TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 36 (Part I) AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1891 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B Title Page Page R001 TIlE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL IRECOIRDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PREPARED BY The late Lient. Col. ROBERT N. SCOTT, Third U. S. Artillery. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. REDFIELD PROCTOR, Secretary of War, BY MAJ. GEORGE B. DAVIS, U. S. A., MR. LESLIE J. PERRY, MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY, Board of Publication. SERIES IVOLUME XXXVIIN THREE PARTS. PART IREPORTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1891. 7 Page R002 6 (CO UNIv:RsITY~ K ~ N--- Additions and Corrections Page A001 TilE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL T~EGORD8 OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO SERIES IVOLUME XXXVI. (To he inserted, in the volume. ~or explanation see G-erieral Index volume, Serial Th). 130, page XXVIII.) PUBLP~HEI) UNI)ER Iii E DIRECTION OF The Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AP~SWORTH, CHIEF OF TILE RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, ANI) MR. JOSEPH W. KJRKLEY. Mr. JOE-IN ~. tIOODEV, indexer. WA S LI I N & T 0 N: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902 Page A002 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. TEXT. PART i. Page 22. Tenth line, bottom, after zotli insert [9th]. Page 96. Foot-note, erase the words All suck are designated in the Indei~ Page 151. Return of Casualties, New York, insert Capt. David Burhans, 43d Infant,y. Page 184. Return of Casualties, aggregate total Cavalry Corps, for 295 read 259. Page 290. Twenty-third line, bottom, for utterably read utterly. Page 391. Flemings report, following signature, for Captain, Commanding Regi- ment, read Gaptain, Commanding Twenty-eighth Massachusetts Vol- unteers; also erase address, Lieut. Martin Binney, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. Page 453. Smyths report, following signature, for Third Div. read Second Div. Page 543. Ninth line, top, for 6 a. vi. read 6p. m. Page 668. Erase foot-note and reference mark in last line. Page 839. Torbert to Devin, fifth lue, top, for attract read attack. Pages 11231223. Erase foot-notes No circumstantial reports on file and Of which there are no circumstantial reports on file, wherever they occur. Page 1213. Foot-note, for Formerly 6th U. S. C. H. A. read Originally ist Ala- baina Siege Artillery. PART 2. Page 6. Second foot-note, erase the words All such are designated in the index. Page 25. For Maf. R. L. Davis, address, read Ma]. F. S. Davis. Page 208. Third line, top, insert * after Artillery Battalion and add foot-note, ~For more complete roster, see Lieutenant-Colonel Eshleman s report, Series I, Vol. 51, Part z, p. 222. Seventh line, top, substitute t for * after Paynes battery and add foot-note, tA battery of guns in charge of Sergt. John N. Payne, en route for General John H. Morgan s command, placed in charge of Lient. Saninel Hawes, Washington Artillery, and nianned by men of that command and furloughed and con valescent men from Petersburg. Change ~ to ~ after Artillery Battalion and make corresponding change in foot-note. Page 243. Seventh line, top, insert * after Paynes and add foot-note, *Zn charge of Lieut. Saniuel Hawes, Washington Artillery. Page 552. Humphreys to Sheridan, date line, for zop. vi. read ip. in. Page 687. For F. H. Parker, signature, read F. A. Parker. Page 714. Warren to Humphreys, 8.30 and 9.15 a. in., May 13 should be May iS. Erase both communications. See duplicates, page 873. Page SoS. Twenty-third line, bottom, after Roanoke insert [Albemarle?]. Page 950. Seventh line, top, for Crane read Ware. Page 956. Pickett to Cooper, May .~, first communication, date line, for 8.30 a. m. read 8.30 p. in.; second comninnication, date line, for zz.go a. ni. read 6.30 p. in. Page 1031. Insert Hawes (Samuel) Artillery.* See Samuel Hawes, and add foot note, * Improvised. Page 1033. For Paynes (Mica]ah) Artillery.* See Micajah Payne, read Paynes (John N.) Artillery.* See Samuel Hawes. Pages 1037I 127. Erase foot-note No circumstantial reports on file, wherever it occurs. Page A003 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. - PART ~. Address, for Brz~,r. Gen. A. A. Hurnphreys read lLJaj. Gen. A. A. Hurnphreys. Grant to Bowers, date line, erase the words (Received ~ in.). Butler to Grant, fourth line, for s/earned read s/earn. Sheridan to Humphreys, fifteenth line, after annoying insert us. Sheridan to Humphrevs, date line, for Gi/y Poin/ read Don/ha/s House. Erase foot-note and insert See Series I, Vol. 5z, Par/ 2, ~. 952. Erase foot-note and insert See Series I, Vol. 51, ParI 2, p. 999. For Mellifas/ers (I. F.) read Mci/as/ers (Fi/z Wi/horn). For Walshs (Jarnes JV) read Walshs (Jarnes I.). INDEX. 3 Insert all words and figures in italics and strike out all in [brackets]. An asterisk (*) following a correction indicates that Additions and Corrections to the text should be consulted. References are to parts of volnnsn. Part. Albemarle, C. S. S. Mentioned, 8o8~ s Allen James (~t4 Midi. Gay.), 831 Allen, James (sd Vt.), [831] Ammen, Jacob [A.] Andress, Edwin [Edward] V Andrew Harder [Hurder], Steamer 3 Armies of the United States. Orders, Special, series 1864: No. 25, 169 [466] 3 No. 25h, .~66 [169] 3 Baker, Samnel F. [Colonel] 2 Barton [Burton], Rebecca, Steamer 3 Bates, Delevan [Delavan] .~ Beebe [nebee], Dwight Beely [Beeley], John Benham, Henry W. Correspondence with Hall, Ale ~ander [Hall, Charles] [Binney, Martin, 391]* Birnev, William, ~j; Birney, David B., Mentioned, [~~] Bolling,W.N. [H.] 3 Breitenbach, John R. [B.] Brewster, Samnel L., Steamer 2 Brinekerliaft; George L. [Brinkerhoff, ] ~ Brown, G. C., 1070, 1071, 1075 [Brown, Camp- bell, 2070, 1074, 1075] Burhans [Burhaus], David, 151* Barnes [Burns], Thomas Caldwell,J. B. [F.] Carrington, Henry A. [J. H.] [Chesterfield, Steamer, 300] Claassen, Peter J. Correspondence with [Green, Henry, 434] 2 Green, Thomas ~ 131 2 Collins, Moses N. [M.] Davenport, John I. Mentioned, ~ [Davenport, I,ieut., ~ 2 Be Forest [De Forrest], Jacob J Dimack [Dimmock], George 2 Edmonston [Edmondston], James N 2 Edson, P. OMeara [OMara] Felt as, Abram M. [Fetter, Colonel] 2 Part. Frank, Paul. Mentioned, 396 [Paul, Frank, 396] [Fulton, Charles C., 517] 2 General Jesnp, U. S. S., 661, 777 3 Gillelt [Gillet], Cornelius 2 Goldsmith, Howard H 1 Gordon, James B. Mentioned, 915, 919; Gordon. John U., [91S, 919] 2 [Green, Henry. Correspondence with Peter J. Claassen, ~ 2 Green, Thomas B. Correspondence with Peter J. Claassen, 131 2 Griffin, Charles. Mentioned, 676 [Griffin, Joh~:, 676] 3 [Hall, Charles. Correspondence with Henry W. Benhans, 767] 2 Hamblin, Joseph F. [B.] 2 Hamilton, Theodore [Thomas] B a Hammond [Hammod], A. B Hardin, Thomasj [Harding, Colonel] 2 Harrison, A. T., 1003 [Harrison, Coaonel, 1003] 2 Hart, James H 1 Ha cues, Samuel, so5,* 213 * 2 Hill, Robert F., 971 [~~] Hixon [Nixon], Henry a Holland, John F., 283 [a8~] Ho.wsey, B. Weller [Hoxie, B. Walter] a Hoysradt [Hoysredt], Nicholas 3 Hull, Alexander. Garrespandence wit/i Henry W. Benliam, 767 2 Hurlbut, [Vilber [Wilberforce] a James Jerome, Steamer, 235 3 James River, Va. Reported movements, etc., of Union troops. Communications from Ransan [Ransom], Thomas D 2 Jerome, James, Steamer 3 Johnson, Bushrod R. Mentioned, 203; Johnson, Bradley T., Mentioned, [203] 2 Jadhins [Jenkins], Perrin C a Keyes, Hamlin [Hamilton] XV r Page 784. Page 790. Page 792. Page 795. Page 797. Page 818. Page 886. Page 910. Page 914 Page A004 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Keys, David D Laidley, Richard S La Tisiphone, H. I. if. S. [Steamer] Lockwood, John L., U. S. S. [Steamer] Lynch, James [John] C Lyons, Jerome R. [B.] MeGallis/er [McAllister], William McClellan [MeClennan], Arthur McCook, Edward M. [Alexander MeD.] McDonald, James H. correspondence wi/h Gouverneur K. War- ,en, ~ [McDonald, Thomas. Correspondence with Gouverneur K. War- ren, 874] McEntee, Charles S. [(Captain)], 418 [Mc- Entee, Charles S. (Colonel), 418] MeFall, James Y. U. G.] McLoughlin [McLaughlin], George H MeMahon, James P., ~tg3 [McMahon, John E., 433] McMaster, Fits William [J. F.] Mahoken, John Henry Maillefert, Benlamin [ I Mann, Alexander [A.] Mason, Charles T. Correspondence with CaIdwell, 5. T. [F.] Mazyck, Edmund [Edward] Meade, George G. Correspondence with Schriver, Edmund [Edward] Middleton, John IzardIr. [3.] Monroe, Robert S Moseley, EdgaiKE. [ ] Mount, D. H., Steamer Murphy, DanielJ Nawlen [Nowlan], Garrett Osborne, Edwin [Edward] A Osborne, Wilbur [William] F Palmer, Innis N. [John M.] Pa ilico, District of the (U.). Discontinued, 351 Paul, Alfred [ ] Paul, Samuel B Payne, John N. [Micajab] Pent [Perot], Steamer Powers, Milton W Ransan [Ransom], Thomas D Read, Theodore, [(Brigadier-General)] .too6 [Read, Theodore (Captain), ioo6] Rebecca Barton IBurton], Steamer Roanoke, U. S. S., [SoS] Robinson, John C. (Brig. Gen.). Mentioned, [iioi] Part. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 Part. Robinson, John C. (u/h Miss.), 1101 I Ryder [Rider], Henry XV 1, 3 Sample, John C. [G.] 2 Shaffer, James R. [P.] 2 Sketches. Wilderness, May ~7 [17], 1864 I Smith, A. ~J.] Austin 2 Smith, William F. (Mal. Gen.). Mentioned, [200] Smith, William F (ust Del.), soo Snell [Suell], Samuel C Sowles, George D. [H.] Springsteed [Springstead], Edward A 2 Stephens [Stevens] Alexander H Stenart, George H., 813; Stuart, J. E B., Mentioned, [813] 3 Street, William T. [Captain] 3 Stuart, J. E. B. Correspondence with Ranson [Ransom],. Thomas D 2 Mentioned, [813] 3 Tappen [Tappan], John R 3 Thomas, Edward L. [I.] 2 Thompson, William P., ~ [Thonlpson, Willianl D., 348] Thorn,W.T[ ] 2 Tompkins, Charles H. Itinerary, etc. Sixth Army Corps [Army of the Poto- mac],etc I Turner, F. [E.] P I Turner, John W. Mentioned, 86 [Turner, John M., 86] 2 Wadsworth, Craig W I alsh, JamesJ. [W.] 3 Ward, George S. L. [L. S.] 2 Ware Jacqueline 5., 950* 2 Warren, Gouverneur K. Correspondence with McDonald, James H. [Thomas] 2 Watson, Ja zes D. [William] 2 Weir, Henry C. Correspondence with Geomge L Br/ocher- hoff [ Brinkerhoff] 3 Weyss [Weiss], John E I Wheeler, William H. [Lieutenant] White, Harrison [Captain] White, Wesley B., 1094, White, William B., Mentioned, [10941 I Wickham, Williams C., 878 [Wickham, Charles C., 878] Wilson,John (19d N. F.), us, ?4 Wilson, John (ist U. S. S. S.). Mentioned, [112, 134] - Page R003 PREFACE. By an act approved June 23, 1874, Congress made an appropriation to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Offi- cial Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Con- federate Armies, and directed him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, telegrams, and general orders not hereto- fore copied or printed, and properly arranged in chronological order. Appropriations for continuing such preparation have been made from time to time, and the act approved June 16, 1880, has provided for the printing and binding, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a compilation of the Official Records (Union and Confederate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year; and that of said number 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Repre- sentatives, 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive Departments. * * Volumes I to V distributed under act approved June 16,1880. The act approved August 7, 1882, provides that The volumes of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion shall be distri- buted as follows: One thousand copies to the Executive Departments, as now pro- vided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the Army and contributors to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organiza- tions, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty-seventh Congress. Each Senator shall designate not exceed- ing twenty-six, and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding twenty-one of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time as they are published, until the publication is completed. Senators, Representatives, and Dele- gates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of publication with ten per cent. added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives, or Delegates, who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individuals. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore published have not been furnishe~l to such libraries, organizations, and individuals. He shall also inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent. II Page R004 Iv PREFACE. This compilation will be the first general publication of the military records of the war, and will embrace all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. The publication will present the records in the following order of arrangement: The 1st Series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Con- federate, of the first seizures of United States property in the South- em States, and of all military operations in the field, with the corre- spondence, orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas. In this series the reports will be arranged according to the cam- paigns and several theaters of operations (in the chronological order of the events), and the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be immediately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspond- ence, & c., not embraced in the reports~ proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order. The 2d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military authorities were concerned) to State or political prisoners. The 3d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate officials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General-in-Chief, and of the chiefs of the several staff corps and departments; the calls for troQps, and the correspondence between the national and the several State authorities. The 4th Series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the corre- spondence between the Union and Confederate authorities given in that series. ROBERT N. SCOTT, Major Third Art., and Bvt. Lient. Cot. WAR DEPARTMENT, August 23, 1880. Approved: ALEX. RAMSEY, Secretary of War Table of Contents Page R005 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XLVIII. Operations in Southeastern Virginia and in North Carolina. May 1-June Page. 12, 1864 11101 Cv Page R006 Special Index Page R007 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME I. CHAPTER I Page. Operations in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. December 20, 1860April 14, 1861... 1317 CHAPTER H. The secession of Georgia. January 3-26, 1861 318325 CHAPTER III. The secession of Alabama and Mississippi. Jannary 4-20,1861 326-330 CHAPTER IV. Operations in Florida. January 6-August 31, 1861 331473 CHAPTER V Page. The secession of North Carolina. Janu ary 9May 20, 1861 474488 CHAPTER VI. The secession of Louisiana. January 10- February 19,1861 489501 CHAPTER VII. Operations in Texas and New Mexico. February 1-June 11, 1861 502-636 CHAPTER VIII. Operations in Arkansas, the Indian Terri- tory, and Missouri. February 7-May 9, 1861 637691 VOLUME II. CHAPTER IX. Page. Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. April 16-July 31,1861.... 1-1012 VOLUME III. CHAPTER X. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10-November 19,1861. .. 1-749 VOLUME IV. CHAPTER XI. Page. CHAPTER XIII. Page. Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Operations in North Carolina and South- Arizona. June 11, 1861-February 1,1862. 1-174 eastern Virginia. August 1, 1861-Jami. CHAPTER XII. ary 11, 1862 566721 Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1November 19, 1861 175565 VOLUME V. CHAPTER XIV. Page. Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. August 1,1861-March 17,1862. 1-1106 VOLUME VI. CHAPTER XV. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. August 21,1861April 11, 1862 Page. CHAPTER XVI. Page. Operations in West Florida, Southern Al- abama, Southern Mississippi, and Lou 1435 isiana. September 1, 1861May 12, 1862. 436894 VOLUME VII. CHAPTER XVII. Page. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, N. Alabama, and S. IV. Virginia. Nov. 19, 1861-Mar. 4,1862.. 1-946 (VII Page R008 VIII CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME VIII. CHAPTER XVIII. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. Nov. 19, 1861-April 10, 1862. 1-834 VOLUME IX. CHAPTER XIX Page. CHAPTER XXI. Page. Operations in Southeastern Virginia. Jan- Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and uary 11-March 17, 1862 1-~1 Arizona. February 1-September 20, CHAPTER XX 11962 481-736 Operations in North Carolina. January 11August 20, 1862 72-480 VOLUME X-IN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXII. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Mississippi, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. March 4-June 10, 1862 Page. Part IReports 1-927 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-642 VOLUME XIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIII. The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. March 17-September 2,1862. Pages Part IReports, March 17-June 24 1-1077 Part lIReports, June 25-September 2 1-994 Part 111Correspondence, etc 1-691 VOLUME XIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIV. Operations in Northern Vix~ginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. March 17-September 2, 1862. Page. Part IReports, March 17-June 25 1-818 Part lIReports, June 26-September 2 1-820 Part 111Correspondence, etc 1-966 VOLUME XIII. CHAPTER XXV. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the Northwest. April 10November 20,1862 1-981 VOLUME XIV. CHAPTER XXVI. Page. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. April 12, 1862June 11, 1863 11025 VOLUME XV. CHAPTER XXVII. Page. Operations in West Florida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi (embracing all operations against Vickshurg, May 18-July 27, 1862), a~d Louisiana, May 12,1862-Slay 14. 1863; and oper- ations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. September 20, 1862-Slay 14, 1861 \1113 Page R009 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. IX VOLUME XVIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER Xxviii. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. June 10October 31, 1862. Page. Part IReports 1-1168 Part li--Correspondence, etc 11017 VOLUME XVIIrN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXIX. Operations in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. June 10, 1862-January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-8~ Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-916 VOLUME XVIII. CHAPTER XXX. Page. Operations in North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia. August 20,1862-June 3, 1863 1-1104 VOLUME XIXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXI. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. September 3-Novem ber 14.1862. Page. Part IReports, September 3-20 1-1108 Part lIReports, September 20-November 14; Correspondence, etc., September 3-Novem- ber 14 1-739 VOLUME XXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. No vember 1,1862-January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-997 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-516 VOLUME XXI. CHAPTER XXXIII. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Slarylad and Pl~ November Page. 1862January 25,1863 .. . . .... 11152 VOLUME XXIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIV. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the Northwest. November 20, 1862December 31,1863. Page. Part IReports 1-926 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-116 Page R010 X CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLuME XXIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXV. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. Jan uary 21August 10, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-858 Part ItCorrespondenCe, etc 1-986 VOLUME XXIVIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVI. Operations in Mississippi and West Tennessee, including those in Arkansas and Louisiana connected with the Siege of Vicksburg. January 20-August 10, 1863. Page. Part IReports, January 20-May 15, including the General Reports for whole period, January 20-August 10 -787 Part ItReports, May 16-August 10 1699 1-1070 Part IllCorrespondence, etc VOLUME XXVIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVII. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 26-June 3, 1863. Page. Part I Reports 1-1123 Part tICorrespondence, etc 1862 VOLUME XXVIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVIII. Operations in West Florida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico. 2BIay 14-Dek~ember 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports, Union Correspondence, etc 1-920 Part ItConfederate Correspondence, etc 1-581 VOLUME XXVJIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIX. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Department of the East. June 3-August 3, 1863 Page. Part IReports 1-1059 Part tIReports . . 1-1005 Part 111Correspondence, etc 1-1092 VOLUME XXVIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XL. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina anti Georgia, and in Midtlle and East Florida. June 12- December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-755 Part ItCorrespondence, etc 1-609 VOLUME XXIXIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLI. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia. Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-De cember 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-1018 Part tICorrespondence, etc 1-93 Page R011 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. XI VOLUME XXXIN FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLII. Operations in Kentucky Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-1071 Part IlReports 1-821 Part IllUnion Correspondence, etc 1-1017 Part IYUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc . 1-768 VOLUME XXXIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIII. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. October 20-December 31,1863. Page. Part IReports and Union Correspondence 1-852 Part IlReports 1-782 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-893 VOLUME XXXIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XLIV. Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia. January 1-April 30,1864. Page. Part IReports 1-703 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc . 1-833 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc . 1-879 VOLUME XXXIII. CHAPTER XLV. Page. Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Jan nary 1-April 30, 1864 . . 11335 VOLUME XXXIVIY FOUR PARTS. CHAPTER XLVI. Operations in Louisiana and the Trans-Mississippi States and Territories. January 1-June 80, 1864. Page.. Part IReports 1-1058 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc . .. 1-1107 Part IllUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-835 Part IVUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc .. 1-701 VOLUME XXXVIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XLVII. Page. Part IReports, and Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-646 Part IlUnion and Confederate Correspondence, etc 1-65 Page R012 C- CD 1 p 1 ITj CD C- p Sunday. ~ ~ ~ ~ Monday. 1N~~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Tuesday. ~ ~ ~ ~ Wednesday.~ ~ ~ Thursday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Friday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Saturday. 0 C- CD o 0 CD 0 .~ 0 ~ ~ Sunday. ~ ~ Monday. ~ Tuesday. ~ ~ ~ Wednesday. ~ ~ ~ ~: Thursday. ~ Friday. Saturday. ~. ~ e~ -ci Page 1 CHAPTER XLVIII. OPERATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA. May 1June 12, 1864. PART r. SUMMARY 033 TIlE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. May 4June 12, 1864.Campaign from the Rapidan to the James River, Va. May 4-6, 1864.Operations about New Berne and in Albemarle Sdii?nd, N. C., including skirmishes on the Trent road, and on the south side of the Trent River, engagement with the Con- federate ram Albemarle, and surrender of Union outpost at Croatan. May 4June 2, l864.Operations on the south side of the James River, Va. May 24, 1864.Action at Wilsons Wharf, Va. June 9, 1864.Engagement at Petersburg, Va. GENERAL REPORTS. No. 1Lient. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding Armies of the United States, including operations March, 1864May, 1865. No. 2.Dispatches of Charles A. Dana, Assistant Secretary of War. No. 1. Reports of Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding Armies of the United States, including operations March, 1864 May, 1865. GERMANNA FORD, May 4, 1864. (Received 1.50 p. in.) The crossing of Rapidan effected. Forty-eight hours now will demonstrate whether the enemy intends giving battle this side of Richmond. Telegraph Butler that we have crossed the Rapidan. U. S. GRANT, Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Lieutenant-General. Chief of Staff. 1 R RvOL xxxvi, PT I (1 Page 2 2 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C~ [CHAP. XLVIII. WILDERNESS TAVERN, May 6, 186411.30 a. m. We have been engaged with the enemy in full force since early yesterday. So far there is no decisive result, but I think all things are progressing favorably. Our loss to this time I do not think cx- ceeds 8,000, of whom a large proportion are slightly wounded. Brig- adier-General hays was killed yesterday, and Generals Getty and Bartlett wounded. We have taken about 1,400 prisoners. Long- streets, A. P. Hills, and Ewells corps are all represented among the prisoners taken. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C. HEADQUARTERS, Wilderness, ]lfay 7, 186410 a. m (Received by mail from Alexandria, Va., 10 p. in., 12th.) We were engaged with the enemy nearly all day, both on the ~5th and 6th. Yesterday the enemy attacked our lines vigorously, first at one point and then another, from right to left. They were re- pulsed at all points before reaching our lines, except once during the afternoon on Hancocks front and just after night on Sedgwicks front. In the former instanc~ they were promptly and handsomely repulsed; the latter, Milroys old brigade, was attacked and gave way in the greatest confusion, almost without resistance, carrying good troops with them. Had there been daylight the enemy could have injured us very much in the confusion that prevailed~ they, however, instead of getting through the break, attacked General Wrights division of Sedgwicks corps, and were beaten back. Our losses to this time in killed, wounded, and prisoners will not probably exceed 12,000, of whom an unusually large proportion are but slightly wounded. Among the killed we have to deplore the loss of Generals Wadsworth and Hays, Generals Getty arid Bartlett wounded, and Generals Seymour and Shaler taken prisoners. We have about 2,000 prisoners. They report General Jenkins killed and Longstreet wounded. I think the loss of the enemy must exceed ours, but this is only a guess based upon the fact that they attacked and were repulsed so often. I wish you would send me all the information you have from General Sherman, by Bull Ruu, and all the information from the James River expedition. At present we can claim no victory over the enemy, neither have they gained a single advantage. The enemy pushed out of his fortifications to prevent their position being turned, and have been sooner or later driven back in every instance. Up to this hour the enemy have not shown themselves in force within a mile of our lines. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS, Piney Branch Church, May 8, 186411.30 a. m. (Received 3.15 p. in.) The army commenced moving ~south at 9 p. m. yesterday, and when closed up to the position assigned for first days march wil Page 3 Ciixp. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 3 stand thus: General Warrens corps at Spotsylvania Court-House; Hancocks at Todds Tavern; Sedgwicks on road from Piney Branch Church to Spotsylvania, and General Burnside at Airichs. It is not yet demonstrated what the enemy will do, but the best of feeling prevails in this army, and I feel at present no apprehension for the result. My efforts will be to form a junction with General Butler as early as possible, and be prepared to meet any enemy interposing. The result of the three days fight at Old Wilderness was decidedly in our favor. The enemy having a strongly intrenched position to fall back on when hard pressed, and the extensive train we have to cover, rendered it impossible to inflict the heavy blow on Lees army I had hoped. My exact route to the James River I have not yet definitely marked out. U.S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff. NEAR SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, May 9, 18641 p. m. (Received 4.15 p. in., 10th.) If matters are still favorable with Butler send him all re-enforce- ments you can. The enemy are now moving from our immediate front either to interpose between us and Fredericksburg or to get the inside road to Richmond. My movements are terribly embar- rassed by our immense wagon train. It could not be avoided, how- ever. U.S. GRANT, Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Lieutenant-General. Chief of Staff. NEAR SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, May 10, 18649.30 a. in. (Received 7.45 a. in., 11th.) The enemy hold our front in very strong force and evince a strong determination to interpose between us and Richmond to the last. I shall take no backward steps, but may be compelled to send back to Belle Plain for further supplies. Please have supplies of forage and provisions sent there at once and 50 rounds of ammunition (infantry) for 100,000 men. Send General Benham with the neces- sary bridge train for the Rappahaunock River. We can maintain ourselves at least, and, in the end, beat Lees army, I believe. Send to Belle Plain all the infantry you can rake and scrape. With pres- ent position of the armies, 10,000 men can be spared from the defenses of Washington, besides all the troops that have reached there since Burusides departure. Some may also be brought from Wallaces department. We want no more wagons nor artillery. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General HALLECK, JYa8hington, D. C Page 4 [CHAP. XLVIII. 4 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Near Spots ylvania Court-House, May 11, 18648.30 a. m. We have now ended the sixth day of very heavy fighting. The result to this time is much in our favor. But our losses have been heavy, as well as those of the enemy. We have lost to this time 11 general officers killed, wounded, and missing, and probably 20,000 men. I think the loss of the enemy must be greater, we having taken over 4,000 prisoners in battle, while he has taken but few, except stragglers. I am now sending back to Belle Plain all my wagons for a fresh supply of provisions and ammunition, and pro- pose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer. The arrival of re-enforcements here will be very encouraging to the men, and I hope they will be sent as fast as possible, and in as great numbers. My object in having them sent to Belle Plain was to use them as an escort to our supply train. If it is more convenient to send them out by train to march from the railroad to Belle Plain or Fredericks- burg send them so. I am satisfied the enemy are very shaky, and are only kept up to the mark by the greatest exertions on the part of their officers, and by keeping them intrenched in every position they take. Up to this time there is no indication of any portion of Lees army being detached for the defense of Richmond. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK Chief of Staff. NEAR SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, ~1Jiay 12, 18646.30 p. m. The eighth day of battle closes, leaving between 3,000 and 4,000 prisoners in our hands for the days work, including 2 general offi- cers and over 30 pieces of artillery. The enemy are obstinate and seem to have found the last ditch. We haye lost no organization, not even that of a company, while we have destroyed and captured one division (Johnsons), one brigade (Doles), and one regiment en tire of the enemy. ~. ~. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, May 12, 1864. (Received 11.30 p. in., 13th.) I sent this evening to Belle Plain all the prisoners captured to this time. Please direct the commanding officer there what to do with them. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C Page 5 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 5 HEADQUARTERS, Near Spotsylvania, May 14, 18647.10 a. m. (Received 9.20 a. in., 17th.) The very heavy rains of the last forty-eight hours have made it almost impossible to move trains or artillery. Two corps were moved last night from our right to the left, with orders to attack at 4 a. in., but owing to the difficulties of the roads, have not fully got into position. This, with the continued bad weather, may prevent offensive operations to-day. Yesterday but little was done, only from 100 to 150 prisoners falling into our hands, without, or almost without loss, on our side. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff. NEAR SPOTSYLvANIA COURT-HOUSE, May 15, 18647 a. m. (Received 10 p. in.) The very heavy rains of the last three days have rendered the roads so impassable that but little will be done until there is a change of weather, unless the enemy should attack, which they have exhibited but little inclination to do for the last week. I be- lieve it will be better to strengthen the corps here with all re- enforcements coming than to having them formed into separate com- mands. You need not, therefore, send Augur. Please order Major Morton, engineer, to report to General Burnside. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C. NEAR SPOTSYLvANIA COURT-HOUSE, May 16, 18648 a. m. (Received 3.40 p. in.) We have had five days almost constant rain without any prospect yet of its clearing up. The roads have now become so impassable that ambulances with wounded can no longer run between here and Fredericksburg. All offensive operations necessarily cease until we can have twenty-four hours of dry weather. The army is in the best of spirits and feel greatest confidence in ultimate success. The promptness with which you have forwarded re-enforcements will contribute greatly to diminishing our mortality list and in insuring a complete victory. You can assure the President and Secretary of War that the elements alone have suspended hostilities and that it is in no manner due to weakness or exhaustion on our part. U. S. GRANT~ Lieutenant-General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff Page 6 6 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. NEAR SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, J$Iay 19, 18641 p. m. (Received 5.35 p. in.) I shall make a flank movement early in the morning and try to reach Bowling~ Green and Milford Station. If successful, Port Royal will be more convenient as a depot than Fredericksburg. I wish you would stir up the navy and see if they cannot reach there. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Near Spots ylvania Court-House, May 19, 186410 p. m. (Received 1 a. in., 20th.) The enemy came out on our right late this afternoon and attacked, but were driven back until some time since dark. Not knowing their exact position, and the danger our trains at Fredericksburg will be in if we move, I shall not make the move designated for to-night until their designs are fully developed. We captured men from three different divisions of the enemy; all from Ewells corps. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, NEAR SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, In the Field, May 20, 18648.30 a. m. (Received 4 p. in.) The attempt to turn our right last evening was by Ewells corps wholly. They were promptly repulsed by Birneys and Tylers di- visions and some of Warrens troops that were on the extreme right. About 300 prisoners fell into our hands, besides many killed and wounded. Our loss foots up a little over 600 wounded and about 150 killed and missing. This is as near an accurate report as can be given at this time. Probably the killed and missing is overstated. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK Chief 01 Staff. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Near Spots ylvania (7ourt-House, May 20, 18647.30 p. rn. (Received 12 midnight.) Our casualties for yesterday foot up 196 killed, 1,090 wounded, and 249 missing. We buried nearly an equal number of rebel dead, besides what they buried and carried off, and retain 472 prisoners, exclusivef wounde4. Send all new cavalry equipped as infantry and mount yeterans on their horses. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK Page 7 CRAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 7 GUINEYS STATION, May 22, 18648.30 a. m. (Received 5.30 p. in.) We now occupy Milford Station and south of the Mattapony on that hue. I will now transfer our depot to Port Royal at ouce. Please direct the transfer of everything there. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Major-General HALLECK. Washington, D. C. BETHEL CHURCH,~VA., May 22, 18648 p. m. (Received 8 a. in., 23d.) The enemy have evidently fallen behind North Anna. Prisoners have been captured to-day from Picketts division, and there is evi- dence of other troops having been sent from Richmond also. Besides these, Breckinridge is said to have arrived. The force under Butler is not detaining 10,000 men in Richmond, and is not even keeping the roads south of the city cut. Under these circumstances I think it advisable to have all ot~ it here except enough to keep a foothold at City Point. If they could all be brought at once to Tappahan- nock or West Point by water, that would be the best way to bring them. They might march across, but if the enemy should fall back of the South Anna this might become hazardous. Send Smith in command, and send neither artillery nor cavalry unless it is deemed expedient to march over to West Point, thence up north side to join this command. I shall be on the Anna to-morrow or meet the en- emy this side. Notify me which way they will be sent. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C. HEADQUARTERs U. S. ARMIES, Near North Anna, Va., May 23, 186411 p. in. (Received 4 p. in., 24th.) The army moved from its position of this morning to the North Anna, following closely Lees army. The Fifth and Sixth Corps marched by way of Harris Store to Jericho Ford, and the Fifth Corps succeeded in effecting a crossing and getting a position with- out much opposition. Shortly after, however, they were violently attacked, but handsomely repulsed the assault without much loss to us. W e captured some prisoners. The Second Corps holds the bridge just above the railroad, and the Ninth Corps is between that and Jericho Ford, on the north bank, in face of the enemy. It is doubt- ful whether troops can be crossed except where the Fifth aiid Sixth Corps are. Everything looks exceedingly favorable for us. U. S. GRANT, Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK, Lieutenant-General. Chief of Staff Page 8 [CHAP. XLVIII. 8 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, North Anna, May 24, 18648 a. m. (Received 5.30 p. in.) The enemy have fallen back from North Anna; we are in pursnit. Negroes who have come in state that Lee is falling back to Rich- mond. If this is the case, Butlers forces will all be wanted where they are. Notify him to hold Smith in readiness to be moved, but to await fnrther orders. I will probably know to-day if the enemy intends standing behind South Anna. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff. JERICHO FORD, VA., May 25, 186412 noon. (Received 2 a. in., 26th.) The enemy are evidently making a determined stand between the two Annas. It will probably take us two days to get in position for a general attack or to turn their position, as may prove best. Send Butlers forces to White Honse to land on north side and march up to join this army. The James River should be held to City Point, but leave nothing more than is absol~tely necessary to hold it, act- ing purely on the defensive. The enemy will not undertake any offensive operations there, but will concentrate everything here. Breckinridge is unquestionably here. Sixty-six officers and men have been captured who were with Hoke in the capture of Plymouth. If Hunter can possibly get to Charlottesville and Lynchburg, he should do so, living on the country. The railroads and canals should be destroyed beyond possibility of repair for weeks. Com- pleting this, he could find his way back to his original base, or from about Gordonsville join this army. ~. ~. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Quarles Mills, Va., May ~6, 1864. GENERAL: The relative position of the two armies is now as fol- lows: Lees right rests on a swamp east of the Richmond and Fred- ericksburg road and south of North Anna, his center on the rN~er at Ox Ford, and his left on Little River, with the crossings of Little River guarded as far up as we have gone. Hancock, with his corps and one division of the Ninth Corps, crossed at Chesterfield Ford, and covers the right wing of Lees army. One division of the Ninth Corps is on the north bank of the Anna at Ox Ford, with bridges above and below at points nearest to it, where both banks are held by us, so that it could re-enforce either wing of our army with equal facility. The Fifth and Sixth Corps, with one division of the Ninth Corps, run from the south bank of the Anna from a short distance above OX Ford to Little River and parallel with an Page 9 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 9 near to the enemy. To make a direct attack from either wing would cause a slaughter of our men that even success would not justify. To turn the enemy by his right, between the two Annas, is impossi- ble on account of the swamp upon which his right rests. To turn him by his left leaves Little River, New Found River, and South A~Tha River, all of them streams presenting considerable obstacles to the movement of an army, to be crossed. I have determined, therefore, to turn the enemys right by crossing at or near Han- overtown. This crosses all these streams at once, and leaves us still where we can draw supplies. During the night last night the teams and artillery, not in position, belonging to the right wing of our army, and one division of that wing were quietly withdrawn to the north bank of the river and moved down to the rear of the left. As soon as it is dark this division, with most of the cavalry, will commence a forced march for Hanovertown to seize and hold the crossing. The balance of the right wing will withdraw at the same ~hour and follow as rapidly as possible. The left wing will also withdraw from the south bank of the river to-night and follow in rear of the right wing. Lees army is really whipped. The prison- ers we now take show it, and the action of his army shows it un- mistakably. A battle with them outside of intrenchments cannot be had. - Our men feel that they have gained the morale over the enemy and attack with confidence. I may be mistaken, but I feel that our success over Lees army is already insured. The prompt- ness and rapidity #ith which you have forwarded re-enforcements have contributed largely to the feeling of confidence inspired in our men and to break down that of the enemy. We are destroying all the rails we can on the Central and Fred- ericksburg roads. I want to leave a gap in the roads north of Rich- mond so big that to get a single track they will have to import rails from elsewhere. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U.S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General HALLECK, Washington. P. 8.Even if a crossing is not effected at Hanovertown it will probably be necessary for us to move on down the Paniunkey until a crossing is effected. I think it advisable, therefore, to change our base of supplies from Port Royal to the White House. I wish you would direct this change at once, and also direct Smith to put the railroad bridge there in condition for crossing troops and artillery, and leave men to hold it. U.S.G. HANOVERTOWN, VA., May 29, 1864. (Received 11.20 a. in., 30th.) The army has been successfully crossed over the Pamunkey and now occupies a front about 3 miles south of the river. Yesterday two divisions of our cavalry had a severe engagement with the enemy south of Harris [Haws] Store, driving him about a mile upon what appears to be his new line. We will find out all about it to-day. Ou Page 10 10 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. loss in the cavalry engagement was 350 killed and wounded, of whom but 44 are ascertained to have been killed. Having driven the enemy, most of their killed and many of their wounded fell into onr hands. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General.~ Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff. Two MILES SOUTHWEST OF HAws SHOP, May 30, 178644 p. m. (Received 10.45 a. in., 31st.) There seems to be some prospect of Lee making a stand north of the Chickahominy, his right near Shady Grove. I have heard nothing yet of Smiths troops reaching White House. If I can get up to attack will not wait his arrival. I wish you would send all the pontoon bridging you can to City Point to have it ready in case it is wanted. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C. HAWs SHOP, VA., May 31, 18646 a. m. (Received 8 p. in.) The enemy came out on our left last evening and attacked. They were easily repulsed and with very considerable slaughter. To relieve General Warren, who was on the left, speedily, General Meade ordered an attack by the balance of our line. General Han- cock was the only one who received the order in time to make the attack before dark. He drove the enemy from his intrenched skir mish line and still holds it. I have no report of our losses, but sup- pose them to be light. ~. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General HALLECK, Chief of Staff. BETHESDA CHURCH, VA., June 2, 18647 a. in. (Received 8.30 p. in.) Yesterday afternoon an attack was ordered to be made on our left at Cold Harbor by the Sixth Corps and the troops under W. F. Smith, Warren, Burnside, and Hancock being held in readiness to advance in their respective fronts. The attack was made with spirit about 5 p. in., continuing until after dark, resulting in our carrying the enemys works on the right of the Sixth Corps, where we still hold them, and also the first line in front of Smith. The latter, however, is commanded by another line in rear, which made those carried untenable. The enemy made repeated assaults on each of the corps not engaged in the main assault, but were repulsed wit Page 11 CHAP. XLVILI.1 GENERAL REPORTS. 11 loss in every instance. Several hundred prisoners were taken, but I cannot now say what number nor estimate our or the enemys cas- ualties. During the night the enemy made several assaults to re- gain what they had lost, but failed. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Major-General HALLECK, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 18642 p. m. (Received 7.55 a. in., 4th.) We assaulted at 4.30 a. m. this morning, driving the enemy within his intrenchments at all points, but without gaining any decisive advantage. Our troops now occupy a position close to the enemy some places within 50 yards, and are intrenching. Our loss was not severe, nor do I suppose the enemy to have lost heavily. We cap- tured over 300 prisoners, mostly from Breckinridges command. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF TILE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, Va., June 5, 1864. GENERAL: A full survey of all the ground satisfies me that it would not be practicable to hold a line northeast of Richmond that would protect the Fredericksburg railroad, to enable us to use it for supplying the army. To do so would give us a long vulnerable line of road to protect, exhausting much of our strength in guarding it, and would leave, open to the enemy all of his lines of communica- tion on the south side of the James. My idea from the start has been to beat Lees army, if possible, north of Richmond, then, after destroying his lines of communication north of the James River to transfer the army to the south side and besiege Lee in Richmond, or follow him south if he should retreat. I now find, after more than thirty days of trial, that the enemy deems it of the first importance to run no risks with the armies they now have. They act purely on the defensive, behind breast-works, or feebly on the offensive imme- diately in front of them, and where in case of repulse they can in- stantly retire behind them. Without a greater sacrifice of human life than I am willing to make, all cannot be accomplished that I had designed outside of the city. I have, therefore, resolved upon the following plan: I will continue to hold substantially the ground now occupied by the Army of the Potomac, taking advantage of any favorable circumstance that may present itself, until the cavalry can be sent west to destroy the Virginia Central Railroad from about Beaver Dam for some 25 or 30 miles west. When this is effected, I will move the army to the south side of James River, either by crossing the Chickahominy and marching near to City Point, or by going to the mouth of the Chickahominy on the north side and cross Page 12 12 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. ing there. To provide for this last and most probable contingency six or more ferry-boats of the largest size ought to be immediately provided. Once on the south side of James River I can cut off all sources of supply to the enemy, except what is furnished by the canal. If Hunter succeeds in reaching Lynchburg that will be lost to him also. Should Hunter not succeed I will still make the effort to destroy the canal by sending cavalry up the south side of the river with a pontoon train to cross wherever they can. The feeling of the two armies now seems to be that the rebels can protect them- selves only by strong intrenchments, while our army is not only confident of protecting itself without intrenchments, but that it can beat and drive the enemy whenever and wherever he can be found without this protection. Very respectfully, ~. ~. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. Ma~. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D. 0., July 22, 1865.* SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of the armies of the United States from the date of my ap- pointment to command the same: From an early period in the rebellion I had been impressed with the idea that active and continuous operations of all the troops that could be brought into the field, regardless of season and weather, were necessary to a speedy termination of the war. The resources of the enemy and his numerical strength were far inferior to ours; but as an offset to this, we had a vast territory, with a population hostile to the Government, to garrison, and long lines of river and railroad communications to protect, to enable us to supply the operating armies. The armies in the East and West acted independently and without concert, like a balky team, no two ever pulling together, enabling the enemy to use to great advantage his interior lines of communi- cation for transporting troops from east to west, re-enforcing the army most vigorously pressed, and to furlough large numbers, dur- ing seasons of inactivity on our part, to go to their homes and do the work of producing for the support of their armies. It was a question whether our numerical strength and resources were not more than balanced by these disadvantages and the enemys superior position. From the first, I was firm in the conviction that no peace could be had that would be stable and conducive to the happiness of the peo- ple, both North and South, until the military power of the rebellion was entirely broken. I therefore determined, first, to use the greatest number of troops practicable against the armed force of the enemy, preventing him from using the same force at different seasons against first one and then another of our armies, and the possibility of repose for refitting and producing necessary supplies for carrying * This report covers operations of all the armies of the United States, from March, 1864, to May, 1865 Page 13 cHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 13 on resistance; second, to hammer continuously against the armed force of the enemy and his resources, until by mere attrition, if in ~ no other way, there should be nothing left to him but an equal sub- mission with the loyal section of our common country to the con- stitution alid laws of the land. These views have been kept con- stantly in mind, and orders given and campaigns made to carry them out. Whether they might have been better in conception and execution is for the people, who mourn the loss of friends fallen and who have to pay the pecuniary cost, to say. All I can say is, that what I have done has been done conscientiously, to the besi of my ability, and in what I conceived to be for the best interests of the whole country. At the date when this report begins the situation of the contend- ing forces was about as follows: The Mississippi River was strongly garrisoned by Federal troops from Saint Louis, Mo., to its mouth. The line of the Arkansas was also held, thus giving us armed pos- session of all west of the Mississippi north of that stream. A few points in Southern Louisiana, not remote from the river, were held by us, together with a small garrison at and near the mouth of the Rio Grande. All the balance of the vast territory of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas was in the almost undisputed possession of the enemy, with an army of probably not less than 80,000 effective men that could have been brought into the field had there been suf- ficient opposition to have brought them out. The let-alone policy had demoralized this force, so that probably but little more than one-half of it was ever present in garrison at any one time. But the one-half, or 40,000 men, with the bands of guerrillas scattered through Missouri, Arkansas, and along the Mississippi River, and the disloyal character of much of the population, compelled the use of a large number of troops to keep navigation open on the river and to protect the loyal people to the west of it. To the east of the Mississippi we held substantially with the line of the Tennessee and Holston Rivers, running eastward to include nearly all of the State of Tennessee. South of Chattanooga a small foothold had been obtained in Georgia, sufficient to protect East Tennessee from incur- sions from the enemys force at Dalton, Ga. West Virginia was substantially within our lines. Virginia, with the exception of the northern border, the Potomac River, a small area about the mouth of James River covered by the troops at Norfolk and Fort Monroe and the territory covered by the Army of the Potomac lying along the Rapidan, was in the possession of the enemy. Along the sea- coast footholds had been obtained at Plymouth, Washington, and New Berne, in North Carolina; Beaufort, Fo]ly, and Morris Islands, Hilton Head, Fort Pulaski, and Port Royal, in South Carolina; Fernandina and Saint Augustine, in Florida. Key West and Pen- sacola were also in our possession, while all the important ports were blockaded by the Navy. The accompanying map, * a copy of which was sent to General Sherman and other commanders in March, 1864, shows by red lines the territory occupied by us at the begin- ning of the rebellion and at the opening of the campaign of 1864, while those in blue are the lines which it was proposed to occupy. Behind the Union lines there were many bands of guerrillas and a large population disloyal to the Government, making it necessary to *See explanatory foot-note, Vol. XXXII, Part III, p. 261 Page 14 14 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. guard every foot of road or river used in supplying our armies. In the South a reign of military despotism prevailed, which made every man and boy capable of bearing arms a soldier, and those who could not bear arms in the field acted as provosts for collecting deserters and returning them. This enabled the enemy to bring almost his entire strength into the field. The enemy had concentrated the bulk of his forces east of the Missis4ppi into two armies, commanded by Generals R. E. Lee and J. E. Johnston, his ablest and best generals. The army commanded by Lee occupied the south bank of the Rapidan, extending from Mine Run westward, strongly intrenched, covering and defending Richmond, the rebel capital, against the Army of the Potomac. The army under Johnston occupied a strongly intrenched position at Dalton, Ga., covering and defending Atlanta, Ga., a place of great importance as a railroad center, against the armies under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman. In addition to these armies, he had a large cavalry force under Forrest in Northeast Mississippi; a considerable force, of all arms, in the Shenandoah Valley and in the western part of Virginia and extreme eastern part of Tennessee, and also con- fronting our sea.coast garrisons and holding blockaded ports where we had no foothold upon land. These two armies, and the cities covered and defended by them, were the main objective points of the campaign. Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, who was appointed to the command of the Military Division of the Mississippi, embracing all the armies and territory east of the Mississippi River to the Alleghanies, and the Department of Arkansas, west of the Mississippi, had the imme- diate command of the armies operating against Johnston. Maj. Gen. George G. Meade had the immediate command of the Army of the Potomac, from where I exercised general supervision of the movements of all our armies. General Sherman was instructed* to move against Johnstons army, to break it up, and to go into the interior of the enemys country as far as he could, inflicting all the damage he could upon their war resources; if the enemy in his front showed signs of join- ing Lee, to follow him up to the full extent of his ability, while I would prevent the concentration of Lee upon him if it was in the power of the Army of the Potomac to do so. More specific written instructions were not given, for the reason that I had talked over with him the plans of the campaign, and was satisfied that he un- derstood them and would execute them to the fullest extent possible. Maj. Gen. N. P. Banks, tJien on an expedition up Red River against Shreveport, La. (which had been organized previous to my appointment to command), was notified by me on the 15th of March of the importance it was that Shreveport should be taken at the earliest possible day, and that if he found that the taking of it would occupy from ten to fifteen days more time than General Sherman had given his troops to be absent from their command, he would send them back at the time specified by General Sherman, even if it led to the abandonment of the main object of the Red River expe- dition, for this force was necessary to movements east of the Mis- sissippi; that should his expedition prove successful, he would hold Shreveport and the Red River with such force as he might deem necessary, and return the balance of his troops to the neighborhood *See Vol. XXXII, Part III, p. 245 Page 15 Ca4p. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 15 of New Orleans, commencing no move for the further acquisition of territory unless it was to make that then held by him more easily held; that it might be a part of the spring campaign to move against Mobile; that it certainly would be if troops enough could be obtained to make it without embarrassing other movements; that New Orleans would be the point of departure for such an expedition; also, that I had directed General Steele to make a real move from Arkansas, as suggested by him (General Banks), instead of a demonstration, as Steele thought advisable. On the 31st of March, in addition to the forgoing notification and directions, he was instructed as follows: Maj. Gen. N. P. BANKS: First. If successful in your expedition against Shreveport, that you turn over the defense of the Red River to General Steele and the navy. Second. That you abandon Texas entirely, with the exception of your hold upon the Rio Grande. This can be held with 4,000 men, if they will turn their attention immediately to fortifying their positions. At least one-half of the force required for this service might be taken from the colored troops. Third. By properly fortifying on the Mississippi River, the force to guard it from Port Hudson to New Orleans can be reduced to 10,000 men, if not to a less number. Six thousand more would then hold all the rest of the territory necessary to hold until active operations can again be resumed west of the river. According to your last returns, this would give you a force of over 30,000 effective men with which to move against Mobile. To this I expect to add 5,000 men from Missouri. If, how- ever, you think the force here~ stated too small to hold the territory regarded as necessary to hold possession of, I would say concentrate at least 25,000 men of your present command for operations against Mobile. With these, and such additions as I can give you from elsewhere, lose no time in making a demonstration, to be followed by an attack upon Mobile. Two or more iron-dads will be ordered to re- port to Admiral Farragut. This gives him a strong naval fleet with which to co- operate. You can make your own arrangements with the admiral for his co-opera- tion, and select your own line of approach. My own idea of the matter is that Pascagoula should be your base; but, from your long service in the Gulf Depart- ment, you will know best about the matter. It is intended that your movements shall be co-operative with movements elsewhere, and you cannot now start too soon. All I would now add is that you commence the concentration of your forces at once. Preserve a profound secrecy of what you intend doing, and start at the earliest possible moment. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Major-General Meade was instructed* that Lees army would be his objective point; that wherever Lee went he would go also. For his movement two plans presented themselves: One to cross the Rapidan below Lee, moviiig by his right flank; the other above, moving by his left. Each presented advantages over the other ~xrith corresponding objections. By crossing above, Lee would be cut off from all chance of ignoring Richmond or going north on a raid. But if we took this route all we did would have to be done while the rations we started with held out; besides, it separated us from Butler, so that he could not be directed how to co-operate. If we took the other route, Brandy Station could be used as a base of supplies until another was secured on the York or James Rivers. Of these, however, it was decided to take the lower route. The following letter of instruction was addressed to Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler: FORT MONROE, VA., April 2, 1864. Maj. Gen. B. F. BUTLER: GENERAL: In the spring campaign, which it is desirable shall commence at as early a day as practicable, it is proposed to have co-operative action of all the armies in the field, as far as this object can be accomplished. *See Vol. XXXIII, p. 827 Page 16 16 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAp. XLVIII. It will not be possible to unite our armies into two or three large ones to act as so many units, owing to the absolute necessity of holding on to the territory already taken from the enemy. But, generally speaking, concentration can be practically eftected by armies moving to the interior of the enemys country from the territory they have to guard. By such movement they interpose themselves between the enemy and the country to be guarded, thereby reducing the number necessary to guard important points, or at least occupy the attention of a part of the enemys force, if no greater object is gained. Lees army and Richmond being the greater objects toward which our attention must be directed in the next campaign, it is desirable to unite all the force we can against them. The necessity of covering Washington with the Army of the Potomac, and of covering your department with your army, makes it impossible to unite these forces at the beginning of any move. I propose, therefore, what comes nearest this of anything that seems practicable: The Army of the Potomac will act from its present base, Lees army being the ob- jective point. You will collect all the forces from your command that can be spared from garrison dutyI should say not less than 20,000 etlective mento operate on the south side of James River, Richmond being your objective point. To the force you already have will be added about 10,000 men from South Carolina, under Major-General Gillmore, who will command them in person. Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith is ordered to report to you, to command the troops sent into the field from your own department. General Gillmore will he ordered to report to you at Fort- ress Monroe, with all the troops on transports, by the 18th instant, or as soon there- after as practicable. Should you not receive notice by that time to move, you will make such disposition of them and your other forces as you may deem best calcu- lated to deceive the enemy as to the real move to be made. 1~~fhen you are notified to move, take City Point with as much force as possible. Fortify, or rather intrench, at once, and concentrate all your troops for the field there as rapidly as you can. From City Point directions cannot be given at this time for your further movements. The fact that has already been statedthat is, that Richmond is to be your objective point and that there is to be co-operation between your force and the Army of the Potomacmust be your guide. This indicates the necessity of your holding close to the south bank of the James River as you advance. Then, should the enemy be forced into his intrenchments in Richmond, the Army of the Potomac would follow, and by means of transports the two armies would become a unit. All the minor details of your advance are left entirely to your direction. If, how- ever, you think it practicable to use your cavalry south of you so as to cut the rail- road about Hicksford about the time of the general advance, it would be of immense advantage. You will please forward for my information, at the earliest practicable day, all orders, details, and instructions you may give for the execution of this order. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the 16th these instructions were substantially reiterated. * On the 19th [l8tht], in order to secure full co-operation between his army and that of General Meade, he was informed that I expected him to move from Fort Monroe the same day that General Meade moved from Culpeper. The exact time I was to telegraph him as soon as it was fixed, and that it would not be earlier than the 27th of April; that it was my intention to fight Lee between Culpeper and Rich- mond if he would stand. Should lie, however, fall back into Rich- mond, I would follow up and make a junction with his (General Butlers) army on the James River; that, could I be certain he would be able to invest Richmond on the south side so as to have his left resting on the James above the city, I would form the junc- tion there; that circumstances might make this course advisable anyhow; that he should use every exertion to secure footing as far up the south side of the river as he could, and as soon as possible after the receipt of orders to move; that if he could not carry the city, he should at least detain as large a force there as possible. In * See Vol. XXXIII, p. 885. t See Vol. XXXIII, p. 904 Page 17 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 17 co-operation with the main movements against Lee and Johnston I was desirous of using all other troops necessarily kept in depart- ments remote from the fields of immediate operations, and also those kept in the background for the protection of our extended lines between the loyal States and the armies operating against them. / A very considerable force, under command of Major-General Sigel, was so held for the protection of West Virginia and the frontiers of Maryland and Pennsylvania. While these troops could not be withdrawn to distant fields without exposing the North to invasion by comparatively small bodies of the enemy, they could act directly to their front and give better protection than if lying idle in garrison. By such movement they would either compel the enemy to detach largely for the protection of his supplies and lines of communication or he would lose them. General Sigel was therefore directed to organize all his available force into two expeditions, to move from Beverly and Charleston, under command of Generals Ord and Crook, against the East Ten- nessee and Virginia Railroad. Subsequently, General Ord having been relieved at his own request, General Sigel was instructed, at his own suggestion, to give up the expedition by Beverly and to form two columns, one under General Crook, on the Kanawha, numbering about 10,000 men, and one on the Shenandoah, number- ing about 7,000 men. The one on the Shenandoah to assemble between Cumberland and the Shenandoah, and the infantry and artillery advanced to Cedar Creek, with such cavalry as could be made available at the moment, to threaten the enemy in the Shenan- doah Valley, and advance as far as possible; while General Crook would take possesion of Lewisburg with part of his force and move down the Tennessee railroad, doing as much damage as he could, destroying the New River bridge and the salt-works at Saltville, Va. Owing to the weather and bad condition of the roads operations were delayed until the 1st of May, when, everything being in readi- ness and the roads favorable, orders were given for a general move- ment of all the armies not later than the 4th of May. My first object being to break the military power of the rebellion and cap- ture the enemys important strongholds, made me desirous that General Butler should succeed in his movement against Richmond, as that would tend more than anything else, unless it were the cap- ture of Lees army, to accomplish this desired result in the East. If he failed, it was my determination, by hard fighting, either to com- pel Lee to retreat or to so cripple him that he could not detach a large force to go north and still retain enough for the defense of Richmond. It was well understood by both Generals Butler and Meade before starting on the campaign that it was my intention to put both their armies south of the James River in case of failure to destroy Lee without it. Before giving General Butler his instruc- tions, I visited him at Fort Monroe, and in conversation pointed out the apparent importance of getting possession of Petersburg and destroying railroad communication as far south as possible. Believ- ing, however, in the practicability of capturing Richmond unless it was re-enforced, I made that the objective point of his operations. As the Army of the Potomac was to move simultaneously with him, Lee could not detach from his army with safety, and the enemy did *See Vol. XXXIII, pp. 874, 901, and 911. 2 R RVOL xxxvi, PT Page 18 [CHAP. XLVIII. 18 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. not have troops elsewhere to bring to the defense of the city in time to meet a rapid movement from the north of James River. I may here state that, commanding all the armies as I did, I tried, as far as possible, to leave General Meade in independent command of the Army of the Potomac. My instructions for that army were all through him, and were general in their nature, leaving all the details and the execution to him. The campaigns that followed proved him to be the right man in the right place. His command- ing always in the presence of an officer superior to him in rank has drawn from him much of that public attention that his zeal and ability entitle him to, and which he would otherwise have received. The movement of the Army of the Potomac commenced early on the morning of the 4th of May, under the immediate direction and orders of Major-General Meade, pursuant to instructions. Before night the whole army was across the Rapidan (the Fifth and Sixth Corps crossing at Germanna Ford, and the Second Corps at United States [Elys] Ford, the cavalry, under Major-General Sheridan, mov- ing in advance), with the greater part of its trains, numbering about 4,000 wagons, meeting with ~ut slight opposition. The average distance traveled by the troops that day was about 12 miles. This I regarded as a great success, and it removed from my mind the most serious apprehensions I had entertained, that of crossing the river in the face of an active, large, well-appointed, and ably com- manded army, and how so large a train was to be carried through a hostile country and protected. Early on the 5th, the advance corps (the Fifth, Maj. Gen. G. K. Warren commanding) met and engaged the enemy outside his intrenchments near Mine Run. The battle raged furiously all day, the whole army being brought into the fight as fast as the corps could be got upon the field, which, considering the density of the forest and narrowness of the roads, was done with commendable promptness. General Bnrnside, with the Ninth Corps, was at the time the Army of the Potomac moved, lett with the bulk of his corps at the crossing of the Rappahannock River and Alexandria railroad, holding the road back to Bull Run, with instructions not to move until he re- ceived notice that a crossing of the Rapidan was secured, but to move promptly as soon as such notice was received. This crossing he was apprised of on the afternoon of the 4th. By 6 oclock of the morning of the 6th he was leading his corps into action near the Wilderness Tavern, some of his troops having iuarched a distance of over 30 miles, crossing both the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers. Con- sidering that a large proportion (probably two-thirds) of his com- mand was composed of new troops, unaccustomed to marches and carrying the accouterments of a spldier, this was a remarkable march. The battle of the Wilderness was renewed by us at 5 oclock on the morning of the 6th, and continued with unabated fury until dark- ness set in, each army holding substantially the same position that they had on the evening of the 5th. After dark the enemy made a feeble attempt to turn our right flank, capturing several hundred prisoners and creating considerable confusion. But the promptness of General Sedgwick, who was personally present and commaiided that part of our line, soon reformed it and restored order. On the morning of the 7th reconnaissances showed that the enemy had fallen behind his intrenched lines, with pickets to the front, cover- ing a part of the battle-field. From this it was evident to my min Page 19 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 19 that the two days fighting had satisfied him of his inability to fur- ther maintain the contest in the open field, notwithstanding his ad- vantage of position, and that he would await an attack behind his works. I therefore determined to push on and put my whole force between him and Richmond, and orders were at once issued for a movement by his right flank. On the night of the 7th the march was commenced toward Spotsylvania Court-House, the Fifth Corps moving on the most direct road. But the enemy having become apprised of our movement, and having the shorter line, was enabled to reach there first. Om the 8th, General Warren met a force of the enemy which had been sent out to oppose and delay his advance,, to gain time to fortify the line taken up at Spotsylvania. This force was steadily driven back on the main force, within the recently con- structed works, after considerable fighting, resulting in severe loss to both sides. On the morning of the 9th, General Sheridan started on a raid against the enemys lines of communication with Rich- mond. The 9th, 10th, and 11th were spent in maneuvering and fighting, without decisive results. Among the killed on the 9th was that able and distinguished soldier, Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick, commanding the Sixth Army Corps. Maj. Gen. H. G. Wright suc- ceeded him in command. Early on the morning of the 12th a gen- eral attack was made on the enemy in position. The Second Corps, Major-General Hancock commanding, carried a salient of his line, capturing most of Johnsons division of Eweills corps and twenty pieces of artillery. But the resistance was so obstinate that the ad- vantage gained did not prove decisive. The 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th were consumed in maneuvering and awaiting the arrival of re-enforcements from Washington. Deeming it imprac- ticable to make any further attack upon the enemy at Spotsylvania Court-House, orders were issued on the 18th with a view to a move- ment to the North Anna, to commence at 12 oclock on the night of the 19th. Late in the afternoon of the 19th Ewells corps came out of its works on our extreme right flank, but the attack was promptly repulsed with heavy loss. This delayed the movement to the North Anna until the night of the 21st, when it was commenced. But the enemy, again having the shorter line and being in possession of the maui roads, was enabled to reach the North Anna in advance of us, and took position behind it. The Fifth Corps reached the North Anna on the afternoon of the 23d, closely followed by the Sixth Corps. The Second and Ninth Corps got up about the same time, the Second holding the railroad bridge and the Ninth lying between that and Jericho Ford. General Warren effected a. crossing the same afternoon and got a position without much opposition. Soon after getting into position he was violently attacked, but repulsed the enemy with great slaughter. On the 25th, General Sheridan rejoined the Army of the Potomac from the raid on which he started from Spotsylvania, having destroyed the depots at Beaver Dam and Ashland Stations, four trains of cars, large supplies of rations, and many miles of railroad track; recaptured about 400 of our men on their way to Richmond as prisoners of war; met and defeated the enemys cavalry at Yellow Tavern; carried the first line of works around Richmond (but finding the second line too strong to be carried by assault), recrossed to the north bank of the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge, under heavy fire, and moved by a detour to Haxalls Landing on the James River, where he comm. Page 20 [CHAP. ILVIII. 20 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. nicated with General Butler. This raid had the effect of drawing off the whole of the enemys cavalry force, making it comparatively easy to guard our trains. General Butler moved his main force up the James River, in pursuance of instructions, on the 4th of May, General Gillmore having joined him with the Tenth Corps. At the same time he sent a force of 1,800 cavalry, by way of West Point, to form a junction with him wherever he might get a foothold, and a force of 3,000 cavalry, under General Kantz, from Suffolk, to operate against the roads south of Petersburg and Richniond. On the 5th, he occupied, without opposition, both City Point and Bermuda Hun- dred, his movement being a complete surprise. On the 6th, he was in position with his main army and commenced intrenching. On the 7th, he made a reconnaissance against the Petersburg and Rich- mond Railroad, destroying a portion of it after some fighting. On the 9th, he telegraphed as follows: HEADQUARTERS, Near Bermuda Landing, May 9, 1864. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: Our operations may be summed up in a few words. With 1,700 cavalry we have advanced up the Peninsula, forced the Chickahominy, and have safely brought them to our present position. These were colored cavalry, and are now holding our advance pickets toward Richmond. General Kautz, with 3,000 cavalry from Suf- folk, on the same day with our movement up James River, forced the Blackwater, burned the railroad bridge at Stony Creek, below Petersburg, cutting in two Beau- regards force at that point. We have landed here, intrenched ourselves, destroyed many miles of railroad, and got a position which, with proper supplies, we can hold out against the whole of Lees army. I have ordered up the supplies. Beau- regard with a large portion of his force was left south by the cutting of the rail- roads byKautz. That portion which reached Petersburg under Hill I have whipped to-day, killing and wounding many and taking many prisoners, after a severe and well-contested fight. General Grant will not be troubled with any further re-en- forcements to Lee from Beauregards force. BENJ. F. BUTLER, Major-General. On the evening of the 13th and morning of the 14th, he carried a portion of the enemys first line of defenses at Drewrys Bluff, or Fort Darling, with small loss. The time thus consumed from the 6th lost to us the benefit of the surprise and capture of Richmond and Petersburg, enabling, as it did, Beauregard to collect his loose forces in North and South Carolina, and bring them to the defense of those places. On the 16th, the enemy attacked General Butler in his position in front of Drewrys Bluff. He was forced back, or drew back, into his intrenchments between the forks of the James and Appomattox Rivers, the enemy intrenching strongly in his front, thus covering his railroads, the city, and all that was val- uable to him. His army, therefore, though in a position of great security, was as completely shut off from further operations directly against Richmond as if it had been in a bottle strongly corked. It required but a comparatively small force of the enemy to hold it there. On the 12th, General Kautz with his cavalry was started on a raid against the Danville railroad, which he struck at Coalfield, Powhatan, and Chula Stations, destroying them, the railroad track, two freight trains, and one locomotive, together with large quanti- ties of commissary and other stores; thence crossing to the South Side road, struck it at Wilsons, Wellsville, and Blacks and White Page 21 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 21 Stations, destroying the road and station-houses; thence he pro- ceeded to City Point, which he reached on the 18th. On the 19th of April, and prior to the movement of General Butler, the enemy, with a land force under General Hoke and an iron-clad ram, attacked Plymouth, N. C., commanded by General H. W. Wessells, and our gun-boats there, and after severe fighti~g the place was carried by assault, and the entire garrison and armament ca tured. The gun-boat Southfield was sunk and the Miami disabled.* The arm y sent to operate against Richmond having hermetically sealed itself up at Bermuda Hundred, the enemy was enabled to bring the most, if not all, the re-enforcemeuts brought from the south by Beauregard against the Army of the Potomac. In addition to this re-enforcement, a very considerable one, probably not less than 15,000 men, was obtained by calling in the scattered troops under Breckinridge from the western part of Virginia. The posi- tion at Bermuda Hundred was as easy to defend as it was difficult to operate from against the enemy. I determined, therefore, to bring from it all available forces, leaving enough only to secure what had been gained, and accordingly, on the 22d, I directed that they be sent forward, under command of Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith, to join the Army of the Potomac. On the 24th of May, the Ninth Army Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. A. E. Burnside, was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, and from this time forward constituted a portion of Major-General Meades command. Finding the enemys position on the North Anna stronger than either of his previous ones, I withdrew on the night of the 26th to the north bank of the North Anna, and moved via Hanovertown to turn the enemys position by his right. Generals Torbert and Mer- ritts divisions of cavalry, under Sheridan, and the Sixth Corps led the advance; crossed the Pamunkey River at Hanovertown after considerable fighting, and on the 28th the two divisions of cavalry had a severe but successful engagement with the enemy at Haws Shop. On the 29th and 30th, we advanced, with heavy skirmishing, to the Hanover Court-House and Cold Harbor road, and developed the enemys position north of the Chickahominy. Late on the even- ing of the last day the enemy came out and attacked our left, but was repulsed with very considerable loss. An attack was immedi- ately ordered by General Meade along his whole line, which resulted in driving the enemy from a part of his intrenched skirmish line. On the 31st, General Wilsons division of cavali~r destroyed the rail- road bridges over the South Anna River, after defeating the enemys cavalry. General Sheridan, on the same day, reached Cold Harbor, and held it until relieved by the Sixth Corps and General Smiths command, which had just arrived, via White House, from General Butlers army. On the 1st day of June an attack was made at 5 p. m. by the Sixth Corps and the troops under General Smith, the other corps being held in readiness to advance on ~the receipt of orders. This resulted in our carrying and holding the enemys first line of works in front of the right of the Sixth Corps and in front of General Smith. During the attack the enemy made repeated assaults on each of the corps not engaged in the main attack, but were repulsed with heavy loss in every instance. That night he made several assaults to regain what he had lost in the day, but failed. The 2d was spent in getting * See Vol. XXXIII, p. 278 Page 22 22 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. troops into position for an attack on the 3d. On the 3d of June we again assaulted the enemys works in the hope of driving him from his position. In this attempt our loss was heavy, while that of the enemy, I have reason to believe, was comparatively light. It was the only general attack made from the Rapidan to the James which did not inflict j~pon the enemy losses to compensate for our own losses. I woul~not be understood as saying that all previous attacks resulted in victories to our arms, or accomplished as much as I had hoped from them, but they inflicted upon the enemy severe losses, which tended in the end to the complete overthrow of the rebellion. From the proximity of the enemy To his defenses around Rich- mond it was impossible by any flank movement to interpose between him and the city. 1 was still in a condition to either move by his left flank and invest Richmond from the north side or continue my move by his right flank to the south side of the James. While the former might have been better as a covering for Washington, yet a full survey of all the ground satisfied me that it would be impractica- ble to hold a line north and east of Richmond that would protect the Fredericksburg railroada long, vulnerable line which would ex- haust much of our strength to guard, and that would have to be protected to supply the army, and would leave open to the enemy all his lines of communication on the south side of the James. My idea, from the start, had been to beat Lees army north of Richmond if possible; then, after destroying his lines of communication north of the James River, to transfer the army to the south side and besiege Lee in Richmond or follow him south if he should retreat. After the battle of the Wilderness it was evident that the enemy deemed it of the first importance to run no risks with the army he then had. He acted purely on the defensive behind breast-works, or feebly on the offensive immediately in front of. them, and where in case of repulse he could easily retire behind them. Without a greater sacrifice of life than I was willing to make, all could not be accom- plished that I had designed north of Richmond. I therefore deter- mined to continue to hold substantially the ground we then occupied, taking advantage of any favorable circumstances that might present themselves, until the cavalry could be sent to Charlottesville and Gordonsville to effectually break up the railroad connection between Richmond and the Shenandoah Valley and Lynchbnrg; and when the cavalry got well off to move the army to the south side of the James River, by thb enemys right flank, where I felt I could cut off all his sources of supply except by the canal. On the 7th, two divisions of cavalry, under General Sheridan, got off on the expedition against the Virginia Central Railroad, with instructions to Hunter, whom I hoped he would meet near Char- lottesville, to join his forces to Sheridans, and after the work laid out for them was thoroughly done to join the Army of the Potomac by the route laid down in Sheridans instructions. On the 10th of June General Butler sent a force of infantry under General Gillmore, and of cavalry under General Kautz, to capture Petersburg if pos- sible, and destroy the railroad and common bridges across the Ap- pomattox. The cavalry carried the works on the south side, and penetrated well in toward the town, but were forced to retire. Gen- eral Gillmore, finding the works which he approached very strong, and deeming an assault impracticable, returned to Bermuda Hun- dred without attempting one. Attaching great importance to the possession of Petersburg, I sent back to Bermuda Hundred an Page 23 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 23 City Point General Smiths command by water, via the White House, to reach there in advance of the Army of the Potomac. This was for the express pnrpose of securing Petersbnrg before the enemy, becoming aware of our intention, could re-enforce the place. The movement from Cold Harbor commenced after dark on the evening of the 12th; one division of cavalry, under General Wilson, and the Fifth Corps crossed the Chickahominy at Long Bridge, and moved out to White Oak Swamp, to cover the crossings of the other corps. The advance corps reached James River, at Wilcoxs Land- ing and Charles City Court-House, on the night of the 13th. During three long years the Armies of the Potomac and Northern Virginia had been confronting each other. In that time they had fought more desperate battles than it probably ever before fell to the lot of two armies to fight, without materially changing the vantage ground of either. The Southern press and people, with more shrewdness than was displayed in the North, finding that they had failed to capture Washington and march on to New York, as they had boasted they would do, assumed that they only defended their capital and Southern territory. Hence, Antietam, Gettysburg, and all other battles that had been fought were by them set down as failures on our part and victories for them. Their army believed this. It produced a niorale which could only be overcome by des- perate and continuous hard fighting. The battles of the Wilder- ness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, and Cold Harbor, bloody and ter- rible as they were on our side, were even more damaging to the enemy, and so crippled him as to make him wary ever after of tak- ing the offensive. His lo~sses in men were probably not so great, owing to the fact that we were, save in the Wilderiiess, almost in- variably the attacking party, and when he did attack it was in the open field. The details of these battles, which for endurance aiid bravery on the part of the soldiery have rarely been surpassed, are given in the report of Major-General Meade, and the subordinate reports accompanying it. During the campaign of forty-three days, from the Rapidan to James River, the army had to be supplied from an ever-shifting base by wagons, over narrow roads, through a densely wooded country, with a lack of wharves at each new base from which to conveniently discharge vessels. Too much credit caiinot, therefore, be awarded to the quartermaster and commissary departments for the zeal and efficiency displayed by them. Under the general supervision of the chief quartermaster, Brig. Gen. R. Ingalls, the traiiis were made to occupy all the available roads be- tween the army and our water base, and but little difficulty was ex- perienced in protecting them. The movement in the Kanawha and Shenandoah Valleys, under General Sigel, commenced on the 1st of May. General Crook, who had the immediate command of the Kanawha expedition, divided his forces into two columns, giving one, composed of cavalry, to General Avereil. They crossed the monutains by separate routes. Averell struck tl~e Teniiessee and Virginia Railroad, near Wytheville, on the 10th, and proceeding to New River and Christiausburg, destroyed the road, several important bridges and depots, including New River bridge, forming a junction with Crook at Union on the 15th. Gen- eral Sigel moved up the Shenandoah Valley, met the enemy at New Market on the 15th, and after a severe engagement was defeated with heavy loss, and retired behind Cedar Creek. Not regarding the operations of General Sigel as satisfactory, I asked his remova Page 24 24 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAI~. XLVIII. from command, and Major-General Hnnter was appointed to snper- sede him. His instructions were embraced in the following dis- patches to Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, Chief of Staff of the Army: NEAR SPOT5YLVANIA CoURT-HousE, VA., May 20, 1864. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: * * * * * * * The enemy are evidently relying for supplies greatly on such as are brought over the branch road running through Staunton. On the whole, therefore, I think it would be better for General Hunter to move in that direction; reach Staunton and Gordonsville or Charlottesville, if he does not meet too much opposition. If he can hold at bay a force equal to his own, he will be doing good service. * * * * * * * U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-Genei~al. JERICHO FORD, VA., May 25, 1864. Maj. Gen. H. W. JIALLECK: If Hunter can possibly get to Charlottesville and Lynchburg, he should do so, living on the country. The railroads and canal should be destroyed beyond possi- bility of repairs for weeks. Completing this he could find his way back to his original base, or from about Gordonsville join this army. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. General Hunter immediately took up the offensive, and moving up the Shenandoah Valley, met the enemy on the 5th of June at Piedmont, and after a battle of ten hours routed and defeated him, capturing on the field of battle 1,500 men, 3 pieces of artillery, and 300 stand of small-arms. On the 8th of the same month he forijied a junction with Crook and Averell at Staunton, from which place he moved direct on Lynchburg, via Lexington, which place he reached and invested on the 16th day of June. Up to this time he was very successful, and but for the difficulty of taking with him sufficient ordnance stores over so long a march through a hostile country, lie would no doubt have captured.that (to the enemy) important point. The destruction of the enemys supplies and manufactories was very great. To meet this movement under General Hunter, General Lee sent a force, perhaps equal to a corps, a part of which reached Lynchbnrg a short time before Hunter. After some skirmishing on the 17th and 18th, General Hunter, owing to a want of ammunition to give battle, retired from before the place. Unfortunately, this want of ammunition left him no choice of route for his return but by way of Kanawha. This lost to us the use of his troops for several weeks from the defense of the north. Had General Hunter moved by way of Charlottesville, instead of Lexington, as his instructions contem- plated, he would have been in a position to have covered the Shenan- doah Valley against the enemy, should the force he met have seemed to endanger it. If it did not, he would have been within easy dis- tance of the James River Canal, on the main line of communication between Lynchburg and the force sent for its defense. I have never taken exception to the operations of General Hunter, and I am not now disposed to find fault with him, for I have no doubt he acted within what he conceived to be the spirit of his instructions and the interests of the service. The promptitude of his movements and his gallantry should entitle him to the commendation of his country. * * Subordinate reports of Sigels and Hunters operations will appear in Vol. XXXVII Page 25 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 25 To return to the Army of the Potomac: The Second Corps com- menced crossing the James River on the morning of the 14th by ferry-boats at Wilcoxs Landing. The laying of the pontoon bridge was completed about midnight of the l4thtand the crossing of the balance of the army was rapidly pushed forward by both bridge and ferry. After the crossing had commenced, I proceeded by a steamer to Berm ida Hundred to give the necessary orders for the immediate capture of Petersburg. The instructions to General Butler were verbal, and were for him to send General Smith imme- diatelv, that night, with all the troops he could give him without sacrifi~Mng the position he then held. I told him that I would return at once to the Army of the Potomac, hasten its crossing, and throw it forward to Petersburg by divisions as rapidly as it could be done; that we could re-enforce our armies more rapidly there than the enemy could bring troops against us. General Smith got off as directed, and confronted the enemys pickets near Petersburg before daylight next morning, but, for some reason that I have never been able to satisfactorily understand, did not get ready to assault his main lines until near sundown. Then, with a part of his command only, he made the assault, and carried the lines northeast of Peters- burg from the Appomattox River, for a distance of over 2~ miles, capturing fifteen pieces of artillery and 300 prisoners. This was about 7 p. m. Between the line thus captured and Petersburg there were no other works, and there was no evidence that the enemy had re-enforced Petersburg with a single brigade from any source. The night was clear, the moon shining brightly, and favorable to further operations. General Hancock, with two divisions of the Second Corps, reached General Smith just after dark, and offered the serv- ice of these troops as he (Smith) might wish, waiving rank to the named commander, who he naturally supposed knew best the posi- tion of affairs and what to do with the troops. But instead of tak- ing these troops, and rushing at once into Petersburg, he requested General Hancock to relieve a part of his line in the captured works, which was done before midnight. By the time I arrived the next morning the enemy was in force. An attack was ordered to be made at 6 oclock that evening by the troops under Smith and the Second and Ninth Corps. It required until that time for the Ninth Corps to get up and into position. The attackwas made as ordered, and the fighting continued with but little intermission until 6 oclock the next morning and resulted in our carrying the advance and some of the main works of the enemy to the right (our left) of those previously captured by General Smith, several pieces of artillery, and over 400 prisoners. The Fifth Corps having got up, the attacks were renewed and persisted in with great vigor on the 17th and 18th, but only resulted in forcing the enemy to an interior line, from which he could not be dislodged. The advantages in position gained by us were very great. The army then proceeded to envelop Petersburg toward the South Side Railroad, as far as possible, without attacking fortifications. On the 16th, the enemy, to re-enforce Petersburg, withdrew from a part of his intrenchment in front of Bermuda Hundred, expecting; no doubt, to get troops from north of the James to take the place of those withdrawn before we could discover it. General Butler, taking advantage of this, at once moved a force on the railroad between Petersburg. and Richmond. As soon as I was apprised of the advantage thus gained, to retain it I ordered two divisions of the Sixth Corps Page 26 [CHAP. XLVIII. 26 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. General Wright commanding, that were embarking at Wilcoxs Landing, nnder orders for City Point, to report to General Butler, at Bermuda Hundred, of which General Butler was notified, and the importance of hok~ng a position in advance of his present line urged upon him. About 2 oclock in the afternoon General Butler was forced back to the line the enemy had withdrawn from in the morning. General Wright, with his two divisions, joined General Butler on the fore- noon of the 17th, the latter still holding with a strong picket-line the enemys works. But instead of putting these divisions into the enemys works to hold them, he permitted them to halt and rest some distance in the rear of his own line. Between 4 and 5 oclock in the afternoon the enemy attacked and drove in his pickets and reoccupied his old line. On the night of the 20th and morning of the 21st a lodgment was effected by General Butler with one bri- gade of infantry, on the north bank of the James, at Deep Bottom, and connected by pontoon bridge with Bermuda Hundred. On the 19th, General Sheridan, on his return from his expedition against the Virginia Central Railroad, arrived at the White House just as the enemys cavalry was about to attack it, and compelled it to retire. The result of this expedition was that General Sheridan met the enemys cavalry near Trevilian Station on the morning of the 11th of June, whom he attacked and, after an obstinate contest, drove from the field in complete rout. He left his dead and nearly all his wounded in our hands, and about 400 prisoners and several hundred horses. On the 12th he destroyed the railroad from Tre- vilian Station to Louisa Court-House. This occupied until 3 p. in., when he advanced in the direction of Gordonsville. He found the enemy re-enforced by infantry, behind well-constructed rifle-pits, about 5 miles from the latter place, and too strong to successfully assault. On the extreme right, however, his reserve brigade carried the enemys works twice, and was twice driven therefrom by infan- try. Night closed the contest. Not having sufficient ammunition to continue the engagement, and his animals being without forage (the country furnishing but inferior grazing), and hearing nothing fromG eneral Hunter, he withdrew his command to the north side of the North Anna, and commenced his return march, reaching White House at the time before stated. After breaking up the depot at that place he moved to the James River, which he reached safely after heavy fighting. He commenced crossing on the 25th, near Fort Powhatan, without further molestation, and rejoined the Army of the Potomac. On the 22d, General Wilson, with his own division of cavalry, of the Army of the Potomac, and General Kautzs division of cavalry, of the Army of the James, moved against the enemys railroads south of Richmond. Striking the Weldon railroad at Reams Sta- tion, destroying the depot and several miles of the road and the South Side road about 15 miles from Petersburg, to near Nottoway Station, where he met and defeated a force of the enemys cavalry, he reached Burkeville Station on the afternoon of the 23d, and from there destroyed the Danville railroad to Roanoke bridge, a distance of 25 miles, where he found the enemy in force, and in a position from which he could not dislodge him. He then commenced his re- turn march, and on the 28th met the enemys cavalry in force at the Weldon railroad crossing of Stony Creek, where he had a severe but not decisive engagement. Thence lie made a detour from hi Page 27 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 27 left, with a view of reaching Reams Station, supposing it to be in our possession. At this place he was met by. the enemys cavalry, supported by infantry, and forced to retire, with the loss of his artil- lery and trains. In this last encounter General Kautz, with a part of his command, became separated and made his way into our lines. General Wilson, with the remainder of his force, succeeded in crossing the Nottoway River, and coming in safely on our h~ft and rear. The damage to the enemy in this expedition more than compensated for the losses we sustained. It severed all connection by railroad with Richmond for several weeks. With a view of cutting the enemys railroad from near Richmond to the Anna Rivers and making him wary of the situation of his army in the Shenandoah, and in the event of failure in this to take advantage of his necessary withdrawal of troops from Petersburg to explode a mine that had beem~ prepared in front of the Ninth Corps and assault the enemys lines at that place, on the night of the 26th of July the Second Corps and two divisions of the Cavalry Corps and Kautzs cavalry were crossed to the north bank of the Janies River and joined the force General Butler had there. On the 27th, the enemy was driven from his intrenched position, with the loss of four pieces of artillery. On the 28th, our lines were extended from Deep Bottom to New Market road, but in getting this position were attacked by the enemy in heavy force. The fighting lasted for sev- eral hours, resulting in considerable loss to both sides. The first object of this move having failed, by reason of the very large force thrown there by the enemy, I determined to take advantage of the diversion made, by assaulting Petersburg before he could get his force back there. One division of the Second Corps was withdrawn on the night of the 28th, and moved during the night to the rear of the Eighteenth Corps, to relieve that corps in the line, that it might be foot-loose in the assault to be made. The other two divisions of the Second Corps and Sheridans cavalry were crossed over on the night of the 29th~ and moved in front of Petersburg. On the morn- ing of the 30th, between 4 and 5 oclock, the mine was sprung, blow- ing up a battery and most of a regiment, and the advance of the assaulting column, formed of the Ninth Corps, immediately took possession of the crater made by the explosion, and the line for some distance to the right and left of it, and a detached line in front of it, but for some cause failed to advance promptly to the ridge beyond. Had they done this, I have every reason to believe that Petersburg would have fallen. Other troops were immediately pushed forward, but the time consumed in getting them up enabled the enemy to rally from his surprise (which had been complete) and get forces to this point for its defense. The captured line thus held being untenable and of no advantage to us, the troops were withdraWn, but not with- out heavy loss. Thus terminated in disaster what promised to be the most successful assault of the campaign. * Immediately upon the enemys ascertaining that General Hunter was retreating from Lynchburg by way of the Kanawha River, thus laying the Shenandoah Valley open for raids into Maryland and Pennsylvania, he returned northward, and moved down that valley. As soon as this movement of the enemy was ascertained, General Hunter, who had reached the Kanawha River, was directed to move his troops without delay, by river and railroad, to Harpers Ferry * Subordinate reports of operations against Petersburg and Richmond from June 13 to July 31, 1864, will appear in Vol. XL Page 28 [CHAP. XLVIII. 28 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. but owing to the difficulty of navigation by reason of low water and breaks in the railroad, great delay was experienced in getting there. It became necessary, therefore, to find other troops to check this movement of the enemy. For this purpose the Sixth Corps was taken from the armies operating against Richmond, to which was added the IN ineteenth Corps, then, fortunately, beginning to arrive in Hampton Roads from the Gulf Department, under orders issued immediately after the ascertainment of the result of the Red River expedition. The garrisons of Baltimore and Washington were at this time made up of heavy artillery regiments, 100-days men and detach- ments from the Invalid Corps. One division, under command of General Ricketts, of the Sixth Corps, was sent to Baltimore, and the remaining two divisions of the Sixth Corps, under General Wright, were subsequently sent to Y~ashington. On the 3d of July the enemy approached Marfinsburg; General Sigel, who was in command of our forces there, retreated across the Potomac at Shep- herdstown, and General Weber, commanding at Harpers Ferry, crossed the river and occupied Maryland Heights. On the 6th, the enemy occupied Hagerstown, moving a strong column toward Fred- erick City. General Wallace, with Ricketts division and his own command, the latter mostly new and undisciplined troops, pushed out from Baltimore with great promptness and met the enemy in force on the Monocacy, near the crossing of the railroad bridge. His force was not sufficient to insure success, but he fought the en- emy nevertheless, and although it resulted in a defeat to our arms, yet it detained the enemy and thereby served to enable General Wright to reach Washington with two divisions of the Sixth Corps, and the advance of the Nineteenth Corps before him. From Monoc- acy the eneniy mOVe(l on Washington, his cavalry advance reaching Rockville on the evening of the 10th. On the 12th, a reconnaissance was thrown out in front of Fort Stevens, to ascertain the enemys position and force. A severe skirmish ensued, in which we lost about 280 in killed and wounded. The enemys loss was probably greater. He commenced retreating during the night. Learning the exact con- dition of affairs at Washington, I requested by telegraph, at 11.45 p. m. on the 12th, the assignment of Maj. Gen. H. G. Wright to the command of all the troops that could be made available to operate in the field against the enemy, and directed that he should get out- side of the trenches with all the force he could, and push Early to the last moment. General Wright commenced the pursuit on the 13th. On the 18th, the enemy was overtaken at Snickers Ferry, on the Shenandoah, when a sharp skirmish occurred; and on the 20th, General Averell encountered and defeated a portion of the rebel army at Winchester, capturing four pieces of artillery and several hun- dred prisoners. Learning that Early was retreating south toward Lynchburg or Richmond, I directed that the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps be got back to the armies operatilig against Richmond, so that they might be used in a movement against Lee before the return of the troops sent by him into the valley, and that Hunter should re- main in the Shenandoah Valley, keeping between any force of the enemy and Washington, acting on the defensive as much as possible. I felt that if the enemy had any notion of returning the fact would be developed before the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps could leave Washington. Subsequently the Nineteenth Corps was excepted from the order to return to the James Page 29 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 29 About the 2~th, it became evident that the enemy was again ad- vancing upon Maryland ~nd Pennsylvania, and the Sixth Corps, then at Washington, was ordered back to ,the vicinity of Harpers Ferry. The rebel force moved down the valley, and sent a raiding party into Pennsylvania, which, on the 30th, burned Chainbersburg and then retreated, pursued by our cavalry, toward Cumberland. They were met and defeated by General Kelley, and with diminished numbers escaped into the mountains of West Virginia. From the time of the first raid the telegraph wires were frequently down be-~ tween Washington and City Point, making it necessary to transmit messages a part of the way by boat. It took from twenty-four to thirty-six hours to get dispatches through and return answers back, so that often orders would be given, and then information would be received showing a different state of facts from those on which they were based, causing a confnsion and apparent contradiction of orders that must have considerably embarrassed those who had to execute them, and rendered operations against the enemy less effective than they other wise would have been. To remed~r this evil, it was evi- dent to my mind that some person should have the supreme command of all the forces in the Departments of West Virginia, Washington, Susquehanna, and the Middle Department, and I so recommended. On the 2d of August I ordered General Sheridan to report in per- son to Major-General Halleck, Chief of Staff, at Washington, with a view to his assignment to the command of all the forces against Early. At this time the enemy was concentrated in the neighbor- hood of Winchester, while our forces, under General Hunter, were concentrated on the Monocacy, at the crossing of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, leaving open to the enemy Western Maryland and Southern Pennsylvania. From where I was, I hesitated to give posi- tive orders for the movement of our forces at Monocacy, lest by so doing I should expose Washington. Therefore, on the 4th, I left City Point to visit Hunters command, and determine for myself what was best to be done. On arrival there, and after consultation with General Hunter, I issued to him the following instructions: MoNocAcy BRIDGE, MD., August 5,1864S p. m. Maj. Gen. D. HUNTER: GENERAL: Concentrate all your available force without delay in the vicinity of JI~arpers Ferry, leaving only such railroad guards and garrisons for public property as may be necessary. Use, in this concentratiGn, the railroad, if by so doing time can be saved. From Harpers Ferry, if it is found that the enemy has moved north of the Potomac in large force, push north, following him and attacking him wher- ever found; follow him if driven south of the Potomac as long as it is safe to do so. If it is ascertained that the enemy has but a small force north of the Potomac, then push south with the main force, detaching under a competent commander a suffi- cient force to look after the raiders, and drive them to their homes. In detaching such a force, the brigade of cavalry now en route from Washington, via Rockville, may be taken into account. There are now on the way to join you three other brigades of the best of cavalry, numbering at least 5,000 men and horses. These will be instructed, in the absence of further orders, to join you by the south side of the Potomac. One brigade will probably start to-morrow. In pushing up the Shenandoah Valley, where it is ex- pected you will have to go first or last, it is desirable that nothing should be left to invite the enemy to return. Take all provisions, forage, and stock wanted for the use of your command; such as cannot be consumed destroy. It is not desirable that the buildings should be destroyed; they should rather be protected, but the people should be informed that so long as an army can subsist among them recur * Subordinate reports of operations in the Shenandoah Valley and Maryland up to August 3, 1864, will appear in Vol. XXXVII Page 30 [CHAP. XLVIII. 30 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. rences of these raids must be expected, and we are determined to stop them at all hazards. Bear in mind the object is to drive the ehemy south, and to do this you want to keep him always in sight. Be guided in your course by the course he takes. Make your own arraligements for supplies of all kinds, giving regular vouchers for such as will be taken from loyal citizens in the country through which you march. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. The troops were immediately put in motion, and the advance reached Hailtown that night. General Hunter having, in our conversation, expressed a willing- ness to be relieved from command, I telegraphed to have General Sheridan, then at Washington, sent to Harpers Ferry by the morn- ing train, with orders to take general command of all the troops in the field, and to call on General Hunter at Monocacy, who would turn over to him my letter of instructions. I remained at Monocacy until General Sheridan arrived, on the morning of the 6th, and after a conference with him in relation to military affairs in that vicinity, I returned to City Point by way of Washington. On the 7th of Au- gust the Middle Department and the Departments of West Virginia, Washington, and Susqnehanna were constituted into the Middle Military Division, and Major-General Sheridan was assigned to temporary command of the same. Two divisions of cavalry, com- manded by Generals Torbert and Wilson, were sent to Sheridan from the Army of the Potomac. The first reached him at Harpers Ferry about the 11th of August. His operations dnring the month of August and the fore part of September were both of an offensive and defensive character, resulting in many severe skirmishes, prin- cipally by the cavalry, in which we were generally successful, but no general engagement took placer The two armies lay in such a positionthe enemy on the west bank of Opequon Creek, covering Winchester, and our forces in front of Berryvillethat either could bring on a battle at any time. Defeat to us would l~y open to the enemy the States of Mar y land and Pennsylvania for long distances before another army conld be interposed to check him. Under these circumstances I hesitated about allowing the initiative to be taken. Finally, the use of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Chesa- peake and Ohio Canal, which were both obstructed by the enemy, became so indispensably necessary to us, and the importance of re- lieving Pennsylvania and Maryland from continuously threatened invasion so great, that I determined the risk should be taken. But fearing to telegraph the order for an attack without knowing more than I did of General Sheridans feelings as to what would be the probable result, I left City Point on the 15th of September to visit him at his headquarters, to decide, after conference with him, what should be done. I met him at Charlestown, and he pointed out so distinctly how each army lay, what he could do the moment he was authorized, and expressed such confidence of success that I saw there were but two words of instruction necessaryGo in! For the con- venience of forage the teams for supplying the army were kept at Harpers Ferry. I asked him if he could get out his teams and sup- plies in time to make an attack on the ensuing Tuesday morning. His reply was that he could before daylight on Monday. He was off promptly to time, and I may here add that the resnlt was such that I have never since deemed it necessary to visit General Sheri- dan before giving him orders. Early on the morning of the 19th Page 31 Ciiip. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 31 General Sheridan attacked General Early at the crossing on the Opequon Creek, and after a most sanguinary and bloody battle, last- ing until 5 oclock in the evening, defeated him with heavy loss, carrying his entire position from Opequon Creek to Winchester, capturing several thousand prisoners and five pieces of artillery. The enemy rallied and made a stand in a strong position at Fishers Hill, where he was attacked and again defeated with heavy loss on the 20th [22d]. Sheridan pursued him with great energy through Harrisonburg, Staunton, and the gaps of the Blue Ridge. After stripping the upper valley of most of the supplies and provisions for the rebel army, he returned to Strasburg and took position on the north side of Cedar Creek. Having received considerable re-enforcements, General Early again returned to the valley, and on the 9th of October his cavalry encountered ours near Strasburg, where the rebels were defeated with the loss of eleven pieces of artillery, and 350 prisoners. On the night of the 18th, the enemy crossed the mountains which sepa- rate the branches of the Shenandoah, forded the North Fork, and early on the morning of the 19th, under cover of the darkness and the fog, surprised and turned our left flank, capturing the bat- teries which enfiladed our whole line. Our troops fell back with heavy loss and in much confusion, but were finally rallied between Middletown and Newtown. At this juncture General Sheridan, who was at Winchester when the battle commenced, arrived on the field, arranged his lines just in time to repulse a heavy attack of the en- emy, and immediately assuming the offensive, he attacked in turn with great vigor The enemy was defeated with great slaughter, and the loss of most of his artillery and trains, and the trophies he had captured in the morning. The wreck of his army escaped dur- ing the night, and fled in the direction of Staunton and Lynchburg. Pursuit was made to Mount Jackson. Thus ended this, the enemys last attempt to invade the North via the Shenandoah Valley. I was now enabled to return the Sixth Corps to the Army of the Potomac, and to send one division from Sheridans army to the Army of the James, aiid another to Savannah, Ga., to hold Shermans new acqui- sitions on the sea-coast, and thus enable him to move without detach- ing from his force for that purpose. * Reports from various sources led me to believe that the enemy had detached three divisions from Petersburg to re-enforce Early in the Shenandoah Valley. I therefore sent the Second Corps and Greggs division of cavalry, of the Army of the Potomac, and a force of General Butlers army, on the night of the 13th of August, to threaten Richmond from the north side of the James, to prevent him from sending troops away, and, if possible, to draw back those sent. In this move we captured six pieces of artillery and several hundred prisoners, detained troops that were under marching orders, and ascertained that but one division (Kershaws) of the three re- puted detached had gone. The enemy having withdrawn heavily from Petersburg to resist this movement, the Fifth Corps, General Warren conimanding, was moved out on the 18th and took possession of the Weldon railroad. During the day he had considerable fight- ing. To regain possession of the road, the enemy made repeated and desperate assaults, but was each time repulsed with great loss. On * Subordinate reports of operations in the Shenandoah Valley froui August 4 to December 31, 1864, will appear in Vol. XLIII Page 32 [CHAP. XLYIIL 32 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. the night of the 20th, the troops on the north side of the James were withdrawn, and Hancock and Gregg retnrned to the front of Peters- bnrg. On the 25th, the Second Corps and Greggs division of cav- alry, while at Reams Station destroying the railroad, were attacked, and after desperate fighting a part of onr line gave way and five pieces of artillery fell into the hands of the enemy. By the 12th of September a branch railroad was completed from the City Point and Petersbnrg Railroad to the Weldon railroad, enabling us to supply without difficulty, in all weather, the army in front of Petersburg. The extension of onr lines across the Weldon railroad compelled the enemy to so extend his that it seemed he could have but few troops north of the James for the defense of Richmond. On the night of the 28th, the Tenth Corps, Major-General Birney, and the Eighteenth Corps, Major-General Ord commanding, of General Butlers army, were crossed to the north side of the James, and ad- vanced on the morning of the 29th, carrying the very strong fortifi- cations and intrenchments below Chaffins Farm, known as Fort Harrison, capturing fifteen pieces of artillery and the New Market road and intrenchments. This success was followed up by a gallant assault upon Fort Gilmer, immediately in front of the Chaffin Farm fortifications, in which we were repulsed with heavy loss. Kantzs cavalry was pushed forward on the road to the right of this, supported by infantry, and reached the enemys inner line, but was unable to get farther. The position captured from the enemy was so threatening to Richmond that I determined to hold it. The enemy made several desperate attempts to dislodge us, all of which were unsuccessful, and for which he paid dearly. On the morning of the 30th, General Meade sent out a reconnaissance, with a view to attacking the enemys line if it was found sufficiently weakened by withdrawal of troops to the north side. In this reconnaissance we captured and held the enemys works near Poplar Spring Church. In the afternoon troops moving to get to the left of the point gained were attacked by the enemy in heavy force and compelled to fall back until supported by the forces holding the captured works. Our cavalry, under Gregg, was also attacked, but repulsed the enemy with great loss. On the 7th of October the enemy attacked Kautzs cavalry north of the James and drove it back with heavy loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners, and the loss of all the artillery eight or nine pieces. This he followed up by an attack on our in- trenched infantry line, but was repulsed with severe slaughter. On the 13th, a reconnaissance was sent out by General Butler with a view to drive the enemy from some new works he was constructing, which resulted in very heavy loss to us. On the 27th, the Army of the Potomac, leaving only sufficient men to hold its fortified line, moved by the enemys .right flank. The Second Corps, followed by two divisions of the Fifth Corps, with the cavalry in advance and covering our left flank, forced a passage of Hatchers Run, and moved up the south side of it toward the South Side Railroad, until the Second Corps and part of the cav- alry reached the Boydton plank road; where it crosses Hatchers Run. sAt this point we were 6 miles distant from the South Side Railroad, which I had hoped by this movement to reach and hold. But finding that we had not reached the end of the ~nemys fortifi- cations, and no place presenting itself for a successful assault by which he might be doubled up and shortened, I determined to with- draw to within our fortified lines. Orders were given accordingly Page 33 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 33 Immediately upon receiving a report that General Wai9ren had con- nected with General Haiicock I returned to my headquarters. Soon after I left the enemy moved out across Hatchers Run, in the gap between Generals Hancock and Warren, which was not closed as reported, and made a desperate attack on General Hancocks right and rear. General Hancock immediately faced his corps to meet it, and after a bloody combat drove the enemy within his works, and withdrew that night to his old position. In support of this move- ument General Butler made a demonstration on the north side of the James, and attacked the enemy on the Williamsburg road and also on the York River Railroad. In the former lie was unsuccessful; in the latter he succeeded in carrying a work which was afterward abandoned, and Ii is forces withdrawn to their former positions. From this time forward the operations in front of Petersburg and Richmond, until the spring campaign of 186~, were confined to the defemise amid extension of our lines and to offemisive movements for crippling the enemys lines of conmmnumiication and to prevent his detaching any considerable force to send south. * By the 7th of February our lines were extended to Hatchers Run, and t4ie Weldon railroad had been destroyed to Hicksford. General Sliermami moved from Chattanooga on the 6th of May, with the Arniies of the Cumberland. Tennessee, and Ohio, com- manded, respectively, by Generals Thomas, McPherson, an(l Scho- field, upon Johnstons army at Dalton; but finding the enemys posi- tions at Buzzard Roost, covering Dalton, too strong to be assaulted, General McPherson was sent through Snake [Creek] Gap to turn it, while Generals Thomas and Schofield threatened it in front and on the north. This movement was successful. Johnston, findimig his retreat likely to be cut off, fell back to his fortified position at Re- saca, where he was attacked on the afternoon of May 15. A heavy battle ensued. During the night the enemy retreated south. Late on the 17th, his rear guard was overtaken near Adairsville, and heavy skirmishing followed. The next morning, however, he had again disappeared. He was vigorously pursued and was overtaken at Cassvihle on the 19th, but, during the ensuimig night, retreated across the Etowah. While these operations were going on, Gemieral Jefferson .C. Davis division of Thomas army was sent to Rome, capturing it with its forts and artillery and its valuable mills and foundries. General Sherman having given his army a few days rest at this point, again put it in motion on the 23d for Dallas, with a view of turning the difficult pass at Allatoona. On the afternoon of the 25th, the advance, under General Hooker, had a severe battle with the enemy, driving him back to New Hope Church, near Dal- las. Several sharp encounters occurred at this point. The most important ~~as on the 28th, when the enemy assaulted General Mc- Phierson at Dallas, but received a terrible and bloody repulse. On the 4th of June, Johnston abandoned his intrenched position at New Hope Church and retreated to the strong positions of Ken- esaw, P imme, and Lost Mountains. He was forced to yield the two last-nanied places and concentrate his army on Kenesaw, where, on the 27th, Generals Thomas and McPherson made a determined but unsuccessful assault. On the night of the 2d of July, Sherman commenced moving his army by the right flank, and on the morning * Subordinate reports of operations against Petersburg and Richmond from Au- gw~t ~ .to December 31, 1864, will appear in Vol. XLII. 3 R RVOL XXXVI, PT Page 34 34 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. of the 3d found that the enemy, in consequence of this movement, had abandoned Kenesaw and retreated across the Chatt~hoochee. General Sherman remained on the Chattahoochee to give his men rest and get up stores until the 17th of July, when he resumed his operations, crossed the Chattahoochee, destroyed a large portion of the railroad to Augusta, and drove the enemy back to Atlanta. At this place General Hood succeeded General Johnston in command of the rebel army, and, assuming the offensive-defensive policy, made several severe attacks upon Sherman in the vicinity of Atlanta, the most desperate and determined of which was on the 22d of July. About ip. m. of this day the brave, accomplished, and noble-hearted McPherson was killed. General Logan succeeded him, and com- manded the Army of the Tennessee through this desperate battle, and until he was superseded by Major-General Howard, on the 26th, with the same success and ability that had characterized him in the command of a corps or division. In all these a1~tacks the enemy was repulsed with great loss. Finding it impossible to en- tirely invest the place, General Sherman, after securing his line of communications across the Chattahoochee, moved his main force round by the enemys left flank upon the Montgomery and Macon rQads, to draw the enemy from his fortifications. In this he suc- ceeded, and after defeating the enemy near Rough and Ready, Jones- borough, and Lovejoys, forcing him to retreat to the south, On the 2d of September occupied Atlanta, the objective point ot his cam- paign. About the time of this move tlie rebel cavalry, under Wheeler, . attempted to cut his communications in the rear, but was repulsed at Dalton and driven into East Tennessee, whence it pro- ceeded west to McMinnville, Murfreesborough, and Franklin, and was finally driven south of the Tennessee. The damage done by. this raid was repaired in a few days. During the partial investment of Atlanta, General Rousseau joined General Sherman with a force of cavalry from Decatur, having made a successful raid upon the Atlanta amid Montgomery Railroad and its branches near Opelika. Cavalry raids were also made by Generals McCook, Garrard, and Stoneman to cut the remaining railroad communication with At- lanta. The first two were successful; the latter disastrous. General Shermans movement from Chattanooga to Atlanta was prompt, skillful, and brilliant. The history of his flank movememits and battles during that memorable campaign will ever be read with an interest unsurpassed by anything in history. His own report, and those of his subordinate commanders accompanying it give the details of that most successful campaign. * He was dependent for the supply of his armies upon a single-track railroad from Nashville to the point where he was operating. This passed the entire dis- tance through a hostile country, amid every foot of it had to be pro- tected by troops. The cavalry force of the enemy under Forrest, in Northern Mississippi, was eyidently waiting for Sherman to advance far enough into the mountains of Georgia to make a retreat dis- astrous, to get upon this line and destroy it beyond the possibility of further use. To guard against this danger Sherman left what he supposed to be a sufficient force to operate against Forrest in West Tennessee. He directed General Washburn, who commanded there, to send Brig. Gen. S. D. Sturgis, in command of this force, to attack him. On the morning of the 10th of June General Sturgis met the * Subordinate reports of the Atlanta campaign will appear in Vol. XXXVIII Page 35 CHAP. XLVIH.] GE ERAL REPORTS. 35 enemy near Guntown, Miss., was badly beaten, and driven back in ntter rout and confusion to Memphis, a distance of about 100 miles, hotly pursned by the enemy. By this, however, the enemy was defeated in his designs upon Sher~ians line of communications. The persistency with which he followed up this snccess exhausted liini, and made a season for rest and repairs necessary. In the mean time Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith, with the troops of the Army of the Tennessee that had been sent by General Sherman to General Banks, arrived at Memphis on their return from Red River, where they had done most excellent service. He was directed by General Sherman to immediately take the offensive against Forrest. This lie did with the promptness and effect which has characterized his whole mili- tary career. On the 14th of July he met the enemy at Tupelo, Miss., and whipped him badly. The fighting continued through three days. Our loss was small compared with that of the enemy. Having accomplished the object of his expedition, General Smith returned to Memphis. * During the months of March and April this satne force under Forrest annoyed us considerably. On the 24th of March it captured Union City, Ky., and its garrison, and on the 24th [25th] attacked Paducah, commanded by Col. S. G. Hicks, Fortieth Illinois Volunteers. Colonel Hicks having but a small force, withdrew to the forts miear the river, from where lie repulsed the enemy and drove him from the place. On the 13th of April part of this force, under the rebel General Buford, summoned the garrison of Columbus, Ky., to surrender, but received for reply from Colonel Lawrence, Thirty-fourth New Jersey Volunteers, that, being placed there by his Government with adequate force to hold his post and repel all enemies from it, surren(ler was out of the question. On the morning of the same dayf Forrest attacked Fort Pillow, Tenn., garrisoned by a detachment of Tennessee cavalry and the First Regiment Alabama Colored Troops, commanded by Major Booth. The garrison fought bravely until about 3 oclock in the afternoon, when the enemy carried the works by assault, and, after our men threw. down their arms, proceeded to an inhuman and merciless massacre of the garrison. On the 14th, General Buford, having failed at Columbus, appeared before Paducah, but was again driven off. ~ Guerrillas and raiders, seemingly emboldened by Forrests oper- ations, were also very active mu Kentucky. The most noted of these was Morgan. With a force of froni 2,000 to 3,000 cavalry he entered the State through Pound Gap in the latter part of May. On the 11th of June he attacked and captured Cynthiana, with its entire garri- son. On the 12th, he was overtaken by General Burbridge and com- pletely routed with heavy loss, and was finally driven out of the State. This notorious guerrilla was afterward surprised and killed near Greeneville, Teun., and his command captured and dispersed by General Gillem. In the absence of official reports of the commencement of the Red River expedition, except so far as relates to the movements of the * Subordinate reports of Sturgis and A. J. Smiths expeditions will appear in Vol. XXXIX. fA mistake. Forrest attacked Fort Pillow on April 12. t For subordinate reports of Forrests expedition into West Tennessee and Ken- tucky, see Vol. XXXII, Part I, p. 501. ~ For subordinate reports of operations in Kentucky and East Tennessee, see Vol. XXXIX Page 36 36 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. troops sent by General Sherman nnder A. J. Smith, I am unable to give the date of its starting. The troops under General Smith, com- prising two divisions of the Sixteenth and a detachment of the SeVen- teenth Army Corps, left Vicksbi~rg on the 10th of March and reached the designated point on Red River one day earlier than that ap- pointed by General Banks. The rebel forces at Fort De Russy, thinking to defeat him, left the fort on the 14th to give him battle in the open field; but, while occupying the enemy with skirmishing and demonstrations, Smith pushed forward to Fort De Russy, which had been left with a weak garrison, and captured it, with its garri- son, about 350 men, eleven pieces of artillery, and many small-arms. Our loss was but slight. On the 15th, he pushed forward to Alex- andria, which place he reached on the 18th. On the 21st, he ~tad an engagement with the enemy at Hendersons Hill, in which he de- feated him, capturing 210 prisoners and four pieces of artillery. On the 28th, he again attacked and defeated the enemy under the rebel General Taylor at Cane River. * By the 26th, General Banks had assembled his whole army at Alexandria and pushed forward to Grand Ecore. On the morning of April 6, he moved from Grand Ecore. On the afternoon of the 7th, his advance engaged the enemy near Pleasant Hill and drove him from the field. On the same afternoon the enemy made a stand 8 miles beyond Pleasant Hill, but was again compelled to retreat. On the 8th, at Sabine Cross-Roads and Peach Hill, the enemy attacked and defeated his advance, cap- turing nineteen pieces of artillery and an immense amount of trans- portation and stores. During the night General Banks fell back to Pleasant Hill, where another battle was fought on the 9th, and the enemy repulsed with great loss. During the night General Banks continued his retrogade movement to Grand Ecore, and thence to Alexandria, which he reached on the 27th of April. Here a serious difficulty arose in getting Admiral Porters fleet, which accompanied the expedition, over the rapids, the water having fallen so much since they passed up as to prevent their return. At the suggestion of Col- onel (now Brigadier-General) Bailey, and under his superintendence, wing-dams were constructed, by which the channel was contracted so that the fleet passed down the rapids in safety. The army evacuated Alexandria on the 14th of May, after con- siderable skirmishing with the enemys advance, and reached Mor- ganza and Point Coup~e near the end of the month. The disastrous termination of this expedition, and the lateness of the season, ren- dered impracticable the carrying out of my plans of a movement in force sufficient to insure the capture of Mobile. On the 23d of March Major-General Steele left Little Rock with the Seventh Army Corps to co-operate with General Banks expedi- tion on Red River, and reached Arkadelphia on the 28th. On the 16th of April, after driving the enemy before him, he was joined near Elkins Ferry, in Onachita County, by General Thayer, who had marched from Fort Smith. After several severe skirmishes, in which the enemy was defeated, General Steele reached Camden, which he occupied about the middle of April. On learning the defeat and consequent retreat of General Banks on Red River and the loss of one of his own trains at Marks Mills, in Dallas County, General Steele determined to fall back to the Arkansas River. He left Camden on the 26th of April and reached Little Rock on the 2d *A mistake. A. J. Smiths command reached Cotile Landing March 28 Page 37 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 37 of May. On the 30th of April the enemy attacked him while cross- ing Saline River at Jenkins Ferry, but was repulsed with considera- ble loss. Our loss was about 600 in killed, wounded, and prisoners. Major-General Canby, who had been assigned to the command of the Military Division of West Mississippi, was therefore directed to send the Nineteenth Army Corps to join the armies operatiiig against Richmond, and to limit the remainder of his command to such oper- ations as might be iiecessary to hold the positions and lines of com- munications he then occupied. Before starting General A. J. Smiths troops back to Sherman, General Canby sent a part of it to disperse a force of the enemy that was collectiiig near the Mississippi River. General Smith met and defeated this force near Lake Chicot on the 5th of June. Our loss was about 40 killed and 70 wounded. In the latter part of July General Canby sent Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, with snch forces as he could collect, to co-operate with Admiral Farragut against the defenses of Mobile Bay. On the 8th of August Fort Gaines surrendered to the combined naval and land forces. Fort Powell was blown up and abandoned. On the 9th, Fort Morgan was invested, and after a severe bombardment sur- reiidered on the 23d. The total captures amounted to 1,464 prison- ers and 104 pieces of artillery. * About the last of August, it being reported that the rebel General Price, with a force of about 10,000 men, had reached Jacksouport, on his way to invade Missouri, General A. J. Smiths command, then eii route from Memphis to join Sherman, was ordered to Missouri. A cavalry force was also, at the same time, sent from Memphis, un- der command of Colonel Winslow. This made General Rosecrans forces superior to those of Price, and no doubt was entertained he would be able to check Price and drive him back; while the forces under General Steele, in Arkansas, would cut off his retreat. On the 26th day of September Price attacked Pilot Knob and forced the garrison to retreat, and thence moved north to the Missouri River, and continued up that river toward Kansas. General Curtis, com- manding Department of Kansas, immediately collected such forces as he could to repel his invasion of Ka,nsas, while General Rosecrans cavalry was operating iii his rear. The enemy was brought to battle on the Big Blue and defeated, with the loss of nearly all his artillery amid trains and a large number of prisoners. He made a precipitate retreat to Northern Arkansas. The impunity with which Price was enabled to roam over the State of Missouri for a long time, and the incalculable mischief done by him, shows to how little purpose a superior force may be used. There is no reason why General Rose- craus should not have concentrated his forces and beaten and driven Price before the latter reached Pilot Knob. t September 20, the enemys cavalry under Forrest crossed the Ten- nessee near Waterloo, Ala., and on the 23d attacked the garrison at Athens, consisting of 600 men, which capitulated on the 24th. Soon after the surrender two regiments of re-enforcements arrived, and after a severe fight were compelled to surrender. Forrest destroyed the railroad westward, captured the garrison at Sulphur Branch trestle, skirmished with the garrison at Pulaski on the 27th, and on the same day cut the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad near Tul- lahoma and Decherd. On the morning of the 30th, one column of Forrests command, under Buford, appeared before Huntsville, amid * Subordinate reports of operations against Mobile will appear in Vol. XXXIX. t Subordinate reports of operations in Missouri will appear in Vol. XLI Page 38 [CHAP. XLVIII. 38 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. summoned the surrender of the garrison. Receiving an answer in the negative, he remained in the vicinity of the place until next morning, when he again summoned its surrender, and received the same reply as on the night before. He withdrew in the direction of Athens, which place had been regarri~oned, and attacked it on the afternoon of the 1st of October, but without success. On the morn- ing of the 2d, he renewed his attack, but was handsomely repulsed. Another column under Forrest appeared before Columbia on the morning of the 1st, but did not make an attack. On the morning of the 3d, he moved toward Mount Pleasant. While these operations were going on every exertion was made by General Thomas to de- stroy the forces under Forrest before he could recross the Tennessee, but was unable to prevent his escape to Corinth, Miss. In Septem- ber an exp edition under General Burbridge was sent to destroy the salt-works at Saltville, Va. lie met the enemy on the 2d of October, about 3-i- miles from Saltville, and drove him into his strongly in- trenched position around the salt-works, from which he was unable to dislodge him. During the night he withdrew his command and returned to Kentucky. * General Sherman, immediately after the fall of Atlanta, pnt his armies in camp in and about the place, and made all preparations for refitting and supplying them for future service. The great length of road from Atlanta to the Cumberland River, however, which had to be guarded, allowed the troops but little rest. During this time Jeff. Davis made a speech in Macon, Ga., which was reported in the papers of the Sonth, and soon became known to the whole country, disclosing the plans of the enemy, thus enabling General Sherman to fully meet them. He exhibited the weakness of supposing that an army that had been beaten and fearfuly deci- mated in a vain attempt at the defensive could successfully under- take the offensive against the army that had so often defeated it. In execution of this plan, Hood, with his army, was soon reported to the southwest of Atlanta. Moving far to Shermans right, he suc- ceeded in reaching the railroad about Big Shanty, and moved north on it. General Sherman, leaving a force to hold Atlanta, with the re- mainder of his army fell upon him and drove him to Gadsden, Ala. Seeing the constant annoyance he would have with the roads to his rear if we attempted to hold Atlanta, General Sherman proposed the abandonment and destruction of that place, with all the railroads leading to it, arid telegraphed me as follows: CENTREVILLE, GA., October 10, 1864noon. Lieutenant-General GRANT: Dispatch about Wilson just received. Hood is now crossing Coosa River, 12 miles below Rome, bound west. If he passes over the Mobile and Ohio Road, had I not better execute the plan of my letter sent by Colonel Porter, aiid leave General Thomas, with the troops now in Tennessee, to defend the State? He will have an ample force when the re-enforcements ordered reach Nashville. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General. For a full understanding of the plan referred to in this dispatch, I quote from the letter sent by Colonel Porter: I will tberefore give my opinion that your army and Canbys should be re-en- forced to the maximum; that, after you get Wilmington, you strike for Savannah * Subordinate reports of operations in Alabama and Tennessee will appear in Vol. XXXIX Page 39 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. ~39 and the river; that Canby be instructed to hold the Mississippi River, and send a force to get Columbus, Ga., either by the way of the Alabama or Apalachicola, and that I keep Hood employed and put my army in final order for a march on Augusta, Columbia, and Charleston, to be ready as soon as Wilmington is sealed as to commerce and the city of Savann~h is in our possession. This was in reply to a letter of mine of date September 12, in answer to a dispatch of his containing substantially the same propo- sition, and in which I informed him of a proposed movement against Wilmington, and of the situation in Virginia, & c. CITY POINT, VA., October 11, 186411 a. m. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN: Your dispatch of October 10 received. Does it not look as if Hood was going to attempt the invasion of Middle Tennessee, using the Mobile and Ohio and Memphis and Charleston roads to supply his base on the Tennessee River, about Florence or Decatur? If he does this he ought to be met and prevented from getting north of the Tennessee River. If you were to cut loose, I do not believe you wOuld meet Hoods army, but would be bushwhacked by all the old men, little boys, and such railroad guards as are still left at home. Hood would probably strike for Nashville, thinking that by going north he could inflict greater damage upon us than we could upon the rebels by going south. If there is any way of getting at Hoods army I would prefer that; but I must trust to your own judgment. I find I shall not be able to send a force from here to act with you on Savannah. Your movements, therefore, will be independent of mine, at least until the fall of Richmond takes place. I am afraid Thomas, with such lines of road as he has to protect, could not prevent Hood from going north. With Wilson turned loose with all your cavalry, you will find the rebels put much more on the defensive than heretofore. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. KINGSTON, GA., October 11, 1864a. m. Lieutenant-General GRANT: Hood moved his army from Palr~etto Station across by Dallas and Cedartown, and is now on the Coosa River, south of Rome. He threw one corps on my road at Acworth, and I was forced to follow. I hold Atlanta with the Twentieth Corps, and have strong detachments along my line. This reduces my active force to a comparatively small army. We cannot remain here on the defensive. With the 25,000 men, and the bold cavalry he has, he can constantly break my roads. I would infinitely prefer to make a wreck of the road and of the country from Chat- tanooga to Atlanta. including the latter city, send back all my wounded and, worth- less, and, with my effective army, move through Georgia, smashing things to the sea. Hood may turn into Tennessee and Kentucky, but I believe he will be forced to follow me. Instead of my being on the defensive, I would be on the offensive; instead of guessing at what he means to do, he would have to guess at my plans. The difference in war is full 25 per cent. I can make Savannah, Charleston, or the mouth of the Chattahoochee. Answer quick, as I know we will not have the telegraph long. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General. CITY POINT, VA., October 11, 186411.30 p. m. Maj. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN: Your dispatch of to-day received. If you are satisfied the trip to the sea-coast can be made, holding the line of the Tennessee River firmly, you may make it, destroying all the railroad south of Dalton or Chattanooga, as you think best. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. It was the original design to hold Atlanta, and by getting through to the coast, with a garrison left on the southern railroads leading east and west through Georgia, to effectually sever the east from the west; in other words, cut the would-be Confederacy in two again, as it had been cut once by our gaining possession of the Mis- sissippi River. General Shermans plan virtually effected thi Page 40 40 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. object. General Sherman commenced at once his preparations for his proposed movement, keeping his army in position in the mean time to watch Hood. Becoming satisfied that Hood had moved west- ward from Gadsden across Sand Mo~nntain, General Sherman sent the Fonrth Corps, Major-General Stanley commanding, and the Twenty-third Corps, Major-General Schofield commanding, back to Chattanooga to report to Major-General Thomas, at Nashville, whom he had placed in command of all the troops of his military division save the fonr army corps and cavalry division he designed to move with throngh Georgia. With the troops thns left at his disposal, there was little donbt that General Thomas could hold the line of the Tennessee, or in the event Hood should force it, would be able t concentrate and beat him in battle. It was therefore readily con- sented to that Sherman should start for the sea-coast. Having con- centrated his troops at Atlanta by the 14th of November, he coin- menced his march, threatening both Augusta and Macon. His coming out point could not be definitely fixed. Having to gather his subsistence as he marched throngh the country, it was not im- possible that a force inferior to his own might compel him to head for such point as he could reach, instead of such as he might prefer. The blindness of the enemy, however, in ignoring his movement, and sending Hoods army, the only considerable force he had west of Richmond and east of the Mississippi River, northward on an offensive campaign, left the whole country open and Shermans route to his own choice. How that campaign was conducted, how little opposition was met with, the condition of the country through which the armies passed, the capture of Fort McAllister, on the Savannah River, and the occupation of Savannah on the 21st of December, are all clearly set forth in General Shermans admirable report. * Soon after General Sherman commenced his march from Atlanta, two expeditions, one from Baton Rouge, La., and one from Vicks- burg, Miss., were started by General Canby to cut the enemys lines of communication with Mobile and detain troops in that field. Gen- eral Foster, commanding Department of the South, also sent an ex- pedition, via Broad River, to destroy the railroad between Charles- ton and Savannah. The expedition from Yicksburg, under conimand of Bvt. Brig. Gen. E. D. Osband (colonel Third U. S. Colored Cay alry), captured, on the 27th of November, and destroyed the Missis sippi Central Railroad bridge and trestle-work over Big Black River, near Canton, 30 miles of the road, and two locomotives, besides large amounts of stores. The expedition from Baton Rouge was without favorable results. The expedition from the Department of the South, under the immediate command of Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch, consisting of about 5,000 men of all arms, including a brigade from the Navy, proceeded up Broad River and embarked at Boyds Neck on the 29th of November, from where it moved to strike the railroaQ at Grahamville. At Honey Hill, about 3 miles from Grahamnville, the enemy was found and attacked in a strongly fortified position, which resulted, after severe fighting, in our repulse, with a loss of 746 in killed, wounded, and missing. During the night General Hatch withdrew. On the 6th of December General Foster obtained a position covering the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, between the Coosawhatchee and Tulifinny Rivers. * Subordinate reports of the Savannah campaign will appear in VoL XLIV Page 41 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENE1~AL REPO1~TS. 41 Hood, instead of following Sherman, continued his move north- ward, which seemed to me to be leading to his certain doom. At all events, had I had the power to command both armies, I should not have changed the orders under which he seemed to be acting. On the 26th of October the advance of Hoods army attacked the garri- son at Decatur, Ala., bnt failing to carry the place, withdrew to- ward Courtland, and succeeded, in the face of our cavalry, in effect- ing a lodgment on the north side of the Tennessee River, near Florence. On the 28th, Forrest reached the Tennessee9 at Fort Heiman, and captured a gnu-boat and three transports. On the 2d of November .he planted batteries above and below Johusonville, on the opposite side of the river, isolating three gun-boats and eight transports. On the 4th, the enemy opened his batteries upon the place, and was replied to from the gnu-boats and the garrison. The gun-boats becoming disabled were set on fire, as also were the transports, to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy. About $1,500,000 worth of stores and property on the levee and in store-houses was consumed by fire. On the 5th, the enemy disappeared and crossed to the north side of the Tennessee River, above Johusonville, moving toward Clifton, and subsequently joined Hood. On the night of the 5th, General Schofield, with the advance of the Twenty-third Corps, reached Johusonville, but find- ing the enemy gone, was ordered to Pulaski, and put in command of all the troops there, with instructions to watch the movements of Hood and retard his advance, but not to risk a general engagement until the arrival of General A. J. Smiths command from Missouri, and until General Wilson could get his cavalry remounted. On the 19th, General Hood continued his advance. General Thomas, retarding him as much as possible, fell back toward Nash- ville for the purpose of concentrating his command and gaining time for the arrival of re-en forcements. The enemy coming up with our main force, commanded by General Schofield, at Franklin, on the 30th, assaulted our works repeatedly during the afternoon until late at night, but was in every instance repulsed. His loss in this battle was 1,750 killed, 702 prisoners, and 3,800 wounded. Arnon~g his losses were 6 general officers killed, 6 wounded, and 1 captured. Our entire loss was 2,300. This was the first serious opposition the enemy met with, and I am satisfied was the fatal blow ~to all his expectations. During the night Gei~eral Schofield fell back toward Nashville. This left the field to the enemynot lost by battle, but voluntarily abandonedso that General Thomas whole force might be brought together. The enemy followed up and commenced the establishment of his line in front of Nashville on the 2d of Decem- ber. As soon as it was ascertained that Hood was crossing the Ten- nessee River, and that Price was going out of Missouri, General Rosecrans was ordered to send to General Thomas the troops of Gen- eral A. J. Smiths command and such other troops as lie could spare. The advance of this re-enforcement reached Nashville on the 30th of November. On the morning of the 15th of December General Thomas attacked Hood in position, and, in a battle lasting two days, defeated and drove him from the field in the utmost confusion, leav- ing in our hands most of his artillery and many thousand prisoners, including 4 general officers. Before the battle of Nashville I grew very impatient over, as it ap- peared to me, the unnecessary delay. This impatience was increased upon learning that the enemy had sent a force of cavalry across th Page 42 42 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Cumberland into Kentucky. I feared Hood would cross his whole army and give us great trouble there. After urging upon General Thomas the necessity of immediately assuming the offensive, I started west to superintend matters there in person. Reaching Washington City, I received General Thomas dispatch announcing his attack upon the enemy, and the result as far as the battle had progressed. I was delighted. All fears and apprehensions were dispelled. I am not yet satisfied but that General Thomas, immediately upon the appearance of Hood before Nashville, and before he had time to fortify, should have moved out with his whole force and given him battle instead of waiting to remount his cavalry, which delayed him until the inclemency of the weather made it impracticable to attack earlier than he did. But his final defeat of Hood was so complete that it will be accepted as a vindication of that distin- guished officers judgment. After Hoods defeat at Nashville he retreated, closely pursued by cavalry and infantry, to the Tennessee River, being forced to aban- don many pieces of artillery and most of his transportation. On the 28th of December our advance forces ascertained that he had made good his escape to the south side of the river. About this time, the rains having set in heavily in Tennessee and North Alabama, mak- ing it difficult to move army transportation and artillery, General Thomas stopped the pursuit by his main force at the Tennessee River. A small force of cavalry, under Col. W. J. Palmer, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, continued to follow Hood for some dis- tance, capturing considerable transportation and the enemys pon- toon bridge. The details of these operations will be found clearly set forth in General Thomas report. * A cavalry expedition, under Brevet Major-General Grierson, started from Memphis on the 21st of December. On the 25th, he surprised and captured Forrests dismounted camp at Verona, Miss., on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, destroyed the railroad, sixteen cars loaded with wagons and pontoons for Hoods army, 4,000 new English carbines, and large amounts of public stores. On the morning of the 28th, he attacked and captured a force of the enemy at Egypt, and destroyed a train of fourteen cars; thence, turning to the south- west, he struck the Mississippi Central Railroad at Winona, de- stroyed tT~e factories and large amounts of stores at Bankston, and the machine-shops and public property at Grenada, arriving at Vicksburg January 5. During these operations in Middle Tennes- see the enemy, with a force under General Breckinridge, entered East Teniiessee. On the 18th of November he attacked General Gillem near Morristown, capturing his artillery and several hundred prisoners. Gillem, with what was left of his command, retreated to Knoxville. Following up his success, Breckinridge moved to near Knoxville, but withdrew on the 18th, followed by General Ammen. Under the directions of General Thomas, General Stoneman concen- trated the commands of Generals Burbridge and Gillemn near Beans Station to operate against Breckinridge, and ~estroy or drive him into Virginia, destroy the salt-works at Saltville and the railroad into Virginia as far as he could go without endangering his com- mand. On the 12th of December he commenced his movement, cap- turing and dispersing the enemys forces wherever he met them. On the 16th, he struck the eiiemy, under Vaughn, ~t Marion, com * Subordinate reports of the Nashville campaign will appear in Vol. XLV Page 43 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 43 pletely routing and pursuing him to Wytheville, capturing all his artillery, trains, and 198 prisoners, and destroyed Wytheville, with its stores and supplies, and the extensive lead-works near there. Returning to Marion he met a force under Breckinridge, consisting, among other trool)s, of the garrison of Saltville that had started in pmrsuit. He at once made arrangements to attack it the next morn- ing, but morning found Breckinridge gone. He then moved directly to Saltville and destroyed the extensive salt-works at that place, a large amount of stores, and captured eight pieces of artillery. Hav- ing thus successfully executed his instructions, he returned General Burbridge to Lexington and General Gillem to Knoxville.* Wilmington, N. C., was the most important sea-coast port left to the enemy through which to get supplies from abroad and send cot- ton and other products out by blockade-runners, besides being a place of great strategic value. The navy had been making strenuous exer- tions to seal the harbor of Wilmington, but with only partial effect. The nature of the outlet of Cape Fear River was such that it required watching for so great a distance that, without possession of the land north of New Inlet or Fort Fisher, it was impossible for the navy to entirely close the harbor against the entrance of blockade-runners. To secure the possession of this land required the co-operation of a land force, which I agreed to furnish. Jmmediately commenced the assemblage in Hampton Roads, under Admiral D. D. Porter, of the most formidable armada ever collected for concentration upon one given point. This necessarily attracted the attention of the enemy, as well as that of the loyal North, and through the imprudence of the public press, and very likely of officers of both branches of serv- ice, the exact object of the expedition became a subject of common discussion in the newspapers both North and South. The enemy, thus warned, prepared to meet it. This caused a postponement of the expedition until the latter part of November, when, being again called upon by Hon. G. V. Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, I agreed to furnish the nien required at once, and went myself, in com- pany with Major-General Butler, to Hampton Roads, where we had a conference with Admiral Porter as to the force required and the time of starting. A force of 6,500 men was regarded as sufficient. The tinie of startiiig was not definitely arranged, but it was thought all would be ready by the 6th of December, if iiot before. Learning on the 30th of November that Bragg had gone to Georgia, taking with him most of the forces about Wilmington, I deemed it of the utmost importance that the expedition should reach its destination before the return of Bragg, and directed General Butler to make all arrangements for the departure of Major-General Weitzel, who had been designated to command the land forces, so that the navy might not be detained one moment. On the 6th of December the following instructions were given: CITY POINT, VA., December 6,1864. Maj. Gen. B. F. BUTLER: GENERAL: The first object of the expedition under General Weitzel is to close to the enemy the port of Wilmington. If successful in this, the second will be to capture Wilmington itself. There are reasonable grounds to hope for success if ad- vantage can be taken of the absence of the greater part of the enemys forces now looking after Sherman in Georgia. The directions you have given for the numbers and equipment of the expedition are all right, except in the unimportant matter of * Subordinate reports of operations in East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia will appear in Vol. XLV Page 44 44 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. where they embark and the amount of intrenching tools to be taken. The object of the expedition will be gained by effecting a landing on the mainland between Cape Fear River and the Atlantic, north of the north entrance to the river. Should such landing be effected while the enemy still holds Fort Fisher and the batteries guarding the entrance to the river, then the troops should intrench themselves, and, by co-operating with the navy, effect the reduction and capture of those places. These in our hands, the navy could enter the harbor, and the port of Wilmington would be sealed. Should Fort Fisher and the point of land on which it is built fall into the hands of our troops immediately on landing, then it will be worth the attempt to capture Wilmington by a forced march and surprise. If time is con- sumed in gaining the first object of the expedition, the second will become a matter of after consideration. The details for execution are intrusted to you and the officer immediately in com- mand of the troops. Should the troops under General Weitzel fail to effect a landing at or near Fort Fisher, they will be returned to the armies operating against Richmond without delay. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General. General Butler commanding the army from which the troops were taken for this enterprise, and the territory within which they were to operate, military courtesy required that all orders and instructions should go through him. They were so sent; but General Weitzel has since officially informed me that he never received the foregoing insti~uctions, nor was he aware of their existence until he read Gen- eral Butlers published official report of the Fort Fisher failure, with my indorsement and papers accompanying it. I had no idea of General Butlers accompanying the expedition until the evening before it got off from Bermuda Hundred, and then did not dream but that General Weitzel had received all the instructions and would be in command. I rather formed the idea that General But- ler was actuated by a desire to witness the effect of the explosion of the powder-boat. The expedition was detained several days at Hampton Roads awaiting the loading of the powder-boat. The mi- portance of getting the Wilmington expedition off without any de- lay, with or without the powder-boat, had been urged upon General Butler, and he advised to so notify Admiral Porter. The expedition finally got off on the 13th of December, and arrived at the place of rendezvous (off New Inlet, near Fort Fisher) on the evening of the 15th. Admiral Porter arrived on the evening of the 18th, having put in at Beaufort to get ammunition for the monitors. The sea becoming rough, making it difficult to land troops, and the supJ)ly of water and coal being about exhausted, the transport fleet put back to Beaufort to replenish; thi~, with the state of the weather, delayed the return to the place of rendez ions until the 24th. The powder-boat was exploded on the morning of the 24th before the return of General Butler from Beaufort, but it would seem from the notice taken of it in the Southern newspapers that the enemy were never enlightened as to the object of the explosion until they were informed by the Northern press. On the 25th, a landing was effected without opposition, and a reconnaissance, under Brevet Brigadier-General Curtis, pushed up toward the fort. But befoie receiving a full report of the result of this reconnaissance, General Butler, in direct violation of the instruc- tions given, ordered the re-embarkation of the troops. and the return of the expedition. The re-embarkation was accomplished by the morning of the 27th. On the return of the expedition, officers and menamong them Bvt. Maj. Gemi. (then brevet brigadier-general Page 45 CnAx~. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 45 N. M. Curtis, First Lient. G. W. Ross, Regiment Vermont Volunteers [One hundred and seventeenth New York], First Lieut. William II. Walling, and Second Lieut. George Simpson, One hun- dred and forty-second New York Volunteersvoluntarily reported to me that when recalled they were nearly into the fort, and, in their opinion, it could have been taken without much loss. * Soon after the return of the expedition, T received a dispatch from the Secretary of the Navy and a letter from Admiral Porter, inform- ing me that the fleet was still off Fort Fisher, and expressing the conviction that, under a proper leader, the place could be taken. The natural supposition with me was that, when the troops aban- doned the expedition, the navy would do so also. Finding it had not, however, I answered on the 30th of December. advising Adini- ral Porter to hold on, and that I would send a force and make another attempt to take the place. This time I selected Bvt. Maj. Gen. (now major-general) A. H. Terry to command the expedition. The troops composing it consisted of the same that composed the former, with the addition of a small brigade, numbering about 1,500, and a small siege train. The latter it was never found necessary to land. I communicated direct to the commander of the expedition the following instructions; CITY POINT, VA., January 3, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. A. H. TERRY: GENERAL: The expedition intrusted to your command has been fitted out to renew the attempt to capture Fort Fisher, N. C., and Wilmington ultimately, if the fort falls. You will, then, proceed with as little delay as possible to the naval fleet lying off Cape Fear River, and report the arrival of yourself and command to Admiral D. D. Porter, commanding North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. It is exceedingly desirable that the most complete understanding should exist between yourself and the naval commander. I suggest, therefore, that you consult with Admiral Porter freely, and get from him the part to be performed by each branch of the public service, so that there may be unity of action. It would be well to have the whole programme laid down in writing. I have served with Ad- miral Porter, and know that you can rely on his judgment and his nerve to under- take what he proposes. I would, therefore, defer to him as much as is consistent with your own responsibilities. The first object to be attained is to get a firm posi- tion on the spit of land on which Fort Fisher is built, from which you can operate against that fort. You want to look to the practicability of receiving your supplies, and to defending yourself against superior forces sent against you by any of the avenues left open to the enemy. If such a position can be obtained, the siege of Fort Fisher will not be abandoned until its reducti~n is accomplished or another plan of campaign is ordered from these ~ieadquarter My own views are that, if you effect a landing, the navy ought to run a portion of their fleet into Cape Fear River, while the balance of it operates on the outside. Land forces cannot invest Fort Fisher, or cut it off from supplies or re-enforcements, while the river is in possession of the enemy. A siege train will be loaded on vessels and sent to Fort Monroe, in readiness to be sent to you if required. All other supplies can be drawn from Beaufort as you need them. Keep the fleet of vessels with you until your position is assured. When you find they can be spared, order them back, or such of them as you can spare, to Fort Monroe, to report for orders. In case of failure to effect a landing bring your command back to Beau fort, and report to these headquarters for further instruc- tions. You will not debark at Beaufort until so directed. General Sheridan has been ordered to send a division of troops to Baltimore and place them on sea-going vessels. These troops will be brought to Fort Monroe and kept there on the vessels until you are heard from. Should you require them they will be sent to you. U. S. GRANT, ____________________________________ Lieutenant-General * Subordinate reports of Butlers expedition will appear in Vol. XLII Page 46 [CHAP. XLVIII. 46 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Lieut. Col. C. B. Comstock, aide-de-camp (now brevet brigadier- general), who accompanied the former expedition, was assigned in orders as chief engineer to this. It will be seen that these instruc- tions did not differ materially from those given for the first expedi- tion, and that in neither instance was there an order to assault Fort Fisher. This was a matter left entirely to the discretion of the com- manding officer. The expedition sailed from Fort Monroe on the morning of the 6th, arriving on the rendezvous, off Beaufort, on the 8th, where, owing to the difficulties of the weather, it lay until the morning of the 12th, when it got under way and reached its destina- tion that evening. Under cover of the fleet the disembarkation of the troops commenced on the morning of the 13th, and by 3 p. m. was completed without loss. On the 14th, a reconnaissance was pushed to within 500 yards of Fort Fisher, and a small advance work taken possession of and turned into a defensive line against any attempt that might be made from the fort. This reconnaissance disclosed the fact that the front of the work had been seriously in- jured by the navy fire. In the afternoon of the 15th, the fort was assaulted, and after niost desperate fighting was captured with its entire garrison and armament. Thus was secured, by the combined efforts of the navy and army, one of the most important successes of the war. Our loss was, killed, 110; wounded, 536. On the 16th and 17th, the enemy abandoned and blew up Fort Caswell and the works on Smiths Island, which were immediately occupied by us. This gave us entire control of the mouth of the Cape Fear River. * At my request, Maj. Gen, B. F. Butler was relieved, and Maj. Gen. E. 0. C. Ord assigned to the command of the Departmeiit of Vir- ginia and North Carolina. The defense of the line of the Tennessee no longer requiring the force which had beaten and nearly destroyed the only army threaten- ing it, I determined to find other fields of operation for General Thomas surplus troopsfields from which they would co-operate with other movements. General Thomas was therefore directed to collect all troops not essential to hold his communications at Eastport, in readiness for orders. On the 7th of January General Thomas was directed, if he was assured of the departure of Hood south froni Corinth, to send General Schofield with his corps east with as little delay as possible. This directioii was promptly complied with, and the advance of the corps reached Washington on the 23d of thesame month whence it was sent to Fort Fisher and New Berne. On the 26th, he was directed to send General A. J. Smiths command and a division of cavalry to report to General Canby. By the 7th of Feb- ruary the whole force was en route for its destination. The State of North Carolina was coiistituted into a military depart- ment, and General Schofield assigned to command, and placed under the orders of Major-General Sherman. The following instructions were given him: CITY PoINT, VA., January 31, 1865. Maj. Gen. J. M. SCHOFIELD: GENERAL: * * ~ Your movements are intended as co-operative with Sher- mans through the States of South and North Carolina. The first point to be attained is to secure Wilmington. Goldsborough will then be your objective point, moving either from Wilmington or New Berne, or both, as you deem best. Should you not be able to reach Goldsborough, you will advance on the line or lines of railway con- * Subordinate reports of Terrys expedition will appear in Vol. XLVI Page 47 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 47 necting that place with the sea-coast, as near to it as you can, building the road behind you. The enterprise under you has two objects: The first is to give General Sherman material aid, if needed, in his march north; the second, to open a base of supplies for hjm on his line of march, As soon, therefore, as you can determine which of the two points, Wilmington or New Berne, you can best use for throwing supplies from to the interior, you will commence the accumulation of twenty days rations and forage for 60,000 men and 20,000 animals. You will get of these as many as you can house and protect to such point in the interior as you may be able to occupy. I believe General Palmer has received some instructions direct from General Sherman on the subject of securing supplies for his army. You can learn what steps he has taken and be governed in your requisitions accordingly. A sup- ply of ordnance stores will also be necessary. Make all requisitions upon the chiefs of their respective departments in the field with me at City Point. Communicate with me by every opportunity, and, should you deem it necessary at any time, send a special boat to Fort Monroe, from which point you can communicate by telegraph. The supplies referred to in these instructions are exclusive of those required for your own command. The movements of the enemy may justify or even make it your imperative duty to cut loose from your base and strike for the interior to aid Sherman. In such case you will act on your own judgment, without waiting for instructions. You will report, however, what you propose doing. The details for carrying out these instructions are necessarily left to you. I would urge, however, if I did not know that you are already fully alive to the importance of it, prompt action. Sherman may be looked for in the neighborhood of Goldsborough any time from the 22d to the 28th of February; this limits your time very materially. If rolling-stock is not secured in the capture of Wilmington, it can be supplied from Washington. A large force of railroad men have already been sent to Beau- fort, and other mechanics will go to Fort Fisher in a day or two. On this point I have informed you by telegraph. U.S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Previous to giving these instructions I had visited Fort Fisher, accompanied by General Schofield, for the purpose of seeing for my- self the condition of things, and personally conferring with General Terry and Admiral Porter as to what was best to be done. Anticipating the arrival of General Sherman at Savannahhis army entirely foot-loose, Hood being then before Nashville, Tenn., the Southern railroads destroyed, so that it would take several months to re-establish a through line from west to east, and regard- ing the capture of Lees army as the most important operation toward closing the rebelliohJ sent orders to General Sherman, on the 6th of December, that after establishing a base on the sea-coast with necessary garrison, to include all his artillery and cavalry, to come by water to City Point with the balance of his command. On the 18th of December, having received information of the defeat and utter rout of Hoods army by General Thomas, and that, owing to the great difficulty of procuring ocean transportation, it would take over two months to transport Shermans army, and doubting whether he might not contribute as much toward the desired result by oper- ating from where he was, I wrote to him to that effect and asked him for his views as to what would be best to do. A few days after this I received a communication from General Sherman, of date 16th December, acknowledging the receipt of my order of the 6th, and informing me of his preparations to carry it into effect as soon as he could get transportation; also that he had expected, upon redu- cing Savannah, instantly to march to Columbia, S. C., thence to Raleigh, and thence to report to me; but that this would consume about six weeks time after the fall of Savannah, whereas by sea he could probably reach me by the middle of January. The confidenc Page 48 48 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA~ AND N. C. [CHAT. XLVIII. he manifested in this letter of being able to march up and join me pleased me, and without waiting for a reply to my letter of the 18th I directed him, on the 28th of December, to make preparations to start as he proposed without delay to break up the railroads in North and South Carolina and join the armies operating against Richmond as soon as he could. On the 21st of January I informed General Sherman that I had ordered the Twenty-third Corps, Major-General Schofield command- ing, East; that it numbered about 21,000 men; that we had at Fort Fisher about 8,000 men, at New Berne about 4,000; that if Wilniing- ton was captured, General Schofield would go there; if not, he would be sent to New Berne; that, in either event, all the surplus force at both points would move to the interior toward Goldsbor- ough, in co-operation with his movement; that from either point railroad communication could be run out; and that all these troops would be subject to his orders as he came into communication with them. In obedience to his instructions, General Schofield pro- ceeded to reduce Wilmington, N. C., in co-operation with the navy under Admiral Porter, moving his forces up both sides of the Cape Fear River. Fort Anderson, the enemys main defense on the west bank of the river, was occupied on the morning of the 19th, the en- emy having evacuated it after our appearance before it. After fight- ing on the 20th and 21st, our troops entered Wilmington on the morning of the 22d, the enemy having retreated toward Goldsbor- ough during the night. Preparations were at once made for a move- ment on Goldsborough in two columnsone from Wilmington, and the other from New Berne, and to repair the railroads leading there from each place, as well as to supply General Sherman by Cape Fear River, toward Fayetteville, if it became necessary. The column from New Berne was attacked on the 8th of March at Wises Forks, and driven back wih the loss of several hundred prisoners. On the 11th, the enemy renewed his attack upon our intrenched position, but was repulsed with severe loss, and fell back during the night. On the 14th, the Neuse River was crossed and Kingston occupied, and on the 21st, Goldsborough was entered. The column from Wil- mington reached Coxs Bridge, on the Neuse River, 10 miles above Goldsborongh, on the 22d. By the 1st of February General Shermans whole army was in motion from Savannah. He captured Columbia, S. C., on the 17th; thence moved on Goldsborongh, N. C., via Fayetteville, reaching the latter place on the 12th of March, opening up communication with General Schofield by way of Cape Fear River. On the 13th, he resumed his march on Goldsborough. He met a force of the enemy at Averysborough, and after a severe fight defeated and com- pelled it to -retreat. Our loss in the engagement was about 000; the enemys loss was much greater. On the 18th, the combined forces of the enemy, under Joe Johnston, attacked his advance at Benton- ville, capturing three guns and driving it back upon the main body. General Slocum, who was in the advance, ascertaining that the whole of Johnstons army was in the front, arranged his troops on the defensive, intrenched himself, and awaited re-enforcements, which were pushed forward. On the night of the 21st, the enemy retreated to Smithfield, leaving his dead and wounded in our hands. From there Sherman continued to Goldsborough, which place had been occupied by General Schofield on the 21st, crossing the Neuse River 10 miles above there, at Coxs Bridge, where General Terr Page 49 ChAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 49 had got possession and thrown a pontoon bridge, on the 22d, thus forming a jnnction with the columns from New Berne and Wil- mington. Among the important fruits of this campaign was the fall of Charleston, S. C. It was evacnated by the enemy on the night of the 17th of February, and occnpied by our forces on the lSth.* On the morning of the 31st of January General Thomas was directed to send a cavalry expedition, under General Stoneman, from East Tennessee, to penetrate Sonth Carolina well down toward Co- lunibia, to destroy the railroads and military resources of the country, and return, if he was able, to East Tennessee, by way of Salisbury, N. C., releasing our prisoiiers there, if possible. Of the feasibility of this latter, however, General Stoneman was to judge. Shermans movements, I had no doubt, woul(i attract the attention of all the force the enemy could collect and facilitate the execution of this. General Stoneman was so late in making his start on this expedition, and Sherman having passed out of the State of South Carolina, on the 27th of February I directed General Thomas to change his course, and ordered him to repeat his raid of last fall, destroying the railroad toward Lynchbnrg as far as he could. This would keep him between our garrisons in East Tennessee and the enemy. I regarded it not impossible that in the event of the eneipy being driven from Richmond he might fall back to Lynchburg and attempt a raid north through East Tennessee. On the 14th of Feb- ruary the following communication was sent to General Thomas: CITY POINT, VA., February 14, 1865. Maj. Gen. G. H. THOMAS: General Canby is preparing a movement from Mobile Bay against Mobile and the interior of Alabama. His force will consist of about 20,000 men, besides A. J. Smiths command. The cavalry you have sent to Canby will be debarked at Vicksburg. It, with the available cavalry already in that section, will move from there eastward in co-operation. Hoods army has been terribly reduced by the severe punishment you gave it in Tennessee, by desertion consequent upon their defeat, and now by the withdrawal of many of them to oppose Sherman. (I take it a large portion of the infantry has been so withdrawn. It is so asserted in the Richmond papers, and a member of the rebel Congress said a few days since in a speech that one-half of it had been brought to South Carolina to oppose Sherman.) This being true, or even if it is not true, Canbys movement will attract all the attention of the enemy, and leave the advance from your stand-point easy. I think it advisable, therefore, that you prepare as much of a cavalry force as you can spare, and hold it in readiness to go south. The object would be threefold: First, to attract as much of the enemys force as possible to insuresuccess to Canby; second, to destroy the enemys lines of communication and military resources; third, to destroy or capture their forces brought into the field. Tuscaloosa and Selma would probably be the points to direct the expedition against. This, how- ever, would not be so important as the mere fact of penetrating deep into Alabama. Discretion should be left to the officer commanding the expedition to go where, according to the information he may receive, he will best secure the objects named above. Now that your force has been so much depleted, I do not know what number of men you can put into the field. If not more than 5,000 men, however, all cavalry, I think it xvill be sufficient. It is not desirable that you should start this expedi- tion until the one leaving Vmcksburg has been three or four days out, or even a week. I do not know when it will start, but will inform you by telegraph as soon as I learn. If you should hear through other sources before hearing from me you can act on the information received. To insure success your cavalry should go with as little wagon train as possible, relying upon the country for supplies. I would also reduce the number of guns to * Subordinate reports of the campaign of the Carolinas will appear in Vol. XLVII. 4 R RVOL XXXVI, PT Page 50 [CHAP. XLVIII. 50 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. a battery, or the number of batteries, and put the extra teams to the guns taken. No guns or caissons should be taken with less than S horses. Please inform me by telegraph, on receipt of this, what force you think you will be able to send under these directions. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the 15th he was directed to start the expedition as soon after the 20th as he could get it off. I deemed it of the utmost inipor- tance, before a general movement of the armies operating against Richmond, that all communication with the city north of James River should be cut off. The enemy having withdrawn the bulk of his force from the Shenandoah Valley and sent it south, or replaced troops sent from Richmond, and desiring to re-enforce Sherman, if practicable, whose cavalry was greatly inferior in numbers to that of the enemy, I determined to make a move from the Shenandoah, which, if successful, would accomplish the first, at least, and pos- sibly the latter of these objects. I therefore telegraphed General Sheridan as follows: CITY PoINT, VA., February 20, 18651 p. in. Maj. Gen. P. II. SHERIDAN. GENERAL: As soon as it is possible to travel I think you will have no difficulty about reaching Lynchburg with a cavalry force alone. From there you could destroy the railroad and canal in every direction, so as to be of no further use to the rebellion. Sufficient cavalry should be left behind to look after Mosby s gang. From Lynchburg, if information you might get there would justify it, you could strike south, heading the streams in Virginia to the westward of Danville, and push on and join General Sherman. This additional raid, with one now about starting from East Tennessee under Stoneman, numbering 4,000 or 5,000 cavalry, one from Vicksburg, numbering 7,000 or 8,000 cavalry; one from Eastport, Miss., 10,000 cavalry; Canby from Mobile Bay, with about 38,000 mixed troops, these three latter pushing for Tuscaloosa, Selma, and Montgomery, and Sherman with a large army eating out the vitals of South Carolina, is all that will be wanted to leave nothing for the rebellion to stand upon. I would advise you to overcome great obstacles to accomplish this. Charleston was evacuated on Tuesday last. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the 25th, I received a dispatch from General Sheridan, inquir- ing where Sherman was aiming for, and if I could give him definite information as to the points he might be expected to move on this side of Charlotte, N. C. In answer the following telegram was sent him: CITY POINT, VA., February 25, 1865. Maj. Gen. P. II. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: Shermans movements will depend on the amount of opposition he nieets with from the enemy. If strongly opposed, he may possibly have to fall back to Georgetown, S. C., and fit out for a new start. I think, however, all dan- ger for the necessity of going to that point has passed. I believe he has passed Charlotte. He may take Fayetteville on his way to Goldsborough. If you reach Lynchburg you will have to be guided in your after movements by the informa- tion you obtain. Before you could possibly reach Sherman I think you would find him moving from Gold~borough toward Raleigh, or engaging the enemy strongly posted at one or the other of these places, with railroad communications opened from his army to Wilmington or New Berne. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. General Sheridan moved from Winchester on the 27th of Febru- ary, with two divisions of cavalry, numbering about 5,000 each. On the 1st of March he secured the bridge, which the enemy at Page 51 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 51 tempted to destroy, across the Middle Fork of the Shenandoah, at Mount Crawford, and entered Staunton on the 2d, the enemy having retreated on Waynesborough. Thence he pushed on to Waynes- borough, where he found the enemy in force in an intrenched posi- tion, under General Early. Without stopping to make a reconnais- sance, aii immediate attack was made, the position was carried, and 1,600 prisoners, 11 pieces of artillery, with horses and caissons complete, 200 wagons and teams loaded with subsistence, and 17 battle- flags were captured. The prisoiiers, under an escort of 1,500 men, were sent back to Winchester. Thence lie marched on Char- lottesville, destroying effectually the railroad and bridges as he went, which place he reached on the 3d. Here he remained two days, de- stroying the railroad toward Richmond and Lynichburg, including the large iron bridges over the North and South Forks of the Rivanna River, and awaiting the arrival of his trains. This neces- sary delay caused him to abandon the idea of capturing Lynchburg. On the morning of the 6th, dividing his force into two columns, he sent one to Scottsville, whence it marched up the James River Canal to New Market, destroying every lock, and in many places the bank of the canal. From here a force was pushed out from this column to Dnguidsville, to obtain possession of the bridge across the James River at that place, but failed. The enemy burned it on our ap- proach. The enemy also burned the bridge across the river at Hardwicksville. The other column moved down the railroad toward Lynchburg, destroying it as far as Amherst Court-House, 16 miles from Lynchburg; thence across the country, uniting with the col- umn at New Market. The river being very high, his pontoons would not reach across it; and the enemy having destroyed the bridges by which he had hoped to cross the river and get on the South Side Railroad about Farmville and destroy it to Appomattox Court-House, the only thing left for him was to return to Winches- ter or strike a base at the White House. Fortunately, he chose the latter. From New Market he took up his line of march, following the canal toward L~ichmond, destroying every lock upon it and cut- ting the banks wherever practicable, to a point 8 miles east of Goochland, concentrating the whole force at Columbia on the 10th. Here lie rested omme day, and sent through by scouts imiforinatiomi of his whereabouts amid purposes, and a request for supplies to meet him at White House, which reached me on the night of the 12th. An infantry force was immediately sent to get possession of White House and supplies were forwarded. Moving from Columbia in a direction to threaten Richmond, to near Ashland Statiomi, he crossed the Annas, and after having destroyed all the bridges and many miles of the railroad, proceeded down the north bank of the Pamun- key to White House, which place he reached on the 19th. * Previous to this the following communication was sent to General Thomas: CITY POINT, VA., March 7, 18659.30 a. m. Maj. Gen. G. H. THoMAs: GENERAL: I think it would be advisable now for you to repair the railroad in East Tennessee, and throw a good force up to Bulls Gap and fortify there. Sup- plies at Knoxville could always be got forward as required. With Bulls Gap forti- fied, you can occupy as outposts about all of East Tennessee, and be prepared, if it should be required of you in the spring, to make a campaign toward Lynchburg or * Subordinate reports of Sheridans expedition will appear in Vol. XLVI Page 52 52 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. into North Carolina. I do not think Stoneman should break the road until he gets into Virginia, unless it should be to cut off rolling-stock that may be caught west of that. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Thus it will be seen that in March, [863, General Canby was mov- ing an adequate force against Mobile and the army defending it under General Dick Taylor; Thomas was pushing out two large and well-appointed cavalry expeditionsone from Middle Tennessee, under Brevet Major-General Wilson, against the enemys vital points ui Alabama; the other from East Tennessee, under Major-General Stoneman, toward Lynchbnrgand assembling the remainder of his available forces preparatory to offensive operations from East Tennessee; General Sheridans cavalry was at White House; the Armies of the Potomac and James were confronting the enemy under Lee in his defenses of Richmond and Petersburg; General Sherman with his armies, re-enforced by that of General Schofield, was at Goldsborough; General Pope was making preparations for a spring campaign against the enemy under Kirhy Smith and Price, west of the Mississippi, and General Hancock was concentrating a force in the vicinity of Winchester, Va., to guard against invasion or to operate offensively, as might prove necessary. After the long march by General Sheridans cavalry, over winter roads, it was necessary to rest and refit at White House. At this time the greatest source of uneasiness to me was the fear that the enemy would leave his strong lines about Petersburg and Richmond for the purpose of uniting with Johnston, before he was driven from them by battle or I was prepared to make an effectual pursuit. On the 24th of March Gen- eral Sheridan moved from White Honse, crossed the James River at Jones Lauding, afid forii~ed a junction with the army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the 27th. During this move General Ord sent forces to cover the crossings of the Chickahominy. On the 24th of March the following instructions for a general move- inent of the armies operating against Richmond were issued: CITY POINT, VA., March 24, 1865. Major-Generals MEADE, ORD, and SHERIDAN: GENERAL: On the 29th instant the armies operating against Richmond will be moved by our left, for the double purpose of turning the enemy out of his present position around Petersburg and to insure the success of the cavalry under General Sheridan, which will start at the same time, in its efforts to reach and destroy the South Side and Danville Railroads. Two corps of the Army of the Potomac will be moved at first in two columns, taking the two roads crossing Hatchers Run nearesi~ where the present line held by us strikes that stream, both moving toward Din- widdie Court-House. The cavalry under General Sheridan, joined by the division now under General Davies, will move at the same time by the Weldon road and the Jerusalem plank road, turning west from the latter before crossing the Nottoway, and west with the whole column before reaching Stony Creek. General Sheridan will then move independently, under other instructions which will be given him. All dismounted cavalry belonging to the Army of the Potomac, and the dismounted cavalry from the Middle Military Division not required for guarding property belonging to their arm of service, will report to Brigadier-General Benham, to be added to the defenses of City Point. Major-General Parke will be left in command of all the army left for holding the lines about Petersburg and City Point, subject, of course, to orders from the commander of the Army of the Potomac. The Ninth Army Corps will be left intact to hold the present line of works so long as the whole line now occupied by us is held. If, however, the troops to the left of the Ninth Corps are withdrawn. then the left of the corps may be thrown back so as to occupy the position held by the army prior to the capture of the Weldon road. All troops to the left of the Ninth Corps will be held in readiness to move at the shortest notice by such route as may be designated when the order is given Page 53 CHAP. XLYILL] GENERAL REPORTS. 53 General Ord will detach three divisions, txvo white and one colored, or so much of them as he can, and hold his present lines and march for the present left of the Army of the Potomac. In the absence of further orders. or until further orders are given, the white divisions will follow the left columa of the Army of the Potomac, and the colored division the right column. During the movement Major- General Weitzel will he left in command of all the forces remaining behind from the Army of the James. The movement of troops from the Army of the James will commence on the night of the 27th instant. General Ord will leave behind the minimum number of cavalry necessary for picket duty, in the absence of the main army. A cavalry expedition from General Ords command xvill also he started from Suffolk, to leave there on Saturday, the 1st of April, under Colonel Sumner, for the purpose of cut- ting the railroad about Hicksford. This, if accomplished, will have to be a surprise, and therefore from 300 to 500 men will he sufficient. They should, however, be supported by all the infantry that can he spared from Norfolk and Portmouth, as far out as to where the cavalry crosses the Blackwater. The crossing should prob- ably he at Uniten. Should Colonel Sumner succeed in reaching the Weldon road he will be instructed to do all the damage possible to the triangle of roads between Hicksford, Weldon, and Gaston. The railroad bridge at Weldon being fitted up for the passage of carriages, it might be practicable to destroy any accumulation of supplies the enemy may have collected south of the Roanoke. All the troops will move with four days rations in haversacks, and eight days in wagons. Tc avoid as much hauling as possible, and to give the Army of the James the same number of days supply with the Army of the Potomac, General Ord will direct his commis- sary and quartermaster to have sufficient supplies delivered at the terminus of the road to fill up in passing. Sixty rounds of ammunition per man will he taken in wagons, and as much grain as the transportation on hand will carry, after taking the specified amount of other supplies. The densely wooded country in which the army has to operate making the use of much artillery impracticable, the amount taken with the army will be reduced to six or eight guns to each division, at the option of the army commanders. All necessary preparations for carrying these directions into operation may be commenced at once. The reserves of the Ninth Corps should be massed as much as possible. While I would not now order an unconditional attack on the enemys line by them, they should he ready, and should make the attack if the enemy weaken his line in their front, without waiting for orders. In case they carry the line, then the whole of the Ninth Corps could ollow up, so as to join or co-operate with the balance of the army. To prepare for this the Ninth Corps will have rations issued to them, same as the balance of the army. General Weitzel will keep vigilant watch upon his front, and if found at all practicable to break through at any point, he will do so. A success north of the James should be followed up with great promptness. An attack will not be feasible unless it is found that the enemy has detached largely. In that case it may be regarded as evident that the enemy are relying upon their local reserves, principally, for the defense of Rich- mond. Preparations may he made for abandoning all the line north of the James, except inclosed worksonly to be abandoned, however, after a break is made in the lines of the enemy. By these instructions a large part of the armies operating against Richmond is left behind. The enemy, knowing this, may, as an only chance, strip their lines to the merest skeleton, in the hope of advantage not heiiimg taken of it, while they hurl everything against the moving column, and return. It cannot be impressed too strongly upon commanders of troops left in the trenches not to allow this to occur without taking advantage of it. The very fact of the enemy coming out to attack, if he does so, might he regarded as almost conclusive evidence of such a weakening of his lines. I would have it particularly enjoined upon corps commanders that, in case of an attack from the enemy, those not attacked are not to wait for orders from the commanding officer of the army to which they belong, hut that they will move promptly, and notify tIme commander of their action. I would also enjoin the same action on time paint of division commanders when other parts of their corps are engaged. In like manner, I would urge the importance of folloxving up a repulse of the enemy. ~. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Early on the morning of the 25th, the enemy assaulted our lines in front of the Ninth Corps (which held from the Appomattox River toward our left) and carried Fort Stedman and a part of the line t Page 54 54 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. the right and left of it, established themselves, and turned the guns of the fort against us; but. our troops on either flank held their gronnd until the reserves were brought up, when the enemy was driven back with a heavy loss in killed and wounded, and 1,900 pris- oners. Our loss was 68 killed, 337 wounded, and 506 missing. Gen- eral M~ade at once ordered the other corps to advance and feel the enemy in their respective fronts. Pushing forward, they captured and held the enemys strongly intrenched picket-line in front of the Second and Sixth Corps, and 834 prisoners. The enemy made des- perate attempts. to retake this line, but without success. Our loss in front of these was 52 killed, 864 wounded, and 207 missing. The enemys loss in killed and wounded was far greater. General Sherman having got his troops all quietly in camp about Goldsborough and his preparations for furnishing supplies to them perfected, visited me at City Point on the 27th of March, and stated that he would be ready to move, as he had previously written me, by the 10th of April, fully equipped and rationed for twenty days, if it should become necessary to bring his command to bear against Lees army, in co-operation with our forces in front of Richmond and Petersburg. General Sherman proposed in this movement to threaten Raleigh, and then, by turning suddenly to the right, reach the Roanoke at Gaston or thereabouts, whence he could move onto the Richmond and Danville Railroad, striking it in the vicinity of Burkeville, or join the armies operating against Richmond, as might be deemed best. This plan he was directed to carry into execu- tion if he received no further directions in the mean time. I ex- plained to him the movement I had ordered to commence on the 29th of March ; that if it should not prove as entirely successful as I hoped, I would cut the cavalry loose to destroy the Danville and South Side Railroads, and thus deprive the enemy of further sup- plies, and also prevent the rapid concentration of Lees and John- stons armies. I had spent days of anxiety lest each morning should bring the report that the enemy had retreated the night before. I was firmly convinced that Shermans crossing the Roanoke would be the signal for Lee to leave. With Johnston and him combined a long, tedious, and expensive campaign, consuming most of the summer, might be- come necessary. By moving out I would put the army in better con- dition for pursuit, and would at least, by the destruction of the Danville road, retard the concentration of the two armies of Lee and Johnston and caus~e the enemy to abandon much material that he might otherwise save. I therefore determined not to delay the move- ment ordered. On j~he night of the 27th, Major-General Ord, with two divisions of the Twenty-fourth Corps, Major-General Gibbon commanding, and one division of the Twenty-fifth Corps, Brigadier- General Birney commanding, and Mackenzies cavalry, took up his line of march in pursuance of the foregoing instructions, and reached the position assigned him near Hatchers Run on the morning of the 29th. On the 28th, the following instructions were given to General Sheridan: CITY POINT, VA., March 28, 1865. Maj. Gen. P. II. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: The Fifth Army Corps will move by the Vaughn road at 3 a. m. to- morrow morning. The Second moves at about 9 a. in., having but about 3 miles to march to reach the point designated for it to take on the right of the Fifth Corps, after the latter reaching Dinwiddie Court-House. Move your cavalry at as earl Page 55 ~2HAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 55 an hour as you can, and without being confined to any particular road or roads. You may go out by the nearest roads in rear of the Fifth Corps, pass by its left, and, passing near to or through Dinwiddie, reach the right and rear of the enemy as soon as you can. It is not the intention to attack the enemy in his intrenched position, but to force him out, if possible. Should he come out and attack us, or get himself where he can be attacked, move in with your entire force in your own way, and with the full reliance that the army will engage or follow, as circumstances will dictate. I shall be on the field, and will probably be able to communicate with you. Should I not do so, and you find that the enemy keeps within his main in- trenched line, you may cut loose and push for the Danville road. If you find it practicable, I would like you to cross the South Side road, between Petersburg and Burkeville, and destroy it to some extent. I would not advise much detention, however, until you reach the Danville road, which I would like you to strike as near to the Appomattox as possible. Make your destruction on that road as com- plete as possible. You can then pass on to the South Side road, west of Burkeville, and destroy that in like manner. After having accomplished the destruction of the two railroads which are now the only avenues of supply to Lees army, you may return to this army, selecting your road farther south, or you may go on into North Carolina and joia General Sherman. Should you select the latter course, get the information to me as early as possible, so that I may send orders to meet you at Goldsborougb. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On~ the morning of the 29th, the movement commenced. At night the cavalry was at Dinwiddie Court-House, and the left of our in- fantry line extended to the Quaker road, near its intersection with the Boydton plank road. The position of the troops, from left to right, was as follows: Sheridan, Warren, Hnmphreys, Ord. Wright, Parke. Everything looked favorable to the defeat of the enemy and the capture of Petersburg and Richmond, if the proper effort was made. I therefore addressed the following communication to General Sheridan, having previously informed him verbally not to cut loose for the raid contemplated in his orders until he received notice from me to do so: GRAVELLY CREEK, March 29, 1865. Maj. Gen. P. II. SHERIDAN: GENERAL: Our line is now unbroken from the Appomattox to Dinwiddie. We are all ready, however, to give up all from th~ Jerusalem plank road to Hatchers Run, whenever the forces can be used advantageously. After getting into line south of Hatchers we pushed forward to find the enemys position. General Griffin was attacked near where the Quaker road intersects the Boydton road, but repulsed it easily, capturing about 100 men. Humphreys reached Dabneys Mills and was pushing on when last beard from. I now feel like ending the matter, if it is possi- ble to do so, before going back. I do not want you, therefore, to cut loose and go after the enemys roads at present. In the morning push around the enemy, if you can, and get on to his right rear. The movements of the enemys cavalry may, of course, modify your action. We will act all together as one army here until it is seen what can be done with the enemy. The signal officer at Cobbs Hill reported, at 11.30 a. in., that a cavalry column had passed that point from Richmond toward Petersburg, taking forty minutes to pass. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. From the night of the 29th to the morning of the 31st, the rain fell in such torrents as to make it impossible to move a wheeled vehicle, except as corduroy roads were laid in front of them. Dur- ing the 30th, Sheridan advanced from Dinwiddie Conrt-House toward Five Forks, where he found the enemy in force. General Warren advanced and extended his line across the Boydtou plank road to near the White Oak road, with a view of getting across the latter; but finding the enemy strong in his front and extendin Page 56 56 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. beyond his left, was directed to hold on where he was and fortify. General Hnmphreys drove the enemy from his front into his main line on the Hatcher, near Burgess Mills. Generals Ord, Wright, and Parke made examinations in their fronts to determine the feasi- bility of an assault on the enemys lines. The two latter reported favorably. The enemy confronting ns, as he did, at every point from Richmond to onr extreme left, I conceived his lines must be weakly held, and conld be penetrated if my estimat~e of his forces was correct. III determined, therefore, to extend our line no farther, bnt to re-enforce General Sheridan with a corps of infantry, and thns enable him to cut loose and tnrn the enemys right flank, and with the other corps assanlt the enemys lines. The result of the offensive effort of the enemy the week before, when he assaulted Fort Stedman, particnlarly favored this. The enemfs intrenched picket-line captnred by us at that time threw the lines occupied by the belligerents so close together at some points that it was bnt a moments run from one to the other. Preparations were at once made 1~o relieve General Humphreys corps to report to General Sheridan, but the condition of the roads prevented immediate move- ment. On the morning of the :31st, General Warren reported favor- ably to getting possession of the White Oak road, and was directed to do so. To accomplish this, he moved with one division, instead of his whole corps, which was attacked by the enemy in superior force and driven back on the Second Division before it had time to form, and it, in turn, forced back upon the Third Division, when the enemy was checked. A division of the Second Corps was immediately sent to his support, the enemy driven back with heavy loss, and possession of the White Oak road gained. Sheridan advanced, and with a portion of his cavalry got possession of the Five Forks, but the enemy, after the affair with the Fifth Corps, re-enforced the rebel cavalry defending that point with infantry, and forced him back toward Dinwiddie Court-House. Here Gem. eral Sheridan displayed great generalship. Instead of retreating with his whole command on the main army, to tell the story of superior forces encountered, he deployed his cavalry on foot, leav.. ing only mounted Then enough to take charge of the horses. This compelled the enemy to deploy over a vast extent of wooded and broken country, and made his progress slow. At this juncture he dispatched to me what had taken place, and that he was dropping back slowly on Dinwiddie Court-House. General Mackenzies cav- alry and one division of the Fifth Corps were immediately ordered to his assistance. Soon after, receiving a report from General Meade that Humphreys could hold our position on the Boydton road, and that the other two divisions of the Fifth Corps could go to Sheridan, they were so ordered at once. Thus the operations of the day necessitated the sending of Warren, because of his accessi- bility, instead of Humphreys, as was intended, and precipitated intended movements. On the morning of the 1st of April General Sheridan, re-enforced by General Warren, drove the enemy back on Five Forks, where, late in the evening, he assaulted and carried his strongly fortified position, capturing all his artillery and between 5,000 and 6,000 prisoners. About the close of this battle Bvt. Maj. Gen. Charles Griffin relieved Major-General Warren in command of the Fifth Corps. The report of this reached me after nightfall. Some ap- prehensions filled my mind lest the enemy might desert his line Page 57 CRAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 57 during the night, and by falling npon General Sheridan before as- sistance conld reach him, drive him from his position and open the way for retreat. To guard against this, General Miles (livision of Humphreys corps was sent to re-enforce him, and a bombardment was commenced and kept up until 4 oclock in the morning (April 2), when an assanlt was ordered on the enemys lines. General Wright penetrated the lines with his whole corps, sweeping every- thing before him and to his left toward Hatchers Run, capturing many guns and several thousand prisoners. He was closely fob lowed by two divisions of General Ords command, until he met the other division of General Ords that had sncceeded in forcing the enemys lines near Hatchers Run. Generals Wright and Ord imme- diately swung to the right, and closed all of the enemy on that side of them in Petersburg, while General Humphreys pushed forward with two divisions and joined General Wright on the left. General Parke succeeded in carrying the enemys main line, capturing guns and prisoners, but was unable to carry his inner line. General Sheri- dan, being advised of the condition of affairs, returned General Miles to his proper command. On reaching the enemys lines im- mediately surrounding Petersburg, a portion of General Gibbons corps, by a most gallant charge, captured two strong inclosed works, the most salient and commanding south of Petersburg, thus materi- ally shortening the line of investment necessary for taking in the city. The enemy south of Hatchers Run retreated westward to Sutherlands Station, where they were overtaken by Miless division. A severe engagement ensued and lasted until both his right and left flanks were threatened by the approach of General Sheridan, who was moving from Fords Station toward Petersburg, and a division sent by General Meade from the front of Petersburg, when he broke in the utmost confusion, leaving in our hands his guns and many prisoners. This force retreated by the main road along the Appo- mattox River. During thn night of the 2d, the enemy evacuated Petersburg and Richmond, and retreated toward iDanville. On the morning of the 3d pursuit was commenced. General Sheridan pushed for the Danville road, keeping near the Appomattox, fol- lowed by General Meade with the Second and Sixth Corps, while General Ord muoved for Burkeville along the South Side road ; the Ninth Corps stretched along that road behind him. On the 4th, General Sheridan struck the Danville road near Jetersville, where he learned that Lee was at Amelia Court-House. He immediately intrenched himself and awaited the arrival of General Meade, who reached there the next day. General Ord reached Burkeville on the evening of the 5th. On the morning of the 5th, I addressed Major- General Sherman the following communication: WILSONS STATION, April 5, 1865. Ma.j. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN: GENERAL: All indications now are that Lee will attempt to reach Danville with the remnant of his force. Sheridan, who was up with him last night, reports all that is left, horse, foot, and dragoons, at 20,000, much demoralized. We hope to reduce this number one-half. I shall push on to Burkeville, and if a stand is made at Danville, will in a very few days go there. If you can possible do so, push on from where you are, and let us see if we cannot finish the job with Lees and Johnstons armies. Whether it will be betier for you to strike for Greenshorough or nearer to Danville, you will be better able to judge when you receive this. Rebel armies now are the only strategic points to strike at. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General Page 58 58 OPERATIONS TN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. On the morning of the 6th, it was found that General Lee was moving west of Jetersville toward Danville. General Sheridan moved with his cavalry (the Fifth Corps having been returned to General Meade on his reaching Jetersville) to strike his flank, fol- lowed by the Sixth Corps, while the Second and Fifth Corps pressed hard after, forcing him to abandon several hundred wagons and sev- eral pieces of artillery. General Ord advanced from Burkeville to- ward Farmville, sending two regiments of infantry and a squadron of cavalry, under Bvt. Brig. Gen. Theodore Read, to reach and de- stroy the bridges. This advance met the head of Lees column near Farmville, which it heroically attacked and detained until General Read was killed and his small force overpoivered. This caused a delay in the enemys movements, and enabled General Ord to get well up with the remainder of his force, on meeting which the enemy immediately intrenched himself. In the afternoon General Sheridan struck the enemy south of Sailors Creek, captured 16 pieces of artillery, and about 400 wagons, and detained him un- til the Sixth Corps got up, when a general attack of infantry and cavalry was made, which resulted in the capture of 6,000 or 7,000 prisoners, among whom were many general officers. The move- ments of the Second Corps and General Ords command contributed greatly to the days success. On the morning of the 7th, the pur- suit was renewed, the cavalry, except one division, and the Fifth Corps moving by Prince Edward Court-House; the Sixth Corps, General Ords command, and one division of cavalry, on Farmville, and the Second Corps by the High Bridge road. It was soon found that the enemy had crossed to the north si(le of the Appomatox; but so close was the pursuit that the Second Corps got possession of the common bridge at High Bridge before the enemy could destroy it, and immediately crossed over. The Sixth Corps and a division of cavalry crossed at Farmville to its support. Feeling now that General Lees chance of escape was utterly hope- less, I addressed him the following communication from Farmville APRIL 7, 1865. General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: The result of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood by askin~ of you the surrender of that portion of the C. S. army known as the Army of Northern Virginia. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Early on the morning of the 8th, before leaving, I received at Farmville the following: APRIL 7, 1865. Lieut. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I have received your note of this date. Though not entertaining the opinion you express on the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army ofNorthern Virginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid useless effusion of blood, and, therefore, before considering your proposition, ask the terms you will offer on condition of its surrender. R. E. LEE, General. To this I immediately replied: APRIL 8, 1865. General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: Your note of last evening, in reply to mine of same date, asking the condition on which I will accept the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia Page 59 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. is just received. In reply I would say that, peace being my great desire, there is but one condition I would insist upon, namely, that the men and officers surrendered shall be disqualified for taking up arms again against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged. I will meet you, or will designate officers to meet any officers you may name for the same purpose, at any point agreeable to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms upon which the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia will be received. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. Early on the morning of the 8th, the pursuit was resumed. Gen- eral Meade followed north of the Appomattox, and General Sheri- dan, with all the cavalry, pnshed straight for Appomattox Station, followed by General Ords command and the Fifth Corps. During the day General Meades advance had considerable fighting with the enemys rear guard, but was unable to bring on a general en- gagement. Late in the evening General Sheridan struck the rail- road at Appomattox Station, drove the enemy from there, and captured 25 pieces of artillery, a hospital train, and 4 trains of cars loaded with supplies for Lees army. During this day I accom- panied General Meades column, and about midnight received the following communication from General Lee: APRIL 5, 1865. Lieut. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I received at a late hour your note of to-day. In mine of yesterday I did not intend to propose the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, but to ask the terms of your proposition. To b~ frank, I do not think the emergency has arisen to call for the surrender of this army, but as the restoration of peace should be the sole object of all, I desire to know whether your proposals would lead to that end. I cannot, therefore, meet you with a view to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia, but as far as your proposal may affect the C. S. forces under my com- mand, and tend to the restoration of peace, I should be pleased to meet you at 10 a. m. to-morrow, on the old stage road to Richmond, between the picket-lines of the two armies. R. E. LEE, General. Early on the morning of the 9th I returned him an answer as fol- lows, and immediately started to join the column south of the Ap- pomattox: APRIL 9, 1865. General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: Your note of yesterday is received. I have no authority to treat on the subject of peace; the meeting proposed for 10 a. m. to-day could lead to no good. I will state, however, general, that I am equally anxious for peace with yourself, and the whole North entertains the same heeling. The terms upon which peace can be had are well understood. By the Son~ laying down their arms they will hasten that most desirable event, save thousands of human lives, and hundreds of millions of property not yet destroyed. Seriously hoping that all our difficulties may be set- tled without the loss of another life, I subscribe myself, & c., U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. On the morning of the 9th, General Ords command and the Fifth Corps reached Appomattox Station just as the enemy was making a desperate effort to break through our cavalry. The infantry was at once thrown in. Soon after a white flag was received, requesting Page 60 60 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. suspension of hostilities pending negotiations for a surrender. Be- fore reaching General Sheridans headquarters I received the follow- ing from General Lee: APRIL 9, 1865. Lient. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I received your note of this morning on the picket-line, whither I had come to meet you and ascertain definitely what terms were embraced in your pro- posal of yesterday with reference to the surrender of this army. I now ask an in- terview in accordance with the offer contained in your letter of yesterday for that purpose. R. E. LEE, General. The interview was held at Appomattox Court-House, the result of which is set forth in the following correspondence: APPOMATTOX CoURT-HousE, VA., April 9, 1865. General R. E. LEE: GENERAL: In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th in- stant, I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia on the following terms, to wit: Rolls of all the officers and nien to be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to an officer to be designated by me, the other to be retained by such officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individ- ual paroles not to take up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged; and each company or regimental commander sign a like parole for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery, and public property to be parked and stacked, arid turned over to the officers appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man will be alloxved to return to his home, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINA, April 9, 1865. Lient. Gen. U. S. GRANT: GENERAL: I received your letter of this date containing the terms of surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia as proposed by you. As they are substantially the same as those expressed in your letter of the 8th instant, they are accepted. I will proceed to designate the proper officers to carry the stipulations into effect. R. E. LEE, General. The command of Major-General Gibbon, the Fifth Army Corps, under Griffin, and Mackenzies cavalry, were designated to remain at Appomattox Court-House until the paroling of the surrendered army was completed, and to take charge of the public property. The re- mainder of the army immediately returned to the vicinity of Burke- ville. General Lees great influence throughout the whole South caused his example to be followed, and to-day the result is that the armies lately under his leadership are at their homes, desiring peace and quiet, and their arms are in the hands of our ordnance officers. * On the receipt of my letter of the 5th, General Sherman moved directly against Joe Johnston, who retreated rapidly on and through Raleigh, which place General Sherman occupied on the morning of the 13th. The day preceding news of the surrender of General Lee reached him at Smithfield. On the 14th, a correspondence was opened *Subordinate reports of the final operations against Lees army will appear in Vol. XLVI Page 61 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 61 between General Sherman and General Johnston, which resulted on the 18th in an agreement for a suspension of hostilities and a mem- orandum or basis for peace, subject to the approval of the President. This agreement was disapproved by the President on the 21st, which disapproval, together with your instructions, was communicated to General Sherman by me in person, on the morning of the 24th, at Raleigh, N. C., in obedience to your orders. Notice was at once given by him to General Johnston for the termination of the truce that had been entered into. On the 25th, another meeting between them was agreed upon, to take place on the 26th, which terminated in the surrender and disbandment of Johnstons army upon substan- tially the same terms as were given to General Lee. * The expedition nuder General Stoneman from East Tennessee got off on the 20th of March, moving by way of Boone, N. C., and struck the railroad at Wythevihle, Chambersburg, and Big Lick. The force striking it at Big Lick pushed on to within a few miles of Lynchburg, destroying the important bridges, while with th~ main force he effectually destroyed it between New River and Big Lick, and then turned for Greenshorough, on the North Carolina railroad, struck that road, and destroyed the bridges between Dan- ville and Greensborough and between Greensborongh and the Yad- kin, together with the depots of supplies along it, and captured 400 prisoners. At Salisbury he attacked and defeated a force of the enemy under General Gardner, capturing 14 pieces of artillery and 1,364 prisoners, and destroyed large amounts of army stores. At this place he destroyed 15 miles of railroad and the bridges toward Charlotte. Thence he moved to Slatersville. t General Canby, who had been directed in January to make prepa- rations for a movement from Mobile Bay against Mobile and the interior of Alabama, commenced his movement on the. 20th of March. The Sixteenth Corps, Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith commanding, moved from Fort Gaines by water to Fish River; the Thirteenth Corps, under Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, moved from Fort Morgan and joined the Sixteenth Corps on Fish River, both moving thence on Spanish Fort and investing it on the 22th; while Major-General Steeles command moved from Pensacola, cut the railroad leading from Teiisaw to Montgomery, effected a junction with them, and par- tialiy invested Fort Blakely. After a severe bombardment of Span- ish Fort, a part of its line was carried on the 8th of April. During the night the enemy evacuated the fort. Fort Blakely was carried by assault on the 9th, and many prisoners captured; our loss was considerable. These successes practically opened to us the Alabama River, and enabled us to approach Mobile from the north. On the night of the 11th, the city was evacuated, and was taken possession of by our forces on the morning of the 12th. t The expedition under command of Brevet Major-General Wilson, 2onsisting of 12,500 mounted men, was delayed by rains until March 22, when it moved from Chickasaw, Ala. On the 1st of April Gen- Dral Wilson encountered the enemy in force under Forrest near I~benezer Church, drove him in confusion, captured 300 prisoners ~nd 3 guns, and destroyed the Central bridge over the Cahawba * Subordinate reports of the final operations against Johnstons army will appear Vol. XLVII. f Subordinate reports of Stonejuans expedition and Canbys operations against Jobile will appear in Vol. XLIX Page 62 [CHAP. XLVIII. 62 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. River. On the 2d, he attacked and captured the fortified city of Selma, defended by Forrest with 7,000 men and 32 guns, de- stroyed the arsenal, armory, naval foundry, machine-shops, vast quantities of stores, and captured 3,000 prisoners. On the 4th, he captured and destroyed Tuscaloosa. On the 10th, he crossed the Alabama River, and after sending information of his operations to General Canby marched on Montgomery, which place he occupied on the 14th, the enemy having abandoned it. At this place many stores and five steam-boats fell into our hands. Thence a force marched direct on Columbus, and another on West Point, both of which places were assaulted and captured on the 16th. At the former place we got 1,500 prisoners and 52 field guns, destroyed 2 gun-boats, the navy-yard, foundries, arsenal, many factories, and much other public property. At the latter place we got 300 prison- ers, 4 guns, and destroyed 19 locomotives and 300 cars. On the 20th, he took possession of Macon, Ga., with 60 field guns, 1,200 militia, and 5 generals, surrendered by General Howell Cobb. General Wilson hearing that Jeff. Davis was trying to make his escape, sent forces in pursuit, and succeeded in capturing him on the morning of May 11. On the 4th day of May t~eneral Dick Taylor surren- dered to General Canby all the remaining rebel forces east of the Mississippi. * A force sufficient to insure an easy triumph over the enemy under Kirby Smith, west of the Mississippi, was immediately put in motion for Texas, and Major-General Sheridan designated for its immediate command; but on the 26th day of May, and before they reached their destination, General Kirby Smith surrendered his entire command to Major-General Canby. This surrender did not take place, however, until after the capture of the rebel Presi- dent and Vice-President, and the bad faith was exhibited of first disbanding most of his army and permitting an indiscriminate plunder of public property. Owing to the report that many of those lately in arms against the Government had taken refuge upon the soil of Mexico, carrying with them arms rightfully belonging to the United States, which had been surrendered to us by agreement (among them some of the leaders who had surrendered in person), and the disturbed condition of affairs on the Rio Grande, the orders for troops to proceed to Texa& were not changed. There have been severe combats, raids, expeditions, and move- ments to defeat the designs and purposes of the enemy, most of them reflecting great credit on our arms, and which contributed greatly to our final triumphs, that I have not mentioned. Many of these will be found clearly set forth in the reports herewith sub- mitted; some in the telegrams and brief dispatches announcing them, and others, I regret to say, have not as yet been officially re- ported. For information touching our Indian difficulties, I would respectfully refer to the reports of the commanders of departments in which they have occurred. It has been my fortune to see the armies of both the West and the East fight battles, and from what I have seen I know there is no difference in their fighting qualities. All that it was possible for men to do in battle they have done. The Western armies com- menced their battles in the Mississippi Valley, and received the final surrender of the remnant of the principal army opposed to them in 0 * Subordinate reports of Wilsons expedition xviii appear in Vol. XLIX Page 63 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 63 North Carolina. The armies of the East commenced their battles on the river from which the Army of the Potomac derived its name, and received the final surrender of their old antagonist at Appomat- tox Court-House, Va. The splendid achievements of each have nationalized our victories, removed all sectional jealousies (of which we have unfortunately experienced too much), and the cause of crimination and recrimination that might have followed had either section failed in its duty. All have a proud record, and all sections can well congratulate themselves and each other for having done their full share in restoring the supremacy of law over every foot of territory belonging to the United States. Let them hope for perpetual peace and harmony with that enemy whose manhood, however mistaken the cause, drew forth such herculean deeds of valor. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Hon. E. M. STANTON, Lieutenant-General. Secretary of War. No. 2. Dispatches of Charles A. Dana, Assistant Secretary of War. RAPPAHANNOCK; May 7, 18647.15 a. m. (Received 7.50 a. in.) Just arrived here, all safe. An officer from General Meade was here at 2 oclock this morning seeking to telegraph to Washing- ton, but was recalled by a second niessenger, and both returned to Meade. They report that there was heavy fighting yesterday in the Wilderness beyond Germanna Ford. They state regarding the num- ber of wounded, from 3,000 to 5,000. We drove the rebels 3 miles, but were unable to use artillery with effect, owing to the density of the forest. The battle is believed here to have been indecisive, but as the officer said but little I can gather nothing precise. The first of these officers said he came to get ammunition brought up from Alexandria. There is evidently no difficulty in getting to the front, for which I shall leave as soon as the horses and men have had breakfast. I leave an operator here to forward reports. Maj. T. T. ECKERT. C. A. DANA. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES May 8, 186410 a. m. (Received 3.40 p. in., 9th.) Army moved successfully last night from its position during the battle of Old Wilderness, and its advaiice under Warren now occu- pies Spotsylvania Court-House. A body of rebel cavalry resisted our movement there, but without any considerable effect. There are no indications that Lee has moved in any direction, and General Grant is decidedly of opinion that he remains in the old place. If this be so we are much nearer Richmond than he is. Sedgwicks zorps has just passed here for Spotsylvania. Burnside is at Cha Page 64 ~CLIAP XLVIII. 64 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. cellorsville, and is ordered to Airichs to cover the trains. Hancock is moving after Warren, head of his column having just passed Todds Tavern. At this last-named place Sheridan, with Greggs and Torberts divisions, had a sharp fight yesterday afternoon with the whole of Stuarts rebel cavalry, in which latter were driven back off the ground, leaving some hundred dead on field, including Parton Collins, a rehegade Pennsylvanian. Both parties fonght dismounted in the woods. The precise figures of our losses in the battles are not yet ascertained. Whole number will not vary much from 12,000. Our latest report from General Wadsworth is that yesterday morning he lay senseless in a rebel hospital, shot through the brain, aiid sure to die. Of Seymour we have no knowledge, ex- cept that he is missing. General Hays is killed. Shaler is wounded, and a prisoner. An extraordinary number are but slightly injured. Number of rebel prisoners in our hands, about 2,000. There is reason to believe that Longstreet was severely wounded on Thursday. Our army will probably remain in its present lines till to-morrow morn- ing. Seven days rations will be issued to men, rendering it possible to leave trains behind, and then, On to Richmond ! Spirits of men and officers are of the highest pitch of animation. We still have 140 rounds per man. I scud this dispatch in duplicate to Fred- ericksburg, where our wounded are sent, and to Rappahannock. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, -~ Secretary of War. HDQRS. ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Four miles north of Spots ylvania Court-House, May 9, 186412 noon. (Received 4 p. in., 10th.) General Wilson, with his division of cavalry, occupied Spotsylva- nia Court-House yesterday morning for an hour, but as Warrens corps had not yet made its appearance, and as columns of rebel in- fantry were gaining position on both his right and left, he fell back to Alsops. Prisoners were taken by Wilson, who reported that two divisions of Longstreets corps had just come up, they having marched all night. General Grant at once gave orders for attack- ing these troops with the whole of Warrens corps, to whose support Sedgwick was hurrying up, in order to destroy them before the rest of the rebel army could arrive. Warren, however, proceeded with exceeding caution, and when lie finally did attack, sent a single division at a time, and was constantly repulsed. The general attack which Generals Grant and Meade directed was never made, for rea- sons which I have not yet been able to learn, but successive assaults were made upon this and that point in the rebel positions, with no decisive results. The last assaults were made just before dark, when the fighting was very sharp. What number of men we lost is not ascertained, but the condition of the hospitals indicates that it is not so large as was to have been supposed. This morning the rebels are massing on our left, apparently for the purpose of both cover- ing the road to Richmond, and preventing General Grant from going to Fredericksburg. There has been no fighting except by skirmish- ers. General Sedgwick was killed this morning by a sharpshooter; ball struck him in the forehead. General Robinson was wounded in the leg yesterday. General Morris was similarly wounded to-day Page 65 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 65 Colonel Ryan was killed yesterday. Richmond papers of the 7th report General Jones killed; Paul [Micah] Jenkins and Stafford mortally wonnded; Longstreet severely wonnded. General Grants orders last night were not to renew the fighting to-day; bnt if, as now appears to be the case, Lee has left anything open in front of onr right by massing on onr left, he may attack at this weakened point of their lines, with a view of passing toward Richmond on that side. This attack, if determined upon, will be made by Hancock, who holds onr right, with the Sixth Corps in the center, and the Fifth on left. Hancock is snpported by one division of Bnrnside, held in reserve at Piney Branch Church, while two divisions, under Willcox, are posted at the Gate to watch in that direction, and come down to support Warren in case of need. Buruside himself is at Airichs, covering rear and trains. Sheridan, with Cavalry Corps, moved from Ahops at 4 oclock this morning to attack Stnart, open a way for themselves to cut Lees ammunition traii~s, and after doing all possible damage, si~ike the James River, and communicate with General Butler. To-morrow morniiig this e4ire army will have five days rati zns in their haversacks; there are also five additional days in the wagons. Onr surgeons find plenty of ice in the ice- houses of the country. General Hobart Ward is under arrest for running away in the Wilderness battle. General H. G. Wright has been put in command of Sedgwicks corps. Imbodens cavalry re- ported to be in the country north of the Rapidan, picking up our stragglers. Hon. E. M. STANTON, A. DANA. Secretary of War. NEAR SPOTSYLVANJA COURT-HOUSE May 10, 18642 p. m. (Received 10 a. in., 11th.) Positions of the two armies have not been essentially changed since my last dispatch. At about 5 p. m. yesterday Hancocks corps was thrown across the Po River, at a point about 3 miles below Cor- bins Bridge, and a half mile above the bend to the south, laid down on Information 16 of the Topographical Bureau. Enemy had pre- viously been moving troops and trains on Block house road to- ward the east. They made little resistance to Hancocks crossing, and the latter took up position at right angles to the general direc- tion of our lines without loss or difficulty. The ground gained proves to be worthless, however, as the rebels have all got east of the Po, and stoutly hold every point where crossing might be ef- fected; consequently Birneys and Gibbons divisions have been moved back, and are now massed between Warrens right and the Po. Barlows division still remains south of the Po, but are ready to move across if required to support the other two divisions. The Fourth Division of Hancocks corps (Motts) has been posted be- tween Wrights left and Bnrnsides right, to maintain the communi- cation and close the lines between them. Very active fighting has been going on all day, with pretty heavy firing from our artillery, for which the broad opening of the plantations affords favorable positions. Rebels have used their cannon but little. By the skir- mishing of this forenoon we have driven the rebels back to their breast-works on most of the line, but especially in Wrights fron~ 5 R RVOL xxxvi, PT Page 66 66 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. where it has been forced back more than a mile. Arrangements have been completed for attacking in force at every point at 5 to-day, but the weak point of the rebels is believed to be opposite the point where Gibbon and Birney are massed on their flank. The assault is to be condncted by Hancock in person. Whether Lees entire army is here, or whether any part has been detached to Rich- mond, is a question concerning which we have no positive evidence. It is tine that wherever we touch Lee he appears to be strong, but his lines are much shorter than ours and more concealed by woods, so that he can move from one point to another withont our knowii~g it. Sheridan was last heard from at Smiths Mill, at 4 p. m. yes- terday, successfully moving south. He had seen nothiiig of Stuarts cavalry, though hitherto they have been on Lees right flank. Field returns of the Army of the Potomac yesterday showed actually present for duty 57,710 men, infantry and artillery. Total killed, wounded, stragglers, and missing in general being 27,621. This does not include cavalryiii round numbers 15,000. The Second Army Corps is dimiiiished by 6,619, the Fifth Corps 11,982, the Sixth Corps 9,023. Burusides field returns of yesterday show for duty 18,818, infantry and artillery; 2,863 cavalry. Total present effective force of this army, including Ninth Corps, is thus 94,000 men. Of course great numbers of men who are lying around in the woods will soon return to their commands, but many of these are worthless for fighting purposes. This morning General Rice was severely wounded; General Stevenson, Ninth Corps, killed. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. P. 5., 4 p. m.At 2 p. m. rebels fell in force upon Barlow, who with one division had been left by Hancock on the south side of the Po. Attack has been repulsed, but it has rendered it impossible for Barlow to cross to north side of the river. Birney has been sent to his support and Warren ordered to attack for his relief. C. A. DANA. NEAR SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, Miay 11, 18647 a. m. (Received 7 a. in., 12th.) The battle yesterday resulted in important advantages to us, though it was less decisive than we had hoped. The assault, which was to have been made along the whole line at 5 p. in., was delayed by enemys previous attack upon Barlows division, of Hancocks corps, upon our extreme right. This attack was made by Heths division, and was repulsed with great slaughter. Barlow had with- drawn his artillery to the north side of the Po, with exception of one or two pieces, which were out of position when Heths masses came upon him. They were allowed to come within short range, when they were mowed down by Barlows musketry. This was re- peated, with same result. Barlow then completed his withdrawal north of the Po, leaving his wounded, who were numerous, and one piece of artillery upon the ground. Rebels made no attempt to fol- low him across river except by sending over some skirmishers, who were promptly driven back. The general assault took place about 6.30 p. m. I witne8sed it in Warrens front, where it was execute Page 67 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 67 with the caution and absence of comprehensive ensemble which seem to characterize that officer. Both here and on ground further to right, which was occupied by Gibbons and Birneys divisions, under Hancock, the rebel lines were gained, but not held, and our men fell back again at dark, without having accomplished anything of consequence. On Wrights front something better was done. A large part of the ground before that general is an impracticable morass, and the only good approach is on his extreme left. There he massed twelve regiments as storming party, under Colonel Upton, supported by six regiments of the Sixth Corps. Pressing forward with irresistible force, creeping on hands and knees, which in some places covered enemy, Upton not only broke his lines, but captured the three regiments of which Doles brigade, of Ewells corps, is now composed, namely: Fourth, Twelfth, and Forty-fourth Georgia, with Colonel Peebles, of the Forty-fourth, in command of the brigade. Rank and file of this brigade number 913, with 37 officers. Upton was afterward struck in the right flank by enemy, and forced to withdraw part of his command, but the remainder held ground until after dark, and then came off iji perfect order. He captured 3 cannon also, but these he was unable to save. His loss in killed and wounded was about 1,000. Farther to the left, where Motts division held ground, between Wright aiid Burn- side, we were disgraced by a retreat of that division, without loss, and apparently without any considerable force to oppose them. They advanced into the woods with orders to attack, but came out again at once, like cowards. This is the old division of Sickles and Hooker, and is composed of the troops in the army, with exception, perhaps, of Milroys old brigade, which fought and fled under Sey- mour at Old Wilderness. On our extreme left Buruside steadily advanced, the enemy, who was in small force on that wing, giving way before him, till at 10 p. m. he had got within a quarter of a mile of the Court-House. Buruside lost 6 men killed in the days operations. Our loss will be about 3,000, principally in Barlows division ana Uptons storming party. General Rice is dead. We learn from prisoners that Wadsworth is dead. Rebel losses in the first two days fighting are stated by prisoners at 15,000. Nothing heard from Sheridans cavalry. General Grant has ordered Han- cocks corps to be withdrawn from the right, and pushed in between Wright and Buruside, with a view to break and turn enemy on that flank. The wagons are also to be sent back to Aquia Creek for supplies. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. BATTLE-FIELD OF SPOTSYLvANIA COURT-HOUSE, ]Jiliay 12, 1864S a. m. (Received 1.45 a. in., 13th.) The battle was renewed at 4.30 this morning. During the night Hancock marched from his previous position on our right and occu- pied the ground between Wright and Buruside. At daylight he attacked with his accumstomed impetuosity, forcing the first and then the second line of the enemys works, capturing the whole of Edward Johnsons division and part of Earlys, together wit Page 68 68 OPERATiONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVI1I. Major-General Johnson, Brigadier-General Johnston, General Sten- art, and from 30 to 40 Cannon. The number of prisoners is not known, bnt it is to be counted by thousands. Buruside, on the ex- treme left, opened at the same time with Hancock, and advanced with Comparatively little opposition. His right has formed a jnnc- tion with Hancock, and his left is now actively engaged. Wrights troops attacked at abont 7. Th, and are now at work. Warren is demonstrating to hold the enemy in front of him in his lines. The rebel works at that point are exceedingly strong. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. SPOTSYLVANIA BATTLE-FIELD, May 12, 18647 p. m. (Received 13th.) The battle has raged withont cessation thronghont the day. Wright and Hancock have borne the brnnt of it. Burnside has made several attacks, in which Potters division especially has bden bronght to the work with much determination. Indeed, Bnrnsides troops generally have borne themselves like good soldiers. I should here mention that only his~ white troops have been engaged, the colored division having been kept in the rear to guard the trains. Warren alone has gained nothing. His attacks were made in the forenoon, with so munch delay that both Grant and Meade were greatly dissatisfied, but when they were made they were unsuccesful, though attended with considerable loss. The rebel works in his. front were very strong, and finally, at about 1 oclock, the chief por- tion of his troops were withdrawn from his lines and brought to the support of Wright. It was then ftmtended to attempt a grand assault with a very powerful column under Wright at about 5 p. in., but when the men were brought up they were so tired from the long days work, and the chances of success were so much short of cer- tainty, that General Wright advised General Meade to postpone the attempt, and accordingly the ob~tinate battle was allowed to pause here. The results of the day are that we have crowded the enemy out of some of his most important positions, have weakened him by heavy losses in killed and wounded, have captured 3,200 prisoners, many flags, and a number of cannon, variously reported at from 33 to 42, only part of them haviiig yet been brought from the lines where they were captured. Our troops rest to-night upon the ground they have so victoriously fought for. Our losses of to-day I cannot estimate. Warren reckons the number of his killed and wounded at 2,000. I hear of no prominent officer who has fallen. Generals Wright and Birney are slightly wounded, each still remain- ing at his post. General Webb is hurt more severely, but I think not dangerously. The report that we had captured 3 generals is incorrect. We have only Major-General Johnson and Brigadier- General Steuart. Among our prisoners are men from all the corps of Lees army, though the great proportion are from Ewells, to which Johnsons division belonged. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War Page 69 CHAP. XLVII1.] GENERAL REPORTS. 69 SPOTSYLVANIA BATTLE-FIELD, May 13, 18648 a. m. (Received 4.20 p. in.) Lee abandoned his position during the nightwhether to occupy a new one in the vicinity or to make a thorough retreat is not deter- mined. One division of Wrights and one of Hancocks are engaged in settling this question, and at 7.30 a. m. had come upon his rear- guard. Though our army is greatly fatigued from the enormous efforts of yesterday the news of Lees departure inspires the men with fresh energy. The whole force will soon be in motion, but the heavy rain of the last thirty-six hours renders the roads very diffi- cult for wagons and artillery. Our loss in killed and wounded in yesterdays battle will not vary much from 6,000. The proportiQn of severely wounded is greater than in either of the previous days fighting. This was owing to the great use made of artillery. Hon. E. M. STANTON, A. DANA. Secretary of War. SPOT5YLvANJA COURT-HOUSE, VA., May 13, 18646 p. m. (Received 12.30 p. in., 14th.) The impression that Lee had started on his retreat to Richmond which prevailed at the date of my dispatch of this morning is not confirmed. Our skirmishers have found the rebels along the whole line, and the conclusion now is that their retrograde movement of last night was made to correct their position after the loss of the key-points taken from them yesterday, and that they are still before us in force. Of course we cannot determine without a battle whether their whole army is still here, and nothing has been done to-day to provoke one. It has been necessary to rest the men, and accord- ingly we have everywhere stood upon the defensive. Still there has been a good deal of picket firing, and on Warrens front an occasional sound of artillery. In changing his lines Lee has left more uncovered the roads leading southward along his right wing, and Grant has ordered Meade to throw the corps of Warren, which now holds the right, and the corps of Wright, which holds the center of Meades army, to the left of Buruside, leaving Hancock upon our right. This maneuver will be executed immediately after dark to-night, and, if not interrupted, will turn Lees flank and com- pel him to move southward. In the skirmishing this morning Colonel Carroll, one of the most brilliant and daring officers of the Army of the Potomac, lost an arm. The number of cannon actually captured yesterday now appears to be reduced to 18. The prisoners are 3,500. About 150 more have been picked up to-day. Nothing more froni Sheridan. Hon. E. M. STANTON, C. A. DANA. Secretary of War. BATTLE-FIELD OP SPOTSYLVANTA, ilJiay 14, 18645.30 a. m. (Received 7.40 a. in., 15th.) The movement of the Fifth and Sixth Corps to our left was exe- cuted during the night. They were to have attacked at daylight Page 70 70 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. but no sound of battle is yet heard from that quarter. If successful this maneuver Will put us upon Lees rear and compel him to retreat toward Lynchburg. Rain still continues. Roads very bad. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. SPOTSYLVANIA BATTLE-FIELD, May 14, 18647.30 a. m. (Received 9.30 a. in., 17th.) Owing to the rain and the mud, Wright and Warren did not get up in season to attack at dayligjit. Meade has massed them in the woods, out of sight of the enemy. The prospect now is that there will be no battle to-day. The great rain has ceased, but we still have occasional showers. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. BATTLE-FIELD OF SPOTSYLVANIA lIiJiay 15, 18647.30 a. m. (Received 9.40 a. in., 16th.) There was no serious fighting yesterday. Our flanking movement failed, owing to the rain and the mud, and the enemy escaped the surprise which would otherwise apparently have been successful. A conspicuous hill, with a house and plantation buildings, between our left and the rebel right, was carried by U p tons brigade at 10.30 a. m. on yesterday, the rebels, with a conpl e of light guns, being driven away. At 1 p. m. the rebels retook it, coming up with a force altogether too big for Upton. General Meade, who was there at the moment, narrowly escaped capture. At 7 p. in., Ayres, with his brigade, very handsomely carried it again. The losses in these operations were trifling. The hill seems to be valuable rather as a lookout than for offensive purposes. During the night the reb& ls have been busy in moving troops from their left to their right, leav- ing the lines in front of Hancocks corps vacant. To meet the attack on our left, which this seemed to indicate, General Grant has massed Hancock behind our center. This army is thus concentrated to the last degree. Warners regiment of heavy artillery, the first of your re-enforcements, arrived here at 7.30 p. m. yesterday. This regi- ment has been assigned to Uptons [Grants] brigade, of the Fifth [Sixth] Corps. The rainy weather still continues with occasional heavy showers. The roads are very bad, and offensive movements are nearly impossible. If we were to rout the enemy we could not pursue him. Nothing heard from Sheridan. C. A. DANA, Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, lIiiay 16, 18647 a. m. (Received 3.40 p. in.) No change has been made in the situation of this army since my dispatch of yesterday morning, except that Birneys division, of Hancocks corps, which was left behind in the night when the mass of that corps was moved into the rear of our center, has also been withdrawn, leaving Burusides corps alone to hold the right. The rain has continued at intervals, and the mud is as bad as ever. Th Page 71 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 71 two armies are now concentrated upon the main road from Frede- ricksburg to Richmond. The rebels appear to be massed about the Court-House, where they have twenty cannons in position to bear upon the road. Their works, however, do not seem to extend far to left of the Court-House. Yesterday their trains were moving in the direction of Guineys Station, where they apparently have a depot of sup p lies. Our pickets in front of Wrights lines are about 2 miles dis tan t from the road leading to Guiney~s. A brigade of rebel cavalry has appeared here within the last two days, but has done us no damage. General Grant desires that Major Morton, of the Corps of Engineers, should be sent here to report to General Burnside. Captain Harris, of the Ordnance Corps, now serving with General Burnside, might be advantageously employed elsewhere. Buruside has no more occasion for an ordnance officer than any other corps commander. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. BATTLE-FIELD OF SPOT5YLVANIA, May 16, 18649 a. m. (Received 2.30 a. in., 17th.) The field return of the Army of the Potomac shows present for duty oii May 13, :38,254 officers and men, while that of the Ninth Army Corps shows 17,870, makiiig total (exclusive of cavalry) of 56,124. This does not include any of the re-enforcements that have lately arrived in the Army of the Potomac. The Second Corps counts 12,116; Fifth Corps, 14,860; Sixth Corps, 11,278. Cavalry force, I have report only from that with Burnside, which numbers 2,149. Returns of casualties during recent battles are in the Second CorpsKilled, o 387, men 6,363; fficers 88, men 1,0~9; wounded, officers missing, officers 39, men 3,647. Aggregate, 11,553. Fifth CorpsKilled, officers 76, men 958; wounded, officers 316, men 6,110; missing, officers 91, men 3,135. Aggregate, 10,686. Sixth CorpsKilled, officers 103, men 1,027; wounded, officers 313, men 5,747; missing, officers 51, men 2,251. Aggregate, 9,492. ArtilleryKilled, officers 2, men 5; ~vounded, officers Ii, men 41; missing, officers none, men 71. Aggregate, 120. Total killed, wounded, and missing, Army of the Potomac, 31,851. Ninth CorpsKilled, 553; wounded, 3,020; missing, 1,448. Ag- gregate, 5,021. Grand total, 36,872. The servant of a South Carolina officer, who escaped to our lines yesterday, reports that he heard his master say that their losses were 40,000. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON Secretary of War. SPOT5YLVANIA BATTLE-FIELD, May 16, 18647 p. m. (Received 2.15 a. in., 17th.) No movements of importance to-day, and no fighting. Buruside has been fii~ing his cannon for the last two hours to cover the re- moval of some hospitals left by Hancock when he withdrew fro Page 72 72 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. the extreme right yesterday. Besides the First Regiment of Ver- mont Artillery, the only new troops that have yet reported here are abont 1,800 drafted men, recruits, and men discharged from hospi- tals. Motts division, of the Second Corps, has been reduced to a brigade and attached to Birneys division. General Mott applied v& rbally to General Hancock to be relieved, bnt General Meade gave him notice that if a formal application should be made he would recommend that General Mott should be mustered out of service. No rain here since daylight. Roads rapidly drying. If the good weather holds it will be possible to move to-morrow. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. SPOTSYLVANIA BATTLE-FIELD, May 17, 18648 a. m. (Received 3.50 p. in.) No change in the situation of the army since my dispatch of last evening. Weather still unsettled, though but little rain has fallen during the night. Army will move just as soon as the skies and roads are such as not to endanger the success of the blow to be struck. Colonel M erphy, with the Irish Legion, reported last even- ing 1,600 muskets; the remainder, ac6ording to Colonel Murphy, being drunk on the road. They are assigned to the Sixth Corps. General Grant last evening ordered General R. 0. Tyler to be here to-night with all his troops that have reached Belle Plain. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. SPOTSYLVANIA, May 17, 18644 p. m. (Received 10.50 p. in.) Weather is splendid, and roads rapidly becoming dry, even where mud was worst. Orders for decisive movement of the army have been issued. They are to be executed during the night. Hancocks corps, which, with exception of Birneys divison, has now for two days been maneuvred in the rear of General Warren, moves after dark to the left of the Sixth Corps, which now forms our left. Bir- neys division follows immediately after, so as to join the corps in its new position before daylight. At 3 a. m. Burnsides corps withdraws from our lines on the right of Warren, and takes up a new position as a reserve in the rear of Wright and Hancock. I3oth Birney and Buruside are directed to leave their pickets out, in order, as far as possible, to keep this movement a secret from the enemy. Wright and Hancock are to attack with the first glimmer- ing of day, and Burnside is to be ready to support them and fill the place of any troops that may get into disorder in the ardor of the assault. Had there been such a column to support Hancock on Thursday last there is no doubt Lee must have been routed. Our cavalry have been this morning as far as Guineys Station. They report the enemy there in considerable force. Very possibly he suspects that General Grant will renew attempt to turi~ his right; possibly, too, he is only protecting a quantity of supplies. The Irish Legion has been assigned to Hancock, and not to Wright, a Page 73 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 73 General Grant at first determined. Tylers division is to take in the Second Corps the place of the division of Mott, now incorpo- rated as a brigade in Birneys division. All the reserve artillery, both of the Army of the Potomac and Ninth Corps, has been sent to Belle Plain. It was a useless incumbrance. In this heavily- wooded and broken country no great maneuvering of artillery can be employed. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, May 18, 18645 a. m. (Received 10 a. in.) The report of General Wright, who had reconnoitered the ground over which our proposed attack upon the enemys right was to be made caused General Grant to change the plan detailed in my dis- patch of last evening. Instead of attacking on our left Hancock and Wright have made a night march to our right flank, and at- tacked at daylight upon the same lines where Hancock made his suc- cessful assault on Thursday last. We have as yet no news of the result. Warrens guns opened a heavy fire upon the rebel lines at the Court-House at 4.30. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HDQRS. NEAR SPOTSYLVANIA, May 18, 1864-12 m. (Received 4.20 p. in.) Hancock and Wright made their attack this morning in good style, forced the first and the second lines of rebel rifle-pits, and for a time were confident that at last they had struck the lair of the enemy, but advancing through the forest each corps presently found itself confronted by heavy interior works, protected, especially in Hancocks line of advance, by impassable abatis. Barlows division, of Hancocks corps, attempted in vain to charge through this obsta- cle, and held their ground before it for an hour or more under a galling fire of canister. The difficulty of storming the rebel in- trenched camp on that side being evidently of the most extreme character, and both corps having artfully, but unsuccessfully, sought for a weak point where they might break through, Grant, at 9 oclock, ordered the attack to cease. Wright was directed to march back to his former position on our left, and Tylers division, of Han- cocks corps, to take post in his rear. Warren maintained a vigor.. ous artillery duel with the rebel batteries around the Court-House until 11 oclock, when both parties ceased firing. Our losses by the mornings work are reckoned by General Meade at 500 killed and wounded. General Grant has issued his orders for another move- ment which he has for several days had in contemplation, but which he did not wish to try till after this last attempt to get the enemy out of his stronghold by attacking it on one of its flanks. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War Page 74 [CHAP. XLVIII. 74 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. BELLE PLAIN, Allay 19, 1864. (Received 2 p. in.) I left the army at 8.30 this morning. Nothing of importance since yesterday morning except that the cavalry under Torbert, who re- ported for duty yesterday morning, weut to Guineys Station in the afternoon, drove a small rebel force, burned the depot, the post-office, and a small railroad bridge, and returned without loss. Wright returued to his old position before dark, and is crowding his lines in upou the rebels aiid intreuching himself. Burnside occupies this forenoon a position upon Wrights left, and is directed to open roads and intrench himself, crowding as close to the enemy as possible, and especially to get his left as far to the west as he can. Hancock is massed behind the center, ready to move when the time comes. I am taking advantage of this lull in offensive operations to come to Washington for a day to get a few necessary things. When I left I brought with me only a toothbrush, which proves inadequate to the exigencies of a prolonged campaign. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. BELLE PLAIN, May 20, 18648 p. m. (Received 10 p. in.) A newspaper correspondent of my acquaintance, who left the front at 4 p. m. to-day, describes the fight of last evening as a very bril- liant affair. It was especially valuable because the new heavy artillery troops were engaged in it, and bore themselves with the gallantry of veterans. We took about 700 prisoners. Our losses pretty severequite 1,000 killed and wounded, but the enemy, who came out of his intreuchnients for the attack, was much more severely punished. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. GUINEYS STATION, VA., May 21, 18645.30 p. m. (Received 11 p. in.) So far the new movement of the army has been accomplished without iiiterruption. Hancock has not yet been heard fi~om since his arrival at Milford, where he was ordered to halt, but there is no reason to doubt that he has got there and has seized the bridge. Warren is here, across the Mattapony. A body of cavalry opposed passage of the river, but withdrew after a short skirmish. Burn- side and Wright were to be at Thornburg to-night, unless the enemy should make too powerful resistance to their advance in that direction in which case they were to march in this direction, and cross the Ny at ford a mile or more above here. As no sounds of fighting have been heard from that direction it is probable that they have made good the crossing at Thornburg. Trains are all assembled at Villeborough, about 3~ miles from here. Hancock yes- terday morning shot one of his stragglers, a private. None of the others have yet been tried. ~. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War Page 75 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 75 GuINEYs STATION, May 21, 18647.50 p. m. (Received 11 p. in.) Since my dispatch at 5.30 p. in., cannonading has been heard on the southwest; whether from Stanards Mill or Thornburg, it is im- possible to determine. It was doubtless from Burnsides advance, but is not heavy enough to indicate any considerable engagement. It ceased about fifteen minutes ago, but as I write it opens again. It has been ascertained that Longstreets corps moved from Spotsyl- vania southward at 1 oclock last night. Hancock moved an hour and a half previously. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. GUINEYs STATION, VA., May 22, 18646.30 a. m. (Received 11.55 a. in.) General Burnside, finding his crossing at Stanards Mill op- posed by a battery, made no strong effort to cross there, but in compliance with his orders, marched this way and is now near here on Warrens right, beyond the Po. After Burnside left, two bri- gades, or, as some prisoners say, four brigades, came off from Spot- sylvania and attacked Wright, but were easily repulsed, and he is also up in safety. Warren and Wright move this morning upon Harris Store; Burnside to Colemans Crossing and Corrats [Cob- betts ?j Tavern to support Hancock, who is in advance of Milford. Hancock had some insignificant skirmishes yesterday. We are now in a fine, clear country, good to move and fight in. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. P. 5. Hancock reports Longstreets corps, with Hokes, from south of Richmond, in front of him. C.A.D. GUINEYs STATION, May 22, 18649.30 a. m. (Received 5.40 p. in.) Warren has possession of the Telegraph road beyond Stanards Mill. He reports that Ewells corps, following after Longstreet, marched over that road last night. The last of the rebel train was seen at 7.30 this morning beyond Stanards. Everything indicates that the rebel army has fallen back beyond the North Anna. Gen- eral Grant estimates Lees present force, including Hokes re-enforce- ments, at 50,000 effective men. This does not include the cavalry. Hon. F. M. STANTON, C. A. DANA. Secretary of War. NEW BETHEL CHURCH, May 22, 18646.30 p. in. (Received 8 a. in., 23d.) The order of march, reported in my dispatch of this morning, has been followed without interruption by the different corps, and all o Page 76 76 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. tliem have either reached their destination or are sure to so do within an hour. Warren came upon the rear guard of Ewells corps, about half-way between Madisons Ordinary and the crossing of the Mat, and some artillery was fired, but there was no fighting. Warren made prisoners of some 50 stragglers. Burnside holds the crossing of the Mat in his line of march, and as Hancocks whole force is already on the other side of that river, no resistance is likely to be made to the advance of either Warren or Wright. The first contact with the enemy will probably be on the North Anna, one dats march from here over. The country continues favorable, with broad fields and fine roads, The cattle of the plantations have all been driven from our line of march, and the negroes removed mostly to Danville. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. MONCURES PLANTATION, NEAR MOUNT CARMEL CHURCH, Miay 23, 186410 p. m. (Received 3 p. in., 24th.) Our right wing, under General Warren, moving from Harris Store, reached the North Anna at 1 p. in. The stream is here about 150 feet wide, with bluff banks from 50 to 75 feet high; at Jericho Mills it is fordable. The left wing, under Hancock, advanced from Milford Station toward Taylors Bridge, and at about 1 p. m. passed a small creek about 1 milethis side of the Anna. The name of this creek I have not learned. Burnsides corps, moving from Bethel Church through circuitous plantation roads, with its march frequently interrupted, did not reach its destination on the Ox Ford, between Hancocks and Warrens position, until dark, and consequently could take no part in the action of the evening. Wright followed after Warren, endeavoring, with indifferent suc cess, to find a road to his right. In fact, the operations of the day have been much embarrassed by our ignorance of the road, and the entire incorrectness of our maps. As soon as Warren reached Jericho Mills he pushed his sharpshooters across the stream, which is easily fordable at that place, followed by a compact body of infantry. A South Carolina regiment posted to watch the crossing at once gave way, leaving a single prisoner in his hands, from whom he learned that Wilcoxs division was drawn up to receive him beyond the railroad. Under the orders of General Grant he promptly threw across the pontoon bridge, over which he rapidly moved his artillery, at the same time urging forward his infantry by the ford as well as by the bridge, and by 5 oclock had crossed his entire command, taking up a position of great strength. He rapidly commenced in- trenching himself, Griffins division extending its lines beyond the railroad. At 6 oclock he was attacked with great vehemence by a rebel force, which he reports as the entire corps of Longstreet. At this hour we have no details of the result, except that the attack was triumphantly repulsed. At the distance of 4 miles from the scene it has not yet been possible to procure detailed information, but I have never heard more rapid or more massive firing, either of artillery o Page 77 GENERAL REPORTS. CRAP. XLVIII.J 77 musketry. Immediately after the beginning of the attack upon Warren, Hancock moved forward. The rebels were intrenched, and in considerable force between the creek he had crossed and the river, and made a pertinacious resistance to his onset, but before dark lie had forced them from their works and driven them across the stream. Taylors Bridge is, in his possession. General Grant has ordered him to cross his corps and intrench himself on the south shore, if possible, calling upon Buruside for any re-enforcements of which he may stand in need. Wright is also ordered over to the support of Hancock, so that if Lee should attack in the morning he may be suitably received. It appears that the rebel general was misled by Hancocks march to Bowling Green and to Milford, and had massed his forces lower down to resist our crossing over the Pamunkey, having his center at Hanover Junction. Prisoners report that his whole three corps are present, besides the forces under Hoke. Longstreets corps has been completed by the restora- tion of Picketts division. 10.30 p. m. From a dispatch just received from Warren, as well as from officers of Grant and Meade, the destructive repulse of the enemy is confirmed. They assailed Warrens right with snch vio- lence that the brigade formerly commanded by Sol. Meredith, in Cutlers (late Wadsworths) division, broke in confusion, but the evil was soon remedied. The slaughter of the enemy was very great; our losses inconsiderable. The rebels charged against our artillery, and suffered, especially from canister. Warren now reports that it was Hills not Longstreets, corps, which attacked him. Among the prisoners we have taken to-day is an officer who reports that lie left Savannah with a body of troops five days ago. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, May 24, 1864. (Received 7 a. in., 25th.) The e~ieiny have fallen back, whether to take up a position beyond the South Anna or to go to Richmond is uncertain. Reports brought by negroes favor the latter alternative. Warren, Burnside, and Hancock are pushing forward after the retreating army. War- ren captured a good number of prisoners last evening, but has not yet had time to count them, nor to ascertain his losses. Hancock, in storming the rifle-pits this side of the river last evening, also took between 100 and 200 prisoners, and drove many rebels into the river, where they were drowned. Warren captured some official papers, amongst them an order calling out all boys of seventeen to garrison Richmond. Ambulance-men and musicians are also ordered to the ranks. Sheridan heard from this morning at Dunkirk; will be at Milford to-night. The country just here is densely wooded with pine, much like the Wilderness region. Roads very sandy. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War Page 78 [CHAP. XLVIII. 78 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Mount Carmel Church, May 24, 18641 p. in. (Received 1L20 a. in., 25th.) Everything going on well. Warren has 500 prisoners, Hancock some 300, and Wright has picked up some. The whole number resulting from yesterdays operations will not fall short of 1,000. Warrens loss is not over 300 killed and wounded. The pursuit is delayed by the great fatigue of the men, especially of the Sixth and Ninth Corps, still Hancock and Warren will reach the South Anna by nightfall. The prisoners captured are in a great part North Carolinians. They are more discouraged than any considerable number of prisoners ever captured before. They say also that Lee has (leceived them; that his army will not fight again except behind breast-works. Weather hot. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. JERICHO MILLS, VA., May 25, 186412 in. (Received 3.30 a. in., 26th.) The conclusion that the enemy had abandoned the region be- tweeli the North and South Anna, though shared yesterday by every prominent officer here, proves to have been a mistake; at least such is the present belief of General Meade and General Grant. All through the day yesterday Burnside found it impossible to cross his troops at the Ox Ford, and although Warrens corps was across above him, and Hancocks below, those commanders were unable to connect their lines until late in the afternoon. The opinion prevailed that the position was held by a rear guard only, but the obstinacy of their skirmishers was regarded as very remark- able. About dark, Hancock made an attack, which broke into the rebel line of works, taking some prisoners, and satisfying himself that the whole corps of Ewell was before him. Shortly afterward the division of Gibbon was attacked, but handsomely beat back the assault without any considerable loss. Just before dark Crit- tenden who had brought his division of the Ninth Corps to the right bank by the way of Quarles Ford, about 2 miles down the river from here, was also suddenly attacked, arid one of his brigades badly damaged. He reported last night that one-half the brigade was missing, the number of those who had disappeared being vaguely reported at about 600. As yet the name of the brigade and the exact loss have not been made known at headquarters. Potters division, of Ninth Corps, is across with Hancock. Willcox re- mains on the north bank. No fighting of any moment has taken place this morning, but enemy show such strength on their lines that it appears very probable that Lees whole army is here. His intrenchments are in form of the letter V, having the point of the angle opposite the Ox Ford. He has shown artillery on both faces. Our forces are now engaged in ascertaining positively where he is, and how strong he is. We may remain here a day or two. If a promising chance offers, General Grant will fight, of course; otherwise, he will maneuver without attacking. Our forces ar Page 79 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 79 strongly intreuched and perfectly safe, even if Lee should attempt to push his whole army upon either division of ours. Numerous bridges are being thrown across the North Anna to connect our two wings. General Grant last night made an order assigning the Ninth Corps to the Army of the Potomac. Sheridan is up where his troops can be used. A strong force is at work to-day destroying the Virginia Central Railroad. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS UNiTED STATES ARMIES, Quarles Ford, Va., May 26, 18648 a. m. (Received 9 p. in.) Headquarters was brought back to the north side of the river last evening. Orders for moving the army were made last night. The trains and spare artillery of Wright and Warren were ordered north of the river, and thence to move as far as convenient, without excit- ing the attention of the rebels, on road toward Hanover Ferry, over the Pamunkey. Wright was directed to select his best division and move it in the night, without trains, in the sanie direction, taking care not to develop the movement to the enemy. The division was to halt at daylight, and wait for night again. Its place in the line in front of the enemy, of course, is filled up in a manner to conceal his absence. To-night the whole of the Fifth and Sixth Corps, with Crittendens division, of the Ninth Corps, also withdraw to north bank, and push forward toward same crossing. This afternoon a heavy force of cavalry moves out to the Pamunkey and seizes the ferry in question, with as many other crossings as possible, followed with all practicable rapidity by the advance division and by the Fifth and Sixth Corps. Hancock follows as soon as road is clear, His trains and spare cannon came back over the North Anna before- hand. Potters division, of the Ninth Corps, remains with him till he crosses. The Ninth Corps will form the rear guard of the new southward movement. Crittendens loss in the affair of the 24th does not exceed 450 men. Of these 150 were killed or wounded; of the remaining 300 he thinks only a few were captured, and the most of the missing are straggling in the woods. It was Ledlies I)rigade that suffered this loss, and it was attacking instead of being attacked. Ledlie attempted to take a rebel battery, and was re- l)ulsed. One of the most important results of the campaign thus far is the entire change which has taken place in the feelings of the armies. Rebels have lost all confidence, and are already morally defeated. This army has learned to believe that it is sure of vic- tory. Even our officers have ceased to regard Lee as aii invincible military genius. On part of the rebels this change is evinced, not only by their iiot attacking, even when circumstances seem to invite it, but by the unanimous statements of prisoners taken from them. Rely upon it the end is near as well as sure. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War Page 80 80 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. MANGOHICK CHURCH, Ten miles from Hanoverlown, May 27, 18645 p. m. (Received 7.30 p. in., 28th.) Everything going well. Whole army was withdrawn north of the North Anna during the night without loss or distnrbance. All the corps are now far on their way to Crossing of the Pamnnkey. The Second, Third, and Fourth Divisions of the Sixth Corps are already near this place, followed by Hancocks corps. The Fifth Corps, followed by the Ninth, has also made a long march, taking the road by Moncures plantation, and has not yet halted. At 9 a. m. Sheridan, with the First and Second Divisions of cavalry, took possession of Hanover Ferry and Hanovertown, finding there only rebel vedettes. The First Division of the Sixth Corps, under General Russell, arrived at 10 a. in., and now holds the place. By this time, no doubt, Russell has so far fortified himself as to be able, with his 6,000 men, 10,000 cavalry, and thirty cannon, to resist any attack that is likely to be made upon him. Remainder of Sixth Corps will be pressed forward to place with all possible rapidity. The men are much jaded with hard work and night marching. By to-morrow night the whole army will be south of the Pamunkey, and either the White House or New Castle will be our base of sup- plies. G& ~neral Ingalls thinks the latter. We have no news of en- emy. Weather fine, and roads perfect. C. A DANA. Hon. EDwiN NI. STANTON, Secretary of War. P. S.General Lockwood, with six regiments, 1,900 men in all, reported yesterday. His troops wer.e assigned to the Fifth Corps, except the One hundred and eighty-fourth Pennsylvania, assigned to Second Corps. Ninth New York Heavy Artillery, 1,750 strong, reported on the ~4th, and were assigned to Sixth Corps. C. A. DANA. HEADQUARTERS, Man qohick Church, May 28, 18647 a. m. (Received 6.30 p. in.) Everthing goes finely. Weather splendid, clear, and cool. Troops coming up very rapidly, and in great numbers. The whole army will be beyond the Pamunkey by noon. No news of Lees movements. Breckinridge is at Hanover Court-House with a force variously re- ported from 3,000 to 10,000 men. Wickhams and Lomaxs brigades of cavalry are also there. After seizing Hanover Ferry yesterday, Torbert captured 75 cavalrymen, including 6 officers, and might have captured more could he have caught them. Rebel cavalry is exceedingly demoralized, and flees before ours on every occasion. Total number of new troops added to this army since re-enforce- ments began to arrive is not quite 20,000. 0. A. DANA. Hon, EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War Page 81 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS, 81 HANOVERTOWN, VA., May 29, 18G48 a. m. (Received 11.30 a. in., 30th.) My last dispatch was sent to Port Royal yesterday morning. One sent from here last evening to White House has just been returned to me, my messenger having found nobody there. Movement of the army across the Pamunkey is complete, and has been executed with admirable celerity and success; Burnsides corps, for instance, marched 27 miles yesterday. Our present position is one of exceed~ ing strength, extending from Pamunkey, above Nelsons Ferry, to Totopotomoy Creek. Wright is on Pamunkey, Hancock on his left, Burnside next, and Warren on Totopotomoy. Whether enemy mean to make a stand here is not yet determined, though it seems probable. Sheridan, with Greggs and Torberts divisions of cav- alry, had a sharp light with rebel cavalry and infantry yesterday afternoon on stream known as Crumps Swamp. Sheridans men fought dismounted, attacking them at Harris (more correctly known as Haws) Shop. He drove theni west as far as place where road from Hanover Court-House forks on south bank of stream. There he I~ound them in such. force that he could drive them no farther. He lost 44 killed, including 7 officers, and 306 wounded. He found in field more dead of the rebels than of his own. Their wounded they got off. Officer of Sheridan, who was captured but escaped, reported they would attack us this morning, but they have not begun yet, and most probably will not. General Grant has ordered forces under Smith to New Castle, and will probably make no new movement till he hears from them. Orders for to-day are to let men rest. Our officers and men are in high spirits at the successful execution of this last long and difficult flank movement. It is cer- tain Lee was prepared to resist our crossing at Littlepages Ferry, but had no idea of our coming here. General Grant, however, was very doubtful of our getting across here, and told me day before yesterday that we might be obliged to go to White House to get over. A few sharpshooters here, with battery on bluff to cover open bottom through which ferry is approached on north side, would have rendered passage at this place impossible. We hear that Lee started his main force from the North Anna at 8 a. m. Friday. Our trains, which were sent back across Mattapony Thursday, are now ordered down to New Castle. Lockwood has been put in command of a newly-constituted fourth division of the Fifth Corps. Tylers division, of the Second Corps, has been broken up and distributed to other divisions; it had no proper organization, aiid none could be given it under present circumstances. General Tyler now com.~ mands a brigade. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HANOVERTOWN, VA., May 29, 18642 p. m. (Received 11.40 a. in., 30th.) Since my dispatch this morning a general reconnaissance has been ordered, and is now being executed. Precisely at noon Wright moved a division upon the road to Hanover Court-House; Hancock moved a division to Haws Shop, and thence northwardly toward Hanover Court-House, and Warren a division on the road to Shady 6 R EVOL xxxvi, PT I Page 82 82 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. ICHAP. XLVIII. Grove. Each division is to be supported, if necessary, by the corps to which it belongs. Though it is two hours since the troops started we have not yet heard a cannon. The present indications are that the rebels are beyond the Chickahominy. ~. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. Two MILES WEST OF HAws SHOP, May 30, 18641 p. m. (Received 11.45 p. in., 31st.) The general reconnaissance reported in my dispatch of 2 p. m. yes- terday found the enemy in force on Mechanicsville road south of Totopotomoy Creek, and between that stream and this place, but there were no signs of him toward Hanover Court-House. This dis- covery was made at too late an hour in the afternoon for any exten- sive movement upon his lines. This morning, however, Wright has been brought down upon the Hanover Court-House and Richmond roads, and Hancock and Warren have been sent forward, with Burn- side close upon the rear of the two latter. As yet there has been no fighting beyond that of skirmishers and advance batteries. Han- cock has takeii some prisoners, who report that Lees whole army is here, but it still remains doubtful whether his main force is north or south of the Chickahominy; that point will probably be settled be- fore dark. General Grant means to fight here if there is a fair chance, but he will not run his head against heavy works. We shall at any rate remain here through to-morrow, in order to give time for Wilson, who is ordered with his cavalry to destroy railroad bridges over Little River and the South Anna, and to break up both railroads from these rivers to this point. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. NEAR HAws SHOP, May 30, 18648 p. in (Received 7.45 p. in., 31st.) In the course of the afternoon Warren has pushed down on our left until his flank division, under Crawford, reached a point abreast of Shady Grove. Crawford having got detached from the rest of the corps was attacked and crowded back a little. The enemy then threw a force, which appears to have coiisisted of Ewells corps, upon Warrens left, attempting to turn it, but was repulsed. The engagement was short, sharp, and decisive. Warren holds his ground at a distance of 7~ miles from Richmond. He reports that he has taken a considerable number of prisoners, and that there are many rebel dead on the field. Of his own losses lie has not yet made a report. His latest dispatch says that the enemy are moving troops to his left, apparently to cover the approach to Richmond in that direction. On our right an active conflict has been raging ever since dark, but has just closed. As soon as the enemy attacked the left of Warren, Wright and Hancock were ordered to pitch in, but do not seem to have got ready until after nightfall. No report has yet been received from them. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War Page 83 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 83 NEAR HAws SHOP, May 30, 18649 p. m. (Received 6.15 p. in., June 2.) General Grant desires me to call your attention to an abuse which has existed at New Orleans, an(l possibly at Saint Louis also. When he took command of the Military Division of the Mississippi he found it in full bloom there. It consists in l)aying to officers who are lodged in the houses of rebels the regular commutation for fuel and quarters. He suggested that a general order be issued prohib- iting such commutation in all the rebellious States. It is my duty to inform you that very serious mismanagement exists in the affairs of the Ninth Army Coi~ps. The quartermasters and commissary departments and the artillery alike suffer for want of necessary administrative authority. Animals are without forage and men without rations. It was to-day ascertained that the artillery horses of the whole corps have not had their harness taken off for the last nine days. Thus, in addition to the deficiency of their usual forage, they have not been allowed to take any advantage of abundance of grass upon the way. In consequence of all this their shoulders and backs are sore, ana they cannot last much longer. General Ingalls thinks that 1,000 new horses will be immediately wanted to supply the waste thus occasioned. General Meade has to-day appointed Lieutenant-Colonel Monroe to serve temporarily as chief of artillery. for the corps. He seems to have no power to interfere in the quar- termasters department. With regard to the rations the difficulty (hoes not seem to lie with the corps commissaries, of which there are two, holding the rank of lieutenant-colonel, namely, Lieutenant- Colonel Goodrich and Lieutenant-Colonel Coale, but, with the com- manding officers, who take no measures to prevent their men from wasting their rations, or throwing them away. In fact, after the first battle, Buruside, instead of allowing his men to learn by expe- rience the wholesome lesson that rations cannot be thrown away without suffering, issued to them 50,000 extra rations to make up those disposed of. These facts are known to General Grant, and f report them to you because I think you ought to be made aware of them also. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. NEAR HAWs SHOP, Mdy 31, 18646 a. m. (Received 8.15 a. in.) In Hancocks attack last night Colonel Brooke drove the enemy out of a strongly-intrenched skirmish line, and holds it. The losses are not reported. Burusides whole corps got across Totopotomoy Creek last evening, and is in full connection with Warrens. The left of Hancocks rests upon this side of the creek. The Sixth Corps is upon Hancocks right, and threatens the left flank of the enemy. Smith ought to arrive at New Castle by noon, whence he can support War- ren and Burnside if necessary. Sheridan, with Greggs and Tor- berts divisions of cavalry, is on our left flank. Wilson is on the right and rear, for purpose reported in a former dispatch. The country hereabout is thickly wooded with pines, with few good openings. The indications this morning are that the enemy has fallen back south of the Chickahominy. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANtON, Secretary of War Page 84 84 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. NEAR HAws SHOP, May 31, 18644 p. m. (Received 6 p. in., June 1.) In the fight of yesterday evening Warren lost 500 killed and wounded. Crawford alone buried on the field 100 dead rebels. To- day our lines have been gradually pushed forward, the enemy giv- ing way without much resistance, except at a point on the Cold Harbor road, which he holds with obstinacy. Our lines now extend from the left at Bethesda Church to near the railroad at a point south of Totopotomoy Creek. There is skirmish firing and an occasional discharge of artillery in the part of the front occupied by Burnside and Hancock, but no very earnest fighting anywhere .W e are wait- ing for the return of Wilson from his railroad-destroying expedition and for the arrival of General Smith and his forces. Wilson can hardly get his work thoroughly done before to-morrow night, and Smith is delayed for his transportation and supplies. General Grant has directed him not to start till he has everything ready. A pris- oner was taken this morning from Buckners division, which he says is now a part of Longstreets corps. The main line of rebel intrench- ments in advance of Richmond, he says, is this side of the Chicka- hominy, having its strongest point at Mechanicsville. The weather is very hot and the roads exceedingly dusty. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. NEAR BETHESDA CHURCH, June 1, 186410 a. in. (Received 4.10 a. in., 2d.) About 5 p. in. yesterday Sheridan, perceiving a force of rebel cav- alry at Cold Harbor, which proved to be Fitz Lees division, at- tacked and, after a hard fight, routed it, together with Cliugmans brigade of infantry, which caine to Lees support. Sheridan re- mained in possession of the place. He report ed at dark that he had a considerable number of prisoners, and that there were many rebel dead and wounded on the field. He was ordered to hold the position, and at 10 p. in. the Sixth Corps set out to occupy it. Smiths corps, of which two divisions camped last night near New Castle, was also ordered to march upon Cold Harbor and post itself between Wright and Warren. We have not yet heard from Wright or Sheridan this morning, and do not know whether the former has got his troops to their destination. Smith must be close upon Wrights col- umn, though a mistake in the terms of his order, in which the words New Castle were inserted instead of Cold Harbor, delayed his start- ing this morning. The enemy are also moving a heavy column in the same direction. The order has just gone to Warren to fall upon their flank. Wilson had a fight last evening near Hanover Court- House with Youngs brigade of cavalry. He routed Young, killing and capturing many, but there has been a good deal of artillery firing in that direction this morning. Warreii reported last night that in his fight on Monday afternoon, near Bethesda Church, Colonel Terrill, Thirteenth Virginia, and Colonel Willis, commanding Pegrams [Doles] brigade, were killed. Colonel Christian, Forty-ninth Penn- sylvania [Virginia], was wounded and captured; so was the assistan Page 85 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 85 adjutant-general of Ramseurs brigadename not reported. Ten other commissioned officers were captured and 70 privates. Sixty rebels were buried on the field. In our center Burnside reports his advanced line as being this morning within 14 miles of Mechanics- yule. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. NEAR BETHESDA CHURCH, June 1, 18645 p. m. (Received 6.10 p. in., 2d.) General Sheridan successfully held his position at Cold Harbor, repulsing an attack of part of Longstreets corps this morning. The advance of the Sixth Corps got to Cold Harbor at 9 a. m. Wrights column was closely followed by Smiths. Wright was ordered to attack the enemy at once, but reconnoitered, skirmished, and delayed till he found, at 2p. in., that there were no longer any rebels before him. It appears, however, that they still had a part of the road be- tween Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor. As I reported in my dis- patch of 10 a. in., Warren was ordered to attack a column of the rebel infantry which was passing toward Cold Harbor, but instead of falling upon it in force he opened with artillery, and at 3 p. m. reported that the intrenchments of the enemy were exceedingly strong, and that his own lines were so long that he had no mass of troops to attack with. It seems that Wright blundered in the exe- cution of his order to march to Cold Harbor. Instead of having his advance there at 9 a. m. it was General Grants and Meades design that his whole corps should be on the ground at daylight, when a rapid attack in mass would certainly have routed the rebel force which a little later assaulted Sheridan, and an advantage might easily have been gained which, followed up by Sheridans two divisions of cav- alry, might have led to the dispersal of Lees army. Both Generals Grant and Meade are intensely disgusted with these failures of Wright and Warren. Meade says a radical change must be made, no matter how un- pleasant it may be to make it; but I doubt whether he will L~eally attempt to apply so extreme a remedy. Meanwhile the two corps have been ordered to withdraw from the lines before the enemy, and take up a position in reserve behind Warren [?J. This will give us a heavy movable column for attack or defense under a gen- eral who obeys orders without excessive reconnoitering. Sheridan, with Greggs and Torberts divisions, has moved around Lees right flank, to attack him in the rear. We are now waiting to hear Sheridans guns. General Grants present design is to crowd the rebel army south of the Chickahominy; then he means to thor- oughly destroy both the railroads up to the North Anna before he moves from here; besides, he wishes to keep the enemy so engaged here that he can detach no troops to interfere with the operations of Hunter. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War Page 86 [CHAP. XLVIII. 86 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. NEAR BETHESDA CHURCH, June 1, 18648 p. m. (Received 7 p. in., 2d.) At about 5 oclock we heard the cannon of Sheridan, and soon after Wright and Smith attacked Lees right wing with their whole force. They moved from Cold Harbor in the direction of Mechanics- ville. Judging from the sounds of artillery and musketry, the fight was furious. Our latest report from Wright is dated 7. 3u. He says he has great advantages and has taken many prisoners. At about 6 oclock Warren attacked in the center, but apparently not with much force. His firing is that of a lively skirmish. Immediately upon Wrights attack the enemy moved out oil his left against Hancock, as if to try what strength we had in that direction. He was deci- sively repulsed. Hancock followed np the repulse, but was not able to get over the rebel works, and fell back to his own lines. No de- tailed report of any of these operations has yet been received. Ames division, of Smiths corps, remains at the White House, wait- ing to be relieved by Abercrombie. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. NEAR BETHESDA CHURCH, June 2, 18646 a. m. (Received 8.45 p. in.) The details of yesterdays operations, though as yet but imper- fectly reported, are more favorable to us than my dispatch of last evening indicated. It appears that the rebels three timesjassaulted the lines of Griffin, and they came up in three lines. They were terribly slaughtered by canister, and went back in disorder every time. In Wrights attack, Ricketts, whose division held the right of the corps, took more than 500 prisoners, mainly from Beaure- gards corps, carried the rebel works before them, but withdrew afterward, on account of an enfilading infantry fire. It appears that Sheridan did not attack, his order not having reached him in time, and his troops being scattered. He will go in this morning. What we supposed to be his guns were those of Wrights left divis- ion. Hancock moved during the night to Cold Harbor, where his advance arrived about daylight. His rear is now marching past these headquarters. In conjunction with Wright and Smith, he will this morning fall upon Lees right. During the night our forces in that quarter were repeatedly assailed by strong rebel col- umns. An attack at 10 p. m. is described by a staff officer of Sniiths as more determined and valiant than any fighting during the day. The rebels gained nothing by any of these efforts. Warren and Buruside are ordered to open as soon as they hear that the three corps on our left have begun the battle. General Lockwood, command- ing Warrens left division, when ordered to attack yesterday after- noon, though in position near the enemy, and with the sound of the fight on his right and left, host his way, and was finally discovered with his division 2 miles in the rear. He has been relieved, and Grant will recommend his dismissal from the service. General Wil- son reports at 6.30 p. in. yesterday that he had destroyed the South Anna bridges of both railroads, but one of his brigades was then wholly engaged with an infantry force sent from here by Lee yes Page 87 CHAP~ XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 87 ter(lay to save them. Our line flow extends from near the Chicka- hominy to Totopotomoy Creek, but Burnside is ordered to withdraw from the right to the center as rapidly as possible. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. COLD HARBOR, VA., June 2, 18644 p. m. (Received 9 a. in., 4th.) There has been no battle to-day. Hancocks men were so tired with their nights march of nearly 12 miles from their previous posi- tion on our extreme right, and the heat and dust so oppressive, that at 2 p. m. to-day General Grant ordered the attack to be postponed till 4.30 a. ni. to-morrow. The weather is now changed, and we are having a violent rain-storm. Our entire losses yesterday were, in round numbers, 2,500 killed and wounded. The Eighteenth Corps lost 650 wounded. One of Devens brigades came out of the fight with but 3 field officers left. My report this morning that this corps had been compelled to withdraw from part of the rebel works it had carried was a mistake. On visiting tile lines to-day I found that it held them all. In capturing these lines Smith took many prisoners, and rendered easier the subsequent capture of another part of the same works by General Ricketts. The whole number of prisoners taken yesterday was about 700. The enemys losses otherwise were very heavy. The right of our lines is now at Bethesda Church, and on the left the cavalry bold down to the Chickahominy. The right wing of the rebels is commanded by Beauregard. The two bridges over the South Anna destroyed by General Wilson were between 200 and 300 feet long. Wilson fought his way out without great loss, but was obliged to leave his dead on the field. There joined this army yesterday ten old and new regiments, niaking an addi- tional force of 3,727 men. The largest of these regiments were the Twenty-first Pennsylvania [Cavalry] (dismounted), 950 men, Fourth Delaware, 503 men, and the Fourth New Hanipshire, 500 men. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. P. S.I omitted to state in cipher that Sheridan had a smart fight this morning near Gaines Mill, but was unable to force the line of the enemy, owing to the commanding position of their batteries. C.A.D. COLD HARBOR, VA., June 3, 1864. (Received 8.50 a. in., 4th.) Our forces attacked the enemy along the whole line this morning, opening at 4.30 oclock. Hancock had the left, with Barlows and Gibbons divisions in front and Birney in reserve. Next him was Wright, with his corps drawn up in three lines; next Smith, with the Eighteenth Corps in two lines; next Warren, who had his whole command in a single line, the distaiice he covered being nearly 4 miles. With this thin order of battle he was necessarily unable t Page 88 88 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. make any effective assault. Burnside had been crossed in the rear of Warrens right wing, but in attacking moved out, and also stretched himself away to the right. The fighting was pretty fair along the whole front. We gained advantages here and there. Burnside carried the exterior line of intrenchments, and took a few prisoners. Smith got very well forward to aid Wright. Barlow drove through a very strong line, and at 5 a. m. reported that he had taken intrenchments with guns and colors, but he could not stay there. An interior work commanded the one he had carried, aud his men had to come out of it, leaving behind them the cap- tured cannon, and bringing out a single rebel standard and 220 pris- oners as tokens of their brief success. At noon We had fully developed the rebel lines, and could see what was necessary in order to get through them. Hancock reported that in his front it could not be done. Wright was decidedly of opinion that a lodgmeut could be made in his front, but it would be difficult to make much by it, unless Hancock and Smith could also advance. Smith thought he could carry the work before him, but was not sanguiue. Burn- side also thought he could get through, but Warren, who was near- est him, did not seem to share his opinion. In this state of things General Grant ordered the attack to be suspended. We hold all the positions gained, except that temporarily occupied by Barlow. Of our losses no returns have yet been made. General Grant estimates the number of killed and wounded at about 3,000. Among the offi- cers killed were Colonel Haskell, Thirty-sixth Wisconsin; Colonel Porter, Eighth New York Heavy Artillery; Colonel Morris, Sixty- sixth New York. Among those wounded are General R. 0. Tyler, seriouslywill probably lose a foot; Colonel McMahon, One hun- dred and sixty-fourth New York; Colonel Byrnes, Twenty-eighth Massachusetts, probably mortally; Colonel Brooke, Fifty-third Pennsylvania. We have taken from 300 to 400 prisoners. Those of Hancock were mainly from the division of Breckinridge, who is serving under Beauregard. The weather is cool and pleasant. Showers have laid the dust. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. COLD HARBOR, June 4, 18648.30 a. m. (Received 8 p. in.) About 7 p. m. yesterday the enemy suddenly attacked Smyths brigade, of Gibbons division. The battle lasted with great fury for half an hour. The attack was unwaveringly repulsed. Smyths losses were inconsiderable. At 6 p. in., Wilson with his cavalry fell upon the rear of a brigade of Heths division, which Lee had thrown far around to his left, apparently with the intention of enveloping Burnside. After a sharp but short conflict Wilson drove them from their rifle-pits in confusion. He took a few prisoners. He had p re- viously fought with and routed Gordons brigade of rebel cavalry. During these fights he lost several officersamong them Colonel Preston, First Vermont Cavalry, killed; Colonel Benjamin, Eighth New York Cavalry, seriously wounded. General Stannard, serving in the Eighteenth Corps, was severely~ wounded yesterday. Adju- tant-General Williams reports to me that our entire losses in killed Page 89 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 89 wounded, and missing during the three days operations around Cold Harbor will not exceed 7,500. This morning the enemys left wing, in front of Buruside, is found to have been drawn in during the night. Colonel Cesnola, in command of some 5,000 men, of new and old troops, stragglers, & c., arrived here yesterday. He marched from Port Royal about a week ago. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, Va., June 4, 18647 p. m. (Received 6 p. in., 5th.) No fighting of any account to-day. Onr troops have been busy on advanced positions of Hancock, Wright, and Smith, making reg- ular siege approaches to rebel works. These labors will be continued to-night. In General Grants plan of campaign the effective de- struction of the Virginia Central Railroad is an indispensable ele- ment. Before moving from Culpeper he expected that before reach- ing the Chickahominy he would have a chance to crush Lees army by fair fighting. This would have allowed him undisturbed to destroy that road, as well as the Fredericksburg road, from the Chickahominy to the North Anna. This expectation has been foiled by Lees success in avoiding battle upon any equal terms, but before moving further in accomplishing the great object of the campaign these roads must be so destroyed that while Richmond is cut off from other lines of communication with the south, the attempt to repair and use the line through Gordonsville and Lynchburg will be hopeless. This necessity will probably detain us here some days. The work will first be attempted by Sheridan with cavalry. He moves to do it to-morrow morning. If he is not able the whole army will be swung around for the purpose, even should it be nec- essary to abandon temporarily our communications with White House. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Cold Harbor, June 5, 186410 a. m. (Received 5.30 p. in.) Enemy last night made an attack upon Hancock, Wright, and Smith, but were everywhere repulsed. The working parties of each of those three corps carried forward their approaches. Hancocks lines are thus brought within some 40 yards of the rebel works. Rebels were yesterday very busy constructing intrenchments on west side of the Chickahominy, at Bottoms Bridge, and toward evening threw a party across to east side. General Gregg thinks this party were infantry. He could no~ attack them last night, owing to the darkness, but would attack this morning. Torberts division of Page 90 90 OPET~ATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [cHAP. XLVIII. cavalry, previously ordered to our right flank, is now sent back to the left on account of this demonstration. Movement to destroy railroads is postponed, to await arrival of apparatus for the pur- pose, ordered from Washington yesterday. Since June 9, when I last reported the arrival of re-enforcements, the returns show that there have been added to this army 19,190 men. This includes Eighteenth Corps, whose field returns of yesterday show 10,324 men. Its casualties in action are 2,000, leaving 4,000 missing from its original number of 16,000 and upward. As it has lost no prison- ers these 4,000 are stragglers, most of whom will come in. At the outset of the campaign the other corps had very nearly as great a proportion of stragglers, but now they suffer much less from that cause. But even in Hancocks corps there are 1,200 men unac- counted for since the battle of Friday. Total number of this army, with cavalry included, is 115,000 fighting men. Generals Grant and Meade agree that Lees whole command here and south of Rich- mond is now 80,000, exclusive of any mere militia that may have been at Richmond. Weather cloudy. It raiiied during the night. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War, HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, Va., June 5, 18646 p. m. (Received 5 a. in., 6th.) Day passed quietly, with no fighting except an occasional rattle of musketry from the skirmish line, and now and then a cannon-shot. The Fifth Corps is ordered to move out of lines to-night and mass it- self in reserve just in rear of Cold Harbor. The Ninth Corps, which is thus left upon extreme right, is directed to refuse itself, accord- ing to the formation of the ground, from the right of the Eighteenth Corps, near the Woody house, in the direction of Old Church, cross- ing the Matadequin about Allens Mill. Two divisions of the Cav- alry Corps are to be held ready to move up the railroad on morn- ing of the 7th, to destroy them from the nearest practicable point to South Anna. Thence the cavalry moves to Charlottesville, and thence send forward force to communicate with General Hunter and to destroy railroad bridges southward. General Hunter is to be ordered to return from his expedition to Lynchburg, and ~oimng Sheridans command, aid in the thorough destruction of the Virginia Central, moving along its line in this direction. Having accom- plished that work he is to join this army. The cavalry division which Sheridan leaves behind here will have to cover both our flanks, but the task will be made easy by new position of Ninth Corps on our right, while on left Second Corps is to extend its pickets down the Chickahominy, and thus relieve some of the cavalry heretofore em- ployed in that direction. Sheridan thinks we shall have no difficulty in crossing the Chickahominy at Jones Bridge and below. Weather clearing up. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON. Secretary of War Page 91 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 91 COLD HARBOR, June 6, 18647 a. m. (Received 12.30 p. in.) At 8.30 last evening we had a sudden assault on Wrights and Hancocks lines. The firing lasted for twenty minutes, and was very loud, but it was all about nothing, and no harm was done. The lines are very close, and in the dark our men thought the enemy was coming out to attack. At one place Wrights troops report that a line of battle actually came over the rebel intrenchments, but I suppose it was a false alarm. Everything is going on well. War- ren s corps got out of the lines last night, and is now camped about a mile in the rear of this place. Burnside took up his new position without difficulty. The cavalry will move to-morrow morning. Weather clear, with a pleasant breeze. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OP THE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 18649 a. m. (Received 9.05 p. in.) No fighting since my dispatch of yesterday morning except on skirmish line, with exception of an onslaught on Burnside just after midnight, which was successfully repulsed, and a rush made in the afternoon by party of 100 picked men of the enemy, who came to find out what was the meaning of Hancocks advancing siege lines. me of the party were captured; the rest either killed or driven back. Greggs and Torberts divisions of cavalry set out under Sheri- dan at 3 a. m. Wilson, having had a great deal of hard work of late, is left behind to guard our flanks. Sheridan says he will be happy to have Colonel Wade assigned to his staff. Bodies of Col- onels Morris, Porter, Haskell, and McKeen have been sent to Wash- im~igton. General Grant is embarrassed by operations of the party sent without consulting him to repair York railroad. He has never intended to use that road, and does not wish to leave its iron to be em- ployed by the enemy in restoring his own broken communications. He is now nearly ready to strike for the James, but may be kept a day or two to remove rails from this road and send them to the Pamunkey. I spent several hours yesterday at the White House. The immense amount of work is generally as well done as could be expected, but General Abercrombie seems bewildered and lost in the midst of it. The place has been fortified by three or four small re- doubts, to be connected by rifle-pits, but an officer of General But- ler, who came in from Windsor Shades on Chickahominy, told me General Abercrombie had no pickets out in that direction; neither had he any force at the very important point of Cumnberland, on Pamunkey, below. General Grant says that as he means to stay here but a very short time, he does not think it necessary to send new commander to take Abercrombies place. With regard to the French officers, General Grant says he does not want them. He will send formal declaration if you wish. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War Page 92 92 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. COLD HARBOR, June 7, 18647 p. m. (Received 1.30 p. in., 8th.) Nothing of importance since morniug. Rebels made attack upon Burnside, but it was of no consequence. Crittenden has asked to be relieved, for the reason that his division is not equal to his rank, many of his juniors being in higher commands. He Is relieved, and ordered to report to the Adjutant-General. I think he has been in mental trouble for some time because his division is small, and also belongs to corps containing negro troops. I omitted to report in dispatch this morning that the steamers Connecticut and State of Maine are not clean enough to transport wounded. On State of Maine I saw one bed which had become saturated from its former occupants, and was now putrid, containing maggots. On the Connecticut I also saw beef, cut up for wounded, so fat and gristly that even the well could not eat it. Richmond papers of yesterday say that on Friday last they captured 300 prisoners from this army. I send herewith the sequel of the correspondence between Generals Grant and Lee. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS, Gold Harbor, Va., June 7, 18648.30 p. m. (Received 1 p. in., 8th.) Richmond Examiner of to-day speaks of the defeat of General W. E. Jones by General Hunter, 12 miles beyond Staunton, Va. General Jones killed on the field. His successor retired to Waynes- borough, and now holds mountains between Charlottesville and Staunton. The paper further states that no hospitals nor stores were captured by Huuter. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Gold Harbor, Va., June 8, 18644 p. m (Received 3.40 a. in., 10th.) No fighting since my dispatch of last evening except some picket- firing and occasional discharges of artillery. Two divisions of the Fifth Corps now picket the Chickahominy from Hancocks left be- yond Bottoms Bridge. Rebel pickets previously stationed on this side of the river have been driven across. Warren reports that rebels have two guns at Bottoms Bridge, but crossing can be seized without serious difficulty. Two officers of General Grants staff are now with General Butler, making preparatory arrangements for the movement of this army to Bermuda Hundred. They ought to be back to-morrow. Possibly the march may begin to-morrow night. Orders to take up the iron of York River Railroad were sent last night. Soon as road is opened to the Chickahominy the bars are to be removed, beginning near the Chickahominy, and carried to Whit Page 93 CRAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 93 House for shipment. Engineers report that whole track can be cleared off by to-morrow night. Colonel Porters body was sent from the White House to Washington on Monday. Colonel Seward is well and with his regiment. The correspondent of a Cincinnati newspaper was paraded through the lines to-day, on horseback, by the provost- marshal guard. On his back and breast were big placards, inscribed, Libeler of the Press. His offense was reporting that after the bat- tle of the Wilderness Meade desired to take a course which would have destroyed the nation, but which Grant prohibited. Punish- ment, incln in expulsion from the lines, was inflicted by General Meades order. Armistice proposed by Lee took place last night. Killed and wounded between lines were gathered in. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF TILE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, Va., June 9, 1864noon. (Received 1.30 p. in., 10th.) I subjoin a communication just sent in from Colonel Sharpe, deputy provost-marshal-general, to chief of staff, Arniy of the, Po- tomac: Among prisoners sent in during the night we have a German refugee from Rich~ mond, a man of weak intellect and not intelligent. His statements, as far as they go, are made with apparent truth and simplicity. He left Richmond on the Brook pike Monday morning, passing Yellow Tavern, thence out, say 15 miles, from Rich- mond, when he bent his course to the right and came into our cavalry. His state- ments regarding the condition of the city, absence of troops there, closing of depart- ments and stores, location of the reserve supplies of pork and flour, influx of citizens from the part of the State north of Richmond, of the capture of Staunton, and death of the general commanding there, failure of provisions during time Peters- burg and Danville road was lately held or cut by us, are substantially the same as information received from refugee a few days ago, and reported with that received yesterday concerning Hunter. This man in passing up the Brook pike passed no troops after leaving the immediate defenses of Richmond. We have also 3 men from Ransoms (North Carolina) brigade (lately belonging to Beauregards command), who have come to our lines with the avowed purpose of availing themselves of the Presidents proclamation. One of them is a sergeant, and a man of considerable in- telligence. Ransoms brigade came from the Bluff on the 4th instant, passed to the right of Richmond, and was seen by the sergeant day before yesterday just below Bottoms Bridge, on the Chickahominy. On arriving there it relieved the Rich- mond City battalion, which was understood to return within the line of the city defenses. Ransoms brigade consists of five regiments, which has not seen hard service since it left Lees army in January, 1863, and averages 450 to 500 men to the regiment. Sergeant estimates the brigade at 3,000. He knows of Hokes division (formerly Whiting~s) having joined Lee before his brigade left Beauregard. He says it was understood when Ransom left that but one division, of three or four bri- gades (he does not know which), was left in front of General Butler. ~ heard his officers generally talk about it, and express themselves to that effect. It is a divis- ion known us Bushrod Johnsons. Below position now occupied by Ransoms bri- gade he says there is nothing but cavalry. Fitzhugh Lees division is represented to be about 2,500 strong. What above Ransoms he cannot tell. Says during time Butler occupied railroad there was failure of meat in the issues to troops, and great scarcity of flour. Principal facts stated above are confirmed by various other evi- dence, and are most probably correct. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, C. A. DANA. Secretary of War Page 94 [CHAP. XLVIII. 94 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, June 9, 18644 p. m (Received 2.05 p. in., 10th.) Everything quiet except picket-firing, which cannot be prevented when lines are so close together. Not more than half dozen cannon- shots to-day. Our engineers, under General Barnard, are now at work on an inner line of intrenchments, to cover the withdrawal of the army from this position. Very probably this movement will be- gin to-morrow night. During truce of Tuesday evening our men brought from between lines 2 wounded men and 432 dead. They had lain there since Friday previous. General Meade is very much troubled at the report that after the battle of the Wilderness he counseled retreat. This is entirely untrue. He has not shown any weakness of the sort since moving from Culpeper, nor once intimated a doubt as to the successful issue of the campaign. ~. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. COLD HARBOR, June 9, 18649 a. m (Received 3.20 a. ni., 10th.) Nothing important since my dispatch of last evening. C. A. DANA. Hon. E. M. STANTON. COLD HARBOR, VA., June 9, 186410 p. in (Received 2.30 a. in., 10th.) All quiet here since my last dispatch. A deserter who caine into our lines this afternoon reports that Hunters victory at Stanuton was much more complete than the Richmond papers reported. Hunter took twenty cannon, many prisoners, aiid great quantities of stores. The force he defeated was recently a part of the command of Breckinridge. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, Va., June 10, 18649 a.m. (Received 1.30 a. in., 11th.) All quiet; even picket-firing has stopped. General Grant is waiting for report of Lieutenant-Colonel Coinstock and Lieutenant- Colonel Porter, the officers sent Tuesday to General Butler, before deciding as to movement of the army. Possibly it may be necessary to send an army corps to General Butler in order to make his posi- tion perfectly safe, while this army is moving to James River, and Lee is temporarily released froni danger of being attacked. Should this be necessary, the mass of our force may remain here for severa Page 95 CHAP. XLVIII.] GENERAL REPORTS. 95 days yet, but if Butler is all safe at, Bermuda Hundred and City Point, we shall move more promptly. General Grant does not expect to be able to cross the Chickahominy any higher than Long Bridge, but will try to get over at Bottoms Bridge and secure road connected with that crossing. Bars will not be completely removed from the York River Railroad before Sunday. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. COLD HARBOR, VA., June 11, 18644 p. m. (Received 11.10 a. in., 12th.) Rebel cavalry having yesterday lna(le a dash iuto Wilsons hues near the Linney house, Wilson this morning seut out a part of McIntoshs brigade to see where enemy was. Their pickets were driven back, and their outer line forced, the cavalry passiug over the intrenchments. About a mile west of Bethesda Church, McIn- tosh came upon Fields division of infantry, and having accom- plished the purpose of his reconnaissance, retired. He killed and wounded number of rebels in his progress; brought away 4 or 5 pris- oners. He had 16 men killed and wounded. The return of Gen- eral Grants officers from Fort Monroe is constantly expected. No order for movement of the army will be given until their arrival. It is pretty much decided, however, that Eighteenth Corps shall go first, turning to City Point via the Windsor Shades, thence proceed~ ing down Chickahominy on steamers. Time for arrival of this corps at City Point, and even for its march to Petersburg, will probably be given before other corjj~ here set out. Weather somewhat cloudy. Rain threatened. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, C. A. DANA. Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, Va., June 12, 18649 a. m. (Received 8.30 p. in.) Colonels Comstock and Porter arrived here 2 p. m. Army moves to-night after dark. Eighteenth Corps moves to White House with- out baggage or artillery to embark for City Point. Fifth Corps crosses the Chickahominy at Long Bridge, and takes up position to secure passage of remainder of the army, after which it will cover the rear. Second, Sixth, and Ninth Corps cross in two colnmns at Long Bridge and Jones Bridge. Trains keep to east and cross below Jones if good place can be found. If not opposed by enemy in force, column will strike James River opposite Bermuda Hundred. If resisted, they will move to point opposite Fort Powhatan. Gen- eral Butler has been ordered to throw a bridge aiid corduroy the marsh at the latter point. Whole army will leave lines here at once. The movement here will probably be covered by Sixth Corps taking position in the new interior intrenchments, but this order ha~ not yet been given, White House will be held until arrival o Page 96 [CHAP. XLVIII. OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Sheridan and Hunter, in order to secure for them the railroad bridge over the Pamunkey, but Abercrombie is relieved and General Getty appointed to command there. Weather cold and windy. No rain. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Cold Harbor, Va., June 12, 186412 noon. (Received 5 a. in., 13th.) General Owen is under arrest for misconduct in face of the enemy and ordered to Fort Monroe, where court will sit to try him. Same court will try General Ward. General Eustis is relieved of his command and ordered to Washington. He is to be informed that if he does not resign, charges of neglect of duty and general inefficiency will be preferred against him. He is said to eat opium. General Grant desires me to say that he wishes General Slocuin should r~emain in command at Vicksburg. General Grant has in- formation, on which he relies, that General Slocum is making war on a den of thieves who have their seat there, aiid wishes that lie should be left to straighten them out. Among these people is Fields, the commissioner of abandoned plantations. A son of Adjutant- General is said to be a partner with Fields in some knavish specula- tions. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. MooDys, 4 MILES FROM LONG BRIDGE, June 12, 18647 p. in. (Received S a. in., 13th.) Everything going on perfectly. Warrens troops moving rap- idly forward. Will reach the crossing soon after dark. Weather splendid. C. A. DANA. Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. MAY 4-JUNE 12, 1864.Campaign from the Rapidan to the James River, Va. SUIVtMAIRY OF TIELIE PRINCIPAL IEVENTS.* lVIay 4, 1864.Advance of the Army of the Potomac. Skirmish near Chancellorsville. 5 7, 1864.Battle of the Wilderness (including combats at Parkers Store, Craigs Meeting-House, the Brock Road, Todds Tavern, the Furnaces, & c.). 7, 1864.Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson, C. S. Army, assigned to com- mand of the First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. 8, 1564.Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Third Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. * Of some of the minor conflicts noted in this Summary no circumstantial reports are on file. All such are designated in the Index Page 97 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 97 May 821, l864.Operations about Spotsylvania Court-House (including combats at Todds Tavern, Corbins Bridge, Alsops Farm, and Laurel Hill (8th); the Ny River and the Po River (10th); the Angle or the Salient (12th); Piney Branch Church (15th); Harris Farm (19th); Stanards Mill and Guineys Station (21st), & c.). 9, 1864.Brig. Gen. Horatio G. Wright, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Sixth Army Corps. 924, l864.Sheridans expedition from Todds Tavern to the James River (including combats at Davenport (9th); Beaver Dam Station, North Anna, and Davenport Ford (9th and 10th); Ground Squirrel Bridge or Church, Glen Allen Station, Ashland, and Yellow Tavern (11th); Meadow Bridges, Mechanicsville, Straw- berry Hill, Brook Church or Richmond Fortifications (12th)~ and skirmishes en route at Mattapony Church, Jones Bridge, Haxalls, White House Landing, Hanover Court-House, & c.). 22June 1, lS64.Operations on the line of the North Anna, the Painunkey, and the Totopotomoy Rivers (including combats at Quarles Mills, Ox Ford, and Jericho Bridge, or Ford, or Mills, on the North Anna (May 23-26); Hanover Junction, Sextons Station, Mount Carniel Church, Dabneys Ferry, Hanovertown, Little River, Pole Cat Creek, and Salem Church (May 27); Aenon Church, Jones Farm, Crumps Creek, and Haws Shop (May 28); Totopotomoy River (May 2831); Matadequin Creek, Old Church, Shady Grove, and Armstrongs Farm (May 30); Mechumps Creek, Shallow Creek, Turners Farm, and Bethesda Church (May 31); Ashland (June 1), & c.). 24, 1864.The Ninth Army Corps assigned to the Army of the Potomac. 29, 1564.Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. 31June 12, lSO4.Operations at and about Cold Harbor.* June 3, l864.Action at Haws Shop. Skirmish near Vias House. 724, 1864.The Trevilian Raid (including combats at Trevilian Station and Newark or Mallorys Cross-Roads (11th and 12th); King and Queen Court-House (18th and 20th); White House or Saint Peters Church, and Black Creek or Tunstalls Station (21st); Jones Bridge (23d); and Saint Marys Church (24th), & c.). 10, 1864.Skirmish at Old Church. 12, 1864.Action at Long Bridge. Skirmish at White House Landing. IREPOIRTS, ETC. THE UNION ARMY. No. l.Organization of the forces operating against Richmond, under Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, on the morning of May 5, 1864. No. 2.Return of Casualties. No. 3.Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Poto- mac. No. 4.Surg. Thomas A. McParlin, U. S. Army, Medical Director, including opcrations January 14-July 31. No. S.Surg. Edward B. Dalton, U. S. Army, Chief Medical Officer of Depot Field Hospital. * The battles of Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church were fought Juno 1s, 7 R RVOL XXXVI, PT Page 98 98 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. No. 6.Asst. Surg. Thomas G. Mackenzie, U. S. Army, Acting Medical Purveyor, including operations April 9-June 17. No. 7.Brig. Gen. Rufus Ingalls, U. S. Army, Chief Quartermaster. No. 8.Brig. Gen. Marsena R. Patrick, U.S. Army, commanding Provost Guard. No. 9.Maj. Benjamin F. Fisher, Chief Signal Officer. No. 10.Brig. Gen. Henry J. Hunt, U. S. Army, Chief of Artillery. No. 11.Maj. Nathaniel Michier, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Acting Chief Engineer. No. 12.Brig. Gen. Henry W. Benham, U. S. Army, commanding Engineer Bri- gade. No. 13.Lieut. Col. Ira Spaulding, Fiftieth New York Engineers, including open- ations April 29June 30. No. 14.Capt. George H. Mendell, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, commanding U. S. Engineer Battalion. No. 15.Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, U. S. Army, commanding Second Army Corps, with statement of guns captured and lost from May 3 to Novem- ber 1, and list of colors captured and lost from May 4 to November 1. No. 16.Brig. Gen. Francis A. Barlow, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations June 3. No. 17.Brig. Gen. Nelson A. Miles, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 18.Maj. Nathan Church, Twenty-sixth Michigan Infantry. No. 19.Maj. James E. Larkin, Fifth New Hampshire Infantry, of operations May 31June 12. No. 20.Maj. George Hogg, Second New York Heavy Artillery. No. 21.Col. Joseph N. G. Whistler, Second New York Heavy Artillery, of oper- ations June 11. No. 22.Maj. George W. Scott, Sixty-first New York Infantry. No. 23.Lient. James E. Deno, Eighty-first Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 24.Capt. Thomas Henry, One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 25.Lient. Col. George T. Egbert, One hundred and eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 26.Itinerary of the Second Brigade, May 331. No. 27.Capt. James Fleming, Twenty-eighth Massachusetts Infantry. No. 28.Capt. Alexander Watts, Sixty-third New York Infantry. No. 29.Capt. John Smith, Eighty-eighth New York Infantry, commanding Sixty- third New York Infantry. No. 30.Maj. Richard Moroney, Sixty-ninth New York Infantry. No. 31.-Capt. Robert H. Milliken, Sixty-ninth New York Infantry. No. 32.Lieut. Col. Denis F. Burke, Eighty-eighth New York Infantry. No. 33.Capt. Garrett Nowlan, One hundred and sixteenth Pennsylvania In- fantry. No. 34.Itinerary of the Third Brigade, May 331. No. 35.Capt. David A. Allen, Thirty-ninth New York Infantry. No. 36.Capt. George Degener, Fifty-second New York Infantry. No. 37.Capt. I. Hart Wilder, One hundred and twenty-sixth New York luf an- try, commanding Fifty-seventh New York Infantry. No. 38.Capt. Marcus W. Murdock, One hundred and eleventh New York In- fantry. No. 39.Capt. Nelson Penfield, One hundred and twenty-fifth New York Infantry. No. 40.Capt. John B. Geddis, One hundred and twenty-sixth New York In- fantry. No. 41.Brig. Gen. John R. Brooke, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Brigade. No. 42.Lieut. Col William Glenny, Sixty-fourth New York Infantry, command- ing Fourth Brigade Page 99 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 99 No. 43.Maj. Edward A. Springsteed, Seventh New York Heavy Artillery. No. 44.Lient. Col. William Glenny, Sixty-fourth New York Infantry. No. 45.Lieut. Simon Pincus, Sixty-sixth New York Infantry. No. 46.Capt. James Patton, Fifty-third Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 47.Capt. James H. Hamlin, One hundred and forty-fifth Pennsylvania In- fantry. No. 48.Capt. James F. Weaver, One hundred and forty-eighth Pennsylvania In- fantry. No. 49.Maj. Gen. John Gibbon, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 5O.~Brig. Gen. Alexander S. Webb, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations May 812. No. 51.Capt. Joseph W. Spaulding, Nineteenth Maine Infantry. No. 52.Maj. Timothy OBrien, One hundred and fifty-second New York Infantry, Second Brigade. No. 53.Licut. Col. William Davis, Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of oper- ations May 313. No. 54.Brig. Gen. Samuel S. Carroll, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade, of operations May 313. No. 55.Col. Thomas A. Smyth, First Delaware Infantry, commanding Third Bri- gade, of operations May 17June 12. No. 56.Capt. John C. Broatch, Fourteenth Connecticut Infantry. No. 57.Col. Theodore G. Ellis, Fourteenth Connecticut Infantry. No. 55.Col. Mathew Murphy, One hundred and eighty-second New York Infan- try (Sixty-ninth New York National Guard Artillery), commanding Fourth Brigade, of operations May 1718. No. 59.Col. James P. Melvor, One hundred and seventieth New York Infantry, commanding Fourth Brigade, of operations May 18-June 6. No. 60.Col. John Ramsey, Eighth New Jersey Infantry, commanding Fourth Brigade, of operations June 412. No. 61.Maj. Erastus M. Spaulding, Eighth New York Heavy Artillery, of oper- ations May 18June 11. No. 62.Maj. John Byrne, One hundred and fifty-fifth New York Infantry, of operations May 13June 12. No. 63.Maj. John Beattie, One hundred and sixty-fourth New York Infantry, of operations May 17June 12. No. 64.Col. James P. Melvor, One hundred and seventieth New York Infantry, of operations May 11-June 12. No. 65.Capt. John Coonan, One hundred and eighty-second New York Infantry (Sixty-ninth New York National Guard Artillery), of operations May 17June 11. No. 66.Itinerary of the Third Division. No. 67.Brie. Gen. P. Regis de Trobriand, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 68.Capt. Madison M. Cannon, Fortieth New York Infantry. No. 69.Licut. Col. Casper W. Tyler, One hundred and forty-first Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 70.Col. Elijah Walker, Fourth Maine Infantry, commanding Second Bri- gade, of operations May 1920. No. 71.Maj. Samuel McConihe, Ninety-third New York Infantry. No. 72.Licut. Col. William B. Neeper, Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 73.Capt. John Wilson, First U. S. Sharpshooters. No. 74.Brig. Gen. Gershom Mott, U.S. Army, of the conduct of the Third Bri- gade May 15 and operations May 30. No. 75.Col. Robert McAllister, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry, commanding First Brigade, Fourth Division, of operations May 313 Page 100 100 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND iN. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. No. 76.Lieut. Col. John Schoonover, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry, of oper- ations May 420. No. 77.Col. Robert McAllister, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry, of operations May 21June 12. No. 78.Capt. Thomas C. Godfrey, Fifth New Jersey Infantry. No. 79.Capt. Thomas C. Thompson, Seventh New Jersey Infantry. No. 80.Itinerary of the Fourth Brigade, May 331. No. 81.Lieut. Col. Michael W. Burns, Seventy-third New York Infantry. No. 82.Lieut. Col. George Zinn, Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 83.Col. John C. Tidball, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade. No. 84.Capt. Edwin B. Dow, Sixth Maine Battery. No. 85.Capt. J. Henry Sleeper, Tenth Massachusetts Battery. No. 86.Capt. Frederick M. Edgell, First New Hampshire Battery. No. 87.Capt. A. Judson Clark, Battery B, First New Jersey Light Artillery, of operations May 12June 11. No. 88.Capt. Nelson Ames, Battery G, First New York Light Artillery. No. 89.Capt. John B. Vande Wiele, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery. No. 90.Capt. James H. Wood, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery, commanding Mortar Battery, of operations June 111. No. 91.Capt. John E. Burton, Eleventh New York Battery. No. 92.Capt. George F. McKnight, Twelfth New York Battery. No. 93.Capt. R. Bruce Ricketts, Battery F, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery. No. 94.Capt. T. Fred. Brown, Battery B, First Rhode Island Light Artillery. No. 95.Lieut. John W. Roder, Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery. No. 96.Lieut. James Gilliss, Batteries C and I, Fifth U. S. Artillery. No. 97.Lient. Richard Metcalf, Fifth U. S. Artillery, commanding section, of operations May 12. No. 98.Journal of Ma]. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren, U. S. Army, commanding Fifth Army Corps. No. 99.Itinerary of the Fifth Army Corps. No. 100.Capt. William F. Drum, Second U. S. Infantry, Chief Ambulance Officer, including operations to June 30. No. 101.Itinerary of the First Division, Brig. Gen. Charles Griffin, U. S. Army, commanding. No. 102.Itinerary of the First Brigade, Brig. Gen. Romeyn B. Ayres, U. S. Army, commanding. No. 103.Ma]. John D. Lentz, Ninety-first Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 104.Col. Alfred L. Pearson, One hundred and fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Infan- try. No. 105.Lient. Col. Joseph F. Ramsey, One hundred and eighty-seventh Penn- sylvania Infantry, of operations June 57. No. 106.Col. William S. Tilton, Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry, Second Brigade. No. 107.Ma]. Mason W. Burt, Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry. No. 108.Ma]. James A. Cunningham, Thirty-second Massachusetts Infantry. No. 109.Ma]. Oliver B. Knowles, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry (dismounted), of operations June 112. No. 110.Brig. Gen. Joseph J. Bartlett, U.S. Army, commanding Third Brigade, of operations May 7. No. 111.Ma]. Ellis Spear, Twentieth Maine Infantry. No. 112.Lient. Col. William B. White, Eighteenth Massachusetts Infantry, of operations May 423. No. 113.Capt. Benjamin F. Meservey, Eighteenth Massachusetts Infantry, of oper- ations May 23-June 12 Page 101 CHAP. XLVIIT.] RAPIT)AN TO THE JAMES. 101 No. 114.Lieut. Col. William A. Throop, First Michigan Infantry. No. 115.Capt. Guy W. Fuller, Sixteenth Michigan Infantry. No. 116.Maj. Edward B. Knox, Forty-fourth New York Infantry. No. 117.Lieut. Col. De Witt C. McCoy, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers. No. 118.Lieut. Col. Charles P. Herring, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylva- nia Infantry. No. 119.Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations May 3-8. No. l20.Itinerary of the First Brigade, May 330. No. 121 .Col. Richard Coulter, Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations May 3-9. No. 122.Col. Richard N. Bowerman, Fourth Maryland Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations May 823. No. 123.Col. Samuel A. Graham, Purnell Legion, Maryland Infantry, command- ing Second Brigade (late Third Brigade). No. 124.Co]. Richard N. Bowerman, Fourth Maryland Infantry. No. 125.Brig. Gen. Samuel W. Crawford, U. S. Army, commanding Third Divis- ion, of operations May 18. No. 126.Capt. Joseph B. Pattee, Tenth Pennsylvania Reserves, Chief of Pioneers, of operations May 2122. No. 127.Lient. Col. Michael Wiedrich, Fifteenth New York Heavy Artillery, In- dependent Brigade (late First Brigade, Artillery Reserve.) No. 128.Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Division. No. 129.Capt. Frank H. Cowdrey, Assistant Adjutant-General, U. S. Army, of operations of Fourth Division May 5-6. No. l3O.Itinerary of the First Brigade. No. 131.Maj. Merit C. Welsh, Seventh Indiana Infantry. No. 132.Lient. Col. Rufus R. Dawes, Sixth Wisconsin Infantry, of operations May 7-25. No. 133.Col. J. William Hofmann, Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, command ing Second Brigade. No. 134.Capt. James E. Baily, Third Delaware Infantry, of operations May 29- June 7. No. 135.Capt. Alphons Serviere, Forty-sixth New York Infantry, of operations May 30-June 12. No. 136.Lieut. Col. John E. Cook, Seventy-sixth New York Infantry. No. 137.Maj. Robert W. Bard, Ninety-fifth New York Infantry. No. 138.Lient. Col. George Ilarney, One hundred and forty-seventh New York Infantry. No. 139.Maj. John T. Jack, Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 140.Capt. Thomas E. Carter, One hundred and fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations June 1-July 30. No. 141.Brig. Gen. Edward S. Bragg, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 142.Col. Charles S. Wainwright, First New York Light Artillery, command- ing Artillery Brigade. No. 143.Lieut. Robert B. Rogers, Battery B, First New York Light Artillery. No. 144.Licut. Lester I. Richardson, Battery D, First Nexv York Light Artillery. No. 145.Capt. Charles E. Mink, Battery H, First New York Light Artillery. No. 146.Lient. Charles L. Anderson, Battery L, First New York Light Artillery. No. l47.Itinerary of the Sixth Army Corps. No. 148.Maj. Henry R. Dalton, Assi+stant Adjutant-General, U.S. Army, of oper- ations of First Division. No. l49.Itinerary of the First Brigade. No. 150.Capt. Baldwin Hufty, Fourth New Jersey Infantry Page 102 102 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIIT. No. 151.Brig. Gen. Emory Upton, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 152.Col. Oliver Edwards, Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry, command- ing Third Brigade. No. 153.Itinerary of the Second Division. No. 154.Brig. Gen. George W. Getty, U.S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 155.Brig. Gen. Frank Wheaton, U.S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 156.Maj. Thomas McLaughlin, One hundred and second Pennsylvania In- fantry. No. 157.Maj. Robert Munroe, One hundred and thirty-ninth Pennsylvania In- fantry. No. 158.Brig. Gen. Lewis A. Grant, U.S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 159.Col. Thomas 0. Seaver, Third Vermont Infantry, of operations May 46. No. 160.Lient. Col. Stephen M. Pingree, Fourth Vermont Infantry, of operations May 4-25. No. 161.Capt. Eugene A. Hamilton, Fifth Vermont Infantry, of operations, May 47. No. 162.Capt. Friend H. Barney, Fifth Vermont Infantry, of operations May 820. No. 163.Lient. Col. Oscar A. Hale, Sixth Vermont Infantry, of operations May 56. No. 164.Lieut. Col. Reuben C. Benton, Eleventh Vermont (First Heavy Artillery), of operations May 17June 10. No. 165.Brig. Gen. Daniel D. Bidwell, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 166.Itinerary of the Fourth Brigade. No. 167.Itinerary of the Third Division. No. 168.Brig. Gen. William H. Morris, U.S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations May 4-9. No. 169.Col. William S. Truex, Fourteenth New Jersey Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations May 9-June 11. No. 170.Maj. Charles G. Chandler, Tenth Vermont Infantry, of operations June 16. No. 171.Brig. Gen. Truman Seymour, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of operations May 5-6 No. 172.Col. J. Warren Keifer, One hundred and tenth Ohio Infantry, command- ing Second Brigade. No. 173.Col. John W. Horn, Sixth Maryland Infantry. No. 174.Maj. Charles Burgess, Ninth Nexv York Heavy Artillery, of operations May 26-June 3. No. 175.Lient. Col. Otho H. Binkley, One hundred and tenth Ohio Infantry. No. 176,-Col. William H. Ball, One hundred and twenty-second Ohio Infantry. No. 177.Licut. Col. Aaron W. Ebright, One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio In~ fantry. No. 1 ~8.Col. Matthew R. McClennan, One hundred and thirty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 179.Daily Memoranda of Artillery Brigade, commanded by Col. Charles H. Tompkins, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, May 4-June 4. No. 180.Capt. Charles W. White, Fourth Maine Battery. No. 181.Capt. Greenleaf T. Stevens, Fifth Maine Battery. No. 182.Lient. Jacob Federhen, First Massachusetts Battery. No. 183.Lient. Augustin N. Parsons, Battery A, First New Jersey Light Artillery, of operations June 111. No. 184.Capt. Andrew Cowan, First New York Battery. No. 185.Capt. William A. Ham, Third New York Battery. No. 186.Licut. Jacob H. Lamb, Battery C, First Rhode Island I~ight Artillery. No. 187.Capt. William B. Rhodes, Battery E, First Rhode Island Light Artillery Page 103 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 103 No. 188.Capt. George W. Adams, Battery G, First Rhode Island Light Artillery. No. 189.Capt. James McKnight, Battery M, Fifth U. S. Artillery. No. 190.Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, U. S. Army, commanding Cavalry Corps, including operations April 6August 4. No. 191.Brig. Gen. Alfred T. A. Torbert, U. S. Army, commanding First Divis- ion, including operations May 4-July 1. No. 192.Brig. Gen. Wesley Merritt, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations May 7-26. No. 193.Brig. Gen. George A. Custer, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, in- cluding operations May 4-July 1. No. 194.Lieut. Col. Peter Stagg, First Michigan Cavalry, of operations May 425. No. 195.Col. Russell A. Alger, Fifth Michigan Cavalry, including operations May 4-July 3. No. 196.Maj. Alexander Walker, Seventh Michigan Cavalry, including operations May 27-July 1. No. 197.Col. Thomas C. Devin, Sixth New York Cavalry, commanding Second Brigade, including operations May 4-July 2. No. 198.Col. Alfred Gibbs, Nineteenth New York Cavalry (First Dragoons), com- manding Reserve Brigade, of operations May 5-26. No. 199.Brig. Gen. Wesley Merritt, U.S. Army, commanding Reserve Brigade, of operations May 26-June 25. No. 200.Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg, U.S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations May 4-July 7. No. 201.Brig. Gen. Henry E. Davies, jr., U. S. Army, commanding First Bri- gade, including operations April 29-July 4. No. 202.Col. Johu W. Kester, First New Jersey Cavalry, of operations May 4 August 17. No. 203.Col. J. Irvin Gregg, Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding Sec- ond Brigade, including operations April 29July 6. No. 204.Itinerary of the First Maine Cavalry, May 1June 24. No. 205.Lient. Col. Joseph P. Brinton, Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, including operations April 29-July 4. No. 206.Itinerary of thc Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, May 5-June 30. ~ No. 207.Itinerary of the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, May 1June 30. No. 208.Itinerary of the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, May 1June 30. No. 209.Itinerary of the Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, May 1June 30. No. 210.Brig. Gen. James H. Wilson, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, including operations April 7-June 16. No. 211.Capt. Louis Siebert, Assistant Adjutant-General, U. S. Army, of oper- ations of Third Division May 39. No. 212.Col. John B. McIntosh, Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding First Brigade, including operations May 5-June 22. No. 213.Maj. George 0. Marcy, First Connecticut Cavalry, of operations June 110. No. 214.Lieut. Col. Charles C. Suydam, Third New Jersey Cavalry. No. 215.Lient. Col. John Hammond, Fifth New York Cavalry, of operations May 17. No. 216.Lient. Col. George A. Pnrington, Second Ohio Cavalry. No. 217.Col. George H. Chapman, Third Indiana Cavalry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 218.Lient. Alexander C. M. Penningt.n, Battery M, Second U. S. Artillery, First Brigade, Horse Artillery, including operations April 16May 31. No. 219.Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, U. S. Army, commanding Ninth Army Corps Page 104 104 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII No. 220.Itinerary of the First Division. No. 221.Brig. Gen. James H. Ledlie, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 222.Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Barnes, Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 223.Capt. Albert F. Thomas, Second Maine Battery. No. 224.Capt. Joseph W. B. Wright, Fourteenth Massachusetts Battery. No. 225.Lient. John M. Deane, Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Infantry, of oper- ations May 29-June 3. No. 226.Col. Elisha G. Marshall, Fourteenth New York Heavy Artillery, com- manding Provisional Brigade, of operations May 13 and June 23. No. 227.Brig. Gen. Robert B. Potter, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 228.Capt. Percy Daniels, Seventh Rhode Island Infantry, First Brigade. No. 229.Itinerary of the Second Brigade. No. 230.Maj. William B. Reynolds, Seventeenth Vermont Infantry, of operations May 6-20. No. 231.Lient. Col. Charles Cummings, Seventeenth Vermont Infantry, of oper- ations May 23-June 8. No. 232.Capt. Edward J. Jones, Eleventh Massachusetts Battery. No. 233.Capt. Edward W. Rogers, Nineteenth New York Battery. No. 234.Brig. Gen. Orlando B. Wilicox, U. S. Army, commanding Third Di- vision. No. 235.Brig. Gen. John F. Hartranft, U.S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 236.Col. William Humphrey, Second Michigan Infantry. No. 237.Lieut. Col. Ralph Ely, Eighth Michigan Infantry. No. 238.Col. Constant Luce, Seventeenth Michigan Infantry. No. 239.Capt. Richard Vosper, Twenty-seventh Michigan Infantry. No. 240.Capt. Edwin Evans, One hundred and ninth New York Infantry. No. 241.Capt. Joseph K. Bolton, Fifty-first Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 242.Lieut. Col. Byron M. Cutcheon, Twentieth Michigan Infantry, command- ing Second Brigade. No. 243.Col. Charles V. De Land, First Michigan Sharpshooters, of operations May 5-14. No. 244.Lieut. Col. Byron M. Cutcheon, Twentieth Michihan Infantry. No. 245.Lieut. Col. Martin P. Avery, Sixtieth Ohio Infantry. No. 246.Capt. Adelbert B. Twitchell, Seventh Maine Battery. No. 247.Capt. Jacob Roemer, Thirty-fourth New York Battery. No. 248.Brig. Gen. Edward Ferrero, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Division. No. 249.Itinerary of the First Brigade. No. 250.Itinerary of the Second Brigade. No. 251.Lient. George W. Silvis, Battery D, Pennsylvania Light Artillery. No. 252.Capt. Romeo H. Start, Third Vermont Battery. No. 253.Capt. John B. Eaton, Twenty-seventh New York Battery, Reserve Artil- lery. No. 254.Maj. Peter McLennan, Twenty-second New York Cavalry, of operations May 7-8. No. 255.Maj. Gen. William F. Smith, U. S. Army, commanding Eighteenth Army Corps, of operations May 29-June 12. No. 256.Brig. Gen. Gilman Marston, U. S. Army, commanding First flrigade, First Division, of operations June 110. No. 257.Capt. William Kreutzer, Ninety-eighth New York Infantry, of operations June 1-8. No. 258.Brig. Gen. Hiram Burnham, TI S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of operations June 110. No. 259.Capt. Charles M. Coit, Eighth Connecticut Infantry, of operations June 19 Page 105 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO TIlE JAMES. 105 No. 260.Col. Aaron F. Stevens, Thirteenth New Hampshire Infantry, of oper- ations June 110. No. 261.Col. Guy V. Henry, Fortieth Massachusetts Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations June 1-10. No. 262.Maj. Hiram B. Crosby, Twenty-first Connecticut Infantry, of operations June 3. No. 263.Capt. James F. Brown, Twenty-first Connecticut Infantry, of operations June 3-12. No. 264.Col. Andrew Elwell, Twenty-third Massachusetts Infantry, First Brigade, Second Division, of operations May 31June 10. No. 265.Col. Josiah Pickett, Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Infantry, of operations May 27-June 1Z~ No. 266.Itinerary of the Second Brigade. No. 267.Lieut. Col. William C. Moegling, Eleventh Connecticut Infantry, of oper- ations June 13. No. 268.Itinerary of the First Brigade, Third Division. No. 269.Col. William B. Barton, Forty-eighth New York Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations June 1. No. 270.Lieut. Col. Zina H. Robinson, Ninth Maine Infantry, commandin~ Second Brigade, of operations June 1-2. No. 271.Medals of Honor awarded for distinguished service3 under Resolution of Congress, No. 43, approved July 12, 1862, and Section 6 of act of Con- gress, approved March 3, 1863. THE CONFEDERATE A!IMY. No. 272.Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, early in May, 1864. No. 273.General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Army of Northern Vir- ginia. No. 274.Brig. Gen. William N. Pendleton, C. S. Army, Chief of Artillery. No. 275.Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, C. S. Army, commanding First Army Corps, of operations April 14May 6. No. 276.Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson, C. S. Army, commanding First Army Corps, of operations May 30. No. 277.Diary of the First Army Corps. No. 278.Partial Return of Casualties in the First Army Corps. No. 279.Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, C. S. Army, commanding division, of operations May 46. No. 280.Brig. Gen. Goode Bryan, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of operations May 6. No. 281.Col. James P. Simms, Fifty-third Georgia Infantry, commanding Bryans brigade, of operations June 218. No. 282.Brig. Gen. John Bratton, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, Fields divis- ion. No. 283.Col. James R. Hagood, First South Carolina Infantry. No. 284.Lieut. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, C. S. Army, commanding Second Army Corps, of operations May 429. No. 285.Medical Director Lafayette Guild, C. S. Army, of casualties in month of May. No. 286.Lieut. Col. William Allan, C. S. Army, Chief of Ordnance, of ordnance and ordnance stores collected on the Wilderness battk~-field May 57. No. 287.Brig. Gen. John B. Gordon, C. S. Army, commanding Gordons bri,ade and Earlys division, of operations May 5-14 Page 106 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. 106 No. 288.Maj. Gen. Edward Johnson, C. S. Army, commanding division, of oper- ations May 12. No. 289.Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Ramseur, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, Rodes division, of operations May 427. No. 290.Brig. Gen. Cullen A. Battle, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of oper- ations May 8. No. 291.Brig. Gen. Armistead L. Long, C. S. Army, Chief of Artillery, Second Army Corps, of operations May 431. No. 292.Itinerary of Hardaway Light Artillery Battalion. No. 293.Brig. Gen. William Mahone, C. S. ~Army, commanding brigade, Ander- sons division, Third Army Corps, of operations May 4-6. No. 294.Brig. Gen. Nathaniel H. Harris, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of operations May 1213. No. 295.Brig. Gen. Samuel McGowan, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, Wil- coxs division, of operations May 813. No. 296.Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton, C. S. Army, commanding First Division, Cavalry Corps, including operations June 824. No. 297.Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Rosser, C. S. Army,commanding brigade, of oper- ations May 15. No. 298.Capt. R. B. Kennon, Assistant Inspector-General, of operations May 5. No 299.Col. Bradley T. Johnson, First Maryland Infantry, commanding Mary- land Line, of operations May 11. No. 300.Confederate Roll of Honor. No. 1. Organization of the forces operating against Richmond, under Lient. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, on the morning of May 5, 1864. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE. PROVOST GUARD. Brig. Gen. MARSENA R. PATRICK~ 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, Companies C and D, Capt. Edward A. Flint. 80th New York Infantry (20th Militia), Col. Theodore B. Gates. 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry, Maj. James W. Walsh. 68th Pennsylvania Infantry, Lieut. Col. Robert E. Winslow. 114th Pennsylvania Infantry, Col. Charles H. T. Collis. VOLUNTEER ENGINEER BRIGADE.* Brig. Gen. HENRY W. BENHAM. 15th New York Engineers, Maj. William A. Ketchum. 50th New York Engineers, Lieut. Col. Ira Spaulding. BATTALION U. S, ENGINEERS. Capt. GEORGE H. MENDELL. GUARDS AND ORDERLIES. Independent eompany Oneida (New York) Cavalry, Capt. Daniel P. Mann. * With the exception of eleven companies of the 50th Nexv York, under Lieuten- ant-Colonel Spaulding, this command, with its commander. was at the Engineer Depot, Washington. D. C Page 107 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. SECOND ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. WINFIELD S. HANCOCK. ESCORT. 1st Vermont Cavalry, Company M, Capt. John H. Hazelton. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. FRANCIS C. BARLOW. First Brigade. Col. NELSON A. MILES. 26th Michigan, Maj. Leinuel Saviers. 61st New York, Lieut. Col. K. Oscar Broady. 81st Pennsylvania, Col. H. Boyd Mc- Keen. 140th Pennsylvania, Col. John Fraser. 183d Pennsylvania, Col. George P. Mc- Lean. Sec~id Brigade. Col. THOMAS A. SMYTH. 28th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. George MT. Cartwright. 63d New York, Maj. Thomas Touhy. 69th New York, Capt. Richard Moro- ney. 88th New York, Capt. Denis F. Burke. 116th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. Richard C. Dale. Third Brigade. Col. PAUL FRANK. 39th New York, Col. Augustus Funk. 52d New York,* Maj. Henry M. Karples. 57th New York, Lieut. Col. Alford B. Chapman. 111th New York, Capt. Aaron P. Seeley. 125th New York, Lieut. Col. Aaron B. Myer. 126th New York, Capt. Winfield Scott. Fourth Brigade. Col. JOHN R. BROOKE. 2d Delaware, Col. William P. Baily. 64th New York, Maj. Leman W. Brad- ley. 66th New York, Lieut. Col. John S. Hammell. 53d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Richards McMichael. 145th Pennsylvania, Col. Hiram L. Brown. 148th Pennsylvania, Col. James A. Beaver. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN GIBBON. PrQvost Guard. 2d Company Minnesota Sharpshooters, Capt. Mahion Black. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ALEXANDER S. WEBB. 19th Maine, Col. Selden Connor. 1st Company Andrew (Massachusetts) Sharpshooters, Lieut. Samuel G. Gilbreth. 15th Massachusetts, Maj. I. Harris Hooper. 19th Massachusetts, Maj. Edmund Rice. 20th Massachusetts, Maj. Henry L. Abbott. 7th Michigan, Maj. Sylvanus W. Curtis. 42d New York, Maj. Patrick J. Downing. 59th New York, Capt. William McFadden. 82d New York (2d Militia), Col. Henry W. Hudson. * Detachment 7th New York attached. 10 Page 108 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSHUA T. OWEN. 152d New York, Lieut. Col. George W. Thompson. 09th Pennsylvania, Maj. William Davis. 71st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Charles Kochersperger. 72d Pennsylvania, Col. De Witt C. Baxter. 106th Pennsylvania, Capt. Robert H. Ford. Third Brigade. Col. SAMUEL S. CARROLL. 14th Connecticut, Col. Theodore G. Ellis. 1st Delaware, Lieut. Col. Daniel Woodall. 14th Indiana, Col. John Coons. 12th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Davis. 10th New York Battalion, Capt. George M. Dewey. 108th New York, Col. Charles J. Powers. 4th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Leonard W. Carpenter. 8th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Franklin Sawyer. 7th West Virginia, Lieut. Col. Jonathan H. Lockwood. THIRD DIVISION. Maj. Gen. DAVID B. BIRNEY. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. J. H. HOBART WARD. 20th Indiana, Col. William C. L. Taylor. 3d Maine, Col. Moses B. Lakeman. 40th New York, Col. Thomas W. Egan. 86th New York, Licut. Col. Jacob H. Lansing. 124th New York, Col. Francis M. Cum- mins. 99th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Edwin R. Biles. 110th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Isaac Rogers. 141st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Guy H. Watkins. 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, Lieut. Col. Homer R. Stoughton. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ALEXANDER HAYS. 4th Maine, Col. Elijah~Jalker. 17th Maine, Col. George W. West. 3d Michigan, Col. Byron R. Pierce. 5th Michigan, Lieut. Col. John Pul- ford. 93d New York, Maj. Samuel McConihe. 57th Pennsylvania, Col. Peter Sides. 63d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John A. Danks. 105th Pennsylvania, Col. Calvin A. Craig. 1st U. S. Sharpshooters, Maj. Charles P. Mattocks. FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. GERSHOM MoTT. First Brigade. Col. ROBERT McALLISTER. 1st Massachusetts, Col. Napoleon B. McLaughlen. 16th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Waldo Merriam. 5th New Jersey, Col. William J. Sew- ell. 6th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Stephen R. Gilkyson. 7th New Jersey, Maj. Frederick Cooper. 8th New Jersey, Col. John Ramsey. 11th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. John Schoonover. 26th Pennsylvania, Maj. Samuel G. Moffett. 115th Pennsylvania, Maj. William A. Reilly. Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM R. BREWSTER. 11th Massachusetts, Col. William Blais dell. 70th New York, Capt. William H. Hugo. 71st New York, Lieut. Col. Thomas Rafferty. 72d New York, Lieut. Col. John Leon- nrd. 73d New York, Lieut. Col. Michael W. Burns. 74th New York, Col. Thomas Holt. 120th New York, Capt. Abram L. Lock- wood. 84th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Milton Opp. 10 Page 109 CHAP. XLVIIL] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 109 ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. JOHN C. TIDBALL. Maine Light, 6th Battery (F), Capt. Edwin B. Dow. Massachusetts Light, 10th Hattery, Capt. J. Henry Sleeper. New Hamsphire Light, 1st Battery, Capt. Frederick M. Edgell. 1st New York Light, Battery G, Capt. Nelson Ames. 4th New York Heavy, 3d Battalion, Lieut. Col. Thomas Allcock. 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery F, Capt. R. Bruce Ricketts. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A, Capt. William A. Arnold. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery I~, Capt. T. Frederick Brown. 4th United States, Battery K, Lieut. John W. Roder. 5th United States, Batteries C and I, Lieut. James Gilliss. FIFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. GOUVERNEUR K. WARREN. PROVOST GUARD. 12th New York Battalion, Maj. Henry W. Rider. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. CHARLES GRIFFIN. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ROMEYN B. AYRES. 140th New York, Col. George Ryan. 146th New York, Col. David T. Jenkins. 91st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Sinex. 155th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Alfred L. Pearson. 2d United States, Companies B, C, F, H, I, and K, Capt. James W. Long. 11th United States, Companies B, C, D, E, F, and G, First Battalion, Capt. Francis M. Cooley. 12th United States, Companies A, B, C, D, and G, 1st Battalion, Maj. Luther B. 12th United States, Companies A, C, D, F, and H, 2d Battalion, Bruen. 14th United States, 1st Battalion, Capt. Edward McK. Hudson. 17th United States, Companies A, C, D, G, and H, 1st Battalion, Capt. James F. 17th United States, Companies A, B, and C, 2d Battalion, ~Grimes. Second Brigade. Col. JACOB B. SWEITZER. 9th Massachusetts, Col. Patrick R. Guiney. 22d Massachusetts,* Col. William S. Tilton. 32d Massachusetts, Col. George L. Prescott. 4th Michigan, Lieut. Col. George W. Lumbard. 62d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. James C. Hull. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH J. BARTLETT. 20th Maine, Maj. Ellis Spear. 18th Massachusetts, Col. Joseph Hayes. 1st Michigan, Lieut. Col. William A. Throop. 16th Michigan, Maj. Robert T. Elliott. 44th New York, Lieut. Col. Freeman Conner. 83d Pennsylvania, Col. Orpheus S. Woodward. 118th Pennsylvania, Col. James Gwyn. ~ 2d Company Massachusetts Sharpshooters attached Page 110 110 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN C. ROBINSON. First Brigade. Col. SAMUEL H. LEONARD. 16th Maine, Col. Charles W. Tilden. 13th Massachusetts, Capt. Charles H. Hovey. 39th Massachusetts, Col Phineas S. Davis. 104th New York, Col. Gilbert G. Prey. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY BAXTER. 12th Massachusetts, Col. James L. Bates. 53d New York (9th Militia), Col. Joseph A. Moeseli, 97th New York, Col. Charles Wheelock. 11th Pennsylvania, Col. Richard Coulter. 88th Pennsylvania, Capt. George B. Rhoads. 90th Pennsylvania, Col. Peter Lyle. Third Brigade. Col. ANDREW W. DENISON. 1st Maryland, Maj. Benjamin H. Schley. 4th Maryland, Col. Richard N. Bowerman. 7th Maryland, Col. Charles B. Phelps. 8th Maryland, Lieut. Col. John G. Johannes. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. SAMU~L W. CRAWFORD. First Brigade. Third Brigade. Col. WILLIAM MCCANDLESS. Col. JOSEPH W. FISHER. 1st Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. William 5th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. C. Talley. George Dare. 2d Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. 8th Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. Silas Patrick McDonough. M. Baily. 6th Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. Wel- 10th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. lington H. Ent. Ira Ayer, jr. 7th Pennsylvania Reserves, Maj. Le 12th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. Grand B. Speece. Richard Gustin. 11th Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. Sam- uel M. Jackson. 13th Pennsylvania Reserves (1st Rifles), Maj. William R. Hartshorne. FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES S. WADSWORTH. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. LYSANDER CUTLER. Brig. Gen. JAMES C. RICE. 7th Indiana, Col. Ira G. Grover. 76th New York, Lieut. Col. John B. 19th Indiana, Col. Samuel J. Williams. Cook. 24th Michigan, Col. Henry A. Morrow. 84th New York (14th Militia), Col. Ed- 1st New York Battalion Sharpshooters, ward B. Fowler. Capt. Volney J. Shipman. 95th New York, Col. Edward Pye. 2d Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. John Mans- 147th New York, Col. Francis C. Miller. field. 56th Pennsylvania, Col. J.William Hof- 6th Wisconsin, Col. Edward S. Bragg. mann. 7th Wisconsin, Col. William W. Rob- inson Page 111 ChAP. XLVIII.] IRAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Third Brigade. Col. Ro~ STONE. 121st Pennsylvania, Capt. Samuel T. Lloyd. 142d Pennsylvania, Maj. Horatio N. Warren. 143d Pennsylvania, Col. Edmund L. Dana. 149th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John frvin. 150th Pennsylvania, Capt. George W. Jones. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. CHARLES S. WAINWRIGHT. Massachusetts Light, Battery C, Capt. Augustus P. Martin. Massachusetts Light, Battery E, Capt. Charles A. Phillips. 1st New York light, Battery D, Capt. George B. Winslow. 1st New York Light, Batteries E and L, Lieut. George Breck. 1st New York Light, Battery H, Capt. Charles E. Mink. 4th New York Heavy, 2d Battalion. Maj. William Arthur. 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery B, Capt. James H. Cooper. 4th United States, Battery B, Lieut. James Stewart. 5th United States, Battery D, Lieut. Benjamin F. Rittenhouse. SIXTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN SEDGWICK. ESCORT. 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company A, Capt. Charles E. Fellows. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. HORATIO G. WRIGHT. First Brigade. Col. HENRY W. BROWN. New Jersey, Lieut. Col. William Henry, jr. New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Charles Wiebecke. New Jersey, Capt. Samuel T. Du Bats. New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Charles Ewing. New Jersey, Col. Henry 0. Ryer- son. New Jersey, Col. William H. Pen- rose. Third Brzgade. Brig. Gen. DAVID A. RUSSELL. 6th Maine, 1\Iaj. George Fuller. 49th Pennsylvania, Col. Thomas M. Hulings. 119th Pennsylvania, Maj. Henry P. Truefitt, jr. 5th Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. Theodore B. Catlin. Second Brigade. Fourth Brigade. Col. EMORY UPTON. Brig. Gen. ALEXANDER SHALER. 5th Maine, Col. Clark S. Edwards. 05th New York, Col. Joseph E. Ham- 121st New York, Licut. Col. Egbert blin. Olcott. 67th New York, Col. Nelson Cross. 95th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Edward 122d New York, Lieut. Col. Augustus Carroll. W. Dwight. 96th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. William 82d Pennsylvania (detachment). H. Lessig. I 111 1st 2d 3d 4th 10th 15t Page 112 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. GEORGE W. GETTY. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. FRANK WHEATON. 62d New York, Col. David J. Nevin. 93d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John S. Long. 98th Pennsylvania, Col. John F. Bal- her. 102d Pennsylvania, Col. John W. Pat- terson. 139th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. William H. Moody. Second Brigade. Col. LEWIS A. GRANT. 2d Vermont, Col. Newton Stone. 3d Vermont, Col. Thomas 0. Seaver. 4th Vermont, Col. George P. Foster. 5th Vermont, Lient. Col. John R. Lewis. 6th Vermont, Col. Elisha L. Barney. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. NEILL. 7th Maine, Col. Edwin C. Mason. 43d New York, Lient. Col. John Wil- son. 49th New York, Col. Daniel D. Bidwell. 77th New York, Maj. Nathan S. Bab- cock. Gist Pennsylvania, Col. George F. Smith. Fourth Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY L. EUSTIS. 7th Massachusetts, Col. Thomas D. Johns. 10th Massachusetts, Lient. Col. Joseph B. Parsons. 37th Massachusetts, Col.Oliver Edwards. 2d Rhode Island, Lieut. Col. Samuel B. M. Read. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES B. RICKETTS. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM H. MORRIS. 14th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Caldwell K. Hall. 106th New York, Lient. Col. Charles Townsend. 151st New York, Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Fay. 87th Pennsylvania, Col. John W. Schall. 10th Vermont, Lieut. Col. William W. Henry. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. TRUMAN SEYMOUR. 6th Maryland, Col. John W. Horn. 110th Ohio, Col. J. Warren Keifer. 122d Ohio, Col. William H. Ball. 126th Ohio, Col. Benjamin F. Smith. 67th Pennsylvania (detachment), Capt. George W. Guss. 138th Pennsylvania, Col. Matthew R. McClennan. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. CHARLES H. TOMPKINS. Maine Light, 4th Battery (D), Lieut. Melville C. Kimball. Massachusetts Light, 1st Battery (A), Capt. William H. McCartney. New York Light, 1st Battery, Capt. Andrew Cowan. New York Light, 3d Battery, Capt. William A. Ham. 4th New York Heavy, 1st Battalion, Maj. Thomas D. Sears. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C, Capt. Richard Waterman. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E, Capt. William B. Rhodes. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G, Capt. George W. Adams. ~th United States, Battery M, Capt. Jame~s McKni~ht. 112 [CHAP. XLVIII Page 113 RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 113 NINTH ARMY CORPS.* Maj. Gen. AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE. PROVOST GUARD. 8th U. S. Infantry, Capt. Milton Cogswell. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. THOMAS G. STEVENSON. First Brigade. I Second Brigade. Col. SUMNER CARRUTH. I Col. DANIEL LEASURE. 35th Massachusetts, Maj. Nathaniel 3d Maryland, Col. Joseph M. Suds- Wales. burg. 56th Massachusetts, Col. Charles E. 21st Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. George Griswold. P. Hawkes. 57th Massachusetts, Col. William F. 100th Pennsylvania, Lieut. CoL Matthew Bartlett. M. Dawson. 59th Massachusetts, Col. J. Parker Gould. 4th United States, Capt. Charles H. Brightly. 10th United States, Maj. Samuel B. Hay- man. Artillery. Maine Light, 2d Battery (B), Capt. Albert F. Thomas. Massachusetts Light, 14th Battery, Capt. Joseph W. B. Wright. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ROBERT B. POTTER. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. ZENAS P. BLISS. Col. SIMON G. GRIFFIN. 36th Massachusetts, Maj. William F. 31st Maine, Lieut. Col. Thomas Hight. Draper. 32d Maine, Maj. Arthur Deering. 58th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. John C. 6th New Hampshire, Lieut. Col. Henry Whiton. H. Pearson. 51st New York, Col. Charles W. Le 9th New Hampshire, Lieut. Col. John Gendre. W. Babbitt. 45th Pennsylvania, Col. John I. Curtin. 11th New Hampshire, Col. Walter liar- 48th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Henry riman. Pleasants. 17th Vermont, Lieut. Col. Charles Cum- 7th Rhode Island, Capt. Theodore Winn. mings. Artillery. Massachusetts Light, 11th Battery, Capt. Edward J. Jones. New York Light, 19th Battery, Capt. Edward W. Rogers. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ORLANDO B. WILLcox. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. JOHN F. HARTRANFT. Col. BENJAMIN C. CHRIST. 2d Michigan, Col. William Humph- 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, Col. rey. Charles V. De Land. 8th Michigan, Col. Frank Graves. 20th Michigan, Lieut. Col. Byron M. 17th Michigan, Col. Constant Luce. Cutcheon. 27th Michigauf, Maj. Samuel Moody. 79th New York, Col. David Morrison. 109th New York,Col. Benjamin F. Tracy. 60th Ohio4 Lieut. Col. James N. McEl- 51st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Edwin roy. Schall. 50th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Edward Overton, jr. * This corps was under the direct orders of Lient. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant until May 24, 1864, when it was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. fist and 2d Companies Michigan Sharpshoop~rs attached. ~ 9th and 10th Companies Ohio Sharpshooters attached. 8 P PVOL XXXVI, PT Page 114 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Artillery. Maine Light, 7th Battery (G), Capt. Adelbert B. Twitchell. New York Light. 34th Battery, Capt. Jacob Roemer. FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. EDWARD FERRERO. First Brigade. Col. JOSHUA K. SIGFRIED. 27th U. S. Colored Troops, Lient. Col. Charles J. Wright. 30th U. S. Colored Troops Col. Delavan Bates. 39th U. S. Colored Troops, Col. Ozora P. Stearns. 43d U. S. Colored Troops, Lieut. Col. II. Seymour Hall. Second Brigade. Col. HENRY G. THOMAS. 30th Connecticut (colored), detachment, Capt. Charles Robinson. 19th U. S. Colored Troops, Lieut. Col. Joseph G. Perkins. 23d U. S. Colored Troops, Lieut. Col. Cleaveland J. Campbell. Artillery. Pennsylvania Light, Battery D. Capt. George W. Durell. Vermont Light, 3d Battery, Capt. Romeo H. Start. CAVALRY. 3d New Jersey, Col. Andrew J. Morrison. 22d New York, Col, Samuel J. Crooks, 2d Ohio, Lieut. Col. George A. Purington. 13th Pennsylvania, Maj, Michael Kerwin. RESERVE ARTILLERY. Capt. JOHN EDWARDS, Jr. New York Light, 27th Battery, Capt. John B. Eaton. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery D, Capt. William W. Buckley. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery H, Capt. Crawford Allen, jr. 2d United States, Battery E, Licut. James S. Dudley. 3d United States, Battery G, Lieut. Edmund Pendleton. 3d United States, Batteries L and M, Lieut. Erskine Gittings. PROVISIONAL BRIGADE. Col. ELISHA G. MARSHALL. 24th New York Cavalry (dismounted), Col. William C. Raulston. 14th New York Heavy Artillery, Lieut. Col. Clarence H. Corning. 2d Pennsylvania Provisional Heavy Artillery, Col. Thomas Wilhelm. CAVALRY CORPS. Maj. Gen. PHILIP H. SHERIDAN. ESCORT. 6th United States, Capt. Ira W. Claflin. FiRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALFRED T. A. TORBER~T. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE A. CUSTER. Col. THOMAS C. DEVIN. 1st Michigan, Lieut. Col. Peter Stagg. 4th New York,* Lieut. Col. William H. 5th Michigan, Col. Russell A. Alger. Parnell. 6th Michigan, Maj. James H. Kidd. 6th New York, Lieut. Col. William H 7th Michigan, Maj. Henry W. Granger. Crocker. 9th New York, Col. William Sackett. 17th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. James Q Anderson. ~ guarding trains, 114 IJJIIAP. XLVIII Page 115 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 115 Reserve Brigade. Brig. Gen. WESLEY MERRITT. 19th New York (1st Dragoons), Col. Alfred Gibbs. 6th Pennsylvania, Maj. James Starr. 1st United States, Capt. Nelson B. Sweitzer. 2d United States, Capt. Theophulus F. Rodenbough. 5th United States,* Capt. Abraham K. Arnold. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID McM. GREGG. Second Brigade. Col. J. IRVIN GREGG. 1st Maine, Col. Charles H. Smith. 10th New York, Maj. M. Henry Avery. 2d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Joseph P. Brinton. 4th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. George H. Covode. 8th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Samuel Wilson. 16th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John K. Robison. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY E. DAVIES, Jr. 1st Massachusetts, Maj. Lucius M. Sar- gent. 1st New Jersey, Lient. Col. John W. Kester. 6th Ohio, Col. William Stedman. 1st Pennsylvania, Col. John P. Taylor. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES H. WILSON. Escort. 8th Illinois (detachment), Lieut. William W. Long. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. TIMOTHY M. BRYAN, Jr. Col. JOHN B. McINToSH.t Col. GEORGE H. CHAPMAN. 1st Connecticut, Maj. Erastus Blakes- 3d Indiana, Maj. William Patton. lee. 8th New York, Lieut. Col. William H. 2d New York, Col. Otto Harhaus. Benjamin. 5th New York, Lieut. Col. John Ham- 1st Vermont, Lieut. Col. Addison W. mond. 18th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. William Preston. P. Brinton. ARTILLERY. Brig. Gen. HENRY J. HUNT. ARTILLERY RESERVE. Col. HENRY S. BURTON. First Brigade. Col. J. HOWARD KITCHING. 6th New York Heavy, Lieut. Col. Edmund R. Travis. 15th New York Heavy, Col. Louis Schirmer. Second Brigade. Maj. JOHN A. TOMPKINS. Maine Light, 5th Battery (E), Capt. Greenleaf T. Stevens. 1st New Jersey Light, Battery A, Capt. William Hexamer. 1st New Jersey Light, Battery B, Capt. A. Judson Clark. New York Light, 5th Battery, Capt. Elijah D. Taft. New York Light, 12th Battery, Capt. George F. McKnight. 1st New York Light, Battery B, Capt. Albert S. Sheldon. * Companies B, F, and K, under Capt. Julius W. Mason, detached as escort to Lient. Gen. U. S. Grant. I Assigned May 5 Page 116 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Third Brigade. Maj. ROBERT H. FITZHUGH. Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery, Capt. John Bigelow. New York Light, 15th Battery, Capt. Patrick Hart. 1st New York Light, Battery C, Lieut. William H. Phillips. New York Light, 11th Battery, Capt. John E. Burton. 1st Ohio Light, Battery H, Lieut. William A. Ewing. 5th United States, Battery E, Lieut. John R. Briuckle. HORSE ARTILLERY. First Brigade.* Capt. JAMES M. ROBERTSON. New York Light, 6th Battery, Capt. Joseph W. Martin. 2d United States, Batteries B and L, Lieut. Edward Heaton. 2d United States, Battery D, Lieut. Ed- ward B. Williston. ~d United States, Battery M, Lient. Alexander C. M. Pennington, jr. 4th United States, Battery A, Licut. Rufus King, jr. 4th United States, Batteries C and E, Lieut. Charles L. Fitzhugh. Second Brigade. Capt. DUNBAR R. RANSOM. 1st United States, Batteries E and G, Lieut. Frank S. French. 1st United States, Batteries H and I, Capt. Alanson M. Randol. 1st United States, Battery K, Lieut. John. Egan. 2d United States, Battery A, Lieut. Rob- ert Clarke. 2d United States, Battery G. Lient. Wil- liam N. Dennison. 3d United States, Batteries C, F, and K, Lieut. James R. Kelly. ARMY OF THE JAMES (IN THE FIELD). Maj. Gen. BENJAMIN F. BUTLER. TENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. QUINcY A. GILLMORE. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALFRED H. TERRY. First Brigade. Col. JOSHUA B. HOWELL. 39th Illinois, Col. Thomas 0. Osborn. 62d Ohio, Col. Francis B. Pond. 67th Ohio, Col. Alvin C. Voris. 85th Pennsylvania, Licut. Col. Edward Campbell. Second Brigade. Col. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY. 6th Connecticut, Licut. Col. Lorenzo Meeker. 7th Connecticut, Licut. Col. Daniel C. Rodman. 3d New Hampshire, Lieut. Col. Josiah I. Plimpton. 7th New Hampshire, Col. Joseph C. Abbott. Third Brigade. Col. HARRIS M. PLAISTED. 10th Connecticut, Col. John L. Otis. 11th Maine, Lient. Col. Winsloxv P. Spofford. 24th Massachusetts, Col. Francis A. Osborn. 100th New York, Col. George B. Dandy. Artillery. Connecticut Light, 1st Battery, Capt. Alfred P. Rockwell. New Jersey Light, 5th Battery, Capt. Zenas C. Warren. 1st United States, Battery M. Capt. Loomis L. Langdon. Detached with Cavalry Corps. 11 Page 117 RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. TURNER. First Brigade. Col. SAMUEL M. ALFORD. 40th Massachusetts, Col. Guy V. Henry. 3d New York, Lieut. Col. Eldridge G. Floyd. 89th New York, Lieut. Col. Theophulus L. England. 117th New York, Col. Alvin White. 142d New York, Col. N. Martin Curtis. Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM B. BARTON. 47th New York, Lieut. Col. Christopher R. Mac Donald. 48th New York, Lieut. Col. Dudley W. Strickland. 115th New York, Maj. Ezra L. Walrath. 76th Pennsylvania, aol. John C. Camp- bell. Artillery. New Jersey Light, 4th Battery, Capt. George T. Woodbury. 1st United States, Battery B, Capt. Samuel S. Elder. 1st United States, Battery D, Lieut. John S. Gibbs. THIRD DIVISION. First Brigade. Col. RICHARD WHITE. 8th Maine, Lieut. Col. Henry Boynton. 4th New Hampshire, Col. Louis Bell. 55th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. Frank T. Bennett. 97th Pennsylvania, Col. Henry R. Guss. Brig. Gen. ADELBERT AMES. Second Brigade. Col. JEREMIAH C. DRAKE. 13th Indiana, Col. Cyrus J. Dobbs. 9th Maine, Col. Sabine Emery. 112th New York, Lieut. Col. Elial F. Car- penter. 169th New York, Col. John McConihe. Artillery. New York Light, 33d Battery, Capt. Alger M. Wheeler. 3d Rhode Island, Battery C, Capt. Martin S. James. 3d United States, Battery E, Lieut. Joseph P. Sanger. UNATTACHED TROOPS. 1st New York Engineers (eight companies), Col. Edward W. Serrell. 4th Massachusetts Cavalry (1st Battalion), Capt. Lucius Richmond. EIGHTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. WILLIAM F. SMITH. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM T. H. BROOKS. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. GILMAN MARSTON. Brig. Gen. HIRAM BURNHAM. 81st New York, Col. Jacob J. De For- 8th Connecticut, Col. John E. Ward. est. 10th New Hampshire, Lient. Col. John 96th New York, Col. Edgar M. Cullen. Coughlin. 98th New York, Col. Frederick F. 13th New Hampshire, Col. Aaron F, Wead. Stevens. 139th New York, Col. Samuel H. Rob- 118th New York, Qol. Oliver Keese, jr. erts. CH~. XLVIII.] 11 Page 118 OPERAtIONS IN SE. VA. AI~D N. C. Third Brigade. Col. HORACE T. SANDERS. 92d New York, Lient. Col. Hiram Anderson, Jr. 58th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. Montgomery Martin. 188th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. George K. Bowen. 49th Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. Rollin M. Strong. Artillery Brigade. Maj. THEODORE H. SCHENCK. Wiseonsin Light, 4th Battery, Capt. George B. Easterly. 4th United States, Battery L, Licut. John S. Hunt. 5th United States, Battery A, Lient. Charles P. Muhlenberg. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. GODFREY WEITZEL. First Brigade. Brig. Gem CHARLES A. HECKMAN. 23d MassaChusetts, Col. Andrew El- well. 25th Massachusetts, Maj. Cornelius G. Atwood. 27th Massachusetts, Col. Horace C. Lee. 9th New Jersey, Col. Abram Zabriskie. Second Brigade. Col. GRIFFIN A. STEDMAN, Jr. 11th Connecticut, Licut. Col.WiLiam C. Moegling. 2d New Hampshire, Col. Edward L. Bailey. 12th New Hampshire, Maj. John F. Langley. 148th New York, Col. George M. Gnion. Artillery Brigade. Capt. FREDERICK M. FOLLETT. New York Light, 7th Battery, Capt. Peter C. Regan. 3d New York Light, Battery E, Capt. George E. Ashby. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery F, Capt. James Belger. 4th United States, Battery D, Lient. James Thompson. THIRD DIVISION. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. EDWARD A. WILD. 1st U. S. Colored, Col. Jbhn H. Hol man. 10th U. S. Colored, Lient. Col. Edward H. Powell. 22d U. S. Colored, Col. Joseph B. Kid- doo. 37th U. S. Colored, Lient. Col. Abial G. Chamberlain. Brig. Gen. EDWARD W. HINKS. Second Brigade. Col. SAMUEL A. DUNCAN. 4th U. S. Colored, Lient. Col. George Rogers. 5th U. S. Colored, Col. James W. Conine. 0th U. S. Colored, Col. John W. Ames. Artillery. 3d New York Light, Battery K, Capt. James R. Angel. 3d New York Light, Battery M, Capt. John H. Howell. 2d U. S. Colored Light, Battery B, Capt. Francis C. Choate. 118 [C~HAP. XLVIII Page 119 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 119 CAVALRY DIVISION. Brig, den. AUGUST V. KAUTZ. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. SIMoN H. Mix. Col. SAMUEL P. SPEAR. 1st District of Columbia, Lieut. Col. Ev- 5th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Christo- erton J. Conger. 3d New York, Lieut. pher Kleinz. Lewis. Col. George W. 11th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. George Stetzel. Artillery. New York Light, 8th Battery (section), Lieut. Peter Morton. UNATTACHED TROOPS. 1st New York Mounted Rifles, Col. Benjamin F. Onderdonk. 1st U. S. Colored Cavalry, Maj. Harvey W. Broxvn. 2d U. S. Colored Cavalry, Col. George W. Cole. 13th CompanyMassachusetts Heavy Artillery (pontoniers), Capt. John Pickering, jr. No. 2. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, commanded by Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, from the Rapidan to the James River. .1/jay June, 1864. [Compiled from nominal lists of casualties, returns, & c.] BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1S64.~ Killed. Wounded. Captured or miSsing. i3 Command. a n ii 0 ~ 0 ~, a i~ ~ 0 ~ GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. EscORT. 5th U. S. Cavalry, Companies B, F, and Kt ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE. ~aovos~ GUARD. Brig. Gen. MARsENA H. PATRIcE. 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, Companies C and D. 80th New York Infantry (20th Militia) 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry 68th Pennsylvania Infantry 114th Pennsylvania Infantry Total provost guard t ENGINEER TROOPS. 50th New York Battalion United States t Total engineers GUARD5 AND ORDERLIES. Independent Company Oneida (New York) Cay- airy. t *Embracing all combats under the various names of the Wilderness, Parkers Store, Craigs Meeting House, Brock Road, Todds Tavern, and the Furnaces. t Loss, if any, not of record. 1 1 I Page 120 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. [CHAP. XLVIII. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5~7, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. ii Command. ni ii ii 15 a a a a 15 15 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ SECOND ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. WINFIELD S. H~scoca. Staff 1st Vermont Cavalry, Company N (escort) 1 Total FIR5T DIVISION. 1 1 Brig. Gen. FRANCIs C. BARLOW. First Brigade. Col. NELSON A. MILEs. Staff 26th Michigan 61st New York 81st Pennsylvania* 140th Pennsylvania 183d Pennsylvania * Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS A. SHYTH. Staff 28th Massachusetts 63d New York 69th New York 88th New York 116th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. PAUL FRANK. 119th New York 52d New York t 57th New York 111th New York 125th New York 126th New York Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. JOHN. H. BROORE. 2d Delaware* 64th New York 66th New York 53d Pennsylvania 145th Pennsylvania 148th Pennsylvania Total Fourth Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. 7 3 7 3 i3 3 20 1 24 1 1 115 8 1 77 8 95 7 37 8 52 2 8 38 4 52 6 24 4 34 5 43 5 258 38 349 14 7 92 1 22 136 4 2 6 49 1 58 2 40 6 113 17 178 6 1 16 5 28 5 62 9 76 3 71 15 336 1 56 482 8 8 1 ~ 6 4 11 1 3 4 1 1 2 1 1 3 18 5 26 8 120 20 632 2 99 881 Brig. Gen. JOHN GIBSON. Provost Guard. 2d Company Minnesota Sharpshooters * * Loss, if any, not of record. t Detachment 7th New York attached. 120 I 1 1 Page 121 H 0 5, 44 N 04 CD 44 4-4 4-, 04 4 0 ~ o -4 ~. 04 N N CD 4 04 044 A-~4 04 ~ 040440 04 ~~o~noo 0 ~-4 04 0~o,~o 4 ~ ~-4044CD04 04~CD HH 0 0 5454 ~, CCDH CD CD 0 044 CD04 CD CD ~ 44 ~ ~ CD CD ~ CD 0 N z N ~1 ~-404 ~ 04040 ~ 0ZZZ~9 CD ~ CD CD CD CD ~ 54 CD ~:: ~CD~CD ~ CD~ C N.: ~::: ~ ~. . . N N CD N 04 00 00044 4 40044 04 ~ 4 4 ~04 4-04 04 0 -~ -~ 044 ~ ~ H ~t~4-~z: O CDCDCDCDCD. ~ g~ ~ CD CD CD CDCDCDCD 0404 ~CD 0 CD CD CD N CD 54 0 N z 4 04044 ~. CD N 04 44 0 04 044A 4-0 44~CD~ 40404-0 ~ 0 ~4 -4-4-4 CD 04 4-04--4 44-D 40 4040400404 04. N 444 04 4004N~-40 04 40N0400o~ 0440 0 CD CD N N N CD N N -4 -4 (2 54 44 fr4 z I, 0 54 CD Officers. Men. Officers. Men. (2 Officers. ~ CDCD Men. ~04 0 H H 0 t-4 ~J C) 0 04 H 4. 04 ~ 04 y, ~44 44444 ~ 04 I 04 --4 04 N 04 -I ~ CD CD Aggregate Page 122 c~ o~ co -~ ~ Vt 03 3~ t~ t+ 33 ~zzzzzz~ o 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 a 0 0 C C a a H a 0 a ~ 0 o cc Vt Vt 03 3 333Vt03..:3Aa 3,33+ ~ 3+ C. o 0 a a ~c3 0~1 0 o -~. a; to C -~ C a .~ C~ ~ a a H a ~-~a ~a; ,... 0. H a -~ 33 0. ~0 ~~ 3,3 33 33 aa ~- C ~ (3 H 0 a H ,33. A50 CrA~0~ C~0 ~003 0303A~0 03033003 303003 A 03 3003 Vt 0303 6 0 a C Officers. cc 0. Men. Officers. ~ 0 ~ ~ 033030: 30 ~ 300303C3~~03 03 30 3003~tA0303300303 ~ ~o 03~..03...,3.......: Men. o. -~ 031 A AA3-~Vt- ~ 03 ~cc 03A030330 Officers. ~ -~: : A 30 ~ 3030 AVt3-A03A Men. ~ 0 -C13Vt30-(1A03 30,, 03.. 03 A03300330 30-~3 03 A 03 ~ -~ c Aggregate. -5 o ~ ~ ~ H. z 3j3 H 0 Vt 5 I 03 -~ cc (13 C ~ 0 cc z Cr; z 0 a 0 0 a a 373 *033 CD a 0~ a 031 031 ~: o 0 a a ~U2 o ~ C o ~ a ~n 0~0. z ~ ~. c~ H ~3. a o 0~ C ~ 0 C C A ~ 03 03 30 03 0 ccc cc 3+. a 0 0 -a 3-3 cc (.3 C 3 Page 123 CRAP. XLVIII.] 1~APIDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1864Continued. Command. Killed. 1~ 0 ~ Wounded. a 15 a 0 ~ Captured or missing. a a 0 ~ FIFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. GOLIVERNEUR K. WARREN. PROVOST GUARD. 12th New York Battalion5 FIRST nIVISION. Brig. Gen. CHARLES GRIFFIN. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ROMEYN B. ATRES. Staff 140th New York 146th New York 91st Pennsylvania 155th Pennsylvania 2d United States 11th United States 12th United States 14th United States 17th United States Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. JACOB B. SWEITEER. 9th Massachusetts 22d Massachusettst 32d Massachusetts 4th Michigan 62d Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH J. BARTLETT. 20th Maine 18th Massachusetts 1st Michigan 16th Michigan~ 44th New York 83d Pennsylvania 118th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total First Division SECOND nIvISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN C. ROBINSON. First Brigade. Col. SAMUEL H. LEONAHD. Col. PETER LVLE. 16th Mainejj 13th Massachusetts 39th Massachusetts 104th New York 1 1 ~2 ii3 5 109 255 3 17 5 62 6 219 312 9 2 11 40 6 55 1 I 9 2 33 19 65 15 4 47 1 43 110 4 5 74 1 34 118 1 1 6 8 6 75 25 384 14 432 936 3 23 9 99 3. 137 5 1 3.3 3 42 16 3 19 29 4 42 8 47 1 5 61 3 41 14 224 1 18 301 1 12 2 80 16 111 8 3 24 29 64 4 3 44 12 64 3 37 40 1 3 1 61 1 67 15 2 59 24 100 2 1 37 25 65 3 47 12 342 107 511 12 163 51 950 15 557 1,748 19 1 20 40 2 8 1 11 5 12 17 2 2 Total First Brigade I 2 1 41 1 - 21 70 * Loss, if any, not of record. f 2d Company Massachusetts Sharpshooters attached. ~ Bradys company sharpshooters attached. ~ Assigned May 6. Including 5 men captured or missing from small detachment of 107th Pennsyl- vania, attached. 128 I S be be b Page 124 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1864Continued. [CHAP. XLVIII. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. ni be a a a a 0 0 0 n be a S a S a be 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY BAXTER. * Col. RICHARD COULTER. Staff 12th Massachusetts 83d New York (9th Militia) 97th New York 11th Pennevivania 88th Pennsylvania 90th }ennsylvaniat Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. ANDREW W. DENIsON. 1st Maryland 4th Maryland 7th Maryland 8th Maryland Total Third Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Can. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM McCANDLESS. 1st Pennsylvania Reserves 2d Pennsylvania Reserves 6th Pennsylvania R~erves 7th Pennsylvania Reserves 11th Pennsylvania Reserves 13th Pennsylvania Reserves (1st Rifles) .~ Total First Brigade Third Brigade. Col. JOSEPH W. FISHER. 5th Pennsylvania Reserves 8th Pennsylvania Reserves 10th Pennsylvania Reserves 12th Pennsylvania Reserves Total Third Brigade Total Third Division FOURTH nIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES S.WADSWORTH4 Brig. Gen. LYSANDER CUTLER. Staff 1 4 8 18 81 67 128 70 394 1 1 3 14 13 12 ....... 63 I 1 3 17 14 6 55 1 4 11 9 25 1 4 8 1 4 18 7 3 49 22 81 5 2 46 9 62 2 20 5 114 1 44 186 5 80 25 549 5 128 792 1 2 3 3 10 5 2 23 5 35 20 283 303 1 3 3 34 4 54 99 3 31 3 37 1 12 6 90 27 349 485 1 3 1 9 2 16 5 4 36 2 47 3 1 14 4 22 3 3 1 11 6 62 8 88 2 23 12 152 27 357 573 1 * Wounded May 6. t Assigned to First Brigade May 7. 4Mortally wounded May 6. 124 2 70 115 99 155 94 536 Page 125 -~ 0 ~~Ci2 H H ~ H ~ H 0 0 ~00 0 Ooooo 0 0 0 o ~2~2 ~ H ~ 0~ ~ ~ 00000 -~ ~00 00 0 ~ 0. 00000 0. 0 0 ~ 0. ~ 0 ~0 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~. . 0 0 0. 0 ~ ~0. 0 ~ 00 Officers. 0 Men. ~ ~-~0 0. ~ H 0. 0.0~0.~-~0. ~ Officers. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0. ~ Men. 0 0. -~ ~0. . Officers. 0~ 00 ~ ~ ~ ~1 ~ ~ ~ Men. ~0. 0 0. ~ -~ ~ ~ ~ -~-~-~o~ -~ ~0 Aggregate. 0. H H 0 ~ 0. H t~ z Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 072 2 0. 01 0 0 0 0 ~ ~. 0. HH 00 00 0. 0.0. ~ 0. 0 0 ~ 0. ~0 0 00. 0. ~1~i o g -___ I. ~i ~- 0 Page 126 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1864Continued. Killed. U a 0 ~ Wounded. Captured or missing. 53 53 a ~ I 0 ~ 0 ~ Is ci bc be SIXTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN SEnewscie. ESCORT. 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company A* FIR5T DIVISION. Brig. Gen. HORATIO G. WRIGHT. First Brigade. Col. HENRY W. BROWN. 1st New Jersey 2d New Jersey 3d New Jersey 4th New Jersey 10th New Jersey 15th New Jersey Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. EMORY UPTON. 5th Maine 121st New York 95th Pennsylvania 96th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. DAVID A. RUSSELL. 6th Maine 49th Pennsylvania 119th Pennsylvania 5th Wisconsin Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Brig. Gen. ALEXANDER SHALER.t Col. NELSON Caoss. Staff 65th New York 67th New York 122d New York 82d Pennsylvania (detachment) Total Fourth Brigade.. Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. GEORGE W. GETTY4 Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. NEiLL. 2 15 8 98 3 36 162 2 3 18 2 21 46 ~ 7 1 8 72 1 14 96 3 2 14 1 18 38 3 2 7 2 14 4 32 13 216 7 92 364 3 3 is 36 2 19 73 8 13 3 25 1 7 2 10 1 24 1 59 2 24 111 2 2 4 3 35 5 43 12 1 73 86 14 3 118 10 145 29 4 228 17 278 1 1 1 7 2 26 21 57 1 10 1 61 2 18 93 9 6 64 3 37 119 5 5 2 26 9 156 6 76 275 111 27 659 15 209 1.028 3 3 Staff * Loss, if any, not of record. ~ Captured May 6. t Wounded May 6, and was succeeded in command of the First, Second, and Fourth Brigades by General Wheaton, who was relieved by General Neill early on the morning of May 7, wheu the division was reunited. 126 Command Page 127 HH CD ~ ~CD * 0 CD ~ ~ CD CD CDI ~ CD CD -~ -K~ CD CD CD (V~ -~ CD CDCDCD. CD CD ~ (V(V-(V ~d000Z ~ (V~(V(V (V (V (V (V (Vt~ (V(V (V(V CD ~ CD - tCDCD CD ~ ~CD~ CD CDCD~CD CD CD VtCDXCD (V~! CD CDI ~ ~ i~l VCD CD~CD~ H (V (V ~. ri~ c~(V ~ D- o -. (V a; CD (V CD Ct2Z ~ (V~f~(V (V. 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Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. ~ H 15 Command. U I.) V S S 5 U II 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ARTILLERY HRIIT4ADE. Col. CHARLES H. TOMPKINS. Maine Light, 4th Battery (D)5 Massachusetts Light, 1st Battery (A)* New York Light, 1st Battery* New York Light, 3d Battery* 4th New York Heavy, 1st Battalion 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C* 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E* 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G* 5th United States, Battery M* Total Artillery ~rigade Total Sixth Army Corps CAVALRY CORPS.t Maj. Gen. PHILIP H. SHERIDAN. ESCORT. 6th United States5 FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. Alfred T. A. TORBERT4 Brig. Gen. WESLEY MERRITT. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEoROE A. CUSTER. 1st Michigan 5th Michigan 6th Michigan . 7th Michigan Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS C. DEVIN. 4th New York 6th New York 9th New York 17th Peunsylvanla Total Second Brigade Reserve Brigade. Brig. Gen. WELSEY MERRITT. ~Jol. ALFRED GIHBs. 19th New York (1st Dragoons) 6th Pennsylvania 1st United States 2d United States 5th United States 6 22 1 1 14 6 22 47 672 162 3,498 27 629 5,035 3 3 3 9 5 1 1 2 2 5 1 20 11 11 1 43 .il IS 12 5 i. 3 24 16 20 2 62 28 14 55 7 3 41 4 20 1 35 4 31 91 3 3 25 2 1 34 8 6 28 3 45 2 1 20 2 25 1 2 Total Reserve Brigade .... 1 33 11 110 6 37 198 Total First Division 1 49 19 194 6 46 315 * Loss, if any, not of record. I The casualties of this command on May S are also embraced in this table. ~ Relinquished command, on account of sickness, May 7. Detached guarding trains and prisoners. 12 Page 129 CHAP. XLVIII.] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e. -Continued. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1864Continued. Command. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID McM. GREGG. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRV E. DAVIES, Jr. 1St Massachusetts 1st New Jersey 6th Ohio 1st Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. J. IRVIN GREGG. 1st Maine 10th New York 2d Pennsylvania 4th Pennsylvania 8th Pennsylvania 16th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen, JAMES H. WILSON. Escort. 8th Illinois (detachmont) First Brigade. Col. TIMOTHY M. BRYAN, Jr. Col. JOHN B. McINTosH.* 1st Connecticut 2d New York 5th New York 18th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Killed. Wounded. 0 ~ 0 ~ 3 7 10 1 5 1 1 2 1 8 1 1 18 3 23 40 10 5 78 Captured or missing. I H a a Is 0 ~ 4 13 5 4 33 111 14 10 25 3 28 41 58 11 5 115 5 10 20 6 4 46 161 1 3 3 7 7 2 35 44 3 11 1 15 30 15 1 20 13 50 10 1 29 41 18 2 48 4 92 165 3 4 7 1 3 4 5 3 27 11 46 Second Brigade. Col. GEORGE H. CHAPMAN. 3d Indiana 8th New York 1st Vermont Total Second Brigade 6 3 30 Total Third Division 1 25 s 81 * Assigned May 5. 9 R RVOL XXXVI, PT I 18 57 12 Page 130 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. ~ B B SI I) Command. 1 I) B SI 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ FIRST BRICAOE HORSE ARTILLERY. Capt. JAMES M. ROBERTSON. New York Light, 6th Battery 2d United States, Batteries B and L* 2d United States, Battery D5 2d United States, Battery M* 4th United States, Battery A~ 4th United States, Batteries C and E Total First First Brigade Horse Artillery... Total Cavalry Corps ARTILLERY. Brig. Gen. HENRY J. HUNT. ARTILLERY RESERVE. Col. HENRY S. BURTON. First Brigade. Col. J. HOWARD KITURING. 6th New York Heavy 15th New York Heavy Total First Brigade Second Brigade.5 Maj. JOHN A. TOMPKINS. Maine Light, 5th Battery (E) 1st New Jersey Light, Battery A 1st New Jersey Light, Battery B New York Light, 5th Battery New York Light, 12th Battery 1st New York Light, Battery B Third Brigadet Maj. ROBERT H. FITZHIJGH. Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery 1st New York Light, Battery C New York Light, 11th Battery New York Light, 15th Battery 1st Ohio Light, Battery H 5th United States, Battery E Total Artillery Reserve HORSE ARTILLERY. Second Brigade4 Capt. DtINBAR R. RANSOM. 1st United States, Batteries E and G 1st United States, Batteries H and I 1st United States, Battery K 2d United States, Battery A 2d United States, Battery G 3d United States, Batteries C, F, and K 2 1 3 2 3 5 94 27 389 10 187 710 2 10 12 1 31 8 44 1 3 1 33 15 56 1 3 1 33 18 ~.G Total Army of the Potomac * Loss, if any, not of record. t Not engaged. ~ First Brigade attached to Cavalry Corps; Second Brigade not engaged. 127 1,879 513 10,292 137 3,078 16,026 130 [CHAP. XLVIII Page 131 CHAP. XLViJL] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 131 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. NINTH ARMY CORI?S.~ Maj. Gen. AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE. PROVOST tICARO. 8th U. S. Infantry t FIRST nivisiou. Brig. Gen. THOMAS G. STEVENSON. First Brigade. Col. SUMNER CARRUTH4 Col. JACOB P. Gouan. 35th Massachusetts 56th Massachusetts 57th Massachusetts 59th Massachusetts 4th United States 10th United States Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. DANIEL LEASURE. 3d Maryland 21st Massachusetts 100th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Artillery. Maine Light, 2d Battery (B)t Massachusetts Light, 14th Battery t Total First Division SE~ONO BIVISION. Brig. Con. ROBERT B. POTTER. First Brigade. Col. ZENAS R. BLIsS4 Col. JOHN I. CURTIN. 35th Massachusetts list New York 45th Pennsylvania 48th Pennsylvania 5th Rhode Island Total First Brigade * Under the direct orders of Lieutenant-General Grant. t Loss, if any, not of record. ~ Sun-struc]L May 6. ~ Train guard; not engaged. II Including 2 men wounded, assigned from 46th New York. Train guard Page 132 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of clasualties in the Union forces, & e.Contiuued. [CHAP. XLVIII. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1864Continued. Wounded. Captured or Killgd. missing. ~ . . CS i2 I) Command~ H 0 H H H ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Brigade. Col. SIMON G. GRIFFIN. Staff 31st Maine 32d Maine* 6th New Hampshire 9th New Hampshire5 11th New Hampshire 17th Vermont Total Second Brigade Artillery. Massachusetts Light, 11th Battery* New York Light, 19th Battery* Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig Gen. ORLANDO B. WILLcox. Staff First Brigade. Col. JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 2d Michigan 8th Michigan 17th Michigan 27th Michigafll 109th New York 51st Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Coif BENJAMIN C. CHRIST. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters 20th Michigan 79th New York * 60th Ohio t 50th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Artillery. Maine Light, 7th Battery (G) * New York Light, 34th Battery5 Total Third Division FOURTH DIVISION. 1 1 cAvALRy. 3d New Jersey 22d New York 2d Ohio 13th Pennsylvania5 3 8 13 31 4. 60 154 3 28 1 1 31 44 46 74 208 68 1 422 1 47 562 . 2 2 6 3 29 38 10 6 74 14 105 5 37 42 2 10 4 56 6 78 11 1 63 1 76 1 8 1 57 1 68 4 50 15 316 22 407 4 23 2 ~9 1 7 2 3 5 12 57 71 16 2 88 6 112 4 66 19 404 28 521 6 1 4 .1 Totalcavairy 2 * Loss, if any, not of record. 1st and 2d Colnpanies Michigan Sharpshooters attached. ~ 9th and 10th Companies Ohio Sharpshooters attached. Not engaged. 6 5 2 13 11 13 Page 133 RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 100 ide) Return of Casuatties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5-7, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. a ~j ~lI a - bI ~ 0 ~ RESERVE ARTILLERY. Capt. JOHN EnwARns, Jr. New York Light, 27th Battery 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery D* 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery 11* 2d United States, Battery E* 3d United States, Battery G* 3d United States, Batteries L and M* PROVISIONAL BRICAnE. Col. ELISHA G. MARSHALL. 24th New York CaValry (dismounted)* 14th New York Heavy A.rtillery 1 7 5 2d Pennsylvania Provisional Heavy Artillery 1 1 Total Provisional Brigade 1 8 9 Total Ninth Army Corps 16 224 56 1,176 1 16~ 1,640 RECAPITULATION. Army of the Potomac 127 1,879 513 10,292 137 3,078 16,026 Ninth Army Corps 16 224 56 1, 176 1 167 1,640 Grand total 143 2,103 569 11,468 138 3,245 17,666 OFFICERS KILLED 01? MORTALLY WOU1VDED. CONNECTICUT. Capt. Samuel Fiske, 14th Infantry. I Lieut. Frederick Shalk, 14th Infantry. INDIANA. Capt. George P. Clayton, 7th Infantry. Capt. Henry Quigley, 20th Infantry. Lieut. Huron J. Caidwell, 14th Infantry. Lieut. Edward C. Sutherland, 20th Ir~ Col. Samuel J. Williams, 19th Infantry. fantry. MAINE. Lieut. Col. Edwin Burt, 3d Infantry. Capt. George 0. Getchell, 3d Infantry. Capt. George W. Harvey, 3d Infantry. Maj. Robert H. Gray, 4th Infantry. Capt. Amos B. Wooster, 4th Infantry. Capt. Edwin Libby, 4th Infantry. Lieut. Christopher C. Gray, 4th Infantry. Lieut. Alvin S. ITall, 7th Infantry. Lieut. Benjamin Doe, 17th Infantry. Lieut. Frederick W. Lane, 20th Infantry. Lieut. John M. Sherwood, 20th Infantry. Capt. Albert H. Packard, 31st Infantry. Lieut. Albert J. Snow, 31st Infantry. MARYLAND. Lient. Levi T. Heath, 1st Infantry. Capt. Charles H. C. Reinicker, 3d Infan- try. Capt. John Atkinhead, 3d Infantry. Lieut. Robert M. Gorsuch, 4th Infantry. Capt. Adam B. Martin, 6th Infantry. Lieut. Alexander F. Myers, 6th Infan- try. * Loss, if any, not of record. CHAP. XLVIII. Page 134 OPIEIIATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. MASSACHUSETTS. Lieut. Henry W. Nichols, 7th Infantry. Capt. James W. McNamara, 9th Infan- try. Capt. William A. Phelan, 9th Infantry. Lient. Charles B. MeGinnisken, 9th In- fantry. Lieut. Nicholas C. Flaherty, 9th Infan- try. Lieut. Alfred W. Midgley, 10th Infantry. Lieut. William A. Ashley, 10th Infantry. Lieut. Col. David Allen, jr., 12th Infan- try. Lient. Joseph H. Stuart, 13th Infantry. Capt. Joseph S. Hills, 16th Infantry. Lieut. John H. Woodfin, 10th Infantry. Maj. Henry L. Abbott, 20th Infantry. Capt. Charles V. Smith, 28th Infantry. Capt. James A. Mclntire, 28th Infantry. Col. Charles E. Griswold, 56th Infantry. Capt. Joseph W. Gird, 57th Infantry. Lieut. James M. Childs, 57th Infantry. MIcHIGAN. Capt. Darius C. Bradish, 1st Infantry. Capt. Wilberforce HUrlbut, 5th Infantry. Capt. Andrew Nickerson, 3d Infantry. Col. Frank Graves, 8th Infantry. Lieut. Milton Leonard, 3d Infantry. Capt. George Hutton, 24th Infantry. Lieut. Col. George W. Lumbard, 4th In- Lieut. William B. Ilutchinson, 24th In- fantry. fantry. Capt. William H. Loveland, 4th Infan- Lieut. Arthur Christian, 27th Infantry. try. Lieut. James Plummer, 27th Infantry. Capt. George W. Rose, 5th Infantry. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Capt. A~ust~s S. Edgerly, 9th Infantry. Lieut. Arthur E. Hutchins, 11th Infan Lieut. 4J61. Moses N. Collins, 11th Infan- try. try. NEW JERSEY. Lient. Benjamin L. Moffett, 1st Infantry. Lient. Carley Swan, 1st Infantry. Lient. Charles Segreaves, 1st Infantry. Capt. Henry H. Callan, 2d Infantry. Capt. Jacob Bogert, 2d Infantry. NEW Capt. Luke McGuinn, 5th Cavalry. Lieut. Perry Bly, 9th Cavalry. Lieut. James Walker, 4th Heavy Artil- lery. Capt. Harrison T. Walcott, 40th Infantry. Lient. Col. John Wilson, 43d Infantry. Maj. John Fryer, 43d Infantry. Capt. William Wallace, 43d Infantry. Lient. Theodore S. Bailey, 43d Infantry. Capt. Seth F. Johnson, 44th Infantry. Capt. Charles H. Hickmott, 49th In- fantry. Capt. John F. E. Plogsted, 49th Infantry. Capt. William T. Wiggins, 49th Infantry. Lieut. Henry C.Valentine, 49th Infantry. Lient. Reuben M. Preston, 49th Infantry. Capt. Daniel E. Jenkins, 51st Infantry. Lieut. Col. Alford B. Chapman, 57th In- fantry. Maj. Thomas Touhy, 63d Infantry. Capt. Peter T. Boyle, 63d Infantry. Capt. William W. Tracy, 65th Infantry. Capt. T. Colden Cooper, 67th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Chamberlain, 70th Infan- try. Capt. Patrick Nolan. ~1st Infantry. Capt. Norman G. Bartholomew, t6th In- fantry. Lieut. John Kelly, 82d Infantry. Col. Joseph A. Moesch, 83d Infantry. Capt. Patrick Ryder, 88th Infantry. Lent. John Sparks, 88th Infantry. Col. Henry 0. Ryerson, 10th Infantry. Capt. Isaac T. Thackray, 10th Infantry. Lieut. John M. Fogg, 12th Infantry. Capt. Ellis Hamilton, 15th Infantry. YORK. Capt. Dennis E. Barnes, 93d Infantry. Capt. John Bailey, 93d Infantry. Lieut. Norman F. Eidridge, 93d Infan- try. Lient. Robert L. Gray, 93d Infantry. Capt. Benjamin B. Burn, 95th Infantry. Lient. Charles W. Osborn, 95th Infantry. Lieut. Stark W. Woodrow, 95th Infan- try. Lieut. Francis T. Brennan, 97th Infan- try. Lieut. William C. Drescher, 97th Infan- try. Lieut. Horace G. Hill, 111th Infantry. Lieut. James W. Snedaker, 111th In- fantry. Lieut. John J. Lockwood, 120th Infan- try. Lieut. Martin L. Wilson, 122d Infantry. Lieut. Col. Aaron B. Myer, 125th Infan- try. Capt. Angust Meyer, 140th Infantry. Lient. Frederick Baner, 140th Infantry.~ Lieut. Joseph H. Pool, 140th Infantry. Col. David T. Jenkins, 146th Infantry. Maj. Henry H. Curran, 146th Infantry. Lieut. Peter D. Froeligh, 146th Infantry. Capt. Cornelius C. Billings, 151st Infan-~ try. Capt. Washington W. Hulser, 152d In- fantry. 134 [ChAp. XLVIII Page 135 RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. OHIO. Lient. Channing L. Pettibone, 4th In- fantry. Maj. William S. McElwain, 110th In- fantry. Capt. John M. Smith, 110th Infantry. Lient. Joseph McKnight, 110th Infantry. Capt. Joseph Work, 122d Infantry. Capt. Oliver W. France, 126th Infantry. Capt. Richard M. Lyons, 126th Infantry. Capt. Jonathan S. McCready, 126th In- fantry. Lieut. Robert Hillis, 126th Infantry. PENNSYLVANIA. Lieut. Frank J. Dungan, 2d Cavalry. Lieut. William Kirk, 0th Cavalry. Lieut. Col. George Dare, 5th Reserves. Lient. J. Woods Russell, 5th Reserves. Capt. Daniel D. Jones, 11th Reserves. Lieut. Archibald MT. Stewart, 11th Re- serves. Capt. John 0. Campbell, 45th Infantry. Licut. Evan R. Goodfellow, 45th Infan- try. Lieut. John S. Moore, 51st Infantry. Lient. Henry C. Titman, 56th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Evey, 56th Infantry. Capt. William 0. H. Robinson, 61st In- fantry. Lieut. Frank M. Brown, 61st Infantry. Capt. George W. McCulloch, 63d Infan- try. Lieut. David A. Strachan, 63d Infantry. Capt. Richard L. R. Shreve, 72d Infan- try. Lieut. Col. Milton Opp, 84th Infantry. Capt. Edward H. Rogers, 93d Infantry. Lieut. Maxwell B. Goodrich, 93d Infan- try. Lieut. Col. Edward Carroll, 95th Infan- try. Lieut. Charles II. Wiedman, 98th In- fantry. Lieut. Christopher Smith, 99th Infantry. Col. John W. Patterson, 102d Infantry. Capt. Thomas E. Kirkbride, 102d Infan- try. Lieut. Jacob Drum, 102d Infantry. Lieut. Col. Jacob W. Greenawalt, 105th Infantry. Capt. William J. Clyde, 105th Infantry. Capt. James Hamilton, 105th Infantry. Lieut. George G. Lovett, 119th Infantry. Lieut. John E. Essick, 138th Infantry. Lieut. John H. Fisher, 138th Infantry. Maj. Abraham H. Snyder, 139th Infan- try. Lieut. Ephraim C. Grace, 139th Infantry. Lieut. George H. Collins, 142d Infantry. Lieut. Col. John D. Musser, 143d Infan- try. Lieut. Michael Keenan, 143d Infantry. Lieut. John C. Kropp, 143d Infantry. Capt. Horatio Bell, 150th Infantry. Capt. Roland Stoughton, 150th Infantry. RHODE ISLAND. Capt. Joseph Mclntire, 2d Infantry. UNITED STATES ARMY. Capt. Joseph P. Ash, 5th Cavalry. Capt. Sullivan W. Burbank, 14th Infan- Lieut. Charles I. Pleasants, 11th Infan- try. try. Lieut. Daniel M. Brodhead, 14th Infan- Lieut. Wright Staples, 11th Infantry. try. Lieut. Jean P. Wagner, 12th Infantry. UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. Brig. Gen. Alexander Hays. Lieut. Michael McGeough, 1st Sharp- Brig. Gen. James S. Wadsworth. shooters. Capt. James B. Turner, assistant adju- Capt. Albert Buxton, 2d Sharpshooters. taut-general. Lient. Thomas J. Tarbell, 2d Sharp- Capt. Robert S. Seabury, assistant adju- sho taut-general. oters. ChAP. XLVIIl.] 18 Page 136 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. ICHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. VERMONT. Col. Newton Stone, 2d Infantry. Lieut. Col. John S. Tyler, 2d Infantry. Capt. Orville E. Bixby, 2d Infantry. Capt. Enoch H. Bartlett, 3d Infantry. Capt. Erastus Buck, 3d Infantry. Lieut. Abel Morrill, 3d Infantry. Capt. Joseph W. D. Carpenter, 4th In- fantry. Capt. Dennie W. Farr, 4th Infantry. Capt. Daniel Lillie, 4th Infantry. Lieut. Thomas Ensworth, 4th Infantry. Lieut. William H. Martin, 4th Infantry. Lieut. Isaac A. Putnam, 4th Infantry, Lieut. Winfield S. Wooster, 4th Infantry. Capt. George D. Davenport, 5th Infantry. Capt. Alouzo R. Hurlbut, 5th Infantry. Capt. Charles J. Ormsbee, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Orris H. Sweet, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Watson 0. Beach, 5th Infantry. Col. Elisha L. Barney, 6th Infantry. Capt. Riley A. Bird, 6th Infantry. Capt. George C. Randall, 6th Infantry. Lieut. George C. Babcock, Gtb Infantry. Lieut. Albert A. Crane, 6th Infantry. WISCONSIN. Capt. John R. Spoerry, 2d Infantry. Lieut. William Noble, 2d Infantry. Lieut. Edwin P. Mills, 5th Infantry. Maj. Philip W. Plummer, 6th Infantry. Capt. Rollin P. Converse, 6th Infantry. Lieut. James L. Converse, 6th Infantry. Capt. Jefferson Newman, 7th Infantry. Lieut. James Holmes, 7th Infantry. Lieut. William W.Walrath, 7th Infantry. SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864.* Command. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. ESCORT. 5th U. S. Cavalry, Companies B, F, and Kt ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEAnE. PROVOST GUARD. Brig. Gen. MARSENA H. PATRIcK. 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, Companies C and D. 80th Now York Infantry (20th Militia)t 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry t 68th Pennsylvania Infantry 114th Pennsylvania Iufantry!t Total Provost Guard ENGINEER TROOPS. 50th New York Battalion United States Total Engineer Troops t GUARDS AND ORDERLIES. Killed. II 0 Wounded. U 5 0 ~ Captured or missing. 0 ~ 3 3 3. 3 3 3 II 2 Independent Company Ofleida (New York) Cavalry 2 * Under the general designation of the battle of Spotsylvania Court-House there is included the series of combats variously known as Todds Tavern, Corbins Bridge, Alsops Farm, Laurel Hill, Ny River, Po River, The Angle or the Salient, Piney Branch Church, Harris Farm, Guineys Station, & c. ~ Loss, if any, not of record. 13 Page 137 RAPJDAN TO THE JAMES. 137 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLVANJA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1861Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. CI bE a a a a o ~ .~ . bE o ~ 0 ~ 0 a bE ~ SECOND ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. WINFIELD S. HANCOCK. Staff 2 2 1st Vermont Cavalry, Company M * (escort) Total FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. FRANCIS C. BARLOW. First Brigade. Col. NELSON A. MILES. Staff 26th Michigan 61st New York 81st Pennsylvania 140th Pennsylvania ISId Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. ThOMAS A. SMYTH.t Col. RICHARD BYRNES. 28th Massachusetts 63d New York 69th New York 88th New York 116th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. PAUL FRANK. Col. HIRAM L. BROWN4 Col. CLINTON D. MACDOUGALL. Staff 39th New York 52d New York 57th New York!! 111th New York 125th New York 126th New York . Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. JOHN H. BROOKE. 2d Delaware 64th New York 66th New York 53d Pennsylvania 145th Pennsylvania 148th Pennsylvania Total Fourth Brigade 2 2 1 1 35 6 115 11 167 2 19 5 74 2 102 1 9 2 61 4 77 34 6 120 9 169 2f 16 2 107 1 33 161 113 22 477 1 59 677 2 21 3 76 8 110 1 5 22 3 31 1 16 3 79 23 122 2 20 3 25 1 7 2 50 30 90 5 Si 5 247 67. 378 4 13 83 25 132 2 19 9 106 28 164 12 13 62 2 8 3 71 6 90 2 4 5 32 7 50 7 56 31 325 1 79 499 2 4 1 23 11 41 3 9 3 48 1 11 75 1 8 2 42 20 73 1 25 1 122 28 177 4 19 5 98 1 45 172 33 10 225 3.3 301 11 98 22 558 2 148 839 Total First Division 28 318 83 1,607 4 351 2,393 * Loss, if any, not of record. tAssigned to command Third Brigade, Second Division, May 17. t Assigned May 10; captured May 12. ~ Detachment Seventh New York attached. H On provost duty at Fredericksburg. CHAP. XLVIII. Page 138 H 0 a ri2 a a 0 n s0~ -~. ~ a c~a nnnn. aaaa: H 0 a a n ~ 0 a ~ a 0 ~. 0~ ~j2 a 0 C~nA ~ ~ ~ a a ~i) ~. aaa ;~:: ~ ~C,2aa. .z... 0 a ~ 0 a ~. ~. ~ 0 0 a ~ q~ a _ a za ~ ~ -~ ra~ 0 0 z a a A . ~A: Officers. . . . a . . . 0. :~.. ...: Men. 03 a~A-~Q~0 0030C-~1 -~ ~.: A?0~A ~: AA Officers. ~ 0 0 a 0. Men. 0 03 eO n~N.30 ~a.-~n 0. 03 ~o~oa~ 033~n~ 0303~303O. 9 C~2 . . . . . Officers. . . 03... 03... . ... ... ~. ~. Men. a C3~ -~ -~0303 03 A 0 03 03~0030303 03 03A~003 03~0A03~o Aggregate. 0303 0303A03 -~ ~ A A A H 0 a H 0~ a a ~(O~4+4 * CD~ ~ a ~-~a~ -~-~ 0~ 0 0 0 a a 0 H 0 z z z 0 -~ H ~ 03 0 ~ z a 0 a a ~ 0 a 03~ ~ ~ 0 a a 0 a ~ ~ 0 0 ~ 0 ~ a 0. ~ Page 139 CHAP. XLVIII.] 1~APIpAN TO THE JAMI~S. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLYANIA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864Continued. Command. Fourth Brigade.* Col. MATHEW MURPHY.t (101. JAMES P. Mclvoa. 155th New York 164th New York 170th New York 182d New York (69th New York National Guard Artillery). Total Fourth Brigade Total Second Division rrnan nivisioN. Maj. Gen. DAvIn B. BIENEY. Killed. O a o ~ 2 I 3 21 8 10 9 4 Wounded. Captured or missing. a a O a a o ~ .o ~ 3 3 3 31 11 189 71 42 63 15 20 140 5 14 2 3 24 i,i7i~ 4 162 58 92 29 30 209 1,563 Staff 2 2 First Brigade. Brig. Con. J. H. HOBART WARD. Col. THOMAS W. EGAN4 Staff 20th Indiana 3d Maine 40th New York 86th New York 124th New York 99th Pennsylvania 110th Pennsylvania 141st Pennsylvania 2d U. S. Sharpshooters Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. JOHN S. CHecKER. Col. ELIJAH WALKRR. 4th Maine 17th Maine 3d Michigan 5th Michigan 93d New York 57th Pennsylvania 63d Pennsylvania 105th Pennsylvania 1st U. S. Sharpshooters Total Second Brigade Total Third Division FOURTH nIvIsIO~4J Brig. Gen. GERSHOM MoTT. .5 9 9 11 15 7 5 4 3 12 75 2 4 6 3 3 2 3 32 ii 48 50 77 40 47 50 34 35 422 1 1 3 14 27 28 8 6 10 8 3 112 61 74 96 125 61 63 68 47 53 649 1 13 9 23 3 3 51 12 69 1 1 37 6 45 5 44 9 58 3 2 35 1 4 45 1 5 3 19 4 32 1 1 21 12 35 3 5 19 1 4 32 1 4 1 18 1 25 2 25 17 257 2 61 364 100 Si 679 5 173 1,015 Staff 1 * Joined May 17. Wounded May 18. ~ Assigned May 12. ~ Assigned May 18. Ii Assigned as the Third and Fourth Brigades of the Third Division May 1~3, Mott taking command of the former and Brewster of the latter brigade. All losses from May 8 to 21 are given without regard to the change of organization. io~ Page 140 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. H I H Command. I) u u H H H H 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ First Brigade. Col. ROBERT MCALLISTER. Staff 1st Massachusetts 16th Massachusetts 5th New Jersey 6th New Jersey 7th New Jersey 8th New Jersey 11th New Jersey 26th Pennsylvania 115th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM H. BREWSTER. 11th Massachusetts 70th New York 71st New York 72d New York 7.3d New York 74th New York 120th New York 84th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Total Fourth Division FOURTH DIVISION (HEAVY ARTILLEI v).5 Brig. Gen. ROBERT 0. TYLER. 1st Maine 1st Massachusetts 2d New York 7th New York 8th New York . Total Fourth Division (heavy artillery) ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. JOHN C. TIDBALL. Staff Maine Light, 6th Battery (F) Massachusetts Light, 10th Battery New Hampshire Light, 1st Battery 1st New Jersey Light, Battery B P 1st New York Light, Battery G 4th New York Heavy, 3d Battalion New York Light, 11th Battery New York Light, 12th Battery t 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery Ft 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B 4th United States, Battery K 5th United States, Batteries C and I Total Artillery Brigade 1 Total Second Army Corps 78 i 4 2 1 2 6 6 7 1 28 16 26 27 4 21 30 19 2 2 2 2 I 48 36 20 33 42 7 31 40 19 8 19 19 212 1 18 277 5 2 33 4 44 2 2 29 10 43 3 1 11 2 17 1 3 27 9 40 3 2 20 2 30 1 2 1 11 1 16 10 2 12 8 1 27 1 37 4 24 .12 168 31 239 12 43 32 380 1 49 517 5 76 7 388 5 481 2 48 17 295 28 390 1 16 3 95 1 1 117 2 7 2 58 7 76 8 1 20 4 33 10 155 30 856 1 45 1,097 1 1 ,1 1 I 1 1 2 1 2 6 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 3 8 1 4 5 1 1 14 16 11 5 35 4 ~5 816 274 4,673 15 786 I 6,C42 * Joined May 15 and 19. ~ Transferred from Artillery Reserve May 16. ~ Loss, if any, not of record. 1 3 2 3 1 8 2 14 Page 141 RAPIDAN TO TIlE JAMES. - Return of Casulties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. ii Command. ~/i ii Is H H H H n ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 15 1 FIFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. GOtIVERNEUR K. WARREN. Staff PROVOST GUARD. 12th New York Battalion* FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. CHARLES GRIFFIN. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ROMEYN B. ATRES. 140th New York 146th New York 91st Pennsylvania 155th Pennsylvania 2d United States 11th United States 12th United States 14th United States 17th United States Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. JACOB B. SWEITEER. - 9th Massachusetts 22d Massachusetts t 32d Massachusetts 4th Michigan 62d Pennsylvania Total Second Brigttde Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH J. BARTLETT. 20th Maine 18th Massachusetts 1st Michigan 16th Michigan ~ 44th New York 83d Pennsylvania 118th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN C. RosI~SoN. Col. RICHARD COULTER. Staff 1 1 2 10 3 45 60 3 1 12 16 9 3 60 72 7 51 2 61 12 4 30 3 49 17 1 100 10 128 3 5 32 25 65 12 3 83 98 13 5 58 4 80 3 86 25 471 44 629 2 23 3 68 9 105 1 17 52 9 79 23 5 96 5 129 5 1 28 4 38 13 5 107 18 144 4 81 14 351 45 495 1 7 3 18 2 31 1 14 1 16 2 1 18 22 7 33 3 43 8 3 52 9 72 19 4 115 24 164 9 2 29 2 42 4 53 13 279 41 390 11 220 52 1,101 130 1,514 1 * Loss, if any, not of record. ~ 2d Company Massachusetts Sharpshooters attached. t Bradys Company Michigan Sharpshooters attached. ~ Wounded May 8. On May 9, the division was temporarily disbanded, the First Brigade being attached to the Fourth Division, and the Second to the Third Divis- ion; the Third Brigade served as an independent command under direct orders of the corps commander. This arrangement Continued till May 30. CHAP. XLVIII.] 14 Page 142 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864Continued. Killed. [CHAP. XLVIII. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. First Brigade. Col. PETER LYLE. 16th Maine 13th Massachusetts 39th Massachusetts 104th New York 90th Pennsylvania 107th Pennsylvania * Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. RIcHARD COULTERt CoL JAMES L. BATES. 12th Massachusetts 83d New York (9th Militia) 97th New York 11th Pennsylvania 88th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. ANDREW W. DENIsoN4 Col. CHARLES E. PHELPS. CoL RIcHARD N. BOWERMAN. 1st Maryland 4th Maryland 7th Maryland 8th Maryland Total Third Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL W. CRAWUORD. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM McCANDLEsS4 Col. WILLIAM C. TALLEY. Col. WELLINGTON H. ENT. Col. SAMUEL M. JAcEsoN. Col. MARTIN D. HARDIN. 1st Pennsylvania Reserves 2d Pennsylvania Reserves 6th Pennsylvania Reserves 7th Pennsylvania Reserves 11th Pennsylvania Reserves 13th Pennsylvania Reserves (1st Rifles) 3 0 13 1 18 5 6 43 9 1 6 2 19 110 23 115 36 42 1 327 2 11 18 28 4 3 64 ii ci be be 143 45 16S 46 54 2 458 2 14 3 29 1 49 2 27 6 88 5 128 6 2 65 2 75 9 2 97 3 112 14 3 62 2 81 5 70 16 341 13 445 10 6 58 20 2 2 40 7 6 2 41 2 10 5 3 35 6 2 23 13 10 136 49 6 3 9 14 33 2 3 1 11 174 2 43 842 4 /3 20 38 2 7 59 199 2 3 120 13 4 2 21 2 94 52 61 50 257 1,161 96 27 54 2 9 81 269 Total First Brigade * Joined May 16. ~ Coulter assumed command of the division and Bates of the brigade May 8. The former returned to the brigade May 9, and being Wounded May 18 was again suc- ceeded by Bates. twounded May 8. ~ Wounded and captured May 8. Captured May 8. .A88unled command May 18. 14 Page 143 HAPIDAK TO THE JAMES. 143 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded Captured or missing. ~ H H Command. a n H a H 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Third Brigade. Col. JOSEPH W. FISHER. 5th Pennsylvania Reserves 8th Pennsylvania Reserves* 10th Pennsylvania Reserves 12th Pennsylvania Reserves Total Third Brigade Total Third Division FOURTH nIVISION. Brig. Gen. LYSANDER CUTLER. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM W. ROBINSON. 7th Indiana 19th Indiana 24th Michigan 1st Battalion New York Sharpshooters 2d Wisconsint 6th Wisconsin 7th Wisconsin Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JAMES C. RICE4 Col. EnWARD B. FOWLER. Col. J. WILLIAM HOFMANN. Staff 76th New York 84th New York (14th Militia) 95th New York 147th New York 66th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. EDWARn S. BRAGG. 121st Pennsylvania 142d Pennsylvania 143d Pennsylvania 149th Pennsylvania 150th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total Fourth Division HEAVY ARTILLERY BRIGAnEl! Col. J. HOWARD KITcHING. 6th New York 15th New York (1st and 3d Battalions) 9 6 .9 7 2 4 17 .49 24 16 1 2 5 12 2 31 65 45 25 1 31 6 106 1 21 166 3 64 17 305 4 42 435 1 8 3 35 47 6 2 31 36 20 2 37 1 60 1 2 11 14 1 2 2 6 2 8 3 65 5 83 19 1 57 3 80 4 63 13 238 11 329 1 1 7 1 41 3 52 12 6 99 5 123 6 2 49 8 65 8 2 30 3 41 6 1 28 1 36 2 39 12 247 20 320 1 6 16 23 4..... 19 8 31 15 52 3 73 1 11 3 81 3 99 7 2 41 1 51 3 43 7 209 15 277 9 145 32 694 46 926 18 6 125 12 161 ... 18 1 131 1 5 156 Total Heavy Artillery Brigade 36 7 256 * Left army May 15. ~ Provost guard of division from May 11. 4 Killed May 10. ~ Relieved May 21. Transferred from the Artillery Reserve May 13. 17 317 CHAP. XLVIII. Page 144 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLYANIA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864Continued. Killed. Command. H I) I) 0 ~ Wounded. Ct I) o I) o ~ Captured or missing. I) 0 H 0 ~ Massachusetts Light, 3d Battery (C) Massachusetts Light, 5th Battery (E) Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery* 1st New York Light, Battery B* 1st New York Light, Battery C* 1st New York Light, Battery B. 1st New York Light, Batteries E and L 1st New York Light, Battery H New York Light, 5th Battery* New York Light, 15th Battery* 4th New York Heavy, 2d Battalion 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery B 4th United States, Battery B 5th United States, Battery D Total Artillery Brigade Total Eifth Army Corps SIXTH ARMY CORPS. - Maj. Gen. JOHN SEnewIcK. t Brig. Gen. HORATIO 0. WRIGHT. Staff ESCORT. 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company At FIRST DIVISION. 1 6 3 2 6 ii. 2 6 2 7 5 4 7 1 76 2 10 3 1 7 23 5 87 11 126 33 624 163 3,285 9 366 4,480 1 1 Brig. Gen. HORATIO G. WRIGHT. Brig. Gen. DAVID A. RUSSELL. First Brigade. Col. HENRY W. BROWN. Col. WILLIAM H. PENROSE. Staff 1st New Jersey 2d New Jersey 3d New Jersey 4th New Jersey 10th New Jersey 15th New Jersey 3 19 15 15 71 6 4 2 2 125 17 36 92 62 78 157 473 1 1 1 1 2 S 2 13 26 29 6 49 36 154 62 68 148 89 149 272 789 I 1 Total ITirst Brigade 7 Second Brigade. Col. EMORY UPTON. 5th Maine 121st New York 3 46 95th Pennsylvania 26 96th Pennsylvania 31 Total Second Brigade 4 119 * Transferred from the Artillery Reserve May 16. was sent to Washington May 19. tKilled May 9. ~ Loss, if any, Rot of record. 81 1 18 131 97 155 79 2~ 135 109 32 178 32 366 1 77~ 599 The 5th New York Battery 14 9 3 6 144 ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. CHARLES S. WAINWRIGHT Page 145 CHAP. XLVIII.i RAPIDAN TO THJ~ JAMES. 145 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLVANJA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21. 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or ______________________________ missing. Command. 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. DAvID A. RUSSELL. Brig. Ceo. HENRY L. EusTIs. Staff 1 3 8 7 96 21 j~s 49th Pennsylvania 3 47 12 168 44 274 119th Pennsylvania 3 28 1 88 2.5 145 5th Wisconsin 2 17 5 97 28 149 Total Third Brigade 11 100 26 449 118 704 Fourth Brigade. Col. NELSON CROSS. 65th New York 1 19 2 46 1 28 97 67th NewYork 3 15 28 2 48 122d New York 20 1 3 24 82d Pennsylvania (detachment) 1 1 2 Total Fourth Brigade 4 35 2 95 2 33 171 Total First Division 26 379 77 1,381 16 382 2,26.3 SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. NEILL. Staff First Brigade. Brig. Can. FRANK WHEATON. 62d New York 93d Pennsylvania 98th Pennsylvania 102d Pennsylvania 139th Pennsylvania Second Brigade. Brig. Can. LEWIS A. GRANT. 1st Vermont (heavy artillery)* 2d Vermont 3d Vermont 4th Vermont 5th Vermont 6th Vermont Total Second Brigade Third Brigodc. Col. DANIEL D. BIDWELL. Staff Maine 43d New York 49th New York 77th New York 61st Pennsylvania 10 R RVOL XXXVI, PTI 1 1 2 1 9 12 9 2 68 79 2 18 20 5 1 38 44 12 3 100 116 Total First Brigade 30 7 233 1 271 2 2 21 25 27 5 75 16 123 21 1 52 74 5 37 42 8 2 58 7 7L 8 1 28 37 71 11 271 23 376 1 1 2 18 14 83 9 126 3 35 1 12 51 20 5 84 1 17 131 2 9 5 65 3 23 107 1 30 6 96 6 139 Total Third Brigade 9 77 ~ 363 I 1 67 555 *Joined May 14 Page 146 OPERAIIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864Continued. Killed. Command. a 0 Wounded. 0 [CHAP. XLVIII. Captured or missing. a a 0 ~ Fourth Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENaY L. EUSTIS. Col. OLIvEa EnwARns. 7th Massachusetts 10th Massachusetts 37th Massachusetts 2d Rhode Island Total Fourth Brigade Total Second Division rman nivisiou. Brig. Gen. JAMES B. RIcKETTs. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM H. Moaals.* Col. JOHN W. ScHALL. Col. WILLIAM S. THUEX.t Staff 14th New Jersey 106th New York 151st New York 87th Pennsylvania 10th Vermont Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. BENJAMIN F. SMITH. 6th Maryland 110th Ohio 122d Ohio 126th Ohio 6~ th Pennsylvania 138th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Total Third Division AHTILLEIt~ HRICADE. Col. CHARLEs H. ToMPKINs. Maine Light, 4th Battery (D) Maine Light, 5th Battery (E)t Massachusetts Light, 1st Battery (A) 1st New Jersey Light, Battery At New York Light, 1st Battery New York Light, 3d Battery 4th New York Heavy (1st Battalion) 1st Ohio Light, Battery Ht 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G 5th United States, Battery Et 5th United States, Battery M Total Artillery Brigade 1 1 .i. 14 16 14 jo. 9 2 10 54 56 30 2 13 10 6 14 92 91 53 3 45 21 150 .31 250 12 223 74 1,017 5 122 1,453 1 1 4 24 28 i 5 1 31 38 2 20 1 23 32 2 35 1 2 1 21 24 1 14 3 128 3 149 1 1 4 6 4 2 28 34 1 1 10 12 20 56 1 78 1 12 2 15 1 11 12 2 28 3 121 3 157 3 42 6 249 6 306 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 S 6 2 1 13 3 19 Total Sixth Army Corps 42 646 I 158 2,662 * Wounded May 9 ~ Assumed command May 14. t Transferred from Artillery Reserve May 16. 146 CS H a H H 21 513 I 4,042 Page 147 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO TILE JAMES. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLVANJA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. - Command. bD I) I) I) II C) . 0 0 . n I~ I) I~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ CAVALRY CORPS.* ARTILLERY. Brig. Gen. HENRY J. HUNT. SECOND BRIGADE HORSE ARTILLERY. Capt. DUNJIAR H. RANSOM. 1st United States, Batteries E and Gt 1st United States, Batteries H and It 1st United States, Battery Kt 2d United States, Battery At 2d United States, Battery Ct 3d United Sta s, Batteries C, F, and Kt ARTILLERY PARK. Lieut. Col. FREEMAN MOGILVERY. 15th New York HeaYy Artillery (2d Battalion) .... UNATTACHED CAVALRY. 22d New York Total Army of the Potomac NINTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE. Staff PROVOST GUARD. 8th U. S. Infantryt FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. THOMAS C. STEVENSON. ~ Col. DANIEL LEASURE. Maj. Gen. THOMAS L. CRITTENDEN. Staff First Brigctcle. Col. JACOB P. GOULD. I Lieut. Col. STEPHEN M. WELD, Jr. Brig. Gen. JAMES H. LEDLIE. 35th Massachusetts 56th Massachusetts 57th Massachusetts 59th Massachusetts 4th United States 10th United States Total First Brigade 4 I 4 3 2 72 77 153 2,086 595 10,630 47 1,742 15,253 1 1 1 3 2 13 1 19 14 4 96 5 119 17 3 68 27 115 10 49 3 63 4 6 10 20 ~ 1 8j 11 50 10 240~ 46 347 *Absent on expedition toward Richmond from May 9. Its losses about Spotsyl- vania May 8 are included with those sustained in the Wilderness; see p. 128.. f Loss, if any, not of record. ~ Killed May 10. ~ Assumed command May 12. Disabled by sickness May 8. Assumed command May 13. 14 Page 148 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [OHM. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. SPOTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1804Continued. Command. Captured or Killed. Wounded. missing. I I 15 H I., I) I) I) I., o 15 ~ 15 0 15 H S a IS a H o 0 ~ 0 ~ 1 Col. DANIEL LEASURE. * Lieut. Col. GILBERT P. RoBINSON. Col. DANIEL LEASURE. + Lieut. Col. GILBERT P. RoBINsoN. 3d Maryland 1 21st Massachusetts 100th Penllsylvanla Total Second Brigade Provisional Brigade4 Col. ELISHA G. MARSHALL. 2d New York Mounted Rifles (dismounted) 14th New York Heavy Artillery 24th New York Cavalry (dismounted) 2d Pennsylvania Provisional Heavy Artillery.... Total Provisional Brigade Artillery. Maine Light, 2d Battery (B) Massachusetts Light, 14th Battery Total artillery Total First Division 5ECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ROBERT B. POTTER. First Brigade. Col. JOHN I. CIJETIN. 36th MassachuSetts 58th Massachusetts 51st New York 45th Pennsylvania 48th Pennsylvania 7th Rhode Island Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. SIHoN G. GRIFFIN. 2d Maryland (detachment) 31st Maine 32d Maine 6th New Hampshire 9th New Hampshire 11th New Hampshire 17th Vermont 2 3 23 1 1 1 24 34 109 1 28 3 167 4 203 3 1 4 8 43 3 54 2 6 2 10 1 2 1 4 9 2 54 1 6 i2 4 5 5 1 9 10 3 87 16 470 1 56 6.33 2 20 1 59 2 i84 2 15 4 79 5 105 11 32 43 6 1 66 3 76 16 1 85 103 13 3 46 62 5 81 10 367 10 473 6 7 13 26 10 94 1 106 1 12 3 41 57 7 2 66 1 76 40 5 90 1 47 184 10 3 82 5 100 10 3 57 70 Total Second Brigade . 3 95 16 437 1 I 67 619 * Commanded the division May 1012. ~ Disabled by sickness May 14. t Discontinued as an unattached command and assigned to the First Division May 12. ~ Joined army May 15 Includes 4 men wounded, assigned from 40th New York, 148 Second Brigade. 1 1 2 29 39 13 Page 149 BAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. SPOTSYLVANJA COURT-HOUSE, MAY 8-21, 1864Continued. Command. J Killed. Wounded. or be I ~ . H H I) c -~ ~ be 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ be Artillery. Massachusetts Light, 11th Batteiy New York Light, 19th Battery Total artillery Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ORLANDo B. WILLOOX. First Brigade. Col. JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 2d Michigan 8th Michigan 17th Michigan 27th Michigan * 109th New York 51st Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. BENJAMIN C. CHRIsT. Col. WILLIAM HTJMPHREY.t 1st Michigan Sharpshooters 20th Michigan 79th New York~ 60th Ohio 50th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Artillery. Maine Light, 7th Battery (G) New York Light, 34th Battery Total artillery Total Third Division FOURTH nIvIsION. I 23d U. S. Colored Troops - cAvALRy. 3d New Jersey 5th New York 2d Ohio 13th Pennsylvania Total Cavalry RESERVE ARTILLERv. Total Ninth Army Corps 9 7 2 9 2 16 7 11 18 8 183 26 815 1 77 1,110 1 1 1 9 12 9 4, 44 57 ...... 20 1 33 7 89 152 - 30 4 152 . 9 195 i 24 3 83 29 140 1 7 3 88 2 30 131 5 91 16 409 9 157 687 1 37 6 115 3 162 4 13 3 105 19 144 3 1 12 -. 16 22 4 55 8 89 23 4 105 3 110 245 5 98 18 392 3 140 656 2 3 s 2 2 2 S 7 10 191 34 806 12 297 1,350 2 - 2 3 7 10 20 1 6 1 8 16 7 ~6 13 1 1 4 21 21 465 77 2,114 15 24 454 50 3,146 RECAPITULATION. Army of the Potomac 153 2,086 595 10,630 47 1,742 F 15,253 Ninth Army Corps 21 465 77 2, 114 15 454 3,146 Grand total 174 2,551 62 12,744 62 2,196 18,399 * 1st and 2d Companies Michigan Sharpshooters attached. ~ Assumed command May 12. t Left army May 13. p9th and 10th Companies Ohio Sharpshooters attached. In reserve guarding trains. Not engaged; ordered to Washington May 16. CHAP. XLVIII.] 14 Page 150 150 OPERATIONS IN STh VA. A~D N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. OFFICERS KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. DELAWARE. Lieut. William H. Ferguson, 1st Infantry. Lieut. Col. David L. Stricker, 2d Infan- Lieut. James D. Simpson, 1st Infantry, try. Lieut. Charles J. Steel, 1st Infantry. Capt. John Evans, 2d Infantry. INDIANA. Capt. Hugh Jamieson, 7th Infantry. Capt. John F. Thomas, 20th Infantry. Col. John Coons, 14th Infantry. Lieut. John C. Bartholomew, 20th In- Capt. John S. Simons, 14th Infantry. fantry. Capt. Lafayette Gordon, 20th Infantry. MAINE. Capt. William T. Parker, 1st Heavy Ar- Lieut. James M. Norris, 0th Infantry. tillery. Lieut. Lindroff W. Smith, 0th Infantry. Capt. William R. Pattengall, 1st Heavy Capt. Henry F. Hill, 7th Infantry. Artillery. [Capt. Henry Warren, 7th Infantry. Lieut. Gershom C. Bibber, 1st Heavy Ar- Capt. Joseph E. Walker, 7th Infantry. tillery. Lieut. Charles H. Hasey, 7th Infantry. Lieut. George W. Grant, 1st Heavy Ar- Lieut. William H. Hooper, 7th Infantry. tillery. Lieut. Marcellus Vining, 7th Infantry. Lieut. John F. Knowles, 1st Heavy Ar- Maj. Archibald D. Leavitt, 16th Infantry. tillery. Lieut. Nathaniel W. Coston, 16th Infan- Lient. Wilmot T. Vickery, 1st Heavy Ar- try. tillery. Capt. William W. Morrell, 20th Infan- Capt. George A. Nye, 3d Infantry. try. Lieut. Henry 0. Ripley, 4th Infantry. Capt. Albion K. P. Wallace, 31st Infan- Capt. Daniel C. Clark, 5th Infantry, try. Capt. Frank L. Lemont, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Fred. S. Gurney, 32d Infantry. Lient. Isaac C. Campbell, 6th Infantry. MARYLAND. Lient. Randolph Bull, 3d Infantry. Lieut. David G. Orr, 6th Infantry. Capt. Charles Z. ONeill, 4th Infantry. Capt. James Bride, 8th Infantry. MASSACHUSETTS. Maj. Frank A. Rolfe, 1st Heavy Artil- lery. Capt. Albert A. Davis, 1st Heavy Artil- lery. Capt. William G. Thompson, 1st Heavy Artillery. Lieut. Charles Carroll, 1st Heavy Artil- lery. Lieut. Edward Graham, 1st Heavy Artil- lery. Capt. Moses H. Warren, 1st Infantry. Lieut. Henry W. Nichols, 7th Infantry. Lieut. James ONeil, 9th Infantry. Lieut. Archibald Simpson, 9th Infantry. Maj. Dexter F. Parker, 10th Infantry. Capt. James H. Weatherell, 10th luf an- try. Lient. Edwin B. Bartlett, 10th Infantry. Lieut. Alanson E. Munyan, 10th Inf an- try. Capt. John S. Stoddard, 12th Infantry. Lient. Edward J. Kidder, 12th Infantry. Lient. William Robinson, 12th Infantry. Lient. Charles W. Whitcomb, 13th In- fantry. Lient. George B. Simonds, 15th Infantry. Lieut. Col. Waldo Merriam, 16th Infan- try. Lient. John J. Ferris, 19th Infantry. Lieut. Lansing E. Hibbard, 20th Infan- try. Lieut. Edward Sturgis, 20th Infantry. Capt. Benjamin Davis, 22d Infantry. Maj. Andrexv J. Lawler, 28th Infantry. Capt.Wilhiam F. Cochrane,2Sth Infantry. Capt. James Magner, 28th Infantry. Capt. Robert Hamilton, 32d Infantry. Capt. S. Henry Bailey, 36th Infantry. Lieut. Henry W. Daniels, 36th Infantry. Capt. Franklin W. Pease, 37th Infantry. Lient. George E. Cooke, 37th Infantry. Lieut. Joseph Follansbee, 37th Infantry. Lient. Isaac D. Paull, 39th Infantry. Capt. William H. Harley, 58th Infantry. Lient. Frank G. Ogden, 58th Infantry. Lient. George J. Morse, 59th Infantry Page 151 CRAP. XLVIII.] IIAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 151 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. MICHIGAN. Maj. John Piper, 1st Sharpshooters. Capt. Walter McCollum, 20th Infantry. Capt. Lexvis C. Randall, 1st Infantry. Lieut. David E. Ainsworth, 20th Infan- Capt. James Farrand, 2d Infantry, try. Capt. John S. Vreeland, 17th Infantry. Lient. James B. Goold, 20th Infantry. Lieut. Alfred E. Canfield, 17th Infantry. Lient. John Armour, 27th Infantry. Capt. Rosxvell P. Carpenter, 20th Infan- try. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Capt. Andrew J. Stone, 9th Infantry. Capt. Orville Smith, 9th Infantry. Li George P. Sylvester, 9th Infantry. NEW JERSEY. Capt. Richard Foster, 1st Infantry. Capt. Jacob D. Wyckoff, 1st Infantry. Lieut. Col. Charles Wiebecke, 2d In- fantry. Capt. Thomas P. Edwards, 3d Infantry. Lieut. Richard A. Cnrtis, 3d Infantry. Lieut. Richard Duffy, 3d Infantry. Lieut. Samuel D. Cross, 4th Infantry. Lieut. Thomas Goodman,* 0th Infantry. Capt. William J. Evans, 7th infantry. Capt. Samuel T. Sleeper, 11th Infantry. Lieut. Joseph C. Baldwin, 11th Infantry. Lient. William H. Egan, 11th Infantry. Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Davis, 12th In- fantry. Capt. Cornelius C. Shimer, 15th Infantry. Capt. James Walker, 15th Infantry. Lient. George C. Justice, 15th Infantry. Lieut. William W. Van Voy, 15th In- fantry. NEW YORK. Lieut. Francis Knemm, 2d Heavy Ar- tillerv. Lieut. Michael J. Lee, 4th Heavy Ar- tillery. Lient. David Hamel, 6th Heavy Ar- tillery. Lient. Horton R. Platt, 0th Heavy Ar- tillery. Capt. Charles McCulloch, 7th Heavy Ar- tillery. Capt. John A. Morris, 7th Heavy Ar- tillery. Capt. Robert H. Bell, 7th Heavy Ar- tillery. Maj. Leander Schamberger, 15th Heavy Artillery. Lieut. William C. Mueller, 15th Heavy Artillery. Capt. Oscar F. Angell, 10th Infantry. Lient. William H. Monk, 10th Infantry. Lieut. Thomas J. OKeefe, 39th Infantry. Lieut. Michael 0. McGarry, 39th In- fantry. Capt. Patrick H. Lennon, 42d Infantry. Capt. William OShea, 42d Infantry. Capt. Joseph W. Tobin, 42d Infantry. Lient. John Coffey, 42d Infantry. Lieut. George B. Ruddy, 42d Infantry. Maj. William Ellis, 49th Infantry. Capt. Reuben B. Heacock, 49th Infantry. Capt. Seward H. Terry, 49th Infantry. Lient. Herman Hass, 49th Infantry. Lient. Mortimer L. V. Tyler, 49th In- fantry. Capt. William Scherrer, 52d Infantry. Capt. Walter von Auw, 52d Infantry. Lient. Robert Karples, 52d Infantry. Lient. Herman von Haake, 52d Infantry. Lieut. Otto von Steuben, 52d Infantry. Lieut. Eugene Walsh, 52d Infantry. Lient. Eugene M. Wright, 59th Infantry. Capt. William A. Collins, 01st Infantry. Capt. Thomas G. Morrison, 01st Infantry. Lieut. James M. Smart, 03d Infantry. Lieut. Pulaski V. Alton, 04th Infantry. Lieut. George R. Fisk, 04th Infa~ntry. Lieut. David T. Wiggins, 64th Infantry. Capt. John Berry, 05th Infantry. Lieut. Thomas Johnston, 00th Infantry. Capt. William C. Dermady, 07th In- fantry. Lieut. Thomas 0. Gibbs, 07th Infantry. Lieut. Chester Hydely, 07th Infantry~ Capt. John J. Blake, 09th Infantry. Capt. Richard A. Kelly, 09th Infantry. Licut. Richard P. King, 69th Infantry. Capt. George Le Fort, 73d Infantry. Capt. James McDermott, 73d Infantry. Capt. Michael D. Purtell, 73d Infantry. Capt. John Phelan, 73d Infantry, Lient. Benedict A. Leonard, 73d In- fantry. Lient. Charles Dussuet, 74th Infantry. Capt. William B. Carpenter, 77th In- fantry. Capt. Orin P. Rugg, 77th Infantry. Capt. John M. K. Connally, 83d Infantry. Lieut. CharlesM. Reynolds, 83d Infantry. *Attached to Battery B, 4th U. S. Artillery Page 152 152 OPU~ATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.-Continued. NEW YORKContinued. Lieut. William C. Rae, 84th Infantry. Capt. Ira Munson, 126th Infantry. Capt. John Phinney, 86th Infantry. Capt. Henry B. Owen, 126th Infantry. Capt. Samuel F. Stone, 86th Infantry. Lieut. George A. Sherman, 126th In- Lieut. James Cherry, 86th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. Gilbert W. Hathaway, 106th In- Col. George Ryan, 140th Infantry. fantry. Maj. Milo L. Starks, 140th Infantry. Lieut. Daniel W. Barton, 109th Infantry. Lieut. Jame& Brown, 147th Infantry. Capt. Charles A. Butts, 121st Infantry. Lieut. James A. OSullivan, 164th In- Capt. John D. Fish, 121st Infantry. fantry. Lieut. Silas E. Pierce, 121st Infantry. Lieut. Charles Watters, 164th Infantry. Capt. Edward P. Jones, 125th Infantry. Lieut. John S. Fitzmaurice, 170th In- Lieut. Elam S. P. Clapp, 125th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. Charles E. Cleminshaw, 125th In- Lieut. Martin Kelly, 182d Infantry. fantry. onio. Lieut. Charles Manahan, 8th Infantry. Capt. Reuben Lampton, 126th Infantry. Lieut. Charles E. Austin, 60th Infantry. I PENNSYLVANIA. Lieut. Josiah White, 1st Reserves. Capt. John M. Guyer, 6th Reserves. Lieut. Josiah M. Anawalt, 8th Reserves. Lieut. Robert Maxwell, 13th Reserves. Lieut. Daniel Blett, 1~th Reserves. Lieut. Daniel Orcutt, 13th Reserves. Maj. John B. Keenan, 11th Infantry. Lieut. Enos S. Hall, 11th Infantry. Lieut. Thomas P. Morris, 26th Infantry. Lieut. Henry C. Jackson, 48th Infantry. Col. Thomas M. Hulings. 49th Infantry. Lieut. Col. John B. Miles, 49th Infantry. Capt. Robert G. Barr, 49th Infantry. Capt. William P. Kephart, 49th Infan- try. Lieut. Decatur D. Lytle, 49th Infantry. Capt. Henry B. Cleveland, 50th Infantry. Capt. George W. Bisbing, 51st Infantry. Licut. Thomas J. Lynch, 51st Infantry. Lieut. Franklin B. Sterner. 51st Infantry. Capt. John J. Whitney, 53d Infantry. Capt. Edgar Williams, 57th Infantry. Lient. John Bowers, 57th Infantry. Lient. Jeremiah C. Green, 57th Infantry. Lient. James W. Prophater, 61st Infan- try. Lient. George W. Wilson, 61st Infantry. blent. Col. James C. Hull, 62d Infantry. Lient. William H. Johnson, 62d Infan- try. Lieut. John E. Myers, 62d Infantry. Capt. Thomas Kelly, 69th Infantry. Lieut. Josiah Jack, 69th Infantry. Capt. Mitchell Smith, 71st Infantry. Licut. Sidney N. hawk, 81st Infantry. Capt. George Stowe, 83d Infantry. Lieut. Alexander B. Langley, 83d Infan- try. Lient. Jesse W. Super, 90th Infantry. Capt. Richard G. Rogers, 93d Infantry. Capt. Edward Thomas, 96th Infantry. Capt. Louis F. Waters, 99th Infantry. Lieut. Henry S. Zeisert, 99th Infantry. Lient. Col. William L. Curry, 106th In- fantry. Lieut. Joshua A. Gage, 106th Infantry. Lient. Charles S. Schwartz, 106th Infan- try. Lieut. Col. Isaac Rogers, 110th Infantry. Lient. John W. Manning, 110th Infantry. Lieut. Col. Richard C. Dale, 116th Infan- try. Maj. Henry P. Truefitt, jr., 119th Infan- try. Capt. Charles P. Warner, 119th Infantry. Lieut. Edward Ford, jr., 119th Infantry. Capt. William W. Dorr, 121st Infantry. Lient. Charles H. Reilay, 143d Infantry. Capt. Charles W. Devereaux, 145th In- fantry. Lieut. Josiah W. Baker, 145th Infantry. Licut. Elias Brockway, 145th Infantry. Lieut. Edwin W. Sampson, 145th Infan- try. Capt. Thompson Core, 148th Infantry. Licut. James B. Cook, 148th Infantry. Lient. John A. McGuire, 148th Infantry. Lient. Sylvanus D. Hamler, 149th Infan- try. Capt. Edward E. Clapp, 155th Infantry. Capt. George H. Hutt, 183d Infantry. Lieut. John M. Ottinger, 183d Infantry. RHODE ISLAND. Capt. John P. Shaw, 2d Infantry. UNITED STATES ARMY. Maj. Luther B. Bruen, 12th Infantry. Lient. John K. Clay, 14th lnfantry. Capt. Hamilton W. Keyes, 14th Infan- Lient. John T. Dowling, 17th Infantry. try. bleut. Frank E. Stinipson, 17th Infantry Page 153 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO TILE JAMES. 153 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick. Lieut. Perrin C. Jenkins, 1st SharpshooP Brig. Gen. Thomas G. Stevenson. ers. Capt. Thomas W. Eayre, assistant adju4 taut-general. VERMONT. Maj. Charles P. Dudley, 5th Infantry. WEST VIRGINIA. Lieut. Abner M. Johnson, 7th Infantry. WISCONSIN. Capt. Robert Hughes, 2d Infantry. Capt. George E. Hilton, 5th Infantry. Capt. Samuel White, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Louis F. Mueller, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Henry H. Stout, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Oscar Graetz, 6th Infantry. Lieut. Howard F. Pruyn, 6th Infantry. THE NORTH ANNA, THE PAMUNKEY, AND THE TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22-JUNE 1, 1864.* Killed. Wounded. Captured or missihg. I~ Command. ~ a a a a . a a IS a a u 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Maj. Gen. GEORGE C. MEADE. SECOND ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. WINFIELD S. HANCOCK. ESCORT. 1st Vermont Cavalry, Company M FIRST nIVISION. Brig. Gen. FRANCIS C. BARLOW. First brigade. Col. NEI.SON A. MILES. Staff 20th Michigan 2d New York (heavy artillery)t Gist New York 81st Pennsylvania l4OtlI Pennsylvania 133d Pennsylvania 1 1 I 5 1 11 is 7 3 74 7 91 I 2 3 A 1 2 15 25 11 3 20 2 30 Total First Brigade 3 32 8 123 10 170 * Embracing the march from Spotsylvania and operations along the line of the North Anna; thence across the Pamunkey and along the line of the Totopotomoy (including Bethesda Church, up to June 1, inclusive). The table embraces only such organizations as reported losses. For full roster of Iroops May 31, 1864, see p. 198. The several combats of the period were known under the names of North Anna River, Quarles Mills, Ox Ford, Jericho Bridge (or Ford or Mills). Hanover Junction, Sextons Station, Totopotomoy River, Mount Carmel Church, Dabneys Ferry (Pa- inunkey River), Hanovertown, Little River, Pole Cat Creek, Salem Church, Aenon Church, Jones Farm, Crusnps Creek, Haws Shop, Matadequin Creek, Old Church, Mechumps Creek, Shady Grove, Shallow Creek, Turners Farm, Armstrongs Farm, Ashland, Bethesda Church, & c. t Assigned from Fourth Division May 29 Page 154 OPE1~ATJONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, AND TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22JUNE 1,1864Continued. Killed. Command. I. 0 Wounded. 5) 0 0 Second Brigade. Col. RICHARD BYRNES. Captured or missing. a I) 0 ~ 28th Massachusetts 63d New York 69th New York. .... 88th New York .. , 116th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. 3 2 10 8 2 10 9 2 3 2 7 39 7 Col. CLINTON D. MACDOUGALL. 39th New York . 52d New York5 111th New York 125th New York 126th New York Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. JOHN H. BROOKE. 7th New York (heavy artilleryA 64th New York 66th New York 53d Pennsylvania 145th Pennsylvania 148th Pennsylvania Total Fourth Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Con. JOHN GIBBON. First Brigade. Col. H. Bovn MCKEEN. 19th Maine 15th Massachusetts 19th Massachusetts 20th Massachusetts 1st Company Andrew (Massachusetts) Sharp- shooters. 7th Michigan 59th New York 82d New York (battalioti) 36th Wisconsin Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSHUA T. OWEN. 152d New York 69th Pennsylvania 71st Pennsylvania 72d Pennsylvania 106th Pennsylvania 2 5 2 13 2 3 12 6 8 4 4 34 3 1 17 7 20 11 6 11 61 22 2 95 16 135 2 2 4 I 2 3 6 1 4 5 2 4 6 1 8 1 10 27 4 115 20 166 3 79 15 311 48 456 6 2 20 2 2 10 12~ I 9 1 11 1 3 1 5 2 2. 8 2 11 1 22 5 2 25 32 1 3 4 20 3 105 38 166 42 10 188 . ... 43 284 2 1.. 1 3 1 13 16 6 6. 6 7 4 5 3 3 321 37: 1 Total Second Brigade * Detachment 7th New York attached. t Joined from Fourth Division May 29. 154 13 12 6 10 12 5 Page 155 C!C!C!C! C C !~CC ?~ CC ~: C!~ C! C!CC!~ ~CCCC c~HHHZZ CCCCC C~ 5! 5! H C 5! C! C C o C C C! ~ C C ~ ~ ~ C ~ C C z Ci C!~~: ~ C! C C! C! CCC~C ~00ZZZ~C~ C CCC C C C C ~.C ~ CC~ cn: C H C p C! C C C C C -H-i- * CC~~ H C 5! H c-~o.c~ CCC ~+ C ~ C! ~! ~ ~-ZC ~ ~ C CCC H -+ H C C ~ H C! C Q~ C C ~ C. p~ C C C C Co ~ C C H ~ H p C C H H C! C! C! C! K! C! C! 400 Q!C! C ~ ~ CCCC zzzzz C C C C H ~~~ C! C H C p z C! C! C! C H C C C 5- C! C H H z 0 H Z C ~ C) z ~ ~- ~. C! -4. H ~ o ~. H ~ O C H H C ~ 0 C C C- z C) ~ C ~I. C C C C a C 0 C -4 z H 0 -4 -4 -44 0 C C C C Officers, Men. Officers. Men. 0 Officers. ~ Men. CC C Aggregate. C!C! C!C! C! C!C! C!. C C! C! ~ C Page 156 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, AND TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22-JUNE 1,1864Continued. Command. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. ni tfi I) 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GERSHOM MOTT. 1st Maine (heavy artillery)*. ... 16th Massachusetts 5th New Jersey 6th New Jersey 7th New Jersey 8th New Jersey 11th New Jersey 26th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. WILLIAM H. BaEwsTEa. 11th Massachusetts 70th New York 71st New York 72d New York 73d New York 74th New York 120th New York 84th Pennsylvania Total Fourth Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLEav BRIGAnE. Col. JOHN C. TInBALL. Massachusetts Light, 10th Battery 1st New York Light, Battery G 4th New York Heavy t New York Light, 11th Battery New York Light, 12th Battery 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery F 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A 4th United States, Battery K 5th United States, Batteries C and I Total Artillery Brigade Total Second Army Corps FIFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. GouvEaNEca K. WARREN. FIRST nIvIsION. Brig. Gen. CHARLES GaIrrIN. Staff First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ROMEYN B. 4vaEs. 140th New York . 146th New .York 91st Pennsylvania 155th Pennsylvania 11th United States 12th United States 14th United States 17th United States 2 3 5 3 2 7 2 S Is 7 5 12 2 10 5 5 4 10 3 31 5 50 1 6 2 9 2 8 10 3 8 3 14 11 1 10.... 1 1 12 14 1 6 5 12 2 1 15~ 18 4 4 19~ I 24 14 7 84 .... 11 116 6 79 25 382r 2 127 621 1 1 1 1 2 8 6 14 1 1 4 1 3 I 1 1 3 6 6 1 1 3 2 21 7 33 15 244 58 1,074 2 258 1,651 1 2 7 9 1 9 10 3 13 16 2j 15 17 1 1 4 6 1 14 15 S 3 8 15 3 1 ~l I Total First Brigade 1 8~ 1 13 96 * Assigned from Fourth Division May 29. ~ The First Battalion joined from the Sixth Corps May 31, and the Second Battal- ion from the Fifth Corps May 29, thus uniting the three battalions. 156 [CHAP. XLVIII Page 157 RAPIDAY TO THE JAMES. 157 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.~Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, AND TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22-JUNE 1, l864Continued. Command. Killed. Wounded. o ~ B 0 ~ Second Brigade. Col. JACOB B. SWEITEER. 9th Massachusetts 22(1 Massachusetts* :32d Massachusett.s 4th Michigan 62d Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH J. BARTLETT. 20th Maine 18th Massachusetts 29th Massachusettst 1st Michigan 16th Michigan ~ 44th New York 83d Pennsylvania 118th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total First Division SECOND nIVIsIoN. Brig. Gen. HENRY H. LocKwooD. First Brigade. Col. PETER LYLE. 16th Maine 13th Massachusetts 19th Massachusetts 94th New York 104th New York 90th Pennsylvania 107th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. JAMES L. BATES. 12th Massachusetts . , 831 New York (9th Militia) 9rth New York .~ 11th Pennsylvania 88th Pennsylvania 2 6 3 1 1 22 24 8 13 1 Captured or missing. ~ B B B Q . B ss B H 0 ~ 6 3 1 10 32 35 12 15 13 3 74 13 104 2 1 3 6 1 1 10 12 1 12 3 16 1 7 8 2 4 14 21 1 2 7 10 3 1 15 2 21 2 . 9 11 11 11 77 5 105 3 32 16 224 . ... 31 306 2 3; 5 7 7 1 5 2 8 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 8 1 9 3 4 1 8 8 30 1~ 4 43 1 5 1 8 1 4 5 6 6 8 10 6 ~ 11 Total Second Brigade 1 I 3 1 I * 2d Company Massachusetts Sharpshooters attached. f Joined army May 29. t Bradys Company Michigan Sharpshooters attached. ~ Reorganized May 30; see p. 170. J[ Joined army May 20. 29j ii 5 40 CHAP. XLVIII. Page 158 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, AND TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22JUNE 1,1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. H H H H o o o H H H o ~4 0 ~ 0 ~ Third Brigade. CoL RICHARD N. BOWERMAN. Col. NATHAN T. DIJ5HANE.* 1st Maryland 4th Maryland 7th Maryland 8th Maryland Purnell Legion, Maryland t Total Third Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD. First Brigade. Col. MASITIN D. IJARDIN. 1st Pennsylvania ReserVes 2d Pennsylvania Reserves 6th Pennsylvania Reserves 7th Pennsylvania Reserves 11th Pennsylvania Reserves 13th PeiXusylvania Reserves (1st Rifles) Total First Brigade Third Brigade. Col. JOSEPH W. FISHER. 5th Pennsylvania Reserves 10th P~nnsylvania Reserves 12th Pennsylvania Reserves Total Third Brigade Total Third Division FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. LYSANDER CUTTIER. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM W. RoHINsoN. 7th Indiana 19th Indiana 24th Michigan 1st Battalion New York Sharpshooters 6th Wisconsin 7th Wisconsin ToVal First Brigade 2 5 7 2 3 2 15 3 9 5 3 5 2 24 3 1 16 1 74 3 12 107 5 13 9 27 1 1 2 6 13 24 1 1 1 11 14 3 6 2 14 25 1 2 2 5 13 2 28 4 49 96 1 2 2 5 5 1 6 1 1 1 8 3 12 13 3 36 4 52 108 1 7 1 30 4 43 3 9 4 16 3 16 5 21 1 1 6 1 9 2 1 9 12. 1 2 22 3 28 2 18 3 92 17 132 Secoad Brigade. Col. J. WILLIAM HOFMANN. 3d Delaware~ .. 46th New Yorkt 76th New York 95th New York 1:47th New York 56th Pennsylvania 1. 1 3 3 2 Total Second Brigade 2 8 2 * Assumed command May 23~ t Joined army May 29., 5 1 7 2 1 4 9 3 12. 6 1 8 17 20 17 23 56 6 74 t,J.ointid army May 30. 15 Page 159 EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 159 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, AND TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22-JUNE 1, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. H 0 C i I) 0 0 ui H 0 0 Third Brigade. Col. EnWARD S. BRAGG. 121st Pennsylvania 142d Pennsylvania 143d Pennsylvania 149th Pennsylvania 150th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total Fourth Division HEAVY ARTILLERY nRIGAnE.* CoL J. HowARD KITCHING. 6th New York 15th New York (1st and 3d Battalions) Total Heavy Artillery Brigade ARTILLERY BRIGAnE. Col. CHARLES S. WAINwasesiT. Massachusetts Light, 3d Battery (C) Massachusetts Light, 5th Battery (E) Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery 1st New York Light, Battery B 1st New York Light, Battery C 1st New York Light, Battery D 1st New York Light, Batteries E and L 1st New York Light, Battery H New York Light, 15th Battery 4th United States, Battery B 5th United States, Battery D Total Artillery Brigade Total Fifth Army Corps SIXTH ARMY CORPS.t Maj. Gen. hORATIO G. WRIGHT. FIRST nIvISION. Brig. Gen. DAYIn A. RUSSELL. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM H. PENROSE. 1st New Jersey 3d New Jersey 10th New Jersey Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. EMORY UPTON. 2d Connecticut (heavy artillery) 5th Maine.... 2 2 4 6 15 13 9 16 23 6 67 1 2 S 25 32 bLJ H a 16 13 26 56 7 118 5 41 6 215 2 55 324 17 1 98 17 133 5 2 57 4 68 22 3 155 21 201 1 2 1 2 1 5 2 2 1 3 5 1 2 5 21 1 29 9 126 34 725 9 172 1,075 6 2 8 4 4 5 5 15 2 17 1 15 16 1 1 3 3 5 5 3 5 Total Second Brigade 1 I 15 17 * Assigned to Third Division May 30. ~ Casualties to include May 31 only are here embraced. The losses of the corps on.. June 1 are embodied in the return for Cold Harbor, Which see, p. 172, Page 160 160 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, AND TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22-JUNE 1, 1864Continued. Command. e Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY L. EUsTIs. 6th Maine 49th Pennsylvania 119th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. NELSON Caoss. 23d Pennsylvania 82d Pennsylvania Total Fourth Brigade Total First Division 5ECOND nIVIsION. Brig. Can. ThoMAs H. NEss.n. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. FRANK WHEATON. 62d New York Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. LEWIs A. GRANT. 4th Vermont 5th Vermont.. 11th Vermont (1st HeavyArtillery).. Total Second Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. OLIVER EnwARns. 37th Massachusetts Total Fourth Brigade Total Second Division THIRn nIvIsION. Brig. Can. JAMES B. RIcEETT5. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM 3. TRUEX. 14th New Jersey 106th New York 151st New York 87th PennsylvanIa 10th Vermont Total First Brigade~ Killed. 1~ 0 Wounded. Captured or missing. II. 0 1 H 0 1 2 2 2 3 5 2 2 37 5 2 2 2 3 4 1 I 1 H H be be 2 3 44 4 4 2 4 7 1 1 1 1 3 6 1 2 12 1 2 3 5 4 6 2 1 18 1 7 4 8 2 1 2 Page 161 RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 161 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, c~c.Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, AND TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22-JUNE 1,1864Continued. Captured or missing. ~ IA a a a 0 ~ Command. Killed. Wounded 0 0 Second Brigade. Col. BENJAMIN F. SMITH. 6th Maryland 122d Ohio 126th Ohio 138th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Total Third Division Total Sixth Army Corps NINTH ARMY CORPS.~ Maj. Gen. AMBROSE E. BUHNSIDE. FIRST DIVISION. Maj. Gen. THOMAS L. CRITTENDEN. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. JAMES H. LEDLIE. 56th Massachusetts 57th Massachusetts 59th Massachusetts 4th United States 10th United States Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Lient. Col. GILBERT P. RoBINsoN. Col. JOSEPH M. SUDSBURG.t 3d Maryland 21st Massachusetts... 100th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Provisional Brigade. Col. ELISHA G. MARSHALL. 2d New York Mounted Rifles (dismounted) 14th New York Heavy Artillery 24th New York Cavalry (dismounted) 2d Pennsylvania Provisional Heavy Artillery.... Total Provisional Brigade Acting Engi eers. 35th Massachusetts~ Artillery. Maine Light, 2d Battery (B) 2 3 5 1 7 10 7 6 25 1 32 11 68 1 8 88 8 3 44 19 74 i 9 2 26 8 46 1 1 2 24 2 14 44 4 1 21 15 41 3 8 4 15 2 25 8 123 2 60 220 1 1 2 1 3 6 1 11 12 1 2 1 15 19 1 1 9 4 15 4 8 12 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 6 2 10 1 7 2 24 7 41 10 1 8 19 1 1 Total First Division 4 ~ 11 I 173 3 75 * Assigned to the Army of the Potomac May 24. f Assumed command May 31. t Detached from First Brigade May 26. 11 R RVOL XXXVI, PT I CHAP. XLVIII.] 30 Page 162 [CHAP. XLVIII. OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, AND TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22-JUNE 1,1864Continued. Command. Killed. Wounded. ,J3 H H O 0 H H o ~ 0 ~ Captured or missing. ~i1 H H 0 ~ SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ROBERT B. POTTER. First Brigade. Col. JOHN I. CURTIN. 36th Massachusetts 58th Massachusetts 45th Pennsylvania 48th Pennsylvania 7th Rhode Island Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. SIMON G. GRIFFIN. 2d Maryland (detachment) 31st Maine 32d Maine 6th New Hampshire 9th New Hampshire 11th New Hampshire 17th Vermont Total Second Brigade Acting Engineers. 51st New York* Artillery. New York Light, 19th Battery Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ORLANDO B. WILLcox. Staff . First Brigade. Col. JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 2d Michigan 8th Michigan 27th Michigan t 109th New York 51st Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM HUMPHREY. Col. BENJAMIN C. CHRIST4 1st Michigan Sharpshooters 20th Michigan 60th Ohio 50th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Total Third Division Total Ninth Army Corps 1 3 2 3 3 6 12 3 4 3 7 18 5 1 7 2 27 37 1 1 1 10 1 13 3 1 10 14 I 2 3 1 20 21 6 6 2 10 2 14 2 7 1 59 3 72 1 1 1 1 3 14 3 88 3 111 1 1 1 1 9 11 2 3 5 5 4 1 10 1 5 7 3 23 26 2 9 24 24 59 I 7 5 13 2 3 5 6 10 3 19 1 1 2 4 10 1 22 8 41 2 19 1 46 32 100 9 67 15 307 110 511 * Detached from First Brigade May 26. t 1st and 2d Coshpanies Michigan Sharpshooters attached. ~ Assumed command about May 30. 9th and 10th Companies Ohio Sharpshooters attached. 16 Page 163 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22-JUNE l,1864Continued. Command. CAVALRY CORPS.* Maj. Gen. PHILIP H. SHERIDAN. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALFRED T. A. TORBERT. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE A. CUSTER. Staff 1st Michigan 5th Michigan 6th Michigan 7th Michigan Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS C. DEVIN. 6th New York 9th New York 17th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Reserve Brigade. Brig. Gen. WESLEY MERRITT. 19th New York (1st Dragoons) 6th Pennsylvania 1st United States 2d United States Total Reserve Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID McM. GREGC. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY E. DAVIES, Jr. 1st Massachusetts 1st New Jersey 10th New York 6th Ohio 1st Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Secend Brigade. Col. J. IRVIN GREGG. 4th Pennsylvania 8th Pennsylvania 13th Pennsylvania 16th Pennsylvania Killed. H o H o ~ 2 5 S 16 4 33 3 2 5 2 5 43 Wounded. Captured or missing. H H o H H o ~ o ~ 1 I 4 6 3 10 ~24 38 19 12 93 6 12 6 24 2 12 14 28 145 2 3 4 5 9 1 30 50 35 17 133 9 13 15 8 36 17 1 20 40 209 1. 4 1 3 63 13 2 25 2 42 5 4 20 2 35 1 9 4 28 42 4 36 19 120 7 186 1 2 3 1 1 2 6 3 19 3 32 4 4 26 1 35 1 11 5 48 4 72 Total Second Brigade Total Second Division 5 47 1 27 168 11 258 * Casualties of the First and Second Divisions from May 25 to 30 oniy are here included. The losses of these divisions May 31 and June 1 are embodied in the return for Cold Harbor, on p. 177. The losses of the Third Division from May 25 to June 1, inclusive, are embraced in this table. 16 Page 164 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. NORTH ANNA, PAMUNKEY, AND TOTOPOTOMOY, MAY 22-JUNE 1,1864Continued. Command. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES H. WILSON. First Brigade. Col. JOHN B. MCINTOSH. 1st Connecticut 3d New Jersey..... 2d New York 5th New York 2d Ohio 18th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. GEORGE H. CHAPMAN. 3d Indiana 8th New York 1St Vermont Total Second Brigade Total Third Division.. .~ FIRST BRIGADE HORSE ARTILLERy. Capt. JAMES M. ROBERTSON. New York Light, 6th Battery Total First Brigade Horse Artillery Total Cavalry Corps UNATTACHED. 22d New York Cavalry Total Army of the Potomac Killed. I) a I) 0 3 1 12 Wounded. Captured or mlsslng. a a a a 0~j ~ 0 ~ 1~~~~ 6 4 2 15 6 12 46 3 17 1 11 10 3 47 70 33 8 24 65 10 145 3 3 . 2 2 25 33 9 2 27 38 1 12 i5 79 2 74 183 6 6 6 6 ~ ~ ~ 398 2 2 656 3 2 5 41 550 159 2,575 17 644 3,986 OFFICERS KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. CONNECTICUT. Capt. Addison G. Warner, 1st Cavalry. Lieut. Henry W. Wadhams, 14th In fantry. DELAWARE. Lieut. John M. Dunn, 3d Infantry. INDIANA. Lient. David B. Gageby, 7th Infantry. MAINE. Maj. William C. -Morgan, 3d Infantry. Lieut. Wa1t~er F. Noyes, 17th Infantry. Lient. William H. Briggs, 3d Infantry. Lieut. WilliamO. Tibbetts, 31st Infantry. Lieut. James S. Roberts, 17th Infantry. Lieut. Silas N. Perkins, 32d Infantry. 16 Page 165 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 165 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c. Continued. MASSACHUSETTS. Lieut. William W. Wardell, 1st Cavalry. Capt. Wallace A. Putnam, 56th Infantry. Lieut. David B. Burrell, 12th Infantry. Lieut. John D. Priest, 56th Infantry. Capt. Dudley C. Mumford, 19th In- Lieut. Col. Charles L. Chandler, 57th In- fantry. fantry. Lieut. George W. Bibby, 32d Infantry Lieut. George C. Burrill, 59th Infantry. MICHIGAN. Capt. David Oliphant, 5th Cavalry. Maj. Robert T. Elliott, 16th Infantry. Lieut. Nelson Fletcher, 2d Infantry. Capt. Henry V. Steele, 26th Infantry. Lieut. Samuel M. Pearce, 5th Infantry. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Lieut. Col. Henry H. Pearson, 6th Infantry. NEW JERSEY. Capt. Moses W. Maulsbury, 1st Cavalry. Lieut. Voorhees Dye, 1st Cavalry. Lieut. John W. Bellis, 1st Cavalry. Capt. Daniel Blauvelt, jr., 8th Infantry. Lieut. Alexander Stewart, 1st Cavalry. NEW YORK. Lieut. Frederick H. Howard, 2d Heavy Lieut. James A. Owens, 61st Infantry. Artillery. Lieut. Edward Jackson, 82d Infantry. Lieut. William E. Orr, 7th Heavy Ar- Capt. John Gorman, 109th Infantry. tillery. Capt. David Cri~t, 124th Infantry. Lieut. Franz Braunstein, 15th Heavy Capt. Patrick McCarthy, 170th Infantry. Artillery. Capt. Jeremiah Lynch, 170th Infantry. Capt. Henry W. Davis, Battery E, 1st Lieut. John W. Griffin, 170th Infantry. Light Artillery. Lieut. Patrick Logue, 170th Infantry. OHIO. Lieut. Edwin B. Buell, 2d Cavalry. I Capt. Delos R. Northway, 6th Cavalry. PENNSYLVANIA. Lieut. David S. Buxton, 1st Cavalry. Lient. William H. Hiney, 50th Infantry. Lieut. Samuel Greenlee, 1st Cavalry. Lieut. Benjamin F. Young, 56th In- Lient. Stephen W. Martin, 6th Cavalry. fantry. Capt. Patrick Kane, 13th Cavalry. Lieut. James Clark, 71st Infantry. Capt. John Kline, 18th Cavalry. Lieut. William J. Gleason, 83d Infantry. Lieut. John Anglun, 17th Cavalry. Lieut. David I. Gilfillan, lOOtb Infantry. Capt. Samuel H. Davis, 2d Provisional Lieut. John Jungerich, 121st Infantry. Heavy Artillery. Capt. John F. McCullough, 140th In- Maj. Joseph A. Gilmour, 48th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. William H. Hume, 48th Infantry. Lieut. Christian S. Zimmerman, 149th Lieut. Samuel B. Laubenstine, 48th In- Infantry. fantry. RHODE ISLAND. Lieut. Peter Hunt, Battery A, 1st Light Artillery. UNITED STATES ARMY. Lieut, James P. Pratt, 11th Infantry. WISCONSIN. Licut. Burns Newman, 7th Infantry. Capt. Prescott B. Burwell, 36th In- fantry Page 166 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forees, & c.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864.* [CRAP. XLVIII. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. .1 . . CS Command. 52 52 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE. ENGINEER TROOPS. 50th New York SECOND ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. WINFIELO S. HANCOCK. FIRSTEnIvISION. Brig. Gen. FRANCIS C. BARLOW. First Brigade. Col. NELSON A. MILES. 26th Michigan 5th New Hampshire 2d New York (heavy artillery) 61st New York 81st Pennsylvania 140th Pennsylvania 183d Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. RICHARD BYRNES.t Col. PATRICE KELLY. 28th Massachusetts 63d New York 69th New York 88th New York 116th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigrade Third Brigade. Col. CLINTON D. MACDOIJGALL. 39th New York 52d New York~ 111th New York 125th New York 126th New York Total Third Brigade 3 3 3 19 6 28 2 41 5 146 2 35 231 1 20 4 170 1 19 215 1 1 1 16 3 22 1 7 33 3 44 .... 5 23 12 40 4 5 71 14 95 6 81 15 478 3 92 675 4 4 38 2 48 1 1 22 5 29 5 2 29 5 41 2 8 11 7 4 49 5 65 1 19 11 146 17 194 1 1 4 2 5 3 2 4 1 4 3 2 24 5 8 8 7 6 5 34 * Embracing the operations at and about Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church, and the march across the Chickahominy and James Rivers to the front of Petersburg. The losses of the Cavalry Corps at Cold Harbor, May 31 and June 1, and of the Sixth Corps and detachment Army of the James at the same place, June 1, are included. The casualties of the First arid Second Divisions, Cavalry Corps, up to June 6 only are embodied. During the remainder of the period covered by the tables these divisions were detached on an expedition. Only such organizations as reported losses are given in this table. ~ Wounded June 3. ~ Detachment 7th New York attached. 16 Page 167 EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 167 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. a IS a 0 ~ Wounded. ~i1 0 IS a 0 ~ Captured or missing. a IS a 0 ~ Fourth Brigade. Col. JOHN R. BROOKE.* Col. ORLANDO H. MORras.t Col. LEwis 0. MORRIst Col. JAMES A. BEAVER. 2d Delaware 7th New York (heavy artillery) 64th New York 66th New York 53d Pennsylvania 145th Pennsylvania 148th Pennsylvania Total Fourth Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Maj. Gen. JOHN GIHBON. Staff Provost Guard. 2d Company Minnesota Sharpshooters First Brigade. Col. HENRY Bovn MCKEEN. Col. FRANK A. HASKELL.t Brig. Gen. BYRON H. PIERcE. Staff 19th Maine 15th Massachusetts 19th Massachusetts 20th Massachusetts 1st Company Andrew (Massachusetts) Sharp- shooters. 7th Michigan 42d New York 59th New York 82d New York (battalion) . 184th Pennsylvania 16th Wisconsin Total First Brigade 5 41 2 5 8 8 4 9 2 17 250 10 19 56 24 41 2 112 19 3 2 6 25 418 12 44 69 37 53 7 73 15 417 2 144 658 14 176 43 1,065 5 258 1,561 2 5 5 1 1 5 1 20 26 3 11 14 4 3 7 15 9 1 25 1 36 2 1 3 3 13 5 21 4 2 17 2 25 9 3 24 36 6 2 22 3 34 16 4 90 110 15 3 50 5 75 4 74 20 281 17 396 Second Brigade. Brig. Gen JOSHUA T. OWEN. Col. JOHN FRASER.jJ 2 152d New York 69th Pennsylvania 71st Pennsylvania. 72d Pennsylvania 106th Pennsylvania 1 Total Second Brigade 2 I 24 * Wounded June 3. F Killed June 3. ~ Killed June 4. ~Assigned June 4. II Assigned June 12. CHAP. XLVIII.] Command. 6 6 4 5 3 22 12 12 23 16 1 2 5 32 21 16 32 21 85 12 Page 168 ~CHAP. XLVIII. OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. IS Command. ;.~ CI ~i2 H H H N H H 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 3 Third Brigade. Col. THOMAS A. SHYTH. 14th Connecticut 1st Delaware 14th Indiana 12th New Jersey 10th New York Battalion 108th New York 4th Ohio 8th Ohio 7th West Virginia Battalion Total Third Brigade... ___ Fourth Brigade. Brig. Gen. ROBERT 0. TYLER.* Col. JAMES P. MCIVOR. Col. JOHN RAMSEY.t Staff 8th New York (heavy artillery) . 155th New York 164th New York 170th New York 182d New York (69th New York National Guard Artillery). Total Fourth Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Maj. Gen. DAVID B. BIRNEY. First Brigade. Col. THOMAS W. EGAN. 20th Indiana 17th Mainet 40th New York 86th New York 124th New York 99th Pennsylvania 110th Pennsylvania 141st Pennsylvania 2d U. S. Sharpshooters Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS R. TANNATT. 4th Maine 1st Massachusetts (heavy artillery) 3d Michigan ( 5th Michigan 93d New York 57th Pennsylvania 63d Pennsylvania 105th Pennsylvania 1st U. S. Sharpshooters 4 3 3 14 6 3 3 7 1 43 12 16 13 54 19 16 17 3 19 169 4 8 16 21 16 69 26 22 20 5 32 227 3 3 73 16 323 1 85 505 13 6 118 17 154 12 4 55 3 79 157 3 1 10 14 8 2 48 1 28 89 13 109 32 554 5 209 922 22 250 63 1,094 5 240 1,674 1 1 9 2 1 1 6 1 10 1 4 3 3 1 1 4 2 3 6 27 1 13 1 4 2 6 1 2 11 S 28 7 5 7 8 13 1 8 7 3 12 64 31 1 5 3 13 2 15 Total Second Brigade 36 24 * Wounded June 3. t Assumed comusand June 7. t Transferred from Second Brigade June 5. ~ Veterans and recruits of 3d Michigan transferred to 5th Michigan June 9. 71 16 Page 169 CHAP. XLVIII.] KAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. S S I) Command. ~ bO 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GERSTIOM MOTT. 1st Maine (heavy artillery) 16th Massachusetts 5th New Jersey 6th New Jersey 7th New Jersey 8th New Jersey 11th New Jersey 115th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. WILLIAM H. BREWSTER. 11th Massachusetts 71st New York 720 New York (three companies) 73d New York 74th New York 120th New York 84th Pennsylvania Total Fourth Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. JOHN C. TInBALL. Maine Light, 6th Battery (F) New Hampshire Light, 1st Battery 1st New Jersey Light, Battery B 4th New York Heavy New York Light, 11th Battery New York Light, 12th Battery 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery F 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B 4th United States, Battery K 5th United States, Batteries C and I Total Artillery Brigade Total Second Army Corps FIFTH ARMY CORPS. 1 2 10 7 5 ii 3 2 14 11 6 3 4 I 7 4 4 4 5 1 34 10 50 1 9 1 3 1 5 1 4 1 1 6 1 3 28 1 3 36 25 5 125 1 65 221 1 1 7 9 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 16 20 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 2 8 8 4 4 1 ~ 1 1 1 7 2 45 54 36 8 113 2,329 11 563 3,510 Maj. Gen. GOUVERNEUR K. WARREN. FIR5T nIvIsION. Brig. Gen. CHARLEs GRIFFIN. First Brigade.5 Col. EnwARn S. BRAGG. Col. JOSHUA L. CHAMBERLAIN.t 121st Pennsylvania 142d Pennsylvania 143d Pennsylvania 149th Pennsylvania 150th Pennsylvania 187th Pennsylvania~ 2 2 3 8 9 S 2 1 6 5 3 11 15 5 2 41 Total First Brigade 3 1 1 29 8 *Was the Third Brigade, Fourth Division. up to June 6. t Assigned June 6. ~ Joined June 6. 10 4 3 6 1 5 7 16 Page 170 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Gasualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. S Command. ,,3 ci 5) a be 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 9th Massachusetts * 22d Massachusetts t 32d Massachusetts 4th Michigan 62d Pennsylvania 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry (di.srnounted)t Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH J. BARTLETT. Staff 20th Maine 18th Massachusetts 1st Michigan 16th Michigan 44th New York 83d Pennsylvania 118th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total First Division 5ECOND nIvIsION. Brig. Gen. HENRY H. Locawoon. Brig. Con. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD. Ii Brig. Gen. ROMEYN B. AYERS. First Brigade.** Brig. Gen. ROMEYN B. AYRE5. Col. EOCAR M. GREGORY. 5th New York 140th New York 146th New York 91st Pennsylvania 155th Pennsylvania 4th United Statestt 10th United Statestt 11th United States 12th United States 14th United States 17th United States Total First Brigade Second Brigade. ~ Col. NATHAN T. DUsHANE. 1st Maryland 4th Maryland 7th Maryland 8th Maryland Purnell Legion, Maryland 2 1 1 7 10 4 3 7 2 4 22 20 42 19 24 43 23 28 54 26 30 55 5 32 9 170 216 1 1 2 21 1 27 2 1 16 20 1 1 6 8 1 34 35 4 2 17 23 2 9 1 12 1 6 2 89 98 12 8 109 3 91 224 6 47 18 308 3 99 481 2 6 2 48 29 87 12 48 60 3 2 3 47 55 2 1 3 1 10 1 12 1 4 4 9 1 2 3 1 6 43 10 1 1 15 36 53 1 2 17 20 1 1 4 24 30 3 10 13 107 249 382 5 13 2 20 1 3 1 5 9 9 1 ::::.~:::::::z 1 8 23 6 37 49 9j 2 Total Second Brigade 13 i 1 ~ Ordered home for muster out June 9. ~ 2d Company Massachusetts Sharpshooters attached. ~ Joined June 1. ~ Bradys company Michigan Sharpshooters attached. II Assigned June 2. Assigned June 6. ** Was First Brigade, First Division, up to June 6. It Transferred from Ninth Corps June 10. 14 Was Third Brigade, Second Division, up to June 6. 170 [CHAP. XLVIII. Second Brigade. Col. JACOB B. SWEITEER Page 171 ChAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. a a a a a s~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Third Brigade.* Col. J. HOWARD KITcHINC. 6th New York (heavy artillery) 15th New York (heavy artillery), 1st and 3d Bat- ... talions. Total Third Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD.t First Brigade.t Col. PETER LyLE. 16th Maine 13th Massachusetts 39th Massachusetts 104th New York 90th Pennsylvania 107th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. JAMES L. BATES. 12th Massachusetts 83d New York (9th Militia) 94th New York 97th New York 11th Pennsylvania 88th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Maj. WILLIAM H. HARTSRORNE. Col. JAMES CARLE t 190th Pennsyivania (1st Veteran Reserves) 191st Pennsylvania (2d Veteran Reserves) Total Third Brigade Total Third Division FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. LVSANDER CUTLER. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM W. ROBINSON. Col. EDWARD S. BRAOG.** 7th Indiana 19th Indiana . 24th Michigan 1st Battalion New York Sharpshooters 6th Wisconsin 7th Wisconsin 2 17 19 3 25 14 173 258 473 3 5 23 31 2 1 5 2 19 3 3 6 1 1 2 2 3 5 3 1 4 7 1 20 30 58 4 17 21 1 1 2 17 1 29 49 1 4 16 1 22 1 5 13 19 1 4 5 3 15 68 1 30 11 6 1 5 12 2 4 1 7 2 10 1 6 19 3 24 1 98 2 66 194 2 2 3 1 2 5 4 5 6 2 2 10 7 10 6 S 5 Total First Brigade * Transferred from the Third Division June 2. f Assigned June 6. ~ Was First Brigade, Second Division, up to June 6. ~ Was Second Brigade, Second Division, up to June 6. Ordered ~ome June 7. Transferred from the First Brigade June 11. ~Assumed command June 7. 10 3. 29 4 46 171 2 14 3 16 Page 172 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Uasualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. ~ 5 biI Command. I) S 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ Second Brigade. Col. J. WILLIAM HOFMANN. 3d Delaware 4th Delaware ~6th New York 95th New York 147th New York 56th Pennsylvania 157th Pennsylvania V Total Second Brigade Total Fourth Division ARTILLERY BRIGAnE. Col. CHARLES S. WAINwRICIIT. Massachusetts Light, 3d Battery (C) Massachusetts Light, 5th Battery (E) 1st New York Light, Battery B 1st New York Light, Battery D 1st New York Light, Batteries E and L New York Light, 15th Battery 4th United States, Batte~y B 5th United States, Battery D Total Artillery Brigade Total Fifth Army Corps SIXTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. HORATIO G. WRICRT. FIRST nIvIsION. Brig. Gen. DAYIn A. RussELL. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM H. PENROSE. 1st Delaware Cavalry (dismounted)* 1st New Jersey~ 3d New Jersey~ 4th New Jersey 10th New Jersey 15th New Jersey Total First Brigade Second Brigade Col. EMORY UPTON. 2d Connecticut (heavy artillery) 5th Maine 121st NewYork 95th Pennsylvania 96th Pennsylvania 12 2 ... 2 1 S 21 11 10 5 16 2 2 2 2 18 4 78 9 111 2 28 7 107 13 157 1 Total Second Brigade 1 1 5 10 2 3 1 3 10 3 23 15 134 40 709 5 437 1,340 .~ 1 1 I SI 23 3 .13 1~ 2j 12 1 16 2 14 2 19 18 4 58 80 121 24 36 1 39~ 7 131 7 185 1 84 4 217 1 18 325 5 5 1 6 7 1 2 12 15 1~ 1 9 1 12 871 71 239 ii 19 * Joined June 6. ~ Joined June 2. ~ Ordered home for muster-out June 4. 172 [CHAP. XLVIII. 14 36 13 12 11 6 19 3 8 6 2 11 3 3 Page 173 EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 173 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. II 0 Wounded. I; 0 0 Captured or missing. 0 0 Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY L. EusTIs. Lieut. Col. GIDEON CLARK.* 6th Maine . 49th Pennsylvania 119th Pennsylvania 5th Wisconsin Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. NELSON Caoss. 65th New York 67th New York . 122d New York 23d Pennsylvania 82d Pennsylvania Total Fourth Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIYISION. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. NEILL. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. FRANK WHEATON. 62d New York 93d Pennsylvania 98th Pennsylvania 102d Pennsylvania 139th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. LEWIS A. GRANT. 2d Vermont 3d Vermont 4th Vermont 5th Vermont 6th Vermont 11th Vermont (1st Heavy Artillery) Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. DANIEL D. BIDWELL. 7th Maine 43d New York 49th New York 77th New York 61st Pennsylvania 2 2 11 1 16 6 4 37 5 52 1 1 11 2 15 1 2 21 4 28 1 10 8 80 12 111 6 13 19 2 8 10 1 9 1 56 67 4 43 6 128 29 210 1 29 6 109 14 159 6 89 13 314 43 465 9 225 35 774 1 81 1,125 1 4 1 4 10 1 2 3 1 8 2 49 60 1 10 4 42 2 59 1 8 6 32 1 48 4 31 12 126 7 180 1 3 14 18 14 1 52 5 72 1 6 2 12 21 1 7 26 34 1 4 16 1 22 18 7 146 171 4 52 10 266 6 338 1 1 17 5 24 1 1 10 12 3 7 1 11 1 10 1 12 10 1 11 Total Third Brigade 6 ~ 54 8 70 * Assigned June 12. CHAP. XLVIII.] Command Page 174 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15,1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. si i ~J3 Command. 15 11 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Fourth Brigade. Col. OI~IvER EDWARDS. 7th Massachusetts 10th Massachusetts 37th Massachusetts 2d Rhode Island Total Fourth Brigade Total Second Division ... THIRD DIVI5ION. Brig. Gen. JAMES B. RIcRETTs. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM S. TRUEX.5 Lieut. Col. CALDWELL K. HALL. Col. JOHN W. SCHALL.t Lieut. CoL CALDWELL K. HALL. 14th New Jersey 106th 1~ew York 151st New York 87th Pennsylvania 10th Vermont Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. BENJAMIN F. SMITH. 6th Maryland. 9th New York (heavy artillery), 1st and 3d Bat- talions. 110th Ohio 122d Ohio 126th Ohio 67th Pennsylvania 138th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. CHARLEs H. ToMPKINs. Maine Light, 4th Battery (D) Maine Light, 5th Battery (E) Massachusetts Light, 1st Battery (A) 1st New Jersey Llght, Battery A New York Light, 1st Battery New York Light, 3d Battery 1st Ohio Light, Battery H 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E 5th United States, Battery M Total Artillery Brigade Total Sixth Army Corps , 33 2 5 2 10 2 4 7 8 27 6 48 8 10 35 12 65 2 3 8 99 28 494 24 653 2 27 4 106 15 154 4 19 3 85 1 22 134 2 12 2 33 1 50 1 4 1 26 1 33 4 24 3 128 1 2 162 13 86 13 378 2 41 533 4 29 1 34 16 5 121 1 5 148 5 1 45 1 52 3 3 42 49 I 10 11 1 14 6 21 5 1 55 5 67 3 34 10 316 1 18 382 16 120 23 694 3 59 915 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 6 4 12 22 450 90 1,974 4 164 * Wounded June 1. t Assumed oommluld June 2 and wounded June 3. 1 1 3 4 2 3 3 1 2 2 17 Page 175 RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 175 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864-Continued. Killed. Wounded Captured or Command. E missing. ci H I) _______________ ~ ____________________________ __ Q ~ NINTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. AMBIIOSE E. BUENSIDE. FIRST DIVISION. Maj. Gen. THOMAS L. CRITTENDEN. Brig. Gen. JAMES H. LEDLIE.* First Brigade. Brig. Gen, JAMES H. LEDLIE. Col. JACOB P. GOuLD.5 56th 1~iassachusetts 1 5 6 57th Massachusetts 1 1 4 3 9 59th 1 1 12 18 32 Total First Brigade t 1 2 2 21 21 47 Secoad Brigade. Col. JOSEPH M. SUDSBURG. Col. EBENEZER W. PEIRCE4 3d Maryland 21st Massachusetts 29th Massachusetts 179th New York 100th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. I - . - _____ _____ Col. ELISHA G. MARSHALL. 14th New York Heavy Artillery 2d Pennsylvania Provisional Heavy Artillery... Total Third Brigade Acting Engineers. 35th Massachusetts Artillery. Maine Light. 2d Battery (B) Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ROBERT B. POTTER. First Brigade. Col. JOHN I. CrETIN. 36th Massachusetts 45 55 58th Massachusetts 3 77 18 125 2d New York Mounted Rifles (dismounted) 1 35 1 16 64 45th Pennsylvania 2 139 22 181 Pennsylvania 55 2 69 50 1 62 Total First Brigade 6 76 13 401 1 59 - 556 * Assigned June 9. t The Fourth and Tenth U. S. Infantry transferred to the First Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Army Corps, June 10. For casualties see p. 170. t Assigned June 4. ~ Joined June 11. Up to June 11 was designated the Provisional Brigade. 1...:. 4 2 7 5 1 25 16 47 4 4 1 1 2 10 3 45 14 72 16 4 79 31 132 2 13 3 40 2 59 119 3 17 4 81 105 2 16 3 57 6 140 224 1 3 1 5 1 1 3 35 9 161 6 195 409 8 2 21 6 10 1 16 2 10 2 11 CHAP. XLVIII. Page 176 OPERATIONS iN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. IS IS . H tJ2 H Command. H H 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. SIMON G. GHIFFIN. 2d Maryland 31st Maine 32d Maine 6th New Hampshire 9th New Hampshire 11th New Hampshire 17th Vermont Total Second Brigade Acting Engineers. 51st New York Artillery. New York Light, 19th Battery Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ORLANDO B. WInnoox. First Brigade. Col. JOHN F. HARTHANFT. 2d Michigan 8th Michigan 2~th Michigan5 109th New York 51st Pennsylvania 38th Wisconsint Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. BENJAMIN C. CHRIsT. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters 20th Michigan.. 24th New York Cavalry (dismounted) 46th New York 60th Ohio~ 50th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Artillery. Maine Light, 7th Battery (G) New York Light, 34th Battery Total Artillery Total Third Division 4 4 2 3 4 3 5 46 32 27 5 26 22 5 76 38 36 6 41 27 2 32 19 163 1 12 229 3 8 6 17 2 8 111 32 574 2 77 804 2 2 44 2 50 8 1 42 52 2 15 2 ~s 74 2 1 21 24 2 8 4 45 59 2 2 5 37 10 207 2 261 1 1 7 12 21 5 1 41 1 8 56 4 1 37 42 84 1 2 13 6 22 1 2 12 4 19 4 1 16 1 22 2 18 4 126 1 73 224 1 2 3 7 55 14 336 1 75 488 Total Ninth Army Corps 18 201 55 1,071 9 * 1st and 2d Companies Michigan Sharpshooters attached. ~ Joined June 10. ~ 9th and 10th Companies Ohio Sharpshooters attached. 347 1,701 1 2 3 17 Page 177 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 177 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. ~ Command. I C) be -a I) C a be ~ 0 0 ~ 0 ~ CAVALRY CORPS. Maj. Gen. PHILIP H. SHERIDAN. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALFRED T. A. TORBERT. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE A. CUSTER. 1st Michigan 1 4 1 19 25 5th Michigan 6th Michigan 1 1 3 5 7th Michigan 2 2 4 Total First Brigade 1 7 2 31 41 Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS C. DEVIN. 6th NewYork 2 1 3 2 S 17th Pennsylvania 2 20 22 Total Second Brigade 4 1 23 2 30 Reserve Brigade. Brig. Gen. I,~TESLEY MERRITT. 19th New York (1st Dragoons) s 4 22 1 as 6th Pennsylvania 1 4 10 1 16 1st United States 2 3 20 25 2d UnitedStates 1 1 9 Total Reserve Brigade 1 15 8 59 2 85 Total First Division 2 26 11 113 4 156 SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID McM. GREGG. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY E. DAVIES, Jr. 1st Massachusetts 1 1 10th NewYork 2 2 6thOhio 1 5 6 1st Pennsylvania 1 12 13 Total First Brigade 2 19 1 22 Second Brigade. Col. J. IRVIN GREGG. lstMaine 5 6 2d Pennsylvania 3 3 13th Pennsylvania 4 1 5 Total Second Brigade 1 .. 12 1 14 Total Second Division 1 2 31 2 36 12 H HVOL XXXVI, PT Page 178 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Return of Gasualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded Captured or missing. IS Command. ,ji IS Ii H IA a a a I) O 0 0 I.. a a a IA IA o ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES H. WILSON. Staff First Bri3ade. Col. JOHN B. MCINTOSH. 1St Connecticut 3d New Jersey 2d New York 5th New York 2d Ohio 18th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. GEORGE H. CHAPMAN. 3d Indiana 1st New Hampshire 8th New York 22d New York 1st Vermont Total Second Brigade Total Third Division HORSE ARTILLERY BRICADE. Capt. JAMES N. ROHEETSON. 1st United States, Batteries H and I 1st United States, Battery K 2d United States, Battery A 2d United States, Battery G 4th United States, Batteries C and E Total Horse Artillery Brigade Total Cavalry Corps EIGHTEENTH ARMY CORPS.* Maj. Gen. WILLIAM F. SMITH. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM T. H. BROOKS. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. GILMAN MARSTON. 81st New York 96th New York 98th New York 139th New York Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. HIRAM BURNHAM. 8th Connecticut 10th New Hampshire 13th New Hampshire 118th Eew York Total Second Brigade 3 1 1 1 8 11 3 3 1 1 1 9 4 14 2 2 9 13 i 2 1 33 28 65 2 6 1 46 52 107 2 16 18 1 2 15 18 1 2 28 2 33 2 2 24 1 6 35 2 1 1 20 2 26 3 8 5 103 10 130 5 14 6 149 2 62 238 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 6 7 1 5 6 3 16 19 8 43 19 109 2 68 449 3 43 11 148 10 215 4 6 2 47 5 67 1 19 3 88 3 114 2 31 4 114 2 153 10 99 20 397 23 549 6 8 3 15 6 6 1 35 10 31 85 58 22 196 37 102 86 30 2o5 11 * Temporarily attached to the Army of the Potomac from the Army of the James. 178 Page 179 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Casualtie8 in the Union forces, & e.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Command. Killed. 0 ~ Wounded. a 0 a 0 ~ Captured or missing. ,ji a a 0 ~ Third Brigade. Col. Guy V HENRY. 21st Connecticut* 40th Massachusettst 92d New York 58th Pennsylvania 188th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total First Division 5ECONO nIYssION. Brig. Cell. JOHN H. MARTINnALE. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE J. STANNARD. 2.3d Massachusetts 25th Massachusetts 27th Massachusetts 9th New Jersey 89th New York t 55th Penusylvaniat Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. GRIFFIN A. STEnMAN, Jr. 11th Connecticut 8th ilainet 2d New Hampshire 12th New Hampshire 148th New York Total Second Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIV1510N4 Brig. Gen. CHARLES DEVENS, Jr. Brig. Gen. ADELBERT AMES. First Brigade. Col. WSLLIAM B. BARTON. 47th New York 48th New York 115th New York 76th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade 1 8 1 19 14 9 15 58 2 3 2 7 14 47 63 69 49 1.37 365 2 3 8 15 50 90 88 61 171 460 21 192 44 958 49 1,264 3 2 44 5 54 1 23 14 128 2 47 215 3 19 6 62 4 94 7 1 34 42 3 15 2 20 12 5 105 29 151 4 67 28 388 2 87 576 12 6 86 6 110 12 3 84 2 101 2 6 3 66 1 78 2 21 6 123 15 167 20 3 97 4 124 4 71 21 456 28 580 8 138 49 844 2 115 1,156 8 29 3 40 1 11 4 63 14 93 4 1 13 18 6 I 42 49 ii 29 6 147 17 200 * Joined army May 10. t Temporarily attached from Tenth Army Corps. t Organized temporarily May 30, 1864, and consisted of troops previously known as the Second and Third Divisions of the Tenth Army Corps. ~ Assigned June 4, General Devens being relieved on account of ill-health. 179 IS I be a -I Page 180 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLV.LII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. COLD HARBOR, BETHESDA CHURCH, ETC., JUNE 2-15, 1864Continued. Command. Second Brigade. Col. JEREMIAH C. DRAKE.* Lieut. Col. ZINA H. ROBINSON. Col. ALEXANDER PIPER.t Col. N. MARTIN CuRTis. 13th Indiana 9th Maine 112th New York 169th New York 10th New York Heavy Artillery Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. ADELBERT AMES. Col. HENRY H. GUSS. Col. LOUIS BELL. 4th New Hampshire 3d New York 117th New York 142d New York 97th PennSylvania Total Third Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Capt. SAMUEL S. ELDER. 1st United States, Battery B 4th United States, Battery L 5th United States, Battery A Total Artillery Brigade Killed. 0 1 Total Eighteenth Army Corps 33 1 12 27 8 1 Wounded. 0 4 5 4 5 51 135 67 Captured or missing. 0 2 3 12 1 9 72 180 81 1 2 49 14 258 2 18 343 2 2 1 1 7 4 8 8 9 10 5 14 10 10 1 7 2 36 3 49 4 85 22 4412 38 592 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 6 8 416 116 2,249 4 202 3,020 RECAPITULATION. Engineer troops 3 3 Second Army Corps 36 458 133 2,329 11 563 3,510 Fifth Army Corps 15 134 40 709 5 437 1,340 Sixth Army Corps 33 450 90 1,974 4 164 2,715 Ninth Army Corps 18 201 55 1,071 9 347 1,701 Cavalry Corps 8 4.3 19 30) 2 68 449 Eighteenth Army Corps 33 416 116 2,249 4 1 202 3,020 Grand aggregate 143 1,702 433 8,644 35 1,781 12,733 * Mortally wounded June 1. ~ Assigned June 5; relieved June 9. 18 Page 181 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO TIlE JAMES. 181 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. OFFICERS KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. CONNECTICUT. Capt. Joseph Backus, 1st Cavalry. Maj. Joseph H. Converse, 11th Infantry~ Col. Elisha S. Kellogg, 2d Heavy Artil- Capt. Amos T. Allen, 11th Infantry. lery. Lieut. Samuel C. Barnum, 11th Infantry. Capt. Luman Wadhams, 2d Heavy Artil- Lieut. Col. Thomas F. Burpee, 21st In- lery. fantry. DELAWARE. Lient. Benjamin Y. Draper, 1st Infantry. Lieut. Purnell J. Pettijohn, 3d Infantry. Lieut. Henry H. Jones, 2d Infantry. Lient. Richard H. Webb, 4th Infantry. MAINE. Chaplain George W. Bartlett, 1st Cay- Capt. James M. Williams, 31st Infantry. alry. Lieut. Charles A. Farrington, 31st In- Lieut. Charles F. Monroe, 8th Infantry. fantry. Capt. Lewis Cross, jr., 9th Infantry. Lieut. Edwin S. Rogers, 31st Infantry. Lieut. James L. Thompson, 9th Infantry. Capt. William R. Ham, 32d Infantry. MASSACHUSETTS. Capt. Charles F. Pray, 18th Infantry. Col. Richard Byrnes, 28th Infantry. Lient. John B. Thompson, 19th Infantry. Lieut. James B. West, 28th Infantry. Capt. Joseph II. Baxter, 2 A Infantry. Lieut. Col. George E. Marshall, 40th In- Capt. Thomas ONeil, 25th Infantry. fantry. Licut. Henry McConville, 25th Infantry. Lieut. George C. Bancroft, 40th Infantry. Lieut. William Daley, 25th Infantry. Lient. Edward Carleton, 40th Infantry. Licut. James Graham, 25th Infantry. Capt. Robert J. Cowden, 50th Infantry. Licut. Henry Matthews, 25th Infantry. Maj. Barnabus Ewer, jr., 58th Infantry. Lieut. Charles H. Pelton, 25th Infantry. Capt. Thomas McFarland, 58th Infantry. Ma,j. William A.. Walker, 27th Infantry. Capt. Charles M. Upham, 58th Infantry. Capt. Edward R.Wilcox, 27th Infantry. Lieut. William H. Burbank, 58th In- Lient. Samuel Morse, 27th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. Frederick C. Wright, 27th In- fantry. MICHIGAN. Capt. William M. Brevoort, 1st Cavalry. Maj. Samuel Moody, 27th Infantry. Lieut. George S. Williams, 2d Infantry. Lient. Charles S. Miller, 27th Infantry. Lieut. James W. Vesey, 4th Infantry. Lieut. Charles H. Seymour, 27th In- Maj. William E. Lewis, 8th Infantry. fantry. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Lieut. Robert Campbell, 1st Cavalry. Lient. Joseph M. Shepard, 6th Infantry. Capt. George W. Gordon, 2d Infantry. Lient. James Knott, 10th Infantry. Capt. William H. Smith, 2d Infantry. Lient. Daniel W. Russell, 10th Infantry. Lient. Henry Hayward, 2d Infantry. Lieut. Gorbam P. Dunn, 12th Infantry. Capt. George F. Goodwin, 5th Infantry. Lient. Charles S. Emery, 12th Infantry. Lieut. Mason W. Humphrey, 5th In- Lieut. William P. Ham, 12th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. Joseph K. Whittier, 12th Infantry. NEW JERSEY. Capt. Oscar Westlake, 3d Infantry. Lieut. Marcus A. Stults, 14th Infantry. Capt. James McComb, 12th Infantry. Lient. Isaac S. Tingley, 14th Infantry Page 182 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Ret itrn of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. NEW YORK. Lieut. Daniel Layton, 22d Cavalry. Lieut. Jeremiah R. Morrison, 2d Mounted Rifles. Capt. Michael OBrien, 2d Heavy Artil- lery. Lieut. Marcus Kenyon, 2d Heavy Artil- lery. Lieut. William H. Roff, 2d Heavy Artil- lery. Col. Lewis 0. Morris, 7th Heavy Artil- lery. Lieut. Michael H. Barclay, 7th Heavy Artillery. Lieut. Charles S. Evans, 7th Heavy Artil- lery. Lieut. Thomas J. McClure, 7th Heavy Artillery. Lieut. John B. Read, 7th Heavy Artillery. Col. Peter A. Porter, 8th Heavy Artillery. Capt. Alex. Gardner, 8th Heavy Artil- lery. Capt. William J. Hawkins, 8th Heavy Artillery. Lieut. Arthur L. Chase, 8th Heavy Artil- lery. Lieut. Oliver M. Campbell, 8th Heavy Artillery. Licut. George W. Gladden, 8th Heavy Artillery. Lieut. Wallace B. Hard, 8th Heavy Artil- lery. Lieut. Fayette S. Brown, 8th Heavy Artillery. Lieut. Joseph S. Caldwell, 8th Heavy Artillery. Capt. Truman Gregory, 9th Heavy Artil- lery. Capt. Luther Kieffer, 14th Heavy Artil- lery. Lieut. Elisha Bentley, 14th Heavy Artil- lery. Lieut. Charles De Mott, Battery D, 1st Light Artillery. Lieut. Col. Cleveland Winslow, 5th In- fantry. Capt. Lawrence Murphy, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Constantine Weinberg, 5th Infan- try. Lieut. Theodore Markscheffel, 46th In- fantry. Lieut. Aaron H. Ingraham, 48th Infan- try. Capt. Isaac Plumb, 61st Infantry. Lieut. Joel C. Perrington, 61st Infantry. Maj. Wilson Hubbell, 62d Infantry. Col. Orlando H. Morris, 66th Infantry. Capt. Alexander M. McCune, 74th Infan- try. Capt. Willard W. Ballard, 81st Infantry. Capt. James Martin, 81st Infantry. Lieut. John W. Burke, 81st Infantry. Lieut. Michael Keating, 82d Infantry. Lieut. James E. Byrnes, 88th Infantry. Lieut. Col. Hiram Anderson, jr., 92d In- fantry. Col. Edward Pye, 95th Infantry. Capt. James L. Cray, 96th Infantry. Capt. John Hallock, 96th Infantry. Lieut. John G. Johnson, 96th Infantry. Lieut. Stephen B. Little, 96th Infantry. Lieut. Joseph South, 96th Infantry. Lieut. Paul Vigeau, 96th Infantry. Lieut. John Koch, 97th Infantry. Col. Frederick F. Wead, 98th Infantry. Capt. Lyman A. Rogers, 98th Infantry. Lieut. Col. Charles Townsend, 106th In- fantry. Lieut. James H. Bayne, 106th Infantry. Lieut. Aaron B. Blackman, 106th Inf an- try. Lieut. Charles W. Sheppard, 106th In- fantry. Lieut. John S. Kinleyside, 108th Infan- try. Col. Jeremiah C. Drake, 112th Infantry. Capt. John G. Palmeter, 112th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Hull, 112th Infantry. Lieut. Gordon L. Pierce, 112th Infantry. Lieut. Isaac H. Dann, 117th Infantry. Lieut. Michael Reynolds, 118th Infantry. Lieut. Frank M. Wooster, 122d Intantry. Lieut. Abram Huntoop, jr., 126th Infan- try. Lieut. Col. Edgar Perry, 139th Infantry. Capt. S. Clark Beecher, 139th Infantry. Lieut. Hugh Chalmers, 146th Infantry. Lieut. Oscar M. Adams, 148th Infantry. Lieut. Reuben F. Scott, 148th Infantry. Capt. Benjamin Goodspeed, 151st Infan- try. Capt. John C. Schoen, 151st Infantry. Capt. William S. Schuyler, 155th Infan- try. Lieut. Richard B. Dunphey, 155th Infan- try. Col. James P. McMahon, 164th Infantry. Capt. Thomas Hickey, 164th Infantry. Capt. William Maroney, 164th Infantry. Licut. Joseph S. Abraham, 164th Infan- try. Licut. Robert Boyle, 164th Infantry. Lieut. Edward McCaffrey, 164th Infan- try. Lieut. James M. Reddy. 164th Infantry. Col. John McConihe, 169th Infantry. Capt. Edward K. Butler, 182d Infantry. Capt. John H. Nugent, 182d Infantry. OHIO. Lieut. Samuel J. Evans, 60th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Hixon, 126th Infantry. Lient. James Hartley, 122d Infantry. 182 [CHAP. XLVIII Page 183 CHAP. XLVIII.] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 183 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. PENNSYLVANIA. Lieut. David H. Wilson, 1st Cavalry. Lieut. Isaac W. Cornelius, 100th Infan- Lieut. Arthur E. Murphy, 0th Cavalry, try. Capt. Samuel H. Tresonthick, 18th Cay- Lient. Col. William Mcllwaine, 102d In- airy. fantry. Lieut. Samuel H. McCormick, 18th Cay- Lieut. Andrew J. Meliwaine, 102d In- airy. fantry. Lient. Richard Waters, 21st Cavalry. Lieut. Salathiel R. Townsend, 100th In- Lient. John P. Straw, 11th Infantry. fantry. Capt. Henry A. Marchant, 28d Infantry. Lient. David L. Ware, 118th Infantry. Lieut. John G. Boyd, 23d Infantry. Licut. George C. Humes, 119th Infantry. Lieut. James Johnston, 23d Infantry. Licut. Charles P. McLaughlin, 138th In. Lient. James G. Williamson, 23d Infan- fantry. try. Lieut. Col. William H. Moody, 139th In Maj. Edward A. Kelsey, 45th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. De Witt C. Hoig, 45th Infantry. Capt. William W. Dyer, 139th Infantry. Lieut. George P. Scudder, 45th Infantry. Lieut. Samuel C. Snell, 145th Infantry. Lient. Col. Edwin Schall, 51st Infantry. Lieut. Jacob S. Lander, 148th Infantry. Lient. Isaac Fizone, 51st Infantry. Capt. Joseph R. Smith, 183d Infantry. Lient. Samuel M. Adams, 02d Infantry. Lieut. Benjamin B. Lathbury, 183d In- Lieut. Jefferson Truitt, 62d Infantry. fantry. Lieut. William Phillips, 62d Infantry. Lieut. S. Hamilton Norman, 184th In- Lieut. William Whildey, 09th Infantry. fantry. Col. H. Boyd McKeen, 81st Infantry. Lieut. William D. Williams, 184th In- Lient. Robert G. Creighton, 52d Infantry. fantry. Capt. Thaddeus S. Pfeiffer, 87th Infan- Capt. Harry E. Bred, 188th Infantry. try. Capt. Hiram Moeller, 188th Infantry. Capt. George B. Rhoades, 88th Infantry. Lieut. William Dietbrhie, 188th Infantry. Lieut. John T. Hannum, 90th Infantry. Lieut. Adam W. Mattice, 188th Infan- Maj. John W. Beamish, 98th Infantry. try. Lieut. Edward Schwatlo, 98th Infantry. Lieut. Ernest Schmidt, 188th Infantry. UNITED STATES ARMY. Capt. Samuel McKee, 1st Cavalry. Lient. August Eggemeyer, 12th Infantry. VERMONT. Lieut. Col. Addison W. Preston, 1st Lieut. Abel K. Parsons, 4th Infantry. Cavalry. Capt. Merrill T. Sampson, 5th Infantry. Capt. Oliver T. Cushman, 1st Cavalry. Maj. Richard B. Crandall, 6th Infantry. Lieut. John Williamson, 1st Cavalry. Capt. Samuel Darrah, 10th Infantry. Lieut. Dustan S. Walbridge, 1st Heavy Capt. Edwin B. Frost, 10th Infantry. Artillery. Lieut. Ezra Stetson, 10th Infantry. Lient. Stephen R. Wilson, 1st Heavy Lieut. Charles G. Newton, 10th Infantry. Artillery. Capt. Andrew J. Davis, 17th Infantry. Lieut. Hiram C. Bailey, 2d Infantry. Lieut. Gardner W. Gibson, 1 ith Infan- Lieut. Henry C. Miller, 3d Infantry. try. WEST VIRGINIA. ~ Lieut. David F. Potter, 7th Infantry. WIScONSIN. Col. Frank A. Haskell, 30th Infantry. Lieut. William H. Lamberton, 86th In- fantry Page 184 OPERATIONS IN SF. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. [CIlAP. XLVIII. TODDS TAVERN TO THE JAMES RIVER, MAY 9-24, 1864.* Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. I Cl) Cl) Cl) H Command. I- H I) H 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ CAVALRY CORPS. Maj. Gen. PHILIP H. SHERIDAN. Davenport, May 9,1864. 1st Massachusetts 1st New Jersey 6th Ohiot 1st Pennsylvania Total Beaver Darn Station, North Anna, and Daven- port Ford (or Bridge), May 9-10, 1864. 1st Mainel 1st Michigan. 19th New York (1st Dragoons) 6th Peunsylvanla 18th Pennsylvania 5th United States 1st Vermont Total Ground Squirrel Bridge (or Church), Glen Allen Station, Ashland, and Yellow Tavern, May 11, 1864. FIR5T DIVISION. 1st Michigan 5th Michigan 6th Michigan 7th Michigan 6th New York 9th New York 19th New York (1st Dragoons) 6th Penusylvama 17th Pennsylvania 1st United States 2d United States 5th United States Total First Division 5ECOND DIVISION. 1st Maine 1st Massachusetts 10th New York 2d Pennsylvania 4th Pennsylvania 8th Pennsylvania Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. 3d Indiana . 1st Vermont Total Third Division 2 1 2 19 13 2 21 3 10 26 30 13 2 2 35 2 34 76 1 1 2 4 2 ~. 4 8 1 .7 8 1 6 7 I 1 2 1 2 49 54 2 1 3 5 1 10 2 67 85 11 1 33 3 48 4 .2 12 3 21 2 6 1 9 3 13 2 16 35 1 1 2 8 12 2 3 1 6 4 4 1 1 6 6 2 2 1 1 25 5 82 2 31 146 2 1 24 1 26 54 5 1 7 2 10 26 5 7 12 3 3 1 1 6 6 8 2 45 3 43 102 1 1 2 5 3 10 2 6 3 11 Total Cavalry Corps 2 33 9 133 5 77 295 * The entire Cavalry Corps, except the Fifth New York, participate4 in this movement. Only such organizations as reported losses are included in this table. For a full roster of the command see p. 114. f Capt. James S. Abeli, killed. ~ Lieut. Col. Stephen Boothby, mortally wounded. ~ Maj. Henry W. Granger, ~th Michigan, and Lieut. Edward P. Hopkins. 1st Massachusetts, killed; Capt. Benjamin F. Axtell, 5th Michigan, and Capt. John Q. Brown, 9th New York, mortally wounded. 18 Page 185 CRAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Gasualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. TODDS TAVERN TO THE JAMES RIVER, MAY 9-24, 1864Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. cli . Command. 0 6 ~ o ~ o ~ Meadow Bridges, Mechaniesrille, Strawberry Hill, Brook Church (or Richmond Fortifications), May 12,1864. FIRST DIVISION. 1st Michigan 5th Michigan 6th Michigan 6th New York 9th New York 19th New York (1st Dragoons) 6th Pennsylvania 17th Pennsylvania 1st United States 5th United States Total First Division 2 SECOND DIVISION. 1st Maine 1st New Jersey 10th New York 6th Ohio 2d Pennsylvania 4th Pennsylvania 8th Pennsylvania 16th Pennsylvania Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. 1st Connecticut 3d indiana 8th New York 18th Pennsylvania 1st Vermont Total Third Division 4th U. S. Artillery, Batteries C and E Total Cavalry Corps* Minor skirmishes, d~c., ea route, May 924, 1864.t 1st Main4 1st Massachusetts 1st Michigan 5th Michigan 9th New York 1st. Pennsylvania 4th Pennsylvania 6th Pennsylvania 8th Pennsylvania 16th Pennsylvania 25 United States 5th United States Grand total Cavalry Corps 2 3 7 9 7 4 2 5 3 10 37 7 2 1 3 3 9 1 10 10 12 3 54 1 1 4 6 1 1 2 1 8 9 3 3 27 3 3 i 5 2 9 3 3 5 3 54 3 65 1 4 3 8 7 7 1 7 1 6 16 3 3 8 4 12 2 29 1 13 46 1 4 3 12 4 124 1 26 170 1~ 1 1 1 1 5 2 3 2 I I I 1 I 6 2 1 1 2 .. I 57 16 321 10 214 5 2 2 5 2 6 I 1 1 9 4 1 625 *Lieut. Thomas A. Edie, 6th Michigan, Richard S. Taylor, 8th New York, and Joseph S. Shultz, 17th Pennsylvania, killed; Maj. A. MacQuin Corrigan, 9th New York, mortally wounded. t Including Mattapony Church, Jones Bridge, Haxalls, White House Lauding, Hanover Court-House, & c. ~ Lient. William Harris, killed at Jones Bridge, May 17. 18 Page 186 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. THE TREYLLIAN RAID, JUNE 7-24, 1864. Killed. Wounded. Command. 3 0 0 Captured or missing. 0 ~ CAVALRY CORPS. Maj. Gen. PHILIP H. SHERIDAN. Trevilian Station and Newark (or Mallorys Cross-Roads), June 1112, 1864. HEADQUARTERS ESCORT. 6th U. S. Cavalry FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALFRED T. A. TORBERT. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE A. CUSTER. Staff 1st Michigan 5th Michigan 6th Michigan 7th Michigass Total First Brigade ___ Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS C. DEVIN. 4th New York 6th New York 9th New York 17th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Reserve Brigade. Brig. Gen. WESLEY MERRITT. 19th New York (1st Dragoons) 6th Peunsylvanla 1st United States 2d United States 5th United States Total Reserve Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID McM. GREGG. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY E. DAVIES, Jr. 1st Massachusetts 1st New Jersey 10th New York 1st Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. J. IRVIN GREGG. 2d Pennsylvania 4th Pennsylvania 8th Pennsylvania 13th Pennsylvania 16th Pennsylvania 3 1 4 1 1 iO ~ 2 62 99 4 4 7 1 135 151 7 1 21 1 59 89 2 1 25 48 76 2 23 9 73 5 304 416 1 5 5 27 6 44 2 1 10 27 40 4 3 38 5 50 S 19 2 26 1 16 9 94 40 160 16 4 57 1 7 85 6 1 55 5 67 2 6 1 31 5 45 1 7 2 36 1 4 51 1 2 6 4 13 4 37 8 185 2 25 261 7 76 26 352 7 369 837 2 2 1 2 3 6 1 3 1 15 20 1 1 1 4 1 17 6 29 5 23 16 2 13 21 1 2 5 6 7 31 26 9 16 Total Second Brigade 1 lOj 4~ 59 1 14 89 Total Second Division . I 2 j 14 1 5 76 I~i 20 118 186 [CHAP. XLVIII Page 187 RAPJDAN TO THE JAMES. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Confinued. THE THE VILIAN RAID, JUNE 7-24, 1864Continued. Killed. Command. HORSE ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Capt. JAMES M. ROBERTSON. 1St United States, BRtteries H Rnd I 2d United States, Battery D 2d United States, Battery N Total Horse Artillery Brigade Total at Trevilian Station, & c. * White House (or Saint Peters Church) and Black Creek (or Tunstalls Station), June 21, 1564. 1st Maine 9th New York 1st Pennsylvania 17th Pennsylvania Ji 0 Wounded. i u 0 ~ 1 1 2 3 2 5 Soint Marys Church, June 24, 1864. 1st Maine 1st New Jersey.... 10th New York 6th Ohio 1st Pennsylvania 2d Pennsylvania 4th Pennsylvania 8th Pennsylvania 11th Pennsylvania 16th Pennsylvania 1st U. S. Artillery, Batteries H and I 2d U S. Artillery, Battery A Total Saint Marys Churcht Minor skirmishes, cf~c., en route, June 724, 18644 1st New Jersey 4th New York 6th New York 9th New York 10th New York 19th New York (1st Dragoons) 6th Ohio 2d Pennsylvania . 4th Pennsylvania 6th Pennsylvania 13th Pennsylvania 16th Pennsylvania 17th Pennsylvania 6th United States 1st U. S. Artillery, Batteries H and I 2d U. S. Artillery, Bat ry D Grand total Trevilian raid Captured or missing. I 0 ~ 37~ 37 50 41 3 2 I 13 1 31 5 1 19 2 19 1 13 2 14 3 7 10 I 5 24 9 179~ 13 109 1 6 12 1 2 2 4 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 44 48 9 93 32 438 8 427 1,007 1 5 6 1 1 5 7 3 28 3 19 53 5 12 17 Total White House, & c 10 1 _____ 3 19 83 2 7 5 5 66 I 2 5 2 3 7 22 1 2 35 12 25 1 27 49 4 12 37 2 7 24 2 25 44 1 3 11 2 4 16 1 2 _______________________________ 339 2 2 4 24 2 4 5 11 2 4 9 9 1 3 3 3 1 1 5 7 1 3 7 7 2 2 l4j 136 43 695 25 599 1.512 * Officers killed or mortally wounded.Col. William Sackett, 9th New York; Capts. Aipheus W. Carr, 1st Michigan, John Ordner, 10th New York, and Albert C. Walker (killed June 10), 2d Pennsylvania; Lieuts. Robert S. Warren, 1st Michi- gan, Oliver S. Wood, 4th New York, John H. Nichols and Frederick C. Ogden, 1st United States, Michael Lawless, 2d United States, Joseph P. Henley, 5th United States, and Philip D. Mason, 1st U. S. Artillery. t Officers killed or mortally wounded.Capts. Walstein Phillips and Osco A. Ellis, 1st Maine; Lieut. Henry M. Baldwin, 6th Ohio; Lieuts. Alonzo Reed and Joseph S. Wright, 1st Pennsylvania; Col. George H. Covode, 4th Pennsylvania; Capt. Wil- kinson W. Paige, 10th New York. t Including King and Queen Court-House, June 18 and 20; Jones Bridge, June 23, & c. CHAP. XLVIII.] 18 Page 188 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. General summary from the Rapidan to the James River, May 5June 24, 1 864.* Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Battles, & c. ,,~ H H 5) 5) 5) o o . ~ H 5) H o ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ The Wilderness, May 57 143 2, 103 569 11,468 138 3,245 17,666 Spotsylvania Court-House, May 821 174 2,551 672 12,744 62 2,196 18,399 North Anna, Parnunkey, and Totopotomoy, May 41 550 159 2,575 17 644 3,986 22-June 1. Cold Harbor, Bethesda Church, & c., June 215. 143 2,702 433 8,644 35 1,781 12,738 Todds Tavern to James Hiver (Sheridan), May 7 57 16 321 10 214 625 924. Trevilian raid (Sheridan), June 724 14 136 43 695 25 599 1,512 Total 522 7,099 1,892 36,447 287 8,679 54,926 No. 3. Report of Maj. Gen. George G. ]JiEeade, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Potomac. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, November 1, 1864. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit, for the information of the lieutenant-general commanding, amid at his request, the subjoined onthue of the movements of this army since the commencement of the campaign. The losses of commanders from the casualties of bat- tle and expiration of service, the continuous operations that have been carried on almost without interruption, have preclnded the possibility of any snbordinate reports either being made out or trans- mitted to these headquarters. The following narration is, therefore, made principally from memory and from such personal notes and documents as were at hand. It is necessarily brief and imperfect, and will undoubtedly in time be found to contain errors both of omission and commission. For these I must ask the indulgence of muy brother officers and soldiers, with the assurance that when sub- ordinate reports are received and time is given me it will be my duty, as well as my pleasure, to prepare a detailed report, which shall bear testimony to their gallantry and devotion to their country, so signally exhibited on this remarkable campaign, which I think I can, withont exaggeration, pronounce as omie unparalleled in military history for its duration, the character of the operations, and the number of battles fought. Early in May the Army of the Potomac, nuder my immediate command, consisted of the Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps of infantry, commanded, respectively, by Major-Gen- erals Hancock, Warren, and Sedgwick; the Cavalry Corps under the command of Major-General Sheridan; a reserve park of artillery under the direction of Brigadier-General Hunt, chief of artillery, and under the immediate command of Col. H. S. Burton, Fifth U. S. Artillery; an Engineer Brigade and pontoon train umider Major Duane, Engineers; also a large park of supply wagons under the charge of Brig. Gen. Rufns Ingalls, chief quartermaster. The army * Covering the period of operations on the north side of the James River and ter- minating with the cavalry engagement at Saint Marys Church, June 24. 18 Page 189 CRAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 189 occupied a position on the north bank of the Rapidan, confronting the Confederate army under General Lee. The latter, composed of the corps of Longstreet, Ewell, and Hill, with Stuarts cavalry, occupied a strong position on the south bank of the Rapidan, well protected in front by field-works, with its left flank covered by the Rapidan and the mountains near Orange Court-House, and its right flank guarded by an intrenched line extending from Mortons Ford to Mine Run. The lieutenant-general commanding having directed a movement to turn the enemys right flank, the army was put in motion on the 4th of May as follows: The Fifth Corps, followed by the Sixth, was directed to cross at Germanna Ford and advance to the Old Wilder- ness Tavern on the Orange and Fredericksburg turnpike; the Sec- ond Corps, followed by the Artillery Reserve, crossed at Elys Ford arid was directed to take position at Chancellorsville. Each column was preceded by a division of cavalry that were directed to push well out to the front and flanks and feel for the enemy. The park of supply trains was assembled at Richardsville, guarded by a division of cavalry, and crossed after the troops, moviug to Chancellorsville. These movements were all executed as directed, and the various corps of the army having crossed the Rapidan without opposition, occupied the several positions assigned them early in the afternoon of the 4th. It having been determined to turn well the enemys right flank to avoid the intrenchments of Mine Run, the army was put in motion the next day in the same general relative order. About 7 a. in., the head of the Fifth Corps column being near Parkers Store, on the Orange and Fredericksburg plank road, infor- ruation was received that the enemy had appeared on the Orange pike. Orders were immediately sent to Major-General Warren to halt his column, concentrate his command on the pike, and when his troops were in hand to immediately attack any force in his front. At the same time the Sixth Corps was ordered to move and take po- sition to the right of the Fifth, taking such wood roads as could be found and joining in any attack the L tter might make. One divis- ion (Gettys) of the Sixth was sent tG the Orange plank road, where the Brock road intersects it, to hold this crossing at all hazards till the arrival of the Second Corps, ordered up from Todds Tavern. About noon Major-General Warren had gotten into position on the pike and attacked vigorously with the divisions of Griffin and Wadsworth. This attack was at first quite successful Griffin driv- ing the enemy (Ewells corps) some distance back on the pike, but) as, owing to the dense thicket and want of roads, the Sixth Corps had not been able to get into position, Griffins flank was exposed as he advanced, which the enemy taking advantage of, Griffin was compelled partially to withdraw, having to abandon two pieces of artillery. Wadsworth was also driven back. In the mean time Crawfords division, which had the advance in the morning, was withdrawn to the right toward the pike and was formed on the left of Wadsworth, one brigade advancing with Wadsworth. When Wads- worth was compelled to retire Crawford was for a time isolated, but was drawn in, not, however, without the loss of many prisoners. Getty, on arriving on the Orange plank, found our cavalry being driven in by Hills corps, and had just time to deploy on each side of the road, delivering a volley into the advancing enemy, which checked Iris progress until the arrival of the head of Hancocks co Page 190 [CHAP. XLVIII. 190 OPERATIONS IN ~SE. VA. AND N. C. nmn at about 2 p. m. So soon as Hancock arrived he was directed to attack with Getty, which was done at first successfully, the en- emy, however, offering stubborn resistance. Motts division, Sec- ond Corps, gave way, when Brig. Gen. Alexander Hays, in going to repair the break in the line, was shot dead while gallantly leading his command in the thickest of the fight. The enemys columns be- ing seen moving over to the Orange plank road, Wadsworths divis- ion and Baxters brigade of the Fifth Corps were sent in that direc- tion to take position and attack in conjunction with Hancock. They did not arrive, however, in time before dark to do more than drive in the enemys skirmishers and confront him. Toward evening the Sixth Corps made its way through the dense thicket and formed connection with the Fifth, but nothing decisive was accomplished by either corps. Orders were given on the night of the 5th for each corps to at- tack promptly at 5 a. m. the next day. I was advised by the lieu- tenant-general commanding that the Ninth Corps, Major-General Burnside, was ordered up and would attack at the same hour, going in between the Orange plank road and the turnpike. On the 6th, the attacks were made as ordered, but without any parjiicular success on the part of either the Fifth or Sixth Corps. On the plank road the attack of Wadsworths and Gettys divisions and Hancocks corps was quite successful, and the enemy was driven up the road in con- fusion and disorder for more than a mile, when, Longstreets corps coming up. the tide of battle was turned, and our victorious line was forced back to its former position on the Brock road, the gallant Wadsworth falling mortally wounded while exerting himself to rally the retiring columns. The brave Getty was also severely wounded early in the action, though refusing for some time to leave the field. Soon after Hancock fell back; about 2 p. in., Buruside attacked toward the Orange plank road to the right and in advance of Han- cocks position, but the enemy being able to meet the assault with his whole force, Burnside was unable to produce any impression, and after evening withdrew and took a position between the Sec- ond and Fifth Corps. Just before dark the enemy moved a con- siderable force around the right flank of the Sixth Corps, held by Ricketts division, and, in conjunction with a demonstration in front, succeeded in forcing this division back in some confusion, making prisoners of Generals Seymour and Shaler and a number of men. This substantially terminated the battle of the Wilderness, for the next day, May 7, Hancock advancing found the enemy had with- drawn from his immediate front, and on pushiiig forward found him in a strong intrenched line near Parkers Store, connecting with his intrenched line on the turnpike. On the 5th, Wilsons division of cavalry moved from Parkers Store toward the Catharpin road, and when the infantry was con- centrated to meet the advancing enemy Wilson became isolated and was attacked by the enemys cavalry. He, however, succeeded in cutting his way through and rejoining Sheridan. On the 6th, Sheridan held the left flank and rear of the army, repulsing all of Stuarts attempts to penetrate around our flanks, and on the 7th, concentrating his command at Todds Tavern, Slier- idan attacked and drove for some distance the enemys cavalry, in- flicting on him severe losses. The lieutenant-general commanding, on the 7th, directing a furthe Page 191 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 191 movement toward Spotsylvania Court-House, the army was put in motion on that night, the Fifth Corps, preceded by the cavalry, moving on the Brock road, followed by the Second and the Sixth Corps on the Orange plank and turnpike, preceded by the trains and followed by the Ninth Corps. In order to clear the roads it was necessary to move the trains by daylight, which undoubtedly gave notice to the enemy; for early on the 8th of May Warren met Longstreets corps on the Brock road, near the crossing of the Po River, prepared to dispute the passage. Warren immediately at- tacked with Robinsons division, that gallant officer being severely wounded early in the action, pushing the enemy back and taking position in front of him near the Block house. The Sixth Corps was ordered up to take position on Warrens left, and the Second Corps posted at Todds Tavern. All the corps were engaged at dif- ferent times during the day, Miles brigade, Second Corps, repulsing and driving a brigade of the enemy who attacked him at Corbins Bridge. Wilsons division of cavalry succeeded in getting into Spot- sylvania Court-House, but it being impossible to get the infantry up to support him, he had to withdraw. On the 9th of May the Fifth and Sixth Corps continued pressing the enemy, developing his position, and seeking for points to assault. During these operations the distinguished and beloved Major-Gen- eral Sedgwick, commanding Sixth Corps, fell, and Brigadier-Gen- eral Morris, of the same corps, was wounded. Early in the day two divisions of the Ninth Corps had been moved to the Fredericksburg road, and, finding the enemy on it, had handsomely driven him across the Ny, losing on the 10th the distinguished Brigadier-Gen- eral Stevenson. In the evening the Second Corps moved up from Todds Tavern, takiiig position on the right of the Fifth Corps, and sending Motts 1 c~ivision to thd left of the Sixth Corps. On this day, the 9th of May, Sheridan, with the Cavalry Corps, moved southerly, with orders to engage the enemys cavalry, and after cutting the Fredericks- burg and Central railroads to threaten Richmond, and eveiitually communicate with and draw supplies from the forces on the James River. On May 10 the enemy was pressed along his whole front. Early in the morning Gibbons and Barlows divisions, Second Corps, were crossed over the Ny, with the view of turning the enemys left flank. He was found, however, so strongly posted and guarded by the Ny, that these divisions were withdrawn. Barlow, being in rear, was vig- orously attacked by Heths division, whom he handsomely repulsed, but in retiring was compelled to abandon a piece of artillery that became jammed in some trees in a narrow road. On the withdrawal of Gibbon, lie, together with Birney, in conjunction with the Fifth Corps, assaulted unsuccessfully the enemys line. During this oper- ation Brigadier-General Rice, of the Fifth Corps, ever distinguished for personal gallantry, fell mortally wounded. Late in the evening Uptons brigade, Sixth Corps, assaulted and successfully carried the enemys line in his front, capturing guns and 900 prisoners, but, not being supported by Mott on his left, Upton was compelled to with- draw after dark, abandoning the guns. Mott succeeded in forming connection with the Ninth Corps, which had moved up to his left from the Fredericksburg road. On the 11th, finding the enemys left so well guarded, arraiige- ments were ma(ie to attack his center at a salient point. For thi Page 192 [CHAP. XLVIII. 192 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. purpose Wright was directed to extend his left, concentrate on that wing, and be prepared to assault. Hancock, with the Second Corps, was to move during the night to the left of Wright, and assault the salient at daylight. Warren was also to make an assault to keep the enemy in his lines, and Buruside, with the Ninth Corps, was ordered to assault on the extreme left. At daylight of the 12th, the Second Corps gallantly assaulted and carried ~he salient, capturing Major-General Johnson and Brigadier- General Steuart of the Confederate army, with over 3,000 prisoners, 20 guns, and numerous colors~ Hancock immediately reformed his command, and ~Vas advancing to the enemys second line, when he was attacked furiously by the enemy, who desperately endeavored all day to recover his lost position and guns. Iii this affair Brig. Gen. A. S. Webb was severely wounded. Wright, with the Sixth Corps, on Hancocks right, sustained his share of this battleone of the bloodiest of the campaign. In view of the great exertions of the enemy, Warren, after failing to succeed in his assault on the right, was moved to the left to the support of Wright and Hancock. Buruside assaulted on Hancocks left, but without any other deci- sive results than keeping occupied a large force of the enemy. On the 13th, it was ascertained that the enemy, failing to recover his lost ground, had retired to an inner and shorter line. Having fully settled this fact by recounaissances, dispositions were made to turn his right flank. During the night of the I 3tli, the Fifth, fol- lowed by the Sixth Corps, was moved over to the Fredericksburg road. The 14th of May was occupied in placing these two corps in position. The enemy was found very strongly posted on the Fred- ericksburg road in front of the Court-House, and it was deemed inex- pedient to attack at this point. During this day Uptons brigade, Sixth Corps, was attacked and compelled to retire from an advanced position it held, but the ground was immediately retaken by Ayres brigade, Fifth Corps, in conjunction with supports from Neills divis- ion, Sixth Corps. From the 15th to the 17th of May the army was employed in con- stant reconnoitering and skirmishing, developing the enemys posi- tion and learning the ground ; also in establishing a base at Aquia Creek, sending the sick and wounded there, and drawiiig therefrom necessary supplies. On the 19th, the Second and Ninth Corps were moved to the left, the former in reserve, the latter taking post on the left of the Sixth. Ewells corps of the enemy attempted in the afternoon to turn our right and get possession of the Fredericksburg road. His attack was gallantly met by a division of heavy artillery, new troops, under Brig. Gen. R. 0. Tyler, who, being re-enforced by Crawford, of the Fifth, and Birney, of the Second, promptly re- pulsed and drove Ewell back, inflicting heavy losses on hini. Some of Ewells forces, pushing to the rear on the Fredericksburg road, met Ferreros division (colored troops) by whom they were checked and repulsed. On the 20th of May the Second Corps, with a small force of cav- alry, under Brigadier-General Torbert, were pushed through Bowl- ing Green to Milford. Torbert had a handsome affair with some of the enemys infantry, who disputed his passage of the bridge at Milford. Torbert carried the bridge arid drove the enemy, cap- tnring over 100 prisoners. May 21, 22, and 23 were employed in moving the army from Spotsylvania Court-House to the North Anna River. In this movement the Sixth Corps was the rear guard Page 193 CHAP. XLVIII.] BAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 193 and on the afternoon of the 21st, when abont retiring from Spotsyl- vania, the enemy attacked in force and were handsomely repulsed by Russells division. On the 23d, on reaching the North Anna near the railroad crossing, Birneys division, of the Second Corps, carried some advanced works the enemy held on the north bank, and secured intact the bridge of the Telegraph road. The Ninth Corps confronted and skirmished with the enemy at Ox Ford, while the Fifth, crossing at Jericho Ford, was attacked by the enemy, all of whose assaults were repulsed. May 24, 25, and 20 were spent on the North Anna. The Second Corps on the left having two divis- ions on the south side, the Ninth Corps in the center with one divis- ion on the south side, and the Fifth and Sixth on the south side ex- tending over to Little River and crossing the Central railroad. During this time portions of the Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps were engaged destroying the Fredericksburg railroad and the Cen- tral road. On the 25th, the Cavalry Corps rejoined the army, Major-General Sheridan having successfully accomplished the object of the expedi- tion for which he was detached. Leaving on the 9th of May, on the 10th he reached Beaver Dam Station of the Central road, destroying 10 miles of the road, 2 locomotives, 3 trains, and a large amount of stores, estimated at over 1,500,000 rations, overtaking and recaptur- ing about 400 of our men, who were being marched to Richmond as prisoners. Crossing the South Anna at Ground Squirrel Bridge, Ashland Station was captured at daylight of the 11th of May, and the depot, 6 miles of the road, a train, and large quantity of stores destroyed. Hearing the enemy was massing his cavalry at the Yel- low Tavern, General Sheridan proceeded there, and attacked, and after an obstinate battle droVe the enemy 4 miles, mortally wounding Generals Stuart and Gordon, capturing 2 pieces of artillery and tak- ing between 200 and 300 prisoners. Having gained the Brook pike, a force charged across Brook Run, capturing the enemys first line of works, but desisted from attacking the second line across the Me- chanicsville pike. Crossing the Meadow Bridge, driving the enemy from his front, and repulsing an attack on his rear of infantry from the city, Sheridan proceeded to destroy the railroad bridge over the Chickahominy, and then moved to Haxalls Landing, which he reached on the 14th of May. Remaining here three days to refit, he started on his return on the 17th, reached Baltimore Store on the 18th; on the 21st, destroyed two bridges and some track near Han- over Court-House, encountered and drove the enemys cavalry across the Chickahominy on the 21st, and crossed the Pamunkey, at White House, on the 23d May, reaching Milford and rejoining the army on the 25th May. On the 20th, Wilsons division crossed the North Anna, above Jericho Ford, and assisted the infantry in destroying the Central road. On the night of the 26th May Sheridan, with two divisions of cavalry, supported by Russells division, Sixth Corps, moved down the Pamunkey, and by noon on the 27th seized the cross- ing at Hanovertown and threw a bridge there. On the 27th and 28th, the army moved and crossed the Pamunkey; the Fifth and Ninth Corps at Hanovertown, the Second and Sixth at Hundleys Ford. On the 28th, Sheridan had a sharp engagement with the enemys cavalry, meeting them at Haws Shop, but driv- ing them back to the crossing of the Totopotomoy, where he main- tained his position till relieved by the Second Corps. On the 29th? 13 R WYOL XXXVI, PT Page 194 194 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Hancock advanced on the road from Haws Shop to Atlees Station, driving the enemy into his works on the other side of the Totopo- tomoy. Warren took position on the Shady Grove Chnrch road, skirmishing with the enemy. Wright moved on the right of the Second Corps, occupying for a time Hanover Court-House, and then closing in to the left. On the 30th, the Ninth Corps moved between the Second and Fifth Corps, pushing out on the road to Pole Green Church. Late in the evening the enemy attacked Warren near Bethesda Church, and attempted to turn his left, but were foiled and repulsed. To relieve Warren, Hancock was ordered to attack, when Barlow carried the first line of rifle-pits occupied by the enemy on the opposite side of the Totopotomoy. On the 31st, Wilsons division of cavalry moved to Hanover Junc- tion and destroyed the railroad bridges over the Anna River, at the same time defeating and driving away the enemys cavalry sent to intercept him. Sheridan with two divisions was sent to occupy Cold Harbor, driving the enemy out of that place. Sheridan report- ing himself pressed at Cold Harbor, was directed to maintain his position at all hazards, which he did manfully till Wright, with the Sixth Corps, and Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith, with troops from the James River, via White House, could join him. These arrived on the 1st of June, relieving Sheridan, when both Wright and Smith attacked the enemy, taking parts of a line he was holding and forcing him back to another line. On the 21 of June the Second Corps was moved to Cold Harbor, and took position on the left of Wright, who was on the left of Smith. Buruside was drawn in to Bethesda Church, and Warren extended to the left to connect with Smith. In executing this oper- ation, both Warren and Burnside were attacked, repulsing and pun- ishing the enemy, but losing some prisoners by the flanking of their skirmish line. Wilson, returning from Hanovor Junction, demon- strated on Burnsides right. Sheridan held the lower crossings of the Chickahominy, and covered the roads to the White House, now the depot for supplies. At 4 a. in., June 3, a vigorous assault was made by the Second, Sixth, and Eighteenth Corps. Barlows division, Second Corps, car- ried a part of the enemys line on our extreme left, but before Barlow could be re-enforced, the enemy rallying compelled him to with- draw. The assaults of the Sixth and Eighteenth Corps being unsuc- cessful, about 11a.m. offensive operations closed. In the mean time Burnside had gained some advantage, reporting he had carried an advance line of the enemy. The losses on both sides in this at- tack were severe. In the afternoon the enemy attacked Bnrnside and Warren, with no more success than we met in the morning. The army was directed to intrench in its then position, close up [to] the enemys main line of works. About 9 p. in., the enemy made an assault on Gibbons division, Second Corps, and was easily repulsed. During the day Wilson, operating on our extreme right, turned the enemys left, attacking and forcing him back, taking a number of prisoners. On June 4, Buruside reporting the enemy withdrawn from his front, the Ninth Corps was drawn in and posted between the Fifth ~nd Eighteenth. On the 6th, the Fifth Corps was withdrawn and massed in rear of the center, and on the 7th, the Second Corps, being extended to the Chickahominy, two divisions of the Fifth were sou Page 195 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO TIlE JAMES. 195 to extend as far as Dispatch Station, on the York River Railroad. At this date two divisions of cavalry, nnder Sheridan, were sent to Gordonsville to destroy more effeetnally the Central railroad, and communicate, if practicable, with the forces operating in the valley. On Jnne 12 the movement was made to the James, the Fifth Corps, preceded by Wilsons division of cavalry, moving on the night of the 12th, seizing the crossing at Long Bridge, and early on the 13th taking position on the Long Bridge road, where it crossed the White Oak Swamp. At this point Wilsons cavalry and Crawfords division repulsed all attempts of the enemy to advance on this road. The Second Corps followed the Fifth, withdrawing from Cold Harbor on the night of the 12th, crossing at Long Bridge, and reaching the James at Charles City Court-House on the evening of the 13th. The Second Corps having passed, the Fifth was withdrawn to the James, and Wilsons cavalry posted so as to cover the approaches from the White Oak Swamp to the James. The Sixth and Ninth Corps crossed at Jones Bridge, and the trains by a bridge at Coles Ferry. The troops under Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith, temporarily serving with the Army of the Potomac, were relieved and removed on the night of the 12th to the White House.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. Lient. Col. T. S. BOWERS, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Inclosure No. 1.] Tabular statement of casualties in the Army of the Potomac from May 5, 1864, to Norember 1, 1564. Battles. Wilderness Spotsylvania North Anna Cold narbor Petersburg Do Do Trenches Weldon Railroad Reams 5tation Peebles Farm Trenches Boydtou Plank Road Dates. May5tol2 269 May 12 to 21 114 May 21 to 31 12 June itolO 144 June 10 to 20 85 Juue 20 to July 30 29 July 30 47 August 1 to 18 . 10 August 18 to 21 21 August 25 24 September 30 to 12 October 1. August 18 to Oc- 13 tober 30. October27 and 28. Total Killed. 4 H 0 ~ 3,019 2,032 138 1,561 1,113 576 372 128 191 93 129 284 140 796 9,76 Wounded. Missing. H H H H 0 ~ 0 ~ 1,017 18,261 177 6,667 259 7,697 31 248 67 1,063 3 324 421 8,621 51 2,355 361 6,492 46 1,568 120 2,374 108 2,109 124 1,555 91 1,819 58 626 1 45 100 1,055 104 3,072 62 484 95 1,674 50 738 56 1,700 91 1,214 4 811 66 981 8 691 2,796 51,161 775 23,083 * For continuation of report, see Volume XL, Part I. 4 H H H H H 29, 410 10,381 1,607 13, 153 9,665 5,316 4,008 868 4,543 2, 432 2,685 2,417 1,902 88,38 Page 196 196 [CHAP. XLVIII. OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [Inclosure No. 2.] Statement showing the number of guns captured from the enemy; also the number of guns lost during the operations of the Army of the Potomac from May 4, 1864, to November 1, 1864. Thirty-two guns were captured and 25 guns lost, as follows: Date. Corps. -P z 0 6 z Where. Remarks. May S Fifth 2 Wilderness Winslows battery (D), 1st New York Light Artillery. 10 Second 1 Sonth of P0 River Browns battery (B), 1st Rhode Isl- and Light Artillery. 11 Cavalry 2 Yellow Tavern 12 Second 20 Spotsylvania Court-house.. June 17 Ninth 4 Petersburg 22 Second 4 do McKnights battery, 12th New York. 29 Cavalry 8 Reams Station Maynadiers battery (K)., 1st United States, 4; Fitzhughs (C and E), 4th United States, 4. July 28 Second 4 Jones Neck 28 Cavalry 1 Deep Bottom Dennisons battery (A), 2d United States. Aug. 15 Second 1 25 ... do 9 Reams Station McKnights battery, 12th New York, 1; Sleepers battery, 10th Massa- chusetts, 4. Sept. 30 Fifth 1 Poplar Grove Church Total.. 32 251 [Inclosure No. 3.] Statement showing the number of colors captured from the enemy during the operations of the Army of the Potomac from May 4, 1864, to November 1, 1864. Captured by 3 Cavalry Corps Second Corps 40 Fifth Corps 10 3 Sixth Corps Ninth Corps 11 Number of colors captured 67 NorE.The foregoing statement is made up from the reports of captured colors that have been received. Two divisions of the Cavalry Corps and the Sixth Corps, having been transferred from tbis army, it is not certainly known that all the colors captured by these troops prior to their transfer have been reported. [Inclosure No. 4.] Statement showing the number of prisoners captured by the Army of the Potomac during the operatIons from May 4, 1864, to November 1, 1864. From May 1 to May 12 7,078 From May 12 to July 31 6,506 From July 31 to August 31 573 From August 31 to September 30 78 From September 30 to October 31 1,138 Total 15,37 Page 197 RAPIDAN TO THE .TAMES. CHAP. XLVIII.] 197 ADDENDA. ORDERS.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Miay 13, 1864. The major-general commanding has the satisfaction of commnni- cating to the troops the following extract from a dispatch lie has re- ceived from the Secretary of War: WAR DEPARTMENT Washington City, May 12, 1864. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac: The Departnmnt congratulates you and your heroic army, and returns its cordial thanks for their gallant achievements during the last seven days, and hopes that the valor and skill thus far manifested will be crowned with the fruits of ultimate and decisive victory. * * * * * * Truly, yours, EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. By command of Major-General Me~de: S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. CIRCULAR.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, May 13, 1864. SOLDIERS: The moment has arrived when your. commanding gen- eral feels authorized to address you in terms of congratulation. For eight days and nights, almost without intermission, in rain and sun- shine, you have been gallantly fighting a desperate foe, in positions naturally strong and rendered doubly so by intrenchments; you have compelled him to abandon his fortifications on the Rapidan, to retire and attempt to stop your onward progfess, and now he has abandoned the last intrenched position, so tenaciously held, suffering in all a loss of 18 guns, 22 colors, and 8,000 prisoners, including 2 general officers. Your heroic deeds and noble endurance of fatigue and privations will ever be memorable. Let us return thanks to God for the mercy thus shown us, and ask earnestly for its continu- ance. Soldiers, your work is not over, the enemy must be pursued, aiid, if possible, overcome. The courage and fortitude you have dis- played renders your commanding general confident your future efforts will result in success. While we mourn the loss of many gallant comrades, let us remember the enemy must have suffered equal, if not greater, losses. We shall soon receive re-enforcements which he cannot expect. Let us determine then to continue vigor- ously the work so well begun, and, under Gods blessing, in a short time the object of our labors will be accomplished. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding Page 198 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. ICHAP. XLVIII. Abstract from tn-monthly return of the Army of the Potomac, Maj. Gen. George G. M~eade, U. S. Army, commanding, April 30, 1804. Present for ~ duty. S a. Command. a 0~ a an ,,~ . .. ~ a H Q a a C ~ ~8 Commanding general and staff ~ 46 Provost guard (Patrick) 69 1,057 1,513 2,264 Engineer Brigade (Benham) 45 1,917 2,413 2,557 Engineer Battalion (Mendell) 5 309 354 428 Guards and orderlies (Ingalls) 2 59 91 98 Artillery (Hunt) 141 4,446 5,722 6,475 92 Signal Corps (Fisher) 14 207 233 296 Second Army Corps (Hancock) 1,345 27,330 35,474 46,584 54 Fifth Army Corps (Warren) 1,267 24,740 32,341 41,675 48 Sixth Army Corps (Sedgwick) 1,062 22,986 28,449 35, ~02 48 Cavalry Corps* (Sheridan) 616 15,209 20,838 30,032 32 Totalt 4,609 98,260 127,471 165,757 4 Present for duty equipped. Infantry. Cavalry. Artfllery. Total. Command. . - a a a 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Provost guard (Patrick) 52 737 18 311 70 1,048 Guards and orderlies (Ingalls) 2 59 2 59 Artillery (Hunt) 59 2,391 64 2,052 I~ 4,443 Second Army Corps (Hancock) 1,276 25,405 51 1,602 1,326 27,007 Fifth Army Corps (Warren) 1,2t 22,898 45 1,525 1,272 24,423 Sixth Army Corps (Sedgwick) 1,003 21,581 2 48 43 1,536 1,048 23,165 Cavalry Corps* (Sheridan) 585 11,839 24 839 609 12,678 Totalt 3,617 73,012 607 12,257 226 7,554 4,450 92,823 Organization of the Army of the Potomac, Commanded by iIfaj. Gen. George G. Meade, May 31, 1864. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. PROVOST GUARD. Brig. Gen. MARSENA R. PATRICK. 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, Companies C and D, Capt. Charles F. Adams, jr. 80th New York Infantry (20th Militia), Col. Theodore B. Gates. 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry, Lieut. Col. Edward S. Jones. 68th Pennsylvania Infantry, Lient. Col. Robert E. Winslow. 114th Pennsylvania Infantry, Col. Charles H. T. Collis. * Serviceable horses, 15,036. ~ The monthly return of the army for April, 1864, reports a grand total of 4,737 officers and 99,048 men present for duty. This difference between the two re- turns is not explainable. . There are no tn-monthly returns on file for the month of May. In transmitting the return for June 30, 1864, General Meade says: The last tri-nionthly repovt previously rendered was for April 30. * * * In consequence of the movements of the troops between the dates mentioned and the absence of all facilities for the preparation of the stated tn-monthly reports, it was found alto- gether impracticable to render such reports when due. 19 Page 199 CHAP. XLVIII.] kAPIDAN TO TIlE JAMES. 199 VOLUNTEER ENGINEER BRIGADE. Brig. Gen. HENRY W. BENHAM. 15th New York,* Maj. William A. Ketchum. 50th New York, Lieut. Col. Ira Spaulding. BATTALION U. S. ENGINEERS. Capt. GEORGE H. MENDELL. GUARDS AND ORDERLIES. Independent Company Oneida (New York), Cavalry, Capt. Daniel P. Mann. SECOND ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. WINFIELD S. HANCOCK. ESCORT. 1st Vermont Cavalry, Company M, Capt. John H. Hazelton. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. FRANCIS C. BARLOW. Third Brigade. Col. CLINTON D. MACDOUGALL. 39th New York, Maj. Joseph Hyde. 52d New York,t Capt. Henry P. Rit- zius. 57th New York,t Maj. William A. Kirk. 111th New York, Capt. Lewis W. Husk. 125th New York, Col. Levin Crandell. 126th New York, Lieut. Col. William H. Baird. First Brigade. Col. NELSON A. MILES. 26th Michigan, Capt. James A. Lo- thian. 2d New York Heavy Artillery. Col. Joseph N. G. Whistler. Gist New York, Lieut. Col. K. Oscar Broady. 81st Pennsylvania, Capt. Lawrence Mercer. 140th Pennsylvania, Capt. Samuel Campbell. 183d Pennsylvania, Capt. John Mc- Cullough. Second Brigade. Col. RICHARD BYRNES. 28th Massachusetts, Capt. James Flem- ing. 63d New York, Capt. John H. Glea- son. 69th New York, Maj. John Garrett. 88th New York, Capt. Denis F. Burke. 116th Pennsylvania, Co4. St. Clair A. Mulholland, Capt. Richard Mo- roney. Fourth Brigade. Col. JOHN R. BROOKE. 2d Delaware, Maj. Peter McCullough. 7th New York Heavy Artillery, Maj. Joseph M. Murphy. 64th New York, Capt. William Glenny. 66th New York, Col. Orlando H. Morris. 53d Pennsylvania, Capt. Henry S. Dimm. 145th Pennsylvania, Maj. Charles M. Lynch. 148th Pennsylvania, Col. James A. Beaver. * At Fort Monroe, Va. ~ Detachment 7th New York attached. ~ Detached at Port Royal, Va Page 200 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN GIBBON. Provost Guard. 2d Company Minnesota Sharpshooters, Capt. Mahion Black. First Brigade. Col. H. BOYD MCKEEN. 19th Maine, Capt. Joseph W. Spaulding. 15th Massachusetts, Maj. I. Harris Hooper. 19th Massachusetts, Capt. Morcena Dunn. 20th Massachusetts, Capt. Henry L. Pat- ten. 1st Company Massachusetts Sharp- shooters, Lieut. Samuel G. Gil- breth. 7th Michigan,Maj. Sylvanus W.Curtis. 42d New York, Lieut. John Maguire. 59th New York, Lieut. Col. Horace P. Rugg. 82d New York (battalion), Lieut. Thomas Huggins. 184th Pennsylvania. Maj. Charles Kieck- ner. 30th Wisconsin, Col. Frank A. Haskell. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSHUA T. OWEN. 152d New York, Capt. William S. Burt. 69th Pennsylvania, Maj. William Davis. 71st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Charles Kochersperger. 72d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Henry A. Cook. 100th Pennsylvania, Capt. John B. Breitenbach. Third Brigade. Col. THOMAS A. SMYTH. 14th Connecticut, Col. Theodore G. Ellis. 1st Delaware, Maj. William F. Smith. 14th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Elijah H. C. Cavins. 12th New Jersey, Capt. James McComb. 10th New York Battalion, Maj. George F. Hopper. 108th New York, Capt. William H. An- drews. 4th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Leonard W. Car- penter. 8th Ohio, Maj. Albert H. Winslow. 7th West Virginia (battalion), Capt. Isaac B. Fisher. Fourth Brigade. Brig. Gen. ROBERT 0. TYLER. 8th New York Heavy Artillery, Col. Peter A. Porter. 155th New York, Capt. Michael Doran. 104th New York, Col. James P. McMa- hon. 170th New York, Col. James P. Mclvor. 182d New York(69th New York National Guard Artillery), Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Reid. THIRD DIVISION. Maj. Gen. DAVID B. BIRNEY. First Brigade. Col. THOMAS W. EGAN. 20th Indiana, Col. William C. L. Taylor. 3d Maine. Col. Moses B. Lakeman. 40th New York, Lieut. Col. Augustus J. Warner. 86th New York, Maj. Michael B. Staf- ford. 124th New York, Capt. Henry S. Murray. 99th Pennsylvania, Maj. John W. Moore. 110th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Enoch E. Lewis. 141st Pennsylvania, Col. Henry J. Madill: 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, Maj. Edward T. Rowell. Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS R. TANNATT. 4th Maine, Capt. Arthur Libby. 17th Maine, Lieut. Col. Charles B. Mer- rill. 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, Maj. Nathaniel Sbatswell. 3d Michigan, Col. Byron R. Pierce. 5th Michigan, Lieut. Col. Moses B. Hougb~on. 93d New York, Lieut. Col. Benjamin C. Butler. 57th Pennsylvania, Capt; Alanson H. Nelson. 03d Pennsylvania, Capt. Isaac More- head. 105th Pennsylvania, Maj. Levi B. Duff. 1st U. S. Sbarpshooters, Capt. John Wilson. 20 Page 201 RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GERSHOM MOTT. 1s~ Maine Heavy Artillery, Col. Daniel Chaplin. 16th Massachusetts, Maj. Samuel W. Richardson. 5th New Jersey, Capt. Henry H. Wool- sey. 6th New Jersey, Capt. Joseph Hays. 7th New Jersey,Maj.Frederick Cooper. 8th New Jersey, Ma.j. Virgil M. Healy. 11th New Jersey, Col. Robert McAllis- ter. 115th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John P. Dunne. Fourth Brigade. Col. WILLIAM R. BREWSTER. 11th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Porter D. Tripp. 70th New York, Capt. William H. Hugo. 71st New York, Lieut. Col. Thomas Rafferty. 73d New York, Lieut. Col. Michael W. Burns. 74th New York, Col. Thomas Holt. 120th New York,* Lieut. Col. John R. Tappen. 84th Pennsylvania, Capt. John R. Ross. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. JOHN C. TIDBALL. Maine Light, 6th Battery (F), Capt. Edwin B. Dow. Massachusetts Light, 10th Battery, Capt. J. Henry Sleeper. New Hampshire Light, 1st Battery, Capt. Frederick M. Edgell. 1st New Jersey Light; Battery B, Capt. A. Judson Clark. 1st New York Light, Battery G, Capt. Nelson Ames. 4th New York Heavy, Lient. Col. Thomas Allcock. New York Light, 11th Battery, Capt. John E. Burton. New York Light, 12th Battery, Capt. George F. McKnight. 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery F, Capt. R. Bruce Ricketts. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A, Capt. William A. Arnold. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B, Capt. T. Fred. Brown. 4th United States, Battery K, Lient. John W. Roder. 5th United States, Batteries C and I, Lieut. William B. Beck. FJFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. GOUVERNEUR K. WARREN. PROVOST GUARD. 12th New York Battalion, Maj. Henry W. Rider. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. CHARLES GRIFFIN. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ROMEYN, B. AYRES. 140th New York, Lient. Col. Elwell S. Otis. 146th New York, Maj. James Grindlay. 91st Pennsylvania, Maj. John D. Lentz. 155th Pennsylvania, Maj. John Ewing. 2d United States, Companies B, C, F, H, I, and K, Lient. George H. Mc- Laughlin. 11th United States, Companies B, C, D, E, F, and G, 1st Battalion, Capt. Francis M. Cooley. 12th United States, Companies A. B, C. D, and G, 1st Battalion, and Compa- nies A, C, D, F, and H, 2d Battalion, Capt. Frederick Winthrop. 14th United States, 1st Battalion, Capt. David B. McKihhin. 17th United States, Companies A. C, D, G, and H, 1st Battalion, and Compa- nies A, B, and C, 2d Bat~ alion, Capt. Walter B. Pease. * 72d New York (three companies) attached. CHAP. XLVIII.] 20 Page 202 202 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Second Brigade. Col. JACOB B. SWEITZER. 9th Massachusetts, Lieut Col. Patrick T. Hanley. 22d Massachusetts,* Col. William S. Tilton. 32d Massachusetts, Col. George L. Prescott. 4th Michigan, Capt. David D. Marshall. 62d Pennsylvania, Capt. William P. Maclay. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH J. BARTLETT. 20th Maine, Maj. Ellis Spear. 18th Massachusetts, Capt. Benjamin F. Meservey. 29th Massachusetts, Col. Ebenezer W. Peirce. 1st Michigan, Lieut. Col. William A. Throop. 16th Michigan,~ Capt. George H. Swan. 44th New York, Capt. Campbell Allen. 83d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. De Witt C. McCoy. 118th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Charles P. Herring. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. HENRY H. LOCKWOOD. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. PETER LYLE. Col. JAMES L. BATES. 16th Maine, Col. Charles W. Tilden. 12th Massachusetts, Maj. Benjamin F. 13th Massachusetts, Col. Samuel H. Cook. Leonard. 83d New York (9th Militia), Lieut. Col. 39th Massachusetts, Col. Phineas S. William Chalmers. Davis. 97th New York, Capt. Delos E. Hall. 94th New York, Lieut. Col. Samuel A. 11th Pennsylvania, Capt. Benjamin F. Moffett. Haines. 104th New York, Col. Gilbert G. Prey. 88th Pennsylvania, Capt. George B. 90th Pennsylvania, Capt. William P. Rhoads. Davis. 107th Pennsylvania, Col. Thomas F. Mc Coy. Third Brigade. Col. NATHAN T. DUSHANE. 1st Maryland, Lieut. Col. John W. Wilson. 4th Maryland, Col. Richard N. Bowerman. 7th Maryland, Maj. Edward M. Mobley. 8th Maryland, Lieut. Col. John G. Johannes. Purnell (Maryland) Legion, Col. Samuel A. Graham. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Ger~. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD. First Brigade. Third Brigade. Col. MARTIN D. HARDIN. Col. JOSEPH W. FISHER. 1st Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. Will- 5th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lient. Col. iam C. Talley. Alfred M. Smith. 2d Pennsylvania Reserves, Lient. Col. 10th Pennsylvania Reserves, Capt. Val- Patrick McDonongh. entine Phipps. 6th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. 12th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. William D. Dixon. Richard Gustin. 7th Pennsylvania Reserves, Capt. Sam- uel B. King. 11th Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. Sam- uel M. Jackson. 13th Pennsylvania Reserves (1st Rifles), Maj. William R. Hartshorne. * 2d Company Massachusetts Sharpshooters attached. t Bradys Company Michigan Sharpshooters attached Page 203 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO TIlE JAMES. 203 Independent Brigade. Col. J. HOWARD KITCHING. 6th New York Heavy Artillery, Maj. Absalom Crookston. 15th New York Heavy Artillery, 1st and 3d Battalions, Col. Louis Schirmer. FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. LYSANDER CUTLER. Provost Guard. 2d Wisconsin, Capt. George H. Otis. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM W. ROBINSON. Col. J. WILLIAM HOFMANN. 7fh Indiana, Lieut. Col. William C. 3d Delaware, Licut. Col. William B. Banta. Dorrell. 19th Indiana, Maj. John M. Lindley. 46th New York, Lieut. Col. George W. 24th Michigan, Lieut. Col. William W. Travers. Wight. 76th New York, Capt. James L. God- 1st Battalion New York Sharpshooters, dard. Capt. Alfred Parry. 95th New York, Maj. Robert W. Bard. 6th Wisconsin, Lient. Col. Rufus R. 147th New York, Lieut. Col. George Dawes. Harney. 7th Wisconsin, Lient. Col. Mark Finni- 56th Pennsylvania, Maj. John T. Jack. cum. Third Brigade. Col. EDWARD S. BRAGG. 121st Pennsylvania, Capt. Samuel T. Lloyd. 142d Pennsylvania, Maj. Horatio N. Warren. 143d Pennsylvania, Maj. James Glenn. 149th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. John Irvin. 150th Pennsylvania, Maj. George W. Jones. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. CHARLES S. WAINWRIGHT. Massachusetts Light, 3d Battery (C), Lieut. Aaron F. Walcott. Massachusetts Light, 5th Battery (E), Capt. Charles A. Phillips. Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery, Capt. John Bigelow. 1st New York Light, Battery B, Capt. Albert S. Sheldon. 1st New York Light, Battery C, Capt. Almont Barnes. 1st New York Light, Battery D, Lieut. Lester I. Richardson. 1st New York Light, Batteries E and L, Lieut. George Breck. 1st New York Light, Battery H, Capt. Charles E. Mink. New York Ligbt, 15th Battery, Capt. Patrick Hart. 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery B, Capt. James H. Cooper. 4th United States, Battery B, Lieut. James Stewart. 5th United States, Battery D, Lieut. Benjamin F. Rittenhouse Page 204 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIIL SIXTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. HORATIO G. WRIGHT. ESCORT. 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company A, Capt. Charles E. Fellows. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID A. RUSSELL. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY L. EUSTIS. 6th Maine, Capt. Theodore Lincoln, jr. 49th Pennsylvania, Maj. Baynton J. Hickman. 119th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Gideon Clark. 5th Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. Theodore B. Catlin. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM H. PENROSE. 1st New Jersey, Lieut. Col. William Henry, jr. 2d New Jersey, Col. Samuel L. Buck. 3d New Jersey, Col. Henry W. Brown. 4th New Jersey, Capt. Samuel M. Gaul. 10th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Charles H. Tay. 15th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Edward L. Campbell. Second Brigade. Col. EMORY UPTON. 2d Connecticut Heavy Artillery, Col. Elisha S.Kellogg. 5th Maine, Col. Clark S. Edwards. 121st New York, Maj. Henry M. Gal- pin. 95th Pennsylvania, Capt. John G. C. Macfarlan. 96th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. William H. Lessig. Fourth Brigade. Col. NELSON CROSS. 65th New York, Col. Joseph E. Hamb lin. 67th New York, Lieut. Col. Henry L. Van Ness. 122d New York, Lieut. Col. Augustus W. Dwight. 23d Pennsylvania, Col. John F. Glenn. 82d Pennsylvania, Col. Isaac C. Bas- sett. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. NEILL. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. FRANK WHEATON. 62d New York, Col. David J. Nevin. 93d Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. John S. Long. 98th Pennsylvania, Col. John F. Ballier. 102d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. William Mcllwaine. 139th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. William H. Moody. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. LEWIS A. GRANT. 2d Vermont, Maj. Amasa S. Tracy. 3d Vermont, Col. Thomas 0. Seaver. 4th Vermont, Lient. Col. Stephen M. Pingree. 5th Vermont, Col. John R. Lewis. 6th Vermont, Lient. Col. Oscar A. Hale. 11th Vermont (1st Heavy Artillery), Lieut. Col. Reuben C. Benton. Third Brigade. Col. DANIEL D. BIDwELL. 7th Maine, Capt. John W. Channing. 43d New York, Lient. Col. James D. Visscher. 49th New York, Lient. Col. George W. Johnson. 77th New York, Lient. Col. Winsor B. French. 61st Pennsylvania, Capt. Lewis Reden- bach. Fourth Brigade. Col. OLIVER EDWARDS. 7th Massachusetts, Col. Tholnas D. Johns. 10th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Joseph B. Parsons. 37th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. George L. Montague. 2d Rhode Island, Maj. Henry C. Jenckes. 20 Page 205 CHAP. XLVIII.] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 205 THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES B. RICKETTS. First Brigade, Col. WILLIAM S. TRUEX. 14th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Caidwell K. Hall. 106th New York, Lieut. Col. Charles Townsend. 151st New York, Col. William Emerson. 87th Pennsylvania, Col. John W. Schall. 10th Vermont, Col. William W. Henry. Second Brigade. Col. BENJAMIN F. SMITH. 6th Maryland, Col. John W. Horn. 9th New York Heavy Artillery, 1st and 3d Battalions, Lieut. Col. William H. Seward, jr. 110th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Otho H. Binkley. 122d Ohio, Col. William H. Ball. 126th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Aaron W. Ebright. 67th Pennsylvania, Col. John F. Staunton. 138th Pennsylvania, Col. Matthew R. MeClennan. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. CHARLES H. TOMPKINS. Maine Light, 4th Battery (D), Lieut. Charles W. White. Maine Light, 5th Battery (E), Capt. Greenleaf T. Stevens. Massachusetts Light, 1st Battery (A), Capt. William H. McCartney. 1st New Jersey Light, Battery A, Capt. William Hexamer. New York Light, 1st Battery, Capt. Andrew Cowan. New York Light, 3d Battery, Capt. William A. Ham. 9th New York Heavy, 2d Battalion, Maj. James W. Snyder. 1st Ohio Light, Battery H, Capt. Stephen W. Dorsey. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C, Capt. Richard Waterman. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E, Capt. William B. Rhodes. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G, Capt. George W. Adams. 5th United States, Battery E, Lieut. John R. Brinckle. 5th United States, Battery M, Capt. James McKnight. NINTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE. PROVOST GUARD. 8th United States, Capt. Milton Cogswell. FIRST DIVISION. Maj. Gen. THOMAS L. CRITTENDEN. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JAMES H. LEDLIE. Col. JOSEPH M. SUDSBURG. 56th Massachusetts, Col. Stephen M. 3d Maryland, Licut. Col. Gilbert P. Weld, jr. Robinson. 57th Massachusetts, Col. William F. 21st Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. George Bartlett. P. Hawkes. 59th Massachusetts, Col. Jacob P. Gould. 100th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Mat- 4th United States, Capt. Avery B. Cain. thew M. Dawson. 10th United States, Lieut, Jesse A. P. Ilampson Page 206 OPERATIOINS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Provisional Brigade. Col. ELISHA G. MARSHALL. 2d New York Mounted Rifles (dismounted), Col. John Fisk. 14th New York Heavy Artillery, Maj. William H. Reynolds. 24th New York Cavalry (dismounted), Col. William C. Raniston. 2d Pennsylvania Provisional Heavy Artillery, Col. Thomas Wilhelm. Acting Engineers. 35th Massachusetts, Capt. Edward G. Park. Artillery. Maine Light, 2d Battery (B), Capt. Albert F. Thomas. Massachusetts Light, 14th Battery, Capt. Joseph W. B. Wright. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ROBERT B. POTTER. Second Brigade. Col. SIMON G. GRIFFIN. 2d Maryland (detachment). 31st Maine, Col. Thomas Hight. 32d Maine, Lieut. Col. John M. Brown. 6th New Hampshire, Maj. Phin P. Bixhy. 9th New Hampshire, Capt. Andrew J. Hough. 11th New Hampshire, Capt. Hollis 0. Dudley. 17th Vermont, Lieut. Col. Charles Cum- mings. First Brigade. Col. JOHN I. CURTIN. 36th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Arthur A. Goodell. 58th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. John C. Whiton. 45th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. Francis M. Hills. 48th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Henry Pleasants. 7th Rhode Island, Capt. Percy Daniels. Acting Engineers. 51st New York, Capt. George W. Whitman. Artillery. Capt. EDWARD W. ROGERS. Massachusetts Light, 11th Battery, Capt. Edward J. Jones. New York Light, 19th Battery, Capt. Edward W. Rogers. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ORLANDO B. WILLcOX. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. JOHN F. HARTEANET. Col. BENJAMIN C. CHRIST. 2d Michigan, Col. William Hum- 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, Capt. Le- phrey. vant C. Rhines. 8th Michigan, Lieut. Col. Ralph Ely. 20th Michigan, Lieut. Col. Byron M. 27th Michigan,* Col. Dorus M. Fox. Cutcheon. 109th New York, Lieut. Col. Isaac S. 60th Ohio,t Maj. Martin P. Avery. Catlin. 50th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Edward 51st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Edwin Overton, jr. Schall. * 1st and 2d Companies Michigan Sharpshooters attached. t 9th and 10th Companies Ohio Sharpshooters attached. 20 Page 207 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO TIlE JAMES. 207 Acting Engineers. 17th Michigan, Col. Constant Luce. Artillery. Maine Light, 7th Battery (G), Capt. Adelbert B. TwitchelL New York Light, 34th Battery, Capt. Jacob Roemer. FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. EDWARD FERRERO. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. JOSHUA K. SIGFRIED. Col. HENRY G. THOMAS. 27th U. S. Colored Troops, Lieut. Col. 19t U. S. Colored Troops, Lient. Col. Charles J. Wright. Joseph G. Perkins. 30th U. S. Colored Troops, Col. Delavan 23d U. S. Colored Troops, Lieut. Col. Bates. Cleaveland J. Campbell. 39th U. S. Colored Troops, Col. Ozora P. 31st U. S. Colored Troops, Maj. Theo- Stearns. dore H. Rockwood. 43d U. S. Colored Troops, Lieut. Col. H. Seymour Hall. Artillery. Pennsylvania Light, Battery D, Capt. George W. Durell. Vermont Light, 3d Battery, Capt. Romeo H. Start. RESERVE ARTILLERY. Capt. JOHN EDWARDS, Jr. New York Light, 27th Battery, Capt. John B. Eaton. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery D, Capt. William W. Buckley. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery H, Capt. Crawford Allen, jr. 2d United States, Battery E, Lieut. Samuel B. Mclntire. CAVALRY CORPS. Maj. Gen. PHILIP H. SHERIDAN. ESCORT. 6th United States, Capt. Ira W. Claflin. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALFRED T. A. TORBERT. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE A. CUSTER. Col. THOMAS C. DEVIN. 1st Michigan, Lieut. Col. Peter Stagg. 4th New York, Lieut. Col. William R. 5th Michigan, Col. Russell A. Alger. Parnell. 6th Michigan, Maj. James H. Kidd. 6th New York, Lieut. Col. William H. 7th Michigan, Maj. Alexander Walker. Crocker. 9th New York, Licut. Col. George S. Nichols. 17th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. James Q. Anderson Page 208 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. Reserve Brigade. Brig. Gen. WESLEY MERRITT. 19th New York (1st Dragoons), Col. Alfred Gibbs. 6th Pennsylvania, Maj. William P. C. Treichel. 1st United States, Capt. Nelson B. Sweitzer. 2d United States, Capt. Theophilus F. Rodenbough. 5th United States,* Capt. Abraham K. Arnold. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY E. DAVIES, Jr. 1st Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Samuel E. Chamberlain. 1st New Jersey, Lieut. Col. John W. Kester. 10th New York, Maj. M. Henry Avery. 6th Ohio, Col. William Stedman. 1st Pennsylvania, Col. John P. Taylor. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID McM. GREGG. Second Brigade. Col. J. IRVIN GREGG. 1st Maine, Col. Charles H. Smith. 2d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Joseph P. Brinton. 4th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. George H. Covode. 8th Pennsylvania, Col. Pennock Huey. 13th Pennsylvania, Maj.Michael Kerwin. 16th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John K. Robison. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES H. WILSON. Escort. 8th Illinois (detachment), Lieut. William W. Long. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. JOHN B. McINTOSH. Cal. GEORGE H. CHAPMAN. 1st Connecticut, Lient. Col. Erastus 3d Indiana, Maj. William Patton. Blakeslee. . 8th New York, Maj. Edmund M. Pope. 3d New Jersey, Col. Andrew J. Morrl-. 1st Vermont, Maj. William Wells. son. 2d New York, Col. Otto Harhaus. 5th New York, Lieut. Col. John Ham- mond. 2d Ohio, Licut. Col. George A. Puring- ton. 18th Pennsylvania, Maj. John W. Phil- lips. FIRST BRIGADE HORSE ARTILLERY. Capt. JAMES M. ROBERTSON. New York Light, 6th Battery, Capt. Joseph W. Martin. 2d United States, Batteries B and L, Lieut. Edward Heaton. 2d United States, Battery D, Lieut. Edward B. Williston. 2d United States, Battery M, Lieut. Alexander C. M. Pennington, jr. 4th United States, Battery A, Lieut. Rufus King, Jr. 4th United States, Batteries C and E, Lieut. Charles L. Fitzhugh. * Companies B, F, and K, undev Capt. JuliRs W, Mason, detailed as escort to Lieut~ (*en. U. S. Grant. 208 [CHAP. XLVI1L Page 209 CHAP. XLVIII.J RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. ARTILLERY.* Brig. Gen. HENRY J. HUNT. SECOND BRIGADE HORSE ARTILLERY. Capt. DUNBAR R. RANSOM. 1st United States, Batteries E and G, Lieut. Frank S. French. 1st United States, Batteries H and 1, Capt. Alanson M. RandoL 1st United States, Battery K, Lieut. John Egan. 2d United States, Battery A, Lieut. Robert Clarke. 2d United States, Battery G, Lieut.W. Neil Dennison 3d United States, Battery C, F, and K, Lieut, Georgc F. Barstow. ARTILLERY PARK. Lieut. Col. FREEMAN MCGILVERY. 15th New York Heavy, 2d Battalion, Maj. Julius Dieckmann. UNATTACHED. 22d New York Cavalry,~ Col. Samuel J. Crooks. Field return of the Army of the Potomac for June 1, 1864. Present for duty. Command. ,i S 0 ~ Second Corps 1,341 26,986 28,327 Fifth Corps 939 18,382 19,321 Sixth Corps 850 19,540 20,390 Ninth Corps 729 17,418 18,147 Cavalry Corps 613 11,807 12,420 Artillery battalion, with reserve ammunition train 29 676 705 Dismounted cavalry, guard general supply train 43 2,674 2,717 Headquarters: Squadron 1st Indiana Cavalry 4 114 118 Squadron 1st Massachusetts Cavalry 4 110 114 50th New York Engineers (detachment) 5 211 216 U. S. Engineer Battalion 5 329 334 Provost-marshal-generals command 6.3 1,003 1,066 Total 4,625 99,250 103,875 No. 4. Reports of Surg. Thomas A. MCParlin, U. S. Army, MediCal Director, including operations January 14July 31. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, MEDICAL DIRECTORS OFFICE, Camp near Cold Harbor, June 6, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit to you the following report of the number of wounded received and cared for by the medical 209 *All organizations of artillery, excepting those entered under this head, will be found in the rosters of the commands with which they served. tAt Port Royal, Va. 14 R RVOL XXXVI, PT Page 210 210 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [ChAr. XLVIIL department of this army since the morning of May 23, 1864, to which date I have before reported,* to the evening of June 4, 1864: Second Corps 2,899 Fifth Corps 1,181 Sixth Corps 1,665 NinthCorps 1,155 Eighteenth Corps 1, 551 Cavalry Corps 669 Total 9,120 Of this number there were wounded at the battle of North Anna.... 1,003 On the south side of Pamunkey River 8,117 To the above number should be added about (wounded who are yet on the field under fire of sharpshooters, and who cannot be brought off) 850 Making a total of. 9,970 No. of wounded previously reported up to May23 25,078 Grand total 35,048 I am, general, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, THS. A. MCPARLIN, Surgeon U. S. Army, Medical Director. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, MEDICAL DIRECTORS OFFICE, November 28, 1864. GENERAL: I have the bonor to submit to you a report of the con- dition and operations of the medical department of the Army of the Potomac nnder my direction. January 14, 1864, I relieved Surg. J. Letterman, U. S. Army. The excellent condition of the department at that period evidenced the success of his labors. It became my duty to prepare it for a cam- paign which would demand its highest powers. At that time the army contained the First, Second, Third. Fifth, Sixth, and Cavalry Corps, the Artillery Reserve, Provost-Marshal-Generals and lEngi- neer Brigades. Preparation of supplies (and facilities for their stor- age, transportation, and distribution) in amount proper for campaign became necessary. Relief from the field of experienced officers, and changes in the organization of the army, wrought others in the med- ical department; absent officers were recalled; vacancies noted and filled; the maxima of personnel and material allowed were made known and maintained. To some extent means of transportation for the medical department remained with the regimental quarter- masters. As late as March 29, 1864, Surg. E. B. Dalton, U. S. Vol- unteers, ascertained some deficiencies of ambulances, hospital tents, and transportation in the Second Division, Cavalry Corps. Fre- quent inspections were made to secure all wagons, harness, mules, camp and garrison equipage, clothing, aiid other quartermasters property, and funds were drawn by the Ambulaiice Corps as re- quired in its service and duties incident to the care and comfort of the sick and wounded. * See Part III, p. 146 Page 211 CHAP. XLVIII.] T~APJDAN TO TILE JAMES. 211 It was constantly necessary to preser e the partition of responsi- bility and property between the medical and ambulance officers, that each should receive and account for what was proper to his own de- partment. Neglect to make returns, followed by stoppage of pay, were otherwise to be expected in the new organization. Attempts were made to institute some system of ambulance service to meet the necessities of the Artillery Reserve, bu~ without success, until the order promulgating the ambulance law was issued. Under its pro- visions the Artillery Reserve and artillery brigades of corps, with other independent commands, were adequately provided for. The importance of a proper diet during winter, preparatory of troops for campaign, lifting them above the influence of ordinary depressants (of fatigue, privations, and exposure), and preserving theni vigorous to the latest period, had not been overlooked. Reports were required of vegetables, soft bread, and especially valu- able articles of the ration issued. An appearance of scorbutic taint in the cavalry, and the detection of discrepancies in re- ports (in that and the Second Corps) in regard to issues accredited called for investigation; and it is believed that greater vigilance was exercised thereafter by commissaries, medical officers, and others to be sure the troops received the best elements of the ration furnished. Reports of the daily diet were made to me. The mean strength of the army is known to you. In the Ambu- lance Corps it is estimated there were serving as follows: Mayofficers, 60; enlisted men, 2,300; Juneofficers, 70; enlisted men, 2,700; Julyofficers, 66; enlisted men, 2,600. The number of ambulances was near 800. The other property will appear in State- ment B. The number of medical officers in the army in May amounted to 699; in June it advanced to 775; in July, 627. Hos- pital Stewards (not regimental) in May, 40; in June, 35; in July, 42. I had associated with me upon duty an assistant medical director, 2 inspectors, medical purveyor and assistant, and 1 assistant surgeon (Asst. Surg. J. S. Billings, U. S. Army), specially assigned to collect and prepare statistics and data connected with the operations of the department. The result of his labors appear in the narrative of incidents characterizing the epochs. SECTION I. Condition of the Army, organization of the ]Jiliedical Department, preliminary operations, and battle of the Wilderness, January 14 to lJiay 8, 1864. Position of the army.During the months of January, February, March, and April, 1864, the Army of the Potomac continued to occupy the line of the Rapidan, guarding the Orange and Alexandria Railroad and having Brandy Station as its principal depot for supplies. The country being elevated and undulating afforded excellent sites for camps, and these were generally well located, well drained, and sup- plied with good spring water. Nature of quarters.The winter quarters of the troops were com- pleted during the month of January, consisting for the most part of log huts about 8 feet square, the walls 4 feet high, and roofed with shel- ter-tents, each hut accommodating from 3 to 5 men. Much skill and taste was evinced in the arrangement of many of the camps, those of the Maine regiments being especially noticeable on account of the neatness and comfort of their huts. The beds of the men wer Page 212 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. 212 [CHAP. XLVIII. in all cases raised from the ground, and the huts were all warmed by open fire-places. Rations.The rations furnished the troops during this period were abundant in quantity and of good quality and variety, the average weekly issue, including three days rations of fresh beef, 3j fresh bread, 4~ potatoes, and 2~ of other vegetables. The following fig- ures, which show this point more clearly, are furnished from the records of the chief commissary of the army: Statement of quantities of antiscorbutic articles of food issued to the Army of the Potomac during the period commencing January 1, 1864, and ending April 1, 1864. Soft bread rations.. 7,356,200 Potatoes pounds.. 2,229,551 Onions do.... 399,623 Turnips do.... 80,170 Cabbage (in curry) gallons.. 11,795 Pickles do.... 4,820 Desiccated potatoes pounds.. 600 Desiccated mixed vegetables do.... 5,320 Dried apples do.... 551,812 Clothing and police.The clothing and bedding of the men was abundant and of good quality, and camp and personal police were as a general rule well attended to. Morale of the troops.The morale of the men was excellent; they had had a long rest, and, in most cases, thirty days furlough, and the sick-list of the army was small, between 4 and 5 per cent., while the weekly mortality was only 0.0020 per cent. Character of prevailing diseases.The majority of the cases taken on sick report were slight in character, the principal diseases being catarrhal affections, malarial fevers, and venereal, the latter being extremely prevalent among the veterans returning from furlough. Variola.A few sporadic cases of variola and varioloid occurred during the months of March and April, but the disease was of a mild type, and showed no tendency to spread. Every precaution was taken to isolate these cases, and the entire army was vaccinated as fast as vaccine matter could be procured. Ilospitals.The sick of the army were chiefly treated in regi- mental hospitals during the early part of the winter. Division hos- pitals, to which the more severe cases were sent, were organized dur- ing the month of February. These hospitals were floored with boards and heated by means of open fire-places, and their condition, as shown by the monthly inspection reports, was in every way good. Jellies and canned fruits were kept on hand and issued by the medical purveyor, and from the fund created by the tax on iiewspaper vend- ers and sutlers, which was put at the disposal of the medical director of the army, funds were turned over to the medical directors of corps during the months of February, March, and April, to be ex- pended for oysters and other delicacies required by the sick. Sick sent to Washington. In accordance with orders received from the Surgeon-General and the commanding general of the army, the following numbers of sick were sent to Washington during this period: February 1 and 2, 1864 1,052 March 24 and 25, 1864 1,380 April20, 1864 1,780 May 2 and 3, 1864 1,526 Total ....~.................. 5,78 Page 213 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 213 These sick were sent, via Orange and Alexandria Railroad, on special trains, which were about seven hours in making the trip. Disabled men sent to the arm y.A large number of recruits, sub- stitutes, aud drafted men were sent to the army during this period, and among them were many who were entirely unfit to perform the duties of a soldier. By a special report of Surgeon Dalton, U. S. Vol- unteers, it appears that of 57 recruits sent to the Sixth New York Heavy Artillery, 17 were hopelessly disabled from causes which must have long existed, and, in some cf the cases, from causes which must have been apparent even to a non-professional mansuch as curvature of the spine, loss of part of right hand, double hernia, idiocy, & c. By a special report of Asst. Surg. George M. McGill, U. S. Army, dated March 2, 1864, it appears that among the recruits received by the Cavalry Corps, the number on sick report aver- aged 32 per cent.; number of permanently disabled men, 8 per cent.; number of deaths, j- per cent. In consequence of this report an order was issued by Major-General Pleasonton, commanding Cav- alry Corps, that recruits should not be put upon outpost duty for two months after their arrival at the army. Examining boards were appointed in each corps for the examination of recruits, and the most objectionable were thus eliminated, but there still remained a number of youths, from eighteen to twenty years of age, who pre- sented nothing absolutely exceptionable, but who soon broke down in the long marches of the succeeding campaign, and were a useless burden to the army. Skirmish at Mortons Ford.No important movements of troops or engagements occurred during this period, except a sharp skirmish at Mortons Ford, on 7th of February, by a portion of the Second Corps, in which our loss was 10 killed, 200 wounded, and 40 missing. The wounded were conveyed directly to the division hos itals of the corps and were there retained and treated. Cavalry raids.Two or three cavalry expeditions were made also, the principal one being what is known as Kilpatricks, or the Rich- mond, February 29, and March 1 and 2, 1864. A special report of which by Surgeon Hackley is herewith forwarded. Thus well sheltered, well fed, and well clothed, refreshed by a long rest, and visits to home and friends, and full of confidence in their cause and their leaders, the Army of the i~otomac on the 1st of May, 1864, was as nearly perfect in its health, strength, and morale, as is possible in so large a body of troops. Organization of the Medical Department.The consolidation of the five infantry corps of the army into three by General Orders, No. 10, dated headquarters Army of the Potomac, March 24, 1864, and the passage of the act of Congress fixing the ambulance system, approved March 11, 1864, enabled the medical department of the army to perfect its organization, and establish itself upon a firm basis. The medical department was placed upou the same footing as the other staff corps by Special Orders, No. 197, dated headquarters Army of the Potomac, April 12, 1864, which designates the sur- geons-in-chief of brigades and divisions, thus rendering their posi- tion to a great extent independent of the caprices of brigade and division commanders. Ainbnlance Corps.As the provisions of the ambulance law cor- responded in all essential particulars to the system already instituted in the army by Dr. Letterman, nO difficulty or delay occurred in its adoption. All of the ambulances were thoroughly repaired, painted Page 214 214 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. and marked with the distinctive badge of their several divisions and corps, details of officers and men for the ambulance service were obtained, and careful examinations made of the persons so selected. As was to be expected, a large portion of those first detailed were rejected, regimental commanders having thus attempted to rid them- selves of their weak and worthless men. Drill and inspections of Ambulance Corps.The men attached to the ambulances were carefully and regularly drilled, reported, and minute inspections of everything connected with the ambulances and horses were made, and guidons and hospital flags were procured and distributed. The results of this labor and preparation will ap- pear in this report. Tells of thousands of wounded men have been carefully, speedily, and safely transferred from the field of battle to the field hospitals, and from thence to the large depot hospitals, and this has been done without confusion, without hindering the move- ments of the army, or conflicting with the operations of the other staff departments. Amount of transportation.Closely connected with, and to a great extent dependent upon, the ambulance system followed the organiza- tion of a system of field hospitals. The amount of transportation allowed for medical purposes was three army wagons to each brigade of 1,500 men, and one wagon for each additional thousand men. This allowance proved to be ample. The amount of regimental hospital property to be transported was reduced to a minimnm, all the hospital tents and stoves being appropriated to the division hospitals. The medical staff of these hospitals was that established by Dr. Letterman, viz, 11 surgeon in charge, 1 recorder, 3 operators, each with 2 or more assistants, and 1 medical officer to provide food and shelter. As the plan of the division hospitals varied somewhat, a brief sketch of the hospital of the first division of each corps will perphaps best illustrate their peculiarities. Organization of hospital of First Division, Second Corps.In the First Division, Second Corps, 22 hospital tents, 14 army wagons, and 4 medicine wagons were allowed for medical purposes, the divis- ion containing 4 brigades, 21 regiments, and 8,000 men. Six of the army wagons carried the regimental medical property, 4 the brigade supplies, 2 the hospital tents, 1 the cooking utensils and 300 rations, and 1 was loaded with blankets, beef stock, whisky, chloroform, bandages, lint, & c. In pitching the hospital no attention was paid to brigade organizations, except that an operating table was estab- lished for each brigade, the corresponding medicine wagon being drawn up beside it, and the surgeons-in-chief of brigades being ex officio the operators. Thirty-six regular hospital attendants were employed in the preparation and distribution of food. dressThg wounds, and care of the patients; these men wore on the left arm a half chevron composed of a green and yellow stripe. During a bat- tle or series of battles, the drum corps of the division, numbering 350 men and boys, were put on duty in the hospital, being organized into five companies, com7manded each by a sergeant, and the whole command by a lieutenant, having an orderly sergeant as an assist- ant. From this corps details were made, whenever called for by the surgeon in charge, for pitching and striking tents, loading and nil-~ loading wounded, bringing wood and water, burying the dead, and for police duties. A provost guard was present at the hospital dur- ing an engagement for the purpose of arresting malingerers, & c. One medical officer followed each regiment into action, the remain Page 215 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPJDAN TO THE JAMES. ~15 lug surgeons, with the exception of those in the division hospitals, remained at the advance ambulance depot, which was usually about 500 yards in the rear of the line of battle. When a large number of wounded were brought in, these last were sent to the division hospital to act as dressers, & c. Organization of hospital of First Division, Fifth Gorps.Jn the First Division, Fifth Corps, 25 tents, 14 army wagons, and 3 medi- cine wagons were allowed, the division containing 21 regiments, 3 brigades, and 8,100 men. Five of the army wagons carried the brigade and regimental supplies, 3 the tents, 2 the cooking apparatus and 1,500 rations, and 4 the blankets and other hospital stores. Tbe tents in this hospital were pitched by brigades, the operating tables being arranged as in the Second Corps. Thirty-six hospital attend- ants we r~ employed. The drum corps of the division was employed first two weeks of the during the campaign; after that it was sent to the front, and 12 pioneers performed its duties. A provost guard was furnished the hospital. The medical officers not on duty at the division hospital formed advance depots near the line of battle, one or two depots being formed for each brigade. Organization of hospital of First Division, Sixth Corps.Jn the First Division, Sixth Corps, 24 tents, 17 army wagons, and 4 medi- cine wagons were allowed, the division containing 4 brigades, 17 regiments, and 8,000 men. Eight of the army wagons carried the regimental medical property, 4 the brigade supplies, and 5 the tents and division hospital supplies. One of these last was used more especially to form a small flying hospital for the division while on the march. The tents were pitched by brigades. Thirty-four hospital attendants were employed, but no drum corps or pioneers, except when detailed in emergencies. The tents were pitched and struck by the men belonging to the ambulance train, who had been especially drilled in that duty. Two depot hospitals for each bri- ga(le were established as near the line of battle as possible, the advance ambulances being close at hand, a second ambulance depot beiiig usually formed about one-half mile in the rear. Each of these division hospitals could be pitched or taken down and packed in the wagons in forty-five minutes. The ambulances of the division when not in use were parked close by the hospital, the stretcher-bearers remaining at the front with the troops. Superiority of the Fifth Corps organization.The regimental medical property was never used during the active part of the cam- p aign, and, as in the Fifth Corps, very little was carried. A much larger proportion of transportation was available for the division hospitals than in the other corps, and rations, clothing, condensed milk, and canned meats and fruits were carried without trouble. Organization of the Cavalry Corps.In the Cavalry Corps no system of division field hospitals was organized, as, owing to the peculiar nature of their service, their hospital train was, by orders or by circumstances, seldom near enough to be available during an engagement, and was entirely absent during their long expeditions and raids. The usual operating staff was detailed, however, and a full supply was carried in their train. The nearest available house was used as a hospital, aiid the wounded were in many instances subsisted by foraging, as will be seen by the reports of the cavalry raids. The Cavalry Corps hospital, consisting of twenty-two hos- pital tents, with furniture and hospital stores, medical officers, attendants, & c., the whole under charge of Surg. S. B. W. Mitchell Page 216 216 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. xLvm. Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, was kept up during the winter, and was sent back to Alexandria on the 1st of May, from which point it moved directly to Fredericksburg as soon as the road was opened. ]Jfedical supplies, how carried ..T he medical and hospital supplies of the army were carried in the brigade supply and medicine wagons, the regimental and division hospital wagons, the ambulance boxes, hospital knapsacks, and field companions, and in a reserve train of thirty-five army wagons, which m6ved with the main train of the army, and was under the charge of Asst. Surg. J. Bernard Brinton, U. S. Army, the medical purveyor. Amount of supplies carried.The amount of medical and hos- pital supplies carried with the army is shown in the schedule, marked A, herewith transmitted. The means of transportation, and amount of camp and garrison equipage carried, is in like maimer shown by Schedule B. This supply was estimated as sufficient for the wants of the army until June 1, 1864, and for the necessities of 20,000 wounded for eight days in addition. The medical purveyor had also under his control a large and commodious storehouse in Alexandria, in which a large amount of stores were placed in such a manner that they could be forwarded by either boat or rail with ease and quickness. A reqnisition for a complete three months sup- ply for the army for the period from July 1, 1864, to September 30, 1864, was sent in by the medical purveyor during the latter part of April. This supply reached the army at White House on the 1st of June. Sanitary Commission.The Sanitary Commission had five wagons in the army. The supplies carried in them are also given in Sched- ule A. The corps medical directors exercised their own discretion as to the movements of these wagons with the hospital trains. Dur- ing the last week in April, all the & ck and wounded were sent t9 Washington, the hospital broken up, all surplus property sent to the rear, and every preparation made for an immediate movement. The medical purveycrs depot at Brandy Station was broken up, and the surplus supplies sent to Alexandria on the 8th of May, it having been kept up till the last moment, that every brigade might have a complete months supply on hand at the start. On the 1st of May the Fifth Corps, which had been up to that time guarding the railroad from Fairfax to Rappahannock Station, was concentrated near Brandy Station and Culpeper, its place being taken by the Ninth Corps. On the 30th of April the Second Division, Cavalry Corps, was withdrawn from Warrenton and moved to Paoli Mills. Order of march, Cavalry Corps.The movement of the army be- gan at midnight of the 3d of May. The Second and Third Divisions, Cavalry Corps, moved to Germanna and Elys Fords, on the Rapidan, at which points canvass pontoon bridges were immediately thrown across. Fifth Corps.Two divisions of the Fifth Corps moved to Ger- manna Ford by way of Stevensburg and the plank road, taking with them a wooden pontoon bridge train, with which a second bridge was constructed at that ford by 7 a. m. of the 4th. The other two divisions of the corps followed, reaching the ford at 9 a. m. Second Corps.Two divisions of the Second Corps moved at mid- night of the 3d to Elys Ford, and a wooden pontoon bridge was also thrown across at that point. The remainder of the corps followed at 3 a. m Page 217 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 217 Sixth Corps, army trains. The Sixth Corps moved at 4 a. in., fol- lowilig the Fifth. The Artillery Reserve followed the Second Corps. The trains of the army moved to Richardsville. General head- quarters moved at 5 a. in., passing, by way of Stevensburg, to Ger- manna Ford, crossing the river at noon, ar~i1 camping for the night on the heights on the south side of the river. The First Division, Cavalry Coi:ps, guarded the river from Rapidan Station to Germanna Ford, covering the rear and right flank of the army. The only means of transportation allowed to cross the river were one-half of the in- fantry ammunition trains, one-half of the ambulances, 1 medicine and 1 hospital wagon to each brigade, and the light spring wagons and pack-mnles belonging to the various corps and division head- quarters. No opposition was made to the crossing, and as soon as the infantry had reached the river the cavalry moved southward, the Second Division to the vicinity of Piney Branch Church and the Third Division to the vicinity of Old Wilderness Tavern. A small body of Confederates was found at Chancellorsville, who retreated toward Fredericksburg, and another party near Parkers Store; with these exceptions no enemy appeared. Position of the army on the 4th of May.The main body of the army had crossed the river by 2 p. in., and on the evening of the 4th the Second Corps, with the Reserve Artillery, was near Chancellors- ville, the Fifth Corps near 01(1 Wilderness Tavern, and the Sixth Corps on the heights south of Germanna Ford. The distance marched was about 15 miles, the day cool and pleasant, the men fresh and in good spirits, and there was but little straggling. Fifty rounds of ammunition, three days full rations in the haversacks, and three days short rations in the knapsacks were carried by each soldier. Three days rations of fresh beef on the hoof were also taken across the river. Operations of May 5.IEarly in the morning of the 5th of May it was found that the enemy were advancing from Orange Court- House with the design of striking our column at right angles while in line of march. The original intention of moving farther southward was temporarily abandoned, and the army moved into line of battle. The Fifth Corps held the center, lying across the Orange Court- House pike parallel to and 1 mile west of the Germanna Ford plank road. Position of the Fifth Corps and of its hospitals.The division hospitals of this corps were located on a slope of open ground by a small creek which crosses the Fredericksburg pike 1 mile east of Old Wilderness Tavern. Water for time hospitals was obtained from ex- cellent springs in the vicinity, tents were pitched, operating tables and kitchens prepared, surgeons and attendants at their posts, and everything in readiness for the reception of wounded an hour before the cases began to arrive. The advance depot for the ambulances was near the tnrmmpike, about 400 yards behind the line of battle. A surgeon with attendants was stationed at Old Wilderness Tavern for the purpose of dressing the slightly wounded who might be straggling along the road and who had passed by the advance hospitals without having been cared for. The wounded began to come in about 12 m. and by 9 p. in. 1,235 men had been received, fed, dressed, and shel- tered. Position of the Sixth Corps and location of hospitals.The Sixth Corps was posted on the right of the Fifth, extending to the river, the Second Division moving during the day to the left of the Fifth Corps Page 218 218 OPERATIONS JN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. The hospital of the First Division of this corps was at the Spotswood house on the Germanua Ford turnpike; that of the Second Division on the Old Wilderness Run near Woodville Mine, and that of the Third Division near Old Wilderness Tavern. About 1,000 wounded were brought in during the day, the greater part from the Second Division. Position of Second Corps.The Second Corps got into position during the day along the Brock or Brook road, having an interval of nearly 2 miles between its right and the left of the Fifth Corps; this space was for ~he most part filled up during the day by General Burusides command, and one division of the Sixth Corps. Location of hospitals of Second Army Corps.Its hospitals were located near Carpenters house, 1 mile southeast of the junction of the Germanna Ford and Chancellorsville plank roads. The site was a good one, with good water, and two ambulance roads leading to the front, which was only a mile distant. About 600 wounded were received during the day. ]ifovements of army trains.The trains of the army crossed dur- ing the day at Elys Ford and Catharpin Mine Ford, and moved one part to Chancellorsville, the other to the vicinity of Woodville Mine. Movements of Cavalry Corps.The First Division, Cavalry Corps, crossed after the trains, and nioved to Alrichs, picketing the roads toward Fredericksburg. The other divisions of the corps engaged with the enemys cavalry during the day in the vicinity of Todds Tavern, and had about 100 wounded. A temporary hospital was es- tablished at Browns house, about half a mile northeast of Todds Tavern, where all the wounded were dressed and fed and the neces- sary operations performed. They were then removed to the tent hospitals of the corps, one of which was established near Elys Ford, by which point it was supposed that they would be sent to Washing- ton, the other near the hospitals of the Fifth Corps. Army head- quarters were on a little knoll near Woodville Mine during the day. During the 6th and 7th of May the battle of the Wilderness contin- ued, the corps and divisions remaining in nearly the same relative positions as above described, which are shown in the outline map appended to this report, together with the locations of the several hospitals and the roads used by the ambulances. As has been well said, this was a battle which no man saw or could see, fought in the midst of dense thickets of second-growth underbrush and evergreens, rendering the use of artillery almost impossible, and compelling the opposing lines to approach very near each other in order to see their opponents. It was a series of fierce attacks and repulses on~ either si& e. and the hostile lines swayed back and forth over a strip of ground from 200 yards to a mile in width on which the severely wounded of both sides were scattered. This strip of woods was on fire in many places, and some wounded, unable to escape, were thus either suffocated or burned to death. The number who thus perished is unknown, but it is supposed to have been about 200. The stretcher- bearers of the Ambulance Corps followed the line of battle closely, and displayed great gallantry in their efforts to bring off the wounded. Repeated efforts were made, especially at night, to bring off the wounded lying between the lines, but with very small suc- cess, it being almost impossible to find wounded men lying scattered through the dense thickets, and the enemy firing at every movin Page 219 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 219 light, or even at the slightest noise. The nnmber of men lost in this battle from the Ambulance Corps was , of whom were killed, wonnded, and captured. The hospitals of the Second and Fifth Corps remained stationary throughout the battle. Those of the Sixth Corps were collected on the night of May 6 and moved to the vicinity of Dowdalls Tavern on the Fredericksburg turnpike. This removal was necessitated by a fierce attack of the enemy upon the right wing, which forced back and threw into temporary confusion the Third Division of the Sixth Corps. Some shells were thrown into the vicinity of the Spotswood house, injuring two ambulances, but doing no further damage. The records of the various hospitals were, as a general thing, care- fully and accurately kept. The hospital of the Second Corps being but a short distance from the front, the influx of patients was so rapid and their numbers so great that it was not possible to record all of them. About 120 of the enemys wounded were brought in, chiefly to the hospitals of the Second Corps. The total number of wounded, killed, and missing during this battle is shown by the fob lowing statement, which, however, does not include the loss of General Burnsides command: Number of wounded, according to classified returns 7,302 Number of wounded treated in hospital unrecorded (estimated) 1,000 Number of wounded who fell into the enemys hands (estimated) 800 Total 9,102 Number killed, according to regimental reports 2,009 Number missing, according to regimental reports 3,893 Total 5,902 Grand total 15,004 The number of wounded, according to the regimental returns, is 10,185, or 1,045 more than is given above, but subsequent returns render it probable that this is an error. A consolidated statement of the wounded of this battle is appended, together with a return of wounded officers. It will be noted that this number is large, 1 to every 16 enlisted men. This was due to the fact that the conflict was in many respects skirmishing on a large scale, and the men most conspicuously dressed were the first victims. For a similar reason the Zouave brigade of the First Division, Fifth Army Corps, whose uniforms are banded with red and yellow scrolls, met with very heavy loss. The relative proportiorr of killed was also large, being nearly 1 to every 5 wounded. Only 240 wounds from cannon shot and shell were observed. As a somewhat interesting fact, bear- ing upon the character of the conflict, it may be mentioned that but 11 rounds of ammunition per man were used by the army during the three days fight, as stated by the chief ordnance officer. Ample supplies of all kinds were on hand in all the hospitals. The medical purveyor, with his wagon train, was at Woodville Mine, md reported that he was ready to issue by 5 p. in. of May 5, but no requisitions were sent in as the supply carried in the ambulance and field hospital trains was much greater than the emergency required. All of the ambulances and hospital wagons were at the several hos- uitals by 9 a. m. of May 6. The labors of the Ambulance Corps dur- ug this battle were very severe. The ambulances of the Fifth and ixth Corps traveled about 50 miles on the 6th of May. Ever Page 220 ~C1IAP. XLVIII. 220 OPEEATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. wounded man who could be reached by the stretcher-bearers was brought off the field, and about 4,000 blankets and shelter-tents were collected and bronght into the hospitals. On the morning of the 7th of May Major-General Meade ordered that all the wounded should be sent to Rappahannock Station, by way of Elys Ford, to be sent from thence to Washington. All of the army wagons of the general and corps trains which could be emptied were tnrned over to the medical department during the day, and by 6 p. m. were being loaded with wounded. These wagons were thickly bedded with evergreen bonghs, over which shelter- tents and blankets were spread, and were comparatively comfortable for the class of cases for which they were used. Every facility was afforded by the quartermasters department, and without such aid it would have been utterly inipossible to have removed more than one-fourth of the wounded. Three hundred and twenty-five wagons and 488 ambulances were used for the wounded of the infantry corps, and it was found absolutely necessary to leave behind 960 wounded on accouiit of lack of transportation. The wounded were divided into three classes: First, those able to walk; second, those unable to walk, but able to ride in army wagons; third, those most severely wounded, including the cases of fractures of the lower extremities, major amputations, and penetrating wounds of the throracic and abdominal cavities. Two medical officers, 1 hospital steward, and 10 attendants were detailed to every 500 men, and rations, dressings, and medical stores furnished for three days. Surg. E. B. Dalton, U. S. Volunteers, was placed in charge of the entire train, and a regiment of dismounted cavalry accompauied it as a guard. A mes- sage was sent to the Surgeon-General at 10 a. in., notifying him of the arrangements made, and requesting that supplies should be sent to Rappahannock Station for the wounded remaining on the field, to be brought by the returning train. On the evening of May 7 it was determined to entirely abandon the line of the Rapidan, and the army moved during the night to the vicinity of Spotsylvania Conrt- House. The train containing wounded was, therefore, ordered to accompany the trains of the army to Alrichs, on the Fredericks- burg plank road, 2 miles south of Chancellorsville. The number of wounded left behind in the several corps hospitals on account of lack of transportation was as follows, according to the reports of the corps medical directors Union. Rebel. Second corps Fifth corps 200 5ixth corps 100 Total 960 9 Hospital tents, medical officers, and attendants, medicines, hospita stores, and dressings, and three to five days rations were left witl these wounded. Early in the morning of May 8 the following order was issued: ORDERS.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, May 8,1864. The wounded of the army will be immediately transported to Fredericksburg and there put in hospital. Major-General Hancock will detail a small regiment c infantry, under a reliable commander, who, with the Twenty-second New York Ca Page 221 - CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 221 airy and his regiment, will escort them and take charge of the hospital; he will re- turn the ambulances to the army, but retain the wagons, with which, under a flag of truce, he will endeavor to bring off the field such wounded as there was no trans- portation for. The wounded will be supplied with three days subsistence, which will be furnished by the corps commanders concerned. By order of Major-General Meade: S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. At 9.45 a. m. a message was dispatched by a special agent to the Surgeon-General, informing him of the new arrangements and re- questing that medical officers and supplies should be sent at once to Fredericksbnrg. Sixty-eight beef-cattle were drawn from the gen- eral herd and turned over to Dr. Dalton, surgeon, U. S. Volunteers, in charge, and he was instrncted to draw from the pnrveyors train whatever medical suppplies he might deem necessary. The entire train had passed Silvers house on its way to Fredericksburg by 11 p. in., and arrived at its destination by 11 a. m. of the 9th, having met with no molestation or trouble. An account of the operations of the medical department in Fredericksburg will be given in a subsequent part of this report, but it may be proper to state in this place the re- sult of the efforts made to bring in the wounded from the battle-field of the Wilderness. Within the two following weeks about 1,000 wounded were collected and carried to Fredericksburg by ambulances and wagon trains which were sent out from that place by Surgeon Dalton, U. S. Volunteers. The wounded left within the enemys lines were chiefly collected at the Confederate hospitals near Parkers Store and Robertsons Tavern. About 300 of these were brought away, and tents, food, and dressings left with those who could not be broughf~ off. The enemy at first made no objection to the removal of these wounded, but on the 14th of May, Assistant Surgeon Brene- maii, U. S. Army, who went out with a train at that time was in- formed that no more wounded could be removed unless a special request to that effect should be made by Lieutenant-General Grant. On the 18th of May Doctor Breneman again went out with an ambulance train carrying the following letter: HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Near Spotsylvania Court-House, Va., May 18, 1864. COMMANDING OFFICER CONFEDERATE FoRcEs, Near Old Wilderness Tavern, Va.: SIR: To secure proper medical supplies and care for wounded soldiers who I un- derstand, are still left in your hospitals near Old Wilderness Tavern, I would re- ~juest that all who are still in your hands be delivered to Assistant Surgeon Brene- man, U. S. Army, who is authorized to receipt the roll of the same. I will state that all Confederate wounded who have fallen into our hands are receiving good rare and abundance of supplies of all description. Such, however, as have not been sent beyond Fredericksburg will be delivered into your hands at Chancellorsville f you desire it. I have the honor, to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. The request contained in the above letter was refused on the ground that it was not addressed to General Robert E. Lee. Dr. -reneman was permitted, however, to send two wagon-loads of ~ood and medical supplies to our wounded. On the 22d of May Dr. )reneman made another attempt, but with the same result. On us return he was stopped by guerrillas, his horse taken from him, und his pockets rifled of all papers and valuables. On the 24th, supplies were sent out from Fredericksburg, and o Page 222 222 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. - the 27th, by order or Lieutenant-General Grant, Dr. Breneman again went out, accompanied by a strong force of cavalry and in- fantry, and brought in all the wounded from the vicinity of Old Wilderness Tavern86 in number. On their arrival at Fredericks- burg they were placed on board a steamer lying at the wharf and conveyed directly to Washington. Fredericksburg was then aban- doned and no further efforts were or could be made to bring in those wounded who were in the enemys hospitals near Parkers Store by the medical department of this army. An expedition was sent out from Washington, however, by Surgeon Abbott, U. S. Army, medical director, on the 8th of June, which brought off 45 wounded, all that were left, the others having been removed by the enemy. The mortality among the wounded left in the Wilderness was very great, partly because the most serious cases, and such as could not bear transportation were left, and partly from insufficient food and supplies. The surgeons left with the wounded were per- mitted to return without molestation, and no paroles were exacted from those wounded who were brought off. To those of our wounded collected at Parkers Store and Robertsons Tavern, medi- cal attendance, food, and medical supplies were furnished by the Confederates in the same proportion as to their own Before leaving the subject it is to be observed that there was no interval of impor- tance between the cessation of hostilities and the march of the army, as is usual after great conflicts of this character, and which is availa- ble to the medical department for the withdrawal and care of the wounded. The weather during the 5th, 6th, and 7th of May was warm and dry, the nights cool, and producing heavy deposits of dew, and the roads good, although somewhat dusty. HDQRs. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, MEDICAL DIREcTORS OFFICE, May 7, 186411.30 a. m. SURGEON-GENERAL: I have made arrangements to send to Washington between 7,000 and 8,000 wounded. The train of wagons and ambulances will leave to-night and go to Rap- pahannock Station, from which point they are to be sent by rail. Please direct Assistant Surgeon Mackenzie to send up a battle-field supply for 3,000 wounded for seven days in the first train. All the medical officers you can spare are needed here, and they should be prepared to remain in the field for ten days. THS. A. McPARLIN, Surgeon U. S. Army, Medical Director Army of the Potomac. N. BSend short rations also from the commissary of subsistence department for 3,000 men for seven days. SCHEDULE A.Consolidated statement of articles and quantities of medical and hospital property carried with the Army of the Potomac across the Rapidan, May 4, 1864. n ~i2~ ~ PS ~ SO .9 Articles. 555 ~-9~ .~ce ~ n H MEDJcINEs. Acacia pulvis ounces 300 300 Acid, sulphuric, aromatic pounds 25 25 Acid, tannic ounces.. 50 40 90 Acid, tartaric pounds 20 20 2Eth.sulphuric ounces 720 i,440 ~,605 3,765 .~EVh. spts. coinp do 500 400 ,... i)00 Page 223 ~C ~ ~1 C~ C~ o a 0 C a a o CC~ no~nc~ a 0 Ci~ Ci~ CC CC CC~-~ aa CrC~c~ C120 0~-. CC~ 0 o~CC~0 0 000 CC ~ 0~N0~ooo0o CC..CC CC 0.0 OCi2Cj2 0 a H Cci H 0 a Si ~~CC OOCCocic .s~0 ~ -as: Ci2 :~ -:~ci ~ : a 0o~ o~0 0 0~ 0 o~0 ~0 00 0~0 0 0 0 00~0 00 000 00. 00 0.0 oO 0 00 000 0 00000 0 ~CC ~ ~ 00o.o.o.oO ~ ~~CC.00. o.0 0.o.o o.~ 0 CCO.CC 0000 0~-~C0000C0 0CC00O00CC00CC~CC Ci. CC CC CCCC 0. (CO. CCO. CC 0. CC 0.CCCCCC ci0 cia .0. Ci.. aCIC a a CICCJC 100.10 n: 3~: ~. ~ ~ ~: n...: In reserve sup. n~u ~: ~ ~ ~ ua ~ ~ ~ plytrain. u o. ~no. ~ u In brigade sup ~ , . ~ ~. . ~cCIi-~-~Ci. . ~ OA-~ ~ . . ~ . plyandbospi- ~ ~: ~ ~i: ~: tal wagons. In medicine ~ ~ ~OCCCCA~CCCC CCC una ~ CCC CC~10 ~ C-~ ~ CCC wagons. : In ambulance : . boxes. ~C~C~C.i a C10CI~ ~ ~. ~ Totalarmysup ~ 5CC . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. . . oci o ~ 0.50 a.-~ sou ~o~o nuo~o~ ~ ~CW CCC ci-.. 0CCI ~ ~ ~: ~g ~ ~50 0. Si 0 CC Si 0 0 0 0 CC 0 CC Ii 0 a 0. CD a CD CC CC a C) 0 p p p CD H H ~j2 In wagons of Sanitary Com- mission Page 224 ~000~~005~ ~0000~~0o00:0:0~~ ~ ~J2 0. OCDaa ao ~. 0Ci2CD 0 ~z ~-~0 ~ no CD ~. z 0 o0 ~0 ~0. ~ 0 ~.0 ~. z ~ ~ 000- 0 ~i o000~ 000.0000.0 .i 0. CD ~ In reserve sup- ~. -~ O~ 5. ~ ~ ply train. ~ ~: ~ . ~ ~: ~~oo 0 0 ~ In brigade sup- ~ ~ ~ 00 no ~ ply and hospi- ~. ~ .-~ nu ~ OO ~oo ~ ~o tal wagons. ___ ~ z In medicine ~. ~. . o --~un ~ -un uus.u - wagons. u n o u5.no u 0 00 0 0N~.OOOO~~ __________ In ambulance C~ boxes. ~-n Totalarmysup- ~ CD ply. 0~OO 0 ~ ~ 000 ~ ~O~oOOO~~0 on ~CD In wagons of Sanitary Coin- ssiOn. ~ on. 0 Page 225 ~: a: ~ ~ ~ 0 H ~ co~~ a-.~ ~a aaa~ (~ ~ a a a a. ~ a~: : a a ~ a ~a a ~ . 1. ,~, . . ~a a . a0 4~ ~ ~ Q4a& ~ P~ 0 ~onoo~a.:n i~0~ a. ,~ 040 ~ aa ~ .~s -o H a C,: Op 1 a a a a a a a a --a a a ~ c~ ~ ~ a C: a a a a. Hospital. ~ H a Wall. a a a a; Common. a - a a. . . . ,...: Shelter. Hospital a a.~ :~ H a a 4+ a Wall. a a a Common, Axes. Shovels. -~ a Spades. a H a a a a a- a a a. Picks. 40 404-4. ~. C~) z a: 0 z C: . . : : : Unserviceable. 40 ~ Mules on hand, sery- iceahle. ~ Horses. a a 0$i~~ Mules. a a ~ ~. . a Horses. Z a a a. a ~: Mules. ~nnn Serviceable. 044000 ~ Allowance. ~ a Autenrieth. ~ a0 . . Perot. 04 ~ Serviceable. -4 ~ Allowance. nu ~ Serviceable. aa na a a C: a p -1 H 0 H a: C: C: p a C:4 z a: -~ 1~ z ~ a: ~a ~ H ~ 0 C:~ z S~o C:-- ~ a 0 C: C: C: Page 226 226 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. SCHEDULE C.Consolidated classified statement of wounds, & c.Continued. Location of injury, & c. ISecond Fifth Sixth Cavalry Total Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Excisions performed 38 41 25 4 108 Aggregate strength present 30,061 24,649 25,247 15, 1811 95, 140 Medical officers present 170 114 109 40 433 Killed (hy regimental reports) Wounded (hy regimental reports) Missing (hy regimental reports) Total loss 720 602 635 52 2,009 3,806 3,192 2,808 379 10,185 698 2,244 840 111 3,893 16,087 Officers wounded 161 115 136 12 424 REMARKsThis statement has been made up in part from classified returns and in part from the weekly reports of sick and wounded. The number of wounded of the Cavalry Corps was ahout 690, hut some of the reports from this corps are missing. SCHEDULE D.Report of officers wounded at the battle of the Wilderness May 5, 6, and 7,1864. Second Fifth Sixth Cavalry Total. Rank. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Brigadier-generals 1 1 2 Colonels S 9 6 23 Lieutenant-colonels 9 6 1 22 Majors 9 3 8 2 21 Captains 62 41 42 4 149 Lieutenants 72 53 73 5 2(13 Medical officers 1 1 Chaplains 1 1 Total 161 115 136 12 434 Enlisted men 2,943 2,282 1,951 164 7,340 Ratio of officers to men 1181 1-181 1141 1131 1161 SECTION II. Operations around Spots ytva.uia Court-House and Fredericksburg, Va. During the morning of the 8th of May the Cavalry Corps attacked the enemy on the Spotsylvania Court-House road, and about 250 wounded were soon collected at Browns house, one-half mile north- east of Todds Tavern. At that point their wQunds were dressed, and hot soup and coffee distributed, after which they were placed in ambulances and wagons and sent on as fast as possible to join die main traiii of wounded, which was then moving off toward Fred ericksburg. The Cavalry Corps withdrew at 10 a. in., its place being taken by the Fifth Corps, and moved off toward Fredericksburg, guarding the left flank and rear of the army. The Fifth Corps mel the enemy about 11 a. in., and a sharp engagement ensued. Th men of this corps were much fatigued, having been on the road a] night. The day was hot and sultry, and the roads very dusty, whib dense woods, on fire in many places, covered the country, preventin~- the free circulation of air, or the dissipation of the demise clouds o dust raised by the moving troops. Some confusion occurred in th beginning of the battle, the enemy being in stronger force than wa: at first supposed, and a skirmish line was therefore formed in th; rear, which drove forward all stragglers, allowing mione to fall to t Page 227 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAHDAN TO ThE JAMES. 227 rear except those so seriously wounded as to be unable to walk. These last were at first hastily collected into little groups in hollows by the road side, which afforded protection against musketry; haver- sacks and full canteens were placed by them, and a medical officer left with each group. As soon as the line of battle ceased to advance, all the wounded were collected at four depots located in the woods by the side of the Todds Tavern and Spotsylvania Court-House road near the point of crossing of the Block house road. All the ambul lances were absent, being engaged in con veying the wounded of the battle of the Wilderness to Fredericksburg, and much confusion an(l delay in the collection of the wounded occurred in consequence. Slightly wounded men, straggling over the country in every direc- tion, except toward the front, while from 2 to 4 soldiers would leave the ranks with severely wounded men. The regular stretcher- bearers of the ambulance corps labored faithfully, but the number of wounded was so large, and the distance over which they had to be carried so great, that the evils above mentioned were no~ pre- vente(l. The medicine, hospital, and commissary wagons could not be brought up, as the roads were blocked with artillery and moving columns of troops. By 9 p. in., however, about 1,300 wounded of this corps had been collected, the hospital trains brought up, ali(i 3,400 rations distributed. A large portion of the wounds were slight in character, and about 100 were self-inflicted. The Second Corps engaged the enemy on the Catharpin road during the after- noon, and had about 150 wounded, of whom 30 fell into the hands of the enemy; the remainder were brought off and made confortable at a temporary hospital established near Grays house. The Sixth Corps had about 100 wounded cared for in its temporary hospital by nightfall. The want of ambulances was the same in the Second and Sixth Corps as in the Fifth, but as they had but few wounded, the evil results were not so great. In order, as far as possible, to meet the emergency arising from the lack of ambulances, the following order was issued by the gen- eral commanding, after the state of affairs had been brought to his notice: ORDERs.] HEADQUARTERS AimMY OF THE POTOi~iAc, May 8, 18643.45 p. m. All ambulances and spring wagons of every description whatsoever now in nse at any headquarters or by any officer of .this army, for the transportation of baggage, or for any other purpose, will immediately be turned over to the medical director for the transportation of the wounded. The empty wagons of the supply trains will be substituted for the ambulances and spring wagons above mentioned. It is expected that this order will be promptly complied with by every officer concerned. By command of Major-General Meade: S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. In accordance with the above order the spring wagons were turned over to the corps medical directors in the course of the even- ing, the Second Corps furnishing 16, the Fifth Corps 15, and the Sixth Corps 10. Fifteen spring wagons and ambulances turned over from general headquarters were kept together as a reserve train, under the orders of the medical director, to be used when and where they might be most needed. These spring wagons were a good substitute for ambulances, and were of great use in th Page 228 228 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. emergency. During the 9th of May the army remained quiet, rations and ammunitions were issued to the troops, and the army wagons thus emptied were turned over to the medical department in the evening to be used for the removal of wounded during the following day. The Cavalry Corps moved off in the morning for the purpose of passing around the Confederate army and moving toward Richmond. Surg. R. W. Pease, U. S. Volunteers, the corps medi- cal director, being unable to accompany the corps on account of ill- ness, Asst. Surg. George M. McGill, U. S. Army, was made acting medical director of the corps, and his report of the expedition is ap- pended to this report Early in the morning of the 9th, the hospitals of the Fifth Corps were established on a grassy lawn around the Coos or Cossin house, situated on the Block house road, lj miles in the rear of the line of battle. Water was abundant, and of good quality, and the location was excellent in every respect. The hospitals of the Second Corps were establish6d near those of the Fifth Corps in open ground on /1 the south branch of the Ny River. The Sixth Corps hospitals were placed in the pine woods on the Court-House and Piney Branch Church road, one-half mile north of the intersection of the Block house road. All the wounded were transferred to these points dur- ing the day by means of the spring wagons and stretchers; abundance of all kinds of supplies were on hand, including ice, there being several large well-filled ice-houses in the vicinity. Large numbers of blankets and shelter-tents, which had been dropped and abandoned in the woods by stragglers and wounded, were collected and brought into the hospitals by the attendants and field musicians, who in some instances were regularly deployed as skirmishers and sent through the woods for that purpose. About 2,300 blankets and 300 shelter- tents were obtained in this manner. The only fighting during the day was between the pickets and sharpshooters, in which, however, we sustained a heavy loss in the death of Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick, commanding the Sixth Corps, who was killed by a sharpshooter about 10 a. m. His death was almost instantaneous, the ball entering just below the left eye and traversing the base of the brain. Six ambulances belonging to the Artillery Reserve were captured during the day. They had been sent to assist in the removal of wounded, but the ambulance officer in charge, Lieutenant Holzborn, mistook tIme road and moved toward Chancellorsville, near which point the train was seized by a party of the enemys cavalry. The greater part of the ambulances sent to Fredericksburg returned during the night of May 9. The horses were greatly exhausted by the severe and continuous labor which they had been compelled to perform, and were badly in need of rest. All the hospital supplies in the ambulances had been removed at Fredericksburg. During the morning of May 10 or(lers were issued and arrangements made to send to the rear the wounded in the field hospitals, using for that purpose the army wagons which had beemi emptied by the issue of the rations and ammunition of the previous day, and which were going to Fredericksburg for fresh supplies. No ambulances or spring wagons were sent, as a general engage- ment was going on at the time, and all were needed at the front. The train was organized at Silvers house, near which point the main trains of the army were parked, and moved from that point at 3 p. in., Surg. R. W. Pease, U. S. Volunteers, being in charge Page 229 Cisxp. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 229 The number of wounded sent in this train, as reported by the corps medical directors, was as follows: Corps. !Wounded Wagons. Second 125 32 Fifth 1,419 196 150 35 Total 1,694 To the above number reported should be added about 600 slightly wounded who moved with the train. Most of them from the days engagement, and not going to the field hospitals nor being accounted for by the corps medical directors, which would make the total num- ber sent to be 2,294. The wagons were bedded with straw and small evergreen boughs covered with blankets and shelter-tents, and car- ried from 3 to 5 men each, hard-bread boxes being used as seats for those who were able to sit up. Four thousand rations were sent with the train, and medical officers and attendants in the same pro- portion as in the first train from the Wilderness. No escort was sent, as the movenients of the Cavalry Corps on the left were thought to afford sufficient protection. This train reached Fredericksburg at 11 p. m. of May 10 without trouble, having halted once on the road to furnish soup and coffee to the wounded. Two o~eneral as- saults were made on the enemys line during the day, the principal one about 4 p. in. The corps hospitals remained as established on the 9th, the advance depots being along the banks of the Po River. The character of the country was essentially that of the Wilder- ness, but lower and more marshy. Small open spaces existed at intervals in which artillery could be used, but the greater part of the engagement occurred in the woods, in which the dense under- growth of hazel and shrub oak precluded the use of every arm but the musket. By 9 p. in., there had been collected and brought into the field hospitals the following number of wounded: Second Corps 800 Fifth Corps 300 Sixth Corps 200 Total 1,300 Number of wounded straggling (estimated) 600 Total number of wounded, May 10 1,900 A number of time wounded of the Second Corps fell into the hands of the enemy when the corps withdrew in the evening to the north bank of the Po; the number so lost is estimated to have been 300.. The train of the medical purveyor was at this tinie at Silvers, 4 miles only from the hospitals, and large issues were made during the day, especially for the purpose of refilling the ambulance boxes which had been emptied at Fredericksburg. All the hospItals were suppled with ice, lemons, canned peaches, jellies, hospital clothing, & c., in addition to the hospital stores usually furnished under such circumstances. The duties of the medical officers attached to the field hospitals during the day were extremely arduous, and their satisfactory performance merits the highest praise. Many of the medical officers were absent, having been sent off with the first train of wounded, or detailed t~ remai Page 230 230 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C~ tcsAp XLVIII. with those left in the Wilderness, and those who were left, fatigued as they were by five days and nights of constant labor, had not only to organize a large train of wounded, but receive and care for an equal number from the front.~ On the 11th of May another train of wonuded was organized and sent to Fredericksbnrg under the charge of Assistant Surgeon Dn Bois, U. S. Army, Silvers being again the point of rendezvous. The number sent was as follows: Amhu corps. Wounded. lances. Wagons. 5econd 1,080 86 Fifth 467 90 Sixth Total 2,447 2.6 164 7,3 29 62 The army wagons were bedded in the usual manner, and the am- bulances used only for the most serious cases, of which, however, there were a large number. Two days rations and the usual pro- portion of medical officers and attendants accompanied the train. This train was 4 miles long, and had to be collected and organized in the midst of a heavy storm, which began about 3 p. in., and con- tinued all night with but slight cessation. It left Silvers about 9 p. in., but when within 4 miles of Fredericksburg was halted and compelled to wait four hours until a guard could be sent, so that it did not reach its destination until 6 a. m. of the 12th. As the town was already crowded, only 600 of the most serious cases were left, and the remainder moved on to Belle Plain, arriving there about noon. The train was then parked in sections and the wounded fed, furnished with dry blankets, and made as comfortable as possible in the wagons. Early the next morning the train occupied the land- ing, and the whole day was consumed in shipping the wounded. The nien in this train suffered severely from wet and cold, 20 dying on the road. About 700 wounded were brought in from the front on the 11th. Owing to the withdrawal of the Second Corps in the evening it be- came necessary to remove the ~3ixth Corps hospitals, which was effected during the night, and they were established the next day near those of the Fifth Corps. As the Block house, or direct, road was occupied all night by artillery and troops, the hospital train of the Sixth Corps was compelled to make a long detour by Piney Branch Church. The night was dark and stormy, the roads muddy and bad, and the ambulance officer in charge of the train mistook the road and moved 10 miles out of the way. The result of these delays was that the hospitals were not established until 10 a. m. of the following day, and both men and horses were fatigued and worn out. At daybreak on the 12th, the Second Corps attacked the enemy from their new position on the left. By 8 a. m. the engagement had become general, and wounded began to pour into the hospitals with great rapidity. The advance ambulance depot of the Second Corps was near the Landrum house. The rain of the previous eighteen hours had made the roads very muddy, and in some places almost impassable for vehicles, and as nearly one-half of the alnbulances were absent at Fredericksburg, the duties of those remaining were very arduous. The number of wounded from this days battle wa Page 231 CHAP. XLvII1.) RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 231 large, as will be seen by the following statement of the numbers re- ceived into the field hospitals, and the labor of collecting and bringing them in went on until midnight: Number of wounded received: Second Corps 1,820 Fifth Corps 900 Sixth Corps 840 ~1?ota1 3,560 The proportion of severe wounds was unusually large, not over one-fourth of the number being able to walk back to the hospitals; 240 ambulances collected the remainder. The amount of shock and depression of vital power was noticed to be comparatively much greater in the wounded of this battle than in any preceding one of the campaign, and more especially so in those of the Second Corps, who went into action without having had the usual morning cup of coffee. All of the wounded were fed and sheltered, and the majority dressed and operated upon during the day. Supplies of every kind were abundant, with the exception of dry clothing and blankets, for which the demand was very great. Fortunately the night was not cold, and as stimulants and hot soup and coffee were abundant and freely administered, the suffering from this cause was not severe. The hospitals of the Sixth Corps had to be pitched upon wet and muddy ground, but by the use of boards, obtained from an adjacent saw-mill, India-rubber blankets, and evergreen boughs, the condi- tion of the wounded in them was rendered very tolerable. On the 13th, another train of ambulances and army wagons, obtained from the supply trains, was organized to convey wounded to Fredericks- bnrg, Surge6n Martin, U. S. Volunteers, being in charge. The number sent was as follows: Wounded. Anihu Army corps. iancesl wagons. Second 1,843 47 175 Fifth 550 35 20 Sixth 40 50 Total 3,193 122 245 One days rations, and the usual proportion of medical officers and attendants, were sent with the train, which was collected at Silvers, leaving that place at 9 p. in., and reaching Fredericksburg early the following morning. The sufferings of these wounded were great. It rained all night, the men were wet and chilled, nor was it possible to supply them with hot food on the road. Fourteen men died dur- ing the trip. The necessity for sending off as many as possible, however, was imperative, as the army moved during the night of the 13th, and the ground occupied by the hospitals was abandoned to the enemy. No more ambulances could be spared, as there were still some wounded lying on the field to be brought in, and a general engagement was expected on the following day, while a large por- tion of the ambulances were already absent; every wagon was ob- tained from the quartermasters department which could possibly be emptied. But 420 of the Fifth and 200 of the Second Corps had to be left on account of lack of transportation. Tents, medical offi- cers, and attendants, dressings, and medical supplies, and three day Page 232 [CHAP. XLVIII. 232 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. rations were left with them. On the evening of the 14th, a body of the enemys cavalry, commanded by Colonel Rosser, entered the hos- pitals and removed all the Confederate wounded who could walk, about 80 in number, and also all the stragglers and hospital attend- ants who wore no distinctive badge. The soldiers of this squadron carried off the greater part of the rations left for the wounded. As soon as these facts were reported, a regiment of the Second Corps was sent out to drive off the marauders, who had gone, however, be- fore our troops arrived. Surg. Thomas Jones, Eighth Pennsylvania Reserves, who had been left with the wounded in the Fifth Corps hospital, was killed by one. of the men in this regiment, who in the darkness supposed him to be a guerrilla. Additional rations were left with the wounded, and the regiment was withdrawn about noon on the 15th, following the Sec- ond Corps, which had moved still farther on the left. On the even- ing of May 16 a train of 200 ambulances was sent out, which brought off all the wounded left at Cossins, together with the tents and re- maining hospital stores, the Second Division, Second Corps, under command of General Gibbon, moving out at the same time toward the right in such a manner as to protect the train. The removal was effected without difficulty, and the wounded, after having been fed and dressed, were sent directly to Fredericksburg. The hospitals of the Second Corps after leaving Cossins were at first established at the Armstrong house; on the 15th, they were moved to the vicinity of the Beverly house, on the Spotsylvania Court-House and Freder- icksburg turnpike. The hospitals of the Fifth and Sixth Corps were also located near the same point. The wagons of the medical pur- veyor moved to Fredericksburg on the 15th, and were refilled with their original supply. They remained at that point until the 21st, and large issues were made in the interim, advantage being taken of this period of comparative quiet to replenish the division hospitals and brigade supplies. A number of new troops joined the army at this time, ~and were found to be entirely unprovided with medical stores ot~ ~fiy kind, or with means of transportation for wounded or supplies. They were, however, fully provided for, and equipped on the same basis as the rest of the army. On the morning of the 18th, the Second Corps moved to the right and attacked the enemys works; 552 wounded were the result, and the character of the wounds were unusually severe, a large propor- tion being caused by shell and canister. During the evening of the 18th and morning of the 19th, the corps hospitals were moved to the left and re-established on the Massaponax Church road, north of the Anderson house. This removal was fortunate, as they thus escaped from the confusion caused by the enemys attack on the evening of the 19th. This attack was repulsed by heavy artillery regiments armed as infantry, who had just joined the army, and for many of them it was the first battle. The total number of wounded from this affair was 1,100, most of whom were able to walk back to the field hospitals, being hit in the hands and arms, and in many of them the skin being so blackened with powder as to prove that the injury was self-inflicted either by design or accident. Very many of these wounded came into the hospital with extemporaifeous tourniquets tightly applied, and their hands and forearms swollen and livid in consequence. This dread of hemorrhage is simply another proof of the inexperience of the troops. This was the las Page 233 CHAP. XLVIII.] ]1~APJDAN TO TIlE JAMES. 233 of the series of battles about Spotsylvania Court-House; the army moved ou the 21st toward the North Auna. No large trains of wounded were organized after the 13th, as the road to Fredericks- burg was open and safe, and the corps medical directors sent their wounded off as fast as they were received, and means of transporta- tion could be procured. The total number sent from the 14th to the 20th, as appears by the daily reports, was 2,212, including those brought in from Cossins house. Au estimate of the number of wounded, kille4, and missing, for the battles around Spotsylvania Court-House is given in the following statement, which does not in- clude the losses of General Burusides command: Number wounded, according to classified returns 9,031 Number wounded, straggling, and unrecorded 1,500 Total wounded 10,531 Number killed, according to regimental reports 1,781 Number missing, according to regimental reports 2,077 Total loss 14,389 After the 9th of May everything connected with the medical depart- ment worked smoothly, supplies were plentiful, and all the wounded were as well cared for as it is possible for them to be upon the battle- field. The greater want was of medical officers, as a large number were necessarily kept on duty in Fredericksburg, and those who re- mained with the army became weary with constant labor. The corps medical inspectors usually remained about the hospitals and superintended the trausportation of wounded, they also made daily reports to this office of the number of wounded received, sent off, & c., during the day. The plan of drawing medical supplies by brio~ades was found to be inconvenient, the surgeons-in-chief of division hospitals making all requisitions and performing the duty of sub-purveyers. To render the commissary department of the field hospitals as com- plete as possible, the following order was issued: SrEcIAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, No. 130. May 10, 1804. Corps commanders will cause a lieutenant to be detailed from each division of their command, who shall be charged with the duty of supplying the hospitals of his division the subsistence stores it needs. The officer so detailed will report to the surgeon in charge of the division hospital, and make his requisition for supplies on the chief commissary of his corps. By command of Major-General Meade: S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. The ractical results of this order will be commented On in a sub- seque-.0 part of this report. When the Artillery Reserve was broken up, the medical and hospi- tal property and ambulance train were divided equally among the in- fantry corps; twenty-four new ambulances received from Washing- ton were sent to Fredericksburg for the use of Surgeon Dalton, U. S. Volunteers. In sending the wounded from the field hospitals to the rear medical officers were instructed, in accordance with orders issued by the commanding general, to retain all cases of slight wounds and such as would soon be able to return to duty. This was found to be very difficult to effect, as the men would slip off in the night and n Page 234 [CHAP. XLVIII. 234 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. guard could be kept over them. No special authority was given during this period to send off sick, but the responsibility of so doing was assumed in some instances by the surgeons in charge of hospitals, and about 500 seriously sick men were thus sent from the army. A much larger number than this is reported as having been sent from Fredericksburg; the discrepancy will be explained in the account of the operations of the medical department at that point. The only loss of property sustained by the medical department during this period was that of the 6 ambulances of the Artillery Reserve before mentioned, 1 wagon filled with medical supplies belonging to the Second Corps, which was stuck fast in the mud and was abandoned, and the horses of 12 ambulances which were captured by guerrillas on the Fredericksburg road, the ambulances themselves being re- covered. In the mean time a series of depot hospitals had been organized at Fredericksburg by Surg. Edward B. Dalton, U. S. Volunteers, who reached that place with the first train of wounded on the 9th of May. All the churches, warehouses, and convenient dwelling- houses in the place were immediately occupied as hospitals, each corps organization being kept distinct as far as possible. The char- acter of the buildings selected was generally good, and the ventilation sufficient, but as wounded continued to arrive in large nnmbers, closer packing became necessary, and the usual results of over- crowding began to be apparent. The ground occupied was elevated, well drained, and there was an abundant supply of good water. Snpplies of all kinds arrived at Belle Plain on the 10th and 11th of May, and were brought to Fredericksburg as rapidly as transporta- tion could be procured. Schedule C [El, appended to this report shows the character and amount of the supplies furnished by the Medical Department. The stores sent with the first train and those contained in the ambulance boxes served for the necessities of the wounded until supplies could be brought from Belle Plain. The wounded officers were at first billeted upon the inhabitauits of the town, who, as a general rule, received them kindly and treated them well, although at first some of the citizens seemed inclined to make trouble. After the first week an officers hospital was established, and medical officers specially detailed for duty in it. By the 13th, the condition of the wounded in Fredericksbnrg was comparatively comfortable, and the supply of all necessary articles was abundant, straw for bedding and stationery were the articles of which there was the greatest lack. The number of wounded at that date was abont 6,000, but the number fluctuated almost hourly, and it was impossi- ble to prepare accurate daily reports. The greatest want was of medical officers, those who accompanied the trains being greatly fatigued and insufficient in numbers. Fifty medical officers in all were sent from the front, being all that conld possibly be spared. A number of medical men (civilians) caine down from Washington as volunteers for the emergency, and rendered material and valuable assistance in a professional way, but they were for the most part ignorant of some of the most important duties of a medical officer under such circumstances, viz, to procure proper supplies; to see that his patients food is abundant and properly served; that coin- fortable beds are provided, and thorough cleanliness enforced. Their attention was diverted from cases really needing their care by the loud complaints of the stragglers and malingerers with which th Page 235 CHAP. XLVIII.] 1~APIDAN TO THE JAMES. 235 town was filled, and, being unfamiliar with the rontine of military discipline, they could exercise no sufficient command or control over the soldiers. The wounded from the front arrived, as a general rule, in very good condition, those in the trains of the 11th and 13th being ex- cepted for reasons already stated. A large number of sick and slightly wounded, many of the latter self mutilated, did not go to the field hospitals nor accompany the regular trains, but straggled to Fredericksburg and thence to Belle Plain, relying upon the agents of the Sanitary Commission and other commissions for food, and keeping as much as possible out of the way of the medical officers. About 5,000 of these men were in Fredericksburg at different times, and to the tales invented by them for the purpose of exciting the compassion of citizens and strangers may be traced many of the false reports of suffering and destitution which for a time were preva- lent at the North. Nearly all the slightly wounded passed directly through to Belle Plain, from which place they were sent to Wash- ington as fast as boats could be procured, and at the rate of about 1,500 per day. From imiformation received from Surg. R. 0. Abbott, U. S. Army, medical director Department of Washington, it ap- pears that 14,878 wounded had been received into the Washington hospitals by the evening of the 18th of May. About 600 malingerers and stragglers had also been received and turned over to the provost- marshal for safe keeping. These malingerers probably passed up in the first boats, succeeding imi getting off by the aid of bloody ban- dages and judicious limping. After the first three days all men were carefully examined by a medical officer before they were allowed to pass on the boats. Lieutenant-Colonel Cuyler, acting medical inspector-general, U. S. Army, came to Belle Plain with the first boats and remained directing operations at that point until all the wounded were sent away. A camp was formed of the sick and slightly wounded, and rations drawn for them by Colonel Cuyler, which were cooked amid distributed by the Sanitary Commission. The obstacles to the re- moval of the more seriously wounded by way of Belle Plain were very great, and it would certainly have caused the death of a large number had the removal been attempted. The road between that point and Fredericksburg was to a considerable extent corduroy and very rough, nor could it be improved by any means then available. But one small wharf existed at Belle Plain, and over this all the sup- plies of the army had to be landed. These facts were duly repre- sented to the authorities at Washington, and the more serious cases, such as compound fractures, & c., retained at Fredericksburg until the Rappahannock was rendered passable by ~ ~ui-boats, which was effected by the 20th, amid the railroad to Aquia Creek was put in runuing order, which was completed by the 22d. Two light-draught steamers with barges were used to remove the woumided by the river, the larger hospital transports remaining below at Tappahannock, where the wounded were transferred to them. These hospital transports were the steamers Connecticut and State of Maine. They were completely fitted up with beds, cooking apparatus, and every- thing pertaining to the care and comfort of the sick. The necessity for a large and complete hospital organization soon became apparent, and on the 15th requisitions were forwarded for 500 hospital temits and a corresponding amount of bedding and ho Page 236 236 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [Ctw~. XLVIII. pital furniture. These began to arrive on the 19th, and by the 22d a complete tent hospital for each corps had been pitched and the wounded transferred to them. Erysipelas and a mild form of hos- pital gangrene had just began to make their appearance among the wounded, but the removal of the men from buildings to tents almost entirely checked the disease. The removal of wounded went on with great rapidity after the opening of the railroad, and by the 27th of May all had been sent off, except 8 Confederates, who were mori- bund. All the hospital tents and stores were packed on boats and barges, and on the 28th the organization started for White House. Lack of means of transportation was a serious evil at Fredericksburg, and was the cause of the partial deficiency of supplies for the first week. All the ambulances and army wagons which could be obtained, including those left behind by the Cavalry Corps, were at first kept constantly employed in the collection and removal of the wounded who had been left in the Wilderness, and in carrying supplies to those who could not be brought away. It must be remembered also that all the sick of General Burusides command were in Fred- ericksburg, and were supplied and removed by the stores and boats furnished to the Army of the Potomac. After the i~th soft bread was issued to the hospital, ice-houses in the vicinity furnished an abundant supply of ice, and stores and supplies of all kinds were superabundant. The total number of wounded sent from Fredericksburg and Belle Plain is shown in the following statement: Total number of wounded received in Washington from Fredericksburg, as reported by Surgeon Abbott, U. S. Army, medical director 21,966 Number of sick received in Washington from Fredericksburg, as reported by Surgeon Abbott, U. S. Army, medical director 4,225 Total number of sick and wounded 26,191 In addition to the above Dr. Abbott reports, as before mentioned, the reception of 600 inalingerers, who were turned over to the pro- vost-marshal, also 226 Confederate wounded and 93 Confederate sick; total, 319. It is not possible to state precisely the exact proportion of the above number furnished by the Ninth Corps, but it is believed to have been about 2,200 wounded and 1,600 sick The figures for the Army of the Potomac would then be: Number of wounded sent off 19, ~66 Number of sick sent off 2,625 Total 22,391 The medical department owes much to the advice and co-operation of Colonel Schriver, inspector-general, Army of the Potomac, who commanded the post at Fredericksburg, and who did everything in his power to facilitate the proper care and transfer of the wounded. The skill, energy, and perseverance displayed by Surg. E. B. Dalton, U. S. Volunteers, in the face of so many difficulties and obstructions, merit the highest praise, and if only a passing allusion is here made to them, it is because they were but the commencement of a long series of similar manifestations Page 237 HCtZ~ CD H ~ p0 MA p 0 ~31~00~ 0 ~ 3+0 So-o 0 ~1DD0 7-t 3+O~ CD ~ Acn 0703+ r 0 0 p 0 0 0 0 0 30 -~ 03 30~77~ ~ K 3..%.03 30 3+ f 0~ 30 3-~3.W33- t ~ K:30HH~E~oD~ 313% H 3-K 3K1030~.K1303030 0 ~03 ~.: OCC 3-03& b%~ 303 0303 3003 300 Q3300303~ H 0 p Cr 0 r 03 0 ~03 CD ~CD 030 K0 03 0 0 A & 03* ~ 3* ~0 03 A 0 t0tH~rCi:ooCtr~tr0 ~0 ~000~ ~ ~ 5~fl~ oP03+3+ ~ Op~~ 03o0P ~ ZA~ 7~ ~3+ A03 A~ - 70. ~3+50331 0 P31 0030 ~o Ap03pP 00 03531 00 Ot ~7 0 ~ 7~A0 3+~3% 0375~5~03P0~ ~ ~ 0 ~3+11CD 31CD003~ 03~00 01103 CDt030305 030t: 5 ~03*~ ~00 00 03003 ~5 CA ~ g~ AS A0 0 AAS A 0A00 0 A0 ~o ~ ~ R ~ 31 0 0 0 033+o 030 0 0 0 03 0303... 3103.. 3103030... 31 Ci 07031 a 0 . . 0 03 ~0303 H3 H303HH33-30 3.33+1 - . - - - ... ---- . - - p p-CD .. 03 .. p 03303..! 31 . . 3 ~0303 . -3.33 3- 033.333.333..33330 033303 H 0 p V CD 7 A At 0CDt 3100. A S p 0 A a H 03 H 0 H Cr to Cr 0 03 03 -to 0 0 ~ 0 A03 A to 03.3* 0 ~03 A0 CD A A: 0 03 A 03 0 A 03 33 ~ 03030+30303 03 30 -1 0 3-3-033-H 0 Page 238 [CHAP. XLVIII. 238 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. SECTION III. Movements to and operations on the North Anna River, May 21 to May 27, 1864. All the seriously sick and wounded had been sent to Fredericks- bnrg, and the field hospital trains were packed and in park near the Anderson honse on the morning of the 21st, in readiness to move in the rear of the artillery of their respective corps. During the move- ment to the North Anna, on the 21st and 22d, fifteen ambulances moved in the rear of each division for the pnrpose of picking up such men as might fall out of ranks on account of sickness or exhaustion, while the remaining ambulances, collecting into a corps train, moved with the hospital train, and carried the slightly sick and wounded, who were not judged to be fit cases to be sent to Fredericksbu rg.A special detail of medical officers and attendants, furnished with all necessary supplies, moved with the latter train. The roads were in good condition, the surface of the country level, and the weather warm and dry. The number of stragglers, especially on the 22d, was large, and all the ambulances were soon filled. No engagement took place during the movement, with the excep- tion of a slight cavalry skirmish near Milford, in which 15 men were wounded. These men were cared for in the hospital of the Second Corps, which was located on the right bank of the Mattapony, in anticipation of a battle iiear that point. No action occurred, however, and when the corps moved off, these wounded, with 135 sick, were placed in the houses at Milford, medical officers, rations, and supplies being left with them. They remained at that point until the 25th, and were then sent to Port Royal. During the afternoon of the 23d, the crossing of the North Anna having been effected and the enemy met with, field hospitals were promptly established on the north bank of the river, those of the Fifth Corps in an open space near some excellent springs, one-half mile north of Jericho Ford, and those of the Second Corps on the Chesterfield Ford road, 1 mile south of Mount Carmel Church. The banks of the river at Jericho Ford were very high and pre- cipitous, and the road down either side was very rough, being partly new corduroy, and in part a series of rocky steps and shelves caused by the irregular wearing away of the road by a small stream Which flowed down its center. All the more severely wounded were, therefore, carried across the river on stretchers, after having been brought from front to the south bank by the ambulances. As the Fifth Corps not only held it~ ground, but advanced some dis- tance, all the wounded were speedily and easily collected, the total number being 225. One hundred and thirty-one were received into the hospitals of the Second Corps. The supplies in all the hospitals were complete; ice, lemons, and clothing were abundant. As the Sixth Corps had not crossed the river no hospitals were established for it. The ambulance and hospital train was kept in park near the Fifth Corps hospitals, ready for any emergency. No general engagement took place from this time until the 27th, but skirmishing and artillery duels wer Page 239 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAX TO THE JAMES. 239 Constalitly going on, and wounded were brought into the hospitals every hour. In the mean time the following circular had been re- ceived: CIRCULAR.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, May 22, 18649.15 a. m. Instructions have been given to return all empty wagons now at Fredericksburg and Belle Plain Landing loaded, after which, so soon as the wounded are removed from Fredericksbur,, that place and Belle Plain will be abandoned, and the depot will be established at Port Royal, on the Rappahannock. By command of Major-General Meade: S. WILLIAMS, Assistctnt Adjutant-General. This circular was immediately sent to Dr. Dalton, with directions to have the purveyors boats and barges transferred at once to Port Royal, and to send hospital tents and furniture as fast as they could be spared by the removal of wounded from Fredericksburg. On the 24th of May a train was organized for the purpose of conveying wounded from the field hospitals to Port Royal, Surg. A. J. Phelps, U. S. Volunteers, being placed in charge, with orders to proceed to Port Royal and superintend the operations of the medical depart- ment at that place until Dr. Dalton should arrive. The number sent was as follows: Corps. Sick. Wounded. ~mbu- wagons. 5econda 157 283 2 53 Fifth 60 225 21 53 68 10 19 2 Total 291 521 42 108 a Including those left at Milford on the 22d. Army wagons were used to as great an extent as pQssible in this train, as a great battle seemed imminent, and it was desirable to keep every ambulance at the front. The wagons were bedded with boughs and blankets in the usual manner, and the customary detail of medi- cal officers and nurses, with three days rations and a supply of dressings and hospital stores were furnished. The train rendez- voused at Milford, near which point the main trains of the army were pa~ked. A cavalry escort of 400 men accompanied it, and it reached Port Royal without molestation by dusk on the 25th. On the 26th of May an issue of rations was made to the troops, and the empty wagons thus obtained were used to remove sick and wounded to the rear, the field hospitals being thus eniptied and ready for the movement to the Pamunkey on the 27th. The number sent was as follows: Corps. Sick. Wounded. 1~JnbW Wagons. Second 88 232 2 56 Fifth 24 114 2 44 Ninth 49 6 4 101 131 30 8 Total 262 477 4~ 112 This train was loaded by daybreak on the 27th, and moxred directly to Port Royal, arriving at that place without hinderance before dark Page 240 240 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CRAP. XLVILI. On the 25th [24th] of May an order wa~ issued by Lieutenant-Gen- eral Grant, adding the Ninth ~orps to the Army of the Potomac, and Surg. J. E. MacDonald, U. S. Volunteers, the medical director of the corps, reported to this office for instructions. An inspection of the medical department of this corps by Asst. Surg. J. S. Billings, U. S. Army, revealed the following facts: This corps had mo ved from Annapolis on the last of April, 1864, before any organization had been effected ; had marched and fought almost constantly since that time. New troops had been joining it almost daily, and it was very difficult to ascertain even the number of men in the command. The means of transportation possessed by the corps was entirely too small even to furnish the rations and ammunition required, and of course none could or would be spayed for the medical department. The greater number of the regimental surgeons had drawn a full three months regimental supply at Annapolis, which had to be left behind, and the only medical supplies with the corps were contained in the hospital knapsacks, in a few medicine chests, and panniers which were carried by sufferance in the wagons appropriated to offi- cers baggage, which were almost9 always inaccessible and useless, and in twelve Dunton medicine wagons. The organization of the ambulance corps had been commenced, but was still very imperfect. The number of ambulances required by law had been obtained in Washington, but many of them were broken and badly in need of repair, the greater part of the stretchers were missing, very few had water-kegs, and no hospital stores were carried in the ambulance boxes. Citizens had been hired as drivers for the ambulances, but the majority of them had deserted at Fredericksburg, and their places filled by the stretcher-bearers. The details of stretcher- bearers were very incomplete, and many of them already detailed seemed to have been selected on account of their worthlessness in other situations. The stretcher-bearers did not follow the regiments into battle, but remained with the ambulances, the evil results of which can readily be appreciated. Means of transportation being wanting, no hospital tents, stores, or supplies could be carried; a few tents had been borrowed, and the Dunton wagons furnished all their supplies. The medical staff of the field division hospitals had been arraiiged on the same basis as that of the rest of the army. All other medical officers were ordered to remain within 300 yards of the line of battle at all times. It was not possible to supply means of transportation at this time, and consequently useless to furnish tents or stores, but requisitions were ordered to be prepared that they might be furnished as soon as a more permanent base of supplies should be reached. The proper organization of the ambulance corps was also urged forward as fast as possible, but much delay occurred in procuring the necessary de- tails, and nearly a month passed away before they were complete. The first train of wounded, of which Dr. Phelps was in charge, reached Port Royal, as has been before stated, on the evening of the 25th. The steamer Hugh Jenkins, loaded with hospital supplies, under charge of Assistant Surgeon Jaquett, U. S. Army, had reached that point a few hours before, as had also a large load of stores belonging to the Sanitary Commission. Colonel Cuyler had also arrived, bringing with him a number of medical offi~ers, who were immediately employed in dressing the wounded. No buildings had beeii prepared for their reception, and as it was raining heavily it was thought best to leave them in the wagons and ambulance Page 241 (IHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 241 during the night, hot coffee, soup, & c., being served to them. On the 26th, they were removed from the wagons into houses, and made as comfortable as possible. No transports arrived during the day, the steamer Western Metropolis, which had been destined for that purpose, being unable to come farther up the river than Tap- pahannock. All the wounded were dressed and well fed during the day. Early in the morning of the 27th, 700 slightly sick and wounded were placed on board the quartermasters transport City of Alton, and started for Washington. About noon the hospital transport Connecticut arrived, and all the more serious cases were at once placed on board of her. She took 1,000 wounded to Washington. The second train of wounded arrived in the evening, and they were at once placed on the Connecticut and State of Maine, which had ar- rived during the afternoon, the latter vessel carrying 400 patients. The total number of patients sent from Port Royal was, therefore, 2,100; the number reported by corps inspectors, as sent from field hospitals, was 1,551; the number straggling was, therefore, 549. After the departure of the State of Maine all the hospital stores were loaded on the barges, and when Dr. Dalton arrived, on the 28th, he found orders waiting for him directing him to proceed to White House. The total loss to the army during this period is shown by the fob lowing statement: Killed (by regimental report) 223 Wounded, sent off 1,460 Missing (by regimental report) 290 Total killed, wounded, and missing 1,973 Sick sent from army 650 Total loss 2,623 SCHEDULE G.Consolidated statement of wounds receired at the battle of the North Anna Rirer, May 21 to 26, 1864. Locality of wounds, & c. 5econd Fifth Ninth Corps. Corps. Corps. Total. Head and face 46 45 21 112 Neck 11 12 1 24 ~ ~ 4 40 thorax 33 28 17 75 Thdoinen 31 15 7 53 iack and hips 35 23 3 61 erineurn and genitals 3 1 3 7 superior extremities 162 96 68 236 uferior extremities 167 125 61 35:3 .arge arteries and nerves 1 1 2 Total 516 345 185 1,046 )eaths in field hospitals 16 19 13 48 ;hell wounds 35 54 6 95 ~annon-shot wounds 3 3 ullet wounds ... bLyonet wounds word wounds .mputations i4 26 :xcisions ~ ~ ~ 22 .ggregate strength present 18,559 16,287 16,813 51,659 Yedical officers present 140 121 70 331 illed (by regimental report) 110 a78 35 223 .Tounded (by regimental report) 556 356 191 1,103 Tissing (by regimental report) 128 a90 72 290 )fficers wounded 30 15 7 52 a Estimated. 16 R 11VOL xxxvi, PT Page 242 242 OPERATIONS It{ SE. VA. AND N. C. COHAP. XLVIII. SECTION IV. Operations between the Pamunkey and Chickahominy, and at White House, Va., May 27 to June 15, 1864. During the movement from the North Anna to the Painunkey the ambulances and hospital trains moved in the same manner as in the march from Spotsylvania Court-House, a few ambulances remaining in rear of each division, and the remainder filled with slightly sick and wounded accompanying the main trains. The Cavalry Corps had by this time retnrned from the Richmond expedition, and two divisions moved in advance. A large number of the horses had become so mnch exhausted as to die on the road, along which they were scattered at tolerably regular intervals of from ~50 to 100 yards, and the infantry following had the full benefit of the results of their putrefaction. This march of 30 miles was made rapidly over very dusty roads and on a hot and sultry day, and the number of~ men who fell out of the ranks was very large. All the ambulances were filled to overflowing, and a few men were unavoidably left behind. On the afternoon the cavalry engaged the enemy near Haws or Harris Shop, and had about 250 wounded. The advance hospital was at a small house near Haws Shop, and the greater part of the operating and dressing required was performd at this point. The medical officers of this hospital, under the direction of Asst. Surg. George M. McGill, U. S. Army, displayed great gallantry, as the hospital at times was under heavy fire, several shells striking the building, and one falling urtder the operating table, fortunately, however, without exploding. As the hospital train of the Cavalry Corps had moved with the main trains of the army to Dunkirk, and had not, up to this time, joined the command, the wounded were at first placed in a large house and outbuildings belonging to Mrs. Newton, near the Pamunkey, and distant about 2 miles from the scene of action. Ten men, who had been wounded on the previous day in a slight skirmish at Hanovertown, were also placed at this point. The medical director of the Fifth Corps was directed to assume the charge of these wounded, and the hospital of the Third Division was soon established on the beautiful shaded lawn in front of the house, beds made of corn husks found in the vicinity, food prepared, and the wounded made comfortable in the usual manner. During the 29th, the arniy moved into position on Totopotomoy Creek. Locations were selected for the field hospitals, and ambulance roads cut through the woods to the front. As the train of the medical purveyor had come up, advantage was taken of the days quiet to replenish the hospital sup- plies. Surgeon Pease, U. S. Volunteers, medical director Cavalry Corps, joined his command on the 29th. The Fifth Corps hospitals were established near Mrs. Newtons, those of the Second and Sixth Corps in an open space about I mile east of the latter point. On the 30th, the cavalry moved to Cold Harbor, where they had a sharp engagement. The infantry also had a series of skirmishing and partial engagements during the day, from which about 500 wounded were received into the field hospitals. The hospital train of the Cavalry Corps had by this time been brought up, amid supplies were ample. The train of medical purveyor, filled to its utmos Page 243 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 243 capacity, was at Hanovertown during the day, and all medical officers were duly notified of his position and ordered to replenish their supplies. on the 31st, the skirmishing continued, and, the Second Corps ad- vancing, a brisk fight ensued about 4 p. in., from which 732 wounded were brought in. The depot hospital boats and barges, to- gether with the transports conveying the Eighteenth Corps, had arrived at White House on the 30th, and during the afternoon of the 31st a traiii of ambulaiices and army wagons was organized in the usual manner for the purpose of conveying the wounded and seriously sick of the army to that point. The train was under the charge of Asst. Surg. M. J. Asch, U. S. Army, and had as an escort several regiments of the Pennsylvania Reserves whose term of serv- ice had expired and who were on their way Nprth. The number sent was as follows: corps. Sick. Wounded. Second 96 486 Fifth 525 Sixth 58 14 Ninth 40 76 Total 194 1,101 The train crossed the river at Hanovertown during the day and moved down the north bank of the river, as the direct road on the south side was not considered safe. It reached a point opposite White House on the 2d of June. Three hundred wounded of the Cavalry Corps were sent by the direct road, and reached White House on the 1st. During the iiight of the 31st of May the Sixth Corps moved from the right to Cold Harbor, passing behind the army via Old Church. The Eighteenth Corps, which had made a forced march from White House, joined it on The morning of June 1, and during the afternoon a general engagement took place. The Sixth Corps hospitals were located in the edge of a grove of pines on the south side of the Cold Harbor and Old Church road near Burnetts house. Tents were pitched and supplies on hand as usual. The Eighteenth Corps was entirely without tents or supplies, except such as were carried in hos- pital knapsacks, and had but eighteen ambulances. Their wounded were collected on a hill-side near Kellys house, one-half mile north- east of Cold Harbor. The number of wounded brought in during the day was as follows: Second Corps 174 Fifth Corps Sixth Corps Ninth Corps 49 Eighteenth Corps a 800 Total 2,125 A part of the ambulances of the Sixth Corps were employed in bringing in the wounded of the Eighteenth, and, as the hospital train of the former contained a full supply for at least 4,000 wounded, orders were given to Dr. Suckley, the medical director of the Eight- a The medical director, Eighteenth Corps, reports the number of wounded as 429, but this is almost certainly an error Page 244 244 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. eenth Corps, to obtain a full supply of all necessary articles from that source. An order was also issued to the medical director by Major-p.. General Wright, commanding Sixth Corps, that any commissary ~41 the corps should furnish whatever rations might be required for by ~ Dr. Suckley. The only means of shelter which could be furnished were such shelter-tents as could be picked up on the battle-field, and small arbors of evergreens, which served to keep off the suns rays. The Eighteenth Corps was on the right of the Sixth, and between it and the Fifth there was an interval of about 2 miles. A number of the wounds in the Sixth Corps were caused by our own artillery, which was so posted as to fire over the heads of the troops. The Fifth Corps hospitals, near Mrs. Newtons, were broken up on the morning of the 1st, the wounded having been sent off in the train before mentioned, and were re-established during the day near Mrs. Vias house, in open ground, with good and abundant supply of water. The Second Corps hospital was broken up in the afternoon, and followed the corps, which moved during the night by Allens Mill, and took up positiou on the left of the Sixth Corps, its left being backwards and resting on a marsh called Elder Swamp. The First and Second Divisions, Cavalry Corps, picketed from the left of the Second Corps to Bottoms Bridge, on the Chickahominy, while the Third Division extended from the right of the Ninth Corps toward the Pamunkey. The trains of the army moved to Andersons, one- half mile from Parsleys Mill General headquarters on the night of June 1 was at Mrs. Vias; early in the morning of the 2d it moved to the vicinity of the Sixth Corps hospital, 1 mile east of Cold Harbor. During the 2d of June the battle continued, the Sixth and Eighteenth Corps being those chiefly engaged. The men of the Second Corps were exhausted by the march of the previous night, and did little more than get into position. The Ninth Corps was withdrawn during the forenoon, and moved into line in the gap between the Fifth and Eighteenth Corps. Its hospitals were located near Woodys. This withdrawal exposed the hospitals of the Fifth Corps, and they were moved dur- ing the afternoon, at 3 p. in., to the point at which the Prospect Church road crosses the south branch of Matadequin Creek. This location was selected by Major-General Warren, who was deceived as to its relative position by the extremely erroneous maps of that part of the country. It was 5 miles from the line of battle of the corps, and had no good and safe road from it to the front. This hospital was just moved in time, as the enemy occupied the ground around Vias house by 5 p. m. The right wing of the Fifth Corps was attacked about 4p. in., and partially outflanked, the regular bri- gade at that point suffering severely. The Second Corps hospital was established in the evening on the bank of a small creek, one-half mile south of Allens Mill, and directly opposite the Sixth Corps hospitals. Four hundred wounded were brought in the aumbulances from the previous location. The number of wounded brought into the field hospitals during the day was as follows: Second Corps 20 Fifth Corps 50 Sixth Corps 952 Ninth Corps 190 Eighteenth Corps 850 Cavalry Corps 45 Total 2,10 Page 245 ~QThAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 245 The day was hot and sultry, and whenever troops or wagons were moving the dust hung in dense clouds. About 5 p. in., however, it began to rain, and continued to do so with slight intermissions all night, which was a great comfort to the men and animals. By order of General Meade, a full issue of rations was made to the troops on the evening of the 2d, and the empty wagons resulting were turned ove~ to the medical department for transportation of wounde~l. A train of army wagons and ambulances was organized on the morning of the 3d, in the usual manner and under the usual orders, the num- bers sent being as follows: Second Corps 768 Fifth Corps 235 Sixth Corps 790 Ninth Corps Eighteenth Corps 300 Total 2,177 At 5.30 a. m. a general attack was made by the army on the enemys works. Their works consisted of tiers of rifle-pits, behind which were a continuous line of breast-works, solidly constructed of pine logs and earth, the top log raised in some instances so that the miis- kets might be fired under it. The Second Corps at first met with partial success, carrying the first line of works, but these were so enfiladed that they were compelled to fall back, leaving a large num- ber of dead and wounded. The number of wounded brought off was as follows: Second Corps 1,280 Fifth Corps 322 Sixth Corps 489 Ninth Corps 646 Eighteenth Corps Oavalry Corps 28 Total 2,980 The hospitals of the Fifth, Sixth, and Second Corps were fully repared for the emergency, and their supply was so complete that hey were able to spare freely for the necessities of the other corps. Uhe us~al results of the lack of an ambulance organization were ainfully perceptible in the Eighteenth Corps, 2 or 3 soldiers leav- ug the ranks with each severely wounded man, and forgetting to eturn, while the roads and woods were lined with stragglers, as the ;lightly wounded preferred to go back to White House on foot rather han to go to a hospital where they knew there was~ no shelter and )ut scanty supplies. A part of the stores of the Eighteenth Corps arrived from White ouse during the day, and among them forty hospital-tent flies, rhich, being pitched end to end and the sides fastened to a railing aised 2 feet from the ground, formed a series of very excellent hos- dtal wards. About 1,100 wounded were left on the field from the ays engagement, it being impossible to remove them, as they rere between the lines and completely covered by the enemys harpshooters. The result of the battle was not decisive, the enemy etaining his original position at nightfall, while the hostile lines rere at some points not more than 100 yards apart, each being rotected by breast-works of logs and earth. On the 4th of Jun Page 246 246 OPF~ATION5 IN SE. VA. AND N. (3. [UPAP. XLVIiI. there was no fighting, except an occasional skirmish between the pickets. The day was occnpied in collecting and bringing in from the field as many of the wonnded from the preceding days battle as could be gotten at. The number brought in was as follows: Second Corps 4~44 Fifth Corps :122 Sixth Corps . ~ 154 Ninth Corps 25 Eighteenth Corps 706 Total 1,701 One hundred empty army wagons, obtained from the reserve sup- ply train on the morning of the 4th, were divided equally among the several corps, and the corps medical directors were ordered to send all wounded to White House, using one-half of their ambulances if necessary. Forty-three new ambulances, which reported on tbe morning of the 4th, were sent to the medical director of the Eight- eenth Corps to assist in the same work. Each medical director also had all of the corps empty wagons. All the trains were loaded and on the way by 2 p. in., the nnmber being sent was as follows: Ambu- corps. Sick. Wounded. Wagons. lances. Second 17 606 29 84 Fifth 43 420 66 40 Ninth 87 639 60 64 5ixth 14 729 75 58 Eighteenth 400 25 43 16 Total 2,794 255 289 No engagement of consequence occurred after this time, and the position of the corps and hospitals remained comparatively uii- changed for the following week. The hospitals of the Second Corps were moved to the Tyler house on the 7th, an open elevated loca- tion, with excellent water. The wounded and seriously sick were sent back to White House ahuost daily, the total numbers sent from June 5 to June 13 being as follows: Corps. Sick. Wounded. Total. Second 631 976 1,607 Fifth 75 55 130 Sixth 157 178 335 Ninth 461 203 664 Eighteenth 138 904 1,042 Total 1,462 2,316 3,778 The number of sick in the army increased largely during the first half of June, and the severity of cases became greater. The con- stant labor and watchfulness of the previous month began to mani- fest its effects. The country was low and marshy in character, the water derived almost entirely from surface drainage, and the con- dition of the men in the trenches very bad, in a sanitary point of view. For over a month they had had no vegetables, and the beef used was from cattle who were exhausted by the long march throug Page 247 CITAP. XLVIII.] IRAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 247 a country but scantily provided with forage. The men had to lie close behind the breast-works to avoid the sharpshooters, as it was almost certain death to expose ones person at certain parts of the line, and their cooking was imperfect and of the simplest description. Dead horses and offal of various kinds were scattered over the country everywhere, and between the lines were many dead bodies of either party unburied and decomposing in the burning sun. A large num- ber of recruits joined the army at this place, and contributed greatly to swell the sick list. Malarial and typho-malarial fevers and (liar- rhea were the prevailing diseases. No distinct cases of scurvy were observed at this time, but a scorbutic taint was undoubtedly affect- ing the army and depressing its health and spirits. In view of these facts the following letter was addressed to the commanding general: HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Near Cold Harbor, Va., June 5,1864. Major-General MEADE, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I respectfully call your attention to the folloxving facts relative to the present condition and future prospects, in a sanitary point of view, of the troops composing this army: The army has been marching and fighting thirty-two consecutive days, in which time no vegetable rations have been issued, and has now reached a region of country notoriously miasmatic and unhealthy. The water now used by the troops is entirely derived from surface drainage and is saturated with organic mat- ter derived from decaying vegetable tissues. The ground around many camps is strexvn with dead and decomposing horses and mules, and with the hides and offal of slaughtered beef-cattle. Very few regiments provided sinks for the men, and their excreta are deposited upon hill sides to be washed from thence into the streams, thus furnishing an additional source bf contamination to the water. As is to be expected, under such circumstances, sickness is increasing in the army, diar- rhea being especially prevalent. I need hardly recall to your remembrance the re- sults produced by the causes above mentioned in the Army of the Potomac, during the Peninsular campaign of the summer of 1862, nor point out the necessity of taking immediate measures to obviate these evils as far as possible. The most urgent need now exists of an issue of vegetables to the troops, and if military necessity forbid this being done from our present base, measures should be taken for sending such supplies from our next depotamong the very first supplies brought up. Chickahominy fever may be in a great measure prevented, but when it has once ccurred its subjects are lost to the army so far as this campaign is concerned. I xvould also suggest that immediate measures be taken to insure the burial of dead animals and offals, tbe proper preparation of sinks, and the thorough police gen- erally of camps and men throughout the army. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THS. A. McPARLIN, Surgeon U. S. Army, Medical Director, Army of the Potomac. Every exertion was made to carry out the suggestions of the let- ter as far as possible, and with good effect. A large quantity of fresh vegetables were brought to White House, and the hospitals at that point fully supplied. These vegetables we~ e also sent to the troops in as large quantities as the means of transportation avail- able for the commissary department would allow, but the supply thus furnished was not large, as all the wagons were fully employed in bringing the supply of marching rations up to the campaign standard. The camp and personal police of the troops was also irn- proved as far as possible, offal was buried, sinks dug, & c. On the 6th of June application was made to the general commanding the Confederate forces for a truce of two hours, for the purpose of col- lecting the wounded and burying the dead who were lying ~betwee Page 248 248 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. the lines. This truce took place on the 7th, between 6 and 8 p. in., at which time all the ambulances were sent out, accompanied by medical officers. Very few wouuded were collected, the greater number having died of their wounds and exposure, hunger and thirst. The dead were in most cases so niuch decomposed as not to be recognized and were buried where they lay. From the 5th to the 12th of June the army remained comparatively quiet behind its works, and the men were enabled to obtain that re- pose which they so much needed. Along the greater part of the line there was a truce between the pickets and very little firing occurred. The First and Second Divisions of the Cavalry Corps were with- drawn on the 5th and 6th and passed to the rear and right of the army, and moved off on the 7th toward Gordonsville, the design of the expedition being to co-operate with General Hunters command, and by capturing Gordonsville to inflict a severe blow npon the enemys communications. An account of this expedition by Surgeon Pease, U. S. Volunteers, is herewith forwarded. In the mean time supplies of all kinds were being hurried up from White House as rapidly as possible and reorganization of the troops was effected. Large re-enforce- ments reached the army during this period, and were distributed among the several corps and divisions, while regiments whose term of service had expired were leaving almost daily. Some of the most skillful and experienced medical men were thus lost to the army, and the weeks rest enabled the corps medical directors to make the changes and appointments in the medical staff which had thus been rendered necessary. Notwithstanding the great and frequent requisitions made upon them the supplies of the medical department continued perfect and full, and very little exertion was requisite to place them ~n the same standard as on the 1st of May. The new regiments arriving had, of course, no supplies, but as they entered at once into a well estab- lished organization, and in fact only took the places of those who had been left by the preceding battles, they found everything pre- pared for them and no lack existed anywhere. The sick and slightly wounded were treated at the field hospitals, regular sick- call occurring twice a day. The ambulance horses were especially benefited by this interval of rest, and by the long forage which was furnished at this time, the fir~t since the crossing of the Rap- idan. On the 7th of June our line was shortened by the withdrawal of the Fifth Corps from the right to the rear of the center. On the 8th, this corps passed over to the left and held Long Bridge and the Chickahominy at that point. This was preparatory to another movement by the left flank, which should carry the army to the south side of the James River and effect its junction with General Butlers command at Bermuda Hundred. On the 12th of June this movement commenced and was completed by the 16th, no obstruc- tion or mishap occurring in the meanwhile. The Eighteenth Corps moved to White House, and, embarking on transports, returned to General Butlers command, it~ connection with the Army of the Po- tomac ceasing from this date. A special transport was furnished the medical department of this corps, on which the hospital tents and stores and the sick and slightly wounded Were placed Page 249 CHAP. XLVIIJ.I RAPJDAN TO THE JAMES. 249 An estimate of the number of wounded, killed, and missing of the army during this period is given in the following statement: Wounded (by classified returns), not including those of the Eighteenth Corps 7,545 Wounded and straggling and unrecorded 900 Total wounded, Eighteenth Corps excluded 8,445 Killed (by regimental report), Eighteenth Corps excluded 1,420 Missing (by regimental report), Eighteenth Corps excluded 1,804 Total loss ................ . 11,729 Wounded, Eighteenth Corps (estimated) 1,900 Killed and missing, Eighteenth Corps (estimated) 500 Total killed, wounded, and missing 13 129 Sick sent to Northern hospitals 3,000 Total loss 16,129 The battles around Cold Harbor consisted of a series of attacks upon strong lines of earth-works an(l our loss was relatively large. As the army did not move for several days after the chief engage- mnent the medical department was enabled to properly care for and remove all of the wounded, and to keep the field supply full and unimpaired. The lack of Tuedical officers, although still felt, was somewhat relieved by the return of those who had been left with wounded in the Wilderness and at Fredericksburg, while the facili- ties presented at White House for the rapid removal of wounded rendered it unnecessary to keep so large a part~of the medical staff at the depot hospital as had before been requisite. Forty-eight new ambulances, eight Autenrieth medicine wagons, and the required horses and harness, were received during this period, and more than repaired all the losses experienced since the beginning of the cam- paign. Wheu the army moved across the James the medical depart- ment was better orgamzed and equipped than wheu it crossed the Rapidan, all the parts of the machine working so smoothly that the account of its operations becomes somewhat monotonous, as no vari- ation or obstruction took place in its movement. On the 31st of May Dr. Dalton, with the depot hospital staff and supplies, arrived at White House, on the Pamunkey River. Assist- ant Surgeon Mackenzie, U. S. Army, arrived at the same date, with two steamers and three barges filled with medical supplies, includ- ing the three-months supply which had been required for on the 23d of April. As the Eighteenth Corps had arrived, and occupied the country in front, Dr. Dalton was able to commence unloading his stores and establishing the hospital immediately, and as the banks of the river at this point are nearly perpendicular, it was found easy to bring the boats close inshore and to commence operations without waiting for the construction of wharves. The tents were pitched on a level plateau just below the ruins of White House, elevated about 20 feet above the surface of the river. The ground was low and flat, with marshy spots scattered here and there, and with few or no facilities for drainage; fortunately, however, the weather continued hot and dry during the Pine that the hospital continued at this point, and no difficulties arose from the nufavor- able nature of the site. Springs in the river lzank furnished an abundant supply of excellent water, rind the sj.ipply boats were but a few yards distant. About 100 hospital tentsz were pitched by the following day. A train containing about 300 wounded from th Page 250 [cHAP. XLViII6 250 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C~ Cavalry Corps arrived in the afternoon, and the men were placed directly on board the, hospital transports Connecticut and State of Maine, which were waiting to receive them. The large train under charge of Assistant Surgeon Asch, U. S. Army, which had moved down the north bank of the river, arrived at the railroad bridge in the evening, but were unable to cross for twenty-four hours, the bridge being uiisafe. The wounded remaining in the wagons were fed, and as far as possible dressed in that position. When the train crossed the wounded were loaded directly upon the hospital trans- p?rts, which held all but about 200, these last being put into hos- pital. The transports carried 1,291 wounded to Washington on the even- ing of the 2d. The usual assortment of slightly wouiided, sick, and malingerers began to straggle in on the 3d, and were immediately set to work to arrange the hospital. On the 4th, wo~inded were arriving all day1,254 were sent directly to Washington on quar- termasters transports; the remainder, 1,460, were placed in hospital. It was very difficult to obtain a sufficient number of nnrses and at- tendants to care properly for the wounded on these transports, a requisition was therefore made upon the Sanitary Commission; a number of good nurses were obtained. The original plan of the hospital had been to have each corps hospital pitched by itself, and removed to some distance from the others, and they had thus been widely scattered for the sake of securing ground free from marsh or ditches. On the 4th of June, however, an order was issued by General Abercrombie that all the hospitals should be brought within the line of fortification; this ren- dered them somewhat crowded, and caused much confusion and extra labor. The tents were pitched by twos en echelon, forming a series of rhombs. The following will give an idea of the plan pursued. * The wharves from which the wounded were placed on transports were distant only about 150 yards, which rendered their shipment very easy. On the 5th and 6th, wounded continued to arrive in large numbers, and the resources of the hospital were taxed to their utmost to provide accommodation and shelter for them. Many of the slightly wounded were sent directly off upon transports furnished by t~i e quartermasters department. Medical officers and nurses were detailed to accompany them, three days rations and medical stores supplied, and one or two large caldrons placed on board of each ves- sel for culinary purposes. Each transport was well policed and bedded with straw before the wounded were placed on board. On the evening of June 6 a telegram was received from the Sur- geon-General directing that wounded should henceforth be sent only on the regular hospital transports, but this was revoked the follow- ing day, upon the representation of Dr. Dalton that this would delay the removal of wounded at least two weeks, and seriously embarrass the movements of the army. The regular hospital transports were used for the serious cases, and very few were sent by other means who were unable to walk from the hospital to the boats. The re- moval of the wounded went on steadily and rapidly, as is shown by the consolidated daily report of the White House hospitals, which is here given, and by ~he 14th of June the hospitals were empty, the tents and stores packed on barges, and everything in readiness for a movement to the new baseCity Point. The condition of the wounded at White House was very good, far * Diagram omitted Page 251 CHAP. XLViIi.] BAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 2o1 better than it had been at Fredericksburg. The roads by which the wounded were brought from the front, a distance of about 10 miles, were good and generally level, so that little suffering or exhaustion was caused by the trip. Supplies of every kind were abundant and readily accessible; ice was freely supplied from ice-houses in the vicinity; soft bread was furnished after the 5th of June, and straw supplied on and after the 7th. No hospital gangrene made its ap- pearance, and very little erysipelas. When this hospital had beconie fairly established, and it was ap- parent that its organization would be somewhat permanent, the magnitude of the interests involved rendered it necessary that special officers should be assigned to duty in it, in charge of the commissary and quartermasters departments, respectively. The state of the case having been represented to General Meade, an order was issued on the 10th, directiiig Captain Jones, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Volunteers, and Captain Talbot, assistant commissary of subsistence, U. S. Volunteers, to report to Dr. Dalton for duty connected with their respective departments. They entered upon their duties on the 13th, and their subsequent labors contributed largely to the suc- cess and prosperity of the h9spital. On the 11th, preparations began for a move. As fast as the tents could be emptied they were taken down, and by the 14th the hospital was packed and ready to move. Each corps organization was kept separate, and had a separate barge allotted to it for its transportation. The depot hospital boats and barges, together with those of the medical purveyor, moved on the 15th, passing first to the vicinity of Jamestown Island, and finally reaching City Point without accident on the evening of the 17th. The (lepot at White House was not entirely broken up, however, the train of the Cavalry Corps, and rations, forage, ammunition, being retained, guarded by the force under General Abercrombie, until the Cavalry Corps should return from its Gordonsville expedition. SCHEDULE 11.Consolidated return of wounds received in battles between the Pamunkey and James Rivers, May 28 to June 15, 1864. Location of wounds, & c. 5econd rifth 5ixth Ninth cavalry Total Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Head and face 240 114 [ 332 119 65 870 Neck 40 12 53 19 20 144 160 49 124 52 37 422 Thorax 154 60 135 109 60 518 Abdomen 102 31 81 ~is 28 287 Back and hips 179 60 122 79 34 474 Perineum and genitals 17 4 3 9 9 42 Superior extremities 775 275 567 381 177 2,175 Inferior extremities 1,609 290 728 385 195 2,607 Large arteries or nerves 5 1 6 Total 5hell wounds Cannon-shot wounds Bullet wounds Amputations Excisions Aggregate strength present Medical officers Killed (by regimental report) Wounded (by regimental report) Missing (by regimental report) Deaths in field hospitals Officers wounded 2,681 896 2,145 1,198 625 7,545 88 226 136 58 27 535 4 7 9 5 2 27. 2,544 660 1,995 1,023 581 6,803 176 91 214 121 31 20 29 32. 18 15 114 25,757 21,219 20.920 14,718 14,180 96,794 166 142 117 78 57 560 531 alOO 400 246 143 1,420 2,453 977 2,200 1,386 738 7,754 862 a300 220 296 186 1.864 80 26 55 35 16 212 156 47 70 61 47 381 No report from the Eighteenth Corps received. a Estimated Page 252 CDaAO~~.. CD a a a ~ . o~a~a ~ . ~ v~Aa ~ ~CDCDa aaaa~a~ u CD a a c~ n c~ ~aa~ ~aa Returned to duty. Died. Sick. Wounded. Sick and wounded officers. Total. C. a CDCD~C. anaa~ K ~~aa CD ~ CD ~ CD -~ C~ ~ an CD a-~ ~a an a~ aoan-~ I~ ~D a~ u a -~ n n CD a Medicalofficerspresent. ~ ~ a~.a-~a .~ C~CD~CD CD~CD~ C~O~ a -~aaa aCD-~CD Civilian medical officers present. Women. Men. z a CD a CD CD a ~ ~CD lCD CD CD ai a a a Sick. Wounded. Sick and wounded officers. Total. Sick. Wounded. Sick and wounded officers. Total. From corps hospitals. Straggling in and not accounted for on hospital report. Total. ~CD CD CD CD a CD CD. ~1CDe+ ~ aa CD ~ CD CD ~ CD CD CD~~1 ~CDCD ~ ~CD CD~ ~ aCD~ CD ~CD ~+ CD CD. CD ~ CD~ 0 ~ CD ~ ~5 CD~J~ ~ ~OCD e~ 0 ~CDCD ~CD~ . CD U~ c+e4. CDCD ~CD0 CD U2 o ~ CD e+ ~ ~ ~CD ~CD CD CD CD C.: C.: CD ~CD CD~ ~ CD CDCD 0 ~ CD C.: ~ CD CD CD C.: CD~ INV 0 0 z z z CD CC. CD CD~ CD ~. CD~ CDCD ~CD ~ CD l~ CD CD CD CD CD CD a a a a CD a CD C.: CD a CD CD a CD a CD Page 253 CHAP. XLVIJI.1 EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 253 The transportation of the medical department which moved with the troops was, therefore, one-half of the ambulances, one medicine wagon to each division, and one hospital wagon to each brigade, the remainder moving with the main trains to Windsor (or Window) Shades on the Chickahominy. In the latter were sent such sick and wounded as were not thought to be proper subjects for general hos- pital, medical officers and supplies accompanying them. During the march a few ambulances followed directly in rear of each divis- ion to pick up sick and exhausted men, the remainder with medicine and hospital wagons moved with the corps artillery. Owing to the hot weather of the preceding month, the Chickahominy was low, and its famous swamps were intersected by hard and dry but very dusty roads. The number of stragglers was large, as the march was a long one and rapidly made, but all the worst cases were picked up by the ambulances, and it is believed that very few, if any, were perma- nently lost. The only engagement during the movement was a skirmish at White Oak Swamp bridge by the Third Division, Cav- alry Corps; the Third Division, Fifth Corps, participating also to some extent. One hundred and ten wounded resulted, all of whom were brought along in the ambi2ances after having been dressed and operated on on the field. All of the ambulances and hospital wagons were on the south bank of the James by the evening of the 16th, having crossed by the pomi- toon bridge below Wind-Mill Point. Ninety wounded and 30 sick of the Third Division, Cavalry Corps, were left at Wilcoxs Wharf with medical officers, attendants, and supplies, and on the 17th were sent to the general hospitals at Fortress Monroe by the quartermas- ter transport Old Massachusetts. The movement from the James to the position taken up in front of Petersburg was rapidly made, in hot and sultry weather. The troops were fatigued and fell out of the ranks in large numbers, especially from the Ninth Corps. Many cases of heat apoplexy occurred, and all of the ambulances were filled to overflowing. The assault made by the Second Corps on the afternoon of the 16th resulted in heavy loss, and but a part of the wounded could be brought in, as the chief part of the ambulances and all the hospital wagons had not come up. Five hundred and forty-five wounded were collected at Dr. Baileys house, which af- forded a shelter for the worst cases. Soup and hard bread were distributed, and operating and dressing went on during the night. The train came up about 10 p. m. ; tents were immediately pitched, and the ambulance corps set to work to bring in the rest of the wounded. During the 17th all were brought in, placed under shelter, and well cared for, the number in the field hospitals at nightfall being as follows: Second Army Corps 1, Ot$4 Fifth Army Corps Ninth Army Corps 87 Total 1, ~ The Fifth Corps took up position on the 17th, and its hospitals were established on the Prince George Court-House road south of Dr. Baileys. Those of the Ninth Corps near Dunns house, one-half mile farther west. On the afternoon of the 18th, a general attac Page 254 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAT. XLVIII. 254 was made on the enemys works, and the following nnmber of wonnded were brought in to the field hospitals by 8 p. in.: Second Army Corps 558 Fifth Army Corps 1,001 Sixth Army Corps Ninth Army Corps Total 2,722 Supplies of every kind were plentiful, bnt the hospitals by this time were filled to overflowing. Notice having been received that Dr. Dalton, with the depot hospital tents and stores, had arrived at City Point, a train of wonnded were sent on the morning of the 19th. Army wagons and ambniances were nsed, bedded, loaded, and furnished with stores and attendants in the usual manner. The nnmber sent being as follows: Corps. Wounded. Ambulances. Wagons. Second 2,100 86 193 Fifth 618 .36 5ixth 21 7 Ninth 976 57 30 Total 3,715 246 Dnring the 19th, 1,656 wonnded were bronght in from the field and cared for in the hospitals. On the 21st, the Second Corps moved to the left and its hospitals were established near Smiths house, on the Jerusalem plank road. The Third Division of the Cavalry Corps had moved in the mean time still farther to the left for the purpose of cutting the Weldon and South Side railroads. As no reports have been received from the surgeon-in-chief of this division, it is not pos- sible to give any account of the operations of the medical depart- ment of the command, but it is known that two medicine wagons filled with supplies were captured by the enemy, and that the greater part of the wounded also fell into their hands. An attempt was made to recover these wounded by the medical director of the Sixth Corps, but only 10 or 12 could be found, the remainder having been taken to Petersburg. From this time until the latter part of July, the army was coni- paratively quiet, and the position of the field hospitals remained unchanged. The period of comparative inactivity from July 21, 1864, was spent in reorganizing and supplying the army, and the rest was much needed by the men. Although in front of the en- emy everything was comparatively quiet (with the exception of the Ninth Corps, along the front of which constant skirmishing was going on between the pickets and men stationed in the rifle-pits), and many of the men were almost as much at their ease as if they had been in a regular suniiner camp. The country was low and rather flat, with very few springs or streams of running water. The weather was hot and dry, fortunately, and prevented much of the evil results which must otherwise have followed from the marshy nature of the ground. The water used by the troops was generally of good quality, and was chiefly obtained from wells sunk to a depth of from 8 to 30 feet, the water being found on a stratum of blue clay. The number of sick of the army during this period was large, but the type was mild and yielding rapidly to treatment. Nine Page 255 CHAP. XLVIII.] T~APJDAN TO THE JAMES. 255 tenths of all the diseases were miasmatic in character, diarrheas of this type being especially prevalent. A decided scorbutic taint also existed in the army, not to so great an extent as to merit special classification as a disease, but modifying the other diseases preva- lent. Large and frequent issues of fresh vegetables were made dur- ing this time, but a sufficient quantity could not be procnred for the first fonr weeks, as the new crops had not yet come in. An ample supply of desiccated and compressed mixed vegetables was availa- ble, but these have never been liked or generally nsed by the men, and were of little service. The personnel and camp police of the men were generally good, except in those portions of the line where the constant sharpshooting and artillery practice compelled the men to lie close in the trenches and rifle-pits. The sides of their shelter- tents were elevated from the ground, and arbors over them contrib- uted to keep off the direct rays of the sun. Good sinks were very generally constructed, and the burial of offal, & c., was well attended to. Although the days were very hot, the thermometer standing at 98 degrees for several hours in the middle of the day, yet the nights were cool, producing a heavy deposit of dew, and thus acting as a cause of miasmatic disease. The organization of the division field hospitals was kept up, and a large proportion of the sick of the army were treated entirely in them. The regimental medical officers had stations between 200 and 300 yards behind the troops, these stations being provided with bomb-proofs in the more exposed positions of the line, and the advance ambulance stations being near by. Regular sick-calls were held at these points, and all slight cases there treated. The division hospi- tals were abundantly supplied with every requisite for the treat- ment of sick and slightly wounded, and their condition and manage- ment, as a rule, were highly creditable to the medical officers in charge. The following statement will show the work performed in them during this period, viz, June 16 to July 31, inclusive: Total number of sick received 11, 191 Total number of wounded received 11,526 Aggregate 22,717 Sent to depot hospital 15,427 Returned to duty 3,565 Died 797 19,789 Remaining 2,578 These hospitals were fitted up with wooden bunks for the patients, kitchens for extra diet, & c., and accumulated a very considerable amount of hospital fund, which was expended for butter, eggs, and other delicacies. Minute and repeated inspections were made of all the hospitals and ambulance stations by the acting medical inspectors on duty at these headquarters, and full reports of the results made to this office. The inmates of the hospitals experienced great annoy- ance from dust, and from the swarms of flies which seemed to spring up everywhere. For the first evil there could be but little remedy. A large number of mosquito bars procured and distributed served to abate the latter nuisance in a great degree. Regiments whose term of service had expired were leaving almost daily, taking with them their medical officers, and in this way a number of the most experienced and valuable surgeons were being lost to the service. As it wa~ highly important that these officers should be retained, i Page 256 [CHAP. XLVIII. 256 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. possible, representation of the facts was made to the Surgeon-General, and the following order was soon after issued by the War Depart- ment: GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, No. 222. ~ Washington, July 4, 1864. Medical directors of armies in the field are authorized to employ, under contract, as acting staft surgeons, regimental surgeons of two years experience, who aie specially recommended by their medical directors, and whose term of service has expired. The rate of compensation will be the same as pay and emoluments of regimental surgeons, with use of one public horse and equipments and forage for the same. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General. Very few snrgeons, however, were found willing to accept con- tracts upon the tei~ms above given, as those whose services were really valuable could obtain a larger income by private practice, and all wished to visit their friends and families. Dnring the even- ing of the 26th, the Second Corps moved to the north side of the James. A large number of sick (538) were sent to City Point in the morning, the most of them being slight cases, bnt such as were thonght by the medical officers to be incapable of making a forced march, and they were sent to the depot hospital to remain until the movement of the Second Corps should have been accomplished. Twenty ambulances followed each division during the movement, and were speedily filled with exhausted men, the numbef of strag- glers being very large. A temporary hospital was established on the north bank near the pontoon bridge, where the few men wounded in the morning of the 27th at Strawberry Plains were dressed and operated upon. The wounded during the day were removed to the south bank, where complete field hospitals were established, and on the 28th they were taken to City Point by the quartermasters trans- port Jolas, the total number being 64. The corps returned during the night of the 29th, and its hospitals were established around the Burchett house. As soon as it was known that the mine in froiit of the Ninth Corps would be sprung, and an assault made on the morn- ing of the 30th of July, the ambulances of the Sixth Corps, which had been left in park near City Point when the corps moved off on the 9th were ordered up and stationed in rear of the Fifth Corps, and preparations were made to remove the wounded as rapidly as possible when the engagement should conimence. For the first two hours after the assault, however, very few wounded could be brought in, as the covered ways leading to the front were blocked up by the supporting columns of troops, and only a part of the wounded were brought in from the field before the ground was abandoned to the enemy. The total number of wounded collected and brought in to the field hospitals from this affair was as follows: Second Army Corps 27 Fifth Army Corps Ninth Army Corps 1, 435 Total 1,496 Depot field hospitals of the army, near City Point.When the boats and barges containing the depot hospital organization from White House arrived at City Point on the morning of the 18th of June, everything was found in confusion. The Construction o Page 257 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPJDAN TO THE JAMES. 257 wharves by the quartermasters department was going on as rapidly as possible, but at that time none had been finished. The buildings within the line of fortifications were filled with wounded, principally from the colored troops belonging to General Butlers command, and were entirely unfit for hospital purposes, being small, ill venti- lated, and very dirty. The only site available for a hospital camp was on the south bank of the Appomattox, about three-fourths of a mile from City Point. It was about 35 feet above the water, level and open ground. The work of unloading the barges went on but slowly, as but few laborers could be obtained and the means of trans- portation from City Point to the hospital were very limited. Some tents were pitched on the 18th, and on the following day Dr. Dalton was able to report that he was ready to receive wounded. As the amount of ground available was limited, the tents were pitched in rows and streets, each corps by itself. Wounded began to straggle in on the 18th, and on the 19th the first large train of wounded ar- rived. The worst cases were at once placed on the hospital trans- ports George Leary and Connecticut and sent to Washington, the others were made comfortable in the hospitals. The quartermasters transport Wenonah was loaded with the wounded of General Butlers command, 500 in number, during the evening. The first opportunity for transporting wounded from the corps before Petersburg was kindly accorded me by Medical Director McCormick, U. S. Army, Department of Virginia and North Caro- lina, who placed at my disposal the hospital transport steamer George Leary, from the Army of the James, whose established depot was at Bermuda Hundred. By this opportune and considerate courtesy Surgeon Dalton was enabled to send off 350 wounded from City Point, on the 19th of June, to Washington City, D. C. Great trouble and delay occurred in loading the boats; long trains of wagons to be loaded with supplies occupied the single narrow road leading to the docks, and at first it seemed probable that the scenes of Belle Plain were to be repeated at City Point. On the 20th, how- ever, a wharf was constructed of pontoon boats and barges just below the hospital, which was exclusively appropriated to the use of the medical department, and from this time no further trouble occurred on this score. Until the end of June, sick and wounded continued to arrive from the front with great rapidity, and were sent north as fast as transportation could be procured. On the 21st and 23d, the steamers Continental, Western Metropolis, and DeMolay, which were regularly fitted up as hospital transports, and provided with medical officers and attendants, reported by order of the Sur- geon-General, and were employed during the rest of the summer in conveying wounded to Philadelphia, New York, and other points in the North and East. The hospital transports Connecticut and State of Maine were employed only on the inland waters, running to Washington, Annapolis, and Baltimore. The barge~ New World containing 800 beds, and intended to be used as a receiving ship for serious cases, and when full to be towed to some point in the North, arrived on the 20th, and was brought up to the wharf by the hos- pital. Upon examination it was found that she was entirely unfit for the purpose for which she had been designed, as not over 200 men could be safely placed upon her. Having three decks, one above the other, the ventilation was exceedingly imperfect, and erysipelas and phagedena made their appearance in forty-eight hours after wounded had been placed on board. She was used fo Page 258 258 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. a few days as a receiving ship for slight cases, and was then tnrned over to the qnartermas.ters department, the bedsteads, bedding, and hospital stores on board being transferred to the hospital. The boats of the medical pnrveyor were bronght to the hospital wharf, and as no fnrther necessity existed for the train of thirty-five wagons, the stores were placed on the pnrveyors boats, and the wagons tnrned over to the qnartermasters department. The hospitals at City Point were fairly organized and in good working order by the end of Jnne. For a time they were over- crowded, the capacity of the hospital tents when properly filled amonnting to 4,500 beds, while 6,000 men were present, as shown by the consolidated daily report annexed. Snpplies and stores of all kinds were abnndant, and the hospital qnartermaster and commis- sary kept everything in their departments in good order. The cook- ing arrangements were ample and worked well. The extra diet kitchens were nnder the sn pervision of ladies, whose services in this manner were made available, and who were of mnch more nse than when employed as nnrses in the wards. The want of medical offi- cers was great at first, bnt soon as it became evident that there wonld be a cessation of active movements of the army, six medical offi- cers from each corps were sent to Dr. Dalton, and from this time (Jnne 28) there was no fnrther lack. Upon application of the medi- cal director an order was issned by the provost-marshal-general directing that the negro women who shonld be bronght within the lines of the army shonld be sent to the depot hospital to act as lanndresses. The men employed as cooks and nnrses in the depot hospitals were in part the regnlarly detailed attendants who came in with the trains, bnt by far the greater nnmber were stragglers and malingerers, made nsefnl by the snrgeons as they came in. To obviate the evils arising from this practice, a detail of a snfficient nnmber of attendants was obtained in the latter part of Jnne. The water for the nse of the hospitals was at first obtained from springs in the river bank; wells were afterward dng, and the water thns obtained was of excellent quality. The weather was very hot and sultry, and the dust soon became a great nuisance in the hospitals. The main road from City Point to the front, by which all the supply trains moved, passed close to the hospitals, and clouds of dust were constantly settling over the tents. To obviate this a number of water-carts were procured, and the ground freely sprinkled. Screens and arbors of evergreens were also erected as last as possible. The wounded suffered very little in their transit from the front, but their general health had been niuch impaired, and secondary hemorrhage, erysipelas, py~mia, & c., were observed. Few or no cases of true hospital gangrene occnrred, although there were a number of sloughing phagedenic wounds. Disinfectants were freely used, the sulphate of iron being the article preferred for the latrines. The police of the hospitals became bad durin4~ the first week, as the number of patients to be cared for was so great that every available man was required for nursing and to load the boats; a detail of dis- mounted cavalry was finally obtained, and the police improved rapidly.. During the first week in July 3,000 iron bedsteads were obtained, and placed in the hospital. Two fire engines, two steam pumps, and a reservoir were also received amid used. The supply of water was from that time abundant and convenient, and the plague of dust in a great measn~re abated. One hundred and sixty adult con- trahands were kept employed in the hospitals as cooks, laundresses Page 259 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 259 & c. The washing of the hospital was no small item, amounting to 6,000 pieces per week. A consolidated report of the hospital for the months of Jnne and July is herewith furnished. Having been absent upon duty from the army from July 26 to August 4, 1864 (Surg. J. T. Ghiseliu, U. S. Army, acting as medi- cal director), I have no personal knowledge of tbe incidents and dispositions attending the explosion of the mine upon the 30th of July. Consolidated summaries of the weekly and monthly reports of sick and wounded are herewith forwarded. They are necessarily incom. plete,.especially for the months of May and June, inasmuch as during an active campaign the data for the reports must be obtained almost exclusively from the records of the field hospitals. The records of the field hospitals embrace all the severely wounded who require ambulance transportation from the field, but very many of the slighter cases go directly to the depot hospital if established, and within a days march. The number who thus straggle back is usually between 10 and 20 per cent. of the entire number wounded. These consolidated reports, however, show several facts of interest, of which the following may be mentioned as among the chief: The ratio of the number of officers wounded during the month of May was 22 per cent. of the number present, being somewhat greater than that of the enlisted men, which was 20.9 per cent. During the months of June and July the proportion of officers was a little less than that of the enlisted men. The probable cause of this difference has already been referred to in the account of the battle of the Wilderness. The ratio of sick increased steadily throughout this period, as is shown by the following statement: Ratio of aaa 0 Month. . a C a o ~ ~ ~ 0+~ ~ a ~ a00~ ~ CC -~ 0 ~ Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. ~L~Y 11.41 2.03 9.39 11.48 14.89 ~62 13.03 14.96 July 27.10 4.55 17.46 27.58 The depot field hospitals of this army have been, I am confi- dent, superior to any heretofore attained, accommodating at times 7,000 inmates; those at City Point had capacity for nearly 10,000 in summer. As winter approaches log buildings, 50 feet long and 20 wide, are being substituted for tents, roofed with boards and felting. The streets will be graded and graveled, and sidewalks corduroyed to obviate inconvenience from mud. The ambulance is so light a vehicle, so portable and swift, that I am persuaded more should be permitted to advance with troops, and to accompany cavalry. It is probable that a few might be lost in unusual exigency, but it is bet- ter to accept the risk (though I believe it inconsiderable), rather than a deficiency. There is wisdoni in the ancient institution (of Leo VT) which declares: If you desire that your soldiers should go will- ingly to battle, the greatest care must be had for attending to th Page 260 [CnA1~. XLVIII. 260 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. wounded. In my opinion an additional wagon should be authorized to each division ambulance train, which would transport more cloth- ing for the contingencies of battle, and be eligible also for procuring forage, which is imperfectly done during very active operations with the present allowance. The trains of wounded and sick sent from the army have always been organized with care; one of them extended 7 miles upon the road, composed of wagons (bedded), spring wagons, and ambulances. It may be of interest to approximate the proportion of transport service rendered by ambulances and wagons, though an accnrate statement cannot be given of the nnmber used in all the trips made at different times during the quarter. For transfer of patients only from division field hospitals to the depot at the base 3,518 ambulances and 2,233 wagons (spring and army pattern) have been used. This does not include vehicles at the front, collecting wounded for divis- ion hospitals, nor transport service rendered with the depot hospital at the base. The whole number of ambulances authorized and avail- able at any time for emergency did not exceed 800. They were fre- quently required to be moving day and night. Twenty-seven new medicine wagons (Autenreitli and Perot patterns) have been received during the campaign; five of them were transferred to Medical Director McCormick to meet necessities in the co-operating Army of the James. In the varying condition of an army in the field, whether in camp or in action, on the march, in winter quarters, or on campaign, the division hospital system, I believe, may be fully accepted as a success. It accords with the unit of organization and administration of the army, furnishing prompt, adequate, and con- venient resources for every occasion. Emergencies do not greatly overtax the energy of officers when prompt removal of wounded inmates (who have received necessary attention), permits recupera- tion and readiness. Experience insures ample provision of food, shelter, supplies, and attendants. As a point of rendezvous its local- ity is soon known; a proper mobility is kept in view, discipline, efficiency, and use of supplies supervised. Preservation of property has beeii conspicuous, considering its exposure by changes of mili- tary positions, movements by the flank, and advance of the army and trains in line of march liable to encouiiter the enemy. The commendable care exercised and its attendant success illustrate the propriety of arrangements made. In the magnitude of occasions, rapidly succeeding each other, it was necessary to supply the deficiency by wagons, which the limited nnmber of ambulances allowed by law could not fully provide for. While engaging in the Wilderness, and at other points remote from the base of supplies, celerity was especially required. It may be remarked that circumstances will rarely tax more severely the capa- bilities of staff departments than those of this year have imposed. When necessary, I received prompt, cordial, and efficient co-oper- ation from the chief quartermaster and other chiefs of departments whose operations were connected with my own. This complete otfi- cial accord was as beneficial to the service as it was personally pleasurable. The cheerful acceptance of vicissitude, patience, and fortitude, and almost utter absence of complaint have long been observed, and they evidence the high character of the individual soldiers in this veteran army. Out of the many thousands wounded there have been few left to the care of th and in such cases, 3upplies, camp e~uipa~e~ ~nd ~tteudant8 Whciievc~ tI~v Page 261 OJIAP. XLVIII.] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 261 was an opportunity, the wounded of the enemy have been collected and fully cared for. The medical directors of corps have faithfully met their responsi- bilities. To Surg. J. J. Milhau, U. S. Army, Surg. A. N. Dougherty, U. S. Volunteers, and Surg. S. A. Holman, U. S. Volunteers, are due especial credit for the improvement and efficiency developed in their corps. Surg. E. B. Dalton, U. S. Volunteers, who received the aggre- gate wounded of the army for transmission east (with Surg. A. J. Phelps, U. S. Volunteers, inspector and assistant), ably directed the labors of numerous subordinates at the base of the army. Assist- ant medical director, Surg. J. T. Ghiselin, U. S. Army (since made medical director of the Middle Military Division), Asst. Surg. J. Bernard Brinton, U. S. Army, medical purveyor, Asst. Surg. J. S. Billings, U. S. Army, and Asst. Surg. George M. McGill, of the U. S. Army, have rendered me most valuable, varied, and constant aid in the discharge of general duties assigned them and special ones that emergencies required. The ambulance service has been well and gallantly performed, and their chief officers, Capt. W. F. Drum, Second U. S. Infantry, Capt. B. W. Baldwin, and Capt. J. G. Pelton, Fourteenth Connecticut Volunteers, deserve especial commendation. Accompanying are reports of Medical Director Dougherty and Medical Puryeyor Brinton. Reports from other medical directors of corps and chief medical officers of independent commands have not yet been received. It is deemed adVisable to terminate this report with the period ending July 31, 1864, and not further delay its trans- mission. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, TilS. A. McPARLIN, Surgeon U. S. Army, Medical Director, Army of the Potomac. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Army of the Potomac. SCHEDULE J.Consolidated statement of wounds, & e., of the Army of the Potomac, for the battles of Petersburg, June 15 to June 30, 1804. Location of injury, & c. Second Fifth 5ixth Nint corps. corps. corps. corp~. TotaL Head and face 366 197 2 165 730 Neck 53 38 1 38 130 910 83 3 123 449 Thorax 267 136 2 125 530 157 77 2 71 307 Back and hips 277 114 4 123 518 Perineum, genitals, & c 21 13 1 15 so Superior extremities 969 525 16 503 2,013 Inferior extremities 1, 655 29 596 2,664 Arteries and nerves 2 4 1 7 Total Deaths in field hospitals Shell wounds Cannon.shot wounds Bullet wounds Sword wounds Bayonet wounds Amputations Excisions Aggregate strength present Medical officers present Killed (by regimental reports) .. Wounded (by regimental reports) Missing wounded 3,736 1,842 60 1,760 7,398 115 128 2 93 338 214 243 7 173 639 7 16 15 38 3,512 1,563 sii~ 1,565 6,693 1 1 1 2 3 225 213 12 128 5~8 30 26 1 19 76 23,412 19,595 17,476 13,097 73,580 ~62 112 104 80 458 731 294 22 1,39S 3,397 1,852 17S 1,949 7,373 2,151 103 20 750 3,029 180 81 88 34 Page 262 262 OPEEATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. SCHEDULE K.consolidated statement of wounds, & c., received in the Army of the Potomac during the month of July, 1864. Second Fifth Ninth Cavalry Total. Location of wounds, & c. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Head and face 13 22 375 6 416 Neck ~ 4 4 54 2 64 Shoulder 7 6 135 6 154 Thorax 15 14 185 12 226 Abdomen 2 11 121 11 145 Back and hips 6 16 210 15 247 Perineum and genitals 1 15 1 17 Superior extremities 32 42 731 44 849 Inferior extremities 59 51 770 52 931 Large arteries and nerves 1 1 2 Total 138 167 2,597 149 3,051 Deaths in field hospitals 9 17 157 1 184 Shell wounds 10 69 356 435 Cannon-shot wounds 1 3 4 Bullet wounds 127 86 2,176 149 2,538 Sword wounds Bayonet wounds 14 14 Amputations 15 20 325 9 369 Excisions 3 2 91 2 98 Aggregate strength present 14,642 19,640 16,614 3,528 53,424 Medical officers present 131 106 85 12 354 Killed (by regimental reports) 18 35 431 19 503 Wounded (by regimental reports) 111 145 1,605 120 2,081 Missing (by regimental reports) 56 2 1,429 51 1,538 Officers wounded APPENDIX A. Statement of fund accruing from newspaper tax expendable by the Medical Director of the Army, from January 28 to November 21, 1864. Amount received a $19,428.25 Amount disbursed and remaining on hand: By checks to medical directors of corps b$1, 374.00 To chief medical officers independent commands and others for articles purchased~ incident to hospital comfort and administration 1,843.38 To medical purveyor for purchases of articles of com fort and subsistence of the wounded 8,413.93 For freight 9.00 11,640.31 Balance on hand c 7,787.94 In addition to the stores usually issued by the medical purveyor, and furnished by the medical department, a large quantity of other delicacies and antiscorbutics were purchased and distributed to the depot and division hospitals. The following table will Show the kind and amount of the articles thus furnished during the campaign: APPENDIX B. Peaches, in 2-pound cans cans 9,600 Jellies, assorted, in ounce-jars jars 3,600 Tomatoes, in 2-pound cans cans 3,600 Lemons boxes 110 Oranges do 50 Crackers (Boston) pounds 5,366 Pickles 13,800 Candles pounds 380 The total cost of the above articles was $8,413.93. a This amount includes the sum of $3,582.65, balance on hand of previous medical director of the army. b Of this amount $1,176 has been paid, and $198 not yet presented. c The amount $198 is not included in this balance Page 263 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. APPENDIX C. Records are yet incomplete and accumulating, and accurate deter- minations and careful deductions from them must, therefore, be de- ferred for a future period. From weekly data before me, it appears that in January, February, and March in the army the Number remaining at last report was 3,661 Number taken sick (in the quarter) 35,945 Number wounded (in the quarter) 1,331 Aggregate (in a mean aggregate strength of 94,415 in January, 1864) 40,937 There was returned to duty 32,958 Discharged 248 Deserted 1 Furloughed 71 Died of disease, 467; of wounds, 7; total 474 Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps 5 Transferred (by order, or movement in the field, as proper cases for treat- ment) to general hospital 2,423 The ratio unfit for duty per 1,000 of mean strength is 40.70. Deaths in the quar- ter, 474. Deaths per 1,000 average mean strength, 5.30. Deaths 1 to each 1,881 of mean strength per quarter, or 1 to 16,900 daily mean aggregate strength. Deaths per 1,000 average mean strength daily, 0.05$. Deaths 1 to each 86 of the cases treated. APPENDIX D. Number of wounded sent from depot field hospital, Army of the Potomac, from May 4 to July 31, 1864. Sent from Fredericksburg 21,766 Port Royal ~ 1,550 White House 10,100 City Point (June) 7,750 City Point (July) 4,000 Total 45,666 Cavalrymen sent from HaxaiPs, May 15, 1864 White House, May 18. 1864 Wilcoxs Wharf, June 17, 1864 West Point, Va., June 19,1864 White House, June 22 and 26, 1864 James River, June 26,1864 210 17 90 300 40 161 818 Total wounded sent north to general hospital 46,484 Total Total number of sick sent north to general hospital from Fredericksburg, Va Port Royal White House Haxalls, Wilcoxs Wharf, West Point, and James River City Point in June and July 4,400 550 3,556 118 2,547 Total sick sent north to general hospital 11, 171 Total sick and wounded sent north from all corps a57, 655 a Of this number, surgeons in charge of general hospitals have reported to me died, 2,356; returned to duty, 5,301; total, 7,657; full reports have not yet been re- ceived Page 264 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. APPENDIX K Deaths in division hospitals from May 1 to July 31, 1864 1,272 Deaths in depot field hospitals from May 1 to July 31, 1864 1,093 Total number of deaths 2,365 According to regimental reports of sick and wounded (monthly) in the same period from May 1 to July 31, 1864: Remaining last report in the Army of the Potomac proper Thken sick (in the quarter) Wounded (in the quarter) Returned to duty Sent to general hospital 3,580 47,591 38,951 40,635 43,241 58 152 79 289 10 1, 333 94,553 2,754 3.06 10,037 111,011 49,041 8,542 Total 57,583 41,946 7,542 Total 49,488 APPENDIX F. Furloughed Discharged Deserted Total Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Died of disease, 150; of wounds, 1,183; total Average mean strength of command per month Average mean strength on daily sick report Average daily ratio of sick and wounded on sick report Remaining sick and wounded July 31, 1864 Estimated total treated (in the quarter) Wounded, according to reports of regimental medical officers, Eighteenth Corps included Killed, according to reports of regimental medical officers, Eighteenth Corps included Wounded, according to reports of regimental medical officers, Army of Potomac, on classified returns Killed, according to reports of regimental medical officers, Army of Poto- mac, on classified returns Consolidated classified statement of wounds, & c., of the Army of the Potomac, for the period from May 1 to July 31, 1864.a Locat~ion of injury, & c. Second Fifth Sixth Ninth Cavalry Total. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Head and face Neck Shoulder . Thorax Abdomen Back and hips Perineum and genitals Sn~ nor extremities Inferior extremities Large arteries and nerves Total Deaths in field hospitals Shell wounds Cannon-shot wounds 1,309 231 911 962 554 931 91 4,204 4,744 21 889 171 409 607 328 528 52 2,949 3,138 10 677 109 372 344 228 311 17 1,698 1,858 730 112 304 436 245 417 38 1,683 1,834 2 208 69 89 178 91 135 18 576 629 1 3,813 692 2,145 2,527 1,446 3,222 216 11,110 12,203 34 13,958 9,141 5,614 5,801 1,994 36,508 351 570 45 404 1,209 36 171 314 33 220 592 73 13 23 4 1, 272 2, 664 121 a The wounded of the Ninth Corps previous to May 28, and those of the Eighteenth Corps from June 1 to June 12, are not included in this statement. The report of wounded of the Second Division, Cavalry Corps, previous to May 16 is also wanting. 264 [ChAP. XLVIII Page 265 RAPIDM~ TO TIlE JAME5. 265 APPENDIX F.Consolidated classified statement of wounds, & c.Continued. Location of injury, & c. Second Fifth Sixth Ninth Cavalry Total Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Bullet wounds 13,311 7,789 5,365 4,932 1,895 33,292 Bayonet wounds 12 4 5 16 37 Sword wounds 1 1 16 18 Amputations in field hospitals 896 838 456 607 78 2,875 Excisions in field hospitals 134 173 73 146 42 568 Average aggregate stre~igth present 25,148 19,535 20,041 16,984 14,586 96,294 Medical officers present 162 132 112 93 62 561 Killed (by regimental reports) 2,949 1,608 1,524 1,058 403 542 Wounded (by regimental reports) 15,344 11,462 7,907 5,131 2,102 41,946 Missing (by regimental reports) 4,961 3,144 1,690 2,547 1,821 14, 163 Officers wounded 738 444 355 256 129 1,902 APPENDIX G. Consolidated statement of officers of the Army of the Potomac wounded during the period from May 1 to July 31, 1864. Rank. Second Fifth Sixth Ninth Cavalry Total. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Brigadier-generals 5 3 1 9 Colonels . ... 30 20 jO Lieutenant-colonels 25 22 13 8 68 Majors 37 17 16 16 10 96 Captains 247 126 106 72 50 601 Lieutenants 394 253 187 149 60 1,043 Medicalofficers 1 3 1 5 Chaplains I 1 2 Total 739 444 3.35 256 .1 129 1,903 Enlisted men wounded 13,956 9,141 5,614 5,801 1,994 36,508 Ratio of wounded officers to enlisted 118.9 120.6 116.7 122.7 115.4 119.2 mena a The above figures show the ratio existing between the number of officers and of enlisted men wounded as shown by the nominal lists of wounded. APPENDIX H. Consolidated statement of losses in the medical department and Ambulance Corps of the Army of Potomac, May 1 to July 31, 1864. Medical officers :a Killed Wounded Missing Hospital stewards: Wounded Missing Ambulance officers; Wounded Killed Ambulance sergeants: Killed Wounded Missing Ambulance privates: Killed Wounded Missing Horses b (ambulance): Killed Wounded Second Fifth Sixth Ninth Cavalry Total Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. 1 3 2 1 1 I 5 S S 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 I 4 1 a 3 4 ... 6 2 1 9 16 18 4 60 5 9 9 23 9 2 11 8 6 14 a No reports have been received from the Sixth Corps, or the First and Second Divisions, Cavalry Corps. b No reports of loss of horses, wagons, & c., have been received from the Ninth Army Corps. CHAP. XLVIIL Page 266 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. rOITAP. XLVIII. APPENDIX 11.Consolidated statement of losses in the medical department, & c. Continued. Second Fifth Sixth Ninth Cavalry Total. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Corps. Horses worn out and abandoned 25 25 Horses captured 6 3 9 Medicine wagons lost 2 2 Hospital wagons lost 1 1 Ambnlances lost 3 8 11 Hospital tents lost a 6 14 20 Wagon covers lost 7 7 Walltentslost 1 1 Field cases of instruments lost 11 5 Pocket cases of instruments lost 7 7 Stretchers lost 285 a Left to sheiter wounded. APPENDIX I. Consolidated report of t~he Ambulance Corps, Army of the Potomac, for the month of May, 1864. Ambulances. Medicine wagons. Army wagons. an a ~ g . ~0 n ~ 0 0 o Command. .0 a o 0 ~ 0 .0 ~ .~ ~ .0 ~ .00 .0 . 0 0 ~ ~ 0 0 .0 ~ 0 ~ ~0 ~ a CT a ~ 0 .0 a~ a o o ~ .0 ~c ~ 4.~ ~ . a 0 n.~ 0 a a a ~ 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 ~i l~ HO ~ 0 H Second Army Corps 2 178 1 7 .... 8 15 .... 1 56 FifthArmy Corps 16 4 170 6 1 4 10 7 58 Ninth Army Corps a CavalryCorps 77 4 4 38 3 Engineer Brigade 12 I 1 I General Patricks provost brigade 11 4 1 SixthCorps 144 3 .... 6 9 52 3 Artillery Heserve, Army of the Poto- mac. b OnhandMayl 16 6 592 1 21 1 18 39 7 1 209 15 Onband May 31 604 20 .... 17 37 215 15 Total authorized 598 21 .... 20 40 210 15 Horses. Mules. Stretchers. a ~a 0 Command. a 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 , 0~ a a ~ ..oacs ~ ~ 0 ~ 0 0~0~ 0 ~ 0 :::::i a ~ .o ~ ~ ~ .0 .0 SecondArmyCorps 8 2 5 583 ... 4 2 4 281 .... 226 413 FifthArmyCorps 35 8 6 3 8 524.37 3 349 49 102 342 Ninth Army Corps a Cavalry Corps 300 179 j3~ Engineer Brigade 32 24 General Patricks provost brigade 29 24 11 Sixth Corps 403 313 292 Artillery Heserve, Army of the Poto. mac. b On hand Mayl 36 8 14 5 13 1,871 37 7 2 4 1,146 49 331 1,214 On hand May 31 1,882 1,1C9 945 Total authorized 2,031 1,203 1,248 4 4 a The Ninth Corps, although accompanying this Army, was not attached to it in orders, therefore it is not carried out. b No reports of the Artillery Heserve, Army of the Potomac, have been received for consolidation. 26~ Page 267 Ca4p. XLVIII.] RAPID AN TO THE JAMES. APPENDIX 1.Consolidated report of the Ambulance Corps, & c.Continued. Command. Second Army Corps 17 Fifth Army Corps 17 Ninth Army Corps a Cavalry Corps 11 Engineer Brigade 1 General Patricks provost brigade 2 Sixth Corps 12 ArtilleryReserve, Army of the Poto- mac. b On hand May I 60 On hand May31 60 Total anthorized 60 Present for dnty. Officers. Men. a a a ..a Q ~ a 0 ~ H 676 662 306 48 36 547 693 679 49 38 559 a a a a a .~ a 1 43 4 a .i. .i. a a a a a a 4 6 2,275 2,335 2,333 2,347 2,306 2,366 a a a a . Q H 2 14 4 11 13 a a H 17 34 One Dunton medicine wagon is not included in the above report. a The Ninth Corps, although accoijipanying this army, was not attached to it in orders, therefore it is not carried ont. b No reports of the Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac, have been received for consolidation. THS. A. MCPARLJN, Surgeon and Bvt. Licut. Cot., U. S. Army, liledical Director, Army of the Potomac. Consolidatcd report of the Ambulance Corps, Army of the Potomac, for the month of June, 1864. Command, Second Army Corps Fifth Army Corps Ninth Army Corps Cavalry Corps Engineer Brigade Provost-marshal brigade Sixth Corps a On band Jnne 1 On band June 30 Total authorized b Ambulances. Medicine wagons. Army - wagons. a a ~ ~ ~ a - a a a a a .a ~ .a ~ .~ ~ a ~ . ~ a ~ a a a a a ,,~ a a a ~ a a a .a ~ a a a a ~ ~ .~ .a ~a a a a a a a a ~ H .~ P~ H ~ ~5 0 ~ 16 177 1 6 8 14 55 4 16 9 183 2 7 3 10 8 65 4 160 10 10 11 3 71 4 5 1 38 3 .1..... 620 18 11 40 11 174 15 12.... 1 1 1 11 4 1 [I.:.... 617 22 11 45 12 198 14 ... 614 45 170 .15 a The reports of the Sixth Corps have not been received. 6 Sixth Corps excepted. g 26 Page 268 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. APPENDIX 1.Consolidated report of the Ambulance Corps, & c.Continuea. Horses. Mules. Stretchers. a) a) a) a) U) ~a Command. C .C a)u~ C .C a) .~~~~U)Ca) ~ 0 ~ ~ Q H 0 0 ~ Q H 0 0~1 0 Second Army Corps 32 5 2 3 570 13 3 12 2 .... 273 100 89 196 FifthArmy Corps 53 2 7 .... 16 535 59 ... 11 ... 4 378 9 24 277 Ninth Army Corps 406 16 130 Cavalry Corps 310 179 3 129 Engineer Brigade 32 24 Provost-marshal brigade 29 24 11 Sixth Corps a On hand June 1 1,882 , 870 767 On hand June 30 1,924 986 847 Total authorized b 2,038 890 116 Present for duty. Officers. Men. ,~ 0 a) . C Command. U) ~ ,~ ~ a)~ C U) ~ u C ~ ~ ~ a) a) -~ .~~a)a)Q O ~ H OH HOZ ~ Second Army Corps 17 681 698 1 1 76 52 52 Fifth Army Corps 15 659 674 1 1 1 67 39 54 Ninth Army Corps 11 365 376 Cavalry Corps 11 304 315 Engineer Brigade 1 47 48 Provost-marshal brigade 2 36 38 Sixth Corps a On hand June 1 57 2,092 2,149 On hand June 30 54 2,139 2,193 Total authorized b 57 2,112 2,169 Two of the wagons are four-horse ambulances with Autenrieth boxes. a The reports of the Sixth Corps have not been received. b Sixth Corps excepted. THS. A. McPARLIN, Surgeon, U. S. Army, JtEed. Director, Army of the Potomac. Consolidated report of the Ambulance Corps, Army of the Potomac, for the month of July, 1864. Ambulances. Medicine wagons. Army wagons. -~0 a) ,~ a) b1 C a) Command. -. . ~ C .~ a) , ,~ a) a) 3 ~ ~ ~ .~ .e 2 .~ - ~. ,~ 0 a) -- bC - a) 0 4.4 C U) w a) C C ~ ~a a) C C .C ~ a) 0 0 ~ -~ .C ~t CS ~ .~ a) a) C~ C C C a) ~ C 0 ~ C 0 0 H 0 -ai -,1 P~ P~ ~ H OH 0 ~ Second Corps Fifth Corps. ... Ninth Corps Cavalry Corps Engineer Brigade General Patricks brigade Sixth Corps a On hand July 1 On hand July31 Total authorized 2 1 29 15 178 173 158 83 12 11 8 8 S 8 3 2 16 11 10 7 1 4 3 44 615 3 22 1 11 12 45 5 21 SiS .... 29 .... 11 12 52 48 590 a The reports of the Sixth Corps have not been received. 238 15 6 3 4 3 3 55 62 36 39 1 4 197 179 195 14 14 1 Page 269 RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 269 (Jonsolidated report of the Ambulance Gorps, & c.Continued. Horses. Mules. Stretchers. cS Command. .~ H a) H 4 ~ C ~ 0 C ~ C . ,~ C 0 0 0 a) H . 0 a) H C C ~ ~ C ,n ~ .~ C .0 C ;~ H H C .3 ~ C 3 C .3 ~ C H 0 O~~H 0 ~ Second Corps 21 .... 8 96 565 16 1 50 278 89 89 247 FifthCorps 48 4 1 44 510 27 1 3 25 376 21 8 287 Ninth Corps 440 162 196 Cavalry Corps 359 179 86 Engineer Brigade 82 24 General Patricks brigade 29 24 11 Sixth Corps a OnhandJulyl 69 4 9 140 1,935 43 1 4 75 1,019 110 97 851 OnhandJuly3l 1,974 980 1,069 Total authorized 1,998 976 1,089 Present for duty. Officers. Men. ,~ 3. a) . a) a) Command. a., ~ a.. C ~ H ~ ~- 0H ~3 a) 4 a),-. C a) 0 OCH ~ C 0 .a.~ H C o ~ H 0 H H ,~ H ~ 02 H Second Corps 16 676 692 1 4 4 16 57 6 63 Fifth Corps 15 632 647 2 2 2 25 1 31 6 63 Ninth Corps 12 393 405 Cavalry Corps 9 330 339 Engineer Brigade 1 47 48 General Patricks brigade 2 36 38 Sixth Corpsa OnhaudJulyl 55 2,114 2,169 3 6 6 41 1 88 12 126 On hand July 31 52 2,045 2,107 Total authorized 53 2,064 2,117 aTne reports of the Sixth Corps have not been received. THS. A. MoPARLIN, Surgeon U. S. Army, hued. Director, Army of the Potomac. No. 5. Report of Surg. Edward B: Dalton, U. S. Army, Chief Medical Officer of Depot Field Hospital. DEPOT FIELD HOSPITAL, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, City Point, Va., December [31], 1864. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report upon the origin and development of the depot field hospital of the Army of the Potomac, from May to October of the present year: On the 7th of May, 1864, it was ordered from the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac that all the wounded from the battle-fields of the Wilderness should be taken across the Rapidan River, via Elys Ford, to Rappahannock Station, on the Orange and Alexan- dria Railroad, and thence sent by rail to Washington, and I was ~oied to take general Charge of their transportation, Qwin~ to CHAP. XLVIII. Page 270 270 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. the constant and heavy demand for ambnlances at the immediate front, a large number of army wagons were furnished by the quar- termasters department to assist in the execution of this order. The amonnt of transportation, however, was still quite insufficient, and a large number of wounded were left at the various field depots nnder the care of a few medical officers and attendants provided with such shelter, supplies, an~l rations as the emergency allowed. The train was at once gotten in readiness, loaded with wounded, and furnished with the requisite amount of rations and medical sup- plies. A few medical officers were detailed from each corps for the care of the wounded dnring the trip. The train was fairly nuder way when the enemys cavalry was reported in the vicinity of Elys Ford. Au order was received to proceed no farther in that direc- tion, but to turn back and follow in the rear of the army. This order was at once carried into effect, and the train followed the line of march during the night. The following day, May 8, I received an order to conduct the train to Fredericksburg, Va., and there place the wounded in temporary hospital accommodations until they could be removed to Washing- ton. A suitable escort was provided and the train proceeded as ordered, entering Fredericksburg about 1 oclock on the morning of the 9th. The churches, public buildings, warehouses, mills, and the more comniodious of the private dwellings were at once taken possession of for hospital purposes, and a large number of wounded officers and men were billeted upon such families as still remained in town. Over 7,000 wounded, the whole number brought on the train, were thus placed under shelter. The number of medical officers and attendants was, of necessity, disproportionately small. Some 30 medical officers were present. These worked most faithfully and steadily, day and night. The immediate necessities of the wounded were attended to with very little delay, and the less pressing demaiids met with all possible dispatch. The absolute impossibility of pre- paring accurate records under these circumstances makes it impos- sible now to furnish more than a report of the general conduct of affairs. Every effort was made to systematize as rapidly as possible. The organization adopted was by corps, corresponding to the organi- zation of the army. Certain buildings with the adjacent district of the town were assigned to each corps hospital, and the men belong- ing to the same collected, so far as practicable, within the limits of this district. From the medical officers present of each corps one was selected as surgeon in charge, and the reniainder were assigned to duty as assistants. This same organization, with some muodifica- tions in the details, has continued up to the present time. The day after the occupation of the city, and for several days subsequently, trains of anibulances containing supplies were sent with flag of truce under charge of a medical officer to the Wilder- ness for the purpose of completing the removal of the wounded. All, save a few taken by the enemy, were thus brought into town. Owing to the fact that this occupation of Fredericksburg as a hos- pital was entirely unexpected, a day or two intervened between the arrival of the wounded and the establishment of communication with Washington, during which time the supply of medical and hospital stores, surgical appliances, & c., was quite limited. Ships ladened with everything necessary reached Belle Plain on the 10th of May, and wagon trains at once brought an abundance to the city. At the same time a number of surgeons from civil life arrived an Page 271 CHAP. XLVI1I] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 271 reported for duty in accordance with orders from the Surgeon-Gen- erals Office. Many of these rendered most valuable assistance. Im- mediately upon the establishment of communication with Washing- ton measures were taken to transport to that city all such men as were disabled for mor~ than thirty days. All the available trans- portation was used for the more severe cases, while many wounded only in the upper extremity were sent in squads on foot to Belle Plain under charge of a medical officer and there placed on board transports. Mean time the battles of Spotsylvania sent in daily accessions to the number in the city. In some instances the ambulance and wagon trains containing these were unloaded at once, while in others they were halted for a sufficient length of time to allow of provision for the immediate wants of those on board, and were then sent on at once to Belle Plain. On the 20th, 300 hospital tents arrived. These were distributed to the different corps hospitals, and were at 011CC pitched outside the Piwn. So many of the wounded as could thus be accommodated were transferred from the buildings without delay. On the 22d, the repairs of the Falmouth and Aquia Creek Railway were completed, and this additional means constantly made use of for the removal of the wounded to Aquia Landing, to which point the depots previously at Belle Plain had been transferred. Simultaneously with the opening of the railroad, light-draught steamers reached the city by the Rappahannock River. These were hastily furnished with supplies, straw, & c., and used for the trans- portation of wounded to Tappahannock and other points lower down the river, where hospital transports were ready to receive and convey them to Washington. The army had now moved so far that Fredericksburg was no longer eligible as a hospital depot, and every effort was made to evacuate the town as promptly as possible. By the morning of Saturday, the 28th of May, the wounded were all removed, and all public property placed on board steamers and barges in tow. These dropped down the river under convoy of a gun-boat, while the ambulances and army wagons moved overland under escort of the troops which had been garrisoning the city dur- ing its occupation. By night both reached Port Royal, which had already been occupied as a depot, but was about to be abandoned in consequence of the onward march of the army toward the Peninsula. Some thousand wounded had been brought here from the front by Surg. A. J. Phelps, U. S. Volunteers, and by him sent thence to Washington. No more were expected, and White House, on the Pamunkey River, had been designated as the next base. The neces- sary arrangements for transportation to said point were made with- out delay, and the medical officers, with their hospital attendants and property, sailed on the afternoon of the following day. Surg. W. L. Faxon, Thirty-second Massachusetts Volunteers, in charge of the Fifth Corps hospital, remained in charge at Port Royal until the departure of the last boat to see that nothing appertaining to the department should be neglected. After thoroughly performing this duty, he accompanied the troops and train across land to the new base. We reached White House on the 30th and immediately com menced unloading and pitching the tents and preparing for the re- ception of wounded, whose arrival from the battle-fields of Hanover- town and Cold Harbor was now looked for every hour. The hospi- tals were arranged along the river-bank in doubl~ echelon, extendin Page 272 [CHAP. XLVIIL 272 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. from the former site of the White House some three-fourths of a mile down the river, with a breadth of half a mile. Shelter, sup- plies, aud facilities for cooking were in readiness wheu the first train reached the lauding on the afternoon of the 1st of June. Captain Pitkin, assistant quartermaster, depot quartermaster, spared no effort in affording every facility for the prompt accommodation and com- fortable transportation of these men. It being understood that this base was but temporary, every available steamer bound thence to Washington was temporarily provided with straw, rations, medical supplies, and cooking apparatus, and loaded with wounded. These were sent under charge of medical officers detailed to this duty by virtue of the pressing emergency, and the absolute impossibility of communicating with headquarters for orders. Thus thousands found immediate accommodations upon the boats without even the delay of registering their names, sufficient examination being given oii the spot to prevent the escape of malingerers or deserters. Froni the 1st of June to the 13th there were daily and sometimes hourly arrivals of trains from the front, the number thus received being sufficient to keep the hospitals full in spite of every effort to relieve them. On the 13th, however, the arrival ceased. Informa- tion was received that the army was moving by the left flank to the James River, and twenty-four hours sufficed to send away a large proportion of the remaining wounded, to strike the tents, repack and ship a good portion of the property. At this juncture Capt. J. E. Jones, assistant quartermaster, and Capt. B. F. Talbot, conimis- sary of subsistence, reported for duty with the hospital department. The latter at once provided abundant subsistence stores, issued a suf- ficient quantity for those who must still remain a day or two, and shipped the remainder to be taken with the first medical boat for the new base. Asst. Surg. A. K. St. Clair, First Michigan Cavalry, was detailed to remain in charge at the landing, whence he success- fully removed the remaining wounded and the ~ I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ED. B. DALTON. Surgeon, U. & Volunteers, Chief JYled. Officer. Bvt. Lieut. Col. T. A. MCPARLIN, Medical Director, Army of the Potomac. No. 6. Report qf Asst. Surg. Thomas G. Mackenzie, U. S. Army, Acting Medical Purveyor, including operations April 9June 17. MEDICAL PURVEYORS OFFICE, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Steamer Planter, Udy Point, Va., June 23, 1864. SIR: I have the honor respectfully to transmit the following re- port of my actions since my connection with the medical purveyors department of the Army of the Potomac: In accordance with Special Orders, No. 92, paragraph 19, dated headquarters Army of the Potomac, April 9, 1864, I proceeded to Alexandria, Va., for the purpose therein stated, viz, the establish ~or ~on~i4mu~tion of report, SQO Vol. XL, Part I Page 273 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 273 ment of a medical purveying department at that place. Having obtained a suitable building (No. 43, Union street) I remained on duty there receiving and storing medical supplies and awaiting fur- ther orders. On the morning of May 8, 1864, I received orders from the Acting Surgeon-General to dispatch at once to Rappahannock Station, on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, a battle-field supply for 3,000 wounded for seven days, including barrels for ice-water, tin cups, buckets, & c., for the use of the wounded on the train, expected down on the train from the front. The supplies were sent forward imme- diately in charge of a responsible steward, two cars having been loaded for a number of days previous with a battle-field supply in anticipation of the coming battles. Lemons (thirty boxes) were purchased and forwarded. The supply arrived safely at its destina- tion, where it remained until the morning of the 9th of May, and was then ordered back to Alexandria. Immediately on its arrival, in accordance with instructions (received in the interim from the Surgeon-Generals Office), the stores were unloaded and conveyed on board the steamers State of Maine and Connecticut, then lying at the wharf. These stores were all placed under charge of Surg. Johu H. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, who was ordered to proceed to Fred- ericksburg with them. The steamers above mentioned started early on the morning of the 10th of May for Belle Plain. Asst. Surg. George P. Jaquett, U. S. Army, having been placed in charge of the medical supply steamers Hugh Jenkins and Farmer, was also dispatched to Belle Plain, where he arrived before any other vessel was in sight, and a day in advance of the wounded to arrive from Fredericksburg at that point. It is worthy of remark, there- fore, that medical supplies were there in advance of all others, and communications were at once opened with Surg. E. B. Dalton, U. S. Volunteers, chief medical officer at Fredericksburg, by Assistant Surgeon Jaquett, U. S. Army. Independent of the supplies taken down by Surg. J. H. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, and Assistant Sur- geon Jaquett, U. S. Army, I was ordered, on May 11, to proceed to Belle Plain with two barges loaded with medical and hospital stores. Arrived at said point early on the morning of the 12th, amid re- ported to Lieutenant-Colonel Cuyler, acting medical inspector-gen- eral, U. S. Army. On my arrival at Belle Plain I found it imprac- ticable for the steamers Hugh Jenkins and Farmer, on account of the shallowness of the water, and their deep draught, to lay along- side of the wharf. There was at that time but one U-shaped wharf, at which not only all the stores of the several departments had to be unloaded, but also the disembarkation of the troops arriving, as re- enforcements had to be effected. To add to the confusion consequent upon the above, all the wounded were conveyed along the wharf to the transports, and consequently it was an utter impossibility to work expeditiously or effectually. Such being the case, it was thought best for the steamers to remain out in the streamn, have requisitions filled there and convey them ashore in a lighter. Ac- cordingly one was obtained from the quartermaster, Captain Pitkin, and detailed with a gang of negroes for that purpose alone. The two barges under my immediate charge were brought up as near the wharf as possible, and such articles as could be furnished from them (being principally hospital stores, bedding, clothing, & c.) were conveyed across other barges and loaded on other wagons as speedily as they came up. In this way requisitions were oftentimes filled,~ and. 1$ J~ RvOL XXXVI, PT L Page 274 274 OPERATIONS IN SE. YA. AND N. C. [ORAl.. XLVIII. arranged on the barge occupied by Lieutenant-Colonel Cuyler, act- ing medical inspector-general, U. S. Army, as his headquarters, lying alongside the wharf, ere the wagons were there to receive them. All the medical supplies that could be gotten up to the wharf (i. e., those loaded in barges) were there, immediately adjoining the barge of the Sanitary Commission. To supply the immediate wants of the wounded, so far as this de- partment was concerned, a hospital tent was pitched on shore in charge of a steward, and filled from the steamers and barges with such supplies as were most likely to be needed, and from which the surgeon in cliarge of the hospital established on shore could draw in small quantities. Not having been ordered down to Belle Plain until a subsequent date, and Assistant Surgeon Jaquett, U. S. Army, occupying vir- tually the position of m~edical purveyor at the time of my arrival, having most of the stores under his charge, it is not my province to debate further upon the subject. I cannot refrain, however, in this connection from attesting to the efficiency of the chief of the medical department in forwarding such ample supplies for the relief of the wounded and the untiring zeal manifested by the medical officers and their assistants in the execution of the multiplied duties devolving upon them. ~o one who was not present to witness it in person can form an adequate conception of the scene presented, and the astonishment of all was, with the diffi- culties under which we labored and the limited transportation at hand, that supplies were received in so short a time and in such quantities at Fredericksburg. No blame, therefore, can justly be attached to the medical department for the seeming delay in receiv- ing supplies at that point, as they were promptly on hand at Belle Plain, and in sufficient quantities to meet any demand. Having remained at Belle Plain until the morning of May 19, I was ordered by Lieutenant-Colonel Cuyler, acting medical inspector- general, U. S. Army, to turn over what remained of my supplies to Assistant Surgeon Jaquett, U. S. Army, and report to the Acting Surgeon-General, U. S. Army, at Washington. I left Belle Plain May 19 and reported to the Acting Surgeon-Gen- eral May 20. The same night the steamer Planter was ordered to report to me, and instructions received to load her with all the sup- plies then in the warehouse in Alexandria. Two barges were also seiit me to load such stores as could not be transported by steamer. In addition to the above another barge was procured and loaded ex- clusively with portions of a requisition made by Asst. Surg. J. B. Brinton, U. S. Army, medical purveyor, Army of the Potomac, May 17, 1864. An extract from a letter accompanying the requisition I here quote: It is also desirable that he procure a barge and load it with 3,000 iron bedsteads or wooden cots, 3,000 mattresses, 10,000 sheets, ~,O0O pillows, and 100 brooms, 400 rubber cushions with open center, 10,000 pillow-cases; 5,000 suits hospital clothing, 2,000 blankets, 3,000 counterpanes, 500 wooden buckets, 20 cauldrons, 12 cooking- stoves with furniture cqmplete, 10 barrels of fern sulphas for disinfectant purposes, 200 pounds cocoa or chocolate, 200 pounds corn starch, 100 dozen bottles porter, 600 pounds oakum, and 1,000 bed-sacks. The above supply to be on a separate boat, and not to be used unless the emergency requires, which emergency will be the es- tablishment of hospitals. Having completed the loading of the steamer and barges, I was ordered on the morning of May 26, to proceed to Port Royal, Rappa- Mnuock River, Va., whQre I arrived on th~ evening of the 28th Page 275 HAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 275 emained during the night, and left next morning (in obedience o orders received from Lieutenant-Colonel Cuyler, acting medical uspector-general, U. S. Army), at daylight for White House, Pa- r) unkey River, Va. Arriving at White House May 31, I selected an ligible position, apart from the other departments, at a point near he wa~on road; made a bridge of my barges and commenced oper- tions. I had completed all my arrangements before any requisitions ,Tere presented. From that period until June 14, I remained at \Thite House, where nearly 200 requisitions were filled. The amount 3sued was extremely large, but the supply on hand being ample Xssistant Surgeon Jaquett having turned over to me the steamers tugh Jenkins and Farmer, by order of the Acting Surgeon-General), 11 the articles required for were furnished, no deficiencies occurring ~hatever, save in such articles as it was impossible to obtain from ~e medical purveyor at Washington, the principal articles being on bedsteads or cots. I heard of no complaints against the depart- icut either as regards quantities of supplies or the promptitude of eir issue, and I am of the opinion that entire satisfaction was iven. To Asst. Snrg. J. B. Brinton, U. S. Army, medical pur- Dyor, Army of the Potomac, much praise is due for his prudent fore- iought in making timely requisitions for large amounts of supplies, iving a reserve supply ready at any moment in case of a change of me, besides keeping constantly on hand at Alexandria, Va., a sup- y sufficient to meet any emergency. The consequence was that is department has, at all the different depots established since the ~ginning of the campaign, been foremost on the ground, amply ovided with all the articles for issue to the wants of the wounded quired. Independently of its legitimate issues, it has vied with e Sanitary Commission and Christian Commission in the issue of licacies purchased from the fund accruing from the tax on news- pers, which fund was intrusted to the care of the medical director, tiny of the Potomac, for the benefit of the sick and wounded. )r example, there has been received and issued during the campaign e following articles purchased from the above fund, viz, 700 zen cans peaches, in 2-pound cans, 300 dozen cans tomatoes, in 2- und cans, 200 bottles assorted jellies, 100 boxes lemons, 50 boxes inges, 40 barrels Boston crackers, 6 barrels cucumber pickles. addition to the above, 30 boxes of lemons and 30 of oranges re sent by the department on requisition made by Asst. Surg. J. Brinton, U. S. Army, medical purveyor, Army of the Potomac. has also been furnished in considerable quantities, not only sup- ~ing the immediate wants of the corps hospitals, at the depot, but o sending it forward to the division hospitals in the field. The )artment also furnished on requisition such articles as condensed 1k tea extract coffee, porter, wines of different kinds, brandy, From time to time, as occasion required, telegraphic requisi- us were sent to Washington to the Acting Surgeon-General, and articles were immediately forwarded. )n June 14, 1864, I left White House under orders to proceed to nestown Island, on the James River, and there rendezvous until ther instructions were sent me. Arrived there on the evening of 15th of June; remained there during that night, and on the Drnoon of the 16th proceeded as far as North Bend, at which ut a pontoon bridge was laid, across which the army was passing. uce we started about midnight for City Point, where we arrived ~ariy dawn, and after considerable trouble, I succeeded in obtain Page 276 276 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. ifig a position, aside from the other departments, where I again con- structed a bridge of my barges and commenced issuing. There being no fnrther necessity for the wagon train with supplies, which, under the charge of Assistant Surgeon Brinton, U. S. Army, had followed the army since the commencement of the campaign, the wagons were unloaded and their contents stored on the boats. Assistant Surgeon Brinton, U. S. Army, medical p~rveyor, Army of the Potomac, then took charge. A pontoon bridge having been con- structed on the Appomattox, in close proximity to the corps hospi- tals, for the especial purpose of affording greater facilities for issu- ing, as also of being nearer the hospitals, we accordingly moved up to that point. In closing this report, I feel it but just to. state in behalf of the medical department, the operations of which in all its phases I have had an opportunity of~ witnessing during this campaign, that despite the seemingly almost insurmountable difficulties under which it labored, sick and wounded soldiers were never as well cared for, either as regards skill in operations, successful treatment of disease, or abundance of supplies. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient serv ant, THOMAS G. MACKENZIE, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army, Aciing Afedical Purveyor. Surg. THOMAS A. McPARLIN, U. S. Army, iiiliedical Director, Army of the Potomac. No. 7. Report of Brig. Gen. Rufus. In galls, U. S. Army, Chief Quarter master. OFFICE OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, ARMIES OPERATING AGAINST RICHMOND, VA., City Point, Va., August 28, 1864. GENERAL: In compliance with your General Orders, No. 29, of the 6th ultimo, calling for an annual report for the fiscal year eiid- ing June 30, 1864, I have the honor to submit the following: As my last annual report was submitted on the 28th of September, 1863, during your absence in the field, and, so far as I have learned, not made of any particular service or reference by the officer acting as Quartermaster-General at the time, and as it contains all material information relative to the organization and operations of the quar- termasters department in the Army of the Potomac, with some use- ful statistical facts which will much reduce the length of this report, I herewith inclose a copy, marked I. * * * * * * * * The army was essentially quiet and at rest until the commence- ment of the grand campaign~ on the 4th of May, 1864. During this interval the army was made comfortable in pleasant and healthy cantoninents. Supplies of all kinds were issued in ample quantities. * See Vol. XXI, p. 146. Portions of report omitted relate to the Gettysburg campaign (Vol. XXVII), and to operations of the Army of the Potomac from Au- gust 4 to December 31,1863 (Vol. XXIX) Page 277 C1~AP. XLVIII.] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 277 The troops were recruited, reorganized, and thoroughly disciplined. The means of transportation were also reorgamzed, and reduced to correspond very nearly with the present allowance. (See copy of Lieutenant-General Grants order herewith, marked A.) The cav- alry and artillery arms were well supplied with horses. Probably no army on the earth ever before was in better condition in every respect than was the Army of the Potomac on the 4th of May, 1864. I have already given many detailed statements showing in what manner the trains of this great army have been conducted, under almost every variety of circumstances. You have seen us on the advance, in close pursuit of the enemy, in battle, in retreat, and on flank movements. I have shown what great duties the officers of your Department are called upon to perform, and how impossible it is for any army to succeed with a badly organized and inefficient quartermasters department. I have shown how admirably the quartermasters of these armies have uniformly performed their duties, and to what high degree of accomplishment they have at- tained. I have reported to you in minute detail the preparations and equipment for an active campaignChancellorsville, for in- stancewhat the troops and trains were made to carry. I have described our lines of supply, the establishment of depots, and the manner of supplying a large army. Copies of my principal orders and reports are on file in your office. Therefore I shall only give a general and brief view of the oper- ations of our department for the remainder of the fiscal year. The grand campaign, from the Rapidan to the James, opened on the 4th of May, 1864, under the immediate presence and supervision of Lieutenant-General Grant, commanding Armies of the United States. Major-General Meade commanded the Army of the Poto- mac. This campaign, for convenience of reference, is divided (by the direction of General Meade) into five epochs, as follows: First epoch: The crossing of the Rapidan and the battles of the Wilderness. Second epoch: The march to Spotsy]vania, and the operations in front of that place. Third epoch: The march to the North Anna, and the operations on that river. Fourth epoch: The march across the Pamunkey, including the operations on the Totopotomoy and at Cold Harbor. Fifth epoch: The march across the Chickahominy and the James, including the assault on Petersburg, July 30. The forces that composed the armies on the Rapidan were as fol- lows: The Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps, the cavalry, and the Ar- tillery Reserve and Engineer Brigade constituted the Army of the Potomac, under General Meade, and the Ninth Corps under General Buruside, making about 125,000 effective men. There were 4,300 wagons, 835 ambulances, 29,945 artillery, cavalry, ambulance, and team horses; 4,046 private horses; 22,528 mules; making an aggregate of 56,499 animals. It was ordered that the troops should take with them 50 rounds of ammunition upon the person; three days full rations in their haversacks; three days bread and small rations in their knapsacks, and three days beef on the hoof. The supply trains were loaded with ten days forage (grain) and ten of subsistence. One-half of the ammunition, intrenching tools, and ambulance wagons, a few light spring wagons and pack animals only, were allowed to a Page 278 278 OPERATIO1~S I~ SE. VA. ANP ~. C. CHAP. XLVIII. company the troops. All other trains were assembled at Richards yule, and placed, as heretofore, undei~ my direction, with a view tc crossing the Rapidan by bridges at Elys Ford and Culpeper Mine Ford. The army was pnt in motion on the 4th. On that day the depot at Brandy Station and other points on the railroad, as far as the Rappahannock, were broken up, and all extra and surplus property; with the depot officers and employ~s were sent in to Alexandria. These officers were directed to await orders, and are the same thai subsequently -took positions and opened our flying depots at Aquia, Belle Plain, Fredericksburg, Port Royal, White House, and City Point, as the army fonght its bloody way along and approache within striking distance of these points. So soon as the army ma& the passage of the Rapidan into the Wilderness the trains were im mediately crossed at the fords before mentioned and parked nea. that river. The crossing was hastened in conseqnence of the move ments of the enemys cavalry on the north side. The battles of the Wilderness at once threw many thonsan wonnded npon our department for transportation to the rear. Tin medical department had 110 more ambulances than were absolutel3 necessary on the immediate fields of battle. My first effort was t send the wounded in our empty wagons to Rappahannock Station t meet cars for which I had telegraphed yon; but, after the train; were actually loaded with wounded, and after you had dispatche cars, it became necessary to send them into Fredericksburg, on ac count of the presence of rebel cavalry at Elys Ford. Communicati& ns were quickly opened with Aquia and Belle Plain and in a few days the navy cleared the river of obstructions t Fredericksburg. Our wounded were at first sent to Belle Plain, an( thence by water to the different hospitals. The most severe case were kept in Fredericksburg some time. In a few days the Aqui- railroad was repaired to the north bank at Fredericksburg, and w~ used to take away many wounded. Vessels ascended the Rappahar nock also for the same pnrpose. The same system of transportatio for wounded was pursued throughout the campaign as in the Wi derness. Our empty wagons, as a rule, carried most of the wounde from the field hospitals to the depots, and returned laden with forag and subsistence. During the first epochfrom May 4 to 13, inclusiveour traii occupied the plank road from Chancellorsville via Alrichs to Tal ernacle Church, and to the south at Piney Branch Church an Alsops, changing parks according to movements of our troops the enemy. On the evening and night of the 13th, the army mac its first flank movement to Spotsylvania, and the trains were co centrated on the 14th on the bluffs at Fredericksburg. During the second epochfrom the 14th to the 20th, inclusiveti trains were parked at Fredericksburg, and our depots remained n. changed. Several trains of wounded were sent in under the dire tion of niyself and the medical director. The third epoch embraces the interval of time between the 21st a~ 26th, inclnsive. The line of Fredericksburg, Belle Plain, and Api was now abandoned, and the depot established at Port Royal. C the 20th, the main trains were assembled near Guineys Station, nnd the immediate charge of Capt. L. H. Peirce, assistant chief qnartc master, Army of the Potomac, and were conducted by him, und my daily orders, by Bowling Green to Milford Station, where t Page 279 CHAP. XLvIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 279 arrived on the 22d. On the 234, they were crossed over the Matta- pony, and parked in the open ground between the river and Wrights Tavern. On the same day our forces reached the North Anna, and commenced to cross at Jericho and other places. The trains re- mained in park near Wrights Tavern during the operations on the North Anna. Our wounded were sent to Port Royal, and supplies received from that depot. On the 24th, the army was across the North Anna, and there was heavy skirmishing with the enemy, who was in position between the two Annas, at Hanover Junction. The Ninth Corps was attached to the Army of the Potomac on this day. Headquarters crossed at Jericho Ford and encamped on the south side. The fourth epoch began on the 27th. The army was put in motion toward Hanovertown, and Nelsons and Hundleys Ferries, on the Pamunkey River. The trains recrossed the Mattapony, and passed to the rear some distance, and then advanced on the road toward Dunkirk, lower down, and to our left on the Mattapony. The army crossed the Pamunkey on the 28th, and took up position toward Cold Harbor. On the same day I sent a staff officer to White House, distant 15 miles from Hanovertown, to ascertain if Smith had arrived with the Eighteenth Corps, and if Captain Pitkin had arrived from Port Royal with his employ6s and supplies. The offi- cer returned safely at midnight and reported no arrivals. The trains arrived promptly at Hanovertown, by way of Dunkirk, crossed the Pamunkey on the 31st, and parked near Mrs. Newtons house. Cap- tain Pitkin arrived at White House same day and established the depot. On June 1, the trains were moved to New Castle and Old Church. All empty wagons were sent to White House for supplies. On the 24, our trQops took up positions in front of the enemy at Cold Harbor. Headquarters were moved to that point, and the trains sent to vicinity of Parsleys Mill, on the road to White House. On the 3d, an assault was made on the enemys intrenchments, but with- out success. The railroad from White House to Dispatch Station was rebuilt while the army remained here, and was dismantled and the material removed before the 12th, when the fifth epoch com- menced. * Very respectfully, your obedient servant, RUFUS INGALLS, Brig. Gen., U. Q. 31. of Armies operating against Richmond. Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, U. S. Army, Quartermaster- General. No. 8. Report of Brig. Gen. 3larsena R. Patrick, U. S. Army, command ing Provost Guard. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, OFFICE OF PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL, August 10, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor, in obedience to Special Orders, No. 209, headquarters Army of the Potomac, August 5, 1864, to make * For continuation of report, see Vol. XL, Part Page 280 280 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIIT. the following report of the operations of the several regiments in my command: FIRST EPOCH. Twentieth New York State Militia, Colonel Gates commanding: Regiment left Brandy Station May 4, 1864; crossed on the 5th the Rapidan at Gold Mine Ford. On the ,Gth and 7th, were guarding prisoners of war; marched a distance of about 25 miles. SECOND EPOCH. Marching dnring the 8th, 9th, 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th of May in charge of prisoners of war, and passing from near Piney Branch Church to near Fredericksburg, Salem Chnrch, to Belle Plain, and back to the rear of Fredericksbnrg; marched about 70 miles. THIRD EPOCH. Marched 21st, 22d, 23d, and 24th of May from rear of Fredericks- burg by Villeborough, Milford, where crossed Mattapony to near Wrights Tavern; marched 25 miles. FOURTH EPOCH. Marched 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st of May and 1st and 2d of June. Recrossed the Mattapony, passed through Newtown, near Dunkirk, crossed the Pamunkey at New Castle down toward the White House, Old Church, encamping at Parsleys Corners, neai Andersons Mill; marched 50 miles. * I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. R. PATRICK, Provost -Marshal-General. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. ADDENDA. OFFICE OF THE PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL, ARMIES OPERATING AGAINST RICHMOND, November 3, 1864. Brig. Gen. M. R. PATRICK, Provost-Marshal- General: GENERAL: I have the honor to state that the number of prisoners taken from the enemy by the Army of the Potomac, from May 1, 1864, is as follows: From May 1 to May12 7,078 From May 12 to July 31 6, 506 From July 31 to August 31 573 From August 31 to September 30 78 From September 30 to October 31 1, 138 Total 15,373 It is impossible to tell with any degree of definiteness on what occasions the captnres were made for the following reasons: It fre * For continuation of report, see Vol. XL, Part I Page 281 CHAP. XLV~.] T~APIDAN TO THE JAMES. 281 quently happened that prisoners did not reach headqnarters until several days after their capture, it being no uncommon thing for the captures of four or five days to be forwarded in one body. In con- sequence of the manner in which we moved no permanent record of the prisoners taken was kept until after the 27th of July, when the office at this place was established. A daily report of the prisoners of war received from the corps of the Army of the Potomac was made to Brigadier-General Williams, assistant adjutant-general, from the 1st of June until the 6th of July (at which time I left headquarters of the Army of the Potomac), and I presume is still made, as I am required to furnish the material for it. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. R. LESLIE, Captain and Provost-Marshal. No. 9. Reports of Maf Benjamin F. Fisher, Chief Signal Officer. HDQRS. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, SIGNAL DEPARTMENT, July 21, 1864. MAJOR: I have the honor to transmit the accompanying inspection report, with the following brief report of operations during the months of May and June: During these months the Army of the Potomac has been engaged in the most arduous campaign of the war, in which the signal de- tachment connected with it has occupied over sixty stations of obser- vation and communication. In addition portions of the command have been constantly kept upon the flanks and with advancing columns, seeking to gain such information and render such services as might be deemed of valuc to commanding officers. Our field of operations was mostly in regions whero we labored under many disadvautagesa level wooded country without any natural eleva- tions, yet in the face of all, the energy on the part of the officers enabled us to overcome these difficulties, and at times perform good service. At the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, the North Anna River, the Peninsula, and the James River, our glasses and flags rendered services. Since we arrived in front of Petersburg we pride our- selves that some of our reports have been very valuable. At several times, by timely information, have we enabled the commanding gen- eral to check movements on the part of the enemy that might other- wise have turned out disastrously to a portion of our army. In flag signals we have doiie little. The field telegraph formerly attached to our corps, now worked by the American Telegraph Company, has been able to keep up communication with the different points occu- pied by the army, rendering the use of field signals to the extent formerly used unnecessary, though there were several instances at the battle of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna River, and the James River, where our means of opening communication came in opportunely and rendered more or less valuable services. I shall hereafter, as soon as practicable, give a detailed report of the operations of this detachment during the campaign which is not yet closed. At this time, without drawing any comparison be Page 282 282 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. tween the several officers of this detachment, I would call the atten tion of the officer in charge of the Signal Bureau to the fact, thai two good officers, who have beeii serving upon signal duty for twc years and a half, are yet without appointments in the corps, nevej having an opportunity, so far as I can ascertain, to appear before th examining board. Should there be any further appointments mad~ in the list of first lieutenants, I wonld recommend these two offi cers viz: First Lieutenants Fuller and Neel for such positions They are eminently deservino~ and fitted for it. We occupy at present loo~kout stations at six points alono~ ou~ front and flanks, from which we command fine views of that por tion of the country through which the enemy would be likely t march in the event of their making a movement. It was impossi ble to render inspection reports for the mouths of April and May o account of the corps being scattered so much upon active duty. I have the honor to be, major, very respectfully, your obedien servant, B. F. FISHER, Capt. and Chief Signal Officer, Army of the Potomac. Maj. W. J. L. NICODEMUS, in charge of Signal Bureau, Washington, D. C. HDQRS. ARMY OF TIlE POTOMAG, SIGNAL DEPARTMENT, October [22], 1864. GENERAL: In compliance with Special Orders, No. 209, I have th honor to submit the following report of operations of the sign~ detachment connected with this army during the several epochs o the campaign, commencing with the crossing of the Rapidan upo the 4th of May, and ending with the assault on the enemys positmo in front of Petersburg upon July 30, 1864. The following was the organization of the detachment upon th 4th of May: 4 officers with the Second Army Corps, 2 with the Fift Army Corps, 2 with the Sixth Corps, and 1 with each cavalry divi~ ion, and 12 in the reserve detachment. Attached to the reserv party were 25 men equipped as pioneers, whose duty it was to co struct stations. In addition, accompanying each officer and detaci ment, were the enlisted men used as flagmen, lookouts, & c. Dunn the campaign the use of flag signals were for two reasons seldo resorted to, first, the army operated constantly as a unit and ti~ system of field telegraphing, as developed by our corps and no worked by the American Telegraph Company, enabled the comman ing general to be in constant telegraphic cOmmunicatiQu with ti several corps commanders; second, the country through which v operated was covered with dense and extensive forests and so devo of prominent points as to render flag signals, save upon several oce sions, impossible. The officers of the reserve detachment we under these circumstances instructed to keep themselves along ti flanks and advance of the army in the various movements and bf tles attending the campaign, in order to gather and forward to t commanding general any information that might be presumed to of service to him. Those with the army corps had the general structions to make themselves useful as additional aides when Page 283 0 CHAP. XLVIII.] 1~APJDAN TO THE JAMES. 283 nature of the country prevented them from doing signal service. As the services rendered during the first four epochs of the campaign were of a very general character, I would beg leave to refer to them in this report in the same manner. During the crossing of the Rapidan the stations of observation upon Stony, Pony, and Garnetts Mountains were occnpied by parties watching the movements of the enemy upon the south bank of the river, and reporting the same to the commanding general until the withdrawal of the cavalry from Culpeper County necessitated their being abandoned. Before these stations were abandoned the enemys force had nearly all disap- peared from the line of the Rapidan, and the direction taken by them learned and reported. During the battle of the Wilderness, the battles in front of Spotsylvania Court-House, the march to the North Anna, and thence to Cold Harbor, and in the several battles attending these latter movements, the officers of the detachment were almost constantly engaged in reconnoitering from the flanks of the army and tree tops in the vicinity of our lines, and made numerous reports of the enemys movements and position, which aided, more or less, the commanding general in determining the ac- tions of our axmy. In the battle of the Wilderness communication by means of flag signals was established between the headquarters of General Warren at the Lacy house and those of General Craw- ford near Parkers Store. This communication was very opportune, as the enemy, moving against this advanced position, allowed but limited time to the officer commanding in which to receive instruc- tions. Upon the 9th and 10th of May, during the operations of a por- tion of the Second Corps upon the south bank of the Po River, signal communication was opened with advantage between the sev- eral division headquarters and those of General Hancock. At this timeand upon other occasions the signal officers aided materially in directing the firing of the artillery. Upon the 19th and 20th of May the reports of Colonel Beale, commanding the enemys cav- alry covering the right flank of their army, to General Lee were in- tercepted and forwarded to the chief of staff. During the operations on the North Anna several lines of signal communication were established between the Second Corps headquarters and the several divisions upon the opposite side of the river. From this point until we reached the James River our services were confined entirely to making observations. To indicate the character of these observa- tions I would beg leave to insert here a paragraph from the report of Capt. P. A. Taylor, the signal officer in charge with the Second Corps, to wit: On the 30th of May Lieutenants Holland and Neel were directed to occupy the station at the Shelton house, where our batteries were established, to direct their fire, and give the general commanding any information of the enemys position and movements which they might observe. The enemys batteries were posted on the opposite side of the creek, at a distance of not more than 700 yards from ours, and kept up a fire during the entire day. Lieutenants Holland and Neel remained on duty at this station when every person around them had left, and sent frequent reports for the information of the commanding general, besides directing the fire of our batteries. Fifty shots from the enemys batteries passed through the house, upon the roof of which Lieutenants Holland and Neel were stationed; solid shot cut down trees all around them, yet they remained firm at their posts of duty. * * * General Hancock, on hearing of their behavior on this occasion, sent at once a special dispatch to General Meade, commending his signal officers for great gallantry, mentioning the names of Lieutenants Holland and Neel Page 284 284 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. It was under difficulties of this character that the several officers of the corps sought to render service. During the operations in the vicinity of Cold Harbor, six stations of observation were established and various movements of the enemy discovered. * I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. F. FISHER, Major and Chief Signal Officer, Army of the Potomac. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, As8istant Adjutant- General. No. 10. Report of Brig. Gen. Henry J. Hunt, U. S. Army, Chief of Artillery. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, ARTILLERY HEADQUARTERS, October 31, 1864. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the artillery of this army during the present campaign, commencing May 4, 1864, and ending October 31, 1864: On May 4, the artillery was distributed, organized, and commanded as follows: The artillery of the Second Army Corps (Major-General Hancock) consisted of nine batteries of six guns each, or thirty Napoleons (light 12-pounders), and twenty-four 3-inch rifled ordnance guns, 46 officers, 1,395 enlisted men, and 1,095 horses, and of one battalion (Lieutenant-Colonel Allcocks) of the Fourth New York Foot Artillery, 19 officers and 517 men. The whole constituted a brigade, under the command of Col. J. C. Tidball, Fourth New York Foot Artillery. BATTERIES OF THE SECOND CORPS. Napoleons. 3-inch. Browns (B), 1st Rhode Island 6 Arnolds (A), 1st Rhode Island 6 Ames (G), 1st New York 6 Sleepers, 10th Massachusetts 6 Gilliss (C and I) 5th United States ... 6 Ricketts (F), 1st Pennsylvania 6 Roders (K), 4th United States 6 I Edgells (A), 1st New Hampshire 6 Dows, 6th Maine 6 I The artillery of the Fifth Army Corps (Major-General Warren) consisted of eight batteries of six guns each, or twenty-four Napo- leons, eighteen 3-inch ordnance, and six 10-pounder Parrott guns, 44 officers, and 1,470 enlisted men, and 914 horses; and of one bat- talion (Major Arthurs) Fourth New York Foot Artillery, 12 officers, 432 men, constituting a brigade, under the command of Col. C. S. Wainwright, First New York Light Artillery. BATTERIES OF THE FIFTH CORPS. Stewarts (B), 4th United States, 6 Na- Rittenhouses (D), 5th United States, 6 poleons. Parrotts. Winslows (D), 1st New York, 6 Napo- Phillips (E), Massachusetts, 6 3-inch. leons. Reynolds (B and L), 1st New York, 6 Minks (H), 1st New York, 6 Napoleons. 3-inch. Martins (C), Massachusetts, 6 Napoleons. Coopers (B), 1st Pennsylvania, 6 3-inch. * For continuation of report, see Vol. XL, Part I Page 285 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 285 The artillery of the Sixth Army Corps (Major-General Sedgwick), consisted of eight batteries of six guns each, twenty-four Napoleons, eighteen 3-inch ordnance, and six 10-pounder Parrott guns, 55 officers, 1,170 men, and 915 horses, and of one battalion (Sears) Fourth New York Foot Artillery, 15 officers, 517 men, constituting a brigade nuder the command of Col. C. H. Tompkins, First Rhode Island Light Artillery. BATTERIES OF THE SIXTH CORPS. McKnights (M), 5th United States, 6 Na- Robinsons, 4th Maine, 6 3-inch. poleons. Adams (G), 1st Rhode Island, 6 3-inch. McCartneys (A), Massachusetts, 6 Na- Cowans, 1st New York Independent, 6 poleons 3-inch. Bucklyns (E), 1st Rhode Island, 6 Napo- Watermans (C), 1st Rhode Island, 6 Par- leons. rotts. Hams, 3d New York, 6 Napoleons. The Horse Artillery, twelve batteries, sixteen Napoleons and forty- six 3-inch ordnance guns, 43 officers, 1,714 men, and 2,064 horses, was organized into two brigades. The First Brigade, nuder the command of Capt. James M. Robertson, Second U. S. Artillery, con- sisted of six batteries, eight Napoleons and twenty-four 3-inch guns, and was attached to the Cavalry Corps (Major-General Sheridan). The Second Brigade, under the command of Capt. Dunbar R. Ran- som, Third U. S. Artillery, consisted of six batteries, eight Napo- leons, and twenty-two 3-inch ordnance guns, and was held in reserve and attached to the Reserve Artillery of the army. BATTERIES OF HORSE ARTILLERY. First Brigade, Captain Robertson. Willistons (D), 2d United States, 4 Na- Fitzhughs (C and B), 4th United States, poleons 6 3-inch. Kings (A), 4th United States, 4 Napo- Martins, 6th New York, 6 3-inch. leons. Penningtons (M), 2d United States, 6 Heatons (B and L), 2d United States, 6 3-inch. 3-inch. Second Brigade, Captain Ransom. Randols (H and I), 1st United States, 4 Egans (K), 1st United States, 6 3-inch. Napoleons. Clarkes (A), 2d United States, 6 3-inch. Dennisons (G), 2d United States, 4 Na- Kellys (C, F, and K), 3d United States, poleons. 6 3-inch. Porters (B and G), 1st United States, 4 3-inch. The Reserve Artillery, under the command of Col. H. S. Burton, Fifth U. S. Artillery, consisted of two regiments of foot artillery, the Sixth New York, Col. J. Howard Kitching; the Fifteenth New York, Col. L. Schirmer, twelve batteries of field artillery, twenty- six Napoleons, eighteen 3-inch, and twelve 10-pounder and six 20- pounder Parrotts, and of eight 24-pounder Coehorn mortars. The troops of the reserve were organized into three brigades. The first, under the command of Col. J. Howard Kitching, Sixth New York Artillery, consisted of the Sixth and Fifteenth New York Regiments, six battalions of foot artillery armed as infantry, 84 officers, and 2, 901 nmemi. Tids brigade formed the escQrt and furnished the guard Page 286 28G OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. for the reserve and the park attached to it, and was at all times dis- posable as a reserve and to re-enforce the corps in battle. In this way it did valuable service, taking its full share of the marching and fighting of the army in addition to its special duties. The Second Brigade consisted of six batteries, six 20-pounder Parrotts, twelve 10-pounder Parrotts, four 3-inch ordnance and ten Napoleon gnus, 33 officers, 837 men, and 647 horses, under the command of Maj. J. A. Tompkins, First Rhode Island Artillery. The Third Brigade consisted of six batteries, sixteen Napoleons, and fourteen 3-inch ordnance guns, 24 officers, 734 men, and 604 horses, under the command of Maj. R. H. Fitzhugh, First New York Light Artillery. The eight 24-pounder Coehorn mortars with iQO rounds each of am- munition were served by a detachment of Fifteenth New York Foot Artillery. BATTERIES OF THE ARTILLERY RESERVE. Second Brigade, Maj. J. A. Tompkins. Third Brigade, Maj. R. H. Fitzhugh. Tafts, 5th New York, 6 20-pounder Par- Ewings (II), 1st Ohio, 6 3-inch. rotts. Burtons, 11th New York, 4 3-inch. Hexamers (A), 1st New Jersey, 6 10- Barnes (C), 1st New York, 4 3-inch. pounder Parrotts. Brinekies (E), 5th United States, 6 Napo- Sheldons (B), 1st New York, 6 10- leons. pounder Parrotts, Harts, 15th New York, 4 Napoleons. Clarks (B), 1st New Jersey, 6 Napo- Bigelows, 9th Massachusetts, 6 Napo- leons. leons. Stevens, 5th Maine, 4 Napoleons. McKnights, 12th New York, 4 3-inch. SUPPLY OF AMMUNITION. Each Napoleon gun and 20-pounder Parrott transported in the chests of the piece and caisson 128 rounds of ammunition, and each other rifle gun 200 rounds, excepting the rifle guns of the Horse Artillery, which had 150 rounds in the chests. The campaign allow- ance for each gun having been fixed at 250 rounds, there was assigned to each brigade a special ammunition column of ordinary wagons to transport the remainder, which formed in each brigade a reserve for supply of all its batteries. In addition 20 rounds per gun for each gun in the army was carried in the trains of the Artillery Reserve, so that the total supply carried with the army was 270 rounds per gun. Thus the artillery with the army at the commencement of the campaign consisted of forty-nine batteries, with 274 field guns, of which 120 were 12-pounder Napoleous (smooth-bore) and 154 rifled; 8 Coehorn mortars, 657 artillery carriages, including caissons, battery wagons, and forges; 373 officers, 11,691 men, 6,239 horses, besides 609 wagons and 3,721 animals, for the transport of the ammunition, & c. It formed eight brigades, four of which constituted the reserve under my immediate command, the other four being attached to army corps. The batteries had been carefully and diligently in- structed by their commanders, under the supervision of the chiefs of artillery while in their winter camps, and were well manned, horsed, and equipped. At no time, indeed, had the artillery of this army as a wbole been in so good condition as when it entered upon this campaign. Its principal defects were, first, a want of general and field officers, a subject to which I called attention in my report of thc bt~ttle~ of Fredericksburg, Chanccllorsville, and Gettysburg Page 287 RAP. XLVIII.] RAPIPAN TO THE JAMES. 287 rid second, of a code of regulations for its government which should e binding on all branches of the service. These defects have in- tired its efficiency and usefulness to the prejudice of its reputation, aused a misapplication of its powers, and added to its cost, but they re defects for which the artillery itself is riot responsible. On the 4th of May the army broke up its camps near Culpeper ~ourt-House and crossed the Rapidan, the artillery brigades at- ached to troops following their respective corps. The Reserve Artil- ~y, under the command of Colonel Burton, crossed the river with 5 trains and stores at Elys Ford, pushed beyond Hunting Creek, rid camped near Chancellorsville. On the 5th, it followed the Sec- ud Corps to near the Furnaces, but was ordered back to Hawkins hurch, at the intersection of the Chancellorsville plank road with te Old Wilderness turnpike, where it remained during the battle f the Wilderness. At daybreak of the 6th, Kitchiugs brigade of )ot artillery reported by my order to Major-General Warren near ie Lacy house, with all its available men, including the guards of e trains, & c., and went into action with General Wadsworths di- sion. On the 7th, it was employed in throwing up intrenchments General Warrens front. On the same day, in consequence of a port that a body of the enemys troops, including infantry, were arching down the Rapidan, a battery of the Reserve was ordered Elys Ford for the protection of the trains there and to cover the rd. That afternoon the Reserve Artillery marched to Piney anch Church, which p lace it reached on the morning of the 8th, hen Kitchings brigade of foot artillery was ordered to report to ajor-General Hancock, at Todds Tavern. General Hancock ordered back to the Reserve the same night and again called for it the next 9rning. From this time this brigade was marched to and fro from e corps to another, being always either in action or on the march til it was finally, on the breaking up of the Reserve, attached to o Fifth Corps, Major-General Warren. From the 8th to the 16th o Coehorn mortars were employed wherever circumstances would rmit of their use, and always with good results, and the caissons the Reserve batteries kept up the supply of ammunition to the ps batteries in action. The Reserve itself moved its position from y to day, being generally encamped between the trains and the ny, furnishing guards for the trains and pieces to command the ds and approaches, and for the defense of Fredericksburg. On 16th, the Reserve was by superior orders broken up, and the teries composing it ordered to Washington. In order to retain organizations; men an(l material, in this army, the reduction of is contemplated was, upon my recomimeudation, effected by ricing each mounted battery in the army to four guns, retaining extra caissons and ordering the surplus guns and Tafts battery Washington. This battery being engaged in the battle of Spot- vania Court-House did not leave for Washington until the night he 18th. ~olonel Burton, commanding the Reserve, was ordered to report to commanding general as inspector of artillery on his staff; the I officers, with the exception of Lieutenant-Colonel McGilvery, gued to the artillery brigades of the corps, and the different staffs dyed. The ammunition train remained under the command of titenant-Colonel McGilvery, as a distinct organization, with one alion of the Fifteenth New York Foot Artillery. This guard was Aequently reduced to one company. The Reserve Artillery of thi Page 288 288 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [ChAP. XLVIII. army was organized in the autumn and winter of 1861 and 1862, and the experience of many campaigns has proved its great value. Its records prove that on the field it has done its full share of the fight- ing and borne its due proportion of the losses of the artillery, while it has rendered other and fully as important services. At many of our principal battles, notably at Malvern Hill and Antietam, its ammunition trains supplied the batteries of the divisions, many of which would otherwise have been rendered useless. Whenever, from the character of the ground or from other circumstances, the ordinary aiuount of artillery attached to troops proved insufficient, it has supplied the deficiency. Its batteries in all our great battles have always gone into action at critical moments, and almost invari- ably every gun has been called for and employed. Especially was this the case at Malvern, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. It has also been of great value in another way. Batteries in the corps losing their efficiency either from the want of men or material, the incompetency of their officers or casualties of battle, have been at once replaced from the Reserve, thus keeping the army corps fnlly effective and giving the broken-down batteries the necessary oppor- tunity and supervision to restore them. In this way the Reserve Artillery has kept up the efficiency of that of the whole army. I have considered this notice of the Reserve Artillery as necessary under the circumstances in order to guard against the inferences which might be drawn from the order to break it up. The inconveniences that have since been felt from the want of it, the order to return the guns to the batteries, now being executed, and the fact that it has been found necessary to keep up the reality, without the proper or- ganization of the Reserve, in order to insure supplies of ammuiiition to the army and to furnish a place for surplus unattached and disa- bled batteries, his clearly vindicated the principle of the necessity of such an organization in a large army. The mounted batteries of the Reserve Artillery were transferred to the corps, giving each of the three corps twelve batteries of four guns each. Ma]or Hazard was assigned to the Second, Major Fitzhugh to the Fifth, Lieutenant-Colonel Monroe to the Sixth Corps. To the Second Corps: Clarks (B), First New Jersey, four Napo- leons; McKnights, Twelfth New York, four 3-inch; Burtons, Eleventh New York, four 3-inch. To the Fifth Corps: Bigelows, Ninth Massachusetts, four Napo- leons; Harts, Fifteenth New York, four Napoleons; Sheldons (B), First New York, four Parrotts; Barnes (C), First New York, four 3-inch. To the Sixth Corps: Briuckles , United States, four Napo- leons; Stevens, Fifth Maine, four Napoleons; Hexamors (A), First New Jersey, four Parrotts; Ewings (H), First Ohio, four 3-inch. On the afternoon of May 19, near Spotsylvania Court-House, an attack was made by Ewells corps on Tylers division of foot artil- lery. By direction of Major-General Meade, I ordered two batter- ies each of the Second and Sixth Corps to the point of attack and took the direction of the artillery in person, the batteries of the Fifth Corps being under the direction of Major Fitzhugh and those of the Second under Colonel Tidball. After a sharp action, in which the batteries rendered good service, the enemy was repulsed. On the 28th of May, the Ninth Corps having been assigned to the Army of the Potomac, the nine batteries belonging to its divisions (the Re~o~ye Artillery of the corps having beQij Qrdered to Belle Page 289 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAK TO THE JAMES. 289 Plain, and subsequently to Washington) were reported to me. There was no brigade or distinct administrative organization for the artillery of the corps, and the trains of the other corps and of the reserve park were put in requisition to supply them. BATTERIES OF THE NINTH CORPS. Eatons, 27th New York, 6 Napoleons. Jones, 11th Massachusetts, 4 3-inch. Rogers, 19th New York, 6 Napoleons. Roemers, 34th New York, 4 3-inch. TwitcheLls, 7th Maine, 6 Napoleons. Durells (D), Pennsylvania 4 3-inch. Wrights, 14th Massachusetts, 4 3-inch. Starts, 3d Vermont, 4 3-inch. Thomas, 2d Maine, 4 3-inch. On the 30th, Lieutenant-Colonel Monroe was assigned to the com- mand of the artillery of the corps, the rifle batteries were reduced to four guns each, and immediate measures taken to procure horses, ammunition, & c. The batteries were soon put in good condition and consisted of eighteen Napoleons and twenty-four rifles. On the 31st of May, in obedience to instructions from Major-Gen- eral Meade, the Horse Artillery was reorganized, reduced to eight batteries of four guns each, one section consisting of Napoleons and one of 3-inch guns, and formed into a single brigade. HORSE ARTILLERY BRIGADE, Capt. J. M. Robertson: Egans (K), First United States; Randols (H and I), First United States; Clarkes (A), Second United States; Heatons (B and L), Second United States; Willistons (D), Second United States; Penningtons (M), Second United States; Kellys (C, F, and K) Third United States; Fitzhughs (C and E), Fourth United States. The reorganization was effected by Capt. J. M. Robertson, under in- structions from these headquarters, and when completed the brigade reported to Major-General Sheridan, commanding the Cavalry Corps, for duty. The remaining batteries of Horse Artillery, viz, Porters, (E and G), First United States; Dennisons (G), Second United States; Kings (A), Fourth United States; and Martins, Sixth New York In- dependent, after turning over their serviceable artillery horses and transportation for the use of this army, were ordered to Washing- ton, to report to Brigadier-General Howe, inspector-general of ar- tillery. On the 2d and 3d of June, at the battle of Cold Harbor, several batteries were detailed from the Second and Sixth Corps for service with the Eighteenth, and a large quantity of ammunition drawn from our reserves and batteries for the supply of those of the Eighteenth Corps. June 6, in consequence of the good service ren- dered by the Coehorn mortars, and their demonstrated usefulness, six were ordered for permanent assignment to each corps darmde. * HENRY J. HUNT, Brig. Gem., Chief of Artillery, Army of the Potomac. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Asst. Adjt. Gem. ADDENDA. Extracts from Journal of Brig. Gem. Henry J. Hunt, Chief of Artillery. May 5, 1864.Left camp about 5.45 a. m. At 7.40 a. in., when near General Warrens headquarters, received information that the * For continuation of report, see Vol. XL, part I, 19 R HVOL XXXVI, PT Page 290 290 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. enemy were coming down the Orange pike and forming line in front of General Griffins division; that large clouds of dust were hang- ing over the road. General Wilsons [cavalry] reported not on the pike, as according to General Humphreys they were ordered to be; 8.40 a. in., sent orders to Colonel Burton; 4.10 p. in., General Han- cocks ai~tack commenced, judging from the report of infantry and artillery; 7 p. in., ordered the brigade of artillery reserve, Colonel Kitching, to be sent up by daylight to-morrow to ~join the attack on the enemy. Two guns lost from Winslows battery. They were pushed out (and so far as I can learn, a very proper risk) by General Griffin. The troops on their left were driven in. The enemy came behind them from their right; the officers and men mostly killed or captured. The guns laying near our line on the 6th would have been withdrawn by Colonel Wainwright, who had orders for the purpose in the night, but for the report that General Griffin had fallen back early in the evening. N. B. General Griffin did not fall back until late at night. Did not inform Colonel Wainwright in time and did not himself recover the guns. May 6.-3.15 a. in., an officer from Colonel Kitching reports to me the brigade of foot artillery is on the way up, ordered to report to General Warren; 8 a. in., examined ground designated by General Griffin for a large battery. General Griffin proposed to put three or four batteries in position on a ridge in front of the enemys works, and in an open place some 400 to 500 yards across and between the lines. Colonel Wainwright objected. General Griffin asked that a competent officer might examine the ground. I was sent. Found the enemy intrenched some few hundred yards in front of the pro- posed place; the guns near where the two guns were lost yesterday extended along our front. On the right our line bent backward, the enemy parallel to it. On the prolongation of the ridge where the enemys line crossed it, he had guns which completely enfiladed the ridge. The fire of these gnns and of the enemy in front, both infan- try and artillery, made the position utterably untenable. On my examining the right of the proposed position, Colonel Upton, who was there, strongly remonstrated against placing the guns. First, because the enemys batteries completely swept the ridge, and was then firing parallel to it and our line and behind us; second, because the artillery fire which it would draw would enfilade our lines of infantry behind the ridge. Again, the worst possible point to make an attack on the enemy was on the works in front of the proposed battery. These views completely coincided with those of Colonel Wainwright and my own. There was but one proper way to act, to throw forward the right of our line (Sixth Corps) to gain the com- mand of the ridge, and then when a flank attack was made on the works in front the battery could be thrown forward to the ridge to aid. The proposition to put the battery on the ridge was a pure absurdity. 10.35 a. in., saw orders dated 10.35 a. m. to Generals Warren and Sedgwick to suspend their attack and report their sur- plus men with a view to make a concentrated attack on the enemys right. 1 p. in., ordered by General Meade to place batteries on the ridge east of the plank road so as to command the woods and open- ings facing toward General Hancocks attack, to be ready to repel the enemy should he succeed in driving Hancock in. 1.10 p. in., ordered one of Edwards batteries into position on the ridge behind Old Wilderness Tavern; 2 p. in., ordered Major Tompkins to plac Page 291 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 291 two 3ther batteries and look for additional positions; ordered Col- onel Tompkins to keep a good lookout and throw in more batteries should it be found necessary; 2.30 p. in., reported that a force of the enemys infantry is moving down the Rapidan on both north and south sides. Reserve ammunition and supply trains near Old Wil- derness Tavern ordered toward Elys Ford; also one battery from Artillery Reserve to take position at Elys Ford, on the south side, to cover the north side; 8.20 p. in., sent notice to Colonel Burton that General Sedgwicks right is driven in and the enemy formed across the road, to harness up, have his men at their posts, and if necessary to move before getting further orders, to go to Chancel- lorsville to put himself under protectioii of the cavalry; to send me 1 or 2 officers to convey further instructions; 9.15 p. in., ordered Captain Edwards to take his batteries of reserve of the Ninth Corps to a position between headquarters and Colonel Burton. May 7 (Satnrday).5.45 p. in., Lieutenant Bissell took to Colonel Burton a dispatch from general headquarters notifying him that a division of Ninth Corps would join hini on a defense, in addition to the foot artillery brigade of Kitching, against an attack of the en- emys infantry, said to be passing down the other side of the Rap- idan. (Note.Kitchings brigade still on the route from the Fifth Corps.) 6 p. ni., Lieutenant Berlin took a dispatch to Colonel Bur- ton telling him where the infantry division would rejoin its corps; 9 p. in., left camp at Old Wilderness Tavern for Spotsylvania Court- House. Reached Todds Tavern at 2 a. m. of the 8th of May; staid until morning, then headquarters moved to Piney Branch Church. May 8.Headquarters left camp near Piney Branch Church about 2 p.m. No. 11. Report of Maj. Nathaniel Michler, Gorps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Acting Chief Engineer. HDQRs. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, October 20, 1864. GENERAL: An extract from Special Orders, No. 209, headquarters Army of the Potomac, August 5, 1864, directs corps and other inde- pendent commanders to report the part taken by their troops in the several operations of the campaign from the crossing of the Rapidan to the assault on the eneuiys l)OsitiOn in front of Petersburg, July 30. Iii the absence of Maj. J. C. Duane, U. S. Corps of Engineers, who during the period above specified acted as chief engineer of this army, I have the honor to forward the accompanying reports* ad- dressed to him by Capt. George H. Mendell, commanding the bat- talion of U. S. Engineers, dated August 5, and that of Lient. Col. Ira Spaulding, commanding detachment Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers, dated August 30, setting forth in detail the operations of their respective commands during ~he period above specified. These reports, in addition to the interesting information contained concerning the passage of a large army by pontoon bridges over the several rivers encountered on its march, and the facility, ease, and promptness with which a thoroughly trained body of engineer troops * See pj. 304, 31Y Page 292 [CHAP. XLVIII. 292 OPEEATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. can accomplish such important duties, also bear testimony to the zeal, energy, and ability displayed by both officers and men, and to the important services rendered by this arm of the service, not only during the weary marches of a long and trying campaign, but also in the preparation and execution of the more tedious operations of the siege. In justice to those attached to the engineer party at the headquar- ters of the army, both officers and civil assistants, and to show the nature and extent of the labors performed by them, I beg leave to submit a brief synopsis of the duties connected with the topograph- ical department, the special charge of which had been for several months previous to and during the campaign under my immediate care and direction. In addition I would wish to state the different occasions on which the several officers of engineers on duty with the army were detailed from their respective commands, and under per- sonal instructions from the chief engineer performed valuable pro- fessional labors. As that officer is not here to attend to what would no doubt prove a pleasing and interesting duty to him, and one which he is so well able to perform, having been compelled to leave the field in consequence of partial sunstroke received the very last day of the period covered by this report, it becomes necessary for me to undertake the preparation of a general summary of the oper- ations of the department. During the winter nionths previous to the opening of the spring canipaign, from the 10th of December to the 1st of May, a large number of original drawings of campaign maps were prepared under my di- rection (twenty-nine sheets in all), comprising the country from Gettysburg south to Petersburg, and from the Chesapeake Bay as far west as Lexington, in readiness for the movement of the army in what- ever direction it might march after breaking up the winter camps near the Rappahannock River and along the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. The scale adopted was 1 mile to the inch, being the most convenient by which to make any addition or corrections on the different sheets, the distances being more readily measured without instruments. These maps were compiled from actual surveys and reconnaissances made by the officers and assistants of the engineer department on duty with the army at various times, both during the previous movements of the troops in other portions of the country, and throughout the more recent operations between the Rapidan and Bull Run, and by such additional matter as could be obtained from the best authorities, both State and country. In searching for the latter, the series of maps prepared by the Bureau of Topograph- ical Engineers of the War Department proved of the utmost utility. The copies furnished by the U. S. Coast Survey of the maps of the several rivers likely to be encountered, such as the Rappahannock, the York and the James, and the chart of the Chesapeake Bay, were also invaluable. When prepared, the sheets were successively forwarded to the Bureau of Engineers at Washington, with the re- quest to have them either photographed, lithographed, or engraved. By the time the army was ready to move, they were distributed for general use, each of them covering an area of 8Th square miles, and subdivided into 5 miles square for the sake of easy reference. In addition to these detailed maps, the following general ones were distributed among the officers of the command: Central Virginia, compiled in the Bureau of Topographical Engineers of the War ]I~epartment, scale ~ inch, and part of the map of the Militar Page 293 CHAP. XLVIII.) 1~APJDA~ TO THE JAMES. 293 Department of Southeast Virginia and Fort Monroe, compiled in the Bureau of Topographical Engineers of the War Department, scale ~Yt~ inch. The Bureau also kindly furnished others for reference, viz: Part of the map of the Military Department of Sontheast Vir- ginia and Fort Monroe, showing the approaches to Richmond and Petersburg, scale ~ inch, and Nos. 1, 2, and 3 of the Peninsular Campaign maps, together with the Henrico County map, the former engraved, and the two latter photographed for the use of the armies operating against Richmond. The detailed map of Northeast Vir- ginia and vicinity of Washington, scale 1 inch to the mile, com- piled under the direction of Maj. A. W. Whipple, U. S. Topograph- ical Engineers, was also placed at the disposal of this department. At different intervals during the several months previous to the opening of the spring campaign a great many reconnaissances and surveys had been pushed as far as the different fords of the Rapidan and that section ot the country hadbecome accurately known. The movements of the army in November and December, 1863, between the Rapidan and Mine Run, had also furnished some very important information which subsequently proved of great value. Beyond the latter narrow strip of local knowledge along the Rapidan, the expe- rience gained in the memorable campaign of the Army of the Poto- mac during the months of May and June of 1864 showed very con- clusively that however well the only accessible maps might have served the purposes of general knowledge, still they furnish but little of that detailed information so necessary in selecting and ordering the different routes of marching columns, and were too de- cidedly deficient in accuracy and detail to enable a general to maneuver with certainty his troops in the face of a brave and ever- watchful enemy. This was more especially the case as the country in itself proved to be of the worst and most impractic& ble character a most difficult one for executing any combined movement. This may appear strange to those who reflect that the Commonwealth of Virginia is among the oldest of the States of the Union. They neces- sarily conclude that her archives should contain the most perfect geographical and topographical material for mapping her extensive domains. The proof that such has not been the case, and that this great want has been felt by her own military officers, is shown by the large surveying parties kept by them constantly in the field. Some of the results of their labors have lately fallen into my hands, a few excellent maps having been captured which bear evidence of very recent construction. On the face of them not oiily appear their familiar names, but the distinguishing peculiarities of workmanship of assistants emplQyed on different Government sur- veys at the very commencement of the war. Although the enemy has no doubt suffered at times from want of accurate maps, still he at all times possessed a superior knowledge of the country, and could always obta7in ~~eliable guides from among its inhabitants, thus affording him a very great advantage over his adversary. In order to be able to cope with him with anything like equal advantage it soon became apparent that the difficulties to which reference has been made would not only have to be overcome by gathering mate. rial with the onward march of the army, but that the desired infor- ination would have to be obtained in anticipation of any move. To accomplish this the officers and assistants of my party were kept constantly occupied both day and night; they were not only called upon to prepare the much needed maps with the detailed corrections Page 294 IcHAP. XLvIII. 294 OPET2~ATT0NS IN S1~. VA. AND N. C. but also in the entire absence of reliable guides to act as such to the different columns, either as they moved along their respective routes of march or while maneuvering for favorable positions previous to an attack. Maj. John E. Weiss, commissioned by the Governor of the State of Kentucky, acted as my principal assistant, and Capt. W. II. Paine, additional aide-de-camp, was also attached to the Engineer Depart- ment as an assistant. In addition to these there were seven civil as- sistants,besides several men detailed from the ranks to act in various capacities. The names of the former are Mr. Ferd. Theilkuhl, W. Burchard, Franz Schumann, E. Myers, L. C. Oswell, George L. Crane, and John H. Mullen. Some of them had been connected for a long time with the Army of the Potomac, and had gained great ex- perience in making rapid reconnaissances and surveys, and in execut- ing topographical sketches. Their duties commenced immediately after crossing the Rapidan, the surveys being connected with those previously extended to that river, and progressed without interrup- tion or re~t until the army arrived in front of Petersburg; nor- did they then cease, but have continued along without any interruption to the present time. Each and every road within the lines of the army was examined and surveyed, and their researches were pushed as far to the front and on the flanks as it was compatible with safety to go without incurring any unnecessary risk of capture. The notes were immediately plotted and the maps compiled and at once photographed for the use of the officers of the command. In addi- tion to the general topographical features of the country being represented, the respective lines of battle taken up at different times and at various localities were located. These were executed under the fire of the sharpshooters, and as well as the constant daily fight- ing would permit. As rapidly as any new information could be procured new editions of the maps would be prepared and photo- graphed, and widely distributed. In this way, from the crossing of the Rapidan on the 4th of May to the explosion of the mine on the 30th of July, severah editions of each of eleven separate sheets were arranged and issued, comprising surveys which cover an area of 737 square miles. In addition to the surveys already referred to there were several others not embraced on the photograph sketches, com- prism g one from the Germanna Ford to Petersburg, taken by the headquarters train of wagons along which the measurements were made by an odometer, a distance of over 179 miles, and also those niade in company with the cavalry expeditions under Major-General Sheridan, the first from Chancellorsville to Haxalls Lauding on the James River, and the last from Cold Harbor to Trevilian Station on the Virginia Central road and back to the White House, in the ag- gregate a distance of 310 miles. These actual surveys have since been compiled with information obtained from maps captured from the enemy, and the original series of campaign sheets corrected by this additional matter. Six sheets have thus been improved upon, including those styled Culpeper, Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, Hanover, Richmond, and Petersburg, the originals of the first five of which are in the hands of the crngraver, having been previously photographed for any immediate use. On the 9th of July, the date of the order directing that the oper- ations of this army against the intrenched position of the enemy de- fending Petersburg will be by regular approaches, a trigonometrical survey of the environs of that city was commenced, showing th Page 295 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 295 topographical features of the country and the positions of the in- trenched lines of both armies, and by the 30th of the same month was far advanced. During the progress of the siege this map proved of the greatest importance, and constant reference was made to it. In closing this part of the report in relation to the labors of the topographical department of the army dnring the period called for by the major-general commanding, it may be of interest to know that over 1,300 miles of actual surveys were made; that more than 1,200 maps were issued to the army previous to taking up the line of march across the iRapidan, and over 1,600 photograph sketches be- tween that date aud the 30th of July. It would not be just to my assistants to refrain from expressing the appreciation I entertain for the unwavering and cheerful energy at all times displayed by them in the performance of their duties. The amount and accuracy of the work accomplished by them is sufficient evidence of their activity and ability. Exposed night and day to all the hardships and dangers of the campaign, it was under the most trying circumstances that their duties were performed. The usual conveniences afforded persons so employed were necessarily denied to them, but they were ever ready for any emergency and prompt to execnte any instructions. The particular attention of the command- ing general is called to the extent and difficulty of the labors per- formed by them. The silent and arduous labors of the engineer, upon which depends to such a great extent the success of a cam- paign, are too apt to be forgotten and overshadowed by the brilliancy of the noble and brave deeds of other arms of the service. In this report it will be unnecessary to enter into great detail upon the many various engineering operations of the campaign aside from the one branch of duty already alluded to, particularly as some of them have been elaborately presented in accompanying documents, nor will an accurate description of the country passed over be attempted, as it will no doubt be more vividly pictured by others. The portfolio of maps* which is appeuded to this paper must for the present exhibit the lines of operations of the army and the localities of the various fields of battle until additional time and more advan- tageous circumstances permit the perfectiug of them. Exact and beautiful drawings of the several points of interest are in course of construction. A brief synopsis will, therefore, be given of the dif- ferent duties assigned to the several officers apart from those already enumerated in other reports in the order of events as laid down in Special Orders, No. 209. FIRST EPOCH. The crossing of the Rapidan and the battles of the Wilderness. On the 3d of May Lieut. R. S. Mackenzie was directed to report to General Gregg and accompany the movement of the Second Cay- lary Division. He remained with this commaud, after crossing the Rapidan at Elys Ford, during the 4th and ~th, and participated in a skirmish with the enemys cavalry at Todds Tavern. On the 6th he returned to the Engineer Battalion, and the following day reported to the chief engineer for temporary duty at headquarters. Lient. C. W. Howell was also detailed on the 3d to go with the Third * Such of the maps as ma~ be found will appear in Atlas Page 296 296 OPEEATI0NS IN SE. VA. AI~D N. C. ci~x1?. XLVIII. Division of Cavalry, and continued with General Wilson until the 25th of the month. During this period he accompanied the cavalry expedition from Chancellorsville to Haxalls Landing, on the James River, and was present at the different engagements which took place along the route and back. Having crossed the Rapidan at Germanna Ford on the 4th with the major-general commanding, I was directed early on the following morning to reconnoiter the ground along the Wilderness Creek and to the right of the position taken up by the Fifth Corps across the Orange and Fredericksburg turnpike. Upon striking the cross- road between the latter and the plank road at Spotswoods, a shot from one of the vedettes of the enemys cavalry disclosed his pres- ence, and information of the fact was immediately given to General Wright, whose division of the Sixth Corps was then moving along the plank road. This division and that of Ricketts were at once formed in line of battle parallel to the latter road and moved for- ward to the right of the Fifth. On the greater part of this and during the entire day of the 6th, I remained with General Sedgwick, by direction of the chief of staff, to render him such services as were in my power. On the last day I made a careful examination of his front, and partially superintended the construction of an intrenched line. The right of the latter was necessarily very much exposed, several roads offering great facilities for outfianking the position. A series of determined and bloody assaults on both days by each of the contending forces opened the campaign, the battles of the Wil- derness ending on the evening of the 6th by a fierce attack about dark by the enemy on the right of the Sixth Corps. After assisting to rally the troops I reported to the commanding general, and was directed by him to guide the Sixth Corps into a new position, the left still resting on the right of the Fifth. The latter having slightly fallen back, the line was refused and extended across the Germauna p lank road, with the right resting near Sutherlands, a short distance beyondth e quartz mill. The movement of the corps commenced about midnight, and was successfully established in its new position by daylight. During this time the headquarters camp was near the Wilderness Tavern. SECOND EPOCH. The march to Spotsylvania Court-House and the operations in front of that place. On the night of the 7th the army took up the line of march. Lieu- tenant Benyaurd was directed to guide the Sixth Corps along the turnpike to Chancellorsville; thence by the plank road to Alrichs and by the Catharpin road to Piney Branch Church, afterward tak- ing the route from the last place to its intersection with the Brock road, near Alsops. This officer having accompanied the cavalry expedition from the Rapidan to the James River under General Kil- patrick, had previously passed over the ground. He continued to remain with the Sixth Corps, performing valuable services. The other engineer officers at headquarters accompanied the command- ing general on the evening of the 7th to Todds Tavern, at the inter- section of the Brock and Catharpin roads. At this point a severe cavalry fight under Gregg had taken place during the afternoon Page 297 OFIAP. XLVIII.] 1~APIDAN TO THE JAMES. 297 On the morning of the 8th, some severe skirmishing commenced between the advance of the Fifth Corps and the enemy, showing that the letter was falling back from the Wilderness toward Spotsyl- vania Court-House. At break of day I was directed to make a re- connaissance of the country along the Brock road and parallel to the Po River, to select a good position for the Second Corps to take up in the event of the enemy attempting to strike our flank. About noon I was directed to remain with Major-General Hancock and per- form any services he might require. During the day an examina- tion was made toward the west along the Catharpin roa(l as far as Corbins Bridge, across the Po; the columns of the enemy could be distinctly seen moving south. Toward evening he made a strong demonstration, but suitable provision having been made was easily repulsed. Camp of the headquarters was early in the morning es- tablished at Widow Lewis, but later in the day moved to Stewarts between the Brock road and the one from Piney Branch Church. On the 9th, the officers of Engineers, with part of the Engineer Bat- talion, were engaged in assisting the different corps in strengthening their positions by intrenchments. The army remained compara- tively quiet during the day; it was, however, called upon to mourn the death of one of its greatest leaders, the gallant and noble hearted Sedgwick, who during the morning was killed by a sharpshooter while examining the position of the enemy in advance of Alsops house. Early on the 10th, the Second Corps was advanced across the Po by pontoon bridge. Subsequently, by order of the commanding general, I guided Gibbons and Birney~ divisions back again across the river and placed them in position to the rear and right of the Fifth Corps, where they were massed to make a combined assault. Late in the evening it was most persistently made through a dense thicket, and although unsuccessful after repeated efforts, proved the great bravery of our troops. Lieutenant Mackenzie was on the same day engaged on a reconnaissance to the front of the Sixth Corps, and, in company with General Russell, selected the point of attack so suc- cessfully made by Uptons brigade of that, corps. Headquarters camp moved toward evening from Stewarts to near Alsops. On the 11th the lines were slightly advanced, and during the night the Sec- ond Corps was moved to the left preparatory to a general assault along the whole line at early dawn. Captain Mendell was directed to guide it into position. A constant rain fell during the entire day, making the ground very heavy. The impenetrable mist which veiled the movement favored the attack, and rendered its first fruits most brilliant, but the long continued marching, and a drizzling rain, tended to dampen the arddr of the assaulting columns, al- ready over-fatigued by seven days constant fighting. The 12th of May will long be remembered for the fierce battle which raged and surged along the whole line from the first peep of dawn until darkness had for hours fallen over the contending hosts. Fourteen hours of most furious fighting had failed to dislodge the enemy from his strong position. In the course of the afternoon Major Duane and myself rode over the ground between the right of the Sixth Corps and the old Court-House road to s~iect a line, re- fused from the crossings of the Po, for one division of the Fifth Corps (Crawfords) to hold, so as to relieve the other two for other movements. The Army of the Potomac extended to-day from the Po River to the Ny. Headquarters camp moved early in the morn Page 298 [CHAP. XLVIII. 298 OPERATIONS TN SE. VA. AND N. C. ing from near Alsops to Armstrongs, crossing tlie Ny near the lat- ter place. The Po and Ny are affluents of the Mattapony. On the 13th, I was ordered to examine, at General Hancocks re - quest, the line in his front, including the famous Salient, now be- come historical, to see whether any change should be made, and what should be done to strengthen it. In the course of the day I examined also the line of the Sixth Corps to the right of the Sec- ond. During the night, in accordance with marching orders of this date, the Fifth and Sixth Corps moved from the right to the left with the intention of making a general assault on the following morning. The wretched condition of the roads and the terrible darkness of the night, added to the great fatigue of the troops, made it almost an impossible matter to effect the change. The Fifth Corps moved to the main road between Fredericksburg and Spot- sylvania Court-House, and crossed the Ny, taking up position on the south bank. The Sixth was temporarily massed on the north bank near the Beverly house . Headqu arters train took the road from Armstrongs to the Gate, thence along the main road to Spot- sylvania Court-House, encamping near Harris. On the morning of the 14th, I was first directed to cross the Ny and examine the line taken up by the Fifth Corps, and endeavor to locate the position of the enemys works around Spotsylvania Court-House. Detached portions of these could be seen from one or two command- ing points, and had evidently been constructed some time previous in anticipation of the present move. Major Dnane accompanied me in this examination. A few hours afterward I made a reconnais- sance with some of my assistants toward the Anderson house, and was enabled to locate certain prominent buildings in Spotsylvania, and ascertain other sections of the works around it. In the after- noon Uptons brigade, of the Sixth Corps, was ordered to advance across the Ny to the left of the Fifth Corps, and occupy a command- ing position in front of Myers house. I was directed to accompany it and inspect the ground. The line was formed and the positioii successfully gained. To render it more tenable the skirmishers were ordered to move forward and take possession of a belt of tim- ber, which might con6eal any movement on the part of the enemy. Generals Meade and Wright appeared about the time the men ad- vanced. The skirmish line had scarcely entered the woods when it was met by a large force of the enemy previously massed there, who was already marching to attack. The whole brigade gave way, and the position was temporarily lost. Generals Meade and Wright fortunately escaped capture. After crossing the Ny and reaching the Anderson house I was requested by the latter to remain with him until he sent back for the remainder of his corps to come up. In the meanwhile Uptons brigade was reformed. By sunset the whole corps was in position to assault the position from which our troops had been driven, and ere many minutes the ground ,was repossessed. On the 15th, 16th, and 17th, the army remained comparatively quiet in consequence of the successive marches and exhausting battles, all operations being interfered with owing to the wretched state of the ro~ds. In the mean time headquarters camp was moved from Harris to near Andersons, and daily reconnaissances of the enemys position were made by the engineer officers. Early on the morning of the 18th, a general attack was made, but failed to gain any advanced position, and on the following day some changes wer Page 299 CHAP. XLVIII.] 1~APIDAN TO THE JAMES. 299 made in the disposition of the troops for the purpose of turning the enemys right flank. While the necessary moves were being made a counter-demonstration was undertaken toward our right, his troops reaching the main road. Birneys division was sent to frustrate this attempt, and some skirmishing took place. During the evening I was directed to report to that officer to acquaint him with the nature of the ground, and remained with him at night engaged in examin- ing his position preparatory to a renewal of the attack at day- light. Captain Turubull accompanied me and rendered valuable service. THIRD EPOCH. The march to the North Anna and the operations on that river. On the night of the 20th, a flank movement of the army was com- menced by the Second Corps. Lieutenant Mackenzie was ordered to report temporarily to Major-General Hancock, and accompany that command. He continued with it until the North Anna was reached and during the operations on that river, and then returned to gen- eral headquarters. During this time he was employed in reconnoiter- ing the successive lines taken up by it. On the 21st, I accompanied the major-general commanding from Andersons to Motleys, near Guineys Station, on the Richmond and Fredericksburg Railroad, and in the evening was sent across the Mattapony to ascertain the existence of any fords above the bridge, near the station, by which the Sixth Corps could cross the Po in the line of its march from Andersons (Smiths) Mill. None could be found, and the bridge on the road from Stanards had been destroyed. A reconnaissance was also made toward Mud Tavern on the Telegraph road. The enemy s vedettes were discovered at Gatewoods, and the informa- tion gained that the enemy had abandoned Spotsylvania Court- House, and were moving south by the Telegraph road toward the North Anna to take up that naturally strong position. On the 22d the general and his staff moved from Motleys to Tylers, near Bethel Church, crossing the Mattapony at Guineys Bridge and taking the route over the Ta by Madisons Ordinary (Flippos) and Concord Academy. The map indicates the several lines of march of the dif- ferent corps. The movement of the army was continued on the 23d, the general headquarters changing from Tylers to Montagues, within a short distance of Old Chesterfield. The road crossed the Mat River, thence by Collins Steam Saw-Mill to Wrights Store. At this place it entered the main road from Port Royal and Bow- ling Green toward the crossings of the North Anna at Jericho Mills, Quarles Mills, and Chesterfield Ford. The Second and Fifth Corps were in advance. Each forced a passage of the river, the former at Chesterfield Ford, and the latter at Jericho Mills. On the 24th, the headquarters were temporarily at Mount Carmel Church, and subsequently moved to the south side of the North Anna. On this day the whole army, except two divisions of the Ninth Corps, effected the passage of that stream, Critteudens divis- ion, of the Ninth Corps, crossing below Quarles Mills. On the morn- ing of the 25th, I was directed to make a general reconnaissance of the whole line, and succeeded in doing so from Noels Station, in the neighborhood of which a division of the Sixth was engaged in most effectually destroying the rails of the Virginia Central Railroad, t Page 300 ~oo OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. ~CHAP. XLVIII. where the left of Crittenden rested on the river. A log bridge, in addition to the one at Quarles Mills, had been constructed. These, together with the Chesterfield and the several pontoon bridges, af- forded perfect facilities for crossing. The enemy was found to be in strong position in front of Hanover Junction. Headquarters camp was moved back over the North Anna to the vicinity of Quarles Mills (luring the day, and general preparations were made for re- crossing the whole army. On the 26th, I made a personal examina- tion of all the bridges and crossings, including the canvas pontoons newly laid during the day near the railroad bridge, to see that every- thing should be in readiness for the contemplated move. FOURTH EPOCH. The march across the Pamunkey, including the operations on the Totopotomoy and at Gold Harbor. On the evening of the 26th, the movement of recrossing commenced and was continued on the following day. The major-general com- manding moved his headquarters from Quarles Mills to Mangohick Church, following the road by Chesterfield Depot, Concord Church, and Jerusalem Church. Lieutenant Howell was directed to guide the Ninth Corps. Late in the afternoon, accompanied by Lieuten- ant Mackenzie, I examined the road leading from Riders to Taylors Ford and Normans Ferry on the Pamunkey, and also to Widow Ne]sons Ferry, to ascertain whether it would be possible to cross the river at the latter point. Having satisfactorily accomplished the object of the examination we returned to camp. On the same day Greggs and Torberts divisions of cavalry, and Russells of infantry, seized the crossing of the same river at Hanovertown. By the even- ing of the 28th, the troops had all passed over the several pontoon bridges thrown to receive them, the Fifth and Ninth at Hanover- town, and the Second and Sixth at Nelsons. The general head- quarters was located near Hundleys. A severe cavalry fight took place near Haws Store. Some fear was entertained that the enemy might take the sever~Ll columns in detail while effecting the crossing, By order of the commanding general Major Duane and myself rode along the whole line from right to left to aid in forming it and to see that it was continuous. Before dark a strong position had been taken up by the army in readiness to resist any attack, and many were intrenched, the left resting near the Totopotomoy and the right on Crumps Creek. Lieutenant Howell was sent with the First Cav- alry Division on the morning to examine the country in advance of the position, and was present during the fight which took place. On the 29th, a grand reconnaissance in force was ordered in the direc- tion of Hanover Court-House and Shady Grove Church, and along each of the intermediate roads, to be supported by the whole army if necessary. Lieutenant Mackenzie accompanied the Fifth Corps, Lieutenant Howell the Ninth, Captain Turubull the Second, Captain Mendell one division of the Sixth, and I joined another (Russells) of the same corps. The last two columns took separate roads and finally united at Hanover Court-House without discovering the presence of but a few cavalry vedettes. On the 30th, the general headquarters moved from Mrs. Hundleys to near Aenon Church, passing Haws Store. During the day Lieutenant Howell was sent to. the Fifth Corps and Lieutenant Benyaurd, with the Sixth, on it Page 301 CHAP. XLVIII.] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 301 march from Hanover Court-House to Overtons. These officers with Lieutenant Mackenzie were constantly engaged during this and the following day in making reconnaissances along the Totopotomoy and of the different lines taken up as the army changed position. On the 1st of June Captain Mendell and lieutenant Benyaurd were sent to White House to superintend the construction of such field-works as might be needed to protect the place against any sud- den attack of cavalry, the depot having been moved from Port Royal to that place. During the day, accompanied by Captain Gillespie, who had joined the army a few days previous, and several assistants, I directed the examination of the cotintry to the south- east of the Old Church Tavern for the purpose of finding several parallel roads over which to move simultaneously differEnt columns. Upon reaching the Old Church Tavern the columns of the Eight- eenth Corps were met en route from the White House, and passing to the front to take position in advance of Cold Harbor. A severe cavalry fight had taken place the evening before, and the skirmish- ing had been resumed in the morning. The Eighteenth arrived in time to participate, and succeeded, by charging the enemys works on the left, in taking the first of his intrenched lines. By the changes which had taken place in the disposition of the troops dur- ing the day and previous night, the right flank now rested on the Totopotomoy near Bethesda Church and the left on Elder Swamp, holding the commanding gr6und in front of Cold Harbor. A gen- eral attack was subsequently made by the enemy along his entire front, which was repulsed with considerable loss. On returning late in the evening from the extended reconnaissance of the day, it was found that headquarters camp had moved from Aenon Church to near Vias house. On the 2d, it was again moved to near Learys, about a mile in rear of Old Cold Harbor, and on the road from Old Church Tavern to Gaines Mill. During the whole day columns of troops were in motion, the weather being excessively warm and the dust very intense. The morning of the 3d witnessed a most gallant assault by the army along its entire front. The order of the different corps from right to left was as follows: Fifth, Ninth, Eighteenth, Sixth, and Second. The attack, though furious at every point, failed in its object to drive back the enemy across the Chickahominy, both lines of battle at the time being parallel to that stream. Early on the morning I was directed to make a reconnaissance along the Second Corps line and ascertain its position and strength. Later in the day was sent to examine the line of battle of the Eighteenth Corps, and that of Birneys division, of the Second Corps, to the right of the latter, and subsequently oc6upied by the Ninth Corps. Never were two lines of battle more closely arrayed against each other, separated by distances varying from 40 to 100 yards, each waiting in silent and unwavering determination the fierce attack of the other but neither willing to take the initiative. Both contending forces had already experienced most deadly repulses. Not a portion of the person could be exposed for a moment; the unerring shot of the sharpshooter warned all against rising above the hastily constructed intrenchments. All lay close to the ground, it being necessary to crawl along on hand and knees to reach the line. Having carefully examined the position of the works in company with Captain Farquhar, U. S. Engineers, who had arrived with th~ Eighteenth Corps, ou the ~t~ff of Maj. n, W. F. ~n~ith, I reported to the eQU Page 302 302 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP XLVIII. manding general the impossibility of successfully storming the posi- tion of the enemy in front of that corps, in consequence of its great strength, and there [being no suitable place in the rear to mass troops for the attack. Already three desperate attempts had been made to force the position, and each was repulsed with very heavy loss. The army was directed to intrench its line and render it as strong as possible. Major Morton, U. S. Engineers, who had been assigned, upon reporting for duty on the North Anna, to the Ninth Corps, took charge of the works on its front. Lieutenant Howell, with a company of the U. S. Engineer Battalion, was sent to the Sixth Corps to construct batteries and covered ways, and Lieutenant Mackenzie, with a company of the same command, to report to the Second Corps to attend to the same duties. The latter officer re- mained superintendiug the works on that front until the 10th, when he was placed in command of the Second Connecticut Volunteer Artillery. From the 4th to the 9th, inclusive, various changes in the disposition of the troops were made. On the last of these days the right was refused back, resting near Madelon on the Matadequin Creek; thence passing by Woodys and about half a mile in front of Old Cold Harbor in a very direct line to Parkers Mill, with one division of the Fifth extending beyond the left of the Second down the left bank of the Chickahominy and covering Bottoms Bridge. The two armies remained closely confronting each other during this time, each strongly intrenched in his own position. On the 7th, two divisions of cavalry left the Old Court-House Tav- ern on an expedition toward Gordonsville, and, at the request of Ma- jor-General Sheridan, an officer of Engineers, Captain Tnrnbull, was directed to accompany him. This officer, after a long and most interesting duty, did not report to his command until the return of the cav~dry to the vicinity of Petersburg, and then only to remain a brief time. Selected to report in Baltimore to the commanding offi- cer of that military district for service in defeiise of the city he did not afterward rejoin the battalion of Engineers. On the 9th, I was ordered by the major-general commanding to select a neW line in the rear of the intrenched position then occupied by the arniy, to be held temporarily by two divisions. The object was to enable the troops to retire from the immediate front of the enemy without be- ing molested, and to cover the movement off toward the east and along the east bank of the Chickahominy. The ground selected lay between Elder Swamp and Allens Mill-Pond, passing almost directly in front of Cold Harbor. On the morning of the 10th, the construction of the batteries and connecting parapets commenced, Captain Gillespie superintending one portion and Lieutenant Ben- yaurd the other, working parties having been furnished by the Sec- ond and Sixth Corps. The work was finished on the following morn- ing. Captain Mendell, accompanied by Lieutenant Howell, made a reconnaissance to Wiiidsor Shades, on the Chickahominy, to ascer- tain the practicability of crossing at that point the supply train, but reported unfavorably. * I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. MJCHLER, lllajor of Engineers, U. S. Army. General S. WILLIAMS, Asst. Adjt. Gem., Army of the Potomac. * For continuation of report, ~ee Vol. XL, Part I Page 303 RAPIDAK TO THE JAMES. 303 Table of distances between the separate camps [and that] of the major-general com- manding during the campaign from May 4 to July 12, 1864. Date. From To Distance. Total distance. Camp near Germanna Ford Wilderness Tavern Near Piney Branch Church Stewarts house Near Alsops house Armstrongs house Harris house Near Andersons house do Near Motleys house Tylers house Near Montagues house Jericho Bridge Near Quarles Mills Mangohick Church Near Nelsons house Near Aenon Church Near Vias house Near Cold Harbor Near Moodys house Near Charles City Court-House Douthats house Baileys house Near Baileys house Beyond Jones house ~Near Jones house Wilderness Tavern Near Piney Branch Church Stewarts house Near Alsops house Armstrongs house Harris house Near Andersons house Harris house and back Motleys house Tylers house Near Montagues house Jericho Bridge Near Quarles Mills Mangohick Church Near Nelsons house Near Aenon Church Near Vias house Near Cold Harbor Near Moodys house Near Charles City Court-House.. Douthats house Baileys house Across the road Beyond Jones house Near Jones house NearBurchetts house Miles. 4k 1k I 3k 2k 1k 3 8k 6k 12k 5k 1k 21 12k 4k 3k 9 10k 18k 3k 21k 6k 1 3 Miles. 15k 16k 19k 22k 24 27 42k 61* 62k 83k 96k 101k 104k 113k 124k 142k 148k 169* 170* 177k 173k 181k N. MICHLER, Major of Engineers, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, OCtober 20, 1864. No. 12. Report of Brig. Gen. Henry W. Benham, U. S. Army, Commanding Engineer Brigade. HEADQUARTERS ENGINEER BRIGADE, Camp at City Point, Va., August 6, 1864. In reply to Special Orders, No. 209, paragraph 5, headquarters Army of the Potomac, I have the honor to state that no casualties have occurred in this command from May 4 to July 30. The oper- ations of the command during the campaign have been as follows: First epoeh.Remained at engineer depot, Washington, prepar- ing siege material, bridging, & c. Second epoeh.Laid two bridges at Fredericksburg over the Rap- pahannock, repaired roads between Belle Plain and Fredericksburg, and built docks at Belle Plain. Third epoch.Built the docks at Port Royal. Fourth epoch.Remained at Fortress Monroe awaiting orders. * Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. BENHAM, Brigadier- General, Commanding. General S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac. *For continuation of report see Vol. XL, Part I. CHAP. XLVIII.] May 5 7 8 10 .12 14 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 30 June 1 2 12 13 15 16 17 22 23 July 1 Page 304 [CHAP. XLVIII. 304 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. No. 13. Report of Lieut. Cot. Ira Spaulding, Fiftieth New York Engineers, including operations April 29June 30. HDQRS. DETACH. 50TH NEW YORK VOL. ENGINEERS, Near Petersburg, Va., August 30, 1864. MAJOR: In compliance with Special Orders, No. 209, headquar- ters Army of the Potomac, dated Augnst 5, 1861, I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this command since the opening of the campaign to the assault on the enemys position in front of Petersburg, July 30, 1864: To make this repoiTh intelligible, I should premise that the com- mand consists of eleven companies of this regiment, numbering in all an average of about 40 officers and 1,500 enlisted men present; that small details from these companies and the twelfth company of the regiment were at the opening of the campaign with Colonel Pettes at the depot of the Engineer Brigade in Washington, and that a short time previous to the beginning of the campaign this com- mand was divided into the First, Second, Third, and Reserve Bat- talions. The First Battalion, composed of Companies B, F and G, commanded by Maj. Wesley Brainerd, had in charge a pontoon train of fourteen boats (French pontoons) together with the in- trenching tools of the Second Corps, to which it was assigned for duty. The Second Battalion, composed of Companies E, H and L, commanded by Maj. E. 0. Beers, had in charge a pontoon train of thirteen French pontoons together with the intrenching tools of the Sixth Corps, to which it was assigned. The Third i3attalion, com- posed of Companies D, K, and M. commanded by Capt. J. H. Mc- Donald, Major Ford not having joined, had in charge a pontoon train of thirteen French pontoons, and also the intre~ching tools of the Fifth Corps to which it was assigned. The Reserve Battalion, under my own immediate command, consisted of Companies C and I, having in charge two pontoon trains of twelve canvas boats each and two wing trestles each, Capt. W. W. Folwell commanding pon- toon train No. 4, and Capt. M. Van Brocklin, Company C, coni- manding pontoon train No. 5. All these pontoon trains were arranged under my directions, acting under the general orders of the chief engineer, and the whole of tho above battalions and trains were to operate nnder my immediate supervision and inspection. On the 28th of April, 1864, Major Brainerd was encamped with the First Battalion and trains near Stevensburg; Major Beers with the Second Battalion and trains at Welfords Ford, having a bridge in use over Hazel River; Captain McDonald, with Third Battalion and trains, was at my winter camp near Rappahannock Station. My headquarters were also at the same camp with the Reserve Battalion and trains. FIRST EPOCH. Reserve Battalion. On the 29th of April I sent Captain Folwell with his company and pontoon train No. 4 to Kellys Ford to bridge the Rappahannock for the passage of Greggs division of cavalry. The bridge was completed in 8hort bays of 16 feet at 1 p. izll.; length of bridge, 18 Page 305 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 305 feet. That afternoon and evening the Second Division of cavalry crossed well closed up in twos, followed by a long and heavily loaded wagon train. This was the first trial in actual service of the canvas bridge in its present form (Duanes modified bridge), and it p-oved itself in the short spans at least equal to anything required of it in the field. At 4 a. m. on the 30th this bridge was dismantled, loaded, and Captain Folwell marched with his command to Paoli Mills. On the same morning (April 30) I moved from my winter camp to Paoli Mills with Captain Van Brocklin and his company in charge of pontoon train No. 5, leaving Captain McDonald with the Third Battalion in camp, awaitilig orders from General Warren to take up the bridge at Rappahannock Station after all the troops of the Fifth Corps had crossed the river. From this time until the evening of May 2, the officers and men of the Reserve Battalion were occupied in completing the improvements upon the trains which were found necessary to fit them for the field, and which were un- finished when they left Rappahannock Station. May 3, at 7 a. in., I moved in the direction of Elys Ford, at the head of General Greggs cavalry, with pontoon train No. 4, Captain Folwell com- manding, and halted at Richardsville until midnight. Captain Van Brocklin was left with his train at Paoli Mills to await orders. At midnight the train was started from Richardsville, arriving at Elys Ford on the Rapidan at about daylight on the morning of May 4. The material was immediately unloaded, the bridge commenced and completed at 6 a. m. ; length of bridge, 150 feet. There was no opposition by the enemy to the crossing at this point. While this bridge was being built, General Greggs cavalry forded the river. A few minutes after this bridge was completed, Major Brainerd reached the river with his train, and immediately commenced the construction of a second bridge. The head of the column of the Second Corps arrived about the same time and began crossing rapidly on the canvas bridge. Major Brainerds bridge was coin- pleted at 9.15 a. in., when the column was turned upon it, and Cap- tain Folwells bridge immediately dismantled, loaded in about one hour, and the train moved on with the troops of the Second Corps to a point near Chancellorsville, where it was halted all night. On the 5th, this train moved in the road toward Todds Tavern on the plank road. But little progress was made, as the road was very much blocked up with troops. Toward night I was ordered back with the train. Reached Chancellorsville about dark, and sent Lieutenant Folwell to report to you at headquarters of the army near Wilderness Tavern. Train No. 5. At dark on the evening of May 3, Captain Van Brocklin moved with his train in the direction of Germanna Ford on the Rapidan. He arrived within half a mile of the ford at 10 p. in., and communicated with General Wilson. At 4 oclock on the morning of the 4th, Cap- tain Van Brocklin moved his train within 1,000 feet of the river as ordered, and unloading his boats carried them to the river and com- pleted his bridge in about one hour and a half; length of bridge, 220 feet. There was some slight skirmishing with the enemys cavalry at this point, but no serious opposition to the crossing. Captain McDonald arrived at this point about the same time that Captain Van R 1~VQI4 XXXVI, PT Page 306 306 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Brocklin parked his train on the hill, moved down to the river and built his bridge, completing it a few minutes in advance of Captain Van Brocklin. At 6 p. in., on the same day, most of the Fifth and Sixth Corps having crossed the river, Captain Van Brocklin dis- mantled his bridge, leaving Captain McDonalds bridge to pass the supply trains and the Ninth Corps, and on the morning of the 5th moved his train to Old Wilderness Tavern. During the day his company was occupied in repairing the bridges over Old Wilderness IRun and the roads in its vicinity. First Battalion. On the morning of May 3, at 7 a. in.; Major Brainerd broke camp at Stevensbnrg and moved with his battalion at the head of the Second Corps, arriving at Elys Ford about 6 a. m. on the morning of the 4th, where he laid his bridge as already described; length of bridge, 190 feet. The whole of the Second Corps having crossecb the river this bridge was dismantled at 2 p. ni. on the 5th, and Major il3rainerd moved with his battalion to Chancellorsville the same evening. Second Battalion. On the 2d of May Major Beers took up his bridge at Welfords Ford, on the Hazel River, except one boat left in the river for a ferry, and went into camp on the south side of the river. On the morning of the 4th, at 4 oclock, he broke camp and marched with his battalion and pontoon train for Culpeper Ford, on the Rapidan, and had a bridge completed at that point at 5 p. m. the same day; length of the bridge, 160 feet. Most of the supply trains crossed on this bridge. On the 5th, this battalion was occupied most of the day upon roads in the direction of Richardsville and in the vicinity of the river to facilitate the passage of trains. At 5 p. in., on the 5th, this bridge was dismantled, the trains moved back about 1~ miles from the river and parked abont midnight. Third Battalion. On the 1st of May Captain McDonald, by order of General War- ren, dismantled the bridge at Rappahannock Station, and parked his train on the south side of the river. At 1 p. m. on the 3d, he marched with his battalion and train, via Paohi Mills, for Germanna Ford, arriving at a point near the ford at 10 oclock the same evening. On the morning of the 4th, at 5 oclock, he moved his train to the river, and laid a bridge, as heretofore described; length of the bridge, 220 feet. Most of the Fifth, Sixth, and Ninth Corps crossed on this bridge. During the 4th and 5th, Companies D and M of this battalion performed very efficient service upon the roads in the vicinity of the ford. This brings my report of the operations of all the battalions up to the evening of May 5. At that time the only pontoon bridge remaining in use over the Rapidan was that of the Third Battalion at Germanna Ford. About midnight on the 5th of May Lientenant Folwell returned from general headquarters with orders for me to report there at daylight the next morning with my command, and notice that all the other battalions had been called to rendezvous there at the same time to be consolidated under my command for duty as infantr Page 307 CaAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 3O with the Fifth Corps. Small guards were left with the trains, and all the battalions were at Old Wilderness Tavern about daylight on the morning of the 6th, except Captain Van Brocklin and his com- pany, who did not get notice until late in the day. There I reported to General Warren, and afterward to General Griffin, who assigned the command a position in the rifle-pits. Ammunition was dis- tributed as speedily as possible, and we marched into the rifle-pits with ten companies, in all 32 officers and 1,010 enlisted men. Most of our officers and men were at work dnring the afternuon in build- ing new lines of rifle-pits and strengthening the old ones. Just be- fore dark, as the men were returning to their rifle-pits with their tools from a new line oii which they had been at wo~k, the enemy succeeded in flanking and breaking a division of the Sixth Corps on our front and right and drove them behind the second line. At this time we occupied the line on the left of the Orange Court-House turnpike, but when the front line was broken, I was ordered by General Griffin to move my command as quick as possible and occupy the line on the right of the turnpike. On account of the roughness of the ground to march over on double quick, and also on account of stragglers being halted and placed in the line with our troops, some confusion occurred in getting to our new position, but this was rectified in a few minutes, and we awaited the expected at-. tack. The enemy did not, however, succeed in following up his advantage. As there was not room for the whole of my command on the right of the turnpike, a part of the regiment still occupied the line on the left of the road. During the night there was another short, but severe, fight on our front, in which it was understood the enemy were worsted. In compliance with orders from headquar- ters, I directed Captain McDonald at 11.30 p. in., to withdraw two companies of his battalion, proceed with them to Germanna Ford, dismantle his bridge, still in use there, and proceed with it to Elys Ford as speedily~ as possible, an attack at the former place being ap- prehended. The remaining eight companies remained in the rifle- pits until after daylight on the morning of the 7th. We were not engaged with the enemy while occupying this line, and but little exposed to fire. Our only casualty was 1 man wounded in the head by a piece of shell. Captain Van Brockhin had reported in the afternoon of the 6th, and as we did not require his company there I sent him to report to the chief engineer, by whom and General Ingalls he was directed to cause all the pontoon trains to be parked near the supply train of the - army, they being then in the vicinity of Elys Ford. Soon after daylight on the morning of the 7th, I received ordem to withdraw my men from the rifle-pits and report in the vicinity of Fifth Corps headquarters. There I was directed by General War- ren to build additional communications across Wilderness Run and valley. This work was immediately commenced by nearly the whole command. In about thirty minutes I received orders to have all my men under arms and ready to move at a moments notice and make small details for completing the work. At 11 a. m. I sent word to General Warren that we had twelve corduroy bridges and two fords with approaches completed across Wilderness Run. He re- plied that was sufficient; that I should keep the men in readiness for intant use, but that he would not call upon us to act as infantry ex- cept in case of absolute necessity, as the C overument could not afford to lose the services of our men as en& ineer soldiers, At 4 p Page 308 308 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. in., by General Warrens orders, I sent Major Beers with his battal- ion to rejoin the SixTh Corps. General Sedgwick sent Major Beers with his battalion to assist in protecting his~ rear, npon which he was threatened by the enemy. During the night of the 7th, all the battalions marched to Chancellorsville and there rejoined their sev- eral trains, all of which, except the Third Battalion train, had been bronght up there from Elys Ford. Captain McDonald, who left the Wilderness with two companies of his battalion at 11.30 p. m. on the 6th, as before mentioned, ar- rived at Germanna Ford at 2.30 a. m. on the 7th. He immediately dismantled his bridge, and at 6 a. m. moved by the north side of the river toward Elys Ford. There he relaid his bridge for the passage of the ambulance train. At the close of this epoch, on the night of May 7, pontoon train No. 3 was in use at Elys Ford, in charge of Captain McDonald with two companies, and all the other trains and battalions were concentrated at or near Chancellorsville. SECOND EPOCH. The march to Spots ylvania Court-House and the operations in front of that place. May 8, at daylight, the bridge at Germanna [Elys] Ford was dis- mantled, and Captain McDonald marched with his two companies and his trains to the Ny River at Fallen Mill Crossing. All the bat- talions except the reserve were encamped the same evening at the same point. The Reserve Battalion with its train marched via Tab- ernacle Church to Alsops Gate, having been misled by a guide, and returned to the Fredericksburg plank road, near Millers, about dark. During the night marched to Piney Branch Church, on the south side of the Ny River, where the trains were parked. May 9, the First and Third Battalions marched with their bridge trains to Al- richs on the plank road. The Second Battalion was engaged in repairing roads toward Spotsylvania Court-House. May 10, by your order, I sent Major Brainerd with two companies of his battal- ion and his bridge train, together with six boats of train No. 3, to bridge the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg. He started his train at 11.30 a. in., and had his bridge ready for use at 4.30 p. in., having marched 8 miles and built a bridge 420 feet in length in five hours. I also sent Captain Van Brocklin with his bridge train to report to Major-General Hancock near Todds Tavern. In compliance with instructions there received he laid two bridges, each about 50 feet in length, across the river Po. At 3 p. m. these bridges were disman- tled and Captain Van Brocklin returned to camp with his train. Major Beers moved his battalion and train to Alrichs. To save repetition I will here state that orders given by me for the organization and movement of trains, construction of bridges, & c., were always in obedience to instructions received from you as chief engineer. May 13, Major Beers and Captain McDonald marched their battalions, except guards left with the bridge trai~is, to their respective corps headquarters, where they were engaged in building and repairing roads and bridges. Major Beers built one new corduroy bridge and repaired an old one over the Ny River. Major Brainerd also sent Company F, from Fredericksburg, and Company B, then at Alrichs, to Second Corps headquarters, under ~onumand of Captain McGrath, for duty at tho front. The Reserv Page 309 Ca& p. XLVIII.) ~APIDA~ TO THE 5AME~. 309 Battalion marched with its traiii to Zion Chnrch, on the plank roau. May 14, the Reserve Battalion moved with its train to Salem Chnrch. I directed the commanding officers of the First, Second, and Third Battalions to rednce their pontoon trains to eight boats each and the reqnisite material, and sent the surplus material to Belle Plain. May 15, the Second, Third, and Reserire Battalions, with their trains, marched to Fredericksbnrg. May 16, Major Ford, having joined the day previous, took command of the Third Battalion. Nearly the whole of onr force then at Fredericksburg was occupied in repairing and refitting the bridge trains, an(1 at work on the roads in that vicinity. During the whole time that the bridge was maintained at Fredericksbnrg, the detachment of the First Battalion in charge of it were occupied incessantly in keeping the bridge in order. The chesses were completely cut through and worn out by the constant passage of wagon trains acting upon the gravel scattered on the bridge from the wagon wheels. Old buildings on the outskirts of the town were dismantled to obtain materials for an additional flooring to the bridge. May 17, I marched with the Reserve Battalion and its trains to headquarters of the army near the Anderson house. May 18, the surplus bridge material of the First, Second, and Third Bat- talions were consolidated, and a second bridge built opposite the Lacy house at Fredericksburg, by details from the Second and Third Battalions; length of this bridge, 440 feet. May 19, part of the Sec- ond Battalion was engaged upon the roads in the vicinity of the upper bridge. In the afternoon Major Ford marched with two companies of hi~ battalion to the Anderson house, having in charge 100 prison- ers and stragglers, and leaving Captain McDonald, with one com- pany, in charge of the upper bridge at Fredericksburg. May 20, I sent directions to Major Brainerd to take up the upper bridge at Fred- ericksburg, make up three trains of eight boats each, and have these trains and troops rejoin their respective corps as soon as possible. This bridge was dismantled and loaded during the afternoon. I also sent Captain Folwell, with his company and train, to report to Major- General Hancock, and he marched the same night to Massaponax Church. Major Beers moved to Sixth Corps headquarters, where two of his companies then were, under command of Captain line. These two companies had been very busy building roads and bridges, slashing timber, & c. During the night Major Beers, with his de- tachment, built a battery for nine guns in front of the Sixth Corps. Major Ford with two companies of his battalion moved to the Fifth Corps headquarters and built a log bridge over the Ny River. Cap- tain Van Brocklin, of the Reserve Battalion, with his company and pontoon train No. 5, was sent to report to Major-General Warren, and remained on duty with the Fifth Corps, under command of Major Ford, until the corps had crossed the Chickahominy at Long Bridge. THIRD EPOCH. The march to the North Anna and the operations on that river. May 21, Major Brainerd moved with one company and his ponioon train from Fredericksburg to Thorntons place, near Guineys Sta- Lion; the other two companies of his battalion, under command of Daptain McGrath, moving with the Second Corps to Milford Statioii~. NIajor Beers, with two companies of the Second Battalion, move Page 310 OPERATIONS IN SF. VA. AND N. ~. 1~HAP. XLVII!. ~io with the Sixth Corps toward Guineys Station. The pontoon train of this battalion, with one company, Captain Palmer commanding, moved from Fredericksburg about 12 miles toward Bowling Green. Major Ford broke camp on the Po River, and with two of his com- panies marched with the Fifth Corps. Captain Van Brocklin had his train hitched up at his camp near the Anderson farm early in the morning, and was directed by the assistant adjutam~t-general, Fifth Corps, to wait there until he received fnrther orders. He left an orderly at the disposal of the assistant adjutant-general to convey these orders. The Fifth Corps marched off, and no orders were sent Captain Van Brocklin. He left his train in park until the enemys line of skirmishers had advanced within half a mile of his train. Believing that he had been overlooked, and that it was not intended his command and pontoon train should fall into the hands of the enemy, he moved off rapidly and overtook the rear of the column. General Warren, finding that this pontoon train was not with the head of the column where it was likely to be required for bridging the Mattapony, sent Major Ford to hurry it forward. The superiority of the canvas train as now organized for rapid movement was then shown. The column was in motion and over 4 miles long; yet before the head of the column reached Guineys Station, a distance of 6 miles, this pontoon train was in the advance, having passed the in- fantry, artillery, and wagon train of the corps. At Guineys Sta- tion a permanent bridge was still standing, which, with some slight repairs, was found to answer the purpose. Major Ford constructed log bridges over the Ta and Po Rivers, repaired corduroy roads, and at night bivouacked near General Warrens headquarters. Captain McDonald, with one company and the Third Battalion pontoon train, moved from Fredericksburg toward Bowling Green, arriving at the latter place on the 23d. Captain Folwell, with pontoon train No. 4, marched with the Second Corps, via Bowling Green and Milford Sta- tion, to a point east of the Mattapony. May 22, Major Brainerd joined the two companies of his battalion that were on duty with the Second Corps, leaving Captain Personins, with one company, in charge of his pontoon train. This train moved from Thorntons place to Bowling Green. Major Beers marched to Guineys Stati6n during the forenoon, repaired Guineys Bridge, and in the afternoon marched to Wrights Tavern. Captain Palmer, with the pontoon train of this battalion, moved to Bowling Green. Major Ford coni- menced tracing line of works on the ridge adjoining General War- rens headquarters, but the work was discontinued. He moved with his command to the Mat River, repaired the bridge, and at night camped at Bull Church. May 23, Major Brainerd marched with the Second Corps, via Chesterfield Station, to a point near the North Anna. Captain Folwell, with his company and canvas train, accom- panied this battalion. Captain Personius, with the pontoon train of this battalion, moved from Bowling Green to Milford Station. Ma- jor Beers marched with his command to Mount Cannel Church. Captain Palmer, with the pontoon train of this battalion, moved to the same place. Major Ford marched in the morning through Golansville across Pole Cat Run and parked near Mount Carmel Church at noon. At 2 p. in., moved with his command and canvas train to Jericho Mills, on the North Anna, and in one hour after reaching the river Captain Van Brocklin had completed a bridge of 160 feet in length, and the batteries of the Fifth Corps commenced crossing Page 311 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMTh~. ~tt May 24, Major Brainerd moved to the North Anna below the rail- way bridge, and under his direction Captain Folwell built two can- vas bridges, each of 100 feet in length, for the Second Corps to cross. At night Major Brainerd, with his command, also built a corduroy bridge across the North Anna above the railway bridge for the Ninth Corps to cross. Captain Personius, with his company and pontoon train, moved from Milford Station to Wrights Tavern. Major Beers marched to Jericho Mills, on the North Anna, and built roads and repaired approaches to the bridge. Captain Palmer, with pontoon train No. 2, started in the evening for Jericho Mills, and marched all night. Major Ford, with his battalion, was also at work on the roads and bridge approaches. Captain McDonald, with his company and pontoon train No. 3, marched from Bowling Green .to Milford Station. May 25, Major Brainerd at work with hi~ command building approaches and roads, and Captain Folwell, under his directions, built another canvas bridge of 100 feet in length over the North Anna above the railway bridge. Major Beers, with Company E, Captain Hine commanding, went back toward Mount Carmel Church until he met Captain Palmer with his train. Moved the train to Quarles Mills, on the North Anna. There he bridged the river, put- ting in 80 feet of pontoon bridge and about 300 feet of crib bridge, covered with boards found near the bridge. During the night the pontoon portion of this bridge was dismantled, and two companies of the Second Battalion, Captain line commanding, replaced it by a corduroy bridge. Major Ford built another side-hill road leading from the bridge at Jericho Mills (a heavy piece of work) to. afford additional facilities for the withdrawal of troops and trains. A violent rain-storm occasioned a rapid rise of the river, which ren- dered the maintenance of all the bridges over the North Anna a matter of extreme labor and anxiety. Captain McDonald, with pontoon train No. 3, moved from Milford Station to Wrights Tavern. May 26, at 5.30, I directed Captains Folwell and Van Brocklin to take up their canvas bridges and report with their commands and trains to Major-General Sheridan, at Chesterfield Station. Captain Van Brocklin immediately dismantled his bridge aud marched to Chesterfield Station, and at 7 a. m. Major Beers had replaced this bridge by a wooden pontoon bridge (train No. 2) of 160 feet in length. General Hancock declined to permit the canvas bridges at his crossing to be removed until others arrived to take their places. I had sent early in the morning for Captain McDonald, then at Wrights Tavern, to move at once to the North Anna with train No. 3 and replace one or more of the canvas bridges with wooden pontoons. He reached the river at 11 a. m. At 12 in., Captain Fol- well had his bridge dismantled, loaded, and started for Chesterfield Station, which place he reached in time to fall in General Sheridans column, behind Captain Van Brocklins train. At the same time that Captain Folwell left the river (12 in.) Captain McDonald, under Major Brainerds directions, had completed a bridge of wooden pon- toons of 100 feet in length in place of one of the canvas bridges, and immediately proceeded to build another pontoon bridge of 100 feet in length above the railway bridge, Major Brainerds battalion assist- ing. Captain Folwell and Captain Van Brocklin marched their commands with General Sheridans cavalry during the afternoon and all night, with but one short halt. At 1 p. m. I sent orders t Page 312 ECHAP. XLVIIt. 312 OPERATIONS IN K~. VA. AND N. C. Captain Personius to proceed with his train to Quarles Mills, and afterward directed him to stop at Mount Carmel Church and await orders. At 6 p. m. he received orders from you to move his train to Butlers Mill, on the North Anna, and report to General Wilson for the purpose of bridging the river for the passage of cavalry. On his arrival at Butlers Mill, he found a good permanent bridge, and sent an officer with an escort of cavalry to report to General Wilson near Beaver Dam Station. During the night I sent him directions that as soon as he was relieved by General Wilson he should join the main supply trains of the army, and proceed with them down the east side of the Mattapony River. FOURTH EPOCH. The march across the Pamunkey, including the operations on the Totopotomoy and at Cold Harbor. May 27, the Reserve Battalion, with two canvas pontoon trains, ac- companying General Sheridans command, reached the Pamunkey at Hanovertown abont daylight. Captain Van Brocklin having the advance put a couple of boats together about a mile from the river, carried them to the river on the mens shoulders, and sent over dis- mounted cavalry in these boats to drive away the enemys pickets. This was done after a slight skirmish, and Captain Van Brocklin immediately commenced constructing his bridge, completing it in about one hour, assisted by Captain Folwell and a portion of his company; length of bridge, 180 feet. General Torberts division of cavalry immediately commenced crossing on this bridge. At 7 a. m. Captain Folwell constructed another bridge of 164 feet in length, a few yards above Captain Van Brocklins bridge, completing it in about one hour. About dark I sent directions to Captain Folwell to reconnoiter the crossing at Mrs. Nelsons, on the Pamunkey, and select a bridge site. Owing to the extreme darkness he could obtain but little information. During the evening I sent him an order, which he received on his return to camp about midnight, to take all the surplus material of trains Nos. 4 and 5, proceed immediately to Mrs. Nelson~s crossing, and have a bridge completed by daylight, if practicable. Major Brainerd had Captain McDonalds bridge near the railway bridge dismantled as soon as the Second Corps had re- crossed, at about 4 p. in., and at 6 a. m. he marched with his battal- ion, accompanied by Captain McDonald and his train, continuing the march nearly all night with the Second Corps. At 1 a. in., the Fifth Corps having crossed the North Anna, Major Beers dismantled his bridge at Jericho Mills, and marched with his battalion, accompa- nied by Major Ford and his battalion, via Pole Cat Run and Youngs plantation, toward Mrs. Nelson~ s crossing, halting about midnight. Captain McDonald joine4 Major Ford with his train during the march this day. At 1 a. in. Captain Personius was relieved by General Wilson from. duty with his cavalry at Butlers Mill, on the North Anna, and marched immediately with his bridge trains to join the supply trains of the army. He overtook the rear of these trains at Mil- ford Station, and moved that afternoon to a point about 3 miles north of Newtown. Both men and teams very much worn and exhausted with excessive heat and long marches. May 28, Captain Folwell reached Mrs. IN elsons crossing at 6 a Page 313 cHAP. XLVIII.] 1~APIDAN TO THE JAMES. 31~ in., and at 7. a. m. had a canvas bridge completed across the Pamunkey at this point of 146 feet in length. Owing to the scarcity of material this bridge was built in long spans of 21 feet, the balks alternating on the gunwales, and over this seemingly frail bridge passed without accident two divisions of the Sixth Corps with their artillery. Major Brainerd marched with his battalion at 7.30 a. m. to the Pamunkey, at Mrs. Nelsons, a distance of about 5 miles where he was occupied during the day in building roads and approaches to the bridges, and at night crossed the river and went into camp near the Second Corps headquarters. Majors Beers and Ford performed a large amount of work on the roads and bridges while on the march with their battalions from the North Anna to the Pamunkey. They arrived at Mrs. Nelsons crossing at 3 p. in., and Major Beers immediately threw a wooden pontoon bridge across the river below the canvas bridge. Length of bridge, 140 feet. At 4 a. in. Captain Personius marched with his bridge train, passing all the supply trains, and at 1 p. m. reached the Mattapony at Dunkirk. At 2.30 p. m. his pontoon bridge of 180 feet in length was completed across the river, and trains commenced crossing. During the after- noon and evening he also built a bridge of ferry-boats for the pas- sage of infantry and cavalry re-enforcements from Port Royal; also for the passage of light ambulance trains. At .9 p. in. I directed Major Ford to send Captain McDonald across the river with his bridge train, thence, to Hanovertown, and throw a wooden bridge across the river in place of Captain Van Brocklins canvas bridge, which was to be dismantled. This was done during the night, and Captain Van Brocklins train was parked on the south bank of the river ready to move at short notice. Captain McDonalds bridge at this point was 180 feet in length. May 29, Majors Brainerd and Beers at work with their battalions in the vicinity of Mrs. Nelsons crossing. Major Ford moved to Hanovertown with his battalion, and from this date until the 3d of June he was at work with two companies (D and M) on the roads and bridges between Hanovertown and White House, putting theni in thorough repair for the passage of supply and amniunition trains. Captain Folwell took up his bridge at Mrs. Nelsons and moved his train to Hanovertown, where he had one canvas bridge still in use. May 30, Major Brainerd moved with his battalion about 3 miles to Mrs. Tylers farm. Captain Folwell dismantled his bridge at Han- overtown, and the Reserve Battalion moved to Mrs. Nelsons with pontoon trains and encamped. May 31, at 3.30 a. in., Captain Per- sonius took up his bridge at Dunkirk by your order. This bridge, 180 feet in length, was dismantled and loaded in sixty-five minutes, and the train moved to Hanovertown the same day. Major Beers moved with two companies of his battalion (E and L) to the head- quarters of the Sixth Corps, about 5 miles from the river, leaving Company H (Captain Palmer) in charge of the bridge at Mrs. Nelsons. During the afternoon Major Beers with his two compa- nies engaged in cutting roads in rear of the line of battle of the Sixth Corps. At 11.30 he marched with his command, accompany- ing the Sixth Corps toward Cold Harbor. About midnight I sent an order to Captain Van Brocklin to take eight boats of his train and part of his company and proceed to Dunkirk, under the escort of a squadron of the First Indiana Cavalry, to bridge the Mattapony for the passage of re-euforcements said to be on the way from Port Royal Page 314 & 14 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. 0. [CHAP. XLVIII. June 1, Captain Van Brocklin reached the river at Dunkirk at 8 a. m. with his train. Rebel guerrillas were found to be on the oppo- site side, exchanging shots with the advance guard of the cavalry. This squadron being armed with sabers and pistols only was unable to drive the enemy from the river bank. Captain Van Brocklin placed one of his boats in the river and crossed with 20 of his men, when the enemy left and he immediately commenced the construction of his bridge. Soon after its completion the enemy attacked the cav- alry picket and captured 4 of their horses. Captain Van Brocklin marched his company across the river and found the enemy had again taken flight. While this bridge remained in the water rebel guerrillas were constantly prowling about, frequently exchanging shots with our picket, and Captain Van Brocklin found it necessary to throw up temporary defenses for the bridge and keep his whole company under arms. Major Brainerd marched at 6 p. m. toward Cold Harbor and halted at ilaws Shop at 9 p. m. Major Beers arrived near Cold Harbor about noon, with the Sixth Corps. In the afternoon sent Company E (Captain Hine) with the First Division and Company L (Captain Dexter) with the Second Division of the Sixth Corps. These officers and their companies remained on duty with these divisions until June 10, building a battery in front of each divis- ion and about 500 feet of covered way for the movement of troops and artillery. This work was necessarily perf.ormed in the night, as it was less than. 150 yards from the enemys works. Major Beers speaks highly of the manner in which these officers executed the work under their charge. Captain Palmer dismantled his bridge at Mrs. Nelsons crossing, on the Pamunkey, and moved his train to Lockwoods Tavern. Captain Personius moved his train from Hanovertown to Rockets, near Old Church. T~e Reserve Battalion, except that portion absent with Captain Van Brocklin, moved to the headquarters of the army near Cold Harbor. June 2, Major Brainerd marched at 6 a. m. with two companies of his battalion (B and F), accompanying the Second Corps to a point near Cold Harbor. Captain Personius moved his train to Ander- sons farm, about 4 miles from Cold Harbor. At 5 p. m. this day no troops had crossed Captain Van Brocklins bridge at Dunkirk, and a scouting party of the escort sent out 8 miles on the road to Port Royal failed to find any troops on the road. The commanding ()ffi- cer of the escort deemed it unsafe and unnecessary to remain longer at this point, and Captain Van Brocklin accordingly dismantled his bridge and moved to Hanovertown, arriving at the latter place soon after midnight. June 3, Captain Van Brocklin learned soon after daylight that Colonel Stanton with one regiment of cavalry and one battery of artillery were in camp near him on the north bank of the Pamunkey en route for New Castle Ferry. He accordingly joined this com- mand and marched to New Castle Ferry, on the Pamunke~, and laid a bridge of 160 feet in length for these troops to cross the river. He then reported to me for orders, and I directed him to take up his bridge and report with his train at my camp near Cold Harbor. During the action of this day 2 men of Company B, First Battalion, were wounded, 1 of whom subsequently died. June 4. From this date until June 10, inclusive, the First, Second, and Third Battalions were on duty with their respective corps at Cold Harbor, building and repairing roads and bridges, opening additional commanications t Page 315 RAPIDAN TO PIE JAMES. ~315 facilitate the rapid movement of troops, building batteries, cov- ered ways, gabions, revetments, rifle-pits, & c. Much of the work was in very exposed positions and was necessarily performed at night. Major Brainerd with his battalion made about 300 gabions, most of them being used iu the works iu front of the Second Corps. Captaiu Van il3rocklin arrived with his train at my camp at 1 p. m. June 5, I sent Captain Folwell with 1 officer aud 52 men of his com- pany aud a bridge train of eight canvas pontoons and two trestles to report to General Sheridan for duty with the Cavalry Corps. He accompanied General Sheridan on his raid to Trevilian Station and back, and rejoined the Reserve Battalion at my camp near City Point on the 30th of June. The following is his report of operations while on duty with the Cavalry Corps: June 5, marched to New Castle Ferry. June 6, constructed a bridge of 150 feet in length over the Pamunkey at New Castle Ferry. After the corps had crossed took up this bridge on the 7th and followed the corps. Marched with the cavalry to Trevilian Station and back. On the return, June 19, laid a bridge of 100 feet in length across the Mattapony at Dunkirk. Reached White House June 21. Ac- companied the corps from White House to the James River. June 23, laid a bridge over each branch of the Chickahominy at Jones Fordone of 60 feet and one of 40 feet in length. June 25 to 30, assisted in crossing troops and trains over the James River at Wilcoxs Ferry. Built a pontoon bridge 64 feet in length from the shore to some barges moored off a point. June 30, marched from Wind-Mill Point to cam p of Reserve Battalion near City Point. On the 5th of June Lieutenant Henderson, of the Fifteenth New York Volunteer Engineers, reported to me at headquarters near Cold Harbor, with a pontoon train of twenty wooden boats which he had brought from Port RQyal. As he had no forage wagons I sent him with his train to White House; where forage could be con- veniently obtained for his animals. Some material was taken from this train to supply deficiencies of trains then in the field occasioned by the wear and tear of constant use of the bridges. I directed Lieutenant Henderson to supply these deficiencies, if possible, by requisitions on General Benham or Captain Robbins at Fortress Monroe, and to fit his train for immediate use in the field as speedily as possible. On the 9th of June I directed Major Ford to send Captain Mid- dleton, with Company M of his battalion, to White House to relieve Lieutenant Henderson with his detachment; sending orders also to Lieutenant Henderson to report to Captain Slosson or General Benham, then supposed to be at Fortress Monroe. June 10, Lient. Joseph D. Beers was sent to Fortress Monroe to obtain pontoon material to supply deficiencies in Captain Middletons train. This material did not reach White House in time for the move across the Chickahominy to the James River. June 11, I sent Captain Van Brocklin with part of his company and eight canvas boats to join the Fifth Corps and report to Major Ford. Major Ford broke camp at 8 a. in., and marched with his command and bridge trains about 6 miles, and encamped at General Warrens ~ieadquarters near Baltimore Cross-Roads. Captain Personius moved from Parsleys Mill to Tunstalls Station with the pontoon train of the First Battalion. * * For continuation of report see Vol. XL, Part I Page 316 OPEEATIONS IN SE. NrA. AN]) N. C. Bridges built. Kind of Date. ~ be Location. River. Officer in command of n bridgt train. a Rappahannock Rapidan do do. do do do Rappahannock P0 do Rappahannock.... North Anna do do do Kellys Ford Elys Ford ....do Germanna Ford.. do Culpeper Ford.... Elys Ford Fredericks b n rg (lower crossing). Fredericksburg (Lacy house). Jericho Mills Railway bridge... do Above railroad bridge. Quarles Mills a do Jericho Mills do Below railroad do bridge. Above rail r o a d bridge. Hanovertown ... do Mrs. Nelsons b.... ...do Hanovertown .... Dunkirk ....do New Castle Ferry. ....do Long Bridgec Jones Bridged... Jones Bridge c... Jones Bridged... Coles Ferry do Pamunkey do do do do Mattapony do Pamunkey do Chickahominy do do do do do do Captain Foiwell. Do. Major Brainerd. Captain McDonald. Captain Van Brocklin. Captain Palmer. Captain McDonald. Major Brainerd. Captain Van Brocklin. Do. Major Beers. Captain Van Brocklin. Captain Foiwell. Do. Do. Major Beers. Do. Captain McDonald. Do. Captain Van Brocklin. Captain Foiwell. Do. Major Beers. Captain Van Brocklin. Captain Personius. Captain Van Brocklin. Do. Captain Foiwell. Major Ford. Do. Lientenant Folwell. Do. Captain Palmer. Do. Lieute n ant - Colonel Spaniding. Dunkirk Mattapony Captain Foiwell. Jones Bridge Chickahominy Do. do do Do. a Besides pontoon, 220 feet crib bridge. b Or Mrs. Hundleys. c Main channel. d South branch. From the above statement it appears that the total number of pontoon bridges built was thirty-eight, and their aggregate length 6,458 feet. I have endeavored to be as brief as possible, but in carrying out your instructions as to detailed descriptions of all the operatioiis of this command I have been compelled to make this report much longer than I could have wished. During the whole time covered by this report I believe the pontoon trains have been promptly on time when ordered, the bridges rapidly and skillfully built, and all other engineering operations of this command faith- fully performed. Whatever credit may be awarded for this is mainly due to the energy and skill of the officers in immediate charge of the several works and to the zealous and faithful co-oper- ation of the men under their command. Very respectfully, I. SPAULDING, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding. Maj. J. C. DUANE, Chief Engineer, Army of the Potomac. 316 [CHAP. XLVIII. Feet. 180 150 190 220 220 160 190 420 50 50 440 Canvas ... do wooden.. do Canvas ... Wooden.. do..... do Canvas... do Wooden.. 1864. Apr. 29 May 4 4 4 4 4 7 10 10 10 18 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 28 3 5 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 160 Canvas ... 100 do 100 do 100 ... do 80 Wooden.. 160 do 100 do 100 do 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 June 180 164 146 140 180 180 188 160 150 100 60 60 40 60 40 1240 Canvas ... do do Wooden.. do do Canvas ... do do Wooden.. .00 Canvas. do Wooden.. do Wooden and can- vas. Canvas... ....do do 19 36 100 23 37 60 23 38 40 6,45 Page 317 RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 317 No. 14. Report of Capt. George H. Miendell, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, commanding U. S. Engineer Battalion. HEADQUARTERS U. S. ENGINEER BATTALION, Camp near Petersburg, Va., August 5, 1864. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the officers and men of this battalion between May 1 and August 1, 1864: On the 3d of May the Engineer Battalion, with S officers and 350 men present, broke camp at Brandy Station and marched to Rich- ardsville, repairing the road to Culpeper Mine Ford for the passage of trains, and on the 4th were engaged in repairing the roads from the ford to the Old Wilderness Tavern. Lients. R. S. Mackenzie and Howell were, by the direction of the chief engineer of this army, ordered to accompany the cavalry colnmns on the front and flanks of the army, where they performed valuable service in recon- noitering and directing the operations of topographical parties. On the 6th, the battalion reported to General Warren, commanding the Fifth Corps, for duty as infantry, and were assigned a position in the rifle-pits. Upon learning this fact Lieutenant Mackenzie retnrned from the cavalry and reported for duty with the battalion, making 4 officers in all. The companies were commanded by ser- geants. During the latter part of the day the battalion was en- gaged in fortifying a new line on the Fifth Corps front, which, however, the turning of the flank of the Sixth Corps (on the night of the 5th) rendered useless. In the confusion that ensued upon the retreat of the Sixth Corps the battalion held a position on the right of Griffins division, of the Fifth Corps, and remaThed in it until daylight of the 7th, when, nnder the orders of General Warren, it was employed in perfecting communications in rear, repairing roads, and constructing bridges. On the 9th, near Spot- sylvania Court-House, a part of the battalion was employed in fortifying a position on the Fifth Corps front, under the fire of sharpshooters. During the s~ibsequent operations around Spotsyl- vania Court-House the officers were actively and almost constantly employed in reconnaissances under temporary assignments to the different army corps, in guiiing troops to positions, and performing such other staff duty as the corps commanders desired, an aggregate of labor that was up to the limit of endurance. On the 12th and 13th, the battalion was employed in repairing roads leading toward Fredericksburg, and on the 25th assisted in bridging the North Anna at Quarles Mills and perfecting the approaches. During the whole month the officers were kept constantly em- ployed on detached service, under the direction of the chief engineer. In the first few days of June lines of works were laid out for the defense, by a small force, of the White House depot, on the Pamun- key, and during the operations near Cold Harbor, both officers and men were actively engaged in constructing batteries and intrench- ments. * I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. H. MENDELL, Capt. of Engineers, ~orndg. U. S. Engineer Battalion. Maj. J. C. DUANE, Chief Engineer, Army of the Potomac. * ]~~r continuation of report, see VoL ~L, Part I Page 318 318 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. No. 15. Reports of ]Iifaj. Gen. Winfleld S. Hancock, U. S. Army, command- ing Second Army Corps, with statement of guns captured and lost from AiEay 3 to November 1, and list of colors captured and lost from lliliay 4 to November 1. WASHINGTON, D. C., February , 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of the Second Army Corps from May 3 to May 7, 1864, includ- ing the battle of the Wilderness, this being the first epoch of the campaign, according to the division established by the major-general commanding: The corps left its winter quarters near Stevensburg, Va., on the nioht of the 3d of May, with about 27,OOQ officers and men for duty. The First and Second Divisions, under Generals Barlow and Gibbon, were composed of the troops of the old Second Corps. The Third and Fourth Divisions, under Generals Birney and Mott, were formed by the consolidation of the old Third Corps with the Second. The Artillery Brigade, attached to the Second Corps, under the command of Col. J. C. Tidball, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery, consisted of nine batteries, four of theni of rifled guns and five of smooth-bore guns. The two battalions of the, Fourth Heavy Artillery were at- tached to the brigade. My command moved at midnight toward Elys Ford, preceded by Greggs division of cavalry, which met with nio resistance at the river. When the infantry came in sight of the ford, the cavalry was well across and had the canvas bridge nearly laid. The bridge was soon completed by my troops, and the corps proceeded to Chaii- cellorsville, arriving there about 9 a. m. The cavalry moved well out in advance toward Fredericksburg and Todds Tavern. During the afternoon communications were established with Warrens corps, on my right, by way of the plank road. My troops bivouacked for the night near the cross-roads at Chancellorsville, on the battle ground of May3, 1863. At 5 a. m. on the 5th of May the Second Corps moved toward its designated position at Shady Grove Church, taking the road by the Furnaces and Todds Tavern. My advance was about 2 miles beyond Todds Tavern, when, at 9 a. in., I received a dispatch from the major-general commanding the Army of the Potomac to halt at the tavern, as the enemy had been discovered in some force on the Wil- derness pike. Two hours later I was directed to move my command out the Brock road to its intersection with the Orange plank road. I immediately gave orders for the troops to march toward the point designated. Proceeding ahead of my command to the junction of the Brock road and Orange plank road, I there met Brigadier-Geii- eral Getty, commanding Second Division, Sixth Corps, who, with a part of his division, had encountered the enemys advance at that point, and after a sharp contest had taken possession of the cross- roads. Lieut. Col. C. H. Morgan, my chief of staff, was sent by me at this hour to inform Major-General Meade that I had joined Gen- eral Getty on the Brock road. General Gettys command was then in line of battle along that road, his left resting near the junction with the Orange plank road. At 2 p. m. the head of my command (Major-General Birneys division) joined General Gettys troops on the l3rock road, and was at once formed on Gettys left in two line Page 319 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 319 of battle along that road. Motts and Gibbons divisions, coming up rapidly, t@ok their position on Birneys left in the same forma- tion. Barlows division, with the exception of Franks brigade, which was stationed at the jnnction of the Brock road and the road leading t~ the Catharpin Furnaces, held the left of my line, and was thrown forward oii some high, clear ground in front of the Brock road. This eleVated ground commanded the coun- try for some distance to the right and left covering the Fredericks- burg and Orange Court-House Railroad in front. Owing to the dense forest which covered my front this was the only point on my line where artillery could have an effective range, and I, therefore, directed that all of the batteries of my command, save Dows (Sixth Maine) battery and one section of Ricketts (F) company, First Penn- sylvania Artillery, should be placed in position there, supported by Barlows division, and forming the extreme left of the line of battle of the army. Dows battery was placed in position in the second line of battle near the left of Motts division. One section of Ricketts battery, under the orders of General Getty, was placed on the Orange plank road, at the point where our line of battle crossed it. My division commanders had been directed to erect breast- works immediately upon going into pos~tion. This was accom- plished without delay. Commencing at the point where my right joined General Gettys left, a substantial line of breast-works was constructed of earth and logs the whole length of my line of battle, running along the Brock road until the line diverged to the right. It inclosed the high ground occupied by Barlows division and the artillery, from which point it was refused sharply to the left and car- ried across the Brock road to protect my left flank. An important road connecting the Brock and Catharpin roads came into the Brock road near where my line of breast-works terminated on the left. The second line of battle also threw up breast-works in rear of the first line, and subsequently a third line was constructed in rear of the Third and Fourth Divisions. At 2.80 p. m. I received a dispatch from Major-General Humphreys, chief of staff of the Army of the Potomac, stating that the enemys infantry had driven our cavalry down the Orange plank road from Parkers Store, and that a portion of A. P. Hills corps was moving on that road toward its intersection with the Brock road. This dispatch stated further that General Gettys division, of the Sixth Corps, had been ordered to drive the enemy back on the Orange road, but that it might not be able to do so. I was directed to move out the Orange plank road, supporting General Gettys division toward Parkers Store; to drive the enemy beyond that point, to occupy it, and to unite with General Warrens left on the right of Parkers Store. General Warrens line was said to extend from the Orange turnpike to within 1 mile of the plank road in the vicinity of the store. At 2.15 p. m. I had received a dispatch from General Humphreys to the effect that the enemy held the Orange plank road nearly to its junction with the Brock roads directing me to attack with General Gettys and my own command, and to endeavor to connect with General Warren on the Orange plank road, the same dispatch stat- ing that Griffins divisidn, of the Fifth Corps, had been driven back somewhat on the Orange pike; that Warrens left (Crawfords di- vision) was within 1 mile of Parkers Store, but that it was possible that Crawford would be withdrawn or be driven in by! the enemy. When these dispatches reached me the greater portion of my troop Page 320 320 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. were coming up on the Brock road from Todds Tavern to join Gen- eral Getty. Birneys division had already taken position on Gettys left. The remaining divisions were forming as they arrived on the ground, as has been described. Owing to the fact of the Brock road being very narrow and heavily wooded on both sides; the formation of the infantry in line of battle was extremely slow. The troops were greatly retarded in their march by the artillery occupying the road. When I first joined General Getty near the Orange plank road be informed me that two divisions of Hills corps were in his immediate front, and ihat he momentarily anticipated an attack. I had therefore directed that the breast-works already mentioned should be completed in order to receive the assault should the enemy ad- vance. Between 3 and 4 p. iii. I was ordered to attack with Gettys command, supporting the advance with my whole corps. At 4.15 p. m. General Getty moved forward on the right and left of the Orange plank road, having received direct orders from General Meade to commence the attack withont waiting for me. His troops encountered the enemys line of battle about 300 paces in front of. the Brock road and at once became very hotly engaged. Finding that General Getty had met the enemy in great force, I ordered General Birney to advan~e his command (his own and Motts divis- ions) to support the movement of Getty at once, although the forma- tion I had directed to be made before carrying out my instructions to advance was not yet completed. General Birney immediately moved forward on General Gettys right and left, one section of Ricketts battery (Company F, First Pennsylvania Artillery) moving down the plank road just in rear of the infantry. The fight became very fierce at once. The lines of battle were exceedingly close, the musketry continuous and deadly along the entire line. At 4.30 p. m. Carrolls brigade, of Gibbons division, advanced to the support of Gettys right on the right of the plank road, and a few minutes later Owens brigade, of Gibbons division, was also ordered into action in support of General Getty on the right and left of the Orange plank road. The battle raged with great severity and ob- stinacy until about 8 p. m. without decided advantage to either party. During this contest the Irish Brigade, commanded by Col- onel Smyth, of the Second [First] Delaware Volunteers, and Colonel Brookes (Fourth) brigade, both of Barlows division, Second Corps, attacked the enemy vigorously on his right and drove his line for some distance, The Irish Brigade was heavily engaged, and al- though four-fifths of its numbers were recruits, it behaved with great steadiness and gallantry, losing largely in killed and wounded. The section of Ricketts battery, which moved down the plank road when Birney and Getty attacked, suffered severely in men and horses. It was captured at one time during the fight, but was re- taken under the direction of Captain Butterfield, of Colonel Carrolls staff, by detachments from the Fourteenth Indiana and Eighth Ohk~ Volunteers, of Carrolls brigade. It was then withdrawn and re- placed by a section of Dows (Sixth Maine) battery. During the night of the 5th, I receiVed orders to move upon the enemy again at 5 a. in. on the 6th. I was cautioned to keep a sharp lookout on my left, and was informed that my right would be re- lieved by an attack by General Wadsworths division, of the Fifth Corps, and two divisions of the Ninth Corps under General Burn- side. General Gettys troops, under command of General Wheaton (Geneval Getty having been woRuded on the ~$th [6th]), remaine Page 321 CHAP. XLVIII.] KAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 321 under my orders. Befoie the hour at which theattack was directed to commence had arrived I was informed that Longstreets corps was passing up the Catharpin road to attack my left flank. Prep- arations were at once made to receive the enemy at that point. Barlows division was placed in position for that purpose, and my artillery was formed to cover the road leading from the Catharpin to the Brock road, along which it was supposed the enemy would advance. A strong skirmish line was also thrown out covering the Brock road. These preparations were made under the immediate supervision of General Gibbon, who was placed in command of his own and Barlows division and the left of my line, General Birney being in command of the right. At 5 a. in., according to instruc- tions before mentioned, the command of General Birney, consisting of his own and Motts division, advanced along the Orange plank road, simultaneously with General Gettys troops (now under corn- mand of General Wheaton), and attacked the enemy with great vigor. These troops were supported by Carrolls and Owens bri- gades, of Gibbons division. After a desperate contest, in which our troops conducted themselves in the most intrepid manner, the enemys line was broken at all points, and he was driven in confu- sion through the forest for about 14 miles, suffering severe losses in killed, wounded, and prisoners. Our line, which had become some- what disordered by the long distance which it had pressed after the enemy through the wood, was now halted, to adjust its formation before advancing farther. About this hour Webbs brigade, of Gib- bons division, was ordered to the right in support of Birney. Gen- eral Birney directed General Webb to relieve the troops of General Gettys division with his brigade. These troops, having lost heavily during the fight earlier in the morning, were withdrawn after hav- ing been relieved by General Webb, and were formed on the orig- inal line of battle along the Brock road. At ~ a. m. I sent a staff officer to General Gibbon, commanding the left of my line, inform- ing him of our success on my right, and directing him to attack the enemys right with Bar]ows division, and to press to the right toward the Orange plank road. This order was only partially car- ried out. Franks brigade, of Barlows division, was sent to feel the enemy right, and after an obstinate contest succeeded in forming a connection with the left of Motts division. II do not know why my order to attack with Barlows division was not more fully carried out, but it was probably owing to the apprehended approach of Longstreets corps on my left about that time; but, had my left advanced as directed by me in several orders, I believe the over- throw of the enemy would have been assured. At all events, an attack on the enemys right by the troops of Barlows division would have prevented the turning of the left of Motts division, which occurred later in the day. At 8 a. m. Stevensons division, of Burusides corps, reported to me at the intersection of the Orange plank road and the Brock road. About the same hour Gemieral Wadsworth, of the Fifth Corps, with about 5,000 troops, was placed under my orders. General Wads- worths command went into action on the right of the Orange plank road, connecting with General Birneys line of battle. I was also informed about this time, by a dispatch from General Meade, that two of General Burnsides divisions had pushed forward nearly to Parkers Store and would attack across my front to relieve me. The enemy was now making some demonstrations on my extreme left, 21 R RYOL Xxxvi, PT Page 322 322 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. which led me to apprehend an attack in that direction and gave me some uneasiness, bnt I was notified at 8.15 a. in., by a dispatch from General Hnmphreys, that General Sheridan, with one division of cavalry, had been directed to attack the enemy on the Brock road. It was supposed that Longstreets- corps was marching on that road toward my left. At 8.50. a. in. Birneys, Stevensons, Motts, and Wadsworths divisions again advanced along the Orange plank road with Webbs, Carrolls, and Owens brigades, of Gibbons division, and became very furiously engaged with the enemy. The firing had hardly commenced at this point when my left flank was seriously threatened. The enemy opened with artillery and pressed forward their skirmish line. Rapid firing was also heard in the direction of Todds Tavern. This was supposed to be Sheridans attack on Long- street, which had been ordered by the major-general commanding, as narrated above. The impression that Longstreet was executing the flank movement, concerning which I had been cautioned during the night, was strengthened by a report that infantry was moving on the Brock road from the direction of Todds Tavern about 2 miles from my left. Knowing that we had no infantry in that direction I supposed it must be the advance of the enemy, and Brookes brigade, of Barlows division, was immediately sent out on the Brock road to my extreme left, where a strong breast-work was constructed across the road. Leasures brigade, Ninth Corps, and Eustis brigade, Sixth Corps, were held in readiness to support Bar- low. The infantry reported as moving on the Brock road proved after- ward to be a body of several hundred convalescents who had marched from Chancellorsville and were now following the route of the Second Corps around by Todds Tavern. Sheridan, instead of meeting Longstreet, encountered Stuarts cavalry, while Long- street abandoned his flank movement arid came in on the Orange plank road to the support of Hill, who had been effectually disposed of by my own attack. The arrangements made on my extreme left to receive Longstreet prevented me from pushing my success at the time when General Birney was driving Hill on the plank road. At 9.15 a dispatch reached me from General Humphreys, stating that Lieutenant-Colonel Comstock, of General Grants staff, had been sent to point out to General Buruside where to attack the enemy near the plank road. The same dispatch directed me to attack simultaneously with General Buruside. When I received it my line was closely engaged with the enemy on the right and left of the Orange plank road. Half an hour later another dispatch arrived from GeneraJ Humphreys, inclosing one from Colonel Platt, judge- advocate of the Army of the Potomac, which stated that Cutlers brigade, Fifth Corps, on my right, had fallen back out of the woods considerably disorganized, General Cutler reporting heavy losses, and that the enemys skirmishers were within one-half mile of Gen- eral Warrens headquarters. I was directed to take immediate measures to check this movement of the enemy through General Warrens left and was informed that General Meade had no troops to spare for that purpose. I at once ordered General Birney to send to the right as many troops as he could spare to drive the enemy back and restore the line where it had been broken on General War- rens left. General Birney sent two brigades to effect that object, and reported to me a short time afterward by one of his staff that the force he had dispatched to the right had connected with War Page 323 CHAP. XLVIII.] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 323 ren s left and had re-established the line which had been lost by Cutlers brigade falling back. Abont 10 a. m. General Gibbon in- fromed me that the enemy did not hold the Brock road, bnt that Gen- eral Miles skfrmishers were engaged on my extreme left, in front of the Brock road, with the enemys dismounted cavalry, while in the direction of Todds Tavern our cavalry was engaged, it was supposed, with Longstreet s corps. The enemy now advanced upon Franks brigade, of Barlows di- vision, which joined the left of Motts division. That brigade, having been heavily engaged in the earlier part of the day, had nearly exhausted its ammunition, and was compelled to retire be- fore the enemy, whose attack was made with great ~veheinence. This was Longstreets attack. Passing over Franks brigade, they struck the left of Motts division, which in turn was forced back. Some confusion ensuing among the troops of that division, I en- deavored to restore order and to reform my line of battle along the Orange plank road, from its extreme advance to its junction with the Brock road, by throwing back my left, in order to hold my advanced position along that road and on its right, but was unable to effect this, owing to the partial disorganization of the troops, which was to be attributed to their having been engaged for many hours in a dense forest, under a heavy and murderous musketry fire, when their formation was partly lost. General Birney, who was in coin- mand of that portion of the line, thought it advisable to withdraw the troops froni the wood, where it was almost impossible to adjust our lines, and to reform them in the breast-works along the Brock road on our original line of battle. This movement was accom- plished, and by the exertions of the officers order was soon restored. The troops were reformed in two lines of battle on the same ground from which they had advanced to the attack in the morning. The enemy pushed forward until he was within a few hundred paces of our breast-works, but did not attempt to assault them at that time. I had dispatched a staff officer to inform General Meade that, owing to a heavy attack by Longstreet on my left, my troops had been forced to retire to the Brock road, where the line of battle had beeii re-established I also informed him that I was about to attack the enemys left with Leasures brigade, of the Ninth Corps, then under my orders. This brigade was in position toward the left of my line, and under the command of General Gibbon. I instructed him to advance it upon the left flank of the enemy, directing that Colonel Leasure should sweep along the front of my line to the right in the direction of the Orange plank road, keeping his right about 100 paces from our breast-works; that he should attack the enemys heft and endeavor to drive him back. These instructions were exe- cuted by Colonel Leasure with great spirit and success. Deploying his brigade at right angles to our line of battle, he traversed the en- tire front of Motts and Birneys divisions, crossing the Orange plank road in his march, encountering as he proceeded what he sup- posed to be a brigade of the enemy, which fell back in disorder without engaging him. After carrying out my instructions very fully and intelligently, Colonel Leasures command resumed its former position in the line of battle. At 2.10 p. m. one brigade of Robinsons division, of the Ninth [Fifth ?j Corps, and two regiments of heavy artillery, commanded by Colonel Morrison, reported to me by order of Major-General Meade Page 324 324 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. These troops I directed to be massed near the plank road in reserve. No further demonstrations were made in my front until 4.15 p. in., when the enemy advanced against my line in force, pressing forward until they came to the edge of the abatis, less than 100 paces from my first line, where they halted, and continued an uninterrupted fire of musketry. Though the firing was very heavy, little execution was done among our troops, but after half an hour had passed, some of the troops began to waver, and finally a portion of Motts division and Wards brigade, of Birneys division, in the first line, gave way, retiring in disorder toward Chancellorsville. My staff and other officers made great exertions to rally these men, and many of them were returned to the line of battle, but a portion of them could not be collected until the action was over. As soon as the break in our line occurred, the enemy pushed for- ward and some of them reached the breast-works and planted their flags thereon. A few of them were killed inside of our breast-works. At the moment when the enemy reached our line, General Birney ordered Carrolls brigade, of Gibbons division, to advance upon them and drive theni back. Carroll moved by the left flank and then for- ward at the double-quick, retaking the breast-works at once and forcing the enemy to fall back and abandon the attack in great dis- order, with heavy loss in killed and wounded. Brookes brigade, of Barlows division, was sent up from the left by General Gibbon to re- enforce Mott about the same time, but was just anticipated by Car- rolls brigade, which reached the breast-works first and drove the enemy back. This attack was principally on the left of the plank road. Dows battery (Sixth Maine) rendered valuable and effective serv- ice, one section being on the plank road, the others in the second line near Motts left. It delivered a destructive fire as the enemy ap- proached our line, and was served with great steadiness and gallan- try. The confusion and disorganization among a portion of the troops of Motts and Birneys divisions on this occasion was greatly increased, if not originated, by the front line of breast-works having taken fire a short time before the enemy made his attack, the flames having been communicated to it from the forest in front (the battle- ground of the morning), which had been burning for some hours. The breast-works on this portion of my line were .constructed en- tirely of logs, and at the critical moment of the enemys advance were a mass of flames which it was impossible at that time to sub- due, the fire extending for many hundred paces to the right and left. The intense heat and the smoke, which was driven by the wind di- rectly into the faces of the men, prevented them on portions of the line from firing over the parapet, and at some points compelled theni to abandon the line. About the time the enemy had been repulsed, I received a dispatch from the major-general commanding counter- manding the order for the attack which had been previously directed to take place at 6 p. m. While on my way to army headquarters between 7 and 8 p. in., in obedience to a summons from the major-general commanding, I was called upon for troops to assist Major-General Sedgwick, whose line had been broken by the enemy. I directed General Gettys division, Sixth Corps (then under command of General Wheaton), to report to General Sedgwick at once. The night of the 6th and the following day passed without material incident save that early in the morning of the 7th a reconnaissance was made under Genera Page 325 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 325 Birneys command, when it was found that the enemy did not hold the Orange plank road in force for some distance in my front. Dnr- ing this reconnaissance Captain Briscoe, of General Birneys staff, distinguished himself in a. marked manner. At 9 a. m. a dispatch reached me, from General Hnmphreys, stating that the movements of the enemy indicated that either General Warren or myself wonld be attacked, but nothing more than light skirmishing occurred in my front. Abont dark I sent to their proper commands, by order of the major-general commanding, all the troops nnder my orders not be- longing to my own corps. Birneys division was detached jnst before dark and ordered to Hawkins Chnrch to cover the Reserve Artillery, but the order for this movement was countermanded after the divis- ion had moved ont a short distance. It then retnrned to its former position. At daylight on the morning of the 8th, in obedience to orders, I withdrew my corps from its position on the Brock road and covered the rear of the army during the movements toward Spot- sylvania Court-House. I am aware that I have given but -a meager sketch of the part taken by the troops under my command in the battle of the Wilder- ness. The natnre of the country in which that battle was fought is well known. It was covered by a dense forest, almost impenetrable by troops in line of battle, where maneuvering was an operation of extreme difficulty and nncertainty. The undergrowth was so heavy that it was scarcely possible to see more than 100 paces in any direc- tion. No movements of the enemy could be observed until the lines were almost in collision; only the roar of the mnsketry disclosed the position of the combatants, to those who were at any distance, and my knowledge of what was transpiring on the field, except in my immediate presence, was limited and was necessarily derived from reports of subordinate commanders. The casualties of service then and subsequently have rendered it impossible for me to obtain the official reports of many of the gallant officers who took a promi- nent and distinguished part in that great battle. Major-General Birney, Brigadier-Generals Wadsworth, Stevenson, and Hays, are dead; General Barlow is in Europe, and Generals Ward and Owen are out of service. I have applied to General Getty for his report, but have not yet received it. Looking at the action after so long a time has elapsed, it seems that the expected movement of Longstreet on the left flank, on the morning of the 6th, had a very material effect upon the result of the battle. I was not only cautioned officially that the movement was being made, but many incidents narrated in the body of this report, such as the skirmishing and artillery firing on General Barlows flank, the heavy firing in the direction of Todds Tavern, where Sher- idan was to attack Longstreet, ai~id the report of the infantry mov- ing on the Brock road from the direction of Todds Tavern, con- firmed me in the belief that I would receive a formidable attack on my left. This paralyzed a large number of my best troops, who would otherwise have gone into action at a decisive point on the morning of the 6th. Had Franks brigade been supported that morning by the remainder of Barlows division the result must have been very disastrous to the enemy in his then shattered con- dition. From accounts from Confederate sources it is now known that our fierce attack along the Orange plank road on the 6th ha Page 326 826 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. broken Hills corps to pieces, and that Longstreet was recalled from the Catharpin road to retrieve the disaster which had over- taken Hill, while Stnart with his cavalry was directed to attack our left. I am not aware what movements were made by General Burn- side near Parkers Store on the morning of the 6th, but I experi- enced no relief from the attack I was informed he would make across my front, a movement long and anxiously waited for. The late Major-General Birney acquitted himself with great honor during the battle. His command made a splendid and irresistible advance on the 6th, in which he entirely overthrew the enemy in his front. Major-General Gibbon commanded. the left of my line. The troops of his division were sent to the right during the severe fighting along the plank road on the 5th and 6th, where they were under the command of General Birney. Brigadier-General Bar- low, then commanding First Division, Second Corps, was under the immediate command of General Gibbon during the battle, on the extreme left of my line. He performed important services. His division, which had charge of the support of nearly all of my artil- lery, did not go into action as a whole, but each of his brigades were engaged at different periods on the 5th and 6th. Brigadier-General Mott, commanding Fourth Division, Second Corps, was under the command of General Birney during the operations of the 5th and 6th. He displayed his accustomed personal gallantry on the field. Brig- adier-General Getty, commanding Second Division, Sixth Corps, was under my command on the 5th and 6th. He was severely wounded while engaged with the enemy on the morning of the 6th. Brigadier- General Wheaton succeeded him in command. His troops fought with great bravery on both days. J3rig. Gen. Alexander Hays, that dauntless soldier, whose intrepid and chivalric bearing on so many battle-fields had won for him the highest renown, was killed at the head of his brigade on the 5th. Brigadier-General Wadsworth whose brilliant example, and fearless courage always had such an inspiring effect upon his soldiers, fell while leading them against the enemy on the morning of the 6th. Brig. Gen. Alexander S. Webb, commanding First Brigade, Gibbons division, Col. (now Brig. Gen.) Thomas A. Smyth, commanding the Irish Brigade, of Barlows di- vision, and Col. (now Brig. Gem) John R. Brooke, commanding Fourth Brigade, of Barlows division, are entitled to high praise for the manner in which they led their troops into action. Col. (now Brig. Gen.) S. S. Carroll, whose services and gallantry were con- spicuous throughout the battle, received a painful wound on the 6th, but refused to retire from the field or to give up his command. He particularly distinguished himself on the afternoon of the 6th by the prompt and skillful manner in which he led his brigade to repulse the enemy when they had broken the line of Motts and Birneys troops. Col. (now Brig. Gen.) N. A. Miles, command- ing First Brigade, of Barlows division, checked several attempts of the enemy to advance on my left. In these encounters General Miles displayed his usual skill and courage. Maj. Henry L. Abbott, Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers, was mortally wounded while I.eading his regiment in the heat of the contest on the morning of the 6th. This brilliant young officer, by his courageous conduct in action, the high state of discipline in his regiment, his devotion to duty, at all times, had obtained the highest reputation among his commanding officers. His loss was greatly deplored. Brigadier Page 327 CHAP. XLVIII.] 1~APIDAN TO THE JAMES. 327 General Webb speaks highly of the conduct of Colonel (now Briga- dier-General) Bartlett, of the Fifty-seventh Massachusetts Volun- teers, whose regiment was associated in action with his brigade for a short time on the 6th. The following officers of my staff displayed their usual intelli- gence and courage: Lieut. Col. C. H. Morgan, assistant inspector- general and chief of staff, Second Corps; Lieut. Col. Francis A. Walker, assistant adjutant-general; Maj. W. G. Mitchell, aide-de- camp; Maj. A. W. Angel, Fifth New Jersey Volunteers, topo- graphical engineer; Snrg. A. N. Dougherty, medical director, Second Corps; Capt. I. B. Parker, aide-de-camp; Capt. W. D. W. Miller, aide-de-camp; Capt. W. P. Wilson, acting aide-de-camp. Capt. H. H. Biugharn, judge-advocate, Second Corps, specially dis- tinguished hinTself in rallying and leading into action a portion of the troops who had given way on the afternoon of the 6th. Capt. E. P. Browuson, commissary of musters of the Second Corps, was severely wounded while performing similar dnty. The casualties in the Second Corps during the battle of the Wil- derness were as follows: I- Killed. Wounded. Missing. Command. i a a a a a a a be 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Artillery Brigade 1 9 3 13 First Division 9 130 21 637 3 107 907 Second Division 7 131 41 613 2 112 906 Third Division 14 250 83 1,490 ~ ~ 1,973 Total* 30 512 I 145 2,749 11 352 3,799 The casualties in the Fourteenth Indiana Regiment are not in- cluded in the above. The regiment being now out of service, I have no record from which the information could be obtained. I desire to say in conclusion that the delay in the transmission of this report; its deficiencies in reference to the operations of the troops under my command during the battle, not belonging to the Second Corps, and the absence of many details of the movements of brigades and regiments of the Second Corps on that field, have been occasioned by the urgent and constant occnpation of my time, absorbed as it was by the subsequent operations of the campaign, by the almost total absence of detailed reports from division, brigade, and regimental commanders, and lastly, as has been previously stated, by the nature of the ground on which the battle was fought, which made it impossible to observe the movements of the troops after they had entered the forest, whose thickets concealed the various incidents of the fight from all save those who were imme- diately engaged. These circumstances combined have not only pre- vented me from furnishing an accurate and minute report of the operations of the troops, but have unfortunately been the cause of the omission from this report of the names of very many brave offi- cers amid soldiers whose conduct richly entitled them to special men- tion and commendation. * But see revised statement, p. 122 Page 328 328 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [cflAP. XLVIII. Although the major-general commanding the Army of the Potomac has stated that reports of the campaign which were not submitted before a certain time would not be forwarded with his own, I con- sider it due to the officers and soldiers engaged in the battle of the Wilderuess that their services should be recited. I therefore submit my report at this late day. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, WINFD S. HANCOCK, Mc~j. Gen., U. S. Vol anteers, Commanding Corps. ASST. ADJT. GEN., ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. P. 8.A number of colors were captured by the troops under my command during this battle. Several thousand stand of arms were also collected from the field. HEADQUARTERS MIDDLE MILITARY DEPARTMENT, Baltimore, Nd., September 21, 1865. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Comdg. ]JiIiil. Div. of the Atlantic, Philadelphia., Pa.: GENERAL: I have the honor to inclose herewith the report of the operations of the troops under my command during the second, third, fourth. and fifth epochs of the campaign of the Army of the Potomac in the year 1864. Some months siuce I forwarded to you my report of the first epoch, the battle of the Wilderness. I transmit these reports, notwithstanding your order from headquarters Army of the Potomac, which stated that no report of those epochs would be forwarded by you after a certain date (which would exclude all my reports of the five epochs of the campaign). Supposing, that in consideration of the circumstances causing the delay, and on account of the records of many individuals in subordinate positions, you will not insist on that order, but will forward them. If not, I request that you return them to me as soon as practicable. In explaining my operations on the day of the advance to Peters- burg (15th of July), I have lai4 a good deal of stress on the incor- rectness of the map furnished me, which I have in my possession, and of which you doubtless have a copy, to show the reason why I did not arrive at Petersburg at an earlier hour. I am well aware that at that time maps were difficult to procure; and in making the statement in reference to the map in question, I know full well that it was your intention to give me the best information in your ~ sion concerning the route. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WINFD S. HANCOCK, Major- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS MIDDLE MILITARY DEPARTMENT, Baltimore, Md., September 21, 1865. SIR: The following report of the operations of the Second Army Corps, from May 7, 1864, until May 21, 1864, is respectfully sub- mitted. It embraces the time designated by the commanding gen- eral, Army of the Potomac, as the secoiid epoch of the campaign: On the aftermioon of the 7th of May I received orders to move to Todds Tavern during the night, following Warrens corps, whic Page 329 CHAP. XLVIII.] flAPIDAN TO TIlE JAMES. 329 was ordered to Spotsylvania Court-House. I expected to have moved at 10 or 11 p. in., but the troops iu advance of me occupied ~the road all night, and in consequence, the head of my command did not march until some time after daylight. A strong picket-line, under com- mand of Col. (now Bvt. Maj. Gen.) Thomas W. Egan, Fortieth New York Volunteers, remained out in front of our line of battle along the Brock road, to cover the departure of my troops fromn that posi- tion. The pickets were withdrawn after the column had marched, and followed it after a considerable interval. They were not seri- ously molested by the enemy. The head of my columun arrived at Todds Tavern about 9 a. m. on the 8th, relieving Greggs division of cavalry, which was holding that point, my skirmishers relieving Greggs, who were engaged with the enemys cavalry in front of Todds Tavern. Motts division was placed in position to cover the Brock road. Barlows was formed on Motts left, Gibbons covered the Catharpin road, Bir- neys was in reserve. Subsequently my lines were extended to the left by Birneys division taking position on Gibbons left, between the Catharpin and Spotsylvania roads. Anticipating an attack in this position, from information which I had received, I directed my division commanders to intrench their lines, to slash the timber in their front, and to obstruct the road leading toward the enemy. Pickets and scouting parties were tlmrown well out in my front and on the flanks. About 11 a. in., Colonel (now Brevet Major-General) Miles, made a reconnaissance on the Catharpin road toward Corbins Bridge, with his own brigade of infantry, one brigade of Greggs cavalry, and one battery. This force proceeded to within one-half mile of Corbins Bridge, where the enemy opened upon it with artil- lery from the high ground on the south side of the Po, opposite the bridge. General Miles formed his infantry in line of battle along a wooded crest, facing the river, his artillery replying to the enemy s fire. He held this position until ordered to return to Todds Tavern later in the day. At 1.30 p. m. I was instructed by the major- general commanding the army to send one division of my corps to a point about half way between Todds Tavern and Sp~tsylvania Court-House as a support to Warrens and Sedgwicks corps. Gen- eral Gibbons division was withdrawn from my line for that pur- pose, portions of Barlows and Birneys divisions occupying the grounds thus vacated by Gibbon. At 5.30 p. in., when General Miles was returning from his reconnaissance toward Corbins Bridge he was attacked by Mahones brigade, of Hills corps, which was then marching toward Spotsylvania Court-House. As soon as the firing commenced on General Miles front I directed General Barlow to send a brigade to his support. The remaining troops were held in readiness to march in the same direction if required. About this time I was informed that the enemys infantry was also advancing on the Brock road to attack my right. I therefore directed that General Miles should retire slowly toward my main line of battle at Todds Tavern. This movement was executed with great skill and success by that officer, who, while accomplishing it, repelled two spirited attacks of the enemy, inflicting severe loss upon him. After the second repulse of the enemy, I withdrew Miles command inside the intrenchments at Todds Tavern. I directed a reconnaissance to be made on the Brock road as far as the junction of the road leading to Catharpin Furnaces, a detachment remaining at that point to give notice of any movements of the enemy in that direction Page 330 330 OPERATiONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [cHAP. XLvIII. This reconnaissance proved the report that the enemy was advancing on the Brock road to be nnfounded. Burtons brigade of heavy ar- tillery reported to me about 6.30 p. in., by order of Major-General Meade. I directed it to be massed in rear of my line of battle, in reserve. It was withdrawn from my command shortly afterward. On the following morning (the 9th) there were some indications of an advance by the enemy upon Birneys front along the Catharpin road. General Gibbons division moved about 1 mile to the right, connecting with Birneys division, and Burtons brigade was again ordered np to me. However, no advance was made by the enemy. At noon Birney and Barlow moved down the Spotsylvania road about 1 mile. Then taking a wood road leading to the right, to the high open ground overlooking the Po River, they joined General Gib- bon, who had previously moved to the left. Here line of battle was formed by the three divisions along the crest commanding the val- ley of the Po. Thorough reconnaissances of the ground between our position and the river were made. Motts division and Bnrtons heavy artillery were left to hold the position at Todds Tavern. During the afternoon the enemys wagon train could be seen across the Po, moving on the Block house road toward Spotsylvania. Our batteries opened upon it and forced it to take another road. Be- tween 4 and 5 p. rn. the river was examined with a view to crossing it, and at 6 p. in., in accordance with instructions from the major- general commanding, I directed Birney, Barlow, and Gibbon to force a passage over the stream; Brookes brigade, in Barlows divis- ion, had the advance. The enemy held the south side of the stream with only a small body of cavalry and two pieces of artillery, but the passage was extremely difficult, owing to the depth of the water and the thick undergrowth along the banks. Colonel (now General) Brooke pushed over energetically, driving the enemy and taking possession of the cross-roads between Glady Run and the Po. Bir- ney passed over the stream higher up, where he met quite a fierce resistance, the enemy being posted behind a mill race, which was held obstinately, but he was finally obliged to abandon it and retreat. General Gibbon crossed below Barlow, where he met no resistance. The troops were pushed forward rapidly along the Block house road, in the direction of the wooden bridge over the Po. Night came on, however, before they had proceeded far. I was anxious to reach the bridge on the Block house road, take possession of it, and effect the recrossing of the river before halting, but it was found impracticable to keep the skirmish line moving through the dense woods in the darkness, though a portion of the skirmishers reached the river, which was ascertained to be too deep for fording. I was, therefore, com- pelled to wait until morning. In accordance with orders from the major-general commanding, Motts division was withdrawn during the afternoon from Todds Tavern, and ordered to take position on the left of Wrights corps. After the crossing had been effected on the evening of the 9th, I had directed that three bridges should be thrown over the river suitable for the passage of artillery and infantry. These bridges were completed on the morning of the 10th. One was thrown at the point at which Brookes brigade had crossed, one (a pontoon) near where Gibbon had crossed, and a third a short distance below. At early dawn on the 10th, a close examination was made of the wooden bridge across the Po on the Block house road, with the design of forcing a passage over it, if it should be found practicabl Page 331 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO TIlE .TAMES. 331 to do so. The enemy was in strong force on the opposite bank in intrenchm cuts, which commanded the bridge and its approaches, but showed no disposition to prevent our examining the position. After a careful survey had been made, I concluded not to attempt to carry the bridge, but sent Brookes brigade, of Barlows division, up [down] the river, where a reconnaissance had been made by Lieu- tenant-Colonel Morgan, my chief of staff, to ascertain what conld be effected there. General Birney was directed to send three or four regiments out on the Andrews Tavern road to cover Brookes movement. Colonel Brooke succeeded in crossing the river about half way between the bridge and the mouth of Glady Run. Throwing ont a detachment under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hammell, Sixty-sixth New York Volunteers, who pushed forward a short distance when he discovered the enemys line, consisting of strong earth-works occu- pied by artillery and infantry. About this time I was informed by the major-general com- manding, that an assault was to be made on the enemys works on Laurel Hill, in front of General Warrens position near Alsops house. I was directed to move two of my divisions to the left to participate in it, and to a~ssnme command of the forces to be engaged in the attack. Gibbons division at once crossed to the north bank of the river, forming on Warrens right. Birneys division followed and was massed in reserve in rear of Warrens corps, leaving Bar- low to hold the ground on the south side of the Po. I accompanied Birneys and Gibbons divisions, and at once proceeded to make reconnaissance of the ground where the assault was intended to be ri~4~ As General Birney was about withdrawing from the south side of the Po, the regiments which he had ordered out toward Andrews Tavern were attacked near Glady Run and driven in, and as they returned the skirmishers of Barlows division became sharply engaged. It soon became evident that the enemy were advancing in force on Barlows position. The major-general commanding having received this information, and not desiring to bring on a battle on the south side of the Po, directed me to withdraw Barlows division to the north bank of the river at once, and to give my per- sonal supervision to the movement. I immediately joined General I3arlow and instructed him to prepare his command to recross the river on the bridges we had laid in the morning. The enemy was then driving in his skirmishers. The withdrawal of Barlows troops Dommenced about 2 p. m. Two of his brigades, Brookes and I3rowns, occupied an advanced position in front of the Block ~ionse road, between it and the Po. Miles and Smyths brigades vwere formed along that road, the left resting on a sharp crest within few hundred paces of the wooden bridge. In rear of this line a road, open plain extended to the point where our pontoon bridge vvas thrown across the river. General Barlow, anticipating an ad- lance of the eneniy, had constructed a line of breast-works parallel o the Block house road, a short distance in front of it, and had nade other necessary dispositions to receive him. When I directed General Barlow to commence retiring his com- nand he recalled Brookes and Browns brigades, and formed them m the right of Miles and Smyths brigades on a wooded crest in ear of the Block house road, about 100 paces in rear of the line of )reast-works. As soon as Brookes and Browns brigades had ocen- ded this position, Miles and Smyth were ordered to retire to th Page 332 ICHAP. XLYIIV 332 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. crest in front of our bridges on the south bank of tlie Po. Here they formed line of battle, throwing up hastily a light line of breast. works of rails and such other materials as they could collect on the ground. In a few minutes they were prepared to resist the enemy should he overpower Brooke and Brown and attempt to carry the bridges. I directed that all the batteries on the south side of the river, save Arnolds (A) First Rhode Island, should cross to the north bank and take position commanding the bridges. These dispositions had scarcely been completed when the enemy, having driven in the skirmishers of Brookes and Browns brigades, pressed forward and occupied the breast-works in front of them, then advancing in line of battle supported by columns, they attacked with great vigor and determination, but were met by a heavy and destructive fire, which compelled them to fall back at once in confusion with severe losses in killed and woirnded. Encouraged, doubtless, by the withdrawal of Miles and Smyths brigades from our front line, which it is sup- posed they mistook for a forced retreat, they reformed their troops and again assailed Brookes and Browns brigades. The combat now became close and bloody. The enemy, in vastly superior numbers, flushed with the anticipation of an easy victory, appeared to be determined to crush the small force opposing them, and pressing forward with loud yells forced their way close up to our line, de1iv~ ering a terrible musketry fire as they advanced. Our brave troops again resisted their onset with undaunted resolution. Their fire along the whole line was so continuous and deadly that the enemy found it impossible to withstand it, but broke again aiid retreated in the wildest disorder, leaving the ground in our front strewed with their dead and wounded. During the heat of this contest the woo~i~ on the right and in rear of our troops took fire. The flames had now approached close to our line, rendering it almost impossible to retain the position longer. The last bloody repulse of the enemy had quieted him for a time, and during this hill in the fight General Barlow directed Brooke and Brown to abandon their position and retire to the noith bank of the Po. Their right and rear enveloped in the burning wood, their front assailed by overwhelming numbers of the enemy, the withdrawal of the troops was attended with extreme difficulty and peril; but the movement was commenced at once, the men displayiiig such coolness and steadiness as are rarely exhibited in the presence of dangers so appalling. It seemed, indeed, that these gallant soldiers were devoted to destruction. The enemy, perceiving that our line was retiring, again advanced, but were again promptly checked by our troops, who fell back through the burning forest with admirable order and deliberation, though in doing so many of them were killed and wounded, num- bers of the latter perishing in the flames. One section of Arnolds battery had been pushed forward by Cap- tain Arnold during the fight to within a short distance of Brooke~ line, where it bad done effective service. When ordered to retire thc horses attached to one of the pieces, becoming terrified by the firc and unmanageable, dragged the gun between two trees, where ii became so firmly wedged that it could not be moved. Every exer tion was made by Captain Arnold and some of the infantry to extri cate the gun, but without success. They were compelled to abandor it. This was the first gun ever lost by the Second Corps. Brooke~ brigade, after emerging from the wood, had the open plain to tra Page 333 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 333 erse between the Block house road and the Po. This plain was swept by the enemys musketry in front and by their artillery on the heights above the Block house bridge on the south side of the river. Browns brigade in retiring was compelled to pass through the entire wood in its rear, which was then burning furiously. Although under a~hea~y fire it extricated itself from the forest, losing very heavily in killed and wounded. Colonel Brown crossed the river some distance above the pontoon bridge, forming his troops on the right of Brooke, who had also crossed to the north bank on the pon.. toon bridge. I feel that I cannot speak too highly of the bravery, soldierly con- duct, and discipline displayed by Brookes and Browns brigades on this occasion. Attacked by an entire division of the enemy (Heths), they repeatedly beat him back, holding their ground with unyielding courage until they were ordered to withdraw, when the y retired with such order and steadiness as to merit the highest praise. Col. James A. Beaver, One hundred and forty-eighth Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, and Lieut. Col. D. L. Stricker, Second Delaware Volunteers, are particularly mentioned by Colonel Brooke for marked services and conspicuous courage. The enemy regarded this as a considerable victory, and General Heth published a congratulatory order to -his troops, indorsed by General Hill and General Lee, praising them for their valor in driving us from our intrenched lines. Had not Barlows fine divis- ion (then in full strength) received imperative orders to withdraw, Heths division would have had no cause for congratulation. There were no more than two brigades of Barlows division engaged at any omie time. When General Barlow commenced withdrawing his troops, I had directed General Birney to move his division to the right and occupy the heights on the north bank of the Po, command- ing our bridges, in order to cover Barlow~s crossing. The artillery, under command of Col. J. C. Tidball, chief of artillery, Secoud Corps, was placed in position for the same purpose. As soon as Brookes and Browns brigades had crossed the Po, General Barlow directed Colonel Smyth, commanding Second Brigade, to march his command across the pontoon bridge and take position immediately on the north side, where his fire would sweep the bridges in case the Duemy designed forcing a passage. Miles brigade was thus left to Dross last and tear up the bridges at that point. I had seizit a detach- rnent to destroy the upper bridge, when the withdrawal was deter- nined upon. The enemy now seeing but a few regiments remaining zu the south bank, attempted to cross the open plain in their front, znt were at once driven back by General Miles troops and our artil- ery on the heights. A furious artillery fire was also opened by the xuemy~s batteries on the heights above the wooden bridge over the ~o. Our batteries replied with a well-directed fire, which speedily ;ilenced them, exploding one of their caissons, and forcing them to vithdraw their gnus. Miles brigade now crossed to the north bank, aking up the pontoon bridge and thoroughly destroying the other. I1he eremy made no attempt to cross the stream. Birney s division was then ordered to return to Warrens right, to ake part in the assault which was ordered at 5 p. in., in front of ATarrens position. Barlows division remained on Birneys right, I olding the ground it had occupied when it recrossed the river. earlier in the day, about 11 a. in., Webbs and Carrolls brigades, o Page 334 334 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. Gibbons division, had been engaged in an attack on the enemys position, nnder the command of General Warren, in which they had suffered severely. At 5.30 p. in., when I retnrlled to General War- rens front, I found the Fifth Corps and Gibbons division, of the Second Corps, engaged in an assault on the enemys line in front of Alsops honse. The enemy held the crest of a densely wooded hill, crowned by earth-works, his artillery and musketry sweeping his front. The approach to this position was rendered more difficult and hazardous by a heavy growth of low cedar trees, most of them dead, whose long, bayonet-like branches interlaced and pointiiig in all directions presented an almost impassable barrier to the advance of our lines. Here, as in the Wilderness, the woods prevented me from observing the conduct of the troops, although close to the point of attack; but it was soon evident that we had failed. The men struggled on bravely for a time and even entered the enemys breast- works at one or two points, but soon wavered and fell back in some confusion. I speak particularly of the troops engaged of my own corps, as I have not had a report of the operations of his troops from General Warren. Gibbons division reformed on the ground from which it had advanced to the attack. It lost heavily on this occasion. I was directed by the major-general commanding to assault the enemy again at the same point at 6.30 p. m. My preparations for this attack had just been completed when I received an order from General Meade, by aii officer of his staff, to defer my advance if the troops were not already in motion, and to move a strong force to the right of Barlows position to oppose a heavy column of the enemy, which was reported to have crossed the Po, and to be advancing on our right flank. I had scarcely given instructions for the executioii of this order when it was couiitermanded, and I was directed to pro- ceed with the attack on the enemys line in my front. The assault as formerly directed was then made by the Fifth Corps and portions of Gibbons and Birneys divisions of the Second Corps. The troops encountered the same obstacle which had forced them to retire when they had assaulted this point at S p. m. They were again repulsed with considerable loss. Wards brigade retired in disorder until rallied by my own staff and that of General Birney. The heavy firing did not cease until 7.30 p. m. The 11th of May passed without serious fighting for my command. Miles brigade, of Barlows di- visioii, made a reconnaissance on the Spotsylvania road as far as Todds Tavern, but did not encounter the enemy. Two regiments were also thrown across the Po, to feel for the enemy in that direc- tion. At 4 p. in. I received orders to move Birneys and Barlows divisions at dark to a point near Motts division, which was on the left of the Sixth Corps. I was further directed to form my troops for an assault on the enemys line at 4 a. in., on the 12th. Lientenaiit- Colonel Morgan and Major Mitchell, of my staff, accompanied Lieu- tenant-Colonel Coinstock, of General Grants staff, to reconnoiter the position, which I was instructed to storm, but owing to the uncer- tainty as to the exact point to be attacked, no very definite informa- tion was obtained. Birneys and Barlows divisions moved out after dark, under the guidance of Major Mendell, of the Eiigineers, over a narrow and difficult road during a heavy rain, which rendered the marching ex- tremely fatiguing for the men. The head of the column arrived at the Brown house, near which it was proposed to form the troops for the attack about midnight, going into position ~s ~ooim as they cam Page 335 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPID AN TO THE JAMES. 335 up. Gibbons division was also sent me, so that I had my whole corps available for the assault. The troops were formed just in rear of bar picket-line, about 11,200 yards from the enemys intrenchments. But little was known of his position, an attempt made by General Molt, on the 11th, to drive in his skirmish line for the purpose of observation having been only partially successful. The ground as- cended sharply between our lines and the enemys, and was thickly wooded, with the exception of a clearing about 400 yards in width extending up to the enemys works in front of the Landrum house, curving to the right as it approached his position; a small water course ran parallel to and in front of our line. The troops were formed for the assault with the assistance of the information obtained from Lieutenant-Colonel Merriam, Sixteenth Massachusetts Volun- teers, field officer of the day for Motts division, who was somewhat familiar with the ground. They took position quietly and promptly, although it was an unusually dark and stormy night. The direction in which our troops should advance was ascertained by a line determined by a compass on the map from the Brown house toward a large white house known to be inside the enemys works, near the point we wished to strike. The formation was as follows: Barlows division in two lines of masses was placed on the cleared ground which extended up to the enemys line; Brookes and Miles brigades in the front line, Browns and Smyths in the second line, each regiment forming double column on the center. Birneys division formed in two deployed lines on Barlows right. In front of him was a marsh and a dense wood of low pines. Motts division formed in rear of Birney. Gibbon was in reserve. These preparations were scarcely completed at daylight. A heavy fog de- cided me to delay the order for the assault to commence for a short time, until we should have sufficient light. I therefore waited until 4.35 a. in., when the order was given to advance. Birney had some difficulty in making his way through the marsh and wood in his front, but he pushed forward, overcoming all obstacles, keeping well up with Barlows division, which moved at quick time for several hundred yards, his heavy column marching over the enemys pick- ets without firing a shot, regardless of a sharp fire on its left flank from the enemys picket reserve, which was posted on the high ground on which the Landrum house stands. It continued up the slope about half way to the enemys line, when the men broke into a tremendous cheer, and spontaneously taking the double-quick, they rolled like an irresistible wave into the enemys works, tearing away what abatis there was in front of the intrenchments with their hands and carrying the line at all points in a few moments, although it was desperately defended. Barlows and Birneys divisions entered almost at the same moment, striking the enemys line at a sharp salient immediately in front of the Landrum house. A fierce and bloody fight ensued in the works with bayonets and clubbed mus- kets. It was short, however, and resulted in the capture of nearly 4,000 prisoners of Johnsons division, of Ewells corps, 20 pieces of -artillery, with horses, caissons, and material complete, several thou- sand stand of small-arms, and upward of 30 colors. Among the prisoners were Maj. Gen. Edward Johnson and Brig. Gen. George I-F. Steuart, of the Confederate service. The enemy fled in great ~onfusion and disorder. Their loss in killed and wounded was inusually great. The interior of the intrenchments presented a errible and ghastly spectable of dead, most of whom were kille Page 336 [CHAP. XLV~L 38(5 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. by our men with the bayonet when they penetrated the works. So thickly lay the dead at this point, that at many places the bodies were touching and piled upon each other. Our troops could not be restrained after the capture of the in- trenchments, but pursued the flying enemy through the forest in the direction of Spotsylvania Court-House until they encountered a second formidable line of earth-works, the existence of which was before unknown to us. The assault and pursuit had, of course, broken our formation very much, but immediate efforts were made by the officers to collect the men and reform their lines. My re- serves were ordered to move up at once and directed to occupy the captured line of works. The enemy, in the mean time, threw heavy re-enforcements into the second line opposite to the point of my attack. They now ad- vanced against our troops, who had been checked by their second line of intrenchments, and compelled them to retire to the line they had captured at daylight. Forming in the works on the right and left of the Salient our troops resisted all attempts of the enemy to dis- lodge them. About this hour, 6 a. in., the head of General Wrights corps (Sixth) arrived upon the field, his troops occupying the captured works on the right of the Salient. They had scarcely gotten into position when the enemy assailed our lines with great vehenience, pressing the attack toward that portion of the line held by the Sixth Corps, which they appeared to be determined to regain. The right of my corps, Motts division, now joined the Sixth Corps at the Salient. Birney held the captured intrenchments on the left of Mott, Gibbon occupied the line on Birneys left, Barlow holding my extreme left. The enemy persisted in their attack against tIme Salient held by Birney, Mott, and the Sixth Corps. They advanced a very heavy force against this point, making repeated and desper- ate attempts to recover it. About 8 a. m. they pressed so fiercely against the Sixth Corps that General Wright sent to me for re-en- forcemnents. Having no other troops to spare, I sent Brookes bri- gade of Barlows division to his support, although it had taken part in the first assault of the morning and had been among the first troops to enter the works, where it ~was hotly engaged for several hours. Brooke had withdrawn his brigade when our reserve came up to reform his line and replenish his ammunition. When General Brooke marched to re-enforce the Sixth Corps, he was thrown for- ward on the front line of battle, where he relieved a portion of the troops of Wheatons division. His brigade fought in this position, losing very heavily until it had again exhausted its ammunition, when it was returned to me. As soon in the morning as it could be brought up I had directed a portion of my artillery to be placed on the high ground in front of and to the right of the Landrum house, about 300 yards in rear of the line of works held by our troops, where it fired constantly over our line into the enemys position. One section of Gilliss battery (C and I), Fifth U. S. Artillery, was pushed up close to our line at the Salient, where it fired canister into the enemys line of battle, but lost so heavily in horses and men that it was withdrawn after a short time. This battery was gallantly served throughout the day. A section of Browns battery (B), First Rhode Island, took position close to our line on the left of the Salient, where it remained during the day doing excellent service Page 337 CRAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 337 The enemy steadily continued his efforts to recapture the works he had lost, constantly pushing fresh troops forward for that pur- pose, but without success. The battle raged furiously and inces- santly along the whole line from the right of the Sixth Corps to the left of Barlows division throughout the day and until late in the night of the 12th, when the enemy desisted from his attack to re- cover his works, and withdrew his forces from my immediate front. A cold, drenching rain descended during this battle, in which the troops were constantly under heavy and destructive musketry fire for almost twenty hours. Our losses in killed and wounded were quite heavy, but we had inflicted a signal defeat upon the enemy. Ewells corps of infantry was almost destroyed. The celebrated Stone- wall brigade was captured nearly entire. The losses of the enemy during the day in killed, wounded, and captured must have amounted to at least 10,000 men. On the morning of the 13th of May it was discovered that the enemy had retired to his second line of works about one-half mile in rear of the line we had carried on the pre- vious day, thus yielding to us the palm of victory. This informa- tion was at once communicated to the major-general commanding, who directed me to push forward a reconnaissance to ascertain, if practicable, the exact position and strength of the enemy. Owens brigade, of Gibbons division, commanded by Col. (now Bvt. Maj. Gen.) S. S. Carroll, Eighth Ohio Volunteers, was ordered on this service. Colonel Carroll advanced through the wood in our front, driving back the enemys skirmishers until lie discovered the position held by them to be a strongly intrenched line occupied by infantry and artillery. During this reconnaissance, while Carroll was pushing his men forward in his usual intrepid manner, he was severely wounded and compelled to quit the field. He had been previously wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, but had re- mained on duty. The 13th and 14th of May passed without serious fighting, although some sharp skirmishing and artillery firing oc- curred on my line. Owing to the losses in action and the expiration of the term of service of many regiments of Motts division (Fourth) it had beconie so reduced in numbers that I issued aim order on the 13th of May consolidating it into a brigade, and assigned it to Birneys division. On the 13th of May, in accordance with instructions received from the major-general commanding, Barlows and Gibbons di- visions marched toward the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania road~ Barlows division massed miear the road. Gibbon was directed t} occupy a point known as the deserted house, between Barlow and the Ny River. Birmiey took position to cover the right flank of Burusides corps. On the 17th, Tylers division of heavy artillery, Brig. Gen. R. 0. Tyler commanding, and the Corcoran Legion (iii- fantry) joined the Second Corps, making in all a re-enforcement of 8,000 men. The Corcoran Legiun was assigned to Gibbons division. I had received orders during the day to move my command to the works I had captured on the 12th, and to attack the enemy at day- light on the 18th in the intrenchments he then held in front of that position. The Sixth Corps was directed to form on my right and assail the enemys line at the same hour. The movement com- menced at dark on the 17th. Before daylight on the 18th the troops were in the position designated and the preparations for the attack completed. At 4 a. m. Gibbon and Barlow moved forward to the 22 R RYOL XXXVI, PT Page 338 338 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. assault, their troops in line of brigades. My artillery was posted in the first line of works, firing during the action over onr troops in front. Birney and Tyler were in reserve. The enemy held a strong line of intrenchments about one-half mile in front of and parallel to the works we had stormed on the 12th. His position was concealed by the forest and protected by heavy slashing and abatis. As our troops approached his liii~ e they encountered a severe fire of mnsketry and artillery, which completely swept his front, making great havoc in our ranks. They pressed forward, however, until they arrived at the edge of the abatis, which, with the heavy fire, arrested their progress. Many gallant attempts were made by our troops to penetrate the enemys line, but without success. Finding that I was losing quite heavily, and there was but little probability of my being able to carry the enemys position, I communicated the state of affairs to the major-general commanding, and was directed by him to ~1iscontinue the attack. Accordingly, at 10 a. in., I with- drew my troops and occupied the Hue of works in front of the Lan- drum House. In this action the troops ekhibited great valor and determina- tion, but the enemys position was too strong and had too many ad- vantages to be overcome. The Corcoran Legion, of Gibbons divis- ion, was particularly marked for its good conduct on this occasion, its losses being heavy. During the night of the 18th Barlows, Birneys, and Gibbons di- visions moved to the vicinity of Andersons Mill, on the Ny River. Tylers division remained at the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania Court-House road, near the Harris house. On the 19th of May I received orders to be ready to move at dark in the direction of Bow- ling Green, on the Richmond and Potomac Railroad. Preparations were being made for the march, when, at 5 p. in., heavy musketry firing was heard in the direction of General Tylers position. It was soon ascertained that Ewells corps had crossed the Ny River in front of Tyler and was attacking him forcibly. Birneys divis- ion was immediately directed to march to Tylers support. Barlow and Gibbon were also directed to move up to sustain him, if re- quired. When I arrived on the field I found Tylers division fiercely engaged with the enemy in front of the Fredericksburg road. General Bir- neys troops were hurried up, and as soon as they came upon the ground two brigades were thrown into action OIl Tylers right. A portion of the Fifth Corps had also been sent to re-enforce General Tyler. These troops advanced upon his left. The fighting cou- tinned obstinately until about 9 oclock, when the enemy gave way, retreating rapidly across the Ny River, their attack being repelled at all points. The loss of the enemy in this action in killed and wounded was severe. About 400 prisoners fell into our hands. This was the first engagement in which the troops of General Tylers division had participated. They conducted themselves handsomely, firmly sustaining the shock of the enemys attack, until the arrival of Birney and the troops of the Fifth Corps. Barlows and Gibbons troops, although ready to take part in the fight, were not required. This action terminated the operations of my command during the second epoch of the campaign Page 339 CHAP. XLVIII.] RAPIDAY TO THE JAMES, 339 The losses in the Second Corps in the several severe battles which the epoch embraces were as follows: Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. 55 command. ~ be a a a a a . be a ~ a a be ___________ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Corps headquarters 2 2 Artillery Brigade 14 3 30 1 2 4 46 50 First Division 30 376 88 1,715 11 369 129 2,460 2,589 Second Division 16 142 38 731 2 100 56 973 1,029 Third Division 26 230 76 1,275 5 175 107 1,680 1,787 Total* 72 762 207 3,751 19 646 298 5,159 5,457 From the commencement of the campaign the troops under my command marched and fonght almost constantly. They had not had a single days rest since the 2d of May. Their conduct was snch as to merit the highest praise. They encountered the dangers, privations, and fatigues incident to such ardnons and perilous serv- ices with unshaken fortitnde and intrepid valor. Major-General Birney, commanding Third Division, and Briga- dier-General (now Brevet Major-General) Barlow, commanding First Division, are entitled to high commendation for the valor, ability, and promptness displayed by them during the operations included in this epoch of the campaign. The magnificent charge made by their divisions, side by side, at Spotsylvania, on the 12th of May, stands unsurpassed for its daring, courage, and brilliant success. Brig. Gen. (now Maj. Gen.) John Gibbon, commanding Second Divis- ion, and Brigadier-General (now Brevet Major-General) Mott, who commanded the Fourth Division until it was consolidated with Bir- neys division, merit high praise for the manner in which they handled the troops commanded by them. Brigadier-General (now Brevet Major-General) Webb, commanding First Brigade, Second Division, was severely wounded while gallantly leading his troops at Spotsylvania, on the 12th of May. Col. (now Bvt. Maj. Gen.) John R. Brooke, Fifty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, then com- ruanding Fourth Brigade, First Division, performed marked and 2oIlspicuous services during the battle of the Po, May 10, and at 3potsylvania, May 12. Colonel (now Brevet Major-General) Miles, 3ixty-first New York Volunteers, performed marked and distin- uished services, especially at the Catharpin road on the 8th, at the zattle of the Po on the 10th, and at Spotsylvania on the 12th and 18th of May. Colonel Coons, Fourteenth Tudiana Volunteers, Lient. Jol. D. L. Stricker, Second Delaware Volunteers, and Lieutenant- Dolonel Merriam, Sixteenth Massachusetts Volunteers, three brave sud able officers, were killed while leading their men into action luring the storming of the enemys works at Spotsylvania on the riorning of the 12th of May. Many other gallant officers and sol- hers of my command exhibited rare and conspicuous valor and evotion during the battles described in this report, whose names re unmentioned here, owing to the almost total absence of detailed eports from my subordinate cbmmanders. Lieut. Col. (now Brig. ~-e1i.) C. H. Morgan, my chief of staff, deserves especial men * l3ut see revised statement, p. 140 Page 340 340 OPERATIONS IN SE. VA. AND N. C. [CHAP. XLVIII. tion for distinguished conduct. His services were particularly meritorious and Valuable at Spotsylvania for the assistance he gave me in selecting the ground for the formation of the troops before the assault. In the preliminary examination of the ground, and in the disposition of the troops for the assault, Maj. (now Lieut. Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen.) William G. Mitchell, aide-de-camp, assisted General Morgan. Surg. (now Bvt. Lieut. Col.) A. N. Dougherty, medical director, Second Corps, behaved with great gallantry. He was wounded at Spotsylvania on the 10th of May. Maj. H. H. Biugham, judge-advocate, Second Corps, conducted himself with his usual conspicuous gallantry. He received a severe wound while courageously performing his duty at Spotsylvania on the 12th of May. Lieut. Col. (late Bvt. Col.) F. A. Walker, assistant adjutant- general; Lieut. Col. R. N. Batchelder, chief quartermaster; Lieut. Col. (late Bvt. Brig. Gen.) Joseph S. Smith, chief commissary of subsistence; Capt. (now Bvt. Lieut. Col.) I. B. Parker, aide-de-camp; Capt. (late Bvt. Maj.) W. D. W. Miller, aide-de-camp; Capt. (now Bvt. Lieut. Col.) W. P. Wilson, acting assistant adjutant-general; late Capt. E. P. Brownson, commissary of musters; Maj. A. W. Angel, Eighth New Jersey Volunteers, acting topographical engi- neer; Capt.~ (now Bvt. Maj.) C. S. McEntee, assistant quartermas- ter, all of my staff, performed their arduous duties with courage and fidelity. The delay in transmitting this report has been occasioned by the almost total failure of my subordinate commanders to furnish me with reports of the operations of their troops during this epoch, and by the pressure of important official business, which has prevented me from giving it my attention until the present time. I respect- fully request that, although it has not been furnished within the time specified by the major-general commanding the Army of the Potomac, it may be forwarded in justice to the troops who served under my command. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WINFD S. HANCOCK, Major- General, U. S. Volunteers, commanding. ASST. ADJT. GEN., ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. HEADQUARTERS MIDDLE MILITARY DEPARTMENT, Baltimore, Mid., September 21, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oper- ations of the Second Corps from May 21 to 27, inclusive, constituting what is designated as the third epoch of the campaign of 1864, in the division adopted by the major-general commanding. My report has been unavoidably delayed by the absence of subordinate reports. On the afternoon of the 19th, the corps being near Andersons Mill, on the Ny River, I received orders to move my command at 2 a. m. of the 20th to Bowling Green and Milford, and take position on the right bank of the Mattapony. Brigadier-General T orbert, with a detachment of cavalry, was ordered to report to me. The movement of Ewell on, our right flank on the evening of the 19th, as described in my report of operations of the second epoch, prevented the march toward Milford until the night of the 20th; meanwhile Colonel Morgan, my chief of staff, had reconnoitered the route a Page 341 CHAP. XLVIII.] EAPIDAN TO THE JAMES. 341 far as Guineys Station, and at my reqnest the hour of starting was changed to dark, that we might pass the enemys signal stations as. far as practicable before daylight. We were delayed somewhat by the failure of the cavalry to get off at the designated hour, bnt this proved to be of no material importance. The cavalry was after- ward pnshed forward energetically by General Torbert. A little opposition was experienced at Guineys Station, where we arrived abont daylight. The enemy was not encountered again until the cavalry reached Milford Station, when he was found in some force, being a part of Kempers brigade on its way to Spotsylvauia to join Lee. Before our infantry could get up, Torbert had driven this force out of their rifle-pits and across the river, capturing 66 prisoners and securing the bridge. The infaiitry crossed as soon as it came up, and a strong position was taken at once, and so strength- ened during the night that we were willing to undertake its defense against auy force of the enemy. The enemy were undoubtedly sur- prised when we came up, as the position on the right bank at Mil- ford is exceedingly strong against an attempt to cross the Mattapony in force. We remained in this position until the morning of the 23d, when the corps moved to the North Anna, developing along the heights about 1 mile back of the river, the left (Gibbon s division) crossing the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad. Birneys division (the right) took position on the. right of the Telegraph road, which leads to the wooden bridge across the North Anna. Barlows division was in the center. The enemy were seen in large force marching in column on the opposite bank, evidently en route from Spotsylvanta. Torberts cav- alry having driveu them as far as practicable, I relieved his skir- mishers with infantry. The enemy were found to be in force in rifle-pits on the north bank of the North Anna on the tongue of land between the river and Long Creek. General Birney, havin