TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 27 (Part I) AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1889 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B Title Page Page R001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL IIRECOIIRDS OF TILE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PREPARED, UNDER TIlE DIRECTION OF TILE SECRETARY OF WAR, BY The late Lieut. Col. ROBERT N. SCOTT, Third U. S. Artillery, PURSUANT TO ACTS OF CONGRESS. SERIES IVOLUME XXVIIIN THREE PARTS. PART IREPORTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE~, 188 Page R002 k~$J), --N (~COP~ ELLA Page R003 PREFACE. By an act approved June 23, 1874, Congress made an appropriation to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confed- erate ~ and directed him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, telegrams, and general orders not heretofore copied or printed, and properly arranged in chronological order. Appropriations for continuing such preparation have been made from time to time, and the act approved June 16, 1880, has provided for the priPting and binding, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a compilation of the Official Records (Union and Con- federate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year; and that of said number, 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives, 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive Departments. * This compilation will be the first general publication of the military records of the war, and will embrace all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. Volumes I to V distributed under act approved June 16, 1880. The act approved August 7, 1882, provides that The volumes of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion shall be distributed as follows: One thousand copies to the Executive Departments, as now provided by. law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the Army and contributors, to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organizations, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty- seveuth Congress. Each Senator shall designate not exceeding twenty-six, and each I~epresentative an(l Delegate not exceeding twenty-one of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time as they are published, until the pub. lication is cotnplete~l. Senators, Representatives, and Delegates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they bave forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of publication with temi per cent. added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to Ihe same address the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives, or Delegates, who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, Orgai~izations, or individuals. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore published have not been furhished to such libraries, organizations, and individuals, lie shall also inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent.7 II Page R004 iv PREFACE. The pnblication will present the records in tb~ following order of arrangement: The 1st Series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Con- federate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all military operations in the field, with the correspond- ence, orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed is to be accompanied by an Atlas. In this series the reports will be arranged according to the campaigns and several theaters of operations (iu the chronological order of the events), arid the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be imme diately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, & c., not embraced iu the ~~reports~~ proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order. The 2d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military authorities were concerned) to State or political I)risoners. The 3d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate officials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General-in-Chief, and of the chiefs of the several staif corps and departments- the calls for troops, and the correspondence between the national and the several State authorities. The 4th Series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and Confederate authorities given in that series. ROBERT N. SCOTT, Major Third Art., and Bvt. Lient. UoZ. WAR DEPARTMENT, Augrtst 23, 1880. Approved: ALEX. RAMSEY, Secretary of War Table of Contents Page R005 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXXIX. Operation8 in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsyl- vania, and Department of the East. June 3August 3, 1863 11059 (v Page R006 Additions and Corrections Page A001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL iRECORDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO SERIES I VOLUME XXVII. (To be inserted in the voinme. For explanation see General Index voinme, Serial No. 130, page XXVIII.) PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY CHIEF BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AINSWORTII, OF THE RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, AND MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY. Mr. JOHN S. MOODEY, Indexer. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902 Page A002 2 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. TEXT. PART ~. Page 7T. First line, for Pike read Pz7e. Page 193. Last foot-note, insert 53 to fill blank space at end. Page 470. Strike out [Licul. William P. Seville, A. A. A. G., 2d Brzg., 3d Div., 2d Army Corps]. Page 488. Second line, bottom, insert [July z] after June 30. Page 65o. Neills report, last line, insert t after Meade and add foot-note, t See Series I, Vol. 51, Part I, ~. 196. Page 945. First foot-note, add the Thllowing: The confederate foree occupying the wesl end of gap was eommanded by Gol. Arthur Herbert, z7th Vir- ginia. See Part 2, p. 362. Pages 1073--I i64. Strike out foot-note No eireumstantial reports on file, wherever it occurs. PART 2. Page 3. Seventh line, bottom, erase Skirmish at Seneea Mills, Md., and insert, under date of June Is, 1863, to follow Skirmish near Suffolk, Va. Pages 4, 871. For July 9, 5863. Explosion at Fort Lyon, Va., read June 9, 1863. Explosion at Fort Lyon, Va. Page 282. Nineteenth line, bottom, for Twentieth read Second. Page 284. Armisteads Brigade, second line, for Cot. W. R. Aylett read Lient. Got. William White. Page 329. Foot-note, second and third lines, strike out and in grand total for Gettysburg. Page 330. Hoods Division, after total of Bennings Brigade insert Hen~ys Artil- lery Battalion, 21 wounded; total, 21. Change Total Hoods Division to read 335 killed, 1,413 wounded; total, 1,748. Strike out * after Total Longstreets Corps, also foot-note -1fasualties in Henrys Artillery Battalion not reported in the original; also change Total Longstreets Corps to 86i killed, 4,072 wounded; total, 4,933. Page 331. Supply the following figures, omitted, as casualties in Hokes Brigade: 6th North Carolina, 20 killed, 129 wounded; total, 149. 21st North Carolina, 7 killed, 55 wounded; total, 62. 57th North Carolina, ~ killed, 21 wounded; total, 26. Total for Brigade, 32 killed, 205 wounded; total, 237. Also change Total Earlys Division to read 136 killed, 735 wounded; total, 871. Page 332. Change Total Ewells Corps to read 708 killed, 3,506 wounded; total, 4,214. Page 334. For 5,383 wounded, Total Penders Division, read 5,283. Change Total Hills Corps to read 827 killed, 4,304 wounded; total, 5,131. Change Grand total Army of Northern Virginia to read 2,396 killed, 11,882 wounded; total, 14,278. Strike out Grand total Army of Northern Virginia (Dr. Guilds report), 2,396 killed, is ,88~ wounded; total, 14,278. Page 337. Change in Recapitulation of Casualties the figures opposite Gettys- burg to read 2,396 killed, 11,882 wounded; total, 14,278. Also change Total to read 2,683 killed, 13,369 wounded; total, 16,052. Strike out Total by Dr. Guilds report, 2,683 killed, 53,369 wounded; total, s6,o52. Page 786. Change date of skirmish at Seneca Mills, Md., to June is, 1863. Jewetts report, first line, for zoth read zith Page A003 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. .3 Page 8ro. Erase foot-note and insert See Plale 30, Map 5, of Ike Alias. Page 954. Special Orders, No. 95, third line, for [W. W.] Baldwins read [W. M.] Baldwins. Page 996. Erase foot-note and insert See Pan 3, ~p. ~iio, ~IZI. Page 1007. For Baldwins (W. W.) read Baldwins (W. M.). Pages 1021IllS. Strike out foot-note No circumstantial reports on file, wherever it occurs. PART 3. Page 454. Jourdans Brigade, for Col. William H. MeNary read Lient. Col. William H. MeNary. Page 457. Baird to Howard, add note, (Same to General Doubleday). Page 498. Pierce to McMahon, first line, for twenty-seven read twenty-one. Page 523. Haupt to Halleck, date line, for ii a. m. read is p. in. and insert gth after zs.s~ a. m. Page 672. Sykes to Humphreys, for Headquarters Third Corps read Headquarters Fifth Corps. Page 714. Humphreys to French, following signature, for Brigadier-General read Ma]or-General. Page 715. Communication to Commanding Officer Third Corps, signature, for Daul. Butterfield read A. A. Humphreys. Page 909. Abstract from field return, etc., fourth column, for Effective total read Aggregate present and erase t and last foot-note; fifth column, for Aggregate present read Aggregate present and absent; strike out figures and words in sixth column. Page 1003. Signature, for Aveneth [?] read Brown. Page 1146. Erase Engineer Brigade, U. S. A. Operations of Communications from, and transfer and insert under Gettysburg Campaign, pages 1152 1155, the several entries thereunder. Page 1147. Erase Engineer Troops, C. S. A. Organization of Communication from War Department, C. 5., 1038, and insert under Northern Virginia, Army qf page 1195. INDEX. Insert all words and figures in italics and strike out all in [brackets]. An asterisk (*) following a correction indicates that Additions and corrections to the text should be consulted. References are to parts of volume. Part. 2 Adams, B. C. [J. M.] Adjt. and Insp. Gens Office, C. S. A. Orders, General, series s86i [1863] Alabama, C. S. Steamer Ashby, P. D. [colonel] Atkinson, Thomas P. [D.] [Aveneth, Sergeant. correspondence with S. S. I,ee, 10031* Aylett, W. R. Mentioned, [284]* Report of Gettysburg Campaign, 999 Bachman, W. K [R.] Beaver, James A., 259 [Beers, colonel, 259].. Bissell, C. T. [E.] Blackburn, William A. [Captain] Blinn, John J. P Bottoms Bridge, Va. Expedition to [from], July ii, 1863 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 Part. Boyd, William 11. [(Captain)]. Correspondence with Carey, Samuel [Captain] 3 Mentioned, 8i~ [Boyd, William H. (Col onel), 813] 3 Briscoe,James [Joseph] C Brockway [Brockaway], C. B Brooks Brothers [Messrs.] 2 Brownell, Samuel C. [5. 0.] 2 Bruudidge,J. W. [Brundridge, ] 2 Buchauau [Buchhanan], Felix G 2 Buchanan [Buebbanan], John R 2 Buchanan [Buchhanan], R. C [Buckham, R. F., 291] 2 Budlong, Walter F. [lieutenant] 2 Cabell, Henry ~oalter [Coulter] 3 Caidwell, A. Harper [Telegraph Operator] . Caleb Cushing, U. S. Rev. Cutter [Steamerl. Page A004 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Part. Caleb Cushing, U. S. Rev. Cutter [U. S 5.] 3 Camac [Camar], William T 3 Campbell, Jacob M. Mentioned, 8s6 [Campbell, John M., 8i6].. 3 Cape Fear, District of the (C.). Organization, strength, etc., of troops. June go, z86g, 916, 917 3 Jnly 32, s86g, 5067, io68 3 Carey, Samuel [Captain] 3 Carney, Phil. [ I 3 Cassels [Cassells], John 3 Chamberlin [Chamberlain], Thomas Chandler, Gilbert R. [K.] Chauncey [Chauncy], Charles Cheney [Cheeney], Perley C. 3 - Clark [Clarke], 3. ]~ 2 Clarke, Will. [William] W 3 Clay, John K. [J~ieutenant] Cobb, Norvell [Norval] 3 Cocroft,J. [ ] 2 Cogswell, Milton [Coggswell, William] 3 Cogswell, William S .... Cornish, J. N [M.] 2 Cotton [Colten], Scout 3 Cowan,H.W[ ] 3 Cox[Coy],JohnF Culver, Isaac [3.] F 2 Cunningham, William H Cushing, Caleb, U. S. Rev. Cutter [Steamer] 2 Cushing, Caleb, U. S. Rev. Cutter [U. 5 5.] 3 De Castro [De Costro], Joseph H 2 Doubleday, Abner. Correspondence with Reynolds, John F., 157* 3 Eckert, Thomas T. Correspondence with Cowan,H.W[ ] 3 Graham, Richard [ ] 3 Edgell, Frederick M. Mentioned, 719 [Egdell, Frederick M., 749]. Emerson, William [W.] 3 [Engineer Brigade, U. S. A.] See Text, Additions and Corrections, p.1146 3 [Engineer Troops, C. S. A.] See Text, Additions and Corrections, p.1147 3 Fairfax Court-House, Va. Skirmishes [Skirmish] near. June 1, 1863. See Lawyers Road, Va 2 Skirmish near, June 27 [26], 1863 3 Farquhar, Francis U. [M.] 3 Farron [Farrow], John, Steamer 3 Fobes [Tobes], E. A Fontaine, William M 2 Fort I~yon, Va. Explosion at, June [July] * 2 Franklin, Freeman E. Reports [Report] of expedition from Fay- etteville, W. Va., to Wytheville, Va., July 1325, 1863, 1000 2 Gaskeil [Gaskill], P. Penn Gaskell [Gaskill], William Penn 2 Part. Gettysburg Campaign. June 3-Aug. i, 1863. Communications from Beers, F. 0., 350, gx6 3 Benham, H. W, 59, 6s, 195, 272, 278280, 282, s8~, 353,351,527,561, ~6g, 603, 605, 6o6, 6s8, 836 3 Hooker, J., s8s, gso 3 Meade, G. G., 1~3, ~66, 607, 6~s 3 Mendeil, G. H, 782, 783, 819, 8w, 824 3 Spaulding, Ira, 616, 686, 690692, 755 3 Turubuil, C. N., ss8, 246, s~6, s8s, s8g, 287, 311 3 Warren, G. K., 6s8, 689, 701 3 Reports of Aylett, 1$. B., 999 2 Hailer, G. 0., 995 2 Jones, John 7. [3.] 2 Gilger, Darius [Darwin] S I Golladay, Jacob [James] B 3 Gordon, James B., 5062; Gordon, John B., Mentioned, [1o62] 3 Gouraud, George F. [C.] 3 Graham, Richard [ . (Telegraph Oper- ator)] 3 Gurley, W H. F. [Garley, W. F. H.] 2 Hagans [Hagan], Harrison H 2,3 Haller, Granville 0. Report of Gettysburg Campaign, 995 2 Herbert, Arthur, 915 k..... Hodsdon [Hodsden], John I~ 3 Hovey, Charles H [John G.] I Hoxsey [Hoxie], B. Weller Hunter, David [D.] 3 Jacklin, Rufus W. [William] Jackson, George. Mentioned, 870 3 Jackson, William I~. Correspondence with Kessler, Joseph B. [Kesler, 3. K.] 3 Jones, John A. (44th Ala.), 394 2 Jones, John A. (soth Ga.), [3~4] 2 Jones, John 7. [3.] 2 Jones, Samuel. Correspondence with Preston, Robert 7. [1,.] 3 Kern [Reins], William H. H Kessler, Joseph B. [Kesler, J. K.] 3 Kitchen, Marcus L. W I Kursheedt, Edwin I. [E. J.] 2 I~ambdin,J. Harrison J~amborn, Robert H. [Captain] 2 Lansing, Henry 5., 894; T,ansing, Henry L., [894] 2 I~atrobe, Osmun [Osman] 2 I~ee, S. S. Correspondence with [Aveneth, Sergeant, 1003]* 3 T~eigh, Thomas 3., 495 [I,eigh, S. J., 495] Ijacola, Abraham. Correspondence with Cornish, 3. N. [M.] 2 Gurley, W H. F. [Garley, W. F. H.] 2 Litchfield, Allyne [Allyn] C 2 Loyd [IAoydJ, William H Page A005 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Part. I,udlow, William H. [B. C.] 2 ]I,udlow, William H., ~77; t,udlow, Ben jansin C., [7~] 3 Lyon, Fort, Va. Explosion, June 9,1863. See Fort Lyon, Va 2 I~yons, Jerome R. [B.] 3 McClelland [McI,elland], Samuel McComb,WA.B. [ ] 2 McCullough [McCulloch], Zarab C McFarlan [MeFarlin], 5ames E 2 McGuinn [McGuine], I,uke I McKim, William W. [M.] 3 McLellan [McClellan], C. B I McRae, I C. [Captain] 3 Mc Vicker [McVickar], George W 2 Madeira [Maderia], J. D Maliler, Francis, 190 [Muhler, Francis, 190] I Meinell, Henry [H. C.] Meredith, Sullivan A. [Solomon] 3 Miller,Josiah T. [General] 2 Mississippi 1~roops. InfantryRegiments: 2d, 282* 2 [20th, 282]* 2 Moore, James E., 717 [Moore, James E., 717] I Mounger, John C. L 2 Newton, John. Assignment to command, 465 [503] 3 New York Troops. Militia. Artillery, I,ight[Regiments: 1st (Bat- teries), B, 1087] 3 InfantryRegiments: s9th, See 168th Volunteers [908] 2 Volunteers. Artillery, I~ightRegiments: 1st (Batteries), B, 1087 3 InfantryRegiments: i68th (19th Militia), 908 2 North Carolina. Military departments embracing, s North Carolina. Military departments embracing, 919 3 [U. S. forces in. Orders, Special, series 1863: No.12 (Peck), 8~6] 3 North Carolina, District of( U.). Orders, Special, series 1863: No. is, 8~6 3 Northern Virginia, Army of. Engineer Troops. Communication from War Department, C. 5., 1038 3 Ohio. Military departments embracing, 54,55 3 Overmeyer [Oirermyer], John B Passegger, Francis.[Frank] 2 Penn, Davidson [David] B Pennsylvania. Military departments embracing, r Pennsylvania. Military departments embracing, ~ 2 Military departments embracing, 54,55 3 Pennsylvania Troops. Volunteers. Artillery, I4ghtBatteries: [ist (Batteries), A, 838, 842] 2 ArtilleryRegiments: 1st (Batteries), A, 838, 842 2 Part. Pitkin, Perley [Pereyl] P 3 Point of Rocks, Md. [Va.] 3 Porter, Andrew [A.] P. Mentioned, 339 [Porter, Asa P., 339] 3 Preston, Robert T. [L.] 3 Read[Reed],C.W 2 Reynolds, John F. Correspondence with Doubleday, Abner, 457* 3 Robinson [Robison], Robert A Ryder [Rider], Henry W 1,3 Sacket [Sackett], Delos B 3. Schenck, Robert C. Correspondence with Galligher [Gallagher], James A 3 Schoonmaker, James M. [N.] 2 Sells, Benjamin F. [T.] 3 Semmes, Paul J., 920 [Simmes, Paul J., 920]. 3 Seneca Mills, Md. Skirmish at, June ii [io], 1863 2 Smead, Abner, 452 [Smead, A., 452] 2 Smith, James M., 921 [Smith, 3. M., 921] 3 Smith, William Proctor, 1039k Smith, William Prescott, Mentioned, [1039] 3 Spence, Beldin, 237, 878 [Spence, E., 237,878]. Sterling, William R. [Stirling, Major] Stuart, W. Douglass [Di. Mentioned, [9191 Stuart, William D., 919 3 Sulivane, E. Clement 3 Tacony [Taconey], Bark 2 Tacony, Bark [Taconey, Steamer] 3 Thomas, Charles W [Thomas C.] 2 Thompson, James [John] B I Thorn, W. 7. [Sergeant] 3 Thorp, J. Harry, 563 [Thorp, J. H., 563] 3 Thruston, Dickinson [Dickerson] P 2 Tiger, Locomotive [Steamer] 3 Tully, Redmond [Redmund] 3 Virginia, Department of (U.). Merged into Department of Virginia and North Carolina, 919 2 Virginia and North Carolina, Department of. Constituted, 2 I Constituted, 919 2 Fbster, John G., assigned to command, 919 2 Virginia Troops (C.). InfantryBattalions: 25th (Elliott) [City] 3 Walters, Benjamin F., 33!, 334, 337, 344 [Walters, B., 331, 334, 337, 344] I Warren, Fitz Henry. - Assignment to command, 730 3 [Washington, Defenses of. Communications from John G. Barnard, 405, 596] 3 Washington City, D. C. Defense of. Commanications from Barnard, John G., 405,596 3 West Virginia. Military departments embracing, S Military departments embracing, 4 2 West Virginia. Military departments embracing, 299, 300 3 Whitaker, E. W., 995; Whittaker, Daniel, [~] I Page A006 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTiONS. Part. Wickersham, Charles I. [J.] Wighl [Wright] Edwin B W~ght [Wright], William W Willcor [Wilcox], William H Williams, ]1,ewis B., Jr 2,3 Williston, Edward B 3 Wing, Malcom [Malcomh] H Woods [Wood], George H Wool, John E. Correspondence with Ashhy, P. D. [Colonel] 2 Miller, Josiah 7. [General] 2 Part. Wyatt [Watt], J. W 3 Wytheville, Va. Expedition from Fayetteville, etc. Reports of Franklin, Freenian E., 1000 2 Yager, A. [Scout] 3 Special Index Page R007 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME I. CHAPTER I. Page. Operations in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. December 20, 1860April 14, 1861..... 1317 CHAPTER IL The secession of Georgia. January 326, 1861 318325 CHAPTER IlL The secession ofAlabamaand Mississippi. January 420, 1861 326330 CHAPTER IV. Operations in Florida. January 6-August 31, 1861 331473 CHAPTER V Page. The secession of North Carolina. Janu nary 9May 20, 1861 474-488 CHAPTER VI. The secession of Louisiana. January 10 February 19, 1861 ... . ... 489501 CHAPTER VII. Operations in Texas and I~ew Mexico. February 1June 11, 1861 502636 CHAPTER VIII. Operations in Arkansas, the Indian Terri- tory, and Missouri. February 7May 9, 1861 637691 VOLUME II. CHAPTER IX. Page. Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. April 16-July 31,1861.. 1-1012 VOLUME III. CHAPTER X. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10.-November 19, 1861.. 1749 VOLUME IV. CHAPTER XL Page. Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. June11, 1861February 1,1862. 1174 CHAPTER XII. Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1November 19, 1861 - 175565 CHAPTER XIII. Page. Operations in North Carolina and South- eastern Virginia. August 1, 1861Janu ary 11, 1862 566721 VOLUME V. CHAPTER XIV. Page. Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. August 1,1861March 17.1862. 11106 VOLUME VI. CHAPTER XV. Operations on the coasts of SouthCarolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. August 21, 1861April 11, 1862 Page. CHAPTER XVI. Page. Operations in West Florida, Southern Al abama, Southern Mississippi, and Lou- 1435 isiana. September 1, 1861May 12, 1862. 436894 VOLUME VII. CHAPTER XVII. Page. Operations in 1~entucky, Tennessee, N. Alabana and. S. W. Virginia. Nov. 19,1861Mar. 4,1862. 1946 (VII Page R008 VIII CONTENTh OF PRECEDING YOLTJME~. VOLUME VIII. CHAPTER XVIIL Page~ Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. Nov. 19, 1861April 10, 1862. 1834 VOLUME IX. CHAPTER XIX Page. CHAPTER XXI. Page. Oporarionsin Southeastern Virginia. Jan- Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and usry 11March 17, 1862 171 Arizona. February 1September 20, 1862 481730 CHAPTER XX. Operations in North Carolina. January 11August20, 1862 72480 VOLUME XIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXII. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Mississippi, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. March 4-June 10, 1862. Page. Part iReports 1927 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-642 VOLUME XIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIII. The Penimiular Campaign, Virginia. March 17September 2, 1862. Page. Part IReports, March 17June ~4 11077 Part IlReports, June 25September 2 1994 Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1-691 VOLUME XIIIN THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXIV. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. March 17-September 2,1882. Page. Part IReports, March 17-Juno 25 1-818 Part IlReports, June 26-September 2 1-820 Part IllCorrespondence, etc 1-968 VOLUME XIII. CHAPTER XXV. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the Northwest, April 10November 20, 1862 1981 VOLUME XIV. CHAPTER XXVI. Page. Operations on the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. April 12, 1862June 11, 1863 11025 VOLUME XV. CHAPTER XXVII, Operations in West Florida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi (embracing all operations against Vicksburg, May 18-July 27, 1862), and Louisiana, May 12, 1862May 14, 1863; and oper- utiona ~n T~as, Now Mc~ico1 and Arizona, September20~ 1862..~ay 14, 1863 1U3 Page R009 CONTENTS O~ PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XVIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXVIII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. June 10October 31, 1862. Page. Part IReports 11168 Part IlCorrespondence, etc - 11017 VOLUME XVIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXIX. Operations in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. June 10, 1862January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1-807 1~art lICorrespondence, etc -. - - - . 1-916 VOLUME XVIII. CHAPTER XXX. Page. Operations in North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia. August 20, 1862-June 3, 1863 11104 VOLT3ME XIXIX TWO PARTS.. CHAPTER XXXI. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. September 3-Novem. her 14, 1862. Page. Part 1Reports, September 320 11108 Part IlReports, September 20-November 14; Correspondence, etc., September 3.-Novem- ber 14 1739 VOLUME XXfN~ TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXII. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. No. vember 1, Th62-January 20, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1~7 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-616 VOLUME XXI. CHAPTER XXXIIL Page. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. November 15, 1862January 25, 1863 . 11152 VOLUME XXIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXIV. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Department of the north. west. November 20, 1862December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1-110 Page R010 X CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME XXIIIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXV. Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. Jan uary 21August 10, 1863. Page. Part IReports 1.858 Part IlCorrespondence, etc 1986 VOLUME XXIVDW THREE PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVI. Operations in Mississippi and West Tennessee, including those in Arkansas and Louisiana connected with the Siege of Vicksburg. January 20August 10, 1863. Page. Part IReports, January 20-May 15, including the G4Rleral Reports for whole period, January 20-August 10 1-787 Part IlReports, May 16August 10 1-690 Part 111Correspondence, etc 11070 VOLUME XXVIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVII. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and.Pennsylvania. January 26-June 3, 1863. Page. Part IReports 11119 Part lICorrespondence, etc 1862 VOLUME XXVIIN TWO PARTS. CHAPTER XXXVIII. Operations in West Florida, Southern Alabama. Southern Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico. May 14December 31, 1863. Page. Part IReports, Union Correspondence, etc 1920 Part IlConfederate Correspondence, etc. 1581 1~ Page R011 hj CD 1 ~: ~: Sunday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ Monday. ~ ~ ~: ~ ~~: ~ ~: Tuesday. ~ ~ ~%~: ~ ~ ~ ~: Wednesday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Thursday. ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ ~ Friday. ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ Saturday. 0 ~I) C.4 0 0 0 4 ~ Q~~: ~ ~ ~ ~ Sunday. ~: ~ ~ ~ t~~: ~ Monday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Tuesday. ~ ~$~: ~ ~ Wednesday. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Thursday. ~: ~ ~ ~ ~ Friday. Saturday Page R012 Page 1 CHAPTER XXXIX. OPERATIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA, VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGiNIA, MARYLAND, PENINSYLYANIA, AND DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST. June 3August 3, 1863. PART I. The Gettysburg Campalgn.* SUMMAThY OF~ TIlE PRINCIPAL EVENTS.~ June 3-Aug. 1, 1863.The Gettysburg Campaign. 4, 1863.Skirmish on the Lawyers road, near Fairfax Court-House, Va. Skirmish at Frying Pan, Va. 4 5, 1863.Expeditiox~ from Yorktown to Waikerton and Ayletts, Va. 5 7, 1863.Reconnaissance through Gates County, N. C., and down the Chowan River. 6, 1863.Skirmish near Berryville, Va. 7 8, 1863.Expedition from Gainesville, Va. 8, 1863.Scout from Suffolk, Va., to South Mills, N. C. 9, 1863.The Departments of the Monongahela and the Susquehanna con- stituted. 10, 1863.Capture of the steamer Maple Leaf off Cape Henry, Va. 10, 863.Skirmish at Seneca Mills, Md. Maj. Gen. W. T. H. Brooks, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of the Monongahela. Maj. Gen. Darius N. Couch, U. S. Army, assumes command of the t~epartment of the Susquehanna. * Part I embraces the reports from the Army of the Potomac and Department of Washington relating to the Gettysburg Campaign. Part II embraces the reports - relating to that campaign from the Middle Department, Departments of the Sus- quehanna and West Virginia, and Army of Northern Virginia, together with all reports relating to the other events noted in the Summary. t Of some of the minor conflicts noted, no circumstantial reports are on file. 1 I~ RVOL XXVII, PT I (1 Page 2 2 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CaM. XXXIZ June 11, 1863.Skirmish at Diascund Bridge, Va. Skirmish near Suffolk, Va. 1113, 1863.Expedition from Brightwood, D. C., via Seneca Mills and Pooles- yule, Md., to Leesburg, Aldie, and Chantilly, Va. 1218, 1863.Expedition from Suffolk to the Biackwater, Va. 14, 1863.Skirmish at Nine-Mile Ordinary, Va. 1718, 1863.Scout from Rocky Run to Dover and Core Creek, N. C. 18, 1863.Scout on the Peninsula, Va. 1819, 1863.Scout from Camp Piatt, on the Big and Little Coal Rivers, W. Va. 20, 1863.Skirmish at Diascund Bridge, Va. 2328, 1863.Expedition from Yorktown to the South Anna Bridge, Va., and skirmish. 24, 1863.The Department of West Virginia constituted, 26, 1863.Skirmish on Loup Creek, W. Va. 2627, 1863.Descent on Portland Harbor, Me. 28, 1863.Brig. Gen. Benjamin F. Kelley, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of West Virginia. Reconnaissance from Plymouth to Nichols Mills, N. C. 29July 4, 1863.Confederate expedition to Beverly, W. Va. July 1, 1863.Maj. Gen. Daniel H. Hill, C. S. Army, assigned temporarily to command of troops in the Department of Richmond. 1 7, 1863.Expeditions from White House to South Anna River and Bot- toms Bridge, Va. 3, 1863.Suffolk, Va., evacuated by the Union forces.* 3- 7, 1863.Raid on the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, N. C. 4, 1863.Skirmish at Fayetteville, W. Va. 5 7, 1863.Expedition from Plymouth to Gardners Bridge and Williams- ton, N. C. 8, 1863.Maj. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys, U. S. Army, announced as Chief of Staff, Army of the Potomac. 9, 1863.Explosion at Fort Lyon, Va. , 1863.Expedition from Richmond to Mathias Point, Va. 13-16, 1863.Reconnaissance from Newport Barracks to Cedar Point and White Oak River, N. C. Draft riots in New York City, Troy, and Boston. 1325, 1863.Expedition from Fayetteville, W. Va., to Wytheville, Va. 14, 1863.Maj. Gen. William H. C. Whiting, C. S. Army, assigned to com- mand of the Department of North Carolina. 15, 1863.The Departments of North Carolina and of Virginia consolidated. 1720, 1863.Expedition from New Berne to Swift Creek Village, N. C., and skirmish. 18, 1863.Maj. Gen. John G. Foster, TJ. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina. Maj. Gen. John A. Dix, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of the East. 48-24, 1863.Expedition from New Berne to Tarborough and Rocky Mount, N. C. 20, 1863.Brig. Gen. George W. Getty, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Seventh Army Corps, Department of Virginia and North Carolina. 21, 1863.Brig. Gen. John D. Imboden~ C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Valley District, Va. 25, 1863.Expedition to Gloucester Court-House, Va. *For orders, etc., in relation to, see Series I, Vol. XVIII, pp. 711, 712, 717, 718 Page 3 CHAP. XXXIX~ THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 3 July 2527, 1863.Scout to Goose Creek, Va. 2531, 1863.Expedition from New Berne to Winton, and skirmish at Potecasi Creek, N. C. 25Aug. 3, 1863.Expedition from Portsmouth, Va.,to Jackson, N. C. 2629, 1863.Expedition from Plymouth to Fosters Mills, N. C. 28, 1863.Skirmish at Fayetteville, W. Va. 28Aug. 3, 1863.Mosbys operations about Fairfax Court-House, and skirmish near Aldie, Va. 29, 1863.Brig. Gen. Innis N. Palmer, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Eighteenth Army Corps, Department of Virginia and North Carolina. 31, 1863.Skirmish at Morris Mills, W. Va. Aug. 1, 1863.The Fourth and Seventh Army Corps discontinued. 1 8, 1863.Expedition from Warrenton Junction toward the Blue Ridge Mountains, Va. 2, 1863.Skirmish at Newtown, Va. JUNE 3AUGUST 1, 1863.The Gettysburg Campaign. SUMMARY OIP TIlE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. June 3, 1863.Skirmish near Fayetteville, Va. 5-13, 1863.Skirmishes at Franklins Crossing (or Deep Run), on the Rappa- hannock, Va. 9, 1863.Engagements at Brandy Station (or Fleetwood) and Beverly Ford, Va. Skirmish at Ste9ensburg, Va. 12, 1863.Skirmishes at Newtown, Cedarville, and Middletown, Va. 13, 1863.Skirmish at White Post, Va. Skirmish at Berryville, Va. Skirmish at Opequon Creek, near Winchester, Va. Skirmish at Bunker Hill, W. Va. 1315, 1863.Engagement at Winchester, Va. 14, 1863.Skirmish at Berryville, Va. Skirmish at Martinsburg, W. Va. 15, 1863.Skirmish near Williamsport, Md. 17, 1863.Skirmishes at Catoctin Creek and Point of Rocks, Md. Skirmish at Thoroughfare Gap, Va. Action at Aldie, Va. 1718, 1863.Skirmishes at and near Middleburg, Va. 18, 1863.Skirmish near Aldie, Va. 19, 1863.Action at Middleburg, Va. 20, 1863.Skirmish at Middletown, Md. 21, 1863.Skirmish near Gainesville, Va. Skirmish at Frederick, Md. Engagement at Upperville, Va. 2125, 1863.Skirmishes at and about Thoroughfare Gap and Hay Market, Va. 22, 1863.Skirmish near Dover, Va. Skirmish at Greencastle, Pa. Skirmish near Aldie, Va. 24, 1863.Skirmish at Sharpsburg, Md. 25, 1863.Skirmish near McConnellsburg, Pa. 26, 1863.Skirmish near Gettysburg, Pa Page 4 4 K. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. June 27, 1863.Skirmish near Fairfax Court-House, Va. 28, 1863.Maj. Gen. t~eorge G. Meade relieves Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker in command of the Army of the Potomac. Skirmish between Offutts Cross-Roads and Seneca, Md. Skirmish near Rockville, Md. Skirmish at Fountain Dale, Pa. Skirmish at Wrightsville, Pa. 2829, 1863.Skirmish near Oyster Point, Pa. Affair on the Little River Turnpike, Va. 29, 1863.Skirmish at McConnellsburg, Pa. Affairs at Lisbon and Poplar Springs, Md. Skirmish at Westminster, Md. Skirmish at Muddy Branch, Md. 30, 1863.Skirmish at Sporting Hill, near Harrisburg, Pa. Skirmish at Fairfield, Pa. Skirmish at Westminster, Md. Action at Hanover, Pa. Evacuation of Maryland Heights, Md. July 1,1863.Skirmish at Carlisle; Pa. 13, 1863.Battle of Gettysburg, Pa. 2, 1863.Skirmish near Chambersburg, Pa. Skirmish at Hunterstown, Pa. 3, 1863.Action at Fairfield, Pa. 4, 1863.Action at Monterey Gap, Pa. Skirmish at Fairfield Gap, Pa. Skirmish near Emmitsburg, Md. 5, 1863.Skirmish at Smithsburg, Md. Skirmish near Green Oak, Pa. Skirmish near Mercersburg, Pa. Skirmish near Fairfield, Pa. Skirmish near Greencastle, Pa. Skirmish at Cunninghams Cross-Roads, Pa. Skirmish at Stevens Furnace (or Caledonia Iron Works), Pa. 6, 1863.Action at Hagerstown, Md. Action at Williamsport; Md. 7, 1863.Skirmish at Downsville, Md. Skirmish at Harpers Ferry, W. Va. Reoccupation of Maryland Heights, Md. - Skirmish at Funkstown, Md. 8, 1863.Action at Boonsborough, Md. Skirmish near Williamsport, Md. 9, 1863.Skirmish at Benevola (or Beaver Creek), Md. 10, 1863.Skirmish at Old Antietam Forge, near Leitersburg, Md. Skirmish near Clear Spring, Md. 1013, 1863.Skirmishes at and near Hagerstown, Md. Skirmishes at Jones Cross-Roads, near Williamsport, Md. Skirmishes at and near Funkstown, Md. 1114, 1863.Reconnaissance to, and skirmish (12th) at, Ashbys Gap, Va. 14, 1863.Skirmish near Williamsport, Md. Skirmish near Harpers Ferry, W. Va. Action at Falling Waters, Md. 15, 1863.Skirmish at Halltown, W. Va. Skirmish at Shepherdstown, W. Va. 16, 1863,Skirmish at Shanghai, W. Va Page 5 OnAP. X~XIX.1 TH1~ GI~TTVsBuRG CAMPAIGN. 5 July 16, 1863.Action at Shepherdstown, W. Va. 17, 1863.Skirmish near North Mountain Station, W. Va. Skirmish at Snickers Gap, Va. 1819, 1863.Skirmishes at and near Hedgesville and Martinsburg, W. Va. 20, 1863.Skirmish near Berrys Ferry, Va. Skirmish at Ashbys Gap, Va. 2122, 1863.Skirmishes at Manassas Gap, Va. Skirmishes at Chester Gap, Va. 23 1863.Action at Wapping Heights, Manassas Gap, Va. Skirmish near Gaines Cross-Roads, Va. Skirmish near Snickers Gap, Va. Skirmish near Chester Gap, Va. 24, 1863.Skirmish at Battle Mountain, near Newbys Cross-Roads, Va. 25, 1863.Skirmish at Barbees Cross-Roads, Va. 31Aug. 1, 1863.Skirmishes at Kellys Ford, Va. Aug. 1, 1863.Action at Brandy Station, Va. REPOI~TS. GENERAL REPORTS. No. 1.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, General-in-Chief, U. S. Army, including operations in Southeastern Virginia and West Virginia. No. 2.Brig. Gen. Hermann Haupt, U. S. Army, in charge of Military Railway Department. No. 3.Medical Inspector John M. Cuyler, U. S. Army. No. 4.Medical Inspector Edward P. Vollum, U. S. Army. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. No. 5.Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Poto- mac, of operations June 327, and correspondence with the authorities in Washington. No. 6.Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Poto~ mac, of operations June 28August 3, and correspondence with the authorities in Washington, etc. No. 7.Itinerary of the Army of the Potomac and co-operating forces, June 5 July31. No. 8.Abstract from returns of the Army of the Potomac, June 10July 31. No. 9.Organization of the Army of the Potomac at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3. No. 10.Return of Casualties in the Union forces at Brandy Station (Fleetwood), Beverly Ford, and Stevensburg, Va., June 9. No. 11.Return of Casualties in the Union forces at Aldie, Va., June 17. No. 12.Return of Casualties in the Union forces at Upperville, Va., June 21. No. 13.Return of Casualties in the Union forces at Gettysburg, Pa., July 13. No. 14.Return of Casualties in the Union forces at Wapping Heights, Manassas Gap, Va., July 23. No. 15.General Return of Casualties in the Union forces during the Gettysburg Campaign, June 3-August 1. No. 16.Surg. Jonathan Letterman, U. S. Army, Medical Director, Army of the Potomac. No. 17.Capt. Lemuel B. Norton, Chief Signal Officer. No. 18.Capt. William J. L. Nicodemus, Signal Officer. No. 19.Capt. Nahum Daniels, Signal Officer Page 6 6 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., I~TC. [CHAin XXXIX. No. 20.Capt. William G. McCreary, Signal Officer. No. 21.Lieut. George A. Fisher, Acting signal Officer. No. 22.Lieut. Ephraim ~A. Briggs, Acting Signal Officer. No. 23.Lieut. Julius M. Swain, Acting Signal Officer. No. 24.Brig. Gen. Rufus Ingalls, U. S. Army, Chief Quartermaster. No. 25.Brig. Gen. Marsena R. Patrick, U. S. Army, Provost-Marshal-General. No. 26.Lieut. John R. Edie, U. S. Ordnance Department, Acting Chief Ordnance Officer. No. 27.Brig. Gen. Henry W. Benham, U. S. Army, commanding Engineer Bri- gade. No. 28.Brig. Gen. Henry J. Hunt, U. S. Army, Chief of Artillery. No. 29.Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division of, and First Army Corps. No. 30.Maj. Gen. John Newton, U. S. Army, commanding First Army Corps. No. 31.Lieut. Joseph G. Rosengarten, One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, Ordnance Officer. No. 32.Brig. Gen. James S. Wadsworth, U. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 33.Col. Henry A. Morrow, Twenty-fourth Michigan Infantry, First Brigade. No. 34.Maj. John Mansfield, Second Wisconsin Infantry. No. 35.Lieut. Col. Rufus R. Dawes, Sixth Wisconsin Infantry. No. 36.Col. William W. Robinson, Seventh Wisconsin Infantry. No. 37.Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 38.Col. Ira G. Grover, Seventh Indiana Infantry. No. 39.Capt. John E. Cook, Seventy-sixth New York Infantry. No. 40.Col. Edward B. Fowler, Eighty-fourth New York Infantry (Fourteenth Militia). No. ~1.Maj. Edward Pye, Ninety-fifth New York Infantry. No. 42.Col. J. William Hofmaun, Fifty-sixth Peunsylvania Infantry. No. 43.Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 44.Col. Richard Coulter, Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding regi- ment and First Brigade. No. 45.Lieut. Col. Augustus B. Farnham, Sixteenth Maine Infantry. No. 46.Lieut. Col. N. Walter Batchelder, Thirteenth Massachusetts Infantry. No. 47.Maj. Samuel A. Moffett, Ninety-fourth New York Infantry. No. 48.Col. Gilbert G. Prey, One hundred and fourth New York Infantry. No. 49.Capt. Jacob J. Bierer, Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 50.Lieut. Col. James MacThomson, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 51.Capt. Emanuel D. Roath, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania In- fantry. No. 52.Brig. Gen. Henry Baxter, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 53.Col. Charles Wheelock, Ninety-seventh New York Infantry. No. 54.Capt. Edmund Y. Patterson, Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 55.Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Rowley, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division. No. 56.Col. Chapman Biddle, One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania In- fantry, commanding regiment and First Brigade. No. 57.Col. Theodore B. Gates, Eightieth New York Infantry (Twentieth Militia). No. 58.Lient. Col. Alexander Biddle, One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 59.Lient. Col. Alfred B. McCalmont, One hundred and forty-second Penn- sylvania Infantry. No. O0.Lieut. Col. George F. McFarland, One hundred and fifty-first Pennsyl- vania Infantry. No. 61.Cd. Roy Stone, One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade Page 7 o~. XXXIX.] ~PIIE GI~TTYSBrRG CAMPATGIW. No. 62.Col. Langhorne Wister, One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 63.CoL Edmund L. Dana, One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania In- fantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 64.Lieut. Col. John D. Musser, One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 65.Lieut. Col. Walton Dwight, One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 66.Capt. John Irvin, One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 67.Lieut. Col. Henry S. Huidekoper, One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 68.Capt. George W. Jones, One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry~ No. 69.Brig. Gen. George J. Stannard, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 70.Col. Francis V. Randall, Thirteenth Vermont Infantry. No. 71.Col. Charles S. Wainwright, First New York Light Artillery, command- ing Artillery Brigade, First Army Corps. No. 72.Capt. James A. Hall, Second Maine Battery. No. 73.Lieut. Edward N. Whittier, Fifth Maine Battery. No. 74.Lieut. George Breck, Battery L, First New York Light Artillery. No. 75.Capt. James H. Cooper, Battery B, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery. No. 76.Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, U. S. Army, commanding Second Army Corps. No. 77.Brig. Gen. John C. Caldwell, U. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 78.Col. H. Boyd McKeen, Eighty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 79.Maj. Richard E. Cross, Fifth New Hampshire Infantry. No. 8O.-~--Lieut. Col. K. Oscar Broady, Sixty-first New York Infantry. No. 81.Lieut. Col. Amos Stroh, Eighty-first Pennsylvania Infantry.. No. 82.Col. Patrick Kelly, Eighty-eighth New York Infantry, commanding Sec- ond Brigade. No. 83.Col. Richard Byrnes, Twenty-eighth Massachusetts Infantry. No. 84.Capt. Thomas Touhy, Sixty-third New York Infantry. No. 85.Lieut. James J. Smith, Sixty-ninth New York Infantry. No. 86.Capt. Denis F. Burke, Eighty-eighth New York Infantry. No. 87.Maj. St. Clair A. Mulholland, One hundred and sixteenth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 88.Lieut. Col. John Fraser, One hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding regiment and Third Brigade. No. 89.Capt. William Scherrer, Fifty-second New York Infantry. No. 90.Lieut. Col. Aiford B. Chapman, Fifty-seventh New York Infantry. No. 91.Maj. Peter Nelson, Sixty-sixth New York Infantry. No. 92.Col. John R. Brooke, Fifty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Fourth Brigade. No. 93.Col. William P. Bally, Second Delaware Infantry. No. 94.Maj. Leman W. Bradley, Sixty-fourth New York Infantry. l~o. 95.Lieut. Col. Richards McMichael, Fifty-third Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 96.Capt. John W. Reynolds, One hundred and forty-fifth Pennsylvania In- fantry. No. 97.Capt. Moses W. Oliver, One hundred and forty-fifth Pennsylvania Infan- try. No. 98.Brig. Gen. John Gibhon, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division of, and Second Army Corps. No. 99.Brig. Gen. William Harrow, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 100.Col. Francis E. Heath, Nineteenth Maine Infantry Page 8 8 [CHAP. XXXIX. No. 101.Lieut. Col. George C. Joslin, Fifteenth Massachusetts Infantry. No. 102.Capt. Henry C. Coates; First Minnesota Infantry. No. 103.Capt. John Darrow, Eighty-second New York Infantry (Second Militia). No. 104.Brig. Gen. Alexander S. Webb, U. S. Army, commanding Second Bri- gade. No. 105.Capt. William Davis, Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry6 No. 106,Col. R. Penn Smith, Seventy-first Pennsylvania Infantry6 No. 107.Lieut. Col. Theodore Hesser, Seventy-second Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 108.Lient. Col. William L. Curry, One hundred and sixth Pennsylvania In- fantry. No. 109.Col. Norman J. Hall, Seventh Michigan Infantry, commanding Third Bri- gade. No. 110.Col. Arthur F. Devereux, Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry. No. 111.Capt. Henry L. Abbott, Twentieth Massachusetts Infantry. No. 112.Maj. Sylvanus W. Curtis, Seventh Michigan Infantry. No. 113.Col. James E. Mallon, Forty-second New York Infantry. No. 114.Capt. William McFadden, Fifty-ninth New York Infantry. No. 115.Brig. Gen. Alexander Hays, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division. No. 116.Col. Samuel S. Carroll, Eighth Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 117.Col. John Coons, Fourteenth Indiana Infantry. No. 118.Capt. Nathan Willard, Fourteenth Indiana Infantry, commanding Pioneer Corps. No. 119.Lieut. Col. Leonard W. Carpenter, Fourth Ohio Infantry. No. 120.Lient. Col. Franklin Sawyer, Eighth Ohio Infantry. No. 121.Capt. Alfred T. Craig, Eighth Ohio Infantry, commanding Provost Guard. No. 122.Lieut. Col. Jonathan H. Lockwood, Seventh West Virginia Infantry. No. 123.Col. Thomas A. Smyth, First Delaware Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 124.Maj. Theodore G. Ellis, Fourteenth Connecticut Infantry. No. 125.Lient. John T. Dent, First Delaware Infantry. No. 126.Maj. John T. Hill, Twelfth New Jersey Infantry. No. 127.Maj. George F. Hopper, Tenth New York Infantry. No. 128.Lient. Col. James M. Bull, One hundred and twenty-sixth New York In- fantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 129.Col. Clinton D. MacDougall, One hundred and Eleventh New York In- fantry. No. 130.Capt. Aaron P. Seeley, One hundred and Eleventh New York Infantry. No. 131.Lieut~ Harry L. Haskell, One hundred and twenty-fifth New York Infan- try. No. 132.Capt. John G. Hazard, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, Second Army Corps. No. 133.Maj. Gen. David B. Birney, U. S. Army, commanding First Division of, and Third Army Corps. No. 134.Maj. Gen. William H. French, U. S. Army, commanding Third Army Corps. No. 135.Brig. Gen. J. H. Hobart Ward, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade and First Division. No. 136.Capt. Alanson H. Nelson, Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, First Bri- gade. No. 137.Maj. John A. Danks, Sixty-third Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 138.Col. Andrew H. Tippin, Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 139.Col. Calvin A. Craig, One hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 40.Capt. Edward R. Bowen, One hundred and fourteenth Pennsylvania In- fantry Page 9 CHAP. XXXI~I tilt GtTT~SttT~G CAMPAI(fN~. No. 141.Col. Henry J. Madil, One hundred and forty-first Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 142.Lieut. Col. William C. L. Taylor, Twentieth Indiana Infantry, Second Brigade. No. 14B.CoL Moses B. Lakeman, Third Maine Infantry. ~No. 144.Lieut. Charles F. Sawyer, Fourth Maine Infantry. No. 145.Capt. Edwin Libby, Fourth Maine Infantry. No. 146.Lieut. Col. Benjamin L. Higgins, Eighty-sixth New York Infantry. No. 147.Lieut. Col. Francis M. Cummins, One hundred and twenty-fourth New York Infantry. No. 148.Maj. John W. Moore, Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 149.CoL Hiram Berdan, First U. S. Sharpshooters, commanding First and Second U. S. Sharpshooters. No. 150.Licut. Col. Casper Trepp, First U. S. Sharpshooters. No. 151.Maj. Homer R. Stoughton, Second U. S. Sharpshooters. No. 152.Col. P. Regis de Trobriand, Fifty-fifth New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 153.Lieut. Col. Charles B. Merrill, Seventeenth Maine Infantry. No. 154.Lieut. Col. Edwin S. Pierce, Third Michigan Infantry. No. 155.Lieut. Col. John Pulford, Fifth Michigan Infantry. No. 156.Col. Thomas W. Egan, Fortieth New York Infantry. No. 157.Maj. Isaac Rogers, One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 158.Brig. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 159.Brig. Gen. Henry Prince, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 160.Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Carr, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 161.Licut. Col. Clark B. Baldwin, First Massachusetts Infantry. No. 162.Lieut. Col. Porter D. Tripp, Eleventh Massachusetts Infantry. No. 163.Capt. Matthew Donovan, Sixteenth Massachusetts Infantry. No. 164.Col. Robert McAllister, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry. No. 165.Lieut. John Schoonover, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry. No. 166.Capt. William B. Dunning, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry. No. 167.Maj. Robert L. Bodine, Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 168.Lieut. Col. Milton Opp, Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 169.Col. William R. Brewster, Seventy-third New York Infantry command- ing Second Brigade. No. 170.Maj. William H. Hugo, Seventieth New York Infantry. No. 171.Col. Henry L. Potter, Seventy-first New York Infantry. No. 172.Col. John S. Austin, Seventy-second New York Infantry. No. 173.Capt. Abram L. Lockwood, One hundred and twentieth New York In- fantry. No. 1 ~4.Col. George C. Burling, Sixth New Jersey Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 175.Col. Edward L. Bailey, Second New Hampshire Infantry. No. 176.Capt. Henry H. Woolsey and Col. William J. Sewell, Fifth New Jersey Infantry. No. 177.Lieut. Col. Stephen R. Gilkyson, Sixth New Jersey Infantry. No. 178.Maj. Frederick Cooper, Seventh New Jersey Infantry. No. 179.Brig. Gen. Washington L. Elliott, U. S. Army, commanding Third Di- vision. No. 180.Col. Benjamin F. Smith, One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 181.Capt. George B. Randolph, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, command- ing Artillery Brigade, Third Army Corps. No. 182.Capt. A. Judson Clark, Battery B, First New Jersey Light Artillery. No. 183.Capt. George B. Winslow, Battery D, First New York Light Artillery Page 10 10 [CHAP. ~XXIX~ No. 184.Capt. James E. Smith, Fourth New York Battery. No. 185.Lieut. Benjamin Freeborn; Battery E, First Rhode Islan4 Light Artillery. No. 186.Lieut. Robert James, Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery. No. 187.Maj. Gen. George Sykes, U. S. Army, commanding Fifth Army Corps. No. 188.Capt. James A. Bates, Chief Ambulance Officer. No. 189.Brig. Gen. James Barnes, U. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 190.Brig. Gen. Charles Griffin, U. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 191.Lieut. Joseph C. Ayer, Chief Ambulance Officer, First Division. No. 192.Col. William S. Tilton, Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry, command- ing First Brigade. No. 193.Col. Jacob B. Sweitzer, Sixty-second Pennsylvania Infantry, command- ing Second Brigade. No. 194.Col. Strong Vincent, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 195.Col. James C. Rice, Forty-fourth New York Infantry, commanding regi- ment and Third Brigade. No. 196..Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain, Twentieth Maine Infantry. No. 197.Capt. Atherton W. Clark, Twentieth Maine Infantry. No. 198.Lient. Col. Norval E. Welch, Sixteenth Michigan Infantry. No. 199.Maj. Robert T. Elliott, Sixteenth Michigan Infantry. No. 200.Lieut. Col. Freeman Conner, Forty-fourth New York Infantry. No. 201.Capt. Orpheus S. Woodward, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 202.~Maj. William H. Lamont, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 203.Brig. Gen. Romeyn B. Ayres, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 204.Col. Hannibal Day, Sixth U. S. Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 205.Capt. Andrew Sheridan, Third U. S. Infantry No. 206.Capt. Julius W. Adams, jr., Fourth U. S. Infantry. No. 207.Capt. Levi C. Bootes, Sixth U. S. Infantry. No. 208.Capt. Thomas S. Dunn, Twelfth U. S. Infantry. No. 209.Capt. W. Harvey Brown, Fourteenth U. S. Infantry. No. 210.Maj. Grotius R. Giddings, Fourteenth U. S. Infantry. No. 211.Col. Sidney Burbank, Second U. S. Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 212.Maj. Arthur T. Lee, Second U. S. Infantry. No. 213.Capt. David P. Hancock, Seventh U. S. Infantry. No. 214.Capt. William Clinton, Tenth U. S. Infantry. No. 215.Maj. De Lancey Floyd-Jones, Eleventh U. S. Infantry. No. 216.Lieut. Col. J. Durell Greene, Seventeenth U. S. Infantry. No. 217.Col. Kenner Garrard, One hundred and forty-sixth New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 218.Brig. Gen. Samuel W. Crawford, U. S. Army, commanding Third Di- vision. No. 219.Col. William McCandless, Second Pennsylvania Reserves, commanding First Brigade. No. 220.Col. Joseph W. Fisher, Fifth Pennsylvania Reserves, commanding Third Brigade. No. 221.Capt. Augustus P. Martin, Third Massachusetts Battery, commanding Artillery Brigade, Fifth Army Corps. No. 222.Capt. Frank C. Gibbs, Battery L, First Ohio Light Artillery. No. 223.Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick, U. S. Army, commanding Sixth Army Corps. No. 224.Brig. Gen. Horatio G. Wright, U. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 225.Brig. Gen. Alfred T. A. Torbert, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 226.Brig. Gen. Joseph J. Bartlett, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, First Division, and Third Division Page 11 tIlE GtT1~SBURG CAMPAIGN. ii No. 227.Col. Emory Upton, One hundred and twenty-first New York Infantry. No. 228.Brig. Gen. David A. Rus~ll, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 229.Brig. Gen. Albion P. Howe, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 230.Col. Lewis A. Grant, Fifth Vermont Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 231.Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Neil, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade and Light Division. No. 232.Brig. Gen. Alexander Shaler, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, Third Division. No. 233.Col. Horatio Rogers, jr., Second Rhode Island Infantry, Second Brigade. No. 234.Col. David J. Nevin, Sixty-second New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 235.Maj. John B. Kohler, Ninety-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 236.Col. John W. Patterson, One hundred and second Pennsylvania 1n fantry. No. 237.Lieut. Col. William H. Moody, One hundred and thirty-ninth Pennsyl- vania Infantry. No. 238.Capt. William H. McCartney, First Massachusetts Battery, Artillery Bri- gade, Sixth Army Corps. No. 239.Capt. Andrew Cowan, First New York Battery. No. 240.Capt. William A. Ham, Third New York Battery. No. 241.Capt. Richard Waterman, Battery C, First Rhode Island Light Artillery. No. 242.Capt. George W. Adams, Battery G, First Rhode Island Light Artillery. No. 243.Maj. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard, U. S. Army, commanding Eleventh Army Corps, with congratulatory order. No. 244.Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade and First Division. No. 245.Lieut. Col. Detleo von Einsiedel, Forty-first New York Infantry, First Brigade. No. 246.Col. Andrew L. Harris, Seventy-fifth Ohio Infantry, commanding regi- ment and Second Brigade. No. 247.Maj. Allen G. Brady, Seventeenth Connecticut Infantry. No. 248.Lieut. Israel White, Twenty-fifth Ohio Infantry. No. 249.Capt. John M. Lutz, One hundred and seventh Ohio Infantry. - / No. 250.Brig. Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 251.Col. Orland Smith, Seventy-third Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 252.Col. James Wood, jr., One hundred and thirty-sixth New York Infantry. No. 253.Maj. Gen. Carl Schurz, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division. No. 254.Brig. Gen. Hector Tyndale, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 255.Col. Frederick Hecker, Eighty-second Illinois Infantry. No. 256.Lieut. Col. Adoiphus Dobke, Forty-fifth New York Infantry. No. 257.Col. Horace Boughton, One hundred and forty-third New York Infantry. No. 258.Lieut. Col. William H. H. Bown, Sixty-first Ohio Infantry. No. 259.Capt. Emil Koenig, Fifty-eighth New York Infantry, Second Brigade. No. 260.Maj. Benjamin A. Willis, One hundred and nineteenth New York In- fantry. No. 261.Lieut. Col. David Thomson, Eighty-second Ohio Infantry. No. 262.Maj. August Ledig, Seventy-fifth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 263.Col. William H. Jacobs, Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Infantry. No. 264.Maj. Thomas W. Osbomn, First New York Light-Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, Eleventh Army Corps. No. 265.Capt. Michael Wiedrich, Battery I, First New York Light Artillery. No. 266.Lieut. William Wheeler, Thirteenth New York Battery Page 12 12 I~. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. tOHAP. XXXIX. No. 267.Capt. Hubert Dilger, Battery I, First Ohio Light Artillery. No. 268.Capt. Lewis Heckman, Battery K, Fivst Ohio Light Artillery. No. 269.Lieut. Christopher F. Merkie, Battery G, Fourth U. S. Artillery. No. 270.Lieut. Eugene A. Bancroft, Battery G, Fourth U. S. Artillery. No. 271.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, U. S. Army, commanding Twelfth Army Corps. No. 272.Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams, U. S. Army, commanding First Division of, and Twelfth Corps. No. 273.Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger, U. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 274.Col. Archibald L. McDougall, One hundred and twenty-third New York Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 275.Col. Warren W. Packer, Fifth Connecticut Infantry. No. 276.Lieut. CoL William B. Wooster, Twentieth Connecticut Infantry. No. 277.CoL Joseph M. Sudsburg, Third Maryland Infantry. No. 278.Lieut. Col. Gilbert P. Robinson, Third Maryland Infantry. No. 279.Lieut. Col. James C. Rogers, One hundred and twenty-third New York Infantry. No. 280.Col. E. Livingston Price, One hundred and forty-fifth New York Infantry. No. 281.CoL James L. Selfridge, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 282.Brig. Gen. Henry H. Lockwood, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 283.CoL William P. Maulsby, First Potomac Home Brigade Maryland Infantry. No. 284.CoL James Wallace, First Eastern Shore Maryland Infantry. No. 285.Col. John H. Ketcham, One hundred and fiftieth New York Infantry. No. 286.Col. Silas Colgrove, Twenty-seventh Indiana Infantry, commanding regi- ment and Third Brigade. No. 287.Lieut. Col. John R. Fesler, Twenty-seventh Indiana Infantry. No. 288.Lieut. Col. Charles F. Morse, Second Massachusetts Infantry. No. 289.Lieut. Col. John Grimes, Thirteenth New Jersey Infantry. No. 290.Col. Nirorn M. Crane, One hundred and seventh New York Infantry. No. 291.Lieut. Col. Martin Flood, Third Wisconsin Infantry. No. 292.Col. William Hawley, Third Wisconsin Infantry. No. 293.Brig. Gen. John W. Geary, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 294.Col. Charles Candy, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 295.CoL John H. Patrick, Fifth Ohio Infantry. No. 296.CoL William R. Creighton, Seventh Ohio Infantry. No. 297.Capt. Wilbur F. Stevens, Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry. No. 298.Capt. Edward Hayes, Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry. No. 299.Lieut. Col. Eugene Powell, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry. No. 300.Capt. John Flynn, Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 301.Lieut. Col. Ario Pardee, jr., One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 302.Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Kane, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 303.CoL George A. Cobham, jr., One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania In- fantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 304.Col. William Rickards, jr., Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 305.Capt. Frederick L. Gimber, One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 306.Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Walker, One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 307.Brig. Gen. George S. Greene, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 308.Col. Abel Godard, Sixtieth New York Infantry. No. 309.Licut. Col. John C. 0. Redington, Sixtieth New York Infantry. No. 310.Lieut. Col. Herbert von Hammerstein, Seventy-eighth New York Infantry. No. 3tt.Capt. Lewis R. Stegman, One hundred and second New York Infantry. No. 312.Col. David Ireland, One hnndred and thirty-seventh New York Infantry. No. 313.Col. ~{enry A. Barnum, One hundred and forty-ninth New York Infantry Page 13 cHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 13 No. 314.Lieut. Edward D. Muhlenberg, Fourth U. S. Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, Twelfth Army Corps. No. 315.Brig. Gen. Robert 0. Tyler, commanding Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac. No. 316.Lieut. Cornelius Gillett, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, Ordnance Officer Artillery Reserve. No. 317.Lieut. Gulian V. Weir, Battery C, Fifth U. S. Artillery, First Regular Brigade. No. 318.Lieut. Col. Freeman MeGilvery, First Maine Light Artillery, commanding First Volunteer Brigade. No. 319.Capt. Charles A. Phillips, Battery E, Massachusetts Light Artillery. No. 320.Lieut. Richard S. Milton, Ninth Massachusetts Battery. No. 321.Capt. Patrick Hart, Fifteenth New York Battery. No. 322.Lieut. Andrew R. McMahon, Fifteenth New York Battery. No. 323.Capt. James Thompson, Batteries C and F, Pennsylvania Light Artillery. No. 324.Capt. Franklin A. Pratt, Battery M, First Connecticut Artillery, Second Volunteer Brigade. No. 325.Capt. Elijah D. Taft, Fifth New York Battery. No. 326.Capt. Frederick M. Edgell, First New Hampshire Battery, Third Volun- teer Brigade. No. 327.Lieut. George W. Norton, Battery H, First Ohio Light Artillery. No. 328.Capt. R. Bruce Ricketts, Batteries F and G, First Pennsylvania Light Ar- tillery. No. 329.Capt. Wallace Hill, Battery C, First West Virginia Light Artillery. No. 330.Capt. Robert H. Fitzhugh, First New York Light Artillery, commanding Fourth Vplunteer Brigade. No. 331.Lieut. Edwin B. Dow, Sixth Maine Battery. No. 332.Capt. James H. Rigby, Battery A, Maryland Light Artillery. No. 333.Lieut. Augustin N. Parsons, Battery A, New Jersey Light Artillery. No. 334.Capt. Nelson Ames, B44tery G, First New York Light Artillery. No. 335.Maj. Charles Ewing, Fourth New Jersey Infantry, Train Guard. No. 336.Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton, U. S. Army, commanding Cavalry Corps. No. 337.Brig. Gen. John Buford, U. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 338.Col. William Gamble, Eighth Illinois Cavalry, commanding First Brigade. No. 339.Col. Thomas C. Devin, Sixth New York Cavalry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 340.Brig. Gen. Wesley Merritt, U. S. Army, commanding Reserve Brigade. No. 341.Capt. Julius W. Mason, Fifth U. S. Cavalry. No. 342.Capt. George C. Cram, Sixth U. S. Cavalry. No. ~43.Lieut. Nicholas Nolan, Sixth U. S. Cavalry. No. 344.Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 345.Col. Alfred N. DUIIli~, First Rhode Island Cavalry, commanding Second Division and regiment. No. 346.Capt. Frank Allen, First Rhode Island Cavalry. No. 347.Col. Percy Wyndham, First New Jersey Cavalry, commanding Second Brigade, Third Division. No. 348.Col. John B. McIntosh, Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding First Brigade, Second Division. No. 349.Maj. Hugh H. Janeway, First New Jersey Cavalry. No. 350.Col. John P. Taylor, First Pennsylvania Cavalry. No. 351.Maj. Oliver 0. G. Robinson, Third Pennsylvania Cavalry. No. 352.Col. Pennock Huey, Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 353.Lieut. Col. William Stedman, Sixth Ohio Cavalry Page 14 14 N. C.~ VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. No. 354.Capt. William A. Corrie, Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry. No. 35f1.CoL J. Irvin Gregg, Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding Seconi and Third Brigades. No. 356.Col. Charles H. Smith, First Maine Cavalry. No. 357.Maj. M. Heiiry Avery, Tenth New York Cavalry. No. 358.Lieut. CoL William E. Doster, Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry. No. 359.Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade of, and Third Division. No. 360.Lieut. Col. Henry E. Davies, jr., Second New York Cavalry, First Bri- gade. No. 361.Brig. Gen. George A. Custer, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade of, and Third Division. No. 362.Col. Nathaniel P. Richmond, First West Virginia Cavalry, commanding First Brigade, Third Division. No. 363.Maj. John Hammond, Fifth New York Cavalry. No. 364.Maj. William B. Darlington, Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. No. 365.Lieut. Col. Addison W. Preston, First Vermont Cavalry. No. 366.Col. Edward B. Sawyer, First Vermont Cavalry. No. 367.Maj. Charles E. Capehart, First West Virginia Cavalry. No. 368.Capt. James M. Robertson, Second U. S. Artillery, commanding First Brigade, Horse Artillery. No. 369.Capt. Jabez J. Daniels, Ninth Michigan Battery. No. 370.Capt. Joseph W. Martin, Sixth New York Battery. No. 371.Lieut. J. Wade Wilson, Sixth New York Battery. No. 372.Capt. John C. Tidball, Second U. S. Artillery, commanding Second Brigade, Horse Artillery. No. 373.Capt. William M. Graham, Battery K, First U. S. Artillery. No. 374.Lieut. John H. Calef, Battery A, Second U. S. Artillery. No. 375.Lieut. William D. Fuller, Battery C, Third U. S. Artillery. DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON. No. 376.Col. James B. Swain, Eleventh New York Cavalry, of skirmish near Fair- fax Court-House, Va. No. 377.Col. Henry L. Abbot, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, of affair on Little River Turnpike. No. 378.Col. Charles R. Lowell, jr., Second Massachusetts Cavalry, of reconnais- sance, July 1114. No. 1. Report of YIaj. Gen. Henry W. Halleek, General-in-Chief, U. S.. Army, including operations in Southeastern Virginia and IVest Virginia. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. 0., November 15, 1863. Sin: In compliance with your orders I submit the following sum- mary of military operations since my last annual report: * * * * * * * In the early part of June, Lees army moved up the south bank of the Rappahannock, occupied the gaps of the Blue Ridge, and threaP ened the Valley of the Shenandoah. General Hooker followed on a~i interior line by Warrentoii Junction, Thoroughfare Gap, an Page 15 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 15 Leesburg; but the operations of both armies were so masked by the intervening mountains that neither could obtain positive information of the force and movements of the other. Winchester and Martins- burg were at this time occupied by us simply as outposts. Neither place was susceptible of a good defense. Directions were, therefore, given on June 11 to withdraw these gar- risons to Harpers Ferry. But these orders were not obeyed, and, on the 13th, Winchester was attacked and its armament and a part of its garrison captured. Lee now crossed the Potomac near Williamsport, and directed his narch upon IEllarrisburg. General Hooker followed upon his right flank, covering Washington and Baltimore. On reaching Frederick, Md., June 28, he was, at his own request, relieved from the command, and Major-General Meade appointed in his place. During these movements, cavalry skirmishes took place at Beverly Ford, Brandy Station, Berryville, and Aldie, some of which were quite severe, but, in the absence of detailed reports, I am unable to give the losses on either side. When General Meade, under the orders of the President, took com- mand of the Army of the Potomac on June 28, it was mainly concen- trated at Frederick, Md. Lees army was supposed to be advancing against Harrisburg, which was garrisoned by raw militia, upon which little reliance could be placed. Ewells corps was on the west side of the Susquehanna, between that place and Columbia. LQngstreets corps was near Chambersburg, and Hills corps between that place and Cashtown. Stuarts cavalry was making a raid between Wash- ington and Frederick, cutting Meades line of supplies and captnring his trains. Our force at Harpers Ferry at this time was supposed to be about 11,000. It was incorrectly represented to General Meade to be desti- tute of provisions, and that he must immediately supply it, or order the abandonment of the place. * Accordingly, a few hQurs after he assumed the command, he assented to an order, drawn up by an officer of General Hookers staff, directing General French to send 7,000 men of the garrison to Frederick, and with the remainder, estimated at 4,000, to remove and escort the public property to Washington. This order, based on erroneous representations, was not known in Washington until too late to be countermanded. It was, however, not entirely executed when General Meade very judiciously directed the reoccupation of that important point. On the 29th, General Meades army was put in motion, and at night was in position; its left at Emmitsburg, and right at New Wind- sor. The advance of Bufords cavalry was at Gettysburg, and Kil- patricks division at Hanover, where it encountered Stuarts cavalry, which had passed around the rear and right of our army without meeting any serious opposition. On the 30th, the First, Third, and Eleventh Corps were concen~ trated at Emmitsbnrg, under General Reynolds, while the right wing moved up to Manchester. Buford reported the enemy in for~ce on the Cashtown road, near Gettysburg, and Reynolds moved up to that place on July 1. He found our cavalry warmly engaged with the enemy, and holding him in check on the Cashtown road. Rey- nolds immediately deployed the advanced division of the First *S~ Butterfield to Meade, January 23, 1864, p. 20, and Neade to ~utterfie1d, Feb- ruary 4, 1864, p. 21 Page 16 16 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [cHAr. xxxix. Corps, and ordered the Eleventh Corps to move promptly to its sup- port. Wadsworths division had driven back the enemy some dis- tance and captured a large number of prisoners, when General Rey- nolds fell, mortally wounded. The arrival of Ewells corps about this time by the York and Harrisburg roads compelled General Howard, upon whom the command devolved, to withdraw hi~ force, the First and Eleventh Corps, to the Cemetery Ridge, on the south side of Gettysburg. About 7 p. m. Generals Sickles and Slocum arrived on the field with the Third and Twelfth Corps, which took position, one on the left and the other on the right of the new line. The battle for the day, however, was over. General Meade arrived on the field during the night with the reserves, and posted his troops in line of battle, the First Corps on the right, the Eleventh Corps next; then the Twelfth Corps, which crossed the Baltimore pike; the Second and Third Corps on the Cemetery Ridge, on the left of the Eleventh Corps. The Fifth Corps, pending the arrival of the Sixth, formed the reserve. On the arrival of the latter, about 2 p. in., it took the place of the Fifth, which was ordered to take position on the extreme left. The enemy massed his troops on an exterior ridge, about a mile and a half in front of that occupied by us. General Sickles, misinterpret- ing his orders, instead of placing the Third Corps on the prolonga- tion of the Second, had moved it nearly three-quarters of a mile in advancean error which nearly proved fatal in the battle. The enemy attacked this ~corps on the 2d with great fury, and it was likely to be utterly annihilated, when the Fifth Corps moved up qn the left, and enabled it to reform behind the line it was originally ordered to hold. The Sixth Corps and a part of the First were also opportunely. thrown into this gap, and succeeded in checking the enemys advance. About sunset the rebels retired in confusion and disorder. At 8 p. m. an assault was made from the left of the town, which was gallantly repelled by the First, Second, and Eleventh Corps. On the morning of the 3d we regained, after a spirited contest, a part of our line on the right, which had been yielded to sustain other points on the 2d. About 1 p. m. the enemy opened an artillery fire of one hundred and twenty-five guns on our center and left. This was followed by an assault of a heavy infantry column on our left and left center, which was successfully repulsed, with a terrible loss to the enemy. This terminated the battle, and the rebels retired, de- feated, from the field. The opposing forces in this sanguinary contest were nearly equal in numbers, and both fought with the most desperate courage. The - commanders were also brave, skillful, and experienced, and they handled their troops on the field with distinguished ability; but to General Meade belongs the honor of a well-earned victory in one of the greatest and best-fought battles of the war. On the morning of the 4th, the enemy apparently occupied a new line in front of our left, but in reality his army had commenced its retreat, carrying off a part of his wounded. His lines, however, were not entirely evacuated until the morning of the 5th, when the cav- alry and the Sixth Corps were sent in pursuit. The days of the 5th and 6th were employed by General Meade in succoring the wounded and burying the dead left on the battle-field. ~Je then started in pursuit of Lee by a flank inovem~nt upon Middle Page 17 Cxiip. XXXIX.] 17 LTHE GETTYSBURG- CAMPAIG~W. town. In the meantime General French liad reoccupied Harpers Ferry, destroyed the enemys pontoon train at Williamsport and Fall ing Waters, and captured its guards. Halting a day at Middletown, General Meade crossed South Mountain, and on the 12th found the enemy occupying a strong posi- tion on the heights of Marsh iRun, in front of Wiiliamsport. Not being attacked in this position, with the swollen waters of the Poto- mac in his rear, without any means of crossing his artillery, and where a defeat must have caused the surrender of his entire army, Lee had time to construct a pontoon bridge with lumber collected from canal-boats and the ruins of wooden houses, and on the morn- ing of the 14th his army had crossed to the south side of the river. His rear guard, however, was attacked by our cavalry and suffered considerable loss. Thus ended the rebel campaign north of the Po- tomac, from which important political and military results had been eXpect ed. Our own loss in this short campaign had been very severe, viz~: Killed, 2,834; wounded, 13,709; missing, 6,643; total, 23,186.* We captured 3 guns, 41 standards, 13,621 prisoners, and 28,178 small- arms. The entire loss of the enemy is not known, but judging from the numbers of his dead and wounded left on the field, it must have been much greater than ours. After crossing the Potomac, Lee continued his retreat up the Valley of the Shenandoah and through the gaps of the Blue Ridge until he reached the south bank of the Rapidan, near Orange Court-House, where he took a defensive position to dispute the crossing of the river. General Meade continued his flank pursuit by Harpers Ferry, Berlin, and Warrenton, until he reached Culpeper Court-House, where he halted his army, not deeming it prudent to cross the river and attack the enemy, who was now intrenched on the south bank, which com- pletely commanded the approaches on the north side. During this advance, several cavalry skirmishes took place, but without serious loss on either side. * * * * * * * The operations of our troops in West Virginia are referred to here as being intimately connected with those of the Army of the Potomac. The force, being too small to attempt any important campaign by itself, has acted mostly upon the defensive, in repelling raids and breaking up guerrilla bands. When Lees army retreated across the Potomac in July last, Briga- dier-General Kelley couicentrated all his available force on the ene- mys flank, near Clear Spring, ready to co-operate in the propQsed attack by General Meade. They [the troops in West Virginia] also rendered valuable services in the pursuit, after Lee had effected his passage of the river. * * * * ,1c * * When the rebel army was moving north upon Maryland and Penn- sylvania, General Dix sent all his available force from Norfolk and Fort Monroe up the York River, for the purpose of cutting off Lees communications with Richmond, and of attacking that place, which was then defended by only a handful of militia. The expedition, however, failed to accomplish a single object for which it had been fitted out, the failure resulting, it was alleged, from the inefficiency * But see revised statement, p.187. R BvoL XXVII, PT Page 18 18 N. c., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., IETO. [Ciw~. XXXIX. of one of the generals in command. * General Dix therefore ordered its return, and sent the troops of which it was composed to re-en- force the army of General Meade north of the Potomac. * * * * * * * All of which is respectfully submitted. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. ADDENDA. (No. 1.) HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST, New York City, December 15, 1863. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLEcK, General-in-Chief: GENERAL: In your report of the 15th November, to the Secretary of War,J find the following paragraph: When the rebel army was moving north upon Maryland and Pennsylvania, G~n- eral Dix sent all of his available force from Norfolk and Fort Monroe up the York River, for the purpose of cutting off Lees communications with Richmond, and of attacking that place, which was then defended by only a handful of militia. The expedition, however, failed to accomplish a single object for which it had been fitted out, the failure resulting, it was alleged, from the inefficiency of one of the generals commanding. General Dix therefore ordered its return, and sent the troops of which it was composed to re-enforce the army of General Meade north of the Potomac. As there seems to be a misapprehension on your part in regard to two or three of the most essential particulars, I desire to call your attention to them in connection with the subjoined statement of facts. 1. That I sent all my available force * * * up the York River, for the purpose of cutting off Lees communications with Richmond, and of attacking that p lace. The following is your order, under which I acted: Lees army is in motion toward the Shenandoah Valley. All your available force should be concentrated to threaten Richmond by seizing and destroying their rail- road bridges over the South and North Anna Rivers, and do them all the damage possible. If you cannot accomplish this, you can at least occupy a large force of the enemy. There can be no serious danger of an attack on Norfolk now. It will be perceived that an attack on Richmond was not a part of the plan. That city is understood to be nearly as strongly fortified as Vicksburg, and only to be taken byregular siege. 2. That Richmond was then defended by only a handful of mil- itia. An intercepted letter from Jefferson Davis to General Lee, dated the 28th of June, the day the last of my troops arrived at the White House, states that there were three brigades in Richmond, and part of Hills division, besides Wises brigade on the east side of the city. These were all regular troops and not militia; there was, in addition, a body of trained artillerists in the intrenchments, the Home Guards, and a convalescent brigade. * See Dix to Halleck, December 15, and reply of December 20, Addenda, Nos. 1 and 2, following; and see, in Part II, expeditions from the White House to South Anna River and Eottoms Bridge, July 1-7 Page 19 Ci~AP. XXXIX.) THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 19 3. That the expedition failed to accomplish the object for which it had been fitted out. The objects of the expedition, as stated in your order, were three- fold: (1) To threaten Richmond; (2) to destroy the railroad bridges over the South and North Anna Rivers, and do the enemy as much damage as possible; and (3) to occupy a large force of the enemy. The first and last of these objects were effectually acconiplished, the second partially, and, I may say, substantially. One of the bridges over the South Anna was destroyed. Although the other was not destroyed, the railroad track between it and Richmond was torn up for a considerable distance, and the bridge at Ashland, on the same road, 11 miles out of Richmond, was completely demolished and burned, as well as the depot at that station. Colonel Spears expedition, sent out under written instructions, was a most successful and creditable one. He destroyed the first-men- tioned bridge and the quartermasters depot at Hanover Station, bringing back 35 army wagons, 700 horses and mules, and General Fitzhugh [W. H. F.] Lee, the son of the rebel general-in-chief, now in confinement at Fort Lafayette as a hostage, and over 100 prisoners. I had only been three days at the White House when my forces were ordered back to re-enforce General Meade. At that time I had completely cut off General Lees communications with Richmond by way of the two railroads crossing the South Anna, and had control of the whole country from the Pamunkey to the Rappahannock. To myself, this correction of a statement, which I am sure is inad- vertent, is of less consequence than to the gallant troops under my command. For their sake I ask permission to give publicity to this letter, or to my report of the expedition, dated the 16th of July last. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN A. DIX, .Miajor-General. (No. 2.) WASHINGTON, December 20, 1863. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. Dix, New York City: GENERAL: Your letter (without date) [December 15], in regard to my official report of November 15, is received. I have not been able to give it an earlier answer. I cannot authorize the publication of this letter, nor of your report, but I presume the latter will be offi- cially published, with other reports, by Congress, as I understana they have all been submitted by the War Department. I very much regret, general, that my report contains anything to which you take exception. I certainly had no intention to reflect upon you, or to find any fault with you as the commanding general of the department. In my opinion, the expedition up the York River did not accomplish the two objects in view, or either of them. You speak of three objects. I think a third~was suggested only in case the others failed. Perhaps I erred in using the word attack instead of threaten; t~o threaten is not necessarily to attack, but it may imply an attack, if the point to be threatened is found open to one. I have no time at present to examine the reports or to discuss the matter. I can only add that, while much disappointment was felt here at what was considered a failure of the expedition, no blam Page 20 [OnAr. XXXIX. 20 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. whatever was attached to you. Perhaps no blame should have been attributed to any one, but I. inferred differently from your own reports and dispatches. In regard to the force then in Richmond, I derived my information from spies and prisoners of war Very respectfully, your o~bedient servant, H. W. HALLECK. (No. 3.) HDQRS. ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH ARMY CoRPs, Lookout Valley, Tenn., January 23, 1864. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE Gommanding Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I find the following most extraordinary statement in the annual report of the General-in-Chief: Our force at Harpers Ferry at this time was supposed to be about 11,000. It was incorrectly represented to General Meade to be destitute of provisions, and tbat he must immediately supply it, or order the abandonment of the place. Accordingly, a few hours after he assumed the command, he assented to an order, draivn up by an officer of General Hookers staff, directing General French to send 7,000 men of the garrison to Frederick, and with the remainder, estimated at 4,000, to remove and escort the public property to Washington. This order, based on erroneous repre- sentations, was not known in Washington until too late to be countermanded. It was, however, not entirely executed when General Meade very judiciously directed the reoccupation of that important point. Although it does not mention me by name, it will be considered by the public that I was the officer alluded to, as I was, before your assuming command, serving as chief of staff to the army under General Hooker, and am now temporarily serving in that capacity with-him, altbpugh at the time alluded to I was no more an officer of General Hookers staff than was Generals Williams, Hunt, Ingalls~ or any of the officers serving on the general staff of that army. Under the presumption that he may allude to me, it is proper, be- fore taking the steps I propose to in the matter, that I should ascer- tain whether the entirely erroneous statement made by the General- in-Chief in the premises is based upon anything he may have received from you officially or otherwise. You will certainly well remember that the garrison had an abun- dance of supplies, and it was so stated by me to you. You will also remember that no order was drawn up until after we had conversed upon the subject, and you had directed the order to be drawn; also that the grounds upon which I advised it were generally, first, that Lees army, to our then certain knowledge, numbered 91,000 infantry, 12,000 cavalry, and about 275 pieces of artillery; that without this garrison, and taking into con~sideration our rapid marches, we should be likely to fall short of that number of infantry; tbat your having an order which gave you control of that garrison would make you responsible, in the event of failure, for not making use of them; that in such an event they would in all probability be required to leave that post; that in the event of success they could be returned at once. You will also doubtless remember that the bringing on of the general battle at Gettysburg sooner than you expected, by Reynolds collision with Hill, and the events that followed, prevented French reaching us in time, and it being determined that he could not reac Page 21 CHAP. XXXIX.3 TIlE GETTYSBfl~If CAMPAIO~N. 21 us, orders were given him for his movements contingent upon our success ~or failure, as the battle would be decided before he could reach us. The telegraphic and other correspondence will show this. I recall these.facts to your recollection, knowing that the duties sud- denly imposed upon you at the time may have caused you, while giving attention to other and more ~pressing duties, to fail to fix de- cidedly in your mind these points. I shall be glad to know, if such is the case, that some other person than myself is alluded to. In conclusion, I would repeat the purpose of this communication, and respectfully and earnestly request a reply at your earliest con- venience as to whether the statement given above, of the General-in- Chief, is based upon anything he may have received from you offi- cially or otherwise. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, DANL. BUTTERFIELD, Major-General. (No. 4.) PHILADELPHIA, February 4, 1864. Maj. Gen. D. BUTTERFIELD, U. S. Vols., Hdqrs. Eleventh and Twelfth Gorps, Lookout Valley, Tenn.: GENERAL: I am in. receipt of your letter of the 23d ultimo. I have never made any official communications to the General-in- Chief upon the subject of the withdrawal of the troops from Harpers Ferry, excepting such as were made at the time. Some time after the battle of Gettysburg, the first time I saw the General-in-Chief, I did in private conversation say to him that my own judgment was in favor of leaving the garrison at Harpers Ferry intact, although I agreed with General Hooker that it was of no im- portance as a crossing-placo of the Potomac River, but I did think it of importance to hold it as a d~bouch~ into the Cumberland Valley; that after much discussion I yielded to your arguments, and directed 4,000 men to be left to garrison Maryland Heights, and the balance, 7,000, to be brought to Frederick to guard the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; that late in the night of the 28th, understanding from you that the supply of subsistence stores with the garrison was limited,~ and that, owing to the difficulty of protecting the canal and railroad, the communications with the place would be precarious, I ordered the abandonment of the place, and detailed the 4,000 men to escort the public property to Washington. This conversation was private, and. was made in explanation of my course, but with no expectation that it would be officially used by the General-in-Chief. You will see from it that I did not repudiate the responsibility of the act, but that I did state that it was based on arguments used by you and information derived from you. I shall greatly regret if my recollection of the facts differ from yours, but it is proper I should state that my recollection is clear and distinct as given above. Respectfully, yours, GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General Page 22 22 N. c., vA., w. VA., Mfl., PA., ETC. tCi~. 2~XXIX~ No. 2. Report of Brig. Gen. Ilermann Ilaupt, U. S. Army, in charge of Military Railway Department. * WASHINGTON,~ D. 0., July 7, 1863. SIR: I submit lierewith a brief report of operations in the Military Railway Department for the last week. On Monday, June 29, acting under Special Orders, No. 286, a copy of which is inclosed, I repaired to Baltimore, intending to join Gen- eral Meade at Frederick, and ascertain the condition and require- ments of the Army of the Potomac. Finding the commnnications broken, both by rail and telegraph, and the road near Sykesville in the possession of the enemy, I con- cluded to proceed to Harrisburg, ascertain the precise condition of affairs, then work my way by some means to General Meade, and inform him what degree of assistance and co-operation he might ex- pect from the Pennsylvania forces. Owing to the interruptions of travel, I proceeded to Harrisburg via Reading, arrived in that city Tuesday evening, spent several hours with Governor Curtin and Col. T. A. Scott, and learned the position of affairs. I had written to the Governor from Falmouth soon after the battle of Chancellorsville, informing him that the en- emy would soon be in Pennsylvania, and made suggestions of means proper to be resorted to to impede his progress and protect the Penn- sylvania Railroad. I found that Colonel Scott had been very active and efficient, and that the Pennsylvania Railfoad had been as well protected as the short time would permit. Very extensive arrangements had been made to procure informa- tion from scouts, and I saw clearly that, instead of attacking Harris- burg, an exceedingly rapid copcentration of the enemys forces had been going on that day, tending toward Gettysburg, evidently de- signed to fall upon and crush in detail the Army of tihe Potomac be- fore it could fully concentrate or its new commander get it full in hand. I at once telegraphed to General Halleck and to General Scheuck, and suggested that an engine be run from Baltimore to Westminster with express, and a mounted courier dispatched to General Meade. The dispatch was received, and it helped to confirm the correctness of information derived from other sources. It came from the rear of the enemy, while other information could only be derived from the front. Wednesday I returned to Baltimore, and proceeded to the Relay House, on Northern Central Railroad. I found the Western Mary- land Railroad entirely without equipment or facilities for the busi- ness to bG thrown immediately upon it. It had no experienced offi- cers, no water stations, sidings, turn-tables, or wood sufficient for a business of exceeding three or four trains per day, while the necessi- ties of the service required thirty trains per day to be passed over it. I had engines and cars sent from Alexandria, with full sets of hands. A train-load of sawed and split wood and a supply of buckets were also forwarded. Tanks were filled by dipping water from the streams, and, with other arrangements required by the circumstances of the case, we were enabled to provide for a transportation of 1,500 tons per day each way. In two days the army was supplied not only with * See also report, September 9, 1863, in Series III Page 23 OHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIG~i. everything required, but with an excess, which has been left for the use of hospitals. The chief quartermaster of the Army of the Potomac informed me that their supplies had at no time become so low that they could not have been stretched over three days, and on Sunday, when the pur- suit of the enemy commenced, they had more than they wished to carry with them After organizing the transportation on the Western Maryland Rail- road, and leaving it in charge of Adna Anderson, esq., the efficient chief engineer of construction, I proceeded to Hanover with a con- struction train; passed over the Littlestown Branch; reconstructed a bridge that had been .broken down; found General Sickles without means-of transportation; arranged to have him sent immediately to Washington; returned to Hanover, and switched off on Gettysburg Branch; proceeded to Oxford, where a large bridge across the Cone- wago had been burned; decided on mode of repair; set the ga~ngs at work; returned to Oxford, and dispatched train to Junction for more men and materials. The next morning I left instructions with foreman, after finishing the Conewago Bridge, to proceed to the next bridge, repair it, and work on to Gettysburg, unless he received word from me that the enemy, who were on the road near Gettysburg the previous afternoon, were still there. I then procured a buggy, and proceeded over the turnpike to Gettysburg, finding no enemy except wounded at the faxm-houses, the last having retreated the previous evening. After about three hours with General Meade and other officers at headquarters, I returned to Oxford, and, after completing the railroad to Gettysburg, returned to Baltimore Sunday night, after a very active week, in which my corps, both in construction and transporta- tion, performed services of very great importance. I am particularly indebted to A. Anderson, esq., chief engineer, for his sound judgment and efficiency; also to J. N. Du Barry, superintendent of Northern Central Railroad, for his active co-operation. I have presented to him, as you directed, the thanks of your Department The construction corps is still at work on the bridges, of the North- ern Central Railroad, of which nineteen were destroyed, and in two days more I expect that communication with Harrisburg will be re- established. I cannot speak in terms of too strong commendation of the corps for construction and transportation. No department of the military service is of more importance than that which is charged with con- structing, re-opening, and maintaining communications and forward- ing supplies. Volunteers have always been ready for any service, however dangerous. At the second battle of Manassas, General Kearny desired me to run a pilot engine over the road, in advance of his troop trains, after a train had been fired upon by a large force of the enemy, and men were found to perform the services without hes- itation. Employ~s of the transportation department have remained at stations long after they had been evacuated by the military in re- treat, and have brought away stores to save them from the enemy. At the battle of Fredericksburg, a small force of carpenters, under E. C. Smeed and G. W. Nagle, superintendents of bridge construction, worked for nearly half a day under fire until their ropes were cut, the pulleys smashed, and the timbers knocked about with shells. A mili- tary force of 200 men, which had been detailed to assist, straggled off soon after the action commenced, not leaving a single man Page 24 24 N. c., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. These men are not in a position to acquire military distinction or rewards, but I would fail in my duty if I omitted to signify to you my high appreciation of the labors, services, courage, and fidelity of the corps for construction and transportation in the department of U. S. Military Railroads, and suggest that some recognition of their services would be a great encouragement to men who so richly de- serve it. Very respectfully submitted. H. HAUPT, In charge of U. S. ]lifilitary Railroads. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. [Inclosure.] SPECIAL ORDERS, HDQRS. OF ARMY, ADCT. GEN.S OFFICE, No. 286. ~ Washington, June 27, 1863. Brig. Gen. H. Haupt, U. S. Volunteers, is hereby authorized and directed to do whatever he may deem expedient to facilitate the trans- portation of troops and supplies to aid the armies in the field in Vir~ ginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. By command of Major-General Halleck: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 3. Report of Medical Inspector John ill. Onyler, U. S. Army. WASHINGTON, D. 0., July 27, 1863. SIR: I arrived at Gettysburg 6n the morning of the 10th of July, forty hours later than I had hoped to do, in consequence of the irreg- ularities and interruptions on the railways leading to that place. Medical Inspector Vollum reached Gettysburg some two or three days in advance of me, and immediately on his arrival made ar- rangements for sending away such of the wounded as were in a con- dition to be moved in~ambulances or on the railroad. Lieutenant- Colonel Vollum had the immediate charge of forwarding the wounded to the general hospitals designated by yourself. In this he was as- sisted by Dr. Osborne, of the Army of the Potomac, a very active and energetic officer. Both of these officers performed the duty assigned them with very great faithfulness and efficiency. I believe the wounded were received at the railroad depot and placed on the cars with as much care, attention, and comfort as was pos~ible under the circumstances. Before the arrival of the fifty ambulances sent from Washington by yourself, our means of conveying the wounded from the field hos- pitals to the railroad depot were inadequate, although I am satisfied that as many ambulances were left by the Army of the Pot6mac as could possibly be spared. The number of medical officers detailed by Medical Director Letterman to remaiu with the wounded was thought to be sufficient, and probably might have been had not thou- sands of the enemys wounded been thrown unexpectedly on our hands. For some days after the battle, many of the rebel wounde Page 25 (IAP. XXXIX.] TrE GETTYSBURG CAMPATGK were in a most deplorable condition, being witliout shelter of any sort, and with an insufficient number of medical officers and nurses of their own army. Every effort was made to alleviate the sufferings of these unfor- tunate men, and as soon as it could be done they were placed under cover or sent away to some general hospital. Our wounded, with some few exceptions, were sheltered within a day or two after the battle, and made as comfortable as circum- stances would permit. The scarcity of straw for bedding was se- riously felt, and it was not until eight or ten days after the conflict that a sufficient quantity could be obtained. As far as my observa- tion extends, the medical officers of the army, and the citizen surgeons who were employed during the emergency, discharged their arduous duties with fidelity and ability. I never saw men work harder and complain less of the difficulties that surrounded them. Through the efficiency of the medical purveyor, Assistant Surgeon [Jeremiah B.] Brinton, his storehouse was rapidly filled with sup- plies suitable for the occasion, and, by an arrangement of your own, a liberal supply of ale and porter is daily furnished to such of the wounded as need them. Up to the 25th instant (the day I left Gettysburg), 15,875 of the wounded had been sent away, and since that time 250 more have been forwarded, amounting in all to 16,125, leaving still at Gettys- burg about 3,500, 3,000 of whom, it is believed, are not in a condi- tion to be moved at present. Those who are obliged to remain will be quartered in a large field hospital established at a suitable place near the town, where I hope they will have all the comfort and re- ceive all the attention and kindness to which they are so justly en- titled. I cannot close this brief report without acknowledging the immense aid afforded by the Sanitary and Christian Commissions. The promptness, energy, and great kindytess uniformly exhibited by these benevolent associations doubtless helped to save the lives of many, and gladdened the hearts of thousands, who, with their friends scat- tered throughout our land, will hold their good and noble deeds in grateful remembrance. To Adams Express we are also greatly indebted for much liberality and kindness extended to the wounded at a time when they were most in need. JOHN M. CUYLER, Medical Inspector, U. S. Army. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM A. HAMMOND, Surgeon-General, U. S. Army. No. 4. Report of Medical Inspector Edward P. Vollum, U. S. Army. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 25, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, pursuant to your or- ders of the 7th July, I proceeded on the same day to Gettysburg, Pa., for the purpose of reporting to Medical Inspector Cuyler, U. S. Army, for duty in connection with the transportation of the wounded a Page 26 26 N. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. ECI~AP. XxXiX. that place. I was detained a few hours, on the 8th, at Hanover, Pa., where I found about 150 wounded, chiefly from Kilpatricks cavalry, under charge of Assistant Surgeon [Penn] Gardner, First [West] Virginia Cavalry. They were comfortably situated in a school-house and in dwellings. The inhabitants had furnished them with bunks, bedding, dressings, utensils, and food in sufficient quan- tity, the people in each street in the town furnishing food, delicacies, nurses, & c., two days at a time. I arrived at Gettysburg about 7 p. m. on the 8th, and in conse- quence of some irregularity or delay in the railroad trains, there were about 2,000 slightly wounded men collected at a point a mile from town, where the trains stopped, without food, shelter, or at- tendance for the night. Fortunately, through the agents of the San- itary Commission, these men were all fed, and some 300 sheltered that night. No system had as yet been adopted for the transporta- tion of the wounded, nor had this beeii possible in the deranged con- dition of the railroad, though Surg. J. P. Osborne, Fourth New Jersey, detailed for this purpose by Surg. H. Janes, U. S. Volun- teers, in charge of the hospitals at Gettysburg, was using his best endeavors to work through the confusion and crowds of wounded with which he was surrounded, and I have to acknowledge the im- portant services of this gentleman until the time of my departure. The railroad authorities were perplexed, and deficient in motive power and rolling stock. The bridges put up since the rebel raids proved too weak excepting for the lightest engines, and for a second time some were carried away by the floods. The telegraph wires were down, and the obstruction to transportation seemed insurmountable until General Haupt arrived and assumed military control of the road to Hanover Junction. We then experienced no further delays till the 18th, when an important bridge on the road to Harrisburg gave way under a cattle train, thus diverting, for the following five days, the trains that were intended for New York to Baltimore and York, Pa. Medical Inspector Cuyler arrived on the 11th, when I reported to him for duty, and, by mutual arrangement, I continued in imme- diate charge of the transportation of the wounded, which confined me to the railroad depot and city of Gettysburg. Every train of wounded was placed in charge of a medical officer detailed by Surg. H. Janes. Instruments, dressings, stimulants, & c., were furnished him, and he was instructed to announce his coming by telegraph, if possible, and to report in person to the medical director at the place of his destination. Each car was filled with a sufficient quantity of hay, and, on the longer routes, water-coolers, tin cups, bed-pans, and urinals were placed in them, and guarded on the route by some agents of the Sanitary Commission. In some instances, these conveniencies were furnished by the medical department, but the demand for them by the hospitals often exhausted the supplies at the purveyors. Be- fore leaving, the wounded were fed and watered by the Sanitary Commission, and often hundreds of wounded, laid over for a night or a part of a day, were attended and fed by the Commission, whose agents placed them in the cars. At Hanover Junction they were again refreshed and fed ~by the Christian Commission. At Baltimore, the agents of several benevolent societies distributed food bountifully to the wounded in the cars immediately on their arrival; and at Harrisburg the Commissary Department had made arrangements for feeding any number likely to pass that way Page 27 TIlE OETTYSBTJRG OAM?AIGN. The following are the numbers and destination of Union and Con- federate wounded sent from Gettysburg up to the 23d; the first 1,462 had left before my arrival: Description. Union do do do do do do do do do do Union do Union Confederate Union Confederate . Union Confederate Union Union Confederate Union Confederate Union do Union Confederate ...do Union do Confederate Union Confederate Union Confederate Union Confederate Union Union Confederate Union Union Confederate Destination. Baltimore do do do do do do do do do do .do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do New York do do York, Pa do Baltimore York, Pa Baltimore York, Pa do do Baltimore York, Pa do New York do do York, Pa Harrisburg New York Harrisburg New York Wounded sent from Gettysburg to 22d instant: Union 7,608. 3,817 Total 11,425 Union wounded sent to Baltimore, in addition to above: From Westminister 2,000 From Littleton 2,000 4,000 Total sent off 15,425 Deduct Confederate woanded 3 817 Total Union wounded sent off 11,608 Union wounded remaining on 22d instant 1,995 TotalUnionwounded ..... 13,603 Confederate wounded sent off 3,817 Confederate wounded remaining on 22d instant 2,922 Total Confederate wounded 6,739 Grandtotalinourhands .... .. .. 2o,342 ~Hi~ XX~XIX.3 Date. 1863. Jnly Train. 5 p.m 7 p.m 7.10 p. m 1.40 p. m 10.35 a. m 5.30 p. m 11 a.m 5.15 p. m 11 a.m 5 p.m 5 p.m 10 a.m 12.15 p. m 5 p.m. 9 a.m 3 p.m 9 a.m 3 p.m 9 a.m 3 p.m 9 a.m 3 p.m 9 a.m 9 a.m 3 p.m 9 a.m 3 p.m 9 a.m 3 p.m 11.30 a. m 4 p.m. 11.80 a. m 4 p.m 7 7 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 1~lo. 164 258 400 640 1,012 1,061 186 620 204 838 76 327 28 142 184 105 438 96 133 259 16 130 176 394 182 37 380 6 60 36 262 20 225 204 80 47 183. 125 350 107 25 198 125 257 141 467 33 158 54 47 154 22 58 11,425 Total per diem. 822 640 2,073 806 618 1,219 504 ~00 605 358 529 705 455 398 712 281 11,42 Page 28 28 Th C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. (CHAP. XXXTX~ To obtain the whole number of wounded of both sides, there must be added those of Chambersburg, Carlisle, Williamsport, and Hagers- town. * * * Before the arrival of Medical Inspector Onyler, as far as my time and opportunities admitted, I endeavored to make up the deficiencies in medical supplies at Gettysburg by telegraphing to Surgeon ~Josiah] Simpson, U. S. Army, at Baltimore. In reply, he ordered liberal supplies of alcohol, solution chloride of soda, tincture of iron, creosote, nitric acid, permanganate of potassa, buckets, tin cups, stretchers, bed-sacks, and stationery of all kinds for 10,000 men in field hospitals. On the day after my arrival, the demand for stationery, disinfectants, iodine, tincture of iron, and some other articles was so great and immediate, that I purchased them in Gettysburg, and sent the bills to the quartermaster there for payment. Very respectfully, your obedient servant EDW. P. VOLLUM, Hedicat Inspector, U. S. Army. The SURGEON-GENERAL U. S. ARMY. P.. S.I neglected to comment in the proper place upon the utter indifference manifested by the railroad companies toward the suffer- ings and wants of our wounded at Gettysburg, Pa. I allude to those over whose roads our mangled soldiers traveled to various points from Gettysburg. The period of ten days following the battle of Gettysburg was the occasion of the greatest amount of human suffer- ing known to this nation since its birth, and, as was natural and un- avoidable among a Christian people, benevolent societies, Sanitary and Christian Commissions, express companies, fire organizations, bands of generous people of all denominations, and individuals from great distances, all came forward with their offerings, sympathy, and personal services, forming a spectacle at once touching and magnifi- cent, exceeding any similar outburst of sympathy and sacrifice ever witnessed. The railroad companies, who got the only profit of the battle, and who had the greatest opportunities of ameliorating the sufferings of the wounded, alone stood aloof and rendered no aid. Their trains were allowed to go off without a single individual at- tached to them in any way authorized to minister to the wounded. There was no check-line or means of stopping the train in case of necessity; no way provided for passing from car to car. The cars ordinary stock and freight carswere always unclean; no one con- nected with the companies to clean them; the dung of cattle and litter from freight often remaining to be removed by any extem- porized means at hand. There was no water, or vessels to contain it, no lanterns, no strawabsolutely nothing but the bare cars, filthy from the business of transporting freight and cattle. The only agents of the railroad companies that appeared upon this memor- able scene were those sent especially to look after their pecuniary in- terests, and I can testify to their zeal in getting the actual numbers transported and securing the proper certificates therefor, but beyond this they did nothing Page 29 CHAP. XXXIX.] TILE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIG~f. No. 5. Reports of ]JIaj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Potomac, of operations June 327, and correspond- ence with the authorities in Washington, etc. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 4, 1863. (Received 9.50 a. in.) Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: It has this moment been reported to me that several of the enemys camps were removed during last night. Shall be able to determine the direction shortly if this should be found to be the case. JOSEPH HOOKER, JtIiajor-General. JUNE 4, 1863. (Received 12 in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, & C., Washington: Following received from General Buford, June 4: Nothing noteworthy to report. Yesterday Colonel Duffi& s pickets reported enemy crossing in considerable force at Sulphur Springs. Preparations made to welcome them, but they did not come. Country and river, as high up as Orleans, New Bal- timore, and Thoroughfare Gap, visited yesterday and last night. Nothing was seen or heard. JNO. BUFORD. The movements of the enemy in our front do not indicate what their purpose or object may be. Has General Dixs force moved to White House or beyond there? His position, strength, and move- ments may govern or influence the enemy somewhat. I should like to be fully advised. JOSEPH HOOKER, llliajor- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 4, 1863. (Received 6.20 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Following from one of our scouts: I heard from at least three different parties, who I know had the means of obtain- ing the correct information, that General Jones had come from the Shenandoah Valley; that his headquarters were either in Rappahannock or Culpeper, and not very far distant from Culpeper Court-House, and that this information was obtained from some of his cavalry whose homes were in Fauquier, and who had been over to see their friends. DANL. BUTTERFIELD, lJfajor-General. (Copy to Secretary of War. Page 30 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Cn.& p. XXXIX. JUNE 5, 186311.30 a. m. His Excellency THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Yesterday morning appearances indicated that during the night the enemy had broken up a few of his camps and abandoned them. These changes were observed on the right of his line, in the vicinity of Hamiltons Crossing. So far as I was enabled to judge, from all my means of information, it was impossible for me to determine sat- isfactorily whether this movement had merely been a change of campsthe enemy had moved in the direction of Richmond or up the riverbut, taken in connection with the fact that some deserters came in from the divisions of Hood and Pickett, I concluded that those divisions had been brought to the front from their late positions at Gordonsville and Taylorsville, and that this could be for no other purpose but to enable the enemy to move up the river, with a view to the execution of a movement similar to that of Lees last year. He must either have it in mind to cross the Upper Potomac, or to tbrow his army between mine and Washington, in case I am correct in my conjecture. To accomplish either, he must have been greatly re-en- forced, and if making this movement, the fair presumption is that he has been by the troops from Charleston. Of this I have no evidence further than that furnished me by Major-General Dix, that they had come to Richmond. This morning some more of their camps have disappeared. The picket line along the river is preserved, and as strong as ever. General Buford, with three divisions of cavalry and ten pieces of artillery, is on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and yesterday was along the river beyond Sulphur Springs, and reports no enemy. As I am liable to be called on to make a movement with the utmost promptitude, I desire that I may be informed as early as practicable of the views of the Government concerning this army. Under instructions from the major-general commanding the army, dated January 31, I am instructed to keep in~ view always the impor- tance of covering Washington and Harpers Ferry, either directly or by so operating as to be abie to punish any force of the enemy sent against them. In the event the enemy should move, as I almost an- ticipate he will, the head of his column will probably be headed to- ward the Potomac, via Gordonsville or Culpeper, while the rear will rest on Fredericksburg. After giving the subject my best reflection, I am of opinion that it is my duty to pitch into his rear, although in so doing the head of his column may reach Warrenton before I can return. Will it be within the spirit of my instructions to do so? In view of these contemplated movements of the enemy, I cannot too forcibly impress upon the mind of His Excellency the President the necessity of having one commander for all of the troops whose operations can have an influence on those of Lees army. Under the present system, all independent commanders are in ignorance of the movements of the others; at least such is my situation. I trust that I may not be considered in the way to this arrangement, as it is a position I do not desire, and only suggest it, as I feel the necessity for concert as well as vigorous action. It is necessary for me to say this much that my motives may not be misunderstood, JOSEPH HOOKER, Page 31 TUE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. CHAP. XXXIX.] 31 WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, June 5, 18633 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Falmouth, Va.: Prisoners and deserters brought in here state that Stuart is pre- paring a column of from 15,000 to 20,000 men, cavalry and artillery, for a raid. They say it will be ready in two or three days. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. Major-General HOOKER: WASHINGTON, June 5, 18634 p. m. Yours of to-day was received an hour ago. So much of profes- sional military skill is requisite to answer it, that I have turned the task over to General Halleck. He promises to perform it with his utmost care. I have but one idea which I think worth suggesting to you, and thaf is, in case you find Lee coming to the north of the Rap- pahannock, I would by no means cross to the south of it. If he should leave a rear force at Fredericksburg, tempting you to fall upon it, it would fight in intrenchments and have you at disadvant- age, and so, man for man, worst you at that point, while his main force would in some way be getting an advantage of you northward. In one word, I would not take any risk of being entangled upon the river, like an ox jumped half over a fence and liable to be torn by dogs front and rear, without a fair chance to gore one way or kick the other. If Lee would come to my side of the river, I would keep on the same side, and fight him or act on the defense, according as might be my estimate of his strength relatively to my own. But these are mere suggestions, which I desire to be controlled by the judgment of yourself and General Halleck. A. LINCOLN. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 5, 18634.40 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Falmouth, Va.: The President has directed me to reply to your telegram to him of 10 a. m. to-day. My instructions of January 31,* which were then shown to the President, left you entirely free to act as circumstances, in your judgment, n4ght require, with the simple injunction to keep in view the safety of Washington and Harpers Ferry. In regard to the contingency which you suppose may arise of General Lees leav- ing a part of his forces in Fredericksburg, while, with the head of his column, he moves by Gordonsville or Culpeper toward the Po- tomac, it seems to me that such an operation would give you great advantages upon his flank to cut him in two, and fight his divided forces. Would. it not be more advantageous to fight his movable column first, instead of first attacking his intrenchments, with your own forces separated by the Rappahannock? Moreover, you are aware that the troops under General Heintzelman are much less than the number recommended by all the boards for the defenses of Wash- * See Series I, Vol. XXV, Part II, p. 1~ Page 32 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. ington. Neither this Capital nor Harpers Ferry could long hold out against a large force. They must depend for their security very much upon the co-operation of your army. It would, therefore, seem perilous to permit Lees main force to move upon the Potomac while your army is attacking an intrenched position on the other side of the Rappahannock. Of course your movements must depend in a great measure upon those made by Lee. There is another contin- gency not altogether improbablethat Lee will seek to hold you in check with his main force, while a strong force will be detached for a raid into Maryland and Pennsylvania. The main force of the enemy in North Carolina have probably come north, but I think all available troops in South Carolina and Georgia have been sent to re-enforce Johnston in Mississippi. Such is the information here. General Heintzelman and General Dix are instructed to telegraph directly to you all the movements which they may ascertain or make. Direction~ have also been given to forward military information. which may be received from General Scheilcks command. Any movements you may suggest of troops in these commands will be ordered, if deemed practicable. Lee will probably move light and rapidly. Your movable force should be prepared to do the same. The foregoing views are approved by the President. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 5, 1863. (Received 6.45 p. in.) Hon. E. M. STANTON Secretary of War: The following is a dispatch which has been received from Briga- dier-General Buford, commanding at Warrenton Junction: WARRENTON JUNcTIoN, June 5, 1863. Col. A. J. ALEXANDER, - Assistant Adjutant-General: I have just received information, which I consider reliable, that all the available cavalry force of the Confederacy is in Culpeper County. Stuart, the two Lees, [B. H.] Robertson, [A. G.] Jenkins, and [W. E.] Jones are all there. Robertson came from North Carolina, Jenkins from Kanawlia, and Jones from the Valley. Jones arrived at Culpeper after the others, on the 3d. Since the Chancellorsville fight, their cavalry has been very much increased from the infantry; 800 Texans, from Hoods command, have been recently mounted on horses from Richmond. My informant, a refugee from Madison County, says that Stuart has 20,000. Cant tell his intentions, but thinks he is going to make a raid. JNO. BUFORD, Brigadier-General. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. JUNE 5, 18639.15 p. m. (Received 9.45.) His Excellency THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Mr. PRESIDENT: I should very much like to have Captain [Tred- well] Moore ordered to this army. Since writing this morning, I concluded to make a demonstration on the enemy by throwing a couple of bridges across the river at~ Franklins Crossing, and to learn, if possible. what the enemy ar Page 33 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 33 about. As soon as we got to work, they began to assemble in great numbers from all quarters, and the more remote are still arriving. I took about 50 prisoners, and they report that the changes re- marked in their camps proceeded from the reorganization of their army, and the assignments of them to new camps. All of Long- street s command are now with Lee, but no part of the Charleston forces: They have no infantry force higher up the Rappahannock than its junction with the Rapidan. Their cavalry is assembled around Culpeper, but the threat to make a crossing may cause them to return. I shall keep my bridges down a few days. JOSEPH HOOKER, Jlliajor- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 6, 18633 p. m. (Received 3.30 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: As the accumulation of the heavy rebel force of cavalry about Cul- peper may mean mischief, I am determined, if practicable, to break it up in its incipiency. I. shall send all my cavalry against th~em, stiffened by about 3,000 infantry. It will require until the morning of the 9th for my forces to gain their positions, and at daylight on that day it is my intention to attack them in their camps. As many of my cavalry are still unserviceable from the effects of Stonemans raid, I am too weak to cope with the numbers of the enemy if as large as represented. It would add much to my efficiency if some of Stahels forces could advance, and hold the fords at ]3everly and Sulphur Springs some time during the forenoon of the 9th. If this should be done, I desire that the officer in command should not be informed of the object of his march, but merely to hold these fords. It is next to impossible to confine information to its proper limits. I have 2,500 sabers on a reconnaissance to-day in the vicinity of Jefferson. Jones brigade, which has been hovering about Milroy all winter, numbering 1,600, is among them; also an additional brigadQ from North Carolina.. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. JUNE 6, 18638 p. m. (Received 8.45 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: I request that I may be informed whether or not I am to receive assistance in my attack on the rebel forces at Culpeper from any por- tion of Major-General Heintzelmans forces, and, if so, what? JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. JUNE 9, 186312 m. (Received u p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: Brigadier-General Pleasonton reports that, after a severe encounter with the rebel cavalry over the Beverly Ford, he has not been able to make head against it. He reports that his movement was antici- pated. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. 3 R RvoL Xxvii, PT Page 34 34 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. HEADQUARTERS A~RMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 9, 18631 p. m. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. Dix, Fort Monroe, Va.: We liave reliable information that Picketts division, which was lately at Taylorsville, near Hanover Junction, has come up this way and gone toward the Rapidan. Hoods division preceded it in the same direction. We have also reason to believe that the available troops have been withdrawn from Richmond this way, leaving it nearly if not wholly unoccupied. The country between Fredericksburg and Richmond and below the right flank of Lees army, which extends only 5 miles below the city, is open and unoccupied, excepting by small bodies and a force which has just gone down on account of a false alarm made by us in that direction. The Thirtieth Virginia alone is left near Hanover Junc- tion. It is a weak regiment. Our scouts penetrate to Hanover Junction, and we believe the above reliable from previously reported information confirming it, and the character of the scouts. The movements in your dfrection have been countermanded, probably by my demonstrations. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. (Copy to Major-General Halleck. Received 6.40 p. in.) JUNE 10, 18632.30 p. m. (Received 5.10 p. in.) His Excellency the PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Mr. PRESIDENT: General Pleasonton, by telegram forwarded to the major-general commanding the army this morning, reports that he had an affair with the rebel cavalry yesterday near Brandy Station, which resulted in crippling him so much that he will have to aban- don his contemplated raid into Maryland, which was to have started this morning. I am not so certain that the raid will be abandoned from this cause. It may delay the departure a few ~ys. I shall leave the cavalry, which is all that I have mounted, where they are, near Bealeton, with instructions to resist the passage of the river by the enemys forces. If to effect this he should bring up a considerable force of infantry, that will so much weaken him in my front that I have good reason to believe that I can throw a sufficient force over the river to com- pel the enemy to abandon his present position. If it should be the intention to send a heavy column of infantry to accompany the cav- alry on the proposed raid, he can leave nothing behind to interpose any serious obstacle to my rapid advance on Richmond. I am not satisfied of his intention in this respect, but from certain movements in their corps I cannot regard it as altogether improbable. If it should be found to be the case, will it not promote the true interest of the cause for me to march to Richmond at once? From there all the disposable part of this army can be thrown to any threatened point north of the Potomac at short notice, and, until they can reach their destination, a sufficiency of troops can be collected to check, if not to stop, his invasion. If left to operate from my own judgment, with my present information, I do not hesitate to say that I should adopt this course as being the most speedy and certain mode of giv- ing the rebellion a mortal blow. I desire that you will give it you Page 35 e1~AP. XXXIX.] TIlE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 35 reflection. At present the enemy has one corps of infantry at Gor- donsville, with the advance at Culpeper, with the manifest tendency of other corps to drift in that direction. I now have two bridges across the Rappahannock, ready to spring over the river below Fred- ericksburg, and it is this, I believe, that causes the enemy to hesitate in moving forward. Major-General Dix informs me that he intends moving two cob umns up James River to-morrow; but if organized to correspond in numbers to the troops as they have of late been posted, neither col- umn will be successful. The one on the north side of the river will be too small, and on the south side, with his whole column, I ques- tion if Richmond can be taken at all, provided 2,000 or 3,000 men could be assembled to defend it. The columns should unite at City Point, or below, and move on the north bank of that river. From information, which I deem reliable, the only troops remain- ing in Richmond is the provost-guard, 1,500, and all the troops be- tween here and there are brought well to the front. It would be of incalculable service to this army to be transferred to some more remote point from Washington and Alexandria. The stampedes in those towns, gotten up, no doubt, by people in the rebel interest, have their influence on my men, for many of them have ri,o means of knowing whether they are with or without cause. They think there must be some fire where there is so much smoke. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. WASHINGTON, June 10, 18636.40 p. m. Major-General HOOKER: Your long dispatch of to-day is just received. If left to me, I would not go south of Rappahannock upon Lees moving north of it. If you had Richmond invested to-day, you would not be able to take it in twenty days; meanwhile your communications, and with them your army, would be ruined. I think Lees army, and not Richmond, is your sure objective point. If he comes toward the Upper Poto- mac, follow on his flatik and on his inside track, shortening your lines while he lengthens his. Fight him, too, when opportunity effers. If he stays where he is, fret him and fret him. A. LINCOLN. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 11, 186312.40 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: The President has just referred to me your telegram and his reply of yesterday, with directions to say to you whether or not I agree with him. I do so fully. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 11, 18639 p. m. (Received 10.30 p. in.) Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK: I have just been reliably informed that Pettigrews and Darnells [Davis] brigades from North Carolina are in Heths division, nea Page 36 $36 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. Hamiltons Crossing. I have no information concerning the residue of the forces drawn from North Carolina. A. P. Hills corps is on the right, opposite to Franklins Crossing; Ewells is in rear of Fredericksburg, and Longstreets corps and the ~cavalry are at Culpeper I have to-day dispatched the Third Cor?s to picket the river from Meades right, at Kellys Ford, to Bever y Ford, in order to relieve the cavalry in aid of Pleasonton, who is looking after the district of country from Beverly to Sulphur Springs. Pleasonton is weak in Cavalry compared with the enemy. JOSEPH HOOKER, iJicijor- General. JUNE 12, 18637 a. m. (Received 8.40 a. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: It is reported to me from the balloon that several new rebel camps have made their appearance this morning. There can be no doubt Iut that the enemy has been greatly re-enforced. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 12, 18638.30 a. m. (Received 8.45 a. in.) Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: General Pleasonton, without additional cavalry, I fear will not be able to prevent the rebel cavalry from turning his right. I have not been able to ascertain his precise strength, but know that it is near 7,500, while that of the enemy is certainly not less than 10,000. He now pickets beyond Sulphur Springs. He will, however, do the best he can. If he should be turned, you will perceive that I shall be con- strained to abandon th~ Aquia Creek line of operations. JOSEPH HOOKER, lliliajor-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 12, 18631.15 p. m. (Received 1.40 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Learning that the enemy had massed his cavalry near Culpeper for the purpose of a raid, I dispatched General Pleasonton to attack him on his own ground. General Pleasonton crossed the Rappahan- nock on the 9th, at Beverly and Kellys Fords, attacked the enemy, and drove him 3 miles, capturing over 200 prisoners and one battle- flag. This, in the face of vastly superior numbers, was only accom- plished by hard and desperate fighting by our cavalry, for which they deserve much credit. Their morale is splendid. They made many hand-to-hand combats, always driving the enemy before them~ JOSEPH HOOKER, Mc~jor-General Page 37 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 37 WASHINGTON, D. 0., June 12, 18631.30 p. in. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: There is no possibility of sending you more cavalry. Horses will be sent as fast as they can be procured. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief.. EXECUTIVE MANSION, June 12, 18632 p. in. Major-General HOOKER: If you can show me a trial of the incendiary shells on Saturday night, I will try to join you at 5 p. in. that day. Answer. A. LINCOLN. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 12, 18636.20 p. m. (Received 7 p. in.) ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President 8f the United States: If I am not very much mistaken, I shall be constrained to move my army on to the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. before that time. I have three corps near there at this time. I presume that General Halleck showed you my dispatch of this morning; also please see copy of my dispatch to General Dix of to.. day. JOSEPH HOOKER, liiliajor- General. JUNE 129 p. in. His Excellency the PRESIDENT: At the time of my reply to your telegram of to-day, I supposed that this was Thursday and not Friday. It will give me great pleasure to have the gun on exhibition at 5 p. in. to-morrow. I have some good targets in the shape of rebel camps which the gun will enfilade. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. WASHINGTON, June 13, 186311.30 a. in. Major-General HOOKER: I was coming down this afternoon, but if you prefer I should not, I shall blame you if you do not tell me so. A. LINCOLN, President. JUNE 13, 1863. The PRESIDENT: Mr. PRESIDENT: It may be well not to come. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-Genera Page 38 38 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. JLTNE 13, 18637 p. m. (Received 7.45 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: All my sonrces of information confirm the statement that Long- streets and Ewells corps have passed through Culpeper and Sperry- yule, toward the Valley. The instructions of the President, approved by yourself, and your original letter of instructions, compel me, in view of ~this movement of the enemy, to transfer the operatioiis of this army from the line of the Aquia to the Orange and Alexandria Rail- road. Accordingly, directions have been given for the First, Third, Fifth, and Eleventh Corps to rendezvous at Manassas Junction with the cavalry. The Second, Sixth, and Twelfth, with the Reserve Ar- tillery, after covering the withdrawal of Government property from depots, have been directed to march to Dumfries, and from thence to be governed by the movements of the enemy, the object being to bring the two wings together as far in advance on that line as the movements of the enemy will justify. The corps will be withdrawn from their positions on the river to-night, the line being held by pickets until the proper time arrives for their withdrawal. To-morrow p. in. my headquarters will be at Dnmfries. JOSEPH HOOKER, ]Iliajor- General. WASHINGTON, June 14, 18631.14 p. in. Major-General HOOKER: at Do you consider it possible that 15,000 of Ewells men can now be Winchester? A. LINCOLN. DUMFRIES, June 14, 18635 p. in. Major-General HALLECK: At 3 -p. in. Major-General Hancock informs me that the rebel troops opposite Franklins Crossing are moving up the river, on the Plank road, in a continuous column. Major-General Hancock covers the withdrawal of the forces and property at that point. No effort Ihas been made to force the passage of the Rappahannock, excepting at Banks Ford. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. DUMFRIES, June 14, 18635.30 p. in. (Received 5.40 p. in.) lion. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: Have received dispatch from General Milroy, dated yesterday. Will act on it as soon as I can hear from the column on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. Instructions were given for Thorough- fare Gap to be taken possession of and held by my cavalry last night. If the enemy should be making for Maryland, I will make the best dispositions in my power to come up with him. You may rely upon his being in great force wherever he is. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General Page 39 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 39 WASHINGTON, June 14, 18635.30 p. m. Major-General HOOKER: So far as we can make out here, the enemy have Milroy sur- rounded at Winchester and Tyler at Martinsburg. If they could hold out a few days, could you help them? If the head of Lees army is at Martinsburg and the tail of it on the Plank road between Fredericksburg and Chancellorsyille, the animal must be very slim somewhere. Could you not break him? A. LINCOLN. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 14, 18637.10 p. m. The PRESIDENT: In answer to your dispatch concerning General Ewell, I must re- fer you to that of General Pleasonton, dated 6.03 p. m. to-day. * JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. DUMFRIES, June 14, 18638.30 p. m. (Received 9 p. in.) Mr. PRESIDENT: I have reason to believe that Longstreets and the greater part of Ewells corps marched from Culpeper, on the Sperryville road, on Sunday last [7th], and that a column, which occupied four hours in passing, followed on Thursday. If this was the case, the head of the column has had time to reach Winchester, and if it is a movement for invasion, it is a fair presumption to con- clude that the bulk of his cavalry is with him. The enemy has in this column not less than between 70,000 and 80,000 men. A. P. Hills corps, of about 30,000, is still on the south side of the Rappa- hannock, and General Hancock has just informed me that present appearances indicate that he intends to force the passage of the river in the morning. His troops have all been halted at and below Banks Ford. My trains are all this side of Stafford Court-House, and the public property, I am informed, will be removed from Aquia to- morrowthe sick to-night. The First Corps is at Kettle Run; the Second on the Rappahan- nock; the Third and Fifth at Catletts Station; the Sixth at Potomac Creek; the Eleventh at Centreville; and the Twelfth at Dumfries to-night. The Second will probably withdraw, the First march to iVilanassas, and the Sixth to Stafford Court-House during the night. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- GeneraL DIJMFRIES, June 14, 186311.15 p. m. (Received 11.30 p. in.) His Excellency the PRESIDENT: Has anything further been heard from Winchester? Will the President allow me to inquire if it is his opinion that Winchester is surrounded by the rebel forces? I mike this inquiry for the reason that General [I. R.] Trimble was recently assigned, in orders, to the * See Pleasonton to Hooker, June 14, Part III, p. 101 Page 40 40 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. XXXIX. command of that district, and it is not known what command he had, unless his old one, which had Louisiana regiments iji it, and it was in Jacksons, now Ewells, corps. I do not feel like making a move for an enemy until I am satisfied as to his whereabouts. To pro- ceed to Winchester and have him make his appearance elsewhere, would subject me to ridicule. With this feeling, unless otherwise directed, I feel it my duty to proceed to execute the movement indi- cated on yesterday. I will not, however, issue my order of march until the last moment, in the hope that further information may be received. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. * WASHINGTON, June 14, 186311.55 p. m. (Received June 15,12.35 a.m.) Major-General HOoKER: Yours of 11.30 [11.15] just received. You have nearly all the ele- ments for forming an opinion whether Winchester is surrounded that I have. I really fear, almost believe, it is. No communication has been had with it during the day, either at Martinsburg or Har- pers Ferry. At 7 p. m. we also lost communication with Martins- burg. The enemy had also a~eared there some hours before. At 9 p. m. Harpers Ferry said t e enemy was reported at Berryville and Smithfield. If I could know that Longstreet and Ewell moved in that direction so long ago as you stated in your last, then I should feel sure that Winchester is strongly invested. It is quite certain that a considerable force of the enemy is thereabout, and I fear it is an overwhelming one compared with Milroys. I am unable to give you any more certain opinions. A. LINCOLN. WASHINGTON, June 14, 186312 midnight. Major-General H~OKER, Dumfries: No doubt is entertained here that Milroy is surrounded at Win- chester, and so closely invested that no scout or other information has been had from him later than 11 oclock Saturday night. Tyler was also surrounded to-day at Martinsburg. Jenkins was there, and demanded the surrender of the place. Heavy firing was heard in that vicinity until 7 oclock, and then ceased. The telegraphic communi- cation was broken at the same time, and nothing is known here of the result. The report here is that Ewells force is at Winchester; this comes from Milroy by the last dispatch sent by him, Saturday night, to General Scheuck. Your dispatch has been sent to the President, who will probably reply soon. EDWIN M. STANTON. DUMFrnEs, June 15, 1863~9.15 a. m. Major-General HALLECK: The First, Third, Sixth, and Eleventh Corps, with the cavalry, will be assembled at Manassas and Centreville to-night. They have i Page 41 IL& P. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGTh 41 structions to replenish their forage and rations, which I trust they will be able to do to-day. The Second Corps will be at Dumfries, th. Sixth at Wolf Run Shoals, and the Twelfth at Fairfax Court-HousQ to-night. Major-General Hancock reports that the rebel forces about Fred- ericksburg have moved in the direction of Culpeper this morning. To-night my headquarters will be at Fairfax Station. If your in- formation from the U p per Potomac should be of a character to justify a movement in that direction, I request that I may be informed of it at the earliest practicable moment. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. DUMFRIES, June 15, 186310.20 a. m. G~neral HALLECK: Two of our best scouts returned from the interior, above Fred- ericksburg, yesterday (Sunday) morning. They report A. P. Hill, with sixty guns and 20,000 men, left on the heights about Fredericks- burg. On Saturday p. m. 4,Q00 of this force moved toward Cul- peper. On the same day, General Lees headquarters were on thQ Lacy farm, between Brandy Station and Culpeper Court-House. Citizens say that the cavalry expedition was intended for Alexan- dria, while Lee was to go up the Valley. They believe that a great cavalry raid is now given up, as the cavalry is divided, a consider- able part being still near Brandy Station. The passage of the in- fantry is traced across the Hazel River. The Richmond papers of the 13th blame Stuart much for allowing himself to be surprised in his camp by Pleasonton, and call upon him to do something to retrieve his reputation. Anxiety expressed concerning the movements on the Peninsula. Will send the papers to you. DANL. BUTTERFIELD Mctjor-General, Chi ef of Staff. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 15, 186312.50 p. m~ Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: No information of enemy in direction of Winchester and Harpers Ferry as late as that from General Pleasonton. * The forces at Mar- tinsburg are arriving at Harpers Ferry. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 15, 18632 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: Garrison of Martinsburg has arrived at Harpers Ferry. Milroy~ did not obey orders given on the 11th to abandon Winchester and. *See Pleasonton to Stanton, June 15, Part III, p. 115 Page 42 42 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHip. XXXIX. probably has or will be captured. Harpers Ferry ought to hold out some time. Pleasontons telegrams to you contain all the informa- tion we have of the euemys movements. They are very Contradic- tory. Your army is entirely free to operate as you desire against Lees army, so long as you keep his main army from Washington. It is believed that Longstreet and Stuart are crossing the Potomac above and below Harpers Ferry. They certainly should be pursued. -The force used for that purpose must depend upon your information of the movements or position of the remainder of Lees army. Lees- burg seems about the best point to move on first. The information j sent here by General Pleasonton is very unsatisfactory. His sug- gestions to send batteries from here to the mouth of the Monocacy cannot be adopted. * If we had them to send, they would only be lost. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 15, 18634.05 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: General iWeigs is appre.hensive that you have not allowed time enough to withdraw material from Aquia Creek. Please prevent such wanton and wasteful destruction of public property as took place when Burnside withdrew from there last year. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. JUNE 15, 1863. His Excellency the PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Only two Louisiana brigades in rebel army here. [H. T.] Hays brigade, in Earlys division, has the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Louisiana. Prisoners from them would indicate the pres- ence of Ewells whole corps. [F. T.] Nicholls brigade, in Trim les division, has the First, Second, Tenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Louisiana. Prisoners from them would not indicate as above, as Trimble has lately been appointed to command the Valley District. Jenkins and ImbOden have been in the Valley some time, and their forces are inconsiderable. Trimbles division is under 8,000. JOSEPH HOOKER, iiifajor-General, Commanding. 0 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, - Fairfax Station, June 15, 18636.30 p. m. (Received 7.30 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: I have left a brigade at Aquia, and ordered them tQ hold it until further orders. I apprehend no danger there. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. * See Pleasonton to Stanton, Part III, p. 115 Page 43 ~IHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 43 WASHINGTON, June 16, 18638.30 p. m. (Received 9.15 p. in.) Major-General HooKER, Fairfax Station: The facts are now known here that Winchester and Martinsburg were both besieged yesterday. The troops from Martinsburg have got into Harpers Ferry without loss. Those from Winchester are also in, having lost in killed, wounded, and missing about one-third of their number. Of course, the enemy holds both places, and I think the report is authentic that he is crossing the Potomac at Williams- port. We have not heard of his yet appearing at Harpers Ferry or on the river anywhere below. I would like to hear from you. A. LINCOLN. FAIRFAX STATION, June 15, 1863. His Excellency the PRESIDENT, Washington: Your telegram of 8.30 p. m. received. It seems to disclose the in- tentions of the enemy to make an invasion, and, if so, it is not in my power to prevent it. I can, however, make an effort to check him until he has concentrated all his forces. Ii may possibly be able to prevent the junction, and commence the movement during to-morrow. On so short reflection, I am not prepared to say this is the wisest move, nor do I know that my opinion on this subject is wanted. A. P. Hill moved up toward Culpeper this morning, indicating his in- tention to re-enforce their forces on the Upper Potomac. JOSEPH HOOKER, ]iifajor- General, Commanding. JUNE 15, 186310 p. m. His Excellency the PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Your dispatch, 8.30, received. My dispatch to General Halleck this morning shows my position to-night With regard to the enemy, your dispatch is more conclusive than any I have received. I now feel that invasion is his settled purpose. If so, he has more to ac- complish, but with more hazard, by striking an easterly direction after crossing than a northerly one. It seems to me that he will be more likely to go north, and to incline to the west. He can have no design to look after his rear. It is an act of desperation on his part, no matter in what force he moves. It will kill copperheadism in the North. I do not know that my opinion as to the & uty of this army in the case is ~ auted; if it should be, you know that I will be happy to give it. I have heard nothing of the movements of the enem to- a excepting that he has not attempted to follow me across the Rappa- haunock. I have only heard that all of A. P. I-Jills forces moved up the river this morning, in the direction of Culpeper. If it should be determined for me to make a movement in pursuit, which I am not prepared to recommend at this time, I may possibly be able to move some corps to-morrow, and can reach the point of the enemys cross- ing in advance of A. P. Hill. If I should move at once, he would probably wait until his forces are concentrated. If they are movin Page 44 44 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [OHM. XXXIX. toward Maryland, I can better fight them there than make a running fight. If they come up in front of Washington, I can threaten and cut their communications, and Dix can be re-enforced from the south to act on their rear. I could not sit still and have them turn my right. My sources of information could not successfully cover such an extent of country as their movements indicate. I add these as suggestions for your consideration. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Fairfax Station, June 15, 1863Midnight. (Received June 16,1.15 a.m.) His Excellency the PRESIDENT: I have received your dispatch of this evening. The Army of the Potomac is in this vicinity, excepting the Second and Sixth Corps, and, as they are marching in rear of all the trains, they will not be up before some time to-morrow. Perhaps the Second Corps will not be here until some time during to-morrow night. The First and Eleventh Corps were first to arrive on this line, but I have not yet learned whether they have drawn their supplies in readiness to march to-morrow morning or not. As soon as they are provided, they, as well as the others, will be put en route. I have been informed that the enemy nowhere crossed the Rap- pahannock on our withdrawal from it, but General Hills troops moved up the river in the direction of Culpeper this morning, for the purpose, I conclude, of re-enforcing Longstreet and Ewell, wherever they may be. I request that I may be informed what troops there are at Harpers Ferry, and who is in command of them, and also who is in command in this district. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. FAIRFAX STATION, June 16, 18637 a. m. (Received 8.35 a. in.) His Excellency President LINCOLN: It appears to me from General Couchs dispatch of last night, ~ re- ceived this u. in., that nearly all the cavalry of the Army of the Po- tomac should at once be sent into Maryland by the most direct route. General Stahel has an abundance to perform all cavalry duty that will be required south of the Potomac. I merely make the sugges- tion. If any considerable body of enemys infantry should be thrown across the Potomac, they will probably take the direction of his ad- vance pickets, and iii that event it seems to me that a heavy column of ours should be thrown as speedily as possible across the river at Harpers Ferry, while another should be thrown over the most direct line covering Baltimore and Philadelphia. I only speak with ref er- ence to this army, as I know nothing of the location or numbers of troops at the disposal of the Government elsewhere. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. *See Part III, p. 131 Page 45 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 45 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Fairfax Station, Jnne 16, 186311 a. m. Ills Excellency ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President, & c.: Please accept my suggestions in regard to what should be done in the spirit with which they were given. They were suggestions ~ merely, for I have not the data necessary to form an enlightened opinion on the case. Upon general principles, I thought those were the movements to make. You have long been aware, Mr. President, that I have not enjoyed the confidence of the major-general commanding the army, and I can assure you so long as this continues we may look in vain for suc- cess, especially as future operations will require our relations to be more dependent upon each other than heretofore. It may be possible now to move t~ prevent a junction of A. P. Hills corps with those of Ewell and Longstreet. If so, please let instructions to that effect be given me. As will appear to you, the chances for my doing this are much smaller than when I was on the Rappahannock, for, if he should hold the passes stoutly, he can cause me delay. You may depend upon it, we can never discover the whereabouts of the enemy, or divine his intentions, so long as he fills the country with a cloud Qf cavalry. We must break through that to find him. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 16, 186311.30 a. m. Major-General HOOKER, Fairfax Station: I do not think there is reliable information that the enemy has crossed the Potomac in any force. Where his main corps are, is still uncertain, and I know of no way to ascertain, excepting through your cavalry, which should be kept near enough to the enemy to at least be able to tell where he is. My suggestion of yesterday, to follow the enemys advance, by moving a considerable force first to Lees- burg, and thence as circumstances may require, is the best one I can make. Unless your army is kept near enough to the enemy to ascer- tain his movements, yours must be in the dark or on mere conjecture. Tyler is in command at Harpers Ferry, with, it is said, only 9,000 men, but, according to returns of the 11th, he should have at least 13,600. Heintzelman, as you must be aware, commands this depart- ment. Besides the divisions of Abercrombie and Stahel, near you, he has little or no movable troops. Telegraph direct to him in all matters connected with the use of his troops. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 16, 18633.~0 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, There of the Potomac: now no doubt that the enemy is surrounding Harpers Ferry, but in what force I have no information.~ General Schenck says our force there is much less than before reported, and canno Page 46 46 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. hold out very long. He wished to know whether he may expect relief. He can hope for none, excepting from your army. H. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Fairfax Station, June 16, 18634. p. m. (Received 4. ~Op. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Just received your telegram. Please inform me whether our forces at Harpers Ferry are in the town or on the heights, and, if the latter, whether we hold Bolivar, Loudoun, or Maryland Heights, and which, if any; what bridges at Harpers Ferry, and where; from what direction is the enemy making his attack? I suppose it is a couple of long marches from here for troops without trains, but this, of course, will depend upon the position of the enemy. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Fairfax Station, June 16, 18637.30 p. in. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: In compliance with your directions, I shall march to the relief of Harpers Ferry. I put my column again in motion at 3 a. m. to- morrow. lexpect to reach there in two days, and, if possible, earlier. The partial rest of to-day was not lost, being necessary to recruit from forced and heavy marches and fill up supplies. My headquarters at Farrall [?] Station to-morrow night. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. (Copy to the President.) WASHINGTON, D. C., June 16, 18638.20 p. in. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: Information of enemys actual position and force in front of Har- pers Ferry is as indefinite as that in your front. Nearly everything is conjecture. The only position of the enemy mentioned is Hall- town. The bridges across both rivers at Harpers Ferry are believed to be intact, and most of Tylers troops on Maryland Heights. Lou- doun Heights are not fortified, but swept by Maryland batteries. Your questions have been sent to Tyler, and his answer will be for- warded as soon as received. Any troops you can send to his relief should be in motion. A few of the enemy have shown themselves at Poolesville and Point of Rocks. No definite information of his movements from any place. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief Page 47 C~L& P. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 16, 18639.40 p. m. (Received 9.50 p. in.) His Excellency the PRESIDENT: My orders are out to march at 3 oclock to-morrow morning. It will be likely to be one of vigor and power. I am prepared to move without communications with any place for ten days. I hope to reach my objective point before the arrival of Hills corps, should it be moving in that direction. If I do not know this fact, I will shortly, but of information to the north of the Potomac I really have nothing. I wish that it might be made the duty of some person in the teJe- graph office in Washington to keep me informed of the enemys movements in Maryland. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. WASHINGTON, June 16, 186310 p. m. Major-General HOOKER: To remove all misunderstanding, I now place you in the strict mil- itary relation to General Halleck of a commander of one of the armies to the general-in-chief of all the armies. I have not intended. differently, but as it seems to be differently understood, I shall direct him to give you orders and you to obey them. A. LINCOLN. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 16, 186310.15 p. in. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: I have given no directions for y our army to move to Harpers Ferry. I have advised the movement of a force, sufficiently strong to meet Longstreet, on Leesbnrg, to ascertain where the enemy is, and then move to the relief of Harpers Ferry, or elsewhere, as cir- cumstances might require. With the remainder of your force in proper position to support this, I want you to push out your cavalry, to ascertain something definite about the enemy. You are in com- mand of the Army of the Potomac, and will make the particular dis- positions as you deem proper. I shall only indicate the objects to be aimed at. We have no positive information of any large force against Harpers Ferry, and it cannot be known whether it will be necessary to go there until you can feel the enemy and ascertain his where- abouts. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 16, 1863. (Received 10.45 p. in.) Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: If General Cadwalader has gone to Pennsylvania, please request him to send me information of the rebel movements to the south o Page 48 48 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. there. Also please have the newspapers announce that I am moving on t9 the James River line. I will mask my real movements in these parts. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. WASHINGTON, June 16, 1863. Major-General HOOKER, Fairfax: General (i3adwalader has not gone to Pennsylvania, but is here waiting for orders. You shall be kept posted upon all information received here as to enemys movements, but must exercise your own judgment as to its credibility. The very demon of lying seems to be about these times, and generals will have to be broken for igno- rance before they will take the trouble to find out the truth of re- ports. EDWIN M. STANTON. WASHINGTON, June 17, 18639.30 a. m. Major-General HOOKER: Mr. Eckert, superintendent of the telegraph office,answ~rs me that he has sent, and will sehd you, everything that comes to the office. A. LINCOLN. HEADQIJARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Fairfax Station, June 17, 1863. Major-General HALLECK, Commanding, & c.: Your dispatch of 10 p. m. received by me at 1 a. m. Will make the dispositions of my forces to comply with the objects aimed at in your dispatch. The advices heretofore received by telegraph from Washington have stated successively that Martinsburg and Winchester were in- vested and surrounded; that Harpers Ferry was closely invested, with urgent calls upon me for relief; that the enemy were advanc- ing in three columns through Pennsylvania, and had driven in Gen- eral Couchs pickets. Now I am informed, in substance, that Gen- eral Schenck thinks it all arises from one of his wagon trains; that General Tyler, at Harpers Ferry, whose urgent calls, as represented to me, required under my instructions rapid movements in this di- rection, seems to think that he is in no danger. Telegraph operator just reports to me that Harpers Ferry is abandoned by our forces. Is this true? Directions have been given for my cavalry to make a reconnais- sance in the direction of Winchester and Harpers Ferry, for the pur- pose of ascertaining the whereabouts and strength of the enemy, and while this is being done, some of the infantry corps will be advanced by easy marches. As soon as the intentions of the enemy are known to me, I shall be able to advance with rapidity. My headquarters will be at Fairfax Station to-night. I should very much like to have reliable and correct information concerning the enemy on the north side of the Potomac. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General, Commanding Page 49 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 49 WASHINGTON, D. C., June 17, 186311.40 a. m. Major-General HOOKER, Headquarters Army of the Potomac: No reliable information of rebel movements in Maryland. All telegrams of importance received here are immediately sent to you. All telegrams from yon or to yon are subject to the hourly inspec- tion of the Secretary of War and the President. ~No important in- strnctions have or will be sent to yon without their knowledge. It is important that the Department be kept advised of all your move- ments; not in detail, bnt their general character. Also send all the information you get of the enemys movements and position. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. JUNE 17, 18632 p. m. (Received 4 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: Advice of the abandonment of Harpers Ferry renders forced marches unnecessary to relieve it. This army will be in position as follows to-night: One corps at Dranesville; one corps at Guilford Station; one corps on Goose Creek, near Trappe Rock; one corps at Gum Springs; one corps at Centreville; one corps at Sangsters Sta- tion; one corps at Fairfax Station. Headquarters at Fairfax Station to-night. Cavalry feeling up through Aldie toward Winchester. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 17, 18632.10 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Headquarters Army of the Potomac: I regret equally with you that reports from north side of the Poto- mac are so unreliable and contradictory, but they are given to you as received. What is meant by abandoning Harpers Ferry is merely that General Tyler has concentrated his force in the fortifications on Maryland Heights. No enemy in any~ force has been seen below Harpers Ferry, north of the river, and it is hoped that Tylers cav- alry may get something reliable above. So far, we have had only the wild rumors of panic-stricken people. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 17, 18637.45 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: My telegram of this morning [afternooni has informed you what is meant by the abandonment of Harpers Ferrya mere chaiige of position. It changes in no respect the objects you are to keep in view. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. 4 ~ i~vot xxvII, PT Page 50 50 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. FAIRFAX STATION, June 17, 18639.20 p. m~ (Received 10.40 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK, Washington: Jam in Constant receipt of copies of dispatches from General Couch with regard to enemy at Chambersburg. Is there, in your opinion, any foundation for the reports? All my cavalry are out, and I have deemed ~t prudent to suspend any farther advance of the infantry until I have information that the enemy are in force in the Shenan- doah Valley. I have just received dispatches from Pleasonton, dated 4.15 p. m. He ran against Fitzhugh Lees brigade of cavalry near Aldie, and from prisoners learned that Stuart is at Middleburg; and it is further reported that there is no infantry on this side of the Blue Ridge. When the orderly left, Pleasonton had charged and driven Lee out of Aldie. All my cavalry are out. Has it ever suggested itself to you that this cavalry raid may be a coyer to Lees re-enforcing Bragg or moving troops to the West? JOSEPH HOOKER, ]iifajor-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 18, 1863. (Received 7.50 a. in.) Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: At my last advices from Pleasonton, he had captured 8 officers and the greater portion of two squadrons of Fitz Lees brigade of Stuarts cavalry, and driven them out of Aldie. My instructions to him were to find out what was behind them. At 1 a. m. we received advices that looked as though White, with 400 cavalry, was at Point of Rocks. The Twelfth Corps was im- mediately ordered to Leesburg, and ~o hold it and the fords of the Potomac in that vicinity. I ought to have had a large cavalry force and two regiments of infantry at the mouth of the Monocacy last night. Having no means of telegraphic communication there, I am unadvised as to their arrival, and unable to give .thei~a orders by telegraph. A bridge sufficient to cross the Potomac is also to be at that point at noon to-day. JOSEPH HOOKER, lliliajor- General. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 18, 186311 a. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: I can get no information of the enemy other than that sent to you. Rumors from Pennsylvania are too confused and contradictory to be relied on. Officers and citizens are on a big stampede. They are asking me why does not General Hooker tell where Lees army is; he is nearest to it. There are numerous suppositions and theories, but all is yet mere conjecture. I only hope for positive information from your front. General Heintzelman has a signal line to Sugar Loaf Mountain, and is directed to send you all the information h Page 51 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 51 obtains. General Kelley is observing the passes west of the Shen- andoah, and will give you, through General Schenek, all information he can get. He is very reliable. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 18, 18639 a.m. (Received 10 a. in.) H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Prisoners from Pleasontons fight9 officers and 66 mennow on the way to this camp. Advices received of the arrival of my cavalry force and pontoons at month of Monocacy. Sixth Corps moved up to Germantown. I would request that signal officers be established at Cramptons Pass and South Mountain. They can see the whole coantr north of the Potomac, and telegraph movements of any column. vices of to-day make it advisable, I shall seize and hold those p It maybe necessary to use General Schencks troops for t JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-Gener~r4. JUNE 18, 186310.07 a. m. (Received 10.15 a. in.) Major-General HALLECK: GENERAL: I have to request that Brigadier-General Pleasonton, for his gallant conduct at Chancellorsville, his services there, and his attack and surprise of Stuarts force, superior in numbers, on the Rappahannock, June 9, may be made major-general, and assigned to command the cavalry corps. JOSEPH HOOKER, (Copy to the President and Secretary of War.) Jifajor-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 18, 18631 p. in. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: Your telegram for a signal station at Cramptons Pass and South Mountain has been sent to Colonel Myer, with directions to.carry out your wishes, if he has the means. General Schenck has been notified that you will have control of any of his forces that are within the sphere of your operations. If you want anything of General Scheuck or General Heintzelman, telegraph to them direct. Copies of each telegram are always retained at the War Department for the in- formation of the Government. * * * H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. JUNE 19, 186312 noon. Major-General HALLECK: I have asked Generals Scheuck and Heintzelman for information as to the location character, and n~iinber of their commands. Pleas Page 52 52 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. direct it to be furnished. I have directed General Stahel to concen- trate his cavalry for movement. Please inform General Heintzel-~. man. Are orders for these commands to be given by me where I deem it necessary? The natnre of the control to be exercised by me I would like to have distinctly and clearly fixed and understood by Generals Heintzelman and Schenck, that I may not seem to avoid proper channels or to act discourteously toward them. JOSEPH HOOKER, llfajor- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 19, 1863. (Received 12 nii) Major-General HALLECK: I have just been furnished with an extract from the New York Herald of yesterday concerning the late movements of this army. So long as the newspapers continue to give publicity to our move- ments, we must not expect to gain any advantage over our adver- saries. Is there no way of stopping it? I can suppress the circula- tion of this paper within my lines, but I cannot prevent their reaching it to the enemy. We could well afford to giv~ millions of money for like information of the enemy. JOSEPH HOOKER, ]Iliajor- General. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 19, 18631.55 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: I appreciate as fully as yourself the injury resulting from news- paper publication of the movements, numbers, and position of our troops, but I see no way of preventing it as long as reporters are permitted in our camps. I expelled them all from our lines in Mis- sissippi. Every general must decide for himself what persons he will permit in his camps. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 19, 18332 p. m. (Received 2.10 p. in.) H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Do you give credit to the reported movements of the enemy as stated in the Chronicle, of this morning? JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 19, 18633.55 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: I do not know to what particular statement in the Chronicle you refer. There are several which are contradictory. It now looks very much as if Lee had been trying to draw your right across the Pot Page 53 CHAP. XXXIX.1 fIIi~ ~IU~TTY8]3URG CAMPAIGN. mac, so as to attack your left. But of that it is impossible to judge until we know where Lees army is. No large body has appeared - either in Maryland or Western Virginia. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. JuNE 19, 18637.30 p. m. Major-General HALLECK: Reports just received from General Pleasonton, at Aldie, state Gen- eral [D. McM. I Gregg has been fighting nearly all daydriven the enemy through Middleburg, in direction of Upperville; has already sent in between 50 and 60 prisoners, one a lieutenant-colonel, and a number of officers of less rank, all from North Carolina. The force encountered was [B. H.] Robertsons brigade, North Carolina troops, supported by two other brigades, all under command of Stuart. Con- siderable loss inflicted upon the enemy. My corps are to-night as follows: Twelfth, Slocum, Leesburg. Eleventh, Howard, on Goose Creek, 4 miles from Leesburg, toward Aldie. Fifth, Meade, at Aldie. First, Reynolds, ~t Herudon Station and vicinity, on Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad. Third, Birney, at Gum Spring. Second, Hancock, at Centreville. Sixth, Sedgwick, at Germantown. Pleasonton rests his cavalry at Aldie to-night. Notwithstanding dispatch sent me by General Tyler, at Williams- port, his [Lees] delay in my front has caused me to doubt his inten- tion of throwing over any considerable force on Maryland shore. It is the impression of General Pleasonton that his infantry are still on opposite side of Blue Ridge, and that it is his intention to attack in this direction. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. JUNE 20, 18636.30 p. m. Major-General HALLECK: I have moved up Second Corps to Thoroughfare Gap; a division of Second Corps at Gainesville; a division of Sixth Corps at Bris- toe; other forces unchanged. Pleasonton reports Stuarts force in front of him, beyond Middle- burg. He will attack him with all his available command early to- morrow. Their cavalry have mounted infantry with them. Infan- try soldiers captured report to Pleasonton that Longstreets rear passed through the Blue Ridge yesterday. I have directed a bridge to be laid at Edwards Ferry to-night. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. WASHINGTON, Jane 21, 18639 a. m. Major-General HOOKER: Operator at Leesburg just now tells us that firing commenced about 7 this niornin~, in direction from hera of Aldies Gap and Mid Page 54 ~i4 N. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. dleburg; has continued all day, and has receded from him, and is apparently now about White Plains; was very heavy this morning, but lighter now. A. LINCOLN. CAMP, June 21, 18635 p. m. (Received 5.30 p. in.) The PRESIDENT: Pleasontons cavalry and two brigades of Meades infantry were directed to attack Stuarts cavalry this morning. The fight com- menced about 7 oclock, and for several hours raged with great vio- lence. As the sound receded from us, I conclude that the enemy were whipped, and I feel confident that our forces are now driving them across thq Blue Ridge, perhaps at Snickers Gap. All of the passes in the Blue Ridge, so far as I know, are stoutly held by the enemy, but I was in hopes that Pleasonton would be able to push his adver- sary so closely as to cross the mountain in their company. This cavalry force has hitherto prevented me from obtaining satis- factory information as to the whereabouts of the enemy. They have masked all of their movements. I have not yet received a word from the front since the beginning of the fight; from this I conclude the space between me and them has been lengthened since morning. The cavalry and all the troops are in glorious spirits, and the for- mer have achieved wonders in the last few days. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 22, 18639.30 a. m. (Received 10.50 a. in.) The PRESIDENT: Mr. PRESIDENT: My latest advices from General Pleasonton dated 4.30 p. in., the 21st. At that time he had driven the rebel cavalry through Upperville, capturing some of his artillery, and still pursu- ing. Appearances favorable. JOSEPH HOOKER, ]Jfajor- General. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C., June 22, 1863. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: Orders will be issued placing all that part of the Eighth Corps and of the Middle Department east of Cumberland under your im- mediate orders. The Department of Washington will continue as heretofore, your orders being given direct to General Heintzelman, he reporting them to headquarters before executing them, where they conflict with his special instructions. Affairs in Middle Depart- ment are represented as unsatisfactory. I go immediately to Balti- more to ascertain their condition. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief Page 55 CHAP. XXXIX I THE GEITYSBUItG CAMPAIGN. 55 WASHINGTON, June 22, 1863. Major-General HooKER: Operator at Leesburg just now says: I heard very little firing this a. m. about daylight) but it seems to have stopped now. It was in about same direction as yesterday, but farther off. A. LINCOLN, WASHINGTON, D. C., June 22, 18633.15 p. m. Major-general HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: In order to give compactness to the command of troops in the field covering Washington and Baltimore, it is proposed to place that part of the Middle Department east of Cumberland, now commanded by General Schenck, under your direct orders. The President di- rects me to ask you if that arrangement would be agreeable. Please answer as early as possible. H. ~. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. JUNE 22, 18634.30 p. m. (Received 4.45 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: Your telegram of 3.15 p. m. to-day is received. In reply, I have to state yes, provided that the same authority is continued to me that I now have, which is to give orders direct to the troops in the de- partments of Generals Scheuck and Heintzelman. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 24, 1863. Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The aspect of the enemy is not much changed from yesterday. Ewell, I conclude, is over the river, and is now up the country, I suppose, for purposes of plunder. The yeomanry of that district should be able to check any extended advance of that column, and protect themselves from their aggression. Of the troops that marched to the river at Shepherdstown yesterday, I cannot learn that any have crossed, and as soon as I do I shall com- mence moving, myself, and, indeed, am preparing my new acquisi- tions for that event; the others are ready. General French is now on his way to Harpers Ferry, and I have given directions for the force at Poolesville to march and report to him, and also for all of Stahels cavalry, and, if I can do it without attracting observation, I shall send over a corps or two from here, in order, if possible, to sever Ewell from the balance of the rebel army, in case he should make a protracted sojourn with his Pennsylvania neighbors. If the enemy should conclude not to throw any additional force over the river, I desire to make Washington secure, and, with all the force I can muster, strike for his line of retreat in the direction of Richmond Page 56 56 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CIrA.1. XXXIX. I cannot learn the strength of Heintzelmans and Schencks com- mands, nor where they are stationed, and hence I send my chief of staff to Washington and Baltimore to ascertain, and also to start out a column of about 15,000 men o~ the National road as far as. Freder- ick City. In any contingency, whether of an advance or retreat of the enemy, the defense of Washington or Baltimore, this amount of force should be there, and they should be held in readiness to march, which fact I will not be able to know until I put them on the road. I will send the best officers I have to command this body. I desire that instructions may be given Generals Heintzelman and Schenck to direct their commands to obey promptly any orders they may receive from me. Last evening the colonel commanding at Poolesville responded to his orders to march that he did not belong to my command, but would refer his orders to General Heintzelman. Such delays may bring us reverses. When these instructions are given, I shall not be necessitated to repeat orders to any part of my command to march on the enemy. Allow me to suggest that the new troops arriving in Baltimore and Washington be at once put in the defenses, and the old ones, except- ing those serving with the artillery, be put in marching condition. If this should be done quickly, I think that we may anticipate glori- ous results from the recent movement of the enemy, whether he should determine to advance or retreat. I request that my orders be sent me to-day, for outside of the Army of the Potomac I dont know whether I am standing on my head or feet. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSEPH HOOKER, lliliajor- General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 24, 18632.30 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: General Scheuck has been notified that the troops of his department in Harpers Ferry and vicinity would obey all orders direct from you, and that he would obey your orders in regard to the other troops of his command. They, however, are nearly all militia. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 25, 1863. (Received 11 a. in.) Major-General HALLEcK: Subjoined is a dispatch this moment received. It speaks for itself. I request that General Slough be arrested at once, and charges will be forwarded as soon as I have time to prepare them. You will find, I fear, when it is too late, that the effort to preserve department lines will be fatal to the cause of the country. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General Page 57 Cx~p. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. [Inclosure.] UPTONS HILL, June 25, 1863. Major-General BUTTERFIELD: A dispatch has been received during the night from General Slough, military governor of Alexandria, informing me that the command- ing officer of the Second Brigade, Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, has been instructed by him not to recognize the orders sent to him to pre- pare to join the division, as directed in your dispatch of June 23. S. W. CRAWFORD, Brigadier- General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 25, 18632 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: The Second Brigade, to which you refer in your telegram, forms no part of General Crawfords command, which was placed at your orders. No other troops can be withdrawn from the Defenses of Washington. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 25, 1863. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: The immense loss and destruction of horses in your army, and the d.ifficulty of supplying this loss, render it necessary that you should impress every serviceable animal likely to fall into the hands of the enemy. There are many animals in Loudoun County and the adjacent parts of Maryland. These shonld be seized, to save them from the enemy, as well as to supply yourself. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, June 25, 1863. General HOOKER: The President has assigned General Hancock to the command of the Second Corps. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General. POOLESYILLE, June 26, 1863. (Received 8.15 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK, Washington: I desire every facility to be in readiness for supplies to be thrown to Frederick by rail. JOSEPH HOOKER, ]lfajor-General. Page 58 [CHAP. XXXIX 58 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 26, 18637 p. m. (Received 7.30 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: Is there any reason why Maryland Heights should not be aban- doned after thd public stores and property are removed? I propose to visit the place to-morrow, on my way to Frederick, to satisfy myself on that point. It must be borne in mind that I am here with a force inferior in numbers to that of the enemy, and must have every available man to use on the field. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General, Commanding. JUNE 26, 18638 p. m. (Received 9.15 p. in.) Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: I would respectfully request that Major-General Stahel may be ordered by telegraph to report to General Couch, with a view to or- ganizing and putting in an efficient condition any mounted troops that can be raised for service there. His presence here as senior major-general will much embarrass me and retard my movements. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. PooLEsvILLE, June 26, 18636 p. m. Maj. T. T. ECKERT: Dispatch* received. My compliments to the President, and inform him that I had not that honor. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. JUNE 26, 18638 p. m. (Received 9.10 p. in.) His Excellency President LINCOLN: You need not believe any more than you choose of what is pub- lished in the Associated Press dispatches concerning this army to- morrow. Was it from the newspapers that you received a report, or an idea, that I was in Washington last night? JOS]~PH HOOKER, Major- General. WASHINGTON, June 27, 18638 a. m. Major-General HOOKER: It did not come from the newspapers, nor did I believe it, but I wished to be entirely sure it was a falsehood. A. LINCOLN. * Not found. Probably this r~fers to a report that General Hooker was in Wash- ington on the night of the 215th. See dispatch, following, from Hooker to the Presi- dent, June 26, 1863, 8 p. in Page 59 CHAP. XXXIXI THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 59 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Poolesville, Md., June 27, 1863. (Received 9 a. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: That tliere may be no misunderstanding as to my force, I would respectfully state that, including the portions of General Heintzel- mans command, and General Schencks, now with me, my whole force of enlisted men for duty will not exceed 105,000. our een batteries of tlie Artillery Reserve have been sent to Washington. Of General Abercrombies force, one brigade has just been sent home from expiration of service, and the others go shortly. One brigade of General Crawfords force has not reported with it. I state these facts that there may not be expected of me more than I have mate- rial to do with. My headquarters at Frederick to-night. Three corps at Middle- town, one corps at Knoxville, two at Frederick, and the remaining infantry corps very near there to-night. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. (Copy for President.) HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 27, 1863. GENERAL-IN-CHIEF AND WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington: General Hooker personally has just left here for Harpers Ferry, where he will be about 11 oclock, Point of Rocks about 10 a. in., and at Frederick to-night. Copies of all dispatches should be sent to Frederick and Harpers Ferry up to 11 a. in., and after that to Fred- erick. The staff are just leaving here for Frederick. DANL. BUTTERFIELD, Major-General, Chief of Staff. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 27, 186310.30 a. m. General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: Major [James C.] Duane and Captain [George H.] Mendell were ordered to your army, and it is presumed that they are en route. I do not know where they now are, unless in your army. Maryland Heights have always been regarded as an important point to be held by us, and much expense and labor incurre in fortifying them. I cannot approve their abandonment, except in case of absolute neces- sity. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 27, 186312 m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: Major-General Stahel is relieved from duty in the Army of the Po- tomac, and will report to General Couch, at Harrisburg, to organiz Page 60 N. 1, ~VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [cHAT. XXXIX. and command the cavalry in the Department of the Susquehanna. Lowells cavalry is the only force for scouts in this department, and cannot be taken from General Heintzelmans command. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. SANDY HooK, June 27, 1863. (Received 2.55 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: I have received your telegram in regard to Harpers Ferry. I find 10,000 men here, in condition to take the field. Here they are of no earthly account. They cannot defend a ford of the river, and, as far as Harpers Ferry is coiicerned, there is nothing of it. As for the fortifications, the work of the troops, they remain when the troops are withdrawn. No enemy will ever take possession of them for them. This is my opinion. All the public property could have been secured to-night, and the troops marched to where they could have been of some service. Now they are but a bait for the rebels, should they return I beg that this may be presented to the Secretary of War and His Excellency the President. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major- General. SANDY HooK, June 27, 18631 p. m. (Received 3 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK,. General-in-Chief: My original instructions require me to cover Harpers Ferry and Washington. I have now imposed upon me, in addition, an enemy in my front of more t~han my nnmber. I beg to be understood, re- spectfully~ but firmly, that I am unable to comply with this condi- tion with the means at my disposal, and earnestly request that I may at once be relieved from the position I occupy. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 27, 18638 p. m. Major-General HOOKER, Army of the Potomac: Your application to be relieved from your present command is received. As you were appointed to this command by the President, I have no power to relieve you. Your dispatch has been duly referred for Executive action. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief Page 61 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 61 No. 6. Reports of ]liiiaj. Gen. George G. lJleade, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Potomac, of operations June 28August 3, and cor- respondence with the authorities in Washington, & c. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. 0., June 27, 1863. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: You will receive with this the order of the President placing you in command of the Army of the Potomac. Considering the circumstances, no one ever received a more important command; and I cannot doubt that you will fully justify the confidence which the Government has reposed in you. You will not be hampered by any minute instructions from these headquarters. Your army is free to act as you may deem proper under the circumstances as they arise. You will, however, keep in view the important fact that the Army of the Potomac is the pover- ing army of Washington as well as the army of operation against the invading forces of the rebels. You will, therefore, maneuver and fight in such a manner as to cover the capital and also Balti- more, as far as circumstances will admit. Should General Lee move upon either of these places, it is expected that you will either antici- pate him or arrive with him so as to give him battle. All forces within the sphere of your operations will be held subject to your orders. Harpers Ferry and its garrison are under your direct orders. You are authorized to remove from command, and to send from your army, any officer or other person you may deem proper, and to appoint to command as you may deem expedient. In fine, general, you are intrusted with all the power and authority which the President, the Secretary of War, or the General-in-Chief can confer on you, and you may rely upon our full support. You will keep me fully informed of all your movements, and the positions of your own troops and those of the enemy, so far as known. I shall always be ready to advise and assist you to the utmost of my ability. Yery.respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. FREDERICK, MD., June 28, 18637 a. m. (Received 10 a. in.) General II. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief The order placing me in command of this army is received. As a soldier, I obey it, and to the utmost of my ability will execute it. Totally unexpected as it has been, and in ignorance of the exact con- dition of the troops and position of the enemy, I can only now say that it appears to me I must move toward the Susquehanna, keeping Washington and Baltimore well covered, and if the enemy is checked in his attempt to cross the Susquehanna, or if he turns foward Balti- more, to give him battle. I would say that I trust every availabl Page 62 62 N. C., VA., MT. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [ChAP. XXflX. man that can be spared will be sent to me, as from all accounts the enemy is in strong force. So soon as I can post myself up, I will com- munica~e more in detail. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 28, 18631 p. m. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Army of the Potomac: I fully concur in your general views as to the movements of your army. All available assistance will be given you. General Schencks troops outside the line of defenses will move as you may direct. General Couch is also directed to co-operate with you, and to move his forces as you may order. It is most probable that Lee will con~ centrate his forces this side of the Susquehanna. In regard to sup~ plies of horses, & c.. I send herewith a copy of a telegram to General Schenck on the 2~3d. * H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 28, 186312.30 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Frederick, Md.: A brigade of Fitzhugh Lees cavalry has crossed the Potomac near Seneca Falls, and is making for the railroad to cut Gif your supplies. There is another brigade of rebel cavalry south of the Potomac, which may follow. We have no cavalry~here to operate against them. General Hooker carried away all of General Heintzelmans cavalry. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 28, 18632 p. m. General HALLECK: Dispatch received in relation to crossing of enemys cavalry at Seneca Creek. Have ordered two brigades and battery to proceed at once in search and pursuit. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Frederick, June 28, 18631 p. m. (Received 2.20 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: Am I permitted, under existing circumstances, to withdraw a por- tion of the garrison of Harpers Ferry, providing I leave sufficient force to hold Maryland Heights against a coup de main? Reliable intelligence leads to the belief that Stuart has crossed at Williamsport, and is moving toward Hagerstown, in rear of Lees *See Halleck to Scheuck, June 23, Part Ill, p. 275 Page 63 xxxix.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 63 army, and all accounts agree in giving Lee so large a force that I cannot believe he has left any considerable body on the south side of the Potomac. Please give me your views fully. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. 0., June 28, 18633.30 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Frederick, Md.: The garrison at Harpers Ferry is under your orders. You can diminish or increase it as you think the circumstances justify. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. 0., June 28, 18632 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Frederick, Md.: It is reported here that the supplies at Edwards Ferry and return. ingby the canal are left unprotected. If so, Lees cavalry will prob- ably destroy them. It is reported that Lowells battalion of cavalry, left at Poolesville, was sent to Sandy Hook, contrary to my orders. If so, there is not a cavalry picket on the line of the Potomac below Edwards Ferry, and we have none here to send out. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. FREDERICK, MD., June 28, 18632.45 m. (Receive 4 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: I would recommend that General Schenck increase the force at Ellicotts Mills, with orders to hold that bridge, and also the Relay Junction, at all hazards. The Sixth New York State Militia were ordered to be returned to General Schenck from Monocacy Bridge; also a section of artillery there. They should have started to-day. GEO. G. MEADE, (Copy to General Schenck.) Major-General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 28, 18633 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Frederick, Md.: It is just reported that your train of one hundred and fifty wagons has been captured by Fitzhugh Lee, near Rockville. Unless cavalry is sent to guard your communications with Washington, they wiIl be cut off. It is reported here that there is still a considerable rebel force south of the Potomac. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief Page 64 64 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. JUNE 28, 18633 p. m. (Received 4.55 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: Your dispatch concerning capture of one hundred and fifty wagons received. Two brigades of cavalry, with artillery, had already been sent in pursuit of Lee. Colonel Lowell has been directed to return to Poolesville. Do you consider the information at all to be de- pended upon concerning a force of the enemy south of the Po- tomac? All our information here tends to show that Lees entire army passed through Hagerstown, the rear passing yesterday a. m. GEO. G. MEADE, lliliajor-General. JUNE 28, 1863. Major ECKERT, Telegraph Superintendent, Washington: The major-general commanding desires to know if any reliable in- formation can be given as to the direction taken by the cavalry force that w ere at Rockville, the hour they left, the names of any generals or colonels, and the designation of any regiments. Did they return to recross the river, or proceed north, by what road, and when? DANL. BUTTERFIELD, Major- General. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 28, 18637.20 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Frederick, Md.: - I doubt if there is any large force south of the Potomac; probably a few thousand cavalry, enough to render it necessary to have a strong rear guard, to protect the trains and picket the river. Low- ells command was ordered on the latter duty, but removed contrary to my positive order, which exposed your trains. We have no cav- alry here excepting what we have picked up from Pleasontons com- mand. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. FREDERICK, June 28, 18638.15 p. m. (Received 10.20 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: Your dispatch received. Colonel Lowell, as soon as your wishes were known, was ordered and will be left, and I shall intrust to him, through you, the guarding of the river. There seems to be no doubt that 3,000 of the enemys cavalry have been on our right, between us and Washington, to-day. My intention is now to move to-morrow on three lines to Emmitsburg and Westminster, having the army on the road from Emmitsburg through Westminster, or as near there as we can march. This movement is based upon what in- formation we have here of the enemys movement. The army to- night is as follows: First, Second, Fifth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Corps, with Artillery Reserve, within a few miles of Frederick; the Third Corps, 6 miles out toward Middleburg; the Sixth Corps, toward New Market, and expecting to reach there to-night. I have not decide Page 65 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAJGX. 65 yet as to the Harpers Ferry garrison. I should like to have your views as to the movement proposed. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC June 28, 18634.45 p. in. (Received 6.05 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The following statement has been furnished me. It is confirmed by information gathered from various other sources regarded as re- liable. I propose to move this army to-morrow in the direction of York. GEO. G. MEADE, [Statement.I Major-General. Thomas McCammon, blacksmith, a good man, from Hagerstown, left there on horseback at 11 a. m. to-day. Rebel cavalry came first a week ago last Monday. General [A. G.] Jenkins having 1,200 mounted infantry, said to be picked men from Jacksons men, and 300 or 400 cavalry of his own. The cavalry went back and forth out of Pennsylvania, driving horses and cattle, and the first infantry came yesterday a week agoGeneral Ewells men. He came per- sonally last Satnrday, and was at the Catholic church Sunday, with General Rodes and two other generals. On Monday he left in the direction of Greencastle, in the afternoon, Rodes having left the same morning. Rebel troops have passed every day, more or less, since; some days only three or four regiments or a brigade, and some days, yesterday, for instance, all of Longstreets command passed through excepting two brigades. Saw Longstreet yesterday. He and Lee had their headquarters at Mr. [James H.] Groves, just beyond town limits, toward Greencastle, last night, and left there this a. m. at 8 oclock. Think A. P. Hill went through last Tuesday. Heard from James D. Roman, prominent lawyer and leading Confederate sympa- thizer, who was talking in the clerks office last night; said that their officers reported their whole army, 100,000 strong, now in Maryland or Pennsylvania, excepting the cavalry. Mr. [William] Logan, register of wills, and Mr. [William H.] Protzman, very fine men in Hagerstown, have taken pains to count the rebels, and could not make them over 80,000. They counted the artillery; made it two hundred and seventy-five guns. Some of the regiments have only 175 mentwo that I saw, 150 men. Largest regiment that I saw was a Maryland regiment, and that was about 700. Dont think their regiments would range 400. Great amount of transportation; great many wagons captured at Winchester. Horses in good condition. Ewell rides in a wagon. Two thousand comprise the mounted in- fantry and cavalry. Saw Wilcoxs brigade wagons yesterday or day before. Saw Kershaws wagons in town yesterday. Kershaws bri- gade is in McLaws division, Longstreets corps. Know Hood and Armistead. Have passed through Hoods division and Armisteads brigade. Picketts division is in Longstreets corps. The Union men in Hagerstown would count them, and meet at night. Officers and men in good condition; say they are going to Philadelphia. Lots of Confederate money; carry it in flour barrels, and give $5 for cleaning a horse; $5 for two shoes on a horse rather than 50 cents United States money. S R RvoL xxvii, PT Page 66 66 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CEAP. XXXIX. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 28, 18637.25 p. in. General H. W. HALLECK, Washington: General Steinwehr, from the Mountain House, South Mountain, reports that his scouts inform him that 5,000 of Stuarts cavalry passed through Williamsport yesterday afternoon. General Sedg- wick, on the march up from Poolesville, reports that 3,000 of the enemys cavalry, with some artillery, are in his rear. This is com- municated to you for your information. My impression is that Stuart has divided his force, with a view of harassing our right and left flanks. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. 0., June 29, 186310.35 a. in. Major-General MEADE, Frederick, Md.: I have delayed answering your telegram of 9 p. in., received after midnight, in hopes of ascertaining something more of rebel forces on the Potomac; but there is nothing further that is reliable. The cavalry force in our front is said by some to be two, and by others three, brigades, with seven pieces of artillery. So far as I can judge, without a better knowledge of the enemys positions, your proposed movement seems good. H. ~. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. 0., June 29, 186311 a. in. Major-General MEADE, Md.: Since my last telegram, I have heard from Lowells cavalry, at Rockville. The rebel cavalry which destroyed the train left Brook- ville early this morning, apparently for the Relay Junction or Elli- cotts Mills. They have with them the captured mules and part of the wagons. Your cavalry may be able to cut them off. [Maj. William H.] Frys cavalry* will be added to Lowells, but they are too weak to do much. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. Dispatch found on the body of a soldier, killed June 30, 4j miles from Glen Rock. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 29, 186311 a. in. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Upon assuming command of the army, and after carefully consid- ering the position of affairs and the movements of the enemy, I have * From dismounted camp Page 67 c~aAr. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. concluded as follows: To move toAay toward Westminster and Emmitsburg, and the army is now in motion for that line, placing two corps, First and Eleventh, at Emmitsburg; two corps, Third and Twelfth, at Taneytown; one corps, Second, at Frizellburg, and one corps, Fifth, at Union; Sixth Corps at New Windsor; ivy cav- alry guarding my flanks and rear. If Lee is moving for Baltimore, I expect to get between his main army and that place. If he is cross- ing the Susquehanna, I shall rely upon General Couch, with his force, holding him until I can fall upon his rear and give him battle, which I sliall endeavor to do. I have ordered the abandonment of Harpers Ferry, a detachment of not more than 3,000 to proceed with the property, by canal, to Washington, and strengthen your forces there against any cavalry raid; the remainder to move up and join me. The line from Frederick to Baltimore b{ rail will necessarily he abandoned. While I move forward, I sha 1 incline to the right, toward the Baltimore and Harrisburg road, to cover that, and draw supplies from there, if circumstances permit it, my main objective point being, of course, Lees army, which I am satisfied has all passed on through Hagerstown toward Chambersburg. My endeavor will be in my movements to hold my force well together, with the hope of falling upon some portion of Lees army in detail. The cavalry force between me and Washington, as soon as I can learn sufficiently of their movement to pursue and fight without wasting the neces- sary force by useless movements, will be engaged by my cavalry. Stuarts cavalry, from my best information, have divide in o wo columns, one on my right, between me and Baltimore, one on my left, through Hagerstown, to join their army. My main point being to find and fight the enemy, I shall have to submit to the cavalry raid around me in some measure. The sections of artillery and small force of cavalry sent from here to Baltimore have been ordered to fall back from Poplar Springs and join General Pleasontons force, on my right, their route having been intercepted by the enemys cav- alry. I have hastily made up this dispatch to give you the informa- tion. Telegraphic communications have been cut off. I have no opportunity to receive a reply to mine asking your advice as to these movements, and upon my best judgment proceed to execute them. I can at present give no orders as to General Schencks department in Baltimore, or the Potomac in my rear; neither can I, in the ab- sence of telegraphic communication, and on account of the great dis- tance of Couch, exercise any influence, by advice or otherwise, con- cerning the co-operation of that force. These circumstances are be- yond my control. I send this by conner, with the hope and expecta- tion that it will reach you safely. Headquarters to-night are at Middleburg, 3 miles from Uniontown and 13 from Westminster. There is rail communication from Baltimore to Westminster GEG. G. MEADE, Miqjor-Generat. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 30, 186310.45 a. m. Major-General COUCH: I am in position between Emmitsbnrg and Westminster, advanc-~ ing upon the enemy. The enemy (A. P. Hill) holds Cashtown Pass, between Gettysburg and Chambersbnrg. Their cavalry, three to five brigades, are on my right~ between me and the Northern Qentizl Page 68 68 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CaAP. XXXIX. My force is tolerably well concentrated, moving with all the speed that the trains, roads, and physiqne of the men will bear. I am without definite and positive information as to the where- abouts of Longstreet and Ewell. The latter I presume to be in front of you. The army is in good spirits, and we shall push to your relief or the engagement of the enemy as circumstances and the inforina- tion we receive during the day and on the marches may indicate as most prudent and most likely to lead to ultimate success. I am anxious to hear from you, and get information~ of the dispositions of the enemy and his movements, so far as you know them. If you are in telegraphic communication or otherwise with Philadelphia,. Baltimore, and Washington, I should like supplies and shoes accu- mulated, to be thrown to me on the line of the Northern Central or the Susquehanna, as circumstances may require or my movements may make most desirable. Please communicate my dispatch to the General-in-Chief; my communications with him are intercepted by the cavalry of the enemy on my right. Can you keep the enemy from crossing the river? Very respectfully, & c., GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General, CommandTh~g. WASHINGTON, June 30, 1863. Major-General MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: Your plan of operations is approved. I have just re- ceived your second dispatch by the hands of an orderly. I write no fuller for obvious reasons. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 30, 18631.30 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: If you abandon Harpers Ferry, ordnance stores must not be de- stroyed. Such destruction can be justified only by absolute neces- sity. Forces have been sent up the canal to ascertain its condition. It is reported that all your stores and pontoons on the canal have been destroyed and the canal much injured. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 30, 18634.30 p. m. (Received July 1, 4 a. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Headquarters, Taneytown. Two corps between Emmitsburg and - Gettysburg, one at Littlestown, one at Manchester, one at Union Mills, one between here and Emmitsburg, one at Frizellburg. Penn- sylvania Reserves cant keep upstill in rear. General Lockwood, with the troops from Scheuck, still behind; these troops cannot keep Page 69 C*AP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIO~. (39 up with the marches made by the army. Our reports seem to place Ewell in the vicinity of York and Harrisburg. The cavalry that crossed at Seneca Ford have passed on up through Westminster and Hanover, some 6,000 to 8,000 strong. The people are all so frightened that accurate information is not to be obtained. I shall push on to- morrow in the direction of Hanover Junction and Hanover, when I hope by July 2 to open communication with Baltimore by telegraph and rail, to renew supplies. I fear that I shall break down the troops by pushing on much faster, and may have to rest a day. My move- ment, of course, will be governed much by what I learn of the enemy. The information seems to place Longstreet at Chambersburg, and A. P. Hill moving between Chambersburg and York. Our cavalry drove a regiment out of Gettysburg this a. m. Our cavalry engaged with Stuart at Hanover this a. m. Result not yet known. GEO. G. MEADE, lliliajor-General, Commanding. (Similar telegram sent to General Couch at ~5.30 p. m. same date.) WASHINGTON, D. C., June 30, 186311.30 p. m. Major-General MEADE: The following dispatch has just been received, which, although you may be informed on the subject, I have ordered to be sent to you by express: HARRISBURG, PA., June 30, 1868. Major-General HALLECK. Lee is falling back suddenly from the vicinity of Harrisburg, and concentrating all his forces. York has been evacuated. Carlisle is being evacuated. The concen- tration appears to be at or near Chambersburg. The object apparently a sudden movement against Meade, of which he should be advised by courier immediately. A courier might reach Frederick by way of Western Maryland Railroad to West- minster. This information comes from T. A. Scott, and I think it reliable. H. HAUPT, Brigadier-General. It is proper you should know that General French this morning evacuated Maryland Heights, blowing up his magazine, spiking the large cannon, and destroying surplus stores. A telegram from him, received this evening, indicates that he is still at Sandy Hook, wait- ing orders, and doubtful what he should do with his force. Please instruct him what you wish him to do. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. SANDY HooK, MD., June 30, 18633.30 p. m. II. ~. HALLECK, (Received 6p. in.) General-in-Chief: I have no orders except from General Butterfield, which urge the movement of these troops within a few days as a necessity for the Army of the Potomac. The removal of this property must be cov- ered by a large force, as the road is perfectly commanded. As for defending the property, all that is required is an order not to aban- don, or something definite from some source. My instructions hav Page 70 70 N. c. VA w VA MD 1A, EIO. tCiup. XXXII. placed me on the road for the army with 5,000 untried men. I leave over 3,000 men, who came from Winchester, ready to take the rear at the first alarm. If I am to be held responsible for evacuation of Maryland Height8, it should be given me reasonable time. I cannot communicate with headquarters Army of the Potomac. WM. H. FRENCH, Major-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Nine Miles east of Middleburg, July 1, 18637 a. m. (Received 4 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLEcK, General-in-Chief: Dispatches of General Couch and General Haupt received. My positions to-day are, one corps at Emmitsburg, two at Gettysburg, one at Taneytown, one at Two Taverns, one at Manchester, one at Hanover. These movements were ordered yesterday, before the re- ceipt of advices of Lees movements. Our cavalry, under Kilpatrick, had a handsome fight yesterday at Hanover. He reports the capture of 1 battle-flag, a lieutenant-colonel, 1 captain, with 15 or 20 of the enemy killed. The point of Lees concentration and the nature of the country, when ascertained, will determine whether I attack him or not. Shall advise you further to-day, when satisfied that the enemy are fully withdrawn from the Susquehanna. If General Couch has any reliable force, I shall call upon him to move it to aid me. GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 1, 18637 a. m. (Received 3.40 p. in.) Hon. E. M. STANTON Secretary o~ War: Dispatch of June 30, 11.30 p. in., received. French was ordered to send 3,000 of his force to Washington, with all his property, then to move up and join me with the balance. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. TANEYTOWN, July 1, 186312 m. General HALLECK: Dispatch sent last night giving my position at Emmitsburg, Gettys- burg, and Hanover. Ewell is massing at Heidlersburg. A. P. Hill is massed behind the mountains at Cashtown. Longstreet somewhere between Chain- bersburg and the mountains. The news proves my advance has answered its purpose. I shall not advance any, but prepare to receive an attack in case Lee makes one. A battle-field is being selected to the rear, on which the arm Page 71 CHAP. XXXIX.] TIlE GETTYSBIJRO CAMPAIGN. 71 can be rapidly concentrated, on Pike Creek, between Middleburg and Manchester, covering my depot at Westminster. If I am not attacked, and I can from reliable intelligence have reason to believe I can attack with reasonable degree of success, I will do so; but at present, having relieved the pressure on the Susque- hanna, I am now looking to the protection of Washington, and fight- ing my army to the best advantage. 1 P.~ M. The enemy are advancing in force on Gettysburg, and I expect the battle will begin to-day. GEO. G. MEADE. WASHINGTON, D. 0., July 1, 18639.15 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: Yours of 12 m. received. Your tactical arrangements for battle seem good, so far as I can judge from my knowledge of the character of the country; but in a strategic view are you not too far east, and may not Lee attempt to turn your left and cut you off from Frederick? Please give your full attention to this suggestion. Lowells cavalry was sent this morning to escort the stores from Harpers Ferry. This will relieve General French to obey your orders. The destruction of unguarded property on the canal along the Potomac has been terri- ble. Will not Frederick become a better base of supplies than West- minster? In anticipation of this, I have directed General Schenek to guard that road as well as he can. I have ordered General Couch to co-operate with you as far as possible; but I fear very little reli- ance can be placed on his troops in an emergency. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 1, 186310.45 a. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: The movements of the enemy yesterday indicate his intention to either turn your left, or to come himself by the South Mountain and occupy Cumberland Valley. Do not let him draw you too far to the east. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 1, 18636 p. m. (Received 10.20 p. in., via Frederick City.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The First and Eleventh Corps have been engaged all day in front of Gettysburg. The Twelfth, Third, and Fifth have been moving up, and all, I hope, by this time on the field. This leaves only the Sixth, which will move up to-night. General Reynolds was killed this morning early in the action. I immediately sent up Genera Page 72 N.C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. tOHAP. XXXIX. Hancock to assume command. A. P. Hill and Ewell are cortainly concentrating; Longstreets whereabouts I do not know. If he is not up to-morrow, I hope with the force I have concentrated to de- feat Hill and Ewell. At any rate, I see no other course than to haz- ard a general battle. Circumstances during the night may alter this decision, of which I will try to advise you. I have telegraphed Couch that if he can threaten Ewells rear from Harrisburg without endangering himself, to do so. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General. HEADQUARTERS NEAR GETTY5BUJ~G, PA., July 2, 18633 p. m. (Received July 3, 10.20 a. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: I have concentrated my army at this place to-day. The Sixth Corps is just coming in, very much worn out, having been marching since 9 p. m. last night. The army is fatigued. I have to-day, up to this hour, awaited the attack of the enemy, I having a strong position for defensive. I am not determined, as yet, on attacking him till his position is more developed. He has been moving on both my flanks, apparently, but it is difficult to tell exactly his movements. I have delayed attacking, to allow the Sixth Corps and parts of other corps to reach this place and to rest the men. Expecting a battle, I ordered all my trains to the rear. If not attacked, and I can get any positive information of the position of the enemy which will justify me in so doing, I shall attack. If I find it hazardous to do so, or am satisfied the enemy is endeavoring to move to my rear and interpose between me and Washington, I shall fall back to my supplies at Westminster. I will endeavor to advise you as often as possible. In the engagement yesterday the enemy concentrated morO rapidly than we could, and toward evening, owing to the superiority of num- bers, compelled the Eleventh and First Corps to fall back from the town to the heights this side, on which I am now posted. I feel fully the responsibility resting upon me, but will endeavor to act with caution. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 2, 18638 p. m. (Received July 3, 5.15 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The enemy attacked me about 4 p. in. this day, and, after one of the severest contests of the war, was repulsed at all points. We have suffered considerably in killed and wounded. Among the former are Brigadier-Generals Paul and Zook, and among the wounded, Generals Sickles, Barlow, Graham, and Warren, slightly. We have taken a large number of prisoners. I shall remain in my present position to-morrow, but am not prepared to say; until better advised of the condition of the army, whether my operations will be of an offen- sive or defensive character. - GEG. G. MEADE; Major- General Page 73 CHAP. XXXIX.1 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 73 ]Jliinutes of council, July 2, 1863. * QUESTIONS ASKED. 1. Under existing circumstances, is it advisable for this army to remain in its present position, or to retire to another nearer its base of supplies? 2. It being determined to remain in present position, shall the army attack or wait the attack of the enemy? 3. If we wait attack, how long? REPLIES. GIBBON: 1. Correct position of the army, but would not retreat. 2. In no condition to attack, in his opinion. 3. Until he moves; until enemy moves. WILLIAMS: 1. Stay. 2. Wait attack. 3. One day. BIRNEY: Same as General Williams. SYKES: Same as General Williams. NEWTON: 1. Correct position of the army, but would not retreat. 2. By all means not attack. 3. If we wait, it will give them a chance to cut our line. HOWARD: 1. Remain. 2. Wait attack until 4 p. m. to-morrow. 3. If dont attack, attack them. HANcOcK:~ 1. Rectify position without moving so as to give up field. 2. Not attack unless our communications are cnt. 3. Cant wait long; cant be idle. SEDGWICK: 1. Remain, and wait attack at least one day. SLocuM: Stay and fight it out. [Memorandurnjt SLocuM: Stay and fight it out. NEWTON: Thinks it is a bad position. HANCOCK: Puzzled about practicability of retiring; thinks by holding on ~ to mass forces and attack. * Original in pencil, and found among General Meades papers. See circular of March 10, 1864, from Headquarters Army of the Potomac, and replies thereto, pp. 123 et seq.; and Butterfield to Williams, and reply, of March 23, 1864, p. 138. ~ This memorandum is without a heading in the original. t Illegible word Page 74 N.C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. HOWARD: Favor of not retiring. BIRNEY: Dont know; Third Corps used up, and not in good condition to fight. SEDGWICK: Doubtful * Effective strength about 9,000, 12,500, 9,000, 6,000, 8,500, 6,000, 7,000; total, 58,000. [Indorsement.] Minutes of council, held Thursday p. in., July 2. D. B., 111. G., C. of S. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 3, 18638 a. m. (Received 5.10 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The action commenced again at early daylight upon various parts of the line. The enemy~thus far have made no impression upon my position. All accounts agree in placing the whole army here. Pris- oners report Longstreets and A. P. Hills forces much injured yes- terday and many general officers killed. General Barksdales (Mis sissippi) dead body is within our lines. We have thus far sent off about 1,600 prisoners, and a small number yet to be started. I have given certain instructions to General French, which he will telegraph you. The dispatches from you yesterday, owing to the disappearance of Caldwell, telegraphoperator, are here in cipher, unintelligible. GEO. G. MEADE, ]IiEajor- General. JULY 3, 186312.30 p. in. Major-General HALLECIC, (Received 11 p. in.) General-in-Chief: At the present moment all is quiet. Considerable firing, both in- fantry and artillery, has taken place in various parts of our line, but no development of the enemys intentions. My cavalry are pushing. the enemy on both my flanks, and keeping me advised of any effort to outflank me. We have taken several hundred prisoners since morning. GLO. G. MEADE. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Near Gettysburg, July 3, 18638.35 p. m. (Received July 4, 6.10 a. in.) Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The enemy opened at 1 p. m. from about 150 guns, concentrated upon my left and center, continuing without intermission for about three hours, at the expiration of which time he assaulted my left center twice, being upon both occasions handsomely repulsed, with severe loss to him, leaving in our hands nearly 3,000 prisoners; among the prisoners, Brigadier-General Arumistead and many colonels and officers of lesser rank. The enemy left many dead upon the field and a large number of wounded in our hands. * Remainder of sentence illegible Page 75 OHAP. ~XXIx.I TILE GETTYSBIIkG CAMPAIG1~. The ioss upon our side has been considerable. Major-General Han- cock and Brigadier-General Gibbon were wounded. After the re- pellirig of the assault, indications leading to the belief that the enemy might be withdrawing, an armed reconnaissance was pushed forward from the left, and the enemy found to be in force. At the present hour all is quiet. My cavalry have been engaged all day on both flanks of the enemy, harassing and vigorously attacking him with great success, notwithstanding they encountered superior numbers, both of cavalry and infantry. The army is in fine spirits. GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General, Commanding~ NEAR GETTYSBURG, PA., July 3, 1863. Major-General HALLEcK, (Received July 4, 4.10 a. in.) General-in-Chief: The following dispatches have been intercepted by our scQuts. DANL. BUTTERFIELD, Major-General, Chief of Staff. [Inclosure No. 1.] ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Richmon General R. E. LEE, d, Va., June 29, 1863. Comdg. Army Northern Virginia, Winchester, Va.: GENERAL: While with the President last night, I received your letter of the 23d instant. After reading it, the P resident was embar- rassed to understand that part of it which refers to the plan of assem- bling an army at Culpeper Court-House under General Beauregard. This is the first intimation that he has had that such a plan was ever in contemplation, and, taking all things into consideration, he can- not see how it can by any possibility be carried into effect. You will doubtless learn before this reaches you that the enemy has again assembled in force on the Peninsula, estimated between 20,000 and 30,000 men, from 6,000 to 10,000 of whom are reported to be in the vicinity of White House and the remainder at Ybrktown. It is im- possible to say whether the estimated number is correct, as the several accounts vary and are not deemed altogether reliable; but the esti- mate, making due allowance for errors, is quite near enough to satisfy the most incredulous that the enemy is in this vicinity in sufficient force in cavalry, artillery, and infantry to do much harm, whether his purpose be to make a demonstration on Richmond or to confine himself to raids in breaking your communications and devastating the country. His efforts in the last case may prove more successful than in the first, if we may judge by what took place at Hanover only two days ago, when about 1,000 or 1,200 of his cavalry suddenly appeared there, and did some execution in breaking the railroad and burning a bridge, some buildings, public stores, & c. It was unfortun- ate that this raid took place only about two days after General Corses brigade had left there for Gordonsville. Had it remained at Hanover Junction, it is reasonable to sv{ppose that most of the enemys cavalry would have been either destroyed or captured and the property saved from injury. Every effort is being made here to be prepared for the enemy at all points, but we must look chiefly to the protection of the capital. In doing this, we may be obliged to hazard something a Page 76 76 N. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. other points. You can easily estimate your strength here, and I would suggest for your consideration whether, in this state of things, yon might not be able to spare a portion of your force to protect your line of communication against attempted raids by the enemy. Very respectfully, your obedient servant S. ObOPER, Adjutant- General. [Inclosure No. 2.] RICHMOND, VA., June 28, 1863. General R. E. LEE, Commanding, & c.: GENERAL: Yours of the 23d* received this evening, and hasten to reply to the point presented in relation to the forces on the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. The hopes indulged as to our opera- tions at the time which would intervene between the discharge of the enemys trained troops and the substitution of them by others, have been disappointed by the very error against which it was sought by warning to guard. Grant reached the river, got re-enforcements, made intrenchments, and General Johnston continues to call for re-enforcements, though his first requisition was more than filled by withdrawing troops from Generals Beauregard and Bragg. General Bragg is threatened with attack, has fallen back to his intrenched position at Tullahoma, and called on Buckner for aid. General Beauregard says t that no troops have been withdrawn by the enemy from his point [front] since those returned to New Berne, and that his whole force is necessary to cover his line, this being in answer to a proposition to him to follow the movement of the enemy, said to be to the west, with all his disposable force, pointing him at the same time to the vital importance of hold- ing the Mississippi, and communicating the fear that Vicksburg would fall unless Johnston was strongly and promptly re-enforced. D. IL Hill has a small force, part of which has been brought here. Cling- mans brigade is near Wilmington; Colquitts, Kinston; Martins, nominally on railroad (Weldon, & c.). Cookes, Ransoms, and Jen- kins have been brought here, the last two temporarily from the de- fense of Petersburg and country thereabouts. Wises brigade is, as you left it, engaged in the defense of Richmond, and serving in the country to the east of the city. The enemy have been reported in large force at White House, with indications of an advance on Rich- mond. We are organizing companies for home defense, and the spirit of resistance is increasing. Corses brigade, in accordance with your orders, left Hanover Junction. All the artillery, I am informed, was taken away, and the single regiment of infantry which consti- tuted the guard for the bridges proved unequal to the duty, as you have no doubt learned. Re-enforcements were ordered to go up, but some delay occurred, and they arrived too late to save the bridge or the brave guard which had unsuccessfully defended it. The Yan- kees, reported to be three regiments of cavalry, returned from the Central road in the direction of Hanover (Old Town), and nothing has been heard of them since. It was stated that General W. H. F. Lee was captured at the house * See Addenda, p. 77. ~ See Davis to Beauregard, and reply, June 25, 1863, Series I, Vol. XXVIII, Part II, pp. 162, 163 Page 77 Ciui~. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. of Mr. Wickham, but I trust it will prove to be one of the many startling rumors which the newsmongers invent. The advance of your army increases our want of cavalry on the north and east of the city, but, excepting one regiment from North Carolina, I do not know of any which we can expect soon to be available to us. In yours of the 20th, you say, if any of the brigades that I have left behind for the protection of Richmond can, in your opinion, be spared, I should like them to be sent to me. It has been an effort with me to answer the clamor to have troops stopped or recalled, to protect the city and the railroads communicating with y our army. Corses brigade has gone, and Wises is the only other left by you. Cookes was in North Carolina, and Davis brigade was sent to com- plete Heths division in place of Cookes. Ransoms and Jenkins constitute the defense of the south side as far as Weldon, and are re- lied on for service elsewhere, from Wilmington to Richmond. General Elzey is positive that the enemy intend to attack here, and his scouts bring intelligence which, if I believed it, would render me no more anxious for the city than at any former time. I do not believe the Yankees have such force as is stated, but that they have enough to render it necessary to keep some troops within reach, and some at Petersburg; at least, until Suffolk is truly evacuated. Do not understand me as balancing accounts in the matter of bri- gades; I only repeat that I have not many to send you, and enough to form an army to threaten, if not capture, Washington as soon as it is uncovered by Hookers army. My purpose was to show you that the force here and in North Carolina is very small, and I may add that the brigades are claimed as properly of their command. Our information as to the enemy maybe more full and reliable hereafter. It now is materially great~~r than when you were here. Very respectfully and truly, yours, JEFFERSON DAVIS. ADDENDA. HDQRS. ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, June 23, 1863. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond, Va.: GENERAL: Upon leaving Fredericksburg, a regiment of General Pettigrews brigade was sent to relieve General Corses brigade at Hanover Junction, to enable the latter to rejoin his division. General Corse was subsequently ordered to remain at the Junc- tion, and I have not heard whether he has yet been sent forward or not. If not, I think the regiment will suffice for a guard at that point, and wish Corses brigade to be ordered to rejoin its division, under General Pickett, as soon as possible. He will march by Culpeper Court-House, and thence through Chester Gap to Winchester, where he will be instructed by what route to proceed. I wish to have every man that can be spared, and desire that Cookes brigade may be sent forward by the same route, if it is not needed at Richmond. I think there will be no necessity for keep- ing a large number of troops at that place, especially if the plan of assembling an army at Culpeper Court-House, under General Beau- regard, be adopted. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. E. LEE, ~enerq1 Page 78 78 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CiLw. XXXIX. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 4, 18637 a. m. (Received 7.20 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: This morning the enemy has withdrawn his pickets frpm the posi- tions of yesterday. My own pickets are moving out to ascertain the nature and extent of the enemys movement. My information is not sufficient for me to decide its character yetwhether a retreat or maneuver for other purposes. GEO. G. MEADE, lliliajor-General. OPERATOR AT FREDERICK: Please show copy of this to General French. JULY 4, 186312 noon. (Received July 5, 3.50 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK, Washington: The position of affairs is not materially changed from my last dis- patch, 7 a. m. The enemy apparently has thrown back his left, and placed guns and troops in position in rear of Gettysburg, which we now hold. The enemy has abandoned large numbers of his killed and wounded on the field. I shall require some time to get up sup- plies, ammunition, & c., rest the army, worn out by long marches and three days hard fighting. I shall probably be able to give you a return of our captilres and losses before night, and return of the enemys killed and wounded in our hands. GLO. G. MEADE, ]lfajor- General. JULY 4, 1863. Major ECKERT: General Meade desires to know under whose orders and authority the telegraph operators possessing the cipher are appointed and con- trolled. The operator, Mr. Caldwell, at these headquarters pre- sumes to act in an independent manner, and has left headquarters for Westminster, selecting his own location, without authority or permission. The commanding general is unable to send dispatches from these headquarters in cipher in consequence thereof, or to understand those he receives. DANL. BUTTERFIELD, lUlajor-Generat, and Chief of Staff. JULY 410 p. m. (Received July 6, 6.10 a. in.) Major-General HALLECK: No change of affairs since dispatch of 12 noon. I make a reconnaissance to-morrow, to ascertain what the inten- tion of the enemy is. My cavalry are now moving toward the South Mountain Passrand, should the enemy retreat, I shall pursue him on his flanks. GEG. G. MEADE, Major- General. [P. S.]A proposition made by General Lee, under flag of truce7 to exchange prisoners, was declined by me Page 79 C~p. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 79 HDQRS. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 6, 18638.30 a. m. (Received 8.40 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: The enemy retired, under cover of the night and heavy rain, in the direction of Fairfield and Cashtown. All my available cavalry are in pursuit, on the enemys left and rear. My movement will be made at once on his flank, via Middletown and South Mountain Pass. I cannot give you the details of our captures in prisoners, colors, and arms. Upward of twenty battle-flags will be turned in from one corps. I cannot delay to pick up the de~bris of the battle-field, and request that all those arrangements may be made by the departments. My wounded, with those of the enemy in our hands, will be left at Gettysburg. After burying our own, I am compelled to employ citizens to bury the enemys dead. My headquarters will be to-night at Creagerstown. Communication received from General [W. F.] Smith, in command of 3,000 men, on the march from Carlisle toward Cashtown. Field return last evening gives me about 56,000 effective in the ranks, exclusive of cavalry, baggage guards, ambulances, attendants, & c. Every available re-enforcement is required, and should be sent to Frederick without delay. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. HDQRS. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 6, 18636 p. m. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, (Received 11.30 ~. in.) General-in-Chief: I send copies of all my dispatches since yesterday morning. My army is all in motion. I shall be at Frederick to-morrow night. I desire the forces mentioned in your dispatch to Major-General French to be thrown to Harpers Ferry by rail as soon as possible. I shall so instruct Major-General French. It is of importance to get pos- session of South Mountain passes and Maryland Heights. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 6, 1863. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: Your movements are perfectly satisfactory. Your call for re- enforcements to Frederick has been anticipated. Call to you all of Couchs force. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 6, 1863. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: You will assume the general command of such of General Couchs forces as are operating in the field, aiA direct their movements a Page 80 80 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAI.. XXXiX. ma deem best. lit seems to me that they should connect with your rightflank.Jthinkthatthe troops sent here from Harpers Ferry and a part of the forces now in Baltimore could join General French, and be available for your operations. Four small regiments from North Carolina have reached Baltimore. I am awaiting an answer from my dispatch, sent through General French this rxlorning, in re- gard to re-enforcing him as above indicated. So long as your move- ments cover Baltimore and Washington from Lees main army, they are in no danger from any force the enemy may detach for a raid. We have heard nothing from you since yesterday morning, and are anxious to learn more of the results of your brilliant fighting. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Getlysburg, July 6, 18632 p. m. (Received 9.20 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Yesterday I sent General Sedgwick with the Sixth Corps in pur- suit of the enemy toward Fairfield, and a brigade of cavalry toward Cashtown. General Sedgwicks report indicating a large force of the enemy in the mountains, I deemed it prudent to suspend the movement to Middletown until I could be certain the enemy were evacuating the Cumberland Valley. I find great difficulty in getting reliable information, but from all I can learn I have reason to be- lieve the enemy is retreating, very much crippled, and hampered with his trains. General Sedgwick reported that the gap at Fairfield was very for- midable, and would enable a small force to hold my column in check for a long time. I have accordingly resumed the movement to Mid- dletown, and I expect by to-morrow night to assemble the army in that vicinity. Supplies will be then provided, and as soon as possible I will cross South Mountain, and proceed in search of the enemy. Your dispatch requiring me to assume the general command of the forces in the field under General Couch has been received. I know nothing of the position or strength of his command, excepting the advance under General Smith, which I have ordered here, and which I desire should furnish a necessary force to g~iard this place while the enemy is in the vicinity. A brigade of infantry and one of cavalry, with two batteries, will be left to watch the enemy at Fairfield, and follow them whenever they evacuate the gap. I shall send general instructions to General Couch to move down the Cumberland Valley as far as the enemy evacuates it, and keep up communications with me; but from all the information I can obtain, I do not rely on any active co-operation in battle with this force. If I can get the Army of the Potomac in hand in the Valley, and the enemy have not crossed the river, I shall give him battle, trusting, should misfortune overtake me, that a sufficient number of my force, in connection with what you have in Washington, would reach that place so as to render it secure. General Trimble, of the Confederate army, was to-day found wounded just outside of Gettysburg. General [J. L.] Kemper was found mortally wounded on the road to Fairfield, and a large number of wounded, estimated as several thousand. Generals Heth, Wade Hampton, Jenkins, and Peiider are reported wounded. The los~e Page 81 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETfYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 81 of the enemy were no doubt very great, and he must be proportion~ ately crippled. My headquarters will be here to-night, and to-morrow I expect to be at Frederick. My cavalry have been attacking the enemy on bofh flanks, inflicting as much injury as possible. GEO. G. MEADE, Jlliajor- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OI~ THE POTOMAC, July 6, 18638 p. m. General HALLECK: (Received July 7, 1.30 a. in.) I shall be very glad to have the four regiments from North Caro- lina, now at Baltimore, which you propose to add to General Frenchs command. They should be put in marching order, with shelter tents. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. Major-General MEADE and WASHINGTON, D. C., July 6, 1863. Major-General FRENCH, Frederick, hid.: Fifteen hundred cavalry left here this forenoon on Rockville and Frederick turnpike. They are detachments from the Army of the Potomac, remounted. You can send orders to them on the road to move as you deem best. Elliotts command, with two new batteries, left by railroad this morning. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 6, 186312.30 p. in. Major-General MEADE and Major-General FRENCH: It is just reported here that the bridge at Harpers Ferry was left intact when General Frenchs command abandoned that place. If so, it gives Lee a good crossing, unless it be occupied by us in strong force. No time should be lost in throwing troops on to Maryland Heights. H. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Frederick, July 7, 18633.10 p. in. (Received 4.45 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: General Buford reports that he attacked Williamsport yesterday, but found it guarded by a large force of infantry and artillery. Heavy forces were coming into Williamsport all night. French having destroyed their bridges, and the river being unfordable, they are crossing in country flat-boatsa slow operation. My army will be assembling to-day and to-morrow at Middletown. I will mine- 6 R RvOL xxvII, PT Page 82 [CHAP. XXXIX. 82 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. diately move on Williamsport. Should the enemy succeed in cross- ing the river before I can reach him, I should like to have your vrnws of subsequent operationswhether to follow up the army in the Valley, or cross below and nearer Washington. GEG. G. MEADE, JVliajor- General. 4P.M. [P. 5. ]An officer of the cavalry from the front reports the enemys army as occupying Hagerstown and Williamsport, and guarding their artillery and trains, which they cannot cross. So soon as my com- mand is supplied and their trains up, I shall move. WASHINGTON, D. 0., July 7, 18633 p. m. Maj. Gen. G1~oRGE G; MEADE, Army, of the Potomac: It gives me gr.at pleasure to inform you that you have been ap- pointed a brigadier-general in the Regular Army, to rank from July 3, the dateof your brilliant victory at Gettysburg. H. W. HALLE~K, General-in-Chief. FREDERICK, MD., July 7,. 18634 p. m. (Received S p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: General-in-Chief: I have received your dispatch announcing my appointment as brigadier-general in the Regular Army. Please convey to the President my grateful thanks for this honor, and receive for yourself my thanks for the kind manner you have conveyed the notification.. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. FREDERICK, MD., July 7, 18634 p. m. (Received 5.25 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief.~ Maryland Heights are at present occupied by Kenlys brigade, 1,700 men. Three thousand additional men and two batteries of artillery left here this morning for that place. No indications of the enemy this side of Williamsport and Hagerstown. The bridge at Harpers Ferry was rendered impassable at both sides by General French. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 7, 18638.45 p. in. Major-General MEADE, Frederick, Md.: You have given the enemy a stunning blow at Gettysburg. Fol- low it up, and give him another before he can reach the Potomac Page 83 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 83 When he crosses, circumstances will determine whether it will be best to pursue him by the Shenandoah Valley or this side of Blue Ridge. There is strong evidence that he is short of artillery ammu- nitiox~, and, if vigorously pressed, he must suffer. H. W. HALLECK, General-Pi-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 7, 1863. Major-General MEADE or Major2General FRENCH, Frederick, Md.: What force has been sent to Maryland Heights, and how many have reached there? It seems to me, at the present, to be a most important point, and should be held with forces sufficient to prevent its occupation by the enemy. Should his crossing above be impossi- ble, he will probably attempt to take and hold that position until he can make the passage. H. W.. HALLECK General-i~n-Chief. Major-General MEADE, WASHINGTON, D. C., July 7, 1863. Frederick, Aid.: I have seen your dispatch to General Couch of 4.40 p.m. You are perfectly right. Push forward, and fight Lee before he can cross the Potomac. H. W. HALLEOK General-i~n-Chief. Major-General MEADE, WASHINGTON, D. C., July 7, 1863. Army of the Potomac: I have received from the President the following note, which I respectfully communicate: Major-General HALLEcK: We have certain information that Vicksburg surrendered to General Grant on the 4th of July. Now, if General Meade can complete his work, so gloriously prose- cuted thus far, by the literal or substantial destruction of Lees army, the rebellion will be over. Yours, truly, A. LINCOLN. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 8, 186310.30 a. m. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLEOR: (Received 10.4~ i~. in.) I have ordered General Naglee, with the eight regiments of his com- mand, to Harpers Ferry, to re-enforce General Keuly and to assume command. This will make a force of between 6,000 and 7,000 men. He is directed to hold his command in readiness to move forward t Page 84 84 N. c., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. ICIIAP. XXXIX. my support, if required. I have also sent a bridge train there, with an engineer party, the bridge to be thrown over only when any com- mand, cavalry or other, should arrive there to cross. I leave the Seventh New York Regiment and a battery of six pieces to defend this depot against raids. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 8, 18632 p. m. (Received 2.55 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: General Couch learns from scouts that the train at Williamsport is crossing very slowly. So long as the river is unfordable, the en- emy cannot cross. My cavalry report that they had a fight near Funkstown, through which they drove the enemy to Hagerstown, where a large, infantry force was seen. From all I can gather, the enemy extends from Hagerstown to Wilhamsport, covering the march of their trains Their cavalry and infantry pickets are advanced to the Hagerstown and Sharpsburg pike, on the general line of the An- tietam. We hold Boonsborough, and our pickets, 4 miles in front, toward Hagerstown, are in contact with the enemys pickets. My army is assembling slowly. The rains of yesterday and last night have made all roads but. pikes almost impassable. Artillery and wagons are stalled; it will take time to collect tliem together. A large portion.of the men are barefooted. Shoes will arrive at Fred- erick to-day, and will be issued as soon as possible. The spirit of the army is high; the men ale ready and willing to make every exertion to push forward. The very first moment I can get the different com- mands, the artillery and cavalry, properly supplied and in hand, I will move forward. Be assured I most earnestly desire to try the fortunes of war with the enemy on this side of the river, hoping through Providence and the bravery of my men to settle the ques- tion, but I should da wrong not to frankly tell you of the difficulties encountered. I expect to find the enemy in a strong position, well covered with artillery, and I do not desire to imitate his example at Gettysburg, and assault a position where the chances were so greatly against success. I wish in advance to moderate the expectations of those who, in ignorance of the difficulties to be encountered, may ex- pect too much. All that I can do under the circumstances I pledge this armyto do. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. WAsHrNGTON, D. C., July 8, 1863. Major-General MEADE Frederick, Md.: There is reliable information that the enemy is crossing at WIll- iamsport. The opportunity to attack his divided forces should not be lost. The President is urgent and anxious that your army should move against him by forced marches. H. ~T HALLECK, General-in-Chief Page 85 ea& p. XXXIX~ THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 85 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 8, 18633 p. m. (Received 3.20 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: My information as to the crossing of the enemy does not agree with that jnst received in yonr dispatch. His whole force is in posi- tion between Fnnkstown and Wihiamsport. I have jnst received information that he has driven my cavalry force in front of Boons- borongh. My army is and has been making forced marches, short of rations, and barefooted. One corps marched yesterday and .last night over 30 miles. I take occasion to repeat that I will nse my utmost efforts to push forward this army. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. Major-General MEADE, WASHINGTON, D. 0., July 8, 1863. Army of the Potomac: Do not nnderstand me as expressing any dissatisfaction; on the contrary, your army has done most nobly. I only wish to give you opinions formed from information received here. It is telegraphed from near Harpers Ferry that the enemy have been crossing for the last two days. It is also reported that they have a bridge across. If Lees army is so divided by the river, the importance of attacking the part on this side is incalculable. Such an opportunity may never occur again. If, on the contrary, he has massed his whole force on the Antietam, time must be taken to also concentrate your forces. Yonr opportunities for information are better than mine. General Kelley was ordered some days ago to concentrate at Hancock and at- tack the enemys right. General Brooks is also moving from Pitts- burgh to re-enforce Kelley. All troops arriving from New York and Fort Monroe are sent directly to Harpers Ferry, unless you order differently. You will have forces snfficient to render your victory certain. My only fear now is that the enemy may escape by cross- ing the river. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Brig. Gen. LORENZO THOMAS, July 8, 1863. Adjutant-General, Washington: GENERAL: I have the honor herewith to transmit thirty-one bat- tle-flags, captured from the eiiemy in the recent battle at Gettys- burg. Several other flags were captured on that occasion, but those sent embrace all thus far sent in by corps commanders. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General, Gommanding. General P~rksdales sword was given in my charge to bring with the above flags. ED. SOTIRIVER Page 86 86 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [011k?. XXXIX. WASHINGTON, July 9, 18639.40 a. m. Major-General MEADE: If no arrangement was made between you and General Lee for the exchange and parole of prisoners of war, by designating places of delivery, as provided for in seventh article of cartel, no parole given by the troops of either army is valid. Please answer if any such agreement was made. H. W. HALLECK. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Middletown, July 9, 186311 a. m. (Received 12.10 p. in;) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The army is moving in three columns, the right column having in it three corps. The line occupied to-day with the advance will be on the other side of the mountains, from Boonsborough to Rohrersville. Two corps will march without their artillery, the animals being com- pletely exhausted, many falling on the road. The enemys infantry were driven back yesterday evening from Boonsborough, or, rather, they retired on being pressed toward Hagerstown. I am still under the impression that Lees whole army is between Hagerstown and Williamsport, with an advance at Middlebnrg, on the road to Green- castle, observing Couch. The state of the river and the difficulty of crossing has rendered it imperative on him to have his army, artil- lery, and trains ready to receive my attack. I propose to move on a line from Boonsborough toward the center of line from Hagers- town to Williamsport, my left flank looking to the river and my right toward the mountains, keeping the road to Frederick in my rear ana center. I shall try to keep as concentrated as the roads by which I can move will admit, so that, should the enemy attack, I can move to meet him, and, if he assumes the defensive, I can deploy as I think proper. I transmit a copy of dispatch, sent to General Smith, at Waynesborough. * One of like tenor was sent to General Couch. The operations of both those officers should be made to conform to mine. They can readily ascertain my progress from scouts and by the movements of the enemy, and, if the forces under them are ot any practical value, they could join my right flank and assist in the at- tack. My cavalry will be pushed to-day well to the front, on the right and left, and I hope will collect information. It is with the greatest difficulty that I can obtain any reliable intelligence of the enemy. I send a dispatci, received this morning from Qerteral Neill, in command of a brigade of infantry and cavalry, who fol- lowed the retreat of the enemy through Fair field, and effected a junc- tion with General Smith at Waynesborough. A copy of my dispatch to General Smith is also sent you.* When I spoke of two corps hav- ing to leave their batteries behind, I should have stated that they remained at Frederick to get new horses and shoe the others, and that they will rejoin their corps this p. m. The object of the remark was to show the delay. I think the decisive battle of the war will be fought in a few days. In view of its momentous consequemices, I desire to adopt such measures as in my judgment will tend to in- sure success, even though these may be deemed tardy. GEG. G. MEADE. * See Part III, p. 621 Page 87 CEAP. XXXIX.3 TIlE GEITYSBU1~G CAMPAIGN. 11.30 A. M. [P. S. ]A deserter has just been brought within our lines who re- ports the enemys army all between Hagerstown and Williamsport; that they have brought up a bridge from Winchester, which is now thrown across at Williamsport; that they are using this bridge, not to cross their forces, but to bring over supplies; that the men are in fine spirits, and the talk among theuf is they must try it again. This deserter says he ~belongs to the artillery of Stuarts command. I send the information for what it is worth. [Inclosure.] HDQRS. LIGHT Div., ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 9, 1863. General S. WILLIAMS: SIR: Baldy [W. F.] Smith is here with his command. Colonel [J. I.] Gregg, with brigade of cavalry, who leaves for Boonsborough to-night, will send this. A scout brings information that Lee has one corps intrenched on the Williamsport pike from Hagerstown; another on Boonsborough p ike; and Early is said to be up toward Middlebnrg (quien sabe ?), between Newcastle [Greencastle?] and Hagerstown. The news of the capture of Vicksburg is confirmed. Have sent a cavalry recon- naissance toward Hagerstown this morning; it has not returned. Since writing the above, have felt the enemys pickets with a regi- ment of cavalry at a bridge 4 or 5 miles from Hagerstown. They are stubborn. We drove them away, but they returned as we re- tired. General Smith is in with his mixed command. Am delighted to have the benefit of his counsel and advice. We are all right, but watch Earlys division on my right toward Middleburg. THOS. H. NEILL, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 9, 18635.20 p. m~ Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK, (Received 7.10 ~. in.) General-in-Chief: I transmit herewith a copy of instructions this moment sent to General Naglee at Harpers Ferry. Very respectfully, GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General. [Inclosure.] - HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Brigadier-General NAGLEE, Juty 9, 18635.20 p. m. Commanding Harpers Ferry: Organize the re-enforcements in brigades as fast as they arrive, and send them, through Rohrersville, to join the left of the army, seeing that they have haversacks and three days rations. First secure a garrison of 3,000 or 4,000 men to garrison Maryland Heights against a coup de main. A. A. HUMPHREYS. Chief of Staff Page 88 88 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. WASHINGTON, D; C., July 9, 18633 p. m. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEAt~E, Army of the Potomac: The evidence that Lees army will fight north of the Potomac seems reliable. In that case you will want all your forces in hand. Kelley is collecting at Hancock. I have directed him to push forward, so as to take part in the coming battle. Brooks militia refused to cross the Pennsylvania line. Everything I can get here will be pushed on to Harpers Ferry, from which place you can call them in to your left. Do not be influenced by any dispatch from here against your own judgment.. Regard them as suggestions only. Our informa- tion here is not always correct. Take any horses or supplies you can find in the country. They can be settled for afterward. Would it not be well to fortify the Hagerstown Gap, through the South Mountain, as a part of the support? H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 9, 18634.30 p. m. Major-General MEADE: Army of the Potomac: Two full regiments and two complete batteries are ordered to leave here to-night. Three brigades are on their way, and may be ex- pected to-morrow or the day after. They will be sent to Harpers Ferry, unless you wish otherwise. I shall do everything in my power to re-enforce you. I fully appreciate the importance of the coming battle. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 10, 18639 a. m. (Received 9.45 a. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Means of transportation and supplies required by the re-enforce- ments for this army being at Frederick, it would facilitate their junction with the army if the re-enforcements were sent to Freder- ick instead of Harpers Ferry. GEO. G. MEADE, ]1Eajor- General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 10, 186311.20 a. in. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: You can stop at Frederick the re-enforcements ordered to Harpers Ferry. Those ordered hereafter will be directed to Frederick, at your request. I fear the three additional brigades may not reach here before to-morrow night. H. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chie Page 89 C~. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGX. 89 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 10, 18631 p. m. (Received 3.10 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chief: The information received to-day indicates that the enemy occnpy positions extending from the Potomac, near Falling Waters, thron gh Downsville to Fnnkstown, and to the northeast of Hagerstown, Ewells corps being to the northeast of Hagerstown, Longstreet at Fnnkstown, and A. P. Hill on their right. These positions they are said to be intrenching. I am advancing on a line per[endidular to the line from Hagerstown to Williamsport, and the army will this ev ning occnpy a position extending from the Boonsborough and Hagerstown road, at a point 1 mile beyond Beaver Creek, to Bakers- yule, near the Potomac. Our cavalry advanced this morning, drove in the enemys cavalry on the Boonsborough hike to within a mile of Funkstown, when the enemy displayed a large force, and opened a fire from heavy guns, 20-pounders. I shall advance cautiously. on the same line to-morrow unti I can develop more fully the enemys force ~nd position, upon which my future operations will depend. General Smith is still at Waynesborough. A dispatch was received from him at that place this morning. linstructions similar to those of yesterday were sent to him. GEO. G. MEADE, lJIc4jor- General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 10, 18639 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: I think it will be best for you to postpone a general battle till you can concentrate all your forces and get n~ your i~eserves and re- enforcements. I will push on the troops as fast as they arrive. It would be well to have staff officers at the Monocacy, to direct the troops arriving where to go, and to see that they are properly fitted out. They should join you by {orced marches. Beware of partial combats. Bring up and hurl upon the enemy all your forces, good and bad. H. W. HALLECK. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 10, 1863. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington: SIR: I have the honor herewith to transmit five additional battle. flags captured from the enemy by the Second Army Corps in the re- cent engagement at Gettysburg. I also send a battle-flag captured at Chancellorsville, which has been sent in here. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. G. MEADE, Jifajor~General, Commanding Page 90 90 1{. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHA.1. XXXIX. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Near Jtliountain Hou8e, July 10, 1863. (Received 2.55 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: In consequence of the very efficient service and the material aid rendered to me by the cavalry during my recent operations, I wOuld esteem it a personal favor if the President would assign Major-Gen- eral Pleasonton to the command of the Cavalry Corps, the position I found him in when I assumed command. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 11, 186312 m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: Your telegram in relation to General Pleasonton has been shown to the Secretary of War. There is no intention to supersede him in com- mand of the cavalry. General Stoneman remains here. There is, however, an objection to any formal order at present. The three brigades are arriving. Assign them and their officers as you may deem best, without regard to present or former organizations. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Antietam Creek, July 11, 18634 p. m. (Received 5.30 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The line of this army was advanced cautiously this morning in the direction stated in yesterdays dispatch, and at this time its right rests on the road from Smoketown to Funkstown, about 2 miles from the latter, the line crossing the Antietam, passing through Jones Cross-Roads, the left being near Marsh Run. Strong reconnaissances of infantry are being pushed out toward Funkstown, on the left bank of the Antietam, toward the same point on the right bank, and on the road from Sharpsburg to Funkstow~n. At the same time, cavalry force is pushing out on the left, on the Boonsborough and Williams- port road, an4 on the right toward Hagerstown from Chewsville and Leitersburg. The cavalry on the Chewsville road advanced without opposition to within a short distance, about lj miles, of Hagerstown. The cavalry in the direction of Leitersburg and that advancing to-. ward Williamsport have not yet been heard from. Everything indi- cates that the enemy is massing between Hagerstown and Williams- port, and from various sources it is stated they are intrenching. From the representations of General Spinola that the nine months men of his command could not be relied upon, as their time had nearly expired, and my own experience of troops under such circum- stances, I have directed the regiments of his brigade to be posted. in the rear. Troops of this character can be of little service unless they~ are pledged to serve beyond their terms of enlistment; and the sup- plies they consume and the space they occupy on the lines of com- munication can be illy spared; besides, their presence may have an injurious effect upon other troops. I do not, therefore, desire tQ b Page 91 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 91 re-enforced by such troops unless they have pledged themselves to remain beyond their terms of service and until I can dispense with their services. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. 0., July 11, 18639 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: The nine months men told me that they were willing to serve through this crisis under any one but General Spinola, but would not serve under him, as they regarded him as worthless. You are authorized to relieve him and send him away. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 12, 18634.30 p. m. (Received 8 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Upon advancing my right flank across the Antietam this morning~, the enemy abandoned Funkstown and Hagers~own, and my line now extends from the latter place to Fair Play. The advance of the cavalry on the right showed the enemy to be strongly posted on the Hagerstown and Williamsport road, about ii miles from Hagerstown. On the left, the cavalry advance showed them to be in position back of Saint James College and at Downsville. Their position runs along the high ground from Downsville to near Hagerstown. This posi- tion they are intrenching. Batteries are estab is e on it. It is my intention to attack them to-morrow, unless something intervenes to prevent it, for the reason that delay will strengthen the enemy and will not increase my force. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 13, 18635 p. m. (Received 6.40 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: In my dispatch of yesterday I stated that it was my intention to attack the enemy to-day, unless something intervened to prevent it. Upon calling my corps commanders together and submitting the question to them, five ofit of six were unqualifiedly opposed to it. Under these circumstances, in view of the momentous consequences attendant upon a failure to succeed, I did not feel myself authorized to attack until after I had made more careful examination of the enemys position, strength, and defensive works. These examinations are now being made. So far as completed, they show the enemy to be strongly intrenched on a ridge rnnning from t~he rear of Hagerstown past Downsville to the Potomac. I shall continue these reconnais- sances with the expectation of finding some weak point, upon which, if I succeed, I shall hazard an attack. General W. F. Smith, of th Page 92 92 N. 0., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. advanced division of General Couchs forces, has arrived here to-day, but from the organization and condition of these troops, and, the short time they have to serve, I cannot place much reliance upon them. Difficulties arising with the troops sent me whose terms of service are about expiring, respecting the dates at which they expire, I beg to be informed by the Department upon that head respecting each such regiment sent to me. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 13, 18639.30 p. m. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Army of the Potomac: Yours of 5 p. m. is received. You are strong enough to attack and defeat the enemy before he can effect a crossing. Act upon your own judgment and make your generals execute your orders. Call no council of war. It is proverbial that councils of war never fight. Re-enforcements are pushed on as rapidly as possible. Do not let the enemy escape. H. ~. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 14, 186311 a. m. (Received 12.10 p. in.) Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chief: On advancing my army this morning, with a view of ascertaining the exact position of the enemy and attacking him if the result of the examination should justify me, I found, on reaching his lines, that they were evacuated. I immediately put my army in pursuit, the cavalry in advance. At this period my forces occupy Williams- port, but I have not yet heard from the advance on Falling Waters, where it is reported he crossed his infantry on a bridge. Your in- structions as to further movements, in case the enemy are entirely across the river, are desired. GEO. G. MEADE, ill a~jor-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 14, 18631 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: The enemy should be pursued and cut up, wherever he may have gone. This pursuit may or may not be upon the rear or flank, as cir- cum~tances may req~uire. The inner flank toward Washington pre- sents the greatest advantages. Supply yourself from the country as far as possible. I cannot advise details, as I do not know where Lees army is, nor where your pontoon bridges are. I need hardly say to you that the escape of Lees army without another battle has created great dissatisfaction in the mind of the President, and it will require an active and energetic pursuit on your part to remove the impression that it has not been sufficiently active heretofore. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief Page 93 Ca& i~. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 93 WASHINGTON, D. 0., July 14, 18632.30 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: Should you oross at Berlin, or below Harpers Ferry, your sup p lies for the time can be sent by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Gen- eral Meigs will, therefore, recall General Haupt and the Railroad Brigade to repair the Maiiassas road, so that supplies can meet you by Thoroughfare Gap or Warrenton, should you require them there. Telegraph condition of things. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 14, 18632.30 p. m. (Received 3.10 p.m.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Having performed my duty conscientiously and to the best of my ability, the censure of the President conveyed in your dispatch of 1 p. m. this day, is, in my judgment, so undeserved that I feel com- pelled most respectfully to ask to be immediately relieved from the command of this army. GEG. G. MEADE, ]Iiajor-General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 14, 18633 p. m. (Received 3.1~5 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLEcK, General-in-Chief: My cavalry now occupy Falling Waters, having overtaken and cap- tured a brigade of infantry 1,~500 strong, 2 guns, 2 caissons, 2 battle- flags, and a large number of small-arms. The enemy are all across the Potomac. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 14, 18633.30 p. m. (Received 4 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The difficulty of supplying the army in the Valley of the Shenan- doah, owing to the destruction of railroad, has decided me to move by Berlin. I shall pursue and harass the retreat of the enemy with my cavalry. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. 0., July 14, 18634.30 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: My telegram, stating the disappointment of the President at the escape of Lees.army, was not intended as a censure, but as a stimulu Page 94 94 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [cHAP. XXXIX. to an active pursuit. It is not deemed a sufficient cause for your application to be relieved. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 14, 18638.30 p. m. (Received 9.30 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: My cavalry have captured 500 prisoners, in addition to those pre- viously reported. General Pettigrew, of the Confederate army, was killed this morning in the attack on the enemys rear guard. His body is in our hands. A division of my cavalry crossed the river at Harpers Ferry to-day, who will pursue and harass the retreat of the enemy and give me information of his movements. General Kelley, with an infantry force, and Averells cavalry, have reached Williams- port. Am I authorized to detain him here to watch the Potomac while I move to Berlin? GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General, Gommanding. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 15, 18633.30 p. in. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: General Kelley has been ordered to cross the Potomac and act on Lees right flank, in order to prevent raids into West Virginia. It is hoped that he may be able to do the enemy some harm there. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Berlin, Md., July 15, 18637 p. m. (Received 8.40 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The army was set in motion this morning at daylight, four corps being directed to this place and three to Harpers Ferry. The bridge at Harpers Ferry was finished yesterday over the Shenandoah, at its mouth. Will be planked by daylight to-morrow. A break in the canal at the mouth of the Monocacy delays the transfer of pontoons from Harpers Ferry to this point; but every effort is being made to repair the Canal, which it is expected will be in order to-morrow. GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 15, 18638.30 p. in. (Received 9 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: I have ordered General Couch to cover the river from Harpers Ferry upward. Colonel [A. T.~ McReynolds is picketing it with hi Page 95 CRAP. XXXIX.] TilE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 95 cavalry from Harpers Ferry to Williamsport. General [D. MoM.] Gregg overtook and engaged the enemys cavalry near Charlestown this morning, taking 100 prisoners. He informs me that the enemys infantry are moving to Winchester. GEO. G. MEADE, 3~Iiajor-Generat. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 16, 186310 p. m. (Received 11.30 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The army is concentrated at this place and Harpers Ferry, and are supplying themselves as rapidly as possible with subsistence stores, forage, and certain indispensable articles of clothing. One bridge is completed at Harpers Ferry, and one will be completed at this point by 8 a. m. to-morrow. I shall immediately cross a division of cavalry to push forward and occupy the nearest gaps to Snickers G;~e infantry corps will be moved as soon as their commanders report them ready. I shall push the army forward as rapidly as pos- sible to Warrenton and beyond to Culpeper. I deem it proper, how- ever, to advise you that the army is greatly exhausted by previous service, both men and animals, particularly the latter. My cavalry force, from the casualties of battle and the fatigue of service, is greatly reduced. The number of men is reported below 10,000; the number of horses below 7,000; of these many barely able to get along. General Pleas- onton reports that a considerable number of his officers and men sent to Washington to be remounted have never returned, and that a large number sent to Frederick for the same purpose have not been able to procure horses. It is of the .greatest importance that the cav- alry should be placed in an efficient condition, as it is only by their prompt movements that I can obtain reliable information of the posi- tion of the enemy, and it is only by them I can guard my trains and rear. I beg leave, therefore, to urge that every exertion may be made to procure horses to remount the dismounted men and meet future contingencies. GEO. G. MEADE, JIIajor-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 16, 1863. ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington: SIR: I have the honor herewith to transmit three battle-flags, cap- tured from the enemy by Brigadier-General Kilpatricks division of cavalry. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General, Gommanding Page 96 96 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Lovettsville, July 18, 18637 p. m. Major-General HALLECK, (Received 8.45 ~. in.) General-in-Chief: Four infantry cordPs~ the Reserve Artillery, and two divisions of cavalry have crosse the Potomac at Berlin and Harpers Ferry last evening and to-day. The rest of the army will cross to-morrow. The division of cavalry which was sent forward yesterday have re- ported the occupation of Snickers Gap after a brisk skirmish with the enemy, taking a few prisoners, who reported themselves belong- ing to Whites guerrillas. I send forward to-day another division, to take possession of the gaps as far as Chester Gap. A cavalry force, two brigades, will be sent to-morrow through Aldie to cover and guard the Orange and Alexandria Railroad to Warrenton Junction and Warrenton. I would be glad to be advised how much of the road can be protected by the troops from Wash- ington. I have left Brigadier-General Lockwood, with the Maryland troops recently under his command, added to the force previously under General Naglee, making over 4,000 men in all, to hold Harpers Ferry, and directed him to report to General Couch, whom I have directed to assume command of the defense of the Upper Potomac until more definite intelligence is obtained of the movements of the enemy. I have received no intelligence of any kind of the enemy beyond the fact reported by the cavalry sent in pursuit, that he was moving on Winchester. Scouts have been sent in all directions, but none have as yet reported. I see by the public journals it is intimated that a part of Braggs army has been sent to Virginia. I p resume if any reliable intelli- gence of this fact reaches you, I shall be fully advised. My present plan is to move rapidly to Warrenton, open my communication by the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and then be governed by the position and movements of the enemy. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 18, 1863. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: You need have no fear of Bragg, Johnston, or Beauregard. Not a man will join Lee. His forces can only be re-enforced by a part of D. H. Hills command, and even then they will be far inferior in numbers to your army. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Lovettsville, July 19, 186310 a. m. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, (Received 10.15 a. in.) General-in-Chief: I am very anxious to have a competent commander for the Second Corps, made vacant by the wounding of Hancock. The very val Page 97 CHAP, XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAJGK. able services and most. efficient assistance rendered me by Brigadier- General Warren indnce me to nominate him for the commission of major-general, to be assigned to the Second Corps. I consick~r the efficiency and spirit of this army will be greatly promoted by making this appointment, and have therefore to earnestly nrge it. I wonld also be greatly gratified if the commission of brigadier-general conld be bestowed on Col. Kenner Garrard, One hnndred and forty-sixth New York Yolnnteers, and Col. Sidney Bnrbank, Second Infantry. GEO. G. MEADE, ]ilajor- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 19, 18639.30 p. m. Maj. Gen. H. ~. HALLECK, (Received July 20, l2.~i0 a. in.) General-in-Chief: The Twelfth, Eleventh, and Sixth Corps crossed the river to-day. The position of the army to-night is as follows, viz: The Third Corps in the vicinity of Wood Grove, the Second Corps in rear of it, and the Twelfth Corps nearly abreast of Hillsborongh; the Fifth Corps in the vicinity of Pnrcellville, the Reserve Artillery in rear of the Fifth Corps, and the Sixth Corps at the crossing of the Lovettsville and Pnrcellville pike, by the Waterford and Hillsbor- ough road. The First Corps is in the vicinity of Hamilton, and the Eleventh Corps between Waterford and Hamilton. It will be seen from this that the army is moving in three columns. Two. divisions of cavalry are in front and on the right flank, those in front moving rapidly to overtake the enemy; a brigade in rear, and two brigades moving to protect the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. The information derived from onr scouts represents infantry of the enemy at Front Royal on the 16th, and indicates that his army is moving up the Valley and on Culpeper. After to-day I shall not be in communication with the telegraph nntil l reach Warrenton. GEO. G. MEADE, liifajor- General, Commanding. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 21, 186310 a. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: It is reported that Hills corps has moved back to Martinsburg, compelling Kelley to recross the Potomac at Cherry Rnn. General Foster applies for Brig. Gen. H. M. Naglee. He will be ordered to return to Fort Monroe and report to General Foster. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS AT LINDEN, Crest of Mianassas Gap, July 23, 186310 p. m. (Received, via Harpers Ferry, Va., July 25, 8.40 a. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: On the evening of the 20th, this army was posted on the two pikes from Aldie to Winchester, the cavalry occnpying Snickers and A4~- 7 j~ ~voL xxvII, PT Page 98 98 N. C., VA., W. VAT., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. bys Gaps with slight opposition. All the information respecting the enemy indicated that he was still in position from Winchester to Martinsburg. Lest the continuance of my march should enable him to get into my rear and interrupt or interfere with my communica- tions, I halted during the 21st, throwing forward my cavalry to Ma- nassas and Chester Gaps. Manassas Gap my cavalry occupied, but they were driven back from Chester Gap. On the morning of the 22d, being satisfied that the enemys army was in full movement south- ward toward Culpeper Court-House or Orange Court-House, I directed two corps to cover my depots at Warrenton and White Plains, and threw forward the other five corps to Manassas Gap. At daylight this morning, the Third Corps entered Manassas Gap, and, advancing beyond the crest, has been skitmishing with and driving back the enemy. At dark the enemy held a position covering the entrance to Chester Gap from Front Royal. The information respecting his army is somewhat contradictory. It is reported to me by signal officers and my cavalry to have been moving with its trains yester- day and to-day up the Valley of the Shenandoah, through Front Royal and Strasburg, and through Chester Gap toward Culpeper, though there are reasons for my considering it probable that but a small portion of his army has passed on. I shall attack his position covering Chester Gap to-morrow at daylight. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 23, 1863. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: Brig. Gen. G. Marston has been assigned by the Secretary of War to the command of Saint Marys District, Maryland, where he is to establish a camp for prisoners of war. You will assign to him a guard of about 300 men from New Hampshire regiments. It is re- ported that there are only about that number in the Second, Fifth, and Twelfth New Hampshire Volunteers. If more convenient, any other New Hampshire troops may be taken. It is intended to return these regiments to the Army of the Potomac as soon as they can be filled up with drafted men from that State. Any prisoners of war you may have will be turned over to General Marston, who is directed to show you his instructions. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 24, 18638 p. m. (Received, via Warrenton, July. 2~, 4.10 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: I last night telegraphed you that, after driving the enemy through Manassas Gap, the head of the army, consisting of the Third Corps, had reached within a few miles of Front Royal at sunset, and was in the presence of a considerable force of the enemy, with batteries in position. Prisoners taken belonged to the three several corps of th Page 99 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. Confederate Army, and reliable intelligence was obtained of the ar- rival of Ewells corps from Winchester at the close of the engage- ment. It was not until late in the evening that the army debouched from the pass sufficiently to deploy any larger force than the Third Corps, though this corps was followed immediately by the Fifth and Second. During the night, the Twelfth and two divisions of the Sixth were ordered up, and it was my intention, as reported to you, to at- tack with my whole force, in the hope of separating the force of the enemy and capturing such portions as had not reached the passes. I regret to inform you that, on advancing this morning at daylight, the enemy had again disappeared, declining battle, and though an immediate advance was made and Front Royal occupied, nothing was seen of him but a rear guard of cavalry with a battery of artillery. I i~hen ascertained that for two days. he had been retreating with great celerity, principally through Strasburg and Luray, sending through Chester Gap sufficient force to cover his flank and hold me in check in my advance through Manassas Gap. As evidence of the hurried manner in which the enemys retreat was conducted, is the fact of his abandoning some 80 wounded in Front Royal without any supplies. My cavalry have been employed in harassing the enemy, having captured numerous prisoners and several herds of cattle and sheep. Finding the enemy entirely beyond my reach, I have withdrawn the army from Front Royal, through Manassas Gap, and shall concen- trate it in the vicinity of Warrenton and Warrenton Junction for supplies and to establish a base of communication. The losses in yesterdays engagement are reported to amount to some 200 killed and wounded, * among the latter General Spinola. The enemy is believed to have gone to Culpeper, and probably be- yond. GEG. G. MEADE, ]lfajor-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 25, 186312.30 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: Your telegram of 10 p. in., 23d, is just receivedthe first commu- nication from you for four or five days. The Quartermasters and Commissary Departments have been prepared to send forward sup- plies, but were uncertain of the position of your army. Every pos- sible effort has been made to send remounts to your cavalry, but the destruction of horses is enormous. Every serviceable horse in the country occupied should be impressed. They only serve for guer- rillas. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 25, 18632 p. m. (Received 3.50 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: I have just reached Warrenton. The detachments of the Thir- teenth and Sixteenth Regiments New York Cavalry,_alluded to in * But see revised statement, p. 19~ Page 100 100 N. C., VA., W. VA., Mm, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. your dispatch of the 21st, will be ordered to return at once to their regiments in the vicinity of Warrenton. I take this occasion to request that the detachments of cavalry now about Washington belonging to my command may be immediately ordered to their regi- ments, more especially those belonging to the Firsf Rhode Island and Twelfth Illinois Regiments. GEO. G. MEADE, Mc~jor- General. Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Warrenton, July 25, 18637 p. m. (Received July 26, 12.30 a. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK,. General-in- Chief: Your telegram of 12.30 p. m. is received. I telegraphed you on the 19th instant. After that date, being away from telegraphic com- munication, and the guerrillas rendering the transmission of dis- patches insecure, I did i~ot telegraph till the 23d, as there was noth- ing particular to communicate, and nothing definite known of the enemy. When I left the Potomac River, I requested the quarter- masters and commissary departments to throw supplies to Warren- ton and Warrenton Junction. After I found the movements of the enemy might detain me from reaching Warrenton as soon as originally expected, I requested the chief and acting chief of those departments to have a limited amount of supplies sent to White Plains, to meet contingencies. The chiefs of these departments with me were fully apprised of my views and plans as soon as they were formed. As soon as I had crossed the river, I sent two brigades of cavalry to guard the Orange and Alex- andria road and its branch to Warrenton, and the very moment my army was within reach of those places, two corps were sent to guard Warrenton, Warrenton Junction and White Plains. The service the cavalry have had to perform has been trying on horses, and the rocky charac.ter of the roads very destructive of shoes. Four corps are to-night in this vicinity; the remaining three will be in position to-morrow. My cavalry are on the Rappahannock. One division is at Amissville, beyond the Rappahannock, annoying the rear of the enemy; another at Orleans, covering the movements of the infantry. No positive intelligence has been received of the movements of the enemy. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Warrenton, July 25, 18637 p. m. (Received 10 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: I beg leave to call your attention to my telegram of the 19th in- stant, making certain nominations of general officers, particularly nominating a commander for the Second Corps, and to ask whether any action has been had on the same. QEO. G. MEADE, Major- General Page 101 CHAP. XXXIXJ THE GETTYSBU1~G OAMPAIG~. 101 WASHINGTON, D. C., July 26, 1863. Major-General MEADE, IYarrenton, Va: It is impossible to promote General Warren at present. There is no vacancy. I have recommended the discharge of certain useless major-generals, but it has not been acted on. The delay in sending back detachments of cavalry results from want of horse equipments, all on hand having been sent to your army and to General Couch. Others are expected daily. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 26, 18638p. m. (Received 8.30 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: How far from Alexandria can the troops from Washington guard the Orange and Alexandria Railroad? I ask, that I may direct my troops to connect with them. Do you desire or expect I should take any steps for the reoccupation of the Shenandoah Valley, now aban doned by the enemy? GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 27, 1863. Major-General MEADE, Army of. the Potomac: I see no advantage in the reoccupation of the Shenandoah Valley. Lees army is the objective point. General Heintzelman will reply in regard to his guarding the railroad. H. W. HALLECIC General-in~-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 27, 1863. Major-General MEADE, IVarrenton, Va.: General Heintzelman says that with his present force he cannot guard the road beyond Manassas Junction. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, IYarrenton, July 27, 1863. (Received 12.15 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H.. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: From Warrenton Junction it is reported that artillery firing is b~eard in the direction of Aquia Creek and at Fredericksburg. I have sent no force in that direction. Have any been sent from Washington? GEO. G. MEADE, liiliajor-Genera& Page 102 ib~. cx, VA., W. VA., Mt., PA., ETC. (OHAP. XXXIX. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 27, 1863. Major-General MEADE, Warrenton, Va.: No troops have been sent in the direction of Aquia Greek or Fred- ericksburg. The firing is probably from gunboats in that Vicinity. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Warrenton, July 27, 18634 p. m. (Received 5.45 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The only object in reoccupying the Valley of the Shenandoah would be to prevent the enemy from having the benefit of the in- coming crops, which last year, I understand, he employed his army in gathering, and sent to the rear for winter use. If the Valley is not occupied, would it not be well to direct the forces under General Couch to come here, and occupy and guard the railroad forming my line of communication, which, if the enemy does not make any de- fense of the Rapidan, will be a very long line, and will require for its security a large detachment from this army? I make this sug- gestion because I understood the forces under General Couch were under my general command only while my operations were in Mary- land and Pennsylvania, and since crossing the Potomac I have ex- ercised no control over them. The condition of my cavalry is such that it will, perhaps, be a day or two before I can throw a large force across the Rappahannock to ascertain the exact position of the enemy. Scouts report a force at Culpeper and one near Cedar Mountain, though the general impression seems to be that the main body has gone to Gordonsville. The Rappahannock at Sulphur Springs and below is not fordable at present, having over 4 feet of water. GEO. G. MEADE, Jllajor- Generat. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 27, 1863. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: The occupation of the Shenandoah is now a matter of very little importance. It is supposed that General Couchs forces, being mi- litia, are about melted away. They would be worthless if ordered forward. General [Charles] Griffins resignation is accepted. * You will supply his place. H. ~. HALLECK, General-in-Chief HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C., ~July 27, 1863. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Gommanding Army of the Potomac; Major-General HEINTZELMAN, Commanding Department of Washington: GENERALS: The numerous depredations committed by citizens or rebel soldiers in disguise, harbored and concealed by citizens, along * Acceptance annulled July 28, 1863.COMPILER Page 103 CHAP. XXXIX.1 io~ THE GETTYSBUHG CAMPATG~. the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and within our lines, call for prompt and exemplary punishment. You will, therefore, arrest and confine for punishment, or put beyond our lines, every citizen against whom there is sufficient evidence of his haying engaged in these prac- tices. You will also notify the people within 10 miles of the rai road that they will be held responsible in their persons and property for any injury done to the road, trains, depots, or stations, by citizens, guerrillas, or persons in disguise, and, in case of such injury, they will be impressed as laborers to repair all damages. If these measures should not stop such depredations, the entire in- habitants of the district of country along the railroad will be put across the lines and their property taken for Government uses. Very respectfully, your obedient servant H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 28, 1863. Brig. Gen. LORENZO THOMAS, Adjutant-General of the Army: GENERAL: I have the honor herewith to transmit two additional battle-flags captured from the enemy at the battle of Gettysburg, on which are the following inscriptions, viz: First, Captured from Eighth Florida Regiment by Sergt. Thomas Horan, Seventy-second New York (Third Excelsior) Volunteers. Second, Taken by Capt. Hugo Siedlitz, Company A, Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania Volun. teers, from a regiment of Rodes division, Earlys [Ewells] corps. I am, general, very respe~tfully, your obedient servant, GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 28, 18633 p. m. (Received 7.36 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: I am making every effort to prepare this army for an advance The principal difficulties encountered are the p assage of the Rappa- hannock (at present unfordable, but which wi11 p~obably be bridged to-night), also the want of animals for the batteries and cavalry, to supply which the quartermasters department is doing everything pos- sible. The recent marches in the mountain passes and the excessive heat of the weather caused a great loss of animals and the exhaustion of many others. A large proportion of the animals require shoeing. It is also necessary to accumulate subsistence stores to load the trains before starting. I am in hopes to commence the movement to-mor- row, when I shall first throw over a cavalry force to feel for the enemy, and cross the infantry as fast as possible. My plan is to ad- vance on the railroad to Culpeper and as far beyond as the enemys position will permit, to detach sufficient force to hold and guard the railroad from Manassas Junction, and thus test the question which has been raised of the capacity of the Orange and Alexandria Rail- road to supply the army and the practicability of maintaining open such a long line of communication Page 104 104 Th C., VA., w. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. xxxix. No reliable intelligence of the position of the eiiemy has been ob- tained. He pickets the Rappahannock from Fredericksburg to Rap- pahannock Station. These pickets, however, seem to be mere look- outs, to warn him of my approach. Some camps can be seen at Pony Mountain, near Culpeper, and in the vicinity of Cedar Mount- ain. Contradictory reports from citizens and scouts place the main body, some at Gordonsville, others say at Staunton and Charlottes- ville, and some assert the retreat has been extended to Richmond. My own expectation is that he will be found behind the line of the Rapidan, which, from all I can learn, presents a favorable line of defense, most of the fords being commanded by the southern bank, where his artillery can be used to advantage. If I can hold the rail- road without too great a weakening of my force, and it proves to have the capacity to afford all the supplies needed, I shall advance until the enemy is encountered or definite information obtained of his movements. By holding the road, I do not refer to the force necessary to pre- vent the injuries caused by guerrillas, but against large bodies of cavalry or other forces placed on my flank and rear for the purpose of destroying my communications. GEG. G. MEADE, ]Jfajor- General. P. S.4 ~. M.A scout just returned from across the river reports the enemy have repaired the railroad bridge across the Rapidan, and are using the road to Culpeper Court-House; that Lee has been re-enforced by D. H. Hill, reported with 10,000 men, and that he intends to make a stand at Culpeper or in its vicinity. UNOFFICIAL.] HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Major-General MEADE, Washington, July 28, 1863. Army of the Potomac, Warrenton, Va.: GENERAL: I take this method of writing you a few words which I could not well communicate in any other way. Your fight at Gettysburg met with the universal approbation of all military men here. You handled your troops in that battle as well, if not better, than any general has handled his army during the war. You brought all your forces into action at the right time and place, which no commander of the- Army of the Potomac has done before. You may well be proud of that battle. The Presidents order, or proclamation, of July 4, showed how much he appreciated your suc- cess. And now a few words in regard to subsequent events. You should not have been surprised or vexed at the Presidents disappointment at the escape of Lees army. He had examined into all the details of sending you re-enforcements, to satisfy himself that every man who could possibly be spared from other places had been sent to your army. He thought that Lees defeat was so certain that he felt no little impatience at his unexpected escape. I have no doubt, gen- eral, that you felt the disappointment as keenly as any one else. Such things sometimes occur to us without any fault of our own. Take it altogether, your short campaign has proved your superior generalship, and you merit, as you will receive, the confidence of th Page 105 d~. kXXIX.j Ttn~ ai~rrYsI3trRG CAMi~Aft~. 1O~ Government and the gratitude of the country. I need not assure you, general, that I have lost none of the confidence which I felt in you when I recommended you for the command. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. HALLECK. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 29, 186310 a. m. Major-General MEADE,. Warrenton, Va.: The following note of the President is communicated for your in- formation. I will write you more fully to-day: EXEcUTIVE MANSION, July 29, 1863. Major-General HALLECK: Seeing General Meades dispatch of yesterday to yourself, causes me to fear that he supposes the Government here is demanding of him to bring on a general en- gagement with Lee as soon as possible. I am claiming no such thing of him, In - fact, my judgment is against it; which judgment, of course, I will yield if yours and his are the contrary. If he could not safely, engage Lee at Williamsport, it seems absurd to suppose he can safely engage him now, when he has scarcely more than two-thirds of the force he had at Williamsport, while it must be that Lee has been re-enforced. True, I desired General Meade to pursue Lee across the Potomac, hoping, as has proved true, that he would thereby clear the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and get some advantage by harassing him on his retreat. These being past, I am unwilling he should nowget into a general engagement on the impression that we here are pressing him, and I shall be glad for you to so inform him, unless your own judgment is against it. Yours, truly, A. LINCOLN. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 29, 186311 a. m. (Received 11.45 a. in.) H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Much feeling exists in this army in regard to the Eleventh Corps. This consideration, in addition to my own judgment that the other corps should be increased, induces me to submit to you for approval the propriety of breaking up the organization of this corps by send- ing General Howard with one division to the Second Corps, which he will then command, another division to the Twelfth Corps, and leaving the third division, under General Schurz, with a brigade of cavalry, to guard my rear from the Rappahannock to Manassas Junc- tion. Please reply as soon as convenient. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 29, 18632.30 p. m. Major-General MEADE, Army of the Potomac: As it is quite possible that we may be obliged to detach som& of your troops, to enforce the draft and to bring on the drafted men, Page 106 106 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC~ [cHAP. XXXIX. think it would be best to hold for the present the upper line of the Rappahannock without farther pursuit of Lee. I will telegraph you as soon as I can get a decision in regard to the Eleventh Corps. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 29, 1863. Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: GENERAL: Since my dispatch of this morning, I have had a con- sultation with Major-General Schurz, who has presented views to me which may in some measure modify your action. I have, there- fore, authorized General Schurz to see you on the manner of effecting the change proposed in such way as to be least offensive to the officers and men concerned, and I shall be very glad if the propositions of General Schurz should meet with your approval, as it is my desire to render this change as agreeable to this officer and those under his command as the interests of the public service will permit. Respectfully, yours, GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 30, 18631 p. m. (Received 3 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Your telegrams of yesterday of 10.30 a. m. and 2 p. m. were duly received. The impression of the President is correct. I have been acting under the belief, from your telegrams, that it was his and your wish that I should pursue Lee and bring him to a general engage- ment, if practicable. The President, however, labors under two mis- apprehensions: First, I did not fail to attack Lee at Williamsport because I could not do so safely; I simply delayed the attack until, by examination of. his position, I could do so with some reasonable degree of probability that the attack would be successful. He with- drew before that information could be obtained. Secondly, my army at this moment is about equal in strength to what it was at Williams- port, the re-enforcements, principally Gordons division, from the Peninsula, which reached me at Berlin, being about equal tQ the losses sustained by the discharge of the nine months men. By nine months men, I mean those who were with the army at Gettysburg and before, and do not refer to several regiments that reported at Hagers- town, but from their disorganization were never brought to the front. With this preliminary explanation, and the fact that my army is now in a condition to move, it becomes necessary that the question of an advance should be definitely settled at the earliest possible mo- ment. The solution of this question will depend in a measure on data not in my possession, such, for instance, as is referred to by you in your telegram of 2.30 p. in., viz, the withdrawal of a p art of ~his army. So far as the question is a military one, dependent on the relative condition of the two armies, I am of the opinion that, even if Lei has been re-enforced by 10,000 men, owing to the losses sus- tained by him in his recent campaign, I ought still to. be able to cop Page 107 OI~AP. XXXIX.) THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 1o~p with him, provided he is not found in a very strong position, where the natural and artificial obstacles to be overcome are such that, with inferior or equal numbers on his part, the advantages referred to in reality make him my superior. This, of course, can only be tested or settled by an advance and coming in contact with him. The information as to the enemys position and movements, as pre- viously reported, is very meager and ~ontrad~ct~ry. I have still to rely on my own judgment and reasoning, which is, as before stated, that he will be found prepared to dispute the passage of the Rapidan, represented to be a very strong line for defense. With my pontoon bridges, the probabilities are, that, avoiding the fords, where, of course, he will be prepared to receive me, I shall be able to find some point where the commanding heights being on my side, with my ar~ tillery in position, I can force a passage; and the river once passed, his line becomes untenable. To do this, however, will require the whole force I have at present. Indeed, if it were practicable, I should desire an increase, as I shall have to leave in my rear a large detach- ment to guard my depots and communications. To conclude, therefore, in my judgment, if there were no other considerations than the relative strength and position of the two armies, I should favor an advance. Of course, you and the Presi- dent will be governed by such other considerations as may exist, and your decision, when communicated, will be promptly and strictly complied with. Presuming, for the purposes of this paper, that it is decided not to advance, the question then arises what course is to be pursued. In your telegram of 2.30 p. m. of yesterday,~you indicate holding the line of the Upper Rappahannock. I have to say, in regard to this line, that I do not consider it as. offering any particular advantage, as at low stages of water the river is fordable in so many places, and with pontoon trains, which the enemy are known to possess, he can cross where it is not fordable. Hence, it will be impossible, supposing he assumes the offensive, to prevent his turning my flanks, or, as I propose to do at the Rapidan, forciizig a passage at some point where he can get the command for his artillery on his side. This will, how- ever, in a measure depend on my strength, which can only be known after you have decided how much of my force you will withdraw. There is one consideration to which your attention is called, and that is, in case I do not advance, what probability there is that you will be enabled to re-enforce this army more rapidly than the enemy will be his. Our past experience has shown a fertility of resource and a power over his people in bringing out men which leads me to fear that in this respect a delay will be more advantageous to him than to us, notwithstanding the exhaustion and discontent which it is known the war has produced in his country. I shall not make any movement under existing circumstances till your views and wishes are sent to me. GEO. G. MEADE, Miajor-Generctt. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 30, 1863. Major-General MEADE, Warrenton, Va.: Four regiments of infantry (not New York or Pennsylvania) will be immediately sent from the Army of the Potomac to New Yor Page 108 1O~ N. C., VA., W. VA., MI)., 1~A., I~TO. tCIw~. XXXIX. Harbor, to report to General Canby. The officer in command will telegraph to the Quartermaster-General the numbers for transporta- tion. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 30, 1863. Major-General MEADE Warrenton, Va.: The troops to be sent east should number from 1,500 to 2,000. This detachment is all that it is proposed at present to take from your army; but under no circumstances can we now give you any re-enforcements. Every place has been stripped to the bare poles. Keep up a threatening attitude, but do not advance. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 31, 186310.30 a. m. (Received 10.40 a. in.) H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: In compliance with your instructions of yesterday, the following regiments have been ordered to New York Harbor, to report to Brigadier-General Canby: First and Thirty-seventh Massachusetts, Fifth Wisconsin, and Twentieth Indiana; aggregate prcsent for duty, 1,643. The regiments left here early this morning for Warrenton Junction, there to take railroad transportation to Washington. Owing to the large number of trains now run over the road, I presume the regi- ments will not reach Washington before to-night. Col. Oliver Edwards, Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Regiment, oom- mands the troops, and he has been instructed to acquaint the Quar- termaster-General, by telegraph, with the strength of his command. GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 31, 18638.45 p. m. Major-General MEADE Warrenton, Va.: Capt. [S. C.] Means reports that about 500 of the enemys cavalry have appeared at Point of Rocks. The present time should be availed of to drive out every guerrilla and disloyal man between the Potomac, Rappaliannock, and Blue Ridge. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. UNOFFICIAL.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 31, 1863. Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Mv DEAR GENERAL: I thank you most sincerely ~nd heartily for your kind and generous letter of the 28th instant, received last eve Page 109 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGY. 109 ing. It would be wrong in me to deny that I feared there existed in the minds of both the President and yourself an idea Lhat I had failed to do what another would and could have done in the with- drawal of Lees army. The expression you have been pleased to use in your letter, to wit, a feeling of disappointment, is one that I cheerfully accept and readily admit was as keenly felt by myself as any one. But permit nie, dear general, to call your attention to the distinction between disappointment and dissatisfaction. The one was a natural feeling, in view of the momentous consequences that would have resulted from a successful attack, but does not necessa- rily convey with it any censure. I could not view the use of the latter expression in any other light than as intending to convey an ~ to do what I might and shou d have done. Now, let me say, in the frankness which characterizes your letter, that perhaps the President was right; if such was the case, it was my duty to give him an oppor- tunity to replace me by one better fitted for the command of the army. It was, I assure you, with such feelings that I applied to be relieved. It was not from any personal considerations, for I have tried in this whole war to forget all personal considerations, and have always maintained they should not for an instant influence any ones actions. Of course you will understand that I do not agree that the Presi- dent was right, and I feel sure when the true state of the case comes to be known, th4 however natural and great may be the feeling of disappointment, no blame will be attached to any one. Had I attacked Lee the day I proposed to do so, and in the igno- rance that then existed of his position, I have every reason to believe the attack would have been unsuccessful, and would have resulted. disastrously. This opinion is founded on the judgment of numer- ous, distinguished officers, after inspecting Lees vacated works and position. Among these officers I could name Generals Sedgwick, Wright, Slocum, Hays, Sykes, and others. The idea that Lee had abandoned his lines early in the day that he withdrew, I have positive intelligence is not correct, and that not a man was withdrawn till after dark. I mention these facts to re- move the impression, which newspaper correspondents have given the public, that it was only necessary to advance to secure an easy victory. I had great responsibility thrown on me. On one side were the known and important fruits of victory, and, on the other, the equally important and terrible consequences of a defeat. I considered my position at Williamsport very different from that at Gettysburg. When I left Frederick, it was with the firm determina- tion to attack and fight Lee, without regard to time or place, as soon as I could come in contact with him; but after defeating him, and re- quiring him to abandon his schemes of invasion, I did not think my- self justified in makilig a blind attack simply to prevent his escape, and running all the risks attendin~ such a venture. Now, as I said before, in this, perhaps, I erred in judgment, for I take this occasion to say to you, and through you to the President, that I have no pre~. tensions to any superior capacity for the post he has assigned me to; that all I can do is to exert my utmost efforts and do the best I can; but that the moment those who have a right to judge my ac- tions think, or feel satisfied, either that I am wanting or that an- other would do better, that moment I earnestly desire to be relieved, not on my own account, but on account of the country and the cause Page 110 [ChAr. XXXIX 110 N. C.~ VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. You must excuse so much egotism, but your kind letter in a measure renders it necessary. I feel, genera, ver proud of your good opinion, and assure you I shall endeavor in the future to con- tinue to merit it. Reciprocating the kind feeling you have expressed, I remain, gen- eral, most truly and respectfully, yours, GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General. WASHINGTON, D. 0., August 1, 1863. Major-General MEADE, Warrenton, Va.: To avoid all misunderstanding on the subject, when in the exer- cise of the authority conferred on you you assume command of any post or troops belonging to another department, and when you re- linquish the command of any such place or troops, please notify the commanding general of that department of your action in the matter. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, August 1, 18634.30 p. m. (Received 7.15 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: On leaving the Potomac, in view of the probability of the return of Lee or a part of his army into Maryland, I directed General Couch to assume the defense of the river from Williamsport to Harpers Ferry, and placed under his command the garrison at Harpers Ferry, under General Lockwood. My position being now so remote, and the enemy having evacuated the Valley, I have re- linquished all control over General Couch, and directed General Lockwood to report to General Schenek. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, August 1, 186310 p. m. (Received 11.45 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: In compliance with your instructions to occupy the line of the Upper Rappahannock, this army has to-day been placed in position from Waterloo Crossing on the right to Ellis Ford on the left. War- renton, New Baltimore, Brentsville, and Morrisville are all occupied, and connected with the forces on the river by pickets and patrols. The cavalry on the right flank at Amissville, picketing to the mount- ains; on the left, from Ellis to United States Ford on the river, thence to Aquia Creek. A brigade of cavalry is at White Plains, scouting between the Bull Run Mountains and the Blue Ridge, in our rear~ ~notiwr brigade scouts on my left, between the Rappahannock aa Page 111 C~. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. ill Occoquan. Last night and this morning bridges were thrown over the river at the railroad crossing and at Kellys Ford. Infantry was crossed at each place, and the necessary works to rrotect the bridges will be constructed. The railroad bridge will be immediately re- paired. At 10 a. m. this morning, Bufords cavalry division crossed at the railroad crossing, and soon encountered the enemys cavalry. The latest report from him, just received, dated 4.30 p. in., he had driven Jones and Hamptons brigades to within ij miles of Cul- peper, where he reports A. P. Hills corps to be in position. He has been ordered to fall back, and hold as advanced a position in front of the Rappahannock as he can do with security. GEO. G. MEADE,. Major-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, August 3, 18638 p. m. (Received 8.50 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLEOK, General-in-Chief: No telegram was sent yesterday, being Sunday. Late Saturday night (August 1), Bufords command of cavalry reported that, after driving the enemys cavalry to within ij miles of Culpeper Court- House, he was met by 5,000 infantry and three batteries of artillery, who compelled him to retire this side of Brandy Station, at which point they ceased their pursuit. Buford took up a position between the Rappahannock a~ Brandy Station, which he has held undis- turbed yesterday and to-day, though at times to-day the enemys cav- alry assumed a menacing attitude, believed by General Buford an attempt to examine our position. The position of the army is as last reported, excepting that there are two divisions of the First Corps on the right bafrk of the Rappa- hannock, at the railroad crossing, and one brigade of cavalry posted in front of Kellys Ford, picketing toward Stevensburg and the fords on the Lower Rapidan. The signal officer on Watery Mountain, near Warrenton, reports the disappearance of camps near Culpeper, and a movement of wagon trains from that point toward Orange Court-House. The cavalry on the left report no force on this side near Fal- mouth; but a prisoner states that Cookes brigade, 3,000 strong, had arrived at Fredericksburg from Richmond. The railroad bridge over the Rappahannock was repaired to-day. GEO. G. MEAIIE, Major-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, August 3, 1863. THE ADJtJTANT-GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor herewith to transmit a tabular statement of the casualties in the Army of the Potomac at the battle of Gettys- burg, July 1, 2, and 3, 1863.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General, Commanding. *l3lLt see revised statement, pp. 173187 Page 112 ~0 02 * H ~1. ~ 1-1 ~ ~p ~ CO rJ2CO . COc~ ~ CO - (0 ~ ~02 n N N ~1 (0 N ~I ~ (01 -. - CO ~ CO Z H02~J n.o~ ~ H H ~02 N ~.02 N ~ ~ . 22~.~.0 02 ~0020 0202N 0~~N ~ . N n.e (2 (L. N. ~ N ~. N .~ ~ N0 (0. CO 0 N 02 H N N CO 0 N ~02N N ~ N ~ In. N 0(0 (0n.N ~ ~n.~j ~. .0020 n. 20 n.N N N 0 02 0 0 N P. ~~0000~(0 02:0~0.~:. ~ a~ ~: ~ Officers. (0 ~ Enlisted men. ~ 02 2-~ 02 Officers. 00020202 022-~C2100 ~ ~ - ~ - N N 02 - n. ~00 ~ -~-I00 020202 ;i 0000~i~.02 Enlisted men. ~ 0200.- 02 0200~.1 ~ 02~02~ 1 ~ 0. 00 022~ 00~00~ Officers. 02 n 02 00 02 02 ~ 00~0200 00 ~ 0002 Enlisted men. ~020202 ~ 0202 ~ 00~ 020002 ~ 02 0200 02 000002 020202 0 A102~ l~ 02020200 ~ ~oo~ 00 ~ Officers. H 1~ 0 00 j~-~ ~02 N 0 0~ 02 .00200 00 02 ~0200 02 2~00~0 0 ~00 ~02 -~I020002 02 2.~20~00 00 ~02~0 0 0~ ~ 00 02 Enlisted men. 000200 02000001 000202 0 ~02~0! 02~00 02 ~0200 ~ 0200002 02 0 0202 00 ~02 002 ~ 02 ~02 02 ~ 00 0200002 Aggregate. 02 CO (0 0 CO2 (0 CO 02 -~ 22. CCO02 02 ~ CO~ ~ 0 CC 222 (0 00 0 CO CO CO CO 02 CO CO CO Page 113 Ca& p. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 113 List of killed, wounded, and missing in the Army of the Potomac at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 2, and 3, 1863Continued. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. Command. 8 8 8 8 ~ ~u r~i u ~e ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ 8 ~ 8 ~ C ~ C ~ C CAVALRY CORPS. First Division 1 42 12 164 8 887 21 598 614 Second Division ::::.:: . ... 7 6 29 1 108 7 144 151 Third Division 9 68 28 285 27 726 64 1,079 1,143 Total 10 117 46 478 86 1,221 92 1,816 1,908 Artillery Reserve 2 89 15 182 15 286 258 RECAPITULATION. 0 .8 Officers and men. ~ 0 3~ Officers 243 1,076 215 Enlisted men 2,591 12,637 6,4.28 Total 2~884l8~7l8j__6,643 Aggregate* 28,190 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, August 4, 18639 p. m. (Received 11 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: Matters remain much the same as reported yesterday. A recon- naissance by the cavalry on the right proves the abandonment of the line of the Hedgmans River, hitherto held by the enemys pickets, our cavalry crossing without opposition at Rixeyville, and meeting no enemy until within 2 miles of Culpeper, when they encountered a superior cavalry force about 4p. m. The enemy attacked Buford in front of Rappahannock railroad crossing with cavalry and artil- lery. They were readily repulsed by Buford, and driven for some distance, until, being without orders to advance, he saw no object in continuing the pursuit. Two deserters who came in to-day from Longstreets corps, who left their regiment yesterday, report that their corps was on the march from Orange Court-House, and that Hills corps followed Longstreet. Ewell is understood to be in the vicinity of Madison Court-House. This information confirms the cavalry reports and the signals from Watery Mountain. I am of the opinion that the movement of Buford on Saturday was considered an advance, and that Lee has withdrawn his infantry behind the Rapidan. I shall make no further movements without your in- structioiis, except to occupy as much of the ground between the Rappahannock and Rapidan by my cavalry as I can without requir- ing too great and unnecessary loss on my part. GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General. * But see revised statement, p. 187. 8 B BvOL xxvii, PT Page 114 114 K. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. [ChAr. XXXIX. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, October 1, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the operations of this army during the month of July last, including the details of the battle of Gettysburg, delayed by the failure to receive until now the reports of several corps and division commanders, who were severely wounded in the battle. On June 28, I received the orders of the President of the United States placing me in command of the Army of the Potomac. The situation of affairs at that time was briefly as follows: The Confederate army, commanded by General R. E. Lee, esti- mated at over 100,000 strong, of all arms, had crossed the Potomac River and advanced up the Cumberland Valley. Reliable intelli- gence placed his advance (Ewells corps) on the Susquehanna, at Harrisburg and Columbia; Longstreets corps at Chambersburg, and Hills corps between that place and Cashtown. My own army, of which the most recent return showed an aggregate of a little over 100,000, was situated in and around Frederick, Md., extending from Harpers Ferry to the mouth of the Monocacy, and from Middletown to Frederick. June 28 was spent in ascertaining the position and strength of the different corps of the aI~my, but principally in bringing up the cavalry, which had been covering the rear of the army in its passage over the Potomac, and to which a large increase had just been made from the forces previously attached to the Defenses of Washington. Orders were given on that day to Major-General French, commanding at Harpers Ferry, to move with 7,000 men of his command to occupy. Frederick and the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and, with the balance of his force, estimated at 4,000, to remove and escort the public property to Washington. On the 29th, the army was put in motion, and on the evening of that day was in position, the left at Emmitsburg and the right at New Windsor. Bufords division of cavalry was on the left flank, with the advance at Gettysburg. Kilpatricks division was in the front at Hanover, where he encountered this day General Stuarts Confederate cavalry, which had crossed the Potomac at Seneca Creek, and, passing our right flank, was making its way toward Car- lisle, having escaped Greggs division, delayed in taking position on the right flank by the occupation of the roads by columns of infantry. On the 30th, the right flank of the army was moved up to Manches- ter, the left still being at Emmitsburg, in the vicinity of which place three corps (the First, Eleventh, and Third) were collected, under the orders of Major-General Reynolds. General Buford having re- ported from Gettysburg the appearance of the enemy on the Cash- town road in some force, General Reynolds was directed to occupy Gettysbnrg On reaching that place on July 1, General Reynolds found Bufords cavalry warmly engaged with the enemy, who had debouched his infantry throngh the mountains on the Cashtown road, but was being held in check in the most gallant manner by Bufords cavalry. Major- General Reynolds immediately moved around the town of Gettys- burg, and advanced on the Cashtown road, and without a moments hesitation deployed his advanced division and attacked the enemy, at the same time sending orders for the Eleventh Corps (General Howard) to advance as promptly as possible. Soon after making his dispositions for the attack, Major-General Reynolds fell, mortall Page 115 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 115 wounded, the command of the First Corps devolving on Major-Gen- eral Doubleday, and the command of the field on Major-General Howard, who arrived about this time, 11.30 a. in., with the Eleventh Corps, then commanded by Major-General Schurz. Major-General Howard pushed forward two divisions of the Eleventh Corps to the support of the First Corps, now warmly engaged with the enemy on the ridge to the north of the town, and posted his Third Division, with three batteries of artillery, on the Cemetery Ridge, on the south side of the town. Up to this time the battle had been with the forces of the enemy debouching from the mountains on the Cashtown road, known to be Hills corps. In the early part of the action, success was on our side, Wadsworths division, of the First Corps, having driven the enemy back some distance, capturing numerous prisoners, among them Gen- eral Archer, of the Confederate army. Thearrival of re-enforcements for the enemy on the Cashtown road, and the junction of Ewells corps, coming on the York and Harrisburg roads, which occurred between 1 and 2 p. in., chabled the enemy to bring vastly superior forces against both the First aAd Eleventh Corps, outfianking our line of battle, and pressing it so severely that about 4 p. m. Major-General Howard deemed it.prudent to withdraw these two corps to the Cem- etery Ridge, on the south side of the town, which operation was suc- cessfully accomplished; not, however, without considerable loss in prisoners, arising from the confusion incident to portions of both corps passing through the town, and the men getting confused in the streets. About the time of this withdrawal, Major-General Hancock ar- rived, whom I had dispatched to represent me on the field, on hearing of the death of General Reynolds. In conjunction with Major-Gen- eral Howard, General Hancock proceeded to post the troops on the Cemetery Ridge, and to repel an attack that the enemy made on our right flank. This attack was not, however, very vigorous, and the enemy, seeing the strength of the position occupied, seemed to be satisfied ~Tith the success he had accomplished, desisting from any further attack this day. About 7 p. in., Major-Generals Slocum and Sickles, with the Twelfth Corps and part of the Third, reached the ground, and took post on the right and left of the troops previously posted. Being satisfied from the reports received from the field that it was the intention of the enemy to support with his whole army the attack already made, and the reports from Major-Generals Hancock and Howard on the character of the position being favorable, I deter- mined to give battle at this point; and, early in the evening of the 1st, issued orders to all the corps to concentrate at Gettysburg, directing all trains to be sent to the rear, at Westminster. At 10 p. m. of the 1st, I broke up my headquarters, which until then had been at Taneytown, and proceeded to the field, arriving there at 1 a. m. of the 2d. So soon as it was light, I proceeded to in- spect the position occupied, and to make arrangements for posting the several corps as they should reach the ground. By 7 a. m. the Second and Fifth Corps, with the rest of the Third, had reached the ground, and were posted as follows: The Eleventh Corps retained its position on the Cemetery Ridge, just opposite the town; the First Corps was ~posted on the right of the Eleventh, on an elevated knoll, connecting with a ridge extending to the south and east, on which the Twelfth Corps was placed. the right of th Page 116 116 r~T. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [ChAr. XXXIX. Twelfth Corps resting on a small stream at a point where it crossed the Baltimore pike, and which formed, on the right flank of the Twelfth, something of an obstacle. The Cemetery Ridge extended in a westerly and southerly direction, gradually diminishing in eleva- tion until it came to a very prominent ridge called Round Top, run- ning east and west. The Second and Third Corps were directed to occupy the continuation of the Cemetery Ridge on the left of the Eleventh Corps. The Fifth Corps, pending the arrival of the Sixth, was held in reserve. While these dispositions were being made, the enemy was massing his troops on an exterior ridge, distant from the line occupied by us from 1 mile to lj miles. At 2 p. m. the Sixth Corps arrived, after a Tharch of 32 miles, ac- complished from 9 p. m. the day previous. On its arrival being re- ported, II immediately directed the Fifth Corps to move over to our extreme left, and the Sixth to occupy its place as a reserve for the right. About 3 p. m. I rode out to the extreme h~ft, to await the arrival of the Fifth Corps and to post it, when I found that Major-General Sickles, commanding the Third Corps, not fully apprehending the instructions in regard to the position to be occupied, had advanced or rather was in the act of advancing, his corps some half a mile or three-quarters of a mile in front of the line of the Second Corps, on the prolongation of which it was designed his corps should rest. Having found Major-General Sickles, I was explaining to him that he was too far in advance, and discussing with him the propriety of withdrawing, when the enemy opened on him with several batteries in his front and on his flank, and immediately brought forward col- umns of infantry and made a most vigorous assault. The Third Corps sustained the shock most heroically. Troops from the Second Corps were immediately sent by Major-General Hancock to cover the right flank of the Third Corps, and soon after the assault com- menced the Fifth Corps most fortunately arrived and took position on the left of the Third, Major-General Sykes, commanding, imme- diately sending a force to occupy the Round Top Ridge, where a most furious contest was maintained, the enemy making desperate but unsuccessful efforts to secure it. Notwithstanding the stubborn resistance of the Third Corps, under Major-General Birney (Major-General Sickles having been wounded early in the action), the superiority of numbers of the enemy ena- bling him to outflank the corps in its advanced position, General Bir- ney was compelled to fall back and reform behind the line originally designed to be held. In the meantime, perceiving the great exertions of the enemy, the Sixth Corps~ Major-General Sedgwick, and part of the First Corps (to the command of which I had assigned Major-General Newton), particularly Lockwoods Maryland brigade,* together with detach- ments from the Second Corps, were all brought up at different pe- riods, and succeeded, together with the gallant resistance of the Fifth Corps, in checking and finally repulsing the assault of the enemy, who retired in confusion and disorder about sunset, and ceased any further efforts on the extreme left. f An assault was, however, made about 8 p. m. on the Eleventh Corps from the left of the town, which * See Williams to Slocum, December 26, 1863, p. 765. t See Meade to Halleck, February 25, 1864, p. 120 Page 117 Ciiir. XXXIXVI TIlE GETTYSB1TI~G CAMPAIGt 117 was repelled, with the assistance of troops from the Second and First Corps~ During the heavy assault upon our extreme left, portions of the Twelfth Corps were sent as re-enforcements. During their absence, the line on the extreme right was held by a very much reduced force. This was taken advantage of by the enemy, who, during the absence of Gearys division of the Twelfth Corps, advanced and occupied a part of his line. ~ On the morning of the 3d, General Geary (having returned during the night) attacked at early dawn the enemy, and succeeded in driv- ing him back and reoccupying his former position. A spirited con- test was, however, maintained all the morning along this part of the line, General Geary, re-enforced by Wheatons brigade, Sixth Corps, maintaining his position, and inflicting very severe losses on the enemy. * With this exception, the qufet of the lines remained undisturbed till 1p.m. on the 3d~ when the enemy opened from over one hundred and twenty-five guns, playing upon our center and left. This can- nonade continued for over two hours, when our guns, in obedience to my orders, failing to make any reply, the enemy ceased firing, and soon his masses of infantry became visible, forming for an assault on our left and left center. The assault was made with great firm- ness, directed principally against the point occupied by the Second Corps, and was repelled with equal firmness by the troops of that corps, supported by Doubledays division and Stannards brigade of the First Corps. During the assault, both Major-General Hancock, command- ing the left center, and Brigadier-General Gibbon, commanding Second Corps, were severely wounded. This terminated the battle, the enemy retiring to his lines, leaving the field strewn with his dead and wounded, and numerous prisoners in our hands. Bufords division of cavalry, after its arduous service at Gettysburg on the 1st, was on the 2d sent to Westminster to refit and guard our trains. Kilpatricks division, that on the 29th, 30th, and 1st had been successfully engaging the enemys cavalry, was on the 3d sent on our extreme left, on the Emmitsburg road, where good service was ren- dered in assaulting the enemys line and occupying his attention. At the same time, General Gregg was engaged with the enemy on our extreme right, having passed across the Baltimore pike and Bonaugh- town road, and boldly attacked the enemys left and rear. On the morning of the 4th, reconnaissances developed that the enemy had drawn back his left flank, but maintained his position in front of our left, apparently assuming a new line parallel to the mountains. On the morning of the 5th, it was ascertained the enemy was in full retreat by the Fairfield and Cashtown roads. The Sixth Corps was immediately sent in pursuit on the Fairfield road, and the cavalry on the Cashtown road and by the Emmitsburg and Monterey Passes. July 5 and 6 were employed in succoring the wounded and burying the dead. Major-General Sedgwick, commanding the Sixth Corps, having pushed the pursuit of the enemy as far as the Fairfield Pass, in the mountains, and reporting that the p ass was a very strong one, in which a small force of the enemy could hold in check and delay for a considerable time any pursuing force, I determined to follow the enemy by a flank movement, and, accordingly, leaving McIn * See Meade to ilalleek, February 25, 1864, p. 120 Page 118 1t~ ~. C., VA., W. VA., MIX, PA., ETC. ~jCHAP. XXXIX. toshs brigade of cavalry hud Neills brigade of infantry to continue harassing the enemy, put the army in motion for Middletown, Md. Orders were immediately sent to Major-General French at Frederick to reoccupy Harpers Ferry and send a force to occupy Turners Pass, in South Mountain. I subsequently ascertained Major-General French had not only anticipated these orders in part, but had pushed a cavalry force to Williamsport and Falling Waters, where they de- stroyed the enemys pontoon bridge and captured its guard. Buford was at the same time sent to Williamsport and Hagerstown. The duty above assigned to the cavalry was most successfully ac- complished, the enemy being greatly harassed, his trains destroyed, and many captures of guns and pri~soners made. After halting a day at Middletown to procure necessary supplies and bring up the trains, the army moved through the South Mount- ain, and by July 12 was in front of the enemy, who occupied a strong position on the heights of Marsh Run, in advance of Williamsport. In taking this position, several skirmishes and affairs had been had with the enemy, principally by the cavalry and the Eleventh and Sixth Corps. The 13th was occupied in reconnaissances of the enemys position and preparations for attack, but, on advancing on the morning of the 14th, it was ascertained he had retired the night previous by a bridge at Falling Waters and the ford at Williamsport. The cavalry in pur- suit overtook the rear guard at Falling Waters, capturing two guns and numerous prisoners. Previous to the retreat of the enemy, Greggs division of cavalry was crossed at Harpers Ferry, and, coming up with the rear of the enemy at Charlestown and Shepherdstown, had a spirited contest, in which the enemy was driven to Martinsburg and Winchester and pressed and harassed in his retreat. The pursuit was resumed by a flank movement, the army crossing the Potomac at Berlin and moving ~1own the Loudoun Valley. The cavalry were immediately pushed into the several passes of the Blue Ridge, and, having learned from scouts the withdrawal of the Con- federate army from the lower valley of the Shenandoah, the army, the Third Corps, Major-General French, in advance, was moved into the Manassas Gap, in the hope of being able to intercept a portion of the enemy. The possession of the gap was disputed so successfully as to enable the rear guard to withdraw by way of Strasburg, the Confederate army retiring to the Rapidan. A position was taken with this army on the line of the Rappahannock, and the campaign terminated about the close of July. The result of the campaign may be briefly stated in the defeat of the enemy at Gettysburg, his compulsory evacuation of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and withdrawal from the upper valley of the Shen- andoah, and in the capture of 3 guns, 41 standards, and 13,621 pris- oners; 24,978 small-arms were collected on the battle-field. Our own losses were very severe, amounting, as will be seen by the accompanying return, to 2,834 killed, 13,709 [13,713] wounded, and 6,643 missing; in all, 23,186 [23,190].* It is impossible in a report of this nature to enumerate all the in- stances of gallantry and good conduct which distinguished such a hard-fought field as Gettysburg. The reports of corps commanders *J?i~ference is to table on p. 112; but see revised statement, p. 187 Page 119 CHAP. XXXIX.] TIlE GETT~SRTY1~ OAMPAIGX. 1 t~ and their subordinates, herewith submitted, will furnish all informa- tion upon this subject. I will only add my tribute to the heroic bravery of the whole army, officers and men, which, under the bless- ing of Divine Providence, enabled a crowning victory to be obtained, which I feel confident the country will never cease to bear in grate- fill remembrance. It is my duty, as well as my pleasure, to call attention to the earn- est efforts of co-operation on the part of Maj. Gen. D. N. Couch, com- manding Department of the Susquehanna, and particularly to his advance, 4,000 men, under Brig. Gen. W. F. Smith, who joined me at Boonsborough just prior to the withdrawal of the Confederate army. In conclusion, I desire to return my thanks to my staff, general and personal, to each and all of whom I was indebted for unremitting activity and most efficient assistance. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. G. MEADE, Major- General, Commanding. Brig. Gen. LORENZO THOMAS,. Adjutant-General, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON, D. C., October 2, 1863. Brigadier-General WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac: How many Confederate dead were buried after the battle of Get tysburgofficers, privates? .~. C. KELTON, Assisktnt Adjutant-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, October 3, 18638.20 p. m. (Received 8.50 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: So far as can be stated from any information now at my command, 126 Confederate officers and 2,764 men were buried by our troops at Gettysburg. This does not, however, include those buried by the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, and it is known that quite a large number were buried by the latter corps. The commanders of those corps can doubtless give you the numbers buried by their commands. When this army left the vicinity of Gettysburg, a considerable num- ber of dead remained unburied, and the provost-marshal-general contracted with a Mr. [Samuel] Herbst, of Gettysburg, to bury them. He can state the,nun~ber buried by him. Captain [William G.] Ran- kin, assistant quartermaster, who paid Mr. Herbst, can also supply this information. It may be added that the enemy buried a large number of his dead before leaving the field. The reports of the num- ber of Confederate dead buried by the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, although called for July 4, had not been sent in when those corps were detached from this army. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General Page 120 ~2O N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., I~TC. [CHAP. XXXiX. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, October 5, 1863. (Received 3.30 p. in.) Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: En addition to the number of Confederate dead buried at Gettys- burg, stated in my dispatch of the 3d instant, I have now to report 2 officers and 62 men buried by the Fifth Corps. GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, February 25, 1864:. GENERAL: I transmit herewith the report of Brig. Gen. T. H. Ruger, commanding First Division, Twelfth Army Corps, and those of his brigade and regimental commanders, of the operations of his division at the battle of Gettysburg. These reports were only re- cently received by me, owing to General Ruger being detached with a large portion of his command n6t long after the battle, and soon after his return the corps was ordered to Tennessee. I beg these re- potts may be placed on file as part of my official report of that battle. I embrace this opportunity to make certain corrections and altera- tions in my report, to which my attention has been called by Major- General Slocum. * These alterations are as follows: 1. In relating the occurrences of July 2, I state: In the meantime, perceiving the great exertions on the part of the enemy, the Sixth Corps (Major-General Sedgwick), and part of the First Corps (to the command of which I had assigned Major-General Newton), particularly Lockwoods Mary- land brigade, together with detachments from the Second Corps, were all brought up, & c. This should read: In the meantime, perceiving the great exertions on the part of the enemy, the Sixth Corps (Major-General Sedgwick), and part of the First Corps (to the command of which corps I had assigned Major-General Newton), together with detachments from the Second Corps, were all brought up. Subsequently the First Division and Lockwoods brigade, of the Twelfth Corps, under the immediate command of Brig. Gen. A. S. Williams, then temporarily comiLanding the corps, arrived at the scene of action, the services of Lockwoods brigade being particularly mentioned. 2. In relating the occurrences of July 3: During the heavy assaults upon our extreme left, portions of the Twelfth Coi~ps were sent as re-enforcements. During their absence, the line of the extreme right was held by a much-reduced force, and was taken advantage of by the enemy, who, during the absence of Gearys division, Twelfth Corps, advanced and occupied a part of the line On the morning of the 3d, General Geary, having returned during the night, was attacked at early dawn by the enemy, but succeeded in driving him back and occu- pying his former position. A spirited contest was maintained all the morning along this part of the line. General Geary, re-enforced by Wheatons brigade, Sixth Corps, maintained his position, inflicting severe losses on the enemy. This should read: During the heavy assaults upon our extreme left, the First Division and Lock- woods brigade, of the Twelfth Corps, were sent as re-enforcements, as already re- ported. Two brigades of Gearys division (Second, of this corps) were also detached for the same purpose, but did not arrive at the scene of action, owingto having mis- taken the road. The detachment of so large a portion of the Twelfth Corps, with * See Slocums report of December 30.1863, p. 763, and Meades reply of February 2~, 1864, p. 769 Page 121 ChAP. XXXTX.J ~U1E GETT~SBTY1~G CAMPATGIN~ 121 its temporary commander, Brig. Gen. A. S. Williams, left the defense of the line previously held to the remaining brigade of the Second Division, commanded by Brigadier-General Greene, who held the left of the Twelfth Corps, now become the extreme right of the army. The enemy, perceiving the withdrawal of our troops, advanced and attacked General Greene with great vigor, who, making a gallant de- fense, and being soon re-enforced by portions of the First and Eleventh Corps, con- tiguous to him, succeeded in repulsing all the efforts of the enemy to dislodge him. After night, on the return of the detachments sent to the left, it was found the enemy was occupying portions of the line of breastworks thrown up by the Twelfth Corps. Brigadier-General Williams, in command, immediately made ar- rangements, by the disposition of his artillery and instructions to both divisions, commanded, respectively, by Brigadier-Generals Geary and Ruger, to attack the enemy at daylight, and regain the position formerly occupied by the corps. In the meantime, the enemy brought up strong re-enforcements, and at early daylight a spirited contest commenced, which continued until after 10 a. in., the result of which was the repulse of the enemy in all his attempts to advance and his final abandon~ ment of the position he had taken the evening before. During this contest, Shalers brigade, Sixth Corps, was sent to re-enforce the Twelfth Corps. With this excep- tion, the lines remained undisturbed, & c. I should be glad, as an act of justice, if this communication could be published. Respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. G. MEADE, llifajor-Generat, Commanding~ Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief, Washington, D. C. [Indorsements.] FEBRUARY 29, 1864. Respectfully referred to the Secretary of War, with the recommen~ dation that this be published with General Meades former report. H. W. HALLECK General-in-Chief. ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, March 2, 1864. Respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War. W. A. NICHOLS, Assistant Adjutant-General. WAR DEPARTMENT, March 2, 1864. Approved. By order of the Secretary of War: JAS. A. HARDIE, Assistant Adjutant-General. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, March 9, 1864. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I am instructed by the Secretary of War to direct yotlr attention to the inclosed slip, taken from the Washington Daily Chronicle of to-day, and to inquire if it be the fact that you have addressed a communication with regard to military operations to a member of the Senate. If such be the case, the Secretary desires to be informed what authority for the proceeding was previously ob- tained by you. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. A. HARDIE, Assistant Adjutant-General Page 122 122 K. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. LOHAP. XXXIX. [Inclosure.) Major-General Meade has addressed a fetter to Senator Johnson, of Maryland, in which he explains the allegations in the speech of Senator Wilkinson on Friday last, based upon certain information communicated to the latter by one or two officers of the army. As the subject is likely to give rise to discussion, and we believe to a sat- isfactory solution, we will only add that the letter to Senator John- son is accepted as a full vindication of General Meade by all who have read it. HDQRS. ARMY OF THE PQTOMAC, March 9, 1.864. Maj. Gen. D. B. BIRNEY, Commanding [First] Division, Third Army Corps: GENERAL: I beg leave to call your attention to articles in the New York journals of the 8th instant, purporting to give portions of your testimony recently given before the Committee on the Conduct of the War. The character of those articles, in my judgment, authorizes me, as your superior officer, before taking action on them, that I should ask you whether you have any objection to give to me (as it appeam has been given to others) a succinct statement of your evidence. Very respectfully, & c., GEG. G. MEADE, Major-General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIvIsIoN, THIRD ARMY CORPS, March 10, 1864. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 9th instant. The articles in the .New York Times and Herald of the 8th instant are the only ones that I have seen referring to my testimony before the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War. These ar- ticles do great injustice to the character of my testimony, and were penned by some person ignorant of it. My testimony was from the time Major-General Hooker assumed command of the army to the present time, and was a continuation of my testimony given a year since before the same committee, and was confined almost entirely to the operations of the division and corps whilst under my command. My opinion as to the movements of the army and its conduct was given only in reply to direct ques- tions, and, I presume, carried with it only the weight of my military standing. In my opinion, there is nothing in my testimony that should alter the personal and official relations existing between us. As I was ordered by the War Department before the committee, and have the impression that my testimony is beyond my control, I must respectfully decline to give it in detail or more succinctly with- out referring to the authority that called it forth. I will with pleasure give you, at any time you may desire, my recollections, reports, and views on the same points. I am, general, your obedient servant, D. B. BIRNEY, Major-General Volunteers Page 123 XXXIXI THE GETTYSBIJRG CAMPAIGK 12a MARCH 10, 1864. Col. J. A. HARDIE, Assistant Adjutant-General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 9th instant, inquiring, on the part of the honorable Secretary of War, whether I had written, as is asserted in the Washington Chronicle, a letter to the Hon. Reverdy Johnson on military operations, and, if so, by what authority. In reply, I beg to state that on my return from my recent visit to Washington, I found a note from the Hon. Reverdy Johnson, accom- panied by a copy of the Congressional Globe, to which Mr. Johnson invited my attention as containing a defense whkh he (a perfect stranger to me) had made in reply to certain allegations in a speech of the Hon. Mr. Wilkinson, of Minnesota, touching my operations at the battle of Gettysburg, and inquiring of me whether he was not right in denying these allegations.. In reply to this note, after thanking Mr. Johnson for his defense, I explained to him how the allegations had arisen and the plausible foundation for them. This letter was a private one, not in the slight- est degree intended for publication or circulation, and I was not aware that I required any authority before writing it, particularly as it touched upon operations that occurred nearly nine months since, the official reports of which have for some time been made public. It is true, when in Washington I mentioned to the honorable Secretary my disposition to reply to Mr. Wilkinson, that he suggested my sending any communication I might write through the Department; but I understood this to be a friendly suggestion, inasmuch as had I writ- ten such a letter, it would have been designed for the public, and its passing through the Department would have given it the form of an official document. I did not understand the honorable Secretarys suggestion to imply I should be violating any orders, or etiquette, if I had not so sent this letter through the Department; much less did I consider his remark as intended to prohibit private correspondence on my part to friends, explaining the false and slanderous charges with which the press of the whole country has been filled for the last week. I regret I did not retain a copy of Mr. Johnsons note and my reply; the latter I will endeavor to obtain, and transmit to the honorable Secretary, and I trust this explanation will be by him deemed satisfactory. Very respectfully, & c., GEG. G. MEADE, ]Ifajor-General, Commanding. CIRCULAR. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March 10, 1864. SIR: Your attention is, respectfully invited to the articles which have recently appeared in the newspapers, charging the command- ing general with favoring a retreat of the army from Gettysburg on the 2d July last. These articles are supposed to be based upon the transactions of a council, or meeting of corps commanders, held on the evening of the * Sent to Generals Gibbon, Newton, Sedgwick, Slocuin, Sykes, and A. S. Williams Page 124 ~.C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., I~O. 2d July; and, if you have no objection to so doing, the commanding general desires that you will furnish him, in the course of to-day, with a short statement, giving your recollection of what transpired at the council, and mentioning whether he at any time insisted on the withdrawal of the army from before Gettysburg. By command of Major-General Meade: S. WILLIAMS, As8istant Adjutant-General. HDQRS. FIFTH CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March 10, 1864. Major-General MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I have seen in late papers, and in the speech of a mem- ber of the United States Senate, statements charging you with hav- ing ordered a retreat of the army at the battle of Gettysburg. I commanded a corps in that battle; was present at a meeting on the night of the 2d and 3d of July, when yourself and corps com- manders discussed the events then taking place; remember distinctly the number of soldiers we thought we could take into action after the fight on the 2d; remember more distinctly the expressed deter- mination of each commander present to fight that battle out then and there, and never received or heard of any order directing a re- treat of the army. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. SYKES, Major-General, Commanding Fifth Corps. IIDQRs. FIRST ARMY CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March 10, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: Your circular note of this date, in relation to reports to the effect that the commanding general advocated a retreat of the army on the 2d day of July last, and particularly in reference to the proceedings of a council of war, held on the night of the 2d, has been received. In reply, I have to state that I was frequently with the command- ing general on that day, and was likewise present at the council, and nothing that I heard him say has ever given me the impression that he insisted on the withdrawal Qf the army from before Gettys- burg. There was a discussion in the council, not concerning a retreat, but concerning the dispositions proper to make should the enemy endeavor to turn our position, by getting between :us and Emmitsburg, by passing entirely around our left flank, and I imagine this to have been the exclusive foundation of such report to the prejudice of the commanding general. Respectfully, your most obedient servant, JOHN NEWTON, Major-General, Commanding Page 125 CEAx~. XXXIX.) THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 125 HEADQUARTERS SIXTH CORPS, March 10, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General: GENERAL: My attention has been called to several articles wliich have recently appeared in the papers, insinuating or charging the general commanding the Army of the Potomac with ordering or favoring a retreat of the army on the evening of July 2, at Gettys- burg. I took no minutes of the council of corps commanders held on the evening of that day, but my present recollection is that three ques- tions, viz, of attacking the enemy, of sustaining or taking up a new position, were submitted. The council was unanimous with, I think, one exceptionto sustain the attack in our then present position. At no time in my presence did the general commanding insist or advise a withdrawal of the army, for such advice would have great weight with me, and I know the matter did not engage .my serious attention. I am positive that the general commanding could not have insisted, much less have given the order, to withdraw the army from its posi- tion. In a council on the evening of the 3d, the two questions of fol- lowing the enemy or moving on parallel lines were submitted, and I thin the council were unanimous, and their decision adopted by the general, of moving parallel to the enemy, and attacking him when possible. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN SEDGWICK, Major-General, Commanding. HDQR5. CAVALRY CoRPs, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March 10, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of a com- munication, of yesterdays date, from the major-general command- ing the Army of the Potomac. This communication has just been received. It calls my attention to articles in the New York journals of the 8th instant, purporting to give por- tions of your testimony recently given before the Committee on the Conduct of the War. It further states The character of these articles, in my judgment, justifies me, as your superior officer, before taking action on them, that I should ask you whether you have any objection to give me (as it appears has been given to others) a succinct statement of your evidence. In reply, I desire to inform the major-general commanding that he is mistaken in supposing I have given a succinct statement of my evidence before the war committee to anybody. The evidence was taken down by a stenographer, and I was informed as soon as it was translated I would have an opportunity of correcting it. I have not seen the evidence, as witten, up to this time, and having been on the stand nearly two hours and a half, I could not transcribe it from Page 126 12~3 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. xxxix. memory. I am perfectly willing that the major-general command- ing should have a copy of my evidence, but as I consider it is now the property of the Government, I will forward a copy of his letter to the chairman of the Committee on the Conduct of the War, with the request that it may be furnished him. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. PLEASONTON, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March 10, 1864. Major-General MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I have the honor to make the following statement in regard to orders carried by me on the 1st day of July, 1863: Early on the afternoon of the 1st of July, 1863, I was sent from headquarters, at Taneytown, with sealed orders to General Slocum, commanding Twelfth Corps, who was then on the road to Gettys- burg, via Littlestown and Two Taverns. These orders I delivered to Lieutenant-Colonel [Hiram C.] Rodgers, assistant adjutant-general of the Twelfth Corps, at Two Taverns, between 3 and 4 p. m. of that day, and was requested by him to say that the corps was on the move, and advancing as rapidly as possible. I also had a communication addressed to Generals Slocum and Sykes. This I delivered to General Slocum, who was somewhat in advance of his corps, near Gettysburg. After reading it, he returned it to me, to take to General Sykes at Hanover. My recollection of this communication now is, that it was a circu- lar notifying corps commanders of the fall of General Reynolds, and that General Hancock had been sent to take his place, and urging them to push forward with all possible dispatch. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. G. MASON, Captain, and Aide-de-Camp. HEADQUARTERS RENDEZVOUS FOR DRAFTED MEN, Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Philadelphia, Pa., March 14, 1864. Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your circular of the 10th instant, in regard to the council of war held at General Meades headquarters on the evening of the 2d July last, and in reply to state: 1. I was a member of that council, having been placed by General Hancock in command of the Second Corps when he was detached to take command of fhe Third Corps, after its defeat, on the afternoon of the 2d. 2. The result of the days fight was then, I believe, for the first time fully known. It, together with our military situation, were fully discussed and commented upon by the members. It thus appeared that the Third Corps had been badly defeated, and rendered for the time comparatively useless; that the enemy, taking advantage of th Page 127 ChAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGY. 12~ absence of a portion of the Twelfth Corps sent over to the assistance of our left center after the defeat of the Third Corps, had obtained a footing in a portion of our line on the right, and that to the right of Cemetery Hill he had driven a portion of the Eleventh Corps out of the line, taken possession of some of our batteries there, and had been himself driven out by the timely arrival of Carrolls brigade, sent by me, according to General Hancocks direction, over to the right, to the sound of the firing. Otherwise our line remained intact. 3. One of the corps commanders, Newton, urged some objections against the military position of our line, and when the council came to decide upon a number of points which were written out by General Butterfield, chief of staff, and submitted to its vote, one of. the ques- tions was to this effect: Should the army remain in its present posi- tion, or retire to a better one? Being the youngest member of the council, I was required to vote first, and on this particular point I votedhaving General Newtons objection in my mind, and having confidence in his judgment as a military engineerthat we should as far as possible correct our position, but on no account to change it. so much that any one could construe it into ~i retreat. My recollec- tion is that General Newton voted substantially the same way, and that every other member voted simply to remain and offer battle. So that the decision of the council to remain in position was unani- mous. 4. I never heard General Meade say one word in favor of a re- treat, nor do I believe that he did so, being confident I should have heard it, the council meeting in a room not to exceed 10 feet square. I recollect there was great good feeling amongst the corps com- manders at their agreeing so unanimously, and General iLV[eades an- nouncement, in a decided manner, Such, then, is the decision.~~ There were a number of other questions of minor importance put and decided which I do not deem it necessary to refer to. It may not be out of place here to state that during a portion of the sitting of the council, which continued up to nearly 12 oclock, fighting was going on on the right of our line, where the portion of the Twelfth Corps, returning to its position from the left center, was attempting to dislodge the enemy from the footing he had gained in our line. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN GIBBON, Brigadier- General of Volunteers, Commanding. MARCH 15, 1864. Col. E. D. TOWNsEND, Assistant Adjutant-General: I inclose herewith a slip from the New York Herald of the 12th instant, containing a communication signed Historicus, purporting to give an account of the battle of Gettysburg, to which I desire to call the attention of the War Department, and ask such action thereon as may be deemed proper and suitable. For the past fortnight the public press of the whole country has been teeming with articles, all having for their object assaults upon my reputation as an officer, and tending to throw discredit upon my operations at Gettysburg and my official report of the same. I have not noticed any of these attacks, and should not now take action, but that the character of the communication inclosed bear Page 128 128 ~. c., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CaAi.. XXXIX. such manifest proofs that it was writteneither by some one present at the battle, or dictated by some one present, and having access not ~nly to official documents but to confidential papers that were never issued to the army, much less made public. I cannot resist the belief that this letter was either written or dic-. tated by Maj. Gen. D. E. Sickles. An issue has been raised between that officer and myself in regard to the judgment displayed by him in the position he took with his corps at Gettysburg. In my official report I deemed it proper to state that this position was a false and untenable one, but I did General Sickles the justice to express the opinion that, although he had com- mitted an error of judgment, it was done through a misapprehension of orders, and not from any intention to act contrary to my wishes. The prominence given to General Sickles operations in the inclosed communication, the labored argument to prove his good judgment and my failings, all lead me to the conclusion he is directly or indi- rectly the author. As the communication contains so many statements prejudicial to my reputation, I feel called upon to ask the interposition of the De- partment, as I desire to consider the questions raised purely official. I liave to ask, therefore, that the Department will take steps to ascer- tain whether Major-General Sickles has authorized or indorses this communication, and, in the event of his replying in the affirmative, I have to request of the President of the United States a court of in- quiry, that the whole subject may be thoroughly investigated and the truth made known. Should this course not be deemed advisable, any other action the Department may deem proper I desire should be takefi; and should the Department decline any action, then I desire authority to make use of and publish such official documents as in my judgment are necessary for my defense. Very respectfully, GEO. G. MEADE, Major-General, Commanding. [Inclosure.] THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURGIMPORTANT COMMUNICATION FROM AN EYE-WITNESSHOW THE VICTORY WAS WON AND HOW ITS ADVANTAGES WERE LOSTGENERALS HALLECKS AND MEADES OFFICIAL REPORTS REFUTED, ETC. To the Editor of the Herald: The battle of Gettysburg is the decisive battle of this war. It not only saved, the North from invasion, but turned the tide of victory in our favor. The opinion of Europe on the failure of the rebellion dates from this great conflict. How essential, then, that its real history should be known. Up to this moment no clear narrative has appeared. The sketches of the press, the reports of Generals Halleck and Meade, and the oration of Mr. Everett, give only phases of this terrible struggle, and that not very correctly. To supply this hiatus, I send you a connected, and, I hope, lucid review of its main features. I have not ventured to touch on the tbrilling incidents and affecting details of such a strife, but have confined myself to a succinct relation of its principal events and the actors therein. My only motive is to vindicate history, do honor to the fallen, and jus- tice to the suvivors when unfairly impeached. General Meade took command of the Army of the Potomac o Page 129 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 129 Sunday, the 28th of June, at Frederick, Md. On Monday, as he states, the army was put in motion, and by Tuesday night the right flank had reached Manchester and the left occupied Emmitsburg. General Bufords cavalry had advanced as far as Gettysburg, and reported that the Confederate army was debouching from the mount- ains, on the Cashtown road. Upon this intelligence, General Rey- nolds was ordered to advance on Gettysburg with the First and Eleventh Corps, which he reached early on the 1st of July, and found Bufords cavalry already engaged with the enemythe corps of Gen- eral Hill. Rapidly making his dispositions, General Reynolds joined in the conflict, and soon fell, mortally wounded. The command of the field then devolved on General Howard, of the Eleventh Corps, who maintained his position till about 2 p. in., when the enemy was heavily re-enforced by the arrival of Ewells corps. The battle now raged fearfully, between Hills and Eweils corps on one side and the First and Eleventh Corps on the other till about 4 p. in., when General Howard was compelled to yield to the superior num- bers of the enemy, and fall back (losing many prisonersnearly 4,000) to the south side of Gettysburg. His position was eminently critical, when, to the great relief of both the general and our valiant troops, a division of the Third Corps, under the immediate command of General Sickles, arrived, and the fighting for that day was at an end: It should be mentioned that the Third Corps was stationed at Emmitsburg, by order of General Meade, with a view to protect that import~ant point; but information continuing to reach General Sickles that the First and Eleventh Corps were in great danger,* he decided to assume the grave responsibility of moving to their relief without orders. Leaving two brigades at Emmitsburg, he made a forced march of 10 miles, in spite of the heat and dust, in three hours, and had the satisfaction to be hailed by General Howard, on his reaching the field, with the flattering phrase, Here you are, gen- eral, always reliable, always first, a generous tribute from one sol- dier to another. General Slocum, of the Twelfth Corps, had arrived a short time before, but his corps was then some 4 miles distant. In the early part of the evening (Wednesday), a conference of the leading gen- erals took place, when some insisted on falling back toward Taney- town, while others urged the expediency of maintaining their pres- ent position as offering rare advantages for the inevitable and de- cisive contest that must occur on the following day. It appears that General Meade bad issued a circular (of which Ii saw several CQpies) on the morning of Wednesday, July 1, to all his corps com- manders, stating that his advance had accomplished all the objects contemplated, namely, the relief of Harrisburg and Philadelphia, and that he would now desist altogether from the, offensive. He pro- posed to post the whole army in line of battle on Pipe Creek, the right flank resting on Manchester and the left on Middleburg, in- * Besides numerous reports, the following brief communication reached hull which accidentally fell into my hands: GETTYSBURG, JWy 1, General SIcKLEs: General Doubleday (First Corps) says for GAs hake come up with all spee4. Phey are pressing us harQ H. T. LEE, 9 R X~YDT~ ~XY1I, PT Page 130 130 N. C., VA., W. VA., ML, PA., ETC. fOHAP. XXXIX~ volving an entire change of front, and there await the movements of the enemy. The position which General Meade had selected for the final struggle between the two armies was some 15 miles distant from Gettysburg,. where fate willed that it should occur: Whether this important circular ordering him to fall back reached the lamented Reynolds before he became engaged at Gettysburg, it is difficult to say. It could not have failed to reach General Sickles; but he happily determined to push on to the rescue of the First and Eleventh Corps, already engaged. It is. strange that General Meade should make no mention in his report of this singular and most im- portant fact: that he issued a plan of campaign on Wednesday, July 1, directing his whole army to retire and take up the defensive on Pipe Creek almost at the moment~ that his left flank was fiercely struggling with the right wing of the enemy. This~proves how often the plans of a general are frustrated by unlooked-for contingencies. General Meade broke up his quarters at Taneytown, as he states, at 11 p. m. on Wednesday, and reached Gettysburg at 1 a. m. Thurs- day, July 2. Early in the morning he set to work examining the position of the various army corps. It is hardly true to say that he imitated the example of all prudent commanders on the eve of a battle, and made a complete survey of the ground he occupied. It was on these occasions that the genius of the first Napoleon re- vealed itself; for at a glance he saw the advantages of his own posi- tion and the assailable point of the enemy. It seems that General Lee was somewhat more astute than Meade in this, for in his report lie states what he deemed the most favorable point for his attack. In front of General Longstreet (opposite our left wing), Lee re- marks, the enemy held a position from which, if he could be driven, it was thought our army could be used to advantage in assailing the more elevated ground beyond, and thus enable us to reach the crest of the ridge. That officer, then, was directed to carry this position. ~, It is plain enough that Lee regarded the point where our left was posted as the key to our position, and if that could be taken from us our defeat was inevitable. It is not to be supposed that General Meade refused to see this; but as he makes no mention of it in his report, I propose, for the sake of the future historian of the battle, to tell what I know about it. Near this important ground was posted the valiant Third Corps, and its commander, General Sickles, saw at once how necessary it was to occupy the elevated ground in his front toward the Emmits- burg road, and to extend his lines to the commanding eminence known as the Round Top, or Sugar Loaf hill. Unless this were done, the left and rear of our army would be in the greatest danger. Sickles con- cluded that no time was to be lost, as he observed the enemy massing large bodies of troops on their right (our left). Receiving no orders, and filled with anxiety, he reported in person to General Meade, and urged the advance he deemed so essential. 0, said Meade, gen- erals are all apt to look for the attack to be made where they are. Whether this was a jest or a sneer Sickles did not stop to consider, but begged Meade to go over the ground with him instantly; but the com- mander-in-chief declined this on account of other duties. Yielding, however, to the prolonged solicitations of Sickles, General Meade desired General Hunt, chief of artillery, to accompany Sickles, and report the result of their reconnaissance. Hunt concurred with Sickles as to the line to be occupiedthe advance line from the le!~t Qf the Second Corps to the Round Top hillbut 1w declined to ~iv Page 131 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 131 any orders until he had reported to General Meade, remarking, however, that he (General Sickles) would doubtless receive orders immediately. Two p. m. came, and yet no orders. Why was this? Other orders than those expected by General Sickles were, it appears, in prepara- tion at headquarters. It has since been stated, upon unquestionable authority, that General Meade had decided upon a retreat, and that an order to withdraw from the position held by our army was penned by his chief of staff, General Butterfield, though happily its promulga- tion never took place. This order is probably on record in the Ad- jutant-Generals Office. Meanwhile the enemys columns were moving rapidly around to our left and rear. These facts were again reported to headquarters, but brought no response. Bufords cavalry had been massed on the left, covering that flank with outposts, and videttes were thrown for ward on the IEmmitsburg road. While awaitiug the expected orders, Sickles made good use of his time in leveling all the fences and stone walls, so as to facilitate the movements of his troops and to favor the operations of the cavalry. What, then, was the surprise of Sickles to see of a sudden all the cavalry withdrawn, leaving his flank en- tirely exposed! lie sent an earnest remonstrance to General Meade, whose reply was that he did not intend to withdraw I he cavalry, and that a part of this division (Bufords) should be sent back. It never returned. Under these circumstances, Sickles threw forward three regiments of light troops as skirmishers and for outpost duty. The critical momeQt had now arrived. The enemys movements indicated their purpose to seize the Round Top hill; and this in their possession, General Longstreet would have had easy work in cutting up our left wing. To prevent this disaster, Sickles waited no longer for orders from General Meade, bnt directed General Hobart Wards brigade and Smiths battery (Fourth New York) to secure that vital position, and at the same time advancing his line of battle about 300 yards, so as to hold the crest in his front, he extended his left to sup- port Ward and cover the threatened rear of the army. These dispositions were made in the very face of the enemy, who were advancing in columns of attack, and Sickles dreaded lest the conflict should open before his dispositions were completed. At this juncture he was summoned to report in person at headquarters, to attend a council of corps commanders. His preparations were of such moment and the attack so near, that General Sickles delayed attend- ing the council, while giving all his attention to the carrying out of his orders. A second peremptory summons came from General Meade, and, leavfrig his unfinished task to the active supervision of General Birney and General Humphreys, Sickles rode off to the rear to head- quarters. Before he had reached there, the sound of cannon an- nounced that the battle had begun. Hastening rapidly on, he was met by General Meade at the door of his quarters, who said, Gen - eral, I will not ask you to dismount; the enemy are engaging your front~ the council is over. It was an unfortunate moment, as it proved, fof a council of war. Sickles, putting spurs to his horse, flew back to his command, and, finding that Grahams brigade was not advanced as far as lie desired, he was pushing that brigade and a battery forward about 100 yards, when General Meade at length arrived on the field. The following colloquy ensued, which I gath- ered from several officers present; Are you not too much extended Page 132 132 N. c., VA., w. VA., MD., PA., ETC. (CHAP. XXXIX. general? said Meade. Can you hold this front ? Yes, replied Sickles, un~i1 more troops are brought up; the enemy are attacking in force, and I shall need support. General Meade then let drop some remark showing that his mind was still wavering as to the extent of ground covered by the Third Corps. Sickles replied, General, I have received no orders. I have made these dispositions to the best of my judgment. Of course, I shall be happy to modify them accord- ing to your views.~~ No, said Meade, I will send you the Fifth Corps, and you may send for support from the Second Corps. I shall need more artillery, added Sickles. Send to the Artillery Reserve for all you want, replied Meade; I will direct General Hunt to send you all you ask for. The conference was then ab- ruptly terminated by a heavy shower of shells, probably directed at the group, and General Meade rode off. Sickles received no further orders that day. There is no doubt, I may venture to add, that Sickles line was too much extended for the number of troops under his command; but his great aim was to prevent the enemy getting between his flank and the Round Top alluded to. This was worth the risk, in his opinion, of momentarily weakening his lines. The contest now going on was of the most fierce and sanguinary description. The entire right wing of the enemy was concentrated on the devoted Third Corps; for the object of Lee, as he states, was to carry the ground which Sickles occupied, and which both generals evidently regarded as of the high- est importance. While this terrific combat was raging on our left, Lee ordered Ewell to attack our right wing and Hill to threaten our center, both with the object, as he says iii his report, to divert re-enforcements from reaching our left, which, as we have seen, Long- street was directed to carry. Well may General Meade in his re- port say, the Third Corps sustained the shock most heroically; for they fou~ht like lions, against tremendous odds, for nearly an hour before the Fifth Corps, under Sykes, came up, who was immediately put in position by General Sickles to the left of the Third Corps, and General Sykes was desired to relieve Wards brigade and Smiths battery on the Round Top, and hold the line from thence to Birneys left (First Division, Third Corps). Strange to say, this movement was not promptly carried out, and there was imminent danger of losing the Round Top, for Longstreet was making desperate exertions to carry it. Fearing this result, Sickles sent orders to General Crawford, of the Fifth Corps, to re-enforce Wards brigade; but he declined to move without orders from his own corps commander, Sykes; but Captain [Alexander] Moore, of Sickles staff, at length overcame his scruples, and he reached the disputed point just in time to prevent its falling into the enemys hands. Considering our force unequal to the exigency, Sickles called on the heroic troops of the Second Corps for support, and they gave it with a will. The struggle now became deadly. The columns of Longstreet charged with reckless fury upon our troops; but they were met with a valor and stern fortitude that defied their utmost efforts. An alarming incident, however, occurred. Barnes division, of the Fifth Cor~ps, suddenly gave way; ~nd Sickles, seeing this, put a battery in position to check the enemy if he broke through this gap on our front9 and General Birney was sent to order Barnes back into line. No, he said im My men cannot stand it. , possible. It is too hot. Remonstrance was unavailing, and Sickles dispatched his aides t Page 133 CHAP. XXXTX.3 THE GETTYSBUIWf CAMPAIGN. 133 bring up any troops they met to fill this blank. Major [Henry E.] Tremain, of his staff, fell in with General Zook, at the head of his brigade (Second Corps), and this gallant officer instantly vol- unteered to take Barnes place. When they reached the ground, Barnes disordered troops impeded the advance of the brigade. If you cant get out of the way, cried Zook, lie down, and I will march over you. Barnes ordered his men to lie down, and the chivalric Zook and his splendid brigade, under the personal direction of Gen- eral Birney, did march over them and right ifito the breach. Alas! poor Zook soon fell, mortally wounded, and half of his brigade per- ished with him. It was about this timenear 7 p. m.that Sickles was struck by a cannon-ball that tore off his right leg, and he was borne from the field. It was now pretty clear that General Meade had awakened to the fact which he treated with such indifference when pressed on him by Sickles in the morningthat our left was the assailable point, if not the key to our position, for he began to pour in re-enforcements whose presence in the beginning of the action would have saved thousands of lives. Perceiving great exertions on the part of the enemy, says Meades report, the Sixth Corps (Sedgwicks) and part of the First Corps (Newtons), Lockwoods Maryland brigade, to- gether with detachments from the Second Corps, were all brought up at different periods, and succeeded, together with the gallant re- sistance of the Fifth Corps, in checking and finally repulsing the as- sault of the enemy, who retired in confusion and disorder about sunset, and ceased any further efforts. If this remarkable concentration of troops was necessary, at last, to save the left of our army, it is almost incredible that the single corps of General Sickles was able to withstand the impetuous onset of Longstreets legions for nearly an hour before any succor reached it. On Friday, July 3, the enemy renewed their efforts to carry out the original design of Lee by overthrowing our left wing, and Long- street was re-enforced by Picketts three brigades, and further sup- ported by one division and two brigades from Hills corps. In addition tc this heavy mass of infantry, the entire artillery of the rebel army was concentrated against our left. After his oversight of the day before,dt may be supposed that General Meade was better prepared to defend his left, and had made adequate preparations. About 1 p. m. the enemy opened a furious cannonade upon our left and left center, which continued some two hours, with occasionai responses from us. At about 3 p. m. the enemy moved forward in column, and once more essayed to carry our position on the left. It was during this conflict that General Hancock, commander of the Second Corps, a gallant soldier and accomplished officer, was wounded by a musket-ball and obliged to retire. He contributed greatly by his energy and valor to the success of the day. Meanwhile our artillery opened with vigor, and infljcted great damage. After a s& xrere and prolonged struggle, the enemy at length fell back, and abandoned the contest. Owing to the strength of the eneniys position, says Lees report, and the reduction of our ammunition, a renewal of the en- gagement could not be hazarded. Hence it is plain that our good fortune in preserving our position on the left gave us the victory at Gettysburg; and yet General Meade, not having sufficiently ex- amined the ground before the battle, disregarded the repeated warn- ings of that sagacious officer, General Sickles, as well as the repor Page 134 1~4 N.C., ~ W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. of his own chief of artillery, General Hunt, who conCurred in all the suggestions of the commander of the Third Corps. Without meaning to do injustice to General Meade, it must be ad- mitted that his report of this great battle is at such variance with all the statements which have appeared in the press, that it is due not only to history, but to the indomitable prowess of our heroic army, that every fact sustained by concurrent testimony should be given in order to fully establish the truth. ]I reserve for any suitable occasion abundant documentary evidQnce to support the facts fur- nished. On Saturday, July 4, both armies continued to face each other during the entire day, without either manifesting a disposition to at- tack. The enemy, says Meade, drew back his left flank, but maintained his position in front of our left, as if always conscious that our vulnerable point was there, and they were loth to retire from it. On the night of the 4th, Lee, finding his ammunition ex- hausted and his subsistence imperiled, decided to withdraw, and he began his retreat toward Williamsport, with 4,000 of our prisoners and all his immense trains. On the morning of the 5th, this event became known, and General Meade dispatched the Sixth Corps in pursuit, together with some squadrons of cavalry. The 5th and 6th of July were employed, says Meades report, in succoring the wounded and burying the dead. The enemy made good use of all this precious time in pushing on toward Williamsport as rapidly as possible; and it was fortunate for them that detachments were not detailed for these solemn and affecting duties and that our whole army was not launched in prompt and eager pursuit. They were burdened with heavy trains filled with plunder, without ammu- nition, and wofully demoralized. Had the half of our army, flushed with success, fallen on them in flank or rear, or anywhere or any- how, General Lee might have got across the Potomac, but his army never. The trains, with the wounded and prisoners, says Lees report, were compelled to await at Williamsport (about the 8th of July) the subsiding of the river and the construction o~ boats. * * * The enemy had not yet made his appearance. The rebel army must have trembled with anxiety lest the dreaded Yankees should heave in sight before they could escape over the swollen Potomac, which Providence seemed to have destined as the place of their surrender. It was not till the 12th of July that our army, too long dela~ed, came up; but, unfortunately, the enemy had nearly finished t eir preparations for flight. An attack, says Lee, was awaited dur- ing that and the succeeding day. This did not take place, though the two armies were in close proximity. Why it did not take place the country has never yet understood. General Meade in his report gives no explanation. The press of the day stated that General Meade again held councils of war at this supreme moment, and that several of his generals opposed falling on the crippled enemy. All we know is that Lee, having completed his preparations, slipped quietly over the river on the morning of the 14th. The crossing was not completed until 1 p. in., says Lee, when the bridge was removed. The enemy offere & no serious interruption, and the movement was attended with no loss of mat~riet excepting a few disabled wagons and two pieces of artillery, which the horses were unable to drag through the deep mud. It seems that General Meade and the recalcitrant members of th Page 135 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 135 council of war finally made up their minds to attack. But on ad- vancing on the morning of the 14th, reports General Meade, it was ascertained he [the enemy] had retired the night previous by the bridge at Falling Waters and the ford at Williamsport. In striking confirmation of the ~ketch now given of this important battle, it may be interesting to quote a few brief extracts from the diary of a British officer who was a guest of General Lee during the campaign in Pennsylvania, and which was published in Blackwoods Magazine in September last. The writer was an eye-witness of the battle of Gettysburg, and the hearty praise he lavishes upon the Confederate troops and their generals shows that all his sympathies were with the Sonth, and he takes no pains to conceal his prejudices against the North. Speaking of the moment when the columns of Longstreet had been finally repulsed by our left on Friday afternoon, July 3, he says: It is d4fficult to exaggerate the critical state of affairs as they appeared about this time. If the enemy or his general had shown any enterprise, there is no saying what might have hap- pened. General Longstreet talked to me, he narrates, for a long time about the battle. The general said the mistake Lee had made was in not concentrating the army more and making the attack with 30,000 men instead of .15,000. It is impossible to avoid seeing, adds the English officer, that the cause.of this check to the Confederates lies in their utter contempt for the enemy. He continues: Wagons, horses, mules, and cattle captured in Pennsylvaniathe solid ad- vantages of this campaignhave been passing slowly along this road (Fairfield) all day (July 4). So interminable was this train that it soon became evident that we should not be able to start. As soon as it became dark, we all lay around a big fire, and I heard reports coming in from the different generals that the enemy was retiring, and had been doing so all day long. But this, of course, could make no differ- ence to General Lees plans. Ammunition he must have, as he had failed to capture it from the enemy according to precedent. Our progress, he continues, was naturally very slow, indeed, and we took eight hours to go as many miles. I will close these extracts with the following graphic sketch of a stampede which occurred on Monday, July 6, about 7 p. in., and which demonstrates most unequivocally the utter demoralization of the Confederate army. The writer states: About 7 p. m. w~ rode through Hagerstown, in the streets of which were several dead horses and a few dead men~. After proceeding about a mile beyond the town, we halted, and General Longstreet sent four cavalrymen up a lane, with directions to report everything they saw. We then dismounted and lay down. About ten minutes later (being nearly dark) we heard a sudden rusha panicand then a reg- ular stampede commenced, in the midst of which I descried our four cavalry heroes crossing a field as fast as they could gallop. All was now complete confusion, offi- cers mounting their horses and pursuing those which had got loose, and soldiers climbing over fences for protection against the supposed advancing Yankees. In the midst of the din, I heard an artillery officer shouting to his cannoneers to stand by him, and plant the guns in a proper position for enfilading the lane. I als5dis- tinguished Longstreet walking about, hustled by the excited crowd, and remarking in angry tones, which could scarcely be heard, and to which no attention was paid, Now, you dont know what it is; you dont know what it is. While the row and confusion were at their height, the object of all this alarm at length emerged from the dark lane, in the shape of a domestic four-wheeled carriage, with a harmless load of females. The stampede had, however, spread, increased in the rear, and caused much harm and delay. It is to be hoped that the above narrative will be regarded as dis- passionate, as it is meant to be impartial. Some slight errors ma Page 136 136 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. LOHAP. XXX1X~ have crept in; but this may possibly stimulate others to come for- ward with a rectification. Had General Meade been more copious in his report aud less reserved as to his own important acts, the neces- sity~ for this communication would not have existed. HISTORICUS. HDQRS. CAVALRY CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAc, March 18, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I have the honor to inclose, for the information of the major-general commanding, a copy of my letter to Senator Wade, chairman of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, ex- pressing my willingness for Major-General Meade to be furnished my testimony before said committee; also a copy of Senator Wades re- ply to the same. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. PLEASONTON, Major-General, Commanding. [Inclosuro No. 1.] HDQRS. CAVALRY CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Hon. B. F. WADE, March 11, 1864. Chairman of the Committee on the Conduct of the War: SIR: I have the honor to inclose a copy of a communication re- ceived yesterday from Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, commanding the Army of the Potomac; also a copy of my answer to the same. I desire to state that, should the Committee on the Conduct of the War consider it proper, I am willing Major-General Meade be fur- nished a succinct statement of my testimony before. it. I remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. PLEASONTON, Major- General, Commanding. [Inclosure No. 2.] WASHINGTON, D. C., March 15, 1864. Maj. Gen. A. PLEASONTON, Army of the Potomac: SIR: Your communication, inclosing copy of one from General Meade to yourself in relation to your testimony before the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, has been received. The committee for more than three years past have acted, and con- tinue to act, upon the rule that the testimony taken by them shall be made known to no one until such time as they shall authorize it to be done. So careful have they been in this respect, that they have usually requested of their witnesses to inform no one of the character of their testimony. They have not done so this session, supposing that their desire was sufficiently well understood to render it un- necessary. In one instance only has any witness been permitted to see and ex- amine the testimony before the committee themselves made it public. General Charles P. Stone made application to the committee, not to the witnesses themselves, for permission to examine the diestimony in relation to his administration, basing his application upon th Page 137 t~1tAp.. XXXIX I THE GETTYSBUI~G OAM1?AIG~. ground that he had reason to believe that his long imprisonment in Fort Lafayette was, to some extent, caused by that testimony. The permission was accordingly granted to him. The committee do not now see any good reason to induce them to depart from a rule so long established and hitherto so strictly ad- hered to. Should satisfactory reasons hereafter be presented, they would undoubtedly grant such a privilege to others. Until then they deem it expedient to adhere to the rule here indicated. The committee cannot suppose that any person would for a mo- ment seriously entertain the idea of calling any witness they may think proper to examine to account for the testimony he may give. Being clothed by Congress with all its powers in the premises, their own self-respect and dignity will not permit them to acknowledge the right of any person to question their authority to examine any one upon any subject which they have been authorized and directed to investigate. In order to do that, every witness must feel himself perfectly free to answer any interrogations the committee may ask, or to give any testimony which may relate to the subject upon which he may be examined. I remain, very respectfully, B. F. WADE, Chairman, & c. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.] HDQRS. OF THE ARMY, Washington, March 20, 1864. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: The Secretary of War has shown me your letter in re- gard to the communication in the Herald signed Historicus. I have no doubt that and other articles of the same kind in the New York papers were written or dictated by General Sickles; neverthe-. less, you will not be able to fix on him the authorship, and nothing would suit him better than to get you into a personal or newspaper controversy. He would there be perfectly at~ home, and, with his facilities for controlling or giving color to the New York press, would have greatly the advantage. My advice would be to ignore him entirely in this controversy, unless he makes himself offlcially~ amen- able, which I think he is too shrewd to do. He cannot by these newspaper articles injure your military reputation in the slightest degree. Indeed, I think that any attacks from him will have the contrary effect. Yours, truly, H. W. HALLECK. CONFIDENTIAL.] HDQRS. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, March 22, 1864. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: I have received and thank you for your friendly letter of the 20th instant. I have no intention of entering into a personal or newspaper controversy with General Sickles. I hardly expected he would acknowledge writing, or being a party to the writing, of the letter by Historieus; but I did expect he wonld have the manliness to say, though he was not a party to its publication, that its content Page 138 13S ~.C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. ECHAP. XXXIX~ were, in his judgment and belief, correct and true. As these state- ments are in direct conflict with my official report, I thought this might be considered sufficiently official by~ the Department to justify an investigation. Of course, if he denies having had anything to do with the matter, why that is an end of it. I am not as philosophical as you are, nor do I consider it good policy to permit such slanders as have beeii circulated to pass en- tirely unnoticed. They have an influence with many people to whom I am a stranger; indeed, even my friends, believing me innocent, have still been puzzled to account for and understand these charges. I had no intention of annoying thc~ Department, and if you and the Secretary think it better policy for me to keep quiet, I will with- draw the letter I have written, or remain satisfied with an official reply that the Department cannot interfere or take action on an anonymous communication. Truly, yours, GEG. G. MEADE. BRANDY STATION, VA., March 22, 1864. Major-General MEADE: SIR: I have the honor to submit the following statement of facts relative to the battle of July 2, at Gettysburg: At the opening of the battle of July 2, there were no troops belong- ing to General Sickles corps on Round Top ridge. General Sickles, when called upon bGeneral Warren, through me, to furnish troops for the defense of that position, refused to do so, stating that his whole command was necessary to defend his front, or words to that effect. General Sykes furnished troops~ for the object stated above as soon as called upon to do sof I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, RANALD S. MACKENZIE, First Lieutenant, Corps of Engineers. WASHINGTON, D. C., March 23, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac: The Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War have summoned me before them. I desire, before testifying, to have the rough minutes of the council of July 2, which I mailed to you; also the manifold writer which I used and left with you; also. the originals of all dispatches, orders, & c., prepared by me. Should General Meade consent, will you please send them to me, by special messenger, at Willards? Please answer. DANL. BUTTERFIELD, Major-General. MARCH 23, 1864~5.4O p. m. Maj. Gen. D. BUTTERFIELD, Willards Hotel, Washington: Your dispatch received. As you are not now connected with the Army of the Potomac, the major-general commanding declines fur Page 139 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 139 nishing you with the records of said army. Any papers appertaining to this army that the Committee on the Conduct of the War may call for, will, of course, be promptly and cheerfully furnished. I have no recollection of ever having received the rough minutes of the council of July 2, which you say you mailed to me. The records have re- cently been thoroughly examined, and no such paper has been found. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. HDQRS. 1ST Div., 12TH CORPS, ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND, Tullahoma, Tenn., hi/larch 23, 1864. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your circular communication of the 10th instant. My recollections of the council or meeting of corps commanders, held on the evening of the 2d July last, are briefly these: After some desultory conversation, having reference mainly to the amount of supplies and the strength of each corps, and, incidentally, to the results of the afternoon attack upon our left, and to the de- fensible character of the position around Gettysburg compared with others named, three questions were read by the chief of staff for the opinion of the general officers present. In substance they were: 1. Shall the army remain in its present position? 2. If so, how long ? 3. Shall it act on the defensive or offensive? The vote was, I think, unanimous to remain, and to act on the de- fensive, and the commanding general announced that his orders would be in accordance with this opinion. I heard no expression from him which led me to think he was in favor of withdrawing the army from before Gettysburg. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. S. WILLIAMS, Brigadier-General of Volunteers. EXECUTIVE MANSION, Washington, March 29, 1864. Major-General MEADE: MY DEAR SIR: Your letter to Colonel Townsend,* inclosing a slip from the Herald, and asking a court of inquiry, has been laid before me by the Secretary of War, with the request that I would consider it. It is quite natural that you should feel some sensibility on the subject; yet I am not impressed, nor do I think the country is im- pressed, with the belief that your honor demands, or the public interest demands, such an inquiry. The country knows that at all events you liave done good service; and I believe it agrees with me that it is much better for you to be engaged in trying to do more than to be diverted, as you necessarily would be, by a court of inquiry. Yours, truly, A. LINCOLN. *Of March 15, 1864, p. 127 Page 140 140 ~ C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. ~ XXXIXJ ADDENDA. III.PUBLIc RESOLUTIONNO. 9. A RESOLUTION expressive of the thanks of Congress to Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, Maj. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard, and the officers and soldiers of the Army of the Potomac. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Stcttes of America, in Congress assembled, That the gratitude of the American people, and the thanks of their Representatives in Con- gress, are dne, and are hereby tendered, to Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, and the officers and soldiers of the Army of the Potomac, for the skill, energy, and endurance which first covered Washington and Baltimore from the meditated blow of the advancing and power- ful army of rebels led by General Robert E. Lee; and to Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, Maj. Gen. Oliver 0. Howard, and the officers and soldiers of that army, for the skill and heroic valor which, at Gettys- burg, repulsed, defeated, and drove back, broken and dispirited, be- yond the Rappahannock, the veteran army of the rebellion. Approved January 28, 1864. No. 7. Itinerary of the Army of the Potomac and co-operating forces, June 5July 31, 1863.* June 5.The Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, with headquarters near Falmouth, was posted on the north bank of the Rappahannock River, confronting the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, under General Robert E. Lee, mainly concentrated about the town of Fredericksburg, on the south bank of the river. The several commands of the Army of the Potomac were distributed as follows: First Corps (Reynolds), in the vicinity of White Oak Church; Second Corps (Couchs), near. Falmouth; Third Corps (Birneys), at Il3oscobel, near Falmouth; Fifth Corps (Meades), in the vicinity of Banks, United States, and adjacent fords on the Rappahannock; Sixth Corps (Sedgwicks), near White Oak Church, with the Second Division (Howes) thrown forward to Frank- lins Crossing of the Rappahannock, a little below Fredericksburg, near the mouth of Deep Run; Eleventh Corps (Howards), near Brookes Station, on the Aquia Creek Railroad; and the Twelfth Corps (Slocums), near Stafford Court-House and Aquia Landing. The Cavalry Corps (Pleasontons, with headquarters at Manassas Junction) had two divisions (Duffi~s and Greggs) and the Cavalry Reserve Brigade, all under Buford, in the vicinity of Warrenton Junction, and one division (B. F. Davis) in the neighborhood of Brookes Station. The Artillery Reserve (R. 0. Tylers) was near Falmouth. June 6.Howes (Second) division, Sixth Army Corps, crossed the Rappahannock at Franklins Crossing, and, after a skirmish, occu pied the enemys rifle-pits. Wrights (First) and Newtons (Third) divisions of the same corps moved to the same point from White Oak Church, taking position on the north bank of the river. p . * Compiled by Mr. Joseph W. Kirkley, of the Adjutant-Generals Office, under direction of Adjutant-General Richard C. Drum, U. S. Army Page 141 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 141 June 7.Wrights (First) division, Sixth Corps, was sent across the Rappahannock at Franklins Crossing, relieving Howes (Second) division, which returned to the north side. June 8.The Cavalry Corps (Pleasontons), consisting of Bufords (First), D. McM. Greggs (Third), and Duffi6s (Second) divisioiis, and the Regular Reserve Brigade, supported by detachments of in- fantry, under Generals Adelbert Anies and David A. Russell, moved to Kellys and Beverly Fords, preparatory to crossing the Rappahan- nock on a reconnaissance toward Culpeper. June 9.Newtons (Third) division, Sixth Corps, relieved Wrights (First) division on the south bank of the Rappahannock at Frank- lins Crossing. The Cavalry Corps, supported by Generals Ames and Russells infantry, crossed the Rappahannock at Kellys and Beverly Fords, fought the enemy at or near Beverly Ford, Brandy Station, and Stevensburg, and recrossed the river at Rappahannock Station and Beverly Ford. June 10.The Cavalry Corps took position in the neighborhood of Warrenton Junction. Its infantry supports in the reconnaissance of the day previous rejoined their respective commands. Howes (Second) division, Sixth Corps, moved from Franklins Crossing to Aquia Creek. June 11.The Third Corps marched from Boscobel, near Falmouth, to Hartwood Church. Jane 12.The First Corps marched from Fitzhnghs plantation and White Oak Church to Deep Run; the Third Corps from Hart- wood Church to Bealeton, with Humphreys (Third) division, ad- vanced to the Rappahannock; the Eleventh Corps from the vicinity of Brookes Station to Hartwood Church; and Headquarters Cavalry Corps from Manassas Junction to Warrenton Junction. The advance of the Confederate army skirmished with the Union troops at Newtown, Cedarville, and Middletown, in the Shenandoah Valley. June 13.The First Corps marched from Deep Run to Bealeton; the Fifth Corps from the vicinity of Banks Ford, via Grove Church, toward Morrisville; Wrights (First) and Newtons (Third) divis- ions, Sixth Corps, from Franklins Crossing to Potomac Creek; the Eleventh Corps, from Hart~ood Church to Catletts Station; the Twelfth Corps from near Stafford Court-House and Aquia Creek Landing en route to Dumfries; Wyndhams brigade of Greggs cavalry division from Warrenton Junction to Warrenton; and the Artillery Reserve from near Falmouth to Stafford Court-House. McReynoids (Third) brigade, of Milroys division, Eighth Army Corps, marched from Berryville to Winchester. June 14.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from near Falniouth to Dumfries; the First and Third Corps marched from Bealeton to Manassas Junction; the Fifth Corps arrived at Morris- ville, and marched thence, via Bristersburg, to Catletts Station; Wrights (First) and Newtons (Third) divisions, Sixth Corps, moved from Potomac Creek to Stafford Court-House; the Eleventh Corps from Catletts Station to Manassas Junction, and thence toward Centreville; the Twelfth Corps reached Dumfries; and the Artil- lery Reserve moved from Stafford Court-House to Wolf Run Shoals. Daniel Tylers command, of the Eighth Army Corps, fell back from Martinsburg to Maryland Heights. June 15,Headchuart~rs Army of th~ PotomaQ n~ov~d from Du Page 142 142 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. fries to Fairfax Station; the Second Corps (llancocks*) moved from Falmouth to near Aqnia; the Fifth Corps from Catletts Station, via Bristoe Station, to Manassas Junction; the Sixth Corps from Aquia Creek and Stafford Court-Honse to Dnmfries; the Twelfth Corps from Dumfries to FairfaxCourt-House; the Cavalry Corps t (except Wynd- hams brigade; which marched from Warrenton to Manassas Junc- tion, and thence on the 16th to Union Mills) from Warrenton Junction to Union Mills and Bristoe Station; the Artillery Reserve from Wolf Run Shoals to Fairfax Court-House; and the Eleventh Corps arrived at Centreville. Milroys (Second) division, of the Eighth Army Corps, evacuated Winchester, and fell back to Mary~- land Heights and Hancock, Md. June 16.The Second Corps marched from near Aquia, via Dum- fries, to Wolf Run Shoals, on the Occoquan; the Sixth Corps from Dumfries to Fairfax Station; and the Cavalry Corps from Union Mills and Bristoe Station to Manassas Junction and I~ull Run. June 17.The First Corps marched from Manassas Junction to Herndon Station; the Second Corps from Wolf Run Shoals to Sang- sters Station; the Third Corps from Manassas Junction to Centre- ville; the 1~ifth Corps from Manassas Junction to Gum Springs; the Eleventh Corps from Centreville to Cow-Horn Ford, or Trappe Rock, on Goose Creek; and the Twelfth Corps from Fairfax Court-House to near Dranesville. The Cavalry Corps moved from Manassas Junction and Bull Run to Aldie. June 18.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Fair- fax Station to Fairfax Court-House; the Sixth Corps from Fairfax Station to Germantown.; and the Twelfth Corps from near Dranes- ville to Leesburg. J. I. Greggs cavalry brigade advanced from Aldie to Middleburg, and returned to a point midway between the two places. June 19.The First Corps marched from Herndon Station to Guil- ford Station; the Third Corps from Centreville to Gum Springs; and the Fifth Corps from Gum Springs to Aldie. Greggs cavalry divis- ion, except McIntoshs (late Wyndhams) brigade, advanced to Mmd- dleburg. McIntoshs brigade moved from Aldie to Hay Market. June 20.The Second Corps m& ved from Sangsters Station to Centreville, and thence toward Thoroughfare Gap; the S~cond Divis- ion (Howes), Sixth Corps, from Germantown to Bristoe Stafion. June 21.The Second Corps arrived at Gainesville and Thorough- fare Gap. The Cavalry Corps (except McIntoshs brigade, of Greggs division), supported by Barnes (First) division, Fifth Corps, marched from Aldie and Middleburg to Upperville. McIntoshs cavalry bri- gade marched from Hay Market to Aldie, and thence to Upperville. Stahels division of cavalry, from the Defenses of Washington, moved from Fairfax Court-House, via Centreville and Gainesville, to Buck- land Mills. June 22.The Cavalry Corps and Barnes (First) division, of the Fifth Corps, returned from Upperville to Aldie. Stahels cavalry division moved from Buckland Mills, via New Baltimore, to Warren- ton. * General ilancock assumed command of the Second Corps June 9, 1863, succeed- ing General Couch, who was assigned to the command of the Department of the Susquehanna. t By orders of June 13, 1863, this corps was reduced from three to two divisions? commanded by Brig. Gens. John Buford and D. Mc1VI. Gregg Page 143 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GEITYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 143 June 23.Stahels cavalry division moved from Warrenton, via Gainesville, to Fairfax Court-House. June 24.Newtons (Third) division, Sixtli Corps, moved from Germantown to Ceutreville, and the Eleventh Corps from Cow-Horn Ford, or Trappe Rock, on Goose Creek, to the south bank of the Po- tomac, at Edwards Ferry. Stahels cavalry division moved from Fairfax Court-House to near Dranesville. June 25.The First Corps marched from Guilford Station, Va., to Barnesville, Md.; the Third Corps from Gum Springs, Va., to the north side of the Potomac, at Edwards Ferry and the month of the Monocacy; the Eleventh Corps from Edwards Ferry, Va., to Jef- ferson, Md.; and the Artillery Reserve from Fairfax Court-House, Va., to near Poolesville, Md. These commands crossed the Potomac at Edwards Ferry. The Second Corps marched from Thoroughfare Gap and Gainesville to Gum Springs. Howes (Second) division, Sixth Corps, moved from Bristoe Station to Centreville; Crawfords division (two brigades) of Pennsylvania Reserves, from tlie Defenses of Washington, marched from Fairfax Station and Uptons Hill to Vienna. Stannards Vermont Brigade, from the Defenses of Wash- ington, left the month of the Occoquan en route to join the Army of the Potomac. Stahels cavalry division moved from near Dranes- ville, Va., via Youngs Island Ford, on the Potomac, en route to Frederick, Md. June 26.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Fair- fax Court-House, Va., via Dranesville and Edwards Ferry, to Pooles- ville, Md.; the First Corps from Barnesville to Jefferson, Md.; the Second Corps from Gum Springs, Va., to the north side of the Po- tomac, at Edwards Ferry; the Third Corps from the mouth of the Monocacy to Point of Rocks, Md.; the Fifth Corps from Aldie, Va., via Carters Mills, Leesburg, and Edwards Ferry, to within 4 miles of the mouth of the Monocacy, Md.; the Sixth Corps from German- town and Centreville to Dranesville, Va.; the Eleventh Corps from Jefferson to Middletown, Md.; the Twelfth Corps from Leesburg, Va., via Edwards Ferry, to the mouth of the Monocacy, Md.; and the Cavalry Corps (Bufords and Greggs divisions) from Aldie to Leesburg, Va. Stahels cavalry division was en route between the Potomac and Frederick, Md. Crawfords Pennsylvania Reserves moved from Vienna to Goose Creek, Va. June 27.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Pooles- ville to Frederick, Md.; the First Corps from Jefferson to Middletown, Md.; the Second Corps from near Edwards Ferry, via Poolesville, to Barnesville, Md.; the Third Corps from Point of Rocks, via Jeffer- son, to Middletown, Md.; the Fifth Corps from a point between Edwards Ferry and the mouth of the Monocacyt o B allingers Creek, near Frederick, Md.; the Sixth Corps from Dranesville, Va., via Edwards Ferry, to near Poolesville, Md.; the Twelfth Corps from near the mouth of the Monocacy, via Point of Rocks, to Knoxville, Md.; Bufords cavalry division from Leesburg, Va., via Edwards Ferry, to near Jefferson, Md.; Greggs cavalry division from Lees- burg; Va., via Edwards Ferry, toward Frederick, Md.; and the Artillery Reserve from Poolesville to Frederick, Md. Stahels cav- alry division reached Frederick, Md. Crawfords Pennsylvania Reserves moved from Goose Creek, Va., via Edwards Ferry, to the mouth of the Monocacy, Md. June 28.The First Corps marched from Middletown to Frederick; the Second Corps frQTXl Barnesville to lVLonocacy Junction; th Page 144 144 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. Third Corps * from Middletown to near Woodsborough; the Sixth Corps from near Poolesville to Hyattstown; the Eleventh Corps from Middletown to near Frederick, and the Twelfth Corps from Knoxville to Frederick. Bufords cavalry division moved from near Jefferson to Middletown; Greggs cavalry division reached Frederick, and marched thence to New Market and Ridgeville. Crawfords Pennsylvania Reserves marched from the mouth of the Monocac y, and joined the Fifth Corpsf at Ballingers Creek. Stahels cavalry division was assigned to the Cavalry Corps, as the Third Division, under Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, with Brig. Gen. Elon J. Farns- worth commanding the First Brigade and Brig. Gen. George A. Custer commanding the Second Brigade. June 29.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Fred- erick to Middleburg; the First and Eleventh Corps from Frederick to Emmitsburg; the Second Corps from Monocacy Junction, via Liberty and Johnsville, to Uniontown; the Third Corps from near Woodsborough to Taneytown; the Fifth Corps from Ballingers Creek, via Frederick and Mount Pleasant, to Liberty; the Sixth Corps from Hyattstown, via New Market and Ridgeville, to New Windsor; the Twelfth Corps from Frederick to Taneytown and Bruceville; Gambles (First) and Devins (Second) brigades, of Bu- fords (First) cavalry division, from Middletown, via Boonsborongh, Cavetown, and Monterey Springs, to near Fairfield; Merritts reserve cavalry brigade, of the same division, from Middletown to Mechanics- town; Greggs (Second) cavalry division from New Market and Ridge- ville to New Windsor; Kilpatricks (Third) cavalry division from Frederick to Littlestown; and the Artillery Reserve from Frederick to Bruceville. June 30.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Mid- dleburg to Taneytown; the First Corps from Emmitsburg to Marsh Run; the Third Corps from Taneytown to Bridgeport; the Fifth Corps from Liberty, via Johnsville, Union Bridge, and Union, to Union Mills; the Sixth Corps from New Windsor to Manchester; the Twelfth Corps from Taneytown and Bruceville to Littlestown; Gambles and Devins brigades, of Bufords cavalry division, front near Fairfield, via Emmitsburg, to Gettysburg; Greggs cavalry divis- ion from New Windsor to Westminster, and thence to Manchester; Kilpatricks cavalry division from Littlestown to Hanover; and the Artillery Reserve from Bruceville to Taneytown. Kenlys and Mor- ris brigades, of Frenchs division, left Maryland Heights for Fred- erick, and Elliotts and Smiths brigades, of the same division, moved from the Heights, by way of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, for Washington. July 1.The First Corps moved from Marsh Run and the Eleventh Corps from Emmitsburg to Gettysburg; the Second Corps from Uniontown, via Taneytown, to near Gettysburg; the Third Corps from Bridgeport, via Enimitsburg, to the field of Gettysburg; the Fifth Corps from Union Mills, via Hanover and McSherrystown, to Bonaughtown; the Sixth Corps from Manchester en route to Gettys- burg; and the Twelfth Corps from Littlestown, via Two Taverns, to the field of Gettysburg. Greggs cavalry division marched from Man- * Maj. Gen. D. E. Sickles resumed command of the Third Corps, relieving Maj. Gen. D. B. Birney, who had been temporarily fri command. t Maj. Gen. George G. Meade relinquished command of the Fifth Corps to Maj. Gen. George Sykes, and assumed coi~imand of the Ar ~1aj. ~j1ej~. ,,Toseph ~ - --~ ~ the toui~w~ reI.ievin Page 145 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETITSBURG CAMPAIGN. 145 chester to Hanover Junction, whence McIntoshs and J. I. Greggs hrigades proceeded to Hanover, while Hueys brigade returned to Manchester. Kilpatricks cavalry division moved from Hanover, via Abbottsville, to Berlin; and the Artillery Reserve (Ransoms and Fitzhughs brigades) from Taneytown to near Gettysburg. Stan- nards Vermont Brigade, from the Defenses of Washington, joined the First Corps on the field of Gettysburg. W. F. Smiths (First) division, of the Department of the Susquehanna, marched from the vicinity of Harrisburg to Carlisle. Kenlys and Morris brigades of Frenchs division reached Frederick. July 2.The Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps, Lockwoods brigade, from the Middle Department, McIntoshs and J. I. Greggs brigades, of D. McM. Greggs cavalry division, Kilpatricks cavalry division, and the Artillery Reserve, reached the field of Gettysburg. Gam- bles and Devins brigades, of Bufords cavalry division, marched from Gettysburg to Taneytown, and Merritts reserve brigade from Mechanicstown to Emmitsburg. July 3.Gambles and Devins brigades, of Bufords cavalry di- vision, moved from Taneytown to Westminster; ~Merritts reserve brigade from Emmitsburg to the field of Gettysburg; and Hueys brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, from Manchester to West- minster. July 4.Gambles and Devins brigades, of Bufords cavalry di- vision, marched from Westminster, and Merritts reserve brigade from Gettysburg, em route to Frederick; Hueys brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, from Westminster, via Emmitsburg, to Monterey; J. I. Greggs cavalry brigade from Gettysburg to Hunterstown; and Kilpatricks cavalry division from Gettysburg, via Emmitsburg, to Monterey. Smiths division, of Couchs command, moved from Car- lisle, via Mount Holly, to Pine Grove, and the remainder of Couchs troops from the vicinity of Harrisburg toward Shippensburg and Chambersburg. Elliotts and Smiths brigades, of Frenchs division, arrived at Washington from Maryland Heights, and moved to Ten- nallytown. Morris brigade, of Frenchs division, marched from Prederick to Turners Gap, in South Mountain. July 5.Leaving Gettysburg, the Second Corps marched to Two Taverns; the Fifth Corps to Marsh Run; the Sixth Corps to Fairfield; the Eleventh Corps to Rock Creek; the Twelfth Corps to Littlestown; McIntoshs brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, to Emmitsburg; and the Artillery Reserve to Littlestown. Bufords cavalry division reached Frederick. J. I. Greggs cavalry brigade moved from Hun- terstown to Greenwood. Kilpafricks cavalry division and Hueys brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, marched from Monterey, via Smithsburg, to Boonsborough. July 6.The First Corps marched from Gettysburg to Emmits- burg; the Fifth Corps from Marsh Run to Moritzs Cross-Roads; the Sixth Corps from Fairfield to Emmitsburg, except Neills (Third) brigade, of Howes (Second) division, which, in conjunction with McIntoshs brigade of cavalry, was left at Fairfield to pursue the en- emy; the Eleventh Corps from Rock Creek to Emmitsburg; Bufords cavalry division from Frederick to Williamsport and thence back to Jones Cross-Roads; Kilpatricks cavalry division and Hueys bri- gade, of Greggs cavalry division, from Boonsborough, via Hagers- town * and Williamsport, to Jones Cross-Roads; McIntoshs brigade, * Richmonds brigade, of Kilpatricks division, remained at Hagerstown, whence: it retired toward Boonsborough. 10 R RvOL xxvii, PT Page 146 146 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Oiw.. XXXIX. of Greggs cavalry division, from Emmitsburg to Fairfield; and J. I. Greggs brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, from Greenwood to Marion. Smiths division, of Couchs command, moved from Pine Grove to Newmans Pass. Kenlys brigade, of Frenchs division, marched from Frederick en route to Maryland Heights. Elliotts and Smiths brigades, of Frenchs division, left Tennallytown, via Washington and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, en route to Frederick. July 7.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Get- tysburg to Frederick; the First Corps from Emmitsburg to Ham- burg; the Second Corps from Two Taverns to Taneytown; the Third Corps from Gettysburg, via Emmitsburg, to Mechanicstown; the Fifth Corps from Moritzs Cross-Roads, via Emmitsburg, to Utica; the Sixth Corps from Emmitsburg to Mountain Pass, ne ar Ham- burg; the Eleventh Corps from Emmitsbnrg to Middletown; the Twelfth Corps from Littlestown to Walkersville; and the Artillery Reserve from Littlestown to Woodsborough. Bufords and Kilpat- ricks cavalry divisions and Hueys brigade, of Greggs cavalry di- vision, moved from Jones Cross-Roads to Boonsborough. J. I. Greggs cavalry brigade was moving en route from Chambersburg to Middletown. McIntoshs brigade of cavalry and Neills brigade, of the Sixth Corps, moved from Fairfield to Waynesborough. Smiths division, of Couchs command, marched from Newmans Pass to Alto- dale. Kenlys brigade, of Frenchs division, with other troops for- warded by Scheuck from Baltimore, reoccupied Maryland Heights. Elliotts and Smiths brigades, of Frenchs division, reached Fred- erick from Washington. July 8.Headquarters Army of tlie Potomac moved from Fred- erick to Middletown; the First or s from Hamburg to Turners Gap, in South Mountain; the Second Corps from Taneytown to Fred- erick; the Third Corps from Mechanicstown to a point 3 miles south- west of Frederick; the Fifth Corps from Utica to Middletown; the Sixth Corps from near Hamburg to Middletown; the Eleventh Corps from Middletown to Turners Gap, in South Mountain, Schurzs (Third) division being advanced to Boonsborough; the Twelfth Corps from Walkersville to Jefferson; and the Artillery Reserve from Woodsborough to Frederick. J. I. Greggs cavalry bri a e was moving en route from Chambersburg to Middletown. Smiths divis- ion, of Couchs command, moved from Altodale to Waynesborough. Campbells and Mulligans brigades, of Kelleys command, Depart- ment of West Virginia, were concentrated at Hancock, whence they moved to Fairview, on North Mountain. July 9.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Middle- town to Turners Gap; the Second Corps from Frederick to Roh- rersville; the Third or s from near Frederick to Foxs Gap, in South Mountain; the Fifth Corps from Middletown, via Foxs Gap, to near Boonsborough; the Sixth Corps from Middletown to Boonsborough; the Twelfth Corps from Jefferson to Rohrersville; and the Artillery Reserve from Frederick to Boonsborough. J. I. Greggs cavalry brigade reached Middletown from Chambersburg. Elliotts and Smiths brigades, of Frenchs division, marched from Frederick to Middletown. July 10.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Turn- ers Gap to Beaver Creek, beyond Boonsborough; the First Corps from Turners Ga p to Beaver Creek, where it was joined by Kenlys brigade, of Frenchs division, from Maryland Heights; the Secon Page 147 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGY. 1 4k( Corps from Rohrersville to near Tilghmanton; the Third Corps from Foxs Gap, through Boonsborough, to Antietam Creek, in the vicinity of Jones Cross-Roads, where it was joined by Elliotts and Smiths brigades, of Frenchs division, which marched from Middletown, and Morris brigade, of the same division, which marched from Turners Gap; the Fifth Corps from near Boonsborough to Delaware Mills, on Antietam Creek; the Sixth Corps from Boonsborough to Beaver Creek; the Eleventh Corps from Turners Gap to Beaver Creek; and the Twelfth Corps from Rohrersville to Bakersville. Bufords and Kilpatricks cavalry divisions moved from Boonsbor- ough to Funkstown; Hueys brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, from Boonsborough to Jones Cross-Roads, and McIntoshs cavalry brigade from Waynesborough, via Smithsburg and Leitersburg, to Old Antietam Forge, and back to Wa~nesborough. July 11.The Second Corps moved rom near Tilghmanton to the neighborhood of Jones Cross-Roads; the Twelfth Corps from Ba- kersville to Fair Play and Jones Cross-Roads; Gambles and Devins brigades, of Bufords cavalry division, from Funkstown to Bakers- ville; J. I. Greggs cavalry brigade from Middletown to Boonsbor- ough; Kilpatricks cavalry division from Funkstown to near Hagers- town; the Artillery Reserve from Boonsborough to Benevola; Neills brigade, of the Sixth Corps, and Smiths division, of Couchs com- mand, from Waynesborough to Leitersburg. July 12.The First, Sixth, and Eleventh Corps moved from Beaver Creek to Funkstown; McIntoshs cavalry brigade froixi Waynesborough, via Leitersburg, to Boonsborough ; Kilpatricks cav- alry division and Ames (First) division, Eleventh Corps, occupied Hagerstown; Neills brigade, of the Sixth Corps, moved from Leit- ersburg to Funkstown, where it rejoined its corps; Smiths division ~ except one brigade, left at Waynesborough) from Leitersburg to avetown; Danas (Second) division, of Couchs command, from Chambersburg to Greencastle; and Averells cavalry brigade, De- partment of West Virginia, from Cumberland en route to Fairview. July 13.The Sixth Corps moved from Funkstown to the vicinity of Hagerstown; the Artillery Reserve from Benevola to Jones Cross- Roads, two brigades remaining at the latter place and the others re- turning to Benevola; Smiths division, of Couchs command, from Waynesborough and Cavetown to Hagerstown and Beaver Creek. Averells cavalry brigade joined Kelleys infantry at Fairview. July 14.The First Corps marched from Funkstown to Williams- port; the Second Corps from near Jones Cross-Roads to near Falling Waters; the Third Corps from Antietam Creek, near Jones Cross- Roads, across Marsh Creek; the Fifth Corps from the vicinity of Rox- bur.y Mills, on Antietam Creek, to near Williamsport; the Sixth Corps from the neighborhood of Hagerstown to Williamsport; the Eleventh Corps from Funkstown, via Hagerstown, to Williamsport; and Will- iams (First) division, of the Twelfth Corps, from Jones Cross-Roads to near Falling Waters, and thence to near Williamsport. Bufords cavalry division moved from Bakersville to Falling Waters; Mc- Intoshs and J. I. Greggs brigades, of D. McM. Greggs cavalry di- vision, from Boonsborough to Harpers Ferry; Hueys brigade, of same division, from Jones Cross-Roads, via Williamsport, to Falling Waters; and Kilpatricks cavalry division from Hagerstown, via Williamsport, to Falling Waters. Kelleys command, Department of West Virginia, marched from Fairview to Williamsport. July 15.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Beave Page 148 1148 Th C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. rOHAP. XXXIX. Creek to Berlin; the First Corps from Williamsport to Rohrersville; the Second Corps from near Falling Waters to near Sandy Hook; the Third Corps from Marsh Creek to near Bnrnsides bridge, on the Antietam; the Fifth Corps from near Williamsport to Bnrkittsville; the Sixth Corps from Williamsport to Boonsborongh; the Eleventh Corps from Wilhamsport, via Hagerstown, to Middletown; and the Twelfth Corps from Fair Play and near Williamsport to Sandy Hook. Two brigades of the Artillery Reserve moved from Jones Cross- Roads, and, joining the remainder of the reserve at Benevola, the whole command marched thence, via Middletown, to Berlin. Bnfords cavalry division moved from Falling Waters to Berlin; McIntoshs and J. I. Greggs brigades, of D. McM. Greggs cavalry division, from Harpers Ferry, via Halltown, to Shepherdstown; Hneys brigade, of same division, from Falling Waters to Boonsborough; and Kilpat- ricks cavalry division from *Falling Waters, via Williamsport and Hagerstown, to Boonsborongh. Kelleys command, Department of West Virginia, marched from Williamsport to Indian Springs. July 16.The First Corps marched from Rohrersville to near Ber- lin; the Third Corps from Bnrnsides bridge to Pleasant Valley, near Sandy Hook; the Fifth Corps from Burkittsville, via Peters- ville, to near Berlin; the Sixth Cory from Boonsborongh to near Berlin~ the Eleventh Corps from Mi dletown, via Jefferson, to Ber- lin; and the Twelfth Corps from Sandy Hook to Pleasant Valley. Bnfords cavalry division moved from Berlin to Petersville; Hneys brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, from Boonsborongh, via Har- jers Ferry, to Shepherdstown; and Kilpatricks division from Boons- borongh to Berlin, whence De Forests (First) brigade proceeded to Harpers Ferry. July 17.The Third Corps moved from near Sandy Hook, crossed the Potomac at Harpers Ferry, and proceeded to a point 3 miles sonth of the Ferry; the Fifth Corps moved from near Berlin to Lovetts- ville, crossing the Potomac at Berlin. Greggs cavalry division marched from Shepherdstown to Harpers Ferry; Kilpatricks cay- alr~y division from Berlin and Harpers Ferry to Pnrcellville, Cns- ter s brigade crossing the Potomac at Berlin, and De Forests brigade the~Shenandoah at Harpers Ferry. Kelleys command, Department of West Virginia, moved from Indian Springs, Md., to Hedgesville, W. Va., crossing the Potomac at Cherry Rnn. July 18.Headqnarters Army of the Potomac moved from Berlin, Md., to Lovettsville, Va.; the First Corps from near Berlin to Water- ford, crossing the Potomac at Berlin; the Second Corps from near Sandy Hook to Hillsborongh, crossing the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers at Harpers Ferry; the Third Corps from near Harpers Ferry to Hillsborongh; the Fifth Corps from Lovettsville to near Pnrcell- ville; the Artillery Reserve from Berlin to Wheatland; and Bn- fords cavalry division from Petersville to Pnrcellville, cr6ssing the Potomac at Berlin. July 19.Headqnarters Army of the Potomac moved from Lov- ettsville to Wheath~nd; the First Corps from Waterford to Hamil- ton; the Second and Third Coi~ps from Hillsborongh to Wood Grove; the Fifth Corps from near Pnrcellville to a point on the road to Philomont; the Sixth Corps from near Berlin to Wheatland, and the Eleventh Corps from Berlin to near Hamilton, both corps cross- ing the Potomac at Berlin; the Artillery Reserve from Wheatland to Pnrcellville; and the Twelfth Corps from Pleasant Valley to near Hillsborongh, crossing the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers at Ha Page 149 CHAP. XXXIXI THE G1~TTYSBtTIWf OAMI~AIG~. 14~ p ers Ferry. Bufords cavalry division moved from Purceliville, via Philomont, to near Rectors Cross-Roads. McIntoshs brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, moved from Harpers Ferry toward Hills- borough, and Hueys and J. I. Greggs brigades, of the same divis- ion, from Harpers Ferry to Lovettsville. Kilpatricks division of cavalry marched from Purcellville to Upperville. Kelleys com- mand, Department of West Virginia, fell back from Hedgesville to the Maryland side of the Potomac at Cherry Run. July 20.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Wheat- land to Union~ the First Corps from Hamilton to Middleburg; the Second and Third Corps from Wood Grove, the former going to Bloomfield and the latter to Upperville; the Fifth Corps from a point on the Purcellville and Philomont road, via Urdon, to Panther Skin Creek; the Sixth Corps from Wheatland to near Beaver Dam; the Eleventh Corps from near Hamiltori~, via Mount Gilead, to Mount- yule; the Twelfth Corps from near Hillsborough, via Wood Grove, to Snickersville; and the Artillery Reserve from Purcellville to Union. Bufords cavalry division moved from near Rectors Cross- Roads to Rectortown, Gambles brigade going thence to Chester Gap, Devins brigade to Salem, and Merritts brigade to Manassas Gap. McIntoshs brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, reached Hills- borough, and marched thence toward Purcellville. Hueys and J. I. Greggs brigades, of same division, moved from Lovettsville to Goose Creek. July 21.Hueys and J. I. Greggs brigades, of D. McM. Greggs cavalry division, moved from Goose Creek to Bull Run; McIntoshs brigade returned to Hillsborough; Kelleys command, Department of West Virginia, recrossed the Potomac from Maryland into Virginia at Cherry Run. July 22.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Union to Upperville; the First Corps from Middleburg to White Plains; the Second Corps from Bloomfield to Paris; the Third Corps from Upperville, via Piedmont, to Linden; the Fifth Corps from Panther Skin Creek to Rectortown; and the Sixth Corps from near Beaver Dam to Rectortown. Devins brigade, of Bufords cavalry division, moved from Salem to Barbees Cross-Roads; Hueys and J. I. Greggs brigades, of D. McM. Greggs cavalry division, from Bull Run to Broad Run; and Kilpatricks cavalry division from Upperville to Piedmont. July 23.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Up- perville to Linden; the First Corps from White Plains to Warren- ton; the Second Corps from Paris to Linden; the Third Corps from Linden to Manassas Gap; the F.ifth Corps from Rectortown, via Markham Station, Farrowsville, and Linden, to Manassas Gap; the Sixth Corps from Rectortown to White Plains and Barbees Cross- Roads; the Eleventh Corps from Mountville to New Baltimore; the Twelfth Corps from Snickersville to Ashbys Gap and thence to Markham Station; and the Artillery Reserve from Union to near Rock Creek. Bufords cavalry division concentrated at Barbees Cross-Roads; McIntoshs brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, moved from Hillsborough to Snickersville; and Kilpatricks cavalry divis- ion from Piedmont to Amissville. July 24.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Linden to Salem; the Second Corps from Linden to Markham Station; the First Division (Wrights), Sixth Corps, from White Plains to New Baltimore; the Second Division (Howes), Sixth Corps, from Bar Page 150 150 ~.c.,VA.,W. VA., No., PA., ETC. LOHAP. XXXIX. bees Cross-Roads to Markham station and thence to Orleans; the Third Division (Bartletts)., Sixth Corps, from Barbees Cross-Roads to Thumb Run; and the Twelfth Corps from Markham Station to Linden, countermarching, via Markham~ Station, to Piedmont. Hueys and J. I. Greggs brigades, of D. McM. Greggs cavalry divis- ion moved from Broad Run to Warrenton Junction. Kelleys com- mand, Department of West Virginia, advanced from Cherry Run to Hedgesville. July 25.Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Salem to Warrenton; the First Corps from Warrenton to Warrenton Junc- tion, the Second Division (Robinsons) going on to Bealeton; the Second Corps from Markham Station to White Plains; the Third Corps from Manassas Gap to near Salem; the Fifth Corps from Manas- sas Gap, via Farrowsville and Barbees Cross-Roads, to Thumb Run; the Sixth Corps concentrated at Warrenton, Wrights (First) divis- ion moving from New Baltimore, Howes (Second) division from Orleans, and Bartletts (Third) division from Thumb Run; the Elev- enth Corps moved from New Baltimore to Warrenton Junction; and the Twelfth Corps from Piedmont, via Rectortown and White Plains, to Thoroughfare Gap. The Artillery Reserve reached Warrenton. Kelleys command, Department of West Virginia, occupied Martins- burg. July 26.The Second Corps marched from White Plains to near Germantown; the Third Corps from near Salem to vicinity of War- renton; the Fifth Corps from Thumb Run to vicinity of Warrenton, Crawfords (Third) division taking position at Fayetteville; and the Twelfth Corps from Thoroughfare Gap, via Greenwich and Cat] etts Station, to Warrenton Junction. Bufords cavalry division took position at Warrenton and Fayetteville. McIntoshs brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, marched from Snickersville, via Upper- ville, to Middleburg. Kelleys command, Department of West Vir- ginia, occupied Winchester. July 27.The Fifth Corps encamped between Warrenton and Fay- etteville. McIntoshs brigade, of Greggs cavalry division, marched from Middlebnrg, via White Plains, New Baltimore, and Warrenton. toward Warrenton Junction. July 28.McThtoshs brigade, of Greggs cavalry division. mo~red, via Warrenton Junction, to Catletts Station. July 29.D. McM. Greggs cavalry division moved from Warren- ton Junction and Catletts Station to Warrenton. July 30.Kenlys (Third) division, First Corps, moved from War- renton Junction to Rappahannock Station; the Second Corps from near Germantown to Elk Run; D. McM. Greggs cavalry division from Warrenton to Amissville; and Kilpatricks cavalry division from Amissville to Warrenton. July 31.The Second Corps marched from Elk Run to Morrisville; Howes (Second) division, Sixth Corps, from Warrenton to near Waterloo; the Twelfth Corps from Warrenton Junction to Kellys Ford; and Kilpatricks cavalry division from Warrenton to Warren- ton Junction Page 151 5252520 ~002 CC~CC ~ A O~0CDCC~ 0? ?OA -~0 eCA ~A CDCC?OA?C CD ~2CD~ ~CDD-~cCCC D~ ~ ~ 0? 00C0 ~ ~I ~ W-ThCD A ... 020?. CC ... ~ CD 50 .... A CD 2-DCD CD 21 0 21 CC CD 21 CD 0 CD I CD 52 0 CD 0 5, 0 0 0 0 21 0 riD. C 21 52 CD 0 0 02 20 0DCCCC~ 2~ -~ 2~0D.200?2~ CCOOT 22? 00? ?SOCD?0D50 20 OAOD CD 0?2~ 20 0~~5CA22D 20 CDOD 200 ~2.220. 0 $2? 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Vt 0 T-f. 0 Vt Vt 0 0 Vt 2 2 ~~CV VT ~ITVTVVTVT VTVT~A VTVTTV TV OA~~Z VT-~TV -~t V Page 153 THI~ GETT~tSI3tJI~G CAMPAIGN. Consolidated field return of the Army of the Potomac. JULY 4, 1863. Strength.* Infantry. Artillery. Command. 55 ill iS ~ 0 ~ First Army Corps: First Division Second Division Third Division. Artillery Brigade Total First Army Corpst Second Army Corps: First Division Second Division Third Division Artillery Brigade Total Second Army Corps Third Army Corps: First Division Second Division Artillery Brigade Total Third Army Corps Fifth Army Corps: First Division Second Division Third Division Artillery Brigade Total Fifth Army Corps Sixth Army Corps: First Division Second Division Third Division Artillery Brigade Total Sixth Army Corps Eleventh Army Corps: First Division Second Division Third Division Artillery Brigadel Total Eleventh Army Corps Twelfth Army Corps; First Division Second Division Lockwoods brigade 10th Maine Infantry Artillery Brigade Total Twelfth Army Corps 144 124 144 1,458 906 2,125 412 4,489 12 517 5,430 152 170 209 531 1,694 1,807 2,422 5,923 475 225 2,765 213 2,367 .16 438 5,132 16 544. 237 188 201 3,235 2,834 2,414 .ii. 626 8,483 14 430 9,553 287 3,886 4,173 215 3,209 3,424 281 3,947 4,228 29 978 1,007 783 11,042 29 978 12,832 66 1,116 1,182 127 1,982 2,109 108 1,620 1,728 10 484 494 301 4,718 10 484 5,513 275 4,088 4,363 167. 3,287 3,454 83 1,379 1,462 6 154 170 308 531 8,918 9 . 299 9,757 Grand total II 3,622 48,705 90 3,727 56,139 15S 1,602 1,030 2,269 529 1,846 1,977 2,631 475 6,924 2,990 2,580 560 6,130 3,472 3,022 2,615 444 * Reported by the First, Second, Fifth, and Eleventh Corps as present for duty;~ by the Third Corps as effective strength, and by the Twelfth Corps as for duty equipped. tOne regiment detailed as wagon guard not reported. ~ Does not include Battery K, First Ohio Light Artillery. Does not include Battery 11, First New York Light Artillery. II General headquarters, the Cavairy Corps and Artillery Reserve not reported Page 154 0~ 0 0 ~Ot~e.Ot Batteries. ~ Officers. C -~ w e,~u Enlistedmen. ~. ~: ~: ~ 4k-inch. 20-pounder Parrotts. 8-inch. 10-pounder Parrotte. ~---~ ~ 12-pounders. ~ 00 6-pounders. 0 0 0 0 0 c.4~ z ~ 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 01 0~z 1 0 0 0 0 ~ 00 0~ 0 0 0 P. Officers. ~ Enlisted men. Horses of offi- ~ cers. Horses of en- listed men. ~ il~02102~ Officers sick. ~ ~: Enlisted men sick. ~o ~ Horses service- ~ able. 00 & ~C~0i Qi 00 ~.ou 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Officers. - Men Officers 02 00 Q~. CO. 0* 0 01 .u:..:: : Men. . .... 0~~ Officers. ~.. 0 ... Men. 02 il~-~o~o~ 00 ~O02e0 00 ~~00 0~0--~00~ 0 00 0 0 0 0 c.~ 00f~~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total. Aggregate. Horses unserv- iceable. .+ * 00 00 000% 00 ~.01 00* 0. 00 00 0 01 00 00~ 0. 00 0 P.O -30 001 00 0 1 0 0 0 Page 155 CuAP. XXXIX.) 155 THE GE~VrYSBUHG CAMPAIGN. No. 9. Organization of the Army of the Potomac, .l1taj. Gen. George U. llleade, U. S. Army, commanding, at the battle of Gettysburg, July 13, 1863. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. COMMAND OF THE PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL. Brig. Gen. MARSENA R. PATRICK. 93d New York,* Cob John S. Crocker. 8th United States (eight companies),* Capt. Edwin W. H. Read. 2d Pennsylvania Cavalry, Cob R. Butler Price. 6th Pennsylvania cavalry, Companies E and I, Capt. James Starr. Regular cayalry (detachments from 1st, 2d, 5th, and 6th Regiments). SIGNAL CORPS. Capt. LEMUEL B. NORTON. GUARDS AND ORDERLIES. Oneida (New York) Cavalry, Capt. Daniel P. Mann. ARTILLERY.t Brig. Gen. HENRY J. HUNT. ENGINEER BRIGADE4 Brig. Gen. HENRY W. BENHAM. 15th New York (three companies), Maj. Walter L. Cassin. 50th New York, Col. William H. Pettes. United States Battalion, Capt. George H. Mendell. FIRST ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. ABNER DOUBLEDAY. Maj. Gen. JOHN NEWTON. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. 1st Maine Cavalry, Company L, Capt. Constantine Taylor. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES S. WADSWORTH. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. SOLOMON MEREDITH. Col. WILLIAM W. ROBINSON. 19th Indiana, Cob Samuel J. Williams. 24th Michigan:. Col. Henry A. Morrow. Capt. Albert M. Edwards. 2d Wisconsin: Col. Lucius Fairchild. Maj. John Mansfield. Capt. George H. Otis. 6th Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. Rufus R. Dawes. 7th Wisconsin: Col. William W. Robinson. Maj. Mark Finnicum. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. LYSANDER CUTLER. 7th Indiana, Col. Ira G. Grover. 76th New York: Maj. Andrew J. Grover. Capt. John E. Cook. 84th New York (14th Militia), Col. Ed- ward B. Fowler. 95th New York: Col. George H. Biddle. Maj. Edward Pye. 147th New York: Lieut. Col. Francis C. Miller. Maj. George Harney. 56th Pennsylvania (mne companies), Col. J. William Hofmann. * Not engaged ~ See artillery brigades attached to army corps and the reserve. ~ Not engaged. With exception of the regular battalion, it was, July 1, and while at Beaver Dam Creek, Md., ordered to Washington, D. C., where it arrived July 3. Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds, of this corps, was killed July 1, while in command of the left wing of the army; General Doubleday commanded the corps July 1, and General Newton, who was assigned to that command on the 1st, superseded him July 2 Page 156 N. C., VA., W. VA., MI~., PA., ETC. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN C. ROBINSON. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. GABRIEL R. PAUL. Col. SAMUEL H. LEONARD. Col. ADRIAN R. RooT. CoL RICHARD COULTER. Col. PETER LYLE. CoL RICHARD COULTER. 16th Maine: Col. Charles W. Tilden. Maj. Archibald D. Leavitt. 13th Massachusetts: Col. Samuel H. Leonard. Lieut. Col. N. Walter Batchel- der. 94th New York: CoL Adrian R. Root. Maj. Samuel A. Moffett. 104th New York, Col. Gilbe,~t G. Prep 107th Pennsylvania: Lieut. Col. James MacThomson. Capt. Emaiiu~lV. Roath. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY BAXTER. 12th Massachusetts: Col. James L. Bates. Lieut. Col. David Allen, jr. 83d New York (9th Militia), Lieut. Col. Joseph A. Moesch. 97th New York: Col. Charles Wheelock. Maj. Charles Northrup. 11th Pennsylvania:* CoL Richard Coulter. Capt. Benjamin F. Haines. Capt. John B. Overmyer. 88th Pennsylvania: Maj. Benezet F. Foust. Capt. Henry Whiteside. 90th Pennsylvania: Col. Peter Lyle. Maj. Alfred J. Sellers. Col. Peter Lyle. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. THOMAS A. ROWLEY. Maj. Gen. ABNER DOUBLEDAY. First Brigade. CoL CHAPMAN BIDDLE. Brig. Gen. THOMAS A. ROWLEY. Cal. CHAPMAN BIDDLE. 80th New York (20th Militia). Col. Theo- dore B. Gates. 121st Pennsylvania: Maj. Alexander Biddle. Col. Chapman Biddle. Maj. Alexander Biddle. 142d Pennsylvania: Col. Robert P. Cummins. Lieut. Col. A. B. McCalmont. 151st Pennsylvania: Lieut. Col. George F. McFarland. Capt. Walter L. Owens. Col. Harrison Allen. Second Brigade. Col. ROY STONE. CoL LANGHORNE WISTER. Col. EDMUND L. DANA. 143d Pennsylvania: Col. Edmund L. Dana. Lieut. Col. John D. Musser. 149th Pennsylvania: Lieut. Col. Walton~ Dwight Capt. James Glenn. 150th Pennsylvania: Col. Langhorne Wister. Lieut. Col. H. S. Huidekoper. Capt. Cornelius C. Widdis. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE J. STANNARD. Col. FRANCIS V. RANDALL. 12th Vermont,t Col. Asa P. Blunt. 13th Vermont: Col. Francis V. Randall, Maj. Joseph J. Boynton. Lieut. Col. William D. Mnnson. 14th Vermont, Col. William T. Nichols. 15th Vermont,f Col. Redfield Proctor. 16th Vermont, Col. Wheelock G. Veazey. * Transferred, in afternoon of July 1, to the First Brigade. t Guarding trains, and not engaged in the battle. 156 tOHAP. XXXIX Page 157 Ca~P. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Col. CHARLES S. WAIMVRIGHT. Maine Light, 2d Battery (B), Capt. James A. Hall. Maine Light, 5th Battery (E): Capt. Greenleaf T. Stevens. Lient. Edward N. Whittier. 1st New York Light, Battery L :* Capt. Gilbert H. Reynolds. Lieut. George Breck. 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery B, Capt. James H. Cooper. 4th United States, Battery B, Lieut. James Stewart. SECOND ARMY CORPS.t Maj. Gen. WINFIELD S. HANcOCK. Brig. Gen. JOHN GIBBON. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. 6th New York Cavalry, Companies D and K, Capt. Riley Johnson. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN C. CALDWELL. First Brigade. Col. EDWARD E. CROSS. Col. H. BOYD McKEEN. 5th New Hampshire,Lieut. Col. Charles E. Hapgood. 61st New York, Lieut. Col. K. Oscar Broady. 81st Pennsylvania: Cob H. Boyd McKeen. Lieut. Col. Amos Stroh. 148th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Robert McFarlane. Second Brigade, Col. PATRICK KELLY. 28th Massachusetts, Col. R. Byrnes. 63d New York (two companies): Lieut.Col. Richard C. Bentley. Capt. Thomas Touhy. 69th New York (two companies): Capt. Richard Moroney. Lieut. James J. Smith. 88th New York (two companies), Capt. Denis F. Burke. 116th Pennsylvania (four companies), Maj. St. Clair A. Mulholland. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL K. ZooK. Lieut. Col. JOHN FRASER. 52d New York: Lieut. Cob C. G. Freudenberg. Capt. William Scherrer. 57th New York, Lieut. Col. Alford B. Chapman. 66th New York: Co]. Orlando H. Morris. Lieut. Col. John S. Hammell. Maj. Peter Nelson. 140th Pennsylvania: Col. Richard P. Roberts. Lieut. Col. John Fraser. Fourth Brigade. Col. JOHN R. BROOKE. 27th Connecticut (two companies): Lieut. Col. Henry C. Merwin. Maj. James H. Coburn. 2d Delaware: Col. William P. Baily. Capt. Charles H. Christman. 64th New York: Col. Daniel G. Bingham. Maj. Leman W. Bradley. 53d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Richards McMichael. 145th Pennsylvania (seven companies): Col. Hiram L. Brown. Capt. John W. Reynolds. Capt. Moses W. Oliver. ~ Battery E, 1st New York Light Artillery, attached. ~ After the death of General Reynolds, General Hancock was assigned to the com- mand of all the troops on the field of battle, relieving General Howard, who had suc- ceeded General Reynolds. General Gibbon, of the Second Division, assumed corn- mand of the corps. These assignments terminated on the evening of July 1. Similar changes in ~commanders occurred during the ba~ttle of the 2d, when General Han- cock was put in command of the Third Corps, in addition to that of his own. He was wounded on the 3d, and Brig. Gen. William Hays was assigned to the com- mand of the corps. 15 Page 158 158 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN GIBBON, Brig. Gen. WIu~IAM HARROW. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM HARROW. Cob FRANCIS B. HEATH. 19th Maine: Cob Francis E. Heath. Lieut. Col. Henry W. ham. 15th Massachusetts: Col. George H. Ward. Lieut. Col. George C. Joslin. 1st Minnesota * Col. William Colvill, jr; Capt. Nathan S. Messick. Capt. Henry C. Coates. 82d New York (2d Militia): Lieut. Cob James Huston. Capt. John Darrow. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ALEXANDER S. WEBB. 69th Pennsylvania: Cob Dennis OKane. Capt. William Davis. ~st Pennsylvania, Cob Richard Penn Smith. 72d Penndylvania: Col. De Witt C. Baxter. Lieut. Cob Theodore Hesser. Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. William 106th L. Curry. First Brigade. CoL SAMUEL S. CARROLL. 14th Indiana, Col. John Coons. 4th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Leonard W. Car- penter. 8th Ohio, Lieut. Cob Franklin Sawyer. 7th West Virginia, Lieut. Col. Jonathan H. Lockwood. Cunning- Third Brigade. Col. NORMAN J. HALL. 19th Macsachusetts, Col. Arthur F. Dev ereux. 20th Massachusetts: Col. Paul J. Revere. Lieut. Col. George N. Macy. Capt. Henry L. Abbott. 7th Michigan: Lieut. Col. Amos E. Steele, Jr. Maj. Sylyanus W. Curtis. 42d New York, Col. James E. Mallon. 59th New York (four companies): Lieut. Col. Max A. Thoman. Capt. William McFadden. Unattached. Massachusetts Sharpshooters, 1st Com pany: Capt. William Plumer. Lieut. Emerson L. Bicknelb THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALEXANDER HAYS. Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS A. SMYTH. Lieut. Col. FRANCIS E. PIERCE. ~14th Connecticut, Maj. Theodore G. Ellis. v 1st Delaware: Lieut. Col. Edward P. Harris. Capt. Thomas B. Hizar. Lieut. William Smith. Lieut. John T. Dent. 12th New Jersey, Maj. John T. Hill. 10th New York (battalion), Maj. George F. Hopper. ~.108th New,York, Lieut. Col. Francis E. Pierce. *2d Cbmpany Minnesota Sharpshooters attached. [CHAP. XXXIX Page 159 THE GE~LTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. Third Brigade. Col. GEORGE L. WILLARD. Col. ELIAKIM SHERRILL. Lieut. Col. JAMES M. BULL. 39th New York (four companies), Maj. Huga Hildebrandt. 111th New York: Col. Clinton D. MacDougall. Lieut. Col. Isaac M. Lusk. Capt. Aaron P. Seeley. 125th New York, Lieut. Col. Levin Crandell. 126th New York: Col. Eliakim Sherrilb Lieut. Cob James M. Bull. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Capt. JOHN G. HAZARD. 1st New York Light, Battery B: * Lieut. Albert S. Sheldon. Capt. James McKay Rorty. Lieut. Robert E. Rogers. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A, Capt. William A. Arnold. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B: Lieut. T. Fred. Brown. Lieut. Walter S. Perrin. 1st United States, Battery I: Lieut. George A. Woodruff. Lieut. Tully McCrea. 4th United States, Battery A: Lieut. Alonzo H. Cushing. Sergt. Frederick Fuger. THIRD ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. DANIEL E. SICKLES. Maj. Gen. DAvID B. BIRNEY. FIRST DIVISION. Maj. Gen. DAVID B. BIRNEY. Brig. Gen. J. H. HOBART WARD. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. CHARLES K. GRAHAM. Col. ANDREW H. TIPPIN. 57th Pennsylvania (eight companies): Cob Peter Sides. Capt. Alanson H. Nelson. 63d Pennsylvania, Maj. John A. Danks. - 68th Pennsylvania: Col. Andrew H. Tippin. Capt. Milton S. Davis.[?] 105th Pennsylvania, CoL Calvin A. Craig. 114th Pennsylvania: Lieut. Cob Frederick F. Cavada. Capt. Edward R. Bowen. 141st Pennsylvania, Cob HenryJ. Madill. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. J. H. HOBART WARD. Col. HIRAM BERDAN. 20th Indiana: Col. John Wheeler. Lieut. Col. William C. L. Taylor. 3d Maine, Col. Moses B. Lakeman. 4th Maine: Col. Elijah Walker. Capt. Edwin Libby. 86th New York, Lieut. Cob Benjamin L. Higgins. 124th New York: Col. A. Van Home Ellis. Lieut. Col. Francis M. Cummins. I 99th Pennsylvania, Maj. John W. oore. 1st United States Sharpshooters: Col. Hiram Berd~n. 2d United States Sharpshooters (eight Cob Casper Trepp. companies), Maj. Homer R. * Transferred from Artillery Reserve, July 1; 14th New York Battery attached. CHAP. XXXIX.I 15 Page 160 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. Third Brigade. CoL P. REGIS DE TROBRIAND. 17th Maine, Lieut. Col. Charles B. Merrill. 3d Michigan: Col. Byron R. Pierce. Lieut. Col. Edwin S. Pierce. 5th Michigan, Lieut. Col. John Pulford. 40th New York, Col. Thomas W. Egan. 110th Pennsylvania (six companies): Lieut. Col. David M. Jones. Maj. Isaac Rogers. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ANDREW A. HUMPEREYS. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH B. CARR. 1st Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Clark B. Baldwin. 11th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Porter D. Tripp. 16th Massachusetts: Lieut. Col. Waldo Merriam. Capt. Matthew Donovan. 12th New Hampshire, Capt. John F. Langley. tlth New Jersey: Col. Robert McAllister. Capt. Luther Martin. Lieut. John Schoonover. Capt. William H. Lloyd. Capt. Samuel T. Sleeper. Lieut. John Schoonover. 26th Pennsylvania, Maj. Robert L. Bo- dinep 84th Pennsylvania,* Lieut. Col. Milton opp. Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM R. BREWSTER. 7Qth New York, Col. J. Egbert Farnum. 71st New York, Col. Henry L. Potter. 7~d New York: Col. John S. Austin. Lieut. Col. John Leonard. 73d New York, Maj. Michael W. Burns. 74th New York, Lieut. Col. Thomas Holt. 120th New York: Lieut. Col. Cornelius D. West- brook. ~Maj. John R. Tappen. Third Brigade. Col. GEORGE C. BURLING. ~2d New Hampshire, CoL Edward L. Bailey. 5th New Jersey: - Col. William J. Sewell. Capt. Thomas C. Godfrey. Capt. Henry H. Woolsey. 6th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Stephen R. Gilkyson. 7th New Jersey: Col. Louis R. Francine. Maj. Frederick Cooper. 8th New Jersey: Col. John Ramsey. Capt. John G. Langston. 115th Pennsylvania, Maj. John P. Dunne. * Guarding corps trains, and not engaged in the battle. 160 [Ciiip. XXXIX Page 161 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 1~1 ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Capt. GEORGE E. RANDOLP~I. Capt. A. JUDSON CLARK. New.Jersey Light, 2d Battery: Capt. A. Judson Clark. Lieut. Robert Sims. 1st New York Light, Battery D, Capt. George B. Winslow. New York Light, 4th Battery, Capt. James E. Smith. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E~ Lieut. John K. Bucklyn. Lieut. Benjamin Freeborn. 4th United States, Battery K: Lieut. Francis W. Seeley. Lieut. Robert James. FIFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. GEORGE SYKES. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. 12th New York Infantry, Companies D and E, Capt. Henry W. Rider. 17th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Companies D and H, Capt. William Thompson. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES BARNES. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM S. TILTON. Col. JACOB B. SWEITZER. 18th Massachusetts, Col. Joseph Hayes. 9th Massachusetts, Col. Patrick R. 22d Massachusetts,~ Lieut. Col. Thomas Guiney. Sherwin, jr. 82d Massachusetts, Col. G. L. Prescott. 1st Michigan: 4th Michigan: Col. Ira C. Abbott. Col. Harrison H. Jeffords. Lieut. Col. William A. Throop. Lieut. Col. George W. Lumbard. 118th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. James 62d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. James C. Gwyn. Hull. Third Brigade. Col. STRONG VINCENT~ Col. JAMES C. RICE. 120th Maine, Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain. 16th Michigan, Lieut. Col. Norval E. Welch. 44th New York: Col. James C. Rice. Lient. Col. Freeman Conner. 83d Rennsylv~nia, Capt. Orpheus S. Woodward. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ROMEYN B. AYRES. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. HANNIBAL DAY. - Col. SIDNEY BURBANK. 3d United States (six companies): 2 Capt. henry W. Freedley. fi United States (six companies): Capt. Richard G. Lay. Maj. Arthur T. Lee. Capt. Samuel A. McKee. 4th United States (four companies), 7th United States (four companies), Capt. Julius W. Adams, jr. Capt. David P. Hancock. 6th United States (five companies), 10th United States (three companies), Capt. Levi C. Bootes. Capt. William Clinton. 12th United States (eight companies) 11th United St~ tes (six companies), Maj. Capt. Thomas S. Dunn. Dc Lancey Floyd-Jones. 14th United States (eight Companies), 17th United States (seven companies), Maj. Grotius R. Giddings. Lient. Col. J. Durell Greene. 11 R RVOL XXVII, PT Page 162 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. STEPHEN H. WEED. Col. KENNER GARRARD. 140th New York: Col. Patrick H. ORorke. Lieut. Col. Louis Ernst. 146th New York: Col. Kenner Garrard. Lieut. Col. David T. Jenkins. 91st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Sinex. 155th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John H. Cain. THIRD DIVISION.* Brig. Gen. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM MOCANDLESS. 1st Peiinsylvania Reserves (nine compa- nies), Col. William C. Talley. 2d Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. George A. Woodward. 6th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. Wellington H. Ent. 13th Pennsylvania Reserves: Col. Charles F. Taylor. Maj. William R. Hartshorne. Third Brigade. Col. JOSEPH W. FISHER. 5th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. George Dare. 9th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. James McK. Snodgrass. 10th Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. Adoni- ram J. Warner. 11th Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. Samuel M. Jackson. 12th Pennsylvania Reserves (nine com- panies), CoL Martin D. Hardin. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Capt. AUGUSTUS P. MARTIN. Massachusetts Light, 3d Battery (C), Lieut. Aaron F. Walcott. 1st New York Light, Battcry C, Capt. Almont Barnes. 1st Ohio Li~ht, Battery L, Capt. Frank C. Gibbs. 5th United States, Battery D: Lieut. Charles B. Hazlett. Lieut. Benjamin F. Rittenhouse. 5th United States, Battery I: Lieut. Malbone F. Watson. Lieut. Charles C. MacConnell. SIXTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN SEDGWICK. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. 1st New Jersey Cavalry, Company L, Capt. William S. Craft. i~.st Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company H, S FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. HORATIO G. WRIGHT. Provost Guard. 4th New Jersey (three companies), Capt. William R. Maxwell. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. A. T. A. TORBERT. 1st New Jersey, Lieut. Col. William Henry, jr. 2d New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Charles Wiebecke. 3d New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Edward L. Campbell. 15th New Jersey, Col. William H. Pen- rose. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH J. BARTLETT.I 5th Maine, Col. Clark S. Edwards. 121st New York, Col. Emory Upton. 95th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Edward Carroll. 96th Pennsylvania, Maj. William H. Lessig. *Jojn~d corps June 28. The Second Brigade left in the Department of Washington, t Aho in ~ornrn~nd qf the Third I3ri ~de, r~l1i~ D~Yi~iQIJ1 OIl Jwly ~, 162 [Ca& r. XXXIX Page 163 CHAP. XXXI~3 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. DAVID A. RUSSELL. 6th Maine, Col. Hiram Burnham. 49th Pennsylvania (four coiripanies), Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Hulings. 119th Pennsylvania, Col. Peter C. Elimaker. 5th Wisconsin, Col. Thomas S. Allen. SECOND DIVISION.* Brig. Gen. ALBION P. HOWE. Second Brigade. Col. LEWIS A. GRANT. 2d Vermont, Col. James H. Walbridge. 3d Vermont, Col. Thomas 0. Seaver. 4th Vermont, Col. Charles B. Stoughton. 5th Vermont, Lieut. Col. John R. Lewis. 6th Vermont, Col. Elisha L. Barney. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. NEILL. 7th Maine (six companies), Lieut. Col. Selden Connor. 33d New York (detachment), Capt. Henry J. Gifford. 43d New York, Lient. Col. Joh~i Wilson. 49th New York, Col. Daniel D. Bidwell. 7 ~th New York, Lient. Col. Winsor B. French. 61st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. George F. Smith. THIRD DIVISION. Maj. Gen. JOHN NEWTON.t Brig. Gen. FRANK WHEATON. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ALEXANDER SHALER. 65th New York, Col. Joseph E. Hanib lin. 67th New York, Col. ~Nelson Cross. 122d New York, Col. Silas Titus. 23d Pennsylvania, Licut. Col. John F. Glenn. 52d Pennsylvania, Col. Isaac C. Bassett. Second Brigade. Col. HENRY L. EuSTls. 7th Massachusetts, Liout. Col. Franklin P. Harlow. 10th Massachusetts, Lient. Col. Joseph B. 37th Parsons. Massachusetts, Col. Oliver Edwards. 2d Rhode Island, Col. Horatio Rogers, jr. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. FRANK WHEATON. Col. DAVID J. NEVIN. 62d New York: Col. David J. NeVin. Lient. Col. Theodore B. hamilton. 93d Pennsylvania, Maj. John I. Nevin. 98th Pennsylvania, Maj. John B. Kohier. 102d Pennsylvania4 Col. John W. Patterson. 139th Pennsylvania: Col. Frederick H. Collier. Licut. Col. William H. Moody. ARTILLERY nRIGADE. Col. CHARLES II. TOMPKINS. Massachusetts Light, 1st Battery (A), Capt. William II. McCartney. New York Light, 1st Battery, Capt. Andrew Cowan. New York Light, 3d Battery, Capt. William A. Ham. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C, Capt. Richard Waternian. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G, Capt. George W. Adams. 2d United States, Battery D, Licut. Edward B. Williston 2d United States, Battery G, Lient. John H. Butler. 5th United States, Battery F, Lieut. Leonard Martin. 163 * Nc~ First Brigade in division. ~ See foot note (), p. 155. ~Gu~r1ing wagon train at Westminster, and not engaged in tile ~l9 Page 164 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CuSP. XXXIX. ELEVENTH ARMY CORPS.* Maj. Gen. OLThTER 0. HOWARD. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. .1st Indiana Cavalry, Companies I and K, Capt. Abram Sharra. 8th New York Infantry (one company), Lieut. Hermann Foerster. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. FRANCIS C. BARLOW. Brig. Gen. ADELBERT AMES. First Brigade. Col. LEOPOLD VON GILSA. .41st New York (nine companies), Lieut. Col. Detleo von Einsiedel. 54th New York: ]~Laj. Stephen Kovacs. Lieut. Ernst Both [?1. 68th New York, Col; Gotthilf Bourry. 153d Pennsylvania, Maj. John F. Frue- auff. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ADELBERT AMES. Col. ANDREW L. HARRIS. 17th Connecticut: Lieut. Col. Douglas Fowler. Maj. Allen G. Brady. 25th Ohio: Lieut. Col. Jeremiah Williams. Capt. Nathaniel J. Manning. Lieut. William Maloney. Lieut. Israel White. 75th Ohio: Col. Andrew L. Harris. Capt. George B. Fox. 107th Ohio: Col. Seraphim Meyer. Capt. John M. Lutz. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ADOLPH VON STEINWEHR. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. CHARLES R. COSTER. Col. ORLAND SMITH. 134th New York, Lieut. Col. Allan H. 33d Massachusetts, Col. Adin B. Un Jackson. derwood. 154th New York, Lieut. Col. D. B. Allen. 136th New York, Col. James Wood, jr. 27th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Lorenz 55th Ohio, Col. Charles B. Gambee. Cantador. 73d Ohio, Lieut. Col. Richard Long. 73d Pennsylvania, Capt. D. F. Kelley. THIRD DIVISION. Maj. Gen. CARL ScHuRz. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ALEX. ScHIMMELFENNIG. Col. GEORGE VON AMSBERG. 82d Illinois, Lieut. Col. Edward S. Sal- omon. 45th New York: Col. George von Amsberg. Lieut. Col. Adolphus Dobke. 157th New York, Col. PhilipP. Brown,jr. 61st Ohio, Col. Stephen J. McGroarty. 74th Pennsylvania: CoL Adolph von Hartung. Lieut. Col. Alexander von Mitzel. Capt. Gustav Schleiter. Capt. Henry Krauseneck. Second Brigade. Col. W. KRZYZANOWSKI. 58th New York: Lieut. Col. August Otto. Capt. Emil Koenig. 119th New York: Col. John T. Lockman. Lieut. Col. Edward F. Lloyd. 82d Ohio: Col. James S. Robinson. Lieut. Col. David Thomson. 75th Pennsylvania: Col. Francis Mahler. Maj. August Ledig. 26th Wisconsin: Licut. Col. Hans Boebel. Capt. John W. Fuchs. * During the interval between the death of General Reynolds and the arrival of General Hancock, on the afternoon of July 1~ all the troops on the field of battle were commanded by General Howard, Geiieral Schurz taking command of the Eleveatli Corps, awl General Schimmelfennig of the Third Division. 16 Page 165 CHAP. XXXIX.1 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN~ ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Maj. THOMAS W. OSBORN. 4st New York Light, Battery I, Capt. Michael Wiedrich. New York Light, 18th Battery, Lieut. William Wheeler. 1st Ohio Light, Battery I, Capt. Hubert Dilger. 1st Ohio Light, Battery K, Capt. Lewis Heckman. 4th United States, Battery G: Lieut. Bayard Wilkeson. Lieut. Eugene A. Bancroft. - TWELFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. HENRY W. SLocuM.* Brig. Gen. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS. PROVOST GUARD. 10th Maine (four companies), Capt John D. Beardsley. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. RUGER. First Brigade. Second Brigade.I Col. ARCHIBALD L. MCDOUGALL. 5th Connecticut, Col. W. W. Packer 20th Connecticut, Lieut. Col. William B. Wooster. 3d Maryland, Col. Jos. M. Sudsbur6. 123d New York: Licut. Col. James C. Rogers. Capt. Adolphus H. Tanner. 145th New York, Col. B. L. Price. 46th Pennsylvania, Col. James L. Sel- fridg~. 165 Brig. Gen. HENRY H. LOcKwOOD, 1s~ Maryland, Potomac Home }~ri- gade, Col. William P. Maulsby. 1st Marylaad, Eastern Shore, ()oL James Wallace. 150th New York, Col. John H. Ketcham. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. RuGEu. Col. SILAS COLGROVE. 27th Indiana: Col. Silas Col~rove. Lieut. Col. John R. Fesler. 2d Massachusetts: Lieut. Col. Charles R. Mudge. Maj. Charles F. Morse. 13th New Jersey, Col. Ezra A. Carman. 107th New York, Col. Nirom M. Crane. 3d Wisconsin, Col. William Hawley. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. GEARY. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. CHARLES CANDY. Col. GEORGE A. COBRAM, Jr. SthOhio, Col. John H. Patrick. Brig. GEN. THOMAS L. KANE. 7th Ohio, Col. William H. Creighton. Col. GEORGE A. COBRAM, Jr. 29th Ohio: Capt. Wilbur F. Steven 29th Pennsylvania, Col. William Rick- Capt. Edward Hayes. 109th Jr. Pennsylvania, Capt. F. L. Gimber. 66th Ohio, Licut. C~l. Eugene Powell. 111th Pennsylvania: 28th Pennsylvania, Capt. John Flynn. Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Walker. 147th Pennsylvania (eight companies), I Col. George A. Cobham, Jr. Lieut. Col. Ario Thrdee,_jr. Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Walker. * Ei~ercised command of the ri~ht wine of the army during a part of the battle. But see Slocum to Meade, December 30, 1863, p. 763, and Meade to Slocum, Febru- ary 25. 1864. p. 769. 1 Unassigned during progress of battle; afterward attached to First Division, as Second Brigade. The command theretofore known as the Second (or Jacksons) Brigade had previously been consolidated with the First Brigade Page 166 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE S. GREENE. 60th New York, Col. Abel Godard. 78th New York, Lieut. Col. Herbert von Hammerstein. 102d New York: Col. James C. Lane. Capt. Lewis R. Stegman. 137th New York, Col. David Ireland. 149th New York: Col. Henry A. Barnum. Lieut. Col. Charles B. Randall. ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Lient. EDWARD D. MUHLENBERG. 1st New York Light, Battery M, Lieut. Charles E. Winegar. Pennsylvania Light, Battery E, Lieut. Charles A. Atwell. 4th United States, Battery F, Lieut. Sylvanus T. Rugg. 5th United States, Battery K, Lieut. David H. Kiuzie. CAVALRY CORPS. Maj. Gen. ALFRED PLEASONTON. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOIIN BUFORD. First Brigade. f Second Brigade. Col. WILLIAM GAMBLE. Col. THOMAS C. DEVIN. 8th Illinois, Maj. John L. Beveridge. 6th New York, Maj. Win. E. Beardsley. 12th Illinois (four co3.), Col. George H. 9th New York, Col. William Sackett. 3d Indiana (six cos.), Chapman. 17th Pennsylvania, Col. J. H. Kellogg. 8th Nexv York, Lieut. Col. William L. 3d West Virginia (two comp an i e Markell. Capt. Seymour B. Conger. Reserve Brigade. Brig. Gen. WESLEY MERRITT. 6th Pennsylvania, Maj. James H. Ilaseltine. 1st United States, Capt. Riebard S. C. Lord. 2d United States, Capt. T. F. Rodenbough. 5th United States, Capt. Julius W. Mason. 6th United States: Maj. Samuel H. Starr. Lieut. Louis H. Carpenter. Lient. Nicholas Nolan. Capt. Ira W. Claflin. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID McM. GREGG. Headquarters Guard. 1st Ohio, Company A, Capt. Noah Jones. First Brigade. Col. JOHN B. MCINTOSH. 1st Maryland (eleven companies), Lient. Col. James M. Deems. Purnell (Maryland) Legion, Company A, Capt. Robert E. Duvall. 1st Massaehusetts,* Lient. Col. Greely S. Curtis. 1st New Jersey, Maj. M. H. Beaumont. 1st Pennsylvania, Col. John P. Taylor. 3d Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. E. S. Jones. 3d Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, Sec- tion Battery H,t Capt. W. D. Rank. Second Brigade.~ Col. PENNOCK HuEY. 2d New York, Lient. Col. Otto Harhaus. 4th New York, Lient. Col. Augustus Pruyn. 6th Ohio (ten companies), Maj. William Stedman. 8th Pennsylvania, Capt. William A. Cor rme. 166 *5~j~i~~ with the Sixth Army Corps, and on the right flank. ~Serving as light artillery. ~At Westminster, ete., and not engaged in the battle Page 167 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 16~ Third Brigade. Col. J. IRVIN GREGG. 1st Maine (ten companies), Lieut. Col. Charles H. Smith. 10th New York, Maj. M. Henry Avery. 4th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. William E. Doster. 16th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John K. Robison. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JUDSON KILPATRICK. Headquarters Guard. 1st Ohio, Company C, Capt. Samuel N. Stanford. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ELON J. FARNSWORTH. Brig. Gen. GEORGE A. CUSTER. Col. NATHANIEL P. RICHMOND. 1st Michigan, Col. Charles H. Town. 5th New York, Maj. John Hammond. 5th Michigan, Col. Russell A. Alger. 18th Pennsylvania, Lient. Col. William 0th Michigan, Col. George Gray. P. Brinton. 7th Michi~an (ten companies), Col. Will- 1st Vermont, Lieut. Col. Addison W. iam D. Mann. Preston. 1st West Virginia (ten companies): Col. Nathaniel P. Richmond. Maj. Charles E. Capehart. hORSE ARTILLERY. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Capt. JAMES M. ROBERTSON. Capt. JOHN C. TIDBALL. 9Lh Michigan Battery, Capt. Jabez J. 1st United States, Batteries E and G, Daniels. Capt. Alanson M. Randol. 6th New York Battery, Capt. Joseph W. 1st United States, Battery K, Capt. Martin. William M. Graham. 2d United States, Batteries B and L, 2d United States, Battery A, Lieut. Lient. Edward Heaton. John H. Calef. 2d United States, Battery M, Lieut. A. 3d United States, Battery C, Lient. C. M. Pennington, jr. William D. Fuller.* 4th United States, Battery E, Lient. Samuel S. Elder. ARTILLERY RESERVE. Brig. Gen. ROBERT 0. TYLER. Capt. JAMES M. ROBERTSON. Headquarters Guard. 32d Massachusetts Infantry, Company C, Capt. Josiah C. Fuller. First Regular Brigade. First Volunteer Brigade. Capt. DUNBAR R. RANSOM. Licut. Col. FREEMAN MOGILVERY. 1st United States, Battery H: Massachusetts Light, 5t~h Battery (E),t Lient. Chandler P. Eakin. Capt. Charles A. Phillips. Lieut. Philip D. Mason. Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery: 3d United States, Batteries F and K, Capt. John Bigelow. Lient. John G. Turnbull. Lient. Richard S. Milton. 4th United States; Battery C, Lient. Evan New York Light, 15th Battery, Capt. Thomas. Patrick Hart. 5th United States, Battery C, Lieut. Gu- PennsylvaBia Light, Batteries C and F, han V. Weir. Capt. James Thompson. * With Hueys Cavalry Brigade, and not engaged in the battle, t 10th New York Battery attached Page 168 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. Second Volunteer Brigade. Capt. ELIJAH D. TAFT. 1st Connecticut Heavy, Battery B,* Capt. Albert F. Brooker. 1st Connecticut Heavy, Battery M,* Capt. Franklin A. Pratt. Connecticut Light, 2d Battery, Capt. John W. Sterling. New York Light, 5th Elijah D. Taft. Battery, Capt. Third Volunteer Brigade. Capt. JAMES F. HUNTINGTON. New Hampshire Light, 1st Battery, Capt. Frederick M. Edgell. 1st Ohio Light, Battery H, Lient. George W. Norton. 1st Pennsylvania Light, Batteries F and G, Capt. R. Bruce Ricketts. West Virginia Light, Battery C, Capt. Wallace Hill. Fourth Volunteer Brigade. Capt. ROBERT H. FITZHUGH. Maine Light, 6th Battery (F), Lieut. Edwin B. Dow. Maryland Light, Battery A, Capt. James H. Rigby. New Jersey Light, 1st Battery, Lieut. Augustin N. Parsons. 1st New York Light, Battery G, Capt. Nelson Ames. 1st New York Light, Battery K,t Capt. Robert H. Fitzhugh. Train Guard. 4th New Jersey Infantry (seven companies), Maj. Charles Ewing. No. 10. Return of Casualties in the Union forces at Brandy Station (Fleet wood), Beverly Ford, and Stevensburg, Va., June 9, 1863. [Compiled from udminal list of casualties, returns, & c.] Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. H H ~ ~ ,~1 u ~i u 5 ~ H . I) 15 H +~ u .5 ~ H H ~ CAVALRY CORPS. Brig. Gen. ALFRED PLEA5ONTON. FIR5T DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN Buroan4 $taff First Brigade. Col. BENJAMIN F. DAVIS. 8th Illinois 3d Indiana 8th New York 2d U. S. Artillery, Batteries B and L Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS C. DEVIN. 6th New York 9th New York 17th Pennsylvania 3d West Virginia Total Second Brigade Total First Division 1 1 4 42 8 50 1 1 22 24 3 9 2 29 7 50 3 3 3 ii 7 96 10 127. 1 3 4 2 13 1 16 1 2 3 3 3 4 21 1 26 3 1~ 11 117 1 11 154 *Not engaged. ~ 11th New York Battery attached. ~ Had command of the right wing, consisting of the First Cavalry Division and the Cavalry Reserve Brigade, and a brigade of infantry under Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames. 168 [CHAP. XXXIX Page 169 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 169 Return c~f Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a a a Command. S S a a S ~ .3 ~I n ~ S 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ~1 RESERVE BRIGADE. Maj. CHARLES J. WHITING. 6th Pensylvania 1st United States 2d United States 5th United States 6th United States 4th U. S. Artillery, Battery E Total Reserve Brigade SECOND DIVISION.* Col. ALFRED N. DUFFI~. First Brigade. Col. Louis P. ni CESNOLA. 1st Massachusetts 6th Ohio 1st Rhode Island Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. J. IRVIN GREGG. 3d . Pennsylvania 4th Pennsylvania 16th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Artillery. 2d United States, Battery II Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID McM. GREGG.t Staff First Brigade. CoL JunsoN KILPATRICK. 1st Maine 2d New York 10th New York Ortons Company District ot Columbia Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. PERCY WYNDRAR. 1st Maryland 1st New Jersey 1st Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade 1 1 1. 4 1 10 6 7 2 4 2 23 25 15 25 3 75 ~23 15 30 108 2 66 38 66 3 28 9 89 8 143 280 2 9 5 16 2 1 3 2 3 5 4 11 9 24 1 4 5 I 4 5 4 12 13 29 1 1 10 25 35 4 1 13 21 39 1 2 3 15 1 60 82 1 6 4 38 1 106 156 1 5 3 10 2 42 63 2 5 4 17 24 52 5 3 15 12 35 3 15 10 42 2 78 150 * The losses of this division occurred in skirmish at Stevensburg. ~ Had command of the left wing, consisting of the Second and Third Cavalry Divisions, and a brigade of infantry under Brig. Gem David A. Russell. CHAP. XXXIX. Page 170 K. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [OMAP. XXXIX. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. Captured or Killed. Wounded. missing. H Command. S S S ~ u nt ~ H . ~ .3 ~ IS S IS ~S IS ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 r~i 1 Artillery. New York Light, 6th Battery 8 13 21 Total Third Division 4 21 14: 88 4 197 328 ATTACHED TROOPS.5 Bri,,. Gnu. ADELBERT AMES. 2d Massachusetts 1 3 2 6 33d Massachusetts S6thNew York 2 24 26 124th New York 2 1 11 14 3d Wisconsin 1 14 15 1st U. S. Artillery, Battery K 2 2 Total 6 1 57 2 66 ATTACHED TEOOPS.t Brig. Gen. DAVID A. RUSSELL. 2d Wisconsin 7th Wisconsin 56th Pennsylvania I 5 3 9 Total 1 5 ,. 3 Grand total 10 it 35 368 13 369 866 9 OFFICERS KILLED. MARYLAND. Capt. Francis M. Kreager, 1st Cavalry. NEW JERSEY. Lieut. Col. Virgil Brodrick, 1st Cavalry. Maj. John H. Shelmire, 1st Cavalry. NEW YORK. Col. Benjamin F. Davis, 8th Cavalry. Lieut. Henry C. Cutler, 8th Cavalry. Capt. Benjamin F. Foote, 8th Cavalry. Lieut. William J. Robb, 10th Cavalry. PENNSYLVANIA. Capt. Charles B. Davis, 6th Cavalry. UNITED STATES ARMY. Capt. Charles W. Canfield, 2d Cavalry. Lieut. Isaac M. Ward, 6th Cavalry. OFFICERS MORTALLY WOUNDED. ILLINOIS. Maj. Aipheus Clark, 8th Cavalry. I Capt. John G. Smith, 8th Cavalry. NEW YORK. Lieut. William W. Phillips, 6th Cavalry. Lient. James E. Reeves, 8th Cavalry. Lieut. Benjamin C. Efner, 8th Cavalry. Lient. John B. King, 10th Cavalry. t With left wing. * With right wing. 17 Page 171 TUE GETTYSI3URG CAMPAIGN. 1~i71 No. 11. Return of Casualties in the Union forces at Aldie, Va., June 17, 1863. [Compiled from nominal list of casualties, returns, & c.] Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. ~ .~ iS ~ a ~ a ~ a ~ a ~ +~ a l~ is 0 ~ 0 [~1 0 r~ ~ 1st Maine Cavalry 2 4 19 4 29 1st Massachusetts Cavalry 20 4 53 4 86 157 2d New York Cavalry 2 14 3 16 15 50 4th New York Cavalry 5 22 2 13 42 6th Ohio Cavalry 3 2 12 47 Total 4 46 9 12~2 6 118 305 Limit. Calvin S. Donty, 1st Cavalry. Lient. A. F. Martenson, 2d Cavalry. OFFICERS KILLED. MAINE. I Capt. George J. Summat, 1st Cavalry. NEW YORK. I Lient. Daniel Whittaker, 2d Cavalry. OFFICERS MORTALLY WOUNDED. OHIO. Maj. Benjamin C. Stanhope, 6th Cavalry. No. 12. Return of Gasualties in the Union forces at Upperville, Va., June 21, 1863. [Compiled from nominal list of casualties, returns, & c.] Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. a a a S S S .~ ~ .~ ~ iS a ~ ~ .5 ~ is 0 ~ 0 r~ 0 ~ ~ CAVALRY CORPS. Brig. Gen. ALFRED PLEASONTON. FIRsT nivisioN. Brig. Gen. JoHN IluFoan. First Rrigade. Col. WILLIAM GAMBLE. 8th Illinois 12th Illinois 3d Indiana 8th New York 0 2 17 13 4 Total First Brigade 4 34 5 44 CHAP. XXXIX.] 19 20 Page 172 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETO. EOHAP. xXXt~ Return of Casualties in the Union forces at Upperville, Va. & e.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a a a Command. S S ~ a ,i a 53 a cS ~ a ,~ a bO 0 .3 u .3 a ~ ~ 5 ~ 5 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 [4 Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS C. DEVIN. 6th New York 9th New York 17th Pennsylvania 3d West Virginia Total Second Brigade ___ Reserve Brigade. Maj. SAMUEL H. STARR. 6th Pennsylvania 1st United States 2d United States 5th United States 6th United States Total Reserve Brigade ___ Artillery. 1st United States, Battery K ____ Total First Division ___ 5ECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID MuM. GREGG. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JITD5ON KILPATRICK. 1st Massachusetts 2d New York 4th New York 6th Ohio . ___ Total Second Brigade ___ Third Brigade. Col. J. Iavsn GREGG. 1st Maine 4th Pennsylvania 3d U. S. Artillery, Battery C Total Third Brigade Total Second Division ___ ATTACHED INFANTRY. Col. STRONG VINCENT. 20th Maine 16th Michigan 44th New York 83d Pennsylvania Total Attached Infantry Grand total 1 1 7 8 1 2 11 39 53 1 1 5 3 .9 2 3 16 42 63 6 5 57 47 115 1 1 4.. 1 17 27 1 3 13 7 24 2 ~5 34 1 15 57 1 6 2 9 1 3 2 6 1 1 2 1 9 4 16 ~6 43 119 73 2 7 1 2 I 2 2. 17 21 12 13 117 66 8 9 3 1 209 OFFICERS MORTALLY WOUNDED. ILLINOIS. Lieut. John G. Smith, 8th Cavalry. MICHIGAN. Capt. Judd M. Mott, 16th Infantry. 17 Page 173 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. No. 13. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, commanded by AIaj. Gem. George G. Meade, U. S. Army, at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 13, 1863. * Killed. Wounded. ~~a~t~ed missing. a a a Command. S S S U 4 U a ~, a ~ a a ~ a U .3 ~ .5 ~ o ~ o ~ o r~ ~I4 GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. Staff FIRST ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN F. REYNOLDS.t Maj. Gen. ABNER DOUBLEDAY. Maj. Gen. JOHN N ~WTON. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. Staff 1st Maine Cavalry, Company L FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES S. WADSWORTH. First Brigade. Brig. (len. SOLOMON MEREDITH. Col. WILLIAM W. ROBINSON. Staff 19th Indiana 24th Michigan 2d Wisconsin 6th Wisconsin 7th Wisconsin Total First Brigade Sec,,ud Brigade. Brig. lIen. LYSANDEB CUTLER. 7th Indiana 76th New York 84th New York (14th Militia) ~3th New York 147 h New York 56th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN C. ROBINSON. Staff First Brigade. Brig. (len. GAB IEL H. PAUL. Col. SAMUEL H. LEONARD. Col. ADRIAN H. ROOT. Col. RICHARD COULTER. Col. PETER LYLE. Col. RICHARD COULTER. Staff 16th Maine 13th Massachusetts 94th New York 104th New York 11th Pennsylvania 7 107th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 25 12 121 4 46 210 8 59 13 197 3 83 363 1 25 11 144 5 47 233 2 28 7 109 ...... 22 168 21 10 95 1 51 17t 13 158 54 666 13 249 1,153 2 5 3 10 2 30 16 116 70 234 13 6 99 99 217 7 5 54 1 45 ~15 3 57 9 135 92 1 13 5 56 1 54 130 6 122 44 465 2 363 1,002 19 280 98 1,131 15 612 2,155 1 1 1 1 2 1 5 2 7 5 54 11 153 232 7 4 73 3 98 185 12 6 52 5 167 245 11 10 81 10 82 194 1 2 12... 15 11 5 48 6 92~ 165 2 49 36 321 40 593 1,041 * Also includes losses in skirmishes, July 4. See foot-note () on p. 1~. ~ Transferred, on afternoon of July 1, from the Second to the First Brigade. Its losses after July 1 are reported With the latter brigade. CHAP. XXXIX.] 17 Page 174 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX~ Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. Command. Second Brigctde. Brig. Gen. HENRY BAXTER. Staff 12th Mas chusetts 83d New York (9th Militia) 97th New York 11th Pennsylvania* 88th Pennsylvania 90th Pennsylvania Total Second Bribade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. THOMAS A. ROWLEY. Maj. Gen. ABNER DOUBLEDAY. Staff First Brigade. Col. CHAPMAN BIDDLE. Brig. Gen. THOMAS A. ROWLEY. Col. CHAPMAN BIDuLE. Staff h New York (20th Militia) 121st Pennsylvania ... 142d Pennsylvania 151st Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. ROY STONE. Col. LANOBORNE WISTER. Col. EDMUND L. DANA. 143d Pennsylvania 149th Pennsylvania 150th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE J. STANNARD. Col. FRANCIS V. RANDALl,. Stsff 14th Verniont 16th Vermont Total Third Brigade Total Third Division ARTiLLERY BRIGADE. Col. CHARLES S. WAINWRIGIIT. Maine Light, 2d Battery (B) Maine Light, 5th Battery (E) 1st New York Light, Battery L 1st Pennsylvania Li, ht, Battery B 4th United States, Battery B Total Artllery Brigade Total First Army Corps Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. I. 0 a S 0 2 2 1 7 3 4 10 5 4 33 3 9 6 3 3 31 a 45 15 27 46 52 42 227 U a 0 1 3 3 4 12 S a 12 59 58 75 ($0 47 39 338 13 ci bO 12 H 111 16 11 10 9 82 68 548 52 911 1 I 1 3 32 15 96 1 23 170 12 5 101 1 60 17!) 3 10 11 117 2 ($8 211 2 49 9 202 4 71 337 8 103 41 516 8 222 898 1 1 2 4 20 52 33 105 11 14 10 35 130 158 142 430 4 4 8 91 107 271 253 336 264 851 2 2 10 4 99 10 123 1 18 1 66 21 107 16 5 97 1 119 1 44 12 262 32 351 13 252 89 1,208 16 525 2,103 18 18 3 2 11 7 23 1 1 14 1 17 3 1 8....:) 12 2 2 29 3 3(1 9 6 80 11 106 42 624 62 2.969 83 2,079 6,859 * Transferred, on afternoon of July 1, from the Second to th~ ~irst Bri~ade, ~ts losses after July 1 are reported with the latter brigade. f ~ttery E~ 1st ~ew York IAght ArtilJer~ ~tt~wh~4, 17 Page 175 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGK. Return of .Gasualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. Command. Killed. [5 2 ;~ H n o .3 .5 o r~ Wounded. S B ,~ H -~ o iS ~ S 0 Captured or missing. H S uS H ~ H H 4~ 0 .3 ~ 5 0 r~ Staff 6th New York Cavalry, Companies D and K 3 1 3. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN C. CALDWELL. First Brigade. Col. EDWARD E. CROSS. Col. H. Bovn MOKEEN. Staff 5th New Hampshire:::::: 61st New York 81st Pennsylvania 148th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade 6 S 18 I 4 6 5 6 50 44 95 5 2 55 22 238 13 Second Brigade. Col. PATRICK KELLY. 28th Massachusetts 61.d New York 69th New York 88th New York 116th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. SAMU a K. ZooK. Lieut. Col. JOHN ~RASB Staff 52(1 New York 57th New York 66th New York 140th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. JOHN R. BROOKE. 27th c~onnecticut 2d Delaware- 64th New York 53d Pennsylvania 145th Pennsylvania..... Total Fourth Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. (lIen. JOHN GIBBON. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM HARROW. 8 1 56 35 100 5 1 9 1 7 23 5 1 13 6 25 1 6 1 16 4 28 . 2 ii 1 8 22 1 26 4 105 2 60 198 1 1 1 1 3 23 10 38 4 2 26 2 34 2 3 5 24 1 9 44 3 34 8 136 3 57 241 7 42 18 209 4 78 358 2 2 4 8 8 9 11 7 11 46 4 7 7 11 9 38 19 54 57 56 60 246 4 12 19 6 10 51 37 84 98 80 90 389 18 169 82 798 6. 202 1,215 3.. ~5;~ foA-iiote (t) on p. JIm 1~5 SECOND ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. WINFIELD S. HANCOcK.5 Brig. Gen. JOHN GIBBON. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. H 3 4 1 80 62 62 12 Page 176 176 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. Return of Gasualtie8 in the Union forces, 4~c.Cpntinned. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a a Command. a a a ;~ a ~ a o .~ .5 a ~ .~ ~ .~ ~ 9 o ~ 0 ~,0 ~ First Brigade. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM HARROW. Col. FRANcIs E. HEATH. Staff 19th Maine 15th Massachusetts 1st Minnesota* 82d New York (2d Militia) Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ALEXANnER S. WEBB. 69th Pennsylvania 71st Pennsylvania 72d Pennsylvania 106th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. NORMAN J. HALL. 19th Massachusetts 20th Massachusetts 7th Michigan 42d New York 59th New York Total Third Brigade Unattached. 1st Company Massachusetts Sharpshooters Total Second Division THIRD DIvIsION. Brig. Gen. ALEXANDER HAYs. Col. SAMUEL S. CARROLL. 14th Indiana 4th Ohio 8th Ohio 7th Wbst Virginia Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS A. SHYTH. Lieut. Col. FRANcIs E. PIERcE. 14th Connecticut 1st Delaware 12th New Jersey 10th New York (battalion) 108th New York Total Second Brigade First Brigade. 3 3 3 20 47 42 1 11 8 14 12 159 89 159 120 28 14 10 137 46 327 1 47 768 4 2 2 36 19 42 8 8 3 7 9 72 55 139 45 2 3 15 16 2 1 9 105 27 311 5 34 491 2 2 2 7 28 19 15 6 9 8 3 6 3 52 86 41 49 25 4 6 75 29 253 . 14 377 2 6 8 25 319 105 1,097 6 95 1,647 6 3 22 31 2 7 1 16 5 31 1 17 10 73 1 102 5 1 40 1 47 3 35 15 151 7 211 10 10 42 4 66 1 9 10 44 1 12 77 2 21 4 79 9 115 2 4 6 3 13 10 76 102 6 55 34 245 1 25 366 * 2d Company Minnesota Sharpshooters attaChed. [CHAP. XXXIX. 1 203 148 224 192 137 98 192 64 77 127 65 74 3 Page 177 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 1Z7 Return of Casualties in the Union forees, & e.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. a a a S a ,~ ~ a a a I) .5 0 .5 0 ~ .~ ~ .~ ~ 0 r~ o ~i o r~ ~ Third Brigade. Col. GEORGE L. WILLARD. Col. ELIAKIM SHERRILL. Lient. Col. JAMES M. BULL. 39th New York ~111th New York 125th New York .126th New York Total Third Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Capt. JOHN G. HAZARD. 1st New York Light, Battery B* 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B 1st United States, Battery I 4th United States, Battery A Total Artillery Brigade Total Second Army Corps THIRD ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. DANIEL E. SIcKLEs. Maj. Gen. DAVID B. BIRNEY. ;Staff FIR5T DIVISION. Maj. Gen. DAVID B. BIRNEY. Brig. Gen. J. H. HOBART WARD. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. CHARLES K. Giuiwx. Col. ANDREW H. TIPPIN. Staff 57th Pennsylvania 63d Pennsylvania 68th Pennsylvania 105th Pennsylvania 114th Pennsylvania 141st Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. J. H. HOBART WARD. Col. HIRAM BERDAN. %Staff 20th Indiana 3d Maine 4th Maine 86th New York 124th New York 99th Pennsylvania 1st United States Sharpshooters 2d United States Sharpshooters Total Second Brigade 1 3 2 5 14 55 24 35 3 8 6 9 77 169 98 172 ii 9 10 95 249 139 231 11 128 26 516 33 714 ~0 218 75 912 1 65 1,291 1 9 1 15 26 3 1 27 1 32 1 6 1 18 2 28 1 1 23 25 1 5 1 31 38 3 24 5 114 3 149 66 731 270 2,924 13 365 4,369 2 2 3 a 2 9 9 37 3 55 115 1 3 26 4 34 3 10 9 117 13 152 1 7 14 101 9 132 9 1 85 3 67 155 25 6 97 21. 149 6 61 45 463 6 159 740 1 2 1 4 1 1 3O~ 17 9 10 24 17 S 5 1 9 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 57 56 48 54 77 33 19 45 70 3 5 11 6 14 1 156 122 144 66 90 110 49 43 12 117 33 449 6 164 781 * Transferred from Artillery Reserve, July 1; 14th New York Battery attached. 12 R RVOL XXVII, ?T I CHAP. XXXIX. Page 178 0 Co ~) 4 ~ Co 0 4 0 0 0 Page 179 THE GEITYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 1~9 Return of (Jasualtie8 in the Union fore& s, & e.Continued. Krned. Wounded. Captured or missing. C) C) Command. S ~ n ~ .. u 0 .~fi U ~ ~ FIFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. GEORGE SYKEs. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES BARNES. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM S. TILTON. 18th Massachusetts 22d Massachusetts . 1st Michigan 118th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. JACOB B. SWEITE~ER. 9th Massachusetts 32d Massachusetts 4th Michigan 62d Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. STRONG YINcm~r. Col. JAMES C. RICE. Staff 20th Maine 16th Michigan 44th New York 83d Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade.... Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ROMEYN B. Avnns. First Brigade. Col. HANNIBAL DAT. Staff 3d United States 4th United States 6th United States 12th United States 14th United States Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. SIDNEY BuRBANK. 2d United States 7th United States 10th United States 11th United States 17th United States Total Second Brigade 1 8 4 2 6 3 23 24 27 16 3 4 8 27 31 42 25 2 10 12 90 11 125 1 6... 7 1 12 1 24 9 55 1 75 165 4 24 10 97 40 175 6 61 26 218 1 120 427 2 1 20 24 9 6 2 5 3 82 77 42 5 3 3 I 125 60 111 55 6 82 17 286 11 352 14 153 10 4 7 18 55 2 1 4 2 539 I 62 28 39 67 108 1 142 4 904 4 73 40 44 92 132 1 45 13 305 18 382 1 1 3 1 5 11 15 16 24 4 3 S 7 13 51 42 27 85 105 6 2 3 9 7 7 71 32 310 27 447 CHAP. XXXIX. Page 180 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. LOHAP. XXXIL Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Capt~ed or missing. n a a Command. ci ~ ,~ ~ .~ . .~ S a +~ 0 0 0 ~ Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. STEPHEN H. WEED. CoL KENNER GAREARD. Staff 140th New York ~t46th New York 91st Pennsylvania 155th Pennsylvania Total ~Chfrd Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM MCCANDLESS. 1st Pennsylvania Reserves 2d Pennsylvania Reserves 6th Pennsylvania Reserves 13th Pennsylvania Reserves (1st Rifles) Total First Brigade Third Brigade. Col. JOSEPH W. FISHER. 5th Pennsylvania Reserves 9th Pennsylvania Reserves 10th Pennsylvania Reserves 11th Pennsylvania Reserves 12th Pennsylvania Reserves Total Third Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Capt. AUGUSTUS P. iVIIARTIN. l~(assachusetts Light, 3d Battery (C) 1st Ohio Light, Battery L 5th United States, Battery D 5th United States, Battery I Total Artillery Brigade Ambulance Corps Total Fifth Army Corps SIXTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. JOHN SEDGWICK. FIR5T DIVI5ION. Brig. Gen. HOHATIO G. WEIGHT. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ALFRED T. A. TORBERT. ~2d New Jersey 3d New Jersey ~5th New Jersey Total First Brigade 1 4 3 6 5 2 2 2 22 14 11 1 133 28 19 19 2 38 11 131 18 200 10 154 56 746 ...... 63 1,029 8 3 35 46 3 2 31 1 37 2 1 21 24 2 5 8 31 2 48 2 18 14 118 3 155 2 2 5 5 2 3 5 1 2 3 35 41 I 1 2 1 5 3 46 55 3 23 17 164 3 210 6 6 2 2 1 6 6 13 .1 1 18 2 22 1 7 1 32 2 43 1 I 23 337 129 1,482 1 210 2,187 6 2 3 11 . 11 6 2 3 ~8 Page 181 THE GEITYSBUEG CAMPAIGIfl~T. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. 4) 4) 4) ~ bO aS 4) +~ ~ ~ ~ ;~ ~. o ~i o Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOSEPH J. BARTLETT. 121st New York 95th Pennsylvania 96th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. DAVID A. RUSSELL. 119th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total First Division 5ECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALBION P. HOwL Second Brigade. Col. LEWIS A. GRANT. 4th Vermont Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. NEILL. 7th Maine 48d New York 49th New York 61st Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Maj. Gen. Jon~ NEWTON. Brig. Gen. FRANK WHEATON. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ALEXANDER SMAns~R. 65th New York 67th New York 122d New York 23d Pennsylvania 82d Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. HENRY L. EusTIs. 7th MassachusettS 10th Massachusetts 37th Massachusetts 2d Rhode Island Total Second Brigade 1 2 1 1 1 4 5 2 2 2 2 1 17 18 1 I 1 1 6 1 2 1 5 2 2 1 1 2 1 11 2 15 1 12 2 16 4 5 1 1 10 2 30 2 44 1 1 12 14 6 14 3 53 3 74 6 6 1 3 5 9 2 1 25 19 47 1 5 1 7 3 2 39 25 69 CHAP. XXXIX. Page 182 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXIII. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. B B B Command. ~ .~ z~ ~ 0 ~1 0 [~1 0 Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. FuAnn WHEATON. Col. DAVID J. NEVIN. %~2d New York 93d Pennsylvania 98th Pennsylvania 139th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY BRIGADE. CoL CHARLES H. ToRPEINS. New York Light, 1st Battery Total Artillery Brigade Total Sixth Army Corps ELEVENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. OLIVER 0. HOWARD. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. Staff 1st Indiana Cavairy, Companies I and K FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. FRANCIS C. BARLOW. Brig. Gen. ADELBERT AMES. Staff First Brigade. Col. LEOPOLD VON GILSA. Staff 41st New York 54th New York 68th NeW York 153d Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ADELBERT Anns. Col. ANDREW L. HARRIS. 17th Connecticut 25th Ohio 75th Ohio 107th Ohio Total Second Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ADOLPH VON STEINWEER. Staff 1 1 2 3 10 9 9 16 2 7 44 53 1 19 12 136 28 196 4 2 6 12 4 2 6 12 2 25 14 171 30 242 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 I 1 14 8 50 2 75 7 2 45 4 44 102 1 7 4 59 2 65 138 1 22 7 135 46 211 4 50 21 289 6 157 527 2 18 4 7~ 2 94 1.97 1 8 5 95 3 72 184 2 14 7 67 4 92 186 23 8 103 77 211 5 63 24 342 9 335 778 9 113 46 631 15 492 1,306 1 1 18 Page 183 THE GEITYSBUEG CAMPAIGN. 183 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Capt~~ or missing. Command. ~ .~ ~ ~ Q ~ r~i First Brigade. CoL CHARLES R. COSTER. 134th New York 154th New York. 27th Pennsylvania 73d Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. CoL ORLAND SMITH. 33d Massachusetts 136th New York 55th Ohio 73d Ohio Total Second Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Maj. Gen. CARL SCHURE. First Brigade. Brig. Gem A. SCHIMEELFENNIG. Col. GEORGE VON AESBERG. B2d Illinois 45th New York 157th New York 61st Ohio 74th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. CoL W. KRzvzANOwsRI. 58th New York 119th New York 82d Ohio 75th Pennsylvania ~6th Wisconsin Total Second Brigade Total Third Division ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Maj. THOMAS W. OSBORN. 1st New York Light, Battery I New York Light, 13th Battery 1st Ohio Light, Battery I 1st Ohio Light, Battery K 4th United States, Battery G Total Artillery Brigade 1 41 1 4 7 4 1 3 147 20 26 27 2 9 1 57 169 75 252 200 111 34 3 53 8 220 12 301 597 7 38 45 17 1 88 1 109 6 1 30 1 11 49 21 3 117 4 145 51 5 273 2 17 348 3 104 14 493 14 318 946 2 2 4 11 23 4 8 1 1 8 6 4 18 34 158 30 36 4 14 6 2 2 85 164 108 10 58 112 224 307 54 110 8 50 20 6 28 425 807 1 1 2 13 3 20 2 9 4 66 1 58 140 4 13 14 71 2 77 181 3 16 5 84 3 111 2 24 11 118 2 60 217 12 63 315 352 5 201 669 20 113 56 628 33 626 1,476 3 2 8 13 8 3 11 13 13 2 1 10 2 15 1 1 11 4 17 1 6 3 50 9 69 Total Eleventh Army Corps 33 336 120 1 802 62 1,448 3,801 CHAP XXXIX Page 184 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Cau~. XXXIX. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a a a Command. U a a ~ U .5 u .3 U ~ .~ ~ o ~i 0 [~1 0 TWELFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. HENRY W. SLOCUM.* Brig. Gen. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ALPHRIIS S. WILLIAMS. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. RUGER. First Brigade. Col. ARCHIBALD L. MCDOUGALL. 5th Connecticut 20th Connecticut 3d Maryland 123d New York 145th New York 45th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. HENRY H. LOCKWOOD. 151 Maryland, Potomac Home Brigade 1st Maryland, Eastern Shore 150th New York Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. THOMAS H. RIJGER. Col. SILAS COLGROVE. 27th Indiana 2d Massachusetts 13th New Jersey 107th New York 3d Wisconsin Total Third Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JOHN W. CHARY. First Brigade. CoL CHARLES CANDY. 5th Ohio 7th Ohio 29th Ohio 66th Ohio 28th Pennsylvania 147th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. GEORGE A. COBRAM, Jr. Brig. Gen. THOMAS L. KANE. Col. GEORGE A. COBMAM, Jr. 29th Pennsylvania 109th Pennsylvania 111th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade 1 2 1 1 1 5 1 2 22 6 9 8 9 7 28 8 14 10 13 1 11 4 56 1 7 8~ 3 20 5 7 3 77 1 104 18 2 25 23 15 45 3 32 3 118 18 174 23 21 8 8 3 1 4 78 101 17 2 7 110 136 21 2 10 2 47 20 205 5 279 6 90 27 379 1 30 533 1 1 1 15 18 1 17 18 2 5 31 38 3 14 17 3 1 22 2 2S 1 4 15 22 4 14 5 114 2 139 2 13 43 8 66~ 3 6 1 10 5 1 16 22 2 21 1 65 9 98 * See foot-note (*) on p. 165. 18 Page 185 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GEITYSBWRG CAMPAIGTh Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & c.Continued. ~Killed. Wounded. Capt~~ or missing. n H H Command. Ii ~ Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE S. GREENE. 60th New York 78th New York 102d New York 187th New York 149th New York Total Third Brigade Total Second Division ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Lieut. EDwARD D. NURLENBERG. Pennsylvania Light, Battery E 4th United States, Battery F 5th United States, Battery K Total Artillery Brigade Total Twelfth Army Corps CAVALRY CORPS. )Iaj. Gen. ALFRED PLEASONTON. FIRST DIVISION. I Brig. Gen. Joiiu BUFORD. First Brigade. Col. WILLIAM GAMBLE. 8th Illinois 12th Illinois (four companies) 3d Indiana (six companies) 8th New York Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. THOMAS C. DEvn~. 6th New York 9th New York 17th Pennsylvania.. 3d West Virginia (two companies) Total Second Brigade Reserve Brigade. Brig. Gen. WESLEY MERRITT. 6th Pennsylvania 1st United States 2d United States 5th United States 6th United States* Total Reserve Brigade Total First Division 4 11 6 2 86 6 2 1 1 3 3 89 20 16 84 43 8 10 3 52 30 137 6 61 10 202 1 23 308. 12 96 16 381 1 84 3 3. 1 1 5 5. 9 9, 18 186 43 769 2 64 1,082 1 1 4 1 7 4 3 7 6 2fr 1 5 1 20 5 32 2 1 21 16 40 1 12 6 52 28 99, 1 8 9~ 2 2 7 11 4 4~ 4 4~ 2 3 23 23 3 7 2 12. 1 9 5 15. 3 1 6 1 6 17 4 1 5. 6 5 23 5 203 242~ 13 6 49 6 217 291 1 27 12 10416 268 413 * Losses occurred at Fairfield, Pa. 1 85 Page 186 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHn~. XXXIX. Return of CasuaZties in the Union foree& , & c.Continued. Killed. Wonnded. Captured or missing. Command. o ~1 o r~ o ~i SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. DAVID McM. GREGG. First Brigade. CoL Jonn B. MCINTOSH. 1st Maryland 1st New Jersey 1st Pennsylvania & l Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Third Brigade. Col. J. IRVIN GREGG. 1st Maine 10th New York 4th Pennsylvania 16th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total Second Division THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JUDsoN KILPATRICK. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. ELON J. FARNSWORTH. Col. NATHANIEL P. RICHMOND. Staff 5th New York 18th Pennsylvania 1st Vermont 1st West Virginia Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE A. CUSTER. 1st Michigan f5th Michigan ~6th Michigan 7th Michigan Total Second Brigade Total Third Division HORSE ARTILLERY. First Brigade. Capt. JAMES N. ROBERTsON. ~th Michigan 6t~i New York .2d United States, Battery N 4th United States, Battery E Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Capt. Jonn C. TIDBALL. 1st United States, Battery K ~2d United States, Battery A Total Second Brigade 2 7, 2 1 2 6 S 9 2 21 7 19 9 35 1 4 5 2 4 1 1 1 2 4 6 6 12 1 2 21 6 7 31 1 11 56 1 .1 1 1 4 6 2 4 S 14 18 3 22 27 65 2 2 8 1 1 3 12 3 18 6 28 1 42 98 10 6 37 20 73 7 1 29 15 56 1 2 24 1 28 13 4 44 39 100 81 13 134 78 257 4 49 19 162 1 120 355 1 4 5 1 1 1~ 1 1 1 2 1 5 2 1 3 12 12 2 13 15 Total Cavalry Corps I 86 39 315 8 399 g52 18 Page 187 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~0 O~CT~0~ A ~~00 A-~0~ A 0 ~-~-~0 0~Q ~0 A ~0 0000! !0 H H 0 HH 0 0 0 ~ ~ 0 0 0 0. 0 !* ~* 0 ~ zz~ ~ o o C.~ 0 o o.~ 0 0 0 0~ ~ 0 0 S ~ 0 H 0 0 H 0. 0 0 0 0 00 c-ri !+ -I 0 z S. H o 0~ 0 0 0 ci~T~ 0 S~ 0. S 0. 0.: 0 0 0 !0~ S 0 0. 0. CS 0.00 0 00 0.0.0.0. 0 0000 0 0000 S 000~ ~ 0 ~ H ~. t~ 0 .5 ~ 0~ ~ cc !Q 0 0 ~ 55 I __ ::: :~.: ~. :~.. Officers. 0 K ~..: ~ ~0!~A Enlistedmen. ~ . . . . Officers. . .. 0! . ~ . 0 010 A ~ 0 A Enlisted men. !0 . . . . 0 . . . Officers. . .. K - I ~ 0 Enlisted men. (~ 0. K w~wK w Aggregate. COO 000 z~ z 0 o p 0 !j 0 !.!~ .1 p P 0 p 0 0! 0 0 0! 0! 0 0 0 0.. 0 p 0! 10 p. & 00~O~ 00 ~. 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~0! 1OAAO ~ Page 188 LCa& r. XXXIX. 188 N. c., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. OFFICERS KILLED. CONNECTICUT. Lieut. Colonel Douglas Fowler, 17th In- I Lieut. Col. Henry C. Merwin, 27th In fantry. fantry. Capt. James E. Moore, 17th Infantry. Lieut. Jedediah Chapman, jr.. 27th In- fantry. DELAWARE. Lieut. William Smith, 1st Infantry. Lieut. George G. Plank, 2d Infantry.. Lieut. Hamill W. Ottey, 2d Infantry. INDIANA. Maj. Charles Lemmon, 3d Cavalry. CoL John Wheeler, 20th Infantry. Lieut. Crockett T. East, 19th Infantry. Lieut. Ezra B. Robbins, 20th Infantry. Lient. Richard Jones, 19th Infantry. MAINE. Capt. John C. Keene, 3d Infantry. Capt. Stephen C. Whitehouse, 16th In~ Lieut. Charles S. McCobb, 4th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. Orpheus Roberts, 4th Infantry. Lieut. Hiram R. Dyer, 17th Infantry. Capt. Oliver H. Lowell, 16th Infantry. I Capt. George D. Smith, 19th Infantry. MARYLAND. Lieut. Charles E. Eader, 1st Infantry, Lieut. John L. Willman, 1st Infantry, Potomac Home Brigade. Potomac Home Brigade. Lieut. James T. Smith, 1st Infantry, Capt. Henry Fenton, 3d Infantry. Poton~ac Home Brigade. MASSACHUSETTS. Lieut. Christopher Erickson, 9th Bat- Capt. John Murkland, 15th Infantry. tery, Light Artillery. Capt. Leander G. King, 16th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Hartley, 1st Infantry. Capt. David W. Roche, 16th Infantry. Lieut. Col. Charles R. Mudge, 2d Infan- Lieut. George F. Brown, 16th Infantry. try. Lieut. Herman Donath, 19th Infantry. Lieut. Henry V. D. Stone, 2d Infantry. Lieut. Sherman S. Robinson, 19th Infan- Capt. Edwin Humphrey, 11th Infantry. try. Lieut. Charles G. Russell, 12th Infantry. Lieut. Sumner Paine, 20th Infantry. Lieut. Francis Thomas, 12th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Ropes, 20th Infantry. Col. George H. Ward, 15th Infantry. Lieut. William H. Barrows, 32d Infan- Capt. Hans P. Jorgenson, 15th Infantry. try. MICHIGAN. Maj. Noah H. Ferry, 5th Cavalry. Capt. Malachi J. ODonnell, 24th Infan- Lieut. Amos M. Ladd, 1st Infantry. try. Col. Harrison H. Jeffords, 4th Infantry. Capt. William J. Speed, 24th Infantry. Capt. Peter Generous, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Gilbert A. Dickey, 24th Infantry. Lieut. John P. Thelen, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Newell Grace, 24th Infantry. Lieut. Col. Amos E. Steele, jr., 7th In- Lieut. Reuben H. Humphreville, 24th In- fantry. fantry. Lieut. Albert Slafter, 7th Infantry. Lieut. Winfield S. Safford, 24th Infan- Lieut. William H. Borden, 16th Infan- try. try. Lieut. Lucius L. Shattuck, 24th Infantry. Lieut. Butler Browne, 16th Infantry. Lieut. Walter H.Wallace, 24th Infantry. Lieut. Wallace Jewett, 16th Infantry. MINNESOTA. Capt. Nathan S. Messick, 1st Infantry. I Lieut. Waldo Farrar, 1st Infantry. Capt. Louis Muller, 1st Infantry. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Capt. Joseph A. Hubbard, 2d Infantry. Col. Edward E. Cross, 5th Infantry. Capt. Henry N. Metcalf, 2d Infantry. I Lieut. Henry A. L. French, 12th Infan- Lieut. George W. Roberts, 2d Infantry. j try Page 189 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 189 NEW JERSEY. Capt. Thomas Kelly, 5th Infantry. Capt. Doraster B. Logan, 11th Infantry. Lieut. Henry R. Clark, 5th Infantry. Capt. Luther Martin, 11th Infantry. Lieut. Charles F. Walker, 7th Infantry. Capt. Charles K. Horsfall, 12th Infantry. Capt. Andrew H. Ackerman, 11th In- Lieut. Richard Townsend, 12th Infantry. fantry. NEW YORK. Qapt. James McKay Rorty, 14th Battery, Light Artillery. Lieut. F. J. T. Blume, 2d Battery, Light Artillery. Lieut. Theodore Paush, 39th Infantry. Lieut. William H. H. Johnson, 40th In- fantry. Lieut. Reinhold Winzer, 41st Infantry. Capt. William H. Gilfillan, 43d Infantry. Capt. Lucius S. Larrabee, 44th Infantry. Lieut. Eugene L. Dunham, 44th Infantry. Maj. Edward Venuti, 52d Infantry. Lient. Louis Deitrich, 58th Infantry. Capt. Henry V. Fuller, 64th Infantry. Lieut. Willis G. Babcock, 64th Infantry. Lieut. Alfred H. Lewis, 64th Infantry. Lieut. Ira S. Thurber, 64th Infantry. Capt. George H. Ince, 66th Infantry. Capt. Elijah F. Munn, 66th Infantry. Capt. Otto Friedrich, 68th Infantry. Lieut. Andrew W. Estes, 71st Infantry. Capt. Eugene C. Shine, 73d Infantry. Lieut. William L. Herbert, 73d Infantry. Lieut. James Marksman, 73d Infantry. Lient. George P. Dennen, 73d Infantry. Maj. Andrew J. Grover, 76th Infantry. Capt. Robert B. Everett, 76th Infantry. Capt. Ambrose N. Baldwin, 80th Infan- try. Capt. Joseph S. Corbin, 80th Infantry. Lieut. George W. Brankstone, 80th In- fantry. Lient. Col. James Huston, 82d Infantry. Capt. Jonah C. Hoyt, 82d Infantry. Lieut. John H. McDonald, 82d Infantry. Capt. Thomas W. Quirk, 83d Infantry. Lieut. Charles A. Clark, 83d Infantry. Capt. John N. Warner, 86th Infantry. Lieut. William McClelland, 88th Infan- try. Lieut. William J. Morrin, 97th Infantry. Lieut. James H. Stiles, 97th Infantry. Capt. John Mead, 102d Infantry. Lieut. .Josiah V. Upham, 102d Infantry. Lient. Carl V. Amiet, 108th Infantry. Lieut. Dayton T. Card, 108th Infantry. Lieut. Robert Evans, 108th Infantry. Lieut. John H. Drake, 111th Infantry. Lieut. Erastus M. Granger, 111th Infan- try. Lieut. AugustusW. Proseus, 111th Infan- try. Lieut. Emil Frost, 119th Infantry. Lieut. Matthias Rosemann, 119th Infan- try. Capt. Ayres G. Barker, 120th Infantry. Capt. Lansing Hollister, 120th, Inf~ntry. Lieut. John R. Burhans, 120th Infantry. Lieut. Jason Carle, 120th Infantry. Lieut. Michael E. Creighton, 120th In- fantry. Lieut. Frederick Freelewick, 120th In- fantry. Lieut. Edward H. Ketchum, 120th In- fantry. Col. A. Van Home Ellis, 124th Infantry. Maj. James Cromwell, 124th Infantry. Capt. Isaac Nichols, 124th Infantry. Lieut. Milnor Brown, 124th Infantry. Col. George L. Willard, 125th Infantry. Capt. Ephraim Wood, 125th Infantry. Col. Eliakim Sherrill, 126th Infantry. Capt. Orin J. Herendeen, 126th Infantry. Capt. Isaac Shimer, 126th Infantry. Capt. Charles M. Wheeler, 126th Infan- try. Lient. Rufus P. Holmes, 126th Infantry. Lieut. Henry I. Palmer, 134th Infantry. Capt. Oscar C. Williams, 137th Infantry. Capt. Joseph H. Gregg, 137th Infantry. Lieut. Henry G. Hallett, 137th Infantry. Lieut. John H. Van Emburgh, 137th In- fantry. Col. Patrick H. ORorke, 140th Infantry. Lieut. Guilford D. Mace, 147th Infantry. Lieut. SylvesterJ. Taylor, 147th Infantry. Lieut. David G. Van Dusen, 147th In- fantry. Lieut. Col. George Arrowsmith, 157th Infantry. Capt. Jason K. Backus, 157th Infantry. Capt. Harrison Frank, 157th Infantry. Lieut. Randall D. Lower, 157th Infantry. OHIO. Lieut. Addison H. Edgar, 4th Infantry. I Asst. Surg. William S. Moore, 61st In Lieut. Samuel J. Shoub, 4th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. Henry C. Brinkman, 5th Infantry. Capt. James C. Mulharen, 75th Infantry. Lieut. Elijah Hayden, 8th Infantry. Capt. Mahlon B. Briggs, 75th Infantry. Lieut. Lewis E. Wilson, 25th Infantry. Lieut. Stowell L. Burnham, 82d Infantry. Lieut. George Hayward, 29th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Jacoby, 82d Infantry. Lieut. John G. Marsh, 29th Infantry. Lieut. George W. McGary, 82d Infantry. Capt. James M. Reynolds, 61st Infantry. Lieut. Philander C. Meredith, 82d Infan- try Page 190 190 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX, PENNSYLVANIA. Lieut. John 0. H. Woods, 11th Reserves. Col. Charles F. Taylor, 18th Reserves. Lieut Robert Hall, 13th Reserves. Lieut. Joshua S. Garsed, 23d Infantry. Lieut. Benjamin R. Wright, 26th In- fantry. Lieut. Walter S. Briggs, 27th Infantry. Lieut. John Kuempel, 27th Infantry. Lieut. Edward J. Harvey, 29th Infantry. Lieut. John J. McKeever, 29th Infantry. Lieut. John D. Gordon, 56th Infantry. Lieut. John F. Cox, 57th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Mitchell, 57th Infantry. Maj. William G. Lowry, 62d Infantry. Capt. Edwin H. Little, 62d Infantry. Lieut. Scott C. McDowell, 62d Infantry. Lieut. Josiah C. Mouck, 62d Infantry. Capt. George W. McLearn, 68th In- fantry. Lieut. Andrew Black, 68th Infantry. Lieut. John Reynolds, 68th Infantry. Lieut. Col. Martin Tschudy, 69th Infan- try. Capt. Michael Duffy, 69th Infantry. Capt. George C. Thompson, 69th In- fantry. Lieut. Charles F. Kelly, 69th Infantry. Capt. William H. Dull, 71st Infantry. Capt. John M. Steffan, 71st Infantry. Capt. Andrew McBride, 72d Infantry. Lieut. Sutton Jones, 72d Infantry. Capt. Anton Heilig, 74th Infantry. Lieut. William Roth, 74th Infantry. Col. Francis Mahler, 75th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Hauschild, 75th Infantry. Lieut. Louis Mahler, 75th Infantry. Capt. John M. Sell, 83d Infantry. Chaplain Horatio S. Howell, 90th In- fantry. Lieut. John R. Nice, 99th Infantry. Lieut. George W. Crossley, 105th Infan- try. Lieut. William H. Smith, 106th Infantry. Capt. Richard W. Davids, 118th Infantry. Col. Richard P. Roberts, 140th Infantry. Capt. David Acheson, 140th Infantry. Lieut. Alexander M. Wilson, 140th In- fantry. Col. Robert P. Cummins, 142d Infantry. Capt. Charles H. Flagg, 142d Infantry. Lieut. Edward B. Hurst, 142d Infantry. Lieut. Charles W. Betzenberger, 143d In- fantry. Lieut. Horatio F. Lewis, 145th Infantry. Lieut. William H. Tourison, 147th Infan- try. Capt. Robert M. Forster, 148th Infantry. Capt. Alfred J. Sofield, 149th Infantry. Lieut. Charles P. Keyser, 150th Infantry. Lieut. Ellas D. Weidensaul, 150th Infan- try. Lieut. Aaron S. Seaman, 151st Infantry. Lieut. George A. Trexler, 151st Infantry. Lieut. William H. Beaver,453d Infantry. RHODE ISLAND. Lieut. Joseph S. Milne, Battery B, 1st Light Artillery. UNITED STATES ARMY. Lieut. Manning Livingston, 3d Artillery. Capt. Thomas 0. Barn, 11th Infantry. Lieut. Alonzo H. Cushing, 4th Artillery. Lieut. Herbert Kenaston, 11th Infantry. Lieut. Bayard Wilkeson, 4th Artillery. Lieut. Henry Rochford, 11th Infantry. Lieut. Charles E. Hazlett, 5th Artillery. Lieut. Silas A. Miller, 12th Infantry. Lieut. Frank C. Goodrich, 2d Infantry. Lieut. William H. Chamberlin, 17th In- Lieut. Wesley F. Miller, 7th Infantry. fantry. Lieut. William J. Fisher, 10th Infantry. UNITED STATES SHARPSHOOTERS. Lieut. George W. Sheldon, 1st Regiment. UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds. I Brig. Gen. Stephen H. Weed. Brig. Gen. Elon J. Farnsworth. I Brig. Gen. Samuel K. Zook. VERMONT. Lieut. William H. Hamilton, 14th Infantry. WEST VIRGINIA. Capt. William N. Harris, 1st Cavalry. I Lieut. Sidnier W. Knowles, 1st Cavalry. WISCONSIN. Lieut. William S. Winegar, 2d Infantry. I Capt. William Smith, 26th Infantry. Capt. John Ticknor, 6th Infantry. Lieut. Martin Young, 26th Infantry. Lieut. Orrin D. Chapman, 6th Infantry Page 191 CHAP. XXXIX.] TIlE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 191 OFFICERS MORTALLY WOUNDED. DELAWARE. Capt. Martin W. B. Ellegood, 1st Infantry. MAINE. Maj. Ebenezer Whitcomb, 4th Infantry. Lieut. Leroy S. Scott, 19th Infantry. Lieut. George M. Bragg, 4th Infantry. Capt. Charles W. Billings, 20th Infantry. Capt. Almon L. Fogg, 17th Infantry. Lieut. Warren L. Kendall, 20th Infantry. Capt. Milton M. Young, 17th Infantry. Lieut. Arad H. Linscott, 20th Infantry. MASSACHUSETTS. Capt. Thomas. B. Fox, jr., 2d Infantry. Lieut. j~llisha G. Buss, 15th Infantry. Capt. Thomas R. Robeson, 2d Infantry. I Capt. Charles R. Johnson, 16th Infantry. Lieut. William B. Mitchell, 11th Infan- I Col. Paul J. Revere, 20th Infantry. try. I Lieut. Charles K. Knowles, 22d Infantry. Capt. Wilson B. Farrell, 1st Infantry. Capt. Joseph Periam, 1st Infantry. MINNESOTA. Lieut. David B. Demarest, 1st Infantry. Lieut. Charles H. Mason, 1st Infantry. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Lieut. William W. Ballard, 2d Infantry. Lieut. Charles Vickery, 2d Infantry. Lieut. Edmund Dascomb, 2d Infantry. Lieut. Ruel G. Austin, 5th Infantry. Lieut. Charles W. Patch, 2d Infantry. Capt. Edward P. Berry, 5th Infantry. Col. Louis R. Francine, 7th Infantry. NEW JERSEY. Capt. Andrew S. Davis, 8th Infantry. Maj. Philip J. Kearny, 11th Infantry. NEW YORK. Capt. Charles D. Follett, 8th Cavalry. Lieut. Adolph Wagner, 39th Infantry. Lieut. Benjamin N. Thomas, 44th Infan- try. Capt. Edward Antonieski, 58th Infantry. Capt. Gustave Stoldt, 58th Infantry. Lieut. Col. Max A. Thoman, 59th Infan- try. Lieut. William H. Pohlman, 59th Infan- try. Lieut. Myron D. Stanley, 60th Infantry. Lieut. Franklin K. Garland, 61st Infan- try. Lieut. Charles A. Foss, 72d Infantry. Lieut. Martin E. Higgins, 73d Infantry. Capt. William H. Chester, 74th Infantry. Capt. Robert Story, 76th Infantry. Lieut. Philip Keeler, 76th Infantry. Lieut. Robert G. Noxon, 76th Infantry. Lieut. John Cranston, 82d Infantry. Lieut. Rush P. Cady, 97th Infantry. Lieut. Thomas Johnston, 104th Infantry. Capt. Otto Trumpelman, 119th Infantry. Lieut. William J. Cockburn, 120th Infan- try. Capt. Norman F. Weer, 123d Infantry. Lieut. Jacob Sherman, 126th Infantry. Lieut. Charles P. Klein, 140th Infantry. Lieut. Hugh McGraw, 140th Infantry. Lieut. William P. Schenck, 147th Infan- try. Lieut. Daniel McAssy, 147th Infantry. Capt. George A. Adams, 157th Infantry. Lieut. Joseph F. Henery, 157th Infantry. OHIO. Lieut. Daniel W. Williams, 61st Infantry. Maj. Joshua G. Palmer, 66th Infantry. Capt. George M. Doherty, 73d Infantry. Lieut. Thomas Wheeler, 75th Infantry. Capt. John Costen, 82d Infantry. Capt. William D. W. Mitchell, 82d Infan.. try. Capt. Barnet T. Steiner, 107th Infantry. PENNSYLVANIA. Lieut. Joseph H. Miller, 16th Cavalry. Maj. Israel P. Spalding, 141st Infantry. Lieut. Frank B. Bird, 26th Infantry. Lieut. Andrew G. Tucker, 142d Infantry. Capt. James Brown, 62d Infantry. Lieut. Lyman R. Nicholson, 143d Infan- Lieut. Patri~~k Morris, 62d Infantry. try. Lieut. Lewis W. Ealer, 68th Infantry. Capt. GeorgeG. Griswold,145th Infantry. Col. Dennis OKane, 69th Infantry. Lieut. George H. Finch, 145th Infantry. Lieut. William J. Sill, 75th Infantry. Lieut. John A. Bayard. 148th Infantry. Lieut. Isaac A. Dunsten, 105th Infantry. Lieut. Henry Chancellor, jr., 150th In- Lieut. Ferdinand M. Pleis,lO6th Infantry. fantry. Capt. Jeremiah M. Sample, 139th Infan- try Page 192 192 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Css~p. XXXIX. UNITED STATES ARMY. ijeut. George de V. Selden, 2d Cavalry. Lieut. Michael C. Boyce, 10th Infantry. ILieut. Christian Balder, 6th Cavalry. Lieut. Amaziah J. Barber, 11th Infantry. Lieut. George A. Woodruff, 1st Artillery. Lieut. Edward S. Abbot, 17th Infantry. iLieut. Richard R. Crawford, 7th Infantry. UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. Brig. Gen. Strong Vincent. I Capt. James J. Griffiths, Aide-de-Camp. Capt. John P. Blinn, Assistant Adjutant- I General. VERMONT. iLieut. John T. Sennott, 13th Infantry. Lieut. Cyrus B. Lawton, 16th Infantry. WISCONSIN. Return Lieut. Col. George H. Stevens, 2d.Infantry. No. 14. of Casualties in the Union forces at Wapping Heights, lJfanasas Gap, Va., July 23, 1863. [Compiled from nominal list of casualties, returns, & c.] Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. 4) 4) 4) l~ ~ ~ .~ ~o o .3 o l~ ~ o r~ o ~ General staff 1 1 20th Indiana 4 3dMaine 3 3 4th Maine 1 1 17th Maine I 1 6th Maryland 1 1 2d NewHampshire 1 1 5th New Jersey 1 1 7DthNewYork 1 10 21 32 71st NewYork 2 13 15 72d NewYork 8 8 73d NewYork 1 7 8 74thNewYork 2 2 7 11 l24thNewYork 1 1 2 63d Pennsylvania 5 84th Pennsylvania 1 1 1st U. S. Sharpshooters 1 1 6 S Total 3 17 2 81 1013 OFFICERS KILLED. NEW YORK. Capt. Benjamin Price, 70th Infantry. I Lieut. James Short, 74th Infantry. Lieut. Charles S. Preston, 74th Infantry. Page 193 TILE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 193 iNo. 15. General Ret am of Casualties in the Union forces during the Gettysburg Campaign, June 3August 1, 1863. [Compiled from nominal list of casualties, returns, & c.] Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. a a a Location. 8 8 8 .~ ~i a ,~ a ~i ~ ~ ., a ~ a ~ a a ~ a n .3 a .3 5 .3 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Near Fayetteville, Va., June 3 1 Franklins Crossing, or Deep Run, Va., June 5-13 9 3 45 Brandy Station (Fleetwood) and Beverly Ford, 10 67 35 356 13 Va., June 9* Stevensburg, Va., June 9 * 4 12 Berryville, Va., June 13 2 Opequon Creek Va Juue 13 2 15 Bunker Hill, W~ Va June 13 1 6 2 33 1 Winchester, Va., June 13.1St 7 88 12 336 144 Berryville, Va., June 14 1 Martinsburg, W. Va., June 14 4 1 8 6 Williarusport, Md., June 15 I Aldie, Va., June 17*... 4 46 9 Catoctin Creek and June 1 a 17. Middleburg, Va., June 17-18 1 3 5 24 12 Middieburg, Va., June 19 4 12 4 42 Upperville, Va., June 21 * 12 13 117 1 Near Gainesville, Va., June 21 Thoroughfare Gap and Hay Market, Va., June 1 6 2125. Near Aldie, Va., June 22 1 2 Greencastle, Pa., June 22 1 McConnellsburg, Pa., June 25 Near Gettysburg, Pa., June 26 Near Fairfax Court-House, Va., June 27 3 1 j4 Near Rockville, Md., June 28 3 ~ribhtsville, Pa., June 28 12 Muddy Branch, Md., June 29 7 Westminster, Md., June 29 2 8 3 Hanover, Pa., June 30 2 17 6 67 5 Sporting Hill, near Harrisburg, Pa., June 30 2 7 Carlisle, Pa., July 1 . 12 Gettysburg, Pa., July 1-4 * 246 ~ i;i4~ 13,384 183 Fairfield Gap, Pa., July 4 1 . 1 2 4 Monterey Gap, Pa., July 4 1 3 9 1 Emmitshurg, Md., July 4 1 Cuuninghams Cross-Roads, Pa., July 5 2 Near Greencastle, Pa., July 5 1 Near Fairfield, Pa., July 5 2 5 Smithsburg, Md., July 5 1 5 Hagerstown, Md., July 6 3 16 5 45 10 Williams port, Md., July 6 1 13 3 34 3 Downsville, Md., July 7 1 1 Funkstown, Md., July 7 6 1 8 Boonsborough, Md., ~uly 8 8 5 49 Near Williamsport, Md., July 8 4 Benevola or Beaver Creek, Md., July 9 3 17 Funkstown, Md., July 10-13 14 7 70 1 Hagerstown, Md., July 10-13 5 4 27 1 Jones Cross-Roads, Md., July 10-13 2 7 AshhysGap, Va., July12 2 6 2 Near Williamsport, Md., July 14 2 Falling Waters, Md., July 14 3 ~5 56 2 Near Harpers Ferry. W. Va., July 1 Halltown, W. Va., July 15 ...........i...... 2 Shepherdstown, W. Va., July 15 1 Shepherdstown, W. Va., July 16 8 8 64 Snidkers Gap, Va., July 1~7 3 Hedgesville and Martinsburg, W. Va., July 18-19 1 4 * For detailed statemeRt, see pp. 168173. ~ For detailed statement, see Part II, p. . 3 13 2 3,856 2 140 2 118 26 225 37 66 9 41 2 176 52 16 11 118 13 29 67 1 18 184 66 5o~ 18 S S 12 2 7 S 30 24 2 13 R RVOL XXVI!, PT I CHAP. XXXIX.] 4 57 837 29 4 17 97 4,443 3 159 3 305 30 270 99 209 9, 48. S 10 176 73 19 23 7 4 215 9 12 23,049 21 43 65 3 19 10 293 120 2 65 80 4 25 97 49 11 17 121 2S S 1 104 4 Page 194 [CHAP. XXXIX. 194 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. General Return of Casualties in the Union forces, & e.Continued. Captured or Killed. Wounded. missing. S S I a a Location. 8 8 S ,,~ a *5 a ~ a H ~ a .. a ~ a a a ~ a ~ a .5 a .3 H ~ 8 ~ 8 H 0 r~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Ashbys Gap, Va., July 20 3 3 6 Berrys Ferry, Va., July 20 3 3 6 Manassas Gap, Va., July 21-22 9 12 8 29 Chester Gap, Va., July 21-22 1 8 16 25 Wapping Heights, Manassas Gap., Va., July 23* 3 17 2 81 103 Near Gaines Cross-Roads, Va., July 23 1 5 6 Near Snickers Gap, Va., July 23 1 3 4 Battle Mountain, near Newbys Cross.Roads, Va 4 1 11 14 30 July 24. Brandy Station, Va., August 1 ~1 10 94 20 145 Miscellaneous affairs em route 2 6 8 226 242 Total 287 3,355 1,294 15,282 407 11,418 32,041 Supplemental list of officers killed, or who died of wounds received in action. KILLED. Lieut. Michael S. Slothower, 87tA Pennsylvania Infantry, at Bunker Hill, W. Va., June 13. Liout. Jacob A. Metz, 1st Maryland (Potomac Home Brigade) Cavalry, near Will- iasm sport, Md., June 15. Lieut. Joseph A. Chedel, Jr., 1st Pho. e Island Cavalry, near Middleburg, Va., June 18. Lieuts. George S. Kimball, Mark Neville, and Ephriam H. Taylor, 1st Maine Cav- alry, and Lieut. Horatio H. Boyd, 10th New York Cavalry, at Middleburg, Va., June 19. Lieuts. Alexander Gall and Elam S. Dye, 5th~New York Cavalry, at Hanover, Pa., June 30. Lieut. James S. McElhenny, 1st Michigan Cavalry, at Fairfield Gap, Pa., July 4. Capt. William C. Lindsey, 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry; Capt. John W. Woodward, 1st Vermont Cavalry; and Lieut. Irvin C. Swentzel, 1st West Vlrglma Cavalry, at Hagerstown, Md., July 6. Licut. Aaron C. Jewett, 6th Michigan Cavalry, at Williamsport, Md., July 6. Capts. Peter A. Weber and David G. Royce, and Lieut. Charles E. Bolza, 6th Mich- igan Cavalry, at Falling Waters, Md., July 14. DIED OF WOUNDS. Lieuts. Bronson Beardsley and Edward S. Hawes, 10th New York Cavalry, wounded at Middleburg, Va., June 19. Capt. William R. Elliott, 1st Michigan Cavalry, wounded at Fairfield Gap, Pa., July 4. Lieut. Henry W. Clark, 1st West Virginia Cavalry, wounded at Monterey Gap, Pa., July 4. Lieut. William W. Williams, 5th U. S. Artillery, wounded at Smithsburg, Md., July 5. Capt. Charles J. Snyder, 1st Michigan Cavalry, wounded at Hagerstown, Md., July 6. Maj. William H. Medill, 8th Illinois Cavalry, wounded at Williamsport, Md., July 6. * For detailed statement, see p. 192 Page 195 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 195 No. 16. Report of Smrg. Jonathan Letterman, U S. Army, Medical Director, Army of the Potomac. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. MEDICAL DIRECTORS OFFICE, Camp near Gulpeper Comrt-Riouse, Va., October 3, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report on the operations of the medical department of this army at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, and 3: As the subject of transportation has an important bearing upon the manner in which the wounded are attended to after a battle, it is necessary to make some allusion to the manner in which this de- partment was supplied. It is scarcely necessary to say that if the transportation is not sufficient to enable the officers of the depart- ment to conduct it properly, the effect must fall upon the wounded. In the autumn of 1862, I investigated the subject very carefully, with the view to the adoption of some system instead of the irregular method and want of system which prior to that tinie was in vogue, to limit the amount necessary, and to have that amount always avail- able. The transportation was one wagon to each regiment and one to each brigade. This gave all that was required, and it was not too much; and, it m y be remarked, was a reduction of nearly one-half of that~ which had been in use prior to that time. This system worked well. At the battle of Chancellorsville, the department had upon the left bank of the Rappahannock means sufficient, had it been allowed to use them, for taking care of many more wounded than there caine under its control. On June 19, while the army was on the march, as it were, from before Fredericksburg to some unkncvn point north of the Potomac River, the headquarters being near Fairfax Court-House, Va., the transportation of the department was cut down by Major-General Hooker on an average of t ~o wagons in a brigade, in oppposition to my opinion, expressed verbally and in writing. This reduction necessitated the turning in of a large portion of the supplies, tents; & c., which were necessary for the proper care of the wounded in the event of a battle. Three wagons were assigned to a brigade of 1,500 men, doing away with regimental wagons. This method in its prac- tical working is no system at all, as it is liable to constant changes, and proved to be, what I supposed at the time it would be, a fail- nre to give the department the means necessary to conduct its opera- tions. The headquarters left Fairfax Court-House on June 26 ultimo, for some point as yet unknown in Maryland or Pepusylvania. On the 25th of that month, I directed Assistant Surgeon [Jeremiah B.] Brinton, U. S. Army, to proceed to Washington, and obtain the supplies I had ordered the medical purveyor to have put up, and there await orders. Gn the 26th, he was ordered to proceed with them to Frederick. This step was taken to obviate the want of supplies consequent upon the reduction of transportation. At this date it was not known that the army would be near Frederick; sti]l, the risk had to be run, and the event justified the order, Dr. Bri~utou arriving at Frederick on June 28, the day after the arrival of headquarters there, with tw6nty- fve army wagon loads of such supplies as would be most required i Page 196 [CHAP. XXXIX~ 196 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. case of a battle. The train with these supplies followed that of head- quarters until we reached Taneytown. On July 1, the .trains were not permitted to go farther, and, on the 2d, were ordered farther to the rear, near Westminster. On the 1st, it was ordered that corps commanders and the com- mander of the Artillery Reserve will at once send to the rear all their trains (excepting ammunition wagons and ambulances), parking them between Union Mills and Westminster. On the 2d, these trains were ordered still farther to the rear, and parked near Westminster, nearly 25 miles distant from the battle- field. The effect of this order was to deprive the department almost wholly of the means for taking care of the wounded until the result of the engagement of the 2d and 3d was fully known. I do not in- stance the effect of this order, excepting to show the influence of it upon the department. The expediency of the order I, of course, do not pretend to question, but its effect was to deprive this department of the appliances necessary for the proper care of the wounded, with- out which it is as impossible to have theni properly attended to as it is to fight a battle without ammunition. In most of the corps the wagons exclusively used for medicines moved with the ambulances, so that the medical officers had a sufficient supply of dressings, chlo- roform, and such articles until the supplies came up, but the tents and other appliances, which are as necessary, were not available until July 5. The supply of Dr. Brinton reached the field on the evening of July 4. This supply, together with the supplies ordered by me on July 5 and 6, gave more than was required. The reports of Dr. Brinto~i and Dr. ~John H.] Taylor show that I ordered more supplies than were used ur to the 18th of July, when the hospitals were taken from under my cbntrol. Surgeon Taylor, medical inspector of this army, who was ordered on July 29 to Gettysourg, to examine into the state of affairs there, reports to me that he made the question of sup p lies a subject of special inquiry among the medical officers who had re- mained with the wounded during and for a month subsequent to the battle. The testimony in every instance was conclusive that at no tinie had there been any deficiency, but, on the contrary, that the supply furnished by the medical purveyor had been and still continued to be abundant. This is, pe+haps, sufficient to show that not only were supplies ordered in advance, but that they were on hand when re- quired, notwithstanding the difficulty in consequence of the inability of the railroad to meet the requirements made upon it, until after Gen- eral Haupt took charge of it on July 9 I have not deemed it neces- sary to present any tables showing the amounts ordered and issued, considering what I have just given as ample enough to show the action of this department. The chief want Was tents and other appliances for the better care of the wounded. I had an interview with the com- manding general on the evening of July 3, after the battle was over, to obtain permission to order up the wagons containing the tents, & c. This request he did not think expedient to grant but in part, allow- ing one-half the wagons to come to the front; the remainder were brought up as soon as it was considered by him proper to permit it. To show the result of the system adopted upon my recommendation regarding transportation, and the effect of the system of field hos- pitals, I may here instance the hospital of the Twelfth Corps, in which the transportation was not reduced nor the wagons sent to the rear at Gettysburg Page 197 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 197 Surgeon [John] McNulty, medical director of that corps, reports that it is with extreme satisfaction that I can assure you that it enabled me to remove the wonnded from the field, shelter, feed them, and dress their wounds within six hours after the battle ended, and to have every capital operation performed within twenty-four hours after the injury was received. I can, I think, safely say that such would have been the result in other corps had the same facilities been alloweda result not to have been surpassed, if equaled, in any battle of magnitude that has ever taken place. A great difficulty always exists in having food for the wounded. By the exertions of Colonel [Henry F.] Clarke, chief commissary, 30,000 rations were brought up on July 4 and distributed to the hos- pitals. Some of the hospitals were supplied by the commissaries of the corps to which they belonged. Arrangements were made by him to have supplies in abundance brought to Gettysburg for the wounded; he ordered them, and if the railroad could have transported them they would have been on hand. Over 650 medical officers are reported as present for duty at that battle. These officers were engaged assiduously, day and night, with little rest, until the 6th, and in the Second Corps until July 7, in at- tendance upon the wounded. The labor performed by these officers was immense. Some of them fainted from exhaustion, induced by over-exertion, and others became ill from the same cause. The skill and devotion shown by the medical officers of this army were worthy of all commendation; they could not be surpassed. Their conduct as officers and as professional men was admirable. Thirteen of them were wounded, one of whom (Asst. Surg. W. S. Moore, Sixty-first Ohio Volunteers, Eleventh Corps) died on July 6 from the effects of his wounds, received on the 3d. The idea, very prevalent, that medical officers are not exposed to fire, is thus shown to be wholly erroneous. The greater portion of the surgical labor was performed before the army left. The time for primary operations had passed, and what remained to be done was to attend to making the men comfortable, dress their wounds, and perform such secondary oper- ations as from time to time might be necessary. One hundred and six medical officers were left behind when the army left; no more could be left, as it was expected that another battle would within three or four days take place, and in all probability as many wounded thrown upon our hands as at the battle of the 2d and 3d, which had just occurred. No reliance can be placed on surgeons from civil life during or after a battle. They cannot or will not submit to the pri- yations and discomforts which are necessary, and the great majority think more of their own personal comfort than they do of the wounded. Little more can be said of those officers who have for a long period been in hospitals. I regret to make such a statement, but it is a fact and often a practical one. Dr. [Henry] Janes, who was left in charge of the hospitals at Gettysburg, reports that quite a num- ber of surgeons came and volunteered their services, but they were of little use. This fact is so well known in this army that medical officers prefer to do the work rather than have them present, and the wounded men, too, are much better satisfied to be attended by their own surgeons. I, however, asked the Surgeon-General, July 7, to send 20 medical officers to report to Dr. Janes, hoping they might prove of some benefit, under the direction of the medical officers of this army who had been left behind. I cannot learn that they were ever sent Page 198 198 N. C., VA., W. VA.,MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. Dr. Janes was left in general charge of the hcspitals, and, to pro- vide against contingencies, was directed, if lie could not cemmunicate with me, to do so directly with the Surgeon-General, so that he had full power to call directly upon the Surgeon-General to supply any want that might arise. The ambulance corps throughout the army acted in the most com- mendable manner during those days of severe labor. Notwithstand- ing the great number of wounded, amounting to 14,193, I have it from the most reliable authority and from my own observation that not one wounded man of all that number was left on the field within our lines early on the morning of July 4. A few were found after daylight beyond our farthest pickets, and these were brought in,~ although the ambulance men were fired upon vhen engaged in this~ duty by the enemy, who were within easy range. In addition to tbi~ duty, the line of battle was of such a character, resembling somewhat that of a horseshoe, that it became necessary to remove most of the hospitals farther to the rear as the enemys fire drew nearer. This corps did not escape unhurt; 1 officer and 4 privates were killed and 17 wounded while in the discharge of their duties. A number of horses were killed and wounded, and some ambulances injured. These facts will show the commendable and efficient man- ner in which the duties devolving upon this corps were performed, and great credit is deservedly due to the officers and men for their praiseworthy conduct. I know of no battle-field from which wounded men have been so speedily and so carefully removed, and I have every reason to feel satisfied that their duties could not have been perforn~ed~ better or more fearlessly. Before the army left Gettysburg, and knowing that the wounded had been brought in from the field, six ambulances and four wagons were ordered to be left from each corps, to convey the wounded from their hospitals to the railroad depot, for. transportation to the other hospitals. FrQm the Cavalry Corps but four ambulances were ordered, as this corps had a number captured by the enemy at or near Han- over a few days previous. I was informed by General Ingalls that the railroad to Gettysburg would be in operation on the 6th, and upon this based my action. Had such beemi the case, this number wodId have been sufficient. As it proved that this was not in good running order for some time after that date, it would have been better to have left more ambulances. I acted on the best information that could be obtained. The number of our wounded, from the niost reliable information at my command, amounted to 14,193. * The numbe~r of Confederate wounded who fell into our hands was 6,802, making the total number of wounded thrown by that battle upon this department 20,995. The wounded of July 1 fell into the hands of the enemy, and came under our control on the 4th of that month. Instruments and medical sup- plies belonging to the First and Eleventh Corps were in some in- stances taken from the medical officers of those corps by the enemy. Previous to leaving Gettysburg, I, on July 5 and 6, ordered sup- plies to be sent to Frederick from Washington and Philadelphia, to meet the wants of the departulent in the event of another battle, which there was every reason to suppose would occur shortly after the army left Gettysburg. While at the latter place, I asked the Surgeon-General to have .50 medical officers ready to meet me at such a point as I should thereafter indicate. * But see revised statement, p. 187 Page 199 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGKN. 199 On July 7, I desired them to be sent to Frederick. Late in the night of July 9, 47 reported. These officers were designed to make up, as far as possible, the deficiency of medical officers existing in consequence of the large detail from this army left at Gettysburg. Tents were ordered b~r my request, and the corlis supplied as far as their transportation would perniit, and the remainder kept in reserve. It is not necessary to enter into a detailed list of the articles or- dered and on hand ready for the anticipated battle. I have the orders in my office, and it is with pleasure II can state Tor the infor- mation of the commanding general that, notwithstanding the short time in which I had to make the necessary preparations, this de- partment was, when near Boonsborough, fully prepared to take care of the wounded of another battle of as great magnitude as that which this army had just passed through at Gettysburg. It is unnecessary to do more than make an allusion to the diffi- culties which surrounded this department at the engagement at Gettysburg. The inadequate amount of transportation; the impos- sibility of having that allowed brought to the front; the cutting off our communication with Baltimore, first by way of Frederick and then by way of Westminster; the uncertainty, even as 1. te as the morning of July 1, as to a battle taking place at all, and, if it did, at what point it would occur; the total inadequacy of the railroad to Gettysburg to meet the demands made npon it after the battle was over; the ex- cessive rains which fell at that timei-all conspired to render the management of the department one of exceeding difficulty, and yet abundance of medical supplies were on hand at all time~ ratio_s were provided, shelter obtained, as soon as the wagons were allowed to come to the front, although not as abundant as necessary on a count of the reduced transportation. Medical officers, attendants, ambulances, and wagons left when the army started for Maryland, and the wounded were well taken care of, and especially so when we consider the circumstances under which the battle was fought and tbe length and severity of the engagement. The conduct of the medical officers w~ s admirable. Their labors not only began with the beginning of the battle, but lasted long~after the battle had ended. When other a icers had time to rest, they were busily at workand not merely at work, but woiiking earn- estly and devotedly. I have not considered it necessary to give in this report other than a very general outline of the operations of this department at that time. To enter into a detailed account of them would, I presume,. be more than the commanding general would desire. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JONA. LETTERMAN, llfedical Director. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, A. A. G., Army of the Potomac. No. 17. Report of Capt. Lemnel B. Norton, Chief Signal Officer. SIGNAL DEPT., HDQRS. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, September 18, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the ope ations of the signal corps of the Army of the Potomac, from June 14 to August 1, including the late Maryland Campaign Page 200 200 K. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. In view of the contemplated movement of this army from the line of the Rappahannock, in June last the following detail of signal offi- cers was made by direction of the commanding general, viz: The right wing was supplied with 6, the left wing with 4, and the cen- ter with 4, 8 officers being held as a reserve, to be used wherever the changes in the position of the army might render them of the greatest service. On June 14, the headquarters of this army moved from the vicinity of Falmouth to Dumfries. The signal officers detailed for the three subdivisions of the army moved with the commander of each, while the party in reserve remained near the headquarters of the general commanding. Early on this day, by order of the chief of staff, two signal officers reported to Brig. Gen. G. K. Warren, who was to as- sume command of the troops in charge of the Government property about to be removed from Aquia Creek. A station of observation was established upon Fort No. 2, at that place, communicating with the gunboats Mahaska and Freeborn (lying off the creek, for the pur- pose of covering the withdrawal of stores and troops), upon which vessels signal parties had been previously stationed. Many messages were sent between these stations, and communication successfully kept up until the night of the 16th, when, the object of the flotilla having been attained, the officers rejoined the reserve. The party on station of observation at the Phillips House, opposite Fredericksburg, remained on duty all this day, and reported to General W. S. Han- cock the frequent changes made by the enemy on the other side of the river. On the 15th, two reconnaissances were made toward Centreville by the officers attached to the First Corps, and reports sent to Maj. Gen. J. F. Reynolds. On the 16th, a loop of signal telegraph wire was run out, connecting general headqnarters at Fairfax Station with the Morse telegraph office at the depot. On the 17th, Capt. B. F. Fisher, chief acting signal officer, went out upon a reconnaissance, and in the evening was captured by the enemy near Aldie. On the 18th, communication by signal telegraph was established, by the direction of the chief of staff, between general headquarters, near Fairfax Court-House, and the headquarters of Maj. Gen. J. F. Reynolds, near Herudon Station. On the 19th, a signal telegraph line was extended from Herndon to Guilford Station, to which point General Reynolds had moved his headquarters. On the 20th, by direction of the chief of staff, two signal officers were assigned to each army corps. Communication was opened by flag signals between the First Corps headquarters, at Guilford Sta- tion, the Eleventh Corps, at Trappe Rock, and the Twelfth Corps, at Leesburg. The officers at the last-named point worked success- fully also with the signal station at Poolesville, Md., and through it with tho~e at Sugar Loaf Mountain, Point of Rocks, and Maryland Heights. Thus, conjointly by flag signals and the signal telegraph, a complete line was established from a reliable station of observation on Maryland Heights direct to the commanding general at Fairfax Court-House, giving to him at the ~ame time a rapid means of com- munication with all the corps Thove named. A reconnaissance was made for General H. W. Slocum by the signal officers attached to his command. On the 21st and 22d, the stations occnpied on the 19th and 20t Page 201 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 201 worked successfully, and two reconnaissances as far as the Bull Run Mountains were made for General W. S. Hancock. On the 23d, the lines already in operation were made still more per- fect by the establishment of a station near the headquarters of the Fifth and Cavalry Corps, at Aldie, which, communicating with the Eleventh Corps, furnished a safe means of transmitting messages between the commanding general and Maj. Gens. A. Pleasonton, G. G. Meade, and other corps commanders. On the 24th, the lines previously established worked uninterrupt- edly. Intelligence of the crossing of the Potomac by the enemy was received this day from the following message: MARYLAND HEIGHTS SIGNAL STATION, June 241O.40 a. m. General SLocuM: Large trains are crossing at Sharpsburg. Artillery and general trains are pass. ing near Charlestown toward Shepherdstown. FISHER, Lieutenant, Signal Officer. A message confirming the above was received, via Washington, late in the afternoon by the commanding general from General Tyler, at Maryland Heights. On the 25th, all signal communication was discontinued upon the removal of the army corps, and the signal telegraph line withdrawn. Two officers made separate reconnaissances for General W. S. Han- cock, while two others performed the same duties for General J. F. Reynolds. On the 26th, general headquarters moved to Poolesville. By direc- tion of the general commanding, three signal officers were ordered to report for duty to Maj. Gen. A. Pleasonton, commanding Cavalry Corps. On the 27th, the headquarters of this army moved to Frederick, and an attempt was made to open communication between this point and the station on Sugar Loaf Mountain, which proved unsuccessful, on account of the unfavorable condition of the atmosphere. A station of observation, was established at Middletown, and communication opened from that place to another point of observation at South Mountain Pass, and the results reported to Generals J. F. Reynolds and 0. 0. Howard. On the 28th and 29th, no signal operations were found necessary. On the 30th, general headquarters removed to Taneytown. A signal station was placed in the church steeple at that place, and a party sent to Emmitsburg for the purpose of opening a line between General J. F. Reynolds and headquarters. Communication was not opened this day on account of the haziness of the atmosphere. The signal officer wiLh General John Buford~, who occupied the town of Gettysburg, took position in the steeple of the college, and reported to General Buford the whereabouts and movements of the enemy. The officers attached to the First Corps, from a station of observa- tion on the mountain back of Emmitsburg, made a telescopic recon- naissance toward Gettysburg, reporting the results to the general commanding that corps. On July 1, general headquarters remained near Taneytown. A station of observation was established, first on the college and sub- sequently on the court-house in Gettysburg, and reports of the posi- tion, numbers, and movements of the enemy sent by signals to Gen- eral Howard, on Cemetery Hill, southeast of the town. In th Page 202 202 N.C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. afternoon of this day two reconnaissances were made from Gettys- burg, for the information of General W. S. Hancock, by the signal officer temporarily attached to his staff. In the evening I was made acquainted by the general command- ing with the line of defense to be occupied by the army in case the enemy made an irresistible attack upon our position, and directed by,him to examine the line thoroughly, and at once upon the com- mencement of the movement extend telegraphic communication from each of the following points, viz, general headquarters, near Frizell- burg, Manchester, Union Mills, Middleburg, and the Taneytown road. In order that these instructions might be promptly and success- fully fulfilled, signal telegraph trains were sent to Frizellburg, end everything held in readiness to extend the wire at a moments notice to the points desired by the commanding general. During the whole of this day, endeavors were made to open the signal line between general headquarters, Emmitsburg, and Round Top Mountain, but, on account of the smokiness of the atmosphere, the desired tesult was not obtained until 11 p. in., when the first message was received. These lines were kept open during the subsequent battle at Gettys- burg and until July 6. In the event of the repulse and retirement of our army, they must have been eminently useful. Late in the evening of this day, I was directed by the chief of staff to start at daylight the next morning with the signal officers held in reserve, and rejoin the commanding general on the field at Gettys- buro~ On July 2, I reported at an early hour at the point selected for headquarters of the army for that day, but found the Ignal officers, who had been previously assigned to the different aii~ y corps, al- ready on the field, and that through their exertions the general com- manding had been placed in communication with nearly all the corps commanders. Before 11 a. m. every desirable point of observation was occupied by a signal officer, and communication opened from General Meades headquarters to those of every corps commander. A station was established upon Roaud Top Mountain, on the left of our line, and from this point the greater part of the enemys forces could be seen and their movements reported. From this position, at 3.30 ~. in., the signal officer discovered the enemy massing upon Gen- eral Sickles left, and reported the fact to General Sickles and to the general commanding. At 5.30 p. m. the enemy opened a terrific fire, but our left was fully prepared for them, and the fight gradually extended to the whole front, so that every signal flag was kept almost constantly working. The station at Round To p was once, and that at Gen- eral Meades headquarters twice, broken up by the rapid advance of the enemy and the severity of the fire, but were immediately re- occupied when the positions became tenable. An important station of observation was also opened on the right of our center~, near Cem- etery Hill, from which the whole of the left of the rebel army was closely watched. A short time before the action opened, two officers were sent to reconnoiter the enemys extreme left, and their reports were given to the commandin6 general. The stations established during the day were held at night. On July 3, the same positions were occupied by the signal officers as on the day previous, and the reports of movements, & c., unfai Page 203 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 203 ingly sent to the commanding general. The station at General Meades headquarters and that at General Howards were rendered inoperative for a couple of hours by the furious attack of the rebels upon our center, bnt both were again actively employed as soon as the tremendous fire moderated sufficiently to permit of messages being read and transmitted with accuracy. The station on Ronud Top continued to report throughout the day discoveries in regard t~ the enemys position. In the evening, the commanding general re- moved his headquarters to a strip of woods on the Taneytown road, and another station was established at this point, still i7flaiIitaiiling communication with those previously opened. 0mm July 4, at 3.40 a. in., the signal officer from a station on the college in Gettysburg reported to the general commanding ~ that the enemy had evacuated the position they held yesterday, and at 9.30 a. m. reported the new line occupied by them, and that they were retreating toward Hagerstown. This station was kept open all day, and information in regard to the niovements of the enemy sent in by orderly. Generall Meades headquarters were removed to the Baltimore pike, and this was made the terminus of all signal lines. July 3.All signal stations were this day discontinued, excepting those on Round Top Mountain, Cemetery Hill, court-house, and General Meades headquarters. The officers previously assigned to army corps moved with them. A signal officer accompanied Gen- eral G. K. Warren with the advance of the Sixth Corps, and com- munication was kept up by :mim with Round Top Mountain, thus en- abling the party at the latter place to make known his discoveries in regard to the enemy to 0 ~neral Warren. On July 6~ the lines between Round Top and Taneytown and Em- mitsburg and Taneytown were discontinued. The two officers at- tached to the First Corps made a telescopic reconnaissance from the hill ba~k of IEmmitsburg, and sent the information obtained to Maj. Gen. John Newton. The same officers subsequently occupied signal stations at Turners Gap and Washington Monument, and reported the result of their observations of Hagerstown and vicinity to Gen- erals Sedgwick and Newton. July 7, the headquarters of the an y moved to Frederick. The sig- nal officer who had been previously assigned to duty with the de- tached command under General Neill made a reconnaissance near Waynesborough, Pa., discovering the whereabouts and movements of the enemy. On July 8, in the afternoon, general headquarters moved to Mid- dletown. A party of signal officers, under charge of Capt. W. J. L. Nicodemus, arrived from Washington, for the purpose of working in conjunction with the signal corps of this army. Captain Nicodemus opened a line of communication between Frederick and South Moun- tam Pass. On July 9, headquarters of the army moved to Turners Gap. A station was occupied near this place, communicating, through others at Middletown and Cramptons Pass, with Maryland Heights. This line, appearing of little importance on account of telegraphic facili- ties, was abandoned the same day, and its officers ordered to more active duty in the front. A station of observation was established on Washington Monument, near South Mountain Pass, from which Hagerstown and the whole valley could be seen. On July 10, the general commandino and his staff removed to a~ bivouac near Beaver Creek crossing, x est of Boonshorough. In th Page 204 N. 0., VA., XV. VA., MD~, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXLX. 204 evening, communication was opened from general headqnarters, through Washington Monument station, with headquarters of the Second and Twelfth Corps, near Bakers~ille; Third and Fifth Corps near Antietam Bridge, and the First and Sixth Corps near Beaver Creek Crossing, on the Hagerstown pike. On this day the officer who accompanied General Neill on his expedition from a point se- lected by him on Franklins Cliff, South fountain Range, near Lei- tersbnrg, discovered the numbers and position of the enemy in and around Hagerstown, and sent the information to General Neill, and by orderly to General Meade. On July 11, by direction of the assistant adjutant-general, a signal telegraph line was run out between general headquarters and those of General John Sedgwick, on the Hagerstown pike, 3 miles distant. No communication was had by flag signals this day on account of the thick haze. Two reconnaissances were made toward Hagerstown for Generals Howard and Kilpatrick by the officers attached to their re- spective commands. On July 12, a party was sent to open a line of signals between gen- eral headquarters and the brigade of General Neill, near Leiters- burg, but the attempt failed by reason of the thickness of the atmos- phere. The signal telegraph wire was this day extended to General Sedgwicks new headquarters at Funkstown, and another run out between general headquarters and those of General Slocum, 2~- miles distant and near Four Corners. Both lines worked with but slight interruptions until the night of the 14th, when they were withdrawn. Flag signals were worked between the headquarters of the Fifth Corps and others in the vicinity; also between General Howards headquarters, at Funkstown, and a station of observation in Hagers- town. On July 13, all signal communication previously established was still kept up. Two officers were sent to make a telescopic reconnais- sance from Elk Mountain. On July 14, the enemy were discovered to have crossed the river during the night before. At the close of this day all signal stations and lines were discontinued. On July 15, the headquarters of the army moved to Berlin. A signal station was opened at that place, communicating with a look- out station on Maryland Heights. This line remained in operation until the 18th. On July 16, the signal telegraph line was run from general head- quarters to the Eleventh Corps headquarters, 1-i- miles distant. Two officers were sent to make a telescopic reconnaissance from Loudoun Heights. Their reports were transmitted to the general command- ing by orderly. On July 17, communication was opened by flag signals between headquarters at Berlin and an outpost station at Point of Rocks. An officer was sent to occupy a point of observation on Short Mount- ain 6n July 18, general headquarters moved to Lovettsville, Va. A line of flag signals was worked between the Third and Fifth Corps. On July 19, headquarters of the army were moved to Wheatland, and communication established from thence to the lookout station on Short Mountain, and also between that mountain and the Fifth Corps headquarters. On July 20, the general headquarters moved to Union, and in th Page 205 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 205 evening signals by torch were worked between that place and a sta- tion of observation at Snickers Gap, on the Blue Ridge. The where- abouts and movements of the enemy in the Shenandoah Valley were discovered and correctly reported to the commanding general by the officers on this station. A party was ordered to open station and make a reconnaissance at Ashbys Gap. They arrived at that point at 8 p. in., but for some undiscovered reason failed to open commu- nication with general headquarters during the night. On July 21, the officers at Ashbys Gap made known the numbers, movements, and position of the enemy in the Valley to General G. A. Custer, and through General W. H. French to the general com- manding. At 8 p. m. two officers were ordered on a reconnaissance to Manassas Gap. The party at Snickers Gap station reported fre- quently during the day to the general commanding their observations of the enemy. On July 22, communication was opened by flag signals, via Union, with Snickers and Ashbys Gaps. General headquarters moved to Upperville. Attempts were made to open [communication] between this point and Ashbys Gap station, but failed from difficulty and delay experienced in finding a suitable point near headquarters. The officer at Manassas Gap transmitted by orderly to the general com- manding the results of his observations. A line of signals was opened between Ashbys Gap and the Fifth Corps headquarters, near Rec- tortown. A point at Manassas Gap was selected for telescopic recon- naissances by the officer attached to General Merritts command, from which he was driven shortly afterward by an attack of the enemy. On July 23, general headquarters moved to Piedmont at noon, and to Markham Station in the evening, and communication was opeiied from the latter place to Ashbys Gap, via Piedmont. At 6 p. m. the officer in charge of signals at the front of Manassas Gap established a line between General Meades headquarters, at Linden Station, Gen- eral French, with the advance, and General Sykes. This line was discontinued upon the withdrawal of our infantry the next morning. The officer with the Fifth Corps occupied a point overlooking Front Royal, and sent information of the enemy by flag signals to General Sykes. On July 24, at an early hour, I proceeded with four officers to the extreme advance of our army, but did not succeed in rendering any service before the enemy had evacuated Front Royal and its vicinity. In the afternoon, general headquarters moved to Salem. Signal com- munication was opened between General Newtons headquarters, at Warrenton, and General Howards~ at New Baltimore. This line was discontinued the next day upon the removal of the Eleventh Corps to Warrenton Junction. On July 25, headquarters of the army moved to Warrenton. A station of observation was established near Amissville for General Custer. On July 26, a signal telegraph line was run between general head- quarters and General Sedgwicks headquarters, on the Waterloo road, 2~ miles distant. Another line was also extended from headquarters to the office of the Morse telegraph, in Warrenton. A station of observation was put up on Watery Mountain, communicating by flag signals to general headquarters. On July 29, the line to Watery Mountain was continued to General Custers headquarters, at Amissville Page 206 206 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. On July 30 and 31, the communication opened on the 29th remained intact. in summing up the operations of the signal corps of this army for the month and a half herein recorded, I find that sixty-seven signal stations of observation and communication were occupied, eight signal telegraph lines established, and seventeen extra recon- naissances made. I have stated as concisely as possible the amount and character of the work performed. When it failed in a signal point of view it has been noted; but of the real value of the information obtained by the corps and the importance of other services rendered, the commanding general and the corps commanders are best able to judge. A map is herewith inclosed,* indicating by the signal flags placed upon it the majority of the points at which stations were occupied; by dotted red lines where communication by flag signals was estab- lished, and by plain red lines where the signal telegraph was used. During the late movements of the army, 3 signal officers and 6 flagmen were captured by the enemy. The only reported injnries were those of 2 flagmen slightly wounded at the battle of Gettys- burg. The capture of Capt. B. F. Fisher, chief acting signal officer, has been previously mentioned. Capt. C. S. Kendall and Lient. L. R. Fortescue, a4cting signal officers, were taken at Emmitsburg, where they had been on station, by Stnarts cavalry upon their retreat from Gettysburg, July 5. The following officers are entitled to mention for the active part taken by them in the late operations of the corps, and for the prompt and efficient manner in which they discharged every duty, both under the fire of the enemy and on the march: Capts. James S. Hall and P. A. Taylor, serving with Second Army Corps; Capts. P. Babcock, ~y., and T. II. Clark, serving with Eleventh Army Corps; Capts. Joseph Gloskoski and IRichard Diusmore, serving with Cavalry Corps; Capt. F. K Beardslee, in charge signal telegraph train; First Lients. J. C. Wiggins and N. H. Camp, serving with First Army Corps; First Lieut. George J. Clarke, serving with Sixth Army Corps; First Lieut. J. E. Holland, serving with Twelfth Army Corps. First Lieuts. William S. ~tryker, adjutant, and A. B. ~Capron, acting as- sistant quartermaster and acting ordnance officer of Signal Corps, have discharged the duties of their respective positions throughout the campaign with a care and faithfulness which entitles them to commendation. I take pleasure in still further mentioning Capt. ID. E. Castle, of this corps, for distinguished gallantry and close atten- tion to duty under most trying circumstances. On July 3, when the enemy made their furious attack upon our center at Gettysburg, Captain Castle occupied a signal station at General Meades headquar- ters, near Cemetery Hill, and remained there on duty after all others had been driven away. His fiagmen had also left with his signal equipments, under the impression that their officer had gone with the rest. Having occasion to send a couple of important messages to the general commanding, then at General Slocums headquarters, Cap- tain Castle quickly cut a pole, extemporized a signal flag from a bed- sheet procured near by, and sent his dispatches through under a most galling fire. It was to Captain Castles keensightedness and good judgment that I am indebted for the first information obtained of the enemys position and movements in the Shenandoah Valley on July * To appear in Atlas Page 207 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE CTETTYSBUI7I CAMPAJC~X. 207 21. His discoveries were made known to the commanding general at that time. T have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. B. NORTON, Gaptain, and Chief Signal Officer, Army of the Potomac. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac. No. 18. Report of Capt. William J. L. Nicodemus, Signal Officer. GEORGETOWN, P. C., July 21, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that, in obedience to Special Orders, No. 106, dated Office of the Signal Officer, Washington, July 6, 1863, I reported to General French, at Frederick. July 7.On the 7th instant, with 12 officers and 27 enlisted men, General French ordered me to report to General Meade, who orde~ ed me to the front, then the South Mountain Pass; ordered Lieutenants [Charles] Herzog and [Thomas P.] Rushby to Maryland Heights; Lieutenant Fisher to Cramptons Pass; Captain Daniels, with Captain Demeke and Lieutenants [William J.] Galbraith, Briggs, Denicke, Sum in, and [S. Cary] Tuckerman, to the front, with the following lnstructions: You will open communication between Frederick City and South Mountain Pass, and cstablish observation stations to command the Boonshorough Valley. July 8.Left Frederick City on the 8th instant, accompanied by Captain MeCreary. Lieutenant [William S.] Andrews being sick, was left at Frederick City, with orders to report to me as soon as able. Broke up stations along the route as fast as Morses telegraph com- munication was established. Captain Daniels opened communication at 12 m. between battle-field and South Mountain station. Result of the days fighting was driving the enemy to Beaver Creek Bridge, on Boonsboro%h and Hagerstown pike, 3~ miles north of Boonsborough. All movements of the enemy were observed from Washington Monu- ment, on South Mountain, by Captain [Ernst A.] and Lieutenant [C. F. M.] Denicke, and promptly reported to the different head- quarters concerned. July 9.General Buford on the 9th drove the enemy about 2 miles. A line of signal stations commanded the enemys front. A timely report of Captain McCreary prevented our left from being flanked this day. July 10.Heavy skirmishing on the left; enemy driven to Funks- town; his dispositions accurately reported to the general commandi1~g. July 11.Captain McCreary reported: Enemy falling back, breaking up camps at Hagerstown, and moving toward Will- iamsport, trains going in direction of Shepherdstown. Condition of enemys intrenchments at Funkstown reported by Captain Daniels. July 12.Enemy driven to intrenchments west and southwest of Hagerstown, and signal stations established iu different parts of the town, 9.30 a. m Page 208 208 N. C., VA., W. VA.~ MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. July 13.Progress of the enemys earthworks reported. No fi~ht ing. July 14.Evacuation of the enemy reported at 4 a. in. by Cap- tain Daniels. At 9.30 a. m. reported to General Conch near Chain- bersburg: Enemy crossing at Williamsport; Army of Potomac in close pursuit. This message reached General Conch five hours before General Meades dispatch to that effect. At 10.30 a. m. reported to General Averell at Chambersburg, who reported at once to General Kelley at Fairview. General Kelley at once threw his whole force in motion for Williamsport. On arriving at Williamsport, found the enemy had succeeded in crossing the river; drew in my party, and returned to the signal camp of instruction on the 17th instant. I forward reports of the officers of my command, except of Lieu- tenant Andrews, left sick at Frederick, and Captain and Lieutenant Denicke, ordered to report to General Kelley at Hancock. The re- ports of the last two will be forwarded as soon as practicablei I transmit herewith a few of the messages sent to the colonel command- ing not mentioned in the reports of Captain Daniels and Lieutenant Swain. In conclusion, I would add that the weather was exceedingly un- favorable for signals; that the party, officers and men, worked cheer- fully and hard, and that I am particularly indebted to Captains Daniels and McCreary and Lieutenant Swain for what was accom- plished. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, WM. J. L. NICODEMUS, Captain, & c., Commanding. Capt. H. S. TAFFT, Signal Officer. No. 19. Report of Capt. Na hum Daniels, Signal Officer. GEORGETOWN, D. C., July 18, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report: Agreeably to orders received at Frederick, Md., July 7, at 6 p. m. I started with Captain Denicke, Lieutenants Denicke, Galbraith, Briggs, and Swain to open communication by signals from the ad- vance of our army, then near Boonsborough, to Frederick. I left Lieutenant Galbraith at South Mountain Pass, with instructions to open an intermediate station at that point between Frederick and Washington Monument. On the morning of the 8th instant, I ordered Captain Denicke and Lieutenant Denicke to open a sta- tion on Washington Monument; also procured a detail of men to cut away the timber which obstructed the view near the monu- ment. At 8 a. m. I ordered Lieutenant Swain to open a station at Boonsborongh, then our extreme advance. Lieutenant Briggs also proceeded to open a station on the Blue [Elk] Ridge, about 4 miles from Boonsborough. At 10 a. m. our forces commenced skirmishing with the enemy. I immediately proceeded to the front, and opened com- munication with the Washington Monumep, about 1 mile from Boonsborough. on the Hagerstown pike. I directed Lieutenan Page 209 CHAP. XXXIXI THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 209 Swain to take charge of the station at this point. At 11 a. m. II sent the following message to Captain Nicodemus: Our advance is engaged with the enemy. Captain Denicke reported no com- munication yet with Frederick. It being now quite clear, I ordered Captain Denicke to report by signal to me the movements of the enemy, which I reported to the commanding officer in front. Our forces were now engaged a dis- tance of 3 miles in front. Lieutenant Swain remained at his post receiving messages, subject to a severe fire. I cannot too highly mention his bearing while under fire. At 1 p. m. the engagement became quite warm, Captain Denicke reporting constantly to me the every movement of. the enemy, which was immediately reported to General Buford, while he by such reports was enabled to be fully prepared to meet every movement of the enemy, knowing in advance what their force was, and the kind of force. At 3p. in., finding that communication was not open to Frederick, I ordered Lieutenant Denicke to assist Lieutenant Gaibraith in opening through to that place. The following messages were sent to General Buford: The enemy are advancing in front and on our right. A large cavalry force in front. DANIELS, Captain. General BUFORD: Infantry are advancing on our right. DANIELS, Captain. Enemy are advancing; skirmishing on our right. DANIELS. Captain. General BUFoRD: Enemy have just placed a battery on left of road, behind a large barn. DANIELS, Captain. SIGNAL STATION, NEAR BooNsBonouGH. Captain NIcODEMuS: Our forces are now hotly engaged with the enemy. Send forage to Captain Denicke, now here. DANIELS, Captain. General BuronD: Enemys skirmishers are advancing on our right. DANIELS, Captain. JULY 9. Captain NIcODEMus: Enemys cavalry pickets are 1 mile in advance. DANIELS, Captain. JULY 10, 1863. General BUFORD: Three regiments of infantry are on the right of road, 2 miles above, and two trains. DANIELS, Captain. 14 E RYOL xxvII, PT Page 210 210 N. c., VA., w. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. General BUFORD: The enemy have cavalry pickets 2 miles to our right. A wagon train is moving from there toward Frederick. DANIELS, Captain. JULY 11, 1863. General Commanding: The enemys cavalry are crossing the creek on our left in force. DANIELS, Captain. General Commanding: Enemy are advancing infantry across the Antietam, about 1 mile to our left. DANIELS, C~aptain, and Signal Officer. General Commanding: The enemy are advancing infantry and cavalry across the Antietam about 1 mile to our left. DANIELS, C~aptain, and Signal Officer. General SEDGWICK: GENERAL: The enemy are intrenching on the crest of a hill one-half mile east of Funkstown, and have batteries on the hill north of Funkstown, supported by in fantry. DANIELS, Captain, and Signal Officer. JULY 13, 1863. General Commanding: GENERAL: The enemy are intrenching on the crest of the hill 1 mile east of Funks- town, and have batteries on the hills north of Funkstown, supported by infantry. DANIELS, Captain, and Signal Officer. SEMINARY SrArIoN6 a. m. Generals MEADE and SEDUwIcK: GENERALS: Enemys skirmishers are advancing on our rightthe right of town. DANIELS, C~aptain, and Signal Officer. JULY 15, 1863. General SEDGWICK; The enemy occupy the same position as last night. All quiet. JULY 15, 1863. General SEDGwIcK: The enemy are hard at work on breastworks, and placing artillery in position. SWAIN. GENERAL: Citizens report siege guns northwest of town on the works. Major-General MEADE: GENERAL: I have ascertained upon good authority the position of rebel forces now in front. General Hoods headquarters are 1~ miles in front of the Female Semi- nary on the pike; General Longstreet on his right, Generals ileth and Ransom be- tween Longstreet and the river. General Lees headquarters near Saint James College. The enemy have a line of rifle-pits extending from the National pike to the river below Williarnsport, and la rear of the rifle-pits are circular redonbts, in which are placed their guns, five of which near the town are 32-pounders. N. DANIELS. Captain, and Signal Officer. July 14, 1863.At 4 a. m. discovered that the enemy had evacu- ated their works; tried to communicate the facts through Lieutenan Page 211 Ca~i. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGY. 211 Tuckerman by signals to Generals Meade and Sedgwick, bnt was un- able to call him; bnt immediately communicated the fact by tel~- graph to Col. A. J. Myer, to the generals commanding, and to Captain Nicodemns by signals at 6 a. m. I immediately ordered Lientenants Swain and Galbraith to take their stations on the enemys works, which they did, Lientenant Galbraith being the first to enter them. He immediately communicated to me the fact, by signals, that the enemy had left at 2 a. m. I then proceeded to Williamsport with Lientenants Swain, Tnckerman, and Galbraith, and opened a sta- tion on the magazine at that place; also directed Lieutenants Swain, Galbraith, and Tnckerman to ope1 cbrnmunication by signals with Falling Waters, which they nearly accomplished that night. I at the same time was trying to open with Captain Denicke at Fair- view, bnt was unable to do so. I would most respectfully call yonr attention to the nniform good condnct and gallantry while nnder fire of Privates A. V. Richards and Edward H. Haskell, both doing their dnty manfully nnder fire; would also state that several important messages were not taken down at the time when sent, and were forgotten. All of which I most respectfully snbmit. I have the honor to remain, yonr obedient servant, N. DANIELS, Captain, and Signal Qificer. Capt. WILLIAM J. L. NIcODEMUS, Signal Officer. No. 20. Report of Capt. William G. ]JfcCreary, Signal 9/Jicer. SIGNAL CAMP OF INSTRUCTION, July 20, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of op- erations from July 6 to July 16, 1863, during the retreat of the rebel forces under General Lee frofr~ Maryland: I received my orders July 6, and same evening started for Fred- erick; arrived there on the evening of the 7th instant. On the 8th, the Army of the Potomac being on the move, I started for South Mountain, where our advance line rested. Was ordered back to Middletown by you, to open a station there. Upon my arrival there, I found General Meade had established his headquarters, and Captain Norton agreeing to relieve me with one of his officers, I returned to report to you at the pass. Early next morning, with the advance of our troops, in company with yourself, advanced beyond Boons- borougli, when I was directed by you to report to the right, with the right brigade of General Bufords cavalry division, General Merritt commanding, Captain Daniels being in the center and Lieutenant Tuckerman on the left of same division, to keep open communication along the line. Soon after taking our positions, an advance was made along the line, and we advanced with them. At the crossing of Beaver Creek, the enemy were established with infantry, cavalry, and artillery, to dispute our advance, but after a severe skirmish were driven back Page 212 212 m c., VA., w. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Ci~r. XXXIX. Early next morning, July 10, moved forward, and drove them to Antietam, a distance of 4 miles. During this movement, I was in communication with Captain Daniels, but the rapid movements of our forces prevented sending many messages; but from our points of observation much valuable information was furnished the command- ing officers, for which we received their personal thanks. On the 11th instant, I was requested by you to proceed to Black Rock, an elevated and naked rock on South Mountain Range, but on my arrival found the valley so covered with fog that I was unable to see anything, and returned to the valley. On the 12th, again went to Black Rock, and on that day and the 13th endeavored to get communication, but in vain. On the evening of the 13th, left and went to Funkstown. Early on the morning of the 14th, received communication from Captain Daniels that the enemy had vacated their works. This com- munication you furnished General Howard. About 5.15 a. in., with yourself, rode forward to their works, where Lieutenant Galbraith opened a station. At this point met some citizens who had been im- pressed by the rebels on the previous night and compelled to act as guides, and when within 2 miles of Williamsport had been permitted to return. Their report that there were no rebels on this side of Williamsport was transmitted to General Meade by you. After con- sulting you, concluded our best course was to proceed and try to get the same information to General Kelley, at Fairview. On arriving at the junction of the Fairview and Greencastle turnpike, an orderly, Private Voohees, of the Sixth New York Cavalry, who had been as- signed me, was sent with dispatches to meet the Pennsylvania troops, said to be coming from Chambersburg. Near Greencastle he met the column under General Dana, who, considering the dispatches important,~ sent him to General Couch, at Chambersburg. General Couch thanked the signal officer for the timely information (these arrived five hours in advance of the dispatches from General Meade), and caused a rapid movement of these forces. At the Conococheague Bridge a Union paroled soldier and a rebel of the Sixth North Carolina Infantry were picked up. The former had been across the Potomac, and reported that the enemy were almost entirely across. The rebel was sent to General Kelley. On approaching Clear Spring, met the advance of General Averells cavalry brigade, cautiously feeling their way. On being informed there was no enemy in their front, they halted until we could inform Generals Averell and Kelley; upon doing so, General Kelley mime- diately moved his whole division rapidly in the direction of Will- iamsport. After resting our horses, we followed, overtaking the col- umn, and arrived at Williamsport to find the enemy gone, as we had reported. Although the weather was snch that but comparatively little could be accomplished by signals, yet I received the personal thanks of Generals Merritt, Kelley, and Averell for much valuable and reliable information furnished them. From this point returned to camp. The following are some of the communications sent and received: JULY 9. General MERRITT: A battery of the enemy is visible on the crest of the hill. I can also see bayo- nets, indicating that it is supported by infantry. No cavalry visible except pickets. McCREARY, ~Signal Qffic~r Page 213 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 213 JULY 10. General MERRITT: Three squadrons of rebel cavalry have passed to our right, and are concealed be- hind the woods. We have not any skirmishers in that direction. McCREARY, Signal Officer. To Gocinmander of the Right: Cease firing in your front. Captain McCreary, signal officer, rel)orts three squad- rons of cavalry passing to your right. Throw out skirmishers, and keep a sharp lookout to prevent bein~, flanked. MERRITT, General. General Howard wishes to know anything relative to the enemys movements in front. T. R. CLARK. All quiet. Enemy are throwing up earthworks near Antietam Creek. McCREARY. Our cavalry are retiring from the right. The enemys cavalry and infantry are advancing on the left. DANIELS. JULY 13. Captain NIcoDEMUs: The enemy are reported by a citizen from within their lines to have broken up their camps, and to be moving all their wagon trains toward Falling Waters. Respectfully, your obedieut servant, W. G. McCREARY, Captain, Signal Gorps, U. S. Army. Capt. WILLIAM J. L. NIcoDEMUs, Signal Officer. No. 21. Report of Lieut. George A. Fisher, Acting Signal Officer. GEORGETOWN, D. C., July 18, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the houor to submit the following report of duty performed since July 6, 1863: On the evening of the 6th, was ordered to precede the main party, with Lieutenants Herzog and Rushby, and with our men accompany and guard the wagou traiu to Frederick, Md., where we arrived on the 8th instant, and immediately reported to you at your headquar- ters. About an hour afterward I received orders from you to proceed without delay to Crainptons Gap, in the South Mountain Range, and open communication with Middletown, Maryland Heights, and~ South Mountain, if possible, and take observations of the movements of the enemy. I endeavored that evening to open communication, but was unable to find a point where I could see more than one of the s~tions, and, after calling Maryland Heights for some time, was obliged to give it up for the night. Early next morning I moved across the gap, and proceeded along the ridge about 3 miles, and selected a station from which, with some labor, I was enabled to communicate with both Middletown and Maryland Heights, thus completing the line of statiou~ betweei~ IViaryland Heights and Hagerstown Page 214 214 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Ci~. XXXIX. On the 12th instant, Captains [Joseph] Gloskoski and [Richard] IDiusmore received orders from Captain Norton to close up the station at Middletown and rejoin his command. I was then obliged to find some other station with which to keep up the line of commnnication, and was enabled to do so with Lieutenant Briggs, who was at Elk Ridge, in Qommunication with South Mountain. Owing to the state of the weather, for the most of the time we were unable to take many observations, but embraced every opportunity that presented itself. I submit a few of the messages transmjtted: MARYLAND HEIGHTS, July 14, 1863. Captain NIcODElVIUS: Our troops crossed and reoccupied Harpers Ferry and Bolivar Heights to-day. Can see no indication or movement of any troops in or near Martinsburg. HERZOG, Lieutenant. JULY 15, 1863. Captain NIcoDEMus: All quiet at Maryland Heights; very few troops here. HERZOG. July 15, I was ordered to close up station and report to you at Frederick without delay. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. A. FISHER, Lieutenant, Acting Signal Officer. No. 22. Report of Lieut. Ephraim A. Brig gs, Acting Signal Officer. INSTRUCTION CAMP, U. S. SIGNAL CoRPs, July 19, 1863. CAPTAIN: In compliance with an order received this morning to make an official report of all duty performed by me as acting signal officer of the Washington Reserve Signal Corps since the 6th in- ~tant, I submit the following: At 5 p. m. of the 6th instant, I received orders to be prepared to leave camp ~vith the party going to the front for active duty in the field. At 8 p. m. the 6th instant, said party left camp, Georgetown, D. C., proceeding toward Frederick, riding all night, arriving at Fred- erick, Md., 5 p. m. of the 7th instant, when I was ordered to proceed toward South Mountain without delay, in company with Capt. N. Daniels. We proceeded to South Mountain, opening signal station on the Washington Monument at 9 a. m. of the 8th instant, the heavy rain faing all night preventing its being sooner accomplished. By order of Captain Daniels, I proceeded to Elk Mountain to open signal station communication with one on Washington Monument. Arriving at Elk Mountain 11 a. in., I opened station, and called Mon- ument until 1 p. in.; had no reply; atmosphere was clear. I saw the enemys pickets within 2 miles of this point. At,2. 3Op. in., commenced ~nd called Monument all the afternoon, exce ting from 4 p. m. unti Page 215 CHAP. XXXIX.]] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 215 5.30 p. in., without receiving reply; 4 p. m. received following message by orderly: To Signal Officer: Ascertain and send immediate report whether the rebels are in Sharpsburg or Keedysville. Their evident intention is to take Sharpsburg. Make report in writing, and send by orderly. A. B. JEROME, First Lieutenant, and Acting Assistant Signal Officer. At 4.15 p. in. sent following answer: Lieutenant JEROME: I can see no signs of enemy occupying Sharpsburg or Keedysville. Their cavalry were in both places this morning, I am informed by reliable citizens. If you can communicate with Washington Monument, tell them to answer my call. E. A. BRIGGS, First Lieutenant, and Acting Signal Officer. At 9 p. m. returned to Boonsborough, and procured rations and forage for my men and animals, oil, & c. At 10.30 a. in., received following by orderly:. Lieutenant BRIGGs: Proceed to station on Elk Ridge, which you occupied last night, and communi- cate with station one-half mile northeast of Boonsborough. If you cannot see that station, communicate with the Monument. NICODEMUS, Captain, Signal Officer. July 9.The day srndky; not able to do anything. July 10.Called the Monument from 8.30 a. m. an hour and thirty minutes before any reply. At 3 p. m. received from Monument signal station: To ELK MOUNTAIN: You wilf go to the gap, and open with Bakersville and the white flag at the foot of the Monument. By order of NORTON, Captain. In obedience to above, I spent from that time till 6 p. in. answering and swinging, as I saw three or four white flags swinging in vicinity of Bakersville, though facing too much to my right. Swung torch during the evening withont any ~nccess. Called the Monument to report I was not able to communicate with Bakersville; after an hours work, gave them up. July 11.The morning thick and hazy. Clear at 10.30 a. m. At 1 p. m. received from Washington Monument: Lieutenant BRIGGS: I want comnmnication with Maryland Heights, through Boonsborough and Lieu- tenant Fisher. NICODEMUS, Captain. 5 p. m.Sent frowi lElk Monutain: Captain NIcODEMIJS: I have seen Fisher, at Cram-tons Pass, anc7 have communication open with Mary- land Heights when atmosphere permits. E. A. BRIGGS, Lieutenant, Acting Signal Officer Page 216 216 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. lOp. m.Sent from Elk Mountain: Captain NICODEMUS: Maryland Heights are in full view of this point, or at Cramptons house. On this range, both Maryland Heights and Monument are to be seen, and commanding miles of the river and fords at the same time; the latter not to be seen from this point excepting at Dam No. 4. E. A. BRJGGS, Lieutenant, Acting Signal Officer. Through messenger, I called Monument till 12 a. m. and got no reply, and sent it by an orderly. July 12.Thick and excessively smoky all day; not able to see anything. 12 rn.Received by Orderly Knapp: Lieutenant BRIGGS: You will open signal station on Elk Mountain, beyond Keedysville, communicating with Maryland Heights, Cramptons Pass, Washington Monument, and, when Downsville station is open, with Fairview. You will report to me through Wash- ington Monument station, or in any way possible. My headquarters are with the right wing. Answer all flags. You will be relieved when station is not needed. NICODEMUS, Captain, Signal Officer. Sent the following at 1 p. in.: Captain NIcoDEMUs: My men are in need of rations and my animals of forage. Please light a fire at 9 p. in., that I may find your locality. In order to run this station successfully, re- quires more men. Your obedient servant, BRIGGS, Lieutenant, and Acting Signal Officer. 3.30 p. m.lleavy shower until 5.30 p. m. Worked until 12 m. Could not get the Monument. Went to bed. July 13.Day rainy and thick. Cut the timber and bushes from top of mountain, so as to command all points. Built a to~er. Had calls from several signal officers of Army of the Potomac viewing the country and Antietam battle-ground. ELK MOUNTAIN, 12 m. Captain NIcoDEMUs: The weather has prevented my getting Bakersville or Downsville. Communica- tion to Maryland Heights is perfect. I tried to communicate with you via the Mon- ument yesterday without any success. E. A. BRIGGS, Lieutenant, and Acting Signal Officer. July 14, 8 a. m~.Sent from Elk Mountain: Captain NIcoDEMus: Captain Norton orders me to Cramptons house, on this range of mountains. I await your order. BRIGGS, Lieutenant, and Acting Signal Officer. Kept a close watch all day for flags, and till 1 a. m. July 15 for lights near Mount Moriah or Donnellies Hill. 8. 3Op. in. Received from Fisher, at CramptOns Pass: Captain NIcoDEMus: Our troops crossed and reoccupied Harpers Ferry and Bolivar Heights. Saw Martinsburg to-day; no movement to indicate troops there. HERZOG, Lieutenant. and Acting Signal Officer Page 217 CHAP XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 217 Called Monument one hour, and closed up, unable to forward the message. July 15.Smoky all morning and afternoon. Orderly brought following message: Lieutenants Herzog, Rushby, Briggs, and Fisher, with parties, will report to me at Frederick without delay. NICODEMUS, Captain, Signal Officer Comdg. Washington Reserve Signal Party. Sent same to Lieutenant Fisher without any delay, and immediately repaired to Frederick and awaited further orders. July 17, 12 m.Party left Frederick, proceeding toward Rockville; at Nielsville, by order of Captain Nicodemus, I remained there until the wagon train came up and took charge of them, not going in camp until next morning. Arose at 3 a. in.; prepared for an early start on the road at 5 a. in.; moved moderately, reaching George- town, D. C., at 1~.3O p. m. of 18th instant. I would most respectfully mention Private Temple for his untiring attention to duties on station and uniform good behavior. Private Boynton seems to be a most willing man, ever ready, but lacking ex- perience. I would also say I never have been found absent from post. III am, yours, respectfully, E. A. BRIGGS, Lieutenant, and Acting Signal Officer. Capt. WILLIAM J. L. NICODEMUS, Signal Officer. No. 23. Report of Lieut. Julius 111. Swain, Acting Signal Officer. GEORGETOWN, D. C., July 18, 1863. CAPTAIN: I beg leave to submit the following report, which I re- gret contains but an imperfect record of the messages sent while with the signal party recently under your command in Maryland: I had the misfortune to lose my memorandum book containing a copy of the messages sent to General Buford from station near Boonsborough during the engagement on the afternoon of the 8th instant, as well as some others of later date. In accordance, with your orders, I left Frederick on the evening. of the 7th instant, and proceeded to South Mountain Gap, in company with Captain Denicke, at which point we were ordered to report to Captain Daniels, July 8. We arrived at 3 a. in., and as it was rain- ing very hard and Captain Daniels could not be found, we lay by till daylight. Captain Daniels arrived at the Mountain House at 8 oclock, and as soon as the weather would permit, about 9 a. in., I was ordered to Boonsborough, where I arrived at 10 oclock, and reported to Gen- eral Kilpatrick, after which I opened station on hill in rear of town, which commanded a good view of our front. Saw the enemys battery open on us at 10.30 a. in., and shortly afterward, when they changed position and advanced toward Boone- borough by the pike, reported f~~t to co~ni~anding offiCaI~, Page 218 218 x. c., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. At 12 m. Captain Daniels opened station near the ilagerstown pike, abont 1 mile beyond Boonsborough, and ordered me to join him, which I did at once. I remained there dnring Pie day in communication with Captain Denicke, on Washington Monument, whose station overlooked the enemy, and sent frequent messages from him to General Buford, then in comi and. At 3 p. m. sent the following: Captain DENIcKE: Lieutenant Denicke will open communication between you and Frederick. DANIELS, Captain. July 9.Enemy retreated last evening abont 2 miles toward Funkstown, and Captain Daniels went to front this morning, leaving me on the station opened yesterday. On yonr arrival, about noon, yon ordered me to send freqnent dispatches to Colonel Myer at Washington, apprising him of all movei ents of interest. Sent following: BooNsnoRouGn, July 97. 30p. m. Heavy skirmishing has just opened about 3 miles from here, on Hagerstown road. NICODEMUS, Gaptain. July 10.Removed station to hill near Boonsborongh, and opened communication with Lieutenant Tuckerman on left of ofir line, with Captain Denicke on Monumeni, and Captain Stone on Sharpsburg pike, near General Frenchs headquarters. Received orders to report all important messages by telegraph to General Meade and Colonel Myer. During the day sent the following telegrams: BooNsBonouGn, July 107 a. m. Col. ALBERT J. MYER: Heavy skirmishing has just commenced about 4 miles from here, toward Will- iamsport. The Sixth Army Corps is in advance, on way to front. NICODEMUS, Captain. SIGNAL STATION NEAR BooNsBonouan, July 108 a. m. Col. ALBERT J. MYER: The skirmishing has become quite general, with heavy artillery firing. The First Corps just passed here, on way to front. NICODEMUS, Captain. BooNsBonouGH, July 1010 a. m. Col. ALBERT J. MYER: Heavy firing still continues near Funkstown. In my dispatch of this mbrning, I should have said Hagerstown instead of Williamsport. NICODEMUS, Captain. BooNsnonoucnl, July 1011.30 a. m. Colonel MYER: Has been no firing for an hour. Eleventh Corps, General Howard, just passed, ~nd have taken the Williamsport road. The men are in excellent spirits. NICODEMUS, Captain Page 219 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 219 BooNsBoRouc*n1 p. m. Col. ALBERT J. MyER: Our right has driven the enemy to Funkstown, 2 miles from ilagerstown. NICODEMUS, Captain. 3.30 p. m. Col. ALBERT J. MYER: The infantry relieved the cavalry at 2 p. in. Sharp firing since. The enemy still occupies Funkstown and the crossing of the Big Antietam. NICODEMUS, Captain. SIGNAL STATION, Boonsborough6 p. m~ Major-General MEADE: I have been informed by the citizens that it is reported a large amount of ~mmu- nition is expected by the rebs to-day from Richmond. By order of Major-General French: C. F. STONE, Captain, and Signal Officer. July 11, agreeably to your order, I reported t6 you at station 1 mile east of Funkstown with party this noon. Remained on your statiou during afteruoou and night. Ii had communication with Lieutenant Galbraith, and with Captain [William H.] Hill and Lieu~ tenant [Isaac S.] Lyon, of Fifth Corps. STATION NEAR FUNK5TOWN, July 12, 15638.30 p. m. Colonel MYER: Our lil e has crossed the creek beyond Funkstown. NICODEMUS, Captain. Sent copy of above to General Meade. Remained on station till 9.30 a. in., when you ordered me to follow you to Hagerstown. Arrived there at 10 oclock, just as the enemy was shelling our battery near seminary, after their rear had passed out of town. Opened station nearly 1 mile beyond seminary, at right of Greencastle pike, but, not having a good situation, I moved by your permission to the northwest of Hagerstown, near Catholic cemetery, where IL had an excellent view of all movenents on our right. At 12 m. I sent you the following by orderly: STATION NEAR HAGERSTOWN. Captain NIcoDEMUs: I made a circuit after I left you till I came in sight of enemys left; then I placed my party in the hollow, and watched them over the hill. Their left is advancing slowly.but surely, and now occupies ground hich I left within half an hour. I sent note to Captain Oliphant, commanding Fifth Michigan Cavalry, who are the outer vedettes. From what I can see I think the rebels are in considerable force over the crest of the hill. We can see them here with the naked eye. My flag is behind the hill, though in plain sight of you at left of Catholic cemetery. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JULIUS M. SWAIN, Lieutenant, and Acting Signal Officer. At 3 p. m. I notified you that about 500 cavalry had come down the hill toward me, a portion of whom were in line of battle; also that I saw 20 mounted men, with axes, ride rapidly to right of our line. At 5.30 p. m. IL sent you the following: SIGNAL STATION5.30 p. m. Captain NIconEMus: For two hours before the rain I saw a commanding officer, with low black hat and heavy black beard, with his staff and orderlies, 24 in number. He was ev Page 220 220 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. dently making a reconnaissance, and now I see his headquarters are pitched on crest of the hill, in plain sight. About 500 cavalry are massed in front, and their picket line is very strong. Comiinanding officers are now evidently directing their movements, and I see three squads on the hill, where the officers are pointing to our right and making various gestures. It looks as if the cavalry were preparing to make a charge into town. The graybacks are getting very impudent, and are firing on our skirmishers in all directions, especially on extreme right, where they have been quiet all day. Since I commenced to write, the cavalry I spoke of have mounted, and seem to be in readiness for a move. A citizen, whom I saw a mile from here, tells me that the enemy has a line of intrenchments just over the hill, as he was there yesterday and saw the works. Very respectfully, JULIUS M. SWAIN, Lieutenant, and Acting Signal Officer. July 13.Notified you at 6 a. m. that the enemy was hard at work throwing up breastworks, and later in the forenoon sent yon a mes- sage that they had placed three sections of battery in positiop, bear- ing about 30 degrees east of north, in a direction to repel an attack from our right. Notified you several times during the day of the progress of the enemys work. At 7.30 p. m. sent the following message: Our cavalry, under General Kilpatrick, who were massed in the hollow on our right, were forced to retire when about to charge on the enemy. Rained nearly all night, and on the morning of the 14th was hazy till 6 oclock, when we discovered that the enemy had abandoned his works. Sent you message to that effect, and was ordered to open station on the hill recently occupied by them. Proceeded there at once, and in half an hour was ordered to report to you at Williams- port, in company with Lieutenant Galbraith. On my arrival, was ordered to Falling Waters, and at 3.30 opened station there, and com- municated with Captain Daniels at Williamsport. Sent following message: Captain DANIELS: No signs of the enemy. They all crossed here before noon. Remained on sta- tion till 7.30 p. ni., when I found that I could. not communicate with any one, as the station at Williamsport had been broken up. July 15.Reported to camp near Funkstown, and was ordered by Captain McCreary to return to Hagerstown, to rest the horses and remain till party came up. July 16.Came to Frederick, where we spent the night. July 17.Returned to signal camp, Georgetown, D. C. Before closing this report, I wish to call your attention to Private Ezra M. Chaffee, Sixth Michigan Cavalry, Company F, who acted as orderly eight days, and by his promptiiess, strict attention to duty, and cheerful disposition rendered me much assistance. I respect- fully recommend that he be detailed for duty in this corps, as I feel that he would make an excellent flagman. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JULIUS M. SWAIN, Second Licut. Thirty~uinth Massachusetts Vols., Acting Signal Officer, Capt. WILLIAM J. L. NICoDEMUs. ,$iUnal Officer Page 221 CHAP. XXXI2~.] 221 TIlE GtTTYSBUEG CA1~IPAICU~. No. 24. Reports of Brig. Gem. Rufus Ingalts, U. S. Army, Chief Quarter inaster)~ HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Camp near Culpeper, Va., September 29, 1863. GENERAL: In compliance with your General Orders, No. 13, of July 22 last, I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera- tions of the quartermasters department of the Army of the Potomac during the fiscal year ending June 30: * * * * * * * On June 14, we broke up our headquarters camp near Falmouth, and pursued the route by Dnmfries, Fairfax, Leesburg, Edwards Ferry, and Poolesville, to Frederick City, on our se3ond Maryland Campaign. The army was in excellent condition, and transportation was perfect, and our sources of supply same as in first campaign. The officers in our department were thoroughly trained in their duties. lit was almost as easy to maneuver the trains as the troops. It is, therefore, unnecessary to go further into the details of the march. The rebel army had again invaded Maryland, and had even ad- vanced as far as Carlisle and York, in Pennsylvania. The Army of the Potomac was again in pursuit of its inveterate foe, and finally met him in pitched battle of three days fighting, and compelled him to again recross the Potomac. General Meade, justly the conqueror and hero of Gettysburg, as- sumed command of the army on June 28. On the last day of the fiscal year, two days later, I was at Taney- town, with headquarters of the army. * * * * * * * RUFUS INGAL~LS, Chief Quartermaster. The QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL OF THE ARMY. OFFICE OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, ARMIES OPERATING AGAINST RICHMOND, City Point, Va., August 28, 1864. GENERAL: In compliance with your General Orders, No. 29, of the 6th ultimo, calling for an annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, I have the honor to submit the following: * * * * * * * On July 1, the headquarters remained at that point [Taneytown, Md.], while the army was being concentrated at Gettysburg. The First and Eleventh Corps opened the great battle of Gettysburg on that day. The wagon trains and all impedimenta had been assem- bled at Westminster, on the pike and railroad leading to Baltimore, at a distance of about 25 aniles in rear of the army. No baggage was allowed in front. Officers and men went forward without tents and * Extracts from annual reports Page 222 222 [CHAP. XXXIX. with only a short supply of food. A portion oniy of the ammunition wagons and ambulances was brought up to the immediate rear of our l~ies. This arrangement, which is always made in this army on the eve of battle and marches in presence of the enemy, enables ex- perienced and active officers to supply their commands without risk- ing the loss of trains or obstructing roads over which the columns march. Empty wagons can be sent to the rear, and loaded ones, or pack trains, brought up during the night, or at such times and places as will not interfere with the movements of troops. On this campaign, from the Rappahannock to the James, our trains, large as they were necessarily, being over four thousand heavy wagons, never delayed the march of a column, and, excepting small- animunition trains, were never seen by our troops. The main trains were conducted on roads to our rear and left without the loss of a wagon. On the morning of July 2, 1 arrived at Gettysburg, and was present during the battle which resulted so favorably to our arms. Arrange- ments were made to issue supplies at Westminster, brought over the branch road from Baltimore, and at Frederick by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Telegraphic communications extended from these points to Baltimore, Washington, & c., and our army communicated every third hour with them by means of relays of cavalry couriers. Ample supplies of forage, clothing, and subsistence were received and issued to till every necessary want without in any instance retarding military movements. All stores thrown forward over these routes and not issued were returned to the main depot at Washington, and again forwarded on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad after the army had crossed to the south side of the Potomac. After the retreat of the rebel army from Gettysburg, General Meade on July 6 ordered the concentration of the Army of the Potomac at Middletown on the evening of the 7th. The trains were directed to join their respective corps; all those that were at Westminster to pass through Frederick, to enable them to till up with supplies. The headquarteis were in Frederick the night of the 6th. The army was moved on the 9th from Middletown to the vicinity of Boonsborough. The order of the day directed that no trains but ammunition wagons, medical wagons, and ambulances should accom- pany the troops. Supply and baggage wagons were to be parked in the Middletown Valley, on the roads taken bytheir respective corps. No special guards were to be left with the trains. Every man able to do duty was required to be in the ranks. It was here known to the general commanding that the enemy had not crossed to the south bank, as had been rumored, but was in force, and intrenched on the north bank, from Williamsport to Shepherds- town; hence the precautions in regard to the trains and preparations for battle. On the 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th, the Army of the Potomac was engaged in taking up positions in front of the enemy and in making reconnaissances. 1~uring this time the trains i erflained in Middletown Valley. Our headquarters were on the Antietam, upon the road from Boonsborough to Williamsport. The army was kept supplied with all that was absolutely essential and nothing more. At our head- quarters, for example, we only had a few tent flies, blankets, a few small portable paper cases, and two or three days cooked food. On the night of the 13th, the rebel army crossed into Virginia. This fact was well established in the mind of the general commanding th Page 223 CHAP. XXflX~] TIlE GETTYSBURG CAMPATG~. 223 Army of the Potomac by 12 oclock on the 14th. He issued orders on that day, moving the army on the 15th as follows: The Twelfth and Second Corps to move [by way] of Downsville, Bakersville, I1W~rcers- ville, Sharpsbnrg, and the Antietam Iron Works, and encamp in Pleas- ant Valley, near Harpers Ferry. The Fifth and First Corps by Will- iamsport and Boonsborongh road, via Jones Cross-Roads; thence to Keedysville by the road between the Sharpsbnrg pike and the Antie- tam to Keedysville; thence through Foxs Gap to Burkittsville by the road nearest the mountain (the shortest road), and thence to Berlin. The Sixth and Eleventh Corps, v~a Funkstown and Boonsborough, through Turners Gap to Middletown; thence to Petersville and 213er- lin. The Artillery Reserve to move by way of Boonsborough pike, through Turners Gap to Middletown, and thence to the vicinity of Berlin by Petersville; to take precedence as far as Middletown, after which to march between the Sixth and Eleventh Corps. The trains to join their respective corps at their camps in the vicinity of Har- pers Ferry and Berlin. The corps to move in the order named, and the corps in advance to march at early daylight, and to be followed by the next corps when the road is clear. Headquarters to be at Berlin on the night of the 15th. I have indicated this movement of the 15th in detail in order to exhibit in this report the usual manner of moving a large army and~ concentrating it at a particular point. On the 16th, orders were issued to the army to replenish its supplies from the depots which I had established at Berlin, Sandy Hook, and Harpers Ferry, and to be quickly prepared to continue the march with three days cooked rations in haversacks, three days ha~d bread and small rations in the regimental wagons, and, in addition, two days salt meat and seven days hard bread and small rations in the wagons of the supply trains. The army was supplied with clothing, fresh horses, and mules. Our lines of supply were the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The supplies fur- nished here were expected to answer until we could reach the Ma- nassas Gap road at Gainesville and White Plains, and the Warrenton branch at Warrenton. The Third and Fifth Corps having crossed into the Piney Run Valley near Lovettsville, the rest of the army followed on the 18th and 19th. The Second and Twelfth.Corps crossed at Harpers Ferry, and the First, Sixth, and Eleventh Corps, Artillery Reserve, and head- quarters at Berlin, each command followed by its own trains. The rear guard of the cavalry crossed at both points after the Sixth and Twelfth Corps. It will be seen by reference to my last annual report that General McClellan made the .passage of this river at the same points with the same army, marching in the same direction, in pur- suit of the same enemy, on the last of October and first of Novem- ber the preceding year. General Meade pursued the same routes as far as Warrenton as were taken by the army in November, 1862. Some of his corps deviated somewhat and made demonstrations at Manassas Gap, & c., but not materially different in results from the y ear before. I left the army at Berlin, and went to Washington to make arrange- ments for supplies over the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. Having perfected the arrangements and submitted requisitions, I proceeded b y rail to White Plains, on the Manassas Gap Railroad, on the 24th, and rejoined headquarters at Warrenton on the evening of the 25th Page 224 224 [Ciar. XXXIX. II. C., VA., W~ VA., MD., PA., ETC. The campaign ended here, and our army shortly took up a line across the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, near the Rappahannock, the right of our infantry resting at the Waterloo Crossing, the left at Ellis Ford. Cavalry was on both flanks and in rear. Our lines of commnnications were protected by the Department of Washington to the Bull Run Bridge, and by the Eleventh Corps from that point to Catletts. The headquarters were at Germantown, on the railroad, about 3-j miles south of Warrentou Junction. The depots were established at Warrenton Junction, Warrenton, and Bealeton. The army remained in this position quietly until the middle of September. * * * * * * * I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, RUFUS INGALLS, Brigadier- General, and Chief Quartermaster, Armies operating against Richmond. Bvt. Maj. Gem M. C. MEIGs, Quartermaster-General, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. No. 25. Report of Brig. Gen. llfarsena 1?. Patrick, U. S. Army, Provost ]lilctrshal- General. OFFICE PROVOST-MAESIIAL, October 4, 1863. Estimate of captures from the enemy during their raid into Penn- sylvania, in June and July, 1863. S Where confined. 0 F~1 Fort Delaware 417 7,244 De camp General Hospital, Davids Island, N. Y 65 2,472 Wests buildings, Baltimore, Md 51 632 United States hospital, chester, Pa 83 1,049 United 5tates hospital, Gettysburg, Pa 112 1,245 United States hospital, Harrisburg, Pa 14 111 United 5tates hospital, Frederick, Md 12 124 Total 754 12,867 I have consulted Colonel Hoffman, commissary-general of pris- oners, who makes up the above as the closest estimate that can be made of captures on the north side of the Potom~tc. Of those at Fort Delaware, many were sick and wounded, but in general able to travel. Colonel Hoffman thinks these might amount to 700. Respectfully submitted. M. R. PATRICK, Provost -7 Vliarshal-Genera( Page 225 CHAP. XXXIXJ THE GETTYSBUTh~ CAMPAICf~. 22~ No. 26. Report of Lient. John 1?. Edie, Acting Chief Ordnance Officer, Army of the Potomac. REPORT OF ORDNANCE AND ORDNANCE STORES COLLECTED ON THE BATTLE-FIELD OF GETTYSBURG, AND SHIPPED TO THE WASHING- TON ARSENAL. Collected by Lient. Morris Schaff, Ordnance Department: Muskets 19, 664 Bayonets 9,250 Small-arms ammunition rounds 14,000 Cartridge-boxes 1,200 Sabers 300 Artillery wheels 26 Lient. William J. Angustine, First Division, Twelfth Army Corps: Muskets 804 Cartridg& boxes 390 Cartridge-box belts 250 Cartridge-box plates 400 Waist-belts 187 Waist-belt plates 100 Cap-pouches 136 Bayonet-scabbards 100 Lient. Edward H. Newcomb, Third Division, Eleventh Army Corps: Muskets 1, 142 Bayonets 581 Accouterments 441 Capt. George A. Batchelder, First Division, Fifth Army Corps: Muskets 800 Capt. James G. Derrickson, First Division, Second Army Corps: Muskets 425 Cartridge-boxes 50 Sabers 2 Cartridge-box belts 50 Lient. W. E. Potter, Third Division, Second Army Corps: Muskets 339 Bayonets 110 Cartridge-boxes 110 Cap-pouches 110 Bayonet-scabbards 110 Capt. G. M. Elliott, Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps: Muskets 1,680 Bayonets 639 Accouterments 200 Sabers 13 Capt. W. E. Graves, Tenth New York Cavalry: Cartridge-boxes 84 Carbines 114 Revolvers Swivels 82 Sabers 51 Saber-belts 10 Gun-slings 16 B RYOL XXVII, PT I Page 226 tOHAP. XXXIX. 226 r. o., VA., w. VA., MD., PA., ETC. Capt. John Dessaner: Bayonets 11 Rifles 10 Accouterments 2 Saber-belts 10 Caissons and limbers 2 Captain Hall, Second Maine Battery: Gunsrifled 2 Gun-carriages 1 Limbers 2 JNO. II. EDIE, Lient. Acting Chief Ordnance Officer, Army Potomac. No. 27. Report of Brig. Gen. Henry W Benham, U. S. Army, commanding Engineer Brigade. HEADQUARTERS ENGINEER BRIGADE, NEAR NAVY YARD, WASHINGTON, Engineer Depot, June 18, 1863~8 a. m. I have the honor to make the following brief report of my opera- tions since the receipt of the order to take up the bridges on the Rappahannock on the 13th instant: I was down at the crossing with my men and teams about 9 p. in., when I had been notified that all would be across. The crossing commenced, however, only at about 10 p. un., and at about 11.10 I was notified by General Newton that one bridge could be taken np, and at about 12.10 that the second could be removed. The troops, however, continued to straggle down for nearly three hours after, boats being sent over for them. Although the night was a part of the time intensely dark, the two bridges were taken up, and I saw the last chess loaded at about 4 a. m. The last pontoon was specially reported to me to be on its truck, and every truck with its pontoon, some delay being caused by hunting up the pontoons, which the men of the crossing force, as reported to me, had left adrift after crossing their commands. The bridge train closed upon our old camp-ground about 5 a. in., and, after the necessary feeding of the teams, started at once for Aquia Creek, I myself preceding them, reaching that station about 8 a. in., in time to obtain a boat and go with the regular battalion to Occoquan to see the bridge laid there, which was completed at about 5 p. m. of the 14th, or one hour earlier than the order required. The fact being reported through General Slocum, I at once returned to Aquia Creek, and found that the pontoons, having been delayed by the blocking of the road by the teams of the Sixth Corps, which had started before the bridges were up, had only been able to reach Aquia Creek late in the afternoon, and I learned from General War- ren that General Butterfield, fearing they would obstruct or be too late to join the other trains of the army on the left [right] bank, had ordered they should be crossed to Liverpool Point, on the right [lefti bank of the Potomac, for passage to Alexandria. AsJfo~d the road very bad at Occoquan Bridge, and thought it much better 2 miles below, I telegraphed to you about 9 p. in. that I would hold Page 227 CHAP. XXXIX.] TIlE GETTYSBURO- (JAMPATGX. 22T long bridge ready until 8 oclock the next morning. l3etween 11 and 12 p. m. General Warren informed me that this bridge was desired, and I had it started with a proper working force, to reach the bar of the Occoquan about daylight. I then remained at Aquia until 11 a. m. of the L5th, until several hours after the mass of the pontoons had left for Washington, and until about one-half of the land transportation had been crossed to Liverpool Point, when II proceeded to Alexandria, to arrange for the arrival and proper disposition of the command. The regulars and the Fiftieth Regiment arrived about noon of the 16th with the Occo- quan bridges. About 8 p. m. of the 16th, I received an order to have a bridge of 1,200 feet in the Georgetown Canal by daylight on the 117th, which I at once directed the whole command to prepare, it re4uiring much time to unload trucks and rearrange the boats for passing the locks. The regular engineers were assigned to the duty of laying this bridge. About 2 a. in. of the 17th, I received a dispatch directing the bridge to be laid at Nolands Ford by noon of the 18th, and, it appearing necessary by this dispatch, I ordered 250 more men of the Fiftieth to accompany the bridge. The wording of the dispatch left me to believe I was to go up also, leaving my trains here until otherwise advised, since by the time I could prepare the orders for the addi- tional men, & c., the last of the boats had started for Georgetown, so that I was not able to send the last information to Captain [Charles N.] Turubull. The men of the Fiftieth, however, though delayed some two hours by the fault or misunderstanding of a steamer cap- tain, were started at about 8 a. m. Captain Turubull was fortunately up with his boats, all in the - canal, about 6 a. in., and he wrote me that he was putting them through the set of locks then above, which was what I expected and desired. Between 5 and 6 a. m. I sent to the quartermaster to have teams arranged to tow them up the canal, but was told I must send to Washington for them, and the delay of the boats, as above, made it necessary to send a staff officer by land to Washington; and about 10 a. m. he was able to arrange for the teams, which reached the upper locks about 12.30 oclock. Captain Turubull, as he states, as no direct order had been given (in fact, though it was sent, it had not been pressed forward to him because he reported he was doing it), and because his men were fatigued, stopped the passing of his boats through the locks, so they did not all get through till 1 to 2 p. in., wheu the teams were con- nected as fast as possible, and the boats moved off rapidly before 3 p. in., and with every prospect of being at Nolands Ford by the hour originally ordered. No delay on the part of any of this command has occurred, unless possibly one or two hours were lost by stopping the passage of the boats through the locks, which had been reported to me as going on, as above stated. On returning to this depot, about 5 p. in., I found the trains from Liverpool I~oint coming in, having made, as reported, fully 60 miles since 10 a. in. of the preceding day, the 15th, and the ambulance train of sick and wounded had just arrived. The delay at Liverpool Point was occasioned by the large quantity of material that had to be taken from the steamers and reloaded after Aquia Creek had been actually abandoned. I am now about to bring the bridges from Alexaxidria to this depot for rearrangement and repairs. We have nearly 200 pontoons to ex. Page 228 228 m c., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. amine and arrange into bridges, and about 1,200 animals of the trains to be cared for, while the total effective force of my brigade (except the company and fractional company at work in the depot and the company at Harpers Ferry) is only abont 1,000 to 1,100 men, and of them nearly 600 are now up the Potomac, nnder Ma~jor Spaulding and Captain Turubull, and the balance of the command, some 200 of the Fiftieth, now at Alexandria, under Colonel Pettes, and the three years men of the Fifteenth, now being reorganized under Major Cassin, and just in here with the trains, should, as I would respect- fully recommend, all be concentrated at this depot, when the serv- ices of all will be required for the care and guarding of this large number of animals and the speedy restoration of the bridges to a serviceable condition, which will be immediately reported to head- quarters. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. BENHAM, Brigadier-General, Commanding. General S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant- General, Army of the Potomac. [Indorsement.] Direct the corps of engineers now at Harpers Ferry to report to Captain Turnbull, and for General Benham to concentrate the re- maining part of command, now in Washington and Alexandria, to hold them at his depot, in readiness to march at the shortest notice. J. H. Telegraph this to Generals Benham and Tyler, at Sandy Hook. SEPTEMBER. 296.15 p. m. Done. D.B. No. 28. Reports of Brig. Gen. Henry J. Hunt, U. S. Army, Chief of Artillery, Army of the Potomac. ARTILLERY HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, September 27, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the artillery of this army in the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, and 3: On July 1, Reynolds (First) and Howards (Eleventh) corps and Bufords division of cavalry, the whole under the command of Maj. Gen. J. F. Reynolds, engaged the enemy on the west and northwest of the town of Gettysburg. On the west of Gettysburg, about a third of a mile distant, there is a ridge running nearly north and south, parallel to the Emmitsburg pike. This ridge, on which the semi- nary is situated, is crossed by the Cashtown pike about 100 or 150 yards north of the seminary, and some 50 yards farther on it is cut by a railroad. On the west of the seminary is a grove of large trees, and the summit of the ridge and the upper part of both its slopes are more or less covered with open woods through its entire length. The ground slopes gradually to the west, and again rising, forms a second ridge, parallel to and about 500 yards distant from the Semi- nary Ridge. This second ridge is wider and smoother than tha Page 229 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 229 upon which the seminary stands, and terminates about 200 yards north of the point at which the Cashtown road crosses it. Near this point, and to the south of it, are a house and barn, with some five or six acres of orchard aiid wooded grounds, the rest of the ridge being cleared. It was in the skirmish near this house that General Rey- nolds fell, and over the country covered by the ridge that the First Corps fought. To the north and east, beyond where the Seminary Ridge terminates, the country is more flat, and this ground was oc- cupied by the Eleventh Corps, the front of which was in a nearly perpendicular position to that of the First Corps, and faced the north. About 10.15 a. m. Halls battery (Second Maine, six 3-inch) was or- dered into action by General Reynolds on the right of the Cashtown road, on the second ridge, and some 500 yards beyond the seminary. The enemy had previously opened fire from a battery of six guns at a distance of about 1,300 yards, and directly in front of this ~position, on Reynolds troops, and Hall, on coming into action, rep ied with effect. In the course of half an hour, a body of the enemys infantry approached the right of Halls battery under cover of a ravine, and opened upon him at a distance of 60 or 80 yards, killing and wound- ing a number of his men and horses. The right and center sections replied with canister, while the leI~ section continued its fire on the enemys battery. The supports now falling back, Captain Hall found it necessary to retire, which he did by sections. Soon after, the Third Division (Rowleys), First Corps, occnpied the open ground on this ridge with Coopers battery (B, First Penn- sylvania, four 3-inch), which took post in an oat-field, about 380 yards south of the Cashtown road. The Second Division (Robinsons) occupied a road on the west slope of the Seminary Ridge, north of the railroad, and the Eleventh Corps came into position on the flat ground farthernorth, and in a position nearly perpendicular to that of the First Corps. Colonel Wainwright, commanding the artillery of the First Corps, sent Stew- arts battery (B, Fourth United States, six 112-pounders) to report to General Robinson, and ordered Reynolds to move with his battery to the support of Calefs horse battery (A, Second United States, six 3-inch), which had been placed in position by GeUeral Wadsworth on the spot just occupied by Halls (Second Maine, six 3-inch), and was sharply engaged with the enemys battery in its front. Reynolds had hardly taken position when the enemy opened a severe fire from a second battery immediately on his right. The cross-fire of the en- emys two batteries caused both Calefs and Reynolds to retire, Reynolds taking up a new position at right angles to the ridge, with his left covered by the woods, near the house and barn referred to. While executing this movement, Captain Reynolds was severely wounded in the right eye, but refused to quit the field. The enemys battery soon after ceased its fire. At the request of General Wads- worth, Colonel Wainwright posted Wilbers section of Reynolds bat- tery in the orchard on the south side of the Cashtown road, where he was sheltered from the fire of the enemys battery on his right flank by the intervening house and barn, and moved the other two sections to the south side of the wood, on the open crest. In the meantime the Eleventh Corps had taken position, and Dil- gers battery (I, First Ohio, six 12-pounders), attached to Schurzs division, soon became engaged with one of the enemys batteries at 1,000 yards distance, which was soon re-enforced by another. Dii- ger maintained his position until re-enforced by Wheeler (Thir. Page 230 [CHAP. XXXIX. 230 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. teenth New York Independent, four 3-inch), sent to his assistance by Major Osborn, commanding the artillery of the corps, when a sharp contest ensued, the result of which was one piece of Wheelers dismounted and five of the enemys, which Major Osborn states they left on the ground. The enemy suffered the most loss. During this action, Captain Dilger several times changed the positions of his bat- teries with excellent effect, selecting his ground with judgment. About 11 a. m. Wilkesons battery (G, Fourth United States, four 12-pounders) came up, and reported to General Barlow, who posted it close to the enemys line of infantry, with which it immediately became engaged, sustaining at the same time the fire of two of his batteries. In the commencement of this unequal contest, Lieut. Bayard Wilke- son (]~ourth U. S. Artillery), commanding the battery, a young offi- cer of great gallantry, fell, mortally wounded, and was carried from the field. Lieutenant Bancroft succeeded to the command, and by changing position and distributing his sections, in order to meet the different movements of the enemy, succeeded in maintaining himself handsomely uiitil the division fell back to the town, when he with- drew to Cemetery Hill. About 4 p. in. the troops were withdrawn to Cemetery Hill, and Schurzs division, with Heckmans (K, First Ohio, four 12-pounders) and Wiedrichs (I, First New York, six 3-inch) batteries, were posted so as to cover the movement of the corps, Wiedrichs being placed on the hill in front of the cemetery entrance. Heckman worked his guns well, and held his ground until the enemy entered his battery. He then retired with the loss of one gun, the battery beiug so much crippled that it was sent to the rear, and was not again called into action. Wiedrichs battery was actively engaged, and about 4.30 p. m. the enemy made an attempt to tnrii our right, but his line was very soon broken by the fire of this battery, and the attempt failed. The First Corps was withdrawn about the same time as the Elev- enth. Colonel Wainwright, commanding the artillery of this corps, understanding the order to hold Cemetery Hill to apply to Seminary Hill, posted Coopers battery (B, First Penusylvania, four 3-inch) in front ~f the professors house. Captain Stevens (Fifth Maine, six 12- pounders) was soon after posted by General Doubleday on Coo p ers right. Soon after, the enemy emerged in two strong columns from the woods in front, about 300 yards distant, outflanked our line nearly a third of a mile, then formed in two lines of battle, and advanced directly up the crest. During this movement, Reynolds battery (L, First New York, six 3-inch) opened on the columns, but the fire of his sections was much interfered with by the movements of our own infantry in their front. Colonel Wainwright therefore moved these two sections, under Lieutenant Breck, to a strong stone wall on the seminary crest, near Stevens position. The movement was not ordered until the enemy, outnumbering our troops 5 to 1, were within 200 yards of the battery. Lieutenant Wilbers section of the same battery soon after fell back with his supports (L, First New York, six 3-inch; Fifth Maine, six 12-pounders, and Coopers, B, First Pennsyl- vania, four 3-inch) to the same position, thus concentrating sixteen guns. Stewarts battery (B, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders) was also on the same line, half of the battery between the Cashtown pike and the railroad, the other half across the railroad, in the corner of a wood. The enemys lines continued to advance across the spac Page 231 Ciin. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 231 between the two crests, but when the first line was within abont 100 yards of the seminary, Lieutenant Davison, Fourth U. S. Artillery, commanding the left half of Stewarts battery, placed his guns on the Cashtown pike, so as to enfilade the whole line. This mpvement, well sustained by the other batteries,.brought the first line to a halt, but the second, supported by a column deployed from the Cashtown road, pushed on. An order was now received by Captain Stevens from General Wadsworth, directing his battery to withdraw, but Colonel Wainwright, not knowing this, and still nuder themistaken impres- sion as to the importance of holding Seminary Hill, directed all the batteries to maintain their positions. In a few minutes, however, all our infantry were seen rapidly re- treating toward the town, and the batteries were all limbered to the rear, and moved off down the Cashtown pike, maintaining a walk until the infantry had left it. By this time our retreating columns were lapped by the enemys skirmishers, who opened a severe fire from behind a fence within 50 yards of the road. As soon as the road was clear, the batteries moved at a trot, but it was too late to save all the material. Lieutenant Wilbers last piece (L, First New York, six 3-inch) had 1 of its wheel-horses shot, and, by the time this could be disengaged, 3 others were shot and Lieutenant Wilburs own horse killed. It was impossible to move the piece off, and it was lost. No blame apparently can be attached to the officers of this or of Heck- mans battery (K, First Ohio, four 12-pounders) for the loss of the two guns in the retiring of the two corps. It was the necessary re- sult of the obstinate resistance made to the enemy, so as to cover the withdrawal of their respective corps. Three of the caisson bodies of Stewarts battery were broken down, 1 of his caissons exploded, 2 of his guns had been disabled by the breaking of their pointing rings, and 3 of Halls guns dismounted. The losses of the batteries of the First Corps in these operations were heavy; 83 officers and men killed and wounded, including 6 officers wounded (Capt. G. T. Stevens and Lient. C. 0. Hunt, Fifth Maine, severely; Capt. G. H. Reynolds, L, First New York, severely; Lieut. J. Stewart, Fourth Artillery, slightly; Lieut. J. Davison, Fourth Artillery, severely; Lieut. W. C. Miller, B, First Penn- sylvania, slightly), and about 80 horses, a large proportion of the latter between the Seminary Ridge and the town, tjie enemy hav- ing at that time a fire upon them from both flanks and the rear, and no infantry replying. The batteries passed immediately through the town, and were ~laced with those of the Eleventh Corps in position on Cemetery Hi 1, so as to command the town and the approaches from the northwest. The batteries north of the Baltimore pike in front of the cemetery gate, under the command of Colonel Wain- wright, chief of artillery, First Corps, were posted as follows: Stewarts battery (B, Fourth United States, four light 12-pounders) across the road, so as to command the approaches from town; then Wiedrichs (I, First New York Artillery, four 3-inch), Coopers (B, First Pennsylvania Artillery, four 3-inch), and Reynolds (L, First New York Artillery, five 3-inch), in all thirteen 3-inch guns, along the north front, some of them in such a position that they could be turned to bear upon the town and the field of battle of the 1st. Stevens battery (Fifth Maine, six 12-pounders) was posted to the right and some 50 yards in front of this line, on a knoll, from whence they could obtain an oblique fire upon the hills in front of our line, ~nd a flanking fire at close quarters upon any attacking co Page 232 232 N. C., VA., W. VA., MIX, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. umns. Each of the guns in these batteries had a small earthwork thrown up in its front, to afford a partial shelter from the fire of the enemys sharpshooters. Osborns batteries (Bancrofts, G, Fourth U. S. Artillery, six 12-pounders; Dilgers, I, First Ohio, six 12- pounders; Wheelers, Thirteenth New York; three 3-inch), of the Eleventh Corps, with the exception of Wiedrichs, transferred to Colonel Wainright, Heckmans, crippled and sent to the rear, and one gun of Wheelers dismounted, were placed in the cemetery grounds, to the north of the Baltimore road. On the night of July 1, the commanding general left Taneytown, and reached Gettysburg about 2 a. m. of the 2d. Soon after his ar- rival, he directed me to see to the position of the artillery, and make such arrangements respecting it as were necessary. I examined the positions at Cemetery Hill, so far as the darkness would perniit, and then accompanied the general and Major-General Howard in an in- spection of the west front of the field, occupied by the Second and Third Corps. Cemetery Hill commanded the positions which could be occupied by the enemy to the north and northwest. Toward the south the line occupied the crest of a gentle elevation, which, con- cealing everything immediately behind it from the observation of the enemy, commanded the ground to the west, which sloped down gradually for a few hundred yards, and then rising, formed another crest, varying from half to three-quarters of a mile distant. The sum- mit of this crest was wooded, and toward the south bent eastwardly and crossed the Emmitsburg road, forming a very favorable posi- tion for the enemys artillery, and affording concealment to his move- ments in that direction. About half or three-quarters of a mile south of the cemetery our own crest and the ground in front of it were broken by groves of trees, and still farther on by rough and rocky ground. At a distance of about 2 miles from Cemetery Hill, a high, rocky, and broken peak formed the natural termination of our lines. The broken character of the ground in front of the southern half of our line was unfavorable to the use of artillery. From the cemetery, as a center, the right of our line extended toward the east, and lay on the north of the Baltimore pike. The ground is hilly, heavily wooded, and intersected with ravines and small water-courses, very unfavorable to the use of artillery. The First and Eleventh Corps were stationed on and near Cemetery Hill. The Second Corps (Han- cocks) stretchea along the crest on the left of the Cenmetery Hill, with the Third Corps (Sickles) on its left. To the right of the ceme- tery lay a portion of the First Corps (Newtons), and beyond it the Twelfth (Slocums). At or near daylight, Major-General Slocum reported to the com- manding general that there was a gap between the left of his line and the right of the First Corps, which he feared would be taken advan- tage of by the enemy, as he apprehended an immediate attack. Th~ general commanding then gave me directions to make the necessary arrangements to meet the emergency. I considered this, in connec- tion with the order previously given me, as a recognition, for the present, at least, of the position I had held at Antietam and Freder- icksburg, as commander of the artillery of the army, and proceeded to make the necessary dispositions and to give all directions I con- sidered necessary during the rest of the battle. In order to cover the gap between the First and Second Corps, the batteries of the Twelfth Corps (Muhlenbergs, F, Fourth United States, six I 2-pounders; Kiuzies, K, Fifth United States, four 12-pounders; Winegars, M Page 233 CHAP. XXXIX.) THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 233 First New York, four 10-pounders, and Knaps, E, Pennsylvania, six 10-pounders) were placed so as to co~nmand the outlet from that in- terval toward the Baltimore pike, and such of the batteries on Ceme- tery Hill as commanded the ground and its approaches from the side of the enemy were also placed in position. The interval between the lines was too broken and too heavily wooded to permit the artillery to be placed on the immediate line of battle. These positions were held by the batteries until the infantry line was completed and well strengthened, when the artillery was arranged for any attack the enemy could make. The batteries at the cemetery, under command of Colonel Wain- wright, remained as already described, and Major Osborn, chief of artillery of the Eleventh Corps, was directed to take command on the south of the road. I re-enforced him with half of Halls battery (Second Maine, three 3-inch) frogi the First Corps, the other half being disabled, and five batteries (Eakins, H, First United States, six 12-pounders; Tafts, Fifth New York, six 20-pounders; Hills, C, First West Virginia, four 10-pounders; Huntingtons, H, First Ohio, six 3-inch, and Edgells, First New Hampshire, six 3-inch) from the Artillery Reserve, thus placing at his disposal, including the three batteries (Bancrofts, G, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders; IDilgers, I, First Ohio, six 12-ponuders, and Wheelers, Thirteenth New York, three 3-inch) of his own corps remaining to him, six 20- pounder Parrotts, twenty-two light rifles, and eighteen light 12- pounders. These were stationed as follows: On the right, resting next the Baltimore road and facing the Emmitsburg, Dilger; on his left, Bancroft; then, in the order named, ILakin, Wheeler, Hill, and Hall. These eighteen light 12-pounders and ten light rifles com- manded the enemys positions to the right of the town. In rear of Bancroft and perpendicular to him were Tafts six 20-pounder Par- rotts; on Tafts right and rear were Huntingtons 3-inch guns; these batteries facing the north~ This arrangement, in connection with that of Wainwright, brought all the positions within range of the cemetery that the enemy could occupy with artillery under a com- manding fire. The batteries were all brought into requisition at different periods of the battle. july 2, during the morning, several moving columns of the enemy, passing toward our right, were shelled, and compelled to make de- tours, or seek the cover of ravines to make their movements. At about 3.30 p. m. the enemy established a battery of ten. guns (four 20-pounders and six 10-pounder Parrotts) in a wIi~at-field to the north and a little to the east of the Cemetery Hill, and~df~ii1~ some 1,200 or 1,300 yards, and opened a remarkably accurate fire upon our batteries. We soon gained a decided advantage over them, and at the end of an hour or more compelled them to withdraw, drawing off two of their pieces by hand. Twenty~eight horses were afterward found on the knoll. The enemy suffered severely, and, although we were successful, we had cause to regret that our 4-k-inch guns had been left at Westminster, as the position offered great advantages for them. The enemy endeavored to re-establish his battery farther to his right, but as we could in this position bring a larger number of guns to bear than before, he was soon driven off. Coopers battery (B, First Pennsylvania, four 3-inch), which had suffered severely in this affair, was now relieved by Ricketts, from the Artillery Reserve. In this cannonade, Lient. C. P. Eakin, First U. S. Artillery, wa Page 234 234 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD,, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XJYIX. badly wounded and carried off the field, and Lieut. P. D. Mason, First U. S. Artillery, assumed command of the battery. About the same hour, 3.30 p. in., as the enemy was seriously annoying the left of th~ Twelfth Corps, three guns of Knaps battery, under command of Lieutenant Geary, and Van Reeds section of K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, were placed in an eligible position, about 200 yards from the right of the First Corps. As soon as their presence (Knaps Pennsylvania Battery, 10-pounders, and Kinzies, K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, light 12-pounders) was noticed, the enemy turned his battery (eight guns) upon them, but after a spirited contest of thirty minutes, in which he had a caisson blown up, his guns were silenced. The conduct of both Lieutenants Geary and Van Reed is highly spoken of by their chiefs of artillery. When the infantry of the Twelfth Corps crossed over to the,sup- port of the Third Corps, on the left of our line, these guns were with- drawn and rejoined their batteries. About sunset the enemy again opened from a knoll in front of the cemetery, distant about 1,800 yards, and this was soon followed by a powerful infantry attack on the position by. General Rodes Louisi7 ana L?] brigade. * As their columns moved out of the town, they came under the fire of Stevens battery (Fifth Maine), at 800 yards distance. Wheeling into line, they pushed up the hill. As their line became unmasked, all the guns that could be brought to bear upon them, some twenty, were opened, first with shrapnel and then with canister, with excellent effect. The center and left were beaten back, but their right worked their way up under cover of the houses, and pushed completely through Wiedrichs battery (I, First New York, six 3-inch) into Ricketts (F and G, First Pennsylvania, six 3-inch). The can- noneers of both batteries stood well to their gnus, and when no longer able to hold them, fought with handspikes, rain mers, and even stones, joining the infantry iu driving them out, and capturing several pris- oners. This attack of Rodes was mainly repelled by the artillery alone. The loss .of the eneniy was reported to be large by their wounded in the affair, who afterward fell under the care of our sur- geons iu Gettysburg. About 12 m. a detachment of Berdans Sharpshooters was sent into the woods near the point where the enemys crest opposite the left of our army cuts the Emmitsburg road, and reported the enemy as moving in force toward our left flank. About 2 p. m. General Sickles formed his corps in line to meet an attack from this direction, his right resting on the Emmitsburg road, in a peach orchard, in advance of the center of our left, and his line extending in a general direction toward Sugar Loaf or Round Top, a peak which terminated our line on the left. At this time I reached the ground, and found Captain Randolph, chief of artillery Third Corps, making arrangements to station his battery on the right, those on the left having already been posted as follows: Smiths battery - (Fourth New York, six 10-pounders) on the extreme left and on a steep and rocky eminence in advance of Sugar Loaf, and on his right Winslows (D, First New York, six 12-pounders), in a wheat-field, separated from Smith by a belt of woods. I[ accompanied Captain Randolph, first sending to General Tyler, commanding the Artillery Reserve, for two batteries, one of light 12-pounders and one of rifles, * Rodes division comprised only North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama troops. Reference is probably to Hays Lonisiana brigade.CoMPJLER Page 235 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 235 and assisted him in posting the other batteries as follows: Clarks battery (B, First New Jersey, 5iX 10-pounders) on the line to the left of the peach orchard; Ames (G, First New York, six 12-pound- ers), from the Artillery Reserve, in the orchard, both facing the south, and perpendicular to the Emmitsburg road; then along the Emmitsburg road and facing the west, Randolphs (F, First Rhode Island, six 12-pounders), and Seeleys (K, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders) batteries, Seeleys well to the right of Ran- dolphs. While Ames and Clark were moving up, the enemy opened a brisk fire upon them from a position near the Emmitsburg road and on the opposite side of it. By this time, about 3.30 p. in., Major McGilvery came up from the Artillery Reserve with three batteriesBigelows (Ninth Massachu- setts, four 12-pounders) ; Phillips (Fifth Massachusetts, six 3-inch), and Harts (Fifteenth New York, four 12-pounders)which I ordered into position on the left of Clarks. As I saw that more batteries of the enemy were getting into position on the south of the Emmits- burg road and forming opposite to this line, I sent to the reserve for more rifled guns, and then, as Smith (Fourth New York, six 10- pounders) had not opened, I went to his battery to ascertain the cause. When I arrived, he had succeeded in getting his guns into position, and just opened fire. As his position commanded that of the enemy and enfiladed their line, his firewas very effective, and with that of Ames (G, First New York, six 12-pounders) and Clark (B, First New Jersey, six 10-pounders) in front, soon silenced that bat- tery. In the meantime the enemy had established his new batteries to the north of the road, and Smith turned his guns upon them. I now moved along the line and examined the condition of the differ- ent batteries. Winslow (D, First New York, six 12-pounders) had not yet been attacked, his position facing a wood at short range that the enemy had not yet occupied. Bigelow, Phillips, and Hart were hotly engaged, and the battle soon raged along the lines. In the meantime the additional batteries ordered from the reserve Thompsons (C and F, Pennsylvania, six 3-inch) and Sterlings (Second Connecticut, four James and two howitzers), and Ransoms brigade, consisting of Thomas (C, Fourth United States, six 12- pounders), Weirs (C, Fifth United States, six 12-pounders), and Turubulls (F and K, Thii~d United States, six 1 2-pounders) batteries were brought up by General Tyler in person. Ransoms brigade was formed on the crest, above general headquarters, and soon after Turubulls, Weirs, and Thomas batteries were ordered forward to join Hurnphreys division, taking position on the right of Seeley. Some time after, two batteries of the FilTh CorpsWatsons (I, Fifth United States, four 3-inch) and Walcotts (C, Massachusetts Artillery, six 12-pounders)were brought upon the ground by some staff officer of General Sickles; but for this there seemed to be no necessity, abundant provision having been made to supply all needs from the Artillery Reserve. The effect was to deprive the Fifth Corps of its batteries, without the knowledge and to the inconvenience of the commander of the corps. The batteries were exposed to heavy front and enfilading fires, and suffered terribly, but as rapidly as any were disabled they were retired and replaced by others. Watson (I, Fifth United States, four 3-inch) relieved Ames battery (G, First New York, six 12-pounders); Thompsons (Pennsylvania, six 3-inch) took position near it, relieving Hart (Fifteenth New York, four 12- pounders). Turubulls (F and K, Third United States, six 12-pounders Page 236 236 N. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. was posted near the Emmitsburg road. The officers and men per- formed thQir duties with great gallantry and success, notwithstand- ing the unfavorable nature of the ground, which gave the enemy all the advantages of position, driving off several of the enemys bat- teries, silencing others, and doing good execution on his infantry, until about 5.30 or 6 p. in., when the line was forced back, and the batteries were compelled to withdraw. So great had been the loss in men and horses, that many of the carriages had to be withdrawn by hand and others left on the field; which, with the exception of four, were afterward brought off. Three of these belonged to Smiths battery (Fourth New York, six 10-pounders), on our extreme left. The guns were stationed on the brow of a very precipitous and rocky height, beyond a ravine in front of our line. The difficulty of getting these guns up the height had caused the delay in Smiths opening his fire. He fought them to the last moment in hopes of keeping the enemy off, and in the belief that the ground would be in our possession again before the guns could be carried off by the enemy. He got off one of the four guns he had placed on the height, but was compelled to abandon the other three. The fourth of the guns lost belonged to Thompsons battery, the horses being all killed, the men engaged in hauling iff the other pieces by hand, and his infantry supports having left him. In withdrawing, many acts of gallantry were performed, the enemy in several in- stances being driven out from the batteries by the cannoneers and such assistance as they could procure from the infantry near them. The line reformed on the crest, which constituted our original line, and repulsed all further attacks. The batteries of the Second Corps were posted on the morning of the 2d by its chief of artillery, Captain Hazard, First Rhode Island Artillery, as follows, from left to right, connecting with the batteries of tho Third Corps on the left, and those on Cemetery Hill on the right: Rortys (B, First New York, four 10-pounders), Browns (B, First Rhode Island, six 12-pounders), Cushings (A, Fourth United States, six 3-inch), Arnolds (A, First Rhode Island, six 3-inch), and Woodruffs (I, First United States, six 12-pounders). The enemy opei~~d upon them several times during the morning, but were always silenced by their concentrated fire. When the Third Corps fell back, about 6 p. in., their batteries opened a vigorous fire, and the two left batteries (Rortys and Browns) conformed their movements to those of the infantry. When the crest of the hill occupied by our lines was reached, it gave the batteries a commanding position; a rapid fire was opened, and the enemy gradually driven back. Browns battery suffered so se- verely in men and horses that it became necessary to send two guns to the rear. The artillery of the Fifth Corps arrived on the field between 4 and 5 p. m. Hazletts (D, Fifth United States, six 10-pounders), Wal- cotts (C, Massachusetts Artillery, six 12-pounders), and Watsons (I, Fifth United States, four 3-inch) batteries, with the First Division of the corps; Gibbs (L, First Ohio, six 12-pounders), and Barnes (C, First New York, four 3-inch), with Second Division. I have already stated that Watsons and Walcotts were taken from their positions by order of Major-General Sickles, and noted their services. Wal- cotts was not engaged, but was under are; 6 men wounded, and 6 horses killed and wounded. About 4.30 p. m. Hazletts battery was moved to the extreme left Page 237 c~:xxxix.j THE GE~fYSBUI~G CAMPAIGN. 237 t placed in position on Round Top, and immediately opened upon that portion of the enemys force which attacked the First Division, and continued it until night with marked effect, as its fire enfiladed the enemys line. Guthries section of Gibbs battery was posted on the same hill on the right of Hazlett, and Walworths section at the base of the bill, commanding the ravine in front of Round Top, the re- maining section being held in reserve. These sections did excellent service, especially Guthries. On this afternoon, Lieut. Charles E. Hazlett, Fifth U. S. Artillery, a young officer, who had gained an enviable reputation for gallantry, skill, and devotion to his country and the service, received a mortal wound, and died the same evening. For more detailed reports of the services of the artillery in the action on our left, I respectfully refer to the reports of General Tyler, commanding Artillery Reserve, and to the reports of the chiefs of artillery of the Second, Third, and Fifth Corps, transmitted herewith. It will be perceived that the batteries suffered severely in officers, men, and horses, losing a large proportionate number of officers-3 killed (Lieut. Charles E. Haz1e~t, Fi li~ Ai~tillery, commanding Bat- tery B; Lieut. M. Livingston, i~d 4rtiJlery, commanding Turn- bulls battery; Lieut. C. Erickson, Bigelows battery); and 12 wounded (Capt. D. R. Ransom, Third Artillery, commanding Regu- lar Brigade, Artillery Reserve; Capt. J. Thompson, C, Pennsylva- nia Artillery; Capt. N. Irish, D. Pennsylvania Artillery; Capt. Pat- rick Hart, Fifteenth New York Battery; Lieut. T. F. Brown, Haz- ards battery; Lient. Samuel Canby, Fourth Artillery, Cushings battery; Lieut. J. K. Bucklyn, Firsts Rhode Island, Randolphs bat- tery; Lieut. F. W. Seeley, Fourth U. S. Artillery, commanding Bat- tery K; Lieut. M. F. Watson, Fifth U. S. Artillery, commanding Battery I; Lieut. J. L. Miller, Th9mpsons battery, mortally; Lieut. E. M .Knox, Fifteenth New York Battery; Lieut. E. Spence, Rick- etts battery). The night of the 2d was devoted in great part .to repairing dam- ages, replenishing the ammunition chests, and reducin an reor- ganizing such batteries as had lost so many men and horses as to be unable efficiently to work the full number of guns. By daylight next morning this duty had been performed so far as possible, and, when it was found impossible to reorganize in time, the batteries were withdrawn, replaced by others from the Artillery Reserve, and finished their work during the next morning. On the evening of July 2, a portion of Slocums corps (the Second) [Twelfth], which formed the right of our line, was sent to reenforce the left. During its absence, the enemy took possession of a portion of the line in the woods, and it was resolved to drive him out at day- light. Knaps battery (E, Pennsylvania, six 10-pounders) was placed on the hill known as Slocums headquarters, and near the Balti- more pike, and Winegars battery (M,. First New York, four 10- pounders) at a short distance east of it. These batteries overlooked and commanded the ground vacated by the corps. At 1 a. m. of the 3d, Muhlenbergs (F, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders) and Kinzies (K, Fifth United States, four 12-pounders) batteries were posted opposite the center of the line of the Twelfth Corps, so as to command the ravine formed by Rock Creek. At 4.30 a. m. these batteries opened, and fired without intermission for fifteen minutes into the wood, at a range of from 600 to 800 yards. Soon after daylight, Rigbys battery (A, Maryland, six 3-inch) was also placed on the hill, and at 5.30 a. m. all the batteries opened Page 238 238 i~. 0., VA., ~V. VA., Mi)., PA., ~O. tC~HAP. XXXIX. and continued firing at intervals until 10 a. in., when the infantry succeeded in driving out the enemy and reoccupied their position of the day before. In this work the artillery rendered good servce. At our center, on and near Cemetery Hill, the batteries were in position very nearly the same as on the previous day. Those out- side of the cemetery gate and north of the Baltimore pike, under the command of Colonel Wainwright, First New York Artillery, were, from right to left: Stevens (Fifth Maine, six 12-pounders), Reynolds (L, First New York, four 3-inch), Ricketts (F, First Pennsylvania, six 3-inch)----which had relieved Coopers (B, First Pennsylvania, four 3-inch) the night beforeWiedrichs (I, First New York, four 3-inch), and Stewarts (B, Fourth United States, four 12-pounders). The batteries south of the pike, and under command of Major Os- born, First New York Artillery, were: Dilgers (I, First Ohio, six 12-p oiinders), Bancrofts (G, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders), Eakins (H, First United States, six 12-pounders), Wheelers (Thir~ teenth New York, three 3-inch), Hills (C, First West Virginia, four 10-pounders), and Tafts (Fifth New York, six 20-pounders). On the left of the cemetery the batteries of the Second Corps were in line on the crest occupied by their corps in the following order, from right to left: Woodruffs (I, Fir~t United States, six 12-pound- ers), Arnolds (A, First Rhode Island, six 3-inch), Cushings (A, Fourth United States, six 3-inch), Browns (B, First Rhode Island, four 12-pounders), and Rortys (B, First New York, four 10-pound- ers), all under command of Captain Hazard, chief of artillery. Next on the left of the artillery of the Second Corps were stationed Thomas battery (C, Fonrth United States, six 12-pounders), and on his left Major. McGilverys command, consisting of Thompsons (C and F, Pennsylvania, five 3-inch), Phillips (Fifth Massachusetts, six 3-inch), Harts (Fifteenth New York, four 12-pounders), Sterlings (Second Connecticut, four James and two howitzers), Ranks section (two 3-inch), Dows (Sixth Maine, four 12-pounders), and Ames (G, First New York, six 12-pounders), all of the Artillery Reserve, to which was added, soon after the cannonade commenced, Coopers bat- tery (B, First Pennsylvania, four 3-inch), of the First Corps. On our extreme left, occupying the position of the day before, were Gibbs (L, First Ohio, six 12-pounders) and Rittenhouses (late Haz- letts, D, Fifth United States, six 10-pounders) batteries. Gibbs was, however, too distant from the enemys position for 12-pounders, and was not used during the day, although under fire. Rittenhouse was in an excellent position for the service of his rifled guns, on the top of Round Top. We had thus on the western crest line seventy-five guns, which coul& be aided by a few of those on Cemetery Hill. There was but little firing during the morning. At 10 a. in. I made an inspection of the whole line, ascertaining that all the batteriesonly those of our right serving with the Twelfth Corps being engaged at the timewere in good condition and well sup- plied with ammunition. As the euemy was evidently increasing his artillery f6rce in front of our left, I gave instructions to the batteries and to the chiefs of artillery not to fire at small bodies, nor to allow their fire to be drawn without promise of adequate results; to watch the enemy closely, and when he opened to concentrate the fire of their guns on one battery at a time uiitil it was silenced; under all circumstances to fire deliberately, and to husband their ammunition as much as possible. I had just finished my inspectiou, and was with Lieutenant Ritte Page 239 CHAP. XXXIX.] THIS GETTh3B1TI~ CAMPAIG~ 23~J house on the top of Round Top. when the enemy opened, at about Ip. in., along his whole right, a furious cannonade on the left of our line. I estimated the number of his guns bearing on our west front at from one hundred to one hundred and twenty. I have since seen it stat,ed by the enemys correspondents that there were sixty guns from Long- streets, and fifty-five from Hills corps, making one hundred and fifteen in all. To oppose these we could not, from our restricted position, bring more than eighty to reply effectively. Our fire was well withheld until the first burst was over, excepting from the ex- treme right and left of our positions. It was then opened deliber- ately and with excellent effect. As soon as the nature of the enemys attack was made clear, and I could form an opinion as to the number of his guns, for which my position afforded great facility, I w@nt to the park of the Artillery Reserve, and ordered all the batteries to be ready to move at a moments notice, and hastened to report to the commanding general, but found he had left, his headquarters. I then proceeded along the line, to observe the effects of the cannonade and to replace such batteries as should become disabled. About 2.30 p. in., finding our ammunition running low and that it was very unsafe to bring up loads of it, a number of caissons and linibers having been exploded, I directed that the fire should be grad- ually stopped, which was done, and the enemy soon slackened his fire also. I then sent orders for such batteries as were necessary to replace exhausted ones, and all that were disposable were sent me. About 3 p. in., and soon after the enemys fire had ceased, he formed a column of attack in the edge of the woods in front of the Second Corps. At this time Fitzhughs (K, First New York, six 3-inch), Parsons (A, First New Jersey, six 10-pounders), Weirs (C, Fifth United States, six 12-pounders), and Cowans (First New York Inde- pendent, six 3-inch) batteries reached this point, and were put in posi- tion in front ot the advancing enemy. I rode down to McGilverys batteries, and directed theni to take the enemy in flank as they ap- proached. The enemy advanced magnificently, unshaken by the shot and shell which tore through his ranks from his front and from our left. The batteries of the Second Corps on our right, having nearly ex- hausted their supply of ammunition, except canister, were compelled to withhold their fire until the enemy, who approached in three lines, came within its range. When our canister fire and musketry were opened upon them, it occasioned disorder, but still they advanced gallantly until they reached the stone wall behind which our troops lay. Here ensued a desperate coiiflict, the enemy succeeding in pass- ing the wall and entering our lines, causing great destruction of life, especially among the batteries. Infantry troops were, however, ad- vanced from our right; the rear line of the enemy broke, and the others, who had fought with a gallantry that excited the admiration of our troops, found themselves cut off and compelled to surrender. As soon as their fate was evident, the enemy opened his batteries upon the masses of our troops at this point without regard to the presence of his own. Toward the close of this struggle, Rortys (B, First New York, four 10-pounders), Arnolds (A, First Rhode Island, six 3-inch), and Cushings (A, Fourth United States, six 3-inch) batteries, which had lost heavily in men and horses, were withdrawn, and as soon as the affair was over their places were filled with fresh ones. Soon the necessary measures had been taken to restore this portion of the line to an efficient condition. It required but a few minutes, as the batteries, as fast as withdrawn from any point, were sent t Page 240 240 m C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Ciiir. XXXII. the Artillery Reserve, replenished with ammunition, reorganized, re- turned to the rea~r of the lines, and there awaited assignment. I then went to the left, to see that proper measures had been taken there for the same object. On my way, II saw that the enemy was forming a second column of attack to his right of the point where the first was formed, and in front of the position of the First Corps (Newtons). I gave instructions to the artillery, under command of Major McGil- very, to be ready to meet the first movements of the enemy in front, and, returning to the position of the Second Corps, directed the bat- teries there, mostly belonging to the Artillery Reserve, to take the enemy in flank as he advanced. When the enemy moved, these orders were well executed, and before he reached our line he was brought to a ?3tand. The appearance of a body of our infantry moving down in front of our lines from the direction of the Second Corps caused the enemy to move off by his right flank, under cover of the woods and undergrowth, and, a few minutes after, the column had broken up, and in the utmost confusion the men of which it was composed fled across the ground over which.they had just before advanced, and took refuge behind their batteries. The attacks on the part of the enemy were not well managed. Their artillery fire was too much dispersed, and failed to produce the intended effect. It was, how- ever so severe and so we 11 sustained that it put to the test, and fully proved, the discipline and excellence of our troops. The two as- - saults, had they been simultaneous, would have divided our artillery fire. As it was, each attack was met by a heavy front and flank fire of our artillery, the batteries which met the enemy directly in front in one assault taking him in flank in the other. The losses of the artillery on this day, and especially in the assault on the Second Corps, were very large. The loss in officers was 3 killed, 2 mortally and 9 severely wounded. Killed: Capt. J. M. Rorty, B, First New York; Lient. A. H. Cushing, Fourth United States; Lient. G. A. Woodruff, First United States (mortally wounded); Lieut. J. S. Milne, First Rhode Island; Lient. A. H. Whitaker, Ninth Massachusetts (wounded severely); Capt. J. Bige- low, Ninth Massachusetts; Lient. A. S. Sheldon, B, First New York; Lient. II. H. Baldwin, Fifth United States~ Lient. J. McGilvray, Fourth United States; Lieut. R. C. Hazlett, Fourth Pennsylvania Battery; Lieut. J. Stephenson, Fourth Pennsylvania Battery; Lient. H. D. Scott, Battery E, Massachusetts; Lient. W. P. Wright, First New York Battery; Lient. W. H. Johnson, First New York Battery. Captain Rorty, who had taken command of his battery but three days before, fell, fighting, at his guns. Lieutenants Cushing and Wood- ruff belonged to a class of young officers who, although of the lowest commissioned rank, have gained distinguished army reputation. The destruction of maMriel was large. The enemys cannonade, in which he must have almost exhausted his ammunition, was well sustaiiied, and cost us a great many horses and the explosion of an unusually large n4mber of caissons and limbers. The whole slope behind our crest, although concealed from the enemy, was swept by his shot, and offered no protection to horses or carriages. The enemys superiority in the number of guns was fully matched by the superior accuracy of ours, and a personal inspection of the line he occupied, made on the 5th, enables me to state with certainty that his losses in mat riel in this artillery combat were equal to ours, while the marks of the shot in the trees on both crests bear conclusive evidence of the su- periority of our practice Page 241 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GEThYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 241 This struggle closed~ the battle, and the night of the 3d, like The previous one, was devoted to repairs and reorganization. A large number of batteries had been so reduced in men and horses that many guns and carriages, after completing the outfit of those which re- mained with the army, were sent to the rear and turned in to the ordnance department. Our losses in the {hree days operations, as reported, were as fol- lows: Casualties, July 1, 2, and 3. Killed. Wounded. Organizations. 0 H H H z ~ ~ Inthecorps 212 5 57 18 361 52 565 Axtillery Reserve 108 2 41 15 171 15 316 Total 320 7 98 33 532 67 881 Of these 320 guns, 142 were light 12-pounders, 106 3-inch guns, 6 20-pounders, 60 10-pounder Parrott guns, and a battery of 4 James rifles and 2 12-pounder howitzers, which joined the army on the march to Gettysburg. This table excludes the Horse Artillery, 44 3-inch guns, serving with the cavalry. It will be seen that the Artillery Reserve, every gun of which was brought into requisition, bore, as in all the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, its full share, and more, of the losses. The expenditure of ammunition in the three days amounted to 32,781 rounds, averaging over 100 rounds per gun. Many rounds were lost in the caissons and limbers by explosions and otherwise. The supply carried with the army being 270 rounds per gun, left sufficient to fill the ammunition chests and enable the army to fight another battle. There was for a short time during the battle a fear that the ammunition would give out. This fear was caused by the large and unreasonable demands made by corps commanders who had left their own trains or a portion of them behind, contrary to the orders of the commanding general. In this emergency, the train of the Artillery Reserve, as on so many other occasions, supplied all demands, arid. proved its great usefulness to the army. For a more particular account of the operations of the artillery and of their relations to those of the other arms of service, I respect- fully refer to the report of the commander of the Artillery Reserve, and to those of the chiefs of artillery of the army corps, transmitted herewith, to which reports I also refer for the names of those who distinguished themselves by their conduct and courage. I have to acknowledge my indebtedness to these officers: Brig. Gen. R. 0. Tyler, commanding Artillery Reserve; Col. C. S. Wain- wright, First New York Artillery, First Corps; Capt. J. G. Haz- ard, First Rhode Island Artillery, Second Corps; Capt. G. E. Ran- ~i1olph, First Rhode Island Artillery, Third Corps; Capt. A. P. Mar- tin, Third Massachusetts Battery, Fifth Corps; Col. C. H. Tompkins, First Rhode Island Artillery, Sixth Corps; Maj. T. W. Osborn, First New York Artillery, Eleventh Corps; Lioi~t. E. D. MutdQnber~ i~ RY0I~ XXVII, PT Page 242 242 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CIAP. XXXIX. Fourth U. S. Artillery, Twelfth Corps, for their zealous co-opera.. tiou in all the administrative labors that devolved upon me, andfor the efficiency with which they discharged their duties in the field. My staffLient. Col. E. R. Warner, First New York Artillery, inspector of artillery; Capt. J. N. Craig, assistant adjutant-general, and Lieut. C. E. Bissell, aide-de-campperformed the duties devolv- ing upon them with intelligence and gaIlantry.~ Upon Lieutenant-Colonel Warner fell much of the labor required in the reorganization of batteries withdrawn from the field and in replacing them. These duties and others which devolved upon him were discharged with his accustomed energy and thoroughness. Lieutenant Bissell was my only aide, and was, therefore, busily em- ployed. He was much exposed, his duties keeping him more or less under fire at every point at which attacks were made. In my report of the battle of Chancellorsville, I took occasion to call attention to the great evils arising from the want of field officers for the artillery. The operations of this campaign, and especially the battle of Gettysburg, afford further proofs, if such were neces- sary, of the mistaken policy of depriving so important an arm of the officers necessary for managing it. In this campaign, for the command of 67 batteries (372 guns), with over 8,000 men and 7,000 horses, and all the mat6riel, aud large ammunition trains, I had one general officer commanding the reserve, and but four field officers (Brig. Gen. R. 0. Tyler, U. S. Volunteers, commanding Artillery Reserve; Lient. Col. F. McGilvery, First Maine Artillery, command- ing brigade Artillery Reserve; Col.C. H. Tompkins, First Rhode Island Artillery, Sixth Corps; Col. C. S. Wainwright, First New York Artillery, First Corps; Maj. T. W. Osborn, First New York Artillery, Eleventh Corps; Capt. J. M. Robertson, Second U. S. Artillery, commanding First Brigade Horse Artillery; Capt. J. C. Tidball, Second U. S. Artillery, commanding Second Bri a e Horse Artillery). In the seven corps, the artillery of two were commanded by colonels, of one by a major, of three by captains, and of one by a lieutenant, taken from their batteries for the purpose. The two brigades of horse artillery attached to the cavalry were commanded by captains, and there was one field officer in the reserve. The most of these commands in any other army would have been considered proper ones for a general officer. In no army would the command of tlie artillery 6f a corps be considered of less importance, to say the least, than that of a brigade of infantry. In none of our corps ought the artillery commander to have been of less rank than a colonel, and in all there should have been a p roper proportion of field officers, with the necessary staffs. The defects of our organization were made palpable at Gettysburg, not only on the field, but in the necessary and important duties of reorganizing the batteries, repairing dam- ages, and getting the artillery in condition to renew the battle, or take the road in efficient conditiou on the morning after a conflict. I respectfully and urgently call the attention of the commanding general, and through him of the War Department, to this subject. Not only does the service suffer, necessarily, from the great de- ficiency of officers of rank, but a policy which closes the door of promotion to battery officers, and places them and the arm itself under a ban, and degrades them in comparison with other arms of sei~vice, induces discontent, and has caused many of our best officers to seek positions, wherever they can find them, which will remov Page 243 CNA!~. XXXIX.] THE GEITYSBUEG CAMPAIGN. 243 them from this branch of the service. We have lost many such officers, and unless something is done to cure the evil we will lose more. The reports of the horse artillery were rendered to the cavalry officers under whose orders they served, and I have not yet received all of them. As their operations were detached from those of the main body of the army, and do not naturally connect with them, I reserve them as the subject of a separate report. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY J. HUNT, Brigadier-General and Chief of Artillery, Commanding. Brig. Gem S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac. ARTILLERY HDQRS. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, October 4, 1863. GENERAL: In compliance with your directions, I have the honor to state that the following were the captures from the army i~i the recent operations: First Corps lost one gun, 3-inch, from Reynolds battery (L, First New York), July 1; Eleventh Corps, one light 12-pounder, Heck- man s battery (K, First Ohio), July 1; Third Corps, three 10-pounder Parrotts, Smiths Fourth Independent New York Battery, July 2; Artillery Reserve, one 3-inch, Thompsons battery, Third and Fourth Pennsylvania, July 2; six lost. I received no report of captures from the enemy in an official forms although I heard that the cavalry had picked up several on the roads and that two were taken at Falling Waters. Respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY J. HUNT, Brig. Gen. ~. WILLIAMS, Major-General, Chief of Artillery. Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 29. Reports of M~4 Gen. Abner Doubleday, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division of, dnd First Army Corps. WASHINGTON, D. C., December 14, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, on the morning of June 28, the First Corps left Middletown, Md., for Frederick, and encamped in the western suburbs of that town, picketing the roads toward the northwest. On the 29th, it left Frederick, and after a long and toilsome march arrived at Emmitsburg; passed through that place, and bivouacked Thr the night on the heights to the north. This position had been carefully selected by General Reynolds as a defeUsive line, the rebels having been reported in some strength at Pairfield. On the 30th, we made a short march of 3 or 4 miles to Marsh Creek, where we again took up a defensive position, WadswQrth Page 244 244 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. division, with Halls (Second Maine) battery, covering the Gettys- burg road; my own division, with Coopers (First Pennsylvania Re- serve Volunteer) battery, covering the Fairfield road, and Robinson s division, with the remaining three batteries, some miles in rear as a reserve. It was General Reynolds intention to dispute the enemys advance at this point, falling back, however, in case of a serious at- tack, to the ground already chosen at Emmitsburg. Here he received orders to reassume the command of the right wing, consisting of his own (First), Howards (Eleventh), and SicI~les (Third) corps. In consequence of this order, he directed me to take command of the First Corps. On the eventful morning of July 1, between 7 and 8 oclock, Gen- eral Reynolds sent for me for the purpose of explaining the telegrams receive d by him in relation to the movements of the rebels and the latest position of our own troops. This information showed that the enemy was reported in force at Cashtown and Mummasburg, and that our cavalry was skirmishing with them on the roads leading from Get- tysburg to those places. He told me he had already given orders to Wadsworths division, with Halls battery, to move forward, and that he would accompany these troops in person, while I remained to bring up the balance of the corps. Owing to the intervals between the divis- ions and the necessity of calling in the pickets, from an hour and a half to two hours elapsed before the remaining troops were en route. Wadsworths division was, therefore, obliged to sustain the brunt of the action alone for this length of time. As soon as I saw that Rob- insons and Rowleys divisions, with the remaining batteries, had commenced the march, I rode on in advance of the column. The sound of rapid cannon firing convinced me that our cavalry was warmly engaged. I pushed forward at full speed, and soon over- took Wadsworths division, which had left the main road and was filing rapidly through woods and fields toward a ridge which ran north and south, about 400 yards to the west of the seminary, which is itself about a quarter of a mile to the west of Gettysb~irg, and located on a similar ridge parallel to the first. About 200 yards far- ther on, the former range of heights sloped down, and ended in a ravine called Willoughbys Run. On the most westerly of these ridges, General Reynolds had directed his line of battle to be formed, and was himself superintending the placing of Cutlers brigade as I rode up. I had previously sent an aide (Lieutenant Marten) to the general for instructions. He returned with orders for me to attend to the Millerstown road, on the left of our line. A small piece of Woods cut the line of battle in aboi~t two equal p arts. These woods possessed all the advantages of a redoubt, strengthening the center of our line, and enfilading the enemys columns should they advance in the open spaces on either side. I deemed the extremity of the woods, which extended to the summit of the ridge, to be the key of the position, and urged that portion of Merediths brigade, the Western men assigned to its defense, to hold it to the last extremity. Full of the memory of their past achievements, they replied cheerfully and proudly, If we cant hold it, where will you find men who can ~ General Reynolds intention appeared to be simply to defend the tw~ roads entering the town from the northwest a~id southwest, and to occupy and hold the woods between them. The principal effort of the enemy was made on the Cashtown road from the northwest, and was opposed at first by Cutlers brigade and Halls battery, the former gretelung ~grQss, tj~ 1aj~tcr p~~tec1 on, the right ef the ro~4 Page 245 CHAP. XXXIX.) ~rIIE ~ETTYSBIYRG CAMPAIGN. 245 Immediately on my arrival at the ridge, I rode to the left to exam- ine the ground in that direction, and then was engaged in overseeing the operations of Merediths brigade, commonly known as the Iron Brigade. These troops were formed in the following order, from right to left: The Secofid Wisconsin, Seventh Wisconsin, Nineteenth - Indiana, and Twenty-fourth Michigan Volunteers. The Sixth Wis- consin, together with the brigade guard, under Lieutenants Harris, of the Sixth Wisconsin, and Showalter, of the Second Wisconsin, had been detached by my order, to remain with me as a reserve. There was no time to be lost, as the enemy was already in the woods, and advancing at double-quick to seize this important central posi- tion and hold the ridge. The Iron Brigade, led by the Second Wis- consin in line, and followed by the other regiments, deployed en ~chelon without a moments hesitation, charged with the utmost steadiness and fury, hurled the enemy back into the run, captured, after a sharp and desperate conflict, nearly 1,000 prisonersall from Archers brigadeand reformed their lines on the high ground be- yond the ravine. The Second Wisconsin, in this contest, under the gallant Colonel Fairchild, was particularly distinguished. It accomplished the diffi- cult task of driving superior numbers of rebel infantry from the shelter of the woods, and to it also belongs the honor of capturing General Archer himself. He was brought in by Private atrick Maloney, of Company G. It is to be lamented that this brave Irish- man was subsequently killed in the action. The troops were now withdrawn to the eastern side of the run by my order, and reformed on a line with the Second Wisconsin, the Seventh Wisconsin taking the right of the new line and the Nine- teenth Indiana the left. Immediately after this, I took my position behind the left wing. I had hardly done so when I learned, with deep sorrow, that our brave and, lamented commander, Major-Gen- eral Reynolds, had just been shot, and was no more. This melan- choly event occurred in the beginning of the attack referred to, about 10.16 a. m. The whole burden of the battle was thus suddenly thrown upon me. The death of General Reynolds was followed by other disasters. A column of the enemys infantry had succeeded in approaching Halls battery to within a distance of 60 yards by charging up the ravine on his right, and had poured in a terrible and destructive fire at that short range. At the same time a vastly superior force advanced in two lines against Cutler, in front and on his right flank. General Wadsworth directed this brigade to fall back to the shelter of the woods on Seminary Ridge. This left Captain Hall without any sue- ports to his battery, and, as he received no orders to withdraw, his situation soon became a precarious one. The One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers, of Cutlers brigade, did not receive the order to retire; Lieutenant- Colonel Miller, its commander, having been wounded, was unable to communicate his instructions to his successor, Major Harney. The latter bravely held the regiment to its position until the enemy was in possession of the railroad cut on his left, thus intercepting his, line of retreat. During the half hour which elapsed before he could be relieved, his loss was 207 killed and wounded out of 380. The dispositions made by Captain Hall to meet the emergency and save his battery were both able and resolute. He broke the force of the charge against him by firing canister, and then ordered his bat Page 246 246 N. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. [CRAP. XXXIX. tery to retire by sections. The right section, while falling back, was charged npon by the enemys skirmishers, and 4 of the horses of one piece shot. The cannoneers, however, drew off the piece by hand. In reference to this period of the action, Captain Hall says, in his offi - cial report: As the last piece of the battery was coming away, all of itshorses were shot, and I was about to return for it myself, when General Wadsworth gave mea peremptory order to lose no time, but get my battery in position near the barn on the heights, to cover the retiring of the troops. I sent a sergeant and 5 men after the piece, all of whom were wounded or taken prisoners. Captain Hall was now withdrawn behind Seminary Ridge by way of the railroad grading, which inns 2learly parallel to the Cashtown road, and is about 100 yards froii itan unfortunate route to take, as it was swept by the enemys guns. He was soon afterward assigned to a new and more advanced position by an aide-de-camp of the di- vision commander, but, in attempting to occupy it, he was fired upon by the rebel advance, who already held possession of the ground, and he again withdrew. The whole of these events had occurred on the right so soon after my arrival, that there was no opportunity for me to interpose, issue orders, or regulate the retreat. The moment was a critical one, in- volving the defeat, perhaps the utter rout, of our forces. I imn~e diately sent for one of Merediths regiments (the Sixth Wisconsin), a gallant body of men, whom I knew could be relied upon. F~rmuig them rapidly perpendicular to the line of battle on the enemys flank, I directed them to attack immediately. Lieutenant-Colonel Dawes, their commander, ordered a charge, which was gallantly executed. The enemy made a hurried attempt to change front to meet the attack, and flung his troops into the railroad cut for safety. The Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers, Colonel Biddle, and the Four- teenth Brooklyn, under Colonel Fowler, joined in the charge; the cut was carried at the point of the bayonet, and two regiments of Davis (rebel) brigade were taken prisoners. The results of this maneuver were the capture of the two rebel regiments referred to, with their battle-flags, the release of the One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers, which had been cut off, and the recapture of one of Halls pieces, which had been left, in consequence of all the horses having been shot down and men wounded or killed. I immediately directed the original line of battle to be resumed, which was done. All this was accomplished in less than half an hour, and before General Howard had arrived on the field or assumed command. Tidballs horse battery was now or- dered up by General Wadsworth, to replace Halls battery, which had been very ~nuch cut up. Tidball was soon hotly engaged with a battery in his front. Soon after, Captain Reynolds was sent to re- lieve him. Upon taking a retrospect of the field, it might seem, in view of the fact that we were finally forced to retreat, that this would have been a proper time to retire; but to fall back without orders from the commanding general might have inflicted lasting disgrace upon the corps, and as General Reynolds, who was high in the con ence of General Meade, had formed his lines to resist the entrance of the enemy into Gettysburg, IL naturally supposed that it was the inten- ti9n to defend the place. There were abundant reasons for holding it, for it is the junction of seven great roads leading to Hagerstown, Chambersburg, Car Page 247 ~HA~ ~XXIXi THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 247 lisle, York, Baltimore, Taneytown, and Washington, and is also an important railroad terminus. The places above mentioned are on the circumference of a circle of which it is the center. It was, there- fore, a strategic point of no ordinary importance. Its possession would have been invaluable to Lee, shortening and strengthening his line to Williamsport, and serving as a base of maneuvers for future operations. I knew that Slocums and Sickles corps were within striking distance when we left Marsh Creek; that Howards corps was already passing through the streets of the town, and that the remaining divisions of the First Corps were almost up. A re- treat without hard fighting has a tendency to demoralize the troops who retire, and would, in the p resent instance, in my opinion, have dispirited the whole army and~ injured its morale, while it encour- aged the enemy in the same proportion. There never was an oc- casion in which the result could have been more momentous upon our national destiny. Final success in this war can only be attained by desperate fighting, and the infliction of heavy loss upon the enemy; nor could I have retreated without the full knowledge and approbation of General Howard, who was my superior officer, and who had now arrived on the field. Had I done so, it would have un- covered the left flank of his corps. If circumstances required, i~t, it was his place, not mine, to issue the order. General Howard, from his commanding position on Cemetery Hill, could overlook all the enemys movements as well as our own, and I therefore relied much upon his superior facilities for observation to give me timely warn- ing of any unusual danger. I sent wordto him shortly after this that, in addition to the forces opposed to me, Ewells corps was coming down on my right flank, and requested him to protect that portion of the line with the Eleventh Corps. Almost at the same time he sent me the same information, together with instructions to hold Seminary Hill at all hazards, if driven back. Just previous to this, the remainder of the First Corps, consisting of Robinsons and Rowleys divisions, came up. I imme- diately directed General Robinson to station his division in reserve at the seminary, and to throw up some slight intrenchments, to aid me in holding that point in case I should be driven back. I divided Rowleys division, sending Stones brigade to the open space on the right of the wood, to close the interval between Cutler and Meredith. The other brigade, under Colonel Biddle, One hundred and twenty- first Pennsylvania Volunteers, was posted on the left and rear of the Iron Brigade, toward the Millerstown road. General Rowley had charge of this part of the line. Later in the day he intrusted the extreme left to Colonel Gates, Twentieth New York State Militia, who, with his own regiment and the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, under Lieutenant-Colonel McFarland, stubbornly maintained it to the last. He was greatly aided in this by two companies of skirmishers from his regiment, who occupied a house and barn in advance of our left, on the other side of the ravine. I relied greatly on Stones brigade to hold the post assigned them, as I soon saw I would be obliged to change front with a portion of my line to face the northwest, and his brigade held the pivot of the movement. My confidence in this noble body of men was not mis- placed, as will be shown hereafter. They repulsed the repeated at- tacks of vastly superior numbers at close quarters, and maintained their position until the final retreat of the whole line. Stone himself was shot down, battling to the last. The gallant Colonel Wister Page 248 248 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. CHAP. XXXII. who succeeded him in command, was also wounded, and the command devolved upon Colonel Dana, of the One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers. This brigade, in common with almost every regiment in the Third Division, were Pennsylvanians, and were actuated by a heroic desire to avenge the invasion of their native State. General Howard now formed his lines to resist the advance of Ewells corps, which came from the northeast. The corps of A. P. Hill, opposite us, at once made a junction with the new-comers. This~ compelled me also to change front, with Wadsworths division on Stones brigade as a pivot, so that the two branches of my line of battle were facing, the one west, the other northwest. I relied upon the woods and ridges to partially shield the troops from an enfilading fire. In consequence of Ewells new line of battle, Wadsworth threw back Cutlers brigade to Seminary Ridge, to avoid a battery upon his flank. Both Tidballs and Reynolds batteries were obliged to retire, as they were exposed to a cross-fire from two directions. Captain Re no ds was badly wounded in the eye, but for a long time refused to leave the field. Colonel Stone, who had been contending with very little shelter agaipst the rebel infantry and two batteries on the other side of the run, suffered some loss from the same enfilading battery which had rendered a change of front necessary on the part of Wadsworth. Leaving Colonel Wisters regiment, the One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, still facing the west, he threw successively Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight, with the One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania, and Colonel Dana, with the One hundred and forty- third Pennsylvania, into the Cashtown road, facing a little east of north. As this left an open space of some 200 yards between the right of Stone and the left of Cutler, and as the rebels at this time were not making any strong demonstrations against onr left, Coopers battery fired through the interval, and Biddles brigade changed front to sup- port it. Shortly after this, Lieutenant Wilb er, of Battery L, First New York Artillery, was sent, in answer to a request from General Wadsworth for a battery, and posted in an orchard on the south side of the Cash- town road, where the right flank ~was sheltered by a house and barn. The remaining two sections were posted on the open crest, also to the south of the road. I had hoped General Howard would have been able to connect with the right of my line, but after General Schurz had formed his division, there was a wide interval between the two corps. This gap might have been filled by my falling back to the Seminary Ridge, but un- fortunately that ridge is open ground, and could have been, as it was afterward, enfiladed by Ewells batteries throughout its whole ex- tent. Finding it necessary to stop this gap at all hazards, I directed General Robinson, whose division I had kept in reserve, to send one of his brigades there. He detailed General Baxter for that purpose. This brigade moved forward and formed on the right of Wadsworths division, but an interval still existed of nearly 400 yards between Baxters right and the Eleventh Corps. The enemy attacked in this interval, and were driven back by a change of front. They then as- sailed the left flank of the brigade, obliging Baxter again to change front. He drove the rebels before him in handsome style, but was constantly outflanked and enfiladed. Nevertheless, the brigade be- haved nobly, capturing a great number of prisoners, the Eighty Page 249 C~p. XXXIX.) THE GETTYSBU1~G CAMPAIGN. 249 eighth Pennsylvania taking two battle-flags and the Ninety-seventh New York one. They were greatly aided in this by a galling lire poured in on the flanks of the enemy by the Twelfth Massachusetts. Finding Baxter was in danger of being overpowered, I directed General Robinson to go in person to his assistance with the remaindar of his division (Pauls brigade). Stewarts battery, of the Fourth U. S. Artillery, was also sent to report to General Robinson. Part of Pauls brigade was posted by General Robinson as a support to Bax- ter against an enemy advancing on our front, and part was posted perpendicular to our line to protect the right flank. General Robin- son says: The enemy now made repeated attacks on the division, in all of which he was handsomely repulsed, with the loss of three flags and about 1,000 prisoners. In one of these attacks I was deprived of the services of the veteran commander of the First Brigade, Brigadier-General Paul, who fell, severely wounded, while gallantly directing and encouraging his command. The division held this position on~the right, receiving and repelling the fierce attacks of a greatly superior number, not only in front, but on the flanks, and, when the enemys ranks were broken, charg- ing upon him, and capturing his colors and his men, from about noon until nearly 5 p. in., when I received orders to withdraw. These orders not being received until all the other troops, except Stewarts battery, had commenced moving to the rear, the division held its ground until outflanked right and left, and retired, fighting. From the nature of the, enemys attacks, frequent changes were rendered necessary, and they were made promptly, under a gauing fire. Soldier~ never fought better or inflicted severer blows upon the enemy. When out of ammunition, their boxes were replenished from those of their killed or wounded comrades. Ewells forces advanced about 1.30 p. m. in two deployed lines, supported by a third line of battalions en masse. A portion of these made the attack already referred to against Baxters left, in which they w& re repulsed. Their defeat was partly owing to the fact that they became separated from their main line, and swung around in such a manner as to expose their flank to Colonel Stones troops in the road, -who took advantage of the opportunity to pour in a destruc- tive fi.re at long range. Having thus failed in their assault upon Robinsons division, they next made a determined advance against the two regiments in the road. To meet this, Colonel Stbne sent one of these regiments, the One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania, under Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight, forward to the railroad cut. This formed en ~chelon about 100 yards to the front and left of Colonel Danas regiment (One hun- dred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers). In spite of two most effective volleys of musketry, the enemy struggled on to within 30 yards of the cut. Here, however, they were driven back in confusion by a spirited bayonet charge ordered by Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight. Dana was at the same time warmly engaged in protecting the flank o~ the advanced regiment. The enemy, immediately after this, brought a battery to enfilade the cut, and Dwight was forced to fall back to his first position, on Danas left. It was in this affair that Colonel Stone was severely wounded, and Colonel Wister assumed command of the brigade. The rebels noW advanced from the northwest to flank the two regi- ments in the road, but the One hundred and fiftieth Regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Huidekoper, changed front forward and met the enemy precisely as Dwight had met them, with two volleys of mus- ketry and a gall an a onet charge, led by Colonel Wister in person; this dispersed them. Another desperate onslaught came from the north, passed the railroad cut, and almost reacli~ed the road, only Page 250 ~tiO N. C., VA., W. VA., M1~., PA., ~W. [OHAP. ~[XXtX. however, to encounter another defeat from the irresistible bayonets of our men. The next attack came from the west, but was again repulsed by the indomitable One hundred and fiftieth Regiment. Colonel Wister was now severely wounded in the face. Colonel Dana, who assumed command, contested the position with ~rarying fortunes until the close of the battle. Just previous to this, the brave and resolute Lieutenant-Colonel Huidekoper had faced four compa- nies of his regiment to contend with the opposing forces from the west, while six companies kept off an entire brigade from the north. Lieutenant-Colonel Huidekoper lost his arm at this point, and as Major Chamberlain was also wounded, the command devolved upon Captain Widdis. Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight was left upon the field wounded in three places; and fell temporarily into the hands of the enemy. Every regiment of Stones brigade changed front forward, and two regiments changed front to the rear while closely engaged. The most eminent military writers regard the first movement as difficult, and the last as almost impossible, to be executed under fire. About 4 p. m. the enemy, having been strongly re-enforced, ad- vance in arge numbers, everywhere deploying into double and triple lines, overlapping our left for a third of a mile, pressing heav- ily upon our right, and overwhiAming our center. It was evident Lees whole army was approaching. Our tired troops had been fighting desperately, some of them for six hours. They were thor- oughly exhausted, and General Howard had no re-enforcements to give me. It became necessary to retreat. All my reserves had been thrown in, and the First Corps was now fighting in a single line It is stated by General Wadsworth in his official report -that the portion of the Eleventh Corps nearest to us, unable to stand the pres- sure, had fallen back some time before this, and that our right flank was thus uncovered, so far as that corps was concerned. Biddles brigade about this time again changed front to meet the strong lines advancing from the west. I now gave orders to fall back, this and Merediths brigades covering the niovement by occupying the in- trenchments in front of the seminary, which I had directed to be thrown up as a precautionary measure to assist in holding the new position. Coo p ers battery was assigned by the chief of artillery on the north, and Stevens battery (Fifth Maine) on the south of the seminary, and the shattered remnants of the Iron Brigade also fell into line. From behind the feeble barricade of rails these brave men stemmed the fierce tide which pressed upon them incessantly, and held the rebel lines, which encircled them on three sides, at bay until the greater portion of the corps had retired. The One hundred and, fifty-first, One hundred and forty-second, One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Twentieth New York State Militia, of B~ddles command (the last two under Colonel Gates, of the Twentieth New York State Militia), and the Second and Seventh Wisconsin and Nineteenth Indiana, of the Iron Brigade, here made their final stand. Captain [ilollon] Richardson, acting assistant inspector-general, of Merediths staff, rode up and down the lines, waving a regimental flag and encouraging the men to do their duty. The troops, with the assistance of part of Stewarts battery, under Lieutenant Davison, poured in so deadly a fire as to wholly break up and disable the first linQ of the enemy approaching from the west; hut the other lines pressed on, and soon comme~nced a flank attack Page 251 CI~AP. XXXIXI 251 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. which it was no longer possible to answer. When all the troops at this point were overpowered, Captain Glenn, of the One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in command of my head- quarters guard, defended the building for fully twenty minutes against a whole brigade of the enemy, enabling the few remaining troops, the ambnlances, artillery, & c., to retreat in comparative safety. The batteries had all been brought back from their advanced po Si- tions and posted on Seminary Hill. They greatly assistedthe orderly retreat, retarding the enemy by their fire. They lost heavily in men and horses at this point, and, as they retired to the town, were sub- jected to so heavy a fire that the last gun was left, the horses being all shot down by the enemys skirmishers, who had formed line within 50 yards of the road by which the artillery was obliged to pass. The First Corps only consisted of about 8,200 men when it entered the battle. It was reduced at the close of the engagement to about 2,450. It must be remembered that A. P. Hills corps alone, which fought us on the west, was estimated at 35,000 men, of which 25,000 utider Heth and Pender, were in line opposed to us, and that Ewells corps, which attacked us on the north, was said to amount to 30,000 more. Its two divisions with which we contended, under Rodes and Early, contained about 20,000 men. Reserves amounting to 20,000 additional men, belonging to the two corps, and backed by the whole rebel army, were within a few hours march. When that part of th.Eleventh Corps adjacent to us fell back, a force of 30,000 men was thrown upon the First Corps, which in the beginning only contained about 8,200. I remained at the seminary superintending the final movement until thousands of hostile bayonets made their appearance around the sides of the building. I then rode back and rejoined my command, nearly all of whom were filing through the town. As we passed through the streets, the pale and frightened inhabitants came out of their houses, offering us f6od and drink and the expression of their deep sorrow and sympathy. The written statements of the division commanders in regard to the details of this p nod are slightly con- flicting. I therefore present extracts from the reports themselves. General Robinson has already been quoted. General Wadsworth says: I received orders direct from Major-General Howard to hold Seminary Ridge as long as possible. Tidballs battery had been driven back, but about 3 p. m. Bat- tory B, Fourth Regular Artillery, commanded by Lieutenant Stewart, came to our assistance, and rendered effective service, demolishing a brigade of the enemy by a destructive fire of canister and shell. Battery L, First New York Artillery, and the Fifth Maine Battery, were likewise engaged in position near the seminary. At about 2.30 p. m. Major-General Schurz, who had been advanced on our right, fell back after partially engaging the enemy, and left our right exposed. The enemy advanced in large force from that direction, and on our left the Third Division of this corps was driven back. Finding myself outflanked on both right and left, heavily pressed in front, and my ammunition nearly exhausted, I ordered the com- mand to retire at 3.45 oclock. The movement was effected in good order, and all the artillery brought off safely, excepting one caisson, the Seventh Wisconsin bringing up the- rear and suffering heavily with the whole of the command from the fire from our front and both flanks. The severity of the contest during the day will be indicated by the painful fact that at least half of the officers and nien who went into the engagement were killed or wounded. General Rowley says: A general advance of the enemys infantry was now made in two very strong lines, the rigbt of which outflanked tbe First Brigade, at that time consisting only of three small regiments, numbering together not over 830 men and officers, th Page 252 252 ~. c., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., 3~PO. [CHAP. XXX!X. One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers having been previously de- tached from that brigade to support the part of our line on the right of the wood. When the enemy was first observed advancing on their e*treme right, they issued from a piece of woods extending north and south, a mile distant from the First Brigade, the brigade being then faced to the north, and aln~ost at right angles to its original position. A change of front of this part of the division was ordered, and executed under a heavy fire. After the change, the One hundred and forty- second Pennsylvania Volunteers and Twentieth New York State Militia were on the right and center of the brigade, and the One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers on the left, with the battery between the One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers and Twentieth New York State Militia. Notwithstanding the murderous fire with which the enemy was received by my left, the disparity between the contending forces was too great to render it possible for our line to hold its position. The First Brigade gradually fell back, firing, until it reached a cover of rails, hastily thrown up by some of the other troops, in front of the seminary. Here it remained, together with some men of the First Division, fighting desper- ately, and until time was afforded to most of our other troops, to the artillery, and to the ambulances to withdraw in an orderly mannnr from the town in the direction of Cemetery Hill, and until the advancing lines of the enemy were gaining on our flanks. At the breastworks, Colonel Biddle, commanding the First Brigade, was wounded in the head by a shot, but he still remained on the field, and retired with his men, and reformed them on arriving in rear of Cemetery Hill, behind which Colonel Dana, with the Second Brigade, with reformed lines, was also again ready for service. The Second Brigade, on first falling back, halted in a peach orchard, where it renewed its fire, giving time for the removal of a battery which had been established there. Arrived at the cemetery, our lines, with those of the Eleventh Corps, were reformed under the direction of Major-General Howard. Our batteries were placed ~upon the summit of the hill, the Ejrst Corjs having been directed to occupy the ground to the west ofthe roa , th4 Eleventh Corps being on its right. A portion of the troops was placed behind the hill in reserve. Major-General Hancock now rode up, and informed me he had been placed in command of both corps. He at once directed me to send a force to support a battery which had been established on a lower range of hills, some 100 yards to the east of our position, protecting our flank in that direction. I complied with the order, and sent the remainder of Wadsworths division there. Immediately afterward orders came from Major-General Howard, who ranked Hancock, to send the troops in another direction. This occasioned at the time som~e little delay and confusion. No very serious demonstrations were made against our new position, and the hours passed away until sundown in comparative quiet. The operations of the day were of necessity accompanied by severe losses in killed, wounded, and missing, on account of the great dis- parity in numbers and the prolonged nature of the contest. This preliminary battle, however, had the most important bearing on the results of the next two days, as it enabled the whole army to come up and re-enforce the admirable position to which we had retreat Had we retired earlier in the day, without co-operation with the other~ parts of the army, the enemy by a vigorous pursuit might have pene- trated between the corps of Sickles and Slocum, and have either crushed them in detail or flung them off in eccentric directions. The whole retreat from the commencement was most creditable to the troops engaged. There was no hurry and no confusion, but the regi- ments fell back calmly, turning from time to time to check the ene- mys advance by volleys of musketry, and again retreating. From the admixture of so many different regiments at the seminary, it be- came impossible to reorganize them in good order without a delay which would have exposed the men to certain destruction. I saw Page 253 Cu~u~. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 253 however, no running or undue haste. All the troops passed tran- quilly on, although the enemy was firing into them from the side streets, and all reformed promptly on their arrival at Cemetery Hill, and in a very short time were again ready for service. The Sixth Wisconsin marched through the streets in a body, stopping from time to time to return the fire ~f the enemy, and giving hearty cheers for the good old cause and the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers. I have said the losses were exceedingly heavy. More than half of those who went into the battle were killed or wounded. In the Sec- ond Wisconsin, 69 came back out of 302; in the Nineteenth Indiana, 78 returned out of 288; the One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers,. Colonel Wisters regiment, ~out of about 400 men and 17 officers, lost, in killed, wounded, and missing, 16 officers and about 316 men; the One hundred and and forty-ninth Pennsylvania Vol- unteers lost in the same proportion. That portion of the Eleventh Corps posted beyond the almshouse had fought with great obstinacy until its right flank was turned by Earlys division, and further resistance had become hopeless. It then fell back to the town, and choked up the main street at the very time Pauls brigade was attempting to pass. This resulted in heavy loss to the brigade. It gives me great pleasure to state that~ my division commanders used unwearied efforts to hold the portions of the line assigned them. General Robinson guarded the right flank with great cour- age and skill when it was left exposed toward the close of the day. General Wadsworths division opened the combat, and defended the Center of tI4e line to the very last, while General Rowley held the left wing under the most adverse circumstances, and, with a portion of Wadsworths men, covered the retreat of the main body by suc- cessive khelorts of resistance. I concur with the division commanders in their estimate of the good conduct and valuable services of the following-named officers and men. General Wadsworth says of the First Division: The officers of my staff and of my command performed their whole duty without an exception. Under these circumstances, I cannot particularly commend any of them without doing injustice to others equally meritorious. General Cutler, commanding the Second Brigade, First Division, whose coolness and self-possession were remarkable, and who had two horses shot under him, says: Colonel Hofmann, Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Major Harney, One hun- dred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers; Major Pye, Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers, and Captain Cook, Seventy-sixth New York Volunteers, deserve special mention for gallantry and coolness. Colonel Fowler, Fourteenth Brooklyn, for charging the enemy at the railroad cut, in connection with the Ninety-fifth New York and Sixth Wisconsin, by which the One hundred and forty-seventh New York was reliev~d from its perilous position. Major Grover, commanding the Seventy- sixth New York Volunteers, a brave and efficient officer, was killed early in the ac- tion of the 1st instant, and the command devolved upon Capt. John E. Cook, and most ably and faithfully did he perform his duty. Lieutenant-Colonel Miller, com- manding the One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers, was severely wounded at the head of his regiment on the 1st instant. Colonel Biddle, Ninety- fifth New York, was wounded in the breast. Major Harney, of the One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers, and Major Pye, of the Ninety-fifth New York, on assuming command of their respective regiments, did all that brave men and good soldiers could do, and deserve well for their services. Sergt. Henry H. Hubbard, Company C, One hundred and forty-seventh New York, was in command 4the prQyQst-guard of the brigade on th~ ~nori1ipg of the 1st inst~nt, 1~ Page 254 254 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. the guard, consisting of 18 men, on the right of the Seventy-sixth New York, and fought until the battle was over, losing 12 of his men. He deserves promotion. The color-sergeant of the One hundred and forty-seventh New York was killed, and the colors were caught by Sergt. William A. Wybourn, of Company I, One hundred and forty-seventh New York, and brought off the battle-field by him, notwithstand- ing he was himself severely wounded. In closing, I beg leave to acknowledge my treat obligations to Capt. J. A. Kellogg, acting assistant adjutant-general; Capt. William Bloodgood, acting aide; Lieut. S. W. Woodrow, of the Ninety-fifth New York, and Lient. T. W. Miller, volunteer aide on my staff. These officers all acted with the most perfect coolness and bravery throughout the whole action. Every one of my staff and orderlies were dismounted by having their horses shot; Lieutenant Miller and Captain Bloodgood twice each, and Lieutenant Woodrow three times. The report of General Meredith, commanding the First Brigade, First Division, has not been received, lie having sustained severe in- ternal injuries by the falling of his wounded horse. Copies of sev- eral of the regimental reports, however, having been laid before me, I take pleasure in calling attention to the following-named officers and men mentioned by regimental commanders: The Seventh Wisconsin Volunteers was commanded by CoL W. W Robinson, whose condnct was everything that could be desired. He speaks of Lieutenant-Colonel Callis, who was wounded, and of Major Finnicum; also of Sergt. Daniel McDermott, color-bearer, who had his flag-staff shattered by canister shot dnring the retreat, and who was himself severely wonnded. While in this condition, he was placed upon a caisson, and rode off waving his tattered flag in defi- ance of the enemy. No report has been obtained from the commanding officer of the Twenty-fourth Michigan or Second Wisconsin Regiments~ excejpting a brief statement from Lieutenant-Colonel Mansfield, of the latter regiment, giving the number of killed, wounded, and missing. In the Nineteenth Indiana, Private James Stickley, of Company C, deserves special mention for refusing to leave the field when badly wounded. He was killed late in the action. Lieutenant Jones, of Company B, and Lieutenant East, of Compamiy C, fell while cheering on their men. Sergeants [James] Ferguson and [Andrew] Beshears, of Company H; [Thomas] Winset and [Thomas J.] Daugherty, of Company K; [Thomas K.] Michener, of Company E, and [Allen W.] Ogborn, of Company B, were among the killed who are worthy of special notice. The active and fearless Lieutenant-Colonel Dudley lost a leg; Major Lindley, always cool and courageous, was wounded in the hand; Captains Holloway, Ives, and Shafer, and Lieutenants Wilson, Schlagle, Campbell, Witemyre, Macy, Branson, Patrick, Gisse, and Nash were also wounded while doing all that men could do to insure success. The two last-mentioned officers refused to leave the field. Captains Hart, Makepeace, and Greene, and Lieutenant Richardson, fell into the enemys hands. This regiment was com- manded by Col. Samuel J. Williams, and to his promptness, courage, and skill it is in a great measure indebted for increasing the high reputation it already enjoyed. In the Sixth Wisconsin, Adjt. Edward P. Brooks is mentioned for greatly aiding the successful capture of the two regiments in the railroad cut, by throwing a body of men into the cut so as to enfilade the rebel line. Corpl. F. Asbury Waller, of Company I, captured the colors of the Second Mississippi previous to the surrender of that regiment. Major Hauser was particularly brave and-efficient. Capt. John Ticknor and Lient. Orrin D. Chapman, who were killed in the charge, were a great loss to the service. Capt. Rollin P. Convers Page 255 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 255 and Lieut. Charles P. Hyatt, of Company B, and Lieutenant Gol- termaun, of Company F, were also among the highly distinguished. The commander of the regiment, Lient. Col. R. R. Dawes, proved himself to be one of the ablest officers on the field. General Robinson, commanding the Second Division, thus ~om- mends the officers and men of his command: The instances of distinguished gallantry are too numerous to be embodied in this report, and I leave it to the brigade and regimental commanders to do justice to those under their immediate commands. When all did so well it is difficult to dis- criminate. As, however, they came under my personal observation, I cheerfully indorse the remarks of General Baxter in commendation of Colonel Coulter, Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers; Colonel Wheelock, Ninety-seventh New York; Colonel Lyle, Ninetieth Pennsylvania; Colonel Bates and Lieutenant-Colonel Allen, Twelfth Massachusetts; Lieutenant-Colonel Moesch, Eighty-third New York, and Major Foust, Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania. After the fall of General Paul, the command of the First Brigade devolved successively upon Colonel Leonard, Thirteenth Massa- chusetts, Colonel Root, Ninety-fourth New York, and Colonel Coulter, Eleventh Pennsylvania, all of whom were wounded while exercising command. My thanks are due to Brigadier-Generals Paul and Baxter for the able and zealous manner in which they handled their brigades. The officers of my staff were actively engaged during the whole of the three days engagements. Lieutenant Morgan, acting assist- ant adjutant-general, Lieutenant Hallock, aide-de-camp, and Lieutenants Bratton and Mead, acting aides, were at all times distinguished for their gallantry and good conduct. Captain Hovey, acting assistant inspector- eneral, was wounded and taken from the field early in the day. Lieutenant Smith, ordnance officer, was diligent in the performance of his duty. It affords me pleasure to call special at- tention to the gallant conduct of one of my orderlies, Sergt. Ebenezer S. Johnson, First Maine Cavalry, whose chevrons should be exchanged for the epaulette. When we make officers of such men, the soldier receives his true reward and the service great benefit. General Rowley, commanding the Third Division, says: I take pleasure in calling to the notice of the commanding general, Col. Chapman Biddle, commanding the First Brigade, and Colonel Dana, commanding the Second Brigade, and also the following officers, recommended by brigade commanders: Colonel Gates, Twentieth New York State Militia; Lieutenant-Colonel McFarland, One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers (severely wounded); Lieuten- ant-Colonel McCalmont and Major Biddle, One hundred and forty-second Pennsyl- vania Volunteers; Major Musser, One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Vol- unteers; Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight and Captains Irvin and Glenn, One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Colonel Wister, Lieutenant-Colonel Huidekoper, Major Chamberlain., and Adjutant Ashurst, One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, as being distinguished for bravery. The members of the brigade staff are likewise favorably noticed. I would also call to the notice of the commanding general, Lient. William L. Wilson (slightly wounded), acting assistant adjutant-general; Captain Flagg (killed July 8), acting assistant inspector-general, and Lieutenant Moore, One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, aide- de-campall acting on my staff July 1for gallant conduct. The death of Colonel Cummins, One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, a brave and efficien~t officer, has occasioned feelings of regret throughout the command. My thanks are specially due to a citizen of Gettysburg named John Burns, ~yho, although over seventy years of age, shouldered his musket, and offered his services to Colonel Wister, One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Colonel Wister advised him to fight in the woods, as there was more shelter there, but he preferred to join our line of skirmishers in the open fields. When the troops retired, he fought with the Iron Brigade. He was wounded in three places. Private Dennis Buckley, of Company H, Sixth Michigan Cavalry, having had his horse shot under him, also joined the One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and fought through.. out the day. Shortly after he came up, a shell from a rebel battery exploded in the midst of Company C, killing 5~ men ~nd dangerousl Page 256 256 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. wounding 3 others. Buckley joined this company, saying, This is the company for me, and remained throughout the entire engage- ment, doing excellent service with his carbine. He escaped unhurt. General Rowley himself displayed great bravery. He was several times struck by spent shot and pieces of shell, and on the third day his horse was killed by a cannon-shot while he was holding him by the bridle and conversing with me. Colonel Wainwright, chief of artillery, mentions in terwis of com- mendation Captain Reynolds, whose heroism was conspicuous; Cap- fain Tidball, Captain Cooper, Captain Stevens, the oft-distinguished Lieutenant Stewart, Lieutenant Davison, Lieutenant Breck. Lieu- tenant Wilburs gallantry is also the s~ubject of much praise. In conclusion, I desire to speak of the officers of my own staff. Colonel Wainwright, chief of artillery, was nnremitting in the dis- charge of his duties; Lieutenant-Colonel [Henry C.] Bankhead, in- spector-general, rendered most valuable services in carrying orders and reconnoitering the enemys movements; Surgeons Heard aiid [Thomas H.] Bache refused to leave our wounded, and remained with them as prisoners at Gettysburg until the retreat of the enemy re- leased and restored them to duty. Lieutenant-Colonel [Charles E.] Livingston, acting assistant inspector-general; Captain [Edward C.] Baird, assistant adjutant-general; Captain [Eminel P.] Halstead, assistant adjutant-general; Lieutenants [Henry T.] Lee and [Benja- min T.] Marten, aides-de-camp; Lieutenant [Harry C.] Egbert, com- missary of musters; Lieutenant [Frank H.] Cowdrey, assistant co~- missary of musters; Lieutenant [Harrison] Lambdin, acting aide-de- camp, all distinguished on other fields of battle, were equally distin- guished on the present occasion. Lieutenant [Meredith L.] Jones, abcting aide-de-camp, behaved with great coolness and courage. Lieu- tenant [Jacob F.] Slagle, acting judge-advocate-general, was active in carrying orders to exposed parts of the field. General Wadsworth has furnished me the following list of his staff, all of whom were distinguished for intrepidity and intelligent action: Lieutenant-Colonel [John A.] Kress, assistant inspector- general; Major [Clinton H.] Meneely, aide-de-camp; Lieutenant [Earl MI.] Rogers, provost-marshal; Lieutenant [Edward] Carrington, aide-de-camp; Captain [Charles H.] Ford, acting aide-de-camp; Cap- tain [Timothy E.] Ellsworth, aide-de-camp, and Captain [Charles] McClure, commissary of subsistence. Colonel [John G.] Stephenson, Librarian of Congress, acted as volunteer aide to General Meredith. He exposed himself freely on all occasions, and rendered many valuable services. I am much indebted, too, to Major [William] Riddle and Captains [Craig W.] Wadsworth and [Robert W.] Mitchell (General Rey- nolds aides), who kindly volunteered their services and were of great assistance; Captain [William H.] Wilcox, aide-de-camp, also brought me some orders from General Howard, and rendered himself useful; Captain Taylor, commanding General Reynolds escort, also reported to me, and was well employed in various duties, particularly in driving back stragglers at the close of the day. Lieutenant-Colonel [James J.] Dana, assistant quartermaster, and Lieutenant-Colonel [James M.] Sanderson, commissary of subsist- ence, deserve mention for services rendered in their respective de- partments. Colonel Fairchild, Second Wisconsin, who lost an arm, is univer~ ally sppl~eu of in the hi~hest terms Page 257 CHiP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 257 Colonel Morrow, Twenty-fourth Michigan, who was wounded while bringing off a regimental flag he had saved, fell into the hands of the enemy, but escaped afterward when they retreated from Get- tysburg. Colonel Morrow had some interesting conversations with General Ewell, of the rebel army, in relation to the battle and its incidents, and I obtained a statement from him on this subject, show- ing how the fight was regarded from a rebel point of view, and the unwilling admiration it excited. * I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. DOUBLEDAY, JI/Iajor-General of Volunteers. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMs, Asst. Adjutant-General, Hdqrs. Army q/~ the Potomac. JANUARY 2, 1864. Major-General DOUBLEDAY, Washington: In answer to your letter of the 30th ultimo to Major-General Meade7 I am instructed by him to say that he has no objection, provided the War Department consent thereto, to the publication of the report heretofore presented by you of the operations of your command at Gettysburg, which accompanied the commanding generals report of that battle, and is now among the records of the Adjutant-Generals office. But the commanding general declines sanctioning the publi- cation of the more detailed report you state you have prepared until he shall have had an opportunity of examining it, and he considers that if you have a report designed to take the place of that formerly rendered by you, the same should be transmitted to him, to be for- warded to the War Department, with such observations, if any, as he may desire t~ offer in connection with it. Very respectfully, & c., A. A. HUMPHREYS. Major-General and Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Major-General DOUBLEDAY, January ~5, 1864. Washington: I am directed by Major-General Meade to inform you that your revised report of the part taken by your command at the battle of Gettysburg has been transmitted to the Adjutant-General of the Army, with the request that it be substituted for the report hereto- fore rendered by you. I am instructed to add that the commanding general has no objec- tion to the publication of your revised report, if the same be sanc- tioned by the War Department. Very respectfully, & c., S. WILLIAMS, ________________________ Assistant Adjutant- General. * See Colonel Morrows report, p. 272. 17 R RVOL XXvII, PT Page 258 258 N. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. NEW YORK, September 19, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, on the evening of July 1, I resnmed Command of the Third Division of the First Corps, con- sisting of Rowleys and Danas brigades. A third brigade of Ver- mont troops, under General Stannard, also reported to me about twilight of the same day. It Consisted of the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Regiments. The Twelfth and Fifteenth had been directed to act as a guard to the wagon train. The Fifteenth came up the next morning, but was again ordered back for the same purpose. The remaining regiments, having marched with General Sickles troops through some mistake, were placed in the same line with them on the night of the 1st. They joined me the next morning, and were posted with my other brigades principally in reserve behind the western part of Cemetery Hill, to assist in the defense of that important position. On the 2d, the left wing of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Munson, was ordered forward to support a battery, and a company of the Sixteenth Vermont was sent out as a support to the skirmishers in front. Toward twilight on the evening of the 2d, I received orders from the corps commander to form my men at once, and go to the assistance of Hancocks corps, which had been driven in by a desperate charge of the enemy. I marched my command as rapidly as possible to the place indicated, which was about a quarter of a mile west of the cem- etery, and formed them on several lines by regiments for a charge: It was now discovered that the enemy bad retired, and we were ordered to halt. My advance, however, consisting of five companies of the Thirteenth Vermont, under Colonel Randall, met Major-General Hancock, and asked permission of him to keep on and endeavor to rescue the guns of a regular battery, which had just been captured. The request was granted. Colonel Randall charged the retreating enemy in handsome style, retook the four guns that had just been lost, and also took two rebel gun~, making six in all. My division bivouacked for the night on the ground occupied by us. The Sixteenth Vermont, under Colonel Veazey, was thrown out to the front on picket. The Vermonters, with the Twentieth New York and One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, held the front line during the remainder of the action, and the troops of Rowleys and Danas brigades, with the exceptions I have named, held the second and third lines. About 2 p. m. a terrific artillery fire opened on us from more than 100 guns. The firing was accurate and incessant, and lasted for sev- eral hours, blowing up caissons from time to time, and sweeping away artillery and staff horses, as well as men, in every direction. I told the brigade commanders to shelter men and officers as much as pos- sible, and, when the fire slackened, to be prepared to spring to their feet and meet the enemy with the bayonet, if necessary. Toward 5 oclock I received notice from General Hancock and others that the final charge of the enemy had commenced. Shortly after- ward several batteries and divisions from other corps reported to me as re-enforcements. I posted them, with the approbation of the corps commander, along the crest, at the points most threatened by the enemys advance. With reference to this period of the action, I desire to quote the re- ports of General Stannard and Colonel Gates, of the Twentieth Ne Page 259 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 259 York, the parties who were most actively engaged in my own divis- ion in repelling the charge. General Stannard says: The front line thus established was held by my brigade for twenty-six hours. At about 4 oclock on the morning of the 3d, the enemy commenced a vigorous artillery attack, which continued for a short time, upon my position. During its continuance I moved the Fourteenth, under command of Colonel Nichols, to the front of the main line about 75 yards, which was done at double-quick in good order. I then, with permission from my immediate commander, selected a position to occupy, if attacked with infantry, some distance in front of the main line. At about 2 p. m. the enemy again commenced a vigorous attack upon my posi- tion. After subjecting us for an hour and a half to the severest cannonade of the whole battle, from 100 guns or more, the enemy charged with a heavy column of infantry, at least one division in close column by regiments. The charge was aimed directly upon my command, but, owing apparently to the firm front shown them, the enemy diverged midway, and came upon the line upon my right. But they did not thus escape the warm recel)tion prepared for them by the Vermonters. During this charge, the enemy suffered from the fire of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth, the range being short. At the commencement of the attack, I called in the Sixteenth Regiment from the skirmish line, and placed it in close column by division in my immediate rear. As soon as the change in the point of attack became evident, I ordered a flank attack upon the enemys column. Forming in the open meadow in front of our lines, the Thirteenth changed front forward on the first company; the Sixteenth, after deploying, performed the same, and formed on the left of the Thirteenth, at right angles to the main line of our army, bringing them in line of battle upon the flank of the charging divisions of the enemy, and opened a destructiv~ fire at short range, which the enemy sustained but a very few moments before the larger portion of them surrendered and marched innot as conquerors, but as captives. I then ordered the two regiments into their former position. The order was not filled when I saw another rebel column charging immediately upon our left. Colonel Veazey, of the Sixteenth, was at once ordered to attack it in its turn upon the flank. This was done as successfully as before. The rebel forces, already decimated by the fire of the Fourteenth Regiment, Colonel Nichols commanding, were scooped almost en messe into our lines. The Sixteenth in this charge took the regimental colors of the Second Florida and Eighth Virginia Regiments, and the battle-flag of another rebel regiment. The Sixteenth was supported in this new and advanced position by four companies of the Fourteenth, under conumand of Lieutenant-Colonel Rose. * * * * * * * The movements I have briefly described were executed in the open field under a very heavy fire of shell, grape, and musketry, and they were performed with the promptness and precision of battalion drill. They ended the contest in the center and substantially closed the battle. Officers and men behaved like veterans, al- though it was for most of them their first battle. To this splendid record I have nothing to add. I Colonel Gates, c~f the Twentieth New York Volunteers, says: At 12.30 p. m. on the 3d, the enemy opened a furious cannonade upon our left center, which continued about two hours. At the end of tha.t time his infantry ad- vanced in two lines upon my position. When his first line received our fire, he faced to his left, and moved in the new direction until nearly opposite the hill on our left center, when he faced to the right, and moved rapidly in line of battle to- ward the hill. The second line followed the movements of the first. Perceiving that his intention was to get possession of the hill and the batteries upon it, which would have cut our line and greatly endangered our army, I moved my two regi- ments by the right flank quickly up to the hillside, which he had already com- menced ascending. Here some very sharp fighting took place. The enemy had got possession of the fence at the foot of the hill and of the slashing on the hillside caused by felling trees to clear the range for our guns. The fighting was now at quarter pistol range, and the fence and fallen trees gave the enemy considerable protection. I therefore ordered my men forward, and they sprang through and over the slashing and up to the fence, the enemy generally dropping their arms and surrendering themselves. Very few of the force that advanced to this attack got back to their own lines again. A great many prisoners were taken, whom I sent to the provost-marshal without guard or escort, as I had no men to spare Page 260 [CHAP. XXXIX. 260 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. I think these extracts show that it is to General Stannard and Colonel Gates the country is mainly indebted for the repulse of the enemys charge and the final victory of July 3. The troops in the second and third lines also deserve special corn- mendation, as they were equally exposed to the enemys missiles. Although the artillery fire was very severe, I did not see a man desert his post. After the retreat of the enemy, we remained where we were, and bivouacked upon the field. The Vermont regiment, on picket, was relieved, through the kindness of General Birney, by a division of the Third Corps. On the 4th, my troops still retained the same position on the field of battle. On the 5th, they retired a few hundred yards to obtain a more pleasant encampment. On the 6th, they remained in the same place. On the 7th, Ii left very early under orders for Washington. Among the circumstances worthy of mention which occurred on the third day was the death of the rebel General Barksdale. He was brought into my lines by my acting assistant inspector-general, Lieu- tenant-Colonel [C. E.] Livingston. His dying speech and last mes- sages for his family, together with the valuables about his person, were intrusted by him to Lieutenant-Colonel Livingston. I have already mentioned my staff in my report of the operations of the corps on the 1st. They did their whole duty without exception. Several had their horses shot. Lieutenant Cowdrey, assistant com- missary of musters, was wounded. I was myself struck toward the close of the day by a piece of shell, but was not seriously injured. Dr. [George M.] Ramsay, chief surgeon of the division, is entitled to my thanks for his valuable services. Captain [Chandler] Hall, assistant quartermaster; Captain rJohn D.] Adair, commissary of subsistence; Lieutenant [Charles T.] Shaw, ordnance officer, and Lieutenant [George R.] Snowden, of the ambulance corps, were all zealous and efficient in the discharge of their duties. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. DOUBLEDAY, .Miajor-General of Volunteers. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Asst. Adjt. Gem., Headquarters Army of the Potomac. No. 30. Reports of Maj. Gem. John Newton, U. S. Army, commanding First Army Corps.1 HEADQUARTERS FIRsT ARMY CoRPS, September 30, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this corps at the battle of Gettysburg and subsequently, until its arrival at Warrenton Junction: July 1.The operations of this day are fully set forth in Maj. Gen. Abner Doubledays report, who commanded the corps in the bloody and important battle which iuangurated the three days fight- ing at Gettysburg Page 261 CiI~. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 261 July 2.In obedience to an order from Headquarters Army of the Potomac, dated July 1, I reported in person to the general command- ing, at the cemetery gate, early in the morning of this day, and assumed command of the First Corps. II found the First Division (Brigadier- General Wadsworth) occupying the high wooded hill and slopes im- mediately on the right of General Howards position on Cemetery Hill, an important position, from which it was not detached during the subsequent operations at Gettysburg. Major-General Doubledays (Third) division was in reserve behind the Eleventh Corps on Ceme- tery Hill. Brigadier-General Robinsons (Second) division was like- wise posted on the Cemetery Hill, but on the left of the Eleventh Corps, and facing to the left in the position afterward occupied by the Second Corps. The artillery of the corps, except one battery with the First Division, was posted on Cemetery Hill, and was not detached from this position during all the subsequent fighting. Beyond an occasional shot at the moving columns of the enemy, everything remained quiet until the afternoon, when the enemy opened a brisk cannonade on my position, which was vigorously and effectively re- turned. Near sundown I was summoned to move my troops in haste to fill a gap in the line on the left of the Second Corps, into which the enemy was on the point of entering. Notwithstanding the incon- venient positions of the Second and Third Divisions, these were quickly filed into the new position in time to stay the progress of the enemy, who relinquished their attempt on our appearance. I was deeply gratified at the promptitude wit h which these divisions moved at this critical period, their movement not consuming one-half the time it would have taken on drill. During this movement, the right wing of the Thirteenth Vermont, under Colonel Randall, charged upon the eneniy, retook four of our guns, and captured two guns and 80 prisoners from them. Two more of our guns were retaken by the Second Brigade, Third Division. Night coming on, and active operations closing here for the day, parties were sent to the front to bring in such guns as had been left. They were successful to some extent, but the number thus reclaimed has never been reported. The Second Division was sent back to Cem- etery Hill, to support the Eleventh Corps, which was threatened by the enemy. The First Division was vigorously attacked about sun- down by the enemy, who were handsomely repulsed. One brigade of the Twelfth Corps, on their right, participated in this action. The position of the Eleventh Corps was attacked about the same time, the enemy succeeding in some instances in getting into the batteries, from which they were driven by the cannoneers themselves. July 3.The dawn of day found the position of the First Corps as follows: The First Division as before reported; the Second Divis- ion on Cemetery Hill, ready to support the Eleventh Corps or the Second Corps; the Third Division on the left center and adjoining the left of General Hancocks position. Between the left of the Third Division and General Sykes position on the left (an interval by my estimate of over half a mile), there were no troops in position. I reported this fact immediately to the general commanding, who authorized me to go to General Sedgwick, on the extreme left, and obtain troops from him to fill this gap. While proceeding on this mission, I encountered Caldwells division, of the Second Corps, not then forming part of General Hancocks line of battle, and with this officers consent I put it in position on the left of the Third Division Page 262 262 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXLX~ First Corps. General Sedgwick could only spare me the First New Jersey brigade (General Torbert), which was placed in position on I the left of General Caldwell. My own batteries, occupying impor- taut positions in the center and right center, might not with propriety be removed, and I therefore applied and obtained permission to call upon the Artillery Reserve for batteries. By about 12 oclock I considered my line between the left of Gen- eral Hancocks and the right of General Sykes as very secure, hav- ing in position the infantry above mentioned, batteries from the Ar- tillery Reserve, from the Third Corps, and one battery from the Sixth Corps. I must mention that the Third Corps, under Major-General Birney, which had suffered severely in the previous days fight, I found posted directly in rear of my line of battle, and I made arrangements with General Birney to draw upon him for such support as might be needed; and I take advantage of this opportunity to express my obligations for the cheerful and handsome manner in which he re- sponded to every call made upon him. Near 1 p. m. the enemy opened with about one hundred and twenty guns upon the position of the army, and kept up an incessant fire for a long period. This was intended to demoralize our troops and to cover the onset of their assaulting columns. They failed in their first object, our troops sustaining this terrific fire with admirable equa- nimity. At length their columns of attack began to move; one heavy column, a division, by General Stannards report, marching by bat- talion front, directed itself upon the front of the Third (Doubledays) Division, First Corps, but meeting with a warm fire from his front line of battle, composed of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Sixteenth Ver- mont Regiments, the Twentieth New York State Militia, and the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, swerved to the right to attack General Hancock. General Stannard immediately changed front forward, and, falling upon their flank, routed them, taking a large number of prisoners. This had hardly been done, when another column, attempting the left of General Doubledays front, was at- tacked in flank in a similar way and nearly the whole column killed, wounded, or captured. For these brilliant episodes of the battle, I respectfully call the attention of the general commanding to the re- ports of Major-General Doubleday and Brigadier-General Stannard. I wish to call particular attention to the conduct of the regiments above mentioned, and to the skillful manner in which they were handled on this day, as being greatly instrumental in overthrowing the enemys grand attack and in gaining for us a glorious victory. Brigadier-General Stannard, who was wounded the day before, re- fused to quit the field, and highly distinguished himself by his cool- ness and skill. Major-General Doubleday narrowly escaped with his life, having suffered a severe contusion from a fragment of a shell. With the first movement of the assaulting column of the enemy, I called upon General Birneyfor troops to form a reserve, first for one and subsequently for another division, which were promptly sent. With a portion of these troops I re-enfor6ed General Hancock, who was severely pressed by heavy masses of the enemy, holding the re- mainder in readiness to fall upon the enemy should they succeed in penetrating our linesa contingency which fortunately did not oc- cur. The Second Division, under General Robinson, was moved to sustain General Hancocks right, but did not become engaged. The First Division was also not engaged. The batter es of the corps, i Page 263 CH~& P. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. Common with the other batteries in position, vigoronsly and effectively replied to the enemys cannonading on this day. After the repnlse of the enemys attack (General Hancock having been wonnded), I was placed in command of the line connectin eral Howard. b General Sykes with Gen I conclude this report of the battle of Gettysburg by paying my tribnte to the gallant and efficient conduct of the staff: C apt. Craig W. Wadsworth, additional aide-de-camp; Capt. John S. Bliss, SiXty- seventh New York Volunteers, aide-de-camp, severely wounded; Lient. H. W. Jackson, Fourth New Jersey Volunteers, aide-de-camp; Liei~it. Col. H. C. Bankhead, assistant inspector-general; Lieutenant- Colonel Sanderson, commissary of subsistence, and First Lient. H. C. Egbert, Twelfth U. S. Infantry, commissary of musters. Colonel Wainwright, the chief of artillery of the corps; Captain Stevens, Fifth Maine Battery; Captain Reynolds, Battery L, First New York Artillery; Captain Cooper, Battery B, First Pennsylvania; Captain Hall, Second Maine Battery, and Lieutenant Stewart, Bat- tery B, Fourth U. S. Artillery, all displayed the greatest gallantry throughout the engagements of the three days. Surg. J. Theodore Heard, medical director, and Surg. T. H. Bache, medical inspector, remained in the town of Gettysburg during its occupation by the enemy, and deserve the highest praise for their zealous and unremitting attention to the wounded. July 4, the troops maintained the same position. The day was de- voted to collecting and caring for the wounded. On the 5th, the corps was concentrated, and attention was also given to the collecting of arms, the burial of the dead, and the care of the wounded. On the 6th, the corps marched to Emmitsburg. On the 7th, marched to Hamburg. On the 8th, marched to Turners Gap, where it took up position against a threatened attack of the enemy. On the 10th, it took position beyond Beaver Creek. On the 12th, it marched to Funkstown heights, and was posted in line of battle in presence of the eneiiy. On the 14th, it marched to Williamsport. On the 15th, to near Cramptons Pass. On the 16th, to near Berlin. On the 18th, it crossed the Potomac, and marched thence to Water- ford, Va. On the 19th, to Hamilton. On the 20th, to Middleburg. On the 22d, to White Plains. On the 23d, to Warrenton. On the 25th, to Warrenton Junction. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN NEWTON, 3lcijor- General, Commanding. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, Near Gettysburg, Pa., July 5, 1863. GENERAL: In compliance with circular of yesterday, I have the honor to forward you the following information: The number of colors ascertained to ha~we been captured by thi Page 264 [CHAP. XXXIX. 264 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. command in the late action was seven. Two, however, of the seven were again lostone by the party captnring the colors being again captured, and one taken from the private who captured it by some nnknown colonel. There have been buried, in front of this command, np to this date, but 4 officers and 103 enlisted men of the enemys dead. This arises from the want of tools, which were all taken from the corps in the action of the 1st instant. The entire command is supplied with 60 rounds of ammnnition per man, and three days rations from this a. m. Artillery ammunition report inclosed. * I am, general, very respectfnlly, & c., JOHN NEWTON, Major- General, Commanding. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, September 11, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to report, in compliance with circular of this date, that no gnns were lost by this corps dnring the recent cam- paign. Two gnns are reported captnre dfrom the enemy by General Stannard on the evening of the 2d July. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN NEWTON, lift ajor- General, Commanding. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. HDQRS. FIRST ARMY CORPS, October 3, 1863. The number of rebel dead buried by this corps at Gettysburg, as reported by divisions, is 7 officers and 404 men. JOHN NEWTON, Major- General. Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 31. Report of Lient. Joseph G. Rosen garten, One hundred and twenty- first Pennsylvania Infantry, Ordnance Officer. HDQRS. FIRST ARMY CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Hamilton, Loudoun County, Va., July 19, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that the following arms and equipments were captured from the enemy in the recent engagements near Gettysburg: Springfield rifled muskets 174 Enfield rifled muskets 2,402 Austrian rifled muskets 64 English rifled muskets 26 Harpers Ferry smooth-bore 212 Various 80 Total * Omitted Page 265 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETIYSBURcT CAMPAIGN. 265 Of these, a large part were turned in by the division ordnance officer to Lieutenant Edie at Frederick, and the balance were left at Gettysburg or used in arming returned convalescents, escaped pris- oners, & c. Turned in to post ordnance officer at Frederick, Md. Cartridge boxes Cap-pouches Cartridge-boxes, waist-belts, and plates Bayonet scabbards 1,246 848 500 1, 156 Issued to the troops of the Third DivisiOn: finn-slings 125 Ramrods Small-arms ammunition rounds.. 5,000 And that the following amount of small-arms ammunition was expended, viz: caliber. Rounds. .58 60,000 .54 4,000 .57 16,000 34,000 .57 8,000 .57 90,000 .58 7,000 .54 5,000 .57 8,000 .69 1,000 .54 8,000 .54 5,000 Total 241,000 First Division Second Division Issued from First Division train to Third Division Issuedfrom First Division train to Third Division, Eleventh Army Corps Very respectfully, J. G. ROSENGARTEN, Ordnance Officer, First Army Corps. General S. WILLIAMS, Asst. Adjt. Gem., lid qrs. Army of the Potomac. No. 32. Report of Brig. Gem. James S. Wadsworth, U. ,3. Army, corn utanding First Division. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, FIRST ARMY CORPS, In the Field, near Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to report to the major-general commanding the~ movements of this division during the last three days. On the morning of July 1, at 8 a. in., the division moved from Marsh Creek on Gettysburg, under the immediate direction of our deeply lamented commander, Major-General Reynolds. I understand that the general received information when we were wlthln about a mile of the town that the enemy were approaching from the direction of Cashtown. He immediately turned the head of the column to the left, across the fields, and str~ick the Cashtown road about three- quarters of a mile west of Gettysburg at about 10 a. m. The Second Brigade, Brigadier-General Cutler, led the column, followed by the Second Maine Battery, Captain Hall, the First Brigade, Brigadier Page 266 266 N. C.~ VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Cau. XXXIX. General Meredith, bringing up the rear. Here we met the advance guard of the enemy. Three regiments of the Second Brigade were ordered to deploy on the right of the road, the battery was placed in position near the road, and the balance of the division ordered up to the left of the road. The right became sharply engaged before the line was formed, and at this time (about 10.115 a. in.) our gallant leader fell, mortally wounded. The right encountered a heavy force, were outnumbered, outflanked, and after a resolute contest, bravely conducted by Brig- adier-General Cutler, fell back in good order to Seminary Ridge, near the town, and a portion of the command to a point still nearer the town. As they fell back, followed by the enemy, the Fourteenth New York State Militia, Colonel Fowler; Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Dawes, and Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers, Colonel Biddle, gallantly charged on the advance of the enemy, and captured a large number of prisoners, including two entire regiments with their flags. The other regiments of the First Brigade advanced farther on the left, and captured several hundred prisoners, including Brigadier-General Archer. The enemy feV[ back. I reformed the line, the Second Brigade on the right, on a ridge, the First in a piece of woodland on the left. The battery had fallen to the rear, disabled by the loss of horses. I found Tidballs battery on Seminary Ridge, and advanced it to the front line, where it engaged a battery of the enemy in front of us. Major-General Doubleday, commanding the corps at that time, arrived on the ground about the time, or very soon after, General Reynolds fell, with the Second and Third Divisions. The enemy advanced in heavy force on our right, and placed a battery in position to enfilade the line, and I was obliged to order the right to fall back to Seminary Ridge, forming the line north- westerly and diagonal to the Cashtown road. Two brigades of the Second Division were sent to our right, and gallantly held the enemy in check for aiY hour, capturing a large number of prisoners. I re- ceived orders direct from Major-General Howard to hold Seminary Ridge as long as possible. Tidballs battery had been driven back, but about 3p. m. Battery B, Fourth Regular Artillery, commanded by Lieutenant Stewart, came to our assistance, and rendered effective service, demolishing a bri- gade of the enemy by a destructive fire of canister and shell. Bat- tery L, First New York Artillery, and the Fifth Maine Battery were likewise engaged in position near the seminary. At about 2. 30p. m. Major-General Schurz, who had been advanced on our right, fell back after partially engaging the enemy, and left our right exposed. The enemy advanced in large force from that direction, and on our left the Third Division of this corps was driven back. Finding myself outflanked on both right and left, heavily pressed in front, and my ammunition nearly exhausted, at 3.45 oclock I ordered the command to retire. The movement was effected in good order, and all the artillery brought off safely, excepting one caisson, the Seventh Wisconsin bringing up the rear, and suffering heavily, with the whole of the command, from the fire from our front and both flanks. The severity of the contest during the day will be indicated bythe painful fact that at least half of the officers and men who went into the engagement were killed or wounded. On the evening of the 1st, we were ordered to occupy a hill on the right of the cemetery, which we held on the 2d and 3d against a shar Page 267 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. attack of the enemy on the evening of the 2d and morning of the 3d, with small loss to us. The officers of my staff and of my command performed their whole duty without an exception. Under these circumstances II cannot par- ticularly commend any of them without doing injustice to others equally meritorious. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. S. WADSWORTH, Brigadier- General of Volunteers. The ASSISTANT-ADJUTANT GENERAL, First Army Corps. No. 33. Report of Col. Henry A. Morrow, Twentyfourth Michigan In fantry, First Brigade. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., FIRST DIv., FIRST ARMY CORPS, Culpeper, Va., February 22, 1864. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-fourth Michigan Volunteers in the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, and the events immediately preceding: On June 28, we marched from Middletown, Md., to near Frederick City, and on the 29th we marched to Emmitsburg. The latter waa a long march, in which the troops suffered much from fatigue. On June 30, we marched 3 or 4 miles, and bivouacked near Marsh Creek. At an early hour on July 1, we marched in the direction of Gettys- burg, distant 6 or 7 miles. The report of artillery was soon heardi in the direction of this place, which indicated that our cavalry had already engaged the enemy. Our pace was considerably quickened, and about 9 a. m. we caine near the town of Gettysburg, and filed off to the left, leaving it on our right. We crossed an insigmificant branch, and were moved forward into line of battle on the double- quick. The cavalry immediately in our front was hotly engaged with the enemy, and the brigade was ordered to advance at once, no order being given or time allowed for loading our guns. I halted my regiment for this purpose, but was directed by a staff officerI think he belonged to the staff of General Wadsworthto move for- ward immediately without loading, which I did. The order to charge was now given, and the brigade dashed up and over the hill and down into the ravine, through which flows Willoughbys Run, where we captured a large number of prisoners, being a part of General Archers brigade. The cavalry in the meantime had taken position on our left flank. In this affair the Twenty-fourth Michigan occupied the extreme left of the brigade, the Nineteenth Indiana being on our right. I here lost my color-bearer, Abel G. Peck (a brave and faithful soldier), several of my color-guard, and many of my men. After advancing to the crest of the hill beyond the run, we were halted, and threw out skirmishers to the front and also to the left, near a brick house. We now received orders to withdraw to the east bank of th Page 268 268 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. stream, which was done. The brigade changed front forward on first battalion, and marched into the woods known as McPherson s woods, and formed in line of battle, the Nineteenth Indiana being on the left of the Twenty-fonrth Michigan and the Seventh Wisconsin on its right. In execnting this movement, my lientenant-colonel and adjntant were severely wonnded, and did not afterward rejoin the regiment, the former having lost a leg, and the latter being severely wonnded in the groin. The line of the Twenty-fonrth Michigan cnrved a little backward on the right, that wing being thrown back, so as to connect with the Seventh Wisconsin. Skirmishers were immediately deployed in front, and became at once engaged with the enemy. The woods were shelled, bnt I have no casnalties to report as oc- cnrring at this time. I sent officers several times to the general com- manding to report the condition of the line, and snggesting a change of position, as it was, in my jndgment, nntenable. To these reports of the condition of onr line, I received answer that the position was ordered to be held, and mnst be held at all hazards. The enemy advanced in two lines of battle, their right extending beyond and overlapping onr left. I gave direction to the men to withhold their fire nntil the enemy shonld come within short range of onr gnns. This was done, bnt the natnre of the gronnd was snch that I am inclined to think we inflicted bnt little injnry on the en- emy at this time. Their advance was not checked, and they came on with rapid strides, yelling like demons. The Nineteenth Indiana, on onr left, fonght most gallantly, bnt was overpowered by snperior nnmbers, the enemy having also the advantage of position, and, after a severe loss, was forced back. The left of my regiment was now ex- posed to an enfilading fire, and orders were given for this portion of the line to swing back, so as to face the enemy, now on this flank. Pending the execntion of this movement, the enemy advanced in sncli force as to compel me to fall back and take a new position a ~hort distance in the rear. In the meantime I had lost in killed and wonnded several of my best officers and many of my men. Among the former were Capt. William J. Speed, acting major, and Lientenant Dickey, a yonng officer of great promise. Charles Ballare, my second color-bearer, was killed here. The second line was promptly formed, and we made a desperate resistance, bnt the enemy accnn~nlating in onr front, and onr losses being very great, we were forced to fall back and take np a third position beyond a slight ravine. My third color-bearer, Angnstns Ernest, of Company K, was killed on this line. Maj. E. B. Wight, acting lientenant-colonel, was wonnded at this time and compelled to leave the field. By this time the ranks were so diminished that scarcely a fonrth of the forces taken into action conld be rallied. Corpl. Andrew Wag- ner, Company F, one of the color gnard, took the colors, and was or- dered by me to plant them in a position to which I designed to rally the men. He was wonnded in the breast and left on the field. I now took the flag from the gronnd, where it had fallen, and was rallying the remnant of my regiment, when Private William Kelly, of Company E, took the colors from my hands, remarking, as he did so, The colonel of the Twenty-fonrth shall never carry the flag while I am alive. He was killed instantly. Private Lilbnrn A. Spanlding, of Company K, seized the colors and bore them for a time Page 269 C~. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 269 Subsequently I took them from him to rally the men, and kept them until I was wounded. We had inflicted severe loss on the enemy, but their numbers were so overpowering and our own losses had been so great that we were unable to maintain our position, and were forced back, step by step, contesting every foot of ground, to the barricade. I was wounded just before reaching the barricade, west of the seminary building, and left the field. Previous to abandoning our last position, orders were received to fall back, given, I believe, by Major-General Dou- bleday. The command of the regiment now devolved upon Capt. Albert M. Edwards, who collected the remnant of it, and fell back with the brigade to Culps Hill, which it held for the two succeeding days. Shortly after I was wounded, Captain Edwards found the colors in the hands of a wounded soldier, who had fallen on the east side of the barricade. He was reclining on his right side, and was holding the colors in his left hand. I have not been abh~ to ascertain the name of this brave soldier in whose paralyzed hands Captain Edwards foizind the flag. Captain Edwards describes him as being severely wounded, and he is, therefore, probably among our dead. His name may forever be unknown, but his bravery will never die Captain Edwards behaved very gallantly at this time in rallying the men under a murderous fire. The field over which we fought, from our first line of battle in McPhersons woods to the barricade near the seminary, was strewn with the killed and wounded. Our losses were very large, exceeding, perhaps, the losses sustained by any one regiment of equal size in a single engagement of this or any other war. The strength of the regiment on July 1 was as follows: Field officers Staff officers 1 Line officers 24 Non-commissioned officers and privates 468 Total I~he losses sustained by the regiment were as follows: _________________-~ 1 Officers and men. 0 H Field officers Staff officers 1 1 Line officers 8 10 18 Non-commissioned officers 22 41 63 privates 49 182 ~ Total* 79 237 316 About 80 of the enlisted men and 3 officers were reported as miss- ing in action. Many of the men have never been heard from, and are known not to be in the hands of the enemy. They were un- doubtedly killed, but, not having been so reported, are not included in the above. Capt. George C. Gordon and First Lieut. Asa W. Sprague and Second Lieut. H. Rees Whiting were captured, and ar& still prisoners at Richmond. * But see revised statement, p. 173 Page 270 270 N. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. Nearly all our wounded, myself among them, fell into the hands of the enemy when he took possession of the town of Gettysburg. When the enemy evacuated the place, on the night of the 3d instant, most of the wounded were left behind. The regiment occupied CuIps Hill during the battles of July 3 and 4, but sustained little or no loss. During the battle of the 1st in- stant, the regiment lost in killed four color-bearersAbel G. Peck, Charles Ballare, Augustus Ernest, and William Kelly. During the engagement of the 1st, the flag was carried by no less than nine per- sons, four of the number having been killed and three wounded. All of the color guard were killed or wounded. The officers wounded were: Col. Henry A. Morrow, scalp wound; Lieut. Col. Mark Flani- gan, lost leg; Maj. Edwin B. Wight, lost an eye; Capt. William H. iReXford, severely in leg; Capt. William W. Wight, slightly in leg; Capt. William Hutchinson, contusion on leg; Capt. Richard S. Dil- lon, severely in leg; Capt. Charles A. Hoyt, severely in leg; Lieut. John ~ . Farland, wounded by fall; Lieut. William R. Dodsley, slightly wounded; Lieut. Abraham Earnshaw, wounded in side; Lient. Frederick A. Buhl, severely in thigh; Lieut. Edwin E. Nor- ton, slightly; Lieut. Michael Dempsey, slightly. The officers killed were: Capts. William J. Speed and Malachi J. 0 Donnell; Lieuts. Walter H. Wallace, Winfleld S. Safford, Newell Grace, Reuben H. Humphreville, Gilbert A. Dickey, and Lucius L. Shattuck. Of the killed nothing less can be said than that their conduct in this memorable battle was brave and daring, and was creditable alike to themselves and the service. It will not be disparaging to his brave comrades who fell on this terrible but glorious day to say that Captain Speeds death was a severe loss to the service and an almost irreparable one to his regiment. He was amiable, intelligent, honor- able, and brave, and was universally respected and esteemed by all who knew him. Captain ODonnell was a young officer who had given strong proofs of courage and capacity, and whose death was deeply deplored in the regiment. Lieutenant Wallace served in the Peninsular Campaign under Gen- eral McClellan, and lost an eye at the battle of Fair Oaks. He was a brave officer, an honorable man, and a good disciplinarian. Lieutenant Dickey joined the regiment in the capacity of commis- sary sergeant, and for his integrity, capacity, and attention to business was promoted to the rank of sergeant-major, and thence to a second lientenancy. He had given great promise for future usefulness and distinction. He was the first commissioned officer of the regiment killed at Gettysburg. Lieutenants Grace, Humphreville, Safford, and Shattuck were distinguished in the regiment fOr their attention to duty, for the amiability of their manners, and for their unflinching courage in bat- tle. Lieutenant Grace was one of the bravest men I ever knew. The remains of Captain Speed and Lieutenants Wallace and Safford were conveyed to Michigan by their friends, for interment, but the remains of the other officers sleep, with the brave non-commissioned officers and privates who fell that day, in the cemetery in which a grateful nation will, at no distant period, erect a mausoleum to perpetuate the memories of its defenders. Lieutenant-Colonel Flanigan lost his leg in this battle. His con- duct here, as everywhere in battle, was gallant and daring. Major Wight acquitted himself in the most creditable manner, and remaine Page 271 (IHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 271 at his post until forced by his wound to leave the field. Both of these officers have since been discharged from service on account of their wounds. They were universally esteemed and iespected. Captain Hutchinson received a severe contusion in the groin early in the day, but remained with his company and behaved very gal- lantly. Captain Rexford was wounded in the change of front already re- ferred to. His conduct here, as everywhere, was gallant and con- spicuous. Captain Edwards displayed gre t coolness and courage, and de- serves honorable mention. Captain Dillon commanded his company with skill, and behaved very handsomely in skirmishing in front of McPhersons woods. Capt. William W. Wight exhibited much coolness and courage. Lieutenant Dempsey was conspicuous for his gallantry in the charge across Willoughbys Run. Lieutenant Hutton was iKiear me when I was wounded, and it was mainly through his assistance that I got off the field. His conduct in the engagement was all that could be desired, and confirmed my former opinion of his value as an officer. Captains Hoyt and Gordon, Lieutenants Farland, Dodsley, Sprague, Witherspoon, Norton, Buhl, Earushaw, and Whiting, all acquitted themselves honorably. Their conduct was such as to win the confi- dence and respect of their men, and deserves the commendation of their commanding officer. In justice to the memory of the brave non-commissioned officers who were killed at Gettysburg, and whose conduct is highly praised by their superiors, I give their names below: Sergts. Andrew J. Price and George Cline, Company B; Joseph Eberle, Company D; Charles Bucklin, Company F; George Colburn, Company C; John Powell, Company H; and Corpls. William Ziegler, Company A; Joseph Carroll and John H. Pardington, Company B; Otis South- worth, Company C; David E. Rounds and James Stirling, Company ID; John Walls, Company E; I. W. Evans, Company F; William H. Luce, Jerome F. Failes, and Thomas Suggett, Company G; George N. Bentley and James B. Myers, Company I; and Jerome J. Le Fevre, Company K. It would be impossible within the limits of a report like this to do more than give the names of these brave sergeants and corporals. Their history is a part of the history of the regiment, and its future liistorian will narrate their heroic conduct on the ever-memorable field of Gettysburg. Sergt. Maj. Andrew J. Connor was conspicuous for his bravery, and was severely wounded. Long before his wound was healed he returned to duty in the regiment. First Sergt. George W. Haight was suffering from a wound received at Fitzhughs Crossing, but went into battle on July 1, and was severely wounded in the leg. He de- serves mention for his bravery. In response to a circular addressed by me to my company officers, asking for the names of such non-commissioned officers and privates as particularly distinguished themselves at Gettysburg, I have re- ueived the following: Private Augustus Sink, Company A, is spoken of by Captain Dillon in very high terms of praise for his gallantry on the skirmish line in front of McPhersons woods. Capt. Albert M. Edwards says of First Sergt. Bucklin and Corpl. I. W. Evans: They were both killed on the field. Both were par Page 272 2~2 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [cH~. xxxix. ticularly distinguished in camp for their excellent moral character and the purity of their lives and example, and in the field for their unflinching courage and devotion. This is high praise, and well bestowed. Corpls. Edward Dwyer and William Carroll, of Compauy B, died itt hospital of the wounds received in this days fight. Captain Burchell says: They were efficient and brave men, and sacrificed their lives in the discharge of their duties. Captain Witherspoon, himself a brave soldier, writes that Sergt. Angustus Pomeroy, of Company C, particularly distinguished him- self by his gallantry and devotion. Being too severely wounded to handle his musket, he tore cartridges for his more fortunate com- rades, and subsequently rendered valuable services in taking care of the wounded. Such conduct in officer or soldier deserves to be re- corded. First Sergt. William J. Nagle, of Company A, came under my own eye, and was wounded very near me. His conduct was brave almost to temerity. He died in hospital from the wound received in this battle. He was a brave, worthy, and intelligent soldier. Captain Farland, of Company D, speaks in high terms of praise of Sergt. Joseph Eberle and Corpls. David E. Rounds, James Stirling, and Andrew Strong. Corporal Strong came under my eye, and it affords me great pleasure to bear witness to his bravery. Sergt. Eberle continued in the fight after being twice wounded. Private John George Klink, of Company F, acquitted himself finely, and de- serves notice. Surgeon Beach and Assistant Surgeons Collar and Tower were de- voted and untiring in their attention to the wounded. Of Dr. Beach it may be truly said that no surgeon in the Army of the Potomac rendered more valuable services at Gettysburg than he. Chap- lain William C. Way was early in attendance at the hospital, and rendered valuable services. He remained in attendance on the wounded several weeks after the battle, and both officers and men speak in the highest terms of praise of his kindness and efficiency. This report would have been imperfect without this reference to the surgeons and chaplain, whose conduct elicited universal remark. During the time I was a prisoner I conversed freely with distin- guished rebel officers in relation to the battle on the 1st instant, and, without exception, they spoke in terms of admiration of the conduct of our troops, and especially of that of the troops composing the First Army Corps. One of them informed me that Lieut. Gen. A. P. Hill said that he had never known the Federals to fight so well. At first the officers seemed very sanguine of their ability to dislodge the Army of the Potomac from its position, and the capture of Wash- ington and Baltimore was considered a thing almost accomplished, and this feeling was fully shared by the private soldiers; but the ad- mirable means taken by General Meade to meet every attack, and the successful manner in which he repulsed them, seemed to have a powerful influence in abating their confidence before the final order was received for the evacuation of the town. From the cupola in the steeple of the court-house at Gettysburg I was an eye-witness of the movements of the rebel army and of the dispositions made of the troops for the famous attacks on the left, right, and center of our position. The preparations for the final at- tack on our left center on Friday afternoon came directly under my eye Page 273 CHAP. XXXIX.] 273 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. From an officer of the rank of major, on the staff of Lieut. Gen. A. P. Hill, I was informed that the rebel army present at Gettys- burg was about 90,000 strong, and that their line of battle wt~s esti- mated to be 8 miles long. The death of Major-General Reynolds was well known to the en- emy, and the highest opinions of his skill and bravery were freely expressed. It did not seem to be well understood by the enemy that there had been a change in the commanders of the Army of the Potomac, and I was frequently asked if such was the case. The name of Capt. George W. Burchell does not appear in con- nection with the battle of Gettysburg, for the reason that he was prevented by sickness from being there. He was wounded at Fitz- hughs Crossing in April, and at the time of the battle of Gettysburg was confined to quarters at Emmitsburg. I have the honor to be, captain; your obedient servant, HENRY A. MORROW, Colonel Twenty-fourth Michigan Volunteers. Capt. J. D. WOOD, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 34. Report of Maj. John Mansfield, Second Wisconsin Infantry. BEVERLY FORD, VA., November 15, 1863. SIR: In reporting the part taken by this regiment in the battle of Gettysburg, I have the honor to state: The regiment formed a part of the First Brigade of Wadsworths division of the First Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, and on the morning of July 1, 1863, it had the right, and approached Gettysburg from the Emmitsburg pike. About 10 a. in., when near the town of Gettysburg, the brigade was filed into the field on the left and west of Gettysburg,. in the direction of and left of Seminary Ridge. Here the Federal cavalry were in line with a battery, actively engaged with the enemys advancing infantry. By order of the division com- mander, through Colonel Kress, his acting aide-de-camp, this regi- ment was thrown forward into line of battle in front of the cavalry, and ordered to advance, to repel an assault of the enemys infantry upon the battery. The field officers, Colonel Fairchild, Lieutenant-Colonel Stevens, and Maj. John Mansfield, immediately dismounted, and, taking their proper places in line, advanced the regiment up a gentle slope, and when on its crest we received a volley of musketry from the enemys line, from which many officers and men fell, among them Lieutenant- Colonel Stevens, mortally wounded. The advance of the regiment was steadily kept up under the direction of Colonel Fairchild, slightly o.bliquing to the right into a piece of timber skirting the ridge and extending several hundred yards to the right and front of our posi- tion. After pushing the advance for about 50 yards into this timber, in the face of a most terrific fire of musketry, Colonel Fairchild received a severe wound in the left arm, shattering his elbow. Being so com- pletely disabled, and suffering from loss of blood, he was taken to the rear, when Major Mansfield assumed command of the regimemit. 18 i~ RvOL XXVII, PT Page 274 2~74 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. Mansfield conti~med to advance the regiment to near close quarters, when the line of the enemy in our immediate front yielded, a por- tion ~eeking cover in a dee p excavation, the balance seeking refuge behind trees and a slight elevation of the ground, from which they attempted to reform their broken lines. I ordered a charge upon this last position of the enemy, which was gallantly made at the double- quick, the enemy breaking in confusion to the rear, escaping from the timber into the open fields beyond. In this charge we captured a large number of prisoners, including several officers, among them General Archer, who was taken by Private Patrick Maloney, of CompanyG, of our regiment, and brought to me, to whom he sur- rendered his sword, which I passed over with the prisoners to Lieut. D. B. Dailey, acting aide-de-camp on the brigade staff. I regret to say that this gallant soldier (Private Maloney) was killed in action later in the day. After this disposition of the prisoners, the regiment was formed in line in the open field beyond the timber. Here the balance of the brigade was formed on our left. We were soon faced to the rear, and retired about midway through the timber, where we were ordered to lie down. We remained in position some two hours or more, when the enemy were discovered emerging from the timber beyond the field we had just left, in two lines, with a heavy line of skirmishers. The front line of the enemy, with skirmishers, advanced directly to the front, while the second line advanced obliquely to the left. In a short time the enemys skirmishers and our own became actively engaged, which continued with great spirit for a time, when it was discovered an attempt was being made to flank our position by the second line. An order was given to fall back toward Seminary Ridge, then directly in our rear, and in which was placed and at work the Fifth Maine Battery. This movement was mado in good order, firing as we retired. About half the distance from where we commence d to retire to this new position, I faced the regiment to the front, and again moved to meet the advancing columns of the enemy, when I. discovered the enemy closing in upon our left. I again faced to the rear, and took a osition on the ridge referred to, on the right of the brigade already in position. At this time and point the battle raged with great fury, near the close of which I received a severe gun-shot wound in my left leg, near the knee-joint. Being unable to remain standing, I was taken to temporary shelter, when almost immediately the brigade and regiment fell back to Cemetery Hill. The casualties to the regiment resulting from this days fight, for the numbers engaged, are believed to be unparalleled in the history of the war, and are here given as follows: casualties. 0 Q 0 0 Engaged 29 273 302 Killed 2 25 27 Wounded 11 142 153 Missing 6 47 53 Total 19 214 233 Left for duty 6 Page 275 CHAP. Xxxix.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 275 From such a record I may be spared from making what seems the usual common p lace remark, that both officers and men behaved well. No such record as here made can be shown excepting by a cool indifference to danger and long continued and stubborn resist- ance, resulting from hard-earned experience and thorough discipline. I desire to call the attention of the general commanding to Lieut. Henry B. Harshaw, acting adjutant, for his ready and active assist- ance on several occasions during the trials of the day. Also to Cor- poral [Rasselas] Davidson, of Company H, and Corpl. Paul V. Bris- bois, of Company G, for gallantly seizing (one the State, the other the National) colors of the regiment, after their respective bearers had been shot down in a storm of bullets, and carrying them undis- mayed throughout the remainder of the battle, and bearing them in safety and in triumph off the field. JNO. MANSFIELD, Major, Commanding Regiment. Capt. J. D. WooD, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Brig., First Div., First Corps. No. 35. Reports of Lieut. Cot. Rufus R. Dawes, Sixth Wisconsin Infantry. HDQRS. SIXTH WISCONSIN VOLUNTEERS, July 17, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report as follows of the operations of the regiment under my command during the action of July 1, near Gettysburg, Pa~ On the morning of July 1, as the brigade moved forward, in sup- port of the Second Brigade of this division, to engage the enemy, I received an order to move my command forward rapidly and form it on the left of the line of the brigade. Without checking from a double-quick, the regiment formed into line, the men loading as - they marched, and moved forward rapidly and steadily toward the position assigned. Before reaching my position in the line of battle, I was ordered to halt, and hold my men in reserve. At this juncture, the brigade guard (2 officers and 100 men, under command of First Lieut. Lloyd G. Har- ris, of the Sixth Wisconsin), by direction of General Solomon Mere- dith, reported to me for duty in the impending battle. I divided the guard into two companies, placing the first on the right flank of the regiment, under command of Second Lieut. Levi Showalter, of the Second Wisconsin; the second on the left, under command of Lieu- tenant Harris. I now received a second order to advance, which I was proceeding to execute when, by command of Maj. Gen. A. Doub a , commanding the corps, the regiment was again halted (my left resting on the Fairfield road), and detached from the bri- gade as a general reserve to the line of the division, now hotly en- gaged throughout. In a very few moments I received an order from Major-General Doubleday to move at once to the support of the right of the line of the division (Seventy-sixth New York, Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania, and One hundred and forty-seventh New York), which was being forced back and outflanked by the enemy. I marched by the right flank double-quick toward the point ixidic~ted, ]3efor Page 276 N. C.~ VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. reaching a position where I could be of service, the enemy had suc- ceeded in turning the flank, and, flushed with victory, was pressing rapidly in pnrsnit of onr retreating line, threatening the rear of the First Brigade (Merediths Iron Brigade), engaged in the woods on the left. I filed to the right and rear, to throw my line in front of the enemy, and moved by the left flank forward in line of battle upon his advancing line. My men kept up a steady double-quick, never faltering or breaking under the fire, which had become very galling. When my line had reached a fence on the Chambersburg turnpike, about 40 rods from the line of the enemy, I ordered a fire by file. This checked the advance of the rebels, who took tefuge in a railroad cut (an unfinished railroad cut through the ridge west of the sem- inary), from which they opened a murderous fire upon us. I immedi- ately ordered the men over the fence, with a view to charging the cut. The Ninety-fifth New York and Fourteenth Brooklyn here joined on my left. My men continued firing and advancing steadily. I ran to Major Pye, of the Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers, commanding, as I supposed, the line on my left, and, requesting him to move forward with me, immediately gave the order to charge. The men of the whole line moved forward upon a double-quick, ~~3vell closed, in face of a terribly destructive fire from the enemy. When our-line reached the edge of the cut, the rebels began throwing down their arms in token of surrender. Adjt. Ed. P. Brooks, with promptness and foresight, moved a de- tachment of 20 men in position to enfilade the cut from the right, when the entire regiment in my front, after some murderous skir- mishing by the more desperate, threw down their arms. Maj. John A. Blair, commanding the regimhent (Second Mississippi Volunteers), upon my demand, surrendered his sword and tegiment to me. I directed him to have his men fall in without arms, and move to the rear, in charge of Maj. John F. Hauser, of this regiment. Major Hauser informs me that by direction of General James S. Wadsworth, commanding division, he placed in charge of a cavalry guard 7 officers and about 22~5 men. The battle-flag of the regiment was captured before the surrender by Corpl. F. Asbury Waller, of Company I,* and has been forwarded, in obedience to orders, to army headquarters. The loss sustained by my command in this charge was not less than 160 men killed or wounded. After this capture of prisoners, by direction of General Wads- worth, I took position in a piece of woods on the right of the rail- road cut near the seminary, where I remained about thirty minutes and reorganized my shattered regiment. I was then ordered for- ward to occupy the next crest in front, in support of a baftery on the left of the cut. I had previously charged. The enemy opened fire on my advancing line from a battery of six guns, killing and wounding several men. I took possession of the crest, where I remained until the battery had retired and the enemy had pressed back our line on my right and left, when I moved back under cover of the railroad cut, and, by direction of General Wadsworth, took position again in the wood, in support of four pieces of Stewarts battery (B, Fourth U. S. Artillery), where I remained until ordered by General Wads- worth to retire in good order beyond this city (Gettysburg). Faced * A medal of honor was awarded to Corporal Wallev for thjs s~rviCe.COMFI1~El~ Page 277 CHAP XXXIX.] ~t1IE Gt~11iYSI3U1~G CAMPAIGN. by the rear rank, and moved (my right near railroad embankment) steadily back in line of battle over the open field to the city, almost directly toward the lines of the enemy, who had completely out- flanked ns on the Eleventh Corps front, and already gained posses- sion of a portion of the city. There was much confnsion; the streets were crowded with retiring troops, batteries, and ambulance trains. The men were almost prostrated with over-exertion and heat. The rebel sharpshooters (Ewells troops) occupied the streets on our left, and their lines of battle almost completely encircled the city; but by great exertiomon the part of the officers the regiment preserved its integrity, and the men, assembling around their colors, gave in the streets hearty cheers for the old Sixth and the good cause. I moved to Cemetery Hill, and by direction of General Wadsworth, in open field on Culps Hill, reported for duty to Col. W. W. Robinson, now commanding the brigade. The loss of the regiment on July 1 was: Officers, 2 killed and 5 wounded; enlisted men, 27 killed, 106 wounded, and 24 missing. The loss sustained by the brigade guard in the charge upon the railroad cut I cannot give. Both officers commanding, Lieutenants Harris and Showalter, were disabled by wounds received in the charge. I can only say that the men of the Sixth most nobly sustained their history in this desperate struggle. Capt. John Ticknor, of Company K, was instantly killed while cheering his men on to the charge. This officer rose from the ranks, winning his captaincy for coolness and efficiency in command of skirmishers at South Mountain, and was distinguished for bravery upon every battle-field of the regiment. A good officer, a brave man, a genial, whole-souled companion, Ticknor will be sadly missed from our circle. Second Lieut. Orrin D: Chapman was also killed at the railroad cut. He was in command of Company C. He had but lately been commissioned. He was always a faithful, obedient soldier, and as an officer brave and efficient. The officers, without exception, behaved, as on many battle-fields before, with devoted courage, each holding his own life and safety of less account than the good conduct~ of his men and regiment. To Major Hauser and Adjutant Brooks I am much indebted for assistance in maneuvering the regiment throughout the battle. I cannot speak too highly of the bravery and efficiency in action of each of these officers. Without reflection upon other officers of the line, I feel it due to their conspicuous bravery and good conduct that I should mention Capt. Rollin P. Converse and Lieut. Charles P. Hyatt, of Company B, and Lieutenant Goltermaun, of Company F. Captain Converse commanded the party who brought safely from the field and saved from capture the g~n of the Second Maine Battery that had been abandoned to the enemy. We recaptured this piece in a charge at the railroad cut. I have the honOr to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. R. DAWES, Lieutenant-Colonel, Comdg. Sixth Wisconsi~m Volunteers. Capt. J. D. WooD, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Brig., First Div., First Corps Page 278 Th C., TA., W. TA., Mt., DA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. HEADQUARTERS SIXTH WISCONSIN VOLUNTEERS, July 4, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to report that the accompanying battle-flag of the Second Mississippi Volunteers was captured by the regiment under my command under the following circumstances: Shortly after the opening of the action on the morning of July 1, the regiment was, by command of Major-General Doubleday, de- tached from the brigade, and ordered to the support of the right of the line of the division, which was being forced back and outflanked by the enemy. I moved as rapidly as possible on the advancing lines of the enemy, joining with the Ninety-fifth New York and Four- teenth Brooklyn on my left. A brisk fire was opened throughout the line, which soon checked the enemy and forced him to take refuge in a railroad cut. I ordered a charge upon the cut. The men moved forward, well closed and upon a run. When our line reached the edge of the cut, the rebels ceased firing and threw down their arms. At my demand. Major [J. A.] Blair, commanding the regi- ment in my front,~ the Second Mississippi, surrendered his sword and regiment. The battle-flag was taken before the surrender by Corpl. F. As- bury Waller, of Company I, and sent to the rear in charge of Sergt. William Evans, of Company H, who was badly wounded. The ser- geant was taken prisoner, by the enemy and held for two days in Gettysburg; but with the assistance of some ladies of the city, whose names I have not learned, he successfully concealed the colors, and, finally, when the enemy retired, brought it safely to the regiment. R. R. DAWES, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers. Capt. T. E. ELLSWORTH, Actg. Asst. Adjutant-General, First Division, First Corps. No. 36. Report of Gol. William W. Robinson, Seventh Wisconsin Infantry. HEADQUARTERS SEVENTH WISCONSIN VOLUNTEERS, November 18, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Seventh Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry~ under my command, in the engagement at Gettysburg on July 1: We left our camp, on the road running from Emmitsburg to Get- tysburg, abo~it 5 miles from the latter place, early on the morning of the 1st, with the brigade, the Second Wisconsin leading, the Seventh next in column. Arrived in the vicinity of Gettysburg about 10 a. in., when we heard firing to the left of the towi~, and were informed that our cavalry were engaged with the enemys advance. The bri- gade was immediately moved across the field to the left, to the point where the cavalry were engaged, where we formed them in position behind a grove of timber and slight elevation of land, their position being behind and parallel to this ridge, with their skirmishers dis- mounted and thrown forward of the ridge. Just at the time we came up, a brigade of the enemys infantry was advancing upon the posi- tion. We were ordered to take position on the ridge in front ot th Page 279 CHAP. XXXtX.] ~rtTE cfI~rYs13tTRG CAMPAIc~. cavalry as quickly as possible. I immediately formed companies~, and threw the battalion forward into line in double-quick, and advanced to the top of the ridge. We had not halted to load, and no orders liad been received to do so, for the reason, I suppose, that no one expected we were to be engaged so suddenly. I, however, gave the order to load during the movement, which was executed by the men while on the double-quick, so that no time was lost by this omission. I halted the battalion on the summit of the ridge until the Nineteenth Indiana and Twenty-fourth Michigan, which were in my rear in column, had formed on my left. In the meantime the Second Wisconsinwhich was next in front of me in column, in its evolution into line was formed to my right and the length of the battalion in advance; this threw them behindthe grove before mentioned, into which they advanced without halting. had engaged the enemy. My right was now resting near this grove, with the Nineteenth and Twenty-fourth on my left. Immediately in ~front], and running parallel to and about 200 yards from my front, was a ravine, through which runs a small rivulet; from this ravine a heavy fire was opened. I was at first uncertain, in the dense smoke and from the near proximity of the ~fire, whether it was the enemy or the left wing of the Second Wisconsin. At this moment Captain Wadsworth, of the division staff, rode up from the right. I asked could he tell what troops those were firing in the ravine. He pointed a little farther to the left up the ravine (where I saw the rebel battle-flag), and said it was the enemy, and that the general directed that~we should drive them out. I moved the line forward to the crest of the ridge, delivered a volley, and gave the order to charge. The three regimentsSeventh Wisconsin, Nineteenth Indiana, and Twenty-fourth Michiganrushed into the ravine with a yell. The enemywhat was left of them able to walkthrew down their arms, ducked through between our files, and passed to the rear. We moved up the opposite bank to the top of the hill, where I halted the line. In this charge we passed by and beyond the position occu- pied by the Second Wisconsin in the grove. We had occu ied our new position but a few minutes when Captain Richardson, oI~the bri- gade staff, brought an order to change front to the rear on the left battalion. While this evolution was being executed, General Mere- dith came up, and directed me to place my regiment in the grove on the right of the Second. I took the position indicated, my right rest- ing on the open fields, and threw out skirmishers to the front. In this position we lay some hours under a severe artillery fire. From my position I could see the movements of the enemy in our front. Early in the afternoon columns of infantry were seen moving to our left, evidently with the intention of turning our left. Also heavy columns were being massed in our front. This information I sent to the general, and the order I received was to hold the position at all hazards. In a short time the enemy advanced into the wood in our front, lay down behind the crest of the hill and behind the trees, and opened a galling fire. About the same time I discovered he had gained our left and rear, and soon after a small detachment was brought from some other division to attack this latter force of the enemy; but this detachment was too small, and was soon repulsed. The troops on our right had fallen back; the Twenty-fourth and Nineteenth, on the left of the brigade, were being badly cut up by superior numbers; the Second and Seventh were keeping up a rapid fire upon the enemy in front, but, I think, without doing him much injury, as he was pro. Page 280 ~.c.VA WVA. NP., I?A., tTC. [cHAP. X~cxIX. , ., tected by the hill and timber. He was rapidly gaining ground on our left; still, no order came to change our position. The Seventh was receiving a galling fire and the Second was being badly cut up, when Captain Richardson brought me the order to retire to Seminary Ridge. I retired by the right of companies to the rear some 150 or 200 yards, halted, and wheeled into line again to. support the other regiments in retiring. Then again retired about the same distance, and again wheeled into line, and so on until I reached the foot of Seminary Ridge. On this ridge, directly in my rear, a battery had been placed, and opened upon the advancing foe. Down the slope, some 40 yards in front of this battery, I found a slight breastwork of loose rails, which, I suppose, had heen thrown together by some of our troops in the earlier part of the day, behind which I threw the regiment. During this movement we were exposed not only to the fire of the advancing enemy in front, but also to that from the brigade which had turned our left flank, and was now advancing from that direc- tion in line obliquely to our new position. It was with some diffi- culty I restrained the men from firing until the enemy got as near as I wanted them. When they were within easy range, the order was given, and their ranks went down like grass before the scythe from the united fire of our regiments and the battery. There were very few, if any, of that brigade escaped death or wounds. The regiment held this position until all the troops on our right and left had retired. The battery had limbered up agd retired. The enemy, in overwhelming numbers, had again turned both our flanks, with a line formed on each perpendicular to ours, and reaching a consider- able distance to our rear, forming three sides of a square around us, with the open side to our rear and toward the town. At this time Captain Richardson, of the brigade staff, again brought me the order to retire through the town. I again retired, by the right of companies to the rear, through the orchard over the ridge, and then by the right flank by file left into column, and moved on to the turnpike and through the town to Cemetery Hill, being the rear of the troops from that part of the field. Immediately upon my arrival at the cemetery, I was ordered by General Wadsworth to take command of the brigade. In retiring from our last position on Seminary Ridge, as I came out of the or- chard, I found the enemy advancing in line perpendicular to the left and to the rear of our late position, and within 300 yards of me. They immediately opened fire upon us. To the right of our position and on the o posite side of the turnpike, some little distance from it, was another sine oftheirs, with their left reaching near the town. This line was stationary and was supported by artillery. In passing out, we were exposed to this enfilading fire from both these lines, as well as from their artillery. It was here I met with the heaviest losses from the regiment during the day. Throughout the whole engagementthe morning charge, where the regiment captured one .of General Archers regiments; under the severe artillery fire of the midday, and in the unequal combat of the afternoon; in the steadiness exhibited in retiring and promptness in reforming line, time and time again, under a most galling fire; in the firmness with which they held the last position, and kept up a rapid and well-directed fire upon the advancing enemy until left alone and the order was received to retirethe regiment displayed all the cool- ness, bravery, and prowess that h~s won for it honorable distinctio Page 281 cuA1~. X~t1~IX.1 1~HI~ GEI~VYSI3TJ1~G OAMPAIGTh 581 in previous battles. Every officer and enlisted man performed his whole duty.* I may mention, without the notice being invidious to others, the conduct of Lieut. Col. John B. Callis and Maj. Mark Finnicum. From both these officers III received able assistance. Their con- duct was a repetition of their gallantry on previous battle-fields. Lieutenant-Colonel Callis was severely wounded late in the day. Also, Sergt. Daniel McDermott, color-bearer, who was severely wounded just as we were entering the town, retiring, by a charge of grape and canister, the same charge shivering the flag-staff into a number of pieces. McDermott was placed upon a caisson that was moving ahead of us, still hanging to the tattered banner, which he waved in defiance at the foe as he rode off. He has carried this color through every battle in which the regiment has been engaged. Our casualties were: Officers and men. H ~ Officers 26 99 42 167 10 1 11 Enlisted men Total 26 109 43 178 Respectfully, your obedient servant, W. W. ROBINSON, Colonel, Commanding Seventh Wisconsin Volunteers. Capt. J. D. WooD, Assistant Adjutant-General, First Brigade. No. 37. Report of Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., FIRST Div., FIRST ARMY CORPS, In the Fwld, July 9, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to make the following reliort of the part per- formed by this brigade in the actions of the 1st, 2d, and 3d days of the month, near Gettysburg, Pa.: The brigadeexcepting the Seventh Indiana, which was on duty in the rearmoved from camp early on the 1st instant (being the lead- ing brigade of the corps) on toward Gettysburg. As we approached, and when within about 2 miles of the town, I was ordered to move obliquely to the left across the fields to the ridge near the seminary, west of the town, where the enemy were already engaging our cav- alry. I moved forward across the railroad with the Seventy-sixth New York Volunteers, One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers, and the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, imme- diately formed in line of battle, and found myself engaged with a vastly superior force of the enemy, advancing in two lines, at short * A medal of honor was awarded to Sergt. Jefferson Coates for gallantry in this engagement.COMPILEIt Page 282 ~.C.,VA., W. VA., MP., 1~A., ETC. [cIAP. ZXXIX. range, in front and on my right flank. The Ninety4ifth New York Volunteers and the Fourteenth Brooklyn had been detached to the left, by order of General Reynolds, to support the Second Maine Bat- tery and to hold the enemy in check until other troops could arrive. The three regiments under my immediate command fought as only brave men can fight, and held their ground until ordered to fall back, by General Wadsworth, to the woods on the next ridge. The Fifty- sixth Pennsylvania and Seventy-sixth New York fell back. The One hundred and fo~y-seventh did not receive the order, in consequence of Lieutenant-Colonel Miller being wounded at the moment of re- ceiving it. Major Harney held the regiment to its position until the enemy were in possession of the rai]~road cut on his left, when it was impossible for him to retire until relieved by a charge on the enemy from the left by the Sixth Wisconsin, Ninety-fifth New York, and Fourteenth Brooklyn, which resulted in capturing a large body of the enemy and enabling Major Harney to bring off the remainder of his regiment. The loss of this gallant regiment was fearful at this p6int, being 2 officers killed and 10 wounded, 42 men killed and 153 wounded207 out of 380 men andofficers within half an hour. The Seventy-sixth New York fared no better. They went in with~ 348 men and 27 officers; their loss during the same time was 2 officers killed, 16 wolinded, 27 men killed, and 124 wounded within thirty minutes. The loss of the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania was also severe. They went into action with 17 officers and 235 men, and lost 6 officers wounded, 1 mortally, and 8 men killed and 64 wounded at that point. After falling back to the woods, and subsequently farther back, I received orders again to advance and occupy the crest of the ridge. Although reduced by a loss of half their numbers, the men bravely and cheerfully moved back to renew the fi~ht. On m~ way back, I was joined by the Ninety-fifth New York ourteenth rooklyn, and Sixth Wisconsin. After occupyjng the old ground from half to three- quarters of an hour, I discovered the enemy putting a battery in posi- tion on my right flank and moving forward large bodies of infantry in the same direction. This being reported to General Wadsworth, he directed me to take such a position as I judged proper. I left the ~ Fourteenth Brooklyn to assist the Sixth Wisconsin in supportin~ the battery, and with the balance of the brigade present changed rQnt to the right, and endeavored to hold the enemy in check as best I could, having no support on either my right or left until 2 oclock, when a brigade from the Second Division formed on my right, and the Eleventh Corps came in on the right of them. Immediately after, a ~olumn of the enemy moved on the Second Division. I at once pushed my brigade through the woods, came in on their flank, and opened so hot a fire on them that one regiment threw down their arms and sur- rendered. By this time the enemy was so close on my left flank that I again changed front, and came into line on Robinsons left, where I remained until out of ammunition, and was relieved by other troops, when I fell back under the hill, and sent for ammunition. The Eleventh Corps was already moving into town, and soon the enemy appeared, advancing in line of battle. After waiting about twenty minutes, I moved the brigade to the railroad, with a view to forming under cover of its bank and trying to hold him in check there, when I received an order through Colonel Bankhead to send three regiments to aid in repelling the enemy near the seminary. ~ Page 283 CHAP. XXXTXI THE OEVrYSBttEG CAMPAIGN. immediately sent the Fourteenth Brooklyn and the One hundred and forty-seventh and Seventy-sixth New York, where they remained until I received orders to move my brigade to the rear in the best order I could. I moved off on the railroad embankment, and, al- though exposed to the enemys fire on both flanks, the men marched with perfect steadiness and no excitement. Their steadiness had the effect to bring the enemy to a halt, when he threw out skirmishers, thus relieving me from the fire of his main line on the left. The bri- gade completely covered the troops who were retiring on my right from the fire of the enemy on my left. I suffered severely while re- tiring, having myself a horse killed on the railroad and another wounded going through town. After passing through town to Cem- etery Hill, I was joined by the Seventh Indiana, which had come up. The Seventh was sent, by order of General Wadsworth, to hold the crest of a hill to the right, and the balance of the brigade, having been in action from 10 a. m. until 4 p. in., were allowed to rest for the night. Early on the morning of the 2d instant, the brigade was moved to the hill, and took a position between the First Brigade and General Greenes brigade of the Twelfth Corps. I consider it unnecessary to particularize as to the operations of the 2d and 3d instant, as most of the time we were immediately under the eye of the division com- mander. Sufficient to say that the fighting on those days was mostly in the trenches, with small loss to us and great loss to the enemy. It affords me the highest satisfaction to bear testimony to the good conduct of all the officers and men of the brigade, with but one or two exceptions. Colonel Hofmann, Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Volun- teers; Major Harney, One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers; Major Pye, Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers; Captain Cook, Seventy-sixth New York Volunteers, deserve special mention for gallantry and coolness. Colonel Fowler, Fourteenth Brooklyn, for charging the enemy at the railroad cut in connection with the Ninety-fifth New York and Sixth Wisconsin, by which the One hun- dred and forty-seventh New York was relieved from its perilous position. Major Grover, commanding Seventy-sixth New York Volunteers, a brave and efficient officer, was killed early in the action of the 1st instant, and the command devolved upon Capt. John E. Cook, and most ably and faithfully did he perform the duty. Lieutenant-Colonel Miller, commanding the One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers, was severely wounded at the head of his regiment on the 1st instant. Colonel Biddle, Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers, was wounded in the breast. Major Harney, of the One hundred and forty-seventh New York, and Major Pye, of the Ninety-fifth New York, on assuming command of their respective regiments, did all that brave men and good sol- diers could do, and deserve well for their services. Sergt. Henry H. Hubbard, Company D, One hundred and for- ty-seventh New York Volunteers, was in command of the provost guard of the brigade on the morning of the 1st instant. He formed the guard, consisting of 18 men, on the right of the Seventy-sixth New York, and fought until the battle was over, losing 12 of his men. He deserves promotion. The color-sergeant of the One hundred and forty-seventh New York was killed, and the colors were Caught by Sergt. Willia Page 284 ~84 ~. c., ~, W. vi., avrm, I~A., ETC. R~HAp. XXxIX. A. Wybourn, of Company I, One hundred and forty-seventh New York, and brought off the battle-field by him, notwithstanding he was himself severely wounded. For amount of losses in the several regiments, I refer to separate reports on that subject.* The loss is fearful, and I can only hope that the country may not again require that these brave men shall go through so severe an ordeal. In closing, I beg to acknowledge my great obligations to Capt. John A. Kellogg, acting assistant adjutant-general; Capt. William Bloodgood, acting aide; Lieut. S. W. Woodrow, of the Ninety-fifth New York VMunteers, and Lieut. T. W. Miller, volunteer aide on my staff. On the 1st instant, Captain Bloodgood aiid Lieutenant Woodrow were severely wounded. These officers all act~d with the most per- fect coolness and bravery during the whole action. Every one of my staff and orderlies was dismounted by having their horses shot; Lieutenant Miller and Captain Bloodgood twice each, and Lieutenant Woodrow three times. Lieutenant [Homer] Chisman, acting assist- ant inspector-general, came up from the rear, and joined me at 3 oclock on the 1st instant; Lieutenant Burritt, of the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was detailed on my staff on the 2d instant, and both behaved admirably. Captain Kellogg not only behaved admirably on the whole, but deserves special notice for his exertions in rallying the men when repulsed on the 1st; for his efficiency in moving and placing re-en- forcements to the right on the night o~f the 2d, when the enemy were making strenuous efforts to turn our right flank, and for having cut down with his saber a cowardly field officer of another corps who was endeavoring to march his men out of the trenches, and for keeping the men in their position. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. CUTLER, Brig. Gen., Comdg. 2d Brig., 1st Div., 1st Army Corps. Capt. T. E. ELLSWORTH, Aide-de-Camp, and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 38. Report of Col. Ira G. Grover, Seventh Indiana Infantry. HDQRS. SEVENTH REGIMENT INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, July 9, 1863. SIR: In accordance with circular from brigade headquarters, I have the honor to submit the following report of the action of the regiment under my command from the 1st instant to the present date: On the afternoon of July 1, I joined the brigade at Gettysburg, having been previously detached at Emmitsburg by order of General Reynolds. By command of General Wadsworth, we tQok up a posi- tion on the hill east of Gettysburg, forming at that time the extreme right of our lines. We immediately commenced the construction of a temporary breastwork. During the succeeding night a force of the enemy attempted to penetrate our lines, but were easily driven off, * Embodied in revised statement, p. 173 Page 285 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 285 supposing themselves confronted by a lieavy force. This position we continued to occupy until the evening of the 3d instant, the fire of the enemy being more or less severe during the entire time, when we were ordered, with two other regiments of the brigade, to the sup- port of a portion of the Eleventh Corps on Cemetery Hill. On the following morning we were ordered to advance through the town, under command of Colonel Hofmann, of the Fifty-sixth Penn- sylvania Volunteers. Having arrived near the farther extremity of the village, the order was countermanded, and we returned to the position taken on the 1st instant. On the morning of July 5, we took up position on~the battle-field south of town, in connection with the brigade. On the following day, marched to Emmitsburg, and the next day crossed the Catoctin Mountain. The day following we marched through Middletown, crossing South Mountain, and took up position in our present camp. The officers of my command, without exception, were unfaltering in the discharge of their duties and behaved with commendable brav- ery. The men are equally deserving of credit. I deem it proper to make special mention of Sergeant [William] Hussey, Company B. On the night of the 1st instant, unassisted, he captured a lieutenant of the Twenty-fifth Virginia Regiment and drove off a squad of 20 men. Accompanying this report I send you a list of the casualties.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, IRA G. GROVER, Colonel, Commanding Seventh Indiana Volunteers. Capt. J. A. KELLOGG Acty. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2d Brig., 1st. Div., 1st Army Corps. No. 39. Report of Capt. John E. Cook, Seventy-sixth New York Infantry. CAMP NEAR BooNsBoRouGH, MD., July 11, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that on July 1, at about 10.30 a. in., being the extreme advance regiment of the First Corps, we reached the battle-field near the seminary at Gettysburg, and while marching by the flank were opened upon by the enemy, stationed in large force at a distance of about 30 rods, where they were lying down concealed from view in a wheat-field. We were exposed to their fire several minutes before replying. The men were cautioned to hold their fire until the enemy appeared, when orders were given to commence firing. At this juncture, a large force of the enemy deployed upon our right flank, subjecting us to a galling cross-fire. Major Grover then ordered the right wing to change front to the rear to oppose the new force. Simultaneously with this he fell, mortally wounded, and the brigade commander ordered the regiment to fall back. This was done in good order and the line reformed on the railroad track near the seminary. We again advanced and took our old ground, which we held for some time; then fell back to the woods * Embodied in revieed statement. p. 173 Page 286 286 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. on the brow of the hill; thence advanced right-oblique a short dis- tance, obtained a good position, and silenced the fire of the enemy, who lay behind a fence in the hollow. Here we shot down their colors (having done so twice in the.first engagement), and a portion of our regiment charged with the Ninety-fourth New York, and took a large b6dy of the enemy and a stand of colors. Being out of am- munition, the Ninety-fourth New York relieved us, and we were not again under infantry fire until we passed through Gettysburg. Here we lost 8 or 10 men by falling bricks and infantry fire in the streets; since which time the history of the regiment is that of the brigade. After this we had a few. men slightly wounded on the hill in the rear of the town. The whole regiment behaved admirably, with one or two exceptions. Each man came up to the mark without flinching, and remained there, taking careful aim and displaying great cool- ness. I desire to mention particularly the following officers for distin- guished bravery and coolness on the field: Capts. J. L. Goddard, Company F; H. W. Pierce, Company A; and S. M. Byram, Com- pany D; First Lieuts. C. A. Watkins, Company G; J. C. Hatch, Company C; and N. G. Bartholomew, Company K; First Sergts. Ira C. Potter, Company A; Silas Smith, Company I; and Homer D. Call; and Sergts. George W. Steele, Company G; and B. I. D. Fox, Company H. The casualties were as follows: Killed, 32; wounded, 132; missing, 70. Total, 234. I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant, JOHN E. COOK, Captain, Comdg. Seventy-sixth New York Volunteers. Capt. J. A. KELLOGG, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Second Brigade. No. 40. Report of Col. Edward B. Fowler, Eighty-fourth New York In fantry (Fouri~eenth Militia). HDQRS. FOURTEENTH NEW YORK STATE MILITIA, July 9, 1863. GENERAL: I havc the honor to transmit the following report of the three days battle, July 1, 2, and 3, 1863: On entering the field, the Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers and Fourteenth. Regiment New York State Militia were formed on the left of the brigade, a house and garden intervening between them and the right wing. We were at once engaged by the enemys skir- mishers from woods to our left and front. We drove the enemy back, and I then found that the enemy were advancing on our right, and were then to our rear, and in possession of one of our pieces of artil- lery. I immediately ordered my command, Ninety-fifth New York Volunteers and Fourteenth New York State Militia, to march in re- treat until on a line with the enemy, and then changed front perpen- dicular to face them, the enemy also chartging front to meet us. At this time the Sixth Wisconsin Regiment gallantly advanced to onr ussistance. Tho enemy then took pos~cs~ion of ~ v~dlro~d out, and Page 287 CHAP. XXXIX.] . THE GEITYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 28Z gave the order to charge them, which order was carried out gallantly by all the regiments, by which the piece of artillery was recaptured. The advance was continued until near the cut, when I directed the Sixth Wisconsin to flank it by throwing forward their right, which being done, all the enemy within our reach surrenderedofficers, battle-flag, and men. Those in line on the left of my line escaped by following through the railroad cut. I held this position until ordered to the rear to join the brigade. The conduct of both officers and men in the whole command de- serves the highest praise. The loss was very severe on our side, but I think much greater on the part of the enemy. The Fourteenth participated in the action of the brigade during the remainder of the day, and the retreat through Gettysburg to near position on Cemetery Heights. On the 2d instant this regiment remained in the second line of the position of the brigade until near dark, when it was or- dered to re-enforce General Greene on the right, and became engaged partially with a regiment of the enemy, supposed to be the Tenth Virginia, who had penetrated~ inside our lines. As I was in doubt whether they were friends or enemies, I hesitated in opening fire upon them, but at length gave them a volley, which drove them from their position on our flank. The regiment rem~ined with General Greene all night, part of the time in the trenches, and was relieved shortly after sunrise, and returned to the brigade. On the morning of the 3d instant, we were ordered again to the right, to re-enforce General Geary. Fought in the trenches, and lay in reserve until 5 p. in., when the regiment was relieved and ordered to join the brigade. The loss of the regiment for the three days fight amounts to nearly 50 per cent. of the force engaged, as shown by list already for- warded. I cannot praise too highly the gallantry of the whole coni- mand, both officers and men; all doing so well that I would be unjust to particularize individual cases. - Respectfully, & c., E. B. FOWLER, Colonel, Comdg. Fourteenth New York State Militia. General LYSANDER CUTLER, Comdg. Second Brig., First Div., First Army Corps. No. 41. Report of Maj. Edward Bye, Ninety-fifth New York Infantry. IN THE FIELD, July 11, 1863. SIR: In compliance with circular from brigade headquarters, I have the honor to report: The Ninety-fifth Regiment, under command of Col. George H. Biddle, was marched in front of the enemy on the 1st instant and engaged them. The left wing of your brigade, comprising the Four- teenth New York State Militia and the Ninety-fifth New York Vol- unteers, under the command of Colonel Fowler, seeing the right wing of the brigade give way, retired a short distance, and then formed line of battle in connection with the Sixth Wisconsin Volun- teers, and together charged upon and took as prisoners a large num- ber of the enemy, being part of the same force which ha driven back the right wing .of the brigade, d previoi~isl Page 288 288 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. At this time Colonel Biddle was wounded and retired from the field. I then took command of the regiment, in which I was ably assisted by Capt. James Creney, senior captain of the regiment. We were or- dered to retire to a new position, in doing which we assisted in drag- ging off by hand a piece of artillery left on the field. We again ad- vanced to near the ground where the right wing had been engaged in the morning. Being outflanked, we again retired, after which we ~hanged direction to the right and again engaged the enemy. From this position we were also compelled to retire by reason of being flanked by the enemy. We were next ordered to a position on the right of the Theological Seminary, and again engaged the enemy. From this position we re- tired along with the whole First Army Corps. My regiment behaved very well, and gave me just cause to be proud of it. All the officers, with one or two exceptions, behaved well. This regimert lost, in killed, 7; wounded, 8 officers and 54 men, and missing (mostly prisoners), 1 officer and 45 men. On the 2d instant, we occupied the ,intrenchments on the right, and aided in repelling the enemy. No casualties occurred. On the 3d instant, we continued in the same intrenchments until about 3 p. in., when we were ordered, with th~ Fifty-sixth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers ~nd Seventh Indiana Volunteers, to support the left at a point near the cemetery. Our aid was not needed. We remained here during the night, and returned to our former position on the right on the morning of the 4th instant. I will take occasion to recommend for promotion several non-com- missioned officers who deserve special mention. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient serv- ant, E. PYE, Major, Comdg. Ninety-fifth New York Volunteer Regiment. Capt. J. A. KELLOGG, A. A. A. G., 2d Brig., 1st Div., 1st Army Corps. No. 42. Report of Col. J. William Ilofmann, Fi,fty-sixth Pennsylvania In fantry. IN THE FIELD, July 11, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the operations of my regi- ment from the morning of the 1st instant to date. On the morning of the 1st instant, the regiment, under my com- mand, left camp on the Emmitsburg and Gettysburg road, near Marsh Creek. We numbered 17 officers and 235 enlisted men for duty. We marched to Gettysburg, and engaged the enemy at 11 a. m. We suffered severely. In twenty minutes our loss in killed and wounded was over 70. On the 2d instant, we engaged the enemy on the ridge in rear of the town. Our loss here was 2 enlisted men killed and 3 wounded. Total loss: Killed, enlisted men, 110; wounded, 6 officers and 64 en- listed men; prisoners, 2 officers, enlisted men unknown; missing, 38 enlisted men Page 289 CHAP. XXXIX.] lifE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 289 My officers and men did all that could be asked of brave men. Of the enlisted men it is but just to mention Corporal [Patrick] Burns. of Company D, acting color-bearer, who was wounded while gallantly waving the flag in the face of the enemy on the evening of the 2d instant. Private [George] Nolter, of Company D, was successful in capturing a major of the rebel army on the morning of the 4th in- stant. Of the officers wounded, Lieutenant Gordon, Company B, has since died. A list of names of the killed and wounded is herewith submitted. * I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. W. HOFMANN, Colonel, Comdg. Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Captain KELLOGG, A. A. A. G., 2d Brig., 1st Div., 1st Army Corps. No. 43. Report of Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. HDQRS. SECOND DIVISION, FIRST ARMY CORPS, July 18, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- tions of this division in the engagements of the 1st, 2d, and 3d in- stant: On the morning of Wednesday, the 1st, the division marched from Emmitsbnrg, bringing up the rear of the column, and when about 3 miles from Gettysburg, hearing firing in front, it was pushed rapidly forward, and, arriving on the field, was placed, by order of the major- general commanding First Corps, in reserve, near the seminary. Almost immediately after taking this position, I received notice that the enemy was advancing a heavy column of infantry on the right of our line of battle, when I sent the Second Brigade, under Briga- dier-General Baxter, to meet it. Orders being received at this time to hold the seminary, the First Brigade, under Brigadier-General Paul, was set at work to intrench the ridge on which it is situated. I then rode to the right of the line, to superintend the operations there. On my arrival, I found my Second Brigade so pla~ced as to cover our right flank, bnt with too great an interval between it and the line of the First Division. I at once directed General Baxter to change front forward on his left battalion, and to close this interval, toward which the enemy was making his way. By the time this change was effected, the whole front of the brigade became hotly en- gaged, but succeeded in repulsing the attack. The enemy, however, soon after brought up fresh forces in increased masses, when, find- ing the position so seriously threatened, I sent for and brought up the First Brigade, and placed part of it in the position first occupied by Baxters brigade, and the remaining battalions as a support to his second position. The enemy now made repeated attacks on the di- vision, in all of which he was handsomely repulsed, with the loss of three flags and about 1,000 prisoners. ___ _____________ * Embodied in revised statement, p. 173. 19 R R~-VOL XXVII, PT Page 290 g90 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. ICHAP. XXXIX. In one of these attacks I was deprived of the services of the veteran commander of the First Brigade; Brigadier-General Pani, who fell, severely wonnded, while gallantly directing and enconraging his corn- mand. The division held this position on the rightreceiving and repel- ling the fierce attacks of a greatly snperior force, not only in front, but on the flank, and, when the enemys ranks were broken, charg- ing upon him and capturing his colors and menfrom about noon until nearly 5~ p. in., when I received orders to withdraw. These orders not being received until all other troops (except Stewarts battery) had commenced moving to the rear, the division held its ground until ontflanked right and left, and retired fighting. From the nature of the enemys attacks, frequent changes were rendered necessary, and they were made promptly under a galling fire. No soldiers ever fought better, or inflicted severer blows upon the enemy. When out of ammunition, their boxes were replenished from those of their killed and wounded comrades. The instances of distinguished gallantry are too numerous to be embodied in this report, and I leave it to the brigade and regimental commanders to do justice to those under their immediate command. Where all did so well, it is difficult to discriminate. As, however, they came under my personal observation, I cheerfully indorse the remarks of General Baxter in commendation of Colonel Coulter, Eleventh Pennsylvania; Colonel Wheelock, Ninety-seventh New York; Colonel Lyle, Ninetieth Pennsylvania; Colonel Bates and Lieutenant-Colonel Allen, Twelfth Massachusetts; Lieutenant-Col- onel Moesch, Eighty-third New York, and Major Foust, Eighty- eighth Pennsylvania. After the fall of General Paul, the command of the First Brigade devolved successively upon Colonel Leonard, Thirteenth Massachu- setts, Colonel Root, Ninety-fourth New York, and Colonel Coulter, Eleventh Pennsylvania, all of whom were wounded while exercising the command. After withdrawing from this contest, I took up a position on a ridge to the left of the cemetery, facing the Emmitsburg road, and re- mained there until afternoon of the next day,when I was relieved by a division of the Second Corps, and ordered to the support of the Eleventh Corps. In the evening, I was ordered to the left of our line,~ but was soon after directed to return. On Friday morning, 3d instant, the division was massed, and held ready to push forward to the support of the Twelfth Corps, then en- gaged with the enemy on our right. About noon, I was informed by the major-general commanding the army that he anticipated an attack on the cemetery by the enemys forces massed in the town, and was directed to so place my command that if our line gave way I could attack the enemy on his flank. I proceeded to make this change of position at the moment the enemy comnienced the terrific artillery fire of that day. Never before were troops so exposed to such a fire of shot and shell, and yet the move- ment was made in perfect order and with little loss. Later in the day, the enemy having made his attack on our left instead of the center, I was ordered to the right of the Second Corps, which position I held until Sunday, when the line was with- drawn. My thanks are due to Brigadier-Generals Baxter and Paul for the able and zcalous rnanncr in which they handled their brigades. Th Page 291 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 291 officers of my staff were actively engaged during the whole of the three days engagements. Lieutenant [Samuel M.] Morgan. acting assistant adjutant-general; Lieutenant [Frederick M. J Hallock, aide-de-camp, and Lieutenants Bratton and Mead, acting aides, were at all times distinguished for their gallantry and good conduct. C4ptain [John G.] Hovey, acting assistant inspector-general, was wounded and taken from the field early in the fight. Lieutenant Smith, ordnance officer, was diligent in the performance of his duty, and collected and turned in 2,251 muskets and a large number of equipments. It affords me pleasure to call special attention to the gallant con- duct of one of my orderlies, Sergt. Ebenezer S. Johnson, First Maine Cavalry, whose chevrons should be exchanged for the epanlette. When we m ke officers of such men, the soldier receives his true re- ward and the service great benefit. This division went into battle with less than 2,500 officers and men, and sustained a loss of 1,667, of which 124 were commissioned offi- cers. I transmit herewith a nominal and tabular statement of casualties, showing the loss of each regiment. * Very respeCtfully, your obedient servant, JNO. C. ROBINSON, Brigadier- General, Commanding Division. The ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL First Army Gorps. ADDENDA. HDQRS. SECOND DIVISION, FIRST ARMY CORPS, November 15, 1863. Maj. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac: GENERAL: I feel it is my duty to inform you of the intense morti- fication and disappointment felt by my division in reading your re- port of the battle of Gettysburg. For nearly four hours on July 1 we were hotly engaged against overwhelming numbers, repulsed repeated attacks of the enemy, Captured three flags and a very large number of prisoners, and were the last to leave the field. The division formed the right of the line of battle of the First Corps, and during the whole time had to fight the enemy in front and protect our right flank (the division of the Eleventh Corps being at no time less than half a mile in rear). We went into action with less than 2,500 men and lost considerably more than half our number. We have been proud of our efforts on that day, and hoped that they would be recognized. It is but natural we should feel disappointed that we are not once referred to in the report of the commanding general. Trusting that you will investigate this matter and give us due Credit, I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. C. ROBINSON, Brigadier-General, Gommanding Division. * Embodied in revised statement, pp. 173, 174 Page 292 292 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. HDQRs. SECOND DIVISION, FIRST ARMY CoRPS, July 5, 1863. General WILLIAMS, Assistant Ad~jutant-General, Army of the Potomac: I have the honor to send by bearer two stand of colors captnred by this division in the action of Jnly 1. One taken besides was re- tained by Colonel Wheelock, who was afterward taken prisoner. Very respectfnlly, yonr obedient servant, JNO. C. ROBINSON, Brigadier-General, Commanding Division. No. 44. Reports of (Jot. Richard Coniter, Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding regiment and First Brigade. GETTYSBURG, PA., July 6, 1863. SIR: I report the following as the part taken by my command in the-action with the enemy on July 1, near Gettysbnrg, Pa.: The First Division had been for some time engaged when this bri- gade, abont 11 a. in., was massed on the west side and near the em- bankment of the railroad. At this point I was directed by the gen- eral commanding the brigade to proceed with the Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers, Colonel Wheelock, and my own, Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volnnteers, which I did, deploying both r~1giments, and moved with skirmishers abont a qnarter of a mile be- yond the railroad track. Discovering that the enemys movement was being directed against the left flank, I changed front to the left, and took position on the ridge (where the fighting snbseqnently too1~ of ri~ht of General place), connecting the left my command npon the - - Cntlers brigade, of the First Division. I was here joined on thc~ right by General Baxter, who resnmed command of the entire line. The skirmishers had been a short time engaged, and abont 12.30 p. m. the firing became general along the entire line. The enemy, after several attempts, finding it impossible to force onr position, coin- menced moving his troops toward the left, nnder a galling and effect- ive fire from onr line. While this was being done, a sally was made by part of the brigade (the Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers and my own regiment engaging in it), which resulted in the captnre of abont 500 of the enemy. The, line was steadily maintained under a brisk fire until after 3 p. in., at which time, the ammnnition being exhansted, we were re- lieved by a portion of the First Brigade. Upon being so relieved, the regiment was moved to the railroad embankment on the left, and there remail4ed in support of a battery until ordered to fall back to the town of ~-ettysburg, the enemy having in the meantime tnrned both flanks; then retired with the brigade along the railroad, snifer- ing most severely from a galling fire of musketry and artillery. The division immediately assumed another position in the rear of the town, on Cemetery Hill. Here my regiment was transferred to the First Brigade, and I assnmed the command of the brigade. At this point, therefore, my report ceases as connected with the Second Brigade. The loss in my regiment dnring this period was: Killedenlisted men, 5; woundedcommissiOned officers, 6; enlisted men, 44; miss Page 293 AP. XXXLX.1 iTII~ GETTYSI3IJRG CAMPAIGN. jugcommissioned officers, 3; enlisted men, 63; of which a report has heretofore been furnished. Some of those reported missing, it has since been ascertained, were wounded; others were secured upon the retaking of the town, the residue having been taken by the enemy. An additional and detailed report of the losses will be made so soon as the necessary information c~n be had. * The conduct of both officers and men as they came under m~y ob- servation during this trying engagement was most creditable, so much so as to secure even the encomiums of the enemy. Not a single case of faltering came under my notice. I desire to mention the gallantry of Colonel Wheelock and Lieu- tenant-Colonel Spofford, of the Ninety-seventh New York Volun- teers, the first for the manner in which he brought his regiment into action and sustained it, the second on account of his moving forward and fighting the skirmishers of the two regiments as he did. Both subsequently fell into the hands of the enemy. I wish also to call attention to the conduct of one of General Rob- insons mounted orderlies, Sergeant Johnson, of the First Maine Cavalry. The promptitude with which he conveyed orders and com- munica~ed information was highly creditable. He has proved him- self on this as well as on other fields to be a brave soldier. I have the honor to remain, yours, respectfully, R. COULTER, Colonel Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Voinnteers. The ACTING ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Second Brigade, Second Division, First Army Corps. BALTIMORE, MD., Jnly 9, 1863. SIR: The following is a report of the part taken by the First Bri- gade in the engagements with the enemy, from the 1st to the 4th in- stant, at Gettysburg, Pa.: My regiment was transferred from the Second to the First Brigade about 5 p. m. on the 1st instant, when the division was formed in the cemetery. I was directed to assume command on account of the dis- ability of General Paul and loss of other field officers. I can, there- fore, state but little of the part taken in the engagement of the earlier part of the day on the west side of the town, excepting what is con- tained in the reports of the several regimental commanders, which accompany and are made part of this report. In the action, this brigade was formed on the left of the Second Brigade and right of the First Division, and was engaged until 3 p. in., when a part was moved to the right, to relieve the~ Second Bri- gade, their ammunition being exhausted. Both flanks of the corps in the meantime having been turned by the enemy, this brigade re- tired, with the residue of the division, under a very destructive fire, along the railroad embankment and through the town to the ceme- tery, where the division was reformed about tip. m. Here, as before stated, 1 assnmed command. Later in the evening, moved toward the left, and took position on ,the left of the Eleventh Corps, and, having built breastworks of such materials as were at hand, remained there in support of the batteries at that point until relieved by the Third Division, Second Corps, about noon next day. * See revised statement, p. 173. 7 Page 294 294 N. 0., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. tcHAP. ZxxiX. About 7 oclock in the evening were moved farther to the left, to support the operations of the Third Corps, in which we were sub- jected to a considerable artillery fire, with some loss; which duty being accomplished, we returned. About 10 p. m. were placed in position on the Emmitsburg and Gettysburg road and in front of the cemetery, to sapport a portion of the Eleventh Corps, from which duty we were relieved at day- light on the 3d. About 2 p. m. of the .3d, the artillery fire becoming heavy and gen- eral along the line, the brigade was moved quickly to the right, to the support of Captain Ricketts and other batteries operating on the right of the cemetery. Here we remained about an hour, and were ex- posed to both the front and rear fire of artillery and the enemys skir- mishers. When about to move on return to the left, I was wounded an(l temporarily disabled, and the command was transferred to Colonel Lyle, of the Ninetieth Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment. I remained with the brigade, however, and soon after resumed the command. About 3 p. m. moved rapidly to the left, under a severe fire, to the support of the Second Corps, upon which the enemy appeared to have concentrated their attack, and took position in support of a battery on the right of the Third Division, Second Corps. Brisk skirmish- ing was kept up with considerable loss on both sides until 9 p. m. About 11 p. in., it being ascertained that the enemy were removing the fences within reach, either for the purpose of making defense against attack or of opening the way, the breastworks in our front were much strengthened by the addition of stone and timber, the brigade wcirking almost the entire night. No change was made on the 4th. The skirmishing was continued with some loss. The following table gives the loss each day: Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. .Date. S S S S ~ u .3 u S S ~ .5 ~ IS .5 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~A 0 [~ ~ Julyl 1 85 85 68 89 598 75 701 776 July2 5 1 9 1 12 2 26 28 July3 1 7 4 2 7 7 14 July4 1 2 8 3 Total* 1 42 43 83 40 612 84 737 821 This table does not include the loss of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers on the 1st instant, it being then attached to the Second Brigade, and its loss being accounted for with that brigade. Many reported missing, it has been since ascertained, were killed or wounded. Some were recovered on re-entering the town, and the residue are in the hands of the enemy. The conduct of officers and men, so far as they came under my observation, was in every way creditable. Three officers of General Pauls staff being reported among the missing, I selected Adjt. A. R. Small, Sixteenth Maine, as acting as- * But see revised statement, p. 113 Page 295 (~a~p. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 295 sistant adjutant-general, and Lieutenant Howe, of the Thirteenth Massachusetts, as aide-de-camp, of whom I desire to make special mention for assistance rendered me. This report is made under unfavorable circumstances, away from the brigade, and without means of obtaining full information, which facts will account for any deficiencies. I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant R.. COULTER, Colonel, Corwinanding Brigade. Lieut. S. M. MORGAN, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Second Division. No. 4~i. Report of Lieut. Cot. Augustus B. Farnham, Sixteenth Maine Infantry. HEADQUARTERS SIXTEENTH MAINE VOLUNTEERS, August 19, 1863. Report of the part taken by the Sixteenth Maine Volunteers in the recent operations of the army, from June 28 to July 24, 1863. June 28, 1863.On picket 5 miles to the north of Middletown, Md. At 3 p. m. received orders to be ready for a move, and at 4 p. m. the regiment moved by the old road over the mountains to Frederick City, arriving there at 3 a. m. on the morning of the 29th. Resumed our line of march at S a. in., and marched a distance of 26 miles, pass- ing through Emmitsburg at 6 p. in., and camped near the town. Distance marched from zI p. m. June 28 till 6 p. m. June 29, 40 miles. June 30.Marched at 8 a. in., and, after proceeding about 4 miles, crossed the Peniisylvania line, and camped for the night. July 1.Marched at 6 a. m. After proceeding a short distance, heard cannonading to the front. After reaching the battle-ground, we were ordered with the rest of the brigade forward toward the right and in rear of a large house and ridge, where we halted for a few moments. We were then ordered, with the Ninety-fourth NeW York Volunteers, to the left and front, and threw up a barricade of rails, & c. In fifteen minutes we were ordered to the right, to engage the enemy at the top of the ridge, and which being done we changed front, our right resting on the top of the ridge and running parallel with the fence and woods and in front of our original lines. Here we engaged the enemy, and drove him from his position, after which we were ordered to the rear in the woods, where we lay skirmishing with the enemy a few moments. We were then ordered, alone, by General Robinson, to take possession of a hill which commanded the road, and hold the same as long as there was a man left. We took the position as ordered, and held the same until, finding the enemy in such force, and rapidly advancing on us, and seeing no support com- ing to our aid, we fell back into the hollow, and formed again, but could not hold our position, and finally fell back into the woods, where we engaged the enemy until, finding that we were again left without support, and the enemy engaging us both front and flank, ordered a retreat, but not in time to reach the main body of the brigade~ Our loss in killed, wounded, and missing for the day was: Officer Page 296 296 N. c., VA., w. VA., MD., PA., ETC. LOHAP. XXXTX. killed, 1; enlisted men killed, 8; officers wounded, 5; enlisted men wounded, 47; officers missing, 11; enlisted men missing, 151; total, 223. July 2.Supported a battery on Cemetery Hill until nearly dark, when we were ordered to the left, and ran the gauntlet of a very heavy artillery fire, reaching the point of attack just as the enemy were being driven back. We returned to our position on the right, and about 9 p. m. moved on the hill in front of the batteries and near the town, where we were much annoyed by the enemys sharpshooters firing from the windows and houses. July 3.Soon after daylight we were ordered to the rear of the batteries. As we rode up from behind the stone wall, we received a volley from the enemys pickets, but fortunately did us no damage. We held a position in support of a battery until the enemy making a desperate attack on the center, our division was sent to re-enforce the Second Corps. Reached the point of attack as the enemy were being driven back broken and defeated. We relieved the Second Corps, built breastworks on the edge of the woods, and, after sending out a strong picket, bivouacked for the night. July 4.Our pickets skirmished with the enemys during the day. July 5.The regiment was relieved at 12 in., and moved to the left and rear, and bivouacked in a small piece of woods for the night. Our loss in killed and wounded during the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th, was as follows: Officers killed, none; enlisted men killed, none; offi- cers wounded, 1; enlisted men wounded, 3; total, 4. July 6.Moved at 7 a. m. and camped near Emmitsburg. Length of march, 8 miles. July 7.Marched through Emmitsburg, Mechanicstown, over the Catoctin Mountains, and camped on the western slope, 4 miles north of Middletown. Length of march, 25 miles. July 8.Marched at daylight in a heavy rain. Passed through Middletown, and halted 1 mile west of the town at 11 a. m. Marched again at 4 p. in., and bivouacked on the western slope of South Mountain. July 9.Remained in line of battle on South Mountain. July 10.Marched at 5 a. ni. through Boonsborough, and halted 3 miles west of the town aiid threw up breastworks. Moved about 80 rods to the rear, and threw up more breastworks at right angles with the first, the former running north and south. Length of march, 7 miles. July 11.Remained in line near Beaver Creek till 3 p. ni., when we went on picket. July 12.Were called in at 10 a. m. Moved through Funkstown, and formed a line of battle on north side of Antietam Creek, facing Hagerstown, at 4p. m. Remainedin line two hours, and then moved by the left flank about 40 rods, and formed on the left by file into line; then by the left flank about 30 rods, and built breastworks; then bivouacked for the night. July 13.Remained in line; some skirmishing in front. July 14.Moved at 1 oclock toward Williamsport, and camped 1 mile this side of the town. July 15.Marched at 5.30 a. in., and passed through Smoketown, Keedysville, and Knoxville, and camped at the base of the Catoctin Mountains, on the west side, near Cramptons Gap. July 16.Marched at 6 a. in., and pass~d through Cramptons Gap past Burkittsville, and camped near Berlin Page 297 CHAP. XXxIKI THE GETTYSBURG CAM?AIG1~. 297 JuLJ 17.ilemained in camp. July 18.Marched at 6 a. in., and crossed the Potomac at Berlin. Passed east of Lovettsville, and bivouacked near Waterford. Length of march, 10 miles. July 19.Marched at 6 a. m. through Waterford, by Harmony Church, through Hamilton, and camped half a mile west of the town. Length of march, 6 miles. July 20.Marched to Middleburg; distance, 1~5 miles. July 21.Remained in camp. July 22.Marched at 7 p. m. toward White Plains. Until about 11 p. m. the marching was very slow and tedious, being in the rear of the train. At 12 oclock men still on the march. July 23.Marched until 4 a. in., and bivouacked at White Plains. At 7 a. m. marched toward Warrenton. Reached Warrenton at ti p. in., and formed a line of battle on the southwest side of the town. Bivouacked for the night. A. B. FARNHAM, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Sixteenth Maine Volunteers. [Capt. BYRON PORTER, Assistant Adjutar- & +znerai.] No. 46. Report of Lieut. Col. N. Walter Batcheider, Thirteenth ]lifassa- chusetts InfeCutry. HDQRS. THIRTEENTH MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, August 21, 1863. SIR: In compliance with circular received August 18, 1863, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my regiment in the movements of the army, from June 28 till its ait~rival at Warrenton, Va.: June 28.Broke camp at Middletown, Md. at 3.30 p. in., and marched over the old mountain road to near Frederick Qity, arriving in camp at 8 p. m. Distance marched was 9. miles. June 29.Marched at 5 a. in., passing through Emmitsburg at 5.30 p. in.; camped near tbe town. Distance marched was 26 miles, the greater part of the march being over mud roads in very bad condition, owing to continued rains. June 30.Marched at 8 a. in., and, after proceeding about 6 miles, crossing the Pennsylvania line, halted and formed line of battle, the First Division having encountered the pickets of the enemy. July 1.Marched at 6 a. m. After proceeding about 4 miles, heard cannonading in front, our cavalry and flying artillery having engaged the advance of the enemy. We rapidly neared the firing, and General Paul notified the brigade that they were immediately going into an engagement. We left the road, and moved out to the front of Gettysburg, and soon came under the fire of the enemy. The enemy so far outnum- bering us, our brigade was sent into action by regiments, and with so great anitervail between my regiment and the one on my left that we were not able to properly support each other. My regiment was on the extreme right flank of the division and the edge of the woods in which the action commenced. 7 Page 298 298 ThO., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. tOnAP. XXXIX. Colonel Leonard was wounded early in the fight, and the command devolved upon me. A steady fire was kept np by the men for upward of an hour. At last, being seriously annoyed by the fire of a regiment of the enemy sheltered behind the banks of Chambersbnrg pike road, I or- dered a charge on the road, which resulted in driving the enemy from their position, leaving in our hands 132 prisoners, 7 of whom were commissioned officers. They were safely sent to the rear and turned over to the provost guard. A division of the Eleventh Corps on our right giving way before a charge of the enemy, left our flank exposed, and, no support com- ing up, a retreat was ordered, and we fell back tbrough the town to the heights in the rear, where the command was reorganized. About 100 were taken prisoners on the way to the rear. The regiment went into action with 260 muskets. The total loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners in the days battle was 189. July 2.Supported batteries on Cemetery Hill until nearly dark, when we were ordered to the left. Reached the point of attack too late to participate in the actiom Returned to our position on the right, and were ordered to the front of the batteries and near the town. July 3.At daylight were ordered to the rear of the batteries. Remained there until afternoon, when we were sent to support the center, which the enemy were making desperate efforts to break. Reached the point of attack as the enemy were handsomely forced back by the Second Corps. Relieved the troops that had been en- gaged, built earthworks in the edge of the woods, and, after detailing a strong picket, bivonacked July 4.Picket skirmishing was kept up all day, with very few casualties. Rain fell nearly all day. July 5.At daylight discovered that the enemy had retreated. At 9 a. m. moved to the left, and occupied part of the ground on which the Third Corps had fought. July 6.Formed line at 6 a. in., and marched toward Emmitsburg. After marching 6 miles, were halted and marcbed back 2 miles, rest- ing in a piece of woods until afternoon. Again formed and marched to within 2 miles of Emmitsburg, and went into camp. July 7.Marched by the iough mountain road to Belleville; dis- tance, 20 miles. July 8.Marched through Middletown and South Mountain Gap, and threw up earthworks on the west side of the ridge. Distance marched, 18 miles. July 10.Marched through Boonsborough to Beaver Creek and built more earthworks. After conipleting the works, were ordered to change front to rear, and to build another line of works. July 11.Late in the afternoon went on picket. July 12.Withdrawn from picket early in the morning, marched to Funkstown and on the Hagerstown road. Formed line of battle on the left of tbe road, and again intrenched. July 14.At daylight it was evident the enemy had left our front. Marched at 2 p. in., and reached Williamsport before night. Went into camp. 15.Marched early, and camped at night near Craniptons fuly 16.Marched through Cramptons Gap and Burkittsville, camping near Berlin Page 299 ChAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAi~WAIGN. ~99 July 18.Crossed the Potomac on pontoons, and camped near Waterford. July 19.Marched to Hamilton. July 20.Marched to Middlebnrg. July 22.Marched as rear gnard to the suppiy train. Arrived at White Plains at 3 a. m. of the 23d. July 23.Marched at 10 a. in., and reached Warrenton at 4 p. in., and went into camp. Very respectfnlly, yonr obedient servant, N. W. BATCHELDER, Lieutenant-Colonel, Comdg. Thirteenth Massachusetts Vols. Capt. BYRON PORTER, Assistant A~jutant-General. No. 47. Report of Maj. Samuel A. ]Jfoffett, Ninety-fourth New York In fantry. RAPPAHANNOCIC STATION, VA., August 20, 1863; CAPTAIN: I beg leave respectfnlly to snbmit the following report of the part taken by the Ninety-fonrth Regiment New York Volnn- teers, commanded by Col. A. R. Root, from Jnne 28 until its arrival at Warrenton on July 23, 1863: On the afternoon of Jnne 28, we marched 7 miles, to near Frederick City. On the 29th, we marched a little beyond Emmitsburg, near which place the Ninety-fonrth picketed during the night. The next morning marched about 3 miles out of the village, where we re- mained dnring the day. July 1, marched to near Gettysburg, and, after moving forward to near the brick seminary, we were ordered to throw np breastworks. After remaining here a short time, we were ordered forward. We advanced through the woods to a fence, beyond which was the enemy. After dislodging and driving the~i from their position, we commenced to charge across the field, but after proceeding a part of the way were met by a large opposing force, andat the same time became aware of their advance on our left flank, threatening to cut off our retreat. We immediately fell back in good order to the woods. At this period, Colonel Root being wounded, the comniand of the regiment devolved upon me. We remained in the woods about half an hour, slightly changing our position several times. I was then ordered by General Robinson to take my command to the crest of the hill near by, which I immediately did. I remained in this position until we fell back to the hill on the south side of the town, losing heavily in wounded and prisoners. The report of this day is necessarily meager, as Colonel Root, who had command of the regiment during.the hottest of the engagement, is abseuf a prisoner, and, no doubt, is possessed of much valuable in- formation concerning the battle which I had not the means of ascer- taining. We remained in the vicinity of Cemetery Hill during July 2 and 3, occasioi~a1ly changing our position in obedience to orders. We wer Page 300 [cIHAP. XXXD~ constantly under fire, either from the batteries of the enemy or from their sharpshooters, but, fortunately, no one was killed and but few were wounded. Late in the afternoon of the 3d, in the midst of a heavy fire, we moved a short distance to the left of the hill, where we immediately threw up breastworks. Our skirmishers, which were at once sent forward, remained out during the night and the day fol- lowing. On the morning of the 5th, we marched to the left about 1 mile, and here remained during the day and night. The next morning we commenced a march which was continued during the two following days, passing on our way the villages of Emmitsburg and Middletown. On the 8th, we halted on the western slope of South Mountain range, and immediately threw up breast- works. Here we remained until the 10th, when we ikioved forward to near Little Beavertown, on Beaver Creek, and again threw up in- Irenchments. At this place the Ninety-fourth New York was ordered out on picket duty, which we performed until the following day. On the morning of the 12th, we again moved forward, and marched to near Hagerstown, where we immediately proceeded to intrench ourselves in close proximity to the intrenchments of the enemy. Our skir- mishers were engaged during the night and the next day, but no cas- ualties occurred. Early on the morning of the 14th, it was discovered that the skirmishers of the enemy had been withdrawn, and that their line of intrenchments had been abandoned. Soon after, we received ord& rs to advance, which we did without opposition, arriving near Williamsport late in the afternoon of the same day, and learning that the entire force of the enemy had recrossed the river. The next day, in compliance with orders, we faced about and marched toward Berlin, which place we reached about noon, July 16. Here we encamped until the morning of the 18th, when we crossed the Potomac River, marching in a southerly direction. Continuing our march, we passed the villages of Waterford, Middleburg, and White Plains, and reached Warrenton on the 23d day of July, 1863. S. A. MOFFETT, lliliajor, Commanding Ninety-fourth Regiment. Capt. BYRON PORTER, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 48. 1?eport of Cot. Gilbert G. Prey, One hundred and fourth New York infantry. HDQRs. 104TH REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, August 18, 1863. CAPTAIN: In accordance with circular from headquarters Army of the Potomac, August 12, 1863, I have the honor to report that on the 28th of June last the One hundred and fourth Regiment New York Volunteers marched from Middletown, Md., to Frederick City, Md.; bivouacked for the night. On the 29th, marched to Emmitsburg, Md.; bivouacked for the night about 1 mile west of the town. On the morning of the 30th, marched across the State line into Pennsylvania, north of Emmitsburg; bivouacked until the next morning, when we resumed the march to Gettysburg, where we arrived about 1 oclock Page 301 301 CHAP. XXXIXI THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. When the brigade was first formed in line of battle, my regiment was plaCed on the right center, and Qrdered to throw up a breast- work of such material as they could find. In a few minutes the order was countermanded, and we marched by the right flank in rear of the Thirteenth Massachusetts Regiment across the railroad embankment, passing through a piece of woods some distance into an open field. I was ordered to form line by Brigadier-General Paul on the right of the Thirteenth Massachusetts Regiment, and, while doing so, was ordered by Brigadier-General Robinson, commanding divis- ion, to form on the left, and did so, my left resting near the Ninety- seventh Regiment (New York), my line running obliquely with the crest of the hill, where the enemy wa~ strongly posted behind a stone wall covered with thick underbrush, the fire from the wall taking us on the flank as the line advanced. I ordered my three left companies to gain the wall and dislodge the enemy, which they did in gallant style. The enemy retired in confusion before them. I then advanced my line to the road on which the enemy had been posted. Here sonie 35 or 40 prisoners were taken, but having neither officers nor men to spare to take charge of them, I directed theni to pass to the rear and join some already taken by the Thirteenth Mas- sachusetts, which they did. Fifteen or 20 more prisoners were after- ward taken by my regiment and sent to the rear. Shortly after gaining the road, the enemy began to move to our left in consider- - able force, and, as that was entirely unsupported, I caused my regi- ment to change front and take position behind the stone wall from which we had previously driven the enemy. As they still continued to advance on our front and right flank, I moved to the left, to connect with the Ninety-seventh New York. There we remained, firing, and held our position until ordered to re- tire. A list of the casualties has already been forwarded. We retired, and formed line behind a stone wall some 300 or 400 yards to the left of the cemetery, nearly parallel to the pike leading to Emmitsburg; remained there until the next morning, when we were moved to the right, to support a battery on Cemetery Hill. Remained there until about sundown of that day (July 2), when we were marched to the left, where the battle was raging at the time; formed line in rear of a portion of the Second Corps. When the battle closed, we were again marched to the right, and formed in line behind a stone wall on the west of the cemetery, and nearly down to the town; lay on our arms during the night. The next morning (July 3), we marched, under the fire of the enemys sharpshooters, to the rear of the cemetery, to support a battery, as on the day before. About 2 oclock of that day we were marched to the right of the cemetery, to screen us from the shot and shell that were playing into the place where we were; lay there about two hours, when we were marched, through a galling fire of shot, shell, and bullets, across the cemetery and to the left, and formed line in front of a brass battery in the woods immediately to the left of the cemetery. Sent out skirmishers. Continued in that position and capacity until about noon of the 5th, when we were marched to the left, and bivouacked near Round Top Mountain, so called. The next day (July 6) we marched to the State line near Emmitsburg; from thence (July 7) over the mountain to near Mid- dletown; bivouacked for the night, and the next morning (July 8) passed through Middletown and bivouacked about 1 mile out toward South Mountain. Toward night marched to the western slope of th Page 302 302 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [cHAP. XXXIX. South Mountain, near and to the north of Turners Gap, formed line, and were ordered to throw up a breastwork of stones, of which there was an abundance. Remained there until the 10th, and then marched on the pike toward Hagerstown, through Boonsborough, to within 3 miles of Funkstown, and filed, to the right some three-fourths of a mile from the pike, and formed line nearly parallel to the pike, and were ordered to throw up breastworks, which we did, and remained there until the 12th July; then marched to Funkstown, formed line nearly parallel with Antietam Creek; was ordered to throw up breastworks. Remained there until the 14th July; thence to near Williamsport; bivouacked over night. The next morning (July 15) marched to near Cramptons Gap; bivouacked on the west side of the mountain. Thence (July 16) to Berlin; remained there until July 18, when we marched to Waterford, Va. Thence (July 19) to Hamilton. Thence to Middleburg July 20; remained there until July 22, when we marched to White Plains, arriving there at day- light July 23. Thence the same day to Warrenton. GILBERT G. PREY, Colonel One hundred and fourth New York Volunteers. Capt. BYRON PORTER Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 49. Report of Capt. Jacob J. Bierer, Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry. HDQRS. ELEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA VOL. REGIMENT, August 22, 1863. SIR: In reply to circular from Headquarters Army of the Potomac, August 12, 1863, I respectfully make the following report: About 2 p. m. June 28, the regiment marched from Middletown, Md., to the left of Frederick City, and encamped about 2 miles from said city. June 29.Early we left camp and marched through Mechanics- town, and encamped near Emmitsburg, Md. June 30.Marched through Emnmitsburg on the Gettysburg road, and encamped 2 miles east of town and about one-fourth of a mile north of the Maryland and Pennsylvania line; there mustered for pay. July 1.The regiment marched to Gettysburg and were engaged with the enemy, Colonel Coulter being in command, whose report has already been made. July 2.The regiment, on the evening of July 1, having taken position in rear of breastworks on the south side of the town, was early this morning relieved by troops of the Second Corps, and marched about one-fourth of a mile to Cemetery Hill, in rear of which, with the division, it was formed to support a battery stationed on the hill. It remained here until 8 p. in., when it was marched to the left. At 9.30 p. m. it resumed its former position, and was subsequently formed in rear of a stone wall between the hill and town, along the road, where it remained until the morning of the 3d, at daylight, when it was moved to the position it formerly occupied in the rear of the cemetery. It remained until noon, when it was moved to the right Page 303 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBUI~C CAMPAIGN.. 303 About 2 p. m. the enemy commenced shelling so heavily as to make it necessary to move to the north side of the hill, where it remained about an hour, when it was marched across the ceme- tery to the right of the position occupied on the 2d, where it was formed in line, and remained during the balance of the day and until the 5th. July 5.Early in the morning the regiment, together with the bri- gade, was withdrawn from the rifle-pits and moved to the left, where we remained during the day and night. July 6.Early in the morning we left this position and moved to the State line of Pennsylvania, in Adams County, a distance of 6 miles, toward Emmitsburg, Md., and was there detailed for picket duty. July 7.At 3 a. m. the pickets were called in and the regiment re- joined the brigade; marched through Emmitsburg and Mechanics- town, and encamped in the evening on a range of the South Mountain, about 5 miles from Middletown, Md. July 8.Started at daylight and marched through Middletown, Md., and bivouacked on the north side of South Mountain, and re- mained there during the night and next day, having thrown up intrenchments. July 10.At 8 a. m. moved from this position, marching through Boonsborough. Was halted at Beaver Creek, and threw up breast- works, expectiiig to be attacked by the enemy, and lay in this posi- tion during Saturday, the 11th. July 12, Suuday.At 12 m. left encampment; moved to Funks- town, crossing Antietam Creek; formed line of battle, and in- trenched in the evening, having marched about 7 miles July 13.Remained in the intrenchments thrown up on the pre- vious day. July 14.The enemy having left our front, marched to within 19~ miles of Williamsport. July 15.Marched through Keedysville, Md., and Petersville, and encamped at the foot of South Mountain. July 16.At 5.30 a. m. marched across South Mountain, passing through Burkittsville, and encamped near Berlin early in the day, and remained there during the day and night and next day until the morning of the 18th. July 18.Passed through Berlin, and, crossing the river on pontoon bridge, marched to Waterford. On this day the regiment, tem- porarily assigned to the First Brigade, was, in accordance with new orders from headquarters Second Division, of July 18, transferred to the Second Brigade. July 19.At 8 a. m. left Waterford and marched to Hamilton. July 20.Crossing Goose Creek; came to Middleburg, where we encamped, and remained on the 20th and 21st. July 22.Left camp at 6 p. in., and, marching through the night, arrived at White Plains at 3 oclock in the morning. July 23.Left c~imp at 8 a. m. and marched toward Warrenton, Va., where we arrived at 3 p. m. I have the honor to be, yours, respectfully, J. J. BIERER, Gaptctiu, Gomdg. Eleveuth Pennsylvauia Vol teers. Lieut. J. H. SMITH, Actiua Assistant Ad~jutant-Generai Page 304 304 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. No. 30. Report of Lieut. Cot. James Mac Thomson, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Infantry. HEADQUARTERS 107TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, July 10, 1863. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to submit the following necessarily short report of the part the regiment under my command took in the engagement of July 1: Went into the fight at about ip. in., with 230 guns and 25 commis- sioned officers, the men loading as they walked. Were in action abont two honrs. Captured more prisoners than the regiment num- bered. I regret to report the loss of large numbers of most excellent soldiers. The casualties are, as far as ascertained, as follows: Field officers, lieutenant-colonel slightly, major severely, wounded; 3 commissioned officers known to be wounded, and 6 commissioned officers missing; 11 enlisted men known to be killed, 48 known to be wounded, and 93 missing. Men could not have fought better than these men, and I am grati- fied to say that not a single exhibition of cowardice of either officers or men was observed during the whole engagement. Respectfully submitted. With lunch respect, I am, lieutenant, your most obedient servant, JAMES MACTHOMSON, Lieutenant-Colonel, Comdg. 107th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Lieutenant SMALL, A. A. A. G., First Brig., Second Div., First Army Corps. No. 51. Report of Capt. Emanuel D. Roath, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Ii4antry. RAPPAHANNOCK, VA., August 15, 1863. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report, as per orders from brigade headquarters, from June 28 to July 22, in- clusive, viz: June 28.Left camp near Middletown, Md., and marched to Fred- erick City, Md. June 29.We marched from Frederick City to Emmitsburg, pass- ing on the way through Lewistown, Mechanicstown, and Catoctin Furnace settlement; also passing those famous Catholic institu- tions of learning, viz, the college and sisterhood near Emmitsburg. Having marched all day in rain and mud, reaching our destination of 23 miles at 5.30 p. in., the men were much fatigued on the march, but all answered and were accounted for at roll-call. We bivouacked about 1 mile west of Emmitsburg. June 30.We marched toward Gettysburg, and bivouacked abou Page 305 CHAP. XXXIX.] 305 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 3 miles north of IEmmitsburg for the remainder of the d~y and night on Pennsylvania soil. The following is the report of Lieut. Col. J. MaCThomson, of the One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the action of July 1, at Gettysburg, he being in Command up to that time, viz :* July 1.After the engagement, we fell back to the left of Ceme- tery Hill, and threw up strong breastworks, which we occupied until next morning. July 2.During the forenoon we were relieved by the Third Di- vision, Second Corps, and taken a few hundred yards in the rear to support a battery. We lay on our arms until about 6.30 p. in., when we were marched to the left, toward the Round Top, under a heavy and effective fire to assist in driving the rebel hordes back in the famons charge of the second day of the fight. After the charge, we marched back to near the cemetery, and were ordered to lay in rear of a stone fence, being a protection for the men from the enemys sharpshooters in our front. Our casualties during the second day were 1 commissioned officer and several men wounded. Our strength was about 78 guns and 12 commissioned officers. July 3.At 4.30 a. m. we were posted in the rear of Cemetery Hill, in support of the batteries stationed on that point, remaining in that position until 1.30 p. in., when the enemy opened upon us with a heavy and fnrious artillery fire. Our division was moved to the right of Cemetery Hill, at the same time lying under two direct fires of the enemys sharpshooters and one battery. The strife be- came terrific and the artillery firing terrible. At this crisis our services were required to support the batteries, when the regiment was marched with others along the crest or brow of the hill in rear of the batteries, through the most deadly fire ever man passed through, it appearing as though every portion of the atmosphere contained a deadly missile. After our services were no longer needed to support the batteries, the division to which my regiment was attached was moved to the left of Cemetery Hill, to participate in crowning our arms with the glorious victory achieved that day. My strength was about 72 guns and 11 commissioned officers. Casualties, 2 commissioned officers wounded; 1 private killed and several slightly wounded. The day being very hot, 3 of my men were carried insensible from the field on account of the intense heat. After resting a few hours, we sent out a line of skirmishers to the front, and threw up breastworks to protect the men in our position, where we remained for the night. July 4.We lay all day in the position of the previous night and strengthened it; did some skirmishing with the enemys sharp- shooters; had no casualties. It is proper here for me to state that the officers and men dis- played great gallantry and determination throughout all the en- gagements of the previous days, and are entitled to the praise and gratitude of a free and loyal people. July 5.After the skirmish line was relieved, we fell back some dis- tance, and encamped for the night. July 6.Left camp on or near the battle-field, and marched and * See preceding report~ 20 R RvoL xxvii, PT Page 306 306 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [cHAP. XXXIX. counter-marched a short distance; halted until 4p. in., when we were ordered forward again some distance, and encamped about 3 miles north of Emmitsburg, on Pennsylvania soil. July 7.Brigade ordered into line, and took up its line of march toward Middletown, Md., passing through Franklin Mills and Me- chanicstown; also crossed the Catoctin Mountains, and encamped near Beallsville, Md. July 8.Left camp near Beallsville, marched through the place to Middletown, and encamped a few hours south of the town in a heavy rain, it having also rained all the previous night. At 4 p. m. we again took up our line of march to South Mountain. Bivouacked there until the 10th, in line of preparation. Our cavalry had quite a sharp and successful encounter with the enemy on the 9th. .Juty 10.Moved forward, passing through Boonsborough and Bene- vola to near Beaver Creek, and intrenched; lay in that position until the 12th. July 11.My regiment was detailed for picket, and was stationed at Beaver Creek, a fine, thriving settlement; the enemy in large num- bers in the neighborhood. July 12, Sunday.Marched through Funkstown and bivouacked near Hagerstown, Md., throwing up strong breastworks, and remained there until the 14th. July 14.Left the breastworks and moved toward Williamsport, passing through and over the strong and abandoned works of the enemy, and bivouacked about 1 mile east of Williamsport for the night. The last of the enemy had recrossed the Potomac during the day, our cavalry capturing about 700 of them on their retreat and destroying a great portion of their train. July 15.Took up the line of march toward Berlin, passing through Jones Cross-Roads, Smoketown, Marsh, Keedysvilk, Locust Street, and Rohrersville, and bivouacked for the night near Cramp- tons Gap. July 16.Marched through the gap (while passing through the gap from the most elevated positions we had a fine view of Pleasant Yal- ley, Md., and it was a grand scene, for nature had just clothed it in the richest garb to welcome, as it were, the loyal and victorious army of the Union), leaving Burkittsville to our left, which is a fine, pleasant town, and bivouacked about 3 miles from Berlin, and re- mained there until the 18th. July 18.Marched to Berlin, crossed the Potomac into Loudoun County, Va., leaving Lovettsville to our right, and encamped near Waterford. July 19.Marched through Waterford to Hamilton, and biv- ouacked in a fine woods (Sunday). July 20.Marched to Middleburg, and lay encamped near the town along the Aldie pike until 6 p. m. of the 21st. Marched to White Plains during the night, arriving there at 4 a. m. on the morning of the 22d. After a few hours rest and breakfast, we moved to War- renton same day. Had no casualties during the march. Respectfully submitted. I am, captain, with much respect, your most obedient servant, E. D. ROATH, Captain, Comdg. One hundred and seventh Pa. Vols. Capt. BYRON PORTER, Asst. Adit. Gen. First Brig., SecQad Div., First Army Gorps Page 307 ChAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 307 No. 52. Report of Brig. Gen. Henry Baxter, U. S. Army, commanding Sec ond Brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND Div., FIRST ARMY CoRps, Camp near Berlin, Md., July 17, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to report the following as the part taken by the Second Brigade in the battle of Gettysbnrg: Ou Wednesday, July 1, we were early under arms and on the march from our bivouac, near Emmitsburg, for Gettysburg. We heard cannonading as we approached, and marched as rapidly as j3ossible, arriving near the front where the battle was raging at 11 a. in., halting here a few moments. An order arriving from General Rob- inson, commandiug division, before the brigade had halted, to send forward two regiments at once, the Eleventh Pennsylvania Volun- teers, Colonel Coulter, and the Ninety-seventh New York, Colonel Wheelock, continued their march, moving to the front. The remain- ing four regiments were ordered forward in a very few moments, and formed on the right of the two regiments already sent forward, which were on the right of the First Division (General Wadsworth). Indications being that we should be attacked on our right flank, I at once changed front by filing to the right and forming forward on first battalion, a division of the Eleventh Corps being on our right at least 400 yards. I immediately sent skirmishers forward, but the enemy now appearing on our left flank, I had again to change front to the left, an move forward to the crest of the hill, bringing us before the enemy, when the brigade opened on the advancing foes a most deadly fire, soon causing them to recoil and give way. An- other line immediately took the place of that repulsed, and at this time they appeared on our right flank, making it necessary for the Nine- tieth Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment, Colonel Lyle, to change front to meet them, which they did in perfect order, receiving mean- while a very severe fire. Again their lines were repulsed and again re-enforced. The Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers, Colonel Wheelock, Eighty-third New York Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Moesch, and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Major Foust, made a charge, capturing many prisoners, the Eighty-eighth Penn- sylvania Volunteers taking two battle-flags and the Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers one from the enemy. The Twelfth Massachu- setts Volunteers had a galling fire on the flank of this brigade at this time, which I think had a great influence upon its surrender. We were relieved by the First Brigade of the Second Division, having been engaged over two hours, and having suffered severely and expended our ammunition. We were then ordered to the sup- port of Captain Stewarts battery, where we remained until ordered from the field by General Robinson, having been outflanked on our right and left, and retired, under a galling fire, through Gettysburg to Cemetery Hill. I cannot speak in too high praise of the regimental commanders Colonel Coulter, of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers; Colonel Wheelock, of the Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers; Colonel Lyle, of the Ninetieth Pennsylvania Volunteers; and Colonel Bates, of the Twelfth Massachusetts Volunteers, who was wounded dur- ing the action, but remained until struck a second time and forced to retire, leaving the command with Lieutenant-Colonel Allen, wh Page 308 308 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. acquitted himself nobly; Lieutenant-Colonel Moesch, Eighty-third New York Volunteers, and Major Foust, of the Eighty-eighth Penn- sylvania Volunteerswho could all be seen in the thickest of the fight, cheering on their men, and giving system and efficiency to their work. Indeed, officers and men of the command behaved nobly. Colonel Wheelock, being in the rear, was taken prisoner while pass- ing through Gettysburg, but I have the extrenie satisfaction of re- porting his escape and return to his regiment, where he was received with cheer upon cheer. It is with pleasure I make favorable mention of the members of my staff: Lieutenant [David P.] Weaver, acting assistant adjutant- general; who exhibited a coolness and bravery seldom excelled, until he was struck in the foot by a bullet, making it necessary for him to retire. Lieutenant [Francis] Thomas, acting assistant in4ector- general, and Lieutenant [Robert C.] Knaggs, aide-de-camp, rendered me every assistance possible. Lieutenant Thomas passed through the battle nobly and with honor to himself, but while passing through the streets of Gettysburg was struck by a shell, killing him instantly. Lieutenant Knaggs was taken prisonel in Gettysburg while executing one of my orders. Just before we moved from this point, Colonel Coulter was assigned to the command of the First Brigade, taking his regiment (Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers) with him. About 5 oclock the brigade moved, with the division, from Ceme- tery Hill to the left and forward, near and parallel with the Eminits- burg road, where we formed in line of battle and made temporary breastworks, and remained in this position until about 10 oclock on the morning of the 2d, when we were relieved by General Webbs brigade, of the Second Corps, moving to the rear a short distance, where we remained until about 4 p. m. We were then ordered to the right a short distance, to support a battery of the Eleventh Corps, remaining in this position until about 6 oclock, being exposed to the enemys shells and sharpshooters, and losing some men. We were now ordered to the left, to the assistance of a division of the Third Corps, which was hard pressed, and, while moving into posi- tion, some of the enemys shells struck in our ranks, killing and wounding a few men. When we arrived in position, we were ordered by General Robinson to at once send ski mis~ers to the front, which was done, but no enemy was found, they having been driven. It was now dark, and we were ordered to the right, to the support of a line of the Eleventh Corps, near the position we last left, where we remained until the morning of the 3d instant, when we were again ordered to the support of the batteries of the Eleventh Corps, where we had been the evening previous. About 9 a. m. we were ordered to the right and rear of Cemetery Hill, in~ support of the Twelfth Corps, which was then heavily en- gaged, remaining until about 1 p. m. We were n~w ordered to the right and front of Cemetery Hill, in support of the batteries, sustain- ing a heavy fire from the enemys batteries for nearly two hours. We were then ordered to the left and rear of Cemetery Hill, where we had but just formed line of battle when we were ordered to the left, and on the right of General Hays division, of the Second Corps, where we at once formed line of battle, throwing up breastworks. In taking this position, we passed under one of the most galling fires of artillery ever witnessed. The main attack had been repulsed, but we were sorely annoyed by the enemys skirmishers and sharp Page 309 OHAP. XXXII~.j TILE GETTYSI3ITRG CA1WPAIGN. shooters, and, by order of General Robinson, I at once threw ont skirmishers to meet them. The Twelfth Massachusetts Volunteers and a detachment of the Ninetieth Pennsylvania Volunteers were ordered forward to drive them back, which was done promptly and with deserved credit to those engaged, moving steadily forward to a point where the ground slo d toward the enemy, though not with- ont considerable loss, and there holding their position. Here it becomes my duty to report one officer of this command un- favorably-Major Northrnp, commmanding the Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers, who relieved the picket about 1 oclock 6n the morning of the 4th, dropped his line back from the crest of the slope already mentioned some .15 rods (more or less) without being pressed, where I found his line just after daylight in the morning, he having left it and come in to inquire if it was not time for him to be e- lieved. I refused to relieve him until he re-established his line, which was done, but not without some work. I think it due to the men to say I do not believe they were at fault. We remained in our present position until the morning of the 5th, when it was found the enemy had disappeared, and we shortly moved out of the intrenchments to the left, where we bivouacked for the night. A list, by name, of casualties has been previously forwarded. * The brigade went into the battle of the 1st instant with a few less than 1,200, and lost, to the time of withdrawing from our last position taken, 645, the heavy loss being on the 1st instant. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. BAXTER, Brigadier-General, Commanding Brigade~ Lient. S. M. MORGAN, Acting Asst. Adjutant-General, Second Division. No. 53. Report of Cot. Charles Wheeloc , Ninety-seventh New York In fantry. , 1803. CAPTAIN: In accordance with orders from brigade headquarters, ]I would respectfully report the part takeu by the Ninety-seventh Regi- ment New York Volunteers in the battle of July 1, 2, and 3, at Get- tysburg, Pa., to wit: On the morning of July 1, at 7 a. in., we left Emmitsburg, Md., reaching Gettysburg, Pa., at 1 p. m. same day, and immediately formed line of battle north of the town, on the fiat, our line being parallel with therailroad. We soon changed our front, and took a position on the crest of the hill between the railroad and the road north. of the town, about three-quarters of a mile from the town. I im- mediately sent out Companies A and F as skirmishers, and, within 30 y.ards of~ our front, receiving the enemys fire, finding it proceeding from a stone wall and the embankment of the road, our skirmishers soon drove them from their position, but they soon returned with a full force, our skirmishers falling back to our line of battle, which * Embodied in revised statei ent, p. 174 Page 310 MO ~. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., I~UC. tOHAP. XXXIX. was a strong one. Our whole line became engaged, and the enemy fell back out of sight. Soon their second line appeared on our front. After firing several rounds, and finding them, as I thought, crippled, the order was given to charge. The Ninety-seventh New York Vol- unteers succeeded in charging over the ground without having any killed and but few wounded. We brought out as prisoners 213 officers and men of the Twentieth North Carolina Regiment, with their colors. We took more prisoners than we had men in our regi- ment at the time. Soon after returning, we made a second charge, bringing in over 80 prisoners. At this time the third line of the enemy appeared, and the force on our right flank (part of the Elev- enth Corps) giving way, and also our left flank, we fell back, as ordered, to the second line. Being hard pressed by superior num- bers, the whole brigade fell back to the third line. After keeping our line against a superior force, a heavy line of the enemy coming on our flank and almost in our rear, the whole line fell back and through the village, many being taken prisoners, myself included. I cannot give a detailed account of the second and third days, as I was not present, but learn from the officers of the regiment that they were on duty all the time, either skirmishing or supporting bat- teries. The regiment was under command of Maj. Charles Northrup after my capture. I cannot name officers and men for bravery, as I should do in- justice to others. All did their duty, and seemed to vie with each other. Lieut. Col. J. P. Spofford had his horse shot, and I conside~r~cted most bravely; in fact, all did their duty to my entire satisf~btiou. I wish to say one word outside of my regiment in regard to Gen- erals Baxter and Robinson. They were on every part of the field, encouraging and stimulating the men by their presence and bravery. * Yours, respectfully, CHARLES WHEELOCK, Colonel, Comdg. Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers. Capt. FREDERICK GUYER, A. A. A. G., Second Brig., Second Div., First Army Corps. No. 54. Report of ~Japt. Edmund 17. Patterson, Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry. NEAR RAPPAHANNOCK STATION, VA., August 22, 1863. SIR: In obedience to circular from headquarters Army of the Po- tomac, August 12, 1863, I make the following report of operations from June 28 to July 23, date of arrival at Warrenton, Va.: June 28.Having been in camp with the brigade, we received orders to march about 4 p. m.~, and about 9 p. m. halted outside of Frederick City, Md., and encamped for the night. June 29.Left camp at Frederick, and marched to Emmitsburg and encamped. * Nominal list of casualties, here omitted, embodied in revised statement. p. 174 Page 311 tIHAP. XXXIXI THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 311 June 30.Lay at Emmitsburg in camp until p. in., when the regi- liuient was ordered on picket, and remained on duty until July 1, when We were ordered, about 7 a. in., to rejoin the brigade, which was then on the march to Gettysburg. About 11 a. in., while marching along, we heard cannonading, and after marching in quick and double-quick time some 2 miles, we were drawn up in line of battle along a stone fence. We then changed our position by left flank, file left, which brought us on a slight hill, and we immediately engaged the enemy, who were advancing on us. Having expended nearly all our ammunition, we charged upon the enemy, capturing a number of prisoners and the colors of the Twenty- third North Carolina and Sixteenth Alabama Regiments. Return- ing to the line of battle, we continued to fire the few remaining car- tridges on hand until we found that the enemy were flanking us, wlien we fell back through the town, the enemy rapidly following and firing upon us. A new line of battle was formed and cartridges dis- tributed. We then tooI~ a position on the left of the hill, which was afterward the center of the line of battle, and threw up breastworks made of rails and earth. July 2.Were moved about to different parts of the battle-field, but were not engaged in musketry. July 3.At daybreak, were behind a stone wall on Cemetery Hill, behind part of the Eleventh Corps. Batteries soon became engaged, and a few of our men were wounded. About 2 p. m. the enemy opened upon us from all sides. We were then at the foot of Cemetery Hill, and were compelled to change our position for safety during the heaviest of the fire. About 6 p. m. we were run double-quick to the center, where we found hard fighting had been progressing. We immediately threw up breastworks of rails, and part of the regiment was ordered out on picket, where the enemys sharpstooters annoyed us and wounded several. July 4.Everything in our front unusually quiet. We lay all day behind the breastworks. July 5.At daybreak we found the enemy had retreated, but re-. inained behind our breastworks. July 6.Changed our position about one-half mile to the left, be- hind breastworks, and then marched to Emmitsburg, about 10 miles. July 7.Marched from Einmitsburg to Middletown. July 8.About ~ p. in. marched to South Mountain, by way of Antietam battle-field, and immediately threw up breastworks along the foot of the mountain with the rest of the brigade. July 9.Lay behind the breastworks. July 10.Left South Mountain about 9 a. in.; marched about 5 miles, formed line of battle, and threw up fortifications near Boons- borough, Md. July 11.Lay all day behind breastworks. July 12.Left bre~istworks and marched within 1 mile of Hagers- town, Md., and about 5 p. in. commenced to throw up breastworks. July 13.Lay behind breastworks. July 14.Left breastworks about ip. in., and marched to Williams- port, Md., and encamped about 1 mile from the town. July 15.Left camp near Williamsport about 5 a. in., and halted near Rohrersville. July 16.Left camp near Rohrersville, and marched to Berlin, Md. July 17.Lay in camp at Berlin, Md Page 312 312 s.c., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. July 48.Left camp near Berlin, Md.; crossed the Potomac upon a pontoon bridge, and reached Waterford. July 19.Left Waterford, and marched some 5 miles to Harmony Church, Va. July 20.Marched to Middleburg and encamped. July 21.Remained in camp. July 22.Left Middleburg about 6.30 p. m~, marched all night, and halted at White Plains, Va., three hours. July 23.Continued our march to Warrenton, Va., arriving about 5 p. ni. I append a list of killed, wounded, and missing during July 1, 2, and 3* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. Y. PATTERSON, Captain, Commanding Regiment. Lieutenant-Colonel LEECH, Commanding Brigade. No. 55. Report of Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Rowley, U. S. Army, command ing Third Division. HEADQUARTERS THIRD DIvIsIoN, FIRST ARMY CoRps, July 28,1863. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the division under my command at Gettysburg, Pa., on July 1: The command itself had devolved upon me the day previous. The division was composed of t~o brigades: The First, commanded by Col. Chapman Biddle, of the One hundred and twenty-first Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, consisted of the One hundred and twenty-first, One hundred and forty-second, and One hundred and fifty-first Penn- sylvania Volunteers, and the Twentieth New York State Militia; the Second, commanded by Col. Roy Stone, of the One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, consisted of the One hun- dred and forty-third, One hundred and forty-ninth, and One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers. On the morning of July 1, these two brigades were marched in the direction of Gettysburg from different points within 5 or 6 miles of that town, the First Brigade being detached, and directed to take the advance with a battery of four pieces. Toward 11 oclock these two portions of my division reached the battle-field from the south, and occupied the several positions as- signed them on the rigbt and left of the Lutheran Theological Sem- inary, at the distance of a half mile or more to the west of it. The brigades were separated then by an interval of from 150 to 200 yards. That portion of the field on which the troops of the Third Division were engaged was undulating, here ai~d there covered with grain, and a small woods extended across it in a westerly direction, nearly dividing the ~ground into two equal parts. The First Brigade occu- pied the southern half, and, facing west, formed on the ground Embodied in revised statement, p. 124 Page 313 L~RAP. XXXIX.) ~E GKt~TTY~BTJRG cAMPAIGIN~ 3i~ chosen by our late distinguished corps commander, Major-General Reynolds, to whose skillful selection of the position much of the ultimate success of our army may be attributed. The Second Bri- gade, facing in the same direction as the First, threw forward its skirmishers, as did also the First, to cover the general line. During the day the whole division was exposed to a severe direct and enfilading fire, the Second Brigade in the earlier part of the en- gagement being the principal object of attack. A determined effort of the enemy later to turn my right flank was met by an immediate change of front and so destructive a fire from the Second Brigade that the advancing lines of the rebels, though well covered by artil- tery, were compelled to fall back with broken ranks to a shelter where they could be reformed. Colonel Stone having been severely wounded, the command of the Second Brigade was then assumed by Colonel Wister, who, in the repulse of a renewed effort of the enemy, was also disabled, when the command devolved upon Colonel Dana, of the One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers. The position selected by Gen- eral Reynolds had been steadily and determinedly maintained until nearly 4 oclock in the afternoon against very greatly superior num- bers of the enemy, in order that the other corps of our army, then on the march, might be enabled to reach and occupy the ground selected for future operations. A general advance of the enemys infantry was now made in two very strong lines, the right of which greatly outflanked the First Brigade, at that time consisting only of three small regiments, num- bering together not over 830 men and officers, the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment having been previously detached from that brigade to support the part of our line on the right of the woods. When the enemy were first observed advancing on their extreme right, they issued from a piece of woods extending north and south, a mile distant from the First Brigade, the brigade being then faced to the north, and almost at right angles with its original posi- tion. A change of front of this part of the division was ordered and executed under a heavy fire. After the change, the One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers and Twentieth New York State Militia were on the right and center of the brigade, and the One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers on the left, with the battery between the One hundred and forty-second and Twentieth New York State Militia. Notwithstanding the murderous fire with which the enemy were re- ceived by my left, the disparity between the contending forces was too great to render it possible for our line to hold its position. The First Brigade gradually fell back, firing, until it reached a cover of rails hastily thrown up by some of the other troops in front of the seminary. Here it remained, together with some men of the First Division, fighting desperately and until time was afforded to most of our other troops, to the artillery, and to the ambulances to withdraw in an orderly manner from the town in the direction of the cemetery, and until the advancing lines of the enemy were gaifling our flanks. At the breastworks, Colonel Biddle, commanding the First Brigade, wa~ wounded iii the head by a shot, but he still remained on the field, and retired with his command and reformed it on arriving in the rear of Cemetery Hill, behind which Colonel Dana, with the Second Bri- gade, with reformed lines, was also again in readiness for service~ The Second Brigade on first falling back halted in a peach orchard Page 314 314 VA W vA Mb PA ~ [CHAP. XXXIX. where it renewed its fire, giving time for the removal of a battery which had been established there. The general good conduct of the division renders it difficult to par- ticularize individual acts of gallantry. I take pleasure in calling to the notice of the commanding general Col. Chapman Biddle, commanding First Brigade, and Colonel Dana, commanding Second Brigade, and also the following officers, recom- mended by brigade commanders: Colonel Gates~ Twentieth New York State Militia; Lieutenant-Colonel McFarland, commanding One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers (severely wounded); Lieutenant-Colonel McCalmont, of the One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers; Maj. Alexander Biddle, One hundred and Twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers; Major Musser, One hun- dred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers; Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight, Captains Irvin and Glenn, One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Colonel Wister and Lieutenant-Colonel Huidekoper, One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Major Chamberlain, One hundred and forty-iiintl~Pennsylvan~a Vol- unteers,* and Adjutant Ashurst, One hundred and fiftieth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, as being distinguished for bravery. The mem- bers of the Second Brigade staff are likewise favorably noticed. I would also call to the notice of the commanding general Lieut. William L. Wilson (slightly wounded), acting assistant adjutant-gen- eral; Captain Flagg, assistant inspector-general (killed on July 3), and Lieutenant Moore, One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, aide-de-camp (all acting on staff July 1), for gallant con- duct. The death of Colonel Cummins, One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, a brave and efficient officer, has occasioned feelings of regret throughout the command. An official list of killed, wounded, and missing has already been returned to headquarters. I Yours, & c., THOMAS A. ROWLEY, Brig. Gem., Comdg. Third Div., First Corps, Army of Potomac. Lieutenant-Colonel KINGSBURY Assistant Adjutant-General, First Army Corps. No. 56. Reports of Cot. Chapman Diddle, One hundred and twenty-first Penn sylvania Infantry, commanding regiment and First Brigade. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., THIRD Div., FIRST ARMY CORPS, In the Field, near Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to submit, for the information of the general commanding the division, the following sketch of the operations of the brigade in the action of Wednesday, the 1st instant, near Gettysburg, Pa.: Early in the morning of the 1st, I was directed to move with the brigade and a battery of four pieces of artillery about lj miles in * One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers. t Embodied in revised statement, p. 174 Page 315 OHAP. XXXIXI VtIP~ cf~rnts1wuG cAMPAtcf~. 31~i advance of the other divisions of the corps toward Gettysburg, where it was supposed the enemy were in considerable force. The route taken by the brigade brought us, about 11 a. in., to within 1 mile of the town, in a westerly direction from it. The heavy firing then heard indicated that a portion of our forces were engaged with the enemy. The brigade was accordingly pushed forward and formed in line as soon as possible on the extreme left, in a field one-third of a mile in front of the seminary and facing west. The battery was also placed in position, and its fire directed toward the northwest, on the left of a piece of woods in which the First Division of the corps was then en- gaged with the enemy. In front of our line, and at the distance of three-quarters of a mile or more, were woods running nearly parallel with it, and between these woods and our line and toward our left were a brick house and a large stone barn. The barn affording cover to the enemys sharpshooters, who were then skirmishing in front of us, a company of skirmishers was sent from the Twentieth New York Regiment for the purpose of protecting the battery. The position of the brigade was varied two or three times in order to shelter the men from the heavy artillery fire of the enemy, which at one time enfiladed them from the north. During the morning, rebel infantry were observed on the edge of the woods first referred to, and between 2 and 3p.m. a large body of them, amounting to a division or more, advanced in two lines toward us. Of the four small regiments con- stituting the brigade, one (One hundred and fifty-first) had bee~i pre- viously detached to support a portion of the corps to our right and rear. The remaining three were drawn up in the following order: The One hundred and forty-second on the right, Twentieth New York in the center, and the One hundred and twenty-first on the left, the bat- tery occupying a space between the One hundred and forty-second and the Twentieth. Notwithstanding the great disparity of the~contend- ing forces, and the left of our line being outflanked by at least one and probably two regiments, and the enemys fire, direct and oblique, being very severe, the men of the brigade continued to hold their position for some time, until, being without afly support, they were compelled about 4 p. m. to retire to a cover on the edge of the town, immediately in front of the seminary. Here they remained, doing good service, checking the farther advance of the enemy, till the batteries and many of the troops in the town had withdrawn in the direction of Belleview Cemetery, when they retired to that point. The total number of officers and men who went into the action was 1,287; out of this, 440 were either killed ox~ wounded, and 457 are missing,* leaving as the present effective force only 390 officers and men. As during the greater part of the time the general witnessed the behavior of the troops, it might seem scarcely necessary to make any reference to it, but I would be doing injustice to the officers and men were I not to say that their gallant conduct was even more than could have been expected from men under the trying circumstances of their situation, and in this opinion I think he will heartily concur. I respectfully refer to the list (herewith sent) of those who are re- ported by their regimental commanders as having particularly distin- guished themselves. It gives me pleasure to make mention of the excellent conduct of Colonel Gates, of the Twentieth New York; Lieutenant-Colonel * But see revised statement, p. A74 Page 316 316 ~. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXt~. MeCalmont, of the One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, and of Major Biddle, commanding the One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers. I desire also to call attention to the valuable services rendered me by Captain Warren (One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers), acting brigade inspector, and Lieut. T. M. Hall (One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers), acting assistant adjutant-general, during the action. I regret to add that Lieutenant-Colonel McFarland (One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers) was badly wounded while faithfully discharging his duties. The death of Colonel Cummins, of the One hundred and forty-second [Pennsylvania], a brave and efficient officer, has occasioned feelings of deep regret throughout the command. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAPMAN BIDDLE, Colonel 121st Pennsylvania Volunteers, Coiudg. Brigade. Lient. W. L. WILSON Acty. Asst. Ac0t. Gen., Third Div., First Army Corps. HEADQUARTERS 121ST PENNSYLVANIA VOL. REGT., Near Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 1863. LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report that the command of the First Brigade, which had devolved upon me on the night of June 30 and during July 1, was resumed on the 2d instant by General Row- ley. The report of the operations of the brigade on the first days fight has already been furnished, including that of the One hundred and twenty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. I have now to add a few words in reference to the part taken by the regiment on the 2d and 3d instant. On the morning of the 2d, the regiment was moved into a field to the south of and near the cemetery, and placed under cover of a stone wall by the roadside, where it remained during the forenoon. Toward 12 m. it was exposed to a severe shelling, which reached it from both the front and the rear during a sharp attack made by the enemy on our extreme right. The peculiar shape of the general line of battle, resembling somewhat a flattened horseshoe, will account for this ef- fect. In the afternoon the fire slackened, when the regiment was moved behind a wall on the other side of the road, in which position its defenses were reached by the enemys musketry. The attack on this part of our line ceasec? toward evening, when the regiment changed its position to a field in front, and subsequently to the road, where the night was passed. On the morning of the 3d, the regiment was moved to the ieft, to a field nearly opposite to our left center, where it remained during the morning, exposed somewhat to the enemys fire. Toward 1 p. m. a violent cannonading from a very large number of pieces of artillery was concentrated on our position, which continued for upward of two hours and a half without intermission, destroying much of the breast- work sheltering the men, and wounding 3 of them. During the hot- test part of this fire the regiment was moved in good order to an adjoining field to the left, and placed behind a breastwork of rails near the crest of a hill, where it remained throughout the attack on the center. This attack, of a most determined character, was finally and successfully repulsed toward sundown by the troops in the first line Page 317 cHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 317 supported by our artillery. The steadiness of the men during the fury of the unparalleled artillery fire of the enemy cannot be too highly commended, and to it in some measure may be attributed the brilliant results of this days operations. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAPMAN BIDDLE, Colonel One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Vols. Lieutenant WILSON, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 57. Reports of Cot. Theodore B. Gates, Eightieth New York Infantry (Twentieth Miilitia). HDQRS. TWENTIETH REGT. NEW YORK STATE MILITIA, In Field, near Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the recent operations of this command: My regiment joined the brigade near Emmitsburg on the after- noon of the 30th ultimo, and on the following morning at 8 oclock I marched with the brigade and reached a position near the enemy, about 1-~ miles west of Gettysburg, where the brigade was imme- diately formed in line of battle, faced due north, my battalion hold- ing the left. The brigade was soon afterward moved by the right flank some half a mile to the southeast, and a new line of battle formed, faced to the west. In this position the brigade advanced through the open fields into a valley and to the edge of a piece of woods, where for a time the fire of the enemys musketry and artil- lery was quite heavy. We were shortly after ordered to retire over the crest of the hill in the cleared field, where the men were some- what protected. When in this position, I was ordered to advance a company of skirmishers to a brick house and stone barn opposite our left flank and some eighth of a- mile in front, just across the valley before referred to. I detached Captain Baldwin, Company K, for this duty. About 1 p. m. we moved by the left flank into the Gettysburg road, when this regiment and the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers formed line of battle, faced to the north, the other two regiments of the brigade being drawn up in line in front. During this change of front, the artillery fire of the eneuiy was severe. At 2.30 p. m. the lines were advanced across the fields and front changed to the left until we resumed the third position of the fore- noon. This movement was made under a warm artillery fire. The enemy soon afterward advanced two very strong lines of infantry, ajid, driving in our skirmishers (I had some time before, at the re- quest of Captain Baldwin and by permission of Colonel Biddle, re- enforced Captain Baldwin with Company G, Captain Cunningham), moved rapidly on our lines. Their line extended the front of two regiments beyond our left flank, completely enfilading our line, and pouring a terrible fire into our front and left flank. We held the position until the artillery was removed, and then fell back slowly behind a barricade of rails, some eighth of a mile in our rear and in front of Gettysburg College, the enemy following rapidly in great force. Here the men were rallied and formed behind the bar Page 318 318 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. ricade, and checked the enemys advance, and finally compelled him to retire. He soon advanced again, however, and prolonged his line to our left, again tnrned our flank, and compelled us to retire. We fell back through Gettysburg to the high ground south of the town, and formed along the road west of the cemetery, where we were re- lieved at about 11 oclock this a. m. In retiring from the barricade, and until we had reached the interior of the city, we were under the fire of the enemys infantry upon our rear and both flanks. I cannot speak in too high terms of the conduct of the officers anl men under my command. It would be unjust to attempt any di~ crimination when all did their duty so well. My loss in this action was very heavy, as you will perceive frorx~ the report made to you last evening. * I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully. THEODORE B. GATES, Colonel, Commanding. Colonel BIDDLE, Corndg. First Brig., Third Div., First Army Corps. HDQRS. TWENTIETH REGT. NEW YORK STATE MILITIA, Near Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my regiment and the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, under Captain Owens, in the battle of the 3d instant at this place: These two regiments had been thrown forward on the afternoon of the 2d as a part of the support of the troops at that time engaged on the left of our line, and when the fighting ceased they were assigned to the front line, a little to the left of the center of our line of battle. The two regiments were pnt in position behind a rail fence, which they converted into a barricade that afforded some seenrity against the enemys sharpshooters, and proved of especial service the next day during the artillery and musketry fire. The two regiments were posted with the Twentieth New York State Militia on the right. We occupied this line during the night. Nothing of particular note occurred until 12.30 p. m. of the 3d, when the enemy opened from his right-center battery, wbich was soon followed by all his guns on his right and center, and the posi- tion occupied by my command was swept by a tempest of shot and shell, which continued for nearly three hours, and surpassed, in rapid- ity of firing and in the number of guns employed, anything I had before witnessed during the war. As the cannonading subsided, the enemys infantry began to debouch from the orchard and woods on his ri~,ht center, and moved in line of battle across the open fields between my position and the highway from Gettysburg to Emmits- burg. His troops were formed in two lines, the second line, how- ever, not covering the left battalion of the first. They advanced rapidly, firing as they came, our skirmishers falling back before them. My men opened upon them when they reached the farther edge of the valley in front of us, and the first line immediately flanked to the left and moved rapidly in the new direction. As the second line received our fire, it began to oblique to the left, and finally closed its left upon the right of the first line, when all flanked to the * Embodied in revised statement, p. 174 Page 319 CHAP. XXXIX.] TUE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 319 right and moved forward in one line of battle, firing rapidly. Per- ceiving that the design was to break throngh onr left center, and gain the heights and batteries covering them, between the road sweeping around the left of the cemetery aud the open fields between the ene. mys line and ours, I moved my command by the right flank toward our center, corresponding with the enemys movements, and pouring a continuous fire into his ranks as we advanced. The enemy came forward with nnusual determination, and, although his ranks were momentarily thinned, he continued to advance until he reached the fence at the foot of the hill immediately beneath our left-center bat- tery, this affording him considerable protection, and he threw some of his force over the fence and into the slashing on the hillside made to clear the range for our guns. The contest for the possession of this hillside and fence was especially obstinate, and for a considerable time the chances of success appeared to favor first one side and then theother. Each seemed to appreciate the fact that the possessfon of the heights was all-important, and each fought with the utmost des- peration. The men were now within quarter pistol range, and the fence and fallen trees gave the enemy considerable cover. I then ordered an advance, and the two regiments pushed briskly through the slashing to the fence, cheering as they went, and the enemy broke and hastily retreated in great disorder, while we poured into their broken line a heavy and continuous fire. This concluded the fighting at this point, and left us in undisputed possession of the contested ground. We took a large number of prisoners, and the ground in front was strewn with the dead and wounded of the enemy. It may not be improper to remark that during this almost hand-to- hand contest the enemys batteries played upon friend and foe alike, doing quite as much damage in their own ranks as in ours. Both regiments behaved with great gallantry, and I believe I do them but simple justice when I attest that to their persistent efforts the Army of the Potomac owes very much of its success of the day. I learned from prisoners that the troops engaged with us were Pick- etts division, of Longstreets corps, and more than six times outnum- bered my command. Among the killed and wounded in my immediate front was one colonel and several line officers. Two colors were left upon the ground by the enemy, and were picked up by some troops who came upon the field from our right after the fighting was over. The lists of killed and wounded will be speedily submitted. ~ I am, yours, & c., THEODORE B. GATES, Brigadier-General ROWLEY, Colonel, Commanding. Gommanding Brigade. IIDQRS. TWENTIETH NEW YORK STATE MILITIA, Brandy Station, Va., January 30, 1864. GENERAL: I beg leave to submit the following condensed retort of the moveihents and operations of my command during the three days battle at Gettysburg: Marched with brigade at 8 a. in., July 1, and between 10 and 11 *Seep 174 Page 320 820 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. oclock that morning encountered the enemys skirniishers 1-~ miles west of Gettysburg, Pa. Line of battle by brigade was imme- diately formed in the Hagerstown road, my regiment on the left, and the brigade advanced 200 or 300 yards, where it was faced by the right flank and moved through the fields, toward Gettysburg, cross- ing Willoughbys Run between the road and a house and outbuild- ings, around which our dismounted cavalry were skirmishing. Reaching the low ground between the seminary and the first ridge west of it, the brigade filed to the left and took position in line of battle on the easterly slope of the ridge and nearly opposite the semi- nary, facing west. Remaining here a few minutes only, we moved forward over the ridge and down into the ravine through which Willoughbys Run flows, the right of the brigade passing near the grove where General Reynolds fell. Here we first received the enemys infantry fire, but did not reply to it, and were shortly moved back on to the ridge, all the regiments of the brigade passing Over and taking cover under the ridge save mine, which was ordered to halt on the crest, and was faced toward the enemy; but an occasional shot reached us in the position. Having remained here some twenty minutes, I was ordered to throw out a company of skirmishers to occupy the house and build- ings already spoken of, and now on our left and some 30 rods in advance of us. Captain Baldwin, Company K, was detailed for that duty, and soon gained possession of the buildings. Some two hours afterward he sent me word that he was se-verely pressed, and asked for re-enforcements. I detached to his aid Cap- tain Cunningham, Company G. These two companies held these buildings until the enemy actually surrounded them on three sides, and had fired the outbuildings and attempted to fire the house, when, to avoid being captured, the men were withdrawn, and, moving through the ravine southerly, and covere(l in a measure by a small party of our cavalry, they escaped and rejoined the regiment that evening on Cemetery Hill. The regiment was soon afterward moved back into the brigade line. About 2 p. m. the enemy opened an enfilading fire upon us with two or three Rodman guns planted upon an elevation a mile or more to our right, and upon what seemed to be the shoulder of the ridge under which we were then lying. The brigade was then ordered up, and moved by the left flank partly across the Hagerstown road, when it was halted, and after some ten minutes, during which the enemy obtained .a very accurate range of us, the brigade was posted in the road, faced to the north, and partially covered by the fence and bank at the roadside. Some thirty minutes afterward the brigade was formed in two lines, Colonel Biddle, of the One hundred and forty-second Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, commanding the first line, and Colonel Gates, of the Twentieth New York State Militia, commanding the second. In this formation the brigade moved across the field at the foot of and parallel with the ridge until we reached a point opposite the semi- nary, when they changed direction to the left, and while the first line moved toward and nearly opposite the woods where General Reynolds fell, the second moved up to the top of the ridge to supbort a bat- tery. The enemy were now advancing toward our position in line of battle, and the infantry fire became Tery severe. The battery was compelled to retire after firing a few rounds, and, finding that our line was rapidly retiring on my right, and the enemy were IUQV Page 321 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN~ 321 ing down the Hagerstown road on my left, to cut me off from Get- tysburg, I gave the order to fall back, and the troops slowly retired in the direction of the seminary, fighting so obstinately as they moved off that the enemys pursuit was cautious and tardy. Reaching the barricade near the seminary, the two regiments were immediately formed in rear of it and on the left of the other regi- ments of the brigade. The enemy advanced in heavy lines across the field in front, and when they got within short range, we opened on them with such effect that they retired over the ridge. They soon, however, advanced again in greater force, the right of their lines ex- tending across the Hagerstown road and sweeping entirely around our left. The fighting for some time was most desperate. Colonel Biddle received a wound in the head, and turned over the command of the brigade to Colonel Gates, whose horse was shot under him five times during this brief contest. Colonel Biddle (who but temporarily left the field), after consultation with Colonel Gates, ordered a retreat. At this time nearly, if not quite, all our troops were in full retreat upon Gettysburg, and our brigade was exposed to a murderous fire in front and on both flanks. It was impossible to hold the position longer without sacrificing the brigade. The troops moved off in tolerable order, passing the seminary and taking the railroad into Gettysburg. The Twentieth New York State Militia marched in rear of the brigade, covering the movement, which was executed under heavy fire. Reaching Cemetery Hill, the brigade was posted in line along the Taneytown road, where it remained until 11 a. m. the next day, when it was relieved. About 5 p. m. on July 2, the brigade was ordered to the left center, to support the Second Corps, which had been advanced to the relief of the Third. Two regiments only of the brigadethe Twentieth New York State Militia and the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, the latter under command of Captain Owens reached the front line, where they were halted on the last and lowest of the ridges running nearly north and south between the Taneytown and Emmitsburg roads. Some 300 yards on our right was a bluff, on which were standing a few trees and a battery. The trees on the westerly face of the bluff had been felled to clear a range for the guns. A rail fence stood at the foot of the bluff and extended along the ridge southerly. A little in advance and to our left was a small grove. The ground in front descended gradually to a little valley, wet and marshy, and then by a corresponding ascent reached the Emmitsburg road and the position occupied by the enemy. Some 300 yards in rear of me was a ridge, running parallel to the one I was on, but much higher. On my right was one regiment of Stannards brigade; on my left two others, and one in rear and partly to my left. Receiving no orders, and finding myself the senior officer of the brigade present, I assumed command of the two regiments, and in the course of the evening constructed a breastwork of the fence heretofore mentioned and of such other material as could be procured. About 5 a. m. on the 3d, the enemy opened with artillery, and for some time kept up a brisk fire upon our position. This finally ceased, and until about 1 p. m. no further firing took place on this part of the line. During this interval, the Vermont troops threw up a breastwork to my left and about 100 feet in advance of my line, masked by the small grove before mentioned. The regiment of that brigade ~ 4 J~ 1~yQT~ XXVII, PT Page 322 322 ~. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. right took position in rear of this new work, leaving open the space between my right and the bluff, on which was the nearest battery. At 1 oclock the enemy opened from.his right-center battery, which was soon followed by all his guns on his right and center, and the position occupied by my command was swept by a tempest of shot and shell from upward of one hundred guns for nearly three hours. When the cannonading subsided, the enemys infantry debouched from the orchard and woods on his right center, and moved in two lines of battle across the fields toward the position I have described. Our skirmishers (from the Vermont brigade) fell back before them, and sought cover behind the breastworks on my left. The enemy came forward rapidly, and began firing as soon as they were within range of our men. When they had approached within about 200 feet of the bottom of the valley heretofore mentioned, the troops of my com- mand opened a warm fire upon them. Almost immediately the fii~st line faced by the left flank, and moved at a double-quick up the valley and toward Gettysburg. The second line followed the movement. Reaching a position opposite the bluff, they faced to the right, and moved forward rapidly in line of battle. Perceiving that their pur- pose was to gain the bluff, I moved my command by the right ffank up to the foot of the bluff, delivering our fire as we marched, and keeping between the enemy and the object of his enterprise. He succeeded in reaching the fence at the foot of the bluff, but with ranks broken and his men evidently disheartened. Some succeeded in getting over the fence into the slashing, from which and behind the fence they kept up a murderous fire. The men were now within quarter pistol-range, and, as the fence and fallen trees gave the en- emy considerable cover, I ordered the Twentieth New York State Militia and the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers to advance to the fence, which they did, cheering, and in gallant style, and poured a volley into the enemy at very short range, who now completely broke, and those who did not seek to escape by flight threw down their arms. Very few of those who fled reached their own lines. Many turned after having run several rods and surren- dered themselves. We took a large number of prisoners, and the ground in front of us was strewn with their dead and wounded. During the latter part of this struggle, and after it ceased, the enemys batteries played upon friend and foe alike. The troops en- gaged with us were Picketts division, of Longstreets Corps. Among the killed and wounded in my immediate front was Colonel [J. G.] Hodges, Fourteenth Virginia, and several line officers. Two colors were left upon the ground by the enemy. Thus terminated the final and main attack upon our left center. It was now nearly 6 p. in., and my command was relieved by a portion of the Second Corps, and withdrawn to the Taneytown road, where it remained through the night. It will thus be perceived that the two regiments I had the honor to command were either actually engaged with the enemy or occupying a position in the front line from the beginning of the battle on the morning of July 1 until its close on the evening of the 3d, excepting only about six hours on the 2d. I went into action on the 1st with 28 officers and 259 men. I lost during the three days 3 officers killed, 15 wounded, and 1 taken pris- oner; enlisted men, 32 killed, 96 wounded, and 23 taken prisoners. Total, 170. My loss in killed and wounded was two-thirds of my Qfficera and half of my men Page 323 CHAr. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 323 I liave no report of the casualties in tlie One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers. They behaved with the utmost gallantry, and their loss was very severe. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THEODORE B. GATES, Colonel, Commanding. A. DOUBLEDAY, iVilajor-General of Volunteers. No. 58. Reports of Lieut. Col. Alexander Biddle, One hundred and twenty- first Pennsylvania Infantry. BIVOUAC IN THE FIELD, 2 hursday, July 2, 1863. COLONEL: The One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volun- teer Regiment, under my command, marched from W. R. Whites house, in Freedom Township, yesterday morning, Wednesday, July 1. On arriving at the top of the hill bordering the valley in which Gettysburg lies, we were marched into a field on the left of a wood, through which we saw the First Division driving the enemy. We remained in this field, exposed at all times to an enfilading or direct fire, sometimes facing northwardly and sometimes westwardly, as the attack of the enemy varied. A large body of the enemys troops had been seen to the west of our position throughout the day. While we were taking up a position facing to the north, to support a battery at the corner of a wood, the troops were seen advancing. We were ordered to form to meet them, and changed front to effect it. As the proper position assigned to the One hundred and twenty-first Regi- ment was immediately in front of the battery, we were moved to the extreme left, with the Twentieth New York on our right. I saw the line of The enemy slowly approaching up the hill, extending far beyond our left flank, for which we had no defense. As the enemys faces appeared over the crest of the hill, we fired effectually into them, and, soon after, received a crushing fire from their right, under which our ranks were broken and became massed together as we en- deavored to change front to the left to meet them. The immediate attack on our front was destroyed by our first fire. The officers made every possible effort to form their men, and Captains Ashworth and Sterling and Lieutenants Ruth and. Funk were all wounded. The regiment, broken and scattered, retreated to the wood around the hospital and maintained a scattering fire. Here, with the broken remnants of other regiments, they defended the fence of the hospital grounds with great determination. Finding the enemy were moving out on our left flank, with the intention of closing in on the only opening into the barricade, I reported the fact to the division com- mander, and by his directions returned to the fence barricade. The rebels, advancing on our left flank, soon turned the position, and our regimental colors, with the few men left with them, moved out of the hospital grounds through the town to our present position, where we now have almost exactly one-fourth of our force and one commis- sioned officer besides myself Page 324 324 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. I beg particularly to call attention to the meritorious Conduct of Sergeant [William] Hardy, color-bearer, who carried off the regi- mental colors, the staff shot to pieces in his hands; also to the gal- lantry of Captain Ashworth and Lieutenant Ruth, both wounded; also to Lieutenants Funk and Dorr and Captain Sterling. Acting Sergeant-Major [Henry lvii.] Cowpland, Sergeant [Henry H.] Herpst, in command of Company A, and Sergeant [Charles] Winkworth, are all deserving of high commendation; also Corporal [John M.] Biugham, of Company A. The constant changes of position which the regiment was ordered to make, and the seeming uncertainty of which way we were to expect an attack, or what position we were to defend, was exceedingly try- ing to the discipline of the regiment. Their conduct was, in my opinion, far beyond praise. I also wish to call attention to those whom the men speak of as deserving of high commendationSergeants [Robert F.] Bates, [William A.] McCoy, [Joshua L.] Childs (wounded, who insisted on remaining with his company), [John] MeTaggart, James Allen, and Charles Barlow, Corporals Daniel H. Weikel and [Edward D.] Knight, and Privates T. B. H. McPherson and William Branson. Respectfully submitted. A. BIDDLE, Major 121st Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment. [Col. CHAPMAN BIDDLE, Comdg. First Brig., Third Div., First Army Corps.] CAMP AT RAPPAITANNOCK STATION, VA., August 20, 1863. LIEUTENANT: In obedience to orders requiring a report of the move- ment of this command from June 28 to the time of its arrival at War- renton, I respectfully submit the following statement, in addition to the report already presented of its action on July 1, 2, and 3, on the battle-field of Gettysburg, viz: July 4.Remained in position under arms on the battle-field of Gettysburg. July 5.Encamped on a slight elevation near by, to avoid the ground, saturated by an exceedingly heavy rain. July 6.-Marched to near Emmitsburg, and encamped northeast of the town. July 7.Marched toward Middletown, and encamped, after cross- ing a range of hills, about 5 miles from the town. July 8.Marched through South Mountain Pass, and bivouacked in position on its western side. July 9.Marched to near Boonsborongh, on Beaver Dam Creek. July 10.Changed position, and constructed a slight breastwork to cover the right flank of the army. July 11.Remained in position. July 12.Marched through Fnnkstown, crossed the Antietam, and came under the fire of the enemys skirmishers. Formed line of battle, and threw up timber and earth defenses. July 13.Same position. July 14.Moved toward Williamsport, and encamped; no opposb tion Page 325 CHAP. XXXIX] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGY. 325 July 15.Retraced our previous days march, and thence through Keedysville to foot of South Mountain, near Cramptons Gap and farm. July 16.Crossed the mountain, and marched through Burkitts- yule to a point near Petersville and Berlin, and encamped. July 17.In camp. July 18.Marched through Berlin across Potomac to near Water- ford. July 19.Marched through Hamilton (Harmony), and encamped. July 20.Marched to Middleburg. July 21.Remained in camp. July 22.At 5.30 p. in., marched, escorting train to White Plains. July 23.Marched to Warrenton. The above concludes the movements of the regiment since the battle of Gettysburg, in which it lost two-thirds of its strength. June 28.The regiment marched from Middletown to Frederick, Md. June 29.The regiment marched to Emmitsburg. June 30.Moved forward about 5 miles, and was sent forward to r icket east and west from Marsh to Middle Creek, the center of the me being the cross-roads near to Ross Whites house, where the Millerstown (Fairfield and Bull Frog) road and Gettysburg road in- tersect each other. There is no incident of moment to mention that I am aware of. Respectfully submitted. ALEXANDER BIDDLE, Lieutenant-Colonel, Comdg. 121st Penn. Vol. Regt. Lient. W. L. WILsoN Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 59. Report of Lient. Gol. Alfred B. McUabnont, One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Infantry. NEAR GETTYSBURG, PA., July 4, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the par- ticipation of this regiment in the battle of Gettysburg after the close of the operations of July 1: On the night of the 1st, the men under my command, numbering 80 for duty, lay on their arms in the rear of batteries at the ceme- tery, and under orders to support them in the event of an attack. We remained in the same position until the evening of the 2d, when, with the regiment of Colonel Biddle (One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers), we were required to remove to the oppo- site side of the road. The men lay on their arms during the night but a few rods from their previous resting-place. Early in the forenoon of the 3d, my command was formed in line with the One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers on the western side of the road, about 50 rods to the left of the former position. About 2 p. in. the enemy opened a very severe artillery fire on our front an~ along the whole line. This was followed by Page 326 326 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CIKAP. XXXIX. general advance of their infantry. When the latter movement took place, my regiment, with the approval of General Rowley, was ad- vanced to a rude breastwork of rails or the right pf the Second Bri- gade. Another line of our forces lay in trout of us. The advance of the enemy at this point was met so proniptly and gallantly by the troops in the first line, that the men of my command had neither oc- casion nor oppzwtunity to do more than fire an occasional shot at a few sharpshooters, who, from covered positions, were trying to pick off the artillerymen in a battery immediately in our rear. The at- tacking column was completly destroyed or captured, without having materially disturbed the line of our for.ces in front of this position, and without having made it necessary for the second line, in which we were placed, to participate in the fight. We remained in the same ~po~ition until 9 p. in., when we were relieved by other troops, and the regiment was withdrawn to a point near the road to rest during the night. Although my small command was exposed, in common with the rest of the brigade, to a severe artillery fire during the afternoou of the 3d, in addition to an occasional fire of less intensity during ~he whole of the previous day, we have no serious casualties to report. Two men only were slightly wounded by the explosion of a shell on the afternoon of the 3d. The fall of Capt. C. II. Flagg, of this regiment, who was a mem- ber of General Rowleys staff, and who was killed by a shell on the evening of the 3d, does not come properly within the scope of this report; but I cannot refrain from saying that his loss is deeply de- plored by the company which he had long ably led, and by all others who knew him. While it is true that my remnant of a regiment had but little part in the great results of July 2 and 3, I am glad to say that the offi- cers and men exhibited commendable firmness, and were ready cheer- fully to undergo greater trials than fell to their lot. With great respect, I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, ALFRED B. MoCALMONT, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Lieut. W. L. WILsoN, A. A. A. G., First Brig., Third Div., First Corps. No. 60. Report of Lieut. Cot. George F. McFarland, One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Infantry. MOALISTERVILLE, JUNIATA COUNTY, PA., .lVliarch 15, 1864. GENERAL: On the morning of July 1, 1863, at 8 a. in., the One hundred and fifty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, under my command, moved from its bivouac on George Spanglers farm, about 6 miles from Emmitsburg, Md., and the same distance from Gettysburg, Pa. The First Brigade, Third Division, First Army Corps, to which it belonged, taking a northeasterly course, crossed Marsh Creek and marched up the left bank of a small stream (Wil- loughbys Run), debouching about a mile southwest of Gettysburg o Page 327 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GEIITSBURG CAMPAIG~W. S27 the Hagerstown road, where it formed in line of battle, at 10.30 a. in., on the left flank of the First Corps. The One hnndred and fifty-first Pennsylvania, being on the left of the brigade; formed the extreme left of the corps. Our arrival at this point was greeted by the booming of cannon, Bufords cavalry, dismounted, with some artillery having engaged the enemythe advance of Penders division of A. P. Hills corps a short time previous. Without delay the brigade advanced ob- liquely to the right, over a small open hollow, to the edge of a ridge west of the Theological Seminary. Here, by the order of General Rowley, knapsacks were unslung, after which we advanced to the top of the ridge. About the same time, General Reynolds having been killed, General Doubleday, our division commander, took com- mand of the corps, General Rowley of the division, and Colonel Biddle, of the One hundred and twenty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, of the brigade. All firing now ceased for perhaps an hour, when, about noon, the enemy opened on our right. As this was a flank fire, we were soon ordered back into the hollow. Here, guarding the batteries, we were subject to a constant fire of shot and shell for two hours and a half, frequently changing our position. About 2 p. m. the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Vol- unteers was detached from the brigade by General Rowley, and or- dered to take a position behind a fence running along the south end of the seminary grove. Shortly after this it occupied a temporary breastwork made of rails, stumps, & c., by the Second Brigade, Second Division, through the west edge of the grove, and parallel with the seminary. By this time a line of battle was forming in our front, which soon after advanced to the ridge west of the seminary, occupied earlier in the day. In this line there was a gap or interval left immediately in our front between the balance of our own brigade and General Mere- diths brigade, o1~ the First Division, on the right. Into this interval th& One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers was ordered by General Rowley in person, and, crossing the breastwork behind which it lay, it advanced and closed the interval. The position of the regiment was now such that a little more than one-half of its left wing extended beyond the strip of woods on the ridge directly west of the seminary. The enemy greeted me with a volley which brought several of my men down, ere I had halted in position. Having pre- viously cautioned the men against excitement and firing at random, and the enemy being partly concealed, in the woods on lower ground than we occupied, I did not order them to fire a regular volley, but each man to fire as he saw an enemy on which to take a steady aim. This was strictly observed, and during the next hours terrific fight- ing many of the enemy were brought low. I know not how men could have fought more desperately, exhibited more coolness, or contested the field with more determined courage than did those of the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Vol- nuteers on that ever-memorable day. But. the fire of the enemy, at least two to one, was very severe and destructive, and my gallant officers and men fell thick and fast. This was especially true after he, while moving to outflank the forces on my left, suffered very heavily from our deliberate oblique fire; for exasperated, no doubt, by this, his fire was cnow concentrated upon us. Notwithstanding this, the regiment held its ground and maintained the unequal contes Page 328 328 N. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. (cHAP. XXXII. until the forces both on my right and left had fallen back and gained a considerable distance to the rear. Then, finding that I was entirely unsupported, exposed to a rapidly increasing fire in front, and in danger of being snrrounded, I ordered the regiment to fall back, which it did in good order, to the temporary breastwork from which it had advanced, the enemy following closely, bnt cautiously. Here I halted, with fragments of Merediths brigade on my right and portions of the Twentieth New York State Militia, One hundred and twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and One hundred and forty- second Pennsylvania Volunteers, on my left. An unknown monnted officer brought me the flag of this latter regiment to know whether it was mine. The colonel having already fallen, I ordered it to be placed on my left, and portions of the regiment rallied around it and fonght bravely. We now quickly checked the advance of the enemy. In fact, hav- ing the advantage of breastworks and woods, our fire was so destruc- tive that the enemys lines in front were broken, and his first attempt to flank us greeted with such an accurate oblique fire that it failed. But in a second attempt, made soon after, he gained our left flank, moving in single file and at double-quick. Up to this time the officers and men under m.y command had fought with the determined cour- age of veterans, and an effectiveness which the enemy himself re- spected and afterward acknowledged (to me in conversation while a prisoner in their hands). Not a man had left the ranks, even to carry a wounded comrade to the rear. But the regiment had lost terribly, and now did not number one-fourth of what it did two hours earlier in the day. The enemy, on the contrary, had increased, and was now rapidly forming on my left. All support had left both flanks and were already well to the rear. Hence I ordered the shattered rem- nants of as brave a regiment as ever entered the field to fall back, and accompanied it a few paces. Then stopping, perhaps 20 paces from the seminary, I turned, and, stooping down, examined the con- dition of the enemy in front. At this instant, 4.20 p. in., i was hit by a flank fire in both legs at the same instant, which caused the amputation of my right leg, and so shattered my left that it is now, at the end of eight and a half months, still unhealed and unserviceable. I was carried into the seminary by Private [Lyman D.] Wilson, of Company F, the only man near me, and who narrowly escaped, a ball carrying away the middle button on my coat-sleeve while my arm was around his neck. The regiment, passing on, had gained the north end of the semi- nary, and was fortunately covered from the flank fire (volley) which wounded me. It moved through the town to Cemetery Hill, where 8 officers and 113 men answered to roll-call next morning, though 21 officers and 446 men had gone into the fight. Two captains remained, one of whom (Captain Owens, of Company D) commanded the regi- ment during the second and third days of the battle. It participated in the glorious repulse of the enemys final charge on the left center on the evening of the third day, and was complimented in an order you (General Doubleday) issued the next day. Adjutant Allen and several men were wounded, and Lieutenant Trexler, of Company K, killed. It is with pleasure that I refer to the bravery and efficiency of the officers and the heroic, self-sacrificing spirit manifested by the men of the One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers. I regret the loss of the many gallant patriots who lost their lives or received honorable scars in its ranks; but I rejoice it was in th Page 329 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGTh battle of Gettysburg and in defense of human freedom and repub- lican institutions. Of course, you have a detailed statement of the losses of my regi- ment.* I will add, however, that by the 6th of July 173 wounded officers and men were collected in the seminary hospital, where I lay, from it alone, while many others were in other hospitals or had per- ished on the field. As you doubtless have an official report, and this is prepared for your own gratification, I have written freely and more at length than otherwise. I have stated nothing, however, but what I know or have good reason to believe to be correct, and consequently hope this report .may correspond to or agree with other reports and obser- vations you may have collected. Respectfully submitted. lViaj. Gen. A. DOUBLEDAY. GEO. F. MCFARLAND. No. 61. Report of Cot. Roy Stone, One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsyl- vania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. , 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, in accordance with orders received directly from yourself, at 11 oclock a. in., July 1, I posted my brigade (One hundred and forty-third, One hundred and forty- ninth, and One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers) between the two brigades of Wadsworths division, upon the ridge in advance of Seminary Ridge, my right resting upon the Chambersburg or Cash- town road and left extending nearly to the wood occupied by Gen- eral Merediths brigade, with a strong force of skirmishers thrown well down the next slope, and the road held by a platoon of sharp- shooters. The skirmishers having to advance over an open field, without the slightest shelter, and under a hot fire from the enemys skirmishers concealed behind a fence, did not stop to fire a shot, but, dashing for- ward at a full run, drove the rebel line from the fence, and held it throughout the day. As we came upon the field, the enemy opened fire upon us from two batteries on the opposite ridge, and continued it, with some intermissions, during the action. Our low ridge afforded slight shelter from this fire, but no better was attainable, and our first disposition was unchanged until between 12 and 1 oclock, when a new battery upon a hill on the extreme right opened a most destruc- tive enfilade of our line, and at the same time all the troops upon my right fell back nearly a half mile to the Seminary Ridge. This made my position hazardous and difficult in the extreme, but rendered its maintenance all the more important. I threw one rc~gi- ment (One hundred and forty-ninth, Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight com- manding) into the road, and disposed the others on the left of the stone building, to conceal them from the enfilading battery. My line thus formed a right angle facing north and west. Soon after, as the enemys infantry was developed in heavy force upon the right, I sent another regiment (One hundred and forty-third, Colonel Dana) to the right of the One hundred and forty-ninth: At about 1.30 p. m. the * See p. 174 Page 330 380 1ST. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. IICHAP. XXXIX. grand advance of the enemys infantry began. From my position I was enabled to trace their formation for at least 2 miles. It appeared to be a nearly continnous line of deployed battalions, with other bat- talions in mass or reserve. Their line being formed not parallel but obliquely to ours, their left first became engaged with the troops on the northern prolongation of Seminary Ridge. The battalions en- gaged soon took a direction parallel to those opposed to them, thus causing a break in their line and ex osing the flank of those engaged to the fire of my two regiments in tI~e Chambersbnrg road. Though at the longest range of our pieces, we poured a most destructive fire upon their flanks, and,. together with the fire in their front, scattered them over the fields. A heavy force was then formed in two lines parallel to the Chain- bersburg road, and pressed forward to the attack of my position. Anticipating this, I had sent Colonel Dwight (One hundred and forty- ninth) forward to occupy a deep railroad cutting about 100 yards from the road, and when they came to a fence within pistol-shot of his line he gave them a staggering volley; reloading as they climbed the fence, and waiting till they came within 30 yards, gave them an- other volley, and charged, driving them back over the fence in utter confusion. Returning to the cut, he found that the enemy had planted a bat- tery which perfectly enfiladed and made it untenable, and he was obliged to fall back to the road. Colonel Dana meanwhile had been engaged with the enemy directly in his front and preventing them from outfianking Colonel Dwight on the right, and Colonel Wister had been holding our original line, now the left front. Being wounded about this time and carried from the field, I cannot speak so defi- nitely of the remainder of the action. Colonel Wister (One hundred and fiftieth) assumed command of the brigade, and finding the enemy were advancing from the north- west, brought up his own regiment, and, making a new disposition, drove back that force. Again they advanced from the north, and, struggling over the railroad cut, came nearly to the road, but a vigor- ous bayonet charge drove them back. Another attack from tne west was met by another change of front and repulsed. Colonel Wister being wounded, the command devolved on Colonel Dana, who con- tinued to contest the position with varying fortunes until it was re- ported that the enemy had turned his left flank as well as his right. An officer who was sent to learn the truth of the report found the wood occupied by the enemy; this made a retreat necessary to prevent being completely surrounded, and the command fell back, making an occasional stand and fighting all the way to Seminary Ridge. There a firm stand was made and a battery brought off; thence the retreat was continued through the town, in which the troops suffered heavily from the fire of the enemy, who already occupied the streets on both their flanks. Of the part taken by the remnant of my bri- gade in the battle of the 2d and 3d, report was made by Colonel Dana, commanding. No language can do justice to the conduct of my officers and men on the bloody first day;~~ to the coolness with which they watched and awaited, under a fierce storm of shot and shell, the approach of the enemys overwhelming masses; their ready obedience to orders, and the prompt and perfect execution, under fire, of all the tactics of the battic-field; to the fierceness of their repeated attacks, or to the des- perate tenacity of their resistance Page 331 CHAP. XXXIX.] 331 THE GE~VJ?YSBIYJ2~G CAMPAIGN. They fonght as if each man felt that upon his own arm hung the fate of the day and the nation. Nearly two-thirds of my command fell on the field. Every field officer save one was wounded and disabled. Their names are to be found already in yonr general re- port. Not one of them left the field until completely disabled. Col- onel Wister, while commanding the brigade, though badly wonnded in the month and unable to speak, remained in the front of the battle, as did also Lieutenant-Colonel Huidekoper, commanding One hun- dred and fiftieth, with his right arm shattered and a wound in the leg, and Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight, conimanding One hnndred and forty-ninth, with a dangerons gun-shot wonnd through the thigh. Not being in possession of the regimental reports, I regret tha~t I cannot do justice to the line officers who were particularly distinguished, and for the same reason I have been unable to give as complete an account of the action as I could have wished. To the courage and skiff of regimental commanders is~ due in great measure the success- ful maintenance of the position. The officers of my own staff present, and to whose bravery and in- telligence high praise is due, were Lieutenant [John E.] Parsons, act- ing assistant adjutant-general, and Lieutenants Daigliesh and Wal- ters, aides-de-camp. The two latter served also under Colonel Wister and Colonel Dana while those officers commanded the brigade, and received from them the highest commendation. Lieutenant Walters is especially praised for his gallantry in rally- ing and leading in repeated charges such portions of the troops as had beconie detached from their commands. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ROY STONE, Colonel 149th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Maj. Gen. A. DOUBLEDAY. No. 62~ Report of Got. Langhorne Wister, One hundred and fiftieth Penn sylvania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG.., THIRD DIv., FIRST ARMY CORPS, Rappahannoc1i~, Va. September 12, 1863. COLONEL: I have the honor, in accordance with orders received from headquarters Third Division, to report the action taken by this brigade in the battle of Gettysburg on July 1, 2, and 3. Before proceeding with the report, I would state that the brigade was commanded first by Col. Roy Stone, then by the undersigned, and lastly by Col. E. L. Dana, of the One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment. This brigade encamped on the evening of June 30 at a point about 6 miles from Gettysburg and on the north side of Marsh Creek. On the morning of Ju.ly 1, at about 9.30 oclock, it took up its line of march for Gettysburg. After marching about 3 miles very slowly, cannonading was heard in our front, an& an order was received to march the men as fast as possible, which was done, the brigade ar- riving at or near the Gettysburg Seminary at about 12 m. Colone Page 332 882 N. c., VA~, W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. Stone there ordered the men to unslung and pile knapsacks and to load, which having been done he moved the command in colnmn by bat- talion toward a honse and barn on the Chambersburg pike. The One hundred and fiftieth Regiment occupied the gronnd to the left of the house, its right resting near the One hundred and forty-third and left about 300 yards from General S. Merediths command of First Division). The One hundred and forty-third occupied t e space between the barn and house, the One hundred and forty-ninth being on the right of the barn, with no support in sight upon its right flank. The whole line faced to the west. From unslinging knapsacks to this time a heavy cannonading was directed upon us by the enemy, killing and wounding a number of men, under which the brigade behaved with the utmost coolness. After being in the position above mentioned for some time, Colonel Stone ordered a change to be made, as the range of the enemys guns was so exact. This change was effected also with the greatest coolness. The ground or line now occupied by the brigade was in the form of a right angle, the right of the One hundred and fiftieth and left of the One hundred and forty-ninth Regiments being within 100 yards of the barn, re- spectively, the One hundred and forty-third regiment accompanying the right of the line. In the meantime one company from each regiment had been de- tached as skirmishers (these companies were, of the One hundred and fiftieth, Capt. G. W. Jones; One hundred and forty-third, Capt. C. M. Conyngham; One hundred and forty-ninth, Capt. J. C. Johnson), and were engaged with the skirmishers of the enemy. These com- panies fought splendidly, and retarded the advance of the enemy greatly, they being, however, at last driven in. The enemy advanced in column by battalion slowly but steadily until they came to about 150 yards from our line, when a well-directed fire was delivered upon them from our whole front, killing and wounding many and driving the remainder of their first line almost entirely to the rear of the second line, with the exception of some who succeeded in getting into the railroad cut, which was in front of the One hundred and forty-third and One hundred and forty-ninth Regiments. Upon these, Colonel Stone ordered a charge to be made by the One hundred and forty-ninth, which was eutirely successful in driving them out. The One hundred and forty-ninth then took up its original position on the Chambersburg turnpike, and awaited the advance of the second rebel line, and the first one, now reformed. About this time Colonel Stone was wounded severely, and was carried into the barn before spoken of. The command then devolved upon me. By this time a furious musketry fire was again going on along the whole line, and soon the enemy began another advance, in the greatest force, on the front of the One hundred and forty-ninth and One hundred and forty-third Regiments. I accordingly divided the One hundred and fiftieth into two wingsthe right under Lieutenant- Colonel iluidekoper, the left under Maj. T. Chamberlain. That under Lieutenant-Colonel Huidekoper I ordered to change front for- ward, so as to occupy the same line as the One hundred and forty- third and One hundred and forty-ninth Regiments. This it did in good order, though under a very severe musketry fire. The left wing of the One hundred and fiftieth was kept in its former position, to keep in check three times its number. The gradual advance of the enemy had by this time brought many of them into the railroad cut again; consequently I ordered a charge to be made by the On Page 333 CHAP. XXXIX.1 THE GETIY5J3URG CA MrAWfN. 333 hundred and forty-ninth and right wing of the One hundred and fiftieth Regiment, which was as successful in driving the enemy out as the former one. About this time, Lieut. Col. W. Dwight, commanding One hundred and forty-ninth Regiment, was wounded in the thigh; Maj. T. Cham- berlain, commanding left wing One hundred and fiftieth Regiment, through left breast and shoulder; Lieutenant-Colonel Huidekoper, commanding right wing One hundred and fiftieth Regiment, through the upper bone of right arm; also Adjt. R. L. Ashurst, One hundred and fiftieth Regiment, through the arm. Five minutes after, I was wounded in the mouth, which mack it impossible for me longer to command; consequently I sent word to Col. E. L. Dana to take com- mand of the brig~ade. In five minutes after, the advance of over- powering numbers of the enemy compelled the brigade to fall back gradually, which they did, fighting all the way. Colonel Dana being at this time in command, I extract from his report: Facing to the rear, our lines were withdrawn in good order to a point midway be- tween the barn and the spot designated as the peach orchard. The brigade was again halted in the rear of and as a support to a battery of artillery, and again re- newed its fire. The supply of ammunition, 60 rounds per man, becoming exhausted, was here renewed. On the witbdrawal of the artillery, this command moved on toward and through the town, fallin0 in with the rear of other divisions, sustaining with them a destructive fire in its passage through the streets, and at length reached and was halted upon Cemetery Hill. Formed in line in the rear of a battery, the men here bivouacked for the night. With the exception of skirmishing between ours and the advance posts, and the occasional interchange of artillery fire, the morning of Thursday, July 2, in this immediate part of the line, passed in comparative quiet. In the afternoon, a severe engagement occurred upon our left, and simultaneously a cannonade opened between our batteries on Cemetery Hill and the enemy. Later in the afternoon, this brigade, to~,ether with the First, was moved at double- quick and under a sharp fire about half a mile toward the left, to re-enforce that portion of the line. The One hundred and forty-ninth and One hundred and fiftieth Regiments were advanced, under Captains Glenn and Jones, some 600 yards to the front, until they encountered and engaged the pickets of the enemy. Remaining in position until morning, this detachment succeeded in bringing off the field two pieces of artillery and caissons, and rejoined the brigade. On the morning of July 3, during the interval between the firing, this command threw up a rude breastwork of rails and stone in front of its position, which was in the second line, and held and occupied the same during the terrific cannonade and the final and decisive infantry stru~,gle which have rendered this day historicaL The conduct of both officers and men during this tremendous strug- gle was all that could be desired from the most exacting. On the first day the brigade was in the most imminent danger of being cut off, as no order had been received to retire, and the enemy occupied the ground on our left flank, which was left vacant by the withdrawal of the Iron Brigade (General Meredith). The Eleventh Corps, which, in a measure, supported our right, had withdrawn some time before. The determined resistance of this command alone saved it, the enemy supposing a much larger force in their front. Having first taken position about 12 in., the brigade did not retire until after 3 p. in., when all other troops had left the field, and only left the semiuary at about 8.40 oclock. Taking iuto consideration that the force opposed to it was more than twice as large, the result is wonderful. The enemy had, to my certain knowledge, six regi- ments, any one of #hich contained 500 men, all of which were in full view, opposed entirely to this small brigade. Col. Roy Stone, dur- ing the time he was in command, displayed the utmost coolness and sl~ill, awl desQrve~ mi~ch Qredit for the position taken up, whiCh ha Page 334 334 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Ci~~. XXXIX. not to be materially changed during the action (until the retreat com- menced), and for the movements made upon the field. Col. E. L. Dana conducted the retreat from the barn to Cemetery Hill, and was during that time distinguished for his coolness and judgment. Lieutenant-Colonel Huidekoper, One hundred and fiftieth Regi- ment, kept the field for a long time after his right arm was shattered, - as did also Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight, commanding One hundred and forty-ninth Regiment. Maj. T. Chamberlain and Adjutant Ashurst, of the One hundred and fiftieth Regiment, behaved in the most gallant manner. The line officers of the whole brigade also behaved, with scarcely an eXcep- tion, splendidly. Colonel Dana mentions Captains Jones and Glenn, of the One hun- dred and fiftieth and One hundred and forty-ninth Regiments, re- spectively, who commanded after their field officers were wounded, as being of great service to him. Lieuts. William M. Dalgliesh and B. Walters, of the personal staff of Colonel Stone, and afterward of myself and Colonel Dana, behaved during the whole fight brilliantly, riding into the hottest of the fire. Each had a horse killed, the former under him, the lat- ter while standing near him. I herewith submit the following report of casualties in this bri- gade: Killed, 115; wounded, 429; missing, 284. Total, 828. ~ The brigade went into action with 1,300 men. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, LANGHORNE WISTER, (Jot. 150th Pennsylvania Volmnte~rs, Gomdg. Second Brig. No. 63. Report of Got. Edmund L. Dana, One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, commandtng Second Brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., THIRD Div., FIRST ARMY CORPS, Camp near IYarrenton Junction, Va., July 29, 1863. SIR: The command of the brigade devolved upon me early in the action of July 1, in the midst of a severe fire, and after the preliminary dispositions of the several regiments to receive the enemy had been made. Up to this time my attention had been chiefly occupied with my own regimentOne hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Vol- unteers. All the field officers of this One hundred and forty-ninth and One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiments are absent by reason of wounds received in the first days engagement, and it is possible, therefore, that omissions may occur in the follow- ing report. On the morning of July 1, the brigade, comprising the One hun- dred and forty-third, One hundred and forty-ninth, and One hun- dred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, marched from Marsh Creek, where it had halted the previous evening, and, when within some 2 miles of Gettysburg, a heavy firing at the front indicated that the advance had become engaged with the enemy. Hurrying for- ward to a point a short distance west or northwest of the town, the brigade formed in column of regiments, and, leaving knapsacks and blankets behind, agreeably to orders, advanced at a double-quick * I3ut see revised statement, p. 174 Page 335 Cxip. XXXIX.] THE GEITYS]3URG CAMPAIGN. 335 through fields and up a gentle ascent toward the enemy. Attain- ing the crest of the hill or slope, a line was formed to the right and somewhat in advance of the First Brigade, with the One hundred and fiftieth Regiment on the left, the One hundred and forty-third in the center, and the One hundred and forty-ninth upon the right. The One hundred and fiftieth and One hundred and forty-third oc- cupied the interval between a grove of woods on the left (in or near which General Reynolds was killed) and a barn and stone dwelling on the right, while the One hundred and forty-ninth was formed on an extension of the line to the right of the barn and between it and the railroad cut. The troops occupied this position for a short time under a fire of round shot and shell, when the enemys advance, pre- ceded by skirmishers, was discovered, and at the same time an artil- lery fire was opened on our right, enfilading our line. Company B, of the One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, under Capt. G. W. Jones; Company A, of the One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, under Capt. C. M. Conyngham, and Com- pany K, of the One hundred and forty-ninth, under Capt. John C. Johnson, were deployed to the front as skirmishers, and soon after became warmly engaged. Later in the day, Company E, of the One hundred and forty-ninth, under Capt. Z. C. McCulloch, was detached for like duty, and these four companies, under their gallant officers, were employed in this service during the early part of the engage- ment, and until forced back by overwhelming numbers upon the main line. The attack upon our right became so severe that a partial change of front was necessary, and the One hundred and forty-third and One hundred and forty-ninth Regiments, under a severe fire, were formed in a line, facing the right and at a right angle with the first line, along a road which runs parallel with and distant about 100 yards from the railroad cut. The One hundred and forty-third Regi- ment took position to the right of the One hundred and forty-ninth, while the One hundred and fiftieth retained its original position, being merely deployed to occupy the space between the grove and barn, and fill up the interval exposed by the removal of the One hun- dred and forty-third to its new position. This movement had scarcely been completed when the enemy advanced against our entire front in large numbers, and, when within easy range, were recei Wed with an effective fire from our whole line, which threw them into confusion, and a charge by the One hundred and forty-ninth forward to the rail- road cut being made, they fell back to a sheltered position, where the y were re-enforced and their broken ranks reformed. At about this point in the action, Colonels Stone, of the One hun- dred and forty-ninth, and Wister, of the One hundred and fiftieth, having been wounded, I took command of the brigade. The con- test soon became severe and close. Three successive assaults upon our line were repulsed, in which we sustained heavy losses in killed and wounded, but the enemy evidently, from the numbers left upon the ground at each repulse, suffered still more severely. The brigade went into position at about ii a. in.; became engaged about noon. The conflict had continued until about 4 p. in., when a more heavy advance by the enemy was made and again checked by a well-directed fire, but the support both upon our right and left having been withdrawn, his superior numbers enabled the enemy to extend his lines, so as to threaten both our flanks and rear. In addition to Colonels Stone and Wister, Lieutenant-Colone Page 336 336 K. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXflX. Dwight, commanding the One hundred and forty-ninth, Lieutenant- Colonel Huidekoper, Major Chamberlain, and Adjutant Ashnrst, of the One hundred and fiftieth, with most of the commissioned officers of three regiments, had been wounded. These casualties, with the heavy loss of enlisted men, made it necessary, in order to save the command from capture or entire destruction, to move to some point of support. Facing to the rear, the line was withdrawn in good order some distance toward the town, where it was halted, and sev- eral volleys were fired at the advancing enemy. Moving thence nearer the town to a peach orchard, not far from where the railroad embankment begins, the brigade was again halted, and, together with a portion of a battery of artillery and parties that had become separated from their regiments, renewed the fire. The supply of ammunition60 rounds per man--having been exhausted, was here replaced and expended. On the withdrawal of the artillery, this command moved along the embankment toward and through the town, the last organized body of troops, J believe, to leave the field, and, falling in with numbers of the First Division, First Army Corps, and some of the Eleventh Corps, passed through the streets under a destructive fire, and be- tween 5 and 6 p. m. reached and was halted on Cemetery Hill. A line was formed near a low wall facing the town, and the arrival and position of what remained of the brigade were reported to the divis- ion and corps commanders. With the exception of some skirmishing between the advanced posts and occasional artillery firing, the morning of Thursday, July 2, on this part of the field passed in comparative quiet. In the afternoon, a severe engagement occurred on our left, and simultaneously a cannonade opened between our batteries on Cem- etery Hill and those of the enemy. Later in the day this brigade, with the First, moved at a double-quick and under a sharp fire about half a mile to the left and front, to re-enforce that portion of the line. The One hundred and forty-ninth and One hundred and fiftieth Regiments, under Captains Glenn and Jones, were here advanced some 600 yards, until they encountered the enemys pickets, and in the morning rejoined the brigade, bringing with them two pieces of ar- tillery and caissons recovered from the field. On the morning of Friday, July 3, during intervals between the artillery firing, this command threw up a slight breastwork of rails and stones in front of its position, which was in the second hue, and held it during the terrific cannonade in the afternoon and the decis- ive and final infantry charge of General Longstreet, which have ren- dered this day historical. The conduct of both officers and men during this protracted con- test, with few exceptions, merits the highest commendation. The lines were formed, changes of front made, under heavy fire, with steadiness and precision; and the final withdrawal from the field, on the first day, under the pressure of overwhelming numbers upon flank and rear, was effected without panic or confusion. Where all behaved so well, it seems unjust to particularize, yet I cannot withhold my acknowledgment of the coolness and ability of Maj. John D. Musser, commanding the One hundred and forty-third; of Captain Glenn, commanding the One hundred and forty-ninth after Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight and Acting Maj. John Irvin, in the fearless discharge of their duties, had been wounded, and of Capt. G. W. Jones, both upon the skirmish line ~vnd in command of t1i Page 337 THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. CHAP. XXXIX.] - 33,7 One hundred and fiftieth after the field officers of that regiment had been disabled. Lieuts. William M. Dalgliesh and B. Walters, acting aides, rendered efficient services during the first and also the second and third days engagement. The horse of the former was shot under him; that of the latter while temporarily dismounted. Brigade Surgeon Reamer, One hundred and forty-third Pennsyl- vania Volunteers; Surgeon Quinan, of the One hundred and fiftieth; Assistant Surgeons Fulton, of the One hundred and forty-third, and Hunter, of the One hundred and forty-ninth Regiments, detailed for hospital duty at the beginning of the action of July 1, were taken prisoners in the town, but continued their care of the wounded until it was reoccupied by our troops. Assistant Surgeon Scott, of the One hundred and forty-third Regiment, remained with the reginient and was faithful in his attention to the wounded of July 2 and 3. This Command marched from Gettysbnrg on the morning of July 6, following up with other troops the retreat of General Lee. On the aftefnoon of the 10th, coming up with his rear at or near Funkstown, Md., preparations were made for an~attack. My brigade being in the front line, skirmishers were thrown out, and a brisk fire opened. Night came on, and the eneniy withdrew. Our troops ad- vanced to the Potomac, crossed into Virginia, and by easy marches came on to this place. The following is a statement of the casualties sustained by this brigade: The One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers went into actioji July 1 with 465 meii. ~ei ~ n n Officers and men. . 0 Commissioned officers 1 10 11 Enlisted men 20 130 65 26 241 Total 21 140 65 26 252 The One hundred and forty-ninth went into action with 450 men. ~0 Officers and men. ~ Commissioned officers 1 *12 4 17 Enlisted men 33 159 127 319 Total 34 171 131 336 The One hundred and fiftieth Peiiusylvania Volunteers went into action with 400 men. nS Officers and meL. 0 ~ E Commissioned officers 1 ~ 4 15 Enlistedmen 28 141 80 249 Total 29 151 84 264 *2 field and 10 line. 22 R RYOL xxvii, PT I 4 field and 6 line Page 338 338 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Ca& p. XXXIX. The brigade went into action July 1 with 1,315 men. .~ 2 22 ~U2 Officers and men. ~ ~ ~ @ Commissioned officers 3 32 8 43 Enlistedmen 81 430 298 809 Total 84 462 306 852 By far the larger portion of this loss was sustained July 1. Very respectfully submitted. EDMUND L. DANA, Golonel, (Jomdg. Second Brig., Third Div., First Army Corps. Maj. E. C. BAIRD, Asst. Adjt. Ger~., Third Div., First Army Corps. No. 64. Reports of Lient. Col. John D. Musser, One hundred and forty- third Pennsylvania Infantry. CAMP NEAR GETTYSBURG, PA., July 4, 1863. COLONEL: I have the honor to make a report of the participation of the One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteer Regi- ment in the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, after the command was turned over to nie, which occurred while holding the road west of the town, where the One hundred and forty-ninth and One hundred and forty-third had been ordered by command of Colonel Stone. It was in the hottest of the fire that I assumed the command, and had simply to hold the position, which we did as long as it could be held without being all captured, as the enemy were rapidly falling back on our left and flanking us on the right. Up to this time but few had been killed or wounded. Capts. G. N. Reichard, Plotz, and Conyngham, among the officers, were wounded early in the action; Captain Reichard alone left on the field. After the enemy had driven the One hundred and forty-ninth from our left, I gave the command to move back. After crossing the crest of a hill, which lay a quarter of a mile in our rear and toward the town, we halted, faced about, and fired several volleys, checking their advance in front but not on our flanks. We then fell back to a peach orchard, where our battery was stationed. We again halted, and, with others, saved the b~tttery, leaving the men (not ours) to pull it out of range by hand. It was with great difficulty I could get all the men to fall back from this point, which was a good one, and in front of which the enemy fell thick and fast. Still they moved in columns on our right and left, and superior numbers compelled us to fall back to the town, which, I might say, was done in good order, and only when peremptorily ordered to do so. The road from this hill (Bat- tery Hill) to town was 10 to 12 feet high, and crossed over a stream and low meadow. Before leaving, the enemy had come out of th Page 339 CHAP. XXXIX.) THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 33~ woods on our right (as we faced the enemy at the battery), and it was while going through the meadow my men fell so rapidly that I con- cluded to take them on the other side of this high road. But the balls and shell were as thick, if not thicker, on the right as on the left side. While making the observation, I received a ball through my pants, slightly wounding the skin near the knee. I rejoined the regiment, knowing this to be the safest side. I felt like making another stand, but utter destruction would have been inevitable, as the enemy de- ployed as soon as they left the woods, making intervals between their men, which gave them a decided advantage over us. I am pleased to say my men behaved nobly, and fought under great disadvantage and against greatly superior numbers. Among the officers killed I have to record that of Lieut. Charles W. Betzenberger, who was wounded in the hand early in the action, but nobly stood at the head of his company while supporting the battery in the peach orchard. He moved back only when ordered, and fell, mortally wounded, near the town. Among the wounded I have the honor to report the name of Capt. Charles M. Conyngham, of Company A, who was wounded while out skirmishing, but remained with his company, and remained at the peach orchard until the order was given to move back. I saw him, after we had passed through the town, seemingly exhausted, and ordered my horse back to help him up the hill, but, just as lie was mounting, he was again shot in the hip, after which I did not see him, but am happy to report his wounds are not of a dangerous character. Lieut. C. C. Plotz was wounded early in the action, and also after- ward again on the road into town. Capt. George N. Reichard, of Company C, was wounded in the shoulder while holding the road, and afterward taken prisoner. Capt. Asher Gaylord, of Company D, was wounded in both legs while in the peach orchard, and left on the field. Lieut. William Lafrance, of Company E, was shot through the arm while passing through the town. Capt. William A. Tubbs, slight wound in head and taken prisoner. Lieut. H. M. Gordon. shot through the leg, and taken prisoner while crawling after the regiment. Lieut. Lyman R. Nicholson, wounded through the shoulder after leaving the peach orchard; supposed to be of a seri- ous character, but refused to have any one remain with him on the field. Lieut. 0. E. Vaughan, of Company K, received a slight bruise on the head from a ball, although not close enough to cut the skin, yet may properly be called a wound. I am happy to say that among those not killed or wounded, all, with one exception, stood at their posts and acted in the most be- coming and commendable manner, deserving of the highest praise and commendation. John Jones, jr., adjutant, reported himself wounded, although I have not been able to learn where, or whether sufficiently serious to have prevented him rejoining his regiment after passing through the town, and therefore report him among the doubtful. Lieut. Benjamin F. Walters, of the One hundred and forty-third Regiment, but on your staff, showed great bravery, and distinguished himself, being conspicuous on all parts of the field; but I suppose he will come more properly under the head of your report. In summing up my report of the casualties of the day, I have to report as follows: Killed, 1 officer and 119 non-commissioned officers and privates; wounded, 10 officers and 110 non-commissioned officer Page 340 340 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. and men; prisoners, 65, and missing 25most of the latter supposed to be either killed, wounded, or prisoners. Entered the a e with 465. It was our first engagement, and if any censure be attached to our regiment, it must be for not falling back sooner. I have the honor to remain, yours, very respectfully, JNO. D. MUSSER, ltfajor, Comdg. 143d Regt. Pennsylvania Volunteers. CAMP NEAR HARPERS FERRY, VA., ____ , 1863. COLONEL: In continuing my report of the three days fight at Get- tysburg, I must begin with the position occupied by the One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment on the morning of July 2. We were ordered first to occupy a position in the rear of a battery a little south of Cemetery Hill, and upon which a most determined and incessant fire was kept up the greater part of the afternoon, but without effect, owing to the enemys shot being too high. The failure to silence the battery at this point compelled the enemy to make an attack farther to our left, to which part of the line our brigade was double-quicked, to assist in driving back the enemy and recapturing some guns. We lay upon our arms all night in line of battle. I am happy to be able to say that both officers and men behaved nobly, notwith- standing the severity of our loss on the previous day. No casualties occurred to my command during the day. July 3.This morning at daylight we commenced throwing up such breastworks as could be made, in the absence of tools of any kind, with rails and stones. In the course of the forenoon, we suc- ceeded in getting together quite a number of both, proving a tolerable shelter for my men; who were placed directly in the rear of a battery which had been captured, but retaken again, the day before. In the afternoon the enemy opened upon us. We had not taken our position yet, but lay some distance in the rear. While doing so, a shell struck in Company D, instantly killing 1 and wounding others. I then ordered my men up to the breastwork, after which no shell struck among the men, but a number were wounded with pieces. We remained under the concentrated fire of several batteries, but all proved useless; they could not silence our batteries, and made the at- tack with infantry, farther to our right. The column in front swung round upon the flank of the enemy. Our line did not move from the support of the battery. I have the honor to report that all of my command stood at their posts amid all the iron that filled the air. Early in the action, Capt. C. K. flughes received a slight wound from a piece of shell, and left the field. The casualties of the day are as follows: 1 commissioned officer and 14 non-commissioned officers and privates wounded, 1 missing, and 1 man out of Company D killed. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, JNO. D. MUSSER, Lieut. Gol., Gomd~jj. 14:3d Regt. Pennsylvania Vols Page 341 342 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CnAP. XXXIX. corps, the One hundred and forty-third Regiment not yet engaged, but lying down in line of battle to my right. In the meantime the enemy, who had been massing on our right, made a furious advance on the Eleventh Corps in large force, and at the same time moved on my front with one brigade of three regi- ments, whereupon Colonel Stone ordered me to move my regiment forward and take possession of the railroad cut, about 50 paces to my front; also to plant my colors 20 paces on the left flank of the regiment; all of which was accomplished in good order and while the enemy were moving over the low ground between the two posi- tions; consequently our change of position was unknown to the enemy. My skirmishers were gradually driven in, when I ordered them to take position on the right of the regiment, my men being deployed in single line in the cut, their arms resting on the .bank, with orders to take deliberate aim ~it the knees of the front rank of the enemy as he came up. My position was undiscovered by the enemy until he reached a rail fence, 22 paces in my front, when he saw my colors fly- ing, and immediately ordered the first battalion of his brigade to fire, my regiment not suffering therefrom, as it was directed at the colors. I now ordered my regiment to- fire by battalion. Its effect on the enemy was terrible, he being at the time brigade en masse, at 9-pace interval. He now broke to the rear in great confusion. In the meantime I had ordered my regiment to load, when the enemy ad- vanced the second time, and made a most desperate effort to carry my position by assault, in which we handsomely repulsed him by reserving our fire until we could almost reach him with the muzzles of our pieces. Again he fell back. ~This fight was of the most des- perate character, we losing heavily, the enemys dead and wounded completely covering the ground in our front. At this stage of the contest, and during the heat of the fight in our front, the enemy had planted three or four pieces of artillery in an orchard on our left, about half a mile distant, commanding the cut I occupied, and had also, under cover of the hill we were fighting over, succeeded in moving up on my left flank part of a brigade, all of which was discovered in time to save my regiment by moving it rap- idly back to my first position on the pike, but, I regret to inform you, not in time to save our colors, which were still where I first planted them, 20 paces on the left flank of the regiment, the color-guard all being killed or wounded while defending them. To have saved my colors would have been to advance between two forces of the enemy, both my superiors in numbers; also to have put my command under an enfilade battery fire. It would have been certain surrender or destruction. I saved the regiment and lost the colors. The. One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers during all this time had remained in their original position on the pike, but now poured in on the enemy, who were advancing on their front, a vigorous fire, the One hundred and fiftieth still holding stubbornly its first line, although fighting desperate odds. Colonel Stone, com- manding brigade, was wounded and carried from the field immedi- ately after ordering me forward to the railroad cut. However, the first disposition of the brigade was not changed during the entire day, although we were actually fighting three of the enemys brigades with our three regimentsa sufficient comment upon the excellent disposition of the command by Colonel Stone in the beginning of the engagement Page 342 342 N. C., VA., W. VA., MTh, PA., ETC. [CnAP. XXXIX. corps, the One hundred and forty-third Regiment not yet engaged, but lying down in line of battle to my right. In the meantime the enemy, who had been massing on our right, made a furious advance on the Eleventh Corps in large force, and at the same time moved on my front with one brigade of three regi- ments, whereupon Colonel Stone ordered me to move my regiment forward and take possession of the railroad cut, about 50 paces to my front; also to plant my colors 20 paces on the left flank of the regiment; all of which was accomplished in good order and while the enemy were moving over the low ground between the two posi- tions; consequently our change of position was unknown to the enemy. My skirmishers were gradually driven in, when I ordered them to take position on the right of the regiment, my men being deployed in single line in the cut, their arms resting on the bank, with orders to take deliberate aim ~it the knees of the front rank of the enemy as he came up. My position was undiscovered by the enemy until he reached a rail fence, 22 paces in my front, when he saw my colors fly- ing, and immediately ordered the first battalion of his brigade to fire, my regiment not suffering therefrom, as it was directed at the colors. I now ordered my regiment to fire by battalion. Its effect on the enemy was terrible, he being at the time brigade en masse, at 9-pace interval. He now broke to the rear in great confusion. In the meantime I had ordered my regiment to load, when the enemy ad- vanced the second time, and made a most desperate effort to carry my position by assault, in which we handsomely repulsed him by reserving our fire until we could almost reach him with the muzzles of our pieces. Again he fell back. This fight was of the most des- perate character, we losing heavily, the enemys dead and wounded completely covering the ground in our front. At this stage of the contest, and during the heat of the fight in our front, the enemy had planted three or four pieces of artillery in an orchard on our left, about half a mile distant, commanding the cut I occupied, and had also, under cover of the hill we were fighting over, succeeded in moving up on my left flank part of a brigade, all of which was discovered in time to save my regiment by moving it rap- idly back to my first position on the pike, but, I regret to inform you, not in time to save our colors, which were still where I first planted them, 20 paces on time left flank of the regiment, the color-guard all being killed or wounded while defending them. To have saved my colors would have been to advance between two forces of the enemy, both my superiors in numbers; also to have put my command under an enfilade battery fire. It would have been certain surrender or destruction. I saved the regiment and lost the colors. The. One hundred and forty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers during all this time had remained in their original position on the pike, but now poured in on the enemy, who were advancing on their front, a vigorous fire, the One hundred and fiftieth still holding stubbornly its first line, although fighting desperate odds. Colonel Stone, com- manding brigade, was wounded and carried from the field immedi- ately after ordering me forward to the railroad cut. However, the first disposition of the brigade was not changed during the entire day, although we were actually fighting three of the enemys brigades with our three regimentsa sufficient comment upon the excellent disposition of the command by Colonel Stone in the beginning of the engagement Page 343 CHiP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 343 Col. Langhorne Wister, of the One hundred and fiftieth Regiment, now commanded the brigade. The enemy in the meantime broke over the hill, partially to our front and flank, in large force, where- upon they received such a reception at the ~hands of the right wing of the One hundred and fiftieth and my regiment that they soon re- tired with heavy loss. The enemy had also, under face of a heavy fire from the One hundred and forty-third, succeeded in occupying the railroad cut I had just vacated, and were giving us much trouble. Whereupon Colonel Wister ordered me to charge them out, which our boys and the right wing of the One hundred and fiftieth did in gallant style, completely clearing them out. We again occupied our original position, but were fearfully decimated in both officers and men, not having at this time one-half the number we went into the engagement with. The One hundred and fiftieth were as badly off as ourselves, all its field officers being compelled to leave the field from severe wounds, although they had up to this tiine gallantly remained, cheering their men on to noble deeds by their actions, although wounded. Early in the engagement my acting major was also compelled to leave the field on account of wounds received in the head. Having no other field officers, and myself suffering severely from a wound through the thigh, received at the railroad cut early in the action, the enemy slowly closing up on our rear in large force, also working in rapidly on our flanks, owing to the withdrawal of the First and Second Divisions and the breaking way of the Eleventh Corps on our right flank, we had no other resort left but to retire in the direc- tion of the town, which we did slowly, contesting the ground inch by inch back to the Gettysburg Seminary, where we made a most des- perate stand with the fragments of the brigade, and succeeded in holding the ground against vastly superior numbers until one of our batteries stationed here could limber to the rear, when the brigade was taken from the field by Colonel Dana, who did most gallant work on the retreat from McPhersons barn to the seminary, he protecting the flank resting on the railroad cut against great odds by the hardest fighting. I was compelled, from exhaustion and loss of blood, to drop down at this latter point. I would here mention Captain Glenn, of my regiment, command- ing provost guard, Third Division, as having conducted his command very gallantly, he after the first day commanding the regiment until. the return of Captain Irvin, acting major, wounded in the head the first day. The regiment, although under fire the remaining three days fight, lost but slightly. Their actionseverywhere commendable, know- ing, as every man did from the beginning of the engagement, that we were fighting vastly superior numbers, with no reserve, the con- test being hand to hand, and in the face of all this every man obeying every order cheerfully, and in every instance every man performing his whole dutycertainly must challenge the admiration of all. Where all did so well it is impossible for me to discriminate in favor of any single individual. However, of the line officers, I would par- ticularly speak of Capt. A. J. Sofield, Company A, who fell while gallantly leading his command on the railroad cut in the second charge. As a gentleman and man possessed of true courage and coolness he had no superior. We deeply regret his loss. I would also mention Capt. Brice H. Blair, of Company I, as having parti Page 344 344 K. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. LOHAP. XXXIX. ularly distinguished himself for bravery and coolness, he gallantly keeping the field after losing an arm, until loss of blood compelled him to retire. Also Capt. John H. Bassler, of Company C, severely wonnded early in the fight. His coolness and bravery are unques- tionable. I would also mention in the same category Captains Soult and Jones, of Companies H and G. Their conduct was splendid; toth severely wounded. Captain Johnson, of Company K, captured by the enemy at the Gettysburg Seminary, is worthy of particular mention, he having distinguished himself throughout the entire day. I would also in this connection bear evideiice of the excellent con- duct of Colonel Stones staff, I having been particularly aided, after losing nearly all of my own officers, by Lieutenants Dalgliesh and Walters, the latter more especially under my attention and at my assistance, and for gallantry not ekcelled by any man in the com- mand. Please find below a list of killed, wounded, and missing ; * and here allow me to remark that the missing are nearly all wounded and pris- oners, we being compelled to leave all our severely wounded behind. Having no official notification of their whereabouts, I ha~e to report them missing. We entered the engagement with about 450 men, and came out with about 100, leaving our casualties about 350, or a loss of a little over three out of four. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, WALTON DWIGHT, Lieutenant-Uolonel, Gomdg. 149th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Col. LANGHORNE WIsTER, Comdg. Second Brig., Third Div., First Army Corps. No. 66. Report of Capt. John Jrvin, One hundred and forty-ninth Penn sylvania Infantry. HEADQUARTERS 149TH REGT. PENNSYLVANIA VOLS., July 17, 1863. Sin: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the One hundred and forty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in the late engagement near Gettysburg, Pa.: On the morning of July 1, our regiment, under command of Lieu- tenant-Colonel Dwight, forming a part of the Second Brigade (com- manded by Colo~iel Roy Stone), Third Division, First Army Corps, marched from a point about 4 miles north of Emmitsburg, Md. When we arrived within about 2 miles of Gettysburg, Pa., we heard the fire of artillery in the direction of the town, when we received orders to double-quick and come up under the fire of the enemys guns. We formed into~ line, marched forward in a direction north- west of the town, and, arriving at a barn near by, we received orders from Colonel Stone to lie down and shelter ourselves from the fire of the enemy. * Embodied in revised statement, p. 174 Page 345 CaAP. XXXIX.] TILE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGTh 345 We remained in this position for a period of fifteen or twenty minutes, when our regiment was ordered to take a position on a road leading from the town, crossing our line at right angles, we occupying the right of the brigade. After we had been there some time, the One hundred and forty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers, commanded by Colonel Dana, took their position on our right, which left us in the center, the One hundred and fiftieth Regimeuitt Pennsylvania Volunteers being on our left. These dispositions were made under a very heavy fire from the enemys batteries on our front and left flank. We remained in this position until a line of the enemys infantry made its appearance on our front. Company E was then ordered out as skirmishers, Company K having been ordered out as skirmishers before we had changed our front to the road, which now placed them upon our left. When the enemy came up to the proper distance, we received orders to fire, which was done very briskly and with good effect, breaking the first line of the enemy. We were then ordered forward by Colonel Stone, and advanced in line to a deep railroad cut, which ran parallel with our line and about 100 yards in front. Our regiment went into this and lay along the opposite side, pouring in a sharp fire over the top of the bank. After remaining here a few minutes, a second line of the enemy came up, and we were compelled to fall back to our former position on the road, where we remained firing on the advancing line. They were finally repulsed, falling back in disorder. Colonel Stone received a~ severe wound while making the charge, and was carried off the field. Colonel Wister, now commanding the brigade, ordered us forward on a second charge. When near the railroad cut, a third line of the enemy made its appearance, compelling us to fall back again to the road. During this time we were receiving a galling fire on our left, which prevented the left wing of the regiment from making a stand on the road, which changed front, faced to the left, where the One hundred and fiftieth Regiment was then engaged. I received a slight wound in the head at this time, and went to the hospital to have it dressed; was there but a short time when I was taken prisoner; consequently cannot give you a report of the part this regiment subsequently took. Colonel Wister was wounded early in the engagement, and Colonel Dana assumed command of the brigade. Lieutenant-Colonel Dwight, commanding the regiment, was wounded in the leg about the time I left the field. The brigade fell back to a position on Cemetery ~Hill, where the command of the regiment devolved upon Captain Glenn. He com- manded from the evening of the 1st to the morning of the 6th instant, when I reported to the regiment for duty, and have commanded since. We marched from near Gettysburg. leaving there the morning of the 6th instant, to near Funkstown, Md., where we encountered the enemy. We were placed in the front line, and built a rifle-pit under a sharp fire from the enem~ys skirmishers. This was Sunday, the 10th instant. The regiment suffered none at this place. In the engagement of the 1st instant, both officers and men behaved with great gallantry, not leaving the field until they were completely overwhelmed by the enemys advancing columns, when they received orders to fall back. I believe our brigade was the last to leave the field Page 346 346 K. c., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [CHAP. XXXIX. The following are the casualties of the regiment: a .a .~ Officers and men. a Officers 1 12 4 17 Enlisted men 33 159 127 319 Total 34 171 131 338 The regiment went into action with about 450. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN IRVIN, Captain, Comdg. 149th 1?egt. Pennsylvania Vols. Lieut. WILLIAM M. DALGLJESH, Acting Assistant Adjulant-General. No. 67. Report of Lieut. Got. Henry S. Huidekoper, One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry. , 1863. SIR: Report of the action of the One hundred and fiftieth Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers at Gettysburg, Pa., on July 1: On the morning of July 1, the One hundred and fiftieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers left camp near Emmitsburg, and about noon arrived on the battle-field at Gettysburg. Rapidly throwing off their knapsacks, the regiment moved up on the ground between the Iron Brigade and the other regiments of Colonel Stones brigade, which reached to the Chambersburg road. After lying under shelling for an hour, the command of the regiment fell to me, Colonel Wister taking command of the brigade. Almost immediately, by order of Colonel Wister, a change of front forward on first company was made with regularity and promptness, and in that new position, protected by a fence, our men awaited the charge of a rebel regiment which was attempting to flank the One hundred and forty-third and One hundred and forty-ninth Regiments, which had gallantly repulsed an attack in their front. At the distance of 50 yards, a volley was poured into the rebels, which staggered them so completely that a second one was fired before an attempt was made to advance or re- treat. At this juncture, Colonel Wister ordered the regiment to charge, and led it in person. The rebels were utterly routed, and the colors of the One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, which had been lost, were recaptured and restored to that regiment. The One hundred and fiftieth then fell back to the position from which it had advanced. The firing of th~ enemy, who was approach- ing in front of the corp~, now became fearful, and the regiment changed front to rear to meet this new attack. The movement was made in perfect order, and then bravely did the men moVe to the front, following the color-sergeant, who rushed to place his standard on the small rise of ground in advance. Four companies again changed front to resist the flank attack, while the remainder of the regimen Page 347 CHAP. XXXIX.] TILE GIErTY~~BU1~G CAMPAIGK 347 fought one entire brigade, which was prevented from advancing by a high fence. The severe loss attending fighting at such odds soon cornpelled our men to give way, but a battery coming up on our left, anofher stand was necessary, and again was the regiment moved for~ ward until the battery had wheeled around and moved to the rear. At this moment a wound compelled me to relinquish the command to Captain Widdis, Major Chamberlain having been severely wounded some time before. I cannot praise t6o highly the conduct of both officers and men. It was all that could have been desired. Among the many brave, I would especially commend for coolness and courage Major Chamber- lain, Adjutant Ashurst, Lieutenants Sears, Chancellor (who lost his leg and has since died), Bell, Kilgore, Color-bearer [John] Pieffer, Sergeant [Duffy B.] Torbett, and Corporal [Roe] Reisinger. The regiment numbered, including 1~ officers, before the battle nearly 400 at roll-call; in the evening but 2 officers, 1 of those wounded, and 84 men were present. As far as I can learn, the number killed was about 60; the rest were wounded or captured. I am, your obedient servant, H. S. HUIDEKOPER, Lieut. Cot. One hundred and fiftieth Pennsylvania Vol~ Lieutenant DALGLIE5H, A. A. A. U., Second Brig., Third Div., First Corps. No. 68. Report of Capt. George W. Jones, One hundred and fiftieth Penn sylvania Infantry. CAMP NEAR BERLIN, MD., July 17, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to report that, on the 1st instant, this regi- ment was drawn into line of battle on the west side of Gettysburg, Pa., in front of the enemy, and ordered to divest themselves of everything but their guns, accouterments, haversacks, and canteens. This being done, Company B was detailed as skirmishers, who ad- vanced about one-half mile, and engaged the enemy for three-quar- ters of an honr, when the main body of the regiment became en- gaged, and did not retire until compelled to do so by the advance of a line of battle of the enemy, when they fell back to the main line of the regiment. After the skirmishers were sent out, the regiment advanced a short distance, and took advantage of a slight rise in the ground as a pro- tection against the enemys shells. Here the regiment lay for nearly three hours under a heavy fire of artillery, when the enemys line of battle advanced from the woods into the open field, and we were or- dered to advance to a fence on the highest ground in our front. The enemys line of infantry opened fire upon us as soon as we made our appearance, and we became hotly engaged for some time, when the enemys line was compelled to give way, and they fled in con- fusion. A second line advanced and met with the same fate. A third and much stronger line appeared in our front and on both flanks, which forced our flanks to retire, and we were ordered by you to fall back, which was done in good order, to a battery in our rear. Her Page 348 348 N. c., VA., W. ~ MD., PA., T~TO. [CHAP. XXXIX. we rallied, and engaged the enemy for a short time, when we again received the order to fall back, which was done through the second line of defenses on Cemetery Hill, and formed into line. Our ammu- nition being entirely exhausted, we were here supplied with 60 rounds of cartridges. On the 2d, we supported a battery until about 6 p. in., when we were ordered to the front and on the left of the Fifth Corps as pickets. We were ordered to advance our line ui}til we encountered the enemys line of pickets, which was done, and we exchanged a few shots and were ordered to fall back, bringing with us two guns and caissons. Our line of pickets was stationed about 600 yards in front of the defenses, and remained here until the morning of the 3d, when we were relieved by a line of ~skirmishers, and retired to the second line of defenses, under a heavy fire of shell from the enemys batteries. This command lay all day and night of the 3d under all the heavy cannonading of that memorable day. Inclosed is a statement of the casualties in this command. Officers and men. Commissioned officers 1 6 4 11 Enlisted men 28 141 80 249 Total* 29 147 84 260 Most respectfully, yours, G. W. JONES, Captain Company B, ~Jo~ndg. 150th Pennsylvania Vols. Colonel DANA, Comdg. Second Brig., Third Div., First Army lIorps. No. 69. Report of Brig. Gem. George J. Stannard, U. S. Army, command ing Third Brigade. HDQRS. THIRD BRIG., THIRD Div., FIRST ARMY CORPS, Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to report that the Second Vermont Brigade, under my command, marched from the line of the Defenses of Wash- ington, upon the Occoquan, on the 25th ultimo, under orders to report to Major-General Reynolds, commanding the First Army Corps. The brigade joined that corps at this place on the evening of July 1, after an exhausting march of seven days duration. The, distance marched averaged about 18 miles per day. The men marched well, with no straggling. Rain fell on every day of the seven, and consid- ering the condition of the roads, the distance traveled (from the mouth of Occoquan to Gettysburg) could not have been accomplished in less time. * But see revised statement, p. 174 Page 349 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 349 We reached the battle-ground in front of Gettysburg too late in the day to take part in the hard-contested battle of July 1, and my tired troops upon their arrival were placed in position in column by regi- ruents on the front line, in~ connection with the Third Army Corps. Before reaching the ground, the Twelfth Regiment, under command of Colonel Blunt, and Fifteenth Regiment, under command of Col- onel Proctor, were detailed, by order of General Reynolds, as guard to the wagon train of the corps in the rear. I was detailed, per order of Major-General Slocum, as general field officer, and met Major- General Meade, in company with Major-General Howard, near my command about 3 a. m. of the 2d instant. The Fifteenth Regiment rejoined the brigade in the morning, but was again ordered back on the same duty about noon. On the morning of the 2d instant, we were allowed to join the First Army Corps, and reported to Major-General Doubleday, agreeably to previous orders, and were placed in the rear of the left of Cemetery Hill. After the opening of the battle of July 2, the left wing of the Thirteenth Regiment, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Mun- son, was ordered forward as suppprt to a battery, and a company of the Sixteenth Regiment was sent as a support to the skirmishers in our front. While statiouing them, Capt. A. G. Foster, assistant in- spector-general of my staff, was seriously wounded by a ball through both legs, depriving me of his valuable services for the remainder of the battle. Just before dark of the same day, the lines of our army on the left center having become broken under a desperate charge of the enemy, my brigade was ordered up. The right wing of the Thirteenth Regi- ment, under Colonel Randall, was in the advance, and, upon reaching the break in the line, was granted by Major-General Hancock, com- manding upon the, spot, the privilege of making the effort to retake the guns of Company C, regular battery, which had just been cap- tured by the enemy. This they performed in a gallant charge, in which Colonel Randalls horse was shot under him. Four guns of the battery were retaken, and two rebel field pieces, with about 80 prisoners, were captured by five companies of the Thirteenth Regi- ment in this single charge. I placed the Sixteeuth, under command of Colonel Veazey, on picket, agreeably to orders, extending to the left of our immediate front. The front thus established was held by my brigade for twenty-six hours. At about 4 oclock on the morning of the 3d, the enemy commenced a vigorous artillery attack, which continued for a short time upon my position. During its continuance, I moved the Fourteenth, under command of Colonel Nichols, to the front of the main line about 75 yards, which was done at double-quick in good order. I then, with permission from my immediate commander, selected a position to occupy, if attacked with infantry, some distance in front of the main line. At about 2 p. m. the enemy again commenced a vigorous attack upon my position. After subjecting us for one and one-half hours to the severest cannonade of the whole battle, from one hundred guns or more, the enemy charged with a heavy column of infantry, at least one division, in close column by regiments. The charge was aimed directly upon my command, but owing apparently to the firm front shown them, the enemy diverged midway, and came upon the line on my right. But they did not thus escape the warm reception prepared for them by the Vermonters. During this charge the enemy suffere Page 350 350 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. [Ciiii.. XXXIX. from the fire of the Thirteenth and Fonrteenth, the range being short. At the commencement of the attack, I called the Sixteenth from the skirmish line, and placed them in close column by division in my im- mediate rear. As soon as the change of the point of attack became evident, I ordered a flank attack upon the enemys column. Forming in the open me~idow in front of our lines, the Thirteenth changed front forward on first company; the Sixteenth, after deploying, per- formed the same, and formed on the left of the Thirteenth, at right angles to the main line of our army, bringing them in line of battle upon the flank of the charging division of the enemy, and opened a destructive fire at short range, which the enemy sustained but a very few moments before the larger portion of them surrendered and marched innot as conquerors, but as captives. I then ordered the two regiments into their former position. The order was not filled when I saw another rebel column charging immediately upon our left. Colonel Veazey, of the Sixteenth, was at once ordered to attack it in its turn upon the flank. This was done as successfully as before. The rebel forces, already decimated by the fire of the Fourteenth Regiment, Colonel Nichols, were scooped almost en masse into our lines. The Sixteenth took in this charge the regimental colors of the Second Florida and Eighth Virginia Regiments, and the battle-flag of another regiment. The Sixteenth was supported in this new and ad- vanced position by four companies of the Fourteenth, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Rose. The movements I have briefly described were executed in the open field, under a very heavy fire of shell, grape, and musketry, and they were performed with the promptness and precision of battalion drill. They ended the contest in the center and substantially closed the battle. Officers and men behaved like veterans, although it was for most of them their first battle, and I am content to leave it to the witnesses of the fight whether or not they have sustained the credit of the service and the honor of our Green Mountain State. The members of my staffCapt. William H. Hill, assistant adju- tant-general; Lieuts. George W. Hooker and G. G. Benedict, aides- de-camp; Lieutenant [Francis G.] Clark, provost-marshal, and Lient. S. F. Prentiss, ordnance officerexecuted all my orders with the ut- most promptness, and by their coolness under fire and good example contributed essentially to the success of the day. There were 350 killed, wounded, and missing from my three regi- ments engaged; of the missing, only 1 is known to have been taken prisoner. I am, with much respect, your obedient servant, GEO. J. STANNARD, Brig. Gen. of Vols., Comdg. 3d Brig., 3d Div., 1st A. C. Lient. Col. C. KINGSBURY, Jr., Assistant Adjutant- General. ADDENDA. GENERAL ORDERS, HDQRS. THIRD Div., FIRST ARMY CORPS, No.. July 4, 1863. The major-general commanding the division desires to return his thanks to the Vermont Brigade, the One hundred and fifty-first Penn- sylvania Volunteers, and the Twentieth New York State Militia, for their gallant conduct in resisting, in the front line, the main attack of the enemy upon this position, after sustaining a terrific fire fro Page 351 CHAP. XXXIX.] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 351 seventy-five to one hundred pieces of artillery. He congratulates them upon contributing so essentially to the glorious and, it is to be hoped, the final victory of yesterday. By command of Major-General Doubleday: EDWARD C. BAIRD, Captain, and Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 70. Report of (Jot. Francis E Randall, Thirteenth Vermont Infantry. CAMP NEAR MIDDLETOWN, MD., July 10, 1863. GENERAL: In compliance with your request, I make the following report of the part taken by my regiment (Thirteenth Vermont) July 1, 2, and 3 instant: Prior to June 24, my regiment was doing picket duty on the Oc- coquan River, from Occoquan Bay to near Wolf Run Shoals, head- quarters near the village of Occoquan. The balance of our brigade (Second Vermont Brigade) was stationed at or near Union Mills. On the evening of June 24, I received orders to call in my pickets and join the brigade at Centreville, which I did on June 25. The brigade consisted of the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Vermont Regiments, commanded by Brig. Gen. George J. Stannard. The brigade then marched to Gettysburg, arriving there on July 1, at about 5 p. m. My regiment, with the Fourteenth and Sixteenth, took position on Cemetery Hill, in rear of our line of battle, made up of the First and Eleventh Corps. On the morning of the 2d, we occupied substantially the same posi- tion until about2 p.m., when I was ordered to advance five of my companies, under Lieutenant-Colonel Munson, to support a battery in our front. Soon after this, I was ordered to advance the balance of my regiment a little to the front and to the left of our former posi- tion, which brought us nearly in rear of the right of the Second Corps. This took me entirely out of the line occupied by the rest of our bri- gade, and I received no further orders from our brigade headquarters during the remainder of that day. A heavy fight was going on in our front, in which the Second and Third Corps were engaged, and we received some injury from the artillery fire of the rebels without being able to engage in the fight. At this tir~e an officer, whom I did not know at the moment, but who proved to be General Doubleday, came galloping over the hill from General Hancocks position, and approached my regiment. After having found what regiment we were, and making a few inspiriting remarks to my men, he directed me to take my regiment in the direction from which he had come, and re~Vort to General Hancock, whom I would find there, and hard presse , and he said he feared he would lose his artillery or some of it before I could get the