclock in the after- noon. The troops of this corps were immediately put in motion. In an examination of the enemys position upon the railroad with General Newton I had agreed with him that an assault at that point would not be advisable, as the artillery of the enemy had too full a sweep of the ground we mnst pass over. I was under the impres- sion that if the Army of the Tennessee attracted the attention of the enemy I should be able to reach the rebel right flank. Generals Wood and Kimball met very bad ground in their advance. The country about the head of Indian Creek over which they passed is very broken and intersected by difficult little streams and marshes. Owing to these difficulties, it was nearly 6 oclock before Kimballs and Woods divisions arrived at the eneihys position. Their skir- mishers were soon driven in, and General Wood was engaged select- ing a point of attack, when he was severely wounded and disabled from attending to the management of his advance. Colonel Knef- lers brigade, the left one of Woods division, charged and carried the enemys work, bnt were unable to maintain themselves, owing to a sweeping enfilading fire coming from both flanks. General Kimball pushed his brigade well forward, but was struck in flank by a sweeping artillery fire, and finding that he would have to cross the open field to gain the enemys work, which they were laboring might and main to complete, the assault was countermanded; in- deed, the enemy had concentrated force enough to hold nearly as long a line as ourselves, and from our observations Kimballs left brigade was about opposite the rebel flank. As night had fallen at this time, the troops were ordered to intrench and remain in the position gained. The Twenty-third Corps came in sight behind our right flank during the engagement, but gave no support to our movement. The loss in Kneflers brigade was quite severe, includ- ing the dangerously wounding of Colonel Manderson, Nineteenth Ohio, and Lieutenant-Colonel Bailey, Ninth Kentucky, and the killing of Captain Miller, assistant adjutant-general of the brigade. We remained in our position confronting the enemy until the night of the ~5th, when the troops were withdrawn, falling back to Jones- borough. Remained in bivouac at Jonesborough the 6th. On the 7th fell back to the, vicinity of Rough and Ready, and on the 8th marched to our present camp east of Atlanta. In concluding this report I take pleasure in recommending to the favorable consideration of the commander of the department the division commanders of this corps, Generals Newton, Wood, and Kimball; quick and ready to comprehend, they were always zealous and careful to carry out promptly all my directions. I believe they all most honestly deserve promotion. General Wood especially, whose experience is part of the history of this army since its first organization, and who has taken part in all the battles of this army, has peculiar and strong claims for promotion. To my staff I take this occasion to pay a compliment for their industry and efficiency. Col. J. S. Fullerton, assistant adjukrnt-general and chief of staff; Maj. W. H. Sinclair, assistant adjutant-general; Surgeon Heard, medical director. Maj. Francis Mohrhardt, topographical engineer, has prepared for the engineer department a very complete set of maps of the marches and positions of the corps Page 217 Ca& p. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 217 Capt. W. H. Greenwood, corps inspeefor; Capt. J. W. Steele, aide- de-camp; Lieut. L. L. Taylor, aide-de-camp; Captain Pearson, com- missary of musters, acting aide-de-camp; Captain 13oraker, Lieuten- ants Berry and Burton, signal officers, rendered good service as volunteer aides. Lieutenant-Colonel Remick, chief commissary, and Captain Schoen- inger, chief quartermaster, deserve great credit for the efficiency with which their departments were managed. Captain Kalden- bangh, provost-marshal, always had his department in the best of order The Artillery Brigade was under the command of Capt. Lyman Bridges, Illinois Light Artillery. His report and that of battery commanders have been forwarded to the chief of artillery, Depart ment of the Cumberland. The artillery was well managed in action and the horses well cared for on the march and in camp. Captain Bridges deserves credit for the efficiency of the artillery arm. Appended will be found a tabular statement of the casualties of the corps from the 3d day of May, the commencement of the cam- paign, to the 8th day of September, the date of the return to Atlanta. Respectfully submitted. D. S. STANLEY, Major-General, Commanding Fourth Army Corps. Brig. Gen. W. D. WHIPPLE, Chief of Staff, Department of the Cumberland. Consolidated report showing the total number of casualties in the Fourth Army Corps during the campaign beginning May 3 and ending September 8, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. bC 5) 0 June5taff 4th Army corps 3 May: First Division 2 455 Second Division 8 992 Third Division 20 1,856 June: First Division 10 873 Second Division 23 1,288 Third Division 554 July: First Division 3 Second Division 1 196 Third Division 193 August: First Division 2 115 Second Division 2 49 Third Division 1 711 September: First Division 1 189 Second Division 1 100 Third Division .... 3 69 AugustArtillery Brigade SeptemberArtillery Bri- 3 gade. Total 84 1,034 1,118 306 5,329 5,635 14 461 475 416 6,810 7,226 D. S. STANLEY, Major- General, Commanding. ATLANTA, GA., September 15, 1864. ~ is ~) ii u o 0 5) H H 0 H 0 ~ 1 2 3 1 2 63 65 17 249 266 . ... 24 24 19 436 156 164 37 781 818 .... 10 10 55 937 271 291 61 1,249 1,310 4 251 253 85 1,771 136 46 39 634 673 2 52 54 51 822 194 217 71 943 1,014 1 56 57 95 1,193 76 83 16 448 464.... 7 7 23 531 18 21 10 175 185 1 2 3 14 195 27 28 9 152 161.... 7 7 10 186 26 26 14 148 162 1 4 5 15 178 14 16 1 81 82 2 15 17 5 110 2 4 .. . 37 37 1 7 8 3 46 17 18 3 55 58 .... 3 3 4 75 18 19 14 151 165 5 5 15 174 9 10 7 67 74 1 15 16 11 89 6 9 6 52 58 1 1 2 10 59 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 Page 218 218 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. No. 13. Report of Surg. J. Theodore Heard, U. S. Army, Medical Director. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH ARMY CORPS, MEDICAL DIRECTORS OFFICE, September 18, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following brief report of such points as relate to the operations of the medical department of this corps during the recent campaign: The Fourth Army Corps participated in all the movements, skir- mishes, and battles in which the Army of the Cumberland was en- gaged. It moved from Cleveland, Teun., on the 3d day of May, and on the 4th of that month encountered the cavalry pickets of the rebel army near Catoosa Springs, and formed connection with the other corps of the Army of the Cumberland at that point. From that time until the 7th of the present month it was engaged in a series of skirmishes and battles, the most prominent of which are Tunnel Hill, Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Calhoun, Adairsville, Kingston, Dallas, Kenesaw, and Atlanta. The system of brigade hospitals was abolished at the outset of the campaign, and that of division hospitals established, as by Circular No. 4, of March 25, 1863, from the Surgeon-Generals Office. This system, with a few modifications, was also ordered as a permanent organization, and at the present time is in full and successful oper- ation. The frequent changes in the position of the troops necessitated almost a daily change in the location of these hospitals. They were, however, always within easy distance of the command, and were con- ducted by the chief surgeons of divisions, and by the surgeons in charge, with energy and ability. Operations were primary, and every possible attention and care given to the patients. Medical and commissary supplies were abundant, except during the three weeks that the army was in froiit of Dallas, or New Hope Church, and far distant from the depot of supplies. However, although at that time they were not abundant, yet they proved suf- ficient, and at no time have patients suffered from the want of such supplies. All wounded and seriously ill were sent to the rear as rapidly as transportation could be procured. This was rendered absolutely necessary by the constant forward movement of the army. The total number of hospital tents and extra flys in use at the three division hospitals of the corps was as follows: Hospital tents complete, 64; extra flys, 60. This amount of canvas proved suffi- ciently ample to cover all the wounded and seriously sick, which it was necessary to provide for at any one time. In fact, the amount of transportation (six wagons to a division) allowed for hospital purposes will not permit of a larger supply of tents being carried. The following figures, taken from the weekly reports, show the number of cases treated in this corps from the 3d of May to the 10th of September: Taken sick, 13,380; wounded, 5,562; returned to duty, 10,689; sent to general hospital, 8,327; died, 397. Of the num- ber sent to general hospital, many have already returned to their commands. The frequent movements of the army, the constant skirmishing and fighting, the bad roads, and especially the inclemency of th Page 219 Cx& i~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THI~ CUMBERLAND. 219 season at the early part of the campaign, were obstacles which called into play all the energies of the medical officers of the corps, and of the officers of the ambulance corps. Too much praise cannot be given these officers for their untiring zeal and hearty co-operation. The ambulance corps was not organized until after the campaign had commenced, consequently many and serious obstacles had to be overcome; but notwithstanding the many unavoidable drawbacks this corps proved efficient, and at the present time promises still greater efficiency. Early in July forty-nine new ambulances were drawn, by~ order of the medical director of the department, which filled a deficiency which had existed from the commencement of the campaign. - Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. THEO. HEARD, Surgeon, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director. Surg. GEORGE E. COOPER, U. S. Army, Medical Director, Department of the Gumberi and. No. 14. Report of Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations May 3July 26. HDQRS. FIRST DIvIsION, FOURTH ARMY CORPS, 1864. I have the honor to state that at 12 m. on the 3d day of May the First Division, under my command, marched from its camp at Blue Springs, under orders to move to Catoosa Springs. The division took the main road to Dalton, and encamped the same night one mile south of Red Clay. Marching early the next morning, we reached Catoosa Springs at noon, near Dr. Lees house. General McCooks cavalry, which was in advance of the infantry, exohanged shots with the rebel pickets, who ran away in the direction of Tunnel Hill. We remained in camp the 5th and 6th, and on the morning of the 7th marched for Tunnel Hill, this division leading. After passing Dr. Lees house the main road leading down the base of Rocky Face was taken. Skirmishers were deployed, and the enemys skirmishers were soon encountered. We found the road obstructed by fallen trees, but all difficulties were soon overcome, and we soon found ourselves in sight of the eiiemys intrenchments upon Tunnel Hill. As the force of the enemy was entirely uncertain, Brigadier-General Cruft, with the First Brigade, was directed to attack the line in front, and Brig. Gen. W. C. Whitaker, with the Second Brigade, was sent to move down the ridge near Rocky Face and attack in flank. This move- ment at once dislodged the rebels, who seemed to have only cavalry and artillery. Captain Simonson, chief of artillery, who promptly brought forward a section of rifled gnus of the Fifth lndiana Bat- tery, had a few fine shots at the retiring cavalry, and hurried their p ace. The division was formed in line of battle facing east, having before us Rocky Face, the summit of which we could observe occu- pied by the enemy in quite strong force. In getting possession of Tunnel Hill the division lost 4 men wdunded Page 220 220 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Early on the morning of the 8th the division advanced in line of battle to within 400 or 500 .yards of Rocky Face. The enemy still held some round hills intrenched at the entrance of Buzzard Roost Gap, from which they annoyed the division by a flank fire. Tn the afternoon General Davis formed a force to charge these hills, and Captain Simonson turning his batteries upon them they very easily fell into our hands. The skirmishers of this division advanced with those of General Davis division, driving the rebels into their in- trenchinents and developing the full strength of the position before us. Earl{ the next morning our skirmishers pushed up to the foot of the pa isades under cover of the brushwood, and maintained a constant fire with the enemy all day. In the evening I received orders to press the enemy stroiigly in the gorge of Bnzzard Roost. This duty was assigiied Colonel Champion with his own regiment (the Ninety-sixth Illinois) and Eighty-fourth Indiana, Lieutenant- Colonel Neff. Our men drove the rebels quickly to their main lines, and pushed up to the foot of the perpendicular rocks of the moun- tain and maintained themselves until night, when all but the pickets were withdrawn. The fire of the enemy was severe, much of it com- ing almost from overhead. Our loss in this affair was 50 or 60 men killed and wounded. Major Boyd, Eighty-fourth Indiana, a brave and devoted officer, here received a mortal wound. During the 10th we occupied our positioii, slight skirmishing going on. The enemy varied the performance by throwing shells into the valley we occupied from some howitzers they had dragged to the top of the ridge. On the morning of the 11th we made arrangements to relieve General Davis division in the occupancy of the hills commanding the entrance to Buzzard Roost Gap. It being reported that the enemy was leaving, a reconnaissance was ordered toward evening. This was made by the First Brigade, Brigadier-General Cruft com- manding. The Thirty-first Indiana and One hundred and first Ohio were deployed as skirmishers, and pushing boldly forward drove the enemy from his first line (an intrenched picket-line), but were met by a heavy fire of musketry and artillery. Our men maintaiiied their position until dark, and during the night, having relieved Gen- eral Davis troops, we threw up works facing those of the enemy. and about 600 yards from them. This reconnaissance cost us, as upon the 9th, about 50 men killed and wounded. During the 12th we watched the enemy closely, the Fourth being the only corps before Dalton. Early on the morning of the 13th we learned the rebels had left their works. FROM THE EVACUATION BY THE ENEMY OF DALTON TO THE EVACU- ATION OF RESACA. As soon as the evacuation of his works by the enemy was known, we started in pursuit. Passing through Dalton we moved down the Sugar Valley road. The enemy left but little behind him but his well-built earth-works. A few cavalry opposed oUr progress. We camped at night about nine miles south of Dalton, camping in line of battle, facing toward Tilton, our backs to Rocky Face. On the morning of the 14th the division marched toward Tilton, to ascer- tain if any of the enemy remained in that direction. Upon reaching the main Dalton and Resaca road I received orders to move south toward Resaca, this division being the only one on that road and forming the left flank of the army. The division advanced to withi Page 221 CHAP. L.) REPORTS, ETC.-ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 221 about two and a half miles of Resaca, driving in the skirmishei~s of the enemy; but as Woods division, on our right, had not yet come up, and as firing was heard in rear of our right, the division was halted and directed to barricade. At 2 p. m. Wood advanced and made connection with the right of this division, and we advanced together until stopped by the heavy fire of artillery coming from the enemys works. I received about this time an order from the general commanding the corps to hold the Dalton road running by my left flank. To do this I stationed Crufts brigade upon the left of the road, posting two of his regiments upon a round-topped hill about 100 yards from the road, and directing them to intrench themselves. These troops were not yet in position when the enemy was seen forming to attack them in flank, and word was at once sent the corps and department commanders of this fact. In the mean time Simon- sons battery, which had been advanced, was, as a matter of caution, withdrawn and posted to sweep the open ground to the rear of the threatened brigade. The attack came about an hour before sun- down, and perpendicular to my line. The Thirty-first Indiana, sta- tioned upon the round-topped hill, found itself fired into from three directions. They did the best they could under the circumstances; they got out of the way with such order as troops can hurrying through a thick brush. Directing their attack more to our rear than flank, the One hundred and first Ohio and Eighty-first Indiana were soon driven back, and the enemy was bursting exultingly upon the open field when Simonson opened on them with canister, which soon broke and dispersed that attack. The enemy formed in the woods and attempted to cross the open field again, but met the same savage shower of canister. Robinsons brigade, of the Twentieth Corps, had also arrived and formed facing the attack. The broken regiments of the First Brigade had reformed near the battery, and the enemy was easily repulsed with very severe loss to him. The troops of the brigade did as well as could be expected, situated as they were. Attacked in flank, and greatly outnumbered, they could only get out of the way the best they could. Had it not been for the timely aid of the battery it would have gone hard with the brigade. Captain Simonson and the Fifth Indiana Battery deserve great praise; their conduct was splendid. The coming up of the Twentieth Corps was also timely, though, in my opinion, the fire of the battery was in itself adequate to the successful repulse of the enemy. The night and the day following our lines were adjusted and strength- ened, and a constant fird was kept up upon the ener~y. The division was formed ready to follow up General Hookers attack had he broken the enemys line. Artillery firing was kept up during the night upon the rebel position. About 11 oclock the rebels made a demonstration on our pickets, occasioning a general discharge of cannon and muskets along the whole line. Soon after, early on the morning of the 16th, it was found the enemy had evacuated under cover of the night. The loss of the division about Resaca, killed, wounded, and missing, amounted to 200. FROM THE EVACUATION OF RESACA TO THE EVACUATION OF THE LINE OF THE ETOWAH. Early on the morning of the 16th the pursuit was commenced. Finding the bridges at Resaca destroyed, this division built a tem- porary foot bridge upon the ruins of the railroad bridge over th Page 222 222 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L Oosteuaula and pushed on the same evening, camping near Calhoun. On the 17th marched in rear of Newtons division and formed line on his left at 5 p. in., three miles north of Adairsville, where the enemy had made a stand. This division was not engaged. On the 18th passed through Adairsville, getting considerably entangled with the Army of the Tennessee; camped at Coxs house. Ear y ou the morning of the 19th the division took up the line of march for Kingston. The cavalry pickets of the enemy were soon encountered and driven before us through Kingston. We found them posted in considerable force upon the hills east of Kingston beyond the cross- ing of the creek. Crufts and Whitakers brigades were formed in line facing the enemy, and Colonel Grose was instructed to feel his way down to the lef of the railroad and drive hini from his posi- tion. This was readily accomplished after some severe skirmishing. The enemy upon the main Cassville road gave back very stubbornly, and at a point about three miles from Cassville the enemy was dis- covered, formed in three lines of battle perpendicular to the road, and very soon after the appearance of the head of the column the entire rebel line advanced toward us. The division was deployed as hastily as possible; batteries were put in position, and other troops were coming up to form upon the flanks of the division, when the enemy was seen to be withdrawing. Some volleys from the rifled batteries caused them to move off in a good deal of confusion, and the whole division advanced in line to the rebel position. Finding the enemy had left, the division moved on in accordance with orders, with a view of reaching Cassville. When within about a mile of that place and while changing the direction of the skirmishers, the head of the column received a sudden volley from the enemy across an open field. The division was again deployed, and as night had arrived, the men were instructed to fortify their position. Very sharp skirmishing was kept up the early part of the night, and early in the morning we found the enemy had again abandoned his works and retired across the Etowah. FROM THE CROSSING OF THE ETOWAH TO THE CROSSING OF THE CHATTAHOOCELEE. From the evening of the 19th to the morning of the 23d we re- mained in camp at Cassville preparing for our movement upon Dallas and thence Marietta. The order was to take twenty days rations, but this.division was only enabled, from limited transpor- tation, to carry seventeen days. The division crossed the Etowah the evening of the 23d and camped near Euharlee. Made a tedious days march on the 24th, reaching camp two miles from Burnt Hickory at 10 oclock at night in a rain-storm. On the 25th we marched for Dallas, keeping the roads to the right of the main road. At 3 p. m. were ordered to close up rapidly, as General Hooker had found the enemy in force. We crossed the Pumpkin Vine near sunset, and at night closed up to Hookers left. On the 26th Colonel Groses brigade went into line on the left of Gearys division. We also put in a battery to play upon the enemys lines. Early on the 27th moved the division to the left to relieve Woods division, which moved off to the left to attempt to turn the enemys right. The position of the division here remained substantially the same until the night of the 4th of June, during which the enemy evacuated his line Page 223 O~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERIAND. 223 Crufts brigade was started back to Kingston as escort to the wagon train of the corps on the 30th. On the night of the 3d of June we relieved half of Davis front on the left of this division. Our time was constautly employed, whilst in this position, in push- ing out works, by successive advances, close to the enemy; and a constant fire of musketry and artillery. was kept up whenever we could annoy the enemy. The 5th we lay in camp near New Hope Church. On the 6th the division moved on the Acworth road to the vicinity of Morris Hill Chapel. The division remained in posi- tion at Morris Hill until the morning of the 10th, when, moving through the lines of the Twentieth Corps, on the Marietta road, we soon struck the pickets of the enemy. Pushing forward, the enemy was found in force, with an intrenched line extending across the summit of Pine Top Mountain. The division was formed facing this line of the enemy and intrenched in full view and under easy cannon-range of them. This position we maintained with some modifications until the morning of the 15th. On the 14th theosi- tion of the entimy was sharply cannonaded by all our batteries, and, as we. learned subsequently, the second shot fired from a rifled sec- tion of the Fifth Indiana Battery exploded in a group of rebel gen- erals, killing Lieut. Gen. Leonidas Polk. Early the morning of the 15th it was found the enemy had abandoned his work on Pine Top. The position was at once occupied by our skirmishers, and it was learned that Pine Top was an advanced work, the main rebel line being in the rear and connecting Kenesaw and Lost Mountains. Shortly after noon the division was formed in column of attack, fol- lowing the Second Division, but the general commanding the corps having decided an attack inipracticable at the point the head of the column struck the rebel line, this division fornied in line and intrenched opposite to the rebel position. On the 16th the line was advanced under severe fire. A heavy cannonade was kept up upon the rebel position all day. While laying out a position for a battery this day Capt. Peter Simonson, Fifth Indiana Battery, chief of artil- lery, was instantly killed by a sharpshooter. This was an irrepa- rable loss to the division. I have not in my military experience met with an officer who was the equal of this one in energy, efficiency, and ingenuity in the handling of artillery. He never missed an opportunity and allowed no difficulties to deter him from putting in his batteries in every position that he could prove annoying or de- structive to the enemy. On the morning of the 17th it was found the enemy had again evacuated his line, and we advanced to find that he had abandoned his hold on Lost Mountain with his left. Again we had the & xperience of feeling for the position of the rebels and found him, as usual, strongly intrenched on one of the small branches of Noyes Creek. On the 18th the rain poured in torrents. Kirbys brigade was sent to support General Newtons division, which engaged the enemys lines closely all day. This night the enemy again abandoned his line, and on the 19th we mo~ed forward and found him in his intrenched line of Kenesaw Mountain. Our lines were pushed up close to the rebel position and intrenched during the night, Groses brigade on the left, Whitakers in the center, and Kirbys on the right. These positions were gained after severe skirmishing. During the 20th we strengthened our position, and at 4 p. m. we made a demonstration with a strong line of skirmishers on our whole line. Colonel Price. in command of General Whitakers skirmishers, gallantly charged the hill in hi Page 224 224 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. front and took it, with a number of prisoners. General Whitakers main line was ordered to be established on the picket-line captured from the enemy. The pioneers had only time to throw 4 a few rails when the enemy advanced in strong force to repossess their line. Our men at once stood to arms and after a sharp contest repulsed them. At snndoWn the enemy repeated his attempt and was again severely repulsed. Not satisfied, about 8 oclock at night, they made another determined attack, carrying a part of our line occupied by the Thirty-fifth Indiana. Th~ good behavior of the Ninety-ninth Ohio, which coolly formed a flank and poured a fire into the rebel force which had broken our line, saved the brigade. The Fprtieth Ohio was brougtt up and charged the rebel force which had broken through, restoring our lines. This affair, which was a very severe fight, reflects great credit upon Whitakers brigade. The men fought with great cool- nes and resolution. The loss in the brigade was quite severeS field officers were killed, wounded, and missing, and the loss in the affair amounted to 250 men. Colonel Kirbys brigade carried the bald hill in his front, but the enemy rallied and drove him back. This occurred three times, when, night having arrived, I directed the contest to stop. On the morning of the 21st Colonel Kirby was ordered to retake the hill for which he contended the day before. As General Woods division moved forward at the same time, this was soon accomplished with slight loss. During the 22d the division remained in position excepting five regiments of Colonel Grose 5 brigade, which marched to the right to relieve part of Butterfields division. At night General Kings division, of the Fourteenth Corps, relieved us, and we in turn relieved Butterfields division by day- light in the morning. We occupied the daj~ strengthening our posi- tion, and about 5 p. m. formed a strong pic et-line and charged that, of the enemy, capturing about 40 of them. Shortly afterward the enemy made a counter-charge, and outfianking the skirmishers of Whitakers brigade, forced them back. Our loss in the affair was about 60 men. During the 24th, 25th, and 26th our lines were a lit- tle advanced and improved. Our position was in easy musket-range of the enemy. On the morning of the 27th, it having been deter- mined to attack the enemy from the front of the First Division, this division was selected as the support of the assaulting columns of the Second Division, which was selected to lead in the assault. Whit- akers and Kirbys brigades were formed in columns of regiments, Groses brigade to hold the line of breast-works was deployed. From the failure of the assault the troops of this division were not engaged, Kirbys brigade only passing out of the works, and yet so severe was the fire of the enemy that the division lost over 100 men killed and wounded while waiting the movement of the Second Division. Captain McDowell, Company B, Independent Pennsylvania Battery, my second. chief of artillery, a most excellent and accomplished young officer, was killed while superintending his batteries just be- fore the assault. From this date until the night of the 2d of July we merely main- tained our lines, very little firing, even between pickets, occurring. On the night of the 2d of July the lines of the First Division were extended, relieving all of General Newtons division. Early the morning of the 3d, finding the enemy gone, the division followed their trail, leading through Marietta and taking the road east of the railroad leading to Paces Ferry. This division was in the lead and had some little skirmishing, and in the evening came again upon th Page 225 C~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 225 enemy intrenched at Ruffs Station. Groses brigade alone was deployed, and severe skirmishing was kept up during the evening. About 11 oclock on the 4th, the general commanding the division having expressed a doubt of there being an enemy in force in front of us, orders were given to feel the position strongly. To this end a strong skirmish line, well supported, was deployed, and advanced at charge step over the open corn-field against the enemys rifle-pits, which were plainly visible aud very strong. Colonel Groses skir- mishers having the least distance to move to strike the enemy, at once came under a most galling fire. The day being very hot the men dropped down to gain breath, after making half the distance; but as soon as a little rested they were rallied by the brave Captain Hale, Seventy-fifth Illinois Infantry, commanding the skirmish line, and dashing forward broke the rebel line and at once occupied their pits. The main lines of the division were moved up at once and established themselves on the late rebel picket-line under the severest and most continued cannonade the rebels had ever used upon us. I regret to add that the gallant Captain Hale, who was the life ofthis gallant charge, was killed during the afternoon. The rebel skirmish line which was dislodged was almost a full line of battle, and the charge upon them over open ground was very creditable to the troops en- gaged, who were details from most of the regiments of the division. Our loss in this affair was 100 men killed and wounded. We took 50 of the enemy prisoners. This same night the enemy abandoned his line and withdrew to the river, and on the 5th the division fol- lowed in rear of the corps on the railroad and took position on the Chattahoochee, above Paces Ferry. From the 5th until the 10th we remained resting in camp, occasionally shelling the rebels across the river and picketing the river and islands. On the 10th the division moved up to Soap Creek, and bivouacked near the pontoon bridges, thrown across by General Schofield. FROM THE CROSSING OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE TO THE SIEGE OF ATLANTA. On the morning of the 12th the division crossed on the pontoon bridge laid for the Army of the Ohio, and moving down the river, occupied and fortified a prominent ridge covering Powers Ferry. The rest of the corps having crossed and taken up position, the 14th, 15th and 16th were occupied in building a bridge over the Chattahoochee. This was well done by Major Watson, Seventy-fifth Illinois, with the pioneers and Thirty-sixth Indiana Infantry. On the morning of the 18th we marched for Atlanta, following Newtons division and marching by way of Buck Head. We encamped at Buck Head that night, and next morning sent a regiment on a recon- naissance to Peach Tree Creek. Finding but little resistance the division was crossed over the north fork of Peach Tree, on bridges rebuilt by us, and encamped in line facing Atlanta. Early on the morning of the 20th we marched on the Decatur road to the match factory, where, turning to the right, we crossed the south fork of Peach Tree. Rebftilding the bridge burnt by the enemy, and driv- ing his skirmishers back, we forced him from his intrenched skir- mish line and back to his main line, near Wrights house. The enemy made an effort in the afternoon to retake his picket-line but was badly repulsed and late in the evening Colonel Suman, Ninth Indiana, of Groses brigade, charged their picket-line, farther to our right, and took 43 prisoners without losing a man. 15 R RYOL XXxvIII, PT Page 226 226 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Cm. L. During the 21st we improved our line, skirmishing with the rebels all day. Captain Snodgrass, Fortieth Ohio, was killed. The enemy evacuated his line during the night, and early in the morning, Col- onel Groses brigade leading, we followed and soon came upon the enemy again in force in their intrenchments of Atlanta. The en- tire division was deplofed, and advanced under a very annoying artillery fire to the nearest point we could occupy without driving the enemy from his lines, and breast-works were thrown up to shel- ter the men from the enemys shells. This same day the rebels at- tacked, the Army of the Tennessee heavily upon the left, but made no demonstration upon our position. From this until the night of the 26th the division was engaged in strengthening our position and especially in constructing a strong abatis, as it was probable that the division would be required to hold a very long line, in consequence of the withdrawal of troops toward our right. On the 26th Colonels Taylors and Kirbys brigades were sent to occupy the reverse line, to the left of the Twenty-third Army Corps. On the same evening the command of the Fourth Army Corps was transferred to me, and my connection with the First Di- vision as commander ceased. I have thus imperfectly traced out the marches, fights, and labors of the division. It would be difficult to give a description which would adequately show the services rendered for nearly three months. But few days had passed that every man of the division was not under fire, both of artillery and musketry. No one could say any hour that he would be living the next. Men were killed in their camps, at their meals, and several cases happened of men struck by musket-balls in their sleep, and passing at once from sleep into eternity. So many men were daily struck in the camp and trenches that men became utterly reckless, passing about where balls were striking as though it was their normal life, and making a joke of a narrow escape, or a noisy whistling ball. We lost many valuable officers. Colonel Price, Twenty-first Ken- tucky, Colonel Champion and Lieutenant-Colonel Smith, Ninety- sixth Illinois, were all severely wounded in the fight of Whitakers brigade on the 20th of June. MajDr Dufficy, Thirty-fifth Indiana, a gallant and daring officer, was mortally wounded, and Lieutenant- Colonel Watson, Fortieth Ohio, captured in the same affair. Lieu- tenant-Colonel Neff, Thirty-first Indiana, a most excellent officer, was killed by one of those chance bullets so destructive to us during our occupation of the trenches in front of Kenesaw Mountain. To mention all the officers deserving of special notice for zeal and good conduct imthis long and arduous campaign, would require the naming of the great majority of the officers of the division. Col. William Grose, Thirty-sixth Indiana Volunteers, since pro- moted to brigadier-general, was particularly distinguished for con- stant activity and zeal in carrying out all the measures adopted for pushing the enemy. Colonel Kirby, One hundred and first Ohio, commanded the First Brigade with great success, and proved a most energetic and efficient commander. He succeeded General Cruft in the command of the brigade after the battle of New Hope Church. General W. C. Whitaker very ably managed his brigade, and deserves well of the Government. He was compelled to leave, from sickness, after the assault of Kenesaw Mountain. The brigade (the Second) h~s since been well managed by Col. J. E. Taylor, For Page 227 C~. L.) REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 227 tieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Both Colonels Kirby and Taylor well deserve, and have honestly earned, promotion. I must also mak6 honorable mention of the two batteries under my command, Capt. A. Morrison, Fifth Indiana, and Capt. Jacob Ziegler, Battery B, Independent Pennsylvania. They rendered ex. cellent service daily, and always courted exposed positions, never slackening fire, however much exposed, either to the artillery or musketry of the enemy. I desire also to call favorable attention to my staff, who served me most cheerfully and efficiently, and relieved me of much care and labor during the campaign. Major Sinclair, assistant adju- taut-general; Major Fairbanks, Thirty-first Indiana Volunteers, in- spector, and who was untiring. in his care of the picket-line; Capt. J. D. Moxley, Capt. W. H. Greenwood and Lieut. L. L. Taylor, aides-de-camp; Lieutenant Croxton, Fifty-first Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, ordnance officer, who always kept his ammunition just where it was needed; Surgeon Brumley, U. S. Volunteers, who provided most fully for the comfort of our wounded, and Captain Hopkins, assistant quartermaster, and Captain Kniffin, commissary of sub- sistence, all deserve well of the Governmeiit. I have previously mentioned the death of two of my chiefs of artillery, Captains Simonson and McDowell. The place was well and ably filled b~V Captain Thomasson, First Kentucky Battery. Capt. J. W. Steele, Forty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, topo- graphical engineer, i~endered good and efficient service, and Captain Greenwood, besides his duty as aide-de-camp, found time to make many of the most accurate maps we possess of the various positions occupied by the army. Appended is a tabular monthly statement of the casualties of the divi~ion from the 1st of May to the 31st of July, 1864. All of which is respectfully submitted. D. S. STANLEY, Major-General, Commanding First Division. Col. J. S. FULLERTON, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Inclosure.] Consolidated report of casualties of the First Division, Fourth Army CQrp8, for the mouths of May, June, and July, 1864. Killed, wounded. a a a .- a a a a 0 Z~H 0 ~ H 1 9 10 2 82 84 26 26 4 120 124 1 28 29 11 147 158 1 28 29 12 169 181 6 66 72 19 276 29.5 3 42 45 8 189 197 1 4 5 1 27 28 1 7 8 36 36 1 7 8 9 112 121 217 232 ATLANTA, GA., September , 1864. a a 0 2 3 Missing. Total. ~i1 ~ .~ ~ ~ l~ ~ ~ H 0 ~ 11 11 3 102 13 13 4 159 12 175 2 2 13 199 47 49 27 389 3 3 11 234 2 31 1 43 11 121 84 1,453 66 1,158 1,224 78 81 D. S. STANLEY, Major- General, Commanding. command. May: First Brigade Second Brigade Third Brigade June: First Brigade Second Brigade Third Brigade July: First Brigade Second Brigade Third Brigade Total is a 5) bi~ 105 163 187 212 416 245 33 44 132 1, 53 Page 228 228 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. No. 15. Report of Brig. Gem. Nathan Kimball, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operoitions August 4September 8. HDQRS. FIRST DIvIsIoN, FOURTH ARMY CORPS, Atlanta, Ga., September 15, 1864. SIR: In obedience to Special Field Orders, No, 212, extract VII, dated headquarters Department of the Cumberland, August 3, 1864, I assumed command of this division on the day following that on which the order was issued, the division being then in position near the Howard house, about two miles northeasterly from Atlanta, on the left of the corps. Not having yet received the reports of the brigade commanders, I have not sufficient data from which to compile a history of the divis- ion during this campaign previous, to that date, and shall, therefore, in this report speak only of its actions since I became its commander. On the 5th I was ordered by you to make a reconnaissance, which I did, demonstrating mean time with my whole picket-line, but did not succeed in developing any new facts in relation to the enemys position. On the morning of the 6th the enemy appeared very ac- tive in my front and to my left, and during the forenoon made an attempt to press back the left of my picket-line, at the same time shelling my main line from his~ forts and batteries, within easy range, but this movement was repulsed without harm to the divis- ion by either the enemys skirmishers or artillery. During the day a demonstration was made by us upon his picket, but no tangible benefits resulted from it. From the 7th to the 12th the division remained quietly in its position, skirmishing with and watching the enemy without any incident of note, except that at 10 a. m. the 9th, fifty rounds were fired into Atlanta from each of the batteries in my line. The First Brigade, Colonel Opdycke, of the Second Division, General Newton, being in position on my left, and separated from its divis- ion, had been ordered to report to me for orders, and on the 12th was sent out to develop the enemys lines toward our extreme left, and fQund the enemys pickets posted and watchful, as far as he went in that direction. Some ~h arp skirmishing took place, and Colonel Opdycke returned to his old position with his brigade, with the loss of 1 man killed. During the night of the 12th and before day the 13th the enemy was unusually active in my front, and at daybreak it was discov- ered that as many as three new regiments had been added to his lines in that quarter, and placed in position. During the day two regiments of troops from Woods division reported to me for duty, and were posted on our extreme left, beyondthe position occupied by the cavalry. On the 15th General Garrard, with the cavalry, was withdrawn from the line, and left it necessary for me to picket with my command my front and our left flank. Nothing of importance occurred until the 18th, when, by your order, a strong demonstra- tion was made by me at an early hour in the morning. The enemy answered with artillery, doing, however, no damage. The Twenty- first Illinois Infantry, of the First Brigade (Colonel Kirby), lost 5 men captured on the skirmish line. Nothing new was developed in relation to the enemy. On the morning of the 19th I was or- dered by him to make a reconnaissance down the Augusta roa Page 229 Cnii~. Is.] RJ~PORTS, ETC.ARMY OF TIlE CUM]3ERLAND. 229 toward tne enemys line, and sending out the First Brigade (Col- onel Kirby) at 3 a. in., drove the enemy back, with sharp skirmish- ing, to their main line of works. After coming within close rifle range of the enemys intrenchments Colonel Kirby retired, and re- turned to his position. A noble and worthy officer, Captain Rains, of the Ninetieth Ohio, was killed. No others injured. On the 20th, at 3 oclock, I sent the Third Brigade (General Grose) on a recon- naissance to the left of railroad to develop, if possible, the position of the enemys extreme right. Deploying skirmishers, and sending them forward, at daylight the enemys pickets were met and driven down the road and into his works, 8 of them falling into our hands. By this movement it was found that the enemys right flank was guarded by Morgans brigade, of Georgia State Mounted Militia, and Strahls infantry brigade, backed by artillery in good works. Nothing unusual occurred until the 25th, when the order to march was received, and at night-fall my division withdrew from their posi- tion and marched to Proctors Creek where it bivouacked at 1 a. m. the 26th, and remained until 8 oclock, the rebels shelling my lines from their works on the northwest side of Atlanta but injuring no one. While my pickets were preparing to withdraw, as the march was commenced that morning, the enemy charged them with a strong line of skirmishers, but they were handsomely repulsed and driven back with a loss to them of 4 killed and 2 captured, and with no loss to me; the lines were then withdrawn without further moles- tation from him. The command bivouacked that evening on the south side and near Utoy Creek. On the 27th the division was marched to Mount Gilead Church, near Caiiip Creek, and intrenched the position, in which it remained during the night. On the 28th the division marched to near the West Point and Atlanta Railroad at Red Oak Station, and took up a position, which was fortified. On the 29th, by your order, I sent the Second Brigade (Colonel Taylor) to destroy the railroad toward Atlanta, and three regiments under Colonel Bennett, of the Seventy-fifth Illinois, toward West Point for the same purpose. The destruction of the road was performed in the most effectual manner, leaving no rail or tie which could be used for the purpose again. On the morning of the 30th my division moved to Flat Rock, and bivouacked at dark. On the 31st I moved forward, and after some sharp skirmishing drove the enemy from his works on Flint River. On the 1st day of September I moved forward by your order to the Macon railroad and assisted in the destruction of it toward Jonesborough, at which place the enemy was fortified; a sharp skirmish ensued, in which I lost about 50 in killed and wounded, and captured 3 commissioned officers and .19 men, and at night my division was placed in position with Colonel Kirby, First Brigade, on my right, Brigadier-General Grose, Third Brigade, on my left, and Colonel Taylor, Second Brigade, in reserve. Your order was given to advance upon the enemys works at day- break, but during the night he evacuated his position and fell back to Lovejoys. On the morning of the 2d the command moved to near Lovejoys, where the enemy was encountered, and my division was formed on the left of the corps, with Brigadier-General Grose on my right, Colonel Taylor on my left, and Colonel Kirby in re- serve, and advanced to within 500 yards of the enemys intrenchments N under a terrible fire of shell and canister from his guns, where a position was taken and works thrown up; in this advance I captured 30 prisoners and severely punished the enemy Page 230 2~O TIIfl AThA~TA CAMPAIGrr. [CHAP. L. My command remained in this position, skirmishing continually with both musketry and artillery, until the 5th of September, when the command was withdrawn and my division bivouacked in the~r old position near Jonesborough, and remained until the morn- ing of the 7th, when the march was taken up for Atlanta, which place was reached at noon the 8th, without any incident worthy of notice. My division was pnt in position on the easterly side of the Augusta railroad, where it is now encamped. The loss of the division sinee August 4, the date of my assuming command, is 30 killed, 241 wounded, 18 missing. Total, 289. I respectfully refer you to the reports of my subordinate officers for special mention of those entitled to favorable consideration for their conduct as soldiers during the long and arduous campaign in which the division has been engaged. But I desire to speak particu- larly of Brig. Gen. William Grose, commanding Third Brigade, and also of Col. I. M. Kirby, commanding the First Brigade, and Col. Jacob E. Taylor, commanding the Second Brigade, who have dis- tinguished themselves for their gallantry, bravery, and skill in their positions as brigade commanders, and are eminently worthy of pro- motion. To all the members of my staff I am indebted for their promptness in conveying my orders, and their faithfulness in the execution of them, and I have particularly to speak of the gallant and soldierly conduct of Maj. W. H. Fairbanks, Thirty-first Indiana Infantry, and acting assistant inspector-general of the division, as exhibited upon every occasion demanding the exercise of those qualities. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, NATHAN KIMBALL, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers. Maj. WILLIAM H. SINCLAIR, Assistant Adjutant-General, Fourth Army Corps. No. 16. Report of Cot. Isaac 31. Kirby, One hundred and first Ohio In fantry, commanding First Brigade. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., FIRST DIv., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Near Atlanta, Ga., September 11, 1864. I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this brigade during the campaign commencing May 3 and ending September 8 in the occupation of Atlanta: From May 3 to June 10 Brigadier-General Cruft commanded the brigade, and for a report during that time I am restricted to infor- mation gained from regimental reports and from my assistant ad.ju- taut-general. On the 3d day of May this brigade, composed of the Thirty-first Indiana, Eighty-first Jn(liana, Ninetieth Ohio, and One hundred and first Ohio Infantry, and detachments of the non-veter- ans of the Twenty-first and Thirty-eighth Illinois, attached to the One hundred and first Ohio, broke up camp at Ooltewah, Tenn., and, under command of Brigadier-General Cruft, marched out the road leading to Tunnel Hill, via Catoosa Springs; camped on a high ridge half a mile south of Catoosa Springs on the evening of the 4th. On the morning of the 7th the brigade, in advance of the division, move Page 231 CTIAP. t.I REPOuT8, ETC.ARMY OF THE CVMBERLAND. 231 directly on Tunnel Hill. The One hundred and first Ohio and two companies of the Eighty-first Indiana, deployed as skirmishers, soon met the enemys skirmishers and drove them steadily back till our line swung around on the base of Tunnel Hill; while lying in that position General Whitakers brigade moved down on the crest of the ridge and occupied the enemys works on the hill. That night the brigade encamped on the hill. May 8, moved forward to the rail~ road and lay in line of battle. May 9, brigade moved forward a short distance; skirmishers briskly engaged during the day. May 10, occupied same position. May 11, this p. m. brigade ordered on a reconnaissance in the gorge at Rocky Face. One hundred and first Ohio, Thirty-first Indiana, and a portion of the Ninetieth Ohio de- ployed as skirmishers. Eighty-first Indiana, supporting the right of the One hundred and first Ohio, pressed forward and drove the enemy from his detached works to his main line, and withdrew un- der cover of night. May 12, moved to the right to a position occu- pied by a brigade of General Davis division, and intrenched. May 13, the enemy having evacuated his position, the brigade, in the division column, marched through Dalton and bivouacked on the road leading to Resaca. May 14, marched on in pursuit of the enemy; soon met his skirmishers; deployed the One hundred and first Ohio and drove his skirmishers back to his line on the hills near Resaca. The brigade was then formed for action, and, with the Fifth Indiana Battery, moved forward on the Resaca road beyond the junction of the Tilton road, and became hotly engaged . Owing to the extent of country to be observed by so small a force, the brigade was necessarily posted in detached positions. The enemy sweeping down on us in overwhelming force and pressing a heavy body eu~ tirely past our left flank, compelled the brigade to fall back in con- fusion. The Fifth Indiana Battery, having been fortunately Xosted in rear of the lines, checked the enemys farther advance an pun- ished him severely. Just at night-fall the brigade was rallied, re- formed, and moved to a position in rear of Colonel (now General) Groses brigade, where it remained till the evacuation of the works at Resaca the morning of the 16th. Moved forward that day in pursuit. Came up with the enemy on the evening of the 17th near Adairsville; formed line of battle and advanced skirmishers; light skirmishing until dark. During the night the enemy withdrew. Moved forward on the morning of the 18th; found the enemy near Kingston; deployed the One hundred and first Ohio and Eighty-first Indiana. Heavy skirmishing ensued, driving the enemy about one and a half miles. Formed a line of battle and moved forward, the enemy withdrawing; camped near Cassville. May 23, 3 p. in., marched with the division via Burnt Hickory, across Pumpkin Vine Creek, to a position near Dallas. Lay in reserve at Dallas till the morning of May 30, when the brigade was ordered to accompany a supply train to Kingston. The Twenty-first Illinois returned from veteran furlough, joined the brigade at Kingston June 4. Rejoined the division near Acworth June 7. June 9, Thirty-eighth Illinois joiiied the brigade, having returned from veteran furlough. On the morning of June 10 General Cruft was ordered to Chattanooga on account of severe sickness, and I had the honor to assume command. Moved out on the Burnt Hickory and Marietta road in advance of the division, deployed the Twenty-first Illinois and Thirty-first Indi- ana as skirmishers; the line soon became engaged with the enemys skirmishers; drove them back nearly a half mile. The line was her Page 232 232 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHIP. L. halted and column deployed into position and slight barricades con- structed. June 11, line was reli~ved by portions of Colonel (now General) Groses and General Whitakers brigades, and my com- mand, by order of General Stanley, moved to the left of General Grose, relieving General Morgans brigade, of the Fourteenth Army Corps, and formed in two lines, three battalions front. Just before dusk commenced movement to occupy position 400 or 500 yards far- ther to the front; completed movement under cover of night. Dur- ing the night my position was strongly intrenched. June 12, light skirmishing all day. Advanced the skirmish line about fifty yards; considerable firing on the skirmish line all night. June 13 and 14, light skirmishing. June 15, at early dawn skirmish line advanced one-half mile without finding an enemy; took 6 prisoners. By order of Major-General Stanley brigade advanced three-fourths of a miles 2 p. m. formed in double column, three battalions front. S p. m. advanced to the front and right, deployed in position on the right of General Grose; advanced strong line of skirmishers under a brisk fire. June 16, skirmishers briskly engaged the entire day. During the day the Thirty-first Indiana and part of the Ninetieth Ohio in- trenched on the skirmish line in an open field and immediately under the enemys guns, performing their work gallantly. The Ninetieth and One hundred and first Ohio completed the line in the early part of the night. June 17,3 a. in., advanced skirmishers to the enemys works, and found them evacuated. During the morning advanced the brigade one and one-half miles, to a commanding position, and on the right of General Grose. Was relieved in the afternoon by General Beattys brigade, and moved to the left in position, support- ing the right brigade of General Newtons division. June 18, ad- vanced one-half mile, supporting same brigade of General Newtons. 4 p. m. moved to position in front line farther to the right and join- ing the left of General Woods division. June 19, moved to the right and relieved a brigade belonging to the Twentieth Army Corps. June 20, advanced a strong skirmish line to seize a high hill held by the enemy in m~ front. Succeeded under a heavy artillery and musketry fire in gaining the hill, but the enemy immediately moved a strong line of battle (under cover of a well- directed artillery fire) against me, and my flanks not being suf- ficiently protected, my men were driven back. June 21, moved the brigade against the hill that I failed to hold on the 20th, the Thirty- first Indiana deployed as skirmishers, Ninetieth Ohio supporting, all of the pioneers of the brigade following closely. These regiments carried the hill gallantly and were followed immediately by the bal- ance of the brigade, going rapidly into position previously indicated. The enemy opened a heavy artillery fire on us, but our pioneers suc- ceeded so soon in erecting good works on the crest of the hill, that his artillery fire did comparatively little damage. My pioneers par- ticularly deserve my thanks, and won my admiration on this occa- sion for their almost superhuman efforts, and great gallantry dis- played. June 22, occupied the same position; the enemy kept upa constant and heavy skirmish fire on us, and at times during the day opened a very heavy artillery fire. June 23, at 3 a. m. was relieved by Colonel Scribuers brigade, Fourteenth Army Corps, and moved to the right about one mile, and relieved portions of Generals Harkers and Kimballs brigades. June 24, advanced skirmish line (Eighty- first Indiana) and seized a ridge occupied by the enemys skirmishers. One hundred and first Ohio and Twenty-first Illinois moved closel Page 233 CHAP. Li REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 233 in support of skirmish line, and with assistance of pioneers soon had good works on the ridge. The Ninetieth Ohio was then moved up and completed the line. The enemy resisted this advance stubbornly and continued to annoy us very much dnring the night. My regi- ments engaged performed their work in an admirable manner. June 25 and 26, occupied the same position, subjected to an annoy- ing fire from the enemy. June 27, at 8 a. m. formed in column, regimental front, supporting in echelon. General Kimballs brigade formed for assault. The assault proving unsuccessful, was with- drawn an4 placed in same position occupied before. June 28, 29, and 30, occupied same position. July 1, in same position, with heavy skirmish and artillery firing. July 2, late p. m. moved to the left and relieved ~a portion of General Newtons line. July 3, enemy evacuated, brigade marched via Marietta, and bivouacked in front of enemy, in rear of General Groses brigade, five miles south of Marietta. July 4, went into position on left of General Grose, pushed forward a strong skirmish line and advanced line of battle; took enemys skirmish pits and intrenched during the evening. July 5, enemy evacuated, brigade marched to the Chattahoochee River. July 6, 7, 8, and 9, occupied same position. July 10, at 10 a. m. marched on road leading up the river, camped within one mile of pontoon crossing., July 11, occupied same position. July 12, crossed the river and went into position on high bluff one mile below crossing. July 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, occupied same position. July 18, brigade marched out Atlanta road at 5 a. in., following General Newtons division; camped near Buck Head. July 19, marched about three miles and went into position on left of division. July 20, marched in rear of division, crossed south fork Peach Tree Creek, and bivouacked in rear of Colonel Taylors lines. July 21, occ~ipied same position. July 22, marched in pursuit of enemy; went into position in front of enemy at 10 a. in., and advanced skirmish line. July 23, 24, 25, and 26, occupied same position, building works and skirmishing. July 27, at 9 p. m. moved to left flank of army and occupied enemys old works. July 28, 29, 30, and 31, occuDied same position. August 1, in the evening relieved one brigade 6f General Hascalls division on the front line. August 2, occupied same position. August 3, made demonstration with skirmish line; lost 8 men wounded. August 4. same position. August 5, made demon- stration with skirmish line. August 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, all quiet. August 12, advanced skirmish line 300 or 400 yards, met very little resistance, and returned to old position. August 13, 14, and 15, occupied sa~ne position. August 16, shifted position to the left, the length of the brigade. August 17 and 18, all quiet. August 19, put the brigade in position on the Augusta railroad to the left of picket-line, deployed Ninetieth Ohio, One hundred and first Ohio, and Twenty-first Illinois as skirmishers and advanced one- half mile, drove the enemys skirmishers into their rifle-pits, and withdrew. In the afternoon made similar demonstrations. August 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25, occupied same position, occasionally mak- ing a display of the troops. August 25, immediately after dark broke up camp and marched in rear of the lines to the right; crossed the Chattanooga railroad and bivouacked in some old works, Eighty-first Indiana deployed as pickets. August 26, the enemy advanced a ~strong line of skirmishers on our pickets, pushing them vigorously succeeded in driving our pickets off the ridge occupied. The Thirty-eighth Illimlois was immediately deployed as support Page 234 234 ThE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. tOHAP. L. The Eighty-first Indiana rallied and charged the enemy, driving the lines back handsomely. The brigade was then withdrawn and marched off to the right in division column, and camped at night in rear of Fourteenth Army Corps. August 27, continued march to the right, and went into position near Mount Gilead Church. August 28, continued march, and went into position near West Point rail- road. August 29, occupied same position; Thirty-first Indiana en- gaged in destroying railroad track. August 30, marched to position near Mud Creek. August 31, drove the enemys skirmishers from works on the bank if creek, and camped one mile west of Macon railroad. September 1, marched down Macon railroad, destroying track. About 3.30 p. m. became engaged with enemys skirmishers, and drove them steadily before us to their main 1i~e near Jones- borough; formed junction with Fourteenth Army Corps battle line and moved upon the enemy; became very spiritedly engaged, driv- ing the enemy into his works. Night-fall compelled us to cease our efforts. During the night intrenched. The enemy withdrew during the night. September 2, pursued the enemy through Jonesborough, coming up to him again near Lovejoys; went into position and drove his skirmishers back to his main line of works. Again night compelled cessation of work. September 3, was placed in reserve to Second and Third Brigades; occupied same position until evening of the 5th, when we withdrew and marched to present position on Augusta railroad, arriving September 8, p. m. In the early part of this arduous campaign this brigade lost by sick- ness the valuable services and directions of its proper commander, Brigadier-General Cruft. For its comparative success since then I :am indebted to the intelligent and untiring efforts of the regimental commanders. I am truly under lasting obligations to these officers for their cheerful and prompt execution of all orders, and for their indefatigable zeal aid watchfulness by day and night. To the line officers and men, more than thanks are due. They have labored and fought cheerfully and gallantly when physical en- ergies seemed taxed beyond endurance. We mourn the loss of gal- lant comrades to the number of 6 commissioned officers and 53 en- listed men killed, and sympathize with 22 commissioned officers and 343 enlisted men wounded, and 15 men missing. Lieutenant-Col- onel Neff, Thirty-first Indiana; Major Angle, Ninetieth Ohio; Capt- ain Ebersole, One hundred and first Ohio, and Captain Harris, Thirty- eighth Illinois, fell in front of Kenesaw; Captain Rains, Ninetieth Ohio, in front of Atlanta, and Lieutenant Hosmer, One hundred and first Ohio, in the dark gorge at Rocky Face. Brave; gallant, ac- complished gentlemen, whose memory their comrades will never cease to revere, and whose virtues their highest aim will be to em- ulate. I must here bear testimony of the invaluable aid rendered by the pioneer detachments of this brigade. ~They seemed to have been selected for their gallant and earnest enthusiasm in the cause. I offer my thanks to Lieutenant Petticord, One hundred and first Ohio, and Lieutenant Graham, Eighty-first Indiana, pioneer officers. To make mention of the officers and men of this brigade distin- guished for gallantry would be to make out almost a complete muster-roll, but can, without detriment to the other gallant men, call attention to Captain Sutphen, Ninetieth Ohio; Captain Latimer, One hundred and first Ohio; Lieutenant Ford, Thirty-first Indiana, as officers deserving more than thanks Page 235 CHAP. Li REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLA ND. 235 To all the members of my staff I am under obligations for the prompt an(l energetic manner in which they have discharged their duties. Particularly am I indebted to Lieutenant Felton, Ninetieth Ohio, aide-de-camp, and Lieutenant Stevens, Eighty-first Indiana, assistant inspector-general. Always correct in their judgment, always on the front line when there was work to do, rendering ac- tive and valuable assistance, and untiring in their efforts. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant; I. M. KIRBY, Colonel, CJrnrnanding. Capt. E. D. MASON, Asst. Adji. Gem, First Division, Fonrth Army Corps. No. 17. Report of Capt. William H Jamison, Twenty-fl rst illinois infantry, of operations June 3September 8. HDQRS. TWENTY-FIRST ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, Near Atlanta, Ga., September 11, 1364. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that the Twenty-first Illi- nois, numbering about 200 men, under command of Maj. James E. Calioway, joined~ the First Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, at Kingston, Ga., on the 3d day of June, 1864. On the 4th we marched from Kingston at 4 p. in., as guard to supply train. That evening we marched eight miles and halted at 11 p. in. at the village of Etowah, on the bank of the Euharlee Creek. On the 5th we move(l but slowly, on account of bad roads, and halted at Raccoon Creek. On the morning of the 6th we moved at 6 a. in., crossed the creek and began the asceht of Allatoona Mountain, camping near Burnt Hickory at 11 p. in., having Inarched since dark by torch- light. On the 7th we marched at sunrise, crossing Pumpkin Vine Creek at 9 a. in. On the 8th we joined the First Division, Fourth Army Corps, near Acworth, Ga., remaining until the 10th, when we moved to the front five companies, deployed as skirmishers, under command of Major Calloway. At about 1 p. in. the skirmishers became engaged with the enemy, and continued warmly engaged throughout the day, the enemy hotly contesting every foot of ground, the Twenty-first losing 2 men wounded. On the 11th we threw up light works. On the 12th did nothing. On the 13th we continued skirmishing with the enemy by details made from the regiment, the enemy being compelled to take refuge in his works located on Pine Mountain,~ a strong position almost north of Kenesaw Monntain. On the morning of the 15th it was found that the enemy had evac- uated during the night. We immediately moved forward and halted in sight of College HiM, near Marietta, Ga., at 8 a. m. We again moved at 10 a. in., and at sunset threw up light works and remained there until the morning of the 17th, when it was found there was no enemy in our front, he having evacuated under cover of darkness. We followed in line of battle until we were relieved, about 12 in., by the Third Division, Fourth Army Corps. We then moved a short distance to the left and halted for the night. On the 19th we moved at 8 a. in., and crossed a deep slough, then re- crossed and threw up some light works, our picket detail keepin Page 236 236 TILE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca& p. L. up a continued fire with the enemy at this point. One man of this regiment was wounded. On the 20th we move(l to the left and front. Our skirmishers soon became hotly engaged with the enemy, charg- ing their skirmishers, but not being properly protected on their flank were obliged to fall back, the Twenty-first losin gi man mor- tally wounded. At this point Major Calloway, with the non-vet- erans of this regiment and eight officers, left us to go to Chattanooga, Tenn., to be mustered out of service, their term having [expired], or was about to expire, leaving the regiment, now numbering 145 officers an& men for duty, under my command. On the 21st we advanced and took a position on the left of the Ninetieth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, who had taken a position on a high knoll in front of our position. In doing so this command lost 3 enlisted men, 1 mortally and 2 slightly wounded with shell. On the 22d I had 1 man slightly wounded by a musket-shot. At 3 a. m. on the 23d we moved to the right and relieved the Seventy-third Illinois Volunteers, belonging to the First Brigade, Second Division, Fourth Army Corps. At 4 p. m. we advanced our lines, under a heavy fire, and threw up works, getting 1 man mortally wounded, who died the next day. From this date until the 27th nothing was done by us except slight skirmish- ing. On the 27th we formed in line in rear of the brigade at 9 a. in., the First Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, being in sup- port of the Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, while making a charge on the enemys works Nothing of importance beside picket duty was done by us until the 3d day of July, 1864, when the enemy having left his strong position under cover of night, we moved out at 6 a. in., halting at Marietta College for a short time, then marched until 4 p. in., when we halted for the night five miles south of Marietta. On the morning of the 4th my command was ordered to support the skirmishers. We ad- vanced in easy supporting distance until we came into a large open field, which had two ravines running parallel with my line. Here the enemy greeted me with a heavy fire of shell and canister from their artillery. I deemed it prudent to move my command to the front and cause the men to lie down in the first raviiie, where they remained in comparative safety until about 3 p. in., when I was or- dered by Lieutenant Felton, aide-de-camp, to relieve the skirmish line, which I did, and remained there until after dark, when I was relieved by a detachment from the Eighty-first Indiana, having 1 enlisted man killed. On the 5th, the enemy having left our front during the night, we moved along the railroad to Vinings Station, going into camp on the left of the road fronting the river. At this p lace 1 man of this command was wounded while on picket duty. We remained in this camp until the 10th, when we nioved to the left up the river about seven miles, and halted, and remained~there until the 12th, when we crossed the Chattahoochee River, moving down the south bank and halting, and throwing up light works on a high ridge running nearly at right angles With the river, and directly in front of the Twenty-third Army Corps. We remained here until the 18th, when we marched at 6 a. in., and halted two miles from Peach Tree Creek. On the 19th moved at 3 p. in., crossed the creek, and halted for the night and threw up light works. On the 20th marched at 6 a. in., marching slowly until 4 p. in., when we marched toward Atlanta, relieving the skirmishers of the Twenty- third Army Corps by details, one of which was from my command, also throwing up heavy works. We remained here until the 26th Page 237 237 C~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLM~D. when we moved to the rear and occupied the line of works left by the enemy on the night of the 21st. On the 1st of August we moved to the front and occupied part of the works vacated by the Twenty- third Army Corps. While here I had 3 men slightly wounded by the enemys shells. We also were employed while here in picket duty. At night-fall on the 25th we moved to the rear and right, halting at 11 p. m. On the 26th marched at 10 a. in., halting at 9 p. m. On the 27th marched rapidly six miles and halted at Mount Gilead Church and threw up light works. On the 28th we marched to the Montgomery railroad and halted in a large open field, throw- hag up light works and remaining until the morning of the 30th, when we marched at 10 a. m. At night we halted and threw up light works in sight of the enemy. On the 31st we advanced about one mile and found the enemy strongly fortified in a strong position, but without artillery, and but few men. The works were occupied by our skirmishers. We halted for the night near the Macon railroad, which we reached on the morning of the 1st of September. Moving on the road south we continued to skirmish with the enemy and de- stroy the road until about 4 p. m. When near Jonesborough I was ordered to form my command on the left of the Eighty-first Indi- ana and advance, guiding by the right. After advancing some dis- tance I found the underbrush so thick as to greatly retard my progress. I then ordered them to advance by right of companies, which was done very successfully until we came to an old road run- ning almost parallel to my line. Here I halted and again formed my line and advanced about 100 yards, when the Eighty-first Indiana, which was on my right, fell back from some cause unknown to me, and I, having orders to be guided by them, deemed it prudent to fall back to the road we had just left. The movement was accomplished in good order and without any disQrganization on the p art of this regiment. After a few minutes halt the Eighty-first Indiana ad- vanced and I closed up to their left and the line halted. I then had some old logs and light wood formed into a barricade in order to save my men and hold the ground should the front line give way, which it gave symptoms of doing, the firing on our front and right flank being very heavy. After remaining here a few minutes we ad- vanced to the crest of a small ridge in our front. While lying here I was ordered by Lieutenant Stevens to advance the Twenty-first Illinois. I immediately did so, and when almost on the front line I was ordered to retire by Colonel Kirby, commanding First Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps. This movement was executed without disorder or trouble. We remained in the second line until niorning, throwing up light works during the night, the enemy in the latter part of the engagement pouring a very heavy fire of artil- lery and musketry into the thicket where we lay, but their shots were mostly too high. The enemy having retired during the night of the 1st, we advanced on the morning of the 2d and followed him until 4 p. in., when he was found strongly intrenched. This regiment was then deployed as skirmishers and placed on the left flank. We remained in this position until early day on the morning of the 3d, when we joined the brigade and remained until the 4th, when we moved to the rear about one-fourth mile. On the 5th at night-fall we moved to the rear and arrived at Jonesborough at 1 a. m. of the 6th, where we remained until the 7th, when we marched toward Atlanta, halting for the night within seven miles of the city. On the 8th we marched toward Atlanta, which we passed through at 1 Page 238 238 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L a. m. that day, and moved to our present position, about one and a half miles east of town, arriving here at 12 in., remaining here since, my loss in killed being 1; wounded, 15; captured, 5; total, 21. The condition of this command in arms is good, in clothing is fair, in discipline fair, in spirits good. I am under many obliga- tions to Colonel Kirby, commanding brigade, and his staff for their kindness and leniency to me who has occupied a position during the campaign higher than my rank would warrant. To Dr. J. L. Reat, surgeon of this regiment, I am under obligations for the kindness and care shown to the sick and wounded of this command, and-I would take this method of returning thanks to all officers and men of this command for the energy and zeal shown in our noble cause, and their promptness in obeying all and every order given theni, re- gardless of time or place. I also thank Sergt. Maj. E. Mack and my orderly, J. A. Pierce, for the promptness displayed in carrying orders while under fire. I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant, W. H. JAMISON, Capt., ~Zfomdg. 21st illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry. Capt. JOHN A. WRIGHT, A. A. G., First Brig., First Div., Fourth Army Corps. No. 18. Report of Lieut. C~ol. William T. Chapman, Thirty-eighth illinois infantry, of operations May 28-September 8. HDQR5. THIRTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS VET. VOL. INFTY., Near Atlanta, Ga., September 11, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Thirty-eighth Regiment Illinois Veteran Volun- teer Infantry in the campaign: The regiment left Chattanooga May 28, on its return to the field from veteran furlough, and reported at Rossville, by order of Gen- eral Steedman, to take charge of and escort a drove of cattle to Resaca. Arrived at Resaca June 2, 1864. There the drove, num bering over 1,200 head, was transferred to Captain Thornton, corn- missary of subsistence. He called upon me for guard to the front, showing authority from General Sherman for his demand. Addi- tion had been made to the drove, making over 1,700 head, thereby entailing very heavy guard upon the regiment, which numbered only 180 effective men. Arrived at Acworth, Ga., June 8. June 9, were relieved and reported to the brigade. June 10, moved with the brigade, and participated in the operations before Pine Top and in the advance upon the Kenesaw line. June 20, moved to the right and relieved troops of the Twentieth Corps in front of Bald Knob. The picket-line was advanced, and being driven back, the Thirty- eighth was deployed and placed on picket. June 21, the Thirty- eighth was relieved early in the morning. The picket-line was again advanced, took and held Bald Knob in our front. After the line was established the Thirty-eighth was moved to the hill, where it remained till the morning of the 2~3d. During the operations th Page 239 Ca& ~. L.] REPORTS, ETQ.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 239 enemy shelled the line vigorously. June 23, moved farther to the right before daylight. The line was advanced in the afternoon. The Thirty-eighth was ordered to throw up works between the Twenty-first Illinois and One hundred and first Ohio, in doing which 1 man was killed and several wounded. On the morning of June 27 the regiment was on picket, and was relieved before light by a portion of the Third Brigade, and, with the brigade, was held in support of Newtons division while charging the enemys lines. After the withdrawal of Newtons division, were again moved to the front line. In so doing Captain Harris, Company K, was wounded in the leg. Remained at this point alternately on front and rear lines till July 2. In the month of June the Thirty-eighth lost 1 commissioned officer and 26 enlisted men wounded, I enlisted man killed. On the night of July 2 moved to the left and relieved the One hundredth Illinois on picket. July 3, moved with the brigade sev- eral miles past Marietta. July 4, Captain Patrick, in command of the picket detail, was wounded in advancing the line, causing the loss of his left arm. July 5, moved to Vinings Station, near the Chattahoochee; laid there till the 10th, and were moved to the left. July 12, crossed the river, threw up works on a high ridge near the river, and laid there till the 18th. July 18 and 19, moved with the brigade in the direction of Atlanta. July 20, crossed Peach Tree Creek, and when lines were formed were placed in support of the Fifth Indiana Battery, in which position we laid till the morning of the 22d, when, the enemy having left, we moved forward. Upon coming up with the enemys line, were formed, threw up works, and remained in position till the 26th. The night of July 26 moved to lines protecting the left flank and rear, remaining there till August 1. Loss in July, 1 enlisted man killed; 1 commissioned officer and 2 enlisted men wounded. August 1, the regiment was ordered out, and threw up works near corps headquarters. At night were ordered to rejoin the brigade, when we took position on the left, relieving the Twenty-third Corps; remained there, with a few changes in the line, till the night of the 25th, when the brigade moved to the right. August 26, about 11 a. m. were ordered to support the Eighty-first Indiana on the skir- mish line, and, deploying, were ordered to the works held by the enemy. The regiment charged and, driving them out, occupied the works. The left was immediately exposed to a flank fire and fell back. The left was refused and the line held till ordered back, when it fell back slowly, protecting the rear of the column. Loss in the month of August, 2 enlisted men killed and 3 wounded. September 1, were engaged with the brigade in destroying the Macon road. When line of battle was formed before Jonesborough were placed upon the left as flankers and skirmishers, connecting with the Ninetieth Ohio, who were upon the skirmish line, the Sec- ond Division forming in our rear. The Thiity-eighth prolonged the line of the Ninetieth, and, an advance being ordered, went forward through a thick wood till it attained a hill in front of Jonesborough. The regiment made two charges upon the enemys skirmish lines, driving them readily, with a loss of 3 men wounded. It remained till dark, when it was relieved by other troops. September 2, moved to the left of the line near Lovejoys; withdrew the night of the 5th, and, with the brigade, returned to Atlanta, reaching that place September 8 Page 240 240 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Recapitulation.Commissioned officers wounded, 2; enlisted men wounded, 34; killed, 4; missing, 3; aggregate loss during the cam- paign, 43. The regiment was under the enemys fire twenty-six consecutive days, from June 10 to July 5, both inclusive. W. T. CHAPMAN, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Capt. JOHN A. WRIGHT, A. A. G., First Brig., First Div., Fourth Army Corps. No. 19. Report of Brig. Gen. Walter C. Whitaker, U. S. Army, command ing Second Brigade, of operations May 3-June 30. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., FIRsT Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Atlanta, Gct., , 1864. SIR: I submit the following report of the part taken by my bri- gade in the advance upon Atlanta; also a list of the killed, wounded, and missing: May the 3d the brigadecomposed of the following regiments, Twenty-first Kentucky, Colonel Price; Ninety-sixth Illinois, Col- onel Champion; Fortieth Ohio, Colonel Taylor; One hundred and fifteenth Illinois, Colonel Moore; Fifty-first Ohio, Colonel Mc- Clam; Ninety-ninth Ohio, Lieutenant-Colonel Cummins command- ing; Eighty-fourth Indiana, Col. A. J. Neff, and Thirty-fifth Indiana, Major Dufficy commanding, and the Fifth Indiana Battery, Lient. A. Morrison commanding, numbering 155 commissioned officers and 2,875 enlisted men, making a total of 3,028left Blue Springs, near Cleveland, Teun., en route for Atlanta, Ga. On the evening of the 4th we reached Catoosa Springs, where we remained until the 7th, on which day we advanced on Tunnel Hill, the First Brigade of the division having the advance; it meeting with opposition near Tunnel Hill, my brigade was detailed to act on the left next to Rocky Face. The Twenty-first Kentucky was deployed as skirmishers, supported by the brigade, formed in two lines. We drove the enemy, composed of Wheelers cavalry, rapidly before us. The enemy formed on Tunnel Hill, but we continuing to advance, they rapidly retired, leaving us in possession of the works on the hill, which were of good strength, and whence a formidable resistance could have been made. On the 8th took position in front of Rocky Face and remained dur- ing the night. On the 9th deployed the Ninety-sixth Illinois and Eighty-fourth Indiana as skirmishers, who boldly advanced up the side of the mountain to the base of the cliff of Rocky Face, where the skirmishers effectively kept the enemys skirmishers under cover on the top of the ridge. In the evening, by order, the Ninety-sixth Illinois and Eighty-fourth Indiana were marched by the right flank as skirmishers in the direction of Buzzard Roost Gap to develop the enemys position. Under a heavy fire of musketry, shell, and can- ister this was most ably done, until they approached so near the en- emys batteries that their artillery could not be depressed enough to bear on the skirmishers. The enemy was found in heavy force. By night the skirmishers were retired from the immediate front of th Page 241 Cuii. L] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 241 enemys works, which were of the most formidable character, having accomplished their mission. In this advance I deeply regret to men- tion the loss of Major Boyd, of the Eighty-fourth Indiana. He was severely wounded and has since died. Brave, quick, energetic, and honorable, he was a most useful ~nd valuable officer. His loss was deeply felt. ~We remained in front of Rocky Face, engaged in skir- mishing every day, until the 12th, when this brigade was moved to the right of the railroad, where it passes through Rocky Face Ridge. Here we intreuched, working night and day, in face of a most ener- getic and watchful foe, under heavy fire, and firmly maintained our position in pistol-shot range of the enemys works until they evacu- ated them. They were of the most formidable character. On the lath we pursued the rebels, and on the 14th, the First Bri- gade having the advance, they were found on the road from Dalton to Resaca, near the latter place. My brigade was sent forward to develop their position. Throwing out skirmishers, we advanced and drove the enemy before us until they took refuge behind their intrenchments. We continued to advance until within canister range of their works. Here my brigade threw up a temporary bar- ricade, where my sharpshooters kept up a galling fire on the enemys batteries. While thus engaged the rebels made an assault in four columns on the left of our column. The First Brigade of the divis- ion had been ordered to protect this flank, but the enemy ffiassed his troops in such numbers, and made his assault so fiercely, that the First Brigade was overpowered and fell back in great disorder, leaving my left flank exposed to a most terriffic assault. The One hundred and fifteenth Illinois and Ninety-sixth Illinois resisted with persistent courage under a most galling fire, but held the enemy at bay, falling back and changing front, until I brought up the Fortieth Ohio, Ninety-ninth Ohio, and Fifty-first Ohio, when we drove the enemy back from my flank and firmly maintained my position. These regiments behaved with great gallantry. The Fifth Indiana Battery, attached to this brigade, under command of Lieutenant Morrison, and under supervision of brave Captain Simonson, chief of artillery of the division, had been left in the rear by order of major-general commanding division, and being assailed by a portion of the enemys columns, made a most determined and successful defense. The brave officers and men hurled such storms of shell, shot, and canister upon the rebel lines that they were en- abled to maintain their position until General Hookers command, advancing, aided them in turning back the rebel column, which was advancing far in rear of our left flank. I make special mention of the officers and men of this battery for their gallantry and bravery on this occasion. The enemys loss was reported by prisoners to be near 300 killed, with some 600 or 800 wounded. My loss was light. May the 15th my brigade was massed in column of regiments to support a portion of General Hookers corps that assaulted and carried a part of the enemys works in front of Resaca. At night we lay in the trenches which my pioneers had been engaged in constructing under heavy fire. Early next morning, the 16th, the enemys works were found to be evacuated. We slowly pursued them, and, passing through Resaca, crossed the Oosteuaula late in the evening. The One hun- dred and fifteenth Illinois, Colonel Moore commanding, was de- tailed, by order of General Thomas, to guard the works at Resaca. 16 R RYQL xxxviii, PT Page 242 242 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. It was a very responsible position, and it has been well done. May 17, we moved slowly in the direction of and within three miles of Adairsville, the enemy slowly and stubbornly yielding. May 18, advanced through Adairsville and within three and one-half miles of Kingston. May 19, my brigad.e was in advance of the army, the Twenty-first Kentucky on the right of the Ninety-ninth Ohio, on the left of the road as skirmishers, with the Eighty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Indiana as flankers. We had heavy skirmishing all the ~way to Kingston. Beyond the town the enemy formed in line of battle and opened upon us with a battery. I moved my brigade quickly against the enemys left, while they were assailed in front by the First and Third Brigades of this division. Being thus assailed, the rebels retreated slowly and stubbornly, falling back and being firmly pursued by my skirmishers through a succession of thickly-wooded hills very favorable for defense, until coming to the slope of the ridge the rebels were found drawn up in line of battle in heavy force on an open plateau a short distance in our front and in front of their works at Cassville. By order of General Stanley I threw forward my brigade in line of battle, and the Fifth Indiana Battery, with McDowells and Bridges batteries, or por- tions of them, opened fire upon the rebels with good effect. Our line of battle being formed and the skirmishers pressing them, the enemy withdrew his forces and retired behind his works at Cass- ville. During the night they evacuated this. position. The 20th, 21st, and 22d we remained in position near Cassville, and on the 22d sent back to Bridgeport, a all the surplus bag- gage of the brigade. On the 23d we crossed the Etowah and camped near Euharlee. On the 24th we passed Euharlee Creek and went into camp late at night in heavy rain at Burnt Hickory. On the 25th we continued in pursuit of the enemy, and passing Pumpkin Vine Creek were ordered to support General Hookers corps, which had come up with and had a severe engagement with the rebels. These re-enforcements did not arrive any too soon, though night had intervened between the enemy and General Hookers disordered troops. We went into line of battle at night and lay in this posi- tion. May 26, remained in this position. May 27, moved across Little Pumpkin Vine Creek near Browns saw-mill, relieving the Second Brigade, of General Woods division. At this point we remained until the 5th of June, working day and night, in rain and mud, under heavy fire. Severe skirmishing took place night and day with but little intermission, varied every day by heavy artillery firing. This position was most fiercely contested, yet day and night my officers and men for ten days worked and fought until we advanced our lines to pistol-shot range at ~some points of the enemys works. Here the fire was so heavy and con- centrated that no human being could show above the works for any length of time without being shot. The enemy was so hotly pressed that on the morning of the 5th his works were again found vacated. June the 6th we pursued them, and took position about three miles south of Acworth. Here we remained until the 10th June, on which day we advanced (skirmishing) and found the enemy strongly in- trenched on Pine Mountain, with his left toward Lost and his right toward Kenesaw Mountain. June 11, took position on the left of Hooker and the right of Woods division, and threw up earth-works with lumber revetments for artillery and riflemen. Keeping a heavy line of skirmishers forward, the enemy opened fron4 Pine Noiintain with artillery. . Page 243 O~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLA~D. 243 Remained in this position, with severe skirmishing, the 12th, 13th, and 14th of June. On the 14th a shell froni~ the Fifth Indiana Bat- tery, commanded by Lieutenant Morrison, fired from a 3-inch Rod- man gun, from the section commanded by Lieutenant Ellison, killed Lieutenant-General Polk of the rebel army, who, in company with Generals Johnston and Hardee, was surveying our lines from Pine Mountain. June 15, the rebels vacated Pine Mountain and its strong defenses. We advanced in pursuit and occupied Pine Mountain We found the enemy in another line of works in cannon-range of his last position. In this advance I suffered the loss of that good and brave officer, Lieut. Thomas M. Gunn, topographical engineer of the brigade, who was captured by the enemy while fearlessly in the discharge of his duty. We remained before the enemy, with heavy skirmishing, until the 17th, when the rebels fell back on their left, falling back so as to form a line almost at right angles with that tart of his position not abandoned. We pursued him and went into line with the Second Brigade, of Woods division, on our left and Williams division on our right. Heavy works were again thrown up for defense. June 18, advanced, my skirmishers being the Ninety-ninth Ohio, under command of Captain Bope (both field officers being sick). This regiment advanced most gallantly, driving the enemy with great impetuosity, and taking position within 100 yards of the enemys lines. It rained incessantly, and these brave men in theirrifie-pits, some in water nearly waist deep, resisted suc~ cessfully every effort made to dislodge them. Following up the ad- vance made by the Ninety-ninth Ohio, with the Eighty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Indiana and Fifty-first Ohio, we again threw up works and held the advance gained. The skirmishing was very severe. June 19, the rebels, being hard pressed, had again va- cated their position and left their formidable works. We pursued along the road to Marietta. Between two and three miles the enemy were again found in force in strong earth-works. This brigade went into line with heavy skirmishing, the right of my skirmishers hav- ing to wade and stand in a swamp with the water above the knees. June 20, advanced my front line and again threw up strong works; the enemys position was such that he could enfilade as far as the range of his guns our lines, right and left. I was ordered to dis- lodge him. My skirmishers, under the command of Lieutenant-Col- onel Watson, were strengthened and advanced. The Twenty-first Kentucky, Colonel Price commanding, was ordered to storm the first line of works. The Fifty-first Ohio, Colonel McClain, was ordered to support, while the pioneers of the brigade were held in readiness to fortify immediately any vantage ground taken. The skirmishers having advanced, at 4 p. m. the assault was made. It was one of the most brilliant and successful assaults of the war. So rapidly and effectively was it done that the great bulk of the rebels occupy- ing the works were killed or taken prisoners. The officers and men of the Twenty-first charged beyond this line, and up to within a few yards of their main lines. The color-sergeant, Henry Bryant, being wounded, Sergt. William L. Lanham seized the colors, and bear- ing them forward was in the act of mounting the parapet of the en- emys main works when he was fatally shot. The brave Then with him brought back their colors to the first line of works, where they firmly maintained themselves until the Fifty-first Ohio and the pioneers [arrived], making the works more tenable. They were re- lieved from their position by the Ninety-ninth Ohio, which forme Page 244 244 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. on the left of the Fifty-first. The Ninety-sixth Illinois was formed on my extreme right, and the Thirty-fifth Indiana on my extreme left, the Fortieth Ohio, Eighty-fourth Indiana, and Twenty-first Kentucky now forming the rear line. This disposition of forces was made with great celerity, but none too soon to secure the important position taken from the rebels. Two rebel regiments were sent to recover the lost ground. They boldly advanced to within a few rods of my line and were mowed down by the deadly fire of my brave men. The contest was again renewed with additional forces by the enemy to regain their lost ground. Boldly they advanced, but as boldly were they repulsed. Three brigades from night-fall till 11 oclock at night made desperate and persevering assaults to recover the lost position. Five companies on the right of the Thirty-fifth Indiana were driven by superior numbers from their position, and the enemygained a iodgment in my line. Twas dark. Friend and foe were mixed. Brave Major Pufficy fell boldly and fearlessly rallying his men. Colonel Cummins, with the Ninety-ninth Ohio, repelled from his left flank, while the Fifty-first Ohio and Ninety-sixth Illinois drove them from their front. It was a time of peril and great danger, but ordering forward the Fortieth Ohio, those bold soldiers soon drove out the rebels from their lodgment on my line in wild disorder and with heavy loss. It was a most fiercely and deadly contested battle- ground. In two instances coming under my observation the bayo- nets of the loyal and rebel soldiers were found in each others per- son. My loss was 273 killed, wounded, and missing. The enemys loss was reported to me by prisoners to be between 500 and 600 killed and over 1,000 wounded. We fought their best troops and drove them from an important position, and held it firmly. Among the missing is Lieutenant-Colonel Watson, of the Fortieth Ohio, who in the darkness charged into the rebel lines and with several bf his men were surrounded and captured. He is a very valuable officer. Colonel Price was wounded severely. Colonel Champion and Lieu- tenant-Colonel Smith, of the Ninety-sixth Illinois,were also wounded. These officers behaved with great gallantry. In this connection I must also mention the efficient conduct of Colonel McClain and Lieutenant-Colonel Wood, Fifty-first Ohio Volunteers; Lieutenant- Colonel Evans and Major iloskins, Twenty-first Kentucky. Every officer and man, with few exceptions, did their duty, and I regret that I cannot mention each one personally. Without the most de- termined courage and efficiency as soldiers on their part, I must have been beaten. I congratulate them on winning one of the most fiercely contested fights in the history of this rebellion. This fight took place on one of the spurs of Kenesaw Mountain. June 21, we strengthened oui~ works under a heavy cannonade from four batteries. The skirmishing was very severe day and night. June 22, the artillery firing was again renewed with great fury. At 10 p. m. my brigade was relieved by a brigade from the Fourteenth Corps, and we moved three miles to the right, reliev- ing General Wards brigade, of the Twentieth Corps. The Ninety- ninth Ohio was to-day transferred to the Twenty-third Corps by order of General Thomas, and its place supplied by the Forty-fifth Ohio. It is a gallant and efficient regiment, and carries my best wishes wherever it may go. June 2:3, I was ordered to take the skirmish line in my front. Ordering forward the Eighty-fourth Indiana, Colonel Neff commanding, they gallantly assaulted and took the enemys line, with 28 men and 2 officers prisoners Page 245 CHAP. L.J REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CTTMBERLAND. 245 Before the line could be strengthened by defenses, the enemy rallied and drove in a portion of the Eighty-fourth Indiana, but they held the most important portion of the line against every effort to dislodge them. June 24, 25, and 26, niy position was unchanged, and the time was occupied in throwing up defenses, night and day, while being constantly engaged in heavy skirmishing. June 27, I was ordered to support an assaulting column composed partly of different brigades. The brigade I was ordered immediately to sup- port being General Harkers, I took and maintained the position assigned me. The enemys skirmish line being taken,was occupied and held by the Forty-fifth and Fifty-first Ohio and Twenty-first Kentucky, of this brigade, the brigade of General Harker being withdrawn. June 28, still occupying same position; no skirmish- ing, the men being engaged in burying the dead. June 29, the position of the brigade was unchanged. Heavy skirmishing day and night, with but little intermission. During the night the rebels made a furious attack on our lines, but were repulsed with but slight loss. We know not their loss, but presume it was heavy. June 30, position still unchanged. The health of the general commanding this brigade, from con- tinued exposure night and day for over two months, had become so impaired as in the opinion of the brigade surgeon to put in serious danger his life or the permanent derangement of his health if sub- jected to further exposure and fatigue. It was with deep regret that e was compelled by disease to leave his command on the eve of one of the most decisive victories over treason. This regret was more poignant from the fact that he had been actively engaged in all the battles in which the Army of the Cumberland had been engaged, and it was his highest pride and honor to be with it in every one so long as he was connected therewith. My command was left with Colonel Taylor, of the Fortieth Ohio, who will report any further action taken by my brigade up to the evacuation of Atlanta. It is with feelings of pride, a soldiers just and honest pride, that I commend the courage, fortitude, fidelity, efficiency, and endurance of the officers and men of my command. For two months under fire, working day and night, through good and inclement weather, no murmur was heard, but the most deter- mined spirit evinced to subdue the enemies of our country. I must specially commend Colonel Price, Colonel Champion, Colonel Tay- lor, and Colonel McClain, for promptness and efficiency as officers. Also Surgeons Beach, Walton, Wing, Pierce, and Averdick, for care and attention to my sick and wounded. Also of Father Cooney and Chaplain Burkett, for well-timed and faithful ministrations as chaplains. The loss of my brigade was heavy, being, up to July 1: Killed commissioned officers, 4; enlisted men, 91. Woundedcommis- sioned officers, 22; enlisted men, 380. Missingcommissioned offi- cers, 2; enlisted men, 60. Making a total of killed, wounded, and missing in officers, of 28 ; and of enlisted men, 531. Grand total, 559. For particulars of loss to each portion of the command, and at what time, see tabular statement as part of this report. We took in prisoners 3 officers and 88 enlisted men; total 91. (See provost- marshals statement.; Of my staffCapt. H. F. Temple, acting assistant adjutant-gen- eral; my aides, Lient. J. P. Phiijps and Lieut. J. Clarence Peck; Captain North, brigade inspector; Lieutenant Gunn, topographica Page 246 246 ThE ATLA1~TA CAMPATG~. (CHAP. t. - en~gineer; Lieutenant Pepoon, provost-marshal; Captain Hodgdon, commissary; Lieutenant Dean, controlling ambulances, and Lieu- tenant Conyers, commanding provost guardsI can most truthfully say that every member of it has so demeaned himself as to merit promotion. Brave, faithful, and efficient, they are an honor to the positions they hold. Respectfully, WALTER C. WHITAKER, Brigadier-General, Second Brigade, First Division, Fourth Corps, Army of the Gum berland. Major SINCLAIR, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Fourth Corps. [Inclosure No. 1.] List of prisoners captured by Second Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, during the mouths of May and June, 1864. Date. Officers. Men. Total. May14 11 11 May15 2 2 May16 2 2 May18 ;3 3 May19 9 9 June2 2 2 JuneS 1 1 June15 1 1 June19 6 6 June20 I 25 26 June23 2 17 19 June23 9 9 Total 3 88 91 G. W. PEPOON, First Lieutenant and Provost -Marshal. [Inclosure No. 2.] Effective force of Se& ond Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, May 3, 1864. Infantry. Artillery. ni ni Command. ~, ~. 5) a 0 ~ 0 ~ 96th flhinois, colonel champion 18 354 372 115th Illinois, aol. J. H. Moore 24 357 381 40th Ohio, colonel Taylor 10 379 389 51st Ohio, colonel McClain 17 447 464 99th Ohio, Lieutenant-Colonel Cummins 24 314 338 84th Indiana, colonel Neff IS 388 406 35th Indiana, Major Dufficy 19 244 263 21st Kentucky, Colonel Price 23 258 231 5th Indiana Battery, Lieutenant Morrison 2 132 134 Total 153 2,741 2 132 3,028 H. F. TEMPLE, Captain and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. BLUE SPRINGS, TENN., May 3, 1864 Page 247 C~. 14 REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLA~D. 247 [Inclosure No. 3.] Report of killed, wounded, and missing of the Second Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, from May 3 to June 30, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Aggregate. Command. ~ a ,~ a .-~ a a a S a 5 a o 5 a o S a o 0 ~ E~O ~ E~ C ~ 96th Illinois Volunteers. Maj. G. Hicks 15 15 5 70 75 . 10 10 5 95 100 40th Ohio Volunteers, Col. J. E. Taylor 11 11 52 52 1 20 21 1 83 84 51st Ohio Volunteers, Col. R. W. MeClain 2 13 15 3 55 58 2 2 5 70 75 99th Ohio Volunteei~s, Lieut. Col. J. E 9 9 3 23 26 .... 2 2 3 34 37 Cummins. 84th Indiana Volunteers, Lieut. Col. A. ... 14 14 4 51 55 .... 16 16 4 81 85 J. Neff. 35th Indiana Volunteers, Capt. J. A. Gay 1 13 14 2 50 52 1 7 8 4 70 74 isk. 21st Kentucky Volunteers, Lieut. Col. J 12 12 4 58 62 .... 1 1 4 71 75 C. Evans. 5th Indiana Battery, Lieut. A. Morrison. 1 2 3 4 4 1 6 7 115th Illinois Volunteers, Col. J. II. Moore 2 2 1 14 15 .... 2 2 1 18 19 45th Ohio Volunteers, Capt. J. H. Hum- 3 3 3 3 phrey. Total 1 95 221 380 402 2 60 62 28 531 559 H. F. TEMPLE, Captain and Acting Assistant Adjutant~General. No. 20. Report of Got. Jacob E. Taylor, Fortieth Ohio Infantry, command ing Second Brigade, of operations June 30September 8. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., FIRST Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Atlanta, Ga., September 15, 1864. I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the Second Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, from the 30th day of June, 1864, up to and including the capture of Atlanta: On the 30th of June Brig. Gen. W. C. Whitaker, having obtained leave of absence on account of ill health, took his departure for the rear, and I, being senior officer present, assumed command of the brigade. On that date the brigade lay on the extreme right of the Fourth Corps, connecting its right flank with General Jeff. C. Davis division, of the Fourteenth Corps, and its left with the Third Brigade of this division. The front line was pushed up to within seventy- five yards of the enemys works, at the point where the brigades of Harker and McCook made the assault on the 27th of June. This line was held by two regiments of my command, and was subjected to an incessant and fatally accurate fire from the enemy. The remaining regiments of the brigade were camped at a short distance in rear and were held to relieve the regiments on the front line, which was done at 8 p. m. each day. The position of the front line remained unchanged until the morning of July 3, when the skir- mishers of the Fortieth Ohio and Fifty-first Ohio being advanced, it was found the enemy had evacuated his works, which had Page 248 248 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca& p. L. been rendered almost impregnable against as~ault. The reserve regiments of the brigade were moved, in accordance with orders from Major-General Stanley, on the night of the 2d instant about one-half a mile to the left, and relieved General Kim- balls brigade, of Newtons division. At early dawn on the 3d instant, the enemy being gone, the brigade was assembled and massed in an open field and awaited orders for pursuit. At 7 a. in., pursuant to orders, the brigade took up the line of march, bringing up the rear of the division. Leaving Marietta to the left, we pro- ceeded down the Atlant~ railroad to a point four miles sonth of Marietta, where the enemy was found intrenched. Here the brigade was ordered to mass into column of regiments, and encamp for the night. The Thirty-fifth Indiana was detailed to picket the brigade front. Next morning, the 4th instant, being ordered to strengthen and advance the line of skirmishers, I ordered the Forty -fifth Ohio to the support of the Thirty-fifth Indiana, and immediately advanced the line. The Thirty-fifth Indiana made a brilliant charge on the enemys skirmish line (which was nearly equal in strength to a line of battle), and, being well supported by the Forty-fifth Ohio, carried the rifle-pits and held them, although exposed to a galling flank fire, in consequence 7f the failure of troops on the left to advance in con- junction with them. The remaining regiments of the brigade were promptly advanced to within supporting distance of the skirmish me, d a temporary barricade erected. On the morning of the 5th instant it was found that the enemy had again fallen back, and, pursuant to orders, the brigade marched with the division to Vinings Station, and went into camp along the north bank of the Chattahoochee River. The position of the brigade remained unchanged until the 10th instant, when with the division it moved up the Cliattahoochee and encamped, near Powers Ferry. On the 12th instant a crossing of the river was effected, and the brigade went into camp on the left of the division on a high ridge protecting the Powers Ferry crossing. On the 18th instant the Thirty-fifth Indiana was detached from the brigade (pursuant to orders from division headquarters) to guard the supply train of the corps, and did not rejoin the brigade until the 30th of August. On the 18th instant the brigade moved with th~ division to Buck Head, where it remained until the afternoon of the 19th, when orders were received to proceed on Atlanta road across the north fork of Peach Tree Creek, which was accomplished before night-fall. On going into camp three regiments were put into the front line and ordered to throw up temporary breast-works. The remainder of the brigade was held in reserve, protected from the fire of the enemy by the na- ture of the ground. A brisk fire was kept up between our skirmish- ers and the skirmishers of the enemy. Next morning the brigade was ordered to take the advance of the division and force a crossing of the south fork of Peach Tree Creek, on the south bank of which the enemy was found to be in force. After moving in a southerly direction about two miles from th~ position held on the night of the 19th, the road suddenly turned to the west, and we marched directly toward Atlanta. The Twenty-first Kentucky was rapidly deployed as skirmishers and advanced steadily, driving the skirmishers of the enemy before them until they gained the creek. The brigade was here brought to a temporary halt, in consequence of the destruction of the bridge across the creek until another could be constructed Page 249 C~. L.] REPORTS, ETO.ARMY OF THE C1TMBERLAND. 249 For better security, I ordered the Fortieth Ohio to the right as flank- ers for the brigade, and brought the Forty-fifth Ohio and Ninety- sixth Illinois into line, the former on the right and the latter on the left of the road. As soon as the pioneers had constructed a bridge the skirmishers, with proper supports, were ordered forward to take possession of the high ridge bordering the south bank of Peach Tree Creek, but being considerably annoyed by the fire of the enemys sharpshooters who were posted behind a cluster of log cabins on the crest of the ridge, one section of the Fifth Indi- ana Battery, under command of Lieutenant Ellison, was ordered into position, and by a few well-directed shots drove the rebels from their cover, and the skirmishers advanced over the hill, fol- lowed by the brigade in column. On the crest of the hill I formed a line of battle, consisting of the Ninety-sixth Illinois on the right, the Fifty-first Ohio in the center, and the Forty-fifth Ohio on the left; the Eighty-foui~th Indiana was held in reserve. I then directed the Fortieth Ohio, which was deployed as flankers on the right, to move forward and extend the skirmish line by forming on the right of the Twenty-first Kentucky. These dispositions having been made the signal (eighteen guns) was given and the line moved forward, cap- turing the skirmish pits of the enemy. The main line of battle was halted about 100 yards beyond the captured pits of the enemy, and immediately erected a line of breast-works. The skirmishers ad- vanced so close to the main rebel works, and were in such an exposed position that they were unable to throw up any protection for them- selves, especially on the left of the line held by the Twenty-first Kentucky. The Fortieth Ohio was relieved by the Fifty-first Ohio at 5 p. in., but it was impossible to relieve the Twenty-first Kentucky at that time without too much risk. About two hours before dark the rebels advanced from their works in line of battle, and charged the skirmish line with the intention of driving it in. They were not only defeated in their object, but were repulsed with great loss. Great praise is due to the officers and men of the Twenty- first Kentucky and Fifty-first Ohio for the pertinacity with which they held their ground on this occ~ision. After dark the Twenty-first Kentucky was relieved by the Ninety-sixth Illinois. The night was spent in building earth-works with timber revetments. On the morning of the 21st instant the Fortieth Ohio was sent to reiieve the Fifty-first Ohio, and during the day the firing was incessant, killing and wounding a number of my officers and men. The amount of firing done by the skirmishers may be imagined by the fact that the Fortieth Ohio alone expefided 27,000 rounds of ammunition during the night and day of the 21st instant. At night the Twenty-first Kentucky was again ordered to the skirmish line to relieve the Ninety-sixth Illinois. At 3 a. m. of the 22d our skirmishers pushed up to the enemys works and found them evac- uated. They remained in the works until daylight, and gathered up about 25 rebel prisoners. Di~ring the morning we marched up to the high ridge confronting the enemys works east of Atlanta, and having been assigned a position in the line went to work with a will in the construction of a line of intrenchments. We were en- gaged in strengthening our works for several days, using every conceivable device to render our position impregnable. The timber was felled in our front for a distance of 200 yards, and an abatis consti Qcted through which it was impossible for a line of battle t Page 250 250 TILE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. advance.~ On the night of the 26th instant (the Army of the Ten- nessee having marched from our left flank around to the right, thereby leaving our rear and left exposed) I was ordered to move my brigade to the rear about one and a half miles and take position in the rebel works, abandoned by them on the night of the 21st instant. These we strengthened and held until the 1st of August, when we were ordered to relieve a brigade of the Twenty-third Corps, directly on the left of the position we had previously occu- pied before Atlanta. Here the entire brigade, with the exception of the. Fifty-first Ohio, which was kept in reserve, was put into the front line of trenches, and remained there until the night of the 25th instant. During this time I was frequently ordered to make demon- strations on the enemys line, which I did with as much success as was possible, considering the ground on which I had to operate. On the 16th instant, pursuant to orders from the major-general com- manding the Department of the Cumberland, the Eighty-fourth Indiana was transferred from this to the Third Brigade of the divis- ion. Universal regret was felt throughout my command on parting with the noble regiment which had so long and so honorably been associated wit 1 this brigade, and it carried with it the best wishes of all. The Fifty-ninth Illinois w~as assigned to this brigade in place of the Eighty-fourth Indiana. Its commanding officer, Colonel Post, although the ranking officer, declined taking command of the brigade, as he expected soon to be transferred to the Third Division of this corps. On the 18th orders for the transfer of the Fifty-ninth Illinois were received, and on the 19th instant it left the brigade, and was replaced by the Twenty-third Kentucky, Lieut. Col. G. W. Northup commanding. On the. 25th instant orders were received to withdraw from our works quietly at night-fall and fall in with the column in rear of the First Brigade. At 8 oclock we retired, and with so little noise that our own pickets were not aware when we left. All sick and convalescent men and, surplus wagons and horses having been sent off during the day the march was rapidly accomplished, and by 3 oclock next morning we had crossed Proc- tors Creek and made a temporary halt to allow the men a few hours rest. Our pickets were withdrawn successfully at 12 oclock~ that night by Lieutenant-Colonel Wood, Fifty-first Ohio, brigade officer of the day. In the morning the Twenty-third Kentucky was detailed for picket and did not afterward rejoin the brigade until the next day. On the 26th the brigade was detailed to guard the wagon train of the corps. We reached camp at 6 p. m. and bivouacked for the night in the vicinity of Sandtown. On the 27th we marched to Mount Gilead Church~ and went into position and built a line of works. Here we met for the first time since the move- - ment commenced a body of the enemy, and skirmishing in lively style ensued between the opposing forces. At noon on the 28th we marched in the direction of the West Point railroad, and encamped at night near Red Oak Station. On the 29th I reported according to orders with my brigade to Brigadier-General Wood for the purpose of assisting in the destruction of the railroad. Under the direction of General Wood I moved about two miles toward East Point, where I threw the brigade into two lines on the left of the railroad, connect- ing with Carlins brigade, of the Fourteenth Corps, which was formed on the right of the road. The Twenty-first Kentucky was deployed as skirmishers and the Fortieth Ohio as flankers. We moved rap Page 251 C~. LI 1~EPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 251 idly forward for a mile, driving before us a body of rebel cavalry, when by General Woods order I halted and held the enemy at bay while working parties destroyed the road. When the work of de- struction was completed, I about-faced the brigade, retiring it in line, with flankers out and the skirmishers bringing up the rear. After passing inside the line of works I brought the brigade into column and returned to my former camp. On the 30th we crossed the West Point road and pushed out in the direction of the Macon railroad. The enemy appeared on our left several times during the day, but were kept off by the flankers. On the 31st we again struck out for the Macon railroad, this brigade in advance. We had not proceeded far when brisk skirmishing ensued, and we discovered a strong line of works in our front. By order of General Kimball I formed my brigade in line and commenced the construction of works. Believing the enemy to be in weak force the skirmishers were ordered forward and soon drove the rebels from their works, which were found to be quite formidable. I brought up the brigade and massed it in the field inside of the rebel works, and waited for Gen- eral Woods division to pass, which here took the advance of the corps. When he had got by I followed with the brigade, throwing the Fifty-first Ohio on my left as flankers. We marched some three or four miles and encamped at night in a position commanding the Macon railroad, and threw up a strong line of works. At daylight on the 1st of September we marched to the railroad and commenced its destruction, working southward. Late in the afternoon we had reached a point three miles from Jonesborough, having destroyed the railroad thoroughly as we advanced. Here we received orders to proceed toward Jonesborough and attack the enemy. This brigade being in rear of the division was held in reserve, and followed the movements of the division. Two regiments, however, the Fortieth Ohio and Twenty-third Kentucky, were detached and sent to report to General Grose, commanding Third Brigade, and were places by him so as to protect his left flank. These regiments rejoined the brigade that night at 10 oclock. At daylight the 2d instant I wa~ ordered to take position on the left of General Groses brigade, and attack the enemy in his works, but daylight disclos~d the fact that the rebels had gone, and the movement was not made. We marched through Jonesborough and down the railroad until we again found the enemy intrenched near Lovejoys Station. I was ordered to move on the left flank of General Groses brigade, which was deployed in line. The Ninety-sixth Illinois, Major Hicks commanding, was deployed .as skirmishers on the left and in continuation of Groses skirmish line, and moved in conjunction with them. We moved forward, conforming to the movements of Groses brigade; the Fortieth Ohio was in advance of the column. While advan6ing across a marsh under a heavy fire, which swept the whole length of the column, Captain Matchett, commanding Fortieth Ohio, was wounded so as to disable him, and the command of that regiment devolved on Captain Kemper. On entering an open field near the enemys position, General Wood took the responsibility of directing me to throw three regiments into line and ordering a charge to the crest of the ridge in our front, which would give us a fine position, either for offegsive or defensive movements. The charge was made under a storm of shot and shell, and a barricade was instantly thrown up on the crest of the ridge out of such materials as coul Page 252 252 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [ChAP. L. be gathered on the ground. In gaining and holding this ground we lost severely in killed and wounded, owing to our nearness to the rebel works. I should not omit to say that when the brigade advanced to this position the skirmishers of the Ninety~sixth Illinois charged gallant ly and drove the enemys skirmishers from their pits and occupied them. On the night of the 5th instant I was ordered to withdraw my brigade at 8 oclock and move toward Jonesborough. The night was rainy, and, except when the lightning flashed, it was iinpossi- ble to see ten steps in advance. Owing to the rains of the 3d, 4th, and 5th instant, the roads were in a horrible condition, and the men actually waded for miles through mud knee-deep. It was a terrible night march, and the men, overcome with fatigue, straggled considerably. Near daylight in the morning we reached the position held on the night of the 1st instant, and here the brigade encamped until the morning of the 7th, when we marched in the direction and within eight miles of the city of Atlanta. On the 8th we marched through the streets of the city we had fought so hard and so long to possess, and proceeding two miles out on the Augusta railroad, we formed our line running parallel with it, facing south, and went into camp. Subjoined is a list of casualties of the brigade since I assumed command of it; also a list of prisoners captured. It affords me pleasure to acknowledge the valuable assistance ren- dered me on all occasions in the execution of orders and in every movement we have made by the regimental, field, and line officers of this brigade. My thanks are especially due to Colonel McClain, Fifty-first Ohio Volunteers; Lieutenant-Colonel Evans, command- ing Twenty-first Kentucky Volunteers; Lieutenant-Colonel Northup, commanding Twenty-third Kentucky Volunteers; Lieutenant.- Colonel Tassin, commanding Thirty-fifth Indiana Volunteers; Major Hicks, commanding Ninety-sixth Illinois Volunteers; Captain Matchett, commanding Fortieth Ohio Volunteers; Captain Hum- phrey, commanding Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteers, and Captain Tay- lor, commanding Eighty-fourth Indiana Volunteers. They have shown themselves amid hardships and dangers to be brave, firm, persevering, and efficient officers, and deserve to be gratefully remembered of their country. The medical corps, under direction of Dr. J. N. Beach, acting brigade surgeon, have been untiring in their endeavors to alleviate the sufferings of the wounded. To my staffCapt. H.F. Temple, acting assistant adjutant-gen- eral; Capt. John North, inspector-general; Lieut. J. C. Peck, aide- de-camp; Lieut. G. W. Pepoon, provost-marshal, and Lieut. J. R. Dean, controlling ambulancesmy acknowledgments are due for their faithfulness and efficiency in the discharge of their manifold duties. They have been tried on many a field and their gallantry and fearlessness well attested. Very respectfully, J. E. TAYLOR, Golonel, Gommanding Brigade. Capt. E. D. MASON, Asst. Adji. Gen., First Division, Fourth Arm~ Corps Page 253 cwi~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 253 [Inclosure No. 1~. List of prisoners captured by the Second Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, during the months of July and August, 1864. Months. Officers. Men. Ag~e gate. July 1 51 52 August Total 1 56 57 [Inclosure No. 2.] Report of casualties ~n Second Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, from July 1, 1864, to September 9, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. Troops. 0 0 0 0 4OthOhioVolunteer Infantry 1 6 7 27 27 3 3 1 36 37 51st Ohio Volunteer Infantry 2 2 19 19 3 8 24 24 45th Ohio Volunteer Infantry 2 2 1 13 14 1 15 16 21st Kentucky Volunteer Infantry . I 14 14 2 2 4 2 16 18 23d Kentucky Volunteer Infantry 1 1 1 .... I 1 1 2 96th Illinois Volunteer Infantry 5 5 .... 18 18 . ... 4 4 .... 27 27 35th Indiana Volunteer Infantry 3 3 3 3 84th Indiana Volunteer Infantry 1 1 .... 4 4 5 5 Total 1 17 18 2 98 100 2 12 14 5 127 132 J. E. TAYLOR, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. No. 21. Report of Maj. George Flicks, Ninety-sixth Illinois Infantry, of operations June 21September 8. HDQRS. NINETY-SIXTH REGT. ILLINOIS VOL. JNFTY., Atlanta, Ga., September 12, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this regiment since the 21st day of June, 1864, on which day I assumed command of the regiment: On the afternoon of the 21st the regiment acted in conjunction with the First Brigade in assaulting the rebel position on our imme- diate right, and succeeded in dislodging the enemy, with a loss to our regiment of 10 men killed and wonuded. On the night of the 22d we were relieved, and were sent to the right, where we in turn re- lieved a portion of Hookers corps. On the 23d we advanced our line, driving the enemy, with some loss, and gained an important position, which we intrenched and held. The regiment was no Page 254 254 ~E ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [cm. L. again actively engaged with the enemy until after crossing the Chat- tahoochee, though under fire nearly every day until we reached the river. July 18, we bivouacked at Buck Head and moved forward the next day toward Atlanta, encountering the enemys skirmishers at night. On the 20th we again advanced, and after crossing Peach Tree Creek formed in line of battle. This regiment was held in support of the Twenty-first Kentucky, which was deployed as skir- mishers. When in the afternoon a vigorous assault was made upon the skirmish line, and the right of the Twenty-third Corps, which connected with us, gave way, this regiment was moved up to re-en- force the skirmish line, and there fortified. Our loss was but slight. On the 22d of July we advanced to within two miles of Atlanta and intrenched our position. We held position in front of Atlanta, without being engaged in battle as a regiment, until August 19. On the afternoon of that day the regiment was ordered to re-enforce the picket-line, and ad- vance with it against the enemy. At the given signal the regiment advanced, and proceeded to within from fifty to seventy-five yards of the rebel pits, briskly engaging the enemy. Finding that other por- tions of the line had not advanced, and that I was without support on either flank, I withdrew the regiment from its ~advanced position. Our loss was 2 killed and 8wounded. At night of August 25 our works were abandoned, and we moved to the right, continuing the movement on the 26th, 27th, and 28th, until we reached Red Oak. On the 29th the regiment moved with the brigade toward East Point, to protect troops who were destroying the West Point railroad. On the 30th we again moved to the right. On the 31st we were advanc- ing upon the Macon road, when the enemy was encountered, and line of battle was formed, but the enemy fled without engaging us. That night we fortified our line near the Macon road, south of Rough and Ready. September 1, the regiment was detailed as guard for the ammunition train of the division, and was not engaged in the battle of Jonesborough. September 2, in advancing toward Love- joys. the regiment occupied the skirmish line in front of the brigade. We drove the rebels more than a mile, back into their well-con- structed rifle-pits, when our advance was temporarily checked. Afterward, as troops moved with loud cheers to our support, our skirmishers again advanced and took possession of the rebel rifle-. pits, from which the enemy hastily retreated. We lost in this skir- mish 2 killed and 4 wounded.. On the 5th of September we withdrew from Lovejoys, and entered Atlanta on the 8th instant. I desire to acknowledge the uniform gallantry and soldier-like be- havior of the officers and men of this regiment while under my command. Not once did they flinch from the enemy, nor fail to advance as far and as fast as they were ordered. To all of them I feel indebted for their cheerful and prompt obedience of every order. While all are deserving of praise I have had occasion to make par- ticular note of the gallant conduct of Capt. John K. Pollock, Com- pany C; Capt. Charles E. Rowan, Company F; First Lieut. Halsey H. Richardson, Company E; Actg. Adjt. C. W. Earle, and Sergt. Maj. Charles A. Partridge. Herewith I append a complete list of our casualties during the campaign. They sum up as follows: Killed, 19; wounded and since dead, 21; total, 40. Wounded, not mortally, 81; missing, 9. Grand total, 130 Page 255 Ca~. LI REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 255 This is somewhat less than the sum total of casualties mentioned in the partial reports which have been called for from time to time during the campaign, for the reason, that a number have been twice and thrice wounded, and so reported each time, but in this report they are accounted for but once. [GE ORGE HICKS, Commanding Regiment.] Capt. H. F. TEMPLE, Major, A. A. A. G., 2d Brig., 1st Div., 4th Army Corps. No. 22. Report of Lieut. Gol. Augustus U. Tassin, Thirty-fifth Indiana Infantry, of operations July 1September 8. HDQRS. THIRTY-FIFTH INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Atlanta, Ga., September 10, 1864. CAPTAIN: In compliance witk circular of September 10, I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the Thirty-fifth Regiment Indiana Infantry Volunteers during the re- cent campaign, from July 1, 1864, to the fall of Atlanta: On July 1 the regiment was stationed in front of Kenesaw Moun- tain, Ga., occupying a reserve position in rear of the second line of our works. On the evening of the 2d the regiment changed posi- tion to the left with the brigade, taking the place of the Second Division, Fourth Corps, which moved out. The following morning, the enemy having evacuated their position on Kenesaw Mountain, the regiment took the line of march in pursuit, passing through Marietta, coming up again with the enemy about four miles south of that place. Here the brigade was ordered to halt for the night, the Thirty-fifth being detailed to picket the brigade front. Early next morning orders were received to advance our lines with a view to drive back the enemys skirmishers, capture their rifle-pits, if possible, and thereby check an enfilading fire which seriously annoyed the troops on our right. The length of our lines at this time was about 500 yards, and extended through a thick wood bordering an open field, in the center of which some 300 yards in our front the enemys rifle [pits] could plainly be seen. The command being given to advance, the men rushed forward with a cheer, keeping up an in- cessant running fire until they reached the enemys pits, which they took possession of, capturing I officer, 15 enlisted men. The troops on our left failing to advance, left us exposed to a galling flank fire, but the men unflinchingly held their ground until relieved by a pdr- tion of the Forty-fifth Ohio. I cannot speak too highly of the con- duct of my officers and men on this occasion. Our total loss in the action, which lasted one hour and a half, was 4 enlisted men killed, and 6 wounded. On the following day we followed the retreating enemy to a point near the Chattahoochee River, where we remained iii reserve until July 10, when with our division the regiment moved to the left, and on July 12 crossed the river, occupying a position in front of the Twenty-third Corps. We remained here until July 18, when the regiment was ordered to report to the corps supply train for duty. Nothing of importance transpired while with the train. On the 30th of August the regiment was relieved from duty with th Page 256 256 .~ THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. train and ordered to report immediately to the brigade. Reported to the brigade on the same day; found the troops to the rear of Atlanta. The same night the Thirty-fifth supported the skirmish line, and on the morning of the 31st advanced a short distance in support of the line, when the regiment was ordered to rejoin the brigade; during this time sharp skirmishing was going on in our front. After moving forward with the brigade to an open field, we formed in line of battle in the second line. One hour later, with the Twenty-first Kentucky, the Thirty-fifth advanced. About the same time the enemy retreated from our front. Camped that night within one and a half miles of the Macon railroad. On the following morning, September 1, advanced along the railroad, destroying it as we went; came upon the enemy late in the evening going into posi- tion on the left of Kings brigade. The regiment was under a heavy fire, which continued until dark. We had 2 men wounded on this occasion. The following morning moved after the retreating foe, passing through Jonesborough, and came up with enemy two miles soutli of the town. Our division moved to the left through a broken country and came upon the enemys right about night-fall. While in this position the enemy shelled o~u~ lines with some effect. The regiment had 1 man wounded. The same evening the Thirty-fifth supported the skirmish line, and on the following morning went into position on the left of the Forty-fifth Ohio in the front line. Re- mained in this position until the night of September 5, when agree- able to orders we quietly withdrew, moved back to Jonesborough, going into camp about 3 a. m. 6th instant. The following day moved to Rough and Ready, some ten miles from Jonesborough. Arrived in Atlanta on the 8th, and moving about one ana a half miles north- west of town went into camp. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. G. TASSIN, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. H. F. TEMPLE, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Second Brigade. No. 23. Report of Brig. Gen. William Grose, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FIRsT Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Atlanta, Ga., September 5, 1864. SIR: I, in completion of my duties in connection with the arduous campaign just closed, have the honor to report the part taken therein by my commandthe Fifty-ninth Illinois Colonel Post; Seventy- fifth Illinois, Colonel )3ennett; Eighty-fourth Illinois, Colonel Waters; Eightieth Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Kilgour ; IN inth Indiana, Colonel Suman; Thirty-sixth Indiana, Lieutenant-Colonel Carey; Thirtieth Indiana, Captain Dawson; Seventy-seventh Penn- sylvania, Capt. J. J. Lawson, to which was attached Battery B, Pennsylvania. Effective force, officers and men, about 2,900. By orders from Major-General Stanley, division commander, we marched with the balance of his command on the 3d day of May, 1864, from our camp at Blue Springs, near Cleveland, Tenn., to Re Page 257 C~p. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 257 Clay, on the Georgia line, and camped for the night. May 4, marched with the division to Catoosa Springs, Ga. (with light skirmishing), for concentration with the army, where we rested untilMay 7, when we marched with the corps, drove the enemy from and took possession of Tunnel Hill, Ga. For severai succeeding days we advanced upon and ineffectually endeavored to drive the enemy from Rocky Face Ridge in our front. My position was on the left of the rail and wagon roads leading through Buzzard Roost Gap, on the Dalton road. The enemy had strongly fortified this pass and the high ridge on either side. I had some previous knowledge of the position, and knew that it was impregnable to onr assaults; but in obedience to orders we frequently made the attempt with a heavy skirmish line, at which my loss was about 40 men. Finally, a portion of our army having passed the ridge farther south, on the morning of the 13th of May it was found that the enemy had retreated from onr front, when I was ordered and moved in pursuit on the Dalton road, but soon came up with the rear guard of the enemy and skirmishing commenced. We drove them to and through Dalton, my forces (the Ninth and Thirty-sixth Indiana) the first to enter the place so long a stronghold of the enemy. We continued the pursuit, and about 12 in., three miles south of Dalton, on the Resaca road, we came upon the enemy in line upon a high wooded hill. As we approached be opened upon us with a battery of artillery. Our artillery was placed in position, and a heavy duel commenced across a large open farm with a low valley between. The Ninth and Thirty-sixth Indiana, supported on the right by the Eighty-fourth Illinois. were ordered into line and advanced across the valley double-quick under a heavy fire, ascended the wooded hill, drove the enemy from his barricades, and carried the place with very light loss. This was the last of our fighting for the day, and we advanced a few miles to right, entered Sugar Valley, and camped with the corps in line for the night. May 14, early this morning our corps moved toward the enemys position at Resaca, on the right bank of the Oostenanla River, Ga. At about 12 m. we came upon the enemy in position about three miles from the river. The face of the country rough and hilly, inter- spersed with small farms, but mostly heavy woodland with thick underbrush. I was directed and put my conimand in position in double lines on the left of General Hazens brigade, of General Woods division, the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, Eightieth Illinois, Seventy-fifth Illinois, and Thirtieth Indjana in front line. The ground was too rough for the artillery to move with us. About 1 oclock General Wood informed me he was ready to advance, and I had received orders to advance in connection with his division. The other two brigades of our division were to have been in line on my left, but did not come up, afid the lines advanced about 2 oclock, my brigade on the extreme left of the advancing lines. We drove the enemy from the woodland in which we formed, across a farm in my front through another woodland, then over another small val- ley farm, and over a high wooded hill beyond, npon which we were ordered to halta farm in a valley to our front, and the enemy for- tified on the wooded hills beyond. Here I caused barricades to be constructed in front of my front line. Late in the afternoon the other two brigades of our div~tsion came up and took position on my left. The enemy, near night, advanced upon them and drove them back. When I discovered them giving way I immediately formed 17 R RvOL Xxxviii, PT Page 258 25S THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. a line from my rear regiments facing to my left perpendicular to the rear to protect the left flank of the main line. This new formation was made by the Fifty-ninth Illinois, one wing of the Eighty-fourth Illinois, and Thirty-sixth Indiana. It was formed and ready for ac~ tion, with skirmishers out, in less than ten minutes. Our batteries in the mean time had been brought up and put into position. under the command of the gallant, brave, and lamented Captain Simon- son, of the Fifth Indiana Battery, on the left of this flank line; but the enemy moved rapidly forward toward and to the left of the bat- teries, with, as he thought no doubt, a sure prize before him; but the ever ready Maj. Gen. Joe Hooker was advancing with his corps at the point, and met the advancing enemy, engaged, and drove him back with severe punishment. My front line was engaged at long range with the enemy while the fight with Hooker was going on. Night soon threw her mantle over the bloody scene, and all was quiet ex- cept continued skirmishing. In this days battle some o our bravest and best officers and men were among the fallen. My assistant in- spector-general, Captain Davis, of the Seventy-seventh I eunsylvania, brave and good soldier, fell here. May 15, Major-General Hookers corps advanced on my left, swinging around to assist, and a severe engagement ensued, in which we gained signal advantages, captur- ing prisoners and artillery, and the enemy had to retreat during the night, leaving most of his dead and wounded in our possession. May 16, we pursued the retreating enemy across the Oostenaula at Resaca, and advanced to near Calhoun and camped for the night. May 17, advanced, encountering the enemys rear with, heavy skir- mishing to near ,Adairsville, Ga., and halted for the night. My command not engaged to-day. May 18, passed Adairsville, the enemy retreating with light skirmishing, and camped for the night on the Kingston road. May 19, moved to Kingston, found the enemy in position; attacked and drove him. Most of the Fourth Corps engaged. My command captured the enemys hospitals, with prop- erty, & c. Continued to drive the enemy, with heavy skirmishing and artillery firing on both sides, so at night-fall theenemy was (Iriven into his prepared trenches on a high ridge to the southeast of Cassville. At this point we made a junction with the Twentieth Corps, Major-General Hooker, and during the night the enemy again retreated, crossing the Etowah River, seven miles distant, burning the bridges behind him. Our loss not heavy. We rested in .camp at Cassville until May 23, when we marched across the Etowah River, to the right of the Atlanta road, and camped at Enharlee. May 24, marched to Burnt Hickory. May 25, advanced toward Dallas; crossed Pntnpkin Vine Creek, rested in reserve in rear of Major-General Hookers corps, while he had heavy fighting in front late in the evehing. May 26, moved into posi- tion on left of Twentieth Corps, pressed close upon the enemys lines, and fortified four miles north of Dallas. May 27, changed position to left, relieving General Woods division. Close skirmish- ing all day. May 28, advanced, drove in the enemys outposts, and fortified. May 29, advanced the battery to front line; heavy skir- mishing; during the night the enemy attacked and was repulsed with heavy loss. We continued the varied scenes, some changes in position, with heavy skirmishing, until the night of June 4,.when the enemy with- drew from our front Page 259 C~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 259 June 6, marched with the corps east ten miles to within two and a half miles of Acworth, on the railroad, where we remained with comparative quietness until June 10, when we moved three miles southeast and found the enemy in strong position on Pine Mountain in my front. Skirmishing commenced and continued until the night of June 13, when the enemy retreated and my brigade ad- vanced upon the mountain early on the morning of June 14. On this mountain is where Bishop Polk , general of the rebel army, fell by a shot from the Fifth Indiana Artillery, Captain Simonson. The battery was in position at the front and right of my lines. We pursued the enemy two miles to his new position, and found him strongly fortified. June 16, advanced my lines of trenches, with hard skirmishing. On this day we had the sad misfortune to lose the brave and gallant officer, Captain Simonson, our chief of artillery. June 17, the enemy again withdrew; we pursued, Woods division in front, with heavy skirmishing. June 19, the enemy retired during -the night; we pursued, my brigade in advance. After proceeding two miles we came upon the enemy upon the east side of a large farm. My lines were formed for an attack. The Ninth and Thirty-sixth Indiana and Eightieth and Eighty-fourth Illinois, in the front line, advanced, and drove the enemy from his position and into his fortifications - upon Kene- saw Mountain and the adjacent hills. My loss was severe, particu- larly in officers; Lieutenant Bowman, Thirty-sixth Indiana, fell mortally wounded, bravely leading his men in the advance. June 20, contest continued, the enemy trying to hold and we to drive him from a swamp between our main trenches and his, in which we succeeded, but were compelled to abandon a portion of the ground, because of a destructive fire from the enemys artillery, bearing thereon from their main works, and during the evening of this day the Ninth Indiana, afterward relieved by the Fifty-ninth Illinois, were moved across the creek to the right to assist the Second Bri- gade (Gen~raFWhitaker). I have learned by the newspapers that the enemy made seven unsuccessful assaults on the hues of this bri- gade at this point. I will have to refer to the reports of Colonel Suman, Ninth Indiana, and Colonel Post, Fifty-ninth Illinois, for the facts in the premises, as they participated in whatever fighting took place. Inthese two days the losses in my command were very heavy. June 21, on this day I was ordered to send my rear regi- ments to the right of the division to support the First Brigade in an attack and critical position, and accordingly moved with the Eighty- fourth and Eightieth Illinois, Thirtieth Indiana, and Seventy- seventh Pennsylvania to the position indicated and placed in re- serve. June 22, moved with my whole brigade during the after- noon and night two miles to the right to support and relieve a part of the Twentieth Corps; took position in close proximity to the enemy and fortified. June 23, was ordered and made an attack on the enemys line, which was unsuccessful and with fearful loss to my skirmish line so heavily formed. Lieutenant Hendricks, Thirty- sixth Indiana, an accomplished young officer, fell dead in this attack, pierced by a minie-ball. June 24, 2~i, and 26, heavy firing at the enemys intrenched position 450 yards distant. June 27, heavy as- saults made upon the enemys lines at various points. My command was in one line, all in the trenches, and was not to advance, yet suf- fered considerable loss. The assault failed with heavy loss to our arms. Heavy skirmishing and artillery firing kept up on both side Page 260 260 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CnAP. L. until the night of July 2, when the enemy retreated under cover of the night and loosed their hold on Kenesaw Mountain and vacated Marietta. July 3, pursued the enemy early, my brigade in ad- vance. The Fifty-ninth Illinois, the first to enter Marietta, found the enemy in the evening five miles from that place ou the Atlanta road strongly intrenched. July 4, celebrated our national anniversary by a charge over a large corn-field, carried the enemys outer works, capturing many prisoners, with a loss of 89 killed and wounded in my brigade, and held the position until night, under the cover of which the enemy withdrew four miles to the Chattahoochee River. Captain Hale, brigade officer of the day, of the Seventy-fifth Illinois, one of the best officers in the army, fell here. July 5, pursued the enemy (Woods division in front) to the river. Continued skirmishing until July 10. Marched five miles up the iriver. July 12, crossed the Chattahoochee; marched down the left bank, and encamped at Powers Ferry, in front of the Twenty-third Corps; with our corps. Thirty-sixth Indiana commenced and built while here a trestle bridge over the river, which was completed on the 16th day of July. July 18; moved from Powers Ferry with corps to near Buck Head, south seven miles. July 19, advanced across Peach Tree Creek, Seventy-fifth Illinois in advance. Skir- mished and drove the enemy from the destroyed bridge and rebuilt the same. July 20, moved with division, Second Brigade in front; crossed south Peach Tree Creek and came upon the fortified posi- tion of the enemy. Went into position on the right of the Second Brigade, attacked the rifle-pits of the enemy, carried the same, taking 43 prisoners. July 21, advanced my sines, fortified, and skir- mished all day. At night the enemy retreated. July 22, pursued the enemy at 3 a. in.; came upon him in his fortifications at sunrise in front of Atlanta, Ga., on the north two miles from the center of the city. Took position. The balance of the division came up on the left, Woods division on the right. Here we intrenched, skir- mished with the enemy daily, took up his picket-line twice, captur- i~g the most of them, until July 27, Major-General Stanley being assigned to command the corps, I came in and assumed command of the division. August 5, relieved of command of the division and assigned as brigadier to the command of the brigade again. On this day, by orders from corps headquarters, the brigade attempted an assault on the enemys lines and lost 36 men. Among them was the brave Captain Walker, of the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, and the gallant young officer, Lieutenant Willard, Thirty-sixth Indiana. August 22, marched at 3 a. m. with six regiments two miles to the left, struck the enemys out picket-line, drove them, captured 8 prisoners, made a demonstration, and returned with small loss On the 15th of August the Eighty-fourth Indiana, Lieutenant- Colonel Neff, was transferred into my brigade, and the Fifty-ninth Illinois into the Second Brigade. With frequent skirmishing and changes of lines and positions of regiments this brigade substantially remained at the same position in the siege of Atlanta from the morn- ing of the 22d of July until the nighf of the 25th of August. We received orders and marched to the right, seven miles south across Proctors Creek, and rested until daylight on.the morning of August 26, when, starting at 8 a. in., we moved with corps seven miles south across Utoy Creek and camped for the night. August 27, marched four miles south with the corps to Camp Creek and camped Page 261 CHAP. L] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLANI). 261 August 28, marched tliree miles southeast to Red Oak Station, on West Point railroad, striking this road twelve miles southwest of the Atlanta. August 29, lay still and fortified. August 30, marched to Shoal Creek, distance five miles. August 31, the Army of the Tennessee fighting to-day in front and on the west of Jonesborough, Ga. Our corps advanced east, met cavalry behind works on the east bank of the Flint River. My brigade formedNinth Jndian~, Eighty-fourth Illinois, and Eighty-fourth Indiana in front lineand with a strong skirmish line drove the enemy from their position and advanced, Woods division in front, the Twenty-third Corps on our left, and both corps struck the Macon railroad about 4 p.m., and fortified the position. My command in line on the rig of the division; the Second Division (General Newton) extending my right; our corps fronting south. All quiet during the night. Sep- tember 1, our division marched at 6 a. in., First Brigade in advance, moving on the railroad toward Jonesborough; and under orders spent most of the day in the de~truction of the railroad as we advanced. At about 4p. m. the advanced brigade of our division made a junc- tion with the left of the Fourteenth Corps on the railroad at a point about two miles north of Jonesborough. The First Brigade formed in line, its right near or upon the railroad. I was ordered by General Kimball to prolong the left of the First Brigade, which I did without halting, until my advance was checked by getting into a thick bramble or underbrush and a swamp in a dense wood- land, through which it was impossible to ride; and the enemy with a heavy skirmish line in our front and his artillery in reach, playing upon us, contributed to impede our progress. The course or direc- tion when I entered the woods seemed to be about south, and upon emerging from it, at a distance of a half to three-fourths of a mile, the brigade to my right had shifted to the right to such an extent that I had to move to the right oblique to fill the space, and my left swinging around so that when my lines came upon the lines of the enemy behind barricades, my front was about southwest; and, by the time we got the line straightened up and the enemys skir- mishers driven back and the position of the enemy discovered, night came on; yet my linesSeventy-seventh Pennsylvania, Eighty-fourth and Eightieth Illinois, and Ninth Indiana in front linepressed for- ward under a heavy fire of cauister from the enemys guns to within 300 yards of their barricaded lines. When the fighting ceased at dark one of General Newtons brigades had moved up toward my left and his skirmish line connected with the left of my front battle line. The barricades of the enemy ceased opposite the left of my lines. During the night the enemy withdrew. September 2, at early day, I advanced my brigade into the enemys vacated works, issued rations, and marched in pursuit of the enemy on the road toward Lovejoys Station, my brigade in advance of our division; the Second and Third Divisions in advance of me. At about 1 or 2 p. m. our advance came upon the enemy~ and in the deploying of the column, I was ordered and moved to the left. Formed my lines Eighty-fourth Indiana, Eighty-fourth Illinois, and Seventy-fifth Illi- nois in the front linein a corn-field on the left of Colonel Knefiers brigade, of Woods division, and advanced rapidly as the ground would permit, it being very rough and hilly. We soon came upon the enemy in rifle-pits about 500 yards in advance of their main line of worksheavy trenches; assaulted and carried the pits, taking the most of the men in them prisoners. Our ad Page 262 262 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L vance skirmishers went beyond these pits toward the main works of the enemy, but were driven back with severe loss. Much of the injury I received here was from the enemys artillery with canister. Our artillery did not come up till the next day, nearly twenty-four hours after the fight. My front lines maintained their position at the lines pf these pits and fortified during the night. Colonel Taylors brigade soon came into position on my left. The los~s in my command during these last two days was 90 killed and wounded. Among the latter were Captain Brinton, my acting assistant adjutant-general, severely wounded in his arm; Major Phillips, Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, arm off; Captain Fellows and Captain Taylor, Eighty-fourth Indiana, all fell bravely at their posts. September 3, no change in position to-day, but much firing at each others lines. with some casualties; remained so until the morning of September 5, then twenty-six miles east of south of Atlanta, in front of Lovejoys, a station on the Macon railroad, seventy-five miles from the latter p lace, when orders were received announcing that the campaign had ended, and that the army would fall back to Atlanta, rest for one month, and prepare for a fine winters campaign. Thus ended the most eventful and successful campaign in the his- tory of the war. The enemy driven from Dalton, his stronghold, over rivers and mountains, natural strong military positions, one after another were yielded up to the strong arms of our power until the Gate CityAtlanta was at last vacated to the onward march of our brave and gallant armies. It is due to the officers and men of my command to notice in terms of gratification to myself and commendation tQ them, that better soldiers I never wish nor expect to command; all ready and willing to obey every order without regard to fatigue, peril, or danger, without halt or hesitation. Many acts of distinguished valor could be mentioned that came under my immediate observation and notice, but they are so numerous it would be impossible to do full justice to all. The effective force of my command during the campaign was as follows: May 30 including battery), 2,753; June 30 (including battery), 2,739; July 31 (including battery), 2,395; August 31 (without battery), 1,979. Reeapitulation of ca8ualties during the campaign. Killed - Wounded. - Missing. T~tal killed woun4ed. Command. be a a a a C ~ C ~ C ~ C ~ 50th Illinois Volunteer Infantry 10 1 53 2 1 63 66 75th Illinois Volunteer Infantry .~ 1 10 4 53 5 63 68 80th Illinois Volunteer Infantry 13 5 68 5 81 86 84th Illinois Volunteer Infantry 12 1 74 1 1 86 88 9th Indiana Volunteer Infantry 17 8 87 8 104 112 80th Indiana Volunteer Infantry 7 6 63 7 6 76 89 86th Indiana Volunteer Infantry 3 D 2 52 5 61 66 77th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry 2 7 6 77 3 8 87 98 84th Indiana Volunteer Infantry 3 3 24 1 3 28 32 Independent Battery B 1 1 1 13 2 14 16 Total 7 89 37 564 2 12 44 666 71 Page 263 c~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 263 This presents the bitter of such a brilliant campaign and leaves many aching hearts, not only with families and friends at home, but these fallen heroes will ever be remembered and lamented by their comrades in arms, as the jewels sacrificed upon the altar of their country. A change of provost-marshals inadvertently deranged the papers, so I am unable now to give an accurate list of the prisoners captured by my command during the campaign, but the probable number was about 500 to 600. From my situation, I have been unable to have the reports of reg- imental commanders before me, and will respectfully refer to theni, to be forwarded herewith, for more minute particulars, and for a list of casualties in their respective commands. I am, captain, your most obedient servant, & c., W. GROSE, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. E. D. MASON, Assistant Adjutant-General, First Division. No. 24. Report of Gol. P. Sidney Post, Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry, corn manding Third Brigade, of operations July 27August 7. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FIRST Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Atlanta, Ga., September 15, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit a report of the operations of the Third Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, while under my command, from the 27th day of July to the 7th of August, 1864: The brigade consisted of the following regiments: Eight y -fourth Regiment Illinois Infantry, commanded by Colonel Waters ;S eventy- fifth Regiment Illinois Infantry, commanded by Colonel Bennett; Ninth Regiment Indiana Veteran Infantry, commanded by Colonel Suman ; Seventy-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Infantry, commanded by Colonel Rose; Thirtieth Regiment Indiana Veteran Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Hurd; Thirty-sixth Regiment Indiana Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Carey; Fifty-ninth Regiment Illinois Veteran Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Hale; Eightieth Regiment Illinois Infantry, commanded by Major Stookey. The brigade occupied about three- quarters of a mile front in the intrenchments north of Atlanta. On the 28th day of July, in accordance with orders received, I ad- vanced the right of the skirmish line, consisting of details from all the regiments occupying and permanently holding part of the enemys rifle-pits, and capturing 3 prisoners. On the 3d day of August, having strengthened the skirmish line with two companies from the Eighty-fourth Regiment Illinois Infantry, I ordered an advance along the whole line, for the purpose of dislodging the enemy from their rifle-pits. This movement was concerted with the brigades on my right and left. The advance was most gallantl Page 264 264 THE ATLANTk CAMPAIGN. [Ca& p. L. made, few shots being fired on our part until the rifle-pits were al- most reached, and the enemy had broke and were fleeing. The pioneers were immediately ordered forward, and the rifle-pits were turned against their late occupants. The brigade on our right, which advanced simultaneously as ordered, after reaching the enemys line wa~ almost immediately driven out and fell back to its original position, while the brigade on the left did not succeed in making any advance; nevertheless, refusing the right and left, we stubbornly held the position gaiiied, and repulsed two attempts of the enemy to retake the work. There being no advantage to be gained by a single brigade holding so advanced a position, Major- General Stanley, commanding the corps, ordered me to withdraw from it, which I accordingly did at night-fall, after the foe had ceased his attempts to retake it, the earth-works having first been leveled and the pits filled up. In this affair we captured 26 prison- ers, includilig 2 commissioned officers, having s~istained a loss of but 2 wounded. In order to distract the enemys attention from a real attack to be made by the right of our army, on the 5th day of August I again received orders to attack, and drive him from his rifle-pits in my front. For this purpose I strengthened the skirmish line with five companies of the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Veteran Infantry, under the command of Major Phillips. The artillery along our line opened furiously, and the enemy, evidently suspecting our inten- tions, were seen to heavily re-enforce their outer line. At the hour designated our skirmishers moved resolutely forward under a gall- ing fire, but without the slightest hesitation or wavering they cap- tured the pits, which they found so near the enemys main line as to render an attempt to hold them out of the question, and they there- fore withdrew at once. In this attac~k the brigade lost 36 men killed, wounded, and missing, including Lieutenant Willard, of the Thirty- sixth Indiana Infantry, mortally wounded, and that faithful and gallant officer, Captain Walker, of the Seventy-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Infantry, who was killed, falling near the enemys works. For a list of casualties I refer to the several reports of the regi- mental commanders. The rare ability and reliability of the officers commanding the several regiments of this brigade, the exact discipline which the preserved, the soldierly qualities of the men under their comman their ease of combined movement, and esprit de corps, render the duties of a brigade commander but an easy task. I tender my thanks to the regimental commanders for their cheerful and intelli- gent co-operation which also made that task for me the greatest pleasure. I commend their meritorious services to the consideration of my superiors and to the gratitude of my countrymen. The several members of the brigade staff deserve mention for their fearless conduct in the affairs of the 28th of July, the 3d and 5th of August, and for the hearty and efficient assistance rendered me. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. SIDNEY POST, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. E. D. MASON, Asst. Adji. Gen., First Div., Fourth Army Corps Page 265 Cuii.. L.] REPORTS, ETO.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 265 No. 25. Report of Cot. John E. Bennett, Seventy-fifth Illinois Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations September 48. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FIRST Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Atlanta, Ga., September 15, 1864. CAPTAIN: In compliance with orders received from headquarters First Division, Fourth Army Corps, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Third Brigade, First Di- vision, Fourth Army Corps, iii the recent campaign, since Septem- ber 4, when I assumed command of the brigade, in accordance with orders from Brigadier-General Kimball, commanding First Division, Fourth Army Corps. September 4, on assuming command of the brigade I found it in position in front of the enenmy, the right resting on the left of the Third Division. September 5, I received orders from headquarters First Division, Fourth Corps, to have my command in readiness to move at 8 p. m. to Jonesborough and take up the same posi- tion occupied on entering that place. The order for march: The Second Brigade, Colonel Taylor, first; the First Brigade, Colonel Kirby, second; the Third Brigade, Colonel Bennett, third. The hour arriving my command was in readiness, moving with the col- umn. I arrived at Jonesborough September 6 at 3 a. m. Owing to the darkness and great fatigue of my men, I asked permission of General Kimball to camp my command in front of the works built and occupied by my brigade on entering the town on September 1. It was granted, with instructions to occupy the works at early dawn, which was complied with. September 6, my command lay quiet all day, occupying the works; nothing unusual transpired. In the evening I received orders to have my command in readiness to move at 7 a. in. on the 7th instant. September 7, my command moved at 7 a. m. in the advance of the division, going into camp 3 p. in., near Rough and Ready Station. Nothing of note occurred during this day. In the evening I received orders to march at 7 a. m. on the morning of the 8th to Atlanta. September 8, my command moved at the hour appointed, following the First Brigade, Colonel Kirby. Arriving on the ground in rear of Atlanta, formerly occu- pied by a portion of the Army of the Tennessee, at 1 oclock, I took position as directed by General Kimball, which ground is at present occupied by my command. In the absence of General Grose I am unable to give a report prior to the date herein given. No comments are needed on the officers and men composing this brigade for the few days they were c5mmitted to my orders. Closing the campaign, I must say, with due respect to each and every one, that they performed their duties nobly, as men and soldiers. An official report from General Grose, in combination with all the movements, will be forwarded as soon as received at these head- quarters. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, JOHN E. BENNETT, Colonel, C~ornmanding Brigade. Capt. E. D. MASON, Asst. Adjt. Gem., First Div., Fourth Corps Page 266 266 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. No. 26. Report of Gol. John E. Bennett, Seventy-fifth illinois Infantry. HDQRS. SEVENTY-FIFTH JLLINO[s VOL. INFANTRY, Near Atlanta, Ga., September 13, 1864. CAPTAIN: In compliance with orders received from headquarters Third Brigade, I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Seventy-fifth Illinois Volunteers in the recent cam- paign resulting in the capture of the city of Atlanta: On the morning of May 3, 1864, in obedience to the order of Col. William Grose, commanding brigade, this regiment marched from Blue Springs, Teun., in the direction of Red Clay, Ga., at which place the command went into camp for the night. At 6 a. m. the next day moved toward Dalton, and in the afternoon formed line of battle and bivouacked near Catoosa S p rings. Again, on the morn- ing of the 7th, moved to Tunnel Hill, formed line of battle, and ad- vanced upon the enemy, who were behind works, but they soon evac- uated them, leaving our troops in possession of the town and works. At an early hour the next morning, May 8, this regiment advanced in front line down the valley, driving in the rebel skirmishers till within range of the enemy, who was strongly intrenched on Rocky Face Ridge. This regiment was only engaged occasionally at skir- mishing till the morning of 13th of May, when it was ascertained that the enemy had evacuated. A company of this regiment which was on picket advanced and occupied the enemys works and joined the column moving through the town of Dalton. A short distance south of the town we came upon the rear guard of the retreating foe, who were shelling our advance. This regiment was thrown forward as skirmishers and captured a rebel captain. At night went into camp a2bout eight miles south of Dalton. At early dawn on the morning of May 14 advanced toward Resaca. At noon came upon the enemy in force. One company was deployed as skirmishers; capture 1 prisoner and drive back the enemy to his works; 1 man was killed and 2 badly wounded. At daylight on the morning of the 15th the Thirtieth Indiana relieves this regiment from front line. At about noon the men sling knapsacks and move on double-quick to support the front line, while all along the line is a heavy engage- ment. The enemy having evacuated, on the morning of the 16th, we receive orders to move; pass through the works of the enemy to Resaca. Here we halt for dinner, then move on and camp four miles south of the town. The next day we pass through Calhoun. At the town of Adairsville the enemy holds his position till dark- ness again gives him an opportunity to escape. 18th, pass through Adairsville. On the 19th agaiw came upon the enemy. One com- pany is deployed as skirmishers, who push forward, driving the enemy before them, till near the town of Cassville; 1 sergeant is seriously wounded. At night form line and build works. Here we rest until noon of May 23, when we are moving southward; cross the Etowah River, and encamp about three miles south of it. The next day move on through mud and woods and rain and reach Burnt Hickory Ridge at about 2 a. m. of the 24th. The next morning at 9.30 have orders to move. We push on toward Dallas, whik~ we hear heavy firing. Form line of battle, the Seventy-fifth in second line, and take no active part till the 27th May, the regiment has a sharp skirmish; 1 man is wounded. Soo Page 267 CHAP. Li REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 267 after daylight we are reliev.ed to take a new position at the left. Strengthen the works and lay behind them till June 1, when we move one-fourth mile to the left. While getting into position have 1 man wounded. Here again we strengthen works and remain in them, doing only picket duty. One man killed on the 4th of June. On the morning of the 5th the enemy had again evacuated and we follow toward Acworth and go into camp near the town and remain till the morning of June 10. Yv e march in a drenching rain about four miles, come upon the enemy, form line, and build temporary works. At daylight the regiment moves to the front; have 1 man wounded. Again, on June 15, we find no enemy in our front. In the afternoon, having come upon the enemy, the Seventy-fifth Illi- nois Volunteers move in second line, joining the Eightieth Illinois on the left and Ninetieth Ohio on the right. At night on the 16th this regiment, under cover of the darkness, make good works on the skirmish line, but the next morning, the 17th, leave them and move forward to occupy those of the enemy, which he has evacuated. This regiment is in reserve till the 19th June. After moving through the abandoned works of the~ enemy on that day one com- pany is sent forward as skirmishers, boldly charge across a cleared field, killing, capturing, and driving a heavy line of skirmishers from their works, with the loss of 4 men seriously wounded. On the 21st of June this regiment is relieved by a portion of the Four- teenth Army Corps from the skirmish line and take a new position and, in a drenching rain, are hard at work ~rhen the enemy opens a terrific fire of artillery from three different directions. A number of the shells pass through our uncompleted works, wound- ing 4 men. On the 22d the wbrks are strengthened and occupied. At this point the lines were so far advanced that the battery of the enemy sent the missiles directly at the left flank of the regiment. We were compelled to lie under this galling lire, hav- ing 1 man killed and 1 badly wounded. On June 23 the Four- teenth Army Corps relieves this part of the Fourth Arm y Corps, the latter taking position about two miles to the right. Sent one company on picket, who drive back the rebel skirmishers. The enemy then charge on this line with a line of battle, compelling our line to retire to its old position, with the loss of 1 first sergeant captured. On the 24th of June this regiment relieves the Thirtieth Indiana from the front line. Send one company on picket. We were so close to the main works of the enemy that no part of a per- sons body could be exposed above the works only as a mark for the rebel sharpshooters. Second Lieut. Richard L. Mangaii, Company D, receives gunshot wound, causing amputation of left leg. The casualties of that day were 3 men wounded and 2 killed. On the morning of June 27 our forces are massed for an assault on the works of the enemy in our immediate front, this division (the First) remaining in position for any emergency. July 3, in obedience of brigade commander, this regiment marched toward Marietta, passing the town at about noon. At night we again came upon the enemy, form line, build temporary works in an exposed position, and had 3 men wounded. On the morning of the 4th of July the two armies are facing each other, ours in readiness for the attack. At about 10 a. m. one company, under command Lieut. James H. Blodgelt, Company E, was sent forward as support to the skirmish line, which was to charge in a cleared field. After advancing about one-half mile to a ravine, the whole line halted to dress it. At this time i Page 268 268 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CH~. L. was in close proximity to the first line of the enemy, who were be- hind good works, when the order was given by the brigade com- mander for the front line of skirmishers to move forward to renew the attack. For some reason, the men did not proceed. At the com- mand given to Lieutenant Blodgett by the brave Captain Hale, Com- pany I, who was on duty as brigade officer of the day, the company from the Seventy-fifth Illinois Volunteers took the advance and on double-quick charged on the rifle-pits of the enemy, killing and cap- turing nearly all of the enemy in them. Only one man left the Seventy-fifth skirmish company, and he to conduct to the rear the prisoners. The number of prisoners taken cannot be correctly stated, as little notice was taken of disarmed men or of anything but to obey the orders of the commanding officers. All the ground gained was stubbornly held. The regiment lost 7 wounded, and Capt. Robert Hale, of Company I, killed. At daylight on July 5 we find the works of the enemy evacuated, and were in readiness to move toward the Chattahoochee River. We go into camp on the right bank at 4 p. m. Here the command rests, only doing picket duty, till the 10th July. One man was w& inded on the 7th by a shot from the enemy on the opposite bank. On the 11th of July we mov~ up the river, cross it. On the 12th go into camp, wait orders till 18th of July, when at daylight again ready to march. At 2 a. m. July 19 receive orders from brigade commander to move out as a reconnoit- ering party on the Decatur road as far as Peach Tree Creek. Two companies were sent in advance of the column. They reached the cree a about 9 a. in., and placed two sentinels on the opposite side. At this point no enemy was discoverea. Two niounted men, wear- ing the uniform of U. S. soldiers, advanced within a few rods of these sentinels and refused to obey their orders. When ordered to halt, wheeled and rode off at a rapid rate. The sentinels discharged their pieces, wounding both of the men. The regiment was entirely without support, the troops of the Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, having marched to the rear on the Atlanta road. CompanX A, commanded by Captain Parker, was placed on picket on this roa and discovered the enemy in force on the south bank of Peach Tree Creek, making works. A few shots were exchanged, but no attempt to advance was made until the balance of the Third Brigade joined us. The whole command then crossed the creek, formed line, and make good works. On the 20th the Eighth Kansas Volunteers take our place; we move to the left, take position in second line; have 1 man killed. On July 21 change position; 1 man of the picket company is wounded. At 3 a. m. July ~2 aroused for move. At daylight pass through the enemys works. After a short march come within sight of the city of Atlanta. A company of skirmishers, commanded [by] Lieut. P. 5. Bannister, Company C, moved forward and drive the enemy into his works. Sergt. Martin L. Johnson, Company I, was killed, and 2 other men wounded. On the 23d of July Capt. William S. Frost, Company E, while in command of the picket company, was wounded in leg. On the 26th of July the Seventy-fifth Illinois Volunteers moves into position on the front line at the extreme left of the Fourth Army Corps. The regiment does not change position until on August 25 at 11 p. m. it moves with the army on the last grand flank movement of Major-General Sherman, by which the city of Atlanta fell into Federal hands. I was detailed as corps officer of the day, and to me was committe Page 269 ~. L.] REPORTS, ETO.ARMY OF THE OUMBERLAND. 269 the difficult and important task of drawing in the pickets of the corps and covering the movement, a duty which I accomplished withontthe loss of a single man. The regiment, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Kilgour, was put on picket on the morning of the 26th and covered the move- ment of troops south from the suburbs of the city on that morning. Shortly after daylight the regiment while on picket was opened on by heavy artillery from a fort on the southwest side of the city, and soon after the enemy appeared in sight, moving out to the attack in line of battle, with skirmishers in advance, driving before them the Eighty-first Indiana Volunteers, who were also on picket deployed on our right. The Seventy-fifth Illinois Volunteers was immediately moved to the support of the Eighty-first Indiana Volunteers and held the rebels in check until a regiment of the First Brigade (the Thirty-eighth Illinois) came to our assistance, when the enemy was driven from the field toward the city in confusion. In this skirmish we captured 1 prisoner, killed 2, and wounded 2 of the enemy. Maj. Janies A. Watson, Seventy-fifth Illinois Volunteers, rendered efficient services in this affair. This regiment continued with the brigade until the 28th, when we formed line of battle and took posi- tion on the Atlanta and Montgomery Railroad, which, on the morn- ing of the 29th, we proceeded to destroy. Three regiments were placed under my command, to wit, Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers and Thirty-first Regiment Indiana Volunteers, for the execution of the work, and the Seventy-fifth Illinois Volunteers, under comniand of Lieutenant-Colonel Kilgour, performing their portion of the work to the satisfaction of their division commander. On the 30th moved with the brigade, the Seventy-fifth Illinois in the advance of the whole division, to the junction of the dirt road to East Point, where the regiment was placed on picket and to act as rear guard to the division after it had passed that point. On Au- gust 31 moved with the column till 10 a. iii., when the enemy were discovered in front, when we formed line, and after a sharp skir- mish the enemy were driven fyom their works, and the column moved on in the direction of the Macon and Atlanta Railroad. September 1, at 1 a. m. the regiment moved to the left of the corps under orders from the brigade commaiider. I was also ordered to take charge of the pioneers of the division, and proceed to tear up and destroy the Macon and Atlanta Railroad, which was accom- plished in the most thorough manner. Continued to move south on the railroad, destroying it as we moved, till 4 p. in., when we formed line on the left of the Fourteenth Army Corps, at Jonesborough. We advanced under a sharp fire of artillery and musketry, driving the enemy till dark, losing I wounded, shot through the lung. During the night the enemy evacuated Jonesborough. On the morning of the 2d moved south and found the enemy in position in force at Lovejoy~s Station; formed line and moved into action at 3 p. m. We steadily advanced in line of battle, driving the enemy three-quarters of a mile, till within reach of theii~ works. I was then ordered to form my regiment to move across an open field and take a hill or eminence from the enemy, which was the key to their position and which commanded the enemys main line of works. This movement was executed under the eyes of both brigade (Geii- eral Grose) and division (General Kimball) commanders, and was performed under a most terrific fire of artillery and musketry, the regiment moving with precision and alacrity leaving none behind Page 270 270 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Cm. L. except the dead and wounded. The hill was gallantly carried and firmly held, as well as the first line of the enemys works, cap- turing nearly the whole force of their skirmishers in front of the regiment. The skirmishers under Lieutenant Blodgett, Company E, erformed well their part. Two men of this force, Draper S. An- gel , Company H, and John Nass, Company E, capturing and taking to the rear 8 prisoners. We held this position till 7 a. m. on the morning of the 3d, when we were relieved by the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers. On the 4th moved to Jonesborough, on the 6th to Cedar Bluffs, and on the 7th to our present camp on the Decatur railroad east of the city of Atlanta. During this long, wearisome campaign the officers and men were ever eager to obey all orders of their superior officers, doing their full duty at all times as patriot soldiers. Not an exceptiQn can be mentioned. In the death of Capt. Robert Hale, Company I, the regiment has lost one of its best officers, the country a valiant and patriotic soldier. He was respected and beloved by all who knew him, brave and fearless. He was wounded at Fort Donelson, again twice at Stones River, and received his mortal wound on the 4th of July. He died as he had lived, a Christian soldier and a gentleman. Herewith I inclose a list of the casualties during the campaign, which is as follows: Commissioned officerskilled, 1; wounded, 4. Enlisted menkilled, 11; wounded, 59; total, 75. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOfIN E. BENNETT, Golonel, Gommanding Seventy-fifth illinois Vols. Capt. H. W. LAWTON, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., 3d Brig., 1st Div., 4th Army Corps. No. 27. Report of lila]. James M. Stookey, Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry, commanding Eightieth Illinois Infantry, of operations June 7 September 8. HDQRS. EIGHTIETH REGT. ILLINOIS INFTY. VOLS., Atlanta, Ga., S& ptember 12, 1864. SIR: In compliance with orders received from headquarters Third Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Eightieth Reg- iment of Illinois Infantry Volunteers during the late campaign, from the 7th of June (when I assumed command, in compliance with orders from headquarters Third Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps) up to present date: From the 7th of June to the 9th the regiment remained in bivouac near Acworth, Ga. On the 10th, at 8 a. in., marched in advance of brigade until ordered by General Grose to report to General Stan- ley, who directed me to take a position on the right of the Fifth Indiana Battery, as support for it, connecting the left of my skir- mish line with the right of the Fourteenth Army Corps. I did so, and found that I was immediately in front of Pine Mountain. At night built works in my position. From 11th to 13th, inclusive, re- mained in works Page 271 L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 271 On 14th, at 6 p. in., moved 300 yards to the left and front into old works, which it was found necessary to strengthen, while the left wing had to build new works. On the 15th marched into enemys works on Pine Mountain, following Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteer Infantry. Halted and remained there until afternoon, then advanced by the flank a short distance, when we were formed in double column on the center, the Ninth Indiana on my right, and the Eighty-Wourth Illinois on my left. Advanced to the skirmish line, which was engaged, and, deploying in line, moved forward under fire and built works near enemys works.. During night my right wing had to give up its works for a battery and formed in rear. On 16th remained in same position all day, part of the time under heavy artillery fire. At daylight of 17th marched into enemys deserted works and formed in line on the right of Eighty-fourth Illinois Volunteers. By other troops passing us we soon became the rear line. In afternoon advanced and formed in line in reserve, with the Eighty-fourth Illinois Volunteers on my right. On 18th remained in reserve. On 19th marched through the enemys evacuated works, following the Eighty-fourth Illinois Volunteers. After marching one and one-half miles came up to rebel skirmish line. Company D, and a portion of K, were deployed as skirmishers, and the regiment was formed on left of brigade, my right connecting with Eighty-fourth Illinois. Advanced on the enemys lines, driving them steadily be- fore us across fields, swollen streams, and through brush till we came up to a hill in front of Kenesaw Mountain, where I built strong works. At dark advanced 250 yards over an open field and built works in good musket-range of the enemys works, still on the left of the brigade, my right connecting with the Eighty-fourth Illinois Volunteers. The loss during the day from the skirmish company of thirty men was heavy, being 2 killed and 7 wounded. We cap- tured 20 prisoners. On 20th remained in our works. Had to build traverses to protect the regiment from an enfilading fire of artillery which lasted all day and was very heavy at times. Some of the enemys shells passed through my works. Two men were wounded during the day, 1, however, from the premature explosion of one of our own shells. At dark were relieved by Seventy-seventh Pennsyl- vania, and went back to rear of brigade headquarters. While re- tiring had 1 man mortally wounded. On afternoon of the 21st marched in rear of Thirtieth Indiana, one mile to the right, to the support of the First Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, and formed on tl4e left of the Thirtieth Indiana in second line of works, which we strengthened. Had 2 men wounded. Remained in works till dark of the 22d, and then, following the Thirtieth In- diana, marched one mile to the right.. Formed as reserve line for the Eighty-fourth Illinois and built good strom~g works. From 23d to 26th, inclusive., remained in works. On 27th, at 3 a. in., marched to the front line and formed on the left of the Eighty-fourth Illinois in good works, and held them during the charge which was made on that day by a portion of the Second Division, Fourth Army Corps. In the afteruoon returned to our position as reserve line of the Eighty-fourth Illinois. Had 2 killed and 2- wounded on that day. Remained there during the 28th and 29th. On the 30th, at dark, marched to the right of brigade in front line and connected my left with Thirty-sixth Indiana Page 272 272 TIlE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L On 1st of July remained in our works under an artillery fire. On 2d was under fire during day, and at dark marched to left, and in re- serve line of brigade. Marched at daylight of the 3d in the rear of Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, through the enemys evacuated works, passing near Marietta, Ga. In the evening formed in line in front of the enemy on left of brigade, my right connecting with Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, and built works. My skirmish com- pany during the day captured 6 prisonePs. We marched during the day four miles. On the 4th, at 10 a. in., I was ordered by Colonel Grose to take the enemys rifle-pits in my front. I was given my points of direction, and was ordered to take my regiment out in front of the works, and when the brigade began to advance, I was to charge in supporting distance~ of the skirmish line. The regiment advanced in lin~e over an open field under a heavy fire in good order, and capturing the rifle-pits, built works where they had been. My loss during the day was 1 killed and 14 wounded. First Sergeant Weyrick, commanding my company of skirmishers, being wounded early in the day, First Sergeant Maxey took command and captured 30 prisoners. The rebels having fallen back during the night, marched at 10 a. m. of the next day on the railroad track, following the Seventy-sev- enth Pennsylvania to Chattahoochee River, seven miles, ~where we went into bivouac. From the 6th to 9th, inclusive, remained in bivouac. At noon of the 10th marched with brigade up the Chat- tahoochee six miles. On 11th remained in bivouac. Marched at daylight on the 12th with brigade across the river and bivouacked near Powers Ferry, Ga. From 13th to 17th, inclusive, remained in bivouac. On 18th marched to Buck Head, six miles. On 19th mai~ched with brigade to Peach Tree Creek, my regiment remaining on north side of creek to protect the flank of the brigade. On 20th, by direction of General Grose, crossed Peach Tree Creek and took ad vance of brigade, and soon came up with the enemy. Regiment formed in front line, under fire of the enemy, on the left of brigade, my left connecting with the Second Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps. In the evening my skirmish line captured some pris- oners. Atdark I built line of works on front line under fire. On 21st advanced my right wing and built works, and at night cut down timber in front. Advanced at daylight of the 22d, the enemy having fallen back. Came within view of Atlanta, and found the enemy. I was then placed in reserve. On 23d, 24th, and 25th remained in reserve. On 26th was moved by General Grose to the front line, the Thirty-sixth Indiana on my right, and Thirtieth Indiana on my left. From 27th of July to the 19th of August, inclusive, remained in trenches, some men l)eing wounded occasion- ally by artillery or oii the skirmish line during that time. on 20th, at 3.30 a. in., by d~ection of General Grose, I followed the Ninth Indiana around to the left, crossed Atlanta and Augusta Railroad, where our skirmishers met the enemys pickets, and we were ordered to their support. Marched in line, connecting my right with the Ninth Indiana, and occupying old works, held them, losing 2 men wounded. In afternoon returned to the works we had left in the morning. From 21st to 24th, inclusive, remained in works. Some wounded on skirmish line. On 25th marched at dark, following the Thirtieth Indiana. Withdrew from our works and marched around to the left. Bivouacked for the night after marching six miles. On 26th marched at 10 a. in.; skirmishing in our rear. Regiment marched as flankers for a short time, and then marched in road Page 273 Ca& v. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 273 Traveled six miles during day. On 27th marched to Camp Creek, where the regiment went on picket duty. On 28th marched in ad~ vance of brigade five miles and bivouacked for the night. On 31st marched one mile, when we came upon the enemy. Regiment was formed in second line on left of Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania for a short time, and then advauced by the flank, the enemy having been driven. Bivouacked for the night near the Macon and Western Railroad, having marched during the day six miles. On 1st of Septem- ber marched, following Thirtieth Indiana, to Macon railroad, on which we proceeded in the direction of Jonesborough, tearing up the track in four different places the length of the regiment. In the evening advanced in line under fire half mile through heavy brush nearly up to the enemys works. During the night built works. On 2d marched into rebels evacuated works at daylight, and by 8 a. m. were pursuing in the direction of Lovejoys Station. In the after- noon formed in line on the left of the Thirtieth Indiana, and ad- vanced over an open field under heavy artillery fire half a mile, where we halted near Lovejoys Station and built works on reserve line. Lost 2 men killed and 4 woQuded. On 3d and 4th remained in works. On 5th withdrew from works at dark and marched to Jonesborough through the mud. On 6th bivouacked near Jones- borough. On 7th marched to the vicinity of Rough and Ready Station, ten miles. On 8th marched at 7 a. in., following Thirtieth Indiana, to our present cam p near Atlanta. Since I assumed command the regiment has lost 15 killed and 46 wounded. During the campaign, 22 killed and 64 wounded; none captured. The officers and men of this regiment have conducted themselves bravely and patiently, enduring all manner of hardships during this campaign, and in no instance have I noticed any act of cowardice or skul in n the contrary, I have observed feats of heroism worthy of special mention in several cases. Lieut. Daniel McKenzie, with Company D, and detail from Com- pany K, on 19th of June, on skirmish line, drove the enemy from fortified positions and crossed the stream at the foot of Kenesaw Mountain, and ordered a line of battle to surrender, but being an- swered by a volley, was compelled to fall back with a loss of 2 killed and 7 wounded out of a company of thirty. The skirmish, commanded by First Sergeant Weyrick, and after he was wounded, by First Sergeant Maxey, drove more rebels from behind the works than they had in their line, with a loss of 1 killed and 5 wounded. Corpl. Isaac C. Smith, Company H, mounted one pit, and captured 3 prisoners single handed. My adjutant, James B. Newman, was very prompt in obeying~and having all orders executed under all circumstances, thus rendering me great assistance. My chaplain, John W. Lane, has been with the regiment during the campaign, ever ready for his duty in front line, as well as reserve. Capt. James Cunningham rendered valu- able service as acting field officer. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. STOOKEY, Major 59th illinois Vols., Comdg. 80th illinois Vols. Capt. H. W. LAWTON, Actg. Asst. Insp. Gen., 3d Brig., 1st Div., 4th Army Corps. 18 R HvOL xxxviii, PT Page 274 274 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. iNo. 28. Report of Got. Isaac C. B. Suman, Ninth Indiana Infantry. HDQRS. NINTH INDIANA VETERAN VOL. INFTY., Near Atlanta, Ga., September 10, 1864. CAPTAIN: In obedience to orders I submit the following report as to the part taken by my regiment in the late campaign, com- mencing May 3, 1864, and ending September 5, 1864: Left camp, Blue Springs, Tenn., May 3, 1864, and marched in the direction of Dalton, Ga.; reached Red Clay and encamped for the night. Reached Catoosa Springs at 2 p. m. May 4; remained at the above place all day of the 5th of May. On the mornihg of the 6th moved half a mile to the right and fortified. Marched at 5 oclock on the morning of the 7th due south; reached Tunnel Hill at 2 p. in., and there encamped for the night. May 8, moved forward about four miles; there was some skirmishing, and the enemy were driven through the gap leading to Dalton; remained in camp the rest of the day and night. May 9, remained in position until 2 p. in., when we moved three or four miles to the right, where we pitched our tents and encamped for the night. May 10, remained in camp until evening, when the whole brigade went on picket in the pass. Remained on picket all day of the 11th, and worked all night forti- fying. May 12, still on the front line; we had some lively skir- mishing. Company C had I man killed, and 2 wounded; were relieved at night from picket and commenced fortifying. The morn- ing of the 13th found the enemy gone; the brigade moved out, my regiment in the advance; met with but little resistance until we reached the vicinity of Dalton. My regiment forming the left of the advance, we charged the enemy about 12 in., who were posted on a hill, with two pieces artillery, and were successful in (Iriving them, with only 1 man wounded in the regiment. We then marched eight miles south of Dalton, and encamped for the night. On the 14th we followed the enemy in the direction of Resaca, and found them about five miles this side; passed the rest of the day in fortifying; built a line of works on a hill overlooking the enemys position; kept up a brisk firing from works all day, with the loss of 3 men killed and 4 wounded. May 16, the enemy having evacu- ated Resaca on the night of the 15th, we started in pursuit and fol- lowed the enemy about ten miles. My regiment captured 72 of the enemy, including 2 commissioned officers. May 17, marched to within two miles of Adairsville on duty as train guard. May 18, followed the enemy seven miles in the direction of Kingstom and encamped for the night. On the 19th drove the enemy about ten miles, passing through the village of Kingston. and encamped within one mile of Cassville, Ga. Our division was iii front and had considerable skirmishing. May 20, built a line of works in front of the position we occupied the night before, and remained there during the day. May 21 and 22, still in camp near Cassville, Ga. May 23, left camp near Cassville at 1.30 p. in.; we reached Carters- ville at 10 p. m. and encamped for the night. Moved oii the morning of the 24th at 6 a. in., and marched nearly all day in a southerly direction, crossing the Etowah River about 4 p. in.; marched about eight miles and encamped for the night. May 25, left camp at 6 oclock and marched about five miles in a southerl Page 275 O~. LI REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 275 direction, reaching camp about 10 p. m. May 26, left camp at 9.30 a. in., and marched in a southeasterly direction. We hastened to re-enforce General Hooker. The enemy having made a stand near Dallas, Cobb County, Ga., formed in line of battle about 7 p. in., and encamped for the night. May 27, the skirmishing commenced early this morning, and my regiment threw up a line of works; afterward were moved to the left, and took position on the front line, where we built another line ,of works. Casualties, 1 man killed and 1 wounded. Remained on front line during the night. May 28, still on the front line. May 29, hold the same position during the day and night, as yesterday; 1 man wounded. May 30, still occupy the same works; nothing but the usual skirmish firing; 1 man wounded. May 31, still in the same works; very heavy skir- mishing, but no general engagement. June 1, movedbefore day- light this morning one mile to the left, and relieved a part of General Whitakers brigade. June 2, held the same position during day and night. June 3, still in same works. June 4, moved one- half mile to the left, and relieved one of General Whitakers regi- ments on the front line. June 5, the enemy evacuated our front early this morning, our skirmishers occupying their works; we moved over the works and encamped for the night. June 6, marched at 6 a. m. in direction of the railroad, and encamped about three miles from Acworth. June 7, cleaned up cam p and arranged tents in proper order. June 8, still in camp; nothing of importance transpired. June 9, remained quiet in cam p all day and night. June 10, strucktents at 6 a. m. and marched about three miles in a southerly direction; came up with the enemy and formed line of battle, and encamped for the night. June 11, occupied the same position throughout the day; no fighting of consequence in our-front. June 12, still hold the same position as yesterday; nothing but skirmishing through the day. June 13, remained in the same place throughout the day; nothing but the usual picket-firing in our front. June 14, moved one-half mile to the left, and encamped for the night. June 15, the enemy evacuated our front early this morn- ing and were immediately followed, my regiment in advance of the division. After marching nearly three miles Company A came upon the enemy; it being deployed as skirmishers, we drove the enemy about one mile farther, when we stopped and built a line of works, and remained in them during the night. Casualties during the ilay, 2 men severely wounded. June 16, occupy the same position we held last evening, during the day and night. June 17, the enemy evacuated our front some time during the night, and were immedi- ately followed by our troops; only their left gave way that evening. Our line of battle was nearly at right angles with that of last even- ing, General Woods division in front. Ju.ne 18, we were in reserve during the day; the enemy were driven considerable distance by General Woods division. June 19, the enemy left our front during the night, and were soon after followed by our brigade, my regi- ment in advance of the brigade. We drove the enemy some two miles, built a line of works, and bivouacked for the night. Casualties in regiment, 3 men killed and 11 wounded. June 20, held the posi- tion occupied by us last night on the front line; during the afternoon advance dl our lines farther to the front and built another line of works; were relieved in the evening by the Fifty-ninth Illinois. Cas- ualties during the day in Niiith Regiment were 13 killed and wounded. Captain and Lieutenant Hodsden were among the wounded. Jun Page 276 276 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. 21, moved one mile to the right; the Third Brigade, in the rear, moved still farther to the right; encamped for the night; the enemy were driven a considerable distance to-day. June 22, moved to the right at about S p. m. and relieved a brigade of Hookers corps; built a line of works during the night. June 23, held the same posi- tion as the night before; kept up a constant fire with the enemy all day. Casualties during day, 1 man killed, 1 officer and 2 men wounded. . June 24, still hold the position occupied by us yester- day; no fighting of importance during the day. June 25, in same works as yesterday; nothing but regular picket-firing occurred; 1 man killed. June 26, all quiet during the day; still occupy the same works. June 27, still on front line~ were relieved at dark by the Fifty-ninth Illinois and retired to the rear line. June 28, remained in second line during the day; no fighting in our front. June 29, still on the second line; quite brisk skirmishing dur- ing the night; regiment was inspected in the afternoon. June 30, still remain in second line; no fighting in our front; regi- ment was mustered to-day. July 1, hold the same position on the second line. Nothing of im- portance transpired until evening, when a brisk cannonading was opened along our lines and continued a considerable time. July 2, remained in second line until evening, when the left wing moved to the front line, and one company was sent out for picket. July 3, the enemy evacuated our front during the night, and [his works] were soon after occupied by our troops. We followe~1 them through Marietta and three miles beyond, where they again made a stand. We ehcamped for the night. July 4, there was considerable fight- ing during the day. Our brigade charged over an open field, driving the rebels handso~ly, and captured a number of prisoners. We held our lines and constructed works. My regiment built three separate lines of works during the day. Relieved the Fifty-ninth Illinois on the front line just after dark, and worked all night on the works partially constructed by them. Our loss during the day was 1 officer and 9 privates wounded. July 5, the enemy evacuated our front during the night. We followed them closely to the Chattahoo- chee River, where they again made a stand. We took position on a hill overlooking the river and encamped for the night. July 6, re- mained in camp all day; nothing transpired in our front. July 7, arranged camp in proper order and prepared for a few days rest. July 8, still resting quietly in camp; moved about three miles up the river. July 9, 10, and lii, remained quietly in camp. July 12, moved across and some two miles down the Chattahoochee River, and again went into camp, our right resting on the river and running at right angles with it. Built a line of log works in front of the regiment. July 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, lay quietly in camp in same position. July 18, left camp at 6 a. m. and marched five miles in a southeasterly direc- tion, when we encamped for the night. July 19, marched to Peach Tree Creek, about three miles, over which we rebuilt a bridge which the enemy partially destroyed on their retreat. At dark we moved across the creek and encamped for the night. July 20, moved about three miles and took position on the front line. Forty-three of the enemy were captured by our skirmish line, in charge of Lieutenant Drullinger. Built two lines of works. July 21, occupied the position gained yesterday, but moved forward some distance in the forenoon and ~)uilt another line of works, which we held during the day. July 22, the enemy evacuated our front during the night. Our brigad Page 277 L.] REPORTS, EtC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 27T started in pursuit at 4 a. in., capturing 15 of the enemy. Found them in force within three miles of Atlanta. Formed in line and built works. July 23, occupied the position we fortified yesterday. July 24, 25, 26, and 27, remained in our position. Strengthened our fortifications, No fighting of importance in our front. July 28, 29, 30, and 31, things remained unchanged in our front. August 1 and 2, nothing of importance occurred on our front dur- ing the last two days. August 3, our skirmish line was advanced this afternoon, charging that of the enemy and capturing 30 prison- ers, but they massed their forces and compelled ours to fall back. Our loss slight. August 4, all quiet in our front to-day. August 5, skirmishers advanced and tried to drive in or capture the rebel skir- mish line, but failed. No loss in regiment. August 6, 7, 8, .9, and 10, all quiet in our front during these days. August 11,. demonstra- tion made on the picket-line by firing from rifle-pits; otherwise all quiet during the day. August 12 and 13, all quiet except occasional artillery firing. August 14, very heavy cannonading all night on our lines, the enemy replying but little. August 15 and 16, all quiet in our front. August 17, lines were extended to the left; the right did not move. A foraging party went out from the regiment and 2 of its members were captured. August 18, the enemy opened very briskly with siege guns and continued for nearly an h our. Our regiment went to the outer works and remained until dark. Received orders at midnight to move at early daylight to the front, but did not move. August 19, at midnight received orders to march to the left on a reconnaissance. At 3.30 a. m. of the 20th moved as ordered, our regiment in the advance. Found the rebels quite numerous three miles from camp, skirmished with them nearly two hours, and drove them one-half mile. Casualties in our regiment were Major Carter slightly and 2 privates of Company B mortally [wounded]. All was quiet during the rest of the day. August 21, 22, 23, and 24, all quiet except some cannonading in our front. August 25, marched nearly all night to the right; met with no resistance. Au?gust 26, marched nearly all day to the right; non- veterans left for home. August 27, marched until 2 p. m. Pitched camp near New Hope Church; skirmish firing along the lines. Au- gust 28, marched until dark. August 29, all quiet; marched but a short distance. August 30, crossed the West Point railroad; marched south of Atlanta; regiment went on picket at night. August 31, regiment on picket; artillery shelling the enemy; no fighting. September 1, marched south on the Macon railroad and was en- gaged in tearing up and burning track nearly all day. During the engagement in the evening the regiment had 8 men slightly wounded. September 2, enemy evacuated Jonesborough, Ga., and retreated south. We followed closely and found him strongly intrenched near Lovejoys Station. Charged the enemys works, but did not succeed in taking them. Heavy firing ceased at dark; nothing but picket- firing during the night. September 3, artillery firing all day; regi- ment lay in the trenches until dark, and then mov& 1 to the front line, relieving the Eighty-fourth Illinois and Eighty-fourth Indiana. Skirmishing all night. September 4, nothing but skirmish firing in our front; 1 man killed. September 5, skirmish firing very heavy; heavy cannonading toward night; 1 man mortally wounded. Com- menced falling back at 7.30 p. m. Marched all night and reached Jonesborough at dawn of day, distance of five miles. September 6, rested at Jonesborough during the day. September 7, moved fro Page 278 278 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [O~u.i. L Jonesborough at 8.30 a. in.; camped for the night seven miles from Atlanta. September 8, marched seven miles, passing through At- lanta, Ga., and encamped two miles east of town. I might here mention many daring and gallant acts of officers and men of my regiment, but every officer was at his post discharging his duty. I will here mention a few individual acts of gallantry of two enlisted men, Privates Moran and Wade, who on the morning of July 4 captured 11 rebels out of their rifle-pits; and on the evening of July 20 Sergeants Kennedy and Childs, with twenty men, cap- tured 43 rebels from their picket-line and 1 commissione~d officer. Many other daring acts of gallantry I might mention if time would permit. The medical staff of my regiment was always found at their posts, ready and willing to alleviate the sufferings of the wounded of all regiments. Too much praise cannot be given them for their unceas- ing labors. I am pained to record the death of Capt. D. C. Hodsden, who was wounded before Kenesaw Mountain. Major Carter and all the line officers of the regiment have my warmest thanks for their untiring services from the commencement of the campaign. The regiment lost 28 killed and 83 wounded and 2 missing, and the regiment captured from the enemy 5 commissioned officers and 288 enlisted men and several hundred stand of small-arms. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. C. B. SUMAN, Colonel Ninth indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry. [Capt. H. W. LAWTON.] No. 29. Report of Lient. Cot. Orrin D. Hurd, Thirtieth Indiana Infantry. HDQRS. THIRTIETH REGT. INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Near Atlanta, Ga., September 13, 1864. SIR: In compliance with communication received, I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by my regiment in the recent campaign: I joined the regiment with the veterans returning from furlough on the 6th day of May, 1864, near Tunnel Hill, Ga., which I believe was the commencement of the campaign. On the morning of the 7th of May my regiment moved with brigade in a southern direction a distance of four miles, our advance skirmishing continually with the enemy, and driving him to a position near Tunnel Station, where we formed in order of battle and bivouacked for the night, nothing of importance transpiring in which I had p art. Next morn- ing, the 8th of May, I was ordered to take position different from that which I held during the night, and in the general line. The line being formed, my regiment was formed in rear of the center of the brigade as supporting column. Here I lay until the next morning, 9th, at 8 oclock, when I was ordered to move with the Eighty- fourth Illinois, Colonel Waters commanding, to the right and bas Page 279 Ca& p. L.1 REPORTS, ETO.ARMY OF THE CtJMBERLAND. 2~9 of Rocky Face Ridge, where I again formed in order oC battle on left of Eighty-fourth Illinois. From here I sent forward, agreeably to orders, a heavy skirmish line under command of Capt. William Dawson, acting major of the regiment, with orders to force the en- emy back as far as possible. The order was pr9mptly obeyed, my line occupying a position within 150 yards of his works. I remained here until about 4.30 p. in., when I was ordered to the right along the base of the ridge to Mill Creek Gap, the skirmish line at the same time moving on parallel line with the line of battle. Captain Dawson, commanding skirmishers, finding the enemy was following him, was compelled to halt and hold his position until relieved by the S& venty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, after which I formed on the left of the Ninety-sixth Illinois, of the Second Brigade. At 7~p. m. the enemy attacked our line at Mill Creek Gap. I was ordered by Major-General Stanley in person to form my regiment on the left of the Eighty-fourth Illinois, and send forward skir- mishers. This being done, the whole line was ordered to advance. But a short distance was passed over when the line was again halted and remained about one and a half hours, when my regiment [was] ordered to the position it held the night previous. On the morning of the 10th, having received orders, I joined the brigade, which had moved some distance from its position. After joining brigade I was ordered to move to Mill Creek Gap, where I took position on the crest of the hill in the second line, the Seventy- seventh Pennsylvania on my left. Here I remained until the morn- ing of the 13th, when I moved with the brigade into Dalton, the enemy having evacuated that place. Upon arriving in Dalton my regiment, with Seventy-fifth Illinois, was detached from the brigade and moved to the left across the railroad for the purpose of dislodg- ing one of the enemys batteries which was there in position. I sent forward two companies (A and B) of my regiment as skirmishers, and after dislodging the battery and advancing one mile, the skirmishers came in contact with the enemys cavalry, 300 strong, which they put to flight, capturing a horse and wounding several men. Halting a short time, we again fell back and joined the column, when the march was again resumed. After moving some two miles, I took position for the night on the railroad. I moved again at s~inrise in the morning with brigade, and arrived in front of the enemys works at Resaca at 2 p. m. When I again formed in order of battle, skir- mishers were at once thrown forward and engaged the enemy, driv- ing him back some 500 yards. My regiment was now ordered to the right and front, taking position on a rise of ground, my right con- necting with the left of General Woods division, which jPosition I held until 8 p. in., when I was ordered to fall back to a hol ow in my~ rear, and send forward two companies with my pioneers to build works. At daylight I moved into the works, my right joined by the Eighty-fourth Illinois and left by Thirty-sixth Indiana; noth- ing of importance took p lace while I remaifted here in which I had p art. The enemy opened fire at midnight from his main line, which lasted only about fifteen minutes and ceased, my regiment suffer- ing no loss. On the 17th I moved at 9 a. m. through considerable rain, after driving the enemy some four miles, but after two hours fighting he again retreated, having been dislodged by a charge. At 8 p. m. firing ceased, when I was ordered to bivouac for the night. Nothing of imnortance took place from this until arriving about five miles this side of Kingston on the 19th, when we agai Page 280 280 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ciixp. L encountered the enemy. I was ordered to form line and build works, which I did. Here I remained until 2 a. m. of the 25th, when I moved with brigade in eastern direction and camped near Cassyille, which was then occupied by our troops. On the 26th we again moved in a southeast direction, after which nothing of importance took place until 5 p1 in., when I crossed Pumpkin Vine Creek, near Dallas, and took position in rear of the Second Division. Here a slight ~skirmish occurred. I lay still until the morning of 26th. At 9 a. m. the brigade took position in reserve, my regiment form- ing in rear of the Eighty-fourth Illinois, and supporting the battery of our brigade. On the morning of the 27th the entire brigade moved to the left and relieved part of General Woods division, my regiment occupying position in rear line. Skirmishing was heavy, in which one of my companies was engaged, at 7 a. m. Next mori~- ing the line was advanced some fifty yards and built works, where we remained until June 1. I then moved to left, agreeably to orders, and relieved the Twenty-first Kentucky on the front line, a detail of one commissioned officer and fifty men was sent on picket, relieving the pickets of that regiment. Here I remained until the morning of the 5th of June; the enemy having evacuated his position, I was ordered to occupy his works. On the morning of the 6th I moved with brigade about eight miles to near Acworth, and went into camp. On June 10 I again moved and took position in the line. Nothing occurred, however, in which I had part until the 15th. We moved upon the hill in our front, the enemy having evacuated, heavy cannonading was going on on both flanks, but our front was but slightly engaged. At night we moved to right and took position, throwing up works; regiment in second line. At 6 a. m. my regi- ment,witfr Fifty-ninth Illinois, moved to the left and front and built line of works in rear of skirmish line. At daybreak next morn the skirmishers are advanced and find the enemy has left his position in our front. The line is immediately ordere forward and occupies the enemys work. My regiment did not occupy position on front line, but lay in bivouac until the morning of the 19th, when we advanced toward Kenesaw Mountain, driving the enemy until we gained a position near its base. I moved into position in second line, with the Seventy-fifth Illinois on my right and Seventy- seventh Pennsylvania on my left. Here I remained until the evening of the 20th at dark, when I moved on the front line, relieving the Eighty-fourth Illinois. At 12 that night I was again relieved by the One hundred and fourth Illinois and moved back some distance in rear of second line into bivouac. At this place I was taken sick, and Captain Dawson assumed command of the regiment. At 3 p. m. Captain Dawson received orders to move to the right across ravine and support General Whitakers brigade, which was engaging the enemy and at the same time throw- ing up works; the order was promptly obeyed, the regiment taking position in line of works running over heavy rise of ground in edge of wood, with ravine in front and rear. My regiment was joined on right by Captain Bridges battery, and on left by Eightieth Illi- nois. After getting into position the enemy opened on us with a battery in our front and threw several shell into our work, but fortunately no one was hurt. On the 22d the regiment received orders to withdraw at dark and move with the brigade still farther to the right. At 8 p. m. we reach our position and occupy new line of works, with Thirty-sixth Indiana on my left. Line is i Page 281 C~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAIND. 281 thick underbrush, with open field in front. At 4.30 next day our skirmishers are ordered to be doubled and advance. Order promptly obeyed, and enemys skirmishers dxiven in. Our line gains a position in sight of enemys main line, but at dark is a gain d riven back to its old position. In this contest my regiment lost 2 killed, 7 wounded, and 1 missing. On 24th of June my regiment was relieved by Seventy-fifth Illinois and moved to left and rear in ravine. Nothing took place of any importance until the morning of the 27th, when we again move to left and occupy works of Eighty-fourth Illinois in rear of Ninth In- diana. General Newtons division was massed in my front prepara- tory for a charge. At about 10 a. m. the charge is made, but our men are repulsed with quite heavy loss. My regiment was here under a heavy fire of canister, but being behjnd works lost no men. At night the regiment is ordered about 300 yards to rear, and biv- ouacked. Here I remained until the evening of July 2, when I am ordered on the front line. Take position to left of previous one. Joined on right b~ Fifty-ninth Illinois, and on left by Seventy-sev- enth Pennsylvania. Immediately commence repairing my works, working by detail of two commissioned officers and fifty men on each relief. At 3 a. m. July 3 I received orders to quit work and prepare foj~ move at once. This being done, at 5 a. m. we move for- ward and occupy enemys work, he having evacuated. We pur- sue the enemy and strike the Atlanta and Marietta road at the Military Institute, near the latter place. Here a halt of a few hours is made, when the march is again resumed. We move on right of railroad, and at 4p. m. we file from railroad to left and form in order of battle, my regiment occupying same position in the line as the night previous. After forming we lay a short time and are ordered forward to top of hill in our front; here a temporary line of works are thrown up in which we remain during the night. The next morning at 11 oclock the skirmish line was ordered forward, and, moving with promptness, gained a ravine in our front and under cover remained for a moments rest. The main line was now ad- vanced, when the skirmishers charged the enemy, driving him into his main work. The line moved up under a heavy artillery fire with great promptness, and gaining the enemys works at once turned them. My loss to-day is 1 killed and 3 wounded; among the latter is Capt. M. D. Kirk, commanding skirmishers. The next morning at 3 oclock our skirmishers open heavy fire along line but get no reply; they are at once advanced and find the enemys line evacuated. At daylight my regiment moves with brigade toward railroad, on which we move toward the Chattahoochee River. At S p. m. move from railroad to left and go into camp. Remained in camp until the ioth and received 6rders to move at 9 a. m. Moved to left about seven miles and encamped near where the Twenty-third Corps lay. Reached camp at 5 p. m. after marching through a very heavy rain. Remained here until the morning of the 12th. Moved at sunrise to left and across river, taking position near Powers Ferry, and went into canip. Moved again July 18 at 5 a. m. to left and on Atlanta road, and bivouacked at 5 p. in.; regiment on left of brigade in front line. Moved again next day at 11.30 a. m. to Peach Tree Creek, crossed and took position on hill with open field in front, and on left of brigade; slight skirmishing was going on, the enemy gradually falling back. At 5 p. in. I was ordered farther to left in corn-field, where remainebd during night. On July 20 I moved to left at 6 a. m. on Decatu Page 282 282 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. road, and after moving some distance the enemys skirmishers are again encountered and a severe fight ensues. My regiment takes no part, however, until 4 p. in., when I was orderea to right of road into position, with the Ninth Jndianaon my left. After forming, a line of works were thrown up. During this 4ime the skirmishers made a charge on the enemys pits, capturing an entire company, consisting of a captain and 42 men. Nothing of moment oc- curred until the next day. At 6 p. m. I was ordered to move to the right and front near skirmish line; here another line of works was thrown up. My left joined by Thirty-sixth Indiana and right covered by heavy swale and timber, which was slashed. At about midnight the enemy evacuated his line in onr front, and at 3 in morning we pursue about one-half mile, when our skirmishers again encounter those of the enemy. My regiment is ordered into position in edge of wood with open field in front; after taking position the enemy opens fire from battery in our front and in the fortifications around Atlanta. Skirmishers kept up a heavy fire while two of our batteries took position and opened. At 2 p. m. we retire some dis- tance and go into camp, only a part of our brigade remaining on the line. Here I remained until 9 p. m. of July 26, when I was ordered to move to the left and front, relieving part of the Second Brigade. After taking this position I was joined on the right byEightieth Illinois, and on left by Seventy-fifth Illinois. At daylight next morning ski rinishing commenced in my front, and in the afternoon a feint was made on the enemys line. Nothing of great importance occurred until the evening of the 31st, when I received orders to move to right and front, and relieve the Eightieth Illinois, which was in reserve picket. I moved out and remained until next even- ing and was relieved by Thirty-sixth Indiana, and returned again to camp. On the 3d of August a demonstration was made on my right on skirmish line which I believe resulted favorably. Nothing in way of movement took place after this until August 19, when I was ordered to advance beyond our skirmish line with Eighty- fourth Illinois, and take position in order to attract the enemys at- tention. This was done. One-half of my regiment was advanced close to enemys work, while the other remained in reserve, but at 4 p. m. the whole regiment was thrown forward and opened fire. The enemy replies from line promptly. I remain in position until night- fall and again retired to camp, the enemy following with skirmish- ers until regaining his pits. On the 2~5th of August I received orders to move to right with bri- gade, and at 9 p. m. the movement is commenced. Marched until 3 next morning, and bivouacked on side hill about two miles to right of Atlanta and Chattanooga Railroad. Shortly after daybreak the enemy opened fire from a battery in our front, but directing his fire too high no one was hurt. At 8 a. m. I moved into ravine in front and formed in rear of the Eighty-fourth Indiana, where I lay until the brigade resumed its march. The brigade moyed out at about 10 a. in., my regiment being detached to cover the rear. I moved with Seventy-fifth Illinois to front on hill and occupied a line of works before abandoned by some of our troops. Upon arriving here we find the enemy trying also to gain the line. Fire was opened and the enemy fell back. After holding this position until the troops had passed some distance, we fell back, and, reaching the line of the S4xteenth Corps, joined the brigade. After this I was nowhere engaged until at Jonesborough, where I occupied a position in lo Page 283 CHAP. 14 REPORTS. ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 283 ground, in edge of wood, with open fiqid in front, the Seventy- seventh Pennsylvania on my right and Eightieth Illinois on left. Our skirmishers were here, hotly engaged, while the enemy kept playing into us rapidly with one of his batteries. A light line of works was thrown up, in which we lay during the night. In the morning at daylight our skirmishers moved forward and took pos- session of Jonesborough, the enemy having evacuated in the night. At about 9 a. m. September 3 I moved with brigade, on railroad, toward Lovejoys Station, after marching a distance of about five miles. I moved to left of railroad and took position in rear line with Ninth Indiana on right and Eightieth Illinois on left. After halting some time the line was ordered forward. Skirmishers imme- diately made an attack. The ground over which we moved was of a rough nature, having several almost impassable ravines, with part thick underbrush. After arriving at a distance of about 600 yards the line was halted and reformed. The front line was now hotly engaged, the enemy firing from his works with both musketry and artillery. I immediately ordered my men to build a barricade of rails, which was done under a heavy fire. Both lines, however, held their positions, and were soon intrenched. Here I remained until the evening of the 5th of September, during which time heavy skir- mishing was going on continually. My loss at this place was 1 killed and 2 wounded. One of the latter was Capt. W., W. Gris- wold. On the evening of the 5th of September I was ordered to with- draw and move with the brigade toward .Jonesborough. I withdrew at 7 p. in., and, marching all night, arrived at Jonesborough at 3 oclock next morning, and occupied my old position. Here I re- mained until sunrise of the 7th, when the march was resumed for this place, where I arrived on the afternoon of the 8th and went into camp. I cannot too highly commend the officers and men under my coni- mand for their promptness and efficiency in performing the duties devolved upon them during the campaign, and while they have my heartfelt sympathy for hardships they have endured, a nation meets their conduct with the highest appreciation. The friends of the killed and wounded have n{y earnest condolence, and also ~he assurance that their sons and brothers fell true soldiers, with not a stain upon them. A report of casualties is herewith transmitted. * Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. D. HURD, Lieutenant-Colonel. Comdg. Thirtieth Indiana Volunteers. Capt. H. W. LAWTON, Acting Assistant Inspector-General. No. 30. Report of Capt. John C. Taylor, Eighty-fourth Indiana infantry, of operations August 16September 8. HDQRS. EIGHTY-FOURTH INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Near Atlanta, Ga., September 13, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to make the following report of the military operations of the Eighty-fourth Indiana Volunteers during * Nominal list (omitted) shows 10 killed, 11 mortally wounded, 59 severely and slightly wounded, and 7 missing; total, 87 Page 284 284 THE ATLANTA cAMPAIGN. (Ca*i~. L. the late campaign in Georgia, commencing from the date of its transfer to the Third Bri a e First Division, Fourth Army Corps, August 16, 1864, under command of Brig. Gen. William Grose: After the transfer to the Third Brigade, my command occupied the extreme left of the brigade line, in front of Atlanta. Nothing fur- ther transpired than the usual duties of skirmishing with the enemy until the 20th day of August, 1864, during which time my command did not sustain any loss. On the morning of the 20th of August, by order of Brig. Gen. William Grose, I moved my command, in con- junction with five regiments of the Third Brigade, to the left. About sunrise we came upon the enemy. I was ordered to send two companies out as skirmishers, which I did, sending Companies K and F. Afterwards, on the same occasion, I was ordered to send out another company, with a detail of thirty-five men as skirmish- ers, which I did promptly, sending Company B and the detail on the right of the brigade skirmiTh line. My command did not suffer any loss during the scout on the 20th of August. Lieut. J. S. Fisher and Private Clemard Mahoney. Company E, were wounded on the 20th of August while on the skirmish line in front of the regimental camp. My command laid in camp near Atlanta from the 20th to the night of the 25th of August, doing nothing but furnishing the required number of guards for the regimental front, not sustain- ing any loss. On the night of the 25th of August, by order of Brig. Gen. William Grose, I moved my command under cover of night, immediately after dark in su.ch a manner as to deceive the enemy as to my purpose, moving to the right of our lines, marching until 3 oclock on the morning of the 26th, at which time my command was halted and told to rest until morning. By order of the general com- manding I had my command ready to move at 8 a. in., at which time the enemy attacked our ~skirmish line. I was then ordered to move my regiment under cover of a little hill which I was ordered to hold at all hazards, which I did until relieved, without firing a gun. Then, by order of the general commanding brigade, I moved my regiment to the right through the lines of the Sixteenth Army Corps. Went into camp at sunset. Moved my command with the brigade at 8 a. m. August 27, marched until a on 12 in., at which time my regiment was formed in line of battle on the right of the front line of the brigade, whic1~ was in rear of the Third Division, Fourth Army Corps, near Camp Creek, Ga. My command was ordered to be ready to move at 7a.m. August 28. Moved at 2p.m. with the brigade; went into camp at snndown. My regiment was formed in line of battle in center of the front line of the brigade. On the morning of the 29th of August the general commanding ordered me to throw up a line of breast-works on the left of the front line of the brigade. On the morning of the 30th I was ordered to move my regiment with the brigade at 6 a. m. Moved to the right, crossing the Atlanta and Montgomery Railroad. After marching to the right about five miles I was ordered to send a company out as flankers. The enemy fired on my command in the evening, wounding 1 man, the orderly, Company B. Marched until sunset, was ordered by the commanding general to form line of battle in the center of the front line of the brigade, and throw up a temporary line of breast-works, which was immediately done. Moved with the brigade at 6 a. m. August 31, by command of Brig. Gen. William Grose. Moved about one an Page 285 cw~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 285 a half miles to the front, formed line of battle on the left of the front line of the brigade, and threw up a temporary line of breast- works near Shoal Creek, Ga., in front of the enemys line of works. By order of the general commanding sent out a company of skir- mishers. The enemy left his works without much resistance. My command did not sustain any loss in the advance on the enemy s lines. Occupied the enemys works about 12 m. Moved my regi- ment with the brigade in the direction of the Atlanta and Macon Railroad. Was ordered on the march to send out a company of flankers. By order of the general commanding I formed my reg- iment in line of battle on the right of the front line of the brig- ade, and threw up a temporary line of works. By order of Brigadier-General Grose I moved my command to the Atlanta and Macon Railroad on the morning 9f September 1, 1864, where I was ord6red to engage my men in tearing up and destroying the railroad until about 4 p. in., at which time I was ordered to move to the left and form my regiment on the right of the rear line of the brigade, to support the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, which was engaging the enemy in front, near Jones- borough, Ga. My loss in this engagement was 1 officer severely wounded and 2 men slightly. By order of the general commanding I moved my regiment about 7 a. m. September 2 to the line of works occupied by the enemy on evening of the 1st instant. Was ordered to move my command with the brigade along the Macon railroad in the direction of Lovejoys Station, where I arrived about 3p. in., where the enemy was found to be in force. I was directed to advance a skirmish company after forming my regiment on the right of the front line of the brigade. About 4.30 p. m. the general commanding ordered me to move my command on the enemys lines, which I did, charging and taking his entire skirmish line in the front of my regiment, amounting in all to 27 prisoners2 commissioned officers, and 25 enlisted men. My loss in the engPagement was as follows: 1 man killed and 14 wounded, 2 mortally. I was struck on the shoulder by a canister-shot, in- flicting a slight wound which caused me to leave the field after turning the command of the regiment over to Captain Miller, who held the line taken by me under.the most terrific fire of artillery and musketry, building a line of works during the night, which my regi- ment held during the 3d instant, losing 1 man wounded while retiring from the skirmish line. By command of Brigadier-General Grose my regiment was relieved by the Ninth Indiana Veteran Volunteers immediately after dark and retired to the right of the rear line of breast-works occupied by the brigade, leaving my skirmishers where they were during the day, in which move 1 man was wounded. By order of the general commanding my regiment was moved farther to the rear on the morning of the 4th instant, for the purpose of resting, where it laid until the evening of the~5th instant, when Colonel Ben- nett, commanding brigade, issued orders to move at 7p. m. Marched all night, occupying at early daylight our line of works, established on the 1st instant, near Jonesborough, Ga., where my regiment staid during the day, furnishing a company for picket. My regi- ment moved with the brigade at sunrise to Rough and Ready Sta- tion, where it arrived about 2.30 p. m. September 7. Moved at 7 a. m. with the brigade in the direction of Atlanta, where it arrived at 12.30 p. m. September 8; went into camp on Page 286 286 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [OEM.. L. mile east of Atlanta at 2 p. in., where it remained until the morning of the 9th instant, at which time I again took command and have since commanded. In camp on the 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th instant. I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN C. TAYLOR, Colonel BENNETT, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Comdg. Third Brigade, First Division, 4th Army Corps. No. 31. Report of Col. Thbmas E. Rose, Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania infantry. HDQRs. 77TH REGT. PENNSYLVANIA VET. VOL. INFTY. In Camp, near Atlanta, Ga., September 14, 1864. CAPTAIN: The following is the report of the operations of my reg- iment during the campaign commencing on the 5th of May, 1864, and ending on the 8th of September, 1864: On the 3d of May, 1864, the regiment broke camp at Blue Springs, at 12 in., and moved out six miles to the Knoxville and Dalton Rail- road, and encamped for the night. On Wednesday, May 4, we marched at S a. m. to Catoosa Springs, where we encamped for two days. On Saturday, May 7, marched south to Tunnel Hill. On Sunday, May 8, moved to Mill Creek Gap and Rocky Face Ridge. On Monday, May 9, near midnight, the regiment went on picket. On Tuesday, May 10, skirmished all day with the enemy; had 3 en- listed men wounded. On Wednesday, May 11, the regiment, with the Thirtieth Indiana, moved on to a ridge which commanded Mill Creek Gap, and threw lip rifle-pits. On Friday, May 13, at 5 a. m. the regiment with the division moved forward through Dalton, and at 9 a. m. came up with the enemys rear guard; had some skirmish- ing, and went into camp. On Saturday, May 14, left camp and marched two miles, when our corps engaged the enemy, skirmishers were thrown out from each regiment; 1 commissioned officer and 1 enlisted man was wounded of this regiment. On Sunday, May 15, skirmishing commenced at daylight, and we were engaged with the enemy more or less all day; lost 3 enlisted men wounded. On Monday, May 16, we moved at 6 a. m. into Resaca, and at 4 p. m. crossed the river and marched four miles, where we encamped for the night. On Tuesday, May 17, we marched at 8 a. in., and en- camped within two miles of Adairsville. On Wednesday, May 18, the reginient marched at 6 a. in., passed through Adairsville, and six miles beyond encamped fQr the night. On Thursday, May 19, the regiment marched at 6 a. in.; came up with the enemys rear guard at Kingston, where we commenced skirmishing, and so con- tinued until the enemy was driven back to Cassville. This regiment lost during the day 1 enlisted man killed and 3 wounded. On Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, 20th, 21st, and 22d, the regiment lay in camp. On Monday, May 23, we marched west six miles, where we crossed the Etowah River, and continuing the march four miles farther encamped for the night. On Tuesday, May 24, the regiment moved out of camp at 6 a. in., and marched fifteen miles and encamped Page 287 Cn~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 287 On Wednesday, May 25, the regiment left camp at 10 a. m. and marched about eight miles to where the Twentieth Army Corps had been fighting, and encamped for the night. On Thursday, May 26, the regiment moved into the line of battle, our brigade being in reserve. On Friday, May 27, the regiment moved forward to th& front line, and had sharp fighting all day. The casualties were 1 enlisted man killed and 3 wounded. On Saturday, May 28, our skir- mishers were hotly engaged. The casualties in the regiment were 1 commissioned officer and 8 enlisted men wounded. On Sunday, May 29, the skirmishing continued all day; casualties, 4 enlisted men wounded. On Monday, May 30, the skirmishing still continued; casualties, 2 enlisted men wounded. On Tuesday, May 31, our skir- mishers were still engaged, and the casualties of this regiment, 1 enlisted man wounded. On Wednesday, June 1, the position of the regiment was still unchanged. The loss on this day was 1 en- listed man killed. On Thursday, June 2, no change of position took place; casualties of the regiment, 1 enlisted man wounded. On Friday, June 3, in the same position as on the 2d; casualties of the regiment, 2 enlisted men wounded. On Saturday, June 4, moved camp at daylight to the left, the rebels having retreated during the night. On Sunday, June 5, the regiment lay quietly in camp all day. On Monday, June 6, the regiment marched at 5 a. m. a dis- tance of about six miles to near Acworth Station. The regiment lay in camp during the 7th, 8th, and 9th. On Friday, June 10, the reg- iment left cam p at 7a.m., and marched four miles and encamped near Pine Knob, or Pine Top, near the enemy, our regiment on the second line, afld was not engaged with the enemy. On Saturday and Sunday, 11th and 12th of June, the regiment still lay in camp on the second line in the same position as on the 10th. On Monday, June 13, the regiment moved one mile to the left, and threw up new works during the night. The rebels in front evacuated the same night. On Tuesday, June 14, the regi- ment moved forward one mile; finding the enemy in force, we here threw up new works; casualties, 1 enlisted man woundcd. On Wednesday, June 15, the regiment continued in the same posi- tion as on the 14th. We had some skirmishing, but no casualties. On Thursday, June 16, the operations were the same as on the 14th and 15th; the casualties .of the regiment, 1 enlisted man wounded. During the night the rebels fell back. On Friday, June 17, the regiment moved forward some distance and went into camp. There was heavy skirmishing along the line, but my regiment was not engaged. On Saturday, June 18, the skirmishing still con- tinued, but the brigade to which my regiment belongs was in reserve, consequently we were not engaged. On Sunday, June 19, we again moved forward; were met by the rebels about a mile distant from our starting point, where our skirmishers engaged the enemy; fell slowly back to the foot of Kenesaw Mountain; the casualties in the reginient were 1 commissioned officer wounded, 2 enlisted men killed, and 7 enlisted men wounded. On Monday, June 20, the regi- ment lay in front of Kenesaw all day; no casualties. On Tuesday, June 21, the regiment moved forward and to the right. We were here opened upon by two batteries from the rebels. We threw up a new line of works, it being already the third before Kenesaw in about twenty-four hours; the casualties from the. enemys shells were 1 enlisted man killed and 2 enlisted men wounded. On Wednesday, June 22, the enemy opened upon us the same a~ before Page 288 288 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca& ~. L. but our works being completed we were better protected, and no casualties occurred in the regiment. On Thursday, June 23, the regiment moved to the right and lay in reserve until dark, when we moved forward close to the enemy, and during the night com- pleted a strong earth-work. On Friday, June 24, we had some skirmishing; lost 1 enlisted man wounded. On Saturday and Sun- day, 25th and 26th of Julie, the position of the regiment was unchanged; we lost 2 enlisted men wounded on the 26th. On Monday, June 27, a general assault was made. The brigade to which my regiment is attached was held in reserve; the casualties of the regiment were 1 enlisted man killed and 1 wounded. On. Tuesday, June 28, we had considerable skirmishing, and had 1 commissioned officer and 2 enlisted men wounded. On Wednesday, June 29, a burial of the dead in our front under a flag of truce took place. During the night the enemy made a demonstration, but were repulsed. The casualties of the regiment were 3 enlisted men wounded. On Thursday, June 30, at dark, my regiment was relieved by another regiment of our brigade, and we moved back to the sec- ond line and encamped. On Friday, July 1, we continued in camp on the second line. On Saturday, July 2, the regiment again move d forward to the front line; no casualties. On Sunday, July 3, about 2 a. in., the rebels evacuated their works, and we moved forward at once and occupied them. Took several prisoners. We then moved forward to Marietta and five miles ~beyond to Smyrna, where we found the enemy strongly fortified. On Monday, July 4, at 11 a. m. we charged the enemys works, capturing the rifle-pits, with a large number of prisoners, and killing and wounding several of the enemy; our loss was 1 commissioned officer wounded and 1 enlisted man killed, and 17 enlisted men wounded. During the night the enemy fell back to the Chattahoochee River and left us in full possession of their strong works at Smyrna, which we immediately occupied. On Tuesday, July 5, at daybreak we commenced pursuing the en- emy. The regiment moved forward to Vinings Station, thence one mile to the left and encamped on the Chattahoochee River. On Wednesday, July 6, the regiment lay in camp, our skirmishers ex- changing occasional shots across the river. We lay in this camp until the 10th. On Sunday, July 10, we marched up the river about five miles, where the regiment enc~amped within about one-half mile of the river, and continued in cam p until the 12th. On Tuesday, July 12, we marched early, crossed the Chattahoochee on canvas pontoons, and moved down the river some distance, to a high bluff overlooking the river, where we encamped until the 18th. On Monday, July 18, the regiment moved forward toward Atlanta six miles, and encamped. On Tuesday, July 19, we marched at 11 a.m. about three miles, to Peach Tree Creek, on the opposite bank of which we threw up works; had some skirmishing but no casualties. On Wednesday, July 20, we marched to within three miles of De- catur, and then took the road to Atlanta, in all about four miles. We went into position in line and the enemy made a fierce attack on our skirmishers, but were repulsed; the casualties of this regi- ment were only 2 enlisted men wounded. On Thursday, July 21, at sunrise this regiment moved forward to the line of skirmishers and threw up works under a pretty heavy fire; our casualties were 1 commissioned officer and 4 enlisted men wounded. The enemy retreated during the night. On Friday, July 22, before daylight Page 289 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 289 we commenced pursuing the enemy, this regiment takincr the ad- vance, and at sunrise, owing to the fog, we came up with t~ie rebels quite abruptly. We were quickly in line, however, and after a pretty sharp skirmish we commenced throwing up works within two miles of the town of Atlanta and within 1,500 yards of one of the enemys forts; the casualties of the regiment were 4 enlisted men wounded. On Tuesday, July 26, a demonstration was made in which our skirmish line was somewhat advanced. This regiment lost 3 men wounded. On the 5th of August a like demonstration was made;in which five companies of this regiment charged up to the enemys works and were repulsed, with the loss of 1 commis sioned officer and 5 enlisted men killed, and 14 enlisted men wounded. On the 17th of August this regiment changed camp from the extreme right to the extreme left of the brigade; the casualties were 3 en- listed men wounded on the picket-line. On Thursday, August 25. at dark, as the army commenced to move, the regiment withdrew from the works and moved to the right and bivouacked at Proctors Creek, distance seven miles. On Friday, August 26, the regiment continued the march to the right, passing a portion of the Army of The Tennessee and the Fourteenth Army Corps, and encamped at 5 p. in., after marching about eight miles. On Saturday, August 27, advanced rapidly to Gilead Church, a distance of six miles. On Sunday, August 28, we marched, at about 3~ p. in., a distance of about three miles, and bivouacked near the West Point railroad in a fine agricultural country. On Monday, August 29, the regiment assisted in destroying a large portion of the railroad. On Tuesday, August 30, we marched southeast, a distance of about three miles, and encamped in a thick woods. On Wednesday, August 31, we moved early in the morning and marched about five miles to near the Macon railroad and encamped for the night. On Thursday September 1, we marched to the railroad and commenced destroyin it. We moved down the railroad destroying it as we went, unti we came near Jonesborough, where we formed line of battle and ad- vanced on the enemy, who was intrenched at that p lace. This regi- ment, on the extreme right of the brigade, advanced through a dense thicket for about one-half a mile, close to the enemys main line, where we threw up slight works under a heavy fire of musketry and canister; the casualties were only 2 wounded. During the night the enemy retreated. On Friday, September 2, we moyed down the railroad to Lovejoys Station, where we again found the enemy. The division to which my~ brigade and regiment is attached moved to the left, and formed line of battle, when we moved forward and engaged the enemy. My regiment was held in reserve and did not become engaged, although we were part of the time under a brisk fire. No casualties. On Saturday, September 3, my regiment moved up to the front line early and relieved the Seventy-fifth Illinois, of our brigade. As my regiment was much larger than the Seventy- fifth, I was obliged to prolong the works in order to protect my men. As soon as the fog arose the enemy opened a concentrated fire of musketry with artillery upon my regiment, and kept it up until our works were completed. The casualties of the regiment at this place were 1 commissioned officer killed and 1 severely wounded, and 11 enlisted men wounded. We remained at this p lace until the night of the 5th, when we withdrew and marched to J onesborough, where we remained umitil the 7th. On Wednesday, September 7, thQ 19 R RvoL XXXVIII, PT Page 290 290 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CH~w. L. regiment marched to Rough and Ready, and encamped for the night. On Thursday, September 8, marched through Atlanta and encamped two miles from the town in the direction of Decatur. From the 3d of May until June 7 the regiment was commanded by Capt. J. J. Lawson, Company C. On the 7th of June I returned to the regiment, and have been personally in command during all of the time since. Submitting the above, I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. E. ROSE, Colonel, Commanding Regiment. [Capt H. W. LAWTON.] No. 32. Reports of Brig. Gen. John Newton, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. HDQRS. SECOND DIvIsIoN, FOURTH ARMY CORPS, In the Field, near Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 21, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to transmit report of casualties sus- tained by my division in engagement of yesterday. I will proceed to give a more perfect account of the action. With a heavy skirmish line the ridge, one-half [mile] wide, in front of our works was taken. General Kimballs brigade moved up to the skir- mish line and formed on the right-hand side of the road, Colonel Blake on the left; Colonel Bradley was along the road perpendicular to their position in order of march. As soon as Kimballs and Blakes brigades reached the top of the ridge they commenced nat- urally to throw up log and rail barricades, and, as the result proved, providentially. When my line of battle was formed and my troops well in hand, I ordered the skirmish line forward. They had not advanced over 150 yards before they met the enemy in front. At the same time the enemy threw one division around my left and rear. This attack was repulsed, the details of which I will give hereafter. The fire had scarcely subsided on my left and rear when it broke out on my front and right flank where Kimball held. The enemy came completely around his right front. He made a return of his flank and drove them laterally in front of the Twentieth Corps, one division of which was then advancing to connect with me. From this time until sundown it was a succession of attacks on my right, left, and center, so rapid that I could not keep account of them, showing that the enemy were in strong force and well handled. The only thing that troubled me was that I did not have half men enough to hold the ground assaulted, even in one line, and I was obliged to move regiments from place to place as the attack was made, and several times strong attacks were repulsed by artil- lery and a few stragglers collected to support them. I had but 2,700 men in line. I had several regiments on the north side of Peach Tree Creek which did good service in preventing the enemy cross- ing the creek and capturing our trains. From the best and most reasonable accounts I can gather, we were attacked as follows: Bates division on my left and rear, Walkers on my left front, and Cleburne to the right and rear. #l?he position I held was a key point, which accounts for the vigorous attack made upon me. If I ha Page 291 CRaP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 291 been driven across the creek Hookers left flank would have been entirely exposed and serious consequences ensued. The enemy were completely astonished to find half completed barricades on the hill which we had just taken and which they imagined was only occu- pied by a skirmish line. I am ordered by General Thomas to make no further advance un- til I connect with General Wood on my left. I am, colonel, very respectfully, JOHN NEWTON, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Lient. Col. J. S. FULLERTON, Assistant Adjutant-General, Fourth Corps. [Inclosure.] Report of casualties in Seeond Division, Fourth Army Corps, in action of July 20, 1864, on Peach Tree Creek, Ga. Killed. Woanded. Missing. -_ Command. a 0 a o ~ ~ 0 ~ First Brigade, Brigadier-General Kimball 3 1 31 1 36 Second Brigade, Cob J. W. Blake 5 1 26 6 38 Third Brigade, Gel. L. P. Bradley 3 1 20 24 Battery A, First Ohio Light Artillery, Lieut. C. W. scovill 3 3 Battery M, First Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. G.W. Spencer 1 i Total iii 3 81 7 ~ Respectfully submitted. JOHN NEWTON; Brigadier-General, Commanding. HDQRS. SECOND DIVISION, FOURTH ARMY CORPS, In. the Field, July 21, 1864. HDQRS. SECOND DIVISION, FOURTH ARMY CORPS, Near Atlanta, Ga., September , 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to forward the following report of the operations of the Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, during the present campaign Tuesday, May 3, the division marched froig Cleveland to Red Clay. May 4, marched from Red Clay to Catoosa Springs. May ~ and 6, remained at Catoosa Springs in position. May 7, marched from Catoosa Springs to Tunnel Hill, this division following a road on the left flank of that pursued by the other divisions of the corps, and took position on that road until relieved by the Twenty-third Corps; after this followed the First and Third Divisions to the neighborhood of Tunnel Hill, where it was posted in reserve. Sun- day, May 8, Harkers brigade was ordered to ascend to the northern extremity of Rocky Face Ridge, the One hundred and twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry (Colonel Opdycke) clearing the way as skirmishers, which being effectually done, the whole brigade as Page 292 292 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. cended to tlie summit. The summit was a sharp ridge , never wider than the room occupied by four men abreast, and oftentimes so nar- row and obstructed by bowiders that men in single file could with difficulty climb over the obstacles. The enemy, protected by nat- ural and artificial impediments, steadily resisted the advance of the brigade until dark, General Harker gaining about three-fourths of a mile of the crest. At night one piece of Battery M, First Illinois Artillery, was moved on the ridge, ready to open on the enemys rock barricades in the morning. General Schofield having arrived on the ground mean time, one brigade of his army was moved on the crest, and took its place in General Harkers rear. May 9, Scho- field having withdrawn his troops from the ridge to make a demon- stration with his whole corps in the valley on the east side of Rocky Face, the remainder of my division was pushed to the top of Rocky Face Ridge, forming immediately behind General Harker. General Harker opened with his piece of artillery at daybreak and charged the enemy, driving them gallantly until they found shelter behind their main line of works on the top of the ridge.. The whole extent of the ridge occupied by us amounted to about a mile and three- quarters. From the ground thus gained the lines of the enemy on the east of Rocky Face could be distinctly seen. Their position was good and well fortified, running off at right angles with the general direction of Rocky Face. General Schofield having driven the enemys skirmishers into their works in the valley, it was arranged that he should then attack while I attacked the enemys works on the eastern slope of the ridge and on the top, General Wagners brigade being displayed on the eastern slope for this purpose. Gen- eral Harker on the top of the ridge was not to attack till an im- pression had been made by the other columns. General Wagner, in advancing, found his farther progress impeded by an impassable ravine, on the opposite side of which the enemy had a line of in- trenchments, receiving a heavy fire from the enemy in the mean time. The leading regiment of General Harkers brigade, without waiting for the partial success of the other attacks, prematurely ad- vanced, and the column naturally followed. They carried the work immediately in front of them with heavy loss, marching by the flank, but found themselves confronted by another and stronger work on an eminence commanding the one they had taken. They held this position for some time, but farther progress being impossible, fell back somewhat, retaining about 100 yards of the ground they had gained. Colonel Mcllvain, Sixty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; was killed in this charge, Colonel Buckner, Seventy-ninth Illinois, and Lieutenant-Colonel Bullitt, Third Kentucky,wounded, and the names of many other brave officers and men close the list of casualties on this day. This days operations demonstrated the enemys position on the slone and crest of the ridge to be impregnable. General Harker and the officers and men of his brigade highly distinguished themselves for gallantry and good conduct. May 10, no change made except in the relative positions of the brigades, Wagner being ordered to the front; sharp picket-firing all day. May 11, no change, except that Shermans brigade relieved Wagner; picket-firing all day. May 12, General Schofield being withdrawn and sent toward the right, and the Fourth Corps forming the left flank of the army, Shermans brigade, of my division, was left on the top of Rocky Face, the other brigades being withdrawn and placed in defensible positions on the flank of thQ army, General Stonemans cavalr Page 293 CHAP. U REPORTS, ETC.-ARMY OF TIlE CUMBERLAND. 293 being also on my left to observe the enemy and cover the flank. The enemy moved out a heavy force, threatening our left, which was first observed toward 110011, composed of over twenty regiments of infantry and a large body of cavalry. General Stoneman was at- tacked, his pickets and front line being compelled to fall back. At this time I contracted my lines to get a better defense, and finding my force still insufficient called on General Wood for one brigade, as I had been instructed to do in such a case by General Howard. This brigade arrived promptly, with General Wood himself, and closed a~ gap in my line. The enemy, apparently satisfied with a demonstration merely, retired without attack. May 13, the enemy having evacuated the night previous, my division took up the line of march for Dalton, General Stanleys division being in the lead; marched from thence and encamped in Sugar Creek Valley. May 14, my division marched to the right (the other two divisions of the corps being to the left), and was directed to form in reserve behind the Twenty-third Corps, which was done. The Twenty-third Corps becoming heavily engaged with the enemy in force in front of Re- saca, I was ordered forward, by General Thomas, to form on the left and rear of the Twenty-third Corps. Shortly afterward ilar- kers brigade was ordered into the fight to relieve a portion of the Twenty-third Corps, which was gallantly done under a severe and destructive fire of the enemy. The position just taken by Harker was a short distance in advance of their line of intrenchments and commanded by them, and it was only by taking advantage of every little inequality of the ground that the brigade could maintain its position. In the meanwhile, General Wood having come up and connected with my left, a general advance of his division and mine was ordered, and my other two brigades were posted on the wooded heights overlooking the valley in which Harker was engaged. Colonel Shermans brigade was ordered, toward the close of the afternoon, to relieve General Harker. Our loss was considera- ble in Harkers and Shermans brigades. Among the wounded were General Harker and Colonel Opdycke, One hundred and twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, both of whom refused to quit the field and remained on duty till they recovered. The ene- mys artillery fire being annoying during the night, eleven guns be- longing to my division were put into position on the bald hills to the right of the woods, forming the right of my line. Sunda~y, May 16, General Schofields command having been withdrawn during the previous afternoon and night, I found in the morning my right connecting with the Fourteenth Corps. My artillery opened and soon silenced that of the enemy, from which we experienced no further annoyance. Wagners brigade was moved in to relieve Shermans. At 11.30 p. m. a heavy fire of musketry was opened all along our lines (it is uncertain whether the rebels or ourselves com- menced it) and continued for some time. May 16, the enemy hav- ing evacuated during the night, we marched to Resaca. As soon as the ~ridge, partially destroyed by the rebels, was repaired, we crossed the Oostenaula River, and advanced toward Calhoun, General Harkers brigade leading and skirmishing the whole of the way with the enemys cavalry. We rested at Calhoun that night. May 17, advanced toward Adairsville from Calhoun, Shermans brigade leading. Frqm this point till late in the afternoon heavy skirmishing with a large body of the eudmys cavalry, who intrenched themselves in every strong position along the road, from which they were suo Page 294 294 TIlE ATtANTA CAMPAIGN. tCBA~. L. cessively dislodged. At length, two and a half miles from Adairs.. yule, we came on the enemys infantry, when the whole of Shermans brigade was engaged, and one or two regiments of the Thud Brigade. The firing was very sharp till after night-fall. Shermans brigade lost considerably. May 18, the enemy having retreated in the night, I marched to Adairsville, abreast with General Woods column, finding at a short distance from the engagement of the day before the enemys lines of battle intrenched. After a long halt at Adairs- ville, I marched on a parallel road with General Wood and en- camped about three miles from Kingston. May 19, marched toward Kingston, my division being third in order of marc~i. Between one and two miles beyond Kingston, General Stanley leading, became engaged with the enemy; General Woods division becoming en- gaged likewise, I was ordered to hold my division in reserve. I was not engaged this day, but from the changes of position de- manded by the varying circumstances of the day, my men became greatly fatigued. At length, toward night-fall, I was ordered to form on the left of General Stanley, connecting with the Twentieth Corps, only a portion of General Stanleys division being able to find a p lace in the line. I went into camp for the night just in the rear of the line. May 20, the enemy retreated during the night previous, and this day, the 21st, and 22d were devoted to refitting the troops. Monday, 23d, started at 1 p. m. and proceeded by way of Saltpetre Cave to Gillems Bridge, where we crossed the Etowah, third in order of mardh. Advanced three miles beyond the river and encamped at 11 p. m. May 24, marched to Burnt Hickory, second in order of march. May 25, took the road toward New Hope Church, crossing the bridge over Pumpkin Vine Creek, in rear of Williams division, Twentieth Corps, my division leading the Fourth Corps. Advanced to the neighborhood of New Hope Church, but did not participate in the conflict, though Kimballs (First) brigade was formed on the left of the road in readiness for such an event. About night-fall the whole division was formed in line on the left of the road. May 26, reformed my lines and intrenched within eighty- five paces of the enemys works; placed Goodspeeds battery (A, First Ohio) on the right of my line, relieving one of General Stanleys batteries posted there. From this date until the evacuation of the enemy on the night of June 4 there was continual skirmishing and demonstrations on my line. We lost many men in these oper- ations by sharpshooters, and from the fact that our camps were ex- posed to the enemys fire. It was a period of unprecedented fatigue and watchfulness on the part of officers and men, the behavior of whom was admirable. June 5, remained in the same position. June 6, marched to Morris Hill Church, bringing up the rear of the corps, and leaving Kimballs brigade behind to guard and bring up the corps hospitals. June 7, General Kimball having performed this duty, rejoined the division. He had several skir- mishes with the enemys cavalry. June 8 and 9, remained iti camp. June 10, marched to a position in front of Pine Mountain, taking position to the right and rear of General Stanleys division. June 11, 12, 13, and 14, skirmishing and changes of position. The ene- my retired on the night of the 14th. June 15, the corps was or- dered to attack the enemy in his new position, my division to lead. Division was formed in column of attack, precede4 by three regi- ments deployed as skirmishers, under command of Colonel Bradley, Fifty-first Illinois, who conducted the advance with great skil Page 295 cui~. Li REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 295 The enemys skirmishers were steadily driven out of skirmish pits in strong positions, and forced back to their main line of works, the strength of which, in the opinion of General Howard, forbade an attack with my main force. The division encamped for the night within 700 yards of the enemys works, General Stanleys division on the right, the Fourth Corps on the left. June 16, advanced the left of my position; the enemy retired at night. June 17, advanced, following General Woods division, about 400 yards. In the after- noon went into position on his left, strengthened my skirmish line, which, under charge of Colonel Lane, Ninety-seventh Ohio Volun- teer Jnfantry, gallantly advanced across an open field, and carried the enemys skirmish pits. June 18, skirmishers, under command of Colonel Bartleson Ono hundredth Illinois, advanced a considerable distance to the high ridge beyond Muddy Creek, driving by a most gallant charge the enemys skirmishers from behind their main line of works, where they had posted themselves in considerable num- bers. The whole division was then advanced, during a violent rain- storm, to the high ridge, and posted on the skirmish line, directly under the fire from the enemys line of works. Portions of the division had to maintain an incessant fire during the day, to keep down the enemys infantry and eight guns h~ had in position. The fire of the latter would have been very destructive to our troops. Our loss this day was very large. The enemy retired in the night to their position at Kenesaw. June 19, advanced, General Stanleys division leading; my skirmish line, under Colonel Miller, Thirty- sixth Illinois, was thrown out well to the left, to cover the mover ment, the Fourteenth Corps not having come up. Colonel Miller had severe skirmishing with the enemy, through the dense under- growth; captured many of them. I came into position on the left of Stanley. June 20, remained in position; had a sharp artillery duel in the afternoon, Goodspeeds and Spencers batteries silenc- ing two of the enemys batteries. Was relieved toward night by Kings division, Fourteenth Corps. June 21, moved to the right, and relieved part of the Twentieth Corps. General Wood, on our left, having advanced, our lines were moved forward about 200 yards, and connect[ed] with him. June 22, skirmish line was re-enforced, and, under command of Colonel Bradley, advanced, driving the enemys skirmishers from their pits into the main line. The enemys posi- tion behind a strong line of works was plainly determined by this advance. Our skirmish line lost very heavily this day. June 23, skirmish line again advanced under Colonel Bartleson; drove in the enemys pickets as before. The gallant Colonel Bartleson was killed. From this time until the 27th no operations took place beyond chang- ing and adjusting the lines, and skirmishes and demonstrations. June 27, my division was ordered to assault the enemys lines before Kenesaw, in front of the position held by General Stanleys division. The formation prescribed by General Howard was in two columns, composed of divisions closed in mass. Accordingly, General Har- kers brigade was formed on the right in one column closed in mass: General Wagners and General Kimballs on the left in one column closed in mass. The columns were preci~ded by a strong line of skirmishers, under command of Colonel Opdycke, One hundred and twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. At about 9 a. m. the skir- mishers advanced, gallantly driving the enemys pickets into the works, the columns immediately following them. General Harker Page 296 296 TIlE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L. brigade advanced through dense undergrowth, through the slash- ing and abatis made by the enemy, in the face of their fire, to the foot of their works, but were unable to get in, and fell back a short distance. General Wagners brigade passed through similar obstacles, and were compelled to stop their advance a short distance from the enemys works. General Harker then attempted another advance, and in the act this gallant and distinguished officer was killed. After a short respite General Kimballs brigade was ordered to advance. It moved to the front gallantly to the foot of the enemys works, when his command was retired. It having been demonstrated that the enemys works were too strong to be taken, the division was withdrawn, leaving our pickets in th& captured rifle-pits, where they were afterward relieved by General Stanleys division. Apart from the strength of the enemys lines, and the numerous obstacles which they had accumulated in front of their works, our want of success is in a great degree to be attributed to the thickets and undergrowth, which effectually broke up the formation of our columns and deprived that formation of the momentum which was expected of it. Beside the enemys musketry our troops were exposed to a heavy fire of canister and case-shot. Colonel Miller, Thirty-sixth Jllinoj~s, was mortally wounded; Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler, Eighty-eighth Illinois, Was killed; Lieutenant-Colonel Kerr, Seventy-fourth Illinois, after receiving a mortal wound, still led his men to the foot of the works, where he was taken prisoner. The loss of the division in the assault was 654 killed and wounded. It is no injustice to the claims of others to state that General Kimball, commanding First Brigade; Colonel Bradley, commanding Fifty- first Illinois; Colonel Opdycke, commaiiding One hundred and twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Colonel Lane, INinety- seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, distinguished themselves by their conduct on this occasion.- From this time until July 2 the division remained in old camp. July 2, moved to the left and relieved Gen- eral Wood. On this night the enemy retired. July 3, marched through Marietta, General Stanley leading. Formed at Neal Dow Station, to the left and rear of General Stanleys division, which had encountered the enemy there. July 4, moved forward and formed on the left of General Sfanley, who had advanced his skirmish and main lines, took some of the enemys rifle- p its and captured prison- ers. The enemy retired this night. July 5, marched, following General Wood, who had a skirmish with the enemys cavalry near Paces Ferry, driving them over it. Encamped near Vinings Station; in reserve. July 6, remained in camp. July 7, moved camp, our left resting on Rottenwood Creek. July 8, remained in camp. July 9,p arched to Roswell to support Garrards cavalry and occupy any ground they had gained after crossing the river. Crossed the river about dusk at Shallow Ford and relieved the cavalry ,who recrossed to the north side, except their picket in front. July 10, adjusted our lines and made a t~te-de-pont. General Dodge, with two divis- ions of the Sixteenth Corps, arrived to-day and relieved our front line. July 11, recrossed the river and went into camp on hills near Shallow Ford. July 12, moved back to our old camp at Rotten- wood Creek. July 13, crossed the river at Powers Ferry, and formed on the left of General Wood. Remained in this position till the 18th. July 18, moved to Buck Head, my division in advance. Encountered the enemys cavalry at Nancys Creek and skirmished all the way wit Page 297 CHAP. t.] 1~EPORTS. ETC.AT~MY OF THE CUMBERLKND. 297 them, Colonel Opdycke commanding skirmishers. Encamped at Buck Head. July 19, sent out a reconnaissance on a road leading to Dec.atur, and found the enemy at one of the forks of Peach Tree Creek. At 6 p. m. the division moved to Peach Tree Creek. Kimballs bri- gade was sent over to re-enforce one of General Woods brigades across the creek. July 20, General Woods division having been or- dered to recross the creek and move to the left, the whole of my divis- ion was thrown over Peach Tree Creek, taking position in the intrench- ments left by General Wood. I was informed by Qeneral Howard that I was to consider myself detached from the corps for that day, and was to receive orders from General Thomas, who arrived upon the ground about noon. My orders were, as soon as the Twentieth Corps had crossed the creek and effected a junction with me, to advance on the main road to Atlanta. The junction having been completed. at 1 p. m. a strong skirmish line of five regiments, under Colonel Barrett, Forty-fourth Illinois, was ordered forward to take the next ridge in our front. This was handsomely done, and the division moved forward to the skirmish line, General Kimballs brigade taking post on the right of the road, the Second Brigade, under Colonel Blake, on the left of the road, four pieces of Good- speeds battery being placed between these brigades on the road. Colonel Bradleys (Third) brigade formed along the road, nearly per- peudicular to the line of the other two brigades. The formation was as near as possible that of a T, Bradleys brigade forming the tail of it. The men of Kimballs and Blakes brigades at once set toward making log and rail barricades. The old skirmish line was relieved by a new detail of three regiments, under Colonel Conrad, Fifteenth Missouri. The Fifty-seventh Indiana was sent along the ridge to my left as far as Pea Vine Creek to scout and watch for any approach of the enemy from that quarter. The One hundredth Illinois, to my left and rear, was in the bottom land, in the angle between Peach Tree and Pea Vine Creeks, skirmishing with the enemy on the other side of Pea Vine. Everything being ready for an advance, the skir- mishers, under Colonel Conrad, were thrown forward. Immedi- ately on moving they encountered a sharp fire from the enemys pickets, but they pressed forward until they came in contact with an almost continuous line of skirmish pits. Colonel Conrad sent back a report that he had found the enemy in force. This was immedi- ately communicated to General Thomas, who ordered me to remain where I was for the day and intrench. Directly after the enemy made an attack on us in columns and lines, passing through our front skirmish line, which fell back on our maiu lines. The Fifty- seventh and One hundredth Illinois, however, on our flank and rear, being cut off by this movement, recrossed Peach Tree Creek and took position on the north bank, where they did valuable service in repelling the attempts of small bodie.s of the enemy to cross the creek and get at our trains. The enemy attacked my position by divisions obliquely in echelon. Bates (rebel) division passed clear of my left through the woods and emerged into the bottom land, between Peach Tree and Pea Vine Creeks, evidently aiming at the bridge. I had fortunately kept two guns of Goodspeeds battery in the rear, on the road, at the angle of the works vacated by General Wood. With these guns, which I put into position, and a few of the pickets who had been driven in alongside of them, this column of Bates was checked and driven back into the woods. At th Page 298 298 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (Cm. L. same 4ime Walkers (rebel) division attacked my left and center, and almost immediately after another heavy column (Cheathams, I think) attacked Kimballs right, which at this time was 500 or 600 yards in the advance of General Hookers line of battle. A portion of the enemy passing around Kimballs right, he was compelled to take a regiment from his line of battle and form against them, this regiment, firing into their flank, dispersing them and driving them off to the right. On the left of Blakes brigade the enemys column succeeded in getting around his flank. Colonel Lane, IN Piety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, ordered the pionaers of the brigade to fire into them, fix bayonets and charge, which was done, and the column dispersed. Colonel Bradley, from the road, threw forward some of his regiments to the support of Blakes left, connecting him with the road upon which the rest of his brigade was. The enemy advanced quite near the road, but were repulsed by Bradleys (Third) brigade, who employed their leisure time in throwing up a barricade along the road. This first attack lasted about thirty minutes before it was finally repelled. In the mean time Bates division attempted another movement to our rear. Spencers battery of four guns had arrived and was in position, besides the section of Goodspeeds in the rear, and a battery of the Twentieth Corps, which happened to cross at the same bridge I used, had gone into position, as I understood, under the immediate supervision of General Thomas. This force easily repulsed the attempt of the enemy. The Twentieth Corps was not in position on the ridge when the attack commenced on me, and they had barely time to get there before the enemy, if, indeed, the enemy did not a little anticipate them. The attack on this corps began after my division had been engaged some fifteen minutes. After the first attack until sundown the en- emy made frequent attacks on my line, though none so severe as the first, and a constant fire had to be kept up along my lines until~ dark. Owing to the partial protection of the rail barricades, and the fine natural position, my loss was very slight, amounting to 102 casualties, of whom 6 were reported missing. During this fight my division held the left of the troops engaged. I do not know the interval which separated me from the rest of the corps, but I think it was about two miles. The importance of the position held by my division cannot be too highly estimated, composed of a ridge nearly parallel to Peach Tree Creek, its left termination being on Pea Vine, and its right extending, I think, indefinitely. Connecting the bridge with this ridge was a spur, on the summit of which the road ran nearly at right angles with the ridge. On each side of the spur was low, rolling ground, commanded by the spur. Had the enemy obtained this position the right wing of the army would probably have been rolled back into the angle between Peach Tree Creek and the Chattahoochee, and entirely separated from the left and center. The road to Buck Head would have been in the ene- mys possession, and, beside the destruction of material, a heavy loss in men would have been the result of such disaster. During all this time I had but a single line, and even that was not suffi- cient to cover the space enveloped by the enemy, but regiments fre- quently had to be moved from point to point to meet some exi- gency. Among those who highly distinguished themselves on this day I mention the names of General Kimball, Colonel Bradley, an Page 299 Ciui~. LI 1~EPORTS, ETC.A1~M~ OF TH1~ CUMBflILLAND. 299 Colonel Blake, ~o~manding brigades, and Colonel Lane, Ninety- seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. July 21, the day was devoted to rest, and to the burial of the dead. In the afternoon a reconnais- sance was made by Colonel Lane, which developed the enen~iy in respectable force. In the night the enemy retired to Atlanta. July 22, marched on the road toward Atlanta, my division coming in rear of the corps, and took post on both sides of the main road, intrenching the position. From this date till the night of August 25, when we evacuated our position in front of Atlanta, our time was usefully employed in adjusting lines, constructing iiew lines, in brisk skirmishes with the enemy, and in demonstrations. The posi- - tion of the enemy became perfectly known to us, and was found to be impregnable to attack. August 25, evacuated our lines before Atlanta about midnight without annoyance from the enemy, this division bringing tip the rear of the corps, and marched to Proc- tors Creek. August 26, crossed Proctors Creek, no enemy follow- ing but a thin skirmish line; crossed Utoy Creek and encamped, this division leading. August 27, left at 3 p. in., bringing up the rear of the corps and guarding the baggage train; passing the rest of the corps in camp, and crossed Camp Creek, covering the road to Fairburn. August 28, moved second in order of march, and took position near Red Oak, on the West Point railroad. August 29, remained in camp. August 30, niarched first in order, and took position at Manns house. Our march this day was much impeded by the Fourteenth Corps. August 31, crossed Crooked Creek- at the mill; remained there to guard the trains and artillery, while the rest of the cfrps moved forwi~xd to strike the railroad. Toward evening took up position on the right of the First Division. Sep- tember 1, marched toward Jonesborough by the railroad, destroying the track as we went, the First Division in the lead. Late in the afternoon proceeded to Jonesborough, where the division was formed to attack and turn the enemy, this division being on the extreme left. We advanced rapidly, driving the enemys s~kirmish- ers before us over ground very unfavorable for attack, and did not stop till darkness put an end to the days operations. When we rested my lines of battle were 600 or 700 yards in advance of any other troops, and was completely in rear of the enemy. We took one of their hospitals. I lost about 13 men of my pickets captured, from the fact that in the darkness they became mixed up with small straggling bodies of the enemy, and for the same reason I took a much larger number of them. My loss in the advance on the skir- mish line was about 40 killed and wounded. Had one hours more light been afforded us it is certain that the days operations would have been much more decisive in the defeat of the enemy. Sept em- ber 2, marched to Lovejoys Station in advance, forming on the left of the railroad. In the afternoon the whole corps moved to the attack of the enemy; found the enemy in my front, strongly intrenched, with open ground for several hundred yards in advance of their posi- tion across which it would have been impossible to advance with any hope of success. From the circumstances of the case my attack was a skirmish fight: September 3, 4, and 5, remained in camp strengthening my position. Left on the night of the 5th for Jones- borough. September 6, remained in camp near Jonesborough. Sep- tember 7, broke up camp and marched toward Atlanta, second in order, and encamped at Sykes house. September 8. marched t Page 300 300 TIlE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. (CHAP. L Atlanta, bringing up the rear of the corps, without annoyance from the enemy. Passed through Atlanta, and encamped on the Decatur road, about three- miles from the center of the city. In the foregoing I have said but little of the artilleryBattery A, First Ohio, Captain Goodspeed, and Battery M, First Illinois, Cap- tain Spencer. I cannot conclude this report without bearing testi- mony to the gallantry and efficiency with which these batteries have been served throughout this campaign. Placed in every position as occasion served, sometimes on theskirmish line, again in line of battle and at other times replying to the enemys guns at lou grange, I have never called upon them in vain to repel an attack, or to silence the enemys batteries. I have been ably and zealously seconded by the brigade command- ers, Generals Kimball, Wagner, and the lamented Harker, General Bradley, Colonels Sherman and Opdycke. I wish likewise to call the attention Qf the commanding general to the efficiency and gallantry of my staff: Captain Tinney, at one time assistant adjutant-general of the division; Capt. J. S. Bliss, aide-de-camp, Sixty-seventh New York Volunteers, wounded; Lient. H. W. Jackson, aide-de-camp, Fourth New Jersey Volunteers, wounded at Kenesaw, June 27; Lient. E. Ca~rington, aide-de-camp; Captain Ransom, provost-marshal, Forty-fourth Illinois; Captain Morgan, acting assistant inspector-general, Seventy-third Illinois; and also to the zeal and efficiency with which their respective duties were perfornied by Captain Mallory, commissary of subsistence; Lieutenant Van Pelt, acting assistant quartermaster; Captain Hill, assistant quartermaster; Lieutenant Douglass, ordnance officer; and by Doctors Bowman and Glick, chief surgeons of the division. Throughout this campaign of four months duration, undertaken in the heats of summer, unprecedented in the fatigues and ex- posures it has caused, I have had more than reason to be proud of the officers and men of this division. In battles, in bloody skir- mishes, in marches, they have more than realized my expectations. Report of casualties in Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, from May 3 to September 8, 1864, inclusive. Killed, wounded. Missing. Total. Command. [ . ,~ 60 a a a a o a a a a ____________ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ First Brigade 7 134 31 593 2 47 40 774 814 Second Brigade 11 100 39 624 21 50 745 795 ThirdBrigade 18 155 51 773 25 69 953 1,022 Battery A, First Ohio Artillery I 13 14 14 Battery M, First Illinois Artillery 1 13 14 14 Total 30 391 121 2,016 2 93 159 2,500 2,659 Respectfully submitted. JOHN NEWTON, Brigadier- General, Commanding. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Army of the Cumberland Page 301 301 CHAP. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. ADDENDA. Report of casualties in Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, for the month end ing May 31, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Command. l~ be o ~ bC G) be 0 First Brigade, Brig. Gen. N. Kimball 1 74 15 310 4 404 Second Brigade, Brig. Gen. G. D. Wagner 2 9 8 109 2 130 Third Brigade, Brig. Gen. C. G. Harker 5 73 14 314 4 450 Battery M, First Illinois Light Artillery, Capt G . 3 3 W. Spencer. Battery A, First Ohio Light Artillery, Capt. W F . S S ~ Total 8 156 37 781 10 992 JOHN NEWTON, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Report of casualties in Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, from May 3 to June 5. 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Command. be G) ~j. .5 . ~ be Q be 0 9 0 ~ Headquarters, Brigadier-General Newton 2 2 First Brigade, Brigadier-General Kimball 1 74 i5 310 4 404 Second Brigade, Brigadier-General Wagner 2 11 8 117 3 141 Third Brigade, Brig. Gen. C. G. Harker 6 77 18 395 2 498 Battery M, First illinois Artillery, Capt. G. W 2 2 Spencer. Battery A, First Ohio Artillery, Capt. W. F. Good- 7 speed. Total 9 162 41 831 11 1,054 7 JOHN NEWTON, Brigadier-General, Commanding. HDQRS. SECOND DIVIsION, FOURTH ARMY CORPS, June 6, 1864. Report of casualties Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, for the month ending June 30,1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. Command. be C C ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ First Brigade Second Brigade Third Brigade Battery M, First Illinois Artillery.. Battery A, First Ohio Artillery Division headquarters 4 45 8 83 11 64 12 26 32 i. 190 421 320 7 5 24 13 19 17 259 34 517 43 403 8 6 Total 231 194 7L 9431 1 56 95! 1,193 Error in First Brigade 276 551 446 8 6 1,288 20 1,303 JOHN NEWTON, Brigad icr- Gene rat, Commanding Page 302 302 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Onis. L.; Report of casuuities in Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, for the month ending July 31, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Command. 0 ~ Q ~ ~ FirstBrigade,Brig.Gen.N.Kimball 8 1 45 2 58 SecondBrigade,Brig Gen G D.Wagner 7 4 45 3 59 ThirdB ade,Co1.LP7~radley 1 12 4 58 2 75 Battery M, First Illinois Artillery, Capt. G. W 3 3 Spencer. Battery A, First Ohio Artillery, Lieut. C. W. Sco- 3 3 vii Total 1 27 9 152 7 198 Respectfully submitted. JOHN NEWTON, Brigadier-General, Commanding. Report of casualties occurring in the Second Division, Fonrth Army Corps, during the month of August, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Total. Command. C ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ FirstBrigade.~ 2 3 1 4 1 9 10 SecondBrigade 1 20 3 1 23 24 ThirdBrigade 1 14 1 14 15 Total 2 2 37 1 7 3 46 49 Respectfully submitted. JOHN NEWTON, Brigadier-General, Commanding. NEAR ATLXNTA, GA., September 13, 1864. No. 33. Report of Brig. Gen. Nathan Kimball, U. S. Army, comma mding First Brigade, of operations .2IIay 22-August 4. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Near Atlanta, Ga., August 4, 1864. SIR: I have the honor to report that in obedience to Special Field Orders, No. 139, extract 6, dated headquarters Department of the Cumberland, May 20, 1864, I assumed command of the First Bri- gade of your division on the 22d day of May, 1864, the brigade being then in camp at Two-Run Creek, near Kingston, Ga. Having no data from which to compile a history of the actions of this brigade previous to that date,.J shall with this report only speak of its move- ments while under my command. On the 23d, in obedience to your order, the brigade marched, bivouacking that night near Stilesborough, the 24th near Burnt Hickory, and on the night of the 25th east of Pumpkin Vine Creek, and about two miles from it, in line of battle, the enemy being poste Page 303 CHAP. Li REPORTS, ETC.-ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 303 in strong works at a fork of the roads in front, near New Hope Church, in which position I remained the 26th, skirmishing with sharpshooters constantly. On the morning of the 27th at sunrise a strong demonstration was made in my immediate front with artil- lery and the skirmishers of my command, which ceased at 9 oclock. At 2 p. m. I succeeded in advancing my line to a position which nearly enfiladed the enemys line in front of General Wagners bri- gade (Second). Goodspeeds battery having reported to me, was p laced in position near my right. At 3.30 oclock the enemy made a charge, driving my skirmishers to their reserves, but was by them checked and repulsed with severe loss. After his repulse the enemy demon- strated strongly until 6.30 p. in., undoubtedly with a view to cover a movement of troops to his right, which movement was at that time discovered to be going on. His demonstrations ceased about the time of the attack of General Woods (Third) division to our left. From the 27th of May until the 5th of June, when the enemy disap- peared from the (our) front, I remained in my advanced position, skirmishing hotly and continually with him day and night; in fact the affair moreTesembled a continuous battle than a skirmish. On the 6th of June I was ordered by you to cover with my brigade the movement of the corps hospitals, and in compliance bivouacked that night near Browns Mill creek. On the 8th, the movement of the hospitals being completed, my command joined the division at Alla- toona Creek, near Acworth, bringing in 8 prisoners. One of them, a cavalry scout, well mounted and armed, was captured by the com- missary sergeant of the Eighty-eighth Illinois, while he (the ser- geant) was bathing, naked and unarmed. On the 11th I was placed in reserve, and moved with my command to a point about three and a half miles west, northwest from Kenesaw Mountain, and so re- mained the 12th and 13th, each day in line of battle, to support the Second Brigade, should it become necessary. On the 14th our line advanced about a mile toward the enemys works, his sharpshooters skirmishing and falling back. On the 16th the enemys skirmish line was strengthened and strongly resisted farther advance, but was finally driven back another mile, and at night my brigade.biv- ouacked within 1,000 yards of his main line of works. On the 16th I was again ordered to the front with my command, and that day advanced to a ridge about 500 yards from the enemys works, and threw up fortifications under a severe and destructive fire from his lines. A battery was placed in position near my left about mid- night, and at daylight the 17th the enemys skirmishers disappeared from my front, when it was discovered that during the night he had evacuated his fortified position and taken up a new one, also forti- fied, nearly a mile and a half to his rear. By your order the brigade moved forward, and that night bivouacked about three-fourths of a mile from the enemys new line. On the 18th my command was ad- vanced to a point in front of the west end of Kenesaw Mountain, and bivouacked near Noyes Creek, which position was acquired after severe skirmishing. On the 19th n~y command was advanced across Noyes Creek, driving the enemy before them, and capturing 40 prisoners. The Thirty-sixth Illinois, under Col. S. Miller, and the Eighty-eighth Illinois Infantry, Colonel Chandler, formed my skir- mish line, and were for a short time hotly engaged. My loss in this affair was 3 killed, 16 wounded, and 6 missing. On the 20th the bri- gade was relieved by a brigade from the Fourteenth Army Corps, and withdrawn across the creek. On the 21st the brigade, as the righ Page 304 - ~3O4 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN [CHAP. L. of your division, was moved toward our right until it connected with Butterfields division, of the Twentieth Army Corps, and at 4 p. m. was advanced to a ridge about 600 yards from the enemys works, when fortifications were thrown up quickly, under a constant fire from his skirmishers and main lines. From the 5th to the 22d of June there was heavy rain each day, and the command suffered great hardships, being constantly engaged in skirmishing or fight- ing with the enemy, bivouacking without tents, and often in wet and unhealthy positions. The brigade remained, skirmishing contin- ually day and night, in the same general position taken on the 21st, until the morning of the 27th. without change, except to advance part of the line in connection with General Harkers, on my left, to a point about 450 yards from the enemys main works. On the 27th, in obedience to your orders, my command was formed in close col- umn by divisions, right in front, to support the Second and Third Brigades in an assault upon the enemys works. My position was on the left, and retired from that occupied by General Wagners brigade, at the time the assault commenced. At 9 a~ in., General Wagner having advanced to near the enemys rifle-pits, and then been checked, I was ordered by you to advance my command and take the works, if possible. M~ column was immediately in motion, advancing with fixed bayonets, Col. W. W. Barrett, of the Forty- fourth Illinois Infantry, in immediate charge of the right wing, and the Seventy-fourth Illinois Infantry, under command of Lieut. Col. James B. Kerr, in the front. The column pushed forward, under a thick undergrowth of brush, to the edge of the woods, within sev- enty yards of the enemys abatis, where the Seventy.fourth Illinois dep1oyed and rushed forward. From the time of starting until it reached the edge of the woods, the head of my column was exposed to a most destructive fire of canister from the enemys battei~ies, and the Seventy-fourth Illinois, upon debouching from the woods and deploying, was swept away by it and the murderous fire of the en- emys riflemen. Still those of the regiment who did not fall pressed forward and reached the parapet of the enemys works, when Lieu- tenant-Jolonel Kerr was wounded and captured, with 11 of his brave fellows. At the time the second regiment, the Eighty-eighth Illi- nois Infantry, was about to deploy, your order to halt and remain where I was reached me. The halt Was made, Wagners brigade was withdrawn, and I was ordered to fall back behind our works, which movement was accomplished without confusion, under a most terrific fire from the enemy. My loss in this action was 194 killed, wounded, and missing, nearly all of whom were from the Seventy- fourth, Eighty-eighth, and Forty-fourth Illinois Regiments, and neither of which numbered 160 men. The loss of officers in my c6mmand in this action was in remarkable disproportion to that of enlisted men, being one to six. Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler, of the Eighty-eighth Illinois Infantry, a most brave and worthy officer, was killed, and Colonel Miller, Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantry, and Lieutenant-Colonel Kerr, who was captured, were wounde an have since died. Many of my dead an~ wounded were between the enemys abatis and their works, and were left there until the even- ing of the 28th, when they were recovered through an arrangement made for that purpose by Major Sabin, of the Forty-fourth Illinois Infantry, my brigade officer of the day, and Lieutenant-Colonel Martin, of Arkansas, the officer of the day for the enemy in our front Page 305 On~. L.]1 REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 305 My command remained in the same position as before the action, until I was ordered by you to relieve a part of Woods division to- ward our left on the 2d of July. That night the enemy evacuated their position at Kenesaw Mountain, and on the 3d the brigade marched with -the division throug~ Marietta and bivouacked near the railroad about four miles south of that place. During the day of the 4th of July my command was engaged in hotly skirmishing with the enemy, who retired during the night, and on the 5th the march was continued to Vinings Station, near which p lace my com- mand was bivouacked between the railroad and the Chattahoochee River. On the 6th the division was moved to a position along the southerly bank of the Rottenwood Creek, where I was bivouacked on the left of the line, and there remained until the 9th; on that day my brigade marched to Roswell Factor~, forded the Chattahoochee River, and intrenched in a position on t e south side of it, where the command remained until the 11th, when, being relieved by a part of the Sixteenth Army Corps, I was ordered by you to recross the river and bivouacked on the north side. On the 12th the command marched back to the old position on Rottenwood Creek, and on the morning of the 13th again crossed the Chattahoochee River on the pontoon bridge at Powers Ferry, and went into position about two miles from the river at the forks of the main road, my brigade on the left, akd retired from the main line, where it fortified and re- mained until sunrise the morning of the 18th, when the march was commenced toward Atlanta on the Buck Head road. My brigade was bivouacked that night on the left of the road at Buck Head. By your order I detailed the Seventy-fourth Illinois and the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin Infantry Regiments to make a reconnaissance toward Peach Tree Creek on the Decatur road, which movement was made at early dawn the 19th, and developed the fact that the rebel infan- try in that vicinity had retired to the south side of Peach Tree Creek. At 5 p. m. the division marched on the Atlanta road to Peach Tree Creek, and my brigade was halted on the north side of it until 11 p. in., when, by your order, I crossed to the south side and took up a position to the right of and supporting General Hazens brigade, of Woods division. Early in the morning of the 20th General Hazens brigade, of Woods division, was withdrawn, the troops being re- lieved by my brigade and the balance of your division. On the morning of the 20th 1 was ordered by you to deploy a strong skir- mish line and seize -the enemys advance works, well posted on a ridge about 600 yards in our front. In obedience to the order, I sent out the Thirty-sixth, Seventy-fourth, and Eighty-eighth Illinois Regi- ments, deployed and under the command of Cot W. W. Barrett, of the Forty-fourth Illinois; these regiments were supported by the Ninety-seventh Ohio, Colonel Lane, and the Twenty-eighth Ken- tucky, Major Barth, of the Second Brigade, as a reserve. The skirmish line advanced at noon and quickly drove the rebels from their pits, capturing a number of prisoners. Discovering a ridge about 400 yards farther to the front commanding that just taken, Colonel Barrett pushed forward his line and seized that a so without serious opposition, taking prisoner a surgeon and 2 privates, with an ambulance and team. The possession of this hill proved of the most vital importance in the action which followed. My command was at once moved up to it, the skirmish line relieved by three fresh regiments from my command, the Fifteenth Missouri, Twenty-fourth J~ ~YOL XXXVIII, PT Page 306 306 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. Wisconsin, and Seventy-third Illinois, all under immediate charge of Col. J. Conrad, of the Fifteenth Missouri, and the brigade placed in position, with the Eighty-eighth Illinois on the left of the road, and the Forty-fourth, Seventy-fourth, and Thirty-sixth Illinois Regi- ments on the right of it. Fouruns of Goodspeeds battery came up and were so posted at the road as to well cover the front and each side. Colonel Blake, commanding th~ Second Brigade, came up promptly and was placed in position by me, his right coniiecting with my left, and extending to the left on a prolongation of my line. with his left retired. The left of the Twentieth Corps had at this time crossed the Peach Tree Creek, but had not come up, so my right was entirely uncovered. Arms were stacked in line aiid every man fell to work with the greatest activity to throw up breast-works for themselves and the battery; but these were hardly commenced when, at 3 p. in., a rapid firing was heard on our picket-line in my front; my skirmishers were driven in, closely followed by the enemy in two lines of battle, charging with great confidence with a rapidity and an absence of confusion I have never seen equaled. My men seized their guns and formed to resist the enemys advance. He was re- pulsed with terrible loss in our front, but his lines were soon discov- ered to extend far beyond my right. To attack the left of the Twen- tieth Corps he passed my right flank, and the Seventy-third Illinois, which had been dri yen in from the picket-line, was formed nearly at right angles with the front line to cover and protect it. When the enemy had been repulsed by the left of the Twentieth Corps he was obliged in retiring to expose himself to an enfilading fire from this regiment. This fire was so deadly that great numbers of the rebels covered themselves in a small ravine and were captured by the Twentieth Corps, which followed them closely until opposite the right of my line. At the same time the enemy passed my right the sound of artillery and musketry in~ rear of the left of Colonel Blakes brigade showed that the enemys lines extended also beyond ourleft, and that there was great danger of being cut off from the bridge over the Peach Tree Creek and surrounded, but no man left his post. Repulsed at every point where he had met Union troops, the enemy fell back, and reforming his lines, made aiiother desperate attempt to drive us from our position, but with no better success than before. Still he kept up a rapid fire, and seemed persistent in his efforts to find a weak point through which he could force his way, until about 6 oclock, when he retired, leaving most of his dead and wounded where they fell. Had the enemy recovered possession of the hill on wh~h Colonel Blakes and my own brigades were posted, he would have been able to command the p lain over which the left of the Twentieth Corps was moving andt o enfilade the position to be taken by it, and the desperate efforts made by hini to retake the hill are indicated by the loss of many officers of high rank in close proximity to our lines. The troops which attacked our position were Bates, Walkers, and a part of Cheathams divisions, esteemed among the best in the rebel service, and prisoners relate that no doubt whatever was felt that we would be swept from the ridge by their superior numbers, or, remaining, would be easily cap- tured by their turning our leftand cutting us off from the crossing ofthe Peach Tree Creek. During the night succeeding the action the enemy was actively engaged with a large force removing hi~ dead and wounded from such parts of the field near our lines as hQ could approach in the darkness, but he dCsisted 4 daybreak, leavin Page 307 Oiw~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 307 many dead in our liands; how many I have not now the means of exactly giving. Compared with the fnry of the enemys charges, his superior numbers, and his great losses, my own casualties were remarkably small, the total loss in the brigade being 3 killed and 31 wounded. The works were strengthened during the day of the 21st, and on the morning=of the 22d our skirmishers entered the enemys works, he having evacuated them during the night. At 9 oclock the 22d the command moved out toward Atlanta. The enemys pickets were encountered at a point two miles from the city ,and line of battle was formed and works were thrown up by us under a rapid fire of shell from his forts and intrenchments, at short range, Which, however, did but little damage. My brigade occupied the same general position which was first assigned it on the 22d until the 26th, when it was withdrawn from the frirnt and bivouacked about 600 yards to the rear, where it remained until near sundown of August 1, when it was ordered by you to move to the extreme left of our lines to a point near the Howard house and relieve a part of the Twenty-third Army Corps, which movement was accomplished early in the evening. The brigade remained in the position so taken skirmishing with and watching the enemy, without any unusual action until the 4th of August, when I was relieved from the com- mand of it and assigned to the command of the First Division of this corps, Col. E. Opdycke, of the One hundred and twenty-fifth Ohio Infantry, taking my place in the brigade. The total loss of the brigade while under my command, from the 22d day of May until the 4th day of August, was 71 killed, 341 wounded, 9 missing, and 4 captured; total 1os~, 424. All of the regiments in the brigade were small, their aggregate effective strength averaging about 175 each, and the command was many times very little larger than a full regiment. Throughout the campaign, and in every battle, the officers and men in my brigade, without any exception, have faithfully and cheer- fully performed all their duties, and there is no command in the U. S. Army composed of better men than those who make up the First Brigade, of the Second Division, Fourth Army Corps. Many of the bravest and best have fallen a sacrifice to thbir countrys cause. It is impossible for me in this report to mention all the deserving by name, but the memory of such men as Col. Silas Miller, of the Thirty-sixth Illinois, who was mortally wounded while in charge of my skirmish line on the 27th of June, at Kenesaw, and of Lieutenant-Cojonel Chandler, of the Eighty-eighth Illinois, who was killed while leading his regiment in the charge of that day, and of Lieutenant-Colonel Kerr, Seventy-fourth Illinois Infantry, who was mortally wounded and captured on the parapets of the enemys works in the same action, will never fade in the hearts of a people who appreciate the noble and the brave and the good. Col. W. W. Barrett, of the Forty-fourth Illinois Infantry, is entitled to special mention for his coolness and bravery, and I com- mend him to your favorable consideration. I also desire to speak in the highest terms of Lieutenant Scovill, of Goodspeeds (Ohio) battery, and of the brave men under him for their gallant conduct on the 20th of July. IN ever before did guns more terribly punish an enemy than did those under his command that day at Peach Tree Creek. Linetenant Turnbull, acting assistant inspector-general, and Lieu- tenant Jackson, aid& de-camp, both of my staff, were wounded a Page 308 308 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [Ca& p. L. New Hope Church while reconnoitering the picket-line1 Lieutenant Turnbull losing a leg, and both being disabled from further field duty to this date. Capt. E. D7 Mason, assistant adjutant-general, Capt. A. G. La- kin, acting assistant adjutant-general, and Lieutenants Burrill and McMurtry, aides-de camp, gave new evidences of their gallantry in the battles of the 27th of June and the 20th of July, and I am in- debted to them for their promptness in conveying my orders and their faithfulness in executing all their duties as members of my staff; I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, NATHAN KIMBALL, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers. AssT. ADJT. GEN., SECOND Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS. Report of canualties in the First Brigade, Second Division, Fourth Army Corp8, for the month of May, 1864. 7 7 Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. Command. - ~,i - a 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 88th Illinois Infantry 14 3 53 5 67 74th Illinois Infantry 11 1 43 1 1 55 73d Illinois Infantry 6 1 22 1 28 44th Illinois Infantry 8 2 53 2 61 .36th Illinois Infantry 14 5 64 5 78 24th Wisconsin Infantry 1 13 3 43 1 4 57 15th Missouri Infantry 8 29 2 39 28th Kentucky (detachment) 3 3 Total 1 74~i5 310 4 16 388 Capt. J. S. RANSOM, NATHAN KIMBALL Brigadier-General, Commanding. Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. Casualties in the First Brigade, Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, from June 1 to June 30, inclusive. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Prisoners. Command. ~ .~ a 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 88th Illinois Volunteers 1 7 1 14 23 74thlllinoisVolunteers 3 17 5 53 73d Illinois Volunteers 5 10 15 44th Illinois Volunteers 6 3 35 4 48 36th Illinois Volunteers 5 1 48 3 57 24th Wisconsin Volunteers 4 2 22 28 15th Missouri Volunteers I 8 1 10 Total 4 45 12 190 21 1 3 276 Respectfully submitted, NATHAN KIMBALL, ]3rigadier-General, ComrnandinU Page 309 CHAP. LI REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CtJMBERLAND. ~O9 Casualties in the First Brigade, Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, during the month of June, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Prisoners. S Command. . H H H H H H H H bS 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 88th Illinois Volunteers 1 8 1 19 29 74th IllinoiS Volunteers 23 4 ~ 73d Illinois Volunte.rs 3 12 . 15 44th illinois Volunteers 8 3 3 5 36th illinois Volunteers 58 4 3 ...... 7 72 24th Wisconsin Volunteers 4 2 22 28 15th Missouri Volunteers 4 . 9 13 Total 4 54 13.199. 20 1 5 296 Respectfully submitted. NATHAN KIMBALL, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. J. S. RANSOM, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 34. Report of Col. Emerson Opdycke, One hundred and twenty-fifth Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations August 6September 8. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Atlanta, Ga., September 10, 1864. CAPTAIN: I respectfully make the following report of the oper- ations of this brigade from August 6, 1864, when, in obedience to division orders, I assumed command, to the capture of Atlanta: I found the brigade composed of the Eighty-eighth Illinois, Major Smith; Seventy-fourth Illinois, Captain Bryan; Seventy-third Illi- nois, Major Motherspaw; Forty-fourth Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Russell; Thirty-sixth Illinois, Captain McNeal; Twenty-fourth Wis- consin, Major MacArthur; Fifteenth Missouri, Colonel Conrad, all aggregating an effective force of 1,143 officers and men. It was the extreme left of the infantry forces and but a few rods from the How- ard house. The First Brigade of First Division was to my right and Colonel Mintys brigade of cavalry to my left. My pickets occupied the old works, where the Fifteenth Corps fought in the engagement of the 22d of July. At 5 p. m. August 6 1 was ordered to make a demonstration toward Atlanta, with a re-enforced skirmish line. The demonstra- tion was continued till dusk, when the original status was resumed without casualty. August 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, nothing but the ordi- nary picket duty was required of this brigade. 12th, at 11 a. m. made a reconnaissance to the front with two of my regiments and two of the First Division. Drove back the rebel pickets and got a good view of their main works on the Decatur road. Lost 1 man killed. Returned by 2 p. m. 13th and 14th, all quiet in my com Page 310 310 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. mand. 15th, the cavalry left and my lines were extended to the left. 16th, at 8.20 p. m. received orders to move a thousand yards to the left; the movement was effected at once. 17th, ordered ready to move with great secrecy to-morrow at dusk. 18th, had fires built to my left to the extent of another brigade to induce the enemy to believe we were developing our left. Orders to move suspended. 19th, the brigade on my left, Colonel Kirbys, moved to the front to make a demonstration and my command was deployed into a single rank to hold the works in part thus vacated. Resumed old position in evening. 20th, General Grose made a reconnaissance and two of my regiments supported him; back by 10.30 a. m. 21st, 22d, and 23d, were quiet; only continued the fires on my left. 24th, received orders to move at night-fall to-morrow with sixty rounds of ammu- nition to each man, and the strictest secrecy to be observed. 25th, at 6.45 p. m. my brigade cdmmenced the movement; arrived at division headquarters at 7.45 p. in., and there awaited the passing , of the First and Third Divisions. Resumed the march at 12 at night on the Buck Head road for some distance, then turned to the left, and at 4 oclock night bivouacked near Proctors Creek. 26th, the rebel skirmishers advanced toward us in ear,lly a. m. Took de- fensive position, my brigade on the left, General Bradley on my right. The enemy shelled my left, but did no harm. We soon moved toward the Sandtown road. Crossed Proctors Creek rapidly, my brigade leading, and were soon in rear of the Twenty-third Corps. Bridged and crossed Utoy Creek, the banks of which were full from recent rains, and bivouacked in battle order some distance from the other brigades of the division and in a strong position. 27th, moved at about 3 p. in., my brigade in rear of the train. Got into a strong position after dark and put up works, General Wag- ners brigade on my left and the Fifteenth Army Corps on my right. 28th, did not get thoroughly on the road till 4p.m.; moved slowly on, the Fourteenth Army Corps leading; bivouacked after dark in two lines. 29th, took up defensive position in early a. in., General Wagner on my right and General Bradley on my left. Threw up breast-works. Ordered ready to move at 6 a. m. to-morrow. 30th, marched at 6 a. in., my brigade leading. Soon found a few cavalry; took 2 and killed another. Enemy made quite a sharp stand near the Widow Longs and another at Manns house. The Eighty-eighth Illinois, Major Smith, and the Thirty-sixth Illinois, Lieutenant- Colonel Olson commanding, charged and drove them out of rail barricades in a handsome manner. We put up works at this house and bivouacked for the night, some of Third Brigade on my right and some of it on my left. 31st, the Twenty-third Corps came up in late morning, and at 10.30 a. m. we all advanced toward the Macon railroad. Soon crossed the headwaters of Flint River, and at dusk bivouacked in line of battle and put up defensive works. September 1, marched at 10.30 a. m. ,and soon came to the railroad, whi6h we destroyed as we moved toward Jonesborough. When near the town and late in the p. m. I was ordered by General Newton to form in three lines and arrest the enemy, if possible. I was to guide right upon the Second Brigade, the Third Brigade to my left. The Seventy-fourth Illinois, Captain Bryan, was deployed as skirmish- ers, with orders to connect with General Wagners left; and the Seventy-third Illinois, Major Motherspaw, was out as flankers. The brigades formed and moved forward - successively as each came up from marching by the flank, which put us in echelon, and I had t Page 311 Cui~. L.] REPORTS, ETC.ARMY OF THE CTJMBERLAND. 311 protect my flank until General Bradley came up. The Forty-fourth Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Russell, and the Twenty-fourth Wiscon- sin, Major MacArthur, formed the first line, the Forty-fourth on the right. The Eighty-eighth Illinois, Major Smith, and the Thirty- sixth Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Olson, formed the second line, the Eighty-eighth on the right. The Fifteenth Missouri, Colonel Con- rad, was opposite the interval between the regiments of the second line. Each line was about 300 yards in rear of the one in front of it, all facing east. I then moved forward by the right of companies and soon came up with the Second Brigade in a dense growth of small pines, and it was very difficult to ride through it; but the troops, to my astonishment and admiration, came out of it and into complete order in a large field, the far side of which was lined by another woods. The enemy occupied this place in too strong a force for the skirmishers to dislodge them. I then ordered the first line to charge and take the woods. They responded gallantly, and soon were sole possessors of the position. This thicket was narrow, and - then came another large an woods beyond, which gave cover to the enemy. It was quite dark, but the men were keen to push on. I orderedthe Fifteenth Missouri, Colonel Conrad, to deploy as a heavy skirmish line and rush across this field and drive the enemy from his position. The colonel displayed high qualities as a brave officer, but I had to send forward the first line to charge before the work was accomplished. This was done to my entire satisfaction, and the second line occupied the position just left by the first, and threw up rail barricades. My skirmish line advanced and passed a rebel hospital, in which was a number of their wounded, and it was too dark for further operations. It was so dark that about 13 of my skirmishers got detached from the line and were taken by the enemy. A much larger number of theirs got into my lines and were captured. We threw up works and lay upon our arms, facing~ south, till morn- ing. I lost a number of men killed and wounded. September 2, the enemy retreated last night and we pursued. About 9 a. m. passed through Jonesborough, my brigade leading, and down the left side of and on the railroad about four miles, where we found the enemy in a strong position, with earth-works, head-logs, and batteries. I formed in three lines, threw forward a heavy skirmish line, and, with my right hugging the railroad, advanced briskly and drove the en- emys skirmish line and came under the fire of his main works. The Fifteenth Corps was on my right, the Third Brigade on my left. My first line a dvanced until it was flanked by the enemy on the right of the railroad embankment, which he used as a cover to enfilade my line. My skirmishers were 100 yards farther to the front. The assault on our left having failed, we were ordered back after dark to good positions, where we threw up works and rested one night. 3d and 4th, were quiet, except heavy picket-firing. 5th, at 8 p. m. we retired to Jonesborough, my brigade leading, and occupied the same position we left on the morning of the 2d. 6th, we strength- ened and rectified our lines. 7th, marched at 7 a. m. for Atlanta, where we arrived at noon of the 8th. Passed through the city and camped in its eastern suburbs and near the Howard house. I desire to record my admiration of the fearless and intelligent performance of duty to our holy cause by my regimental command-. ers. Lieutenant Jackson, acting assistant adjutant- general, deserves official mention for devotion, efficiency, and gallantry. Lieutenant Thomson was efficient with the pioneers Page 312 312 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. My losses were: Killed, 1 officer and 7 men; wounded, 4 officers and 29 men; missing, 2 men; prisoners, 1 officer and 13 men; aggre- gate, 57. We captured 33 prisoners, one of them a surgeon. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, EMERSON OPDYCKE, Capt. GEORGE LEE, Colonel, Commanding. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Division, Fourth Army Corps. A DDENDA. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Near Atlanta, Ga., September 9, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the following statement of casualties for the month of August, 1864: Command. i4th Illinois Infantry Volunteers 88th Illinois Infantry Volunteers 44th Illinois Infantry Volunteers 86th Illinois Infantry Volunteers 786 Illinois Infantry Volunteers 24th Wisconsin Infantry Volun- teers. 15th Missouri Infantry Volunteers Total Killed. Wounded. captin~ed. ~ .~ ~ C C C 1 2 2 3 4 Missing. Total. r uS 4) 4) 4) C ~ C ~ 1 1 4 1 3 9 45 5 1 3 10 Received during the month 15 rebel deserters. Respectfully, your obedient servant, C. MCMURTRY, Lieutenant and Provost-Marshal. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., SECOND Div., 4TH ARMY CORPS, Near Atlanta, Ga., September 9, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the following statement of casualties for the first six days of September, 1864: Killed. - Wounded. - Captured. Missing. Total. 4 I S Regiments. I 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) I o u 4) 4) 4) ~o C ~ C ~ C ~ C ~ C ~ 74th Illinois Infantry Volunteers 2 1 12 1 14 15 88th Illinois Infantry Volunteers 2 3 5 b 44th Illinois Infantry Volunteers 10 10 10 36th Illinois Infantry Volunteers 1 2 1 3 4 ~3d Illinois Infantry Volunteers 1 1 1 1 2 24th Wisconsin Infantry Volun 1 1 4 1 4 5 teers. 15th Missouri Infantry Volunteers 2 1 4 1 6 7 Total 1 5 3 2511 12 1 5 43 48 Received during the six days in 5 ptember of rebel prisoners, officers, 1; men, 17. Respectfully, your obedient servant, A. C. MCMURTRY, Lieutenant and Provost-Marshal Page 313 CHAP. L.] lIEPORTS, ETC.AItMY OF THE CtIMBERLAND. 313 No. 35. Report of Lieut. Col. Porter C. Olson, Thirty-sixth Illinois In- fantry. HDQRS. THIRTY-SIXTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY VoLs., Atlanta, Ga., September 15, 1864. SIR: In compliance with orders to forward an account of the part taken by the Thirty-sixth Regiment Illinois Infantry in the cain- paign which resulted in the capture of Atlanta, I have the honor to submit the following report: The Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantry, Colonel Miller commanding, moved in column on the morning of May 3, 1864, with the First Bri- gade, of the Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, from Cleveland, Tenn., with an effective force of 18 officers, 315 enlisted men. Arrived at Catoosa S p rings, Ga., May 4, from which point the regi- ment marched with the brigade to Rocky Face Ridge, arriving there on the 9th, and forming part of the force that supported General Harkers brigade while driving the enemy from a part of the ridge. On the morning of the 13th of May, the enemy having left our front, we moved through Dalton, Ga., arriving at 12 m. the 14th within three miles of Resaca, Ga. At 3 p. m. of the same day, by order of the brigade commander, we were brought into action, the Thirty- sixth Illinois being the right regiment of the second line. The regi- ment moved forward over an open field swept by grape and canister to a ravine, which partly sheltered the regiment. After a few min- utes rest the regiment was ordered by Colonel Miller to move upon the enemys second line of works, the colonel not having been in- formed that we were simply to relieve a force of ours which. held the first line. The regiment behaved well. Our loss in officers and men was severe. On the morning of the 16th of May,. the enemy having again left our front, we marched through Resaca to a point one mile from Calhoun. On the 17th the Thirty-sixth Illinois was deployed as skirmishers and moved through Calhoun toward Adairs- ville. The skirmishing was very heavy, the enemy making a stub- born resistance. Before noon we lost I officer and 12 men; were relieved by the Eighty-eighth Illinois. At 5 p. m. of the same day, in accordance with orders from the brigade commander, the regi- ment was put into action and behaved with coolness and courage. The regiment again suffered severely in loss of officers and men. On the morning of the 18th of May the Thirty-sixth Illinois, in accordance with orders, started in line of march in the column for Kingston. Moved toward Dallas May 23; arrived near New Hope Church May 26. At this place we were under fire for eleven days, during which time the regiment was engaged in skirmishing, erect- ing works, and performing other duties incidcht to a position so close to the enemy. The patient endurance and determined bravery of both officers and men during this time are worthy of highest praise. June 7, we- marched to a point near Acworth, from which place, on the 10th, the regiment moved toward Kenesaw. On the 19th of June Colonel Miller was ordered by the brigade commander to advance the Thirty-sixth Illinois as skirmishers. The regiment was deployt~d and moved into a thicket so dense that but a few feet could be seen in advance; got very near the enemy before seeing them. The enemy were thrown into confu~ion, and it being utterly impossible to maintain a very regular line on our own part whil Page 314 314 THE ATlANTA CAMPAIGN. [CHAP. L. ~ advancing through such a place, we soon became mingled with the enemy. While in this condition we took (in conjunction with the Eighty-eighth Illinois) 5 officers and 25 men prisoners. Only 7 men of the Thirty-sixth Illinois were captured by them. The firing was brisk, the enemys resistance stub born, as the list of casualties ap- pended to this report will indicate. The Thirty-sixth Illinois formed part of the force ordered to storm the enemys works on the morn- ing of the 27th of June. Previous to the charge the regiment was advanced to support the skirmish line. When the charge was made the regiment moved forward with the main force. That the enemys works were not carried it seems to me was not the fault of either officers or men. It was simply an impossibility on our part of the line. The fortifications on our front consisted of heavy earth-works, deep moat, and intricate abatis. In addition to strong lines of infan- try opposed to us, our entire front was swept by discharges of grape and canister. The regiment behaved in the most gallant manner. Our losses in the charge were heavy, comprising about 33 per cent, of the officers and men present for duty. Here fell Colonel Miller, mortally wounded, a brave and patriotic young officer of rare ability. The command of the regiment now devolved upon Captain McNeal. For a short time, commencing a few days previous to this, I make my report from data in possession of the adjutant, being myself absent sick. On the 2d day of July, the enemy having left our front, the regiment marched through Marietta, Ga., toward the Chattahoochee River, crossed the river at Roswell on the 9th, and with the rest of the brigade fortified a position on the left bank of the stream. Several unimportant changes were made, when on the 18th of July the regiment marched with the army toward Atlanta, Ga. Was in battle on the left bank of Peach Tree Creek July 20. Our loss was very light and that of the enemy very severe. The regiment remained in camp near Atlanta until August 1, when with the rest of the brigade moved to the extreme left of the army near the Augusta railroad. August 24, Lieutenant-Colonel Olson took command. In accordance with orders from Colonel Opdycke, the brigade commander, the Thirty-sixth Illinois marched with the column at dark August 25, in the direct ion of the right of the army, upon the Sandtown road. We reached the Macon railroad near Rough and Ready September 1. By direction of the brigade com- mander, we formed part of the force engaged in the destruction of the railroad between Rough and Ready and Jonesborough. At 5 p. m. I received orders from Colonel Opdycke to form the regiment on the left of the Eighty-eighth Illinois in the second line, this to the left of the railroad and about one and a half miles from Jonesbo- rough. We moved forward for action; the enemy gave way before the skirmish line. The enemy having evacuated, on the 2d of September the Thirty- sixth Illinois marched with the column towardL ovejoys Station. When two miles distant, by order of Colonel Opdycke, I brought the regiment into position to the left of the railroad, the right join- ing the left of the Eighty-eighth Illinois, and, in further compliance with his order, advanced the regiment with the rest of the brigade to make a demonstration upon the enemy. We moved through a dense woods under fire from an unseen foe. Among the casualties of this day was Captain McNeal, mortally wounded. He was Page 315 Ci~.u. L.j 1U~PORTS, ETC.A1~Mt O~ TIfl~ CUMBERLA~D. 315 brave and faithful officer and a man of much personal worth. We moved back with the column from Lovejoys, arriving at Atlanta, Ga., September 8, 1864. To detail minutely the part taken by the regiment during the long campaign would extend this report to an improper length. Many brave officers and men have fallen; their memory will be cherished by a grateful country. Among the officers was Colonel Miller, mortally wounded; has since died. His loss will be mourned not only by the regiment but by all who knew him. The enlisted men of the regiment have endured the hardships and privations of this protracted struggle with a patience, zeal, and de- votion worthy of the cause. I have not room to mention particular instances of gallantry; they have cheerfully performed every labor, and faced danger in every form required of them. I cannot speak in too high terms of the conduct of the line officers, their cheerful obedience to orders, their bravery on the field, and their hearty co-operation with the regimental commander is worthy of highest praise. I desire on my own part to thank Adjutant Case for the assistance he has rendered in the management of the regiment. Surgeon Lytle and Assistant Surgeon Hatch have been untiring in their ef- forts to relieve the wounded and sick. Chaplain Haigh, in addition to active religious effort, has been of great service to the regiment in providing reading