TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 12 (Part II) AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1885 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B Title Page Page 1 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIE8~ PREPARED, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR,. By Ideut. CoL ROBERT N. BOOTT, Third U. B. Artillery, AND PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED JUNE 16, 18SQ~ SERIES IVOLUME XIIIN THREE PARTS. PART 11.REPORTS. - WASHLNGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPPIQE. 1885. Page 2 ( Page 3 CHAPTER XXIV. OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIR GINIA, AND MARYLAND. March 17September 2, 1862. PART II. BE1~OBTSJune 26-September 2, 1862. SUMMARY OF TIlE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. June 26, 1862.The Mountain Department, Department of the Rappahannock, and Department of the Shenandoah merged into the Army of Virginia. Maj. Gen. John Pope, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Army of Virginia. Maj. Gens. N. P. Banks and Irvin McDowell, U. S. Army, assume command of the Second and Third Corps, Army of Virginia. 29, 1862.Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel, U.S. Army, sesumes command of the First Corps, Army of Virginia. Affair at Moorefield, W.Va. 2930, 1862.Reconnaissance from Front Royal to Luray, Va., and skirmish. July 1, 1562.Skirmish near Fort Furnace, Powells Big Fort Valley, Va. 2, 1862.Reconnaissance up Powells Big Fort Valley, Va. 1217, 1862.Reconnaissance to Culpeper, Orange. and Madison Court-Houses, Va. 13, 1862.Jacksons forces advance from Hanover Court-House upon Gor- donsville, Va. Skirmish at Rapidan Station, Va. 15, 1862.Skirmish at Orange Court-House, Va. Skirmish near Middletown, Va. 17, 1862.~-Skirmish near Gordonsville, Va. 1920, 1862.Expedition from Fredericksburg to Beaver Dam $tation, Va. 21, 1862.Occupation of Luray, Va. 22, 1862.Affair at Verdon, Va. Recounaissancesfrom Lurayto Columbia Bridge and White House Ford, Va. 22-24, 1862.Reconnaissance to James City and Madison Court-House, Va. 23, 1862.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck assumes command of the Armies of the United States. * Of some of the minor conflicts noted in this Summary no circumstantial reports are on file. 1 R RVOL XIII PT II Page 4 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [Cuir. XXIV. 4 July 23, 1862.Skirmishes near Carmel Church, Va. 24-26, 1862.Reconnaissance fromFredericksbflrg toward Orange C. H., Va. Scout in Wyoming County. W. Va. 25, 1862.Affair at Summerville, W. Va. 26, 1862.Reconnaissance toward Orange Court-House, Va. 27, 1862.Skirmish at Flat Top Mountain, W. Va. 28, 1862.Reconnaissance from Culpeper to Raccoon Ford, Va. 29, 1862.Operations about Orange Court-House, Va. Aug. 1, 1862.Skirmish at Barnetts Ford, Va. 2, 1862.Skirmish at Orange Court-House, Va. 2 5, 1862.Scout from Meadow Bluff to the Greenbrier River, W. Va. 2 8, 1862.Operations about Wyoming Court-House, W. Va. 3, 1862.Skirmish on Greenbrier River, W. Va. 4 8, 1862.Stuarts Expedition from Hanover Court-House to the vicinity of Fredericksburg, Va. 5, 1862.Skirmish at Thornburg, or Massaponax Church, Va. Skirmish at Wyoming Court-House, W. Va. 5 8, 1862.Expedition from Fredericksburg to Frederick.s Hall Station, with skirmishes. 6, 1862.Action at Thornbnrg, or Massaponax Church, Va. Skirmish at Beech Creek, W. Va. Skirmish at Packs Ferry, New River, W. Va. 7, 1862.Skirmish at Woiftown, Va. 8, 1862.Skirmish near Slaughters House, Va. Action near Madison Court-House, Va. 9, 1862.Battle of Cedar Run, or Cedar (or Slaughter) Mountain, Va. 10, 1862.Skirmish at Cedar Run, Va. 11, 1862.Jacksons corps retires to the vicinity of Gordonaville, Va. 13, 1862.Orders issued for movement of the Army of Northern Virginia from the Peninsula to Gordonsville, Va. Reconnaissance toward Orange Court-House, Va., and skirmish. 1314, 1862.Skirmishes at Blue Stone, W. Va. 15-16, 1862.Expedition from Fredericksburg to Port Royal, Va. 16, 1862.Skirmish at Wire Bridge, W. Va. 16September 2, 1862.Campaign in Northern Virginia. 18, 1862.Skirmish at Huttonsville, W. Va. 22-September 19, 1862.Jenkins expedition in West Virginia and Ohio. 23, 1862.Skirmish at Moorefleld, W. Va. Capture of train between Harpers Ferry and Winchester. Affair at Smithfield, Va. GENERAL REPORTS, ETC. No. 1.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, U. S. Army, Ger~eral-in-Chief, of operations July 23-September 12. No. 2.Maj. Gen. John Pope, U. S. Army, of the operations of the Army of Virginia, June 26September 2, with orders and correspondence. No. 3.Brig. Gen. George D. Bayard, U. S. Army, of operations July 21-September 2. No. 1. Extract from report of Al7aj. Gen. Henry TV. Jialleck, U. IS. Army, Gen eral-in-Chief, of operations July 23September 12. IIDQRS. OF THE AR1\IY, Washington, Nov. 25,1862. SIR: In compliance with your orders I have the honor to submit the following report of military operations since the 23d of July last, when Page 5 CITAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 5 in compliance with the Presidents order of July 11, I assumed the command of the Army as General-in-Chief. The first thing to which my attention was called on my arrival here was the condition of the army at Harrisons Landing, on the James River. I immediately visited General McClellans headquarters for consnlta tion. I left Washington on the 24th and returned on the 27th. The main object of this consultation was to ascertain .if there was a possibility of an advance upon Richmond from Harrisons Landing, and, if not, to form some plan of uniting the armies of General McClel- lan and General Pope on some other line. Not being familiar with the position and numbers of the troops in Virginia and on the coast, I took the Presidents estimate of the largest number of re.euforcements that could then be sent to the Army of the Potomac. On the day of my arrival at Harrisons Landing General McClellan was of opinion that he would require at least 50,000 additional troops. I informed him that this number could not possibly be sent; that I was not authorized to promise him over 20,000, and that I could not well see how even that number could be safely withdrawn from other places. He took the night for considering the matter, and informed me next morning that he would make the attempt upon Richmond with the additional 20,000; but immediately on my return to Washington he telegraphed that he would require 33,000a force which it was impos. sible to send him without leaving Washington and Baltimore almost defenseless. The only alternative now left was to withdraw the Army of the Potomac to some position where it could unite with that of Gen- eral Pope, and cover Washington at the same time that it operated against the enemy. After full consultation with my officers I deter- mined to attempt this junction on the Rappahannock by bringing Mc- Clellans forces to Aquia Creek. Accordingly, on the 30th of July, I telegraphed to him to send away his sick as quickly as possible, pre- paratory to a movement of his troo.ps. This was preliminary to the withdrawal of his entire army, which was ordered by telegraph on the 3d of August. In order that the transfer to Aquia Creek might be made as rapidly as possible, I authorized General McClellan to assume control of all vessels iii the James River and Chesapeake Bay, of which there was then a vast fleet. The Quartermaster-General was also requested to send to that point all the transports that could be procured. On the 5th I received a protest from General McClellan, dated the 4th, against the removal of the army from Harrisons Landing; a copy of which is annexed, marked Exhibit No. 1, with my reply on the 6th, marked Exhibit No. 2. On the 1st of August I ordered General Burnside to immediately embark his troops at INewport News, transfer them to Aquia Creek, and take position opposite Fredericksburg. This officer moved with great promptness, and reached Aquia Creek on the night of the 3d. His troops were immediately landed and the transports sent back to General McClellan. About this time I received information that the enemy was preparing a large force to drive back General Pope and attack either Washington or Baltimore. The information was so direct and reliable that I could not doubt its correctness. This gave me serious uneasiness for the safety of the capital and Maryland, and I repeatedly urged upon Gen- eral McClellan the necessity of promptly moving his army so as to form a junction with that of General Pope. The evacuation of Harrison Page 6 6 OPERATIONS IN K. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. Landing, however, was not commenced till the 14th, eleven days after it was ordered. Greatly discouraged at the prospect of timely aid from that quarter, I authorized General Pope to order the main forces of General Cox in Western Yirginia with all possible dispatch by railroad to join him via Washington. To facilitate the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac from the Peninsula and gain time by a demonstration against the enemy, General Pope pushed his forces across the IRappahannock, occupied Ciilpeper, and threatened Gordonsville. Jacksons and Ewells forces were hur- ried to the Rapidan, and on the 9th of August encountered Banks corps at Cedar Mountain. A hard-fought battle ensued, and on the arrival of re-enforcements from the corps of McDowell and Sigel the enemy fell back upon the Bapidan and Gordonsville. On the 15th our cavalry surprised a party of the enemy near Louisa Court.llouse and captured important dispatches, showing that Lee was moving by forced marches the main body of the rebel army to attack Pope before a junction could be formed between him and the Army of the Potomac. On the 16th I telegraphed to General Pope not to cross the Rapidan, and advised him to take position in rear of the Itappahannock, where he could be more easily re-enforced. He commenced this movement on the 17th, and by the morning of the 18th had most of his forces behind that river, prepared to hold its passes as long as possible. He had been re-enforced by Kings division and a part of Burnsides corps, under General iReno, from Fredericksburg. I also directed General Burnside to occupy Richards and Barnetts Fords, which were between him and General Popes main army. The enemy made several attempts to cross at different points on the Rappahannock, but was always repulsed, and our troops succeeded in holding the line of this river for eight days. It was hoped that during this time sufficient forces from the Army of the Potomac would reach Aquia Creek to enable us to prevent any farther advance of Lee, and eventually with the combined armies to drive him back upon Richmond. On the 24th he made a flank movement, and crossed a portion of his forces at Waterloo Bridge, about 12 miles above the Rappahannock Railroad Station. Pope directed an attack upon the forces which had crossed the river, hoping to cut them off, but the enemy escaped with no great loss. The annexed telegram from General Pope, marked Exhibit No. 3, dated the 25th, gives his views of the condition of affairs at that date. The enemy, however, had not fallen back, as he supposed, but on being repulsed at Waterloo Bridge had moved farther up the river and entered the valley which lies between the Blue Ridge and Bull Run Mountains. The object of this movement was evidently to get in Popes rear and cut off his supplies from Washington. An- ticipating this danger, I had telegraphed to General Pope on the 23d, By no means expose your railroad communication with Alexandria; it is of the utmost importance in sending you supplies and re-en- forcements. On the 26th 1 telegraphed, If possible to attack the enemy in flank, do so; but the main object now is to ascertain his position. From this time till the 30th I had no communication with General Pope, the telegraph lines being cut at Kettle Run by a part of Jack- sons corps under Ewell, which had marched around Popes right and attacked his rear. Finding it doubtful whether we could hold th Page 7 Ca& ~. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 7 Rappahannock long enough to effect the junction of the two armies, I had directed a part of the Peninsula forces to land at Alexandria and move out by railroad as rapidly as possible. As soon as I heard that the enemy had turned General Popes right flank and forced him to change his front I ordered the remainder of the Army of the Potomac to Alexandria, and directed General Burnside to prepare to evacuate Fredericksburg and Aquia Creek. I determined however to hold this position as long as possible for a base of fature operations General Popes dispositions at this juncture were well planned. The corps of McDowell and Sigel, and the Pennsylvania Reserves, under Reynolds, were pushed forward to Gainesville. Reno and Kearny were directed upon Greenwich, while Hookers division was sent against Ewell along the railroad. Unfortunately, however, the movement was too late, as a large detachment of Lees army was already east of Thor- oughfare Gap. Hooker encountered the enemy near Kettle Run, and a sharp engage- ment ensued. This gallant division drove Ewell a distance of 5 miles, the enemy leaving their dead and many of their wounded on the field. As McDowell, Sigel, and Reynolds had reached their positions, there was now every prospect that Jackson would be destroyed before re-en- forcements could come to his relief. On the evening of the 27th Gen- eral Pope ordered General Porter to be at Bristoe Station by daylight on the morning of the 28th, with Morell, and also directed him to com- municate to Banks the order to move forward to Warrenton Junction. All trains were ordered this side of Cedar Run, and to be protected by a regiment of infantry and a section of artillery. For some unex- plained reasons Porter did not comply with this order, and his corps was not in the battles of the 28th and 29th. Heintzelmaus corps pressed forward to Manassas on the morning of the 28th, and forced Jackson to retreat across Bull Run, by the Centre- vile turnpike. McDowell had succeeded in checking Lee at Thorough- fare Gap, but the latter took the road from Hopewell to New Market and hastened to the relief of Jackson, who was already in rapid retreat. A portion of McDowells corps encountered the retreating column on the afternoon of the 28th near the Warrenton turnpike, and a severe but successful engagement ensued. Jackson was again attacked on the 29th, near the old battle-ground of July, 1861. Knowing that Long- street was not distant, he made a most desperate stand. The fight con- finned nearly all day, and was terminated only by darkness. We had gained considerable ground, but nothing was decided wheu the battle closed. It was renewed the next morning, and after another days hard fighting our forces fell back behind Bull Run, the enemy not attempting any pursuit. Two days later, however, he threw a con- siderable force between Chantilly and Germantown, to turn Popes right. Hooker dislodged them, after a short but severe engagement, in which Brigadier-Generals Kearny and Stevens, two of our very best oflicers, were killed. Popes army had been re-enforced by the corps of Franklin and Sumner, and no further apprehensions were felt for its safety. During the operations of the previous week, of which we received very favorable but not reliable accounts, every effort was made to push forward supplies and re-enforcements to General Popes army. The troops from the Peninsula were ordered not to wait for transportation, but to march immediately to the field of battle. Some of the corp Page 8 S OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHIP. XXIV. ~moved with becoming activity, but the delays of others were neither ~ereditable nor excusable. Our losses in these battles were very heavy both in life and materi- als, but as no official reports have been received, except a brief sketch from General Pope, marked Exhibit No. 4~~ I have no means of ascer- taining their extent. General Pope was transferred to another depart- ment before the reports of his subordinates could be received. Probably they will soon be handed in. Most of the troops actually engaged in these battles fought with great bravery, but some of them could not be brought into action at all. Many thousand straggled away from their .commands, and it is said that not a few voluntarily surrendered to the enemy, so as to be paroled as prisoners of war. In order to reorganize the different corps, get the stragglers back into their ranks, and to supply deficiencies of ammunition, clothing, & c., -caused by recent losses, General Pope requested and received directions to bring his army within the defenses of Washington, which were then ~under the command of General McClellan. This movement was exe- ~uted on the night of the 3d without loss. General Pope, being now ~second in command of the united forces, applied to be relieved, and was transferred to another department. AithQugh this short and active campaign was, from causes already i~eferred to, less successful than we had reason to expect, it had accom- plished the great and important object of covering the capital till troops ~could be collected for its defense. Had the Army of the Potomac arrived a few days earlier, the rebel army could have been easily de- feated, and perhaps destroyed. Seeing that an attack upon Washington would now be futile, Lee ~uslied his main army across the Potomac for a raid into Maryland and iPennsylvania. General McClellan was directed to pursue him with all The troops which were not required for the defense of Washington. .Several corps were immediately thrown out in observation at IDarnes- town, iRockville, and Leesburg, and most of his army was in motion by the 5th of September. A portion of it entered Frederick on the 12th. * * * * * * * Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. lion. E. M. STANTON, & cretary of War. [Exhibit No. 1.] BERKELEY, VA., August 412 m. Major-General HALLECK, Commander-in- Chief: Your telegram of last evening is received. I must confess that it ~ias caused me the greatest pain I ever experienced, for I am convinced that the order to withdraw this army to Aquia Creek will prove disas- t~rous in the extreme to our cause. I fear it will be a fatal blow. Sev- cral days are necessary to complete the preparations for so important a movement as this, and while they are in progress 1 beg that careful consideration may be given to my statement. This army is now in See report of September 3, p. T12 Page 9 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 9 excellent discipline and condition. We hold a d6bouchJ on both banks of the James River, so that we are free to act in any direction, a~nd with the assistance of the gunboats I consider our communications as now secure. We are 25 miles from Richmond, and are not likely to meet the enemy in force snfficient to fight a battle nntil we have marched 15 or 18 miles w Richmond. , hich brings ns practically within 10 miles of Our largest line of land transportation would be from this point 25 miles. We can supply the army by water during its advance certainly to within 12 miles of Richmond. At Aquia Creek we would be 75 miles from Richmond, with land transportation all the way. From here to Fort Monroe is a march of about 70 miles, for I regard it as impractica- ble to withdraw this army and its material except by land. The result of the movement would thus be to march 145 miles to reach a point now only 25 miles distant and to deprive ourselves entirely of the powerful aids of the gunboats and water transportation. Add to this the certain demoralization of this army which would ensue, the terribly depressing effect upon the people of the North, and the strong probability that it would influence foreign powers to recognize our adversaries, and these appear to me sufficient reasons to make it my imperative duty to urge, in the strongest terms afforded by our language, that this order may be rescinded and that, far from recalling this army, it be promptly re-en- forced, to enable it to resnme the offensive. It may be said that there are no re-enforcements available. I point to General Bnrnsides forces; to that of General Pope, not necessary to maintain a strict defense in front of Washington and Harpers Ferry; to those portions of the Army of the West not required for a strict defense there. Here, directly in front of this army, is the heart of the rebellion. It is here that our resources should be collected to strike the blow which will determine the fate of this nation. All points of secondary impor- tance elsewhere shonld be abandoned and every available man brought here. A decided victory here, and the military strength of the rebell- ion is crushed. It matters not what partial reverses we may meet with elsewhere; here is the true defense of Washington. It is here on the bank of the James River that the fate of the Union should be decided. Clear in my convictions of right, strong in the consciousness that I have ever been and still am actuated solely by love of my country, knowing that no ambitious or selfish motives have influenced me from the com- mencement of this war, I do now what I never did in my life before, I entreat that this order may be rescinded. If my counsel does not prevail I will with a sad heart obey your orders to the utmost of my power, devoting to the movementone of the utmost delicacy and diffi- cultywhatever skill I may possess, whatever the result may be, and may God grant that I am mistaken in my forebodings. I shall at least have the internal satisfaction that I have written and spoken frankly, and have sought to do the best in my power to avert disaster fi-om my country. GEO. B. MCCLELLAN, Major- General. [Exhibit No. 2.] WASHINGTON, August 0, 1862. Major-General MCCLELLAN, Gommanding, Berkeley, Va.: GENERAL: Your telegram of yesterday was received this morning, and I immediately telegraphed a brief reply, promising to write yo Page 10 10 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. more fully by mail. You, general, certainly could not have been more pained at receiving my order than I was at the necessity of issuing it. I was advised b~ high officers, in whose judgment I had great confi- dence, to make the order immediately on my arrival here, but I deter- mined not to do so until I could learn your wishes from a personal interview, and even after that interview 1 tried every means in my power to avoid withdrawing your army, and delayed my decision as long as I dared to delay it. I assure you, general, it was not a hasty and inconsiderate act, but one that caused me more anxious thought than any other of my life. But after full and mature consideration of~ all the pros and cons, I was reluctantly forced to the conciusion that the order must be issued. There was to my mind no alternative. Allow me to allude to a few facts in the case. You and your officers at our interview estimated the enemys forces in and around Richmond at 200,000 men. Since then you and others report that they have re- ceived and are receiving large re.enforcements from the South. General Popes army now covering Washington is only 40,000. Your effective force is only about 90,000. You are 30 miles from Richmond and Gen- eral Pope 80 or 90, with the enemy directly between you, ready to fall with his superior numbers upon one or the other, as he may elect. Neither can re-enforce the other in case of such an attack. If General Popes army be diminished to re-enforce you, Washington, Maryland, and Pennsylvania would be left uncovered and exposed. if your force be reduced to strengthen Pope, you would be too weak to even hold the position you now occupy should the enemy turn around and attack you in full force. In other words, the Army of the Potomac is split into two parts, with the entire force of the enemy directly between them. They cannot be united by land without exposing both to destruction, and yet they must be united. To send Popes forces by water to the Peninsula is, under present circumstances, a military impossibility. The only alternative is to send the forces on the Peninsula to some point by water, say Fredericksburg, where the two armies can be united. Let me now allude to some of the objections which you have urged. You say that to withdraw from the present position will cause the cer- tain demoralization of the army, which is now in excellent discipline and condjtion. I cannot understand why a simple change of position to a new, and by no means distant, base will demoralize an army in excellent discipline, unless the officers themselves assist in that demor alization, which I am satisfied they will not. Your change of front from your extreme right at Hanover Court-House to your presei~t position was over 30 miles, but I have not heard that it demoralized your troops, notwithstanding the severe losses they sustained in effect- ing it. A new base on the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg brings you within about 60 miles of Richmond, and secures a re-enforcement of 40,000 or 50,000 fresh and disciplined troops. The change with such advantages will, I think, if properly represented to your army, encour- age rather than demoralize your troops. Moreover, you yourself sug- gested that a junction might be effected at Yorktown, but that a flank march across the Peninsula would be more hazardons than to retire to Fort Monroe. You will remember that Yorktown is 2 or 3 miles farther from Richmond than Fredericksburg is. Besides, the latter is between Richmond and Washington, and covers Washington from any attack by the enemy. The political effect of the withdrawal may~at first be unfavorable, but I think the public are beginning to understand its necessity, an Page 11 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 11 that they will have much more confidence in a united army than in its separate fragments. But you will reply, why not re-enforce me here, so that I can strike Richmond from my present position? To do this you said at our inter- view that you required 50,000 additional troops. I told you that it was impossible to give you so many. You finally thought you would have some chance of success with 20,000. But you afterward telegraphed to me that you would require 35,000, as the enemy was being largely re- enforced. If your estimate of the enemys strength was correct, your requisition was perfectly reasonable, but it was utterly impossible to fill it until new troops could be enlisted and organized, which would require several weeks. To keep your army in its present position until it could be so re-enforced would almost destroy it in that climate. The months of August and September are almost fatal to whites who live on that part of James River. And even after you got the re-enforcements asked for, you admitted that you must reduce Fort Darling and the river batteries before you could advance on Richmond. It is by no means certain that the reduc- tion of these fortifications would not require considerable time, perhaps as much as those at Yorktown. This delay might not only be fatal to the health of your army, but in the mean time General Popes forces would be exposed to the heavy blows of the enemy, without the slightest hope of assistance from you. In regard to the demoralizing effect of a withdrawal from the Penin- sula to the Rappahannock, I must remark that a large number of your highest officers, indeed a majority of those whose opinions have beeu reported to me, are decidedly in favor of the movement. Even several of those who originally advocated the line of the Peninsula now advise its abandonment. I have not inquired and do not desire to know by whose advice or for what reasons the Army of the Potomac was separated into two parts, with the enemy between them. I must take things as I find them. I find the forces divided and I wish to unite them. Only one feasible plan has been presented for doing this. If you or any one else had presented a better one I certainly should have adopted it, but all of your plans require re-enforcements, which it is impossible to give you. It is very easy to ask for re-enforcements, but it is not so easy to give them when you have no disposable troops at your command. I have written very plainly as I understand the case,andJhopeyo~ will give me credit for having considered the matter, although I may have arrived at different conclusions from your own. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. [Exhibit No. 3.] HEADQUARTERS ARa~n~ OF VIRGINIA, August 259 p. m. Major-General HALLECK, Gommander-in- Chief: The column of the enemy alluded to in my dispatch of 12.30 p. m. to-day passed Gaines Cross-Roads, and when last seen, near sunset, was passing to the northeast, under the east base of Buck Mountain, in the direction of Salem and Rectortowii. I am inclined ~to believe that this column is only covering the flank of the main body, which is movin Page 12 12 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. toward Front Royal and Thorntons Gap, though of this I am not cer- tain. I shall push a strong reconnaissance across the river at Waterloo Bridge and Sulphur Springs early in the morning, to ascertain whether the main body of the enemy has really left, and, if so, to push forward on their rear. There is certainly no force opposite iRappahannock Station. MclDowells is the only corps that is at all reliable that I have. Sigel, as you know, is perfectly unreliable, and 11 suggest that some officer of superior rank be sent to command his army corps. His conduct to-day has occasioned me great dissatisfaction. Banks corps is very weak, not amounting to more than 5,000 men, and much demoralized.* Kearnys division is the only one that has yet reached me from Alex- andria. I shall at all events push MeiDowells corps and Kearnys divis- ion upon the enemys rear, if I find my suspicions confirmed in the morning. I shall also put Reno across the river at Rappahannock Station and direct him to move forward cautiously upon Culpeper. Banks corps must be. left somewhere in the rear, to be sent up again. Sigels corps, although composed of some of the best fighting material we have, will never do much service under that officer. I will communicate further with you in the morning. JNO. POPE, Afajor- General. No. 2. Reports of Maj. Gen. John Pope, U. S. Army, of the operations of the Army of Virginia June 26September 2, with orders and correspondence. HEADQUARTERS ARi~IY OF VIRGINIA, September 3, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following brief sketch of the operations of this army since August 9: I moved from Sperryville, Little Washington, and Warrenton with the corps of Banks and Sigel and one division of McDowells corps, numbering in all 32,000 men, to meet the enemy, who had crossed the Rapidan and was advancing on Culpeper. The movement toward Gordonsville had completely succeeded in drawing off a large force from Richmond and in relieving the Army of the Potomac from much of the danger which threatened its with- drawal from the Peninsula. The action of August 9 at Cedar Mountain with the forces under Jackson, which compelled his retreat across the Rapidan, made neces- sary still further re-enforcements of the enemy from Richmond, and by this time, it being apparent that the Army of the Potomac was evacu- ating the Peninsula, the whole force of the enemy concentrated aroand Richmond was pushed forward with great rapidity to crush the Army of Virginia before the forces evacuating the Peninsula could be united with it. I remained at Cedar Mountain and still threatened to cross the Rapidan until August 17, by which time General Robert E. Lee had assembled in my front, and within 8 miles nearly the whole of the rebel army. As soon as I ascertained this fact, and knew that the Army of the Potomac was no longer in danger, I (Irew back my whole force ~See Pope to Halleck, December 3, 1862, in Correspondence, etc., Part III Page 13 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 13 across the iRappahannock on the night of the 17th and day of the 18th without loss of any kind, and one day in advance of Lees proposed movement against me. The enemy immediately appeared in my front at iRappahannock Station and attempted to pass the river at that bridge and the numerous fords above and below, but without success. The line of the Upper IRappahannock, which I had been ordered to hold, that the enemy might be delayed long enough in his advance upon Washington to enable the forces from the Peninsula to land and effect a junction with me, was very weak, as it could be crossed at almost any point above the railroad bridge by good fords. By con- stant vigilance and activity, and much severe fighting for three days, the enemy was gradually forced around from the railroad crossing to Waterloo Bridge, west of Warreuton. Mean time my force had been much diminished by actual loss in battle and by fatigue and exposure, so that, although I had been joined by a detachment under General IReno and the other division of McDowells corps, my force barely-numbered 40,000 men. - On the 22d a heavy rain fell, which rendered the fords of the river impassable for twenty-four hours. As soon as I discovered this, I con- centrated my forces and marched rapidly upon Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge to drive back the forces of the enemy which had suc- ceeded in crossing at those points. This was successfully done and the bridges destroyed. I passed one day, or rather part of one, at Warrenton and beyond. The enemy still continued to move slowly around along the river, mask- ing every ford with artillery and heavy forces of infantry, so that it was impossible for me to attack him, even with the greatly inferior forces under my command, without passing the river over fords strongly guarded ih the face of very superior numbers. The movement of Jackson toward White Plains and in the direction of Thoroughfare Gap while the main body of the enemy confronted me at Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge was well known to me, but I relied confidently upon the forces which I had been assured would be sent from Alexandria, and one strong division of which I had or- dered to take post in the works at Manassas Junction. I was entirely under the belief that these would be there, and it was not until I found my commnnic~itions intercepted that I was undeceived. I knew that this movement was no raid, and that it was made by not less than 25,000 men under Jackson. By this time the army corps of lleintzelman, about 10,000 strong, had reached Warrenton Junction, one division of it, I think, on the day of the raid; but they came without artillery, with only 40 rounds of ammunition to the man, without wagons, and even the field and gen- eral officers without horses. Fitz John Porter also arrived at Bealeton Station, near iRappahan. nock, with one of his divisions (4,500 strong), while his other divisions were still at Barnetts and Kellys Fords. I directed that corps (about 8,500 strong) to concentrate immediately at Warrenton Junction, where Heintzelman already was. This was accomplished on the evening of the 26th. As soon as it became known to me that Jackson was on the railroad it became apparent that the Upper Rappahannock was no longer tenable. I could not detach a sufficient force to meet Jackson and at the same time attempt to con- front the main body of the enemy. I accordingly at once evacuated Warrenton and Warrenton Junction, directing McDowell with his own corps and Sigels and the division of Reynolds to march rapidly by th Page 14 14 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. turnpike upon Gainesville, so as to intercept any re.enforcements com- ing to Jackson through Thoroughfare Gap, and instructing Ileno, with his command, and Kearny, with one division of Heintzelmans, to march on Greenwich, so as to support McDowell in case of necessity. With Hookers division, of Heintzelmans corps, I moved back along the rail- road upon Manassas Junction. Near Kettle Run Hooker came upon the advance of Ewells division in the afternoon of the 27th. A severe action took place, which terminated at dark, Ewell being driven from the field with the loss of his camp and 300 killed and wounded. The unfortunate oversight of not bringing more than 40 rounds of ammunition became at once alarming. At night-fall Hooker had but about 5 rounds to the man left. As soon as I learned this, I sent back orders to Fitz John Porter to march with his corps at 1. oclock that night, so as to be with Hooker at daylight in the morning. The distance was only 9 miles, and he received the dispatch at 9.50 oclock, but did not reach the ground until after 10 oclock next morning. He can prob- ably explain better than I can the reason of this delay. Fortunately Hooker had handled the enemy so severely the evening before and the movement of McDowell had begun to be so apparent that the enemy, fearful of being surrounded, had retired precipitately from Manassas Junction, directing his retreat through Centreville, as McDowell, Reno, and Kearny had made the road through Gainesville impracticable. I iinmcdiately pushed forward to Manassas and thence to Centreville, which was occupied by Kearny that night only a few hours after the enemy had left it. Reno had reached Manassas Junction and Fitz John Porterwas immediately ordered up from Broad Run, where he had stopped. McDowelPs movement, conducted with vigor and speed, had been completely successful, the enemy being intercepted at Gaines- ville and part of his forces driven through Thoroughfare Gap. With Kings division and Sigels corps McDowell continued his march along the turnpike toward Centreville, leaving Ricketts, with his division, in observation of Thoroughfare Gap. Late in the evening of the 28th McDowells advance (Gibbons bri- gade) met the force of Jackson retiring from Centreville and about 6 miles west of that place. A very sharp skirmish took place, ended by the (larkuess, in which the brigade of Gibbon behaved very hand- somely and suffered heavy loss. Sigel was close at hand with his corps, but did not join the action. I instructed Kearny to move forward at early day-dawn from Centreville toward Gainesville, closely followed by Hooker and Reno, and engage the enemy thus placed between Mc- Dowell and Sigel on the west, Heintzehnan and Reno on the east, and Fitz John Porter on the south. I also instructed F. J. Porter, with his own corps and Kings division of McDowells corpswhich had for some reason fallen back from the Warrenton turnpike toward Manas- sas Junctionto move at daylight in the morning upon Gainesville along the Manassas Gap Railroad until they communicated closely with the forces under Heintzelman and Sigel, cautioning them nQt to go farther than was necessary to effect this junction, as we might be obliged to retire behind Bull Rnn that night for subsistence, if nothing else. Heintzelman marched early from Centreville toward Gainesville, closely followed by Reno. Meantime, shortly after daylight, Sigel, and Reynolds division of McDowells corps, had become engaged with the enemy, who was brought to a stand, and he was soon joined by Heintzelman and Reno, and the whole line became actively engaged. sorter marched as di- rected, followed by Kings division, which was by this time joined b Page 15 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 15 Ricketts division, which had been forced back from Thoroughfare Gap by the heavy forces of the enemy advancing to support Jackson. As soon as I found that the enemy had been brought to a halt and was being vigorously attacked along Warrenton turnpike I sent orders to McDowell to advance rapidly on our left and attack the enemy on his flank, extending his right to meet Reynolds left, and to Fitz John Porter to keep the right well closed on McDowells left and to attack the enemy in flank and rear while he was pushed in front. This would have made the line of battle of McDowell and Porter at right angles to that of the other forces engaged. The action raged furiously all day, McDowell, although previously in rear of Porter, bringing his whole corps on the field in the afternoon and taking a conspicuous part in that days operations. To my surprise and disappointment I received late in the afternoon from Porter a note saying that his advance had met the enemy on the flank in some force, and that he was retiring upon Manassas Junction, without attacking the enemy or coming to the assistance of our other forces, although they were engaged in a furious action only 2 miles distant and in full hearing of him. A portion of his force fell back toward Manassas, and he remained, as he afterward informed me, where he was, looking at the enemy daring the whole of the afternoon of Friday and part of Friday night passing down in plain view to re- enforce the troops under Jackson without an effort to prevent it or to assist us. One, at least, of his brigades, under General Griffin, got around to Centreville and remained there during ~he whole of the next days battle without coining on the field, though in full view of it, while General Griffin himself spent the day in making ill-natured strictures upon the general commanding (see paper marked D) the action in the presence of a promiscuous assemblage. Darkness closed the action on Friday, the enemy being driven back from his position by lleintzelmans corps and Reno, concluded by a furious attack along the turnpike by Kings division, of McDowells corps, leaving his dead and wounded on the field. I do not hesitate to say that if the corps of Porter had attacked the enemy on the flank on the afternoon of Friday, as he had my written order (marked B) to do, we should have crushed Jacksou before the forces under Lee could have reached him. Why he did not do so I cannot understand. Our men, much worn down by hard service and continuous fighting for niany days previous, aud very short of provisions, rested on their arms. Our horses had had no forage for two days. I had telegraphed and written urgently for rations and forage to be sent us, but on Satur- day morning before the action was resumed I received a letter (marked A) from General Franklin, written the day previous at Alexandria, stating to me that he had been directed by General McClellan to in- form me that rations and forage for my command would be loaded into the cars and available wagdns as soon as I wouki send a cavalry escort to Alexandria to bring them up. All hope of being able to maintain my position, whether victorious or not, vanished with this letter. My cavalry was utterly broken down by long and constant service in the face of the enemy, and, bad as they were, could not be spared from the front, even [ifj there had been time to go back 30 miles to Alex- andria and await the loading of trains. At the time this letter was written Alexandria was swarming with troops and my whole army interposed between that place and the enemy. I at once understood that we must, if possible, finish what we had to do that day, as nigh Page 16 16 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. l~CnAr. XXIV. must see us behind Bull Run if we wished to save men and animals from starvation. On Friday night I sent a peremptory order (marked C) to General Porter to bring his command on the field and report to me in person within three hours after he received the order. A portion he brought up, but, as I before stated, one of his brigades remained the whole day at Centreville and was not in the engagement. The enemys heavy re-enforcements having reached him on Friday afternoon and night, he began to mass on his right for the purpose of crushing our left and occupying the road to Centreville on our rear. His heaviest assault was made about 5 oclock in the afternoon, when, after overwhelming Fitz John Porter and driving his forces back on the center and left, mass after mass of his forces were pushed against our left. A terrific contest with great slaughter was carried on for several hours, our men behaving with firmness and gallantry under the immediate command of General McDowell. When night closed our left had been forced back about half a mile, but still remained firm and unbroken, while our right held its ground. General Franklin, with his corps, arrived after dark at Centreville, 6 miles in our rear, while Sum- ner was 4 miles behind Franklin. I could possibly have brought up these corps in the morning in time to have renewed the action, but starvation stared both men and horses in the face, and broken and ex- hausted as they were they were in no condition to bear hunger also. I accordingly retired to Centreville that night in perfect order. Neither on Sunday nor on Monday did the enemy make any advance upon us. On Monday I sent to the army corps commanders for their effective strength, which, all told, including Sumner and Franklin, fell short of 60,000 men. Instead of bringing up 30,000 men Franklin and Sumner united fell short 20,000, and these added to the force I had, already wearied and much cut up, did not give me the means to do any- thing else for a day or two than stand on the defensive. The enemy during Monday again began to work slowly around to our right for the purpose of possessing Fairfax Court-House and thus turning our rear. Couchs division and one brigade of Sumners had been left there, and I sent over Hooker on Monday afternoon to take command and to post himself at or in front of Germantown, at the same time directing Mc- Dowell to take position along the turnpike from Centreville to Fairfax Court-House, about 2 miles west of the latter place. Heintzelman was directed to post himself in rear and support of Reno, who was pushed north of the road, at a point about 2~ miles east of Centreville, to cover the turnpike, it being my purpose in the course of the night to mass my command on the right, in the direction of Germantown, where I felt convinced the next attack of the enemy would be made. Late in the afternoon of Monday the enemy made his demonstration upon Germantown, but was met by Hooker at that place, and by Reno, re-enforced by Kearny, farther west. The battle was very severe, though short, the enemy being driven back a mile with heavy loss, leav- ing his dead and wounded. In thi8 short action we lost two of our most valuable and distin- guished officersGenerals Kearny and Stevens. By morning the whole of my command was massed behind Difficult Creek, between Flint Hill and the Warrenton turnpike, with the ad- vance under Hooker in front of Germantown. With the exception of Sumner, the commanders of the army corps of the Army of the Potomac had continued persistently to inform me that their commands were and had been d-emoralized ever since they left Ha Page 17 CHAP. XXIV.J GENERAL REPORTS. 17 risons Landing; that they had no spirit and 110 disposition to fight. This latter statement their conduct in the various actions fully contra- dicted; but the straggling in those corps was distressing. The full facts having been reported to you, I received on Tuesday afternoon the order to retire to the intreuchinents near Washington, which was accordingly done on that day and the next in good order and without the slightest loss. Banks, who had been left with the railroad train cut off at Bristoe by the bnrning of the bridge, was ordered to join me on Monday at Centreville, which he did on the afternoon of that day. This brief summary will explain sufficiently in detail the whole of the operations of the forces under my command during sixteen days of continuous fighting by day and marching by night. To confront a powerful enemy with greatly inferior forces; to fight him day by day without losing your army; to delay and embarrass his movements, and to force him by persistent resistance to adopt long and circuitous routes to his destination are the duties which have been imposed upon me. They are of all military operations the most difficult and the most harassing, both to the commander and to his troops. How far we have been successful I leave to the judgment of my countrymen. The Armies of Virginia and of the Potomac have been united in the pres- ence and against the efforts of a wary and vigorous enemy~ in greatly superior force to either, with no loss for which they did not exact full retribution. Among the officers whom I feel bound to mention with special grati- tude for their most hearty, cordial, and untiring zeal and energy are Generals Mcbowell, Banks, iReno, Lleintzelman, Hooker, and Kearny, and many others of inferior rank, whom I shall take great satisfaction in bringing to the notice of the Government. The troops have exhibited wonderful patience and courage, and I cannot say too much for them. Our losses have been very heavy, but so far I have been unable to get accurate returns. I am informed by Generals Kearny and Hooker, who examined the field of battle on Friday, that the enemys dead and wounded were at least double our own. I am, general, respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. General H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief. (Inolosuro A.] AUGUST 29, 18628 p. m. To the Co~n~rANnrNG OFFICER, Centreville, Va.: I have been instructed by General McClellan to inform you that he will have all the available wagons at Alexandria loaded with rations for your troops, and all of the cars also, as soon as you will send in a cavalry escort to Alexandria as a guard to the trains. Respectfully, W. B. FRANKLIK, Major-General, GQmmanding Sixth Qorps, 2 i~ IlVOL XII, PT I Page 18 18 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. [Inolosure B.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, IN THE FIELD, August 29, 18624.30 p. m. Major-General PORTER: Your line of march brings you mon the enemys.right flank. I desire you to push forward into action at once on the enemys flank and, if possible, on his rear, keeping your right in communication with General Reynolds. The enemy is massed in the woods in front of us, but can be shelled out as soon as [you] engage their flank. Keep heavy reserves and use your batteries, keeping well closed to your right all the time. In case you are obliged to fall back, do so to your right and rear, so as to keep you in close communication with the right wing. JNO. POPE, Afajor. General, Commanding. [Inolosure C.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, IN THE FIELD, Near Bull Run, Va., August 29, 18628.50 p. m. Maj. Gen. FITz JOHN PORTER: GENERAL: Immediately upon receipt of this order, the precise hour of receiving which you will acknowledge, you will march your command to the field of battle of to-day and report to me in person for orders. You are to understand that you are expected to comply strictly with this order, and to be present on the field within three hours after its reception or after daybreak to-morrow morning. JNO. POPE, Major. General, Commanding. [Inclosure D.] BALLS CROSS-ROADS, VA., September 3, 1862. Was ordered to Centreville by Major-General Pope on Saturday, August 30. General Griffin arrived there with his command at 11 oclock, coming from the direction of Manassas Junction. He moved his brigade to the north of the town, halted it, and came to General Popes headquarters, where he remained one hour, conversing with Lieu- tenant-Colonel Myers and myself. During this conversation Lieuten- ant-Colonel Myers asked him several times why his (General Griffins) brigade was not in the fight. General Griffin replied, Never mind; I do not care. He said that he was tired of being commanded by staff officers, and asked what Pope had ever done that he should be made a major-general. Also spoke disrespectfully and sneeringly of other superior officers; said that he had heard that morning that General McClellan was to take command; hoped that it was true. He then rode off toward his command, a~nd about two hours after sent an officer to ask whether he could get shoes for his men SPEED BUTLER, Golonel and A~We.de-Camp. [Indorsemeut.] Forwarded to Colonel Holt, Judge-Advocate-General, U. S. Army. By order of Major-General Halleck:. ~ C. KELTON, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 19 Ca& p. XXIV] GENERAL REPORTS. 19 HEADQUARTERS AR1~IY OF VIRGINLhL~ Near Balls Cross-Roads, Septem1~er 3, 1862. DEAR G~ERAL: My whole command retired in good order, and now are encamped between the outer and inner line of intrenchments, ex- cept the three corps sent by way of Vienna and Lewinsville to Chain Bridge, from whom L have not yet heard. - I sent a regiment of cavalry this morning to Vienna and beyond to ascertain the movements of the enemy. The rear guards of the forces retiring by the Alexandria pike and by Vienna were fired on with artillery, but not to any considerable extent. The whole command is much broken down, especially that portion of it originally constituting the Army of Virginia, which has done the most harassing service, and has been, without the intermission of a day, fighting the enemy since the 9th of August. A few days rest will restore them, and they will then be capable of rendering good service, although greatly reduced in numbers. Banks corps does not exceed 6 0 6,000. There are, of course, many 00, McDowells 11,000, and Sigels stragglers, who will swell these num- bers considerably within a few days. Of those portions of the Army of the Potomac which have joined me (exeepting Sumners and Franklins, of which I know little) not much can be expected. They are listless and dejected, and straggle in a man- ner which is distressing. Not more, certainly, than one-half of those reported effective can ever be brought into action, and even those that can be do not manifest the least spirit. Henos command is a very fine one, but does not exceed 6,000. Sum- ner and Franklin arrived too late to be of service, as the army had been cut up and wearied to death before they reached Centreville. I have much to say and to report to you concerning the conduct of cer- tain officers and their commands during these operations, which I will postpone for the present. There is no doubt in the mind of any man here that the battle of Groveton would have been a decisive and com~ plete victory on the first day had General Poi ter advanced as I di- rected him. Why he did not is yet unexplained. The whole of the heavy re-enforcements which attacked us on Saturday passed down the road from Gainesville during the whole afternoon and night of Friday, while General Porter remained in full sight of them, on their flank, be- tween Manassas Junction and Gainesville, although he had my positive written order to attack them in flank while I was urging the battle in front. He made no attack whatever, but retired a portion of his com- mand, at least, to Manassas, which was not near enough the next day - to take any part in the action. This is the second time since it has been with me that the delay of this same corps has hazarded the safety and success of our movements. The constant coml)laint is that the men are broken down, though what marching or other hard service they have done for a long time I do not know. 1 will state these facts officially within a day or two, or as soon as I can find a moment to make my report. I have done the best I possibly could with the materials furnished me, as I am very sure you know. Some definite arrangements, it seems to me, ought to be made about command here. Troops assigned to different commanders are much mixed up by tac efforts to place each division and brigade on the ground formerly occupied by them. Tt would be greatly more satisfactory to everybody if you would con~mand the whole direct from Washington, .assigning certain portiotis of t~t Page 20 OPERATIONS IN N. Vi., W. VA., AND MD. (Ox~*P. XXIV. 20 line to officers selected for the purpose. As matters now stand they are a little embarrassing, especially so to me, as I do not know how far it am responsible for outpost or picket service or for movements to feel the enemy, which should be made every day. I do not believe that any attack will be iiziade on these works, but that some movement against Maryland, and perhaps Pennsylvania, is intended. The whole tendency of the enemy has been in that direction. I telegraphed you last night and will do so again as soon as the last part of my command is in position. I shall remain here until I hear from you The telegraph station nearest me is Uptons Hill. I am, general, very truly, your friend, JNO. POPE. iVlaj. Gen. H. W. HALLEOK, General-in-Chief. NEW YoRK, January 27, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the army under my command during the late campaign in Virginia: Several of the reports of the corps commanders have not yet reached me, but so much time has elapsed since the termination of the cam- paign that I do not feel at liberty to withhold this report longer. The strange misapprehension of facts concerning this campaign, which, though proceeding from irresponsible sources, has much possessed the public mind, makes it necessary for me to enter more into detail than I should otherwise have done, and to embody in the report such of the dispatches and orders sent and received as will make (dear every state- ment which is contained in it. On the 26th day of June, 1862, by special order of the President of the United States, I was assigned to the command of the Army of Virginia. That army was constituted as follows: First Corps, under Major-General Fr~mont; Second Corps, under Major-General Banks; Third Corps, under Major-General McDowell. In addition to these three corps a small and unorganized force, under Brigadier-General Sturgis, was posted in the neighborhood of Alexandria, and was then in pro- cess of being organized for field service. The forces in the intrench- inents around Washington were also placed under my command. All the disposable movable forces consisted of the three corps first named. Their effective strength of infantry and artillery, as reported to me, was as follows: Frdmonts corps, 11,500 strong; Banks corps, reported at 14,500, but in reality only about 8,000; McDowells corps, 18,500; making a total of 38,04)0 men. The cavahy numbered about 5,000 men for duty, but most of it was badly mounted and armed and in poor condition for service. These forces were scattered over a wide district of country, not within supporting distance of each other, and many of the brigades and divisions were badly organized and in a demoralized condition. This was particularly the case with the army CO~l)5 of Major-General Frdmout, a sad report of which was made to me by General Sigel when he relieved General Frdrnont in command of the corps. My first labors were directed to the reorganization of sonic ot the divisions and brigades of that corps and to snpplying the whole force with much of the material absolutely neeessar~ for troops in the field. The corps of Banks and Fr& mont were in the valley of the Shena Page 21 CHAP. XXT~?.] 21 doah, between Winchester and Middletown, the bulk of the forces being in the vicii~ity of the latter l)laee. One division of McDowells corps was at Manassas Junction, with its advance thrown forward to Cat]etts Station. The other division was posted in the vicinity of Pal- mouth, opposite Fredericksburg. When I first assumed command of these forces the troops under Jackson had retired from the valley of the Shenandoah and were in rapid march toward Richmond, so that at that time there was no force of the enemy of any consequence within a weeks march of any of the troops assigned to my command. It was the wish of the Government that I should cover the city of Washington from any attacks from the direction of Richmond, make such dispositions a~ were necessary to assure the safety of the valley of the Shenandoah, and at the same time so operate upon the enemys lines of communication in the direction of Gordonsville and Charlottes- ville as to draw off, if possible, a considerable force of the enemy from Richmond, and thus relieve the operations against that city of the Army of the Potomac. The first object I had in view was to concentrate, as far as possible, all the movable forces under my command and to establish them in such positions as best to effect the objects set forth. It seemed to me that the security of the Shenandoah Valley was not best attained by post- ing troops within the valley itself, but that the necessary results could be better accomplished and the other objects with which I was charged best promoted by concentrating these forces at some point or points from which, if any attempts were made to enter the valley of the Shenandoah from Richmond, I should be able by rapid marching to interpose between such force and the main body of the enemy and cut off its retreat. I felt confident, and this confidence was justified by subsequent results, that no considerable force of the enemy would attempt to enter the valley of the Shemiandoah while the forces under my command were so posted as to be able without difficulty to inter- cept its retreat and fall upon its rear. I accordingly sent orders to MajorGeneral Sigel, commanding the First Corps, to move forward from Middletown, cross the Shenandoah at Front Royal, and, pursuing the west side of the Blue Ridge, to take post at Sperryville by pass- ing through Luray Gap. At the same time I directed Major-General Banks, crossing the Shenandoah at the same point, to move forward and take post between 6 and 10 miles east of Sperryville. Geueral McDowell was ordered to move Ricketts division of his corps from Manassas Junction to Waterloo Bridge, the point where the turnpike from Warrenton to Sperryville crosses the Upper Rappahanfiock; Kings division, of the same corps, it was thought best to leave at Fredericksburg to cover the crossing of the Rappahannock at that point and to protect the railroad thence to Aqiiia Creek and the public buildings which had been erected at the latter place. While I yielded to this wish of the War Department, the wide separation of this division from the maifi body of the army and the ease with which the enemy would b~ able to interpose between them engaged my earnest attention and gave me very serious uneasiness. Whilst these movements were in progress commenced the series of battles which preceded and attended the retreat of General McClellan from the Chickahominy toward Harrisons Landing. When first Gen- eral McClellan began to intimate by his dispatches that he designed making this movement toward James River I suggested to the Presi- dent of the United States the impolicy of such a movement and th Page 22 22 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., ANP Mfl. da& r. XXIV. serious consequences which would be likely to result from it, and urged upon him that he should send orders to General McClellan that if he were unable to maintain his position on the Chickahominy, and were pressed by superior forces of the enemy, to mass his whole force onthe north side of that stream, even at the risk of losing much material of war, and endeavor to make his way in the direction of Hanover Court- House; but in no event to retreat with his army farther to the south than the White House or York River. I stated to the President that the retreat to James River was carrying General McClellan away from any re-enforcements that could possibly be sent him within a reasonable time, and was absolutely depriving him of any substantial aid from the forces under my command; that by this movement the whole army of the enemy would be interposed between his army and mine, and that they would then be at liberty to strike in either direction, as they might consider it most advantageous; that this movement to James River would leave entirely unprotected, except in so far as the small force under my command was able to protect it, the whole region in front of Washington, and that it would therefore be impossible to send any of the forces under my command to re-enforce General McClellan without ren- deringit certain that the enemy, even in the worst case for themselves, would have the privilege and power of exchanging Richmond for Wash- ington City; that to them the loss of Richmond would be trifling, whilst the loss of Washington to us would be conclusive, or nearly so, in its results upon thi~ war. I was so deeply impressed with these views that I repeatedly and earnestly urged them upon the President and Secre- tary of War. After General McClellan had taken up his position at Harrisons Landing I addressed him a letter, stating to him my position and the distribution of the troops under my command, and requesting him in all earnestness and good faith to write me fully and freely his views, and to suggest to me any measures which he. thought desirable to enable me to co-operate with him or to render any assistance in my power in the operations of the army under his command. I stated to him that I had no object except to assist his operations, and that I would undertake any labor and run any risk for that purpose. I therefore desired him to feel no hesitation in communi~ating freely with me, as he might rest assured that every suggestion that he would make would meet all respect and consideration at my hands, an(l that, so far as it was in my power to do so, I would carry out his wishes with all energy and with all the means at my command. In reply to this communica- tion I received a letter from General McClellan, very general in its terms, and proposing nothing toward the accomplishment of the pur- pose I had suggested to him. It became apparent that, considering the situation in which the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Vir- ginia were placed in relation to each other, and the absolute necessity of harmonious and prompt co-operation between them, some military superior both of General McClellan and myself should be called to Washington and placed in command of all the operations in Virginia. In accordance with these views Major-General Halleck was called to Washington and placed in general command. Many circumstances, which it is not necessary here to set forth, induced me to express to the President, to the Secretary of War, and to General Halleck my desire to be relieved from the command of the Army of Virginia and to be returned to the Western country. My services, however, were considered necessary in the projected campaign, and my wishes were not complied with. I accordingly took the field in Virginia with grave forebodings of the result, but with Page 23 CHAP. XXTV.] 23 determination to carry out the plans of the Government with all the energy and with all the ability of which I was master. Previous to taking the field I issued the following orders, which set out very fully the policy wliich I considered advisable, and which at that time received the sanction of the Government, and, so far as I know, the approval of the country. The order requiring the troops to subsist upon the country in which their operations were conducted has, with a willful disregard of its terms, been construed, greatly to my discredit, as authorizing indis- criminate robbery and plunder; yet the terms of this order are so specific as to the manner and by whom all property or subsistence needed for the use of the army should be seized, and the order is so common in the history of warfare, that I have been amazed that it could have been so misinterpreted and misunderstood. It is therefore sub- mitted here for the calm examination of the Government and of the public. I believed then and believe now that the policy there laid down was wise and just, and was well calculated to secure efficient and rapid operations of the army, and, in case of reverse, to leave the enemy without the means of subsisting in the country over which our army had passed, and over which any pursuit must be conducted. The long delay and embarrassment of the army under General Lee, in its sub- sequent movements toward Washington, occasioned largely by the want of supplies taken from the country under this order, fully justified its wisdom. It was determined, before I left Washington to take the field in Vir- ginia, that the union of the Armies of Virginia and of the Potomac was absolutely essential both to the safety of the national capital and to the further successful prosecution of the operations against Rich- mond. The mission of the army under my command, therefore, was to cover as far as possible the front of Washington and make secure the valley of the Shenandoah, and so operate upon the enemys lines of communication to the west and northwest as to force him to make such heavy detachments from his main force at Richmond as would enable the Army of the Potomac to withdraw from its position at Har- risons Landing and to take shipping for Aquia Creek or for Alexandria. If, as was feared, the enemy should throw his whole force in the direc- tion of Washington, it became my duty to resist his advance at all hazards, and so to delay and embarrass his movements as to gain all the time possible for the arrival of the Army of the Potomac behind the Rappahannock. Meantime before the arrival of General Halleck, I instructed General King, at fredericksburg, to send forward detach- ments of his cavalry to operate upon the line of the Virginia Central Railroad, and as far as possible to embarrass and destroy communica- tion between Richmond and the valley of the Shenandoah. Several cavalry expeditions which that officer dispatched for the purpose were completely successful, and succeeded in breaking up the railroad at several points upon several occasions. At the same time I directed Major-General Banks to send forward an infantry brigade with all his cavalry to march rapidly upon Culpeper Court-House, and after taking possession of that place to push forward cavalry toward the Rapidan, in the direction of Gordonsville. On the 14th of July, after this mover ment was successfully accomplished, I directed General Banks to push forward during the night of that day the whole of his cavalry force, under Brigadier-General Hatch, from Culpeper, %with orders to take possession of Gordonsville, and to destroy the railroad for 10 or 1 Page 24 24 OPERATIONS IN N. VA, W. VA., AND MD. LOHAP. XXIV~. miles east of that 1)lace with a portion of his forces, whilst aR remain- ing pushed forward in the direction of Charlotte8ville, destroying the railroad bridges and interrupting that line of communication as far as practicable. At th~t time there was no force of the enemy at Gordonsville or in the vicinity, and the whole operation as ordered was not only easily practicable, but would have been attended with serious consequences to the enemy; but, to my surprise and dissatisfaction, I received, on the 17th of July, from General Banks, a report that General Hatch had taken with him infantry, artillery, and trains of wagons, and that, in consequence of bad roads, he had at that date only succeeded ~rn going as far as Madison Court-House. Meantime, on the 16th of July, the advance of Jacksons forces under Ewell had reached Gordonsville, and the proposed movements as ordered became impracticable. No satis- factory explanation has ever been made to me of this. departure from my orders on the part of General Hatch. Finding it no longer practi- cable to occupy Gordonsville as I had designed, I sent orders to Gen- eral Banks to direct General Hatch to select from his own cavalry and that of General McDowell, which I had sent forward, 1,500 to 2,000 of the best mounted men, and P5 proceed from Madison Court-House around the west side of the Blue Ridge to a point wheuc.e he could make an easy descent upon the railroad west of Gordonsville, and, if successful, to push forward to Charlottesville, and,if possible, destroy the railroad between that place and Lynchburg. In compliance with this order, General Hatch commenced to make the movement as directed, but abandoned it soon after he started, and returned by the way of Sperryville to his post. As soon as I had received the report of this second failure I relieved General Hatch from the command of the cav- alry of General Banks corps, and sent Brigadier-General Buford to re- port to General Banks as the chief of cavalry of his corps. On the 29th of July I left Washington, and after reviewing Ricketts division, of McDowells corps, at Waterloo Bridge, repaired to the head- quarters of General Banks, a few miles southeast of Little Washington. All preparations having been completed, 1 instructed General Banks to move forward on the 7th of August and take post at the point where the turnpike from Sperryville to Culpeper crosses Hazel River. Gen- eral McDowell was ordered on the day previous to move forward with Ricketts division from Waterloo Bridge to Culpeper Court-house, so that on the 7th of August all the infantry and artillery forces of the Army of Virginia were assembled along the turnpike from Sperryville to Culpeper, and numbered about 28,500 men. Kings division, as I have before stated, was left on the Lower Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg, and was not then available for active operations in the direction of Gordonsville. The cavalry forces covering the front of the army on that day were distributed as follows: General Buford, with five regiments, was posted at Madison Court-House, with his pickets along the line of the Rapidan from Barnetts Ford as far west as the Blue Ridge. General Sigel had been directed to post a brigade of infantry and a battery of artillery at the point where the road from Madison Court-House to Sperryville crosses Robertsons River, as a support to the cavalry of General Buford in front of him. General Bayard, with four regiments of cavalry, was posted near Rapidan Station, the point where the Orange and Alexan- dria road crosses Rapidan River, with his pickets extended as far to the east as Raccoon Ford, and connecting with General Buford on his right at Barnetts Ford. From Raccoon Ford to the forks of the Rappaha Page 25 CliAr. XZIV.J 25 nock above Falmouth the Rapidan was lined with cavalry pickets. On the top of Thoroughfare Mountain, about half way between Generals Bayard and Bnford, was established a signal station, which overlooked the whole country as far south as Orange Court-House. On the 7th I l)roceeded to Sperryville and inspected the corps of Major-General Sigel. I remained at Sperryville until 4 oclock on the afternoon of that day, during which time I received several reports from the front that the enemy was crossing the liapidan at several points between the railroad crossing of that river and Liberty Mills. I reached Culpeper Court-House on the morning of the 8th of August. The town had been occul)ied for several days by Crawfords brigade, of General Banks corps, and on the 7th lzticketts division, of McDowell8 corps, had also reached there from Waterloo Bridge. During the whole of the morning of the 8th 1 continued to receive reports from General Bayard, who was slowly falling back in the direction of Culpeper Court- House from the advance of the enemy, and from General Buford, who also reported the enemy advancing in heavy force upon Madison Court. House. My instructions required me to be careful and keep my com- munications good with Fredericksburg, and by no means to permit the enemy to interpose between me and that place. Although during the whole of the 8th of August it was very doubtful, from the reports of Generals Bayard and Bnford, whether the enemys movement was in the direction of Madison Court-House or of Culpeper, I considered it advisable, in view of my relations with Fredericksburg, to concentrate my whole force in the direction of Culpeper, so as to keep myself con- stantly interposed between the main body of the enemy and the lower fords of the iRappahannock. Early in the day I pushed forward Craw. fords brigade, of Banks corps, in the direction of Cedar, or Slaughter, Mountain, to support General Bayard, who was falling slowly back in that direction, and to assist him as far as practicable in determining the movements and the forces of the enemy. I sent orders also to General Banks to move forward promptly from Hazel River to Culpeper Court- House, and also to General Sigel to march at once from Sperryville to the same place. To my surprise I received after night on the 8th a note from General Sigel, dated at Sperryville at 6.341) that afternoon, asking me by what road he should march to Culpeper Court-House. As there was but one road between those two points and that a broad stone turnpike, I was at a loss to understand how & eneral Sigel could entertain any doubt as to the road by which he should march. This doubt, however, delayed the arrival of his corps at Culpeper Court. House several hours, and rendered it impracticable for that corps to be pushed to the front, as I had designed, on the afternoon of the next day. Early on the morning of the 9th of August I directed General Banks to move forward toward Cedar Mountain with his whole corps, and to join the brigade of that corps, under General Crawford, which had been pushed forward on the day previous. I directed General Banks to take up a strong position at or near the point occupied by that brigade, to check the advance of the enemy, and to determine his forces and the character of his movement as far as practicable. The consolidated report of General Banks corps, received some days previously, exhib- ited an effective force of something over 14,000 men. Appended to this report will be found the return in question. It appeared subse- quently, however, that General Banks forces at that time did not ex- ceed 8,000 men; but although I several times caUed General Banks attention to the discrepancy between this return and the force he after Page 26 26 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CRAP. XXIV.. ward stated to me he had led to the front, that discrepancy has never been explained, and I do not yet understand how General Banks could have been so greatly mistaken as to the forces under his immediate command. I directed him, when he went forward from Culpeper Court- House, that if the enemy advanced to attack him in the strong position which I had instructed him to take up, he should push his skirmishers Well to the front and notify me immediately. Three miles in his rear, and within easy supporting distance, IRicketts division, of General Mc- Dowells corps, had been posted at the point where the road from Mad- ison Court.House to Culpeper intersects the road from Culpeper to Cedar Mountain. This division was so posted because it was not cer- tain whether a considerable force of the enemy was not advancing on Culpeper from the direction of Madison Court-House, General Buford having reported to me very early on the morning of the 9th from Mad- ison Court-House that the enemy was in heavy force on his right, his left, and partly on his rear, and that he was retreating in the direction of Sperryville. Desultory artillery firing had been kept up all day on the 9th in the direction of General Banks corps, but I continued to receive during the whole of that day reports from General Banks that no considerable force of the enemy except cavalry had come forward, and that though the cavalry had been ostentatiously displayed he did not believe that the enemy was in sufficient force to make any attack upon him. As late as 5 oclock in the afternoon General Banks wrote me substantially to the same effect, but before I had received this last note the artillery firing had become so rapid and continuous that I feared a general en- gagement was going on or might be brought on at any moment. I therefore instructed General McDowell to move forward Ricketts division rapidly to the field and accompanied that division myself. At no time during the day did General Banks express any apprehensions of attack in force by the enemy, nor did he ask nor intimate that he needed re-enforcements. General Sigels corps began to march into Culpeper Court-House late in the afternoon, and just as I was leaving that place, having been de- layed several hours by General SigePs singular uncertainty as to what road he ought to pursue. I had given orders a number of days pre- viously that all the troops belonging to the Army of Virginia should be ready to march at the shortest notice and should habitually keep two days cooked rations in their haversacks. Notwithstanding this order, General Sigels corps arrived in Culpeper without any rations, and was unable to move forward until provisions could be procured from Mc- Dowells train and cooked at Culpeper Court-House. 1 have received no report from General Banks of his operations at Cedar Mountain, but I had sent forward Brigadier-General Roberts, chief of cavalry, of my staff, and had directed him to report to Gen- eral Banks in the early part of the day of the 9th, and to advise freely with him as to the operations of his corps. General Roberts, as well as General Banks, was fully advised of my wishes, and that I desired General Banks merely to keep the enemy in check by occu- pying a strong position in his front until the whole of the disposable forces under my command should be concentrated in the neighborhood. General Roberts reported to me that he had conferred freely with Gen- eral Banks and urgently represented to him my purposes, but that General Banks, contrary to his suggvstions and to my wishes, had left the strong position which he had taken up and had advanced at least a mile to assault the enemy, believing that they were not in consider Page 27 OHAP. XXTV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 2~t able force, and that he would be able to crush their advance before their maiu body could come up from the direction of the IRapidan. He accordingly threw forward his whole corps into action, against superior forces of the enemy strongly posted and sheltered by woods and ridges. His advance led him over the open ground, which Was everywhere swept by the fire of the enemy, concealed in the woods and ravines beyond. Notwithstanding these disadvantages his corps gallantly responded to his orders and assaulted the enemy with great fury and determination. The action lasted about an hour and a half:, and during that time our forces suffered heavy loss, and were gradually driven back to their former position, at which point, just at dusk, iRicketts division, of McDowells corps, came up and joined in the engagement. As soon a~ I arrived on the field at the head of lticketts division I directed General Banks to draw in his right, which was much extended, and to mass the whole of his right wing at the center of his line, push. ing forward at the same time iRicketts division to occupy the ground thus vacated. The enemy followed Banks as he retired with great caution, and emerging from the woods, which had sheltered him all day, attempted to push forward to the open ground in front of our new line. A sharp artillery engagement immediately commenced, when the enemy was driven back to the woods, principally by the batteries of IRicketts division. The artillery firing was kept up until near midnight of the 9th. Finding that Banks corps had been severely cut up and was much fatigued I drew it back to the rear and pushed forward the corps of Sigel, which had begun to arrive, to occupy the woods ou the left of the road, with a wide space of open ground in his front. iRicketts division was also drawn back to the cover of the woods and behind the ridges in the open ground on the right of Sigel. These dispositions were completed about daybreak on the morning of the 10th. Banks corps, reduced to about 5,000 men, was so cut up and worn down with fatigue that I did not consider it capable of rendering any efficient service for several days. I therefore directed General Banks, or,in his absence, General Williams, who succeeded to the command, to assemble his corps on the road to Culpeper Court-House, and about 2 miles in rear of our front; to collect his stragglers, send back his wounded to Culpeper Court-House, and proceed as rapidly as possible to put the corps in condition for service. in consequence of the vigorous resistance of the night previous, and the severe loss of the enemy in attempting. to advance, before daylight of the 10th Jackson drew back his forces toward Cedar Mountain, about 2 miles from our front. Our pickets were immediately pushed forward, supported by Milroys brigade, and occupied the ground. The day of the 10th was intensely hot, and the troops on both sides were too much fatigued to renew the action. My whole effective force on that day, exclusive of Banks corps, which was in no condition for service, was about 20,000 artillery and infantry and about 2,000 cay- alry. General Buford, with the cavalry force under his command, not yet having been able to join the main body, I had telegraphed General King at Fredericksburg to move forward on the 8th by the lower fords of the Bappahannock and Stevensburg to join me. A large part of his command had just returned from a very fatiguing expedition against the Central Railroad, but he marched forward promptiy, and joined the main body late in the evening of the 11th. The whole day was spent by both armies in burying the dead and in bringing off the wounded. Although, even after King joined me, my whole & ffective force wa Page 28 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MV). tCHAP. XXtV. barely equal to that of the enemy, I determined, after giving Kings division one nights rest, to fall upon him at daylh~ht on the 12th on his line of communication, and compel him to fight a battle, which must have been entirely decisive for one army or the other. But during the night of the 11th Jackson evacuated his position in front of us and retreated rapidly across the Rapidan in the direction of Gordonsville, leaving many of his dead and wounded on the field and along the road from Cedar Mountain to Orange Court-House. No material of war nor baggage trains were lost on either side, but the loss of life on both sides was severe. Brigadier-Generals Geary, Augur, and Carroll were badly wounded, and Brigadier- General Prince was captured by accident. Very many of our best field and company officers were killed or wounded. From the verbal reports and statements of General Banks and others the Massachusetts regiments behaved with especial gallantry and sus- tained the heaviest losses but the conduct of the whole corps of General Banks was beyond all praise. Although I regret that General Banks thought it expedient to depart from my instructions, it gives me pleasure to bear testimony to his gallant and intrepid conduct throughout that action. He exposed himself as freely as any one under his command, and his example went far to secure thai gallant and noble conduct which has made his corps famous. Generals Geary, Augur, Carroll, Gordon, and Greene behaved with distinguished gallantry. General Prince, who had led his brigade throughout the action with coolness and courage, was captured after dark whilst passing from one flank of his command to the other. As I have not received any report from General Banks, it is not in my power to mention the field and company officers who distinguished themselves under his immediate eye in this action, but as soon as his report is received I will transmit it to the Government, and endeavor to do justice to every officer and soldier who belonged to his corps. Brigadier-General Roberts, chief of cavalry, of my staff, accom- panied General Banks throughout the day, and rendered most important and gallant service. No report of killed and wounded has been made to me by General Banks; I can therefore only form an approximation of our losses in that battle. Our killed, wounded, and prisoners amounted to about 1,800 men,* besides which fully 1,000 men straggled back to Culpeper Court-House and beyond, and never entirely returned to their commands. A strong cavalry force, under Generals Buford and Bayard, pursued the enemy to the Rapidan and captured many stragglers. The cavulry forces immediately resumed their original positions, and again occupied the Rapidan from Raccoon Ford to the base of the Blue Ridge. On the 14th of August General Reno, with 8,000 men of the Thrces which had arrived at Falmouth, under General Bnrnside, joined me. I imme- diately pushed forward my whole force in the direction of the Rapidan, and occupied a strong position, with my right, under Major-General Sigel, resting on Robertsons River, where the road from Cedar Mountain to Orange Court-House crosses that stream; my center, under General McDowell, occupying both flanks of Cedar Mountain, and my left, under General Reno, a position near Raccoon Ford, and covering the road from that ford to Stevensburg and Culpeper. I began immediately again to Qperate with my cavalry upon the enemys communications with Richmond. From the 12th to the 18th of August reports were constantly reaching me of large forces of the enemy re-enforcing Jack- son from the direction of Richmond, and by the morning of the -18th I * See revised statement, p. 136 Page 29 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORT8. 29 became satisfied that nearly the whole force of the enemy from Rich- mond was assembling in my front, along the south side of the Rapidan, and extending from Raccoon Ford to Liberty Mills. The cavalry expeditions sent out on the 16th in the direction of Lonisa Court-House captured the adjutant-general of General Stuart, and was very near capturing that officer himself. Among the papers taken was an autograph letter of General Robert E. Lee to General Stu- art, dated Gordonsville, August 13, which made manifest to me the posi- tion and force of the enemy and their determination to overwhelm the army under my command before it could be re-enforced by any portion of the Army of the Potomac. I held on to my position thus far to the front for the purpose of affording all time possible for the arrival of the Army of the Potomac at Aquia Creek and Alexandria and to embarrass and delay the movements of the enemy as far as practicable. On ~he 18th of August it became apparent to me that this advanced position, with the small force under my command, was no longer tenable in the face of the overwhelming forces of the enemy. I determined, accordingly, to withdraw behind the Rappahannock with all speed, and, as I had been instructed, to defend, as far as practicable, the line of that river, I directed Major-General Reno to send back his trains on the morning of the i~8th, by the way of Stevensburg, to Kellys or Barnetts Ford, and, as soon as the trains had gotten several hours in advance, to follow them with his whole corps, and take l)ost behind the Rappahannock, leaving all his cavalry in the neighborhood of Rac- coon Ford to cover this movement. General Banks corps, which had been ordered on the 12th to take position at Culpeper Court-House, I directed, with its trains preceding it, to cross the Rappahannock at the point where the Orange and Alexandria Railroad crosses that river. General McDowells train was ordered to pursue the same route, while the train of General Sigel was directed through Jefferson, to cross the Rappahannock at Warrenton Sulphur Springs. So soon as these trains had been sufficiently advanced McDowells corps was directed to take the route from Culpeper to Rappahannock Ford, whilst General Sigel, who was on the right and front, was instructed to follow the movements of his train to Sulphur Springs. These movements were execnted dur- ing the day and night of the 18th and the day of the 19th, by which time the whole army, with its trains, had safely recrossed the Rappa- hannock, and was posted behind that stream, with its left at Kellys Ford and its right about 3 miles above Rappahannock Station, General Sigel having been directed immediately upon crossing at Sulphur Springs to march down the left bank of the Rappahannock until he con- nected closely with General McDowells right. Early on the morning of the 20th the enemy drove in our pickets in front of Kellys Ford and at Rappahannock Station, but finding we had covered those fords, and that it would be impracticable to force the passage of the river without heavy loss, his advance halted, and the main body of his army was bronght forward from the Rapidan. By the night ot the 20th the bulk of his forces confronted us from Kellys Ford to a point above our extreme right. During the whole of the days of the 21st and 22d efforts were made by the enemy at various points to cross the river, but they were repnlsed in all cases. The artillery fire was rapid and continuous during the whole of those days, and extended along the line of the river for 7 or 8 miles. Finding that it was not practicable to force time passage of the river in my front, the enemy began slowly to move up the river for the purpose of turning our right. My ordevs required me to keep myself closely in coiinmun Page 30 30 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CL~r. lilY. cation with Fredericksburg, to which point the Army of the Potomac was being brought from the Peninsula, with the purpose of re-enforc- ing me from that place by the line of the Rappahannock. My force was too small to enable me to extend my right farther without so weak- ening my line as to render it easy for the enemy to break through at. any point. I telegraphed agaiu and again to Washington, represent- ing this movement of the enemy toward my right and the impossibility of my being able to extend my lines so as to resist it without abandon- ing my connections with Fredericksburg. I was assured on the 21st that if I would hold the line of the river two days longer I should be so strongly re-enforced as not only to be secure, but to be able to resume offensive operations; bat on the 25th of August the only forces that had joined me or were in the neighbor- hood were 2,500 men of the Pennsylvania Reserves, under Brigadier- General Reynolds, who had arrived at Kellys Ford, and the division of General Kearny, 4,500 strong, which had reached Warrenton Junction. The line of the Rappahannock is very weak, and scarce opposes any considerable obstacle to the advance of an army. It is but a small stream above the forks, and can be crossed by good fords every mile or two of its whole length. The movement of the enemy toward my right occasioned me much uneasinesss, in consequence of the instructions which bound me to keep in close communication with Fredericksburg1 but I instructed General Sigel, who occupied the right of my line and who expressed great apprehensions that his flank would be turned and proposed to withdraw from his position toward the railroad, to stand firm and hold his ground, and to allow the enemy to cross at Sulphur Springs and develop himself on the road toward Warrentou; that as soon as any considerahle force had crossed at that place I would rap- idly mass my army during the night and throw it upon any force of the enemy which attempted to march in the direction of Warrenton. The whole of the cavalry, under Brigadier-Generals Buford and Bayard, was pushed considerably to the right of General Sigel, in the direction of Fayetteville and Sulphur Springs, to watch the movements of the enemy in that direction, and to picket the river as far up as possible. General Sigel was ordered, if any force of the enemy attempted to cross below Sulphur Springs, to march at once against it and to notify me, as I was determined to resist the passage of the river at any point below the Springs. Copies of my dispatches to the General-in-Chief and of his replies, the dispatches from General Sigel and my orders to him, given during the 20th, 21st, 22d, and 23d of August, are ap- pended, which show completely the condition of things, my under- standing of the movements of the enemy, and the dispositions which I made and proposed to make in relation to them. Finding that the continued movement of the enemy to my right, whilst heavy masses of his force still confronted me at Rappahannock Station, would within a day, if allowed to continue, either render my position on the Rappahannock wholly untenable or force me to giVe battle to the enemy in my front and on my right, 1 determined on the afternoon of the 22d to mass my whole force to recross the Rappahan- nock by the bridges and fords near Rappahannock Station and by Kellys Ford below, and to fall on the flank and rear of the long column of the enemy which was passing up the river toward our right. 1 accordingly made the necessary orders on the night of the 22d of August. The attempt would have been dangerous, but no recourse was left me except to make this attack, fo retire to Warrenton Junction and abandon the line of the Rappahannock, or to retire in the direction o Page 31 CHkr. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 31 Fredericksburg and abandon the Orange and Alexandria Railroad and the direct approaches to Washington City. I determined, therefore, to hazard the result and to fall furiously with my whole army upon the flank and rear of the enemy. During the night of the 22d a heavy rain set in, which before day dawned on the 23d had caused the river to rise 6 or 8 feet, carried away all our bridges, and destroyed all the fords on the river. To recross the RappaLmnock and to make the attack as proposed was no longer practicable, but the rise in the river which had prevented the movement I believed also would prevent the retreat of that portion of the enemy which had crossed at Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge, according to the reports which had been sent me by General Sigel. Early. on the morning of the 23d, therefore, I massed my whole force in the neighborhood of Rappahannock Station, with the purpose of fall. ing upon that portion of the enemy which had crossed above me and was then supposed to be between Sulphur Springs, Waterloo Bridge, and the town of Warrenton. As the river was too high to be crossed, and was likely to remain so for at least thirty-six hours, I had no fear that the enemy would be able to interpose between me and Fredericks. burg or to make any attempt upon the Orange and Alexandria Rail. road north of the Rappahanuock. I directed General Sigel to march with his whole corps upon Sulphur Springs, supported by Renos corps and Banks corps, to fall upon any body of the cuemy that he might encounter; and to push forward along the river to Waterloo Bridge. I directed General McDowell to move at the same time directly upon the town of Warrenton so that from that point he would be able, if neces- sary, to unite with ~eneral Sigel on the road from that place to Sulphur Springs or to Waterloo Bridge. To the corps of General McDowell I had attached the Pennsylvania Reserves, under Brigadier-General Rey- noldsthe first of the Army of the Potomac which had joined my com- mand. On the night of the 22d of August a small cavalry force of the enemy, crossing at Waterloo Bridge and passing through Warrenton, had made a raid upon our trains at Catletts Station, and had destroyed four or five wagons in all, belonging to the train of my own headquarters. At the time this cavalry force attacked at Catlettsand it certainly was not more than 300 strongour whole army trains were parked at that place, and were guarded by not less than 1,500 infantry and five com- panies of cavalry. The success of this small cavalry party of the enemy, although very trifling and attended with but little damage, was most disgraceful to the force which had been left in charge of the trains. General Sigel moved, as ordered, slowly up the Rappahannock in the direction of Sulphur Springs on the 23d, and first encountered a force of the enemy near the point where a small creek, called Great Run, puts into the Rappahannock, about 2 miles below the Sulphur Springs. The enemy was driven across the stream, but destroyed the bridges. The heavy rains had caused this small creek to rise so much that it was not then fordable, so that the night of the 23d and part of the morning of the 24th were spent by General Sigel in rebuilding the bridges. On the night of thQ 23d also the advance of McDowells corps occupied Warrenton, a cavalry force of the enemy having retreated from there a few hours before. On the morning of the 24th General Sigel, supported by Generals Reno and Banks, crossed Great Run and occupied the Sulphur Springs, under a heavy fire of artillery from batteries which the enemy had established all along the south side of the Rappahannock. The bridg Page 32 32 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. which had been built at Sulphur Springs, and upon which the forces of the enemy which had crossed a day or two previous escaped from the advance of General Sigel, was destroyed, and General Sigel pushed forward, with the force supporting him, in the direction of Waterloo Bridge. Mean time I had dispatched Brigadier-General Buford, with a heavy cavalry force from Warrenton, on the morning of the 24th, to reconnoiter the country in the vicinity of Waterloo Bridge, and to in- terrupt the passage of the river at that point as far as practicable. It was then believed by General Sigel, who so reported to me, that a considerable force of the enemy was on the north side of the IRappa- hannock, and was retiring from his advance in the direction of Water- loo Bridge. By noon of the 24th General Buford reported to me that he had occupied Wateiloo Bridge without finding any force of the enemy, and he did not believe that there was any force between that place and Sulphur Springs. I directed him to destroy the bridge at Waterloo, and to maintain his position there until the arrival of the advance of General Sigel. I at once informed General Sigel of these facts, and directed him to push forward his advance to Waterloo. Mu- roy~s brigade, constituting the advance of his corps, reached Waterloo late in the afternoon of the 24th. On that afternoon the whole force of the enemy was stretched along the line of the river from Bappahannock Station to Waterloo Bridge, with his center, and, I think, his main body, in the vicinity of Sulphur Springs. During the day of the 24th a large detachment of the enemy, num- bering thirty-six regiments of infantry, with the usual number of bat- teries of artillery and a considerable cavalry force, marched rapidly toward the north in the direction of iRectortown. They could be plainly seen from our signal stations established on high points along the IRappahannock, and their movements and force were reported to me from time to time by Col. J. S. Clark, of General Banks staff, who, both on that day and for many preceding and succeeding days, had given me most valuable and reliable information. I am glad to express here my appreciation of the valuable services of this officer. On the night of the 24th my forces were distributed as follows: IRicketts di- vision, of McDowells corps, on the road from Warrenton to Waterloo Bridge, and about 4 miles east of Waterloo; Kings division, of the same corps, between Warrenton and the Sulphur Springs; Sigels corps near the iRappahannock, with his advance at Waterloo Bridge and his rear in the direction of the Sulphur Springs; in his rear, and immedi- ately in contact with him, was Banks corps, while IRenos corps was east and very near the Sulphur Springs. I was satisfied that no force of the enemy was on the north side of the Rappahannock, but I feared that during the next dayby which time the river would have fallen sufficiently to be passed at any of the fordsthe enemy would make an attempt to cross at Rappahannock Station or at the fords between that point and Sulphur Springs; yet, as we were confronted at Waterloo Bridge and Sulphur Springs by the main body of the enemy, still moving toward our right, and as the heavy column mentioned previously was marching with all speed in the direction of White Plains and Salem, and from these points would be able to turn our right by the direction of Thoroughfare Gap or even north of that place, it was with the greatest reluctance, and only because I felt bound to do so under my instructions, that I took measures again to assure my communications with Fredericksburg. I append here- with orders and dispatches sent and received lnring the 23d and 24th of August, which will of themselves furnish a succinct account of th Page 33 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 33 movements here set forth and all the information and assurances upon which these movements were made. On the 23d I received a dispatch from the General-in-Chief, informing me that heavy re-enforcements would begin to arrive at Warrenton Junction the succeeding day, and on the 24th I received dispatches from Colonel ilaupt, the railroad su- perintendent at Alexandria, informing me that 30,000 men, ordered for- ward to join me, had demanded transportatiou from him, and that they would all be shipped that afternoon or early the next morning. The force which I thus expected, as reported to me, consisted of the division of General Sturgis, 10,000 strong; the division of General Cox, 7,000 strong; the corps of General Heintzelman, 10,000 strong, and the corps of General Franklin, 10,000 strong. By the night of the 25th it became apparent to me that I could no longer keep open my communications with Fredericksburg and oppose the crossing of the Rappahannock at IRappahannock Station without abandoning the road from Warrenton to Washington and leaving open to the enemy the route throngh Thoroughfare Gap and all other roads north of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad; and as the main body of his forces was constautly tending in that direction I determined no longer to attempt to mask the lower fords of the IRappahannock, but to assemble such forces as I had along the Warrenton turnpike between Warrenton and Gainesville, and give battle to the enemy on my right or left, as he might choose. I therefore directed General McDowell to occupy Warrenton with his own and Sigels corps, supporting him by Banks corps from the direction of Fayetteville. I pushed IReno for- ward to occupy a point near the Warre~aon turnpike and about 3 miles to the east of that town. I sent orders to General Porter, who had re- ported to me by note from the neighborhood of Bealeton Station, to push Forward and join IReno. Heintzelmans corps, which had reached War- renton Junction, was ordered to remain for the present at that point, it being my purpose to push forward that corps as soon as practicable to L~reenwich, about half way between Warrenton and Gainesville. I sent orders to Colonel flaupt to direct one of the strongest divisions being sent forward to take post ii~ the works at Manassas Junction, and requested General ilalleck to push Franklin with all speed to Gaines- ville; that he could march quite as rapidly as he could be transported by rail with the limited means of railroad transportation in our posses- don, and that his baggage and supplies could be sent forward to Gaines- ville by rail. I also sentorders to the colonel commanding at Manassas Junction for the first division that reached there from Alexandria to halt and take post in the works at that place, and directed him also to push forward all of his cavalry in the direction of Thoroughfare Gap, to watch any movements the enemy might make from that direction. [had instructed General Sturgis, commanding at Alexandria, on the ~2d of August, to post strong guards along the railroad from Manassas Junction to Catletts Station, and requested kim to superintend this in person. I also directed General Kearny, who reached Warrenton Junc- ~ion on the 23d, to see that sufficient guards were placed all along the railroad in his rear. After these precautions and assurances I thought ~nd confidently expected that by the afternoon of the 26th Franklin would have been at or near Gainesville, one division would have been ccupying the works at Manassas Junction, and that the forces under Sturgis and Cox would have been at Warrenton Junction, whence they could have at once been pushed north in the direction of Warrenton turnpike. The orders for the disposition of the forces Wen under my 3 R RYOL XIJ~ PT I Page 34 34 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXCV. command were sent, and the movements made, so far as practicable, during the day ~f the 26th. About 8 oclock at night on the 26th the advance of Jacksons force, having passed through rfhoroughfare Gap, cut the railroad in the neighborhood of Kettle Run, about 6 miles east of Warrenton Junction. The cavalry force which I had sent forward toward Thoroughfare Gap on the morning of the 26th made no report to me. The moment our communications were interrupted at Kettle Run I was satisfied that the troops which had been promised me from the direction of Washington had made no considerable progress. Had Franklin been even at Centreville on the 26th, or had (Jox and Sturgis been as far west as Bull Run on that day, the movement of Jackson through Thoroughfare Gap upon the railroad at Manassas would have been utterly impracticable. So confidently did I expect, from the assurances which I had time and again received, that these troops would be in position, or at all events far advanced toward me, that Jacksons movement toward White Plains and in the direction of Thoroughfare Gap had caused but little uneasiness; but on the night of the 26th it was very apparent to me that all these expected re-enforcements had utterly failed me, and that upon the small force under my own imme- diate command I must depend alone for any present operations against the enemy. It was easy for me to retire in the directioii of the lower fords of the Rappahannock to Fredericksburg, so as to bring me in immediate contact with the forces there or arriving there, but by so doing I should have left open the whole front of Washington; and after my own disappointment of the re.enforcements which I had expected II was not sure that there was any sufficient force, in the absence of the army under my command, to cover the capital. I determined there- fore at once to abandon the line of the Rappahannock and throw my whole force in the direction of Gainesville and Manassas Junction, to crush the enemy, who had passed through Thoroughfare Gap, and to interpose between the army of General Lee and Bull Run. During the night of the 26th the main body of the enemy still occupied their positions from Sulphur Springs to Waterloo Bridge and above, but toward morning on the 27th 1 think their advance moved off in the direction of White Plains, pursuing the route previously taken by Jackson, and no doubt with a view of uniting with him eastward of the Bull Run Range. From the 18th of August until the morning of the 27th the troops under my command had been continuously marching and fighting night and day, and during the whole of that time there was scarcely an interval of an hour without the roar of artillery. The men had had little sleep, were greatly worn down with fatigue, had had little time to get proper food or to eat it, had been engaged in constant battles and skirmishes, and had performed services laborious, dangerous, and ex- cessive beyoud any previous experience in this country. As was to be expected under such circumstances, the numbers of the army under my command had been greatly reduced by deaths, by wounds, by sick- ness, and by fatigue, so that on the morning of the 27th of August I estimated my whole effective force (and I think the estimate was large) as follows: Sigels corps, 9,000 men Banks corps, 5,000 men; McDow- ells corps, including Reynolds division, 15,500 meti; Renos corps, 7,000 men; the corps of lleintzelman and Porter (the freshest by far in that army), about 18,000 men; making in all 54500 men. Our cavalry nmnbered on paper about 4,000 men, but their horses were completely broken down and there were not 500 men, all told, capable of doin Page 35 Ci~& r. XXIY.J GENERAL REPORTS. 35 much service, as should be expected from cavalry. The corps of lleintzelman had reached Warrenton Junction, but it was without wagons, without artillery, with only 40 rounds of ammunition to the man, and without even horses for the general aud field officers. The ~ of Porter had also reached Warrenton Junction with a very small eupply of provisions and but 40 rounds of ammunition for each man. On the morning of the 27th, in accordance with the purpose pre- viously set forth, I directed McDowell to move forward rapidly on Gainesville, by the Warrenton turnpike, with his own corps and Sigels and the division of Reynolds, so as to reach that point during the night. I directed General iReno, with his corps, followed by Kearnys division, of Heintzelmans corps~ to move rapidly on Greenwich, so as to reach there that night, to communicate at once with General McDowell, and to support him in any operations against the enemy in the vicinity of Gainesville. I moved forward along the railroad toward Manassas Junction with Hookers division, of Heintzelmans corps, leaving orders for General Porter to remain with his corps at Warrenton Junction until relieved by General Banks, who was marching to that place from Fayetteville, and, as soon as he was relieved, to push forward also in the direction of Gainesville, where at that time I expected the main collision with the enemy would occur. The army trains of all the corps I instructed to take the road to Warrenton Junction and follow in the rear of Hookers division toward Manassas Junction, so that the road pursued by the trains was entirely covered from any possible interruption by the enemy. On the afternoon of the 27th a severe engagement occurred between Hookers division and Ewells division, of Jacksons forces. The action commenced about 4 miles west of Bristoe Station. Ewell was driven back along the railroad, but still confronted Hooker at dark along to the banks of Broad Run, immediately in front of Bristoe Station, at which point I arrived at sunset. The loss in this engagement was about 300 killed and wounded on each side. The enemy left his dead, many of his Wounded, and much of his baggage on the field of battle. The railroad had been torn up and ~he bridges burned in several places between Bristoe Station and Warrenton Juncti. n. I accord- ingly directed Major-General Banks to cover the railroad trains at Warrenton Junction until General ~ corps had marched from that place, and then to run back the trains as far as practicable, and, covering them with his troops, to repair the bridges as fast as possible. I also directed Captain Merrill, of the Engineers, with a considerable force, to repair ~he railroad track and bridges as far as possible in the direction of Bristoe Station. The road was accordingly put in order from Warrenton Junction to Kettle Run during the 27th, and the trains run back to that point early next day. At dark on the 27th General Hooker reported to me that his ammu- nition was nearly exhausted, and that he had but about 5 rounds to the man left. I had by that time become conscious that the whole force under Jackson, consisting of his own, A. P. Hills, and Ewells divisions, was south of the Warrenton turnpike and in the immediate neighborhood of Manassa8 Junction. McDowell reached his position during the night of the 27th, as did also Kearny and Reno, and it was clear on that night that we had interposed completely between Jack- son and the main body of the enemy, which was still west of the Bull Run range aiA in the neighborhood of White Plains. Thinking it altogether likely that Jackson would mass his whole force atid attempt tQ turn our right at Bristoe Station, and knowing that Hoo~ev, fo Page 36 0 343 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAr. XXIV. want of ammuiiition, was in little condition to make long resistance, I sent back orders to General Porter, about dark of th~ 27th, to move forward at 1 oclock in the night and report to me at Bristoe by day. light in the morning, leaving instructions in some detail for Banks, who was expected at Warrenton Junction during that night or early in the morning. The orders for all these movemel4ts are herewith appended. General Porter failed utterly to obey the orders that were sent him, giving as an excuse that his men were tired, that they would straggle in the night, and that the wagon trains proceeding eastward, in the rear of Hookers division, would offQr obstructions to his march. He however, made no attempf whatever to comply with this order, although it was stated to him in the order itself that his presence was necessary on all accounts at daylight, and that the officer delivering the dispatch was instructed to conduct him to the field. There were but two courses left open to Jackson in consequence of this sudden and unexpected movement of the army: He could not re- trace his steps through Gainesville, as it was occupied l~y McDowell, having at command a force equal, if not superior, to his own, and was either obliged, therefore, to ietreat through Centreville, which would carry him still farther from the main body of Lees army, or to mass his force, assault us at Bristoe Station, and turn our right. He pur. sued the former course, and retired through Centreville. This mistake of Jacksons alone saved us from the consequences which would have followed this flagrant and inexcusable disobedience of orders on the part of General Porter. At 9 oclock on the night of the 27th, satisfied of Jacksons position, I sent orders to General McDowell to push forward at the very earliest dawn of day toward Manassas Junction from Gainesville, resting his right on the Manassas Gap Pailroad and throwing his left well to the east. I directed General Iteno to march at the same hour from Green- wich direct upon Manassas Junction, and Kearny to march at the same hour upon Bristoe. This latter order was sent to Kearny to render my right at Bristoe perfectly secure against the probable movement of Jackson in that direction. Kearnv arrived at Bristoe about 8 oclock in the morning, IReno being on his left and marching direct upon Manassas Junction. I immediately pushed Kearny forward in pursuit of Ewell toward Manassas, followed by Hooker. General Porters corps did not arrive at Bristoe until 10.30 oclock in the morning, and the moment he found that Jackson had evacuated Manassas Junction he requested permission to halt at T3ristoe and rest his men. Sykes division, of Porters corps, had spent the whole day of the 27th, from 10 oclock in the morning until daylight, of the 28th, in camp at Warren- ton Junction. Morells division, of the same corps, had arrived a~ War- renton Junction during the day of the 27th, and also remained there during the whole of that night. Porters corps was by far the freshest in the whole army, and should have been, and I believe was, in better condition for service than any troops we had. General McDowell reported to me afterward that he had given orders for the movement of his command upon Manassas Junction at 2 oclock at night, in ac- cordance with the directions I had sent him, but General Sigel, who commanded his advance and was at Gainesville, instead of moving for. ward from Gainesville at daylight, as he was ordered, was absolutely with his advance in that town as late as 7.30 ocltick in the morning. Meantime, beginning about 3 oclock in the morning of the 28th, Jack- son commenced evacuating Manassas Junction, and his troops were pi~rching from that point in the direction of Centreville u~t1l 10 or 1 Page 37 dtlAP. xkw.I oclock in the day. If the whole force under McDoxvell had moved for- ward a~ direc& d and at the time specified they would have ititercepted Jacksons retreat toward Centreville by 8 oclock in the morning, and I do not believe it would have been possible for Jackson to have crossed Bull Run, so closely engaged with our forces, without heavy loss. I reached Manassas Junction with Kearnys divisioif and Renos corps about 12 oclock in the day of the 28th, less than an hour after Jackson in person had retired. I immediately pushed forward Hooker, Kearny, and Reno upon Centreville, and seut orders to Fitz John Porter to come forward to Manassas Junction. I also wrote to McDowell, and stated the facts, so far as we were then able to ascertain them, and directed him to call back the whole of his force that had come in the direction of IMlanassas Junction and to move forward upon Centreville. He had, however, without my knowledge, detached liicketts division in the direction of Thoroughfare Gap, and that division was no longer avail- able in his movement toward Centreville. Late on the afternoon of the 28th Kearny drove the enemys rear guard out of Centreville, and occu- pied that town, with his advance beyond it, about dark. The enemy retreated through Centreville, one portion of his force taking the road by Su~ley Springs, and the other pursuing the Warrenton turnpike toward Gainesville, destroying the bridges on that road over Bull Run and Cub Run. McDowell, with his whole force, consisfing of his own corps, except Ricketts division, Sigels corps, and the division of Rey- nolds, marching in the direction of Centreville, encpuntered the advance of Jacksons force retreating toward Thoroughfare Gap about 6 oclock on the evening of the 28th. A severe action took place between Kin~s division, of McDowells corps, and the advance of Jackson, which was terminated by darkness. Each party maintained its ground. Gibbons brigade, of Kings division, which was in the advance of that division, sustained the brunt of the action, but was supported handsomely by Doubledays brigade, which came into action shortly after. This en- gagement and its result were reported to me near Centreville about 10 oclock that night. I felt sure then, and so stated, that there was no escape for Jackson. I accordingly sent orders to General McDowell, as also to General King, several times during the night of the 28th, and once by his own staff officer, to hold his ground at all hazards to prevent the retreat of Jackson to the west, and that at daylight in the morning our whole force from Centreville and Manassas Junction would be up with the enemy, who must be enushed between us. I also sent orders to Geii- eral Kearny to push forward at 1 oclock that night cautiously from Centreville along the Warrenton turnpike; to drive in the pickets of the enemy, and to keep closely in contact with him during the night; to rest his left on the Warrenton turnpike and throw his right well to the north, if possible across Little River turnpike; at daylight in the morning to assault vigorously with his right advanced, and that Hooker and Reno would be up with him very shortly after daylight. I sent orders to General Porter, whom 1 supposed to be at Manassas Junction, where he should have been in compliance with my orders of the day previous, to move upon Centreville at the earliest dawn, and stated to him the position of the forces, and that a severe battle would undoubt- edly be fought during the morning of the 29th. The only apprehen- sion I had at that time was that Jackson might attempt to retreat to the north in the direction of Leesburg, and, for the purpose of prevent- ing this, I directed Kearny to keep closely in contact with him durin Page 38 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [dHAP. ZXIV. the whole of the night of the 28th. My forces were so disposed that McDowell, Sigel, and Reynolds, whose joint forces amo& rnted to about 25,000 men, were immediately west of Jackson and between him and Thoroughfare Gap, whilst Kearny, Hooker, Reno, and Porter, about 25,000 strong, were to fall on him from the east at daylight in the morn- ing or very shortly after. With this disposition of troops we were so far in advance of Longstreet that, by using our whole force vigorously, we should be able to crush Jackson before Longstreet could by any possibility reach the scene of action. To my great disappointment, however, I learned toward daylight on the morning of the 29th that Kings division had fallen back in the direction of Manassas Jnnction, thins leaving open the road to Thoroughfare Gap, and making new movements and dispositions of troops imniediately necessary. I submit herewith the reports of Generals King, Gibbon, and Double- day of the action of the evening of the 28th, as also a detailed report of General McDowell. The orders directing all these movements are also appended, and they bring the operations of the army np to the 29th of August. The losses in Kings division in the action of the evening of the 28th were principally in Gibbons brigade of that division, and numbered . Gibbons brigade consisted of some of the best troops in the service, and the conduct of both men and officers was gallant and distinguished. The report of General Kin g,* herewith appelided, exhibits his high opinion of the conduct of this brigade, and of the officers who distinguished themselves in that action. The disposition of troops on the west of Jackson having failed through Ricketts movement toward Thoroughfhre Gap and the con- sequent withdrawal of King, an immediate change in the disposition and proposed movements of the troops for the succeeding day became necessary, and about daylight on the morning of the 29th, shortly after I received information of the withdrawal of Kings division, I sent orders to General Sigel, who was in the neighborhood of Groveton, supported by Reynolds division, to attack the enemy vigorously as soon as it was light enough to see, and bring him to a stand if it were possible to do so. I instructed General lleintzelman to push forward from Centreville toward Gainesville at the earliest dawn with the divisions of Hooker and Kearny, and directed General Reno to follow closely in his rear; to use all speed, and as soon as he came up with the enemy to establish commnnication with Sigel, and attack with the utmost promptness and vigor. I also sent orders to Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter, at Manassas Junction, to move forward with the utmost rapidity with his own corps and Kings division, of McDowells corps, which was supposed to be at that point, upon Gainesville, by the direct road from Manassas Junction to that place. I urged him to make all speed, that he might come up with the enemy, and be able to turn his dank near where the Warrenton turnpike is intersected by the road from Manassas Junction to Gainesville. Shortly after sending this order I received a note from General McDowell, whom I had not been able to find during the night of the 28th, dated at Manassas Junction, requesting that Kings division might not be taken from his command. I immediately sent a joint order to Generals McDowell and Porter, directing them, with their two corps, to march with all speed toward Gainesville on the direct road from Manassas Junction. This order, which is appended, sets forth in detail the movements they were directed to make. * Kings report not found. See liis letter of September 28 to Schriver in Corr~ spoudenee, etc., Part III, p. 816 Page 39 CHAP. lily.] t~ENBRAL 1~EPORTS. 39 Sigel attacked the enemy about daylight on the morning of the 29th, a mile or two east of Groveton where he was soon joined by the divis- ions of Hooker and Kearny. Jackson fell back several miles, but was so closely pressed by these forces that he was compelled to make a stand and to make the best defense possible. He accordingly took up a position with his left in the neighborhood of Sudley Springs, his right a little to the south of Warrenton turnpike, and his line covered by an old railroad grade which leads from Gainesville in the direction of Leesburg. His batteries, which were numerous, and some of them of heavy caliber, were posted behind the ridges in the open ground on both sides of Warrenton turnpike, whilst the mass of his troops was sheltered in dense woods behind the railroad embankment. I arrived on the field from Centreville about noon, and found the two armies confronting each other, both considerably cut up by the sharp action in which they had been engaged since daylight in the morning. Heintzelmans corps occupied the right of our line in front or west of the Sudley Springs road. General Sigel was on hi~ left, with his line extended a short distance south of the Warrenton turnpike, the division of General ~Jchenck occupying the high ground to the left of that road. The extreme left was occupied by the division of Gen- eral Reynolds. General Renos corps had reached the field, and most of it had been pushed forward into action, leaving four regiments in reserve and in rear of the center of our line. Immediately after I reached the ground General Sigel reported to me that his line was weak; that the divisions of Schurz and Steinwehr were much cut up, and ought to be drawn back from the front. I informed General Sigel that this was utterly impossible, as there were no troops to replace them, and that he must hold his ground; that I would not again push his troops into action, as the corps of Porter and McDowell were moving forward from Manassas Junction on the road to Gainesville and must very soon be in position to fall upon the enemys right flank and prob- ably upon his rear. I rode to the front of our line and inspected it from right to left, giving the same information to Generals Heintzelman and Reno. The troops were accordingly suffered to rest in their posi- tions and to resupply themselves with ammunition. From 12 oclock until 4 very severe skirmishes occurred constantly at various points on our line, and were brought on at every indication that the enemy made of a disposition to retreat. About 2 oclock in the afternoon several pieces of artillery were dis- charged on the extreme right of the enemys line, and I fully believed that Generals Porter and McDowell had reached their positions and had become engaged with the enemy. I did not hear more than three shots fired, and was at a loss to know what had become of these two corps or what was delaying them; but I received information shortly afterward that General McDowell was advancing to join the main body by the Sudley Springs road, and would probably be up with us in two hours. At 4.30 oclock I sent a peremptory order to General Porter to push forward at once into action on the enemys right, and, if possible, to turn his rear, stating to him generally the condition of things on the field in front of me. About 5.30 oclock, when General Porter should have been coming into action in compliance with this order, I directed Generals Heintzelman and IReno to assault the left of the enemy. The attack was !nade with great gallantry, and the whole of the left of the enemy was doubled back tow~frd liis center, and our forces, after a sharp conflict of an hour and a half, occupied the field of battle, with the dead and wounded of the enemy in our hands. In thi Page 40 40 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., A~1P MD. (dIAP. kXI~. attack Grovers brigade, of Hookers division, was particularly distin- guished by a determined bayonet charge, breaking two of the enemys lines and penetrating to the third before it could be checked. By this time General McDowell had arrived on the field, and I pushed his corps immediately to the front along the Warrenton turnpike, with orders to fall upon the enemy ,~who was retreating toward the pike from the direction of Sudley Springs. The attack along the turnpikQ was made by Kings division at about sunset in the evening, but by that time the advance of the main body of the enemy, under Longstreet, had begun to reach the field, and. Kings division encountered a stubborn and determined resistance at a point about three-fourths of a mile in front of our line of battle. Whilst this attack was going on the forces under lleintzehnan and iReno continued to push back the left of the enemy in the direction of the Warrenton turnpike, so that about 8 oclock in the evening the greater portion of the field of battle was occupied by our army. Nothing was heard of General Porter up to that time and his forces took no part whatever in the action, but were suffered by him to lie idle on their arms, with in sight and sound of the battle, during the whole day. So far as I know, he made no effort whatever to comply with my orders or to take any part in the action. I do not hesitate to say that if he had discharged his duty as became a soldier under the circumstances, and had made a vigorous attack on the enemy, as he was expected and directed to do, at any time up to 8 oclock that night, we should have utterly crushed or captured the larger portion of Jacksons force before he could have been by any possibility sufficiently re-enforced to have made any effective resistance. I did not myselt feel for a moment that it was necessary for me, having given General Porter an order to march toward the enemy in a particular direction, to send him in addition specific orders to attack, it being his clear duty, and in accordance with every military precept, to have brought his forces into action wherever he encountered the enemy when a furious battle with that enemy was raging during the whole day in his immediate presence. I believe in fact, I am positivethat at 5 oclock in the afternoon of the 29th General Porter had in his front no considerable body of the enemy. I b~lievedthen,asJamverysurenow,thati~waseasilypracticable~or him to have turned the right flank of Jackson and to have fallen upon his rear; that if he had done so we should have gained a decisive victory over the army under Jackson before he could have been joined by any of ~me forces of Longstreet; and that the army of General Lee would have been so crippled and checked by the destruction of this large force as to have been no longer in condition to prosecute further operations of an aggressive character. I speak thus freely of the strange failure of General Porter, not because I am more convinced of it.s un- fortunate results now than I was at the time, but because a full investi- gation of the whole subject, made by a court-martial, has fully justified and confirmed that opinion. Our losses during the 29th were very heavy, but no separate returns of killed and wounded for that day have been made to me. I believed, from all~ I could learn from corps commanders, and so reported, that our loss during that day was not less than 6,000 or 8,000 killed and wounded, and I think this estimate will be confirmed by the general reports which cover the losses during the battles of the~27th,28th, 29th, and 30th Au- gust and the 1st of September. My estimate ~f the loss of the enemy, reported to the Department on the morning of the 30th, was based upon the statements made to me by Generals Hooker and Kearny, who ha Page 41 ~AP. XXTV.] GtNt1IAL REPOI~TS. 41 been over the whole field on the left. General Hooker estimated the loss of the enemy as at least two to one, and General Kearny as at least three to one, of our own. Every indication during the night of the 29th and up to 10 oclock on the morning of the 30th pointed to the retreat of the enemy from our front. Paroled prisoners of our own, taken on the evening of the 29th, and who came into our lines on the morning of the, 30th, reported the enemy retreating during the whole night in the direction of and along the Warrenton turnpike. Generals McDowell and lleintzelman, who reconnoitered the positions held by the enemys left on the evening of the 29th, confirmed this statement. They reported to me that the positions occupied by the enemys left had been evacuated, and that there was every indication that he was retreating in the direction of Gainesville. On the morning of the 30th, as may be supposed, our troops, who had been so continually marching and fighting for so many days, were in a state of great exhaustion. They had had little to eat for two days previous, and the artillery and cavalry horses had been in harness and saddled continually for ten days, and had had no forage for two days previous. It may easily be imagined how little these troops, after such severe labor, and after undergoing such hardship and privation, were in condition for active and efficient service. I had telegraphed to the General-in-Chief on the 28th our condition, and had begged of him to have rations and forage sent forward to us from Alexandria with all dispatch. I also called his attention to the imminent need of cavalry horses to enable the cavalry belonging to the army to perform any service whatever. About daylight of the 30th I received a note from General Franklin, herewith appended ,written by direction of General McClellan, and dated at 8 oclo~k the evening before, informing me that rations and forage would be loaded into the available wagons and cars at Alexandria as soon as I would send back a cavalry escort to bring out the trains. Such a letter, when we were fighting the enemy and Alexandria was swarming with troops, needs no comment. Bad as was the condition of our cavalry, I was in no situatioi~ to spare troops from the front, nor could they have gone to Alex~andria and returned within the time by which we must have had provisions or have fallen back in the direc- tion of Washington, nor do I yet see what service cavalry could have rendered in guarding railroad trains. It was not until I received this letter that I began to feel discouraged and nearly hopeless of any successful issue to the operations with which I was charged, but I felt it to be my duty, notwithstanding the des- perate condition of my command, from great fatigue, from want of pro- visions and forage, and from the small hope that I had of any effective assistance from Alexandria, to hold my position at all hazards and under all privations unless overwhelmed by the superior forces of the enemy. I had received no sort of information of any troops coming forward to my assistance since the 24th, and did not expect on the morning of the 30th that any assistance would reach me from the direction of Washington, but I determined again to give battle to thQ enemy on the 30th, and at least to lay on such blows as would cripple him as much as possible and delay as long as practicable any farther advance toward the capital. I acc~rdingly prepared to renew the engagement. At that time my effective forcesgreatly reduced by losses in killed, wounded, missing, and broken-down men during the severe operations of two or three days and nights previous, the shar Page 42 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. actions of Hooker, King, and iRicketts on the 27th and 28th, and the furious battle on the 29thwere estimated ~y mc aiid others as follows: McDowells corps, including Reynolds division, 12,000 men; SigePs corps, 7,000 men; Renos corps, 7,000; lleintzelnians corps, 7,000 men; Porters corps, which had been in no engagement, and was, or onght to have been, perfectly fresh, I estimated at about 12,000 men, includ- ing the brigade of Piatt, which formed a part of Sturgis division, and the only portion that ever joined me; bnt of this force the brigades of Piatt and of Griffin, numbering, as I understood, about 5,000 men, had been suffered to march off at daylight on the 30th to Centreville, and were not available for operations on that day. This reduced Porters effective force on the field to about 7,000 men, which gave me a total force of 40,000 men. Banks corps, about 5,000 strong, was at Bristoe Station, in charge of the railroad trains and of a portion of the wagon trains of the army still at that place. Between 12 and 2 oclock in the day I advanced the corps of Porters supported by Kings division, of McDowells corps, to attack the enemy along the Warrenton turnpike. At the same time I directed lleintze]- man and Reno, on our right, to push forward to the left and front toward Warrenton turnpike and attack the enemys left in flank, if possible. For a short time Ricketts division, of McDowells corps, was placed in support of this movement on our right. It was necessary for me to act thus promptly and make an attack, as I had not the time~ for want of provisions and forage, to await an attack from the enemy, nor did I think it good policy to do so under the circumstances. During the whole night of the 29th and the morning of the 30th the advance of the main army under Lee was arriving on the field to re-enforce Jaclison, so that by 12 or 1 oclock in the day we were confronted by forces greatly superior to our own, and these forces were being every moment largely increased by fresh arrivals of the enemy from the direction of Thorough- fare Gap. Every moment of delay increased the odds against us, and I therefore advanced to the attack as rapidly as I was able to bring my forces into action. Shortly after General Porter moved forward to the attack along the Warrenton turnpike and the assanit on the enemy was made by lleintzelman and Reno on the right it became apparent that the enemy was massing his troops as fast as they arrivSd on the field on his right and was moving forward from that direction to turn our left, at which point it was plain he intended to make his main attack. I accordingly directed General McDowell to recall Ricketts division immediately from our right and post it on the left of our line with its left refused. The attack of Porter was neither vigorous nor persistent, and his troops soon retired in considerable confusion. As soon as they commenced to fall back the enemy advanced to the assault, and our whole line from right to left was soon furiously engaged. The main attack of the enemy was made upon our left, but was met with stubborn resistance by the divisions of General Schenck, General Mil- roy, and General Reynolds, who, shortly after the action began, were re-enforced on their left and rear by the division of Ricketts. The action raged furiously for several hours, the enemy bringing up his heavy reserves and pouring mass after mass of his troops upon our left. So greatly superior in number were his forces that, whilst overpowering us on our left, he was able to as~ault us also with very superior forces on our right. Porters forces were rallied and brought to a halt as they were retiring to the rear. As soon as they could be used I pushed them forward to support our left, and they there rendtwed most distinguished service, especially the brigade of regulars under Colonel Buchanan Page 43 GI~NERAL REPOI~Ts. Towers brigade, of iRieketts di\~ision, was pushed forward into action in support of Reynolds division, and was led forward in person by General Tower with conspicuous skill and gallantry. The conduct of that brigade, in plain view of all the forces on our left~ was especially distinguished, and drew forth hearty and enthusiastic cheers. The example of this brigade was of great service, and infused new spirit into all the troops who witnessed their intrepid conduct. iRenos corps was also withdrawn from its position on our right center late in the afternoon and thrown into the action on our left, where it behaved with conspicuous gallantry. Notwithstanding these great disadvantages our troops held their ground with the utmost firmness and obstinacy, and the losses on both sides were very heavy. By dark our left had been forced back about half or three-quarters of a mile, but still remained firm and unbroken and still covered the turnpike in our rear. About 0 oclock in the afternoon I heard accidentally that Franklins corps had arrived at a point about 4 miles east of Centreville and 12 miles in our rear, and that it was only about 8,000 strong. The result of the battle of the 30th, the very heavy losses we had suffered, and the complete prostration of our troops from hnnger and fatigue made it plain to me that we were no longer able, in the face of such over- whelming odds, to maintain our position so far to the front, nor would we have been able to do so under any circumstances, suffering as were the men and horses from fatigue and hunger and weakened by the heavy losses incident to the uncommon hardships which they had suP fered. About 8 oclock at night, therefore, I sent written instructions to the commanders of corps to withdraw leisurely toward Centreville, and stated to them what route each should pursue and where they should take post. General Reno was instructed with his whole corps to cover the movements of the army toward Centreville. The withdrawal was made slowly, quietly, and in good order, no pursuit whatever having been attempted by the enemy. A division of infantry, with its bat- teries, was posted to cover the crossing of Cub Run. The exact losses in this battle I am unable to give, as the reports received from the corps commanders only exhibit the aggregate losses during the whole of the operations from the 22d of August to the 2d of September. Before leaving the field that night I sent orders to General Banks, at Bristoe Station, to destroy the railroad trains and such of the stores in them as he was unable to carry off, and rejoin me at Centreville. I had previously sent him orders to throw into each wagon of the army trains as much as possible of the stores from the railroad cars, and to be sure and bring off with him from Warrenton Junction and Bristoe all the ammunition and all the sick and wounded that could be transported, and for this purpose, if it were necessary, to throw out the personal baggage, tents, & c., from the regimental trains. These several orders are appended. At no time during the 28th, 29th, 30th, and 31st of August was the road between Bristoe Station and Centreville interrupted by the enemy. The whole of the trains of the army were on that road in charge of General Banks, and covered and protected by his whole corps. If any of these wagons were lost, as I believe none were, it was wholly without necessity. I enter thus speci- fically into this matter, and submit the orders sent to General Banks and his subsequent report to me, because no part of the misrepresenta- tion of this campaign has been grosser than the statement of our heavy loss of wagons and supplies. The orders submitted will show conchi. sively that every arrangement was made, in the utmost detail, for th Page 44 44 OIERATIONS iN N. VA., W. VA., AN~ MP. [~AP. ZZtV. security of our traiiis and supplies, and I am quite convinced that General Banks is not the man to neglect the duty with which he was charged. I arrived at Centreville between 9 and 10 oclock on the night of the 30th. The same night I sent orders to the corps commanders to report to me in person as early after daylight as possible on the morn- ing of the 31st, and on that morning the troops-were directed to be posted as follows: Pwter to occupy the intrenchments on the north or right of Centreville; Franklin on his left, in the intrenchments. In rear of Centreville, between Franklin and Port er, as a support, was posted the corps of lleintzelman. Sigel occupied the intrenchments on the left and south side of the town, with iReno on his left and rear. Banks was ordered to take post, as soon as he arrived, on tJae north side of Bull Run, and to cover the bridge on the road from Centreville to Manassas Junction. Sumner, as soon as he arrived, was ordered to take post between Centreville and Chantilly, and to occnpy Chantilly in force. McDowell was posted about 2 miles in the rear of Centre- ville, oii the road to Fairfax Court-House. Ammunition trains and some provisions were gotten up on the 31st, and all corps commanders were - notified, by special order to each, that the ammunition trains were parked immediately in rear of Centrevihle, and were directed to send officers to procure such ammunition as was needed in their respective corps. I directed the whole of the trains of the army to be unloaded at Centreville and sent to Fairfax Station to bring up forage and rations. We remained during the whole day of the 31st resting the men, getting up supplies of provisions, and resupplying the command with ammunition. The enemys cavalry appeared in force in front of our advance at Cub Run during the morning of the 31st, but made no attempt, to cross and no attack upon our troops posted there. A few pieces of artillery were fired, but with no result on either side. The whole force that I had at Centreville, as reported to me by the corps commanders on the morning of the 1st of September, after receiving the corps of Sumner and Franklin, was as follows: McDowells corps, 10,000 men; Sigels corps, about 7,000 men; lleintzelm ans corps, about 6,000; iRenos, 6,000; Banks, 5,000; Porters, about 9,000 Franklins, 8,000; Sumners, 11,000in all, 62,000 men. From these forces two brigades, as I before stated, had been sent t~ Fairfax Station to guard the trains and the depot at that place, which makes it necessary to deduct 4,000 men. it is proper for me to state here, and I do it with regret and reluctance, that at least one-half of this great diminution of our forces was occasioned by skulking and straggling from the army. The troops which were brought into action fought with all gallantry and determi- nation, but thousands of men straggled away from their commands and were not in any action. I had posted several regiments in rear of the field of battle on the 29th of A ugust, and although many thousand strag- glers and skulkers were arrested by them, many others l)assed around through the woods, and did not rejoin their commands during the remainder of the campaign. I had telegraphed to the General-in-Chief, from Rappahanuock Station, on the 22d, that this practice of straggling was very common, and was reducing our force considerably, even at that time. I also sent orders on the same day to General Sturgis to arrest all stragglers arriving at Alexandria, to confine them in military l)risons, and to bring theum to speedy trial The active and incessant movements of the army prevented me, during the whole of this cam Page 45 GENERAL REPORTS. 45 paign, from giving that attention to the subject which ought to be and must be given to it, to preserve efficiency and discipline among any troops. Our cavalry at Centreville was completely broken down, no horses whatever having reached us to remount it. Generals Buford and Bayard, commanding the whole of the cavalry force of the army, reported to me that there were not 5 horses to the company that could be forced into a trot. It was impossible, therefore, to cover our front with cay- airy or to make cavalry reconnaissances, as is usual and necessary in front of an army. I directed General Sumner, on the morning of the 1st of September, to push forward a reconnaissance of two brigades toward the Little River turnpike, to ascertain if the enemy were making any movements in the direction of Germantown or Fairfax Court-House. The enemy was found moving again slowly toward our right, heavy columns of his force being in march toward Fairfax along Little River turnpike. The main body of our forces was so much broken down and so com pletely exhausted that they were in no condition, even on the 1st of September, for any active operations against the enemy, but I deter- mined to attack at daylight on the 2d of September in front of Chan- tilly. The movement of the enemy had become so developed by the afternoon of the 1st, and was so evidently directed to Fairfax Court- House, with a view of turning my right, that I made the necessary dis- position of my troops to fight a battle between the Little River pike and the road from Centreville to Fairfax Court-House. I sent General, Hooker early in the afternoon to Fairfax Court-House, and directed Pim to assemble all the troops that were in the vicinity and to push for- ward to Germantown with his advance. I directed McDowell to move back along the road to Fairfax Court- House as far as Difficult Creek, and to connect by his right with Hooker. Reno was to push forward to the north of the road from Centrevill~ to Fairfax in the direction of Chantilly. Heintzelmans corps was directed to take post on the road between Centreville and Fairfax, immediately in the rear of Iteno. Franklin took post on McDowells left and rear. Sumner was l)osted on the left of Heintzelman, whilst the corps of Sigel and Porter were directed to unite with the right of Sumner. Banks was instructed, with the wagon trains of the army, to pursue the Old Braddock road and come into the Alexandria turnpike in rear of Fairfax Court-House. Just before sunset on the 1st the enemy attacked us on our right, but was met by hooker, McDowell, Reno, and Kearnys divisions, of Heintzelmans corps. A very severe action occurred in the midst of a terrific thunder-storm, and was terminated shortly after dark. The enemy was driven back entirely from our front, but during that engagement we lost two of the best and one of the most distinguished of our general officersMajor-General Kearny and Brigadier-General Stevenswho were both killed while gallantly leading their commands and in front of their line of battle. It is un- necessary for me to say one word of commendation of two officers who were so well and widely known to the country. Words cannot express my sense of the zeal, the gallantry, and the sympathy of that most earnest and accomplished soldier Major-General Kearny. In him the country has suffered a loss which it willbe difficult, if not impossible, to repair. He died as he would wish to die, and as became his heroic character. On the morning of the 2d of September, the enemy still continuing his movement toward our right, my whole force was posted behind l)iffic~dt Creek; from Flint Hill to the Alexandria turnpike. 4lthon~ Page 46 46 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CH~. XXTV. we were quite able to maintain our position at that place until the stragglers could be collected and the aripy, after its labors and perils, put into condition for elThctive service, I considered it advisable, for reasons which developed themselves at Centreville, and which I ex- plained to the General-in-Chief and set forth herewith in the appendix, that the troops should be drawn back to the intrcnchments in front of Washington, and that some reorganization should be made of them, in order that earlier effective service should be secured than was pos- sible in their condition at that time. I received orders about 12 oclock on the 2d of September to draw back the forces within the intrench- ments, which was done in good order and without any interruption by the enemy. The reasons which induced me, before I took the held in Virginia, to express to the Government my desire to be relieved from the command of the Army of Virginia and to return to the West, existed in equal if not greater force at this time than when I first stated them. I ac- cordingly renewed urgently my application to be relieved. The Gov- ernment assented to it with some reluctance, and I was transferred to the command of the Department of the Northwest, for which depart- ment I left Washington on the 7th of September. It seems proper for me, since so much misrepresentation has beex put into circulation as to the support I received from the Army of the Potomac, to state here precisely what forces of that army came under my command and were at anytime engaged in the active operations of the campaign. Reynolds division of Pennsylvania Reserves, about 2,500 strong, joined me on the 23d of August at Itappahannock Station. The corps of lleintzelman and Porter, about 18,000 strong, joined me on the 20th and 27th of August at Warrenton Junction. The Pennsylvania Reserves, under Reynolds, and ~ corps, consisting of the divisions of Hooker and Kearn~, rendered most gallant and efficient service in all the operations which occurred after they had reported to me. Porters corps, from unnecessary and unusul delays and frequent and flagrant disregard of my orders, took no part whatever except in the action of the 30th of August. This small fraction of 20,500 men was all of the 91,000 veteran troops from ilarri- 5Oll~5 Landing which ever drew trigger under my command or in any way took part in that campaign. By the time that the corps of Franklin and Sumner, 19,000 strong, joined me at Centreville, the original Army of Virginia, as well as the corps of lleintzehnan and the division of Reynolds, had been so much cut up in the severe actions in which they had been engaged and, were so much broken down and diminished in numbers by the constant and excessive duties they had performed, that they were in little condition for any effective service whatever, and re- quired and should have had some days of rest to put them in anything like condition to perform their duties in the field. Such is the history of a campaign, substantiated by documents written during the operations and herewith appended, which has been misunderstood to an extent perhaps unparalleled in the history of war- fare. I submit it here to the public judgment, with all confidence that it will be fairly and deliberately considered, and a just verdict pro- nounced upon it and upon the ~w~my engaged in it. Upon such unbiased judgment I am very willing, setting aside any previous record I have made during this war, to rest my reputation as a soldier. I shall sub- mit cheerfully to the verdict of my countrymen, but I desire that that verdict shall be rendered upon a full knowledge of the facts. J well understood, as does every military man, how difficult aw~ ho Page 47 CUAP. xxiv.] GENERAL REPORTS. 47 thankless was the duty devolved upon me, and I am not ashamed to say that I would glally have avoided it if I could have done so con- sistently with my sense of duty to the Government. To confront with a small army vastly superior forces, to fight battles without hope of victory, bat only to gain time and to embarrass and delay the forward movements of the enemy, is of all duties the most hazardous and the most difficult which can be imposed upon any general ~or any army. While such operations require the highest courage and endurance on the part of the troops, they are perhaps unlikely to be understood or appreciated, and the results, however successful, have little in them to attract popular attention and applause. At no time could I have hoped to fight a successful battle with the immensely superior force of the enemy which conf~outed me, and which was able at any time to outflank ~ne and bear my small army to the dust. It was only by constant movement, by incessant watchfulness, and by hazardous skirmishes and battles that the forces under my com- mand were not overwhelmed, whilst at the same time the enemy was embarrassed and delayed in his advance upon Washington until the forces from the Peninsula were at length assembled for the defense of that city. I did hope that in the course of these operations the enemy might commit some imprudence or leave some opening of which I could take such advantage as to gain at least a partial victory over his forces. This opportunity was presented by the advance of Jackson upon Manassas Junction but, although the best dispositions possible under the circumstances were ordered, the object was frustrated in a manner and by causes which are now well understood. I am gratified to know that the conduct of that campaign, every detail of which was communicated day by day to the General-in-Chief was frilly approved by him and by the Government, and I now gladly submit the subject to the judgment of the country. General Banks rendered most efficient and faithful service throughout the campaign, and his conduct at the battle of Cedar Mountain and during the operations on the Upper Rappahannock was marked by great coolness, intrepidity, and zeal. General McI)owell led his corps during the whole of the campaign with eminent ability and vigor, and I am greatly indebted to him for zealous and distinguished service both in the battles of the 29th and 30th of August and in the opera- tions which preceded and succeeded those battles. General Sigel rendered useful service in reorganizing and putting in condition the First Army Corps of the Army of Virginia, and ~ii~d~ many valuable and highly important reconnaissances during the operations of the campaign. I cannot express myself too highly of the zealous, gallant, and cheerful manner in which General IReno deported himself from the beginning to the end of the operations. Ever prompt, earnest, and soldierly, he was the model of an accomplished soldier and a gallant gentleman, and his loss has been a heavy blow to time army and to the country. General Heintzelman performed his duty faithfully and hon- estly, whilst the commanders of the divisions of his corps (Generals Kearny and Hooker) have that place in the public estimation which they have earned by many gallant and heroic actions, and which ren- ders it unnecessary for me to do aught except pay this tribute to the memory of one and to the rising fame of the ether. Generals Williams, Augur, Crawford, Greene, Geary, Carroll, and Prince, of Banks corps, have been already noticed for their gallant and distinguished conduct at Cedar Mountain. Generals King and Ricketts, of 1\lcDowells corps, led their divisions throughout the operationm~ with skill and efficienc Page 48 48 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (Ciri~. XXIV. and General King, before he marched from Fredericksburg, rendered important service in organizing and dispatching the expeditions which on several occasions broke up the line of the Virginia Central Railroad. Generals Patrick, Doubleday, Gibbon, llartsuff, Duryea, and Tower commanded their brigades in the various operations of this campaign with ability and zeal. The latter-named officer especially was particu. larly distinguished by the long marches which he made, by his inces- sant activity, and by the distinguished gallantry he displayed in the action of the 30t.h of August, in which action he was severely wounded at the head of his brigade. General Hatch, after being relieved from the ~,~mmand of the cavalry of Banks corps, was assigned to the com- mand of one infantry brigade in Ktngs division, of McDowells corps, and during part of the operations was in command of that division and rendered good servicer Generals Schenck and -Milroy, of Sigels corps, exhibited great gallantry and zeal throughout the operations. They were engaged actively iii the battles of the 29th and 30th of August, and their commands were among the last to leave the field of battle on the night of the 30th, General Scheuck being severely wounded on that day. I must also mention in high terms the conduct of Generals Schurz, Stahel, and Steinwehr during the action of the 29th and 30th. Generals Birney, Robinson, and Grover, of lleintzelmans corps, com- manded their brigades during the action of the 29th and 30th, and Birney during the action of the 1st September, with zeal and gallantry, and Generals Birney and Grover were especially distinguished in the actions of the 29th and 30th of August, and Birney also in the en- gagement on the 1st of September. General Stevens, of Renos corps, was zealous and active throughout the operations, and distinguished himself in the most auspicious manner during the battles of the 29th and 30th of August. He was killed at the head of his command in the battle near Chantilly on the 1st of September, and his death will be deeply felt by the army and the conntry. Lient. Col. R. C. Buchanan, commanding a brigade of regulars of Porters corps, was noticeable for distinguished service on the afternoon of the 30th of August. Of the conduct of the officers commanding divisions and brigades of Porters corps I know nothing, having received no report from that officer of the operations of his corps. Brig. Gen. John F. Reynolds, ~ommanding the Pennsylvania Reserves, merits the highest commenda- tion at my hands. Prompt, active, and energetic, he commanded his division with distinguished ability throughout the operations, and per- formed his duties in all situations with zeal and fidelity. Generals Seymour and Meade, of that division, in like manner performed their duties with ability and gallantry and in all fidelity to the Government and to the army. General Sturgis arrived at Warrenton Junction on the 26th of August with Piatts brigade, of his division, the only portion of that division which ever joined me. This brigade was temporarily attached to the army corps of Fitz John Porter, and, although misled in conse- quence of orders to follow Griffins brigade, of Porters corps, which, for some unexplained reason, strayed from its corps to Centreville on the 30th of August, was led forward from that place by Generals Stur- gis and Piatt as soon as it was discovered that Griffin did not intend to go forward to the field of battle, and reported to me late in the after; noon of that day. Shortly afterward the brigade was thmown forward into action on ou~r left, where they acquitted themselves with great courage. Brigadier-General Sturgis, as well a~ General Piatt, deserve especial mejitio~ for the soldierly feeling which inducel them, afte Page 49 CHAP. ~T.] GENERAL REPORTS. 49 being thus misled and with the bad example of Griffin before their eyes, to push forward with such zeal and alacrity to the field of battle and for the valuable service which they rendered in the action of the 30th of August. Generals Bayard and Buford commanded the cav- alry belonging to the Army of Virginia. Their dnties were peculiarly arduous and hazardous, and it is not too much to say that thronghout the operations, from the first to the last day of the cam~iaign, scarcely a day passed that these officers did not render service which entitles them to the gratitnde of the Government. The detachmeiits of the Signal Corps with the various army corps rendered mQst important service, and I cannot speak too highly of the value of that corps and of the important information which from time to time they communicated to me. They were many times in positions of extreme peril, but were always prompt and ready to encounter any danger in the discharge of their dnties. Brig. Gen. Julius White, with one brigade, was in the beginning of the campaign placed in command at Winchester. He was selected for that position because I felt entire confidence in his courage and ability, and during the whole of his service there he performed his duty with the ntinost efficiency, and relieved me entirely from any apprehension concerning that region of country. He was withdrawn from his posi- tion by orders direct from Washington, and passed from under my com- mand. I transmit herewith reports of corps, division, and brigade commall(l- ers, which will be found to embrace all the details of their respective operations, and which do justice to the officers and soldiers under their command. To my personal staff I owe much gratitude and many thanks. Their duties were particularly arduous, and at times led them into the midst of the various actions in which we were engaged. It is saying little when I state that they were zealous, untiring, and efficieiit throughout the campaign. To Brigadier-General Roberts in particular I am in- debted for services marked throughout by skill, courage, and unerring judgment, and worthy of the solid reputation as a soldier he has ac- quired by many years of previous faithful and distinguished military service. I desire also specially to mention Brigadier-General Elliott, Surgeon MeParlin, Colonel Beckwith, Lieut. Col. T. C. H. Smith, Cap- tain Piper, chief of artillery, Captain Merrill, of the Engineers, and Lieutenant Shunk, chief of ordnance. I must also honorably mention the following members of my staff, the conduct of all of whom met my hearty approval and merits high commendation: Colonels Macomub, Clary, Marshall, Butler, Morgan, and Welch, Majors Selfridge and Meline, Captains Asch, Douglass Pope, Haight, Atchison, IDe Kay, Piatt, Paine, and Strother. Mr. McCain, confidential telegraph operator at my headquarters, accompanied me throughout the campaign, and was at all times eminently useful and efficient. My personal escort, consisting of two small companies of the First Ohio Cavalry, number- ing about 100 men, performed the most arduous service probably of any troops in the campaign. As orderlies, messengers, and guards they passed many sleepless nights and weary days. Their conduct in all the operations, as in every battle, was marked by uncommon activity and gallantry. The reports of corps, division, and brigade commanders, herewith submitted, exhibit the loss in killed, wounded, and missing in their 4 B BVOL XJI~ PT I Page 50 50 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. respective commands. No report of any description has been received from the army corps of Banks and IReno. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. POPE, Major-General, U. S. Votunteers. Brig. Gen. G. W. (JULLUM, Chief of Staff and of Rug rs, Hdqrs. qf Army, [Washington, 1). C. Such of the dispatches and orders sent and received during the campaign of the Army of Virginia as are referred to in the body of the report and are necessary to explain in detail the operations of the campatgn. No. I. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, GENERAL ORDERS, Washington, July 18, 1862. No. 5. Hereafter, as far as practicable, the troops of this command will sub- sist upon the country in which their operations are carried on. In all cases supplies for this purpose will be taken by the officers to whose department they properly belong under the orders of the commanding officer of the troops for whose nse they are intended. Vouchers will be given to the owners, stating on their face that they will be payable at tbe conclusion of the war, upon sufficient testimony being furnished that such owners have been loyal citizens of the United States since the date of the vouchers. Whenever it is known that supplies can be furnished in any district of the country where the troops are to operate the use of trains for carrying subsistence will be dispensed with as far as possible. By command of Major-General Pope: GEO. IJ. IRUGGLES, Colonel, Assistant Adjutant- General, and Chief of Staff No. 2. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, GENERAL ORDERS, Washington, July 18, 1862. No.6. Hereafter in any operations of the cavalry forces in this command no supply or baggage trains of any description will be used unless so stated specially in the order for the movement. Two days cooked rations will be carried on time persons of the men, and all villages or neighborhoods through which they pass will be laid under contribution, in the manner specified by General Orders, No. 5, current series, from these headquarters, for the subsistence of men and horses. Movements of cavalry must always be made with celerity, and no delay in such movements will be excused hereafter on any pretext. Whenever the order for the movement of any portiou of this army emanates from these headquarters the time of marching and that to be consumed in the execution of the duk# will be specifically designated, and no departure therefrom will he permitted to pass unnoticed without the gravest and most conclusive reasons. Commanding officers will be held responsible for strict and prompt compliance with every provision of this order. By command of Major-General Pope: GEO. D. IIUGGLES, Colonel, Assistant Adjutant- General, and Chief of Staff Page 51 ChAr. XXIV.l GENERAL REPORTS. 51 No. 3. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, No. 7. Wa8hi~qton, July 10 [1], 1862. The people of the valley of the Shenandoah and throughout the region of operations of this army living along the lines of railroad and telegraph and along the routes of travel in rear of the United States forces are notified that they will be held responsible for any injury done to the track, line, or road, or for any attacks upon trains or strag- gling soldiers by bands of guerrillas in their neighborhood. No privi- leges and immunities of warfare apply to lawless bands of individuals not forming part of the organized forces of the enemy nor wearing the garb of soldiers, who, see king and obtaining safety on pretext of being peaceful citizens, steal out in rear of the army, attack and murder straggling soldiers, molest trains of supplies, destroy railroads, tele- graph lines, and bridges, and commit outrages disgraceful to civilized people and revolting to humanity. Evil-disposed persons in rear of our armies who do not themselves engage directly in these lawless acts encourage them by refusing to interfere or to give any information by which such acts can be prevented or the perpetrators punished. Safety of life and property of all persons living in rear of our advancing armies depends upon the maintenance of peace and quiet among themselves and upon the unmolested movements through their midst of all pertaining to the military service. They are to understand (histinetly that this security of travel is their only warrant of personal safety. It is therefore ordered that wherever a raili oad, wagon road, or tele- graph is injured by parties of guerrillas the citizens living within 5 miles of the spot shall be turned out in mass to repair the damage, and shall, beside, pay to the United States in money or in property, to be levied by military force, the full amount of the pay and subsistence of the whole force necessary to coerce the performance of the work during the time occupied in completing it. If a soldier or legitimate follower of the army be fired npon from any house the house shall be razed to the ground, and the inhabitants sent prisoners to the headquarters of this army. If such an outrage occin at any place distant from settlements, the people within 5 miles around shall be held accountable and made to pay an indemnity suffi- cient for the case. Any persons detected in such outrages, either during the act or at any time afterward, shall be shot, without awaiting civil process. No such acts can influence the result of this war, and they can only lead to heavy afflictions to the population to no purpose. It is therefore enjoined upon all persons, both for the security of their property and the safety of their own persons, that they act vigorously and cordially together to prevent the perpetration of such outrages. Whilst it is the wish of the general commanding this army that all peaceably disposed persons who remain at their homes and pursue their accustomed avocations sjiall be subjected to no improper burden of war, yet their own safety m~ust of necessity depend upon the strict preservation of peace and order among themselves; and they are to understand that nothing will deter him from enforcing promptly and to the full extent every provision of this orJ~r. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. B. HUGGLES, Golonel, Assistant Adjutant-General, and Qhief-of.Staff Page 52 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. tCnA~. XXIV. 52 No. 4. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, No. 11. Washington, July 23, 1862. Commanders of army corps, divisions, brigades, and detached com- mands will proceed immediately to arrest all disloyal male citizens within their lines or within their reach in rear of their respective stations. Such as are willing to take the oath of allegiance to the United States and will furnish sufficient security for its observance shall be permitted to remain at their homes and pnrsue in good faith their accustomed avocations. Those who refuse shall be conducted South beyond the extreme l)ickets of this army, and be notified that if found again any- where within our lines or at any point in rear they will be considered spies, and subjected to the extreme rigor of military law. If any person, having taken the oath of allegiance as above specified, be fonnd to have violated it, he shall be shot, and his property seized and applied to the public use. All communication with any person whatever living within the lines of the enemy is positively prohibited, except through the military authorities and in the manner specified by military law; and any person concerned in writing or in carrying letters or messages in any other way will be considered and treated as a spy within the lines of the United States Army. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. B. RUGGLES Colonel, Assistant Adjutant- General, and Chief of & aff. No. 5. GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, No. 18. Near AS~perryville, Va., August 6, 1862. Hereafter, in all marches of the army, no straggling or lagging be- hind will be al]owed. Commanders of regiments will be held respon- sible that this order is observed, and they will march habitually in the rear of their regiments; company commanders in the rear of their re- spective companies. They will suffer no man of their command to fall behind them on any excuse, except by a written permit from the medical officer of the regi- ment that they are too sick to perform the march, and therefore must ride in ambulances. Medical officers will be responsible that no such written pass is im- properly given. IRegimental trains will march in rear of the divisions to which the regiments belong in the order of precedence of the regiments in that division. Brigade and division supply trains will follow in the rear of the respective army corps to which they belong. Ambulances and ammunition wagons will follow in rear of their respective regiments, and under no consideration whatever will any wagon or other vehicle be placed in the column of march other than as hereinbefore specified. Officers and soldiers of this army will habitually carry two days cooked rations upon their persons when ordered to perform a march. it is recommended to commanders of comps darmJe that in all cases when it is practicable the shelter-tents and knapsacks of ~he men be carried in the wagons Page 53 CHAP~XX!V~ G~NEI~AL 1~EPOTh1~. 53 At least 100 rounds of ammunition per man will be carried habitually in the cartridge boxes and on the persons of the men, and any captain of a company whose men at any time are deficient in this amount of ammunition will be arrested and reported to the War Department for dismissal from the service. A proper staff officer will be sent from these headquarters to inspect the troops while on the march, who will report to the major-general commanding any violation of, or departure from, the provisions of this order. Neither officer nor soldier will be permitted to leave his command while on the march, or cuter any house without a written permit from his brigade commander. Where soldiers are obliped for necessary purposes to leave the ranks while on the march they will turn over their muskets m~nd accouterments to the next man on their right, who shall carry the arms and accoutermeimts and be responsible for them till the owners shall have again taken their places iii the ranks. Commanders of corps will prescribe the number of rounds of artillery ammunition to be carried with each battery, but iu no case shall any battery be left with less than 200 rounds for each gun. As good order and discipline are essential to the success of any army, a strict compli- ance with the provisions of this order is enjoined upon all officers and soldiers of this command, and they are expected amid required to report to their superior officers every departure from them. Whilst the major- general commanding the army will see to it th, t every soldier is kindly cared for and supplied with everything necessary fbr his comf6rt, he takes occasion to announce to the army that the severest punishment will be inflicted npou every officer and soldier who neglects his duty and connives at or conceals any such neglect of duty or disobedience of orders on the part of any other officer or soldier. Commanders of army corps will see that this order is published immediately after the receipt at the head of every regiment in their command. By command of Major-General Pope: lIt. 0. SELFRTDGE, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 6. command. ~ -~ 5 0 ________________________ 0 1-4 First Army corps 10, 550 948 1, 730 13, 208 Second Army corps 13, 343 1, 224 4, 104 18, 671 Third Armycorps 17,604 971 2,904 21,479 41, 497 3, 143 8,738 53, 358 Deduct infirntry brigade at Winchester . 2, 500 Deduct regiment and battery at F~ont Royal 1, 000 Deduct cavalry unfit for service 3, 000 6,500 Total 46, 858 I certify that this is a true copy of the consolidated morning report of the Army of Virginia, dated July 31, 1862, commanded by Major. General Pope. MYEIt ASCII, (laj2tain and Aide-de-Camp Page 54 54 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV NOTE.Instead of 14,500 men Banks had oniy about 8,000 from his report to me after the battle of Cedar Mountain. (See correspondence on this subject with General Banks.) No. 7. MIDDLETOWT~, June 30, 18621.10 p. m. Major-General POPE: * * * The troops forming First Corps are not in good condition. They are weakened and poorly provided. The organization is not complete, and the whole cavalry force consists of not more than 800 effective men and horses. They are scarcely sufficient for picket and patrol duty, so that I can hardly ma.ke a reconnaissance. * * * F. SIGEL, Major- General, Commanding. No. 8. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Culpeper Court-House, August 8, 18G2[lO p. in.] Major. General HALLEcK, Washington: One division of the enemy (Elzeys) crossed the iRapidan to-day at Barnetts Ford, about 5 miles west of the railroad crossing, and rest- ing at Robertsons River. This is probably a reconnaissance in force, but it may be possibly an advance upon Culpeper. One division of McDowells and the whole of Banks corps are here to-night. Sigels will be here to-morrow morning, when I shall push the enemy again behind the Ilapidan, and take up a strong position, as you suggest in your dispatch of this date. I will be very careful that my communica- tions with -Fredericksburg are not interrupted. We captured to-day about 40 prisoners from the enemy, our loss being 1 cavalry soldier killed and 1 wounded. I have directed King to march to-morrow, and cross the Rapidan on the plank road at Germania Mills, or Elys Ford, just below it. It is about 35 miLes from Fredericksburg to this point. JNO. POPE, iiIfajor- General, Commanding. No. 9. - HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Culpeper Court-House, August 8, 1862. Major-General SIGEL, Commanding First Army Corps: GENERAL: The general commanding directs me, in reply to your dispatch of this date (6.50 p. in.), inquiring what road you shall take, to say that you are to march direct to Culpeper Court-House by the turnpike. He is surprised that you make this inquiry after his defi- nite instructions of this morning. He directs that you reach this point by 12 m. to-morrow. With great respect, general, your obedient servant, ~T. C. H. SMITH, Lieutenant- Colonel and Aide-de- Camp Page 55 ChAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 55 No. 10. MADISON COURT-HOUSE, August 8, [1862]. (Received at Headquarters Second Corps August 9, 8.40 a. in.) Major-General BANKS: All of my force is withdrawn from Madison Conrt-Honse and is in retreat toward Sperryville. The enemy is in force on both my right and left and in my rear. I may be cut off. JOHN BUFORD, Brigadier- General. Received by signal S a. in., Fairfax, [Culpeper C. H.] Va. No. 11. HDQRS. THIRD ARMY CORPS, A~~Y OF VIRGINIA, Culpeper Gourt-House, August 9, 1862. Major-General POPE: GENERAL: I have just received a letter from the colonel of the Rhode Island cavalry, who says:. All is quiet in front of us. The enemy is always before my vedettes. On my left there is perhaps a regiment of rebel infantry. In a word, I do not believe the enemy to be in force in our front. General Bayard hns just ordered me to march to repulse the enemy. Very respectfully, general, yonr obedient servant, IRVIN McDOWELL, Major-General, Yorndg. Third Army Corps, Army of Virginia. No. 12. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, SECOND CORPS, August 9, 18622.25. Major-General POPE: General Williams division has taken position on the right of the pike, the right on a heavy body of woods. General Angur on the left, his left resting on a mountain occupied by his skirmishers. He will soou be in position. The enemy shows his cavalry (which is strong) osten- tatiously. No infantry seen and not much artillery. Woods on left said to be full of troops. A visit to the front does not impress that the enemy intends immediate attack; he seems, however, to be taking positions. N. P. BANKS. No. 13. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, August 9, 18624.50. Colonel RUGGLES, Chiqf of Staff: About 4 oclock shots were exchanged by the skirmishers. Artillery opened fire on both sides in a few minutes. One regiment of rebel in- fantry advancing now deployed in fi-ont as skirmishers. I have ordered a regiment on the right, Williams division, to meet them, and one from the left; Angur to advance on the left and in front. N. P. BANKS. 5 P. M.They are now approaching each other Page 56 I. OPERATIONS IN l~. VA., W. VA., ANt Mt~. [~ni~XxI~. No. 14. [From the War Department, August 18.] UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPIT. General PorE: I fully approve your movement. I hope to push a. part of Burnsid& s forces to near Barnetts Ford by to-morrow night, to assist you in hold- ing that pass. Stand firm on the line till I can help you. Fight hard, and aid. will soon come. H. W. HALLECK, No. 15. General -in-Chief. HEADQUARTEI~S ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Rappaltannock AStation, August 20, 18628.30 a. m. (Received 10.30 a. in.) Major-General HALLECK: Your dispatch of yesterday received last night. I shall mass my whole force along what is known as Marsh Run, about 2~ or 3 miles northeast of Rappahannock Ford, occupying Kellys Ford with an ad- vance guard from my left, Rappahannock Ford with an advance guard from the center, and picketing strongly with cavalry the fords above me as far as the road from Sperryville to Warrenton. If the enemy attempt to turn my right by the way of Sulphur Springs they will prob- ably march direct on Warrenton, from which place a good turnpike conducts to Washington. Such a movement, however, will expose their dank and rear, and you may be sure I shall not lose the oppor- tunity. My right will be considerably refused along the railroad, as far, at least, as Bealeton Station. What relations with me will the corps of Fitz John Porter have ~ I should like to know exactly. I am going out to post my command. I have heard from Reno. He crossed safely yesterday at Kellys Ford and Barnetts Ford. The enemy so far has made no movement in advance. I think they are not yet ready, for want of transportation for supplies, to cross the Rapidan. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 16. [Received August 21,1862, from the War Department, Washington.] UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH. General POPE: I have telegraphed General Buruside to know at what hour he can re-enforce Reno. Am waiting his answer. Every effort must be made to hold the Rappahannock. Large forces will be in to-morrow. H. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chief. No. 17. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, 1?apjpahannock ktation, August 21, 18627.30 a~ m. Major-General HALLEcIK: The enemy has made no farther advance since yesterday afternoon, but his cavalry pickets are in plain view of -our front. After full examination of the ground I have determined to maintain the line o Page 57 GtNERAL REPORTS. 57 the iRappahannock instead of Marsh Creek. 1 have accordingly occu- pied advanced and commanding positions on the south side of the river, and have three bridges, besides the fords, to connect with theni. The maifi body of my command is posted along the north side of the river, having easy access to the front. I have masked the fords above and below me with infantry, cavalry, and artillery, and have no concern about any attack in the front, though, as previously suggested, my right can be turned at considerable distance above me. This, however, will require time, and will be, besides, a hazardous operation. We drew back behind the Ilappahannock in perfect order, withoizit leaviig any article whatever. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 18. [From War Department, washington, August 21, 1862.] UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH. General POPE: I have just sent General Bnrnsides reply. General Coxs forces are coming on from Parkersburg, and will be here to-morrow and the next day. Dispute every inch of ground, and fight like the devil till we can re-enforce you. Forty-eight hours more and we can make you strong enough. Dont yield an inch if you can help it. H. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chief. No. 19. HEADQUARTER~ ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Rappahannock Station, August 22, 186242 m. COMMANDING OFFIcER, Warrenton Junction: Keep your cavalry scouring the woods all around you and watching the roads, and pick up stragglers. You will keep them under guard at Catletts Station or use them for fatigue duty. By order of Major.General Pope: GEG. D. RUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Statf. No. 20. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Rajppahannock Station, August 22, 186212 m. (Received 1.15 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: The number of stragglers leaving this army just now, and the ease with which they escape, are becoming serious. Can theyutot be arrested and confined in prison at Washington, as I have not at present the means to bring them here or to keep them when I get them I JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 21. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 22, 186210.50 a. in. (Received 1 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: It is very apparent that the enemy is moving with a view of turnin Page 58 58 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. our right. He has no forces farther east than Stevensburg, and every- thing is tending up the river. I presume he will cross, if possible, at Sulphur Springs, on the pike to Washington. I would suggest that all the forces being sent from Fredericksburg be pushed forward imme- diately as far as this place, as I think there is no danger whatever on the lower fords of the ltapJ)ahanuock. A Captured letter from General Robert Lee to General Stuart, dated at Gordonsville,~August 13, clearly indicates their movement. We had several handsome skirinishesyester- day, in one of which one of our cavalry regiments on the south side ot the river charged over a regiment of rebel infantry, dispersing and driving them into the woods. Seventy head of the enemys beef cattle and 7 horses were captured. There has been heavy artillery firing all the morning, the enemy not yet having finished his preparation for attack. My whole force is massed and well in hand. We have had a great many casualties within the last two days of skirmishing and cami- nonading; I cannot tell how many. JNO. POPE, - Major- General. No. 22. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, R~ppahannock Station, August 22, 18625 p. in. (Received 8.30 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: I think that the troops of Heintzelman and Cox had best be landed from the train at Bealeton Station; Kearny on or near Licking River [Run], say 2 miles southwest of Warrenton Junction. The enemy has made no attempt to-day to cross the river. His movement np toward our right seems to have been continuous all day. I have little doubt, if he crosses at all, it will be at Sulphur Springs. Under present circuui- stances I shall not attempt to prevent his crossing at Stilphur Springs, but will mass my whole force on his flank in the neighborhood of Fayetteville. By undertaking to defend the crossing. at Sulphur Springs 1 would much extend my lines and remove myself too far Ii~om the re-enforcements that are arriving by railroad. Before the enemy can be fairly across the river with any considerable force I shall be strong enough to advance from Fayetteville upon his flank. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 23. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Rappahannock Station, august 22, 18626.30 p. m. (Received 9.40 p. in.) Major-General HALLECK: Everything indicates clearly to me that the enemys movement will be upon Warrenton, by way of Sulphur Springs. If 1 could know, with anything like certainty, by what time to expect troops that are starting from Alexandria I could act more understandingly. I have not heard of the arrival of any of the forces from Fredericksburg at Barnetts Ford below. Though I have withdrawn nearly the whole of Renos forees from Kellys Ford, I cannot move against Sulphur Springs just now without exposing my rear to the heavy force in front of me and having my comniuriication with the forces coming up the Rapp Page 59 ChAP. XXIY.J GENERAL REPORTS. 59 hannock intercepted and most likely the railroad destroyed. I think it altogether well to bring Franklins corps to Alexandria. Lee made his headquarters at Culpeper last night. He has the whole of his army in front of me. Its numbers you can estimate as well as myself. As soon as his plans are fully developed I shall be ready to act. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 24. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Rappahannock Station, August 22, 18629 p. in. Major-General HALLECK: Scouts report a heavy force moving up across Hedgemans River, on the Sperryville and Little Washington pike, toward Warrenton, also crossing at Sulphur Springs. I think a brigade should be sent to guard the railroad bridge at Cedar Run, and that Heintzelmaus corps should be hurried forward with all possible dispatch. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 25. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 229.15 p. m. (Received 10 p. in.) General HALLEOK: Reports from our forces near Sulphur Springs just in. Enemy was crossing river to-day at Sulphur and on the road from Warrenton to Speiryville. He is still in heavy force at Rappahannock Ford and above, and my rear is entirely exposed if I move toward Sulphur Springs or Warrenton. I must do one of two thingseither fall back and meet lleintzelman behind Cedar Run or cross the Rappahanuock with my whole force and assail the enemys flank and rear. I must do one or the other at daylight. Which shall it be ~i I incline to the latter, but dont wish to interfere with your plans. JXO. POPE, Major- General. No. 26. [Received August 22, 1862, from war Department, Washington, 22, 11 p.m.] UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH. Major-General POPE: I think the latter of your two propositions the best. I also think you had better stop Heintzelmans corps and the troops of Sturgis and Cox as they arrive to-morrow at Warrenton Junction, instead of taking them to Bealeton. H. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chief. No. 27. [Received August 22, 1862, from Manassas, 10.40 p. in.] UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH. General POPE: We will continue to forward troops to Manassas unless you orde Page 60 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. otherwise, but beyond this point trains will be held to await your orders or until further information is received. HAUPT. No. 28. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Rajppahannock Station, August 23, 18622.20 a. m. Major-General HALLECK: As nearly as I can learn the facts, the enemys cavalry made a raid from the direction of Warrenton upon onr wagon trains at Catletts, and seem to have done some considerable damage to them through the gross carelessness of the guard, which was amply sufficient to protect them. Please hurry forward lleintzelman, as the enemy may reach Warrenton Junction before he does. Please push forward also all the troops moving up from Fredericksburg with orders to cross the Itappa- hannock at the various fords and march rapidly on Stevensburg. My movement will be made to-morrow, as soon as I find the enemy has passed a sufficient number of his troops over the river. The troops coming up from Fredericksburg should be hastened forward with all dispatch to Stevensburg and Brandy Station. It will be well also to send with them immediately a train with bread, sugar, coffee, and salt, as our railroad communication may be unsafe for a few days. JNO. POPE, ]Jfajor- General. No. 29. HEADQUARTERS FIRST CORPS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 23, 1862. Major-General POPE, commanding Army of Virginia: There is no doubt that the enemy has outflanked us, and that his army crosses near Sulphur Springs amid Foxs or Lawsons Ford. I therefore must instantly beg you to send General iRenos division to Fayetteville, which will be good and necessary for all emergencies, but it should be done to-night and immediately. General Banks, instead of marching to Lawsons Ford, as directed by me, has not done it, and the enemy is therefore crossing at Foxs Ford, from which ford General Bayard retired an hour or two ago. From Fayetteville General IReno can advance to Lawsons Ford, or maintain his position until you have made your proper arrangements. It would be, according to my opinion, the best to withdraw the Virst Corps toward Bealeton or my original position near Beverly Ford, to enable us to concentrate all our forces in a central position. General IReno would cover this niovement, and we would gain one day. I am, general, respectfully, yours, F. SIGEL, Major- General, Gommanding First Corps. No. 30. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 23, 1862. Major-General SIGEL: Your dispatch just received. General Buford is at Fayetteville, an Page 61 Cw& r. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 61 will watch any movements of the enemy toward that place or toward your right. Stand firm, and let the enemy develop toward Warren- ton. Re-enforcements are constantly arriving in our rear. I do not wish any farther extension of our lines to the right, but I desire the enemy to cross as large a force as he pleases in the direction of War- renton. When I wish to concentrate on the railroad I will cover your movement back. Be under no concern, but keep your whole command ready to march at a moments notice. Send word to Bayard to keep his position as far up the river as possible, and check, if you, find it necessary, any attempt of tbe enemy to cross at Lawsons Ford. By order of General Pope: T. C. II. SMITH, Lientenant-Golonel and Aide-de- Camp. No. 31. HEADQUARTERS ARJ~IY OF VIRGINIA, Augu8t 23, 18627.15 a. m. Major-General SIGEL: The river has risen here 6 feet, and is entirely impassable at any - ford. I have no doubt it is the same all the way up the river, as the main portion of the storm was above. The enemy, theref9fe, on this side is cut off from those on the other, and there is no fear of this posi- tion. You will accordingly march at once upon Sulphur Springs, and thence toward Waterloo Bridge, attacking and beating the eneniy wherever you find him. Banks corps and the force under General iReno will accompany and support you. McDowell, with his whole corps, marches direct on Warreuton, and you will be brought together in that neighborhood to-night. Move promptly up the river. The other troops will be close behind you. You ought to be in the neigh- borhood of Waterloo Bridge before sunset. I will accompany MeDow. elis corps and communicate fhrther with you in the course of the day. You will have an effilctive force of 25,000 men. Leave nothing behind you. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 32. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 23, 18627.35 a. m. Major-General BANKS: You will accompany and support General Sigel in his forward move- ments toward Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge. General Reno will follow you closely for the same purpose. McDowells corps marches immediately upon Warrenton. The river has risen 6 feet, and is nO longer passable by the enemy. his forces on this side are cut oil from those on the other, and we will march against those on this side, and our whole force will unite between Warrenton and Waterloo Bridge. Call in Crawford at once an.d leave nothing behind you. Follow Sigel very closely, and keep constant communication with him, as also with General IReno, in your rear. Be quick, for time is everything. JNO. POPE, Major.Ueneral Page 62 62 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AN)) MD. [CHAP. XXIY~ No. 33. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA; Rappahannock Station, August 23, 18628.30 a. rn. (Received 9 a. in.) Major-General HALLECK: The heavy storm of yesterday and last night has caused the river to rise 6 feet. There are no longer any fords, and the ~bridges are carried away. I succeeded in time in withdrawing my advanced forces from the south side of the river. The movement across the river on the enemys flank and rear is therefore impossible. The enemys forces on this side which have crossed at Sulphur Springs and iledgemans River are cut off from those on the south side. I march at once with my whole force on Srrlphur Springs, Waterloo Bridge, and Warrenton, in the hope to destroy these forces before the river runs down. The rain still continues, and I think we are good for thirty-six hours. As soon as I have effected this purpose, which I hope to do by an early hour to-morrow, I shall move back, detaching a large force to reopen my communications at Catletts and send forward supplies. If ileint- zelman and Cox move quickly it will be easy to hold the Rappahan- nock, leaving the enemy much damaged by his attempt to turn our right. You may not hear from me before to-morrow night. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 34. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 23, 186211 a. m. General REYNOLDS: You will please, on arriving at Rappahannock Station, follow the route taken by the army corps of General McDowell, passing Brigadier- General Towei, who is in command of the rear guard, and whom you will find near the railroad station. Please keep well closed, and close up to the rear of McDowells corps. Our march is to Warrenton, about 10 miles distant, which you must make to-night. By command of General Pope, commanding Army of Virginia: T. C. II. SMiTH, Lieutenant- Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. No. 35. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Warrenton, August 23, 186210 p. m. (Received August 24, 8.40 a. in.) Major-General IIALLFICK: My advance entered the town about an hour ago, the enemy evacuat- ing it on our approach. They fell back toward fledgemans River and Sulphur Springs. At the latter place my left was engaged about sunset, and now awaits daylight. I shall move rapidly at daylight upon Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge. If the enemy is really in large force on this side of the Rappahannock he will be trapped, as the river is very high behind. I will communicate further to-morrow morn ing. JNO. POPE, Major-General Page 63 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 63 No. 36. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 24, 18625 a. in. Major-General SIGEL, Gommanding, & c.: The advance division of McDowells corps occupied Warrenton last night without opposition. The head of his column was pushed just outside of town, on the road to Sulphur Springs, ready to move forward to that point should it be necessary. I am pushing a reconnaissance toward Waterloo Bridge to see what is there. Communicate fully to me through Captain Merrill, who will hand you this note, the condi. tio:i of things in front of you. Our work must be finished here to-day; we have no time to spare. Provisions will be in~ Warrenton this morn- ing. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 37. [Extract. Received August 24, 1862.] UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH. Major-General POPE: * * * Thirty thousand troops or more demand transportation. It is clear that the sudden demands exceed the capacity of the road. We can manage 12,000 troops per day, with supplies, if no accident occurs. The new troops might march, the veterans go in cars, horses driven, baggage, tents, & c., wait until they can be forwarded. Supplies take precedence. HAUPT. No. 38. tExtract.] UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH, Alexandria, August 24, 1862. Major-General POPE: We expect to clean out all the troops now here and all that are ex- pected to day. * * * H. - HAUPT. No. 39. HEADQUARTERS FIRST CORPS, Near Waterloo Bridge, August 25, 18621.40 p. m. Col. GEORGE D. RUGGLES, Chief cf Staff: Colonel BeardsP~y reports the enemys cavalry at Sulphur Springs and the village occupied by the enemys infantiW. Colonel Beardsley had been sent by me to Sulphur Springs with some cavalry and mountain howitzers. The main force of the enemy is advancing on this place (Waterloo Bridge). General Reno should send me the 20-pounder Parrotts. I could use them here excellently. I am, colonel, very respectfully, F. SIGEL, Major- General, Con~nsanding First Corps Page 64 64 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CoAL. XXTV. No. 40. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Warrenton, August 24, 18623.45 P. m. Major-General HALLECK: J arrived at Warrenton last night. The enemy had left two hours pre- viously. Milroys brigade, the advance of Sigels cqrps, came upon the enemy late yesterday afternoon near Great River [Run], about 4 miles from Warrenton Sulphur Springs, and near the mouth of it. A sharp action took place, which la~ted till after dark, the enemy being driven across Great River, but destroying the bridge behind him. Early this morning General Buford reached Waterloo Bridge, which was defended by a considerable force of the enemy and one piece of artillery. He took possessiou of the bridge and destroyed it. Sigels force advanced again ou the left this morning, and wheu last heard from was pursuing the enemy in the direction of Waterloo Bridge. His column was being shelled from the opposite bank of the river, which is still too deep to be forded. The enemy has made no advance against Rappahannock Station since we left, though yesterday morning, whilst we were with- drawing our forces from the opposite side of the river, he brought for- ward his columns of infantry and attempted to carry the heights which we were leaving by storm. He was, however, repulsed with consider- able loss. We have had a continuous engagement, principally with artillery, along the whole line of the river for 8 or 10 miles during the last three days. No force of the enemy has yet been able to cross except that now inclosed by our forces between Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge, which will undoubtedly be captured, unless they find - some means, of which I know nothing, of escaping across the river between these places. Early to-morrow, after clearing this side of the river, I shall move back a considerable part of this force to the neighborhood of Rappa- hanuock Station. By that time the river will doubtless be fordable again. I shall leave a corps of observation here to watch the crossings at Waterloo and Sulphur Springs. The forces arriving from Washing- ton and Alexandria will be assembled, I think, on Licking River [Run], between Germantown and the railroad, with a reserve for the force at Warrenton somewhere between Warrenton Junction and this place, until you are ready to begin a forward movement. I cannot form an estimate of the forces of the enemy. He has been developed in heavy force by simultaneous reconnaissances along a line of 9 miles from the railroad crossing of the Rappahannock as far, at least, as Sulphur Springs. I should like to have some idea of the forces which are com- ing here and your plans of organizing them, that they may be assigned and posted in some order. Our losses during the last three days have been quite heavy, among the killed being Brigadier-General Bohlen, commanding a brigade in Sigels corps. The whole tendency of the enemy, since he appeared in front of us at Rappahannock Station, has been toward our right, but how far his movements in that direction will extend I a~ not yet able to say. I shall to-morrow remove my he~dquarters to home central pobzit, probably Warrenton Junction. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Gomma~vding Page 65 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. (35 No. 41. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Warrenton, August 24, 1862. Major-General SIGEL: GENERAL: To-night, or at an early hour in the morning, you will l)lease send spies and scouts around by Front Royal to Thorntons Gap and into the valley of the Shenandoah, to ascertain whether any of the enemys forces are moving in that direction. Send at least two or three reliable men for that purpose, and instruct them that if they find any difficulty iu returning to you they shall go into Winchester and communicate their information to General White. You will receive instructions as to your movements in the morning. By order of General Pope: T. C. H. SMITH, Lieutenant- Colonel and Aide-de- Camp. No. 42. HEADQUARTERS FIRST CORPS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Waterloo Bridge, Va., August 24, 1862. (Jol. GEORGE D. RUGGLES, Chief of Staff, Army of Virginia: The First Corps is in bivouac at Waterloo Bridge, with the exception of an infantry brigade left at Sulphur Springs as rear guard, together with a brigade of General Banks and one of General lieno. General Banks~corps is on the Sulphur Springs road about 4 miles from the Springs, and General iReno is at or near the fork of the Warrenton road. To judge from the appearance of the camp-fires and camps I am certain that the enemys main army .is encamped on the other side of the river, perhaps 2 miles from the river, with the advance at Amiss- ville and the rear opposite Snlphur Springs. F. SIGEL, Major- General, Commanding First Corps. No. 43. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 25, 1862. Major-General HALLECK: Your dispatch just received. Of course I shall be ready to recross the Rappahannock at a moments notice. You will see from the positions taken that each army corps is on the best roads across the river. You wished forty-eight hours to assemble the forces from the Peninsula behind the Bappahannock, and four days have passed without the enemy yet being permitted to cross. I dont think he is yet ready to do so. In ordinarily dry weather the IRappahannock can be crossed almost anywhere, and these crossing places are best protected by con- centrating at central positions to strike at any force which attempts to cross. I had clearly understood that you wished to unite our whole forces before a forward movement was begun, and that I must take care to keep united with Burnside on my left, so that no movement to separate us could be made. This withdrew me lower down the Rappa- hanuock than I wished to come. I am not acquainted with your views, ~i R flVOL XII, PT I Page 66 66 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., ANI) MD. [CIiAl. XXIV. as you seem to suppose, and would be glad to know them as fir as my own position and operations are concerned. I understood you clearly that at all hazards I was to prevent the enemy from passing the Rappahannock. This I have done and shall do. I dont like to be on the defensive if I can help it, but must be so as long as I am tied to Burnsides forces, not yet wholly arrived at Fred- ericksburg. Please let me know, if it can be done, what is to be my own command, and if I am to act independently against the enemy. I certainly understood that as soon as the whole of our forces were con- centrated you designed to take command in person, and that when everything was ready we were to move forward in concert. I judge from the tone of your dispatch that you are dissatisfied with some- thing. Unless I know what it is, of course I cannot correct it. The troops arriving here come in fragments. Am 1 to assign them to brigades and corps l I would suppose not, as several of the new regi- ~ents coming have been assigned to army corps directly from your office. In case I commence offensive operations, I must know what forces I am to take and what you wish left and what connection must be kept up with Burnside. It has been my purpose to conform my operations to your plans, yet I was not inforiped when McClellan evac- n~ed Harrisons Landing, so that I might know what to expect in that direction, and when I say these things in no complaining spirit I think you know well that I am anxious to do everything to advance your plans of campaign. I understood that this army was to maintain the line of the iRappahannock until all the forces from the Peninsula had united behind that river. I have done so. I understood distinctly that I was not to hazard anything except for this purpose, as delay was what was wanted. The enemy this morning has pushed a considerable infantry force up opposite Waterloo Bridge and is planting batteries, and long lines of his infantry are moving up from Jeffersonville toward Sulphur Springs. His whole force, as far as can be ascertained, is massed in front of m~, from railroad crossing of IRappahanuock around to Waterloo Bridge, their main body being opposite Sulphur Springs. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 44. [ExtractReceived August 26, 1862, from War Department, 11.45 a. ml UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH. Major-General POPE: ~ ot the slightest dissatisfaction has been felt in regard to your opera- tions on the Ilappahannock.* The main object has been accomnl)lishCd in getting up troops from the Peninsula, although they have been de- layed by storms. Moreover the telegraph has been interrupted, leav- ing us for a time ignorant of the progress of the evacution. * * * H. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chief No. 45. HEADQUARTERS SECOND CORPS, August 2511.25 a. m. Colonel ItUG-GLES: COLONEL: Inclosed you will l)lease find reports by Colonel Clark, The whole dispatch appears in Correspondence, etc., Part III, p. 66 Page 67 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 67 aide-de-camp, from the Signal Corps station, of the movements of the enemy on the south side of iledgemans or Rappahannock River. The facts are reported as having been observed by himself, an(l can be relied upon as being as near the truth as the distance will permit. It seems to be apparent that the enemy is threatening or moving upon the valley of the Shenandoah via Front Royal with designs upon the Potomac, possibly beyond. Not knowing whether yon have received this infor- mation I forward it for the consideration of the commanding general. Respectfully, & c., N. P. BANKS, Major- General, Commanding. No. 46. WARRENTON JUNCTION, August 25, 18629.30 p. m. Major-General SIGEL, Gommanding First Corps: You will force the passage of the river at Waterloo Bridge to-morrow morning at daylight and see what is in front of you. I do not believe that there is any enemy in force there, but do believe that the whole of their army has marched to the #est and northwest. I am not satisfied either with your reports or your opei~ations of to-day, and I expectto hear to-morrow early something much more satisfactory concerning the enemy. Send back and bring up your provision trains to your com- mand, but no regimental trains or baggage of any description. You will consider this a positive order, to be obeyed literally. You will communicate with me by telegraph from Warrenton. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. Send in care of General McDowell at Warrenton. No. 47. WARRENTON JUNCTION, August 25, 18629.30 p. m. Major-General MCDOWELL, Warrenton: I believe that the whole force of the enemy has marched for the Shenandoah Valley by way of Luray and Front Royal. The column which has marched to-day to Gaines Cross-Roads has turned north, and when last seen was passing under the east base of Buck Mountain toward Salem amid Recto,rtown. I desire you as early as possible in the morning, holding Reynolds in reserve at Warrenton or vicinity, to make a reconnaissance with your whole corps, and ascertain what is beyond the river at Sulphur Springs. There is no force of the enemy between here and Culpeper or at Culpeper. I send you a dispatch for General Sigel, which please read and send to him immediately. Coin- municate with me frequently by telegraph from Warrenton. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. No. 48. [liecoived August 26, 1862, from Headquarters Third Army Corps, 3.30 p. in., warrenton.l UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH. Major-General POPE: General Sigels bridge train has arrived. I think it may be useful. General Milroy burned the bridge at Waterloo bcfo~-e he retired fro~r Page 68 68 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. that place last night, and Buford says the fords near Waterloo are bad. I have directed the available forces of Sigels cavalry, with a section of his artillery, to report to General Buford this afternoon, on the Water- loo road, with three days cooked rations. I have directed Buford to march at dawn to-morrow toward Chester Gap, to ascertain what direc- I iou the enemy has taken on our right, whether to IRectortown or Front Th)yal, through Chester Gap. He will either take the Carter Church road up the left bank of Carters Run or the road direct from this place to Chester Gap, as inquiries to be made this afternoon shall determine. However persons may have differed as to the force at Waterloo, Stil- phur Springs, or elsewhere, all agree in one thingthe movement of the enemy toward our right from IRappahannock to Waterloo. Battalions, trains, batteries, all have the same direction. The force of the enemy now seems to be above Sulphur Springs. Under these views, in addi- tion to Sigels corps now here, I beg to suggest that Hooker and Kearny be marched at once in this direction, instead of the direction of IRappa- hannock station, for, whether we attack them or they attack us, the contest must come off; it seems to me, as things now stnnd, above rather. than below Sulphur Springs. If they could make a march this after- noon toward either Sulphur Springs or Waterloo Bridge it would be a movement, I think, in the right direction. What is the enemys purpose i~ not easy to discover. Some have thought he means to march around our right through Rectortown to Washington. Others think that he intends going down the Shenan- doah, either.through Thorntons or Chester Gap. Either of these oper- ations seems to me too hazardous for him to undertake with us in his rear and ilank. Others, that it was his object to throw his trains around into the valley, to draw his supplies from that direction and have his front looking to the east rather than to the north. It is also thought that while a portion of his force has marched up the immediate right bank of the IRappahannock a larger portion has gone through Culpeper up the Sperryville road. No doubt these various suppositions may have occurred to you, but I have thought it not inappropriate to reca- pitulate them here with reference to concentrations of fhrces in this direction which I have herein suggested. Cannonading at Sulphur Springs still continues about the same. I have ordered Buford to send you a regiment of cavalry. I cannot get hold of Bayard. IRVIN McDOWELL. I have just received your telegrams of 2.20 and 3.15 p. m. I trust that Buford$s reconnaissance to-morrow will obtain the information you desire concerning the mnovements of the enemy across the Sperryville pike in the direction of Gaimies Cross-Roads and Salem. I also received from General Banks signal officer the account of this movement. With reference to your inquiries as to what has occurred to make the presence of Cox here desirable, I made the suggestiomi first because in the general. order issued he was ordered to join Sigel at Fayetteville. As Sigel was here, and as I understood Cox was arriving in the cars, I thought if it could be done time would be gained by his being landed beve rather than at Warrenton Junction. IRVIN McDOWELL, Miajor- General, Commanding Page 69 C~AF. XXrV.] GRNE1IAL REPORTS. 69 Ito. 49. [Received August 26, 1862, from near Waterloo Bridge, 3.45 p. in.] UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH. General POPE: Traiiis and troops still passing over the same route. A deserter, just come iii, says Longstreets corps, embracing Andersons, Jones, Kempers, Whitings, and Evans divisions, are located in the woods back of Waterloo Bridge Thinks Hills division at Jefferson; Jack- sons corps somewhere above Longstreets. He appears truthful, and 1 credit his story. The entire district from Jeff~rson to Culpeper, Sperryville, and as far as Barbees, covered with smoke and lines of dust. The deserter reports the arrival last evening of the greater por- tion of Longstreets corps at its present position. JOHN S. CLARK, Colonel nd Aide-de- Camp. No. 50. HEADQUARTERS THIRD CORPS, Warrenton August 269 p. in. Major-General POPE: An intelligent negro has jnst come in to General Buford from White Plains, and reports the advance of the enemy at that place. He says he saw himself at White Plains to-day at 12 oclock two batteries of artillery, two regiments of cavalry, four regiments of infantry, and that they were moving iii the direction of Thoroughfare Gap. The mans story is evidently to be relied upon. General Buford says his statements are confirmed by his scouts, who report large trains passing up through Orleans to White Plains. IRVIN MCDOWELL, Major- General. No. 51. WARRENTON JUNCTION, August 26, 18628 p. m. Major-General MCDOWELL, Warrenton: Fitz John Porter, with Sykes and Morells divisions, will be within 24 miles of Warrenton, on the Fayetteville road, to-morrow night. See if you cannot have the cross-roads repaired, so he can get from his posi- tion into the Sulphur Springs road with his artillery if he should be needed. I will use all efforts to have Sturgis and Cox within 3 miles of you to-morrow night, and have requested General Halleck to push forward Franklin at once, carrying his baggage and supplies by rail- road to the point where the Manassas Gap Railroad intersects the Warrenton turnpike. From that position he can either advan~e to your support or prevent your right from being turned from the direction of the Manassas Gap Railroad. I think our fight should be made at War- renton, and if you can postpone it for two days everything will be right. J~O. POPE, Major. General, Commanding Page 70 70 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CRAr. XXI~tA No. 52. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Warrenton Junction, August 26, 18628.20 p. m. Major-General HEINTZELMAN, Commanding, d~c.: The major~general commanding the Army of Virginia directs me to send you the inclosed communication, and to request that you put a regiment on a train of cars and send it down immediately to Manassas to ascertain what has occurred, repair the telegraph wires, and protect the railroad there, till further orders. With great respect, general, your obedient servant, T. C. H. SMITH, Lieutenant-Colonel and Aide-de- Camp. No. 53. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 26, 186212 m. General MCDOWELL: General Sigel reports the enemy~s rear guard at Orleans to-night, with his main force encamped at White Plains. You will please ascer- tain very early in the morning whether this is so, and have the whole of your command in readiness to march. You had best ascertain it to- night if you possibly can. Our commnnications have been interrul)ted by the enemys cavalry near Manassas. Whether his whole force, or the larger part of it, has gone around is a question which we must settle instantly, and no portion of his force must march opposite to us to-night without our knowing it. I telegraphed you an hour or two ago what dispositions I had made, supposing the advance through Thoroughfare to be a column of not more than 10,000 or 15,000 men. If his whole force or the larger part of it, has gone, we must know it at once. The troops here have no artillery, and if the main forces of the enemy are still opposite to you you must send forward to Greenwich, to be there to-morrow evening, two batteries of artillery, or three if you can get them, to meet Kearny. We must know at a very early hour in the morning, so as to deter- mine our plans. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 54. GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, No. . I Warrenton Junction, August 27, 1862. The following movement of troops will be made, viz: Major-General McDowell, with his own and Sigels corps and the division of Brigadier-General Reynolds, will pursue the turnpike from Warrenton to Gainesville, so as to reach Gainesville, if possible, to- night. The army corps of General Heintzelman, with the detachment of the Ninth Corps, under Major-General Ileno (General Reno leading), will take the road from Catletts Station to Greenwich, so as to reach there to-night or early in the morning. Major-General IReno will im- mediately communicate with Major-General McDowell, and his coin- mand, as well as that of Major-General lleintzelman, will support Major-General ILVIcDowell in any operations against the enemy Page 71 CHAP. C~CIV.] GENEhAL ttEPORt~I. 71 Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter will remain at Warrenton Junction till he is relieved by Major-General Banks, when he will immediately push forward with his corps in the direction of Greenwich and Gainesville, to assist the operati6ns on the right wing. Major-General Banks, as soon as he arrives at Warrenton Junction, will assume the charge of the trains and cover their movement toward Manassas Junction. The trains of his own corps, under escort of two regiments of iiifantry and a battery of artillery, will pursue the road south of the railroad, which conducts into the rear of Manassas Junc- tion. As soon as all the trains have l)assed Warrenton Junction be will take post behind Cedar Run, coveriug the fords and bridges of that stream, and holding hisposition as long as possible. He will cause all the railroad trains to be loaded with the public and private stores now here, and run them back toward Manassas Junction as far as the railroad is practicable. Wherever a bridge is burned, so as to prevent the farther passage of the railroad trains, he will assemble them all a~ near together as possible, and protect them with his command until the bridges are rebuilt. If the enemy is too strong before him before the bridge can be repaired, he will be careful to destroy entirely the trains, locomotives, and stores before he falls back in the direction of Manas- sas Junction. He is, how ever, to understand that he is to defend his position as long as possible, keeping himself in constant c~mmnnica- tioii with Major-General Porter on his right, if any sick now in hos- l)ital at Warrenton Junction are not provided for and able to be trans- ported, he will have them loaded into the wagon train of his owii corps, even should this necessitate the destruction of much baggage and regi- mental property, and carried to Manassas Junctioii. The very impor- tant duties devolving upon Major-General Banks the major-general commanding the Army of Virginia feels assured will be discharged with intelligence, courage, and fidelity. The general headquarters will be with the corps of Major-General Heintzelman until further notice. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. B. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 55. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Bristoe Station, August 27, 18626.30 p. m. Maj. Gen. FITZ JOHN PORTER, Warrenton Junction: GENERAL: The major-general commanding directs that you start at 1 oclock to-night and come forward with your whole corps, or such part of it as is with you, so as to be here at daylight to-morrow morn- ing. Hooker has had a very severe action with the enemy, with a loss of about 300 killed and wounded. The enemy has been driven back, but is retiring along the railroad. We must drive him from Manassas, and clear the country between that place and Gainesville where Mc- IDowell is. If Morell has not joined you, send word to l:im to push forward immediately. Also send word to Banks to hurry forward with all spee(l to take your place at Warrenton Junction. It is necessary, on all accounts, that you should be here by daylight. I send an officer with this dispatch, who will conduct you to this place. Be sure to send word to Banks, who is on tlme-road from Fayette- ville, probably in the (lirection of Bealeton. Say to Banks also that im Page 72 72 OPERKPIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. tOnAl?. kXiV. had best run back the railroad trains to this side of Cedar IRan. If he is not with you, write him to that effect. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. D. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. P. S.If Banks is not at Warrentou Junction, lOave a regiment of infantry and two pieces of artillery as a guard till he comes up, with instructions to follow you immediately upon his doing so. If Banks is not at the Junction, instruct Colonel Clary to ruu the trains back to this side of Cedar Run, and post a regiment and section of artillery with it. By command of Major-General Pope: GEO. ft IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 56. Bristoe, HEADQUARTERS, August 27, 18629 p. m. Major-General KEARNY: At the very earliest blush of dawn push forward with your command with all speed to this place. You cannot be more than 3 or 4 miles dis- tant. Jackson, A. P. Hill, and Ewell are in front of us. Hooker has had a severe fight with them to-day. McDowell marches upon Mai~as- sas Junctioh from Gainesville to-morrow at daybreak; iReno upon the same place at the same hour. I want you here at day-dawn, if possible, and we shall bag the whole crowd. Be prompt and expeditious, and never mind wagon trains or roads till this affair is over. Lieutenau4 Brooks will deliver you this communication. He has one for General Reno and one for General McDowell. Please have these dispatches sent forward instantly by a trusty staff officer, who will be sure to de- liver them without fail, and make him bring back a receipt to you before daylight. Lieutenant Brooks will remain with you and bring you to this camp. Use the cavalry I send you to escort your staff officer to McDowell and Reno. JNO. POPE, Major. General, Gommanding. No. 57. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Bristoe Station, August 27, 18629 p. m. Major-General MCDOWELL: At daylight to-morrow morning march rapidly on Manassas Junc- tion with your whole force, resting your right on the Manassas Gap Railroad, throwing your left well to the east. Jackson, Ewell, and A. P. Hill are between Gainesville and Manassas Junction. We had a severe fight with them to-day, driving them back several miles along the railroad. If you will march promptly and rapidly at the earliest dawn of day upon Manassas Junction we shall bag the whole crowd. I have directed Reno to march from Greenwich at the same hour upon Manassas Junction, and Kearny, who is in his rear, to march on Bris- toe at daybreak. Be expeditious, and the day is our own. JNO. POPE, Major. General, Commanding Page 73 CHAP. XXIV.] CIENERAL REPORTS. 73 No. 58. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Bristoe Station, August 28, 186210.40 a. m. Major-General BANKS, Warrenton Junction: GENERAL: Major-General Pope directs me to say that as soon as the railroad trains and all public property shall have been safely run back from Warrenton Junction you will move your command back to Kettle Run Bridge, where you will find the railroad obstructed and the rail- road trains stopped. You will there take the same measures to save the public property from attack by the enemy as directed in copy of general orders from these headquarters sent to you yesterday through Major-General Porter. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. D. RUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 59. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Bristoc Station, Aug?ist 28, 186210.50 a. m. Colonel CLARY, Chief Quartermaster, Army of Virginia: Major-General Pope directs that all the wagon trains be kept closed up and close in rear of the troops. You will accordingly give instruc- tions to the various subordinate quartermasters, including regimental quartermasters, to keep their trains closed and immediately in rear of the troops. Please see that thi& order is executed. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. B. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 60. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Bristoe Station, August 28, 186211 a. m. Surgeon MOPARLIN, Medical Director, Army of Virginia: SIR: Major-General Pope directs that you take measures to hunt up the wounded of the enemy, and to provide for them the same as for our own soldiers. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. D. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff No. 61. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA. Bristoe Station, August 28, 186211.10 a. m. Lient. F. J. SHUNIC, Chief of Ordnance, Army of Virginia: The major-general commanding directs that one or two boxes of ammunition be thrown into every wagon that passes the railroad train where the ammunition now is, no matter to whom the wagon or wagon train belongs. By command of Major-General Pope: GEO. B. B1ZfGGLES Colonel and Chie/~ of Sta. Page 74 74 OPEI~APIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. LOITAP. XXIV. No. 62. SPECIAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, No. . $ Manassas Junction, Augnst 28, 1862. The trains will come forward in the following order, viz: 1st, Heint- zelmans; 2d, McDowells; 3d, Sigels; 4th, Porters. All the supply and regimental trains will be seut forward to this place as rapidly as possible, ammunition being forwarded in advance of all other supplies. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. D. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 63. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Bristoc Station, August 28, 186211.20 a. m. Colonel CLARY, Chief Quartermaster, Army of Virginia: The majorgeneral commanding directs that one or two boxes of ammunition be thrown into every wagon that passes the railroad train where the ammunition now is, no matter to whom the wagon or wagon train belongs. He also directs that the railroad trains be unloaded into the passing wagon trains in the same manner, commencing first to unload the ammunition, as hereinbefore directed. By command of Major-General Pope: ~EO. 1). RUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 64. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, ltlianassas Junction, August 28, 18622 p. m. Major.General MCDOWELL: I sent you a dispatch a few minutes ago directing you to move on Green [Gum] Spring, to intercept Jackson. Since then I have received your note of this morning. I will this evening push forward Iteno to Gaines- yule, and follow with Heintzelman, unless there is a large force of the enemy at Centreville, which I do not believe. Ascertain,, if you can, about this. I do not wish you to carry out the order to proceed to Green Spring if you consider it too hazardous, but I will support you in any way you suggest by pushing forward from Manassas Junction across the turnpike. Jackson has a large train, which certainly should be captured. Give me your views fully; you know the country much better than I do. Come no farther in this direction with your com- mand, but call back what has advanced thus far. JNO. POPE Major-General, Commanding. No. 65. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Bull Run, August 28, 18629.50 p. m. Major-General KEARNY: GENERAL: General McDowell has intercepted the retreat of the enemy, and is now in his front; Sigel on the right of McDowell Page 75 CuAP. xxr~r.j GENERAL REPORTS. 75 Unless he can escape by passes leading to the north to-night he must be captured. I desire you to move forward at 1 oclock to-night, even if you can carry with you no more than 2,000 men, though I trust you will carry the larger part of your division. Pursue the turnpike from Centreville to Warrenton. The enemy is not iiiore than 3-~ miles from you. Seize any of the people of the town to guide you. Advance cautiously and drive in the enemys pickets to-night, and at early dawn attack him vigorously. Hooker shall be close behind you. Extend your right well in the attack. Be sure to march not later than 1 with all the men yon can take. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. No. 66. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Bull Run, August 28, 186210 p. m. Major.General HEINTZELMAN: GENERAL: General MciDowel] has intercepted the retreat of the enemy. Sigel is immediately on his right, and I see no possibility of his escape. I have instructed Kearny to push forward cautiously at 1 oclock to-night until he drives in the pickets of the enemy, and to assault him vigorously at daylight in the morning, it is of the last importance that Hooker shall march at 3 ocl6ck to-night, taking the turnpike from Centreville to Warrenton, and resting on that road 1~ miles beyond Centreville, as a reserve for Kearny. Send a copy of this dispatch to Hooker immediately; and I beg you particularly to see that Hooker marches at the time specified, even if he should have to do so with one.half of his men. I shall rely upon this. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. No. 67. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Bull Run, August 29, 18623 a. m. Major-General PORTER: GENERAL: McDowell has intercepted the retreat of Jackson. Si gel is immediately on the right of McDowell. Kearny and Hooker march to attack the enemys rear at early dawn. Major-General Pope directs you to move upon Centreville at the first dawn of day with your whole command, leaving your trains to follow. it is very important that you should be here at a very early hour in the morning. A severe engagement is likely to take place, aiid your pres- ence is necessary. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. iD. IIUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 68. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Bull Run, August 29, 18625 a. m. Major.General IRENO: I sent you verbal orders by Colonel Smith last jiight. News from the front makes it necessary to modify them. You will accordingl Page 76 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XflY. move rapidly on Ceutreville by the road past these headquarters. Upon arriving at Centreville you will take the turnpike toward War- renton, and push forward rapidly. You will find the whole corps of Heintzelman in front of you. Pass his stragglers, and keep well up with his command, pushing rapidly toward any heavy firing you may hear. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. No. 69. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Gentreville, August 29, 1862. Generals MCDOWELL and PORTER: You will please move forward with your joint commands toward Gainesville. I sent General Porter written orders to that effect an hour and a half ago. lleintzelman, Sigel, and iReno are moving ou the Warrenton turnpike, and must now be not far from Gainesville. I de- sire that as soon as communication is established between this force and your own the whole command shall halt. It may be necessary to fall back behind Bull Run at Centreville to-night. I presume it will be so, on account of our supplies. I have sent no orders of any descrip. tion to IRicketts, and none to interfere in any way with the movements of McDowells troops, except what I sent by his aide-de-camp last night, which were to hold his position on the Warrenton pike until the troops from here should fall on the enemy~s flank and rear. I do not even know Ricketts position, as I have not been able to find out where General McDowell was until a late hour this morning. General Mc. Dowell will take immediate steps to communicate with General Rick- etts, and instruct him to rejoin the other divisions of his corps as soon as practicable. If any considerable advantages are to be gained by departing from this order it will not be strictly carried out. One thing must be had in view, that the troops must occupy a position from which they can reach Bull Run to-night or by morning. The indications are that the whole force of the enemy is moving in this direction at a pace that will bring them here by to-morrow night or the next day. My own head- quarters will be for the present with lleintzelmnans corps or at this place. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. No. 71* HEADQUARTERS IN THE FIELD, August 29, 18625 p. m. Major-General BANKS: GENERAL: I would prefer that you send your trains direct to Man. assas Junction and Centreville. The road is clear and there is no diffi- culty about it. Send them through as soon as you can. Send back working parties to try and get the railroad in sufficiently good order, if the trains may be worked back to Bull Run. This is of the last im- portarice, and you cannot get it done too soon. Work night and day at it. JXO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. *No. 70, here odmitted, is a duplicate of inclosure B to Popes report of September 3, See p. 18 Page 77 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 77 No. 74* BULL RUN, August 30, 18626.30 a. m. Colonel CLARY, Chief Quartermaster, Army of Virginia: COLONEL: You will immediately send to Alexandria an officer to bring out all supplies of forage and stores (forage particularly) required for this command. The stores will be brought to Fairfax by rail, and thence by wagons to Centreville. The officer sent by you will obtain from the commanding officer at Alexandria the escort necessary to pro- tect the train. By command of General Pope: GEG. I). RUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 75. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Battle-fteld near Groveton, August 30, 18629 a. m. Colonel CLARY, Chief Quartermaster, Army of Virqinia: Major-General Pope directs that you send 250 wagons to Major-G-eu. eral Banks, in order that he may remove his sick and public property from his present position to Centreville or vicinity. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEt). D. RUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 76. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Groveton, August 30, 1862. Colonel BEORWITH, Chief Commissary: COLONEL: General Pope directs that all the wagons at Centreville be unloaded there and the property stored. The wagons will then be sent to Sangsters Station to haul subsistence stores from that place to Centreville. By command of Major-General Pope: GEt). D. RUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Sta/fi No. 77. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 30, 18626 p. m. General FRANKLIN: Post your command and whatever other troops you can collect and put them in the fortifications and other strong positions around Centre. yule, and hold those positions to the last extremity. By command of General Pope: GEt). D. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. * No. 72, here omitted, is a duplicate of inelosure C to report of September 3, an4 l{o. 73 a duplicate of inelosure A to that report. See PP 17,J.S Page 78 78 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAr. XXIV. No. 78. AUGUST 306.45 p. m. Colonel CLARY: You will immediately put all the wagons and everything that inter- feres with the range of artillery from the works at Centreville a good distance to the rear, on the other side of the town, 9ut of range of the artillery from the works. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. D. IIUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 79. AUGUST 30, 18626.30 p. m. General BANKS: Destroy the public property at Bristoe and fall back upon Centre- yule at once. Destroy all the railroad property. Your troops at Bris- toe will withdraw through Brentsville. Your troops at Manassas and between there and Bristoe will withdraw to Centreville. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. D. IRITGGLES, Colonel and Chief of staff. No. 80. AUGUST 308 p. m. General IIEINTZELMAN: (To be opened and read by Generals Kearny and Hooker:) GENERALS: Retire to Centreville to-night with your coffunands. If possible go by the way of Sudleys Ford. General Beno commands the rear guard ou the turnpike by which the balance of the army will fall back. Upon your arrival at Centreville you will assemble your commands on the north side of that town. Early in the morning proper positions will be assigned you. By command of Major-General Pope: GEO. D. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 8L SPECIAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, No. . f 61entreville, August 30, 1862. The prisoners of war now at this place will be sent to-morrow to Washington City under guard of one regiment of infantry, to be fur- nished for this purpose by Major-General McDowell. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. D. JIUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 82. CENTREVILLE, August 30, 18629.45 p. m. Major-General HALLEcK, General-in-Chief: We have had a terrific battle again to-day. The enemy, largely re-en- foi~d, assaulted our positiou early to-day. We held our ground ~rml Page 79 CnAv. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 79 until 6 p. in., when the enemy, massing very heavy forces on our left forced back that wing about half a mile. At dark we held that posi- tion. Under all the circumstances, both horses and men having been two days without food; and the enemy greatly outnumbering us, I thought it best to draw back to this place at dat. The movement has been made in perfect order and without loss. The troops are in good heart, and marched off the field without the least hurry or confusion. Their conduct was very fine. The battle was most furious for hours without cessation, and the losses on both sides very heavy. The enemy is badly crippled, and we shall do well enough. Do not be uneasy. We will hold our own here. The labors and hardships of this army for two or three weeks have been beyond description. We have delayed the enemy as long as possible without losing the army. We have damaged him heavily, and I think the army entitled to the gratitude of the coun- try. Be easy; everything will go well. POPE, Major- General. P. S.We have lost nothing; neither guns nor wagons. No. 83. WASHINGTON, August 31, 186211 a. m. Major-General POPE: M~ DEAR GENERAL: You have done nobly. Dont yield another inch if you can avoid it. All reserves are being sent forward. Couchs division goes to-day. Part of it went to Sangsters Station last night with Franklin and Sumner, who must be now with you. Cant you renew the attack ~i I dont write more particularly for fear dispatch will not reach you. I am doing all in my power for you and your noble army. God bless you and it. Send me news more often if possible. II. W. HALLECK, Gem rat-in-Chief. No. 84. CIRCULAR.] HEADQUARTEJIS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Camp near Centreville, August 31, 1862. Commanders of army corps will forthwith establish suitable grand guards in front of the positions they respectively hold and have out- posts thrown forward, which shall furnish a line of sentinels covering the entire army. Those on th~ flanks will furnish a grand guard for the flanks. The advanced l)osition this side of Cub Run will only be held as an outpost, and the division now there will be withdrawn. By command of Major-General Pope: GEO. D. RUGGLES, ~Yolonel and Chief of Staff. No. 85. [Circular to corps commanders] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Centreville, August 31, 18628.30 a. m. GENERAL: The major-general commanding the Army of Virginia directs me to instruct you to take measures immediately to bring for- war(l and distribute am~n~ipition for your ~omn~and Page 80 80 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. 1. Men should be selected to guide tjuie wagons to the troops to be supplied, to report to Lieutenant-Colonel Smith, aide-de-camp, at these headquarters. 2. A report of the amount and kind of ammunition required in your command should be made to Lieutenant-Colonel Smith. 3. Empty wagons should ~e collected and sent to report to Lieuten- ant-Colonel Smith. With great respect, general, your obedient servant, T. C. II. SMITH, Lieutenant- Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. No. 86. CIRCULAR.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRG4NIA Centrerilie, August 3L, 1862. Commanding officers of army corps will send back to Alexandria all wagons appertaining to their trains, except those absolutely necessary to haul subsistence stores and ammunition from Fairfax Court-House to this place for their respective corps. This movement will be under charge of Colonel Clary, chief quartermaster Army of Virginia. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. D. HUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of & aff. No. 87. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Centreville, August 31, 186210.45 a. m. Major-General HALLECK, General-in- Chief: Our troops are all here in position, though much used-up and worn- out. I think it would perhaps have been greatly better if Sumner and Franklin had been here three or four days ago; but you may rely on our giving them as desperate a fight as I can force our men to stand up to. I should like to know whether you feel secure about Washington should this army be destroyed. I shall fight it as long as a man will stand up~to the work. You must judge what is to be done, having in view the safety of the capital. The enemy is already pushing a cavalry reconnaissance in our front at Cub Runwhether in advance of an attack to-day I do not yet know. I send you this that you may know our position and my purp se. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. No. 88. SPECIAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, No. . . Centreville, August 31, 1862. Carrolls brigade, of Ricketts division, will l)roeeed at once to Fair- fax Station, and take post as a guard for commissary stores at that point. The commanding officer of these troops will report upon his arrival at Fairfax Station to Col. E. G. Beckwith, chief commissary Army of Virginia.. By cou~mand of Major-General Pope: GEO. D. I~UGGLES, Colonel and Chiif of ~ta Page 81 OkLLr. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 81 No. 89. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, COMMANDING OFFICER Centrevilte, August 31, 1~62. Forces at Fairfax Court-lijause: Sin: Major-General Pope directs you at once to send two regiments of infantry and two pieces of artillery to escort the wagon train now en route to Alexandria as far as Clouds Mill. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. D. BUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of & aff. No. 90. (JENTREVILLE, August 31. Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief: DEAR GENERAL: Your dispatch of 11 a. m. has been received, and I thank you for your considerate commendation. I would be glad to have it in such shape that the army might be acquainted with it. We shall fight to the last. The whole secession army engaged us yester- day. I had a letter from Lee this morning. Ewell is killed. Jackson is badly wounded, and other generals of less note wounded. The plan of the enemy will undoubtedly be to turn my flank. If he does so he will have his hands full. My troops are in good heart. I need cavalry horses terribly. Send me 2,000 in lots and under strong escort. I have never yet received a single one. JNO. POPE, Major- General. No. 91. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Camp near Centreville, September 1, 18623 a. m. Major-General SUMNER: The reconnoitering party of cavalry which you sent out yesterday morning, under Captain flight, has, as I am informed, been captured by the enemys cavalry. It is essential that your right be carefully watched. I desire you at daylight to push a reconnaissance of.not less than one brigade, supported, if necessary, by a second, toward the north of your position, to the Little River turnpike and beyond. The direction of your reconnaissance should be as nearly due north as prac- ticable, and should be pushed not less than 5 miles. It is of grea~t im- portance that this reconnaissance should be made at an early hour in the morning. The orderly whom you sent to me left me without permis- sion, so that I find it very difficult to find your headquarters. Please send him back. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Uommanding. No. 92. [Circular to corps commanders.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Centreville, September 1, 1862. MAJOR-GENERAL COMMANDING, & C.: GENERAL: The major-general commanding directs~me to inform you 6 R RYOL XII, PT I Page 82 82 OPERATIONS [N N. VA., W. VA, A4D MD. [C~A~. XXLV~ that a large sil: ply of ammunition has arrived since yesterday, say 120 wagons, and that near the earthwork close in rear of Centreville an officex will be found charged with its distribution. The ammunition will be kept in the wagons in which it came, so as to be sent forward to the troops, to be supplied immediately when required. With great respect, general, your obedient servant, T. C. H. SMITH, Jiieutenant.Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. No. 93. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGrNIA, September 1, 18625.45 a. in. Maj Gen. E. V. Smi~a~: GENERAL: The reconnaissance is only designed to ascertain whether there is any considerable movement of the enemys infantry toward our right and rear. We have no cavalry-..-not a horse that can possi- bly perform service; and it may be necessary, in order to obtain the information I desire, to drive off the enemys cavalry. I do not care that the brigade shall be pushed farther than the Little River turnpike, whilst skirmishers are thrown still farther, in order fully to ascertain whether the enemy is making any movement toward Germantown and Fairfax Court-House. I do not wish any engagement brought on at present on that ground, bt~t when the information required shall have been obtained by the brigade withdraw it. JKO. POPE, Major. General, Commanding. No. 94. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, September 1, 1862. General POPE: Yours of last evening was received at 4 a. in. I want ~to issue a corn plimentary order, but as you are daily fighting it could hardly be distributed. I will do so very soon. Look out well for your right, and dont let the enemy turn it and get between you and the forts. We are strengthening the line of defense as rapidly as possible. Horses will be sent to you to-day. Send dispatches to me as often as possible. I hope for an arrival of cavalry to-day. Yours, truly, II. W. HALLEOK, General-in-Chief P. 5.Acknowledge hour of receipt of this. No. 95. CENTREVILLE, September 18.50 a. m. Major-General HALLECK: All was quiet yesterday and so far this morning. My men are rest- lug; they need it much. Forage for our horses is being brought up. Our cavalry is completely broken down, so that there are not five horses to a company that can raise a trot. The consequence is that I ani forced to keep considerable infantry along the roads in my rear t Page 83 CMAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORT8. 83 make them secure, and even then it is difficult to keep the enemys cavalry off the roads. I shall attack again to-morrow if I can the next day certainly. I think it my duty to call your attention to the unsoldierly and dangerous conduct of many brigade and some divis- ion commanders of the forces sent here from the Peninsula. Every word and act aud intention is discouraging, and calculated to break dowu the spirits of the men and produce disaster. One commander of a corps, who was ordered to march from Manassas Junction to join me near Groveton, although he was only 5 miles distant, failed to get up at all, and, worse still, fell back to Manassas without a fight, and in plain hearing, at less than 3 miles distance, of a furious battle, which raged all day. It was only in consequence of peremptory orders that he joined me next day. One of his brigades, the brigadier-general of which professed to be looking for his division, absolutely remained all day at Centreville, in plain view of the battle, and made no attempt to join. What renders the whole matter worse, these are both officers of the Regular Army, who do not hold back from ignorance or fear. Their constant talk, indulged in publicly and in promiscuous company, is that the Army of the Potomac will not fight; that they are dempralized by withdrawal from the Peninsula, & c. When such example is set by officers of high rank the influence is very bad amongst those in subor- dinate stations. You have hardly an idea of the demoralization among officers of high rank in the Potomac Army, arising in all instances from personal feeling in relation to changes of commander-in-chief and others. These men are mere tools or parasites, but their example is producing, and must necessarily produce, very disastrous results. You should know these things, as you alone can stop it. Its source is beyond my reach, though its effects are very perceptible and very dangerous. I am endeavoring to doall I can, and will most assuredly put them where they shall fight or run away. My advice to youI give it with free- (loin, as I know you will not misunderstand itis that in view of an satisfactory results, you draw back this army to the intrenchments in front of Washington, and set to work in that secure place to reorganize and rearrange it. You may avoid great disaster by doing so. I do not consider the matter except in a purely military light, and it is bad enough and grave enough to make some action very necessary. When there is no heart in their leaders, and every disposition to hang back, much cannot be expected from the men. Please hurry forward cavalry horses to me under strong escort. I need them badlyworse than I can tell you. JNO. POPE, Major-General. No. 98. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Oentreville, September 1, 1862. Major-General FRANKLIN: GENERAL: General Pope directs you to establish your grand guards on the pike from Centreville to Warrenton. An outpost of one regi- inent of infantry and two pieces of artillery of Reynolds division has been ordered to take post on the same road. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. D. R1JGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Sta Page 84 84 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA~~ AND MD. [Ca..P. XXIV. No. 97. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF YIRGrNIA, Near Centreville, September 1; 1862. To the Officer commanding the forces around Fairfax Court-House: General Pope directs that you furnish one regiment of infantry as an escort for a wagon train from Fairfax Court-House to Fairfax Sta- tion. Lieutenant iDevin, Ninth Infantry, will call for the escort as he proceeds through the town. I am, sir, very respectfully, your~obedient servant, G-EO. D. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 98. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Centreville, September 1, 186211 a. m. Major-General HALLECK, Washington: The enemy is deploying his forces on the Little River pike, and pre- paring to advance by that road on Fairfax Court-House. This move- ment turns Centreville and interposes between us and Washington, and will force me to attack his advance, which I shall do as soon as his movement is sufficiently developed. I have nothing like the force you undoubtedly snppose, and the fight will be necessarily desperate. I hope you will make all preparations to make a vigorous defense of the intrenchmen~s around Washington. JNO POPE, Major- General, Commanding. No. 99. CENTREVILLE, September 1, 186212 m. Major-General MCDOWELL: You will march rapidly back to Fairfax Court-House with your whole division, assuming command of the two brigades now there, and im- mediately occupy Germantown with your whole force, so as to cover the turnpike from this place to Alexandria. Jackson is reported advancing on Fairfax with 20,000 men. Move quickly. JNO. POPE Major- General, Commanding. No. 100. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Centreville, September 1, 18621 p. m. Major-General HOOKER: You will at once proceed to Germantown, assume command of the troops arriving at Fairfax Court-House, together with the brigades now under command of Colonels Torbert and Hinks. By command of Major General Pope: GEO. D. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff Page 85 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 85 No. 101. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Centreville, September 1, 1862-.--12.30 p. m. Col. A. T. A. TORBERT, Commanding Brigade, near Fair/ax Court-House: Move your brigade at once to Germantown, and join it to the one under Colonel Hunks at that place. Major-General hooker is assigned to the command of the forces arriving at Fairfax Court-house from Washington, t6gether with those stationed at Germantown. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. P. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 102. NEAR CENTREVILLE, September 1, 18624 p. m. Major-General MCDOWELL: If you hear a battle raging to-nigh t near Centreville advance to the north, keeping your communication open with IReno and near to him, also by the right with Hooker, who will advance his left to your right. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. D. IIUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 103. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, No. . Fairfax Court-House, September 1, 1862. The army corps of Heintzelman, Sigel, Sumner, Porter, and Ileno, as soon after daylight as possible, will begin to draw slowly to their right in the direction of Fairfax Court-House until they come closely in con- tact with each other. Major-General IReno will follow as closely as pos- sible the line of the old railroad now occupied by him; the others along the pike. He will notify those in his rear of his exact position and every step of his movement, and will ask support if he needs it. They will not be more than half a mile in rear of him. If any severe engage- ment should occur at any point of the line, the army corps commanders nearest on the right and left will immediately send forward a staff offi- cer to report to the general commanding the troops of the attack and to notify him that they are ready to support him if he needs it. For the present the general headquarters will be established at Fairfax Court-House. By command of Major-General Pope: ~ ~ RUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 104. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Centreville, September 1, 18622 p. m. Colonel TORBERT: - Send back word immediately to Alexandria to hurry up Couchs division and all other troops coming from Washington to Germantown. They must be at Germantown as early this afternoon as possible, ce Page 86 86 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (ChAr. XXIV. tainly to-night. They must take up a strong position. There is no doubt the enemy is approaching you. Hold on to your position to the last. The whole army. is on the move to join you. By command of Major-General Pope: GEO. D. BUGGIES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 105. FAIRFAX CoURT-HousE, September 2, 1862. Major-General HALLECK, Washington: As I expected, the enemy last evening attacked my right furiously in the direction of Fairfax Court-House, but were repulsed with heavy loss. Our loss was also severe, General Stevens being killed and Kearny missing. The enemy has not renewed his attack this morn- ing, but is undoubtedly again beating around to the northeast. Your telegram of this date is just received, and its provisions will be carried out at once. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Commanding. No. 106. CIRCULAR.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Fairfax Court-House, September 2,1862. The following movement of troops will be made at once, in accordance with the instructions from the War Department, viz: 1. Banks corps will march by the Braddock road and Annandale, and take post at or near Fort Worth. 2. The corps of Franklin and Hooker will pursue the Little River pike toward Alexandria. 3. Heintzelmans corps the Braddock road toward Fort Lyon. 4. McDowells corps the road by Falls Church, Little River, and Columbia pikes toward Forts Craig and Tilliughast. The corps of Porter, Sumner, and Sigel via Vienna toward the Chain Bridge. These three latter corps will keep well closed up and within easy supporting distance of each other. The cavalry nuder General Buford will follow and cover the march of the three corps of Porter, Sumner, and Si and Bayard the trool)s marching on the road south of it. Sumner will bring up the rear on the route he is ordered to pursue. Hooker will cover the rear on the Little River pike, and Banks the rear on the Braddock road. General Banks will call in the forces from Sangsters and Fairfax Stations, and will break up the depot at the latter place, shipping all stores by rail to Alexandria. The wagon trains, except such as are in immediate use by the corps, will pursue the Little River pike to Alexandria. The commanding officers of corps will send forward a capable officer to Alexandria to take charge of their respective trains, and will con- duct them to the headquarters of their respective corps. The medical director will take immediate steps to have all the sick and wounded carried back to Alexandria. General Reno~ will take up the line of march immediately by the Little River turnpike to Alexandria. The commanders of these various army corps will send forward, severa Page 87 CHiP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS. 87 hours in advance, staff officers to notify General McClellan of their approach to the points which they are to occupy. By command of Major-General Pope: GEO. D. IRUGGLES, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No. 107. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Fairfax, September 2, 1862. Major-General HALLECK: The whole army is retiring in good order, without confusion or the slightest loss of property. The enemy has made no advance this morn- ing, owing no doubt to his severe loss last evening. Three army corps pursue the route via Vienna to Chain Bridbe, covered by all the effect- ive cavalry; two corps by the Braddock road. These last corps are ordered to break up the depot at Fairfax Station, call in the troops from Sangst~rs and elsewhere on the railroad, and to move back to Alexan- dria. Our whole wagon train is far in advance of us toward the same place. Our whole force is less than 60,000 men. Everything is being safely moved back to the intrenchments. When the stragglers can be assembled our force will be largely increased. I shall leave here with the last, and encamp to-night near Balls Cross-Roads. JNO. POPE, Major- General, Gommanding. No. 108. NEW YoRK, January 27, 1868. A dispatch was received from Major-General Banks on the 2d of September stating that the wagon trains in his charge had all been brought in safelynothing lost. T. C. H. SMITH, Lieutenant- Colonel and Aide-de- Camp. No. 109. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Balls Cross-Roads, Seplember 2, 18627.10 p. m. Major-General HALLECK, General-in-Chief, Washington: I arrived here safely. Command coming in on the road without much molestation. Some artillery firing on the road through Vienna to Chain Bridge, but nothing of a serious character, so far as I can learn. Within an hour all the commands on the other roads will be in camp within the intrenchments; the three corps on the Vienna and Chain Bridge road by to-morrow morning. I await your or(lers. The enemy still continue to beat around to the north. I do not myself be- lieve that any attack here is contemplated. The troops are very weary, bi~it otherwise in good condition. JNO. POPE, Ma,jor-Gi~nerai, Commandin~1 Page 88 88 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. No. 3. Reports of Brig. Gen. George D. Bayard, U. S. Army, of operations July 21September 2. IIDQRS. CAV. BRIc~., THIRD An~r~ CORPS, ARMY OF VA., Camp at Uptons Hilt, Va., October 13, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communi- cation announcing your desire to have a report of the operations of my brigade during the advance toward Gordonsville and our subsequent retreat. At this late day I must depend much upon my memory, as many of my papers have beeii misplaced, and it is impossible at present to find them: The last ten days of July were occupied in scouts toward Madison Court-House and the IRapidan River. Madison we occupied, and our parties always went to the IRapidan, which was uniformly reported to be strongly picketed upon the opposite bank by the cavalry of the enemy. On the 1st of August I was ordered by General Crawford, command- ing the United States forces about Culpeper Court-House, to proceed to Barnetts Ford and make a demonstration there, so as to attract the attention of the enemy. At the ford there is a mill, which was occupied by the enemy as the headquarters of their advance picket, and from which they were driven by a battalion of the First New Jersey Cavalry, under Major Beaumont. The skirmish was quite brisk, and I had 2 men wounded, but owing to the enemy keeping at long carbine-range I lost no more, although for some hours there was a constant cracking of carbines. The enemy suddenly disappearing, the cause was shortly explained by an express from General Crawford sta taken Orange Court-House. , ting that he had The next few days were occupied in establishing my line of pickets along the Rapidan from a point 5 miles below the railroad up as far as Caves Ford, while my headquarters were moved from Elm farm, be- tween the Robertson and Crooked Rivers, to a point 2 miles beyond Cedar Mountain. This made a line of at least 14 miles, to be picketed by two regiments of cavalry, much reduced by long and hard marching. I marched into Madison Court-House one day and returned the same evening with the First Pennsylvania Cavalry. Along the entire line skirmishing was continually going on, and the men were obliged to exert themselves continually to maintain this line of pickets so far in advance and supported only by the weak and worn-out reserve that I could give them. On the night of the 6th the enemy captured 2 men and the horses and arms of 6 men at one of my advanced posts. For this negligence I at once reduced to the ranks the commanding non-commissioned officer. My headquarters were now moved to a point 2 miles south of Cedar Mountain. On the night of the 7th the enemy crossed the river at a private ford (Walkers), and also at Caves Ford, from which I had been compelled ~o withdraw all my forces, and not at Barnetts Ford, as Gemieral Pope states in his report. 4t daylight on the 8th, doubtful of the report that the enemy had crossed iii force, as reported, I advanced to re- establish my pickets. Lieutenant-Colonel Karge, with one battalion of his regiment (the New Jersey), took a road to the right, with orders to get around the enemy and cut off his retreat to -the river, while I, with ~wtotlter battaljon of the regiment, mnoved to re-euforce Colonel Qwei Page 89 CHAP. XXIV.] GENERAL REPORTS 89 Jones, of the First Pennsylvania Cavalry, and with our combined forces drive the enemy back upon Colonel Karge. I advanced beyond Slaugh- ters house, when my advance guard reported large infantry forces and long lines of wagons in plain view. I at once sent word to Colonel Karge to withdraw his force, and fell slowly back myself to the road by which he would have to return. The enemy advancing in force, I never- theless sncceeded in checking his advance with Maj. R. I. Falls bat- talion of the First Pennsylvania Cavalry, who deployed his men as skirmishers, and held the position for half an hour under a heavy fire. He had 2 men wounded. Colonel Karge now returned, having cap- tured 1 captain, 1 lieutenant, and 24 men of the infantry force of the enemy. I now sent word to the pickets along the river below when we were to return to camp, and all reached camp the next day by a roundabout road, except Captain Boyd, First New Jersey Cavalry, the commanding officer, who was compelled to take to the woods, and flu ially reached us just before the fight at Cedar Mountain, losing horse and equipments. We now fell slowly back, and just as my rear guard reached Robert- their artille sons River the enemy opened with ry. Over that stream I destroyed the bridge, which- detained them for some time, and enabled me to break np my camps leisurely. All was conducted in the -best order and manner by all the men and officers except Quartermaster Hazen, First New Jersey Cavalry, who deserted his camp, leaving a port- able forge and the regimental books to fall into the hands of the enemy, and one more exception I have again to make. All the men who were left in camp became panic-stricken, and went rushing into Culpeper in a disgraceful manner. Those in the field did admirably. I fell back beyond Cedar Run, and reported the facts occurring in my front to you. General Crawford arrived the next day and assumed comniand. On that day was fought the hard fight at Cedar Mountain. Colonels Allen and Duffid reported to me according to order. I inclose a list of my losses. I must again speak of the admirable behavior of my men and of the gallant charge led by Maj. R. I. Falls, First Pennsylvania Cavalry, and herewith inclose his reports. The next two days were employed scouting in the direction of the enemys flanks, and then we had for a few days a rest. On the 18th I received orders to cover the retreat from Cedar Mountain with five regiments of cavalry, viz: First Pennsylvania, First New Jersey, First Rhode Island, First Maine, and Second New York Cavaliy. We waited all that night and the next day for General Sigels train to pass, reaching Culpeper just at dark on the 19th. I received orders to halt at Brandy Station that night.. In the morning, according to order, I sent out reconnoitering parties on all the roads. A squadron of the Maine cavalry, which I sent out on the Raccoon Ford road, first caine up with the enemy, and finding theni advancing in force they fell slowly back. The Harris Light (Second New York) Cavalry, Colonel Kilpatrick, kept them at bay until all the reconnoitering parties returned. He lost several men badly wounded. As soon asthe reconnoitering parties returned I slowly fell back toward the river, following the Maine and Rhode Island, which I had already sent on. Just before reaching the ford of the Rappahannoek the coun- try is open, and for 2 or 3 miles offers for cavalry an open and uninter- rupted field for their operations. I crossed this and drew up the Harris Cavalry beyond the strip of timber which separates this plain from the river. The New Jersey cavalry I placed to the right of the Harris Cavalry and some 000 yards in rear. Lieutenant-Colonel Karge I in Page 90 90 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. structed to support Colonel Kilpatrick if he needed it. I sent an order to Colonel Jones to form his regiment just beyond the timber so that he could charge the enemy should they get beyond the timber. From the hill on which was drawn up the Harris Cavalry the long columns of the enemys cavalry could be marked by the clouds of dust arising, and the quick, sharp report of the carbines proved that our skirmishers were already engaged. Our skirmishers drove back those of the enemy, but this was but a temporary success. I had the gen- erals orders not to bring on a general engagement, or I should have brought into action the whole of my force. As soon as the leading regiment of the enemy came up they formed, and quickly charged with loud shouts and wild yelling. They caught Colonel Kilpatrick executing a maneuver, and his men at the time had their backs to the enemy. The sudden charge and the yells of the enemy seemed to strike panic in the men, so that they soon began run- ning. They were rallied by Colonel Kilpatrick and Capt. H. C. Weir, my assistant adjutant-general, both of whom displayed their usual bravery and coolness. Colonel Karge from his flank position had a fine opportunity to cut the enemy to pieces, and gave the or(ler to charge, but he was followed only by his adjutant; Lient. Penn Gaskell, and Lieut. William Bayard, my aide-dc-camp. They rode into the scat- tered enemy, and here Colonel Karge was shot through the leg, making a painful and serious wound. The enemy now charged the Jersey cavalry, and I regret to say that, contrary to their previous history, they, too, began running. I, as soon as I saw this, ordered Captain Broderick, commanding the rear battal- ion of the Jersey cavalry, to place his men in the timber just in his rear and let his men use their carbines, from which position he repulsed the enem~y. Seeing the enemy going around the timber, I quickly rode through it, and hastened the formation of the Pennsylvania cavalry. As soon as the enemy appeared I ordered Maj. li. I. Falls to charge them with his battalion, and he quickly cleared the enemy from sight. The enemy now withdrew, and the fight closed. I inclose lists of killed and wounded and missing.* The Maine cavalry recrossed the river, and were formed just in rear of the Pennsylvania regiment. As soon as I gathered together all the men to be found I crossed the river. The next few days following all my cavalry force was employed re- connoitering and picketing along the iRappahannock River. Two (lays afterward I was ordered to proceed to Lawsons Ford and hold it if possible. I placed the main body of my force at the forks of the road where the Freemans Ford and the Foxs Mill road join the one to Lawsons Ford. At Lawsons Ford there was some skirmishing, but nothing that amounted to anything. The next morning I was relieved by General Sigels forces, and was ordered to move to the right to feel the enemy in that direction. I pushed my skirmishers to the small stream to the east of Warrenton Springs, but I there found the enemy in force. As I had orders not to engage the enemy I halted, and l)lanted my battery upon commanding ground. It rained very hard this night, and in the midst of it General l3uford arrived with his brigade, and declared his intention of going through to the Springs. The next morning, however, I found him in my front, having been unable to force his way through. The next night I staid in Foxville, and the following day joined General Sigel in his advance on Warrenton Springs. i~mbodied in revised 8tt~tement, ~ 13 Page 91 CHAP~XXIY.] GENERAL~REPORTS. 91 The next day, the 26th, I was ordered roun4to the right, and I went as far as Waterldo Bridge, where I found General Buford. I then received orders to proceed to Warrenton, where I was ordered once more to accompany General Sigel in his march on Gainesville, which we reached but a short time before dark. I threw out my pickets, and we established ourselves for the night. The next morning I was ordered forward to hold - Thoroughfare Gap until General Ricketts came up. Colonel Wyndliam had already been sent forward by Gen- eral MciDowell, and had occupied what he took to be the Gap. General IRicketts came up, but finding he could not hold the position he fell back to Gainesville, whilst my brigade, with General Bufords, con- tinued to hold Hay Market till daylight the next morning. Lieutenant-Colonel Kilpatrick, you will perceive, lost several men at the Gap. Colonel Wyndham had detached Lieutenant Yorke and 6 men on a scout to the right of the road. Finding himself cut off from our troops he struck out boldly through the country, and after consid- erable suffering he led his party up by Leesburg, crossed the river, and came down through Washington. I followed General Ricketts column until we had nearly reached Bristoe, when I pushed on to the front and reported to General MeiDowell. By him the brigade was taken on the Sudley Ford road, and ordered to take a position to the left of the line tormed by our forces. Later in the day Captain Leski came with an order for me to move forward on the Gainesville road and charge the enemy, but when I reached the point the enemy had retired. After dark I moved forward a portion of my command, under Lieutenant- Colonel Kilpatrick, to the support of Kings division, at that time en- gaged with the enemy. Captain Sigmores [Seymours ~] squadron was drawn into an ambuscade and cut to pieces. The next day I was ordered to report to General Porter, and he ordered me to fall to the rear. Shortly after our left was turned, and all my cavalry was deployed to stop the infantry from running away. I reported to General Pope, and carried one or two orders for him. When he left the field I reported to General Reynolds, and having sent my aides to order the cavalry to fall back on Centreville I left the field when General Reynolds left, leaving nothing behind except the noble regulars. At Centreville I collected tl~e cavalry and was ordered out toward the Little River turnpike, but soon met the enemy, with whom for the remainder of the day we kept up a desultory firing. That night I was awake all night, and just before daylight the last of my cavalry left the town, the whole army having fallen back to Fairfax Court-House during the night. We lay near the town during the day, and just before sundown we evacuated the place, following General Hooker on the Alexandria pike, where we arrived safely the next morn- ing. It is natural in closing a report of this character, covering the length of time that this does and including the number of actions aHd skir- mishers it does, that I should have many men to point out as distin- guished for their gallantry and good behavior. Lieutenant-Colonel Karge I would particularly name as always ready and valiant, and I would particularly ask that the general would notice him. Lieutenant- Colonel Kilpatrick was always active and brave. Lieutenant-Colonel Barrows by his personal daring was enabled to give me important in- formation when near Barnetts Ford. [GEO. iD. BAY4RD.] Col. B. SCHRrVXR, Chief of Staff Page 92 92 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP: XXIV. HDQRS. CAVALRY BRIGADE, THIRD ARMY CORPS, Camp near Culpeper, Va., August 14, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the opera. tions of the cavalry brigade under my command on the 8th and 9th of August, just passed: On the 7th my line of pickets extended from a point 3 miles east of the railroad to beyond Barnetts Ford some .3 or 4 miles, and on that day I rode along the entire length of that picket line, examining the headquarters of the pickets and seeing that the vedettes in front were properly executing their duty. About 12 oclock that night Capt. David Gardner, First Pennsylvania Cavalry, in charge of the line of pickets west of Robertsons River, re- ported that his vedettes and pickets had all been driven in; that the enemy had crossed the Rapidan in force, and that he (Captain Gardner) was falling back toward Robertsons River. I immediately dispatched Col. Owen Jones with the remainder of his regiment to re-enforce the pickets, and he shortly reported that he had advanced again to within a couple of miles of the river. Before the break of day Lieutenant.Colonel Karge, with 160 of the men of his Jersey regiment, started, in order to turn the enemys left, by the Madison road, leading into the Barnetts Ford road, while I, witb the remainder of the regiment, under Major Beaumont, advanced to re-enfor~pe Colonel Jones and attack the enemy in front. I ad~anced all the way to the Rapid an, and Major Beaumonts vedettes here came in sight of a large train of the enemys and their camp, with a heavy force of cavalry in front. Just at this moment a contraband came in, and reported that the whole of Ewells division had crossed the Rapidan, and were advancing. I ordered Major Beau- mont to fall- back slowly when pressed by the enemy, and sent word to Colonel Karge to return at once, as the enemy were in too great force to be attacked by our light force. The Jersey battalion fell back slowly and in good order, and about 3 miles from the ford I relieved it by bringing up the Pennsylvania regi- ment into action. I fell back to the road on which Colonel Karge was obliged to return, halted my command, and held that position until Colonel Karge returned with his force and 20 rebel prisoners, captured by Captain Janeway, Company L, New Jersey cavalry. During that time we had to stand a heavy fire from the enemys cavalry, in which we lost two corporals of the Pennsylvania regiment, severely wounded. As soon as Colonel Karge came in I continued my retreat. The enemy now opened upon us with their artillery, and we crossed Rob- ertsons River under heavy fire of both artillery and musketry. Col. Owen Jones, First Pennsylvania Cavalry, here by my order de- stroyed the bridge, which for a long time prevented the crossing of the river by the enemys artillery. As soon as I had discovered the enemys force I had sent to camp and had everything started for Culpeper. Owing to the neglect of duty of Quartermaster Hazen the New Jersey trains left their portable forge and a great deal of baggage. I continued the retreat to Cedar Run, where I posted the Pennsyl- vania cavalry on picket, and fell back a mile farther with the Jersey regiment. I had sent word to the pickets on the east side of Robert- sons River to fall back, but the order reaching them so late it was impossible to do so. They remained in the woods till the next day, when they succeeded in getting back to Culpeper. Captain Boyd, th Page 93 CHAP. XXIV.j GENERAL REPORTS. 93 commanding officer of that picket, rejoined my command after a hard race and by abandoning his horse. The picket lost 2 vedettes, who were captured, which was the only loss sustained by my command during the retreat. That same evening the First Maine Cavalry, Colonel Allen, and the First Rhode bland Cavalry, Colonel Diiffi~, reported to me, and II re- lieved the Pennsylvania-rca intent by the latter. General Crawford also arrived (luring the evening with his brigade. The next day I advanced with the three reginrents of cavalry to Colonel Puffids support. I drew up the cavalry to the right and left of the roads, taking down the fences, so that they would have an unim- peded field of action. By direction of General Roberts, chief of cavalry, I detached the Maine regiment to the rear and left, in order to watch and patrol all roads to our lefb Two battalions of the Pennsylvania regiment per- formed the same dnty on the right. About 1.30 oclock the enemy opened on us from three batterie~,to which our batteries rel)lied. General Banks soon arrived, and shortly after the infantry fight began. Wfien our infantry fell back the enemy advanced, engaging Bests battery, and General Banks ordered a charge of cavalry on the enemys advancing lines to try and check the pursuit. I ordere,d Maj. IR. I. Falls, commanding First Battalion First Pennsyl- vania Cavalry, to lead up his battalion and charge. He led the charge bravely and executed it well. The enemy, though advancing in force, were astonished, and could iiot think that so small a body of men would execute such a charge unless supported by large bodies of troops behind them, and accordingly they halted, and soon fell back. Sec- ond Lieutenant Butcher was killed. Captain McDonald was severely wounded with four balls in him. Major Falls, in advance of his men, ran through the neck with his saber a rebel soldier. Officers and men behaved admirably, and I can- not speak too highly of the good conduct of all of the brigade. The cavalry was held in the ~ge of the timber, and covered the re- treat~f the artillery and ambulances. Of my staff I cannot but speak of the uniform gallantry and bravery of Capt. II. C. Weir, my assistant adjutant-general, and First Lient. W. C. Patterson has my thanks for the manner in which he promptly transmitted my orders. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. D. BAYAIID, Brigadier- General, Commanding Cavalry. Maj. S. F. BAIRSTOW, Assistant Adjutant-General, General ~ Corps Page 94 94 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA~, AND MD. (CH~?. X~Y. JUNE 2930, 1862.Reconnaissance from Front Royal to Luray, Va., and skirmish. REPORTS. No. 1.Gel. Charles H. Tompkins, First Vermont Cavalry. No. 2.Capt. George J. Summat, First Maine Cavalry. No. 3.Maj. Angelo Paldi, First Michigan Cavalry. iNTo. 1. Re/port of Col. Cltarle8 H. Tompkins, First Vermont Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS FIRST VERMONT CAVALRY, Camp Gordon, near Front Royal, Va., July 2, 1862. Sn~: I have the honor to submit the following report of a reconnais- sance made through the Luray Valley by the cavalry under my com- mand in obedience to instructions received from Headquarters First Brigade, First Diviskrn, Department of the Shenandoah, June 28, 1862: On the morning of the 29th instant the cavalry force, consisting of live companies of the First Vermont Cavalry, three companies Maine cavalry, under Captains Summat, Thaxter, and Tucker. and two bat- talions of the Michigan cavalry, under Majors Paldi and Town, was formed in line in the suburbs of Front Royal. The Maine cavalry was detailed for rear guard for the infantry. The battalion of Michigan cavalry, under Major Paldi, was directed to proceed to Milford by the turnpike and await the arrival of the main column. Major Town, with his battalion and one company of the First Vermont Cavalry, under Captain Preston, was detailed for advance guards to the main column, consisting of four com~panies of the Vermont cavalry, Hamptons bat- tery of four 10-pounder Parrotts, and the Fifth Connecticut and the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, n~ving in the order here specified. The column moved until dark, when they had reached ,~bout 3 miles beyond Milford, and encamped, nothing having been seen dur- ing the day. At 5 oclock on the next morning the cavalry saddled up and re- ported to the general commanding. Captain Prestons and Captain Flints companies were detailed for the advance guard. Major Towns battalion was detailed for rear guard to the column of infantry, which proceeded to within 5 miles of Luray and halted. Captain Platts com- pany was detailed as rear guard to Hamptons battery, which followed in rear of the column of cavalry. When within about 5 miles from Luray a vedette of the enemy was captured by the vedette of the ad- vance guard, nuder command of Corporal Decker, of Company D, First Vermont Cavalry. Having reached the hill about half a mile out of Luray two com- panies of the enemys cavalry were discovered to be drawn up in line just outside of the town upon the New Market or Gordonsville road. Captain Tuckers company, of the Maine regiment, and Lieutenant Blackmers company ((1), of the First Vermont Cavalry, were ordered up to the snI)port of Captain Preston, with the advance guards. The advance then charged the enemy, who met the charge, but were dis- persed with a loss of 2 prisoners. The loss sustained by our cavalry was 1 man killed (Private Gordon, of Company D) and 1 of the First Maine Cavalry wounded Page 95 CHAP. XXIV.] FRONT ROYAL TO LURAY, VA. 95 Having achieved the object of the reconnaissance, the cavalry force was again formed and returned to this camp, arriving at 9 p. in. oii the 30th ultimo, after a long days march of 43 miles. The reconnaissance being under the immediate command of Brigadier-General Crawford, I deem a simple statement of the part borne by the cavalry as su.fflcient on my part, well aware that individual instances of bravery and good conduct were noticed by the brigadier-general commanding. I am, sir, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, CHAS. H. TOMPKINS, Colonel, First Vermont Cavalry. Maj. EDWARD F. BLAKE, A. A. A. U., 1st Brig., 1st Div., 2d Corps, Army of Virginia. No. 2. Report of Capt. George J. Summat, First Maine Cavalry. IIDQRS. FIRST BATTALION FIRST MAINE CAVALRY, Fear Front Royal, Va., July 2, 1862. SIR: On Sunday morning, June 29, agreeably to iiistructions from headquarters, I left camp with a detachment of 100 men, and proceeded with the command to a point about 3 miles beyond Milford, where we encamped for the night. The next morning, in connection with two companies of the First Vermont Cavalry, my command composed the advance guard, leaving 25 men, under Lieutenant Ellis, to guard the bridge at Milford. We pushed on toward Lnray, arriving in sight of the place between 8 and 9 oclock a. m. Found about 200 rebel cavalry leaving the place. The advance guard immediately charged, driving back the enemy for a mile, when orders were received to stop the pur- suit. My command sustained no loss. During our absence a party of about 25 guerrillas approached the bridge at Milford from the opposite side of the Shenandoah. Lieu- tenant Ellis proceeded with a small party to ascertain the force of the enemy, who, observing the movement, retired to the woods. My com- mand returned to camp Monday night at 9 p. m. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. J. SUMMAT, Captain, First Maine Cavalry, Corn dg. First Battalion. Maj. EDWARD F. BLAKE, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General First Brigade. No. 3. Report of Maj. Angelo Paidi, First Michigan Cavalry. CAi~w FIRST MICHIGAN CAY., NEAR FRONT ROYAL, July 2, 1862. GENERAL: ln compliance with special order from your headquarters of the 29th nltimo my command, consisting of Companies M and B, under Major Town, and C omnpanies F, G, and K, of my own battalion, and- all of the First Michigan Cavalry, formed in line, equipped with two days rations, in front of our camp. After proceeding about half Page 96 96 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHIP. XXLV. mile beyond the village of Front Royal Company K, under the com- mand of Lieutenant Marvin, was detached and ordered on grand-guard duty at Chester Gap. He reported in camp at noon yesterday. Major Town was also detached with his command upon some duty which did not come to my knowledge, while my command, Companies F and G, under Lieutenant Fletcher, was ordered to proceed on the River road to Luray and report to Colonel Fillebrown, of the Tenth Maine Infantry. Overtaking the column of infantry about 6 miles from Front Royal I immediately took the advance, and with due caution, supported by in- fantry skirmishers, proceeded to Milford. Arrived at Milford, Colonel Fillebrown drew in his company of skir- mishers, and I detached a squad of mounted men and threw them out as flankers, but owing to the nature of the country it was almost impos- sible for horsemen to surmount the natural obstacles in their way. Two miles and a half beyond Milford I halted my command and awaited further ordersthis at 12 oclock noon. At 5 oclock p. m. I marched bacl~ a mile and bivouacked for the night. At 4 oclock in the morning (June 30) I awaited orders in the saddle. By orders of Colonel Tompkins my command, with the exception of 20 men from Company G, who had gone back to Milford the night previous to guard the bridge, fell into column, and led the, reserve of cavalry. Following the advance, except wheu specially ordered to divert the course of the column, I arrived in sight of Luray and a body of rebel cavalry. The advance dashed bravely and gallantly at the enemy, while I kept on increasing our speed to the speed of the advance, thereby keeping in good supporting distance. Passing through Luray, I was met by Colonel Tompkins, and ordered to overtake our advance and bring them in, but after riding some 4 miles along the New Market pike I perceived that our cavalry must have diverged from the road, as nothing but scattered rebels could be seen, and they far ahead; so I returned to Luray. On the return to Luray Lieutenant Fletcher had information of a fellow secreting one of our guns which dropped in the charge, and that the man actually belonged to the Southern Army. So of course the lieutenant properly arrested him, and reported the fact to Colonel Tompkins. The man was afterward released by Lieutenant Daniels. In marching from Luray to Front Royal my command formed the advance, passing Major Town. with his command at the ford 6 miles from Luray, and withdrawing the guard from Company G at Milford, and arrived in camp about 8 oclock p. m. of the 30th ultimo without further incident worthy of remark. Officers and men behaved well. Yours, very respectfully, A. PALDI, Major, First Michigan Cavalry, Comdg. Detachment. JULY 1, 1862.Bkirmish near Fort Furnace, Powells Big Fort Valley, Va Rc~port of Brig. Gen. John TV. (leary, U. iS1. Army. HEADQUARTERS BRIGADE, Near Bucks Ford, Va., opposite Passage Creek, July 1, 1862. SIR: In obedience to special orders from Thig. Gen. A. S. Williams my command took up the line of march at daylight this morning an Page 97 ONAP. XXIV.] OCCUPATION OF LURAY, VA., ETC. 97 reached thi8 place about 8 oclock. Six companies of lily cavalry pen- etrated Powells Big Fort Valley, and three-quarters of a mile above Fort Furnace discovered about 800 of the enemys infantry and two pieces of artillery. The advance was attacked from an ambuscade at that place, being in a very narrow gap, one of my men receiving a severe wound in the body and another in the hand. They returned the fire and dislodged the enemy from their ambushed position and doing some damage, but fearing they might be cut off by the enemy from the mountain passes, they retired 1 mile toward this end of the gap, which they are now holding, together with all the roads leading thereto from the mountains. You will please lay this report before the general. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. W. GEARY, Brigadier- General, commanding. Maj. R. MORRIS COPELAND, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Corp8, Army of Virginia. JULY 2122, l862.Occupation of Luray and reconnaissances to Columbia Bridge and White House Ford, Va. Report of (Jot. William R. Lloyd, Sixth Ohio Gavairy, commanding brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., SECOND DIV., FIRST ARMY CORPS, Luray, July 22, 1862. GENERAL: In obedience to your order of the 20th I proceeded yes- terday with the troops assigned to my command for the purpose, and took possession of and now occupy Luray, with the Seventy-third Penn- sylvania, five companies of the Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania [New York] Infantry, and one section of iDieckmanns battery, all under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Muhleck, of the Seventy-third; the Sixth Ohio and mountain howitzers, under command of Major Stedman, and the Fourth New York Mounted Rifles, Lieutenant-Colonel Nazer. We are now encamped on the high ground immediately south of Luray. Captain Abell, Sixth Ohio Cavalry, is acting as provost-marshal, and with his company as provost guard occupy the court-house~ and the house. lately vacated by the rebel citizen Bost is used as a hospital, under charge of Surgeon Finch, Sixth Ohio Cavalry. I directed a reconnaissance to be made this morning at 5 oclock to Columbia Bridge, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Mubleck, with six companies Seventy-third Infantry and four companies Sixth Ohio Cavalry, Captain Barber, and the section of artillery. They reached the ford without meeting the enemy. Captain Barber crossed with the cavalry, and scoured the woods and roads for 2 miles south of the ford. No appearance of the enemy was found, and no indications that any scouts, patrols, or other parties of the enemy have crossed the ford for ten days. I directed a reconnaissance at the same hour this morning to the White House Ford, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Nazer, Fourth New York Mounted Rifles, with four companies Sixty-eighth Infantry and four companies Fourth New York and the two howitzers. They arrived at the ford about 9 oclock. Some rebel cavatry, not more than 7 R RVOL XII, PT I Page 98 OPLRA11ONS iN N. VA., \V. VA., iND MD. tU~Ar XXJV. 98 20, appeared across the river shortly a tei~ the party reached the ford within rifle range. We learned that 15 rebel cavalry ha(l crossed the ford yesterday morning and recrossed about 9 oclock; that about 40 cavalry crossed the night of the 20th and recrossed about 2 the next morning. We know that this party rode through the town of Luray arid back the same night, shouting for Jefl~ Davis, but committing no other indiscretion. I accompanied the party under Lieutenant-Colonel Muhieck about 4 miles, when, with my ad~jutant, Captain Richart, and a small escort of cavalry, I proceeded to White House Ford, reaching the river a mile above the ford, and reaching the ford shortly after the arrival there of the party nuder Lieutenant-Colonel Nazer. A few shots were exchanged with the rebel cavalry, but a shot or two from the howitzers started their party back toward the gap. This ford is 4 miles from Luray, on the turnpike leading to New Market, and about 6 miles from the gap, which overlooks the valley west of the Peaked and Massanutten Mountains. Col.nmbia Bridge Ford (the bridge being destroyed) is about 8 miles from Luray. Both these fords are at present passable for troops of any class. From these expeditions and the most reliable information I could obtain I am satisfied that no rebel force of any description at l)resent occupies this valley. The rebel cavalry that have visited Luray and sometimes annoyed the Sixth Cavalry are portions of some four or five companies that make Harrisonburg their rendezvous, and from time to time send to New Market and thence into this valley one or two com- panies to observe our movements. With as little delay as possible I will direct a suitable expedition into the gap to observe the valley from Yew Market to Mount Jackson. I will also send patrols southward daily, which will enable me, I hope, to give you the earliest possible intelligence of any appearance of the enemy in this direction. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. R. LLOYD, (olonet, Commanding Second Brigade. General STEINwEIIR, Commanding Seeond Division, First Army Corps, Virginia. JULY 22, 1862.Affair at Verdon, Va. I~EPORTS. No. 1.Maj. Gen. J. B. B. Stuart, C. S. Army, commanding Cavalry Division. No. 2.Capt. C. T. Litchifeld, First Virginia Cavalry. No. 1. Report of Maj. Ccii. J. B. B. Stuart, C. S. Army, commanding Caralry Division. HEADQUARTERS CAVI~LRY DiVISION, Hanover, August 2, 18~2 COLONEL: In answer to Major Taylors note, asking for a report of the facts concerning the dash of the enemyscavalry upon the camp of the Bath Cavalry, at Verdon, I have the honor to state that Captai Page 99 AYFAU? AT VL~RDON, V4L. 99 Litelifield, who conirnanded the squadron of my command sent to that vicinity after the raid at Beaver Dam. has, at my request, submitted a report, which is herewith forwarded, giving a lucid account of the affair. The Bath Cavalry has never been assigned to any regiment, but be- longed to the valley forces, and had been for five weeks at Verdon, according to the captains account (Captain MeChesney); depending on the vicinity for rations and forage. The company, according to the accounts of the citizens, fled at the approach of the enemy. I arrived upon the ground in the afternoon. Captain MeChesney reported his force to be 75 er 80 men, 2 of whom were captured, and, he informed me, about 10 horses. He was just a mile from the ford over the North Anna (Oxford), where the enemy crossed, at which point a determined stand could have been made, as I noticed myself; the bank being very advantageous for sharpshooters. If Litchfield could have reached that point the enemy would never have crossed. Upon the foregoing and other representations made me by citizens I telegraphed and wrote to General Jackson that I thought this company had better be withdrawn; whereupon it was done, and is now, no doubt, temporarily attached to some regiment of Robertsons command, perhaps the Second Virginia Cavalry. The extent of damage to the camp is not precisely known, but believed to be slightonly a few tents. Most respectfully, your obedient servant, J. E. B. STUART, Major- General, Commanding. Col. B. H. CHILT ON, Assistant Adjutau~- General, Headquarters Department. No. 2. Report of Capt. tJ. 1. Litchfteld, First Virginia 6~avalry. CAMP DISCIPLINE, Hanover C~ounty, Va., July 31, 1862. GENERAL: In obedience to your written order I report in writing the late demonstration and attack of the enemy at Verdon and vicinity. Agreeably to your instructions I left Atlees Station on Sunday, the 20th instant, in charge of a squadron, and proceeded in the direction of Hanover Junction via Hanover Court-House, which l)lace I reached about dusk, and encamped beyond some 1~ miles, sending, as directed, Lieijtenant Grattan, with 6 men, up to Beaver Dam Station to ascertain the extent of damage done the railroad and the position and strength of the enemys forces at that point. During the night a courier arrived from Lieutenant Grattan, stating that but little injury was done the road and the enemy had returned, and that the necessary repairs could be made in a few hours. I started early next morning with the command and proceeded as far as Andersous Station, where I halted to feed. I there found a cavalry company encamped, from Bath County, commanded by Captain Mc- Chesney, who informed nie that lie was picketing the Telegraph road leading to Fredericksburg and scouting in that direction. I then sent a lieutenant and 9 men from Major Critchers battaljon down the road with Captaiu McChesneys picket, to go in the direction of Bowlin Page 100 100 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXLV. Green by a road running parallel with the Telegraph road and leading to that place. I then proceeded on to Beaver iDam, and found the road had been repaired ready for the passage of trains. I halted my command to as- certain something of the condition of the road above, about 3 miles, at a place called Greenbay~s Crossing, and found that there was likewise but little injury done the road at that point, but deemed it important to have those roads guarded leading to Greenbay and Fredericks Hall, so that the trains might pass uninterruptedly or be notified in time to prevent accident. I therefore sent Lieutenant Koiner, with 11 men, in charge of the post, and proceeded with the remainder of my command across Andersons Bridge and down the road leading toward Fredericks- burg in search of the enemy and information. I followed this road ~o a point where it intersected the Telegraph road at Dr. Flippos house, when I came upon a party of 7 of the enemy, 6 of whom I captured after a sharp skirmish, wounding the seventh so severely that he had to be left at the doctors house. I here learned that the enemy were in pretty strong force down the Telegraph road about 3 miles. I then proceeded up this road in the direction of a cross-road leading to Bowling Green, but before reaching that point was informed that the party guarding that road had been run iu by the enemy that evening, and that they were in considerable force upon the other road. I went on to the forks of the road, and finding no pickets, as I expected, I concluded the information I had received was correct, and that it would not be prudent or advisable to proceed farther with my small force, necessarily rendered so by guard- ing the roads above and made less effective in guarding this road and my rear. I therefore fell back across the river and encamped for the night. In the morning, after feeding, I starteddown the road toward Cap. tam McChesneys camp to ascertain what had become of his men and the party sent out by myself. Upon reaching which place I learned that his pickets had not been posted beyond Carmel Church, but that a scouting party had been down as far as Dr. Flippos. I then sent a message to the party sent out by myself, notifying them of my position, with instructions to join me, and determined to take a scout in another direction. I sent Lieutenant Stewart to guard the bridge at or near Beaver Dam, and started up to Island Ford, where I had intended crossing, but stopping to feed near the ford, and before the horses were done eating a courier arrived from Captain McChesney, stating that a regiment of the enemys cavalry were approaching the ford by the Tele- graph road. I immediately sent him back with a message to Captain MeChesney to take his entire force and proceed to the river, and keep them in check until I could come to his aid should they attempt to cross. I started as quickly as possible to his aid, and met a secoiid courier with information that they had crossed the river and were fight- ing. I hurried up to the point to find it in possession of the enemy and the entire camp in flames. I was considerably in advance of the column, and found that they had possession of all the roads and a force in the field above Andersons house and to my left, in addition to a force on the road leading to my rear. Of their strength on this road I could learn nothing, and knew that I could be easily cut off if that force was sufficiently strong, so my only chanceas I was not suffi- ciently strong to fight through at this point; they, besides having a superior force, had also the advantage of positionwas to move my command across the fields and through the timber, determined to forc Page 101 CH~. X~V.J RECONNAISSANCE TO JAMES CL~Y, VA. 101 a crossing on the road leading to my rear. Placing vedettes at com- manding points to ascertain their strength, I soon gained the road to my rear and found they were falling back, and came up just as Colonel Martin had passed in pursuit. In my opinion a small force at the river ought to keep in check a very superior one, but Captain McChesney afterward informed me that he had not sufficient notice to reach that point, and that he lla(l, be- sides, very little ammunition. The officers and men in my command all behaved with the utmost gallantry and coolness when in the presence of the enemy, ready, cheer- fully, to obey any order. Very respectfully, your obedient servant C. T: LITCHFIELD, Captain, Commanding Squadron. [Indor8ement.] HEADQUARTERS SECOND CAVALRY DIViSION, August 2, 1862. Respectfully forwarded. Captain Litelifields conduct and that of his command is highly ap- proved. He is an officer of fine judgment, intelligence, and gallantry. J. E. B. STUART, Major- General. JULY 2224, 1862.Reconnaissance to James City and Madison Court- House, Va. R~port of Brig. Gen. George D. Bayard, U. S. Army, commanding C1av- airy Brigade. HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY BRIGADE, Fairfax, Va., July 24, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the evening of the 22d I left here with General Hatch, going as far as James City that night. The next day we pushed on to Madison Court-House, driving away some half a dozen picket men who were in the town. General Hatch left to execute his orders (of which I presume you are aware) about 1 oclock in the afternoon. One battalion (Major Falls, Pennsylvania Cavalry) occupied the town during the night. Previous to leaving the town, however, I sent the Jersey cavalry on the Go~donsville pike some 7 miles, but they returned without seeing any of the enemy. Agreeably to General Hatchs ordei- I this morning sent the Pennsyl- vania cavalry to take post in front of Slate Mills, with orders to make reconnaissances below the Court-House while I returned to this place with the Jersey cavalry this morning. I to-day ordered out all the available men of the Virginia cavalry on the Orange road, and gave them orders to drive in the enemys pickets beyond the Bapidan, for the purpose of distracting his attention from General Hatchs move- ment on the left. They have not yet returned. General Crawford with his brigade came in to-day and he is now here in command. General Jackson is at Louisa Court-House; General Ewell at Gor- donsville, with his advance at Liberty Mills Page 102 102 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. The last I heard of General Hatch he was 12 miles from Madison. I will let you know as soon as I can about the men you ask for. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. D. BAYARD, Brigadier- General, Corn man ding Cavalry Brigade. Col. E. SCHRLVER, Chief of Staff. JULY 23, 1862.Skirmishes near Carmel Church, Va. 1~EPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Rufus King, U. S. Army. No. 2.Col. Judson Kilpatrick, Second New York Cavalry. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. RiJUS King, U. S. Army. DIVISION HEADQUARTERS, Fredericksburg, Va., July 24, 186212 m. The cavalry I sent out on the Telegraph road Tnesday afternoon [22d] returned at 11 oclock last night, having successfully accomplished their work. They attacked and defeated two bodies of Confederate cavalry, 200 or 300 strong; burned one camp, and a quantity of corn, medicines, and other stQres; broke up the telegraph line; chased the enemy to within a short distance of Hanover Junction, and broughtin 3 prisoners, a number of horses, and sundry arms. We did not lose a man. The loss of the enemy was 31 killed and a dozen or more wounded. Our I)eol)le behaved admirably. RUFUS KiNG, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Colonel SOHRIVER, Chief of Stafi, Warrenton, Th. No. 2. Report of Cot. Judson Kilpatriek, Second Yew York Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS HARRIS LIGHT CAVALRY, Jnly 24, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that in obedience to your orders I left Fredericksburg at 4 p. in. of the 22d, with detachments of the Harris Light Cavalry, Third In(liana, and Fourteenth Brooklyn, in all 390 men, crossed the Massaponax River at 8 ~ in., and bivouacked 4 miles the other side, leaving the Fourteenth Brooklyn and 30 cavalry to guard the ford and roads leading from Bowling Green and New Market. At 2 a. m. of the 23d I commenced a rapid march for the rebel camp, supposed to be at Carmel Church. At daybreak I saw the church but no camp, the rebels having crossed the North Anna River a few days before. A woman informed me that a scouting party came (laily at 7 a. in. to the church. I placed in ambush Captain Seymou Page 103 C~. XXIV] SKiRMISHES NEAR CARMEL CHURCH, VA. 103 with his company. He had just placed his men in position when his alluring detail was suddenly attacked by 9 or 10 men, supported by some 50 rebels. Captain Seymour suddenly charged, forcing the ad- vance back upon the supports. I went to his assistance with a small force, leaving Majors Chapman and Davies to guard the cross-roads at the church. The rebels were whipped, pursued, and driven into the river. Lieutenant Kimball crossed, and soon returned, and reported that the rebel camp was in sight, and the rebels in column of platoons in the road, with skirmishers covering several hundred yards in front. I ordered up the reserves, and with Major Davies and Captain Walters reconnoitered the enemy. He occupied a good position on the brow of a hill sloping gently toward the river, level in the rear, and fine position for a cavalry fight. I at once determined to attack him, leaving Captains Seymour, Mclrwin, and Grinton to guard the ford. I directed Major Davies to deploy the carbineers of the Harris Light Cavalry as skirmishers on the right and left of the road, and Major Chapman to proceed up the road in column of platoons to charge. Major Davies advanced rapidly with his skirmishers, gaining ground to the right, for the purpose of flanking the enemy, drawing his skir- mishers back and beyond his column in the road. Major Chapman, seeing that this column was about to return, charged most gallantly, routed, and pursued the enemy to within sight of Hanover Junction nearly 5 milesthe camp destroyed, tents and stores burned, also seven car loads of grain. Suddenly and unexpectedly a large force of cavalry (afterward found to be Stuarts) came down on our right. Ordered up the reserves, and the enemy, although greatly outnumbering our tired and worn-out soldiers, was promptly met by Majors Davies and Chap- man, and forced back in great confusion far beyond the fire of Captain Walters carbineers. Having accomplished all that could be done with safety I at once recrossed the river, and took up a strong position near the church. The enemy did not have the boldness to follow. At 12 m. we started for Fredericksburg, and reached our camp at 11 p. in. of the same day. During the long march and the two skirmishes in the morning the whole command, officers and men, conducted themselves most nobly. 1 would particularly mention Maj. H. E. Davies, jr., who deserves great credit for the gallant and able manner in which he handled his skir- mishers. He and his officers, Captain Walters and Lieutenant Plum, of Company L, Lieutenant Kimball, of Company F, were constantly in the action and exposed to the sharpest fire of the enemy. Major Chap- man and his whole command promptly obeyed every order, and charged most gallantly. Braver and more eager men never met the enemy. Sergeants Harris and Gribben, of Company L; Sergeant McCutchen, of Company F; Regimental Color Sergt. Alfred Randolph won praise from all who saw the daring deeds done by each. Adjt. B. Gregory, who fearlessly and correctly carried orders on the field, and his untiring exertions during the expedition, won the highest praise. I have the honor to report the capture of 21 horses by the Harris Light Cavalry; 3 by the Indiana cavalry, besides 6 saddles, and other arms, & c. The killed and wounded of the enemy is not known. I am happy to state that we lost not a man, although several horses were killed and wounded. Respectfully submitted. J. KILPATRICK. General RuFus KING, Commanding Thivisiim Page 104 104 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. rOHAr. XXIY. JULY 2426, 1862.Reconnaissance from Fredericksburg toward Orange Court-House, Va. REPOIRTS. No. 1.Brig. G~n. Rufus King, U. S. Army, coinimiuding divirion. No. 2.Brig. Gen. John Gibbon, U. S. Army, commanding brign4e. No. 1. Report~ of Brig. Gen. Rufas King, U. 8. Army, commanding division. DIVISION HEADQUARTERS, Fredericksburg, Va., July 26, 18624.45 p. iii. I have just heard from our expedition. They arrive(l within 5 miles of Orange Court-House yesterday afternoon. Bivouacked there, and at daylight this morning advanced on the Court-House, (Iriving in strong mounted pickets and followiiig them to within L~ miles of the town. Satisfied from information there obtained that General Robert- son was at the Court-House with two or more regiments of cavalry and perhaps a small force of infantry ; that General Ewell with a large force of all arms was only 3 miles beyond, and that Jacksons force is strung along for 6 miles farther through Liberty Mills, General Gibbon, acting under my insti uctions, decided not to take his small force any farther. At 9 a. m. they were on their way home. General Gib- bon says that he anticipates some I)ursuit, but is fnlly prepared. No man had been hurt on our side. I will send detailed report of the re- connaissance as soon as General Gibbon returns. RUFUS KING, Brigadier- General, Commandinq. Major-General POPE, Washington, D. 0. DIVISION HEADQUARTERS, Frederioksburg, Va., July 27, 186210.30 a. in. SIR: I telegraphed to you yesterday that I had heard from General Gibbons expedition, which was dispatched from here Thursday after- noon in the direction of Orange Court-House, to ascertain, if l)ossible, the strength and position of the enemys forces in that quarter. A brief note from General Gibbon, dated at 9 oclock yesterday morning, and the report of my aide-de camp, Captain Benkard, whom I sent out to meet the column early yesterday morning and who returned last night, enable me to state that the reconnaissance was successfally ac comphished without loss on our side, the enemys l)ickets having been (iriven by our cavalry and sharpshooters to within half a mile of Orange Court-House. The impression derived by General Gibbon from the statements of contrabands and white residents whom he saw and con- versed with was that General t. H. Robertson, with two regiments and a battalion of cavalry, was a~t the Court-House or in its immediate vicinity; that General Ewell, with a force of all arms, was 3 miles beyond, and that the residue of Jacksons forces were strung along for some 6 miles in the direction of Madison Court-House, from which qual-ter an attack was apprehen(led by the Federal troops. When ou Page 105 CHAP. XXIV.] RECONNAISSANCE TOWARD ORANGE C. H., VA. 105 advance approached the Court-House it was supposed to have come from the direction of Warrenton, crossing the Rappahannock at Rac- coon Ford and making a detour to the left to take Robertson in rear. General Gibbon, satisfied of the presence of a large force in his front, and having but a small column with him, followed out his instructions by retracing his steps to Fredericksburg. On the return the enemys cavalry pursued our men for 8 or 10 miles and endeavored to harass the rear guard, but were in every instanc& ~ checked and driven back by the cavalry and sharpshooters. The only man hurt on our side was a l)rivate of the Third Indiana Cavalry, who was thrown from his horse. 1 am assured that every officer and man of the command behaved as well as could be wished. I shall have the honor of transmitting General Gibbons official report to headquarters as soon as it is received. The column is now within a few miles of Fredericksburg and will be in camp this afternoon. Very respectfully, RUFUS KING, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Col. E. SCHRIVER, Chief of Staff, Third Army Corps, Warrenton. FREDERICKSBURG, VA., July 27, 186212.30 p. m. General Gibbon has returned, and reports substantially what 1 tele- graphed to the general commanding yesterday. The enemy desisted from pursuit after following the column 10 miles. We met with no casualties. I will transmit General Gibbons report to-morrow. He estimates the force of the enemy between Orange Court-House, Gor- donsville, and Liberty Mills at 25,000 or 30,000. RUFUS KING, Brigadier-General, Commanding. Colonel RUGGLES, CMef of Staff, Washington, D. C. No. 2. Report of Brig. Gen. John Gibbon, U. S. Army, commanding brigade. HEADQUARTERS GIBBONS BRIGADE, Camp opposite Fredericksburg, Va., July 28, 1862. SIR: Pursuant to instructions from General King, I left here on the afternoon of the 24th to make a reconnaissance in the direction of Orange Court-House, for the purpose of ascertaining in what force the enemy occupied that place. M~T command consisted of 60 riflemen, three regiments of infantry, a battery of artillery, and one squadron of cavalry. One regiment was left on the morning of the 25th to guard the junction of the Orange Court-House and Culpeper Court-House plank roads, with orders to follow on after being re]ieved by a regiment from here, but not to wait for that relief later thanll a. m. Anothe Page 106 106 OPERATIONS IN N. VA, W. VA., AND MD. [CITAP. XXIV. squadron of cavalry was to join me during the day. The remainder of the force moved on to a point 5~ miles from Orange Court-House, which was not reached till 5 p. in., after a very hot and fatiguing march, which reduced one of the regiments to about 250 effective men. It was my intention to have pushed on the same evening to the Court-House, but it was already late; neither the regiments of infantry nor the squad- ron of cavalry had yet come up, and I was satisfied that the enemy had discovered our advance. During the niglit our pickets were several times fired upon. The next morning (26th) just after daylight the march toward the Court-House was resumed, the regiment in rear having joined during the night. At the cross-roads, 5 miles from the Court-House, I left the main body obstructing the roads to the right and left, and pushed for- ward with one regiment of infantry, the Rifles, two pieces of artillery, and the squadron of cavalry, somewhat reduced by detached pickets watching the roads coming in from the left in the direction of Gor- donsville and Louisa Court-House. We soon encountered the enemys mounted pickets, drove them in, and pushed on in pursuit. The country becoming more open, the cavalry showed itself in greater force. Skir- mishers were thrown out behind the cavalry, and the advance pushed to within 14 miles of the Court-House, shots being occasionally exchanged between the two. Captain Lemon (Third Indiana Cavalry), whose man- agement of his command, both in advancing and retreating, was admi- rable, reported that six companies of cavalry in all showed themselves. I saw only between two and three. Additional information in regard to the position and force of the enemy was picked up during this ad- vance, confirming that received the night beforethat Robertson was in the immediate vicinity of the Court-House, with two or three regi- ments of cavalry; Ewell, with a force of artillery, infantry, and cavalry, only 3 miles off, and Jacksons main body, said to be 30,000 strong, at or near Liberty Mills, 6 miles from the Court-House. My instructions directed me to run no unnecessary risk in obtaining the information for which I was sent. I therefore proceeded no farther. The enemys cavalry pursued us and made a dash at our rear guard, but was easily repulsed, with the loss of 1 prisoner, who was brought in, and reports 5 of his people wounded in the morning skirmish. We lost 1 horse. I returned on the morning of the 27th. The Second Wisconsin and the Rifles (Second U. S. Sharpshooters) were conspicuous during the march for their well-filled ranks, losing very few men by straggling, although the weather was very warm and the marching on the way out rapid. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN GIBBON, Brigadier-General, Commanding. Capt. R. CHANDLER, Aset. Adjt. Gen., Kings Division. JULY 24-26, 1862.Scout in Wyoming County, W. Va. Report of J2ieut. (lol. Jonathan D. limes, Tuelfth Ohio Infaintry. CAMP FLAT Tor, July 2~, 1~62. SIR: In obedience to orders I left camp at 4 a. m. July 24, with a detachment of 100 men, under command of Captain Liggett and Lieu Page 107 CHAP. XXIV.] AFFAIR AT SUMMERVILLE, W. VA. 107 tenant Tibbals, of the Twelfth Regiment Ohio Volunteer lufantry, and marched into Wyoming County, where report said that rebel scouts were committing depredations on the Union citizens. We proceeded by the Flat Top Ridge to the Gulf Ridge, along and over it, crossing Gulf Fork of Guyandotte River to Tommys Ridge, several miles along it and down its steep side to Devils Fork; thence across Barkes, Peaks~ and Mi lams Ridges, and en camped on Barkes Fork, having marched 26 miles. Took Squire Clendennen, a noted rebel, prisoner, and fired on his son, who escaped to the mountains. July 25 we crossed Cagers Ridge to Tom Godfreys, on Pinnacle Fork of Guyandotte. Here a Union company was organized, with Godfrey for captain, and about 30 members, which I doubt not will be entirely able to sustain themselves against any force likely to penetrate such a wild mountain country. They appear to be very determined. Left Godfreys at 4 p. m. and marched by way of Indian Ridge and Bear Ridge to Mr. Whites, a bushwhacker, who fled on our approach. Encamped at his house for the night; 17 miles marched. Left Whites at 3 a. m. and marched along Bear Ridge to Flat Top, and by that chain to camp, a distance of 31 miles. Whole distance marched, 74 miles in three days. The roads throughout the whole of this region are mere trails and paths, nearly impassable for horses. The people live in miserable huts, and are mostly bushwhackers, and belong to the well-known company of R. B. Foley, called Flat Top Copperheads ; none of them are now at home, having fled in all directions as our force approached. We learned that a small force of the enemy, said to be under General Floyd, was in the vicinity of Abbs Valley, in Tazewell County, south of Flat Top. Respectfully, your obedient servant, J. D. HINES, Lieutenant Colonel, Commanding Outpost8, & c. To Brigadier-General Cox. JULY ~5, 1862,Affair at Summerville, W. Va. REPORTS. No. 1.Licut. Col. John C. Faxton, Second West Virginia Cavalry. No. 2.Lient. Col. Augustus H. Coleman, Eleventh Ohio Infantry. No. 1. , Report qf Lieut. tJol. John C. Paxton, Second West Virginia Cavalry. V GATJLEY BRIDGE, Jul 25, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to forward to you the following statement from Lient. J. W. Miller, Company F, Ninth Virginia Volunteers, of the affairs at Sum merville, W. Va., on the morning of July 25, 1862: Companies A and F, underLientenant-Colonel Starr, of the Ninth, were stationed there and .had charge of the post. This lieutenant had charge of Company F, Captain Chase being absent. He says about 4 oclock a. m. he was awakened by a single shot from the picket at the guard- house. He at once got up, and hearing a noise in the street looked out of the window and saw the street full of rebel cavalry, dressed in gra Page 108 108 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHIP. X~V. uniforms, yelling at the t~p of their voices. He then went downstairs and went out of the back window, and escaped across the fields to the woods. In about half an hour he returned, and found that the enemy had fired three houses, had taken all the officers and men, and returned by the same road (Sutton) they came. He found Dr. Hysell and 2 men (wounded), soldiers of the Ninth, at headquarters, also 3 well soldiers. He says there were about ten shots fired altogether, and that the outer pickets were one-quarter of a mile from headquarters, on the Sutton road. They also had three other picket posts about the same distance from headquarters. The companies were quartered in houses. The 2 men wounded were on duty at headquarters. There were 3 men on each post. The picket on the Sutton road halted the enemy. They spurred on him. He fired on them, and, as he says, knocked one from his horse. The other 2 men ran without firing, and all 3 escaped. The other posts did not fire. Lieutenant Miller says he was not on duty. His company was quartered [at] Tavern House when the rebels came in, and he was quartered on the opposite side of the street from his com- pany. He further found on examination after his return that, in addition to the officers and men, the enemy had taken 10 horses, 8 mules, destroyed the wagons, and burned the corn stores. There was no ammunition there except about 20 rounds in each mans cartridge box, which of course was taken, with the Enfield rifles the men were armed with. None had any warning. Sergeant Sherman, of Company F, was acting officer of the day. He further says that Lieutenant Ewing, of Company A, came in yesterday evening from a 20-mile scout on the Sutton road. He thinks there were about 200 of the enemy, under Major Bailey, and they told a citizen they had ridden two days and nights to effect what they had accomplished. They also said they would be back to-morrow. All of which I have the honor to report. J. C. PAXTOK, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding Post of Gauley. Brig. Gen. JACOB P. Cox. No. 2. Report of Lieut. Col. Augustus H. Coleman, Eleventh Ohio Infantry. GAIJLEY, July 28, 1862. SIR: I send you the followi~g report of the athdr at Summerville: Lieutenant-Colonel Starr, commanding, was taken prisoner; also Captain Davis, First Lieutenant Stivers, and Second Lieutenant Ewing, of Company A. I do not yet know how many of the m~n were captured, as squads are still coming in. Over 50 men belonging to the command have already arrived at this post. They were completely surprised and made no resistance whatever. The attacking party consisted of about 200 cavalry. They burned three houses, including the commissary store- house; also one wagon, destroying a second wagon, capturing 8 mules and 12 horses. I will be able to give you full particulars to-morrow on the return of Major Curtis. A. H. COLEMAN, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Post. Capt. G. M. BAscoM, Assistant A djutant- General Page 109 0~. ~Y.J RECONNAISSANCE TO RACCOON FORD, VA. 109 JULY 28, 1862.Reconnaissance toward Orange Court-B:ouse, Va. .keport of Brig. Gen. Samuel W. Crawford, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES FORCES, Near Culpeper Court-House, Va., July 27, 18622.45 a. m. GENERAL: Yesterday morning I ordered a scout of 100 mounted men to proceed via Colvins Tavern and the forks of the Crooked and Robert- son Rivers directly south to Barnetts Ford, to cross the river at that point, drive in the enemys pickets, and proceed as far as practicable toward Orange Court-House. The commanding officer of this force was apprised of the advance of our troops from Fredericksburg. The fol- lowing report has been made: OLD SCHOOL-HOUSE, On Orange Court-Blouse Boad, Va., July 26, 18625.40 p. m. GENERAL: I followed the road laid down in my instructions, and drove the enemys pickets in at Barnetts Ford and pursued them for 1 mile, and captured a team with eight barrels of flour, which I was forced to destroy. Our advauce from Fredericks- burg is said to be 4 miles from Orange Court-House, on the turnpike. General Jack- son is at Orange Court-House, with two brigades of infantry and 1,500 cavalry. We are now 8 miles from Culpeper. Inclosed are Richmond papers of July 24 and 25, which were captured 2 miles from Orange Court-House. Very respectfully, JOHN W. KESTER, Captain, tommanding Scout. Another scout, sent to Somerville Ford, which is not named npon our maps, but which is midway between Raccoon Ford and Rapidan Ford, crossed the river and proceeded 1~ miles, seeing nothing of the enemy. A signal gnu was fired at midnight in the direction of the Rapidan. I have given Major Houston all the information at our com- mand. Do you desire to know the result of all our scouts l Very respectfully, your obedient servant S. ~ CRAWFORD, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. Gen. I. MCDOWELL, Commanding Third Army Corps. a JULY 28, 1862.Reconnaissance from Culpeper to Raccoon Ford, Va. Report of Capt. William S. Cogswell, Fifth Connecticut Infantry. CAMP NEAR CULPEPER, VA., July 28, 1862. GENE1~AL: I respectfully submit the following report of a scout made yesterday for the purpose of ascertaining the number and condition of the roads leading to Raccoon Ford: There are two principal roads leading from Culpeper to the ford, the first, going to the west of Pony Mountain, is the more direct of the two and the one usually traveled by the inhabitants. It is a very rongh and in raiuy weather a very muddy road. After a hard storm it would be impassable for artillery for some days. Near Pony Mountain there is a branch road leading to Mitchells Ford, which is 5 miles abov& the Raccoon Ford. About 6 miles from Culpeper this ~road makes a turn to the right, and after running in the new direction for about 3 mile Page 110 110 QPERATION~ IN N. Vi., W. VA~, AM) MI). tOit& ~. XXIV. turns to the left, making an elbow around a piece of woods. Through this wood there is a more direct road, which comes out exactly oppo- site the ford and joins the main road where the turn to theright is made. This road I have not been over. Seveii miles from Culpeper, near the house of a Mr. Colvin, there are two branch roadsthe one to the right leading to Mitchells Station, distant 34~ miles; the center one leading to Somerville, distant 3 miles. From this point to the ford would be the worst part of the road in wet weather. The distance to the ford by this road is 10 miles. The other principal road is by the way of Stevensburg, around the east side of Pony Mountain. The road from Culpeper to Stevensburg is now very good, with the excep- tion of two or three places, where for a short distance (20 or 30 yards) the mud is knee-deep. The distance from Culpeper to Stevensburg is 7 miles. The road from Stevensburg to the ford is of the same charac- ter as the one first describedvery rough, and in places muddy, but at present practicable for artillery. From Stevensburg to the ford is 6 miles. The ford is a very good one, hard, sand bottom, and when the river is settled not over knee-deep. To cross the ford if the water is high you go down the stream, keeping close to the bank, till you come opposite a large stump in the stream, then face toward the opposite bank, keeping, if anything, a little up. Accompanying is a sketch of the ford and the roads leading to it.* Your obedient servant, WM. S. COGSWELL, Captain Company I, Fifth ~ZYonnecticut Volunteers. Brig. Gen. S. W. CRAWFORD, Commanding First Brigade. JULY 29, 1862.Operations about Orange Court-House, Va. Report of Lieut. Col. Joseph Karge, First New Jersey Cavalry~ ELM FAn~r, VA., July 29, 18625 p. in. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that I reached this place at 1 p. m. without encountering any of the enemy. On my way hither I sent Captain Janeway, of Company L, with 60 men, to Rapidan Station, to scour the country and get all the information he could. He is to leave half of his men as picket on the fork of the road on his return to camp. Major Beaumont I sent with about 150 men onward to feel the enemy in the vicinity of Orange Court-House. I also dispatched another squadron as a support in case of emergency. Major Beaumont reported a little while ago that he had reached the Ilapidan River, (lriven iu the enemy~s cavalry pickets, and is waiting for further orders. I directed him to exercise the greatest caution possible, and not to cross the river unless he was sure of success, and by no means with more than one squadron, leaving the other on this side. From Captain Janeway I have heard nothing as yet. The road has been all the way good, and no difficulty can be experienced by transportation, except in very wet weather. I have putt up with the rest of my command close to the banks of Robertsons River. holding myself in readiness for any emer- gency. Omitted Page 111 ~. X~IV~J ~K1RM1~H AT Ot~ANG~ C. U., Vi. 111 I received report from Major Beaumont, of which I inclose copy: MADISON MILLS, VA., July 29, 1862. Lieutenant-Colonel KARGE: I have received information that the forces lately guarding the bridge over the Rapidan beyond Rochelie have come to Madison Court-Housesaid to be about 5,000 or 6,000 men, with several gnus and some cavalry. Two companies of cavalry picketed here last night, but fled rapidly at my approach, before I conid cross the ford. There is another ford a mile beyond this one, called Peyton Ford. Liberty Mills is 6 miles above here, occupied by about 2,000 or 3,000 men. I am finding corn at the mill, and shall push on after the two companies as far as Orange Court-House. I am waiting for my reconnoitering party to come in. If this force has advanced to Madison Court- House it is very likely that the firing we heard this morning was that force shelling the woods in that vicinity. I have sent Lieutenant Gray with a few carbineers to Peytoa Ford to unearth a company of pickets said to be there. BEAUMONT. The pickets that left here this morning told the man at whose house they staid that they were rapidly evacuating Richmond on a~coant of the sickness there. A great army they said was at Gordonsville and for 4 or 5 miles this side of there. I ordered Major Beaumont back to camp. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSEPH KARGE, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. First New Jersey Cavalry. Brigadier-General BAYARD, Commanding Cavalry Brigade. AUGUST 2, 1862.Skirmish at Orange Court-House, Va. REPORTS. No. 1.Col. Charles H. Tompkins, First Vermont Cavalry. No. 2.Col. William E. Jones, Seventh Virginia Cavalry. No. 1. Report of Col. Charles H. Tompkins, First Vermont Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS FIRST VERMONT CAVALRY, Camp near Raccoon Ford, Va., August 3, 1862. SIR: In obedience to verbal instructions from the brigadier-general commanding forces at Culpeper Court-House I have the honor to sub- mit the following report of the part taken by the First Vermont Cav- alry in the recent skirmish at Orange Court-House, Va.: Leaving camp at Raccoon Ford ou the morning of the 2d instant, we proceeded by way of Somerville, on the south side of the Rapidan River, to Orange Court-House. The scouting party consisted of the Fifth New York Cavalry, Colonel De Forest, and my own regiment, all under command of Brig. Geim. S. XV. Crawford. Arriving at the junction of the Fredericksburg and Rapidan roads in the order above stated, Companies 1) and I, of the First Vermont Cavalry, under Captain Flint, were ordered to the front as skirmishers, supl)orted by one squadron Fifth New York Cavalry, nuder Captain Pratt. At a point near the junctiou of the roads abQve referred to the enemys pickets, some 50 strong, were attacked and driven in, and at Page 112 112 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XX1V. pointin sight of the Court-House quite a large force were again attacked and driven. Skirmishing continued between our advance gnard and the enemy through to the outskirts of the town and a short distance on the G-ordonsville pike. At this time the head of the main column was at the intersection of the O-ordonsville and Madison roads, and were thrown into some confusion by a spirited charge made by the enemys cavalry from the direction of the Madison road. The front of the cob umn becoming confused created some disorder in the main body. The confused troops were gotten out of the way and order restored and the companies reformed. While reforming these troops a bold and dash- ing cavalry charge was made by Companies F and C, First Vermnomit Cavalry, nuder Captains Hall and Wells. Skirmishing continued for some time, the town being held by our forces. During the entire skirmish 25 of the enemy were killed, 2 mortally and several severely wounded, and 52 taken prisoners. Of the casualties in my regiment I append a list.* In concluding my report, necessarily brief; having simply the com- mand of my own regiment. I beg leave to call the especial attention of the general commanding to the following~named officers of my regiment on account of their gallant conduct, bravery, and exercise of sound judgment on this occasion: Adjt. Edgar Pitkin, Captain Hall, of Coin- panyF; Captain Flint, Company I; Captain Wells, Company C; Asst. Surg. P. 0. lvi. Edson, First Lieutenant Erhardt, Company A; Second Lieutenant Edwards, Company A; Lieutenants Grant and Woodbury, Company I; Lieutenants Grover and Cushman, Company E, and, in fact, every officer of the command and the men, with but few excep- tions, deserve great praise for their coolness and gallantry under the peculiar circumstances, it requiring as much bravery and more firmness to prevent a rout than to insure a victory. Trusting the general commanding will not attribute the momentary disorder to any of my men, I have the honor to remain, very respect- fully, your obedient servant, CHAS. II. TOMPKINS, Colonel First Vermont Cavalry. Capt. IJE HAUTEVILLE, Assistant Adjutant- General, Cu~peper Court-House, Va. No. 2. Report of ~Jol. William F. Jones, Seventh Virginia Cavalry. AUGTTST 7, 1862. Sin: I have the honor to report that on Saturday last, August 2, I was ordered with my regiment from near Gordonsville to hold and sup- port the picket posts in our front along the Rapidan. On arriving at Colonel Willis (within half a mile of town) we first learned the enemy were in possession, but in what force could not be ascertained. Just this side of town we met Captain Daingerfield, with his company, re- tiring before the enemy. No time could be afforded for inquiriesto fight or run were tIle only alternatives; I chose the former, and, as it turned out, against immense odds. Sharpshooters from Captain Magru- ders company were thrown to the front and they drove in their a4vanced Nominal list omitted shows 4 men wounded and 4 missing Page 113 CHAP. XXIV.] SKIRMISH AT ORANGE C. H., VA. 113 guard; the remainder of our regiment followed at a charge. Finding Main street filled with cavalry, a flank attack under Major Marshall was ordered by the railroad depot, while under my direction the head of the enemys column was assailed in front. Both attacks were successful. In ~ few moments the town was cleared, but the flanking party of the enemy~s right appearing above the town and firing into us unfortunately stopped the head of Company F, which, blocking up the street, stopped Companies G, H, I, and K. Lieutenants Crampton and liader, with a few men from their respective companies, burst through this jam and joined nobly in the fight. During the confusion, resulting from this needless and unauthorized stop, the flanking party of the enemys left turned us and attacked our rear. Lieutenants Neff and Mohler, of Company K, seeing the condition of affairs, ordered their company about and charged most gallantly, but the suddenness of the attack prevented their being followed by more than 8 or 10 men. The enemy here was only checked, and on the renewal of the attack these rear companies fled up the plank road before inferior numbers. A broken culvert and bridge caused them a heavy loss. Had these men joined the fight boldly a glorious victory would most surely have been ours. The four companies (A, B, C, and ID), after driving the enemy from the town, found themselves confronted with such overwhelming odds as necessitated a retreat. This was made in such order as admitted of a rally where the fight commenced. The enemy made only a faint effort to follow us, retiring into town on the first show of resistance, and afterward abstaining entirely from pursuit. Feeling myself greatly outnumbered, I withdrew to a suitable point- of observation, about a mile this [side] of the town. In the course of an hour or so the enemy commenced his retreat and we the pursuit. Being joined by the Sixth Virginia Cavalry, Colonel Flournoy commanding, and a section of ar- tillery, we followed on as far as Rapidan Station, intending to give battle, if possible, while crossing the river. As tlie retreat was made toward Raccoon Ford, we gave up the pursuit. From prisoners we learn that General Crawford was in command of the Vermont cavalry, the Fifth New York Cavalry, the First Maryland Cavalry, and probably a Michigan regiment, numbering, all told, from 1,200 to 1,500. Our whole force did not exceed 200, and not more than one-half of that engaged in the fight. From the best information attainable the loss of the enemy was 11 men and 12 horses killed; their wounded must have been 30 and their missing was 12. The inclosed list will show our casualties and missing nearly equal to that of the enemy. To Company A, Lieutenant Smith commanding; to Company B, Captain Magruder commanding; to Company C, commanded in the be- ginning by Captain Myersin the end by Lieutenant Myersand to Company ID, commanded by Lieutenant Brown, my thanks are espe- cially due for noble bearing in the fight and prompt attention to the restoration of order after it was over. The conduct of Maj. Thomas Marshall is worthy of the highest praise. Lieut. Peter Bader on this occasion, as well as on a previous one, deported himself in the most gallant manner. He is recommended to the Government as an officer worthy of consideration. First Sergeant Broadus, of Company D, did conspicuously good service and deserves promotion. By an examination of the list of missing and casualties it will be seen there i~ more danger in running than in fighting bravely. S R RVOL XIII P Page 114 114 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. Wounded, 10; missing, 40. Total, 50. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. E. JONES, Commanding Seventh Regiment Virginia Cavalry. Brig. Gen. B. II. ROBERTSON, Commanding Cavalry of I/alley Di8trwt. AUGUST 25, 1862.Scout from Meadow Bluff to the Greenbrier River, W. Va. Report of Capt. Israel Stough, Forty.fourth Ohio Infantry. MEADoW BLUFF, August 6, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of a scout made by me, pursuant to an order issued at your headquarters: I started with my command (the eflectives of Companies F, G, and K), numbering 155, on the evening of the 2d instant, for Grecubrier River, at a point nearly due south, where it was supposed a body of the enemy would take dinner on the 3d. I reached the point in due time, but to my chagrin found it to be but an idle rumor. Not a single rebel was to be seen. However, by waiting a few hours, expecting some of their pickets to visit the place, I succeeded in capturing William B. ilensley and Charles McAllister, privates of Company E, Eighth Vir- ginia Rebel Cavalry. I then took up my line of march for a point 2 miles down the river, where I bivouacked for the night. Early in the morning of the 4th I crossed the river one-half mile west of Haynes Ferry, ascended the mountain, and advanced cautiously, feel- ing my way toward the east, in order to gain a position commanding the pike leading from ilaynes Ferry to Centreville, a point one-fourth mile from the river, but when within 600 yards of the position I saw a few of the enemy in ambush and immediately commanded a portion of Company G to fire upon them, which drew the fire of the enemy, who were concealed in considerable force upon my right flank and front. I had Company G form in line of battle and engage the enemy, while I should endeavor to flank them with Companies F and K, and at the same time gain a more favorable position. But the enemy being in greater force than myself, and having every advantage in position, they were enabled to move to the rear of my flank before they were discovered by my flanking party, the fact being reported to me by one of Company K, whom I had placed upon a bluff. I therefore deemed it prudent to withdraw my little force to a position some 600 yards to my rear, where I could have at least an equal advantage with my adversary. I was not attacked, however, and seeing the enemy re-enforced, and not meet- ing with the co-operation I expected, the care of my wounded prevented me from attacking them. At first I thought of remaining in my position until night, that I might surprise them, but the want of water and rations compelled me to abandon my position and recross the river. The result of the skir- mish on the side of the rebels was 5 killed and 2 prisoners, Augustus G-winn, quartermaster of Thurmans band, and Garrett Taylor, who claimed not to belong to the Army, but is unquestionably a very bad man, giving all aid and information to the rebels he possibly can, and has been up to the time of his capture in Gwinns employ, superintend Page 115 CHAP. XXIV.] WYOMING COURT-HOUSE, W. VA. 115 ing his (Gwinns) farm. Our side, 2 wounded, Second Lient. A. N. Thomson in leg, and Benjamin Penny, a private in Company G, in arm; neither serious, however. I arrested on the evening of same day Lanty Graham and his son, Joseph A. The old man is known to be a violent secessionist. I also brought in 3 of his horses, which have been handed over to the brigade quartermaster. On the morning of the 5th took up my line of march for camp, where I arrived safely with my sick and wounded at sundown of the same day. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, L STOUGH Captain Company F, Forty-fourth Regt. Ohio Vol. Infty. (3o1. GEORGE CROOK, Commanding Brigade. AUGUST 28, l862.Operations about Wyoming Court-House, W. Va. Reports of Cot. Edward Siber, Thirty-seventh Ohio Infantry. RALEIGH, August 6, 1862. Sin: I just received the report from Wyoming Court-House that the detachment at that place had been attacked by some hundred rebel cavalry yesterday morning. Captain Messner has fallen back to Coal River, but he reports that 1 lieutenant and 18 men had been cut off and either been taken prisoners or cut to pieces. I march with two companies to join him, taking with me cavalry. Could there be done anything from Flat Top to intercept the retreat of the enemy I E. SIBER, Colonel. G. M. BASCOM, Assistant Adjutant-General. WYOMING COURT-HOUSE, August 9, 1862. Sin: The rebel cavalry which made the sudden raid from Jefferson- yule over Wyoming consisted of 140 horse, Captains Stratons and Witehers, and retreated, after having been repulsed before they reached Logan (Horse-pen Creek), by the Federal forces there stationed, August 7, by Gilbert Creek and Big River to Jeffersonville. We were conse- quently not more able to reach them. I am still with five companies of the Thirty-seventh Regiment in Wyoming, sending the l~orses back to Raleigh. Union men of this place are about to form a home guard, under com- mand of Mr. Walker, which formation 1 shall protect, but shall leave as soon as this is done, if I receive not counter order. Floyd is said to be at Jeffersonville with 1,500 men, awaiting more. It & eems that he intends to invade this country. Have repaired the roads. A Union Home Guard just arrived here telluiig that the major who commanded the detachment of Fourth Virginia was killed in th Page 116 116 OPEl~ATIO~S IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. IXtV. Horse-pen fight, and that two rebel bushwhacker companies are still there. The loss of my regiment consists in 2 killed and 1 officer and 5 pri. yates taken. The others I have rallied again. E. SII3ER, clolonel. Capt. G. M. BASCOM. HDQI~S. THIRTY-SEVENTH I~EGT. Gino VOL. INFANTRY, Raleigh, Aug~tst 12, 1862. CAPTAIN: According to the received orders, I sent, August 2, early in the morning, a scouting party, consisting of two companies (H and I), about 100 men, under command of Captain Messner, to Wyoming, and one company (0-), under Captain Schoening, to Coal River marshes, for~the purpose of serving to this scouting party as a reserve and of clearing the mountain passes of Guyandotte Mountains from bush- whackers. Captain Schoening arrived the same day at his post (Trumps farm), 14 miles from Raleigh. Captain Messner reached Wyoming (35 miles) the next day, without any impediment. A party of four orderlies of the Second Virginia Cavalry, who had been sent after Captain Messner, were fired upon near the mountain passes, and one of their horses was wounded. They fell back upon Captain Schoen- ing, who thereupon cleared that country which had so long time been infested by a few bushwhackers. Captain Messuer was apparently well received by the citizens of Wyoming Court-House, and being informed that about 15 miles from Wyoming, cn the Tazewell road, Floyds scouts were driving away cat- tle and gathering wheat from Union men, he sent also a scouting party, consisting of 16 men, under Lieut. 0-. Wintzer, accompanied by Mr. W. Walker (a member of the Wheeling convention) and two other armed Union men to McDowells farm, 4 miles distant from Wyoming Court- House, to burn also the wheat stacked there, and belonging to an in- veterate and fugitive secesh. Lieutenant Wintzer left the Court-House August 5, at 8 oclock in the morning, and reached the above-named farm, where he suddenly was surprised by the advanced guard of Captains Stratons and Witchers mounted rebel companies (140 men strong). After a short combat, Private Benton, of Company I, was killed, Lieutenant Wintzer and 7 I)rivates taken prisoners~ the remainder scattered in the mountains. The news of this disaster was brought to Wyoming by a young Union man by name of Cook; whereupon Captain Messner marched immedi- ately with both companies to the relief, reaching Isaac Cooks farm (1~ miles from town), when he saw at a distance of about three-quarters of a mile the cavalry advancing, and concluded to fall slowly back upon the Court-House. In this movement he was not molested by the cavalry, and succeeded in reaching the barricade on The Narrows, whic~h had [been] occupied iu the meanwhile by Lieutenant Kramm with one pla- toon. Ten minutes later he saw the enemy advancing, dismounted, along the brow of the mountains to intercept his retreat to Clear Fork whereupon he fell back to the mouth of Laurel Fork. In this combat Private Loewer, Company I,,was killed, but no other harm done by the fire of the enemy, which was answered by our own and soon ceased Page 117 CnAP.~XXIV.] WYOMING COURT-HOUSE, W.~YA. 117 Captain Messner continued his retreat over Guyandotte Mountain to Trumps farm, where he joined Captaiti Schoeniiig early in the morn- ing of August 6, sending [by] a mounted orderly these events to me. I received the news at noon and immediately started to Trumps farm, ordering Companies D and E and Captain Wallar with 25 men of his cavalry company to join me at this place, from which I started at 3 oclock next morning, August 7, with about 250 men, and reached Wyoming late in the evening by the Clear Fork. On this march I rallied some of those men who had been scattered in the woods. During the night I occupied the Court-House and closed the communication on the Tazewell road. Early in the morning, August 8, I started again and occupied all those communications (by pass) which lead from the above- named road to Logan, having been informed that the enemy had marched to Logan from Isaac Cooks farm. The cavalry detachment under Cap- tain Wallar went forward on the Tazewell road as far as Guyandotte (big river) River, where he was informed that the enemy had already, between 9 and 10 oclock on the previous evening, passed in utter con- ftision the Guyandotte River, and the remainder during the night, carrying along their wounded, Captain Witcher on a sled. Captain Wallar pursued the teeing enemy beyond the Guyandotte up Indian Creek, but was not able to reach any of them. During this time num- bers of armed Union men came over the mountain from Huffs Creek and informed me that on the 6th of August the enemys cavalry coin- panies under Straton and Witcher had joined the bushwhacker com- panies of Chambers and Beckley at Horse-pen Creek dr them some armed Union men, who bronght the news of iving before the enemys arrival to a company of the Fourth Virginia scouting in these parts. At Dick Cannadys farm, near Beech Creek, another short combat was fought, in which on our side the major of the Fourth Virginia was killed by four balls, and on the enemys side, Straton mortally and Witcher dangerously wounded, besides a few men were killed. Witcher received the news of our arrival and immediately backed the cavalry to Tazewell road. The company of the Fourth Virginia was reported to be still surrounded by the bushwhackers, and I was entreated by the Union men of Huffs Creek to join in an attempt to relieve them. When about moving in this direction more Union men arrived and told me that the Fourth Virgfnia men were all safe on the other side of the Big Sandy (in Kentucky) in Peters Creek. As I had during all this not received any information about Colonel Hines de- tachment I gave my men the rest, of which they were much in need, and quartered the next day the whole force in Wyoming, from which place the male inhabitants had mostly fled before my arrival, notwith- standing that there some had taken the oath of allegiance before Cap- tain Messner. The place, however, was soon filled by Union men com- ing from Union Fork and Rockeastle Creek, meeting at the Court-House in order to form a Union militia company, under the leadership of Mr. Walker, from Laurel, and H. M. Cook, from Rockeastle, both members of the Wheeling convention. All the Union men of those creeks are well armed and disposed to fight when sustained by any regular force. They apprehend an invasion (Floyds) on the Tazewell road, which I believe very probable as soon as the harvest allows to sustain in Wyoming County without any assistance from other parts. He might march on the Tazewell road either along Guyandotte to Big Sandy or over Wyoming and Pond Fork to Brownstown, on the Kanawha; on both roads teams might be driven along. There is no danger that the enemy would march from Wyoming t Page 118 118 OPE1~ATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. Raleigh. Guyandotte Mountain and Clear Fork cannot be passed by wagons in the present state of the road. This circumstance caused me to march back to Raleigh, being already two days without rations, not- withstanding the pressing demands of inhabitants to stay. The loss of the regiment on this expedition consists in 2 privates killed and 1 lieutenant and 7 privates missing (prisoners). One private has been left behind in Clear Fork for sickness, in the house of a Union man George Canterbury. I am, with all respect, yours, E. SIBER, Colonel Thirty-seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteers. AUGUST 48, 1862.Stuarts Expedition from Hanover Court-House to vicinity of Fredericksburg, Va.* Reports of Maj. Gen. Jame8 E. B. Stuart, C. S. Army, commanding Cav- alry Division. VIA HANOVER CoURT.llousE, VA., August 6, 1862. I struck the enemys line of march at this place, Massaponax Church, and Lees brigade is charging his baggage train in both directions, cap- turing wagons and prisoners, who are thronging already my presence. Two brigades (Hatchs and Gibbons), 6,000 men, and twelve pieces of artillery have gone toward Richmond on Telegraph road. Encamped at Geralds Miii, 12 miles from Fredericksburg, last night. Prisoners say Burnside is at Fredericksburg with 16,000, to follow on same route. One brigade went up by Spotsylvania Court-House last night. These facts are all corroborated by individuals separately questioned. Yan- kees say Hanover Court-House is their destination. I think Verdon and the Junction. Colonel Drake is in front of the enemy with First Virginia Cavalry, with one howitzer. He will delay their march. I will not trust course to paper. I send to Hanover Court-House to be telegraphed to Jackson and yourself. The Ninth Virginia Cavalry, in advance yesterday, caught 11 Yan- kees near Port Royal. The First Virginia Cavalry caught 4 and wounded several while repulsing the enemys cavalry in front. I will watch the enemy. J. E. B. STUART, Major-General. General LEE. SEVEN MILES OF FREDERICKSBURG, VA., August 6, 1862. (Received August 7.) I am on Telegraph road in rear of two brigades of enemy (Gibbons and Hatchs), twelve pieces of artillery, and cavalry. I have thus far captured about 100 prisoners and 30 or 40 wagons and teams. I am pressing the enemys rear and will harass him to the utmost. Burn- side is reported by all hands to have arrived in Fredericksburg within two days, with 1,500 [~] to follow these. The brigades referred to had * See also reports of expedition from Fredcricksbur0, etc., p. 121 Page 119 CHAP. XXIV.] STUARTS EXPEDITION, ETC. 119 their cavalry advance guard driven back with loss yesterday by Lieu- tenant-Colonel Drake, First Virginia Cavalry, who is in their front. Two thousand Yankees are in Spotsylvania Court-House and on the Crutchfield road leading therefrom, parallel to this. I have just heard the latter from a scont sent in. J. E. B. STUART, General H. E. LEE. Major- General. BOWLING GREEN, VA., August 7, 1862S a. m. tXENERAL: I continued yesterday to press upon the enemys rear, and succeeded in drawing back upon me his main body and batteries, thus foiling his plans and giving his infantry a hurried, hot, and dusty march of several miles. I then withdrew, covering completely the removal of all the prisoners and wagons captured and our own wounded (~). The latest indications were that the enemy was returning to Fredericksburg. We have captured about 85 prisoners of war, 11 wagons and teams, and about 100 Enfield muskets. Most respectfully, J. E. B. STUART, General R. E. Ia~E. Major-General. HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY DIVISION, December 20, 1862. GENERAL: After the lapse of several months of incessant activity an4 occupation with the enemy, I avail myself of a hiatus in the war to make a report of the operations of my command subsequent to the battles before Richmond. My command then consisted of two cavalry brigades (Hamptons and Fitzhugh Lees), which alternated with each other on outpost duty before the enemy on the Charles City border and camp of instruction at Hanover Court-House. During this period several skirmishes and affairs of petit guerre took place, which were duly reported at the time in pencil communications to the commanding general, as also one in which Col. S. D. Lees command, the Fourth Virginia Cavalry, behaved with great gallantry, and of which he fur- nished a report. These operations embraced a period from July 21 to August 16. The enemy occupied Fredericksburg and the north side of the Rap - idan in force, and had already made an inroad upon the Central Rail- road (that grand war-artery connecting Jackson, near Gordonsville, with the main body at Richmond) and at Beaver Dam destroyed the railway fixtures, capturing one of my volunteer aides, Capt. John S. Mosby, while quietly waiting for the train. I soon saw that there was no repose for my command at Hanover Court-House, and that it was a matter of first importance to counteract these raids upon the railroad. I was beset by numerous interested gentlemen to station the cavalry at various points of the railroad. This policy of frittering away the command into little detachments, on any of which ~the enemy could concentrate and overpower it, I steadfastly opposed, with the approval of the commanding general. I made one expedition, via Verdon, pro Page 120 120 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. rdnAr. XXIV. ceeding thence across to the Telegraph road, and following it down as far as the Ny River, but a heavy rain prevented the further prosecu- tion of the expedition, and I returned, leaving a regiment to occupy the front between Verdon and Fredericksburg for observation. There was no point on the North Anna below Verdon at which I could cross my command until August 4, when the long-expected bridge near Hanover Court-House was completed and my command present, con- sisting of Lees brigade and the Stuart Horse Artillery, marched directly for Bowling Green, taking care to camp to the eastward a few miles, so as to resume the march next day directly for Port Royal, on the Rappahannock, with the twofold view of getting in rear of the enemys forces on the Telegraph road and attacking any transports I might find on that stream. One squadron was sent to Bowling Green to obtain information and picket; but nothing was heard of the enemy. None of his marauding parties had visited that place since my former expedition on the Telegraph road. The march was continued on the 5th to Port Royal, near which point 10 or 12 of the enemys cavalry were surprised an4 captured. No transports or boats were on the river, and I proceeded toward Fred- ericksburg, turning to the left after passing Moss Neck Creek, and bivouacking just before dark near Grace, or Round Oaks Church, hav- ing made a very long march, with weather incessantly hot and dusty. Daring the night Colonel Drake, First Virginia Cavalry, near Verdon, was notified of our whereabouts, and directed to join us next morning, if practicable, on the Telegraph road, with a view to advance on Fred- ericksburg. Early next morning I directed my march across toward the Tele- graph road, upon nearing which I learned that a large force of the enemy had encamped on Massaponax Creek, and were then moving up the Telegraph road. Here, then, was another move upon the rail. road. We proceeded directly for Massaponax Church, situated on Tele- graph road, and when in sight we discovered straggling infantry and wagons on the road. The leading squadron, under the orders of Gen- eral Fitzhugh Lee, dashed gallantly forward, commanded by the veteran Captain Berkeley, whose clear, ringing command charge~~ brought the squadron like a thunderbolt upon the fleeing enemy in the direc- tion of Fredericksburg, pursuing for miles and intercepting all wagons and fugitives but one courier, whose fright baffled pursuit. Lieutenant- Colonel Thornton, with the remainder of the squadron, was sent in pursuit up the road, it having been ascertained from the prisoners that Brigadier-Generals Gibbon and Hatch, of the enemys forces, had passed up with their respective brigades toward Hanover Junction. Lreu- tenant-Colonel Thornton captured wagons and prisoners at every step until he came up with their rear guard at the Po River. Colonel Lee, Fourth Virginia Cavalry, and the artillery following close after, the rear guard was attacked and put to flight, the Fifth Virginia Cavalry (Col. T. L. Rosser) and the Ninth Virginia Cavalry (Col. W. II. F. Lee) acting in reserve. It was not long before the march of the main body was arrested, and the clouds of dust approaching evidenced a retro- grade movement. As his regiments of infantry, taking advantage of the wooded cover, neared us, a brisk skirmish and artillery fire ensued, my force gradually retiring, exchanging shots of artillery from position to position, until reaching the high ridge north of the Ny River. My Blakely gun being disabled, I turned by the road to Bowling Green, having previously sent the wagons and prisoners in that dir~c- tion. The enemy were content with reopening their communication t Page 121 CHAP. XXIV.J EXPEDITIONS FROM FREDERICKSBURG, VA. 121 Fredericksburg, to which point they continued their march. I encamped near Bowling Green, and the next day returned to Hanover Court- House. The results of this expedition were 85 prisoners of war and 11 fine wagons and teams complete, besides about 15 cavalry horses, arms, and equipments. The loss in killed and wounded on our side was 2 mor- tally wounded. On the part of the enemy the loss could not be ascer- tained, though unquestionably greater than mine. The operations of the enemy against the railroad were frustrated, my fortunate advent at so seasonable a moment in his rear being providential. During my stay near Fredericksburg, I regret to say, Burke, the Texas scout, was badly wounded in the wrist by a Federal sentinel near the town, and one of the Third Virginia Cavalry was shot by one of the Ninth Virginia Cavalry by mistake. This wholesome check to the enemy prevented any further raids upon the railroad, and kept him in a state of trepidation for fear of attack in the rear for the remainder of the summer. The officers and men behaved with their usual coolness and bravery, beginning with the gallant brigadier, whose dashing example animated his entire command, and Col. S. D. Lee, 1~ient. Col. John T. Thornton (Third Virginia Cavalry), Captain Berkeley, and Lieutenant White, of same regiment, behaved with conspicuous gallantry, handling their commands admirably, but all deserve special praise at my hands. My staff present rendered valuable service. I submit herewith a sketch of this expedition by my engineer, Capt. W. W. Blackford, C. S. Engineers, & c.* I have the honor to be, most respectfully, yonr obedient servant, J. E. B. STUART, Major- General, (Jommanding. Brig. Gen. ZR. H. CHILTON, Adjt. and Insp. Gen., Hdqrs. Army of Northern Virginia. AUGUST 58, 1862.Expeditions from Fredericksburg to Fredericks Hall Station and Spotsylvania Court-House, Va., with skirmishes.t REPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Rufus King, U. S. Army. No. 2.Brig. Gen. John Gibbon, U. S. Army. No. 3.Col. Lysander Cutler, Sixth Wisconsin Infantry. No. 4.Capt. J. Albert Monroe, Battery D, First Rhode Island Light Artillery. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. Rufus King, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS KINGS DIVISION, Fredericksburg, Va., August 6, 186210.30 a. m. COLONEL: General Gibbons column, which went out on the Tele- graph road, fell in with the enemy in considerable force, artillery and cavalry, yesterday morning. Some skirmishing took place, the enemy retiring as our artillery opened. The heat was so intense that it was * To appear in Atlas. See also Stuarts reports of expedition from Hanover Court-House, etc., p. 15 Page 122 122 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. impossible for either horses or men to march fast or far. Oniy one man was hurt on our side. I apprehend that the alarm of Gibbons advance has spread to the rear, and that re-enforcements will be sent up to protect the railroad at Hanover Junction. I have directed General Gibbon, in such an event, to return to camp. The other column, on the Spotsylvania Court.House road had got out 22 miles without seeing any enemy. They hoped to reach the rail. road this morning. General Hatch, with a supporting column, moved out about 12 miles last evening. He will fall back when Gibbon returns. I presume the whole force will be in camp again by to-morrow. Two deserters came in from Gordonsville this morning. I transmit their statements.* They were both sick of the service and ready to take the oath. They reside near here, and were sworn and paroled. General IReno and twelve of General Burnsides regiments are here. General Stevens, with seven more regiments, will be up to-day. Gen. eral Burnside telegraphs that he will be here himself this afternoon. Captain McMahons battery will be inspected to.day and the reports transmitted to headquarter~. Very respectfully, RUFUS KING Colonel SORRIV~R, Brigadier-General, (Jommanding. Chief of & aff, Third Army Co~p8, Culjpeper, V?a. No. 2. Report of Brig. Gen. John Gibbon, U. AS. Army. HEADQUARTERS GIBBONS BRIGADE, Camp opposite Fredericksburg, Va., Augu8t 9, l8~2. SIR: I have the honor to report that pursuant to General Kings instructions I left here on the 5th instant with a force for the purpose of destroying the Virginia Central Railroad. Dividing the party I sent Colonel Cutler with his regiment (the Sixth Wisconsin), the Harris Cavalry, and a section of Gerrishs (New Hampshire) battery out on the Spotsylvania Court-House road while I proceeded out the Tele- graph road with the Second and Seventh Wisconsin, the Nineteenth Indiana and the Third Indiana and Monroes (Rhode Island) battery. Cavalry, At Thoruburg, 15 miles from here, the cavalry in advance was fired upon with a 6-pounder gun and driven back by a cavalry force, whose advance was stopped by a few shots from our skirmishers and four or five shells from Monroes guns. The day was intensely hot and many of the infantry completely prostrated, so that I was unable to proceed farther in the afternoon, as I intended. The next day the march was resumed, some 60 or 70 disabled men being left with General Hatch, who had come forward with the reserve. After marching 7 miles I received reliable information that General Stuart, with a larger force than my own, was moving up the Bowling Green road. All prospect of surprising the enemy at the railroad was *Not found Page 123 CHAP. XXTV.J EXPEDITIONS FROM FREDERICKSBURG, VA. 1~3 over, even could I have reached it that day, which the condition of the infantry~ and the intense heat rendered out of the question. The cav- alry could not be depended upon for making the attempt alone. I therefore decided to return, first sending a part of the cavalry across to a road on our right to get in the rear of a party reported to be there by a cavalry picket I sent out on that road in the morning. I also sent a company of cavalry across to examine the Bowling Green road. Just before reaching our camp of the night before, the enemys guns were heard in General Hatchs rear, and I pushed forward and reported to him for duty. The next day I crossed to the Spotsylvania Court-House road to pro- tect, if necessary, the retreat of Colonel Cutler. The command returned to camp yesterda~, I refer to Colonel Cutlers report for information in regard to his part of the expedition, which was completely successful. I cannot refer in too high terms to the conduct of Colonel Cutler. To his energy and good judgment, seconded as he was by his fine regi- ment, the success of the expedition is entirely due. Fifty-nine men are missing from my brigade, most of whom are be- lieved to have been captured by the enemys cavalry while on their way into town in wagons. They were the men disabled by the first days march, left behind by me, and sent back by General Hatch. I am, sfr, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN GIBBON, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. R. CHANDLER, Assistant Adjutant-General, Kings Division. No. 3. Report of Col. Lysander Cutler, Sixth Wisconsin Infantry. HDQRS. SIXTH REGIMENT WIScoNsIN VOLUNTEERS, Camp opposite Fredericksburg, Va., August 9, 1862. SIR: In obedience to a verbal order received by me from General Gibbon on the evening of the 4th instant, instructing me to move with my regiment, the Harris Light Cavalry, and a section of artillery at 2 oclock the next morning, and to endeavor to reach the railroad running from Richmond to Gordonsville and destroy the same, I moved from my camp at the time indicated by him. At Fredericksburg I was joined by a section of the First New Hampshire Artillery, under Lieutenant Edgell, and after marching out on the plank road about 5 miles was joined by eight companies of the Harris Light Cavalry, commanded by Colonel Davies. I then turned over the immediate command of my regiment to Lieutenant-Colonel Bragg, and took command of the force above named. I then moved forward to a c4ross-road leading to Spot- sylvania Court-House, when I left the plank road and proceeded by what proved to be a very serpentine road to the Court-House, arriving there at 11a.m., where I halted to rest,having marched about 19 miles. I remained until 5 oclock p. in., when I moved forward 8 miles to Mount Pleasant, where I went into camp for the night, having marched 27 miles from this camp. Having been advised that the general would move~on the Telegraph road with a considerable force, and that a reserve would follow me th Page 124 C 124 OPERATIONS IN N. YA., W. YA., AND MD. [OffAI~. XXIV. next day to a point beyond Spotsylvania Court-House, I sent back a messenger to the commanding officer, indicating to him the point where the reserve should halt, and directing him to remain with and conduct the force to the point indicated, viz, a cross-road from 3 to 4 miles south of Spotsylvania Court-House. For some reason unknown to me they halted and remained at Spotsylvauia Qourt-Honse. At 11 oclock p. m. I received the dispatch from General Gibbon in- forming me that he had met a large force of the enemys cavalry and some artillery, and advising me to move early and cautiously. I con- cluded that the only chance of success was to move at once, while the general was keeping the enemy employed. I accoidingly marched at 2 oclock a. m. on the 6th instant to reach Fredericks Hall Station, 7 miles south of the North Anna Mver, at 8 oclock. Our gu~le made a mistake in the dark, and, taking the wrong road, led us 10 miles out of our way, so that we only reached Wallars Tavern at 8 oclock, 9 miles short of our destination, thus giving us 10 miles extra march, and causing us to miss a regiment of rebel infantry which left for Gordonsville at 9 oclock. We rested at Wallars until 1.30 oclock, ~nd then moved forward to the river at Carls Bridge. We found the river not fordable, and spanned by a bridge about 150 feet long and some 40 feet above the water. I selected about 150 men of the Sixth Wisconsin from those most affected by the heat, and left them with one company of cavalry to guard the bridge until our return, placing the whole under Captain Plummer, of the Sixth Wisconsin. I directed the balance of the men to lay aside their coats, blankets, and haversacks~ and fill their canteens with water, and at 2.30 oclock moved for the station at Fredericks Hall, 7 miles, which we reached at 4.30 oclock. When within about 2 miles of the station I sent forward the cavalry (except the rear guard) to cut the telegraph above and below the station, to picket the road to Louisa Court-House, an(I commence the work of destruction. I moved up with the inf4ntry and artillery as rapidly as possible and after placing the guns in position to command the village and cover our retreat. in case of attack, I moved the infantry forward to the station. I foun~I the cavalry busy at work destroying the road for nearly or quite a mile each way. I immediately had details made from the in- fantry to destroy the public property and assist in the destruction of the road. At 6 oclock the work was completed and we commenced our return, arriving at the bridge across the river at 9 oclock p. m. After getting the force across the river we destroyed the bridge and moved 2 miles to Wahlars Tavern, where the men laid down from pure exhaustion, having marched 32 miles under a burning sun, and destroyed the road and bridge, the march from the river to and from being over a light sand. At 11 oclock p. m. I received the dispatch of the general, dated at 6 p. in., advising me of a second days skirmish, and also that a portion of the enemy had turned off in my direction. Supposing we might meet the enemy on our return, we waited until 4.30 and started for Spotsylvania Court-House. When within 2 miles of that point we met General Gibbon with his command, where we halted until 4 oclock the next morning and then marched back to camp, arriving at 1 oclock p. in., having marched 90 miles in three and a half days under a broil- ing sun. We destroyed about 2 miles of road; burned one small bridge; de- stroyed the turn-table, a warehouse containing several tierces of Con- federate whisky, and burned about 1,000 bushels of corn belonging to the Confederate Army, and all the buildings belonging to the railroad. I cannot speak in too high I ems of the conduct of both the officers and men on the expedition. They all suffered severely from heat an Page 125 CHAP. XX1V~ ~X~EDITIONS FROM FREDE1tICK8HU~G, Vi. 125 fatigue, but were all ready at any time to execute any order given. The only murmurs I heard were those of disappointment at not meet- ing an enemy. I wish especially to notice Lieutenant-Colonel Rilpat- rick and Major Davies, of the cavalry, and Major Dawes, of the Sixth Wisconsin, for the prompt and faithful manner in which they caused all my orders to be executed, and also for valuable suggestions which I received from them~ We returned to camp without the loss of a man. In conclusion, I wish to add that I twice sent to Colonel Sullivan to send forward forces to points which I thought should be held for my safety, and which he declined to send forward. I was therefore, when at the railroad, 30 miles from any support, with numerous roads com- ing in my rear from Beaver Dam4 Louisa Court-House, Tolersville, and other points. Whether Colonel Sullivan was justifiable in withholding from me the support I asked for I am unable to say, as I do not know what his instructions were. I simply remark that another time I would not like to be caught with a reserve whose commanding officer refused to obey my orders. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. CUTLER, Colonel AS~iXth IV~seonsin Volunteers. Capt. J. P. WOOD, Assistant Adjutant- General, Gibbons Brigade. [Indorsement.] Respectfully forwarded. I cannot account for the refusal of Colonel Sullivan to respond to Colonel Cutlers requisitions for support. JOHN GIBBON, Brigadier-General, Commanding. No. 4. Report of Capt. J. Albert Monroe, Battery D, First Rhode Island Light Artillery. HDQRS. COMPANY D, FIRST RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY, Camp opposite Fredericksburg, Va., August 10, 1862. Sia: I have the honor to make the following report of the part my company took in the reconnaissance from this place of August 5, 6, and 7: The battery left camp at 2 oclock on the morning of the 5th, crossed the Rappahannock, and proceeded out upon the Telegraph road where it joined the brigade of General Gibbon, consisting of the Second and Seventh Wisconsin and Nineteenth Indiana Regiments of infantry, to- gether with the Third Indiana Cavalry. The cavalry had the advance, followed by the Second Wisconsin, which immediately preceded the battery. At the village of Thornburg, 14 miles from Fredericksburg an(l 16 from camp, we caine upon the enemy, who opened upon our ad- vance guard with artillery and small-arms. Hearing the rapid firing in front, I halted the battery a~ Immediately received an order to send forward one section, which order was executed by Lieutenant Hark- ness, whom I accompanied, in order to learn the uafure of the positio Page 126 126 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHA!. XXII. and whatever else might be necessary. After tearing down a fence the section was taken into a field at the right of the road and formed in battery at the top of a little hill (the left bank of the Mat River). After the section was in position the remainder of the battery was ordered forward. The enemys cavalry could be distinctly seen descend- ing a road in the woods abont 1,000 yards distant and to the left of our front, while to their left about 100 yards was a field piece just get- ting into battery, directly over which our first shell exploded, causing it to limber up and disappear without firing a shot. Our firing was then directed upon the cavalry in the woods. The first shell was a lit- tle short, but the second was most admirable, which, followed by a few others, cleared the wood. Quite a little force was then discovered in a small clump of trees about 300 yards distant and to the right of our front, but a few well-directed shells soon dispersed them. The expedi- tion rested at this point until the next morning. Leaving our bivouac at 5 a. in., we advanced about 8 miles, when, learning that a considerably superior force of the enemy had been sent by the Bowling Green road to attack us in the rear, the commanding general deemed it prudent to return. Just as we reached Thornburg, and the very ground of the skirmish of the day before, the enemy made an attack upon General Hatch, who was at Thornburg with his brigade, having been sent out to our support. As upon the day before, a section was first ordered forward (Lieutenant Fiskes) and then the remainder of the battery. The enemy, finding us in superior force, fell back most hurriedly, followed by our cavalry and the battery, except one gun, which was with the rear guard. We kept up the chase for two and a half jiours, the battery taking advantage of every avail- able position to harass the retreating force. We halted for the night on the Massaponax River. The next morning (August 7) we marched to Spotsylvania Court- House; thence back to camp on the morning of the 8th. The heat on the 5th and 6th was so intense that a large number of the infantry became wholly ineffectiveone regiment which left camp with upward of 700 men having but a few over 500 fit for duty on the night of the 5th, all overcome by the heatbut the men of the battery stood it finely, not a single man giving out. It is my pleasure to report that both officers and men behaved through- out most splendidly. Not a single gun was aimed by a commissioned officer or sergeant, all of whom attended to their appropriate duties in a manner most praiseworthy. The gunners manifested the greatest coolness and sighted their pieces with as much deliberation and as little discomposure as I have ever known them to exhibit at target practice, and the accuracy of their fire received the greatest praise from General Gibbon. The men also did not manifest ordinary excitement, though there was no great danger at any time; still the affair was sufficient to prove the men, who could not have behaved better nor with greater coolness. Very respectfully, J. ALBERT MONROE, Captain, Comdg. Company D, Ftr8t Rhode I8land Artillery. Lient. JEFFREY HAZARD, Adjutant First Rhode Island Arti9ry Page 127 CHAr. XXIV.] SKIRMISH AT PACK S FERRY, W. VA. 127 AUGUST 6, 1862.Skirmish at Packs Ferry, New River, W. Va. REPORTS. No. l.Brig. Gen. Jacob D. Cox, U. S. Army, commanding District of the Kanawlia. No. 2.Col. E. Parker Scammon, Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, commanding First Provisional Brigade. No. 3.Maj. Gen. William W. Loring, C. S. Army, commanding Departmenf of South- western Virginia. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. Jacob D. (Jo; U. ~9. Army, commanding District of the Kanau,ha. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF THE KANAWHA Flat Top Mountain, August 8, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the morning of the 6th in- stant a heavy detachment of the rebel force in front, consisting of three regiments of infantry, two squadrons of cavalry, and a battery of rifled cannon, made an attack upon the detachment of my command at Packs Ferry, near month of Blue Stone, or New River. My force there con- sists of four companies of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteers, under Major Comly, with two mountain howitzers. The remainder of the Twenty-third Regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Hayes, is encamped at Green Meadows, some 8 miles from the ferry, near the forks of the road leading from Blue Stone River to Raleigh Court-House and to this camp. The attack was evidently made for the purpose of destroying our ferry (constructed in form of flying bridge), by means of which we keep control of parts of Monroe County, and have the means of communicat- ing with the Third Brigade, stationed at Meadow Bluffs, in Greenbrier County. The effort of the enemy entirely failed, Major Comly preserving the ferry and holding his position without loss on our side. The attack was made from the opposite side of the river, the rebel force coming from The Narrows of New River. On receiving news of the attack and of the size of the enemys force, I dispatched Colonel Scammon, commanding First Brigade, with the Thirtieth Ohio Volunteers and a section of MeMullins battery, to the support of the detachment at the ferry, ordering the force at Green Meadows to co-operate also. Before the re-enforcement reached the river, however, the enemy had retired, moving off rapidly on the ap- pearance of a portion of our troops above them on this side the river. I send herewith a copy of Colonel Scammons report of his movement. On same day a party of rebel cavalry made their appearance at Wy- oming Court-House. A detachment of the Thirty-seventh Ohio Volun- teers, which is stationed at Raleigh Court-House, went in pursuit of them; but I have not yet received the report of the expedition. Another strong reconnoitering party is out, under Lieutenant-Colonel Hines, Twelfth Ohio Volunteers, with orders to penetrate as far as pos- sible by the ridge of Flat Top Range toward its junction with East River Mountain, in Tazewell County, to break up some stations of partisan troops of the rebels in that vicinity, and acquire such information as may be possible in regard to the present positions and forces o Page 128 I28 OPEBATI0N~ IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. LOHAP. XXIV. the enemy in that county. It will be gone probably two or three days yet. Very respectf~illy, your obedient servant, D. ~X Brigadier-General, Commanding. Col. GEORGE D. RUGGLES, Chief of Staff, Army of Virginia. 1~o.2. Report of Col. B. Parker Scammon, Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, com manding First Provisional Brigade. HEAnQtT:ERS FInST PROVISIONAL BRIGADE, August 7, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report my return to Camp Jones. I reached Packs Ferry, via Green Meadows, about dark yesterday. Before arriv ing at Jumping Branch I was met by courier with information that the enemy had fallen back. As the storm commenced about that time I ordered the Thirtieth to halt and seek shelter at Jumping Branch and to detain the artillery at that point on its arrivaL I went to the head- quarters of the Twenty-third Regiment, and after waiting there until the storm began to abate, rode on to the ferry, and remained there un- til 7 oclock this morning. I learn that the first notice that Major Comly had of the enemys ap- proach was from his own pickets. The enemy commenced firing at 5.45 oclock a. m. The news sent from the Blue Stone Ford came while he was actually engaged with the enemy. Acting under orders formerly given, in case the enemy should appear in sneli force as to compel him to fall back, he withdrew his main force from their exposed position, leaving skirmishers to cover the party ordered to remove the ferry-boat from its exposed position. The boat was removed under fire. Some 30 to 40 shots were fired from the two rifled 10-pounders with which the enemy opened fire from a point above the camp and on the east side of the river. The enemys infantry occupied the shore immediately op- posite the camp, but were soon driven off. As soon as possible three companies were ordered up the river to a point opposite the position of the enemys artillery, and immediately thereafter they began a hasty retreat. They moved off very rapidly. The enemy had 2 men shot, supposed killed, in view of the men engaged at the boat. On my arrival at the ferry I found everything quiet, a few shot-holes in the tents, and the condition of the large ferry-boat being the only visible signs of the contest. It is expected that the ferry will be in running order again by this evening, by to-morrow at farthest. Three regiments of infantry, a considerable force of cavalry, and three rifled cannon made up the force which attempted and failed to break up the camp at Packs Ferry. I have ordered one rifled cannon to remain for the present at Major Comlys camp; the other two pieces of artillery and the Thirtieth Reg- iment to return to Camp Jones. Very respectfully, your obedient servant. E. P. SCAMMON, Colonel, Commanding First Provisional Brigade. Capt. G. M. BAscoM, Assistant Adjutant-General Page 129 CHAP. XXIV.] SKIRMISH NEAR SLALJGHTER~ HOUSE, VA. 129 No. 3. Report of Maj. Gen. William W. Loring, C. S. Army, commanding De partment of Southwestern Virginia. IIDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA, Camp Narrows, Va., August 6, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the 5th instant Col. G. C. Wharton, with about 900 men and two guns, left Peterstown and pro- ceeded to Packs Ferry, which place they reached before sunrise on the morning of the 6th. The enemy, evidently ignorant of the approach of our forces, was encamped on the other side of New River, and we were enabled to plant the pieces and open upon them before he was ap- parently aware of our proximity. The fire was delivered with splendid effect, causing him to destroy his fiat-boats and throw his supplies into the river and vacate his camp. We killed and wounded about 20 of the enemy, 1 of our men being slightly wounded. News of the approach of the enemy from Aldersons Ferry, in the direction of Union, had rendered it necessary that Colonel Whartons command should be ordered away from its position. These orders were received by him just as he had succeeded so far in his expedition as above reported. 1 have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. W. LORING-, Hon. GEORGE XV. RANDOLPH, Major-General, Commanding. Secretary of War. AUGUST 7, 1862.Skirmish at Woiftown, Va. Report of Licut. Joseph H. Spencer. HEADQUARTERS, SIGNAL STATION, ThorougI~fare Mountain, August 7, 1862a. m. A skirmish is now going on about 4 miles south of the mountain. rhe enemy have artillery and are shelling our cavalry. Our side are ialling back. SPENCER. Major-General BANKS. AUGUST 8, 1862.Skirmish near Slaughters House, Va. Reports of Brig. Gen. George D. Bayard, U. S. Army, commanding Cav alry Brigade. HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY BRIGADE, Five miles from 6~ulpeper, Va., August 8, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that I will send you a report as to the questions asked me as soon as possible. I write this seated in a fence corner, and I have no means just now of answering. 9 R RVOL XII, PT I Page 130 130 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIT. My 1)ickets last night extended above Barnetts Ford, but were driven in. This morning, as I wrote you last night, I went out with the intention of extending them so that they should meet General Bufords pickets, with whom I had communicated that day. Colonel Karge before day started from camp with 160 men from the New Jersey Cav- alry. He passed Elm Farm, and taking a road leading to Madison, got round i5he enemy between there and Liberty Mills, and his advance guard, Captain Janeway, captured some 20 men, who had gone into a house to get breakfast. They were infantrymen, and reported that Ewell had crossed the preceding evening in force. Colonel Karge, therefore, fell back after a large camp in his front was reported. In the mean time I proceeded to the front with Major Beaumonts battalion, which passed Dr. Slaughters, and the vedettes went in sight of the enemy~s camp. Numerous tents were seen, men lounging about camp, a large train parked, and the whole covered by numerous pickets. I therefore ordered the forces to fall back to the road which Colonel Karge had taken, which I held under a heavy fire until all Colonel Karges forces had returned. Just before we reached Robertsons River they opened upon us with shell from two guns; I do not think there were more. I think I am now 5 miles from Culpeper. I burned some blankets in the Pennsylvania camp, which, I believe, are our only loss. I sent an orderly to Captain Boyd, commanding the pickets below Robertsons River to hold out as long as possible, like myself, and then fall back. He has not yet reported, but I sincerely trust he has fallen back on Colonel Duffi~. He has 60 men and they surely cannot be all captured. They must have escaped some way. The Jersey regiment left one portable forge, which Colonel Karge says the quartermaster shall pay for, as its loss was entirely useless. One corporal is, I fear, mortally wounded, and 1 private severely. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. D. BAYARD, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Colonel SCHEIVER, Chief of Staff. HDQRS. CAVALRY BRIGADE, THIRD ARMY CORPS, Camp five miles from Culpeper, Va., August 8, 1862. COLONEL: I fell back to this point to-day, holding a line of pickets and vedettes 1 mile to the front, when General Crawford came up and encamped 1 mile in advance of my utterly exhausted troops. Colonels Allen and iDuffid reported this evening, and the latter to- night is on picket; and by order of General Roberts I have to-night ordered an advance of two squadrons to find the enemy. My pickets were all driven in, off, or captured. - I still hope to hear of Captain Boyd and his 60 men and that they are not captured. To-morrow I shall re-establish my line of pickets if we are success- ful in driving off the enemy, and I will then send you the report you desire. The enemy are about 2 miles in advance of us. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. D. BAYARD, Brigadier- General; Commanding Gavairy. CoLonel ~CHRIYER, Chief of Stafr Page 131 CEir. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 131 AUGUST 9, 1862.Battle of Cedar Run, or Cedar (or Slaughter) Mountain, Va. REPORTS. ETC. No. 1.Maj. Gen. John Pope, U. S. Army, commanding the Army of Virginia, with congratulatory orders. No. 2.Retnrn of Casualties in the Union forces. No. 3.Col. Samuel H. Allen, First Maine Cavalry. No. 4.Maj. Richard I. Falls, First Pennsylvania Cavalry. No. 5.Brig. Gen. Robert H. Milroy, U. S. Army, commanding Independent Brigade, First Corps, of operations August 813. No. 6.Lieut. William W. Rowley, Twenty-eighth New York Infantry, Acting Signal Officer, Second Corps. No. 7.Brig. Gen. Aipheus S. Williams, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, Second Corps. No. 8.Brig. Gen. Samuel W. Crawford, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 9.Col. George L. Andrews, Second Massachusetts Infantry, Third Brigade. No. 10.Col. Silas Colgrove, Twenty-seventh Indiana Infantry. No. 11.Brig. Gen. Christopher C. Augur, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 12.Brig. Gen. John W. Geary, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 13.Capt. Joseph M. Knap, Battery E, Pennsylvania Light Artillery. No. 14.Col. John H. Patrick, Fifth Ohio Infantry. No. 15.Col. William R. Creighton, Seventh Ohio Infantry. No. 16.Capt. Wilbur F. Stevens, Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry. No. 17.Col. Charles Candy, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry. No. 18.Lient. Col. Hector Tyndale, Twenty.eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, of recon- naissance to Thoroughfare Mountain. No. 19.Brig. Gen. Henry Prince, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 20.Brig. Gen. James B. Ricketts, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, Third Corps. No. 21.Maj. Davis Tilison, Chief of Artillery, Second Division. No. 22.Brig. Gun. Abram Duryea, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 23.Brig. Gen. Zealous B. Tower, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 24.Brig. Gen. George L. Harteuff, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 25.Col. Samuel S. Carroll, Eighth Ohio Infantry, commanding Fourth Brigade. No. 26.General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Army of Northern Vir- ginia. No. 27.Surg. Lafayette Guild, C. S. Army, Medical Director, of the killed and wounded. No. 25.Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, C. S. Army, commanding the Valley District, with congratulations fr9m General Lee. No. 29.Col. S. Crutchfield, C. S. Army, Chief of Artillery. No. 30.Brig. Gen. William B. Taliaferro, C. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 31.Col. Charles A. Ronald, Fourth Virginia Infantry, commanding First Bri- gad.. No. 32.Lient. Col. Lawson Botts, Second Virginia Infantry. No. 33.Lient. Col. R. D. Gardner, Fourth Virginia Infantry. No. 34.Maj. H. J. Williams, Fifth Virginia Infantry. No. 35.Capt. Charles L. Haynes, Twenty-seventh Virginia Infantry. No. 36.Lient. Col. Edwin G. Lee, Thirty-third Virginia Infantry. No. 37.Lieut. Col. Thomas 8. Garnett, Forty-eighth Virginia Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 38.Capt. W. A. Witcher, Twenty-first Virginia Infantry~ No. 39.Capt. Abner Dobyns, Forty-second Virginia Infantry Page 132 132 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. No. 40.Capt. J. H. Horton, Forty.eighth Virginia Infantry. No. 41.Maj. John Seddon, First Virginia Battalion. ~o. 42.Col. Alexander G. Taliaferro, Twenty-third Virginia Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 43.Lieut. Col. James W. Jackson, Forty-seventh Alabama Infantry. No. 44.Lient. Col. Abner A. Hughes, Forty-eighth Alabama Infantry. No. 45.Maj. Joshua Stover, Tenth Virginia Infantry. No. 46.Lient. Col. Simon T. Walton, Twenty-third Virginia Infantry. No. 47.Maj. H. C. Wood, Thirty-seventh Virginia Infantry. No. 48.Lieut. J. C. Carpenter, Carpenters Virginia Battery. No. 49.Capt. William T. Poague, Rockbridge (Va.) Artillery. No. 50.Maj. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill, C. S. Army, commanding Light Division. No. 51.Brig. Gen. Charles W. Field, C. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 52.Brig. Gen. James J. Archer, C. S. Army, commanding Brigade. No. 53.Brig. Gen. Edward L. Thomas, C. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 54.Brig. Gen. James H. Lane, C. S. Army, commanding Fourth Brigade. No. 55.Brig. Gen. L. OB. Branch, C. S. Army, commanding Brigade, with extracts from his journal. No. 56.Col. Leroy A. Stafford, Ninth Louisiana Infantry, commanding Second Louisiana Brigade. No. 57.Brig. Gen. William D. Fender, C. S. Army, commanding Sixth Brigade. No. 58.Lient. Col. R. L. Walker, C. S. Army, commanding artillery battalion, Light Division. No. 59.Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, C. S. Army, commanding Third Division. No. 60.Brig. Gen. Jubal A. Early, C. S. Army, commanding Fourth Brigade. No. 61.Col. James A. Walker, Thirteenth Virginia Infantry. No. 62.Brig. Gen. Isaac R. Trimble, C. S. Army, commanding Seventh Brigade. No. 63.Col. Henry Forno, Fifth Louisiana Infantry, commanding Hays (or First Louisiana) brigade. No. 64.Maj. A. B. Courtney, C. S. Army, Chief oC Artillery, Third Division. No. 65.Capt. Louis E. DAquin, Louisiana Guard Artillery. No. 66.CoL William E. Jones, Seventh Virginia Cavalry. No. 1. Reports of Maj. Gen. John Pope, U. S. Army, commanding th~ Army of Virginia, with congratulatory orders.* HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Cedar Creek, August 10, 18625.45 a. in. The enemy crossed the iRapidan day before yesterday, and yesterday advanced in heavy force against Culpeper.~ Their advance under Ewell had a very severe engagement yesterday with Banks corps, in which the loss was heavy on both sides without decisive results. Both parties at dark occupied their original positions. The army under my command and the whole force of Jackson con- front each other, and the action has already begun. A very severe engagement will undoubtedly take place, the enemy being in very superior force and endeavoring to interpose between me and Fred- ericksburg. I will do the best I can, and if forced to retire will do so by way of IRappahannock Crossing. I hope, however, for better things. So far the troops have behaved well. JNO. POPE, Major-General. II. W. HALLECX, General-in-Chief. * See also general report, pp. 2527 Page 133 ChAP. XflL) OEDAI~ MOUNTAIN, VA. 133 CEDAR MOUNTAIN, August 11, 18627.50 a. iu. Matters remain as yesterday except that the enemy has retired about 2 miles from our front and now occupies strong position. The forces were maneuvering all day yesterday iu sight of each other, skirmish- ing nearly all day. Our pickets now occupy the camp of the enemy which he occupied on Saturday. I am waiting the arrival of King, who will be here to-day, when I will advance upon the enemy. The fight of Saturday was precipitated by Banks, who attacked instead of waiting, as I directed him, until the corps of Sigel was rested after its forced march. Both Banks and the enemy were severely pun- ished, though owing to the straggling of Banks command I cannot give you anything like a definite account of the loss. The enemy left many of his wounded on our hands and his dead unburied. I hope every moment to hear of Kings arrival in the neighborhood, when I will push matters to a conclusion. JNO. POPE, Major- (Ieueral. H. W. HALLECK, Genera~-in-Ohief. CEDAR MOUNTAIN, August 13, 18625 p. m. On Thursday morning the enemy crossed the Itapidan at Barnetts Ford in heavy force, and advanced strong on the road to Culpeper and Madison Court-House. I had established my whole force on the turn- pike between Culpeper and Sperryville, ready to concentrate at either place as soon as the enemys plans were developed. Early on Friday it became apparent that the move on Madison Conrt-House was merely a feint to detain the army corps of Sigel at Sperryville, and that the main attack of the enemy would be at Culpeper, to which place I had thrown forward part of Banks and McDowells corps. Brigadier-General Bayard, with part of the cavalry of McDowells corps, who was in advance near the Itapidan, fell slowly back, delaying and embarrassing the enemy~s advance as far as possible and capturing some of his men. The forces of Banks and Sigel and one of the divisions of McDowells corps were rapidly concentrated at Culpeper during Friday and Friday night, Banks corps being pressed forward 5 miles south of Culpeper, with Ricketts division of McDowells corps 3 miles in his rear. The corps of Sigel, which had marched all night, was halted in Cu]- peper to rest for a few hours. On Saturday the enemy advanced rapidly to Cedar Mountain, the sides of which they occupied in heavy force. General Banks was instructed to take up his position on the ground occupied by Crawfords brigade, of his command, which had been thrown out the day previous to observe, the enemys movements. He was directed not to advance beyond that point, and if attacked by the enemy to defend his position and send back timely notice. It was my desire to have time to give the corps of Sigel all the rest possible after their forced march and to bring forward all the forces at my disposal. The artillery of the enemy was opened early in the afternoon, but he made no advance until nearly 5 oclock, at which time a few skirmishers were thrown forward on each side under cover of the heavy woods in which his force was concealed. The enemy pushed forward in strong force i Page 134 134 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD6 tOHAP. XXIV. the rear of his skirmishers, and General Banks advanced to the attack. The engagement did not fairly open until after 6 oclock, but for one and a half hours was furious and unceasing. Throughout the cannon- ading, which at first was desultory and directed mainly against the cavalry, I had continued to receive reports from General Banks that no attack was apprehended, and that no considerable infantry force of the enemy had come forward; yet toward evening the increase in the artillery firing having satisfied me an engagement might be at hand, though the lateness of the hour rendered it unlikely, I ordered ~IcDowell to advance Ricketts division to support Banks, and di- rected Sigel to bring his men upon the ground as soon as possible. I arrived personally on the field at 7 p. m. and found action raging furiously. The infantry fire was incessant and severe. I found Banks holding the position he took up early in the morning. His losses were heavy. Ricketts division was immediately pushed forward and occupied the right of Banks, the brigades of Crawford and Gordon be- ing directed to change position from the right and mass themselves in the center. Before this change could be effected it was quite dark, though the artillery fire continued at short range without intermission. The artillery fire at night by the Second and Fifth Maine Batteries in Ricketts division of McDowells corps was most destructive, as was readily observable the next morning in the dead men and horses and broken gun carriages of the enemys batteries which had been advanced against it. Our troops rested on their arms during the night in line of battle, the heavy shelling being kept up on both sides until midnight. At daylight the next morning the enemy fell back 2 miles from our front and still higher up the mountain. Our pickets at once advanced and occupied the ground. The fatigue of the troops from long marches and excessive heat made it impossible for either side to resume the action on Sunday. The men were allowed to rest and recruit the whole day, our only active operations being of cavalry on the enemys flank and rear. Monday was spent in burying the dead and in getting off the wounded. The slaughter was severe on both sides, most of the fighting being hand-to-hand. The dead bodies of both armies were found mingled together in masses over the whole ground of the conflict. The burying of the dead was not completed until dark on Monday, the heat being so terrible that severe work was impossible. On Monday night the enemy fled from the field, leaving many of his dead unburied, and his wounded on the ground and along the road to Orange Court-House, as will be seen from General Bufords dispatch. A cavalry and artillery force under General Buford was immediately thrown forward in pur- suit, and followed the enemy tp the IRapidan, over which he passed with his rear guard, by 10 oclock in the morning. Parts of our infantry followed ; the remainder moved forward in the morning. The behavior of Banks corps during the action was very fine. No greater gallantry and daring could be exhibited by any troops. I can- not speak too highly of the intrepidity and coolness of General Banks himself during the whole of the engagement. He was in the front and exposed as much as any man in his command. His example was of the greatest benefit to his troops, and he merits and should receive the com- mendation of his Government. Generals Williams, Augur, Gordon, Crawford, Prince, Greene, and Geary behaved with conspicuous gal- lantry. Augur and Geary were severely wounded; and Prince, by losing his way in the dark while passing from one flank of his command to the other, fell into the enemys hands Page 135 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 135 I desire publicly to express my appreciation of the prompt and skill- ful manner in which Generals McDowell and Sigel brought forward their respective commands and established them on the field, and of their cheerful and hearty co-operation with me from beginning to end. Brigadier-General Roberts, chief of cavalry of this army, was with the advance of our forces on Friday and Saturday, and was conspicuous for his gallantry and for the valuable aid he rendered to Generals Banks and Crawford. Our loss was about 1,500 killed, wounded, and missing, of whom 290 were taken prisoners.* As must be expected from the char- acter of the engagement a very large proportion of these were killed. The enemys loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners we are now satisfied is much in excess of our own. A full list of casualties will be trans- mitted as soon as posishle, together with a detailed report, in which I shall endeavor to do justice to all. JNO. POPE, Major-General HALLECK, Major-General, Commanding. General-in-C/& ief GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, No. 21. 5 Near Cedar Mountain, Va., August 16, 1862. The following dispatch has been received from the General-in-Chief of the Army, and, with this order, will be published at the head of every regiment and detachment in this command: WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, August 14, 1862. Major-General POPE: Your telegram of last evening is most satisfactory, and I congratulate YOU and your army, and particularly General Banks and his corps, on your hard earned but bril- liant success against vastly superior numbers. Your troops have covered themselves with glory, and Cedar Mountain will be known in history as one of the great battle-fields of the war. H. W. HALLECK, General-In-Chief. The major-general commanding the Army of Virginia has little to add to this dispatch. It is a feeble expression of his feelings to say that he was delighted and astonished at the gallant and intrepid conduct of Ins command, and especially of the Second Corps. Success and glory are sure to accompany such conduct, and it is safe to predict that Cedar Mountain is only the first of a series of victories which shall make the Army of Virginia famous in the land, and draw very close Lto] the hearts of their country every officer and soldier who belongs to it. J~O. POPE, Major-General, Commanding. GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VUIGmrIA, No. 24. 5 Rappahannock Crossing, Va., August 21, 1862. The major-general commanding takes occasion to acknowledge the very valuable services rendered by the signal officers of this army, See revised statement, p. 139 Page 136 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. rOIJAP. XXIV, 136 and the parties under their charge, during the recent operations of this command against the enemy and the engagement with him at Cedar Mountain. Second Lient. Joseph II. Spencer, Second Minnesota Volunteers, who dnring this period was stationed on Thoroughfare Mountain, overlook- ing the camp of the enemy, was at one time driven with his party from that post by a regiment of rebel cavalry, but returned thereto at great personal risk and re-established his station within two hours thereafter. The information furnished by him from this station was of an important nature, and assisted materially in the prosecution of operations. First Lieutenant Brooks, Fourth Vermont Volunteers, and First Lieutenant Adams, Sixty-sixth New York Volunteers, during the entire action on Cedar Mountain were posted on the field of battle. First Lieut. E. C. Pierce, Third Maine Volunteers, stationed at Culpeper, and First Lieutenant Wilson, Fifth Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, by their energy and universal attention to duty during this time in furnishing and receiving signal messages, rendered valuable service to the major- general commanding the army. By command of Major-General Pope: GEG. D. RUGGLES, Colonel, Assistant Adjutant-General, and Ck4ef of iS/Utif. 1~To. 2. Return of Ca8Ualties in the Union forces, Maj. Gen. John Pope command ing, at the battle of Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9, 1862. [Compiled from nominal lists of casualties, returns, etc.] Gai~soorL 1st Ohio Cavalry, Companies A and C. SECOIJD ARMY CORPS~ MaJ. Gen. M. P. B~s. EacorL 1st Michigan Cavalry (detach- ment). 5th New York Cavalry (detach- ment). 1st West Virginia Cavalry (de- tachment). Total escort Finer DIvIsION. Brig. Gen- A. S. WILLIAMS. Staff Killed. Woimded. Captured or missing. a a . Remarks. S S ~ ,~ 153 ~ ~ 54 .45 54 45 .~ ~ 0 0 54 2 4...... 2 3 1. ...... 1 3 3 6 5 5 6 16 1. 1 = = Page 137 CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 13~ Return of Casualties in the Union forces, Moj. Gen. John. Pope cornmandsuji, at the battle of Cedar Mountain, J7a., August 9, 1862Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Commsad. 0 a ~ Remarks o ~ a ~ o ~ u Q ~ Li. G~ ~ o M 0 ~ 0 ~ First Brigade. Brig. Gen. S. W. Cn~wr0aD. 5th Connecticut 10th Maine 28th New York 46th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE H. GORDON. 2d Massachusetts - -. Zonaves dAfrique (Collie com- pany.) 27th Indiana 3d Wisconsin Total Third Brigade Total First Division SECoND DIvIsION. (1.) Brig. Gen. C. C. AUGUR (wounded). (2.) Brig. Gen. HENRY PmNcx (captured). (3.) Brig. Gen. GEO. S. GREENE. Staff First Brigade. (1.) Brig. Gen. JOHN W. GEARY (wounded). (2.) CoL CHARLES CANDY. Staff 5th Ohio 7th Ohio 29th Ohio 66th Ohio Total First Brigade. Second Brigade. (1.) Brig. Gen. HENRY PRIKCE. (2.) Col. DAvID P. Da Wnr. Staff 3d Maryland 102d New York. ... 109th Pennsylvania 111th Pennsylvania - -. 8th and l2thU. S. InfantryBat- talion. Total Second Brigade 3 2 1 3 18 22 20 28 8 5 6 8 63 140 73 94 2 1 10 7 143 3 103 104 237 173 213 244 9 88 27 370 20 353 867 5 35 6 87 3 37 173 2. 3 1 7 13 1 14 1 28 1 5 50 1 16 4 62 1 24 108 7 67 11 180 6 73 344 16 155 38 550 27 1,212 1 2 3 1 .... 1 14 11 93....... 4 122 3 28 7 142. 2 182 6 6 44..... 10 66 10 4 77 1 2 94 3 58 29 356 1 18 465 2 1 3 1 11 3 39 1 15 70 1 14 8 77 1 14 115 14 3 69 2 26 114 7 74 1 8 90 8 6 31 1 14 60 4 54 21 290 6 77 452 OnAr. XXIV. Page 138 138 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [Ca~p. XXIV. Return of Cannoities in the Union forces, Maj. Gen. John Pope commanding, at the battle of Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9, 1862Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or m~sIng. O.md. 7. 8 Iuna*s. ~ P ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ Third Brigade. Brig. 6011. GEORGE S. Gmuz. 1st District of Columbia 78th New York Total Third Brigade Total Second Division IrtiUersj. Maine Light Artillery, 4th Bat. ter~. Maine Light Artillery, 8th Bat. tory. 1st New York Light Artillery, Battery K. 1st New York Light Artillery, Battery L. 1st New York Light Artillery, Battery M. 2d New Ycrk Light Artillery, New ~ Artrnery, 10th Battery. Pennsyivanii~ Light Artillery, Battery E. 4th U. S. Artillery, Battery F.... Total artillery. Total Second Army Corps. TRIll) ARMY CORPS. MaJ. Gen. IRVIN McDowzLI~. Szconn DivIsIoN. Brig. Gen. ~.& ixs B. RcKErvs. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. Anaiue Dunyzi. 97th New York 104th New York lOIth New York 107th Pennsylvama Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. Z. B. TOWER. 26th New York. 94th New York - . 88th Pennsylvania . 90th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade 1 2. 1 1 21 4 22 1 2 1 22 26 = = = 7 112 .52 848 10 117 946 1 6 1 8 4 6 18 . 1 1 . . 1 1 6 8 1 4 5 7 2 25 6 40 = 23 279 92 1,228 87 557 2,216 1....... 1 1 7 3 1 4 1 11 1 13 = . 1 1] 1 No loss roported. No loss reported. No loss reported. No loss reported. No loss reported. No loss reported. No loss reported. No loss reported Page 139 CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 139 Return of Ca8ualties in the Union forces, Ma). G . John Pope commanding, at the battle of Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9, 1862Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. 0 0 0 4 M 0 M ~ Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE L. HARTSUFP. 12th Massachusetts 13th Miassachusetta 83d New York 11th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Col. S. S. CARROLL. Staff 7th Indiana 84th Pennsylvania 110th Pennsylvania 1st West Virginia Total Fourth Brigade Artillery. Maine Light Artillery, 2d Bat- tery (B). Maine Light Artillery, 5th Bat- teiy (E). 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery F. Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery C. Total artillery Total Second Division (JavaWy Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE D. BAYARD. 1st Maine 1st New Jersey 1st Pennsylvania 1st Rhode Island Total Cavalry Brigade Total Third Army Corps.. 1 1 6. 2 10 1 -1 2 8. 2 5 1 1 1 10 4 17 1 1 2 41 48 1 8 7 16 5 5 1 8 4 4 50 15 69 2 2 2 2 1 1 6 74 20 102 2 2 12 16 1 4 2 23 4 84 8 4 2 2 8 4 41 6 61 = 8 9 10 115 26 163 RECAPITULiTION. General Popes escort 2 2 Second Army Corps 23 279 92 1, 2~8 37 557 2,216 ThirdArmyCorpa 3 9 10 115 26 163 Grandtotal 26 288 102 1,843 87 585 2,881 CRAP. XXIV.I No loss reported. No loss reported. No loss reported. No loss reported Page 140 140 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [Ou~. xxiV~. Ko. 3. 1?~port of Cot. 8amuel if. Allen, First Maine Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS FIRST MAINE CAVALRY, Near Cedar Mountain, Va., August 12, 1862. GENERAL: In compliance with orders from headquarters I have the honor to report the following part taken by my regiment in the action of Saturday, the 9th instant: By your order the regiment was drawn up in line of battle at about 6 oclock a. in., in the field, upon the left of the main road7 just beyond a corn field, and facing very nearly the enemys center, distant from 1 to 1~ miles. About 11 oclock, being charged by yourself with protect- ing the left of our advanced line, I changed the position of my regiment some 300 yards to the extreme left, posting a strong force as pickets still a mile farther to the left, and extending quite to the foot of the mountain. In this position I remained until 4.30 oclock, when a rebel battery, posted upon the northern slope of the mountain, commenced shelling us, and I retired about 150 yards, and again formed my line of battle. About this time I discovered a force of rebel cavalry and infantry descending the mountain and moving along with the evident intention of turning our left. I placed a line of vedettes in that direction, and sent a force to scour the woods in the vicinity of the enemy and watch his movements. Again the batteries opened upon us from the mount. am side, and I changed my position a little to avoid their shells, re- maining there until about 9.30 oclock k and vedettes all along the left flank. eeping a strong force of pickets A force of rebel cavalry now came up, driving in our pickets, firing and charging upon a portion of Company F, Captain Boothby, wound- ing 2 men and killing 1 horse. I dispatched two squadrons to his assistance, and the enemy was driven back and held in check until a rebel battery, planted upon a slight knoll at the entrance to the wood, opened upon us at point-blank range, when ascertaining that our forces had all retired, and being entirely without support of artillery or in- fantry, and in easy range of the enemys muskets at the edge of the woods, I fell back to the cover of the woods a short distance in rear, and remained until the following morning, with pickets covering our entire flank. With much regard, I am, general, your obedient servant S. H. ALLE~T, Colonel, Commanding. No. 4. Report of Maj. Richard L Falls, First Pennsylvania Cavalry. HDQRS. FIRST BAT. FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BES. CAy., In the Field, August 13, 1862. SIR: According to your instructions I beg leave to offer the following report of a charge made by the First Battalion of your regiment, under my immediate command, at the battle of Cedar Mountain on the 9th instant: At about 5 oclock p. m. I was directed by Brigadier-General Bayar Page 141 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 141 to charge through the enemys lines at a point where they were snp- posed to be forming for a charge on our batteries, my command con- sisting of Companies A, B, C, and D, Companies A and B forming the first squadron, commanded by Capt. William Litzenberg, of Company B; Companies C and D composing the second sqnadron, commanded by Capt. John P. Taylor, of Company C; Company A, of the first squad- ron, being commanded for the time being by First Lient. William T. McEwen of Company C (Captain Frow being absent sick and First Lieut. XV. H. Patterson having been detached as aide to Brigadier- General Bayard during the early part of the engagement); Company B was commanded by Second Lient. R. S. Lawsha, Captain Litzenberg being in command of the squadron and First Lieutenant Busby absent sick- Company C, of the second sqna4ron, was commanded by Second Lent. B. J. McNitt, Captain Taylor being in command of the squadron and Lieutenant McEwen detached in command of Company A, of the first squadron; Company D was commanded by Capt. H. A. McDonald, First Lient. W. L. Holbrook, and Second Lieut. William F. Butcher until the former was severely wounded and the latter killed, when the command devolved entirely on Lieutenant Holbrook. After getting in front of the point designated, and being in column of fours, I immediately formed squadron, my command being already under fire. I moved forward at a rapid gait until within 50 yards of the enemys lines, which I found in great force and three in number, when I gave the command, ~~Charge,~~ when, with loud and terrific cheering, my command charged through the enemys lines, cutting and running down and scattering them in every direction, causing sad havoc and discomfiture in their ranks (as a view of the field and pris- oners taken testify). After charging back and reforming, I found my command reduced from 164, rank and file, to that of 71, the remainder having been killed, wounded, or otherwise placed hors du combat by their horses falling over other killed or wounded, our little band thus proving themselves true sons of the old Keystone State. When each and all, from the highest to the lowest, vie with each other in displaying unsurpassed gallantry, indomitable courage, and cool determination it would not only seem hard, but unjust, to discrim- inate by particularizing individuals; however, on the principle of re- warding merit wherever found, I cannot refrain from calling the colonel commandings favorable attention to Orderly Sergt. Hiram McClenahen, of Company C, and Private Henry Hendricks, of Company D, for their gallant and meritorious conduct throughout the engagement on the 9th instant, and especially in the charge made by the First Battalion, and I would respectfully but earnestly recommend their promotion at the first opportunity. I would here take occasion to tender my sincere thanks to Lieut. C. L. Buffington, my adjutant, for his valuable assistance throughout the day and praiseworthy example in the charge. My warmest thanks are also due to Captains Taylor and Litzenberg for the able and gallant manner in which they handled their commands, the former having had his horse shot under him in the charge; and as company commanders the highest praise and commendation are also due Capt. Hugh A. Mc- Donald, who was severely wounded, First Lieuts. William T. McEwen, W. L. Holbrook, and Second Lients. William F. Butcher, James B. Kelly, Robert J. McNitt, and B. S. Lawsha, for the brave and gallant manner in which they commanded and led their respective companies. As for myself I have nothing to say further than that the only casu- alty I met with was having my horse shot under me in the charge, an Page 142 142 OPERATIONS IN N, VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. if the officers and men of the battalion are half as well satisfied with the manner in which I performed my duty as I am with the manner in which they performed theirs we are all well pleased. All of which is respectfully submitted. li. I. FALLS, Major, Oomdg. First Bat. First Pennsylvania Reserve Cavalry. Col. Owr~ JONES, Commanding First Pennsylvania Reserve Cavalry. No. 5. Report of Brig. Gen. Robert H. Milroy, U. S. Army, commanding Inde pendent Brigade, First Corps, of operations August 813. - HEADQUARTERS INDEPENDENT BRIGADE, Near Fort Ethan Allen, Va., September 12, 1862. I have the honor to submit the following report of the movements of my command since the departure from Woodville, Va., on August 8, 1862: At 9 oclock p. m. my brigade, taking the advance of the corps, started in the direction of Culpeper, arriving at the place about 5 next morning. At 5 p. m. of same day received orders to march immedi- ately in direction of Cedar Mountain, from which direction heavy firing had been heard all the afternoon. I again took the advance. Having marched some 3 miles, and finding the road blocked up by ambulances and stragglers from the battle-field, I started ahead with my cavalry detachment (three companies of the First Virginia) leaving my infantry and artillery to make the best of their way toward the front. Arriving about 8 p. m. at the front, and finding everything iu confusion, I ordered my cavalry into line under the protection of the woods nearest the enemy, and advanced alone to reconnoiter. Fifteen minutes had scarcely elapsed when a battery of the enemy suddenly opened with great precision upon the lemnant of General Banks corps posted on my right. The enemys fire had been directed by several large fires burning brilliantly among Banks batteries. The result was a general stampede, artillery, cavalry, and infantry retreating in the greatest disorder. I endeavored to rally them, at first without success, but finally succeeded in arresting a battery or two and some cavalry, which I brought back to their old position on the road, at the same time throwing my cavalry across on the same side. Shortly after, one of Banks batteries, having retreated to a safe position, commenced, to the left of the road and behind us, responding to the enemys guns, the firing ceasing in about fifteen minutes. Meauwhile, fearing that my brigade, two regiments of which had been t~hrown across the road to stop the terrified mass in their head- long retreat, might be delayed too long, I dispatched one of my aides to hurry it forwardto push before them all of the retreating column possible. They immediately proceeded forward, and after much labor I succeeded in encamping them, near 2 a.. in., in the position first selectel in the evening. Having posted pickets at a suitable distance on our front I allowed the men to rest on their arms. Sunday, lOth.Still holding position in advance of the corps I threw forward a line of skirmishers, with a sufficient support, along my whole front. They found the enemys skirmishers, supported by their whol Page 143 CRAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 143 force, strongly posted in the woods about 2,000 yards in front of us. Here they skirmished until about noon, the enemy occasionally firing upon them by companies. Whenever this occurred I would send a few shells among them, causing their sudden withdrawal. During the afternoon my skirmishers drove the enemy from the woods, following them some three-fourths of a mile. About 4 p. m. sent out my cavalry to reconnoiter, and, if possible, to allow the ambulances to bring off some of our wounded. In this they were quite successful, bringing off about 100. The cavalry had in the meanwhile approached within 300 yards of the enemys lines without drawing their fire, and having ascertained their position withdrew to our lines. On the morning of the 11th, it being determined to take the dead and wonnded from off the field, I was ordered to ~dvauce my brigade and cover the ambulances and working parties. I accordingly sent forwarZl my three companies of cavalry, followed by my infantry. The cavalry, upon arriving at the outskirts of the wood halted, fin ding ahead of them a strong cavalry force under the direction of General Bayard. I then rode forward, followed by several ambulances, which I sent back loaded with wounded. About an hour had thus elapsed, when I was informed a flag of truce had been sent in by the enemy, and at the same time received a request from General Bayard to attend a confer- ence with the rebel general Stuart relative to a cessation of hostilities for the purpose of attending to the dead and wounded of both parties. An armistice until 2 oclock p. m. was finally agreed upon, but was afterward, by mutual consent, extended to the evening. A reconnaissance on the morning of the 12th found the enemy had withdrawn during the night in the direction of the Rapidan River. I followed as rapidly as possible as soon as this was ascertained, but only succeeded in discovering the rear guard of their cavalry in full flight. Having advanced some 6 miles, as far as Crooked Creek, and finding it impassable on account of previous heavy rains, encamped my brigade upon its banks and awaited orders. On the morning of the 13th, finding Crooked Creek and Robertsons River fordable for my cavalry and artillery, I crossed my infantry on slight bridges hastily constructed. When about 800 yards south of Robertsons River I was obliged to halt my brigade, with the exception of cavalry, on the banks of a narrow and deep creek emptying into Rob- ertsons River. The bottom of this creek, where it crossed the road, was composed of mud worn into deep holes, thus rendering it impassa- ble for my artillery. In the course of two hours I had thrown across it a bridge strong enough to sustain my heaviest guns. A party of my cavalry had in the mean time reconnoitered as far as Rapidan River, some 5 miles beyond us, reporting a small party of the enemy on the opposite shore. Having crossed the bridge I proceeded about a quarter of a mile to where I was ordered to halt for the day. About 4 p. in., when I was about to post my pickets for the night, I received orders to fall back on my original position left in the morn- ing. I accordingly withdrew my brigade, with the exception of my cavalry and a section of my battery, which I left in a favorable posi- tion.* * * * * * * * R. H. MILIIOY, Brig. 6Zen., Oomdg. Indt Brig., Fir8t Oorps, Army of Va~ Maj. T. A. MEYSENTIRUG, Assistant Adjutant. Qenerat. Portion hero omitted is-printed on pp. 315.~23 Page 144 144 OPERATIONS iN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CH~& P. XXIV. No. 6. Report of L-ieut. William W. Rowley, Twenty-eighth New York infantry, Acting Signal Officer, Second Corps. HDQRS. SIGNAL CAMP, SECOND Coups, ARMY OF VA., Ifairfax, August 16, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that on Friday, the 8th day of Au- gust, 1862, the Second Corps, Army of Virginia, was encamped at Hazel River, 7 miles from Fairfax [Culpeper Court-House], on the Sperryville road. At this time we held communication with Thoroughfare Mount- ain and Culpeper, General Pope being at the latter place. About 1 p. m. a message was sent to General Banks through our lines from General Pope for him to start immediately with his command for Cul- peper. A great many orders were transmitted through the line to and from General Pope to Generals Banks and Sigel, it being the only mode used to transmit orders. Lieutenants Pierce and Harvey were upon station at Culpeper, Lieutenant ilaisted upon Butler Mountain, Lieutenant Fralick upon station at Hazel River, and Lieutenant Spencer upon Thoroughfare Mountain. In compliance with orders, General Banks whole command, except Lieutenants ilaisted and Fralick, started for Culpeper, Lieutenants flalsted and Fralick remaining upon their respective stations. Our whole force encamped at Culpeper. On Saturday morning I was ordered by General Banks to accompany him, with all the signal officers not on duty, to the front, which was about 5 or 6 miles from Culpeper. Accordingly, in company with Lieutenants Harvey, Fortescue, and Miner, I went to the front with General Banks, Lieutenant Spencer being still upon Thoroughfare Mountain, Lieutenant Briggs being with General Buford, who had occupied Madison Court-House, keeping communication with Lieuten- ant Spencer. As we were leaving Culpeper for the front I received a message from Lieutenant Spencer that the mountain was surrounded by a regiment of the enemys cavalry, and that he would be obliged to abandon hi8 position. General Banks, by order of General Pope, immediately ordered the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania to proceed to the mountain, retake it, and protect the signal officer. Not knowing the safety of Lieutenant Spencer, I dispatched Lieutenant Harvey and men with the Twenty-eighth Regiment to occupy the mountain, and open communi- cation with us at Culpeper and also at the front near Cedar Run Mount- ain. This left me but two signal officers, Lieutenants Fortescue and Miner. Early in the morning I had sent Lieutenant Fortescue to the front with instructions to open communication with Lieutenant Spencer. He did not succeed, as Lieutenant Spencer had been compelled to abandon his position. Lieutenant Spencer succeeded in regaining his position upon the mountain top in advance of Lieutenant Harvey, but was soon joined by Lieutenant Harvey with the regiment of infantry, and have since held the position. General Banks arrived upon the ground occupied by onr advance about 11 a. m. There was no position upon which we could get so as to command the field of battle, and as our troops were massed, there was-nothing to he done in the way of signaling until Lieutenants Spen- cer and Harvey arrived upon the top of the mountain. Lieutenants Fortescue and Miner volunteered their services to General Banks as aides upon the battle-field Page 145 XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA~ 145 The enemy opened with artillery about 2 p. m. and continued until about 4 p. in., when the infantry was brought into action. We were kept bnsy carrying orders from the general from 2 p. ni. until 9 p. in., when the battle for the day was terminated. We were so much ex- hausted that no attempt was made to get Lieutenant Spencer that night, but early the next morning Lieutenant Miner succeeded in open- ing communication with him. Lieutenants Fralick and ilaisted were ordered in on Saturday, and joined me about midnight. General Buford was compelled to leave Madison, Lieutenant Briggs going with him. Lieutenant Briggs joined me on Monday all right. Lieutenant Pierce remained at Culpeper, by orders of General Banks, to receive communications via the mountain. Too much cannot be said of the conduct of officers and men of the signal corps. Those who were not in the battle were upon duty else- where by orders of General Banks. Lieutenants Spencer and Harvey were of very great benefit to General Pope. Their reports were cor- rect, simple, and lucid, giving exactly the position and strength of the enemy, by which General Pope acknowledged to me he was greatly in- debted. Lieutenants Fortescue and Miner acted with great coolness upon the battle field, carrying messages from the general commanding iii the thickest of the fight. My horse was killed by a shot while riding him. None of our fiagmen were in the battle. 1 cannot discriminate between the officers, as all were on duty and did their duty fully and satisfactorily. Lieutenant Spencer, by his care- ful observations and watchfulness from the mountain, which was very much exposed, 1)eing at times inside the enemys lines, and the exact- ness of his reports, is deserving of the highest commendation. I am, yours, respectfnlly, W. W. ROWLEY. Capt. SAMUEL T. CusHING, Assistant ASignal Officer. No. 7. Report of Brig. Gen. Aljpheus S. Williams, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, Second Corps. HDQRs. FIRsT Div., SECOND Coups, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Cedar Run, Va., August 16, 1862. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the ol)eratious of the division under my command in the action at this l)lace on the 9th instant: My division, since the transfer of Gearys brigade, is composed of the brigade commanded by Brigadier-General Crawford (Twenty-eighth New York, Colonel Donnelly; Forty-sixth Pennsylvania, Colonel Knipe; Tenth Maine, Colonel Beal, and Fifth Connecticut, Colonel Chapman), and of the Third Brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General Gordon (Third Wisconsin, Colonel Ruger; Second Massachusetts, Colonel An- drews, and Twenty-seventh indiana, Colonel Colgrove). The Twenty- ninth Pennsylvania, nominally attached to this brigade, has been on de- tached service some months. A battery of artillery is attached to each brigade, and on this occasion Crawfords brigade, which had been some 10 R RVOL XII, PT I Page 146 146 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIv. time in advance at Culpeper, had, in addition, four pieces (Parrott~s) of Knaps Pennsylvania battery. With Gordons brigade I reached Culpeper about midnight on the 8th instant, and on the following morning received orders to move to the front without trains, and unite my division in the position taken up by General Crawford the previous evening. I arrived on the ground about 12 in., at the moment that the enemy opened with his artillery, which was speedily silenced by the fire of Knaps battery. I dispatched a messenger at once to the major-general commanding the corps, with a brief account of the condition of affairs and of the nature of the posi- tion held. From this time to 3 oclock p. in. there was very little demonstration on the part of the enemy, except some cavalry move- ments toward his right and an occasional interchange of shots with the cavalry under Brigadier-General Bayard. In the mean time Gordons brigade had arrived with Cothrans New York battery, and taken a strong, elevated position on our extreme right, from which, through the open field, any movement of the enemy in that direction could be observed and checked. The major-general commanding the corps also came up and assumed command. The arrival of General Augurs~ division, taking up position on the left of the main road, relieved two regiments of Crawfords brigade, support- ing batteries, and they were transferred to the right. At this time (soon after the enemy had renewed his artillery firing) my division occupied nearly a continuous line along the battom-land of Cedar Run, from the road to the elevated ground spoken of as the position of Gordons brigade, a distance of from 800 to 1,000 yards. A densely wooded ridge in front masked the whole line from observation, and the entire division lay almost without loss during the heavy cannon- ade which preceded the infantry attack. Skirmishers from both bri- gades occupied the wood in front and on the right flank. About 5 oclock, by direction of the major-general commanding the corps, I ordered Crawfords brigade to occupy the woods in front, pre- paratory to a movement which it was thought might relieve the left wing, severely pressed by the enemy, especially by a heavy cross-fire of artillery, one battery of which would be exposed to our infantry fire from the new position. Five companies of Third Wisconsin, deployed as skirmishers, were by same orders attached to General Crawfords command for this advance. The remainder of Gordons brigade was held in the original position to observe the right flank, and especially some woods a half mile or so on the right (which it was thought was a cover for rebel cavalry), as well as to be in readiness to re-enforce Craw- fords brigade in case of necessity. Observing horsemen moving out and into these woods, I dispatched my personal escort (Company NI, First Michigan Cavalry, Captain IDennison) to report to General Gor- don, to be used in reconnoitering in that direction. Receiving urgent directions to hasten the movement of Crawfords brigade, I dispatched Captain Wilkins, assistant adjutant-general, with orders to General Crawford to begin his advance as soon as the brigade was in line. At this time this brigade occupied the interior line of the strip of woods in front of its original position. A field, varying from 250 to 500 yards in width, partly wheat stubble and partly scrub-oak underbrush, lay between it and the next strip of woods. In moving across this field the three right regiments and the six companies of the Third Wiscon- sin were received by a terrific fire of musketry both from the under- brush, Irom the wheat field, and from the woods. The Third Wisconsin especially fell under a partial flank fire from the underbrush and woods Page 147 CHAP. XXIV.] C1~DAI~ MOUNTAIN, VA. 147 which swept its right companies with great destruction, and under which Lieutenant-Colonel Crane fell, pierced with several fatal wounds, and the regiment was obliged to give way. The enemy was, however, driven out of the open field by the other regiments and some distance into the woods, where, being strongly re-enforced, their tire became overwhelming. No better proof of its terrific character can be given than the fact that of the three remaining regiments which continued the charge (Twenty-eighth New York, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania, and Fifth Connecticut) every field officer and every adjutant was killed or disabled. In the Twenty-eighth New York every com~a ny officer was killed or wounded; in the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania all but 5; in the Fifth Connecticnt all but 8. A combat more l)ersistent or heroic can scarcely be found in the history of the war; but men of eveii this un- equaled heroism could not withstand the overwhelming numbers of the enemy, especially when left without the encouragemen t and direc- tion of officers. While the regiments were thus engaged, the Tenth Maine, Colonel Beal, had advanced across the fields nearer the road, and engaged the enemy with great vigor. Though suffering less in loss of officers than regiments farther to the right, its list of killed and wounded abun - dantly testifies to the persistent gallantry with which it fought, as well as to the outnumbering forces of the enemy it had to encounter. Anticipating the necessity of using Gordons brigade in support of Crawfords, and yet reluctant to move it from its strong and most important position until the necessity was apparent, I had arranged with General Gordon a signal for his advance and with a staff officer of the major-general commanding to await orders before giving the signal. This signal was given as soon as orders were received, but observing some preparatory movement at the time, I dispatched two staff officers to hasten up the brigade. General Gordon put his brigade in move- ment at double-quick as soon as the order was communicated. I had myself moved toward his position, but on my way, finding Colonel Ruger, Third Wisconsin, rallying his broken regiment, I joined him in the effort, and had soon the satisfaction of seeing his command united to Gordons brigade, and the whole moving promptly and gallantly to the support of their overpowered companions of the First Brigade. As Gordons brigade reached the interior edge of the first wood it was received by a tremendous fire of the enemy from the opposite woods and from the undergrowth to the right and front. It was evi- dent that the enemy had been strongly re-enforced, and greatly outnum- bered us. The brigade, however, firmly maintained its position and checked the farther advance of the enemy, with a terrible loss, how- ever, in officers and men, especially in the Second Massachusetts, Colonel Andrews, which fell under the heaviest fire of the enemy, and main- tained its position with marked coolness and courage. Satisfied that it would be impossible to hold, especially after dark, our advanced position, which was exposed to be outflanked by the greatly superior numbers of the enemy, I went in person to the major- general command- ing the corps with explanations, and, receiving his instructions, I or- dered the brigades to withdraw. It was already dusk. General Gordon brought off the remnant of his brigade, and took up his original position, which he held until relieved by General Ricketts division. General Crawfords brigade, having lost in three regiments every company offic~r, necessarily with- drew in broken ranks, bringing with them, however, the colors of every regiment, around some of whidi brave men, without officers, rallied and Page 148 148 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. LCHAP. XXIV. fought with a heroism hardly found in the records of war. The com- mander of the brigade was amongst the last of his command to leave the field. He subsequently collected the thinned regiments of the brigade in rear of its original position, and afterward by superior order took post for the night in rear of the re-enforcing column. I inclose herewith a list of casualties in the division,* and a tabular statement of the number taken into actiou,t showing a loss of 78 officers and 1,144 enlisted men, nearly one-third of the number engaged. This record is the strongest commendation that can be presented of the gal- lantry and good conduct .of both officers and men. Among those re- ported missing some wounded probably have fallen into the hands of the enemy. Most of them, I regret to be compelled to believe, must be numbered with the killed. Upon reoccupying the field of battle it was found necessary from the intense heat to hurry the burjals, and most of the dead were interred by details of men ~ho did not know or could not recognize them. I refer to the reports of commanders of brigades and regiments and to that of Captain Best,t U. S. Army, chief of artillery, for further de- tails of the action, as well as for such commendation of officers and men as especial instances of good conduct merited. The prompt, ready, and zealous co-operation of Generals Crawford and Gordon, commanding brigades, demand especial commendation. I beg leave also to bring to the notice of the major-general com- manding the corps the efficient and valuable aid of my personal staff Capt. William D. Wilkins, assistant adjutant-general, who, I regretto add, was taken prisoner near the close of the action; of Capt. E. C. Beman, commissary of subsistence; of First Lieut. Samuel E. Pittman, aide-de-camp; of Capt. B. W. Morgan, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, division provost-marshal and volunteer aideall of whom were untiring in their efforts to forward promptly my orders. I desire also especially to bring to your notice the very valuable services of Surg. A. Chapel, division medical director. At the commencement of the action he selected and prepared as far as possible a general depot for the wounded at a house near General Gordons position. At this depot were collected sex eral hundred of our wounded, who received (luring the night the able professional services of Surgeon Chapel and his assistants and early the following morning were carefully sent back to the hospitals in Culpeper. The l)rompt and judicious conduct of Surgeomi Chapel has been the subject of praise by officers and men. Nor can I close my report without a reference to the sad record of the killed and wounded of the field officers engaged. In the Twenty- eighth New York Volunteers, Crawfords brigade, Colonel I)onnelly is mortally wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel Brown severely wounded Ma~jor, Cook severely and a prisoner. In the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Colonel Knipe severely wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel Selfridge twice slightly, though not reported, Major Mathews severely. In the Fifth Connecti- cut Colonel Chapman wounded and a prisoner, Lieutenant-Colonel Stone dangerously and a prisoner, Major Blake wounded and a prisoner. In Gordons brigade Lieutenant-Colonel Crane, Third Wisconsin, killed, and Major Savage, Second Massachusetts, wounded and a prisoner. More faithful and valuable officers no service can boast of. The loss, temporarily it is to be hoped in the cases of wounded and prisoners, will be severely felt in the divisions. Of the subordinate officers who have fallen or suffered from wounds a record will be found in the re * Embodied in revised statement, p. 137. t Not found Page 149 CHAP. XXIV.) CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 149 ports herewith forwarded. Many of the wounded are disabled for life. It is to be hoped that a grateftil country will not forget their services nor their sufferings. In conclusion, I congratulate the major-general commanding the Sec- end Corps on the substantial success which followed the efforts of his gallant command to arrest and hold in check the confident advance of a greatly sul)erior force of the enemy. I have the honor to be, with great respect, major, your obedient servant, A. S. WILLIAMS, Brigadier- (iekteral, Commanding First Division. P. S.The good conduct of my mounted orderlies, who in the neces- sary absence of my staff were used in transmitting my orders, deserve notice. I would especially report as faithful and efficient men Private S. S. Beach, Second Massachusetts Volunteers, clerk in A djutant-Gen- erals Office; Corpl. Charles C. Wilcox, Privates Becraft, Chatterson, Connelly, Petticrew, Dwight, Smith, John Robinson, and Watson, of Company M, First Michigan Cavalry. A. S. WILLIAMS, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. D. D. PERKINS, A. A. A. G., and 6vhi~f of Staff, 2d Corps, Army of Va. No. 8. report of Brig. Gen. Samuel W. Crawford, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. IIDQnS. FIRST BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, SECOND CoRPS, Army of Virginia, August 14, 1862. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the oJ)eration of the force under my command in the recent engagement with the rebel forces near Cedar Mountain, Va.: At noon on Friday~ the 8th instant, while encamped with my com- mand at Culpeper Court-House, I received an order from the major- general commanding the Army of Virginia to proceed immediately to the support of Brigadier-General Bayard, whose small force was retir- ing before the enemy. My command consisted of four regiments of infantry (the Twenty-eighth New York, Colonel Donnelly; the Forty- sixth Pennsylvania, Colonel Knipe; the Tenth Maine, Colonel Beal, arid the Fifth Connecticut, Colonel Chapman), together with Roemers battery of six 3-inch rifled guns, and two sections of Knaps battery of 10-pounder Parrotts. My brigade was soon under arms and on the march, and passing through Culpeper took the road leading toward Orange Court-House. By 4 oclock in the afternoon I came np with General Bayards force between Colvins Tavern and a small stream, known as Cedar Run, and which crosses the road in advance of a belt of woods running east and west. Passing to the front I discovered the enemys pickets, and beyond, on the road to Crooked IRivee, a portion of his cavalry. Selecting, with the assistance of Major Houston, lJ. S. Engineers, of General McDowells staff, a suitable position, I brought up my artil- lery, drawing np the infantry regiments in close supporting dista~ic Page 150 150 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAr. XXIV. on the low ground of the run, completely concealed from the view of the enemy. Knaps battery, with two pieces from Iloemer, was sup- ported on the left by the Tenth Maine and the Fifth Connecticut iRegi- ments~ while the Twenty-eighth New York and Forty-sixth Pennsyl- vania supported iRoemers remaining guns on the right. The cavalry were ordered to the front and flank to watch the enemy. Strong pickets were thrown out within a short distance of those of the enemy, and the command bivouacked for the night. Early next morning General Bayard reported to me that the enemy were advancing. The command were immediately under arms. It proved, however, to be a maneuver npon the part of the enemy toward our left flank. his cavalry were moving in the direction of a range of elevated hills on our left, known as Cedar Mountain. The move- ment was intended to conceal the passage of three pieces of artillery, which he succeeded in placing in position at the foot of the slope. Our cavalry were drawn up in our front across our position. At 11 oclock the enemy, being established upon the slope of Cedar Mountain at the skirt of the timber near the base on our left, opened fire upon our cavalry. Several shots were fired, when another battery opened a short distance in the rear. I directed Captain Knap to reply, which he did so effectually, that at the third shell from his guns the enemys battery ceased to fire and shortly afterward withdrew. An order now reached me from the major-general commanding the Army of Virginia directing me to resist the advance of the enemy, and that General Banks was advancing to my support. Lieutenant Muhlenberg, of Fourth U. S. Artillery, with Battery F of that regi- ment, now arrived upon the field, and was assigned position upon the right and left. The artillery fire was kept up occasionally at long range for some time, when at 12 oclock Brigadier-General Williams arrived on the field with Gordons brigade, of his division. Between 1 and~2 oclock Major-General Banks arrived upon the field with the divi.sion of Augur and assumed command. I reported to General Williams my position, and soon after received an order to move my entire brigade upon the right of the road, that I)osition having been assigned to Williams division. The brigade of Brigadier-General Gordon was directed to occupy my right. Upon receiving the order I directed the Tenth Maine and Fifth Connecticut Regiments, who were supporting Knaps battery, to move by the flank across the road to the right of the other regiments of the brigade, sup- porting Muhlenbergs and IRoemers batteries. The movement had not been accomplished when an order was received to deploy one of my regiments on the right as skirmishers into a thick woods directly in advance of our right wing. The Tenth Maine Regiment was halted to support the center. Roemers battery was advanced to a position on the left of the road. The Fifth Connecticut ]Itegiment had passed to the right, and with the Twenty-eighth New York and Forty-sixth Pennsylvania had advanced into the woods. The enemy at this moment opened with all his batteries, one of which he had established in an open field on our left. We had thrown forward onr center, and had advanced a regiment of infantry, which, deployed as skirmn ishers, were lying upon the ground and supporting the battery in the field on the right of his position. Just at this period I received an order from the major-general commanding the corps to advance my brigade through the woods and prepare to move upon the left-flank of the enemy, and that the movement would be supported by the brigade under Brigadier-General Gordoti Page 151 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAI~ MOUNTAIN, VA. 151 In pas8ing to the right I received from Brigadier-General Williams, commanding the division, additional instructions in regard to this movement, and passing forward I formed my regiments into line of battle directly opposite to the enemys left. A thick belt of woods skirted an open wheat stubble field on three sides; a road running across formed the fourth. To the right a thick undergrowth of scrub oaks and bushes covered the space. In front of the line the field sloped downward toward the woods directly opposite, the point of which terminated at the road. Beyond this point and concealed by it the enemy had established a battery which stood in echelon near the road. After examining the position and finding that a space of nearly 300 yards had to be passed over by my infantry before we could reach the opposite woods I sent a staff officer to the general commanding, requesting that a section of the battery of iNapoleons under Muhlenberg might be sent to me to clear the woods in front and on my flank. Before the officer could return Captain Wilkins, assistant adjutant-general of the general com- manding the division, came up and urged the movement at once as the decisive one of the day. Au order was given by him also to Colonel iRuger, commanding the Third Wisconsin Regiment, to join his com- mand to mine and move with it upon the enemy. My regiments were immediately formed, the Forty-sixth Pennsyl- vania on the right, the Twenty-eighth New York and Fifth Connecticut in line to the left. The Tenth Maine was advanced through the wOo(15 on my extreme left, under the immediate direction of a staff officer of the major-general commanding the corps, and was some distance from the other regiments. I then gave the order to advance to the edge of the woods, to fix bayonets, and to charge upon the enemys position. Steadily in line my command advanced, crossed the fence which skirted the woods, and with one loud cheer charged across the open space in the face of a fatal and murderous fire from the masses of the enemys infantry, who lay concealed in the bushes and woods on our front and flank. Onward these regiments charged, driving the enemys infantry back and through the woods beyond. The Twenty-eighth New York, Fifth Connecticut, and part of the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania entered the woods and engaged in a hand-to-hand fight with vastly superior num- bers of the enemy, reaching the battery at the heart of his position; but the reserves of the enemy were at once brought up and thrown upon their broken ranks. Their field officers had all.been killed, wounded, or taken prisoners, the support I looked for did not arrive, and my gal- lant men, broken, decimated by that fearful fire, that unequal contest, fell back again across the space, leaving most of their number upon the field. The slaughter was fearful. The field officers of the regiments which had driven the enemy back were killed, wonuded, or prisoners. Most o) the company officers had fallen by the side of their men, and the color gnards had been shot down in detail as they attempted to sustain a ad carry forward the colors of their regiment. The Wisconsin regi- ment which advanced on my right, unable to sustain the terrible fire fi om the bushes and woods, retired to the woods in rear, where it was rtformed some distance beyond aud brought again into action. The %nth Maine Regiment of my brigade, acting under direct orders from the commanding general, through one of his staff, advanced to the middle of the open space, and sustained a most severe and galling fire fi om the concealed enemy beyond. In the Twenty-eighth New York its colonel (DonneTily) had fallen mo Page 152 152 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXLV. tally wounded, and was borne from the field. Lcuttnint-Colonel Brown had his arm shattered. Major Cook, after beino wounded, was made 1)Lisoner by the enemy. Out of the 14 Coin P~flN ofh( ers in action there is notone remaining able to do duty. All aie eithci wounded or pris- oners. Of the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania it~ ( oloncl (Knipe) was t.~ice wonuded, and carried from the fi~id, Lieutcnant Colonel Seifridge had his horse shot under him, and Major Mathews PAL d ingerously wounded. Of its 20 company officers who went into action 11 ~xcre killed, wounded, or miSSing, and 226 of its rank and file. Of the Fifth Connecticut Colonel Chapman, Lieutenant-Colonel Stone, and Major Blake are gone. The first is reported a prisoner in the hands of the euemy. The latter two were seen to fall, and have not since been heard from. Out of 18 company officers who went into action 10 are killed, wounded, or miss- ing, amid 224 of the rank and file. Out of 88 officers and 1,679 men taken by inc into action 56 officers and Sit men are killed, wounded, and prisoners. The batteries attached to my brigade did most excellent service. linap, Roemer, and Mnhlenberg directed their operations in person, and their fire was most effective. A special report of the opera- tions of their batteries was made to the chief of artillery. In Muhlen- bergs regular battery (Bests), of the Fourth Artillery, I non-coummis- sioned officer was killed an(1 2 non -commissioned officers and 2 privates wounded. It is cnstomary at the close of a report like this to mention those whose conduct has merited commendation, but I poiiit the geiieral commanding to the vacamit places of my officers and the skeleton regi- ments of my brigade to speak more earnestly than I can (10 of the part they played imi that days contest. Colonel Donnelly, of the Twenty- eighth New York Colonel Knipe, of the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania, and Colonel Chapman, of the Fifth Connecticut, sustained by the field officers of their regiments, led them into the action. These regiments alone and unsupported reached the opposite woods, and fought hand to hand with time enemy. Lieutenant Sprout, adjutant of the Twenty- eighth New York, was killed at the Si(he of the enemys battery, and the gallant conduct of the men. was sufficiently attested by one of the generals of the enemy hiumelf, as we stood together upon the battle- field twenty-four honrs alter the adieu amid die mingled bodies of the dead of both sides. The con(luct of the color guards of these regiments is beyommd all praise. The colors of the Fifth Regimemit, from Connecti- cut, were three times shot down, and as often raised again and borne on into th~ fight. Of the Maine megiinent but 1, the color-sergeant, who bore the colors from the field remains. I remaiue(l lll)OIi the battle-field until (lark, directimig the removal of the wounded, when I returned aIl(l iel)orte(l to the general command- imig, who directed mue to move with the remnant of my command to the rear of the woods on C (lar Run, at the center of our position. Moving up to it with my staft; I found it occul)ied by time enemys cavalry, who opened fire and charged upon us, killing 2 of my escort. I then re- formed my regiments in the neighborhood of Colvins Tavern, north of the battle-field. Of the officers of my i)ersonal staff who accoml)anied mile omi the battle- field I would mentiomi Capt. F. L)e Hauteville, assistant adjutant-gemieral, who from the first rendered me especial and important service, attended with great personal exposure. Captain Cogswell, Fifth Con miecticu t, ai id Captai D mi ggamm, First Michigaii Cavalry, a~ted as my aides (lnrillg the entire day, and remi- ~Jered me great assistance. First Lient. A. M. Crawfomkh, aide-dc-camp Page 153 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 153 was left by my order in charge of the camp of the brigade, and in for- warding supplies to the command, which had been without rations thirty honrs, and in the organizing and sending to their regiments de- tachments who came in from the field, rendered important service to the brigade. Brigade Surgeon ilelmer also remained with me npon the field nntil a call was made for his professional services, since which time he has been nnremitting in his attention to the wonnded. The complete list of killed, wonnded, and missing is respectfnlly sub- mitted. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. W. CRAWFORD, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. ft D. PERKINS, A. A. A. G., Second Corps, Army of Virginia. Return of Casualties in the First Brigade, First Division, Second Corps, at the battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. Present in en- Killed. Wounded. Missing. gagement. ~I j~ Command. Q I ~ I ~ i~ ~ ItliConnectiont 3 18 8 b3 2 143 21 24 l0thMaine 22 5 140 1 3 26 435 28thNewYork 1 20 6 73 10 103 18 330 46th Pennsylvania 2 28 8 94 8 104 23 481 Total 27 370~ 21 331 88 1679 The greater proportion of those reported missing are supposed to be killed. The bodies found on the field were so much disfigared that recognition was impossible. This report embodies positive information only. S. W. CRAWFORD, Brigadier- General, 9ommanding First Brigade. F. DE HAUTEVILLE, Captain, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 9. Report of Cot. George L. Andrews, Second Massachusetts infantry, Third Brigade. IIDQRS. SECOND REGT. MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, Camp near Slaughter Mountain, August 11, 1862. In compliance with orders from brigade headquarters I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the Second Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, August 9 Page 154 154 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. The regiment, with the rest of the brigade, marched from camp near Culpeper Court-House on the morning of the 9th instant. After a fatiguing march in the intense heat, from the effects of which one pri- vate died on the march, the regiment reached a wood near Slaughter Mountain and some 1,600 yards from the enemys position, where it was formed in line. Arms were stacked and the men allowed to take the rest of which they were much in need. At about 5.30 oclock, some time after the action commenced, I was ordered to report with the regiment to General Banks, near the center of our line. This order was, however, changed, and I was directed to take the regiment to the right to support the troops there cilgaged. I led the regiment through the wood. Company A, Captain Abbott, de- ployed as skirmishers, covering the advance. On emerging from the wood I found the enemy concealed in the woods and fields opposite and ponring in a heavy fire of mnsketry. The regiment was formed in line at the edge of the wood, but was soon moved farther to the right. The fire of the regiment was mostly reserved until the advancing of the line of the enemy afforded a fair mark, when I ordered the fire by file, which was opened and continued with perfect coolness and great effect. The conduct of both officers and men was, without any exception that came under my notice or that I have been able to learn, in the highest degree creditable. Both officers and men appeared cool and determined, waited for orders, and then delivered their fire coolly and with careful aim. The line of the enemy opposite appeared much shat- tered. The enemy having gain& t our right, their fire became so de- structive that the right was obliged to fall back, my right company losing its captain and more than half of its men. The enemy still ad- vancing, their fire becoming more and more destructive, and finding my men falling rapidly to no purpose, one flank having been turned, a retreat was ordered, and in compliance therewith the regiment fell back to nearly its original position, thence, by order of the general command- ing the brigade, I marched the regiment to a position near the center of our line, where we passed the night. Seven of the enemys cavalry have been captured by the sentinels from this regiment, they having advanced under the impression that the sentinels belonged to their own army. I have to lament the loss of Captains Abbott, Cary, Goodwin, and Williams, and Second Lieutenant Perkins, all of whom fell on the field, having done all that officers could do to encourage and direct their men, and displaying perfect coolness aimd courage. Saddening as is the loss of these brave, gallant officers, all of whom were men of education, ability, and high social position, who had devoted themselves to the service of their country in her hour of need and proved themselves able and faithful in the discharge of duty, there remains the consolation that they died gloriously in the defense of as righteous a cause as man could fight for. I have also to report Major Savage wounded twke and a prisoner; Captains Quincy and Russell prisoners; Surgeon Leland wounded slightly, while attending wounded men on the field; First Lieutenant IRobeson and Second Lieutenants G-rafton, Gakey, and Browning, wounded, the latter severely, and Second Lieutenant Miller missing. Second Lieutenant Heimack, of the Zonaves dAfrique, is also missing. The loss of the regiment, so far as at present known, amounts to 5 eommjssion~d o~cers killed, 6 wounded, anl 3 missing out of 2~ i Page 155 (JIJAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 155 action; 25 non-commissioned officers and privates killed, 95 wounded, and 37 missing out of 474 in action. The company of Zonaves dAfrique attached to this regiment hon- orably and creditably discharged their duty on the field. They lost 1 commissioned officer missing, 4 non-commissioned officers and privates killed, and 7 missing. The list of killed and wonmided will, I fear, be considerably increased as the reports from the companies are corrected. Several of the non-commissioned officers and privates were conspic- uous for coolness and good conduct in action. Their names will be published as soon as a perfect list can be made. Respectfully, yonr obedient servant, GEORGE L. ANDREWS, Colonel Second Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers. Brig. Gen. GEORG-E II. GORDON, Commanding Third Brigade. No. 10. Report of Cot. Silas Coigrove, Twenty-seventh Indiana Infantry. IIDQRS. TWENTY-SEVENTH REGT. INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, August 12, 1862. Sm: I have the honor of submitting the following report of the part taken in the battle of the 9th instant by the Twenty-seventh Regiment Indiana Volunteers: My regiment occupied the extreme right of our brigade in the position first occupied. I was ordered by you to throw two companies forward and occupy an advanced position. I immediately sent Companies F and C about three-quarters of a mile to our right and front, occupying a high ridge of ground covered with timber, and deployed a part of each company forward about one-quarter of a mile as skirmishers, hold- ing about half of each company on the highest part of the ridges as reserves. From this Iosition the surrounding country for some dis- tance was in plain view, and from the disposition made of the two com- panies our right was amply secured from surprise by any flank move- meat of the enemy on our right. Shortly after this disposition had beemi made of my two companies the artillery on our front and left corn- mnenced firing, which continued until about 6 p. m. At or about this time I received orders from you through your assist- ant adjutant-general, Captain Scott, for me to form my regiment and march to the front, which order I complied with as promptly as possible. F marched to the front and near the Sixteenth Indiana Battery and was Fhemm halted by your command, as I suppose, for some minutes and until F received orders to march to the front and on the right of the Second ~iassachusetts Regiment. I imumediately marched to the front and right to gaimi my position in compliance with the above order. As soon as I had gained the desired position I halted the regiment and formed line of battle in an open field about 300 yards in front of the foot of the ridge in our front, which was covered with a thick undergrowth and heavy timber. About the time I commenced forming my regiment into line the Third Wisconsin Regiment, or six companies of it, that had been brought into the action some time previou~, fell back out o Page 156 156 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XX1V. the woods and came down the hill apparently badly cut to pieces, a part of whom rushed through my ranks and delayed me some in form~ ing my line of battle. As soou as my line was formed I marched to the front in order to bring my regiment into action. To gain the position of the enemy I had to cross an open space of ground of about three yards, through which meandered a small stream, with very deep and steep banks. In cross- ing this my ranks became considerably broken. I halted the regiment a moment in order to adjust my ranks. At this time you rode up on my right and ordered me forward at double-quick. The regiment moved forward at double-quick time. I think we had at this time about a quar- ter of a mile to go until we reached the enemy. The shape of the hill and woods was such that it brought my left wing to the foot of the hill aiid into the woods at least 100 yards before the right wing reached the woods. The hill on my left was also steep and abrupt. From these causes the left wing of my regiment was not able to come into action as promptly as the right. The whole regiment having had to pass through the woods and up hill at double-quick, the result was that no part of the line at any time during the action was as Perfect as it should have been. When we had traversed the hill and crossed the woods on its summit we suddenly came to a wheat field. We had scarcely reached the inclosure before the enemy opened a very heavy fire upon us, which was promptly returned by my right wing, the left not having arrived yet upon the line of battle The enemy appeared to be posted in great numbers in the woo(ls in our front across the field and within rifle- range. They also had skirmishers thrown forward and screened be- hind the stacks of wheat in the field on my right and nearly at a right angle with my line. The enemy had a regiment drawn up in line of battle the line extending nearly acro~s the field and facing toward my left. This regiment also opened a cross-fire upon me. Shortly after the left wing came up and engaged the enemy it was reported to me that we were firing upon our own troops. I saw you at the right of my regiment and rode forward and informed you of my information. You replied that you would ride -forward and see. By this time a large portion of my regiment, in consequence of said report, had almost ceased firing. I saw you on the right of my regi- ment ride forward to the fence and immediately a very heavy fire was opened upon that part of the line by the enemy upon you. I cannot conceive how you possibly escaped it without injury. From this mo- ment the firing of the enemy became heavier along the whole line, I suppose induced by the temporary slacking of the firing in my lines. The firing of the enemy seemed to me to increase. I soon saw symp- toms of disorder in my ranks, and in spite of all I could do the regi- ment fell back, and was not rallied until it reached the open ground on the other side of the woods, a distance of 150 to 200 yards. In rallying and reforming time regiment at this point, and indeed during the whole action, I was aided by yourself and your staff, and particu- larly Captain Scott, your assistant adjutant-general, whose energy and bravery it is impossible to commend too highly. My regiment being reformed, we advanced across the hill the second time, and when again near the line of the first battle I halted my men in order to correct and close up my lines and rest them a moment, after which we marched to the front and opened fire upon the enemy. We had fired but one or two rounds ~vhen I was informed that the enemy had gained our rear on the right flank. I immediately rode to the right of my line, and by the time I got there I found a regimen Page 157 cHAP. XXIV.I CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 157. of the enemy marching in column by companies a little in front of my line and within 20 steps of my right. I immediately gave the order to my right to change front by the right flank and by file right, which order was obeyed by Company A only. The enemy opened a very heavy fire upon us. My regiment was soon compelled to fall back a second time, and was not rallied until we had retreated to the creek in the bottom. At this point again you in person (and I noticed Captain XVilkins, assistant adjutant-general, of General Williams staff; and Captain Scott) assisted me in rallying the regiment. From this point I was ordered by you to fall back on iiiiy original position. There are many cases of individual bravery, and especially among my non-commissioned officers, that I might mention. The whole con- duct of my regiment and officers transpired under your own personal observation, so far as it was possible for one man to observe. I there- fore forbear making any special mention of it. Inclosed is a list of casualties of the regiment during the action.* Your obedient servant, S. COLGROVE, Colonel Twenty-serenth Regiment Indiana Volunteers. General GEORGE II. GORDON, Oomdg. Third Brigade, Second Corps, Army of Virginia. No. 11. Report of Brig. Gen. Christopher C. Augur, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. WASHINGTON, D. C., September 10, 1862. MAJOR: I desire respeettully to submit the following report of the operations of my division in the battle of Cedar Mountain up to 7 oclock p. in., the time I was wounded and left the field: My division consisted of Generals Gearys, Princes, and Greenes brigades, composed as follows: Gearys brigade, of the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, detached during the march to Cedar [Thor- on ghfare] Mountain and not engaged in that affair; the Fifth, Seventh, Twenty-njnth, and Sixty-siNth Ohio Volunteers, and Knaps battery; tot~l enlisted men, 1,121. Princes brigadebattalion of Eighth and Twelfth Regulars, One hundred and second New York Volunteers, One hundred and ninth and One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volun- teers, the Third Maryland Volunteers, and Robinsons battery, Fourth Maine; total enlisted men, I A35. Greenes brigade, of the Third Dela- ware Volunteers, detached at Front Royal; the Purnell Legion, Mary- land Volunteers, detached at Warrenton and Warrenton Junction; the Sixtieth New York, detached at Warrenton Springs, leaving only the Seventy-eighth New York Volunteers and a battalion of the First Dis- trict Volunteers, and MeGilverys battery, Sixth Maine, engaged in the battle; total enlisted men, 457. The number of enlisted men of the division actually on the field was therefore about 3,013. As my division came upon the field I was directed to place it on the left of Craw fords brigade and toward Cedar Mountain. Subsequently Crawfords brigade joined his division on the right of the line, and I was directed to move my command to place it in two lines, with its Embodied in revised statement, p. 137 Page 158 158 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. right resting on the road leading to Orange Court-House and its left extending in the direction of Cedar Mountain. Knaps battery retained its original position near the center of the line. McGi]verys battery was planted on the extreme left of the line and Robinsons intermedi- ately. My command kept this position during the severe artillery fire of the afternoon, the infantry only taking advantage of the ground ~u the vicinity to cover itself from the enemys shell. The ground from this position to the front was open, with an occasional corn field and clumps of underbrush, and gradually rising for nearly a mile. On the right of the Orange road was a forest, extending perhaps for a quarter of a mile along the road, and behind which was massed the infantry of the enemys left. On the left was Cedar Mountain, so that iu advane. ing my division would pass between the two. I had previously caused Captain Pitchers battalion of the Eighth and Twelfth Regnlars to deploy as skirmishers and cover the front of the whole division, to advance continuously, discover the enemys posi- tion, and annoy him as much as possible. How well this was (lone will be seen from the following extract from a letter from General Prince, written on the 16th of August from Richmond. Speaking of Pitchers battalion he says: Their part I have occasion to know excited the admiration of the enemy, who in- quired if they were not regulars, as they had never seen such skirmishing. They were out during the whole battle, and penetrated even to the enemys position, and annoyed him so as to turn the attention of his guns away from more distant firing with shot and shell, and caused him to waste canister upon the ground of the skir- mishers. When the infantry of Williams division on our right advanced and became engaged I was ordered to cause my batteries in front to cease firing and to advance my infantry. Leaving Greene to support Mc- Gilverys battery on the left and to hold that position, I caused Gearys brigade to advance, which it did steadily and quickly, and when within range opened a regular and well-directed fire upon the enemy. I then caused Princes brigade to advance in like manner upon the left, which it did under its gallant leader handsomely and in good order, and when in position opened its fire. Meantime the enemy had gotten a battery and a body of infantry in position on our left, evidently by having gone around Cedar Mount- ain, and were in position to annoy us extremely, but MeGilverys bat- tery gave them ample occupation and prevented their advance. Our right, too, as it advanced and became uncovered by the wood men- tioned on the right, was exposed to a flank fire from the enemys in- fantry on the left. Williams division, however, kept them well occu- pied, and knowing him to be there, I was afraid of directing a return of the fire that came from that direction. As our front lines became weak- ened by their losses I caused the second lines to advance, which they did in good order. Meantime the enemy had placed a section of artillery in front, evi- dently for the purpose of using grape upon ouradvancing infantry. I saw, too, a large body of infantry collecting for its support. I sent immediately for a section of Napoleon guns to act upon this body, and selected its position in front. Before its arrival my horse was shot, and a moment after I was wounded myself and rendered unable to keep the field. I learn that this s& tiou of artillery did most efficient service under its gallant comm.ander, Lientenamit Cushing, Fourth Artillery, who, when deficient in men, dismounted and -assisted to work his own guns. General Geary had been previously wounded severely whil Page 159 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 159 gallantly and efficiently attending to his brigade. I sent my adjutant- general, Captain ilaistead, to report to General Prince am was in command of the division. , I say that he The subsequent operations of the division will be reported by General Greene, who, with his little command, so persistently held the enemy in check on our left, and who, after the capture of General Prince, suc- ceeded to the command of the division. I am most happy to report that up to the time I Left the field I saw no instances of bad coiiduct on the part of the officers or soldiers; that, quite to the contrary, I saw nothing but coolness and determination. To Generals Geary, Prince, and Greene I am under great obligations for their intelligent and active co-operation, and for the skill and gallantry with which they managed their commands. General Geary was severely wounded; and General Prince, after losing his entire staff; and being the only mounted officer near him, went to another part of the field for orders, was surrounded and captnrcd by the enemy. To Captain Pitcher, Eighth Infantry, great credit is due for his skillful and effective management of his battalions of skirmishers, which, as have been seen, were of so serious an annoy- ance to the enemy. He was severely wounded in the knee. I respect- fully recommend him to the favorable consideration of the general commanding and of the Government. Of my own staff I cannot speak too highly. Captain Halsted, as- sistant adjutant-general, after being of the greatest service to me during the day, reported when I left the field to General Prince, and was subsequently captured. To Captains Cnttiiig and Shaw, my aides- dc-camp; to Captain lUlodge, assistant quartermaster, and Captain Woodruff, commissary of subsistence, who, in a~ddition to their proper duties, which were efficiently performed, acted as my aides-dc-camp on the field, I am greatly indebted for their activity and for their intelli- gent transmission of orders throughout the day. Exposed to every variety of fire as their duties required, they labored faithfully, actively, an(l efficiently to aid me in every possible way. To the commanders of batteries, Captain Knap, Pennsylvania; MeGilvery and Robinson, Maine, great credit is due for their skillful and active mnanagemeiit of their respective batteries. Captain Knap testifies to the skill and bravery of Lieutenant Geary, Pennsylvania, and Lieutenants C ushing and Howard, Fourth Artillery, and of his men generally. Captain Robinson speaks particularly of the good conduct of his first sergeant, H. C. Haynes, and Captain MeGilvery speaks the same of his officers and men. Captain Anderson, Twelft Ii Infantry, speaks in the highest terms of the conduct of Captain Qaimby, Twelfth Infantry, severely wounded; Lieutenant Andrews, Eighth Infantry, slightly wounded; Noble Eighth Infantry; Perkins and Fisher, Twelfth Inthutry. lIe also especially desires to call attention to the gallant services of Ser- geants Higgins, MeMenamnir, Lathrop, and OConnor, Eighth Infantry, and Sergeants Liscum and Lawrence, Canavan and Byrne, of the Twelfth Infantry. General Greene makes especial mention of the efficient services of his assistant adjutant-general, Capt. C. P. Horton, and of his aide-dc camp, Lieutenant Shipman, Sixtieth Regiment New York Volunteers. General Prince speaks in the highest and most feel- ing terms of his staff; two of whom were killed (Captains Green and Tennatt), and the other, Ca]~ta~in flaskell, severely wounded. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. C. AUGUR, Brigadier- General, Gomrnrtnding Division. Maj. Louis H. PELOTJZE, A. A. G., fldqrs. Banks Corps Page 160 160 OPERATION8 IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CRAP. XXIV. I~To. 12. Report of Brig. Gen. John W. Geary, U. A9. Army, commanding First Brigade. , 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the First Brigade, Second I)ivision, Second Corps, Army of Virginia, in the action at Cedar Creek, on Saturday, August 9: At about 8 a. in. August 9 the brigade took up the line of march from camp, agreeably to your order, taking the road toward Orange Court-House. The extreme heat of the day caused many cases of sun- stroke and the scarcity of water immense suffering among the menin fact, after a march of 5 or 6 miles the road on each side was full of men, who had been compelled to fall out from sheer exhaustion, and many cases of sunstroke terminated fatally. At the dista~nce of about 5 miles from Culpeper Court-House I received or(lers from Major-General Banks to detach the Twenty-eighth iRegi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, with orders to proceed imme- diately to retake and hold at all hazards Telegraph Hill [Thoroughfare Mountain], a position which had been occupied by our signal corps, and from which they had been reported to have been driven by a regiment of rebel cavalry that morning. Pursuant to the order, I dispatched the regiment, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Tyndale, with Lieu- tenant Harvey as guide, detailed by order of General Banks himself. The remainder of the brigade, consisting of the Fifth, Sixty-sixth, Seventh, and Twenty-ninth Ohio Regiments, and one section of Knaps battery, under command of Lieutenant Geary, and one company of First West Virginia Cavalry, nuder command of Captain Kerr, proceeded on a distance of about 2 miles, where we found the advance troops taking position in line of battle near and beyond Cedar Creek. I immediately put my brigade in line, the right resting about 100 yards in rear of and opposite Bests battery and extending almost direcfly south. One sec- tion of Knaps battery occupied a position in line with Bests battery and in front of our extreme left; cavalry in position as escort. This position was taken about 2 p. m. Firing was commenced in a very short time by the rebel batteries and answered immediately by the center l~attery first, and then by the section of Knaps on our left, commanded by Lieutenant Geary. These two guns seemed to get the range of the rebel batteries first, and did excellent work, dropping their shells right into the batteries at almost evemy fire. We remained in this position until about 3.30 p. in., when we changed position by the right flank to support the right center bat- tery, forming in two lines, the advance consisting of the Seventh Ohio on the right and I he Sixtysixth Ohio on the left. In rear was the Twenty-ninth Ohio supporting the Seventh, and the Fifth Ohio sup- porting the Sixty-sixth. We remained in this position about one hour, when we received orders to advance. We moved forward about 200 ~am-ds and we were ordered to halt and await further orders. While here we were exposed to a terrible cross-fire from the enemy~5 batteries and lost several men killed and wounded. We remained in this posi- tion about one hour, and were ordered forward to support a line of skir- mnishers thrown out by the Twelfth U. S. Infantry, who were falling back under a galling fire of the enemy, then a(lvailcing in force. We were soon in range of their infantry an(i became hotly engaged. The Seventh and Sixty-sixth Ohio, under the destructive fire of at least fiv Page 161 CHAP. XXIV. I CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 161 times their number, were being terribly cut up, but retained their ground, closing up their decimated ranks, and still pressing toward the enemy. Seeing their condition I ordered the Fifth and Twenty-ninth Ohio to their support. They promptly answered the command, the Twenty-ninth passing immediately to the support of the Seventh and the Fifth passing to the left of the Sixty-sixth. At this period a ball struck me on the ankle, and almost at the same instant a l)all passed through my left arm. I was compelled to leave the field, and the command of the brigade devolved on Col. Charles Candy. JNO. MT GEAHY. General AuGuR, Comdg. Second Division, Second Corps, Army of Virginia. No. 13. Report of Capt. Joseph 1W. Knap, Battery B, Pennsylvania Light Artillery. HEAIQUARTERS KNAPS PENNSYLVANIA BATTERY, Near Culpeper, Va., August 14, 1862. COLONEL: On Friday, 8th instant, I was oi (lered by General Craw- ford, commanding brigade at Cuipeper, to move at 4 p. m. in advance of his brigade with four guns. We took a position on an eminence to the left of the Orange road, some 400 yards beyond Cedar lilIan, and remained there all night, nothing occurring until 12 m. on Saturday, the 9th instant. At the time above mentioned the enemy opened upon our advance cavalry with two batteries, one of which (1~ miles to the front and left of our position) I was. ordered to reply to. A few shots from my bat- tery, together with two or three from a section of J~oemers Second New York, nuder my command, soon silenced the enemys guns, causing them to change their position. At 1.30 p. m. General G earys brigade arrived and took position on my left, Lieutenant Gearys section of artillery being posted on the right of the brigade. A section of Captain Bests battery, Lieutenant Cush- ing, was assigned to me, and took position on the left of Lieutenant Howards section, Second New York Battery. At 2.30 p. ni. the enemy opened with two batteries, about a mile distant, upon our position, and in less than twenty minutes four addi- tional batteries were unmasked, all apparently concentrating their fire on our artillery. The enemys line of batteries extended in a crescent shape for about 24 miles on elevated ground, and at distances from our batteries varying from 1,500 to 2,500 yards. A continual fire from both sides was kept up. the enemy occasionally changing the position of their batteries, until 5.30 p. in., when our inPantry moved forward on the right, charging upon and silencing the two batteries on the enemys left, which had produced the most effect upon our artillery. We were then ordered to devote our attention to the enemys right flank, and fire On tileir infantry whenever it was practicable. The enemys artillery ceased firing about dusk, when I was ordered by Capt. C. L. Best, chief of artillery, to fall back and take another position, my ammunition, with the exception of canister, having been expended. I took position about 1 mile to the rear Gf my first, and renuained there all night. Owing to the nature of the ground I was 11 R RYOL XII, PT I Page 162 OPE1~ATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD tOHA~. XXW. unable to shift my position materially daring the entire engagement. I was forced to leave two caissons on the field, empty and disabled, one of which Las been recovered. My loss in men was 1 killed and 7 wounded, and in horses 14 killed and disabled. One gun was disabled late in the action by a cannon-shot, but was brought off the field. No ammunition fell into the enemys hands. In conclusion, it gives me great pleasure to testify to the gallant con- duct and bearing of my men and those of Lieutenants Howards and Cushings sections, temporarily under my command, and to the bravery and skill displayed by Lieutenants Geary, McGill, Cushing, and How- ard, and acting Lieutenant Dunlevy. The amount of shell expended by my battery (six 10-pounder Par- rotts) was 980. Respectfully, your obedient servant, JOS. M. KNAP, Capt., (Jomdg. Pa. Bat., attached to First Brig., Second Div. Col. CHARLES CANDY, Comdg. First Brig., Second Div., Second Army Corps. No. 14. Reports of Col. John H. Patrick, Fifth Ohio infantry. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEERS, In the Field, August 11, 1862. SIR: We left Culpeper about 9 a. m. Saturday (9th), and reached the field of action, 8 miles distant, about 2 p. in.; took position on the left; stacked arms and rested; were shortly afterward ordered to sup- port a battery, which was in position in the center. After about an hour were ordered to advance, taking about 300 men into the engage- ment. While advancing we passed the Twelfth Regulars lying in a ravine, and only about 150 came out at the close of the fight, which was about dark. We had 1 field officer, 13 line officers, and 95 men killed and wounded.* Respectfully, yours, JNO. H. PATRICK, Lieut. Cot., ~5fomdg. Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Colonel CANDY, Sixty-sixth Ohio Vols., tiomdg. First Brigade.. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH OHIO VETERAN VOLUNTEERS, April 10, 1864. SIR: In compliance with orders from the general commanding divis- ion I have the honor to forward the official report of the part taken by my command in the battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862: HEADQUARTERS FIFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEERS, Culpeper, Va., August 13, 1862. In obedience to orders from brigade headquarters I have the honor to transmit a record concerning our action in battle near Culpeper, Va., August 9, 1862: * Bat see revised statement, p. 137 Page 163 CHAP. XXIV.j CEDAR MOUNTAiN, VA. 163 We left Culpeper Saturday morning, the 8th instant, and marched a distance of about 8 miles, and arrived at the scene of action about 2 oclock. We halted in front of the enemys right, stacked arms, and rested about an hour. In the mean time the artillery had opened fire on both sides, an(l I think that our artillery opened the fire. We were then ordered by General Geary to support a battery which was in posi- tion on our center. On arriving there our brigade, or rather that part comprising General Tylers old brigade (the other part, consisting of the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania, had left on the road), was divided, the Sixty-sixth and Seventh Ohio formed the first line of support, the Fifth and Twenty-ninth Ohio the second, 50 paces in the rear. We were ordered to advance and occupy the line of the Sixty-sixth and Seventh Ohio, while they advanced and gained equal distance in front. We lay there until about 6 oclock, having been shelled briskly from the commencement up to that time. The infantry were then ordered to advance. We kept advancing until we crossed a corn field. Our front was then clear, the troops in front having flanked to the right in advancing through the corn field. There was a road or ravine where we found a regiment of regulars (the Twelfth, I believe), all lying down. I tried to get them to advance. Our regiment called them cowards, and walked over them. After leaving the corn field we re- ceived the first round of grape and canister. We advanced farther until we reached a small mound. By this time we were the only regi- mnent holding the open field, the others having flanked to the right that were on our right, and the regiment that came up on our left, after we had advanced through the corn field, only fired one volley, and retired immediately, the officer commanding leading them off the field. The enemy by this time had been forced to retire and if we had been re-enforced we would have driven them from the field. From some unexplained reason we were left to the kind mercy of the enemy, who seemed to know their business, and brought another brigade into action against us, no doubt with the intention of making a finish of the few brave men remaining on the field. We went into action with about 275 men, and lost in killed, wounded, and missing 122. Respectfully submitted. JNO. II. PATRICK, Colonel Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Capt. THOMAS II. ELLIOTT, Asst. Ac~jt. Gem., Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps. No. 15. Report of Col. William P. Creighton, Seventh Ohio Infantry. HDQRS. SEVENTH REGT. OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, In Field near Culpeper Court-House, August 9, 1862. Sin: I would respectfully submit the following report of the part taken by the Seventh IRegiment Ohio Volunteer infantry in the battle of Cedar Creek, Saturday, August 9, 1862: At about 8 oclock a. m. we moved forward, by order of Brigadier- General Geary, commanding the brigade, a distance of 8 miles, suffer- ing greatly from the scarcity of water and the inteiiise heat, from the effect of which a number of men were fatally sun-struck. We took position in rear of Knaps battery, on the west side of Cedar Creek Page 164 164 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. forming in line of battle nearly due north and south, and remained there until 3.30 p. in., when we changed position by the right hank to support the right-center battery. In that position we remained about an hour, when we received orders to advance in line of battle. We moved forward al)out 200 yards, and were ordered to halt and await further orders. In the mean time we were exposed to a terrible cross- fire from rebel batteries, when we lost several men killed and wounded. We remained there about an hour, when we advanced to support the line of skirmishers thrown out by the Twelfth Regular Infantry, who were retreating under the fire of the enemy, then advancing in force in line of battle. We were soon in range of their infantry, and became hotly engaged. We held our position until relieved by the Twenty- ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, when, closing my decimated ranks, I moved off the field by the right of column to the rear, and halted on the summit of. a hill on the east side of Cedar Creek. Being wounded in the left side and arm, I was compelled to retire and leave the command of the regiment to the senior officer in the field. At about 9 oclock p. m. we moved forward toward Cedar Creek, being detailed for picket duty. When within a short distance of the creek our advance was challenged, but giving no answer, we received volleys from right, left, and front, compelling us to retire under thO cover of the woods, and falling back 1 mile we bivouacked for the night. I cannot speak too highly of the officers and men. Every one was at his post, and nobly did each one do his duty. Number of field, line, and staff officers in action, 14; number of en- listed men taken into action, 293; field and staff officers wounded, 2; line officers killed, 3; wounded, 5; enlisted men killed, 34; wounded, 146.* All of which is respectfully submitted. W. R. CREIG-UTON, Colonel, Comdg. Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. CHARLES CANDY, Comdg. 1st Brig., 2d Div., 2d Corps, Army of Va. No. 16. Report of Capt. Wilbur F. Stevens, Twenty-ninth Ohio infantry. HDQRS. TWENTY-NINTH IREGT. OHIO VOL. INFANTRY, Camp near Culpeper Court-House, Va., August 14, 1862. SIR: In obedience to your order of this date I have the honor to make the following report of the Twenty-ninth Regiment Ohio Volun- teer Infantry in the late action near Cedar Mountain, August 9: I weut into the fight with 9 commissioned officers and 180 enlisted men. We were formed in rear of the Seventh Ohio Regiment for the support of a battery stationed on a slight elevation of ground direct to our front. The battery was moved in a short time, and we were left for the su~)port of another battery, stationed to our left. Afterward we moved to the front for the support of the Seventh Ohio Regiment, we coming up on their left. We then opened fire on the enemy, who were on a slight hill beyond the corn field and in the woods to our right. here we received their fire from both the above-named places. They * But see revise4 statement, p. 137 Page 165 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 165 filially gave way direct in front and we moved forward and occupied the ground on the lull beyond the corn field, we receiving the same cross-fire (from the woods and to the front). Our support ou extreme right giving way, and we fearing our small squad would be captured, fell back to the right of our first position near the battery. Night com- ing on we fell back to the woods in our rear. During the engagement my men behaved with the utmost coolness and bravery. No man left the field unless he was wounded or ordered to assist a wounded man back to the rear, and then return to his place in the ranks. We retired in as good order as conld be expected, as our numbers were greatly diminished, they being either killed or wounded or assisting our wounded to the rear. During the engage- meut I had my horse shot, which I was obliged to leave. The above is respectfully submitted. I am, colouci, very respectfiully, your obedient servant, W. F. STEVENS, Captain, Comdg. Twenty-ninth Regiment Ohio Vol. Infantry. Colonel CANDY, & xty-sixth Ohio, Commanding First Brigade. No. 17. Report of Cot. Charles Candy, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry. HDQES. SIxTv-8JxTH REST. OHIO VOL. INFTY., U. S. A., Camp near Culpeper Court-House, Va., August 11, 1862. GENERAL: In compliance to circular, dated Headquarters Second Division, Second Corps dArm6e, Army of Virginia, I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by my regiment in the late action of Saturday, August 9, near Culpeper Court-House, Va.: The regiment left camp at Culpeper Court-flonse, Va., in company with the remainder of the brigade, under command of Brigadier-Gen- eral Geary; arrived on the field, and took position on the left of the Seveiith Ohio, the line running, as near as can be ascertained, due north and south. I~ernained in that position abont an hour~ then ordered to move to the rioht and change position in rear of batteries almost j)erpendicular to onr original front, which was done at a double- quick. Took position in rear of batteries; remained about an hour; or(lerecl to advance moved 300 yards and commenced firin~ 200 or ordered to halt.; laid down in corn field and remained in that position near an hour; ordex-ed to advance, fixing on the enemys skirmishers, which was done. As soon as the troOi)5 on the right and left com- menced filling back I ordered my regiment to fall back firing, no one being present to give any orders and no support in view. After fall- mo back some 10 or 15 yards I again ordered the advan& e~ advanced beyond oux original line some 10 or 20 yards. This was repeated sev- eral times; again fell back firing. Upon finding out that the enemy had our range, and with grape and shell were mowing down the brave men under my command, I fell back to the woods on this side of the creek, bringing with me but about (10 men left of my entire regiment. Upon coming out I found a squad of the Fifth, Seventh, and Twenty- miintli Ohio fornied, waiting for some one to give them orders what to do. I was here informed that Ceneral (leary Imad been wounded in th Page 166 166 OP~flON8 IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (Oar. 111%. early part of the engagement, and immediately reported to Ms~Jor.Gon. oral Banks for instructions. Was ordered by him to take position on the right of General Greends brigade, at the edge of the Umber this side of the Rn (Cedar Creek); started to take position as ordered, throwing out an advance guard of 10 men, under command of Captain Van Deman1 Sixty-sixth Ohio. He advanced, throwing out his advance guard as skirmishers. Upon their arrival at the edge of the timber they were ordered to halt and deliver up their arms. At that instant my command was fired upon by a strong party concealed in the Umber. My regiment of about 60 men, being in the advance, received their fire, which wounded lcaptain23 lieutenants, and quite a number of the en- listed men. After returning their fire fell back and reported the facts to General Pope, commanding, who ordered me top~ my men where they could rest or the night. From the reports received by the acting sijutant of the regiment we went into the action about 250 strong. My officers and men stood throughout the engagement under a galling fire of musketry, shell, and grape obeying every orderpromptly and pnctually. I have the honor to inciose herewith list of tilled, wounded, and mlsslng. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Oblonel Sfrty-afrth Regiment o& io ~EA~5~%AflY~ Brig. Gen. GEORGE S. Gnaw Comdg. secona .1*., Second donie dArss4 Army of Virginia No.1& Report of Best VoL Hector l7ajn& Me, fL~wnty-eightk .PennayIwanla In- fantry, of reconnaiseance to Thoroughfare Mountain. HEADQUARTERS TWENTY-EIGHTH RGT. PA. VOLE., Rear (lulpeper, Va, August 11, 1862. CoLoituL: On the 9th instant, being ordered by General Geary, I took this regiment on to Thoroughfare Montain, 10 miles distant fropa this road,toretake possession and re-establish the signal station, driven thence by the enemys cavalry in the morning of that day. I fond no signs of the rebels on the route, except some haifa dozen scouts, who evaded the detail of 15 cavalry, under Lieutenant Lydy, of Ca Kerrs company, First West Virginia Begiment, who accompanied me, which scouts ran across the country to the southward. Rn route I learned that the enemy was in large force at a point say 8 miles south- east from Thoroughfare Mountain and about 2 miles from my road. I fond Colpuel Cluseret, with brigade, at James City. On yesterday morning mycommand returned, by order of MAjor-General Bauks, and I reported to you in person in the afterucon. The casualties of the road wore as follows: One of the cavalry slightly shot in the hand by a concealed guerrilla, and 2 men of same corps missing, supposed to be captured while carrying a message for me. Of the men of this regiment left behind on guard of brigade am- munition train 1 was killed and 1 slightly wounded. Another, reported 0 NomInal list here omitted shows 11 kIlled, 79 woundS, and 1 missIng. Bute revised statement, P. 187 Page 167 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 167 killed, who, being unwell, fell behind the regiment, returned to this road and entered the fight in another regiment. The total number of this regiment present yesterday after the march was 1,034, or one less than the number beginning the march, as already stated. Respectfully, your obedient servant, HECTOR TYNDALE, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. Twenty-eighth Regt. Pa. Vols. Colonel CANDY, Comdg. First Brigade, Second Division, Second corps. No. 19. Report of Brig. Gen. Henry Prince, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. WASHING-TON, November 10, 1862. SIR: A prisoner of war, detained until recently, I have not had an opportunity before to report the part taken by my brigade in the battle ot Cedar Mountain, Culpeper, Va., August 9, 1862. I respectfully request permission to do so now. My command was the Second Brigade of the Second Division, Second Army Corps, Army of Virginia, consisting of the following five battal- ions, of equal strength, viz: A battalion of the Eighth and Twelfth U. S. Infantry, the One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania, Third Mary- land, One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania, and One hundred and second New York Regiments of Volunteers; also the Fourth Maine Battery of Artillery and a company of cavalry. We marched from Culpeper Court-House before noon of the date re- ferred to in the division column, following the First Brigade and taking the main road southward. The booming of artillery in front indi- cated that the march proposed was not a long one, an impression which was the more pleasing to ~the troops, as it was the warmest day of the season. Six miles from Culpeper a strip of woodland, stretching across the road and reaching to some distance from it on either side, furnished a shade, in which the troops rested and obtained water. During the halt for these purposes they were informed that the brigade was about to leave the road for the purpose of meeting the enemy, and every one was expected to keep his place. After passing through the wood and filing to the left we followed down a small run three-fourths of a mile, crossed it, and halted in its hollow to wait for orders. At this time the cannonade became continuous, and both sides were ~)lacing more batteries. In a few minutes I received from division headquarters the following orders nearly simultaneously: To detach the battalion of the Eighth and Twelfth Infantry, with instructions to re- port to division headquarters to relieve with the Fourth Maine Battery the battery on the hill near by; to form the remainder of the brigade with two lines, and place it on die left of Gearys brigade, already in line. These orders being promptly complied with the lines were then rectified, so as to take advantage of the slight inequality of the smooth ground, on which for several hours they faced the cannonade which ensued with but few casualties, three persons in each line be ing wounded slightly, among whoip wa~ Colonel Stainrook; also two horses wer Page 168 168 OPERATIONS IN~ N. VA., W. VA., A~D MD. [CHAP. XXIV. killed. The firing was (dose. The escape of the lines from great loss was often a very narrow one. At the time of the partial Suspension of the cannonade, seeing (A-earys brigade advancing, I began a cautious advance of my first line (One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania and Third Maryland), and soon after receiving the order from division headquarters to Move forward, we straightened up and marched in line at the ordiiiary pace directly for the euciny. In advau ring we passed over a small ridge, a ditch, fences, a roa(l lying parallel to our pasition, and then a field of very high corn, beyond which the giouiid was open and ascending. While (le~cending the slOl)e ot the ridge the line received the fiie of the enemy without any disconcertion. Discovering the road, the battalion coin- inandeis were notified that it would be the rallying l)lace if any break should occur. Continuing to advance amidst the whistle of a storm of bnllets, the ahigiimeut was of conrse interrupted in crossing the fences. These were more in the way of the left than the right, in consequence of which the Third Maryland was not quite (lressed up to the One hun- dred and eleventh Pennsylvania, but sufficiently so for open ground. In the corn field, tho ugh, bnt few mcii conld see each other, and this was the canse of the One hundred and eleventh lapping over the Third Maryland. On the whole, the advance was as good as it would have been over the same ground oii drill. The hue, having reached the onter edge of the corn field, was halted to co-operatc in the plan of battle which had been communicated to me. The fire of the enemy at the time of halting converged from full thirty (legrees to our Left, where it was nearest to us along the front. While ci ossilig the corn field the order W~5 comllainicate(l to me from division headquarters to move torwar(l my whole force. I now brought up the second line (Oime humidred ~mnd ninth Pennsylvania and One huim- dred an(l 5econd New York), and l)lacetl it in echelon of about 100 paces to the left and rear of tIme first. In accomplishing this I saved much time by passing through time l)attery, muaskino it for a moment only, as the Oronn(l descended rapidly from the gnus. The obstacles in the way (lerange(l the alignment as before but with (hue attention it was peitcctly restored. Before the fire of this line was delivered great care was taken to exl)lain the angle in which it nmst confine its aim, so as to avoid the Third Marylalm(l. It then fired a single volley at the word. In reload- imig some tiles lost time direction, and camne to an aim toward the for- bidden point. I canse(1 the timing to cease before a second discharge and the l)rol)er front to be indicated again. Time Third Maryland hear- big time volley in its ream snI)h)ose(l itself tired imito, and retired in con- sequence imin disorder, pas~i1mg tIme right of the secomid line. Colonel 1)e Witt l-eporte(l this 1mm persomi while it was occurrimig, an(l I directed hmimim to i-ally his reoinment iii time i-ear. The One hnmmdred an(l eleventh I ~emm usy I vammia, finding itself alomme 1mm advammee, followed the movement of time Third Marvlaum(l. Both reoiumjmemits rallied iim the road previously (lesigmlatedralhic(l nn(ler fireimi which position they proved of him- lmomt~mut seivice, as xviii be seen immmnmediatel~-. lime second hue mmuuifomnul~ held its own. Bearing m-yself generally lowaid its left~ to look loin mmmy chauige iii the position of the enenmy until I discovered that (layll4mt was Plug I then went to the right, obseinvi img as 1 went the peinki order and enthusiasm of our troops, who were loadimmg an(l fir1umg (leliberately amni(lst the umuabated heat of the eumeumm~ s lime. On appro mc miming 11w right I Perceived that the firing in thc u~tlmcm brigades Jutud ceased, whieb Prvmbly immmpressed tupoim nine th Page 169 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 169 necessity of learning immediately something of the day. No staff officer was left with me. I was the only mounted person present. I determined to go back to the ridge, where I might see the field or com- municate with others. Explaining this to the nearest field officer, Major Gray, One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania, and saying to him that I would return in a moment and give some new orders, I directed my course to the point of the ridge where it was supposed the division headquarters were. While walking my horse in the dense corn, where the ground was heavy, my bridle was seized, and I perceived that I was in the midst of enemies before otherwise discovering any person to be there. The time was about 7.45about the time that the battery ceased firing. The fact is, the right of my advanced second line was already turned by troops that were noiselessly occupying the corn held, they being held in check by my first line, which had rallied in the road, and by the steadiness of the other, as exemplified in the evenness of its fire. The subsequent fortunes of this brigadewhich one might now anticipate, so completely do they follow from what has been related is gathered as follows from the reports of commanders: The One hun- dred and ninth Pennsylvania (the right wing of the advance line), find- ing itself turned by the right, retired around the left of the field of bat- tle to the woods first mentioned in this report, the One hundred and second New York (left wing, same line) conforming to and accompany- ing it. No troops were then in position to support the line where it stood. The battery had been withdrawn a short time before to where the Culpeper road issues from the wood above mentioned, and my first line had followed, covering it. The conduct of the brigade, considering its advanced Position and severe combat, was highly creditable to it. This will be fully appreci- ated by the table of casualties appended, showing a loss of 33 per cent. of the number for duty. The first battalion (Eighth and Twelfth U. S. Infantry) was detached throughout the day and was deployed as skir- mishers in front of the division, where it rendered efficient and gallant service. The battery (Fourth Maine) was in action four hours an(l a quarter, gallantly ~nd efficiently served. I beg leave to mention the names of the commanders of the troops. The first battalion was commanded by Capt. Thomas G. Pitcher, U. S. Army; the second by Maj. W. M. Walker, One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers; the third by Col. D. P. De Witt, Third Maryland Volunteers; the fourth by Col. H. J. Stainrook, One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers; the fifth by Maj. Joseph C. Lane, One hundred and second New York Volun- teers. The battery was commanded by Capt. ONeil W. Robinson, Fourth Maine Battery. These officers conducted their commands throughout the day, excepting Captain Pitcher, who was relieved near the close of the day, being disabled by wounds. His command devolved upon Capt. T. M. Anderson, U. S. Arm~~. The third battalion took the impression that it received the fire of time fourth, but the care with which this was guarded against, and the fact of the third suffering least of any force in the brigade, satisfy me that it was not so. Captain Robinson reports First Sergt. II. C. ilaynes, of the Fourth Maine Battery, as commanding efficiently one of the guns. Captain Anderson, in the report of the first battalion, distinguishes by name Captain Quiniby, Lieutenants Noble, Perkimis, and Fisher, and ~crgeauts Higgins, Lathrop, and OConnor, of the Eighth, and Se Page 170 170 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP XXIV. geants Liscum, Lawrence, Canavan, and Byrne, of the Twelfth. I was attended by three of my staff, whose gallantry cannot be too highly com- mended. They rendered me valuable assistance, and are all of them borne on the list Qf most serious casualties. Capt. Thomas H. Green, aide-de-camp and acting assistant adjutant- general and chief of staff, whose courage and bearing were of the high. est stamp, was detached by me near the close of the day, and was un- doubtedly killed while in the execution of his duty, though I am obliged to report him missing. Capt. George F. Tennatt, aide-de-eamp, fell from his horse mortally wounded by a Minie ball passing through the bridle hand and through the body while advancing toward the enemy in the execution of his duty. His deportment and his death were alike heroic. Lieut. L. F. Haskell, Fifth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, aide-dc. camp, was severely wounded by a Minie ball through the thigh. He remained on the field until it totally disabled him, near the close of the day. I shall always be ready to render appropriate testimony respecting all who were engaged, but I cannot pretend in this report to do justice to individuals. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY PRINCE, Brigadier-General Volunteers. Lieut. Col. Louis H. PELOUZE, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 20. Report of Brig. Gen. James B. Rieketts, U. & Army, commanding & cond Division, Third Corps. HDQRS. SECOND DIVIsION, THIRD CORPS, ARMY OF VA., August 14, 1862. COLONEL: Agreeably to orders I have the honor to submit the fol- lowing report of the part taken by my division in the late e~gagement near Cedar Mountain: On Friday, the 8th instant, the division was ordered from camp north of Culpeper, and took position on the Orange road, near its junction with the road leading to Stevensburg, and remained there until ordered forward about 5 p. m. on the 9th, reaching the field about 7 oclock. The division was immediately directed to relieve the right of General Banks corps, which was done by forming line of battleTowers brigade on the right, Carrolls on the left, Hartsuffs brigade in close column of division in rear of Towers, and Duryeas in rear of Carrolls; two bat- teries of artilleryLeppiens and Matthewson the right, and two batteriesThompsons and Hallstoward the left and center. This arrangement was being rapidly completed when the enemy ad- vanced a battery near a point of woods to our left in close range and opened a brisk fire, followed by discharges of infantry. Halls battery had formed, Thompsons came into action while receiving the enemys fire, and both replied with such good effect as to cause the withdrawal of the enemy, leaving us in undisturbed possession of the field for the night. The excellent practice of the artillery and the general goo4 conduct of the division are deseiwing of praise Page 171 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 171 I herewith submit the reports of brigade commanders, chief of artil- lery, and the colonel commanding First Maine Cavalry, who was tern. porarily allotted to General Bayards brigade, the casualties ar~~onnting to 103 killed, wounded, and missing, according to the accompanying list.* In this connection I must acknowledge the attention and zeal of my staff, Snrg. N. It. Moseley, medical director; Maj. D. Tilison, chief of artillery; Maj. William Painter, division qnartermaster; Capt. J. W. Williams, assistant adjutant-general; Capt. William Fisher, aide-de- camp; Capt. B. W. Richards, aide-de-camp, who each rendered impor- tant services in his appropriate duties. Jam, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES B. IRICKETTS, Brigadier- General Volunteers, Commanding Division. Col. E. SCHUIVER, Chief of Staff. No. 21. Report of Maj. Davis Tilison, Chief of Artillery, Second Division. IIDQRS. 2D Div., 3D ARMY CoRPS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Cedar ]liliountain, Va., August 14, 1862. CAPTAIN: In compliance with orders from these headquarters call- ing for reports as to the part taken by the different commands ditring the late engagement with the enemy, I have the honor to make the following statement of the operations of the field batteries of this division: Immediately upon their arrival near the scene of action, just in rear of the woods through which General Banks army was retiring, by direction of General Ricketts the Fifth Maine Battery, Captain Lep- pien, and Battery F, First Pennsylvania, Captain Matthews, were placed near the residence of Mrs. Brown, taking positions to command the right and front, and supported by General Towers brigade. The Second Maine Battery, Captain Hall, was placed on the right of the road leading throngh the woods to the rear, covering the interval l)etween General Carrolls and General Durycas brigades. The Second Maryland Battery,t Captain Thompson, was to have been posted on the left of General Hartsuffs brigade, but before it arrived there one of the enemys batteries, that from behind the woods had been shelling the division while it was getting into position, stealthily emerged from the woods along the road over which General Banks column had just passed to the rear, and covered by the darkness of the evening and the shadow of the woods, took up a position immediately in front of our forces, whose first intimation of their presence was the opening upon them by the enemy of a most galling fire of canister and case shot. Captain Hall, whose position was fortunately well chosen, immedi- ately brought his guns to bear, and opened fire upon the enemy. Cap- tain Thompson quickly placed his guns in battery on Captain Halls Embodied in revised statement, p l3t~. tMore properly Battery U, Pennsylvauia Light Artillery Page 172 172 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CuAP. m-~. left, and both batteries poured in upon the enemy a fire that for pre- cision and rapidity could not have been surpassed. Within fifteen minutes the enemys battery was completely silenced, disabled, and driven from the field. The next morning ~ lieutenants of artillery were found dead on the spot occupied the evening before by the enemys battery, with abundant evidence that they had suffered terribly in killed and wounded. Eleven dead horses were piled up within a few rods square, and 8 more were found dead along the road upon which the enemy retreated, together with a disabled caisson. During an interview held under a flag of truce Major-General Stuart, of the Confederate Army, informed General Bayard that the first dis- charge of our battery on the right (Captain Halls) killed the rebel General Winder. Only 2 men were wounded in our batteries, Corpl. Cyrus T. Barker and Private William J. Collamore, both slightly. The former, after being wounded, refused to go to the rear~ but assisted in working his gun until the close of the action. The vigorous and well-directed fire from Captains Halls and Thomp- sons batteries discouraged the enemy and drove him back in confusion, ending the contest. The steadiness and cool courage of the officers and wren of the bat- teries in taking up their position while being shelled by the enemy are worthy of the highest commendation. Yery few, if any of them, had been under fire before, yet they bore themselves with the steadiness of veterans. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, DAVIS TILLSON, Major and Chiof of Artillery, Third Army Corps. Capt. JOHN W. WILLIAMS Assistant Adjutant- General, Ricketts Division. No. 22. Report of Brig. Gen. Abram Duryea, U. S. Army, commanding First Bri gade, Second Division. HDQRS. 1ST BRIG., 2D DIV., 3D ARMY CORPS ARMY OF VA August 14, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that this brigade took up the line of march for the scene of action at Slaughter Mountain on the evening of the 9th instant at 4 oclock p. in., arriving on the field about 7 oclock. When within about 1,000 yards of the enemy he opened upon the column from a battery within a wood with solid shot and shell, causing a panic among the wagon and ambulance drivers~ who turned their horses and fled toward the rear. The troops, however, remained firm, conducting themselves admirably. The shot at this point passed over us, doing little damage. We con- tinued our march along the road until we arrived within 500 yards of the enemy, filing to the right into a corn field. The enemy then poured in a volley, which killed a captain of the Twelfth Massachusetts, who was in close proximity, and wounded 8 or 10 of my command. We progressed in our march under fire until we obtained a support- ing position to Thompsons and Halls batteries. These batteries soo Page 173 XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 17~ after opened a terrific and deadly fire, which closed the conflict for the day. The enemy then took up his line of retreat. The list of casualties in this command has already been reported.* I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, A. DURYEA, Brigadier- General. General RICKETTS, Commanding Second Division. No. 23. Report of Brig. Gem Zealous B. Tower, U~ S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. IIDQRS. 2n BRIG-., 2D DIv., 3D ARMY Coup, ARMY OF VA., August 14, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report, for the information of the general commanding the division, that Saturday, at 5 oclock, in obedience to his orders, my brigade left camp, 2 miles south of Culpeper, ~nd ad- vanced on the Orange Court-House road 3~ miles. At that point the brigade was by direction broken directly to the right, and marched a half mile into position in line of battle in front of the enemys left. After examining the position, two batteries were placed on the hill-slope, where my right had rested, two of my regiments, Twenty-sixth New York Volunteers, Colonel Christian, and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania, Colonel McLean, deployed en potence, supported them on the right hand, and two regiments, Ninetieth Pennsylvania, Colonel Lyle, and Ninety- fourth New York Volunteers, Colonel Root, supported them on the left. Although this position was within musket-range of the enemys left he did not open fire upon us. No orders were given me to commence an attack, and this was probably prudent, as the position of the enemy, his strength, and the nature of the ground he occupied were unknown, and could not be ascertained in the night. At one time I gave orders for opening with the batteries, but hearing that General Carrolls brigade was entering woods on my left countermanded the order, fear- ing that the fire of these batteries might injure our own forces. All the regiments of my command marched promptly to their positions, formed in good order, and were cool and ready for action. Only one soldier of the Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Regiment, commanded by Colonel McLean, was wounded. At 3 oclock a. m. General McDowell gave me orders to withdraw into the woods to the rear of my first position to cover the right of the new line of battle, then being formed to meet the enemy in the morning should he renew the attack. ThIs order was promptly executed. I have no doubt that the firm stand taken by this division, commanded by General Ricketts, and the prompt and accurate fire of the batteries on the left, checked the enemys advance, threw them into confusion, silenced their batteries, and caused the retreat of their right. In the morning I returned to the position occupied by my troops (luring the night in company with General Bayard and his command of cavalry, reconnoitered the enemys position, and hurried the removal of some wounded men from the hospital belonging to General Gordons brigade. * Embodied in revised statement, p. 138 Page 174 174 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. About 7 oclock Sunday morning, the 10th, orders were sent me by General McDowell to move with the brigade to the Madison road to meet the reported advance of the enemy. This order was promptly obeyed. Colonel Christians regiment led, followed by Colonel Lyle, Colonel Root, and Colonel McLean, and two pieces of artillery, a por- tion of General Bayards cavalry in advance. From the reports for- warded by the cavalry I expected to find the enemy near at hand, but it soon became apparent that the enemys numbers had been magnified. Colonel Christians regiment was therefore pushed forward, and two companies of skirmishers thrown oat to the right and left, Colonel Lyle supporting at the cross-roads and the other regiments near at hand. I went forward to the second cross-roads, where was a detachment of cavalry. No enemy in sight. General Bayard was requested by me to send forward his cavalry and scour the country on both roads for the - distance of 1 mile. Having thns advanced nearly 3 miles on the Madi- son road and fouiid no forces of the enemy, by orders from General McDowell my brigade was withdrawn and resumed its position of the morning. It gives me pleasure to state that my men marched rapidly forward when ordered without straggling, and that both officers and men were eager for the fight, cool and determined. - My adjutant-general, Captain Arrowsmith, and my aide, Lieutenant Fessenden, were iiitelligently active, and gave me great assistance in the movements of the regiments. Dr. Cox, my brigade surgeon, was detained in Culpeper to take charge of hospitals, for which he was eminently suited by his experience and skill as a surgeon. The brigade quartermaster, Lieutenant Gerker, and the brigade commissary, Captain Jones, have been very active and at- tentive to their respective duties both while the troops were in camp and during marches, and the surgeons have given great assistance to the wounded of General Banks corps. Dr. Smith, of the Ninety-fourth, and Dr. Steele, of the Twenty-sixth New York Volunteers, were occupied part of the first night in the care of the wounded of General Gordons brigade. Z. B. TOWER, Brigadier-General, Commanding Second Brigade. No. 24. Report of Brig. Gen. George 19. Hartsuff, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. IIDQRS. 3D BRIO~, 2D DIV., 3D ARMY CORPS, ARMY OF VA., August 13, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to state that on the afternoon of the 9th instant I was ordered from the position I had occupied since early morning on the Madison road to move to the front with my brigade, following General Towers. After marching about 2 miles I ordered knapsacks to be unslung and left under a guard from each regiment in a field near the road. Near the battle-field I could move only very slowly, the road being much obstructed by troops and wagons. I halted my command about half a mile in rear of the position I occupied during the night, the road being blocked beyond. Receiving instructions from Captain Williams, division assistan Page 175 Onip. XXTV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 175 adjutant-general, where my command was to be placed, I marched them to it, receiving while going to the position and for some time after arriving there the fire of a battery of the enemy at less than 300 yards. Two of my regiments became temporarily separated from the rest by the confusion ensuing on the unexpected fire, but remained perfectly unbroken, and soon after joined me. I first took position in close column by division about 250 yards in rear of the center of General Towers line, and when the fire of the enemys battery was directed toward my position I moved my brigade a few yards beyond the crest of a hill, which sheltered them from the fire, and changed my direction so as to face the fire. In this position I remained until 3.30 a. in., when by General McDowells directions I moved about half a mile to the rear. A list of the casualties from the enemys fire was sent to division headquarters to-day, of which the following is a summary: Two killed, 11 wounded, 4 missing. Total, 17. Officers and men behaved under the unexpected and close fire with very commendable coolness; ranks were unbroken, and there was no confusion. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. L. IIAItTSUFF, Brigadier- General. Captain WILLIAMS, Assistant Adijutant- General. No. 25. Report of Ool. Samuel S. Garroll, Eighth Ohio Infantry, commanding Fourth Brigade. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIGADE, August 13, 1862. SIR: In compliance with a circular from division headquarters of this date I have the honor to make the following report: The Fourth Brigade was on the evening of the 9th instant, between the hours of 9 and 10 p. in., in line of battle on the left of the division of artillery. The position was barely taken, and skirmishers were being thrown into the woods on our front, when the enemy opened a battery on the left of our front about 50 yards distant, throwing grape and canister into that flank, accompanied with musketry firing. The two regiments on the left flank returned the fire, and fell back under cover of a fence running perpendicular to the line of battle, intersecting it at the center of the brigade. We remained in this position only a few minutes, until ordered by Major-General McDowell to occupy a new position more to the right, after which there was no further attack made upon us, and we remained quiet until morning. Yesterday .[ forwarded to division headquarters a list of the killed, wounded, and missing,* and to-day the brigade surgeon has sent in his report to the medical director of the division. Sir, I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. S. CARROLL, U. S. A., C~ommanding Fourth Brigade. Capt. JOHN W. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-Genreral. Embodied in revised statement, p. 139 Page 176 176 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. ICIIAP. XX1Y. No. 26. Report of General Robert IL Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Army of Northern Virginia. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, April 18, 1863. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General, C. ~ Army, Richmond, Va.: GENERAL: I respectfully submit herewith my report of the opera- tions of this army from the battles before Richmond * to and including the battle of Cedar Mountain. The accompanying documents com- prising reports of subordinate commanders, & c., are designated in the schedule attached to my report. I have the honor to be, with much respect, your obedient servant, R. E. LEE, General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, April 18, 1863. GENERAL: After the retreat of General McClellan to Westover his army remained inactive for about a month. His front was closely watched by a brigade of cavalry and preparations made to resist a renewal of his attempt upon Richmond from his new base. In the mean time another Federal army, under Major-General Pope, advanced southward from Washington and crossed the Rappahannock, as if to seize Gordonsville and move thence upon Richmond. The enemy also appeared in force at Fredericksburg and threatened the railroad from Gordonsville to Richmond, apparently for the purpose of co-op- erating with the movements of General Pope. To meet the advance of the latter and restrain, as far as possible, the atrocities which he threat- ened to I)erpetrate upon our defenseless citizens, General Jackson, with his owm and Ewells division, was ordered to proceed toward Gordons- yule on July 13. Upon reaching that vicinity lie ascertained that the force under General Pope was superior to his own, but the uncertainty that then surrounded the designs of General McClellan rendered it in- expedient to re-enforce him from the army at Richmond. He was directed to observe the enemys movements closely, to avail himself of any opportunity to attack that might arise, and assistance was prom- ised should the progress of General Pope put it in our power to strike an efThctual blow without withdrawing the troops too long from the de- fense of the capital. The army at Westover continuing to manifest no intention of resuming active operations, and General Pones advance having reached the Rapidan, General A. P. Hill, with his division, was ordered on July 27 to join General Jackson. At the same time, in order to keep McClellan stationary, or if possible to cause him to withdraw, General D. H. Hill, commanding south of James River, was directed to threaten his communications by seizing favorable posi- tions below Westover from which to attack the transports in the river. That officer selected Coggins Point, opposite Westover, and the con- duct of the expedition was committed to Brigadier-General French. On the night of the 31st General French, accompanied by Brigadier- * Inclosures relating to operations before Richmond appear in Series I, Vol. XI Page 177 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 177 General Pendleton, chief of artillery, placed forty-three guns in posi- tion within range of the enemys shipping in the river and of the camps on the north side, upon both of which fire was opened, causing conster- nation and inflicting serious damage. The guns were withdrawn before daybreak, with the loss of 1 killed and 2 wounded by the gunboats and batteries ofthe enemy. This attack caused General McClellan to send a strong force to the south bank of the river, which intrenched itself on Coggins Point. In the latter part of July the enemy~s cavalry from Frederickshurg attempted to cut Jacksons communications by destroying the Central Railroad at Beaver Dam. This force did no serious damage, but to prevent the repetition of the att~mpt and to ascertaimi the strength and designs of the enemy General Stuart was directed to proceed from Hanover Court-House, where he was posted, toward Fredericksburg. His progress was delayed by high water until August 4, when he ad- vanced, with Fitzhugh Lees brigade and the Stuart Horse Artillery, upon Port Royal. Arriving at that place on the 5th without opposi- tion, he proceeded in the direction of Fredericksburg, and the next day came into the Telegraph road at Massaponax Church just after two brigades of the enemy had passed that point on the way to the Central Railroad. His vigorous attack caused the expedition to return in haste to Fredericksburg, and General Stuart retired with a loss of only 2 nien, bringing oft 85 prisoners, and a imumber of horses, wagons, and arms. No further attempt was made upon the railroad. On August 5 our cavalry reported that the enemy had advanced in large force from Westover to Malvern Hill, and the next day the divis- ions of Generals Longstreet and McLaws and that commanded by Gen- eral Ripley were moved down to the Long Bridge road. The enemy was found occupying the ground on which the action of July 1 was fought, and seemed ready to deliver battle in as great force as oii that day. McLaws and Ripleys divisions, re-enforced by ID. R. Jones division, formed our left; Longstreet the right. The heat was intense, and the progress of the troops necessarily slow. Before the road was cleared of the enemys pickets and his line of battle disclosed the sun had almost set. Orders were given for our left wiling to advance to Willis Church, threatening the communication with Westover by ex- tending well to the left, while two brigades of Longstreets division were directed to advance upon Malvern Hill and drive in the enemy on Curls Neck. The latter operation was handsomely executed by General Evans with his own and Cobbs brigade, forcing the enemy back to his guns on Malvern Hill. The next morning, upon advancing, it was found that he had with- drawn during the night and retired to Westover. Our pickets were re-established, and troops returned to their former positions. This ex- pedition, which was the last undertaken by General McClellan on James River, was attended with small loss on either side. General Hampton, with his brigade of cavalry, kept the enemy closely confined within his lines until his final withdrawal. BATTLE OF CEDAR RUN. While the main body of the army awaited the development of Mc- Clellans intentions, General Jackson, now re-enforced by A. P. Hill, determined to assume the offensive against General Pope, whose army, still superior in numbers, lay north of the Rapidan, 12 R UVOL X1I~ PT i Page 178 178 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. ~CllAP. XXIV. On August 2 Col. (now Brig. Gen.) W. IE. Jones, with the Seventh Virginia Cavalry, of Robertsons brigade, was sent to take charge of the outposts on the Rapidan. Arriving near Orange Court-House, he found it occupied by a large cavalry force, which by a bold and vigor- ous charge he drove from the town. The enemy rallied, and Colonel Jones was in turn compelled to fall back before superior numbers to the place where the engagement began. The enemy soon after with- drew. Learning that only a portion of General Popes army was at Cul- peper Court-House, General Jackson resolved to attack it before the arrival of the remainder, and on August 7 moved from Gordonsville for that purpose. The next day the Federal cavalry on the north side of the Rapidan was driven back by General Robertson, and on the 9th Jacksons com- mand arrived within 8 miles of Culpeper Court-House, when the enemy was found near Cedar Run a short distatice northwest of Slaughter Mountain. Earlys brigade, of Ewells division, was thrown forward on the road to Culpeper Court-House; the remaining two brigades those of Trimble and Hays, the latter under Colonel Fornodiverging to the right, to position on the western slope of Slaughter Mountain. Jacksons own division, nnder Brigadier-General Winder, was placed on the left of the road; Campbells brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Garnett commanding, being on the left; Taliaferros parallel to the road, sup- porting the batteries, and Winders own brigade5 under Colonel Ronald, in reserve. Lawtons brigade, having been detached by General Jack- ~oii to guard the train, was prevented from taking l)art in the engage- ment. The battle opened with a fierce lire of artillery, which continued for about two hours, during which Brig. Gen. Charles S. Winder, while directing the movements of his batteries, received a wound from the effects of which he expired in a few hours. I can add nothing to the well-deserved tribute paid to the courage, capacity, and conspicuous merit of this lamented officer by General Jackson, in whose brilliant campaign in the valley and on the Chickahoininy he bore a distinguished part. The enemys infantry advanced about 5 p. m. and attacked General Early in front, while another body, concealed by the irregularity of the ground, moved upon his right. Thomas brigade, of A. P. Hills divis- ion, which had now ari-ived, was sent to his snpport, and the contest soon became animated. In the mean time the main body of the Federal infantry, under cover of a wood and the undulations of the field, gained the left of Jacksons division, now commanded by Brigadier-General Taliaferro, and poured a destructive fire into its flank and rear. Cain pbells bi-igade fell back in confusion, exposing the flank of Taliaferro, which also gave way, as did the left of Earlys. The rest of his brigade, however, firmly held its gi-ound. Winders brigade, with Branchs, of A. P. Hills division, on its right, advanced promptly to the support of Jacksons division, and after a sanguinary struggle the enemy was reptdsed with loss. Penders and Archers brigades, also of Hills division, came up on the left of Winders, and by a general charge the enemy was driven back in confusion, leaving the ground covered with his dead and wounded. General Ewell, with the two brigades on the extreme right, had been prevented from advancing by the fire of our own artillery, which swept his approach to the enemys left. This obstacle being now removed, he pressed forward under a. hot fire and came gallantly into action Page 179 CHAP. XXIV.I CEDAR MOUNTAIN, YA. 179 Repulsed and vigorously followed on our left and center, and now hotly pressed on our right, the enemy gave way, and his whole line was soon in full retreat. Night had now set in, but General Jackson, desiring to enter Culpeper Court-House before morning, determined to pursue. Hills division led the advance, but owing to the darkness it was compelled to move slowly and with caution. The enemy was found about 1~ miles in rear of the field of battle, and information was received that re-enforcements had arrive(l. General Jackson thereupon halted for the night, and the next day, becoming satisfied that the en- emy~s strength had been so largely increased as to render a farther advance on his part imprudent, se his wounded to the rear, and l)roceeded to bury the dead and collect the arms from the battle-field. On the 11th the enemy asked and received permission to bury those of his dead not already interred. General Jackson remained in position dnring the day, and at night returned to the vicinity of Gordonsville. In this engagement 400 prisoners, including a brigadier-general, were ca.l)tnred, a.ll(l 5,300 stand of small-arms, 1 piece of artillery, several caissons, and 3 colors fell into our hands. Our casualties will appear from the report of the medical director. For a more detailed account of the action reference must be made to the clear report of General Jackson, herewith transmitted, and the accon1~)anying reports of his officers. The conduct of his troops is comuiended in terms of well-deserved praise by their distinguished leader, and the success achieved was worthy of the skillful management and bold and vigorous execution of the entire enterprise. Respectfully submitted. General S. COOPER, li. E. LEE, General. Adjutant and Inspector General, C. S. Army, Richmond, Va. No. 27. Report of Sury. Lafayette Guild, C. S. Army, Medical Director, of the killed and wounded. Command. a 0 JACKSONS DIVISION. Winders brigade: Od virginia. - 1 7 8 4th virginia 6 9 5th Vir~nia. 3 20 23 27th Virginia 3 35d Virginia 15 15 Batteries Jones brigade: 21st Virginia 37 85 122 42d Virginia 36 71 107 48th Virginia.. 18 44 62 1st Virginia Battalion. 10 10 1 aliaferros brigade: 10th Virginia -- -. 6 37 43 23d Virginia 3 15 18 37th Virginia. - - - ~ 76 88 47th Alabama 12 76 88 48th Alabama 12 61 7 Page 180 180 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. fOHAP. XX1V. Report of Surg. Lafayette Guild, C. S. Army, Medical Director, of the killed and woundedContinued. Command. 0 ~ 0 JACKSONS DivisionContinued. Starkes brigade: 2d Louisiana 5 5 9th Louisiana 2 4 6 10th Louisiana 2 5 7 15th Lonisiaaa 2 2 14th Louisiana 1 3 4 5th Louisiana 1 9 10 liampden Artillery 2 2 Ashbys brigade: 7th Virginia Cavalry 16 16 17th Virginia Battalion 1 2 3 Major Andrews, chief of artillery 1 1 EWELLS Division. E ailys brigade: 13th Virginia 2 32 34 25th Virginia - 1 24 25 31st Virginia 3 17 20 52d Virginia 3 10 13 58th Virginia 2 28 30 Trimbles brigade: 12th Georgia 7 3~ 40 21st North Carolina 2 2 15th Alabama ~ A. P. HiLLs Division. Branchs brigade: 33d North Carolina 6 30 36 7th North Carolina 1 1 2 28th North Carolina 3 26 29 37th North Carolina 2 13 15 18th North Carolina 1 13 14 Archers brigade: 1st Tennessee 4 20 24 7th Tennessee 4 30 34 14th Tennessee 3 31 34 5th Alabama Battalion 1 8 9 Thomas brigade: 19th Georgia 4 27 31 45th Georgia 7 41 48 49th Georgia 9 41 50 14th Georgia... 4 24 28 Fields brigade: 55th Virginia 2 2 40th Virginia ~ 2d [22d j Virginia Battalion 7 7 Purcell Artillery 2 12 14 Total 229 1,047 1,276 L. CTUILD, Medical Director. No. 28. Reports of ]lIaJ. Gem Thomas J. Jackson, 6. S. Army, commanding Valley District, with congratulations from General R. E. Lee. NEAR LOCUST DALE, August 9, 1862. GENERAL: I am not making much progress. The enemys cavalry yesterday and last night also threatened my train. Eight of their nllmber, including 3 officers, were captured by Colonel Flournoy yes. terday. None were captnred last night so far as heard Page 181 OHX~XX1~fl CI~DAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 181 Hill (A. P.), though at Orange Court-House yesterday morning, hay- ing eiicamped in a mile of the town on the other side last , reported night that he was not more than a mile on this side, thus making only 2 miles yesterday. Ewells division, which is near this point (12 miles from Culpeper Court-House) and in front, m arched about 8 miles. Yesterday was oppressively hot; several men had sun-strokes. Hills division is too large; I will reduce it by at least the Louisiana Brigade. To-day I do not expect much more than to close up and clear the coun- try around the train 01 the enemys cavalry. I fear that the expedition will, in con sequence of my tardy movements, be productive of but little good. My plan was to have been at Culpeper Court-House this fore- noon. Should I learn that Burnside has gone in the direction of Rich- mond I will try to cut him oIL Scouts were sent out yesterday to ascertain. Orders have been given that Popes officers captured yes- teiday 1)e kept in close xnfinement. Bayard comni? aded the enemys cavalry yesterday. fle made a short stand, but finally abandoned his camp, leaving some~ stores (quartermasters, commissary, and ordn amice) behind. The enemys infantry, from reports brought in last night, is about 5 miles in front; his cavalry near ours. I am, general, your obedient servant, T. ~ JACKSON, Major- General. General IR. E. LEE. HDQRS. SECOND CORPS, ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, April 4, 1863. Brig. Gen. IR. H. CHILTON, A.A.andL U., Hdqrs. Army of Northern Virginia: GENERAL: I forward herewith my official report of the battle of Cedar Run and accompanying reports of other officers. I am, general, your obedient servant, T. J. JACKSON. [Inclosure.l HDQRS. SECOND CoRps, ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, April 4, 1863. GENERAL: I have the honor herewith to submit to you a report of the operations of my counnand in the battle of Cedar Run, on August 9, 18t2: Intelligence having reached the commanding general that Gordons- yUle was endangered by the approach of the enemy, I was ordered to move in that direction with Ewells and Jacksons divisions from my l)osition on the Mechanicsville turnpike, near Richmond. I arrived near Gordonsville on July 19. From information received respecting the strength of the opposing Federal army, under Gei5eral Pope, I re- quested the commanding general to re-enforce me. He accordingly sent forward MaJ. Gen. A. P. Hill, with his division. On August 2, while Col. (now Brig. Gen.) W. E. Jones, by direction of Brigadier-General Robertson, was moving with the Seventh Yirg~inia Cavalry to take charge of picket posts on the Rapidan, he received intelligence before he reached Orange Court-House that th~ enemy was in possession of the town. Finding the main street filled wit Page 182 182 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA, AND MD. rOITAr. ~CXIV. Federal cavalry, Colonel Jones boldly charged the head of the Federal column, while its hank was attached by another portioui of the regi- ment, under Major Marshall. Both attacks were successful, and the enemy was hastily driveui from the town; but as our cavalry was vastly outnumbered it was soon after forced to fall back, in conse- quence of the enemys greatly superior force in front and the fire from his flanking parties. Upon Colonel Jones subsequent show of resist- ance, near where the engagement commenced, the enemy retired a short distance, and about an hour afterward retreated. While Colonel Jones was gallantly leading his men in the charge he received a saber wound. J regret to say that during the engagement Major Marshall \va S captured. Ha ving received information that only part of O~eneral Popes army was at Culpeper Conrt-House, and hoping, through the blessing of Providence to be able to defeat it before re-enforcements should arrive there, Ew elis, Hills, and Jacksons divisions were moved on the 7th in the direction of the enemy from their respective encampments near Gordon sville. On the morning of the 8th the enemys cavalry north of the IRapidan was driven back by ours, under Brigadier-General IRobertson. Our cavalry l)nrsned the enemys on the direct road from Barnetts Ford to Culpeper Court-House and was followed by the other troops, Ewells division leading. As the Federal cavalry subsequently displayed un- usual activity, and, from reports received by me, was seriously endan- gering the train of Jacksons division, I directed General Lawton to guard it with his brigade. He was thus thrown in rear of the division and prevented from taking part in the battle of the following day. On the 9th, as we arrived within about 8 muiles of Culpeper Court- House, we found the enemy in our front, near Cedar Hun, and a short distance west and north of Slaughter Mountain. When first seen his cavalry in large force occupied a ridge to the right of the road. A bat- tery under Lieutenant Terry opened upon the cavalry, which soon forced it to retire. Our fire was responded to by some guns beyond tIme ridge from which the Federal advance had just been driven. Soon after this the enemys cavalry returned to the l)osition where it was first seen. General Early was ordered forward, keeping near the Culpeper road, while General Ewell, with his two remaimming brigadesTriumbles and Hays, the latter comumanded by Colonel Fornodiverged from the road to the right, advancing along the western slope of Slaughter Mountain. General Early, forming his brigade in line of battle, muoved into the open field, auxi passing a short distance to the right of the road, but parallel to it, pushed forward, driving the Federal cavalry before him to time crest of a hill which overlooked the ground between his troops and the oppo- site hill, along which time enemys batteries were posted. Jim his front the - conutry was for some distance open and broken. A corn field, and to the left of it a wheat field, upon which the shocks were yet standing, extended to time ol)posite hill, which was covered with timber. So soon as Early reached the eminence described the Federal batteries were opened upon him. Large bodies of cavalry were seen in the wheat field to the left. General Early having retired his troops under tIme protection of the hill, Captain Brown, with one l)iece, ammd Captain i)ement, with three pieces, of artillery planted their guns in advance of his right and opened a rafild and well-directed fire upon the Federal batteries. By this time General Winder. with Jacksons divisiomm, had arrived, and alter having disposed Campbells brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Garmmett commanding, to the left, under cover of the wood, near th& wheat field; Taliaferro Page 183 CsAP. XXIV.] OEDAII MOUNTAIN, VA. 183 brigade parallel to the road, in rear of the batteries of Poague, Car- penter, and Caskie, then being placed near the road, under the direc- tion of Major Andrews, chief of artillery of the division, and Winders brioade, Colonel Ronald commanding, as a reserve, ho was proceed- ing to direct, with his usual skill and coolness, the movements of these batteries, when he was struck by a shell, frum which he expired in a few hours. It is difficult within the proper reserve of an official report to do justice to the merits of this accomplished officer. Urged by the med- ical director to take no part in the movements of the day becanse of the then enfeebled state of his health, his ardent patriotism and mili- tary pride could bear no such restraint. Richly endowed with those qualities of mind and person which fit an officer for command and which attract the admiration and excite the enthnsiasm of troops, he was rapidly rising to the front rank of his profession. His loss has been severely felt. The command of Jacksons division now devolved upon Brig. Gen. \Villiani B. Taliaferro, whose brigade during the remainder of the action was commanded by Col. A. G. Taliaferro. In the mean time General Ewell, with the brigades of Trimble and Hays, reached the northwest termination of Slaughter Mountain, and ii pon an elevated spot, about 200 feet above the valley below, had l)lanted Latimers guns, which opened with marked effect npou the enemys batteries. For some two hours a rapid and continuous fire of artillery was kept up on both sides. Our batteries were well served and damaged the enemy seriously. Especial credit is due to Major Andrews for the success and gallantry with which his guns were directed until he was severely wounded and taken from the field. About 5 oclock the enemy threw forward his skirmishers through the corn field and advanced his infantry, until then concealed in the woods, to the rear and left of his batteries. Another body of infantry, apparently debouching from one of those valleys hid from the view by the undulating character of the country, moved upon Early~s right, which rested near a clump of cedars, where the guns of Brown and Dement were posted. The infantry fight soon extended to the left and center. Early became warmly engaged with the enemy on his right and front. He had previously called for re-enforcements. As General Hill had arrived with his division, one of his brigades (General Thomas) was sent to Early, and joined him in time to render efficient service. While the attack upon Early was in prooress the main body of the Federal infantry moved down from the wood through the corn and wheat fields, and fell with great vigor upon our extreme left, and by the force of superior numbers, bearing down all opposition, turned it and poured a destructive fire into its rear. Campbeil~s brigade fell back in disorder. The enemy pushing forward, and the left flank of Taliaferros brigade being by these movements exposed to a flank fire, fell back, as did also the left of Earlys line, the remainder of his coin- mand holding its position with great firmness. During the advance of the enemy the rear of the guns of Jacksons division becoming expOse(l they were withdrawn. At this critical moment Branchs bri- gade, of Hills division, with Winders brigade, farther to the left, umet the Fe(leral forces, flushed with their temporary triumph, and drove them back with terrible slaughter through the wood. The fight was still maintained with obstinacy between the enemy and the two brigades just named, when Archer and I~ender coming up, a general charge was made, which (trove the enemy across the field into The ol)posite wood Page 184 184 OPE1~ATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. strewing the narrow valley with their dead. In this charge Archers brigade was subjected to a heavy fire. At this time the Federal cav- alry charged upon Taliaferros brigade with impetuous valor, but were met with such determined resistance by Taliaferros brigade in its front, and by so galling a fire from Branchs brigade in flank, that it was forced rapidly from the field with loss and in disorder. In the mean time General Ewell, on the right, found himself kept back from advancing by the incessant fire from our batteries in the valley, which swept his only approach to the enemys left. This diffi- culty no longer existing, he moved with his two brigades (Trimble in the advance) and pressed forward under a heavy fire from the enemys artillery, the front covered by skirmishers from the Fifteenth Alabama, and the brigades advancing en Jchelon of regiments. Thus repulsed from our left and center, and now pressed by our right, center, and left, the Federal force fell back at every point of their line and com- menced retreating, leaving their dead and wounded on the field of battle. Though late, I was so desirous of reaching Culpeper Court-House before morning as to induce me to pursue. The advance was accord- ingly ordered, General Hill, with his division, leading ; but owing to the darkness of the night it was necessary to move cautiously. Staf- fords brigade, which was in front, captured some prisoners. Before we had probably advanced more than 1~ miles Farrow, my most relia- ble scout, reported to me that the enemy was but a few hundred yards from our advance. Pegrams battery, supported by Fields brigade, soon took position just beyond the wood through which we had passed and opened upon the enemy. This well-directed and unexpected fire produced munch disorder and confusion among that portion of the Fed- eral troops. Three batteries were, however, soon ol)cned in reply, and a heavy cannonade was continued for some time, causing Captain Fe- gram severe loss and silencing him. In the mean time Colonel Jones, with the Seventh Yirginia Cavalry, had passed to our right and front. He succeeded in capturing some prisoners, one of whom reported that Federal re-enforcements had ar- rived. Believing it imprudent to continue to move forward during the darkness, I ordered a halt for the night. On the following morning (10th), having reason to believe that the Federal Army had been so largely re-enforced as to render it imprudent for me to attempt to advance farther directions were given for send- ing the wounded to the rear, for burying the dead, and collecting arms from the battle-field. In the course of the same morning General J. E. B. Stuart arrived on a tour of inspection. At my request he took command of the cavalry, and made a reconnaissance, for the purpose of gaining information respectin g the numbers and movements of the enemy. From his report, as well as from other sources of information, I was confirmed in my opinion that the heavy forces concentrated in front rendered it unwise on my part to renew the action. The main body of my troops were, however, so posted as to receive the attack if the enemy decided to advance. On the 11th a flag of truce was received from the enemy, who re- quested permission until 2 oclock to remove and bury his dead not al- ready interred by our troGps. This was granted, and the time subse- quently extended, by request of the enemy, to 5 oclock in the evening. We captured some 400 prisoners, and am~moi~g them Brigadicr-Gcneral Prince; 5,302 small- army one 12-poiirmdcr iNapoleon ammd its caisson, with 2 other caissons and a limber, and 3 colors by Winders brigade Page 185 CHAP. XXIV~.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 185 one being from the Fifth Connecticut and another from the Twenty- eighth New York. The official reports of the casualties of my command in this battle show a loss of 19 officers killed and 114 wounded, of non-commissioned officers and privates 204 killed and 946 wounded, with 31 missing, making 223 killed and 1,060 wounded; total loss of killed, wounded, and missing, 1,314. This loss was probably about one-half that sus- tained by the enemy. I remained in position until the night of the 11th, when I returned to the vicinity of Gordonsville, in order to avoid being attacked by the vastly superior force in front of me, and with the hope that by thus falling back General Pope would be induced to follow me until I should be re-enforced. The conduct of officers and men during the battle merits great praise. My chief of artillery, Col. S. Crutchfield, ably discharged his duties. In the prompt trausmnission of orders great assistance was received from i\Jaj. E. F. Paxton, acting assistant adjutant-general; Capt. A. S. Pendleton, assistant adjutant-general; First Lieut. J. K. Boswell, chief engineer; First Lient. J. G. Morrison, aide-de-camp; First Lieut. H. K. Douglas, acting inspector-general; First Lieut. Thomas T. L. Snead, of the engineer corps, and Cols. William L. Jackson and A. H. Boteler, volunteer aides-dc-camp. The wounded received special attention from my medical director, Dr. Hunter McGuire. The quartermasters and commissary departments were well managed (luring the expedition by their respective chiefs, Majs. J. A. Harman and W. J. Hawks. For further information respecting the detailed movement of troops and conduct of individual officers .and men I would respectfully call your attention to the accompanying official reports of other officers. Two maps,* by Mr. J. Hotchkissone of the route of the army during the expedition and the other of the battle-fieldare transmitted here- with. In order to render thanks to God for the victory at Cedar Run and other past victories and to implore His continued favor in the future divine service was held in tbe army on August 14. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. J. JACKSON, Lieutenant- General. Brig. Gen. H. II. CHILTON, A.A.andLG., Hdqrs. Dept. of Northern Virginia. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, August 12, 1862. Maj. Gen. THOMAS J. JACKSON, Commanding Valley District: GENERAL: I congratulate you most heartily on the victory which God has granted you over our enemies at Cedar IRan. The country owes you and your brave officers and soldiers a deep debt of gratitude. I hope your victory is but the precursor of ethers over our foe in that quarter, which will entire~r break up and scatter his army. I mourn with you the loss of many gallant officers and ineu~ and chief among *Not found Page 186 186 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. them that noble and accomplished officer and patriot General C. S. Winder. I am, most respectfully, your obedient servant, li. E. LEE, General. No. 29. Report of Vol. S. Crutckfteld, C. S. Army, Chief of Artillery. HEADQUARTERS ARTILLERY SECOND CORPS, March 14, 1863. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken bythe artillery of this army corps in the battle of Cedar Run of August 9, 1862: The road on which we advanced debouched from a piece of woods upon the immediate battle-field, which was open and somewhat broken, a brook running across it and the prolongation of the road, and making a small angle with our general line of battle. The advance of our troops was the division of Brig. Geit. C. S. Winder, and its artillery became first engaged. The enemys batteries occupied rising ground to the right and beyond the mouth of the road, while his infantry extended from these batteries toward our left. About 2 p. m. a gun placed at the mouth of the road by Maj. 11. S. Andrews, command- lug the artillery of General Winders division, opened on the enemy (his cavalry skirmishers and outposts had been previously driven in by Brigadier-General Earlys brig~1e, which was just to the right of this point). The reply was immediate, and from this time the enemy kept up a sharp fire at this point as one near which our troops an(l batteries must pass in taking position. I found that to the right and front some 2~O yards were rises in the ground favorable for positions for artillery. 1 therefore directed Major Andrews to move forward his rifled guns to these points, He moved out four rifled and one 12- pounder Napoleon; the latter and two rifles were from Captain Poagues battery, and the others from those of Captains Caskie and Carpenter. Their fire was directed against the enemys batteries in order to protect the deployment of our infantry. They were excellently served, and so completely occupied the enemys guns, about twelve in number, I think, that Major Andrews ~)roposed to move one or two smooth-bore batteries farther dowii the road, and endeavor to enfilade the enemy~s position. In trying to do this he was wounded, and the complexion of affairs just after prevented its subsequent execution. Meanwhile the battery of Capta in Latimer, which had moved with Major-General Ewells division, had opened on the enemy from a posi- tion at the base of Slaughter Mountain far to our right, while the bat- teries of Captains Brown and Demnent (the two comprising six guns) had position between the battery of Captain Latiiner and those of Major Andrews. These two batteries were capitally served, and evidently damaged the enemy severely. Thus far the fight had been between the opposing artillery excLusively. At this time the enemys infantry advanced in line of battlethat is, a regimem~ of themthrough a corn field just beyond the brook and in front of Major Andrews guns. Un- able apparently to cross in this formation, they formed column of com- panies for the purpose. Just then Major Andrews turned his gun Page 187 OTIAP. XXIVI CEflA1~ MOUNTAIN, VA. 187 upon them (for it was before he had been wounded), and opening with canister soon broke them. At this time Lieut. Col. iR. L. Walker com- ing up with the artillery of Maj. Gen. A. P. Hills division, I directed him to place four rifled guns on the rising ground to Major Andrews right. He placed them by sectionstwo from Captain Pegrams bat- tery and two from Captain Fleets, the latter under command of Lieu- tenant Hardy. These guns now were formed en echelon, Captain Pegrarn being in advance and to the right, next to him Lieutenant Hardy, while the guns from General Winders division were farther to the left . and something in advance of Lieutenant Hardy, giving an oblique fire across their front. At this moment the enemy~s infautry advanced again in geucral line across the corn field, and Lieutenant~Dolonel Walkers guns were turned on them exclusively. In a short time our infantry on the left of the road was apparently thrown into confusion and gave way. The eneniy advancing, the rear of the guns of General Winders division was exposed, and they were withdrawn by General Jacksons order. At the same time the enemy made a feeble effort to advance through and from tkie corn field, but a well-directed fire of canister from the guns of Captain Pegram and [Lieutenant] Hardy, supported by, I believe, the Thirteenth Virginia Regiment, Col. J. A. Walker, checked them, though their skirmishers got qnite near under cover of the accidents of the ground. The temporary confusion on the left was soon overcome, and in a short time the enemy gave way, and our whole line advancing, the artillery moved along the road, unable to cross the brook in front through the fields. The pursuit continued until, having crossed the second brook, we came upon a large body of woods. It being deemed advisable to shell these before advancing farther, the batteries of Captains Pegram, Fleet, Braxton, and Latham were placed in position under Lieutenant-Colonel Walker some 80 or 100 yards dis- tant, and a heavy fire opened in various directions. After a short time Captain Pegrams battery was ordered forward with an infantry brigade through these woods about a quarter of a mile. It took position just beyond and opened upon what was thought and proved to be the enemys camp. A battery was soon opened in reply, and a heavy can- nonade was the consequence for some time, causing Captain Pegram severe loss. His battery, however, retained its position until next morning, when it was withdrawn. We lost no pieces or caissons, but had two guns dismounted by the enemys fire. We captured one 12- l)ounder Napoleon (spiked) and carriage and caisson, with two other caissons and a limber, all of which were brought off. The gun and cais- son were sent to Richmond, one caisson exchanged into Captain Poagues battery, and the other caisson and limber also sent to Richmond. It is due that I should call especial attention to the gallantry dis- played by 1\Iaj. li. S. Andrews in this action. He ~as severely wounded, and in our withdrawal fell a prisoner into the hands of the enemy. Capt. J. Carpenter, a niost excellent officer, received a wound (from which lie has since died) while fearlessly exposing himself in looking out a position for his battery. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. CRUTCHF1ELD, Golonel and Chief of Artillery, Second Corps. Lient. Col. C. J. FAULKNER, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 188 188 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. MA., AND MD. [Cii~. XXIV~. No. 30. Report of Brig. Con. William B. Taliaferro, C. S. Army, commanding First Division. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, VALLEY ARMY, Camp near Liberty Mills, Va., August 13, 1862. CAPTAIN: By direction of the major-general commanding I have the honor to report the operations of my command on the 9th instant, (lur- ing the engagement near Cedar Itun: On the morning of the 9th instant the First, Second, and Third Bri- gades of this division, under Brig. Gen. C. S. Winder, First Brigade (the Fourth having beeii detailed to protect the train), marched from their encampment near Barnetts Ford of the IRapidan River upon the turnpike road leading in the direction of Culpeper, the division of Major- General Ewell having preceded it the morning previous. After cross- ing the Robertson River and iroceeding some 3 miles we overtook the division of General Ewell and discovered the enemy in front, when our troops were halted to make dispositions to attack them. This division was ordered to attack the enemys right, while the division of General Ewell was ordered to attack him upon the left. On my riding to the front I perceived the efiemys cavalry drawn up on the range of hills near Cedar Run, with a line of vedettes in front, while the hill of the hills in rear and the woods beyond evidently concealed their batteries and infantry. A corn field in front of this position also concealed the movements of the enemy and the undulations of the country made re- connaissances very difficult.. The field batteries of General Ewell were now shelling the enemy, when General Winder ordered the division forward along the turnpike to a point at which the woods on the right of the road terminated. Beyond this point the woods on the left extended to a wheat field, beyond which a dense wood again appeared. On the right of the road from the point of termination of the wood an extensive bare field stretched to the left to a considerable distance and to the front to a corn field. A brigade under General Early, protected by the fall of the hills, occupied the right of this field in line of battle, directly fronting the general line of the enemy, as far as we could make it out. General Winder now ordered the Second Brigade, under Lieutenant. Colonel Garnett, Forty-eighth Virginia, to move forward to the left under cover of the woods to the wheat field, and to extend back to the left along the skirt of woods. He then ordered some pieces of artillery, under the general charge of. MajA. R. Snowden Andrews, chief of artillery for the division, to the point where the bare field com- menced, and ordered the Third Brigade, under my command, to move along up parallel to the road in rear of the batteries and under cover of the wood until the head of the column rested near the rear of the Sec- ond Brigade. The brigade was then faced to the road. The First Brigade (Col. C. A. Ronald, Fourth Virginia Regiment, commanding) was ordered, as I was informed, to move up as a reserve. While these dispositions were being made the troops were snbjected to a heavy discharge of shell and shot from the enemys artillery, thrown mostly at random into the woods. The efibct of our batteries from the point of woods and from a position subsequently taken in the open field to the right was very great, to a great extent silencing the enemy~s guns. After the pieces had been placed in battery at the corner of the woods, and had opened some fifteen minutes upon the enemy, I returned t Page 189 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 189 my brigade, a short distance back in the woods and out of sight of the enemy, to await General Winders orders. I left this brave, generous, and accomplished officer at this point, and was informed a short time afterward that he had been struck by a shell and mortally wounded. I now assnmed command of the division under the disadvantage of being ignorant of the plans of the general, except so far as I could form an opinion from my observation of the dispositions made. I at once rode to the front to acquaint myselr with the position of the Sec- ond Brigade, and reconnoitered the enemys position from the wheat field in front of the First Virginia Battalion, of that brigade. I could discover no evidences of the enemy in front, but could discover them in force on the right of that position in the corn field, somewhat concealed from the view of our troops by the nudulations of the country. I now returned to the position occnpied by our batteries, when I was overtaken by an officer, who reported that the enemy were showing themselves in front of the position I had just left and were advancing. I at once ordered the Tenth Virginia Regiment to be detached from the Third Brigade and sent forward to re-enfore the First Virginia Battal- ion, and sent an order to Colonel Ronald to move his brigade (the First) rapidly to the support of the Second Brigade. I now perceived the eneniy advancing through the corn field, and directed Colonel Garnett to throw his right forward and drive them back, and ordered Colonel Taliaferro to move his brigade into the open field to the right and attack and drive back the enemy in front. The Twenty-first Virginia iRegi- ment, Second Brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Cunningham, poured a de- structive fire upon the enemy amid exhibited a degree of heroic gallantry rarely evei~ witnessed. The Third Brigade advanced iu fine style and the enemy gave way before the severity of its fire. At this moment I discovered that, owing to the fact that the First Brigade had not been moved sufficiently near originally, or that the order had not reached Colonel Ronald in time. the enemy had attacked the left wing of the Second Brigade and turned it, and that it was falling back in some dis- order. This movement exposed also the left flank of the Third Brigade and caused it to fall back, but it was soon afterward brought back to its original position. At this critical moment the First Brigade moved up and, with General Branchs brigade, of General Hills division, en- countered the enemy, confused by their severe conflict with the Second Brigade, and drove them back with terrible slaughter. The Third Bri- gade now advanced to the brow of the hill overlooking the corn field and the Second Brigade to the edge of the woods, and drove the enemy in front of them from their positions in confusion. To cover his retreat the enemys cavalry charged the Third Brigade, bnt they were met by such a storm of missiles that the whole column was turned, wheeled to the right, and before it could be wheeled off to the rear was forced to run the gauntlet of the other brigades and scattered in every direc- tion with heavy loss. This was the last effort of the enemy to make a stand. They retreated and our troops pursued them, capturing a number of prisoners. This division crossed the corn field diagonally toward the woods on the road toward the railroad. Brigadier-General Prince, U. S. Army, was made a prisoner, and surrendered to me as we~ were crossing this field, and his command, which was on onr right and had been, I think, principally engaged with General Earlys brigade, fled upon our approach with scarcely any opposition. We continued to push forward until we had driven the enemy some 3 miles and until the dark- ness rendered it impossible to distinguish our troops from those of th Page 190 190 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. enemy. After having made report of my position to the commanding general I was ordered to permit the troops to rest for the night, which was done in advance of the field of battle. From my own personal observation and the reports of officers it affords me pleasure to bear renewed testimony to the efficiency and gallantry of this veteran division. The First Brigade fully sustained its ancient reputation. It captured a number of prisoners and four stand of colors. Colonel Ronald, who ably and gallantly commanded it, speaks in the highest terms of the support he received from the courage and zeal displayed by his officers and men. He particularly mentions Major Williams, Fifth Virginia Regiment; Lieut. Col. Lawson Botts, Second Virginia Regiment; Lient. Col. R. ID. Gardner, Fourth Virginia Regiment; Lient. Col. Edwin G. Lee, Thirty-third Virginia Regiment; Capt. Charles L. Haynes, Twenty- seventh Virginia Regiment; Captains Carpenter and Poague, command- ing batteries; Capt. John II. Fulton, Fourth Virginia; Major ~Iolliday, Thirty-third Virginia, and Lieutenant Garuett, of General Winders stalL The Second Brigadecommanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Garnett, who exhibited a rare skill and courage, refusing to leave the field, although severely [wounded], until the close of the fightalthough at one time overwhelmed by superior numbers, pressing and turning their left flank, yet renewed the fight with determination and bravery. The conflict of this command with the enemy was most severe. The bay- onet was freely used and a hand-to-hand fight with superior numbers ensued before the right of ~he brigade fell back. Colonel Garnett makes especial mention of Lieutenant-C?Aonel Cun- ningham, who with most heroic gallantry led the Twenty-first Vir- ginia and fell at their head; of Major Lane, of the Forty-second Vir- ginia, who was mortally wounded; of Major Seddon, commanding First Virginia Battalion; Captain Hannum, of the Forty.eighth Virginia; Captain Deycrle, Forty- second, mortally won uded; Captaiu Wilson, assistant adjutant-general; Lieutenant Dabney, aide-de.camp, and Lieutenant White acting aide-de-camp. The Third Brigade, Col. A. G. Taliaferro, Twenty-third Virginia, commanding, was conducted into action by that officer with the intre- pidity and courage which have heretofore distinguished him. flis com- mand was subjected to a terrific fire, which it gallantly withstood and to a charge of cavalry, which it instantly repulsed, and when the left flank for a time gave way under an overwhelming force the right, and particularly the Twenty-third Virginia Regiment, which deserves espe- cial mention for its firmness and admirable conduct in the engagement, remained unbroken. Colonel Taliaferro particularly mentions Major Stover, commanding Tenth Virginia Regiment; Lieutenant-Colonel Curtis, comm udiug Twenty-third Virginia, who fell mortally wounded; Major Walton, Twenty-third Virginia; Col. T. V. Williams, of the Thirty-seventh Virginia, who was wounded; Major Wood, Thirty-seventh Virginia; Lieutenant-Colonel Jackson, of the Forty-seventh Alabama Regiment;. Colonel Sheffield, of the Forty-eighth Alabama Regiment, who was severely wounded; Major Alidridge, Forty-eighth Alabama Regiment, who was severely wounded, and of his assistant adjutant-general, Lient. W. F. Coleman. The batteries of the division engaged in this action were those of Cap- tains Carpenter, Poague, and Caskie. The officers and men of these batteries behaved well. Captain Caskie was wounded. Captain Wood Page 191 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 191 ings battery was not engaged. He himself acted for a time with the general commanding. I have the honor to inclose herewith the reports of brigade, regi- mental, and battery commanders, to which the major-general corn- itianding is referred for more minute detail, and a list* of killed and wounded of this division. No one can estimate the loss his brigade, this division, the army has sustained in the early fall of Brigadier-General Winder. He was warmly beloved by all who knew him as a man and had the full con- Ildence of his command as a soldier. I beg leave, in conclusion, to allude to the gallantry of Maj. iR. Snow- den Andrews, chief of artillery, who was severely, and I fear mortally, wounded; to that of my adjutant-general, Capt. William B. Pendleton, who was severely wounded, losing his leg; to Lieutenant Meade, aide- de-camp; of Maj. W. T. Taliaferro, volunteer aide-dc-camp, who ren- dered me most efficient and important service and to speak particularly of the gallant conduct of my orderly, a youth of sixteen, Private Clinton Depriest, Company II, Twenty-third Virginia iRegiment. It affords me pleasnre to mention the efficient service in their depart- ment of the medical officers of the command. I beg to refer especially to Surgeon Coleman, Second Brigade; Surgeon Daily, Third Brigade, and Surgeon Black, First Brigade. I have the honor to be, very respectfully. your obedient servant, WM. B. TALIAFERRO, Brig. Gen., C. S. Army, Comdg. First Division, Valley Army. Capt. A. S. PENDLETON, - Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 31. Report of Gol. Charles A. Ronald, Fourth Virginia Infantry, command ing First Brigade. HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., VIRGINIA VOLS., VALLEY DISTRICT, August 15, 1862. SIR: Before the brigade became engaged in the battle of Cedar Run, on Saturday, the 9th, Brig. Gen. Charles S. Winder was mortally wounded, whereupon the command devolved on me. In obedience to your order, therefore, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the First Brigade in the battle of Cedar Run, Cul- peper County, on the 9th instant: The following regiments constitute the brigade: The Fifth, Second, Fourth, Thirty-third, and Twenty-seventh Virginia, commanded on this occasion as ft)llows: The Fifth by Major Williams, the Second by Lient. Col. Lawson Botts, the Fourth by Lient. Col. IR. D. Gardner, the Thirty- third by Licut. Col. Edwin G. Lee, and the Twenty-seventh by Capt. Charles L. ilaynes. Captains Carpenters and Poagues batteries are attached. The brigade bivouacked on the night of the 8th in Madison County on the road leading to Culpeper Court-House and about 1 mile from Madison Mills, on the IRapidan River. Embodied in No. 27 Page 192 192 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., XV. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. On the morning of the 9th the brigade took up the line of march in the direction of Culpeper Court-House. The march was frequently .15 p. In. interrupted from causes unknown to me at the time and at 3 the brigade was halted in the woods a short distance to the left of the rOad. At this time cannonading was going on in front. Here several Parrott guns from Captains Poagues and Carpenters batteries were ordered to the front; these were posted in the road so as to enfilade the enemys batteries then engaging our batteries on the right. Ge~ieral Winder was in front, directing with great ability and judgment the movements of the batteries. These batteries in a short time succeeded in driving the enemys guns from their chosen position, after which Captains Poague apd Carpenter were directed to take position in a corn field on the right of the road, when they opened a rapid fire upon the enemys guns and soon silenced several of them. Shortly after this General Winder was mortally wounded and borne from the field, the brigade still resting where it was halted at 3.15 oclock. A little after 1 p. m. I was ordered to put the brigade in line of battle perpendicular to the road and move forward, the line having been arranged in the following order, viz: Twenty-seventh on the right, the Thirty-third on the left of the Twenty-seventh, Fifth left of the Thirty- third, Second left of the Fifth, and the Fourth left of the Second. I moved forward through the woods, but in a few minutes I was ordered to put the brigade in column of regiments, which order was executed promptly; but before advancing the column I was ordered to deploy the column and advance in line of battle, letting the right rest about 100 yards from the road. The line of battle being thus re-established, I moved forward through the woods -under a heavy fire of spherical case and canister shot from the enemys guns. Arriving at a fence that partly inclosed an open field I halted the brigade and sent Capt. John H. Fulton, acting aide, to inform General Taliaferro of my position and to receive his order. Captain Fulton returned, stating that the general directed me to move on. I put the brigade in motion and rode some 200 yards in advance in order to gain the top of the hill, from which I supposed I could have a good view. Arriving at the top of the hill I observed the enemy about 300 yards distant advancing in line of battle, when I immediately rode back to the brigade, which had ad- vanced to within 400 yards of the enemy and in view of each other. This brigade then opened fire upon the enemy, and having discharged several volleys, which seemed to confuse him, I immediately ordered the brigade to charge, which order was promptly executed and with fine effect, the enemy falling back in great confusion, leaving many of his dead and wounded upon the field. Arriving at the woods in his retreat the enemy attempted to reform his line, which I determined to prevent by following him up; but at this moment I was informed that the enemy had turned the left of the Second Brigade (which I supposed, until that moment, rested on the right of the First Brigade), whereupon I immediately directed a change of front, which was done as promptly as it could be under the circumstances, which enabled me to engage this flank movement of the enemy; but General Branchs brigade coin- ing up at this moment (his line being perpendicular to the road while the line of the First Brigade was parallel), General Branch opened a vigorous fire upon the enemy, which soon succeeded in driving him from his position. He was here compelled to pass through a large grain field in his retreat, which exposed his broken columns to a deadly cross-fire from Branchs and this brigade. About sundown General Penders (I think it was) brigade appeared Page 193 CHAP. XXIV.) CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 193 on the extreme left of the open field I ~first entered. He continued his march by the flank until his right reached the northeast corner of the field, when I sent CaDtain Fulton to inform him that the enemy were in the woods to his right. He then continued his march for some dis- tance, and then put his brigade in line of battle, his right resting on the left of the First Brigade, and then the wh~le line advanced in the (lirection of the main road. Very shortly after this connection was tbrmed a short but very vigorous contest ensued, which succeeded in completely routing the enemy. It is proper here to state that the enemy engaged in the woods at this point is the same column whose reforma- tion of line I attempted to prevent when informed that the left flank of the Second Brigade had been turned. Here the enemys loss was very heavy. This brigade pursued the now retreating foe until after dark when I was ordered to halt and rest for the night. The conduct of the troops in this brigade was, indeed, splendid. Men never behaved better in battle. Regimental commanders were conspicuons foi~ their gallantry, and company officers deserve great praise, not only for their gallantry, but for their successful efforts in keeping their companies together; indeed, when the brigade was halted for the night nearly all were present. The brigade captured three stand of colors, one of which was im- ~woperly taken from a private of the th Regiment by a commissioned o~cer of some other command. Two stand of colors were taken by the Fifth Regiment. For individual acts of gallantry I refer you to the reports of regi- mental and battery commanders herewith presented. Upon assuming command, Capt. John H. Fulton, of the Fourth Reg- iment, and Major Holliday, of the Thirty-third Regiment, kindly con- sented to act as aides in connection with Lieutenant Garnett, of General Winders staff, and to these gentlemen I am much indebted for their valuable services. Captain Fulton was conspicuous in the fight, trans- mitting every order with great promptness and dispatch. Major Hol- liday, a gallant and brave man, while in the execution of an order, was severely wounded in the right arm, rendering amputation necessary. He was wounded early in the engagement. Lieutenant Garnett was active in the field, and his gallantry was conspicuous. With the aid these gentlemen rendered me upon the field my new position as brigade commander was relieved of much embarrassment. Captains Carpenter and Poague are deserving of especial notice for the great service they rendered with their batteries. Captain Car- l)enter was wounded by a Miimie ball in the head, though I think not severely. The casualties in the brigade were 10 killed and 51 wounded. This includes General Winder, and in his death the brigade was deprived of his great services, the army of an able and accomplished officer, the country of a good citizen, and society of an ornament. I attribute so few casualties to the fact that the brigade charged at the proper time. For a list of casualties see reports of regimental and battery com- inanders. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHS. A. RONALD, Colonel, Commanding First Brigade, W. T. TALIAFERRO, Acting As8istant Adjutant-General Page 194 194 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. 1(:~LAr. XXIV. No. 32. Report of Licut. Cot. Lawson Botts, Second Virginia Infantry. [CAMP GAnNETT], August 13, 1862. CAPTAIN: In obedience to order I have the houor to report that on Saturday, the 9th, about the hour of 5 p. in., the First Brigade, of which this (the Second Regiment of Virginia Thfaiitry) is a part, was marched through a.woods near Cedar Run, in Culpeper [County]1 in ~:olumu of regiments, within range of the enemys artillery, a shell occasionally falling near the brigade. Shortly after the column was deployed in line of battle just at the skirt of the wood, facing a large held and another piece of wood the division fence being near the center of the Second Regiment. By order of Colonel Ronald, commanding, the brigade was moved to the front. Almost immediately afterward a regiment of the enemy appeared on the other side of the field. This regiment, though sup- ported by others in the wood, fled after a short resistance, and the Second Regiment, with the Fourth and Fifth, drove the enemy through the wood they occupied. Finding no enemy in the front, and that the right wing of the brigade was pressed, the Second Regiment was or- dered to its support, Captain Moore, of Company I. being left with a ~t.rong company to scout the woods and prevent surprise. Joining the right wing, the enemy was driven again from position and followed till night rendered pursuit dangerous. I cannot too highly commend the conduct of the officers and men of my command; and though exposed for some hours to the enemy~s fire, providentially no one was killed and but 7 wounded. Respectfully, LAWSON BOTTS, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. [Capt. JOHN H. FULTON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General.] No. 33. Report of Licut. Cot. A. D. Gardner, Fourth Virginia Infantry. CAMP GAnNETT, Near Gordonsville, Va., August 14, 1862. SIR: I submit the following report of the part taken by this regiment in the battle of Cedar Creek on the 9th instant: The regiment, being under my coimnand by reason of Colonel Ronald having been assigned command of the brigade, was formed in line of battle on the extreme left of the brigade, under a heavy fire of the enemys artillery, in the woods to the left of the old stage road leading from Orange to Culpeper Court-House, at about 300 yards distance from an open field, where the enemy were first discovered. This regiment a(lvanced with the balance of the brigade on the line of the fence of the field and halted, rectified the line and rested a few minutes, when the enemy made their appearance on the opposite side of the field, directly in front of all the other regiments except this, whith rested on the left and in the woods. The order being given, Forward, mOVC(l in line of battle with the rest of the brigade to a point beyond the field, where the enemy had been (Irivdn from, I w~s then ordered to fal Page 195 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 195 back and take position in the field, which was done I)romptly and in good order, changing front at right angles with the former front; then marched upon the flank of the enemy, driving them from their posi- tion. In doing so this regiment had to pass through a thick under- growth and over a fence and became somewhat scattered. I was then ordered to fall back and reform the regiment, which was executed. The brigade remained in that position until a part of Major-General Hills forces took position on the left of this regiment. The whole line advanced, driving the enemy before them in great confusion be- yond a point where their artillery had been in position, when the line was halted and skirmishers thrown out some 200 or 300 yards in advance. Remained there a short time and fell back some 200 yards, where we bivouacked dnring the night. While the skirmishers were out they brought in a number of pris- oners, and captured some horses, mules, & c. I take pleasure in commending the good order and conduct of the officers and men of this regiment, which was all that I could wish. I am under obligations to Captain Gibson, of Company D, for his services, acting as major on the day of the en~a~ement a me good service. nd rendering Lieut. J. Kent Ewing, acting adjutant of this regiment, rendered efficient aid by his brave conduct and promptness in carrying out my orders. The following is the list of casualties: a b 0 0 Officers Non commissioned officers 1 - - - - - Privates 3 Total 3 6 1 Respectfully submitted. R. D. GARDNER, Ijeut. Got., Gomdg. Fourth Regiment Virginia Volunteers. Capt. JOHN II. FULTON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 34. Report of Maj. 11. J. Williams, Fifth Virginia linfantry. AUGUST 14, 1862. I have the honor to report that at dawn on the morning of the 9th instant we left camp near the Rapidan River and marched a distance of 7 miles. Engaged the enemy about 4 oclock in the afternoon. The line of battle being formed iu a woods, with the Thirty-third Regiment rest-s iiig on our right and the Second on our left, the Fifth being the center regiment of the brigade, we then advanced in line of battle through the woods a distance of about 400 yards to the edge of a field, where we were ordered to halt and throw down a line of fencing immediately ill our front. After removing the fence we were ordered to prepare Page 196 196 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. charge, which was done, and we moved forward in line of battle to the top of a little hill or rise in the field, when the order was given by our gallant commander (Colonel Ronald) to the brigade to charge, which was obeyed and the charge executed in most elegant style, driving the enemy entirely from the field into the woods, a distance of some 300 or 400 yards. I then received an order to close my regiment at right angles with and on the left of the Thirty-third. Thns having passed the Thirty- third and Twenty-seventh some ~00 yards, I succeeded in forming my right win~erpendicular with the former line of battle au(l advanced it about lOu yards, thus giving me a good position to fire upon the en- erny, who were crossing a large wheat field upon the right of our former position, pouring a constant and destructive fire tipon the enemy, thus causing a large number of them to surrender. The regiment also cap- tured three stand of the enemys colors; the left wing still holding their former position at the edge of the woods, thus protecting the left of umy right wing from a severe fire from the enemy in the woods. The conduct of all officers and men was such as would attract the admiration and win the praise of the greatest of champion warriors, and particularly the conduct of Color Sergt. John M. Gabbert, who was in advance with a sword in one hand and the colors in the other, waving both the sword and colors, calling upon the men to come on, when he received a wound in the shoulder and leg, which disabled him so munch he was compelled to abandon the field. At a late hour we were re-enforced by two other brigades. We then advanced, the left wing being rallied by Adjt. C. S. Arnall, whose con- duct was highly commendable in rallying it to the colors and pressing forward with the Second and Fourth Regiments boldly in hot pursuit of the enemy till after dark, when, reaching the top of a hill in a corn field, were ordered to halt and remained until morning. I joined in with Colonel Lee, of the Thirty-third, and advanced, overtaking the Second and Fourth, who had halted in a corn field on the right of the main road leading to Culpeper Court-House, where the brigade remained overnight and until about 9 oclock on the morning of the 10th, the enemy not having made any demonstratiomi up to that time. We were ordered back a distance of about 3 miles and encamped until the morn- ing of the 12th, when we were ordered to take up tb e line of march to our old camp near Liberty Mills, at which place we arrived about 6 p. m. I forward with this a list of casualties.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. J. WILLIAMS, Major, Commanding Fifth Virginia Infantry. Captain FULTON, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 35. Report of Capt. Charles L. lEllaynes, Twenty-seventh Virginia Infantry. CAMP NEAR GORDONSVILLE, VA., August 13, 1862. SIR: I respectfully submit the following as a report of the part my regiment took in the battle of the 9th instant near Ripleys Station, in Culpeper County, Virginia: In placing the brigade in line of battle my regiment occupied the * Embodied in No~ 27 Page 197 C1~AP. XXIVI CEDAfl MO~YNTAtN, VA. 197 extreme right, connecting with the line 6f the Second Brigade and sup- ported on the left by the Thirty-third Virginia Volunteers. After hav- ing formed ill line of battle we remained for some time under a heavy fire of shot and shell from the enemys artillery. I then, under orders, ad- vanced my regiment in line with the brigade through a dense forest, with heavy undergrowth of brush and much fallen timber, to the fence dividing the woodland from a cleared field. Owing to the density of the forest, the enemy, who was in line of battle directly in front of us, was not discovered until he fired upon us. I then ordered my regiment to advance to the fence and return the fire. This was promptly done. and was kept up for some time with such effect that two regiments of time enemy, which immediately confronted us, commenced falling back rapidly in much disorder. However, just as we had sncc~eded in repelling the enemy in front of us, it was discovered that the regiment which supported us on the right had been driven back, and the enemy were rapidly advancing on our right, cross-firing us and endeavoring to get in our rear. Here the fire was very heavy. I lost 3 men killed and 1 wounded, and not having sufficient force to drive back the enemy and hold my position, the regiment was compelled to fall back. This, on account of thick brush and fallen timber that covered the ground, caused the regiment to scatter considerably. After retreating about 150 yards we met a brigade (which 1 took to be Branchs) coming to our sul)port. I fell immediately in rear of this brigade. I attempted to rally my regiment. in this I only partially succeeded. I then pro- ceeded to the main road leading to the battle-field, arriving here just as General Jackson was passing. The detached parts of companies which I had with me here gave a cheer, and at the personal order of General Jackson followed him again to the battle-field. After this the regiment did not appear as a regiment but acted in detachments, some connecting themselves with other regiments, others going in with squads from different regiments, some detailed or ordered back in charge of prisoners, which they had assisted in capturing. While every member of the regiment who went into the fight, both officers and men, acted nobly and gallantly, still the conspicuous con- duct of some of the officers and men after the regiment became broken and was acting in independent squads, deserves to be particularly noticed. Capt. P. F. Frazer, of (Yompany B, individually took a Yankee captain, a sergeant, and two privates while they were retreating from our forces, and delivered them in person, and without any other guard than him- self, to General Jackson. Lieut. A. M. Edgar, of Company B, Color Sergt. W. H. Powell, Sergt. C. L. Davis, and Dr. J. B. Patton, surgeons stewards [sic], only two of the party having fire-arms, one having the colors and the lieutenant his sword, at the instance of Lieutenant-Colonel Gardner went beyond our lines after the fight and captured a Yankee picket of 1 sergeant and 12 privates, all of whom were armed when they were captnred. They brought them to the Fourth Virginia Volunteers and delivered them to the guard. My regiment went into the battle with less than 130 men rank and file. Loss, 3 killed and 1 wounded. Very respectfully, C. L. HAYXES, Captain, Cornmamnding Twenty-seventh Virginia Regiment. Capt. J. H. FULTON, - Acting Assi8tant Ad4utant.General Page 198 198 OPERAtIONS TN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. ~ 36. Report of Lieut. Go!. Edwin G. Lee, Thirty-third Virginia Infantry. CAMP GAnNETT, VA., August 13, 1862. CAPTAIN: In obedience to orders just received I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by me in the action of August 9 at Cedar Run: On the morning of that day, at sunrise, the brigade left the bivouac, about a mile front the left bank of the liapidan River, and marched, with many interruptions, some 6 or 7 miles on the road to Culpeper Court-House. About mi(lday we were halted in a wood on the left of the road while a light cannonade was going on some distance in front. After remaining quiet about ati hour ~nd a half we were again moved forward perhaps a mile or two and halted in another wood, from which we moved about 4 p. m. in the direction of the enemy, keeping the woods, by order, to avoid raising the dust. The cannonade had become quite brisk, and when near the ground on which we subsequently fought the brigade was halted, ordered to load, and form in line of battle, my regiment being next to the Twenty-seventh Virginia, which occupied the right. In this order we were moved forward a short distance, and then formed in column of regiments, right in front, stilt marching. In a short time this column was deployed upon the leading regiment and a halt ordered at a fence directly in front of us, which, by order of the colonel commanding, was leveled. Here we lay for some twenty minutes under a very sharp fire of shell and spherical case, which, fortunately, occa~ sioned me no casualties. At the end of this time the brigade was again moved forward in line of battle over a stubble-field flanked on either side by woods; the left wing of my regiment was in the field, the right in the woods, and the Twenty-seventh entirely in the woods on my right. After having advanced about 125 yards the command was given to charge, when the whole line moved at a double-quick, the colonel commanding leading in person. Almost simultaneously with this move- nient a few shots from our left drew the fire from the line of the enemy, who were well posted in a woods about 250 yards off, and who being able to see only a part of our force, on account of a slight hill over which the Fifth, Thirty-third, and Twenty-seventh had to pass, had also commenced to advance. Here for the first time I discovered the Fed- erals in sight, and giving the command to my men, they poured a steady fire from the left wing into the enemys ranks. My horse becoming un- manageable I dismounted, and in common with other regimental com- mnanders urged the men forward. Our line steadily advanced, slowly driving our opponents, until I reached the corner of the woods on my right, where the right of my regiment and the whole of the Twenty- seventh came into view of the enemy. The firing was now general, but in front of me the enemy for some time were quite steady, and coin- menced to flank my right, getting upon that flank iu the woods within forty steps of Company A. I sent the adjutant to see if the Twenty- seventh was aware of this movement and to nrge their active assistance. He reported that the Twenty-seventh was not there, and I then directed the fire of the three right companies (A, F, and D) against the flankers, whose shots already enfiladed us. In a few moments the ground was dotted with their blue uniforms, and the rest retreated more rapidly than they advanced. I now observed the fine effect of the fire in front and pushed the men forward. I had previonsly informed Colonel Ronald of the attempted flank movement, and almost immediatel Page 199 CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 19~ received a message by his orderly that a brigade of General A. P. Hills (IiVi8iOll would come up in a fexv moments. I liad continued to press the men on, driving the enemy, and as their retreat became a run 0-en- eral Branchs brigade arrived upon the extension of my line. They tired a few rounds and then ceased for a time and pushed on after the now fleeing enemy. My men being thoroughly exhausted, together with myself, the firing having ceased entirely upon tl)is part of the field, and no enemy being in sIght, I withdrew about 100 yards and collected the men, who had become somewhat scattered in the eagerness of the fight. There gath- ered with me considerable parts of the other regiments, and having about half the brigade, and being the senior officer present, I took coni- mand and conducted them some half a mile farther on to the colonel commanding, who had halted on a hill in front and upon the right of our position with the remainder. We were engaged from about 5 p. m. until dark, and the men con- snmned nearly every cartridge. Their aim was steady and their fire effective, inflicting under my own eye severe loss upon the enemy. My casualties, considering the continued and heavy fire to which we were subjected, were almost miraculously few, being only 15 wounded. The men captured a number of prisoners, and one of them, by my (lirection killed a color-bearer whose colors were left on the field and 1)icked up by one of General Branchs men subsequently. My number engaged was 150. I left camp with 160, the heat causing a few to fall out of ranks. I append a list of 6asualties.* it is with feelings of the highest pride that I commend the courage of both officers and men. All bore themselves nobly, and I can scarcely express my gratiflca~tion at their behavior throughout the day; nor can I mention for especial commendation the name of one, either officer or private, without seeming to detract from the merits of others; but I mnust avail myself of the opportunity to acknowledge my indebtedness to First Lient. ID. H. Walton, adjutant of the regiment, and to express my high appreciation of his conspicuously gallant conduct. Having no field officer with me (Major ilolliday having been detailed for staff duty by Colonel Ronald), I felt the need of efficient help, and the want was fully supplied by this gentleman. He executed my orders fear- lessly and well, aided me in directing the fire and movements of the men, and by personal example cheered and encouraged them. I gladly commend him to the notice of the commandimig general. The noble courage of Major Holliday, who lost his right arm, will in ore properly come under the report of the brigade commander. Respectfully submitted. EDWIN 0-. LEE, Lieutenant-Colonel, Comdg. Thirty-third Virginia Infantry. Capt. J. II. FULTON, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 37. Report of Lieut. Col. Thomas ~ Garnett, Forty-eighth Virginia Infantry, commanding ~eeond Brigade. HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., FIRST DIV., ARMY VALLEY DISTRICT, Camp near Liberty JJIiiUs, Va., August 15 1869 MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part Embodied in No. 27 Page 200 200 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. ECHAP. XXrV. taken by the Second Brigade in the battle near Cedar Creek on the 9th instant: By order of General Winder, commanding First Division, the Second Brigade was ordered about 3.30 p. m. to march to the front, passing the First Brigade; to rest its right near a school-house in the vicinity of the battle-field. Remaining in this position until General Earlys brigade had driven in the cavalry pickets, I received orders to move rapidly forward along the main road toward the enemys position. In executing this movement the brigade was fired upon by the enemys batteries, killing 5 and wounding 6 men of the Forty-eighth Virgipia Regiment. To prevent any further accident the brigade was filed to the left in the woods, and proceeded along the slope of a hill parallel to the road until it had marched to a point where the road emerges from the woods into a field directly in front of the enemys batteries. Here General Winder ordered me to file to the left along a by-road in the woods, and to follow it as far as I could under cover of the woods. On reaching this last position I was to place the brigade in line of battle and charge the nearest battery by a flank movement while our artillery engaged it iu front. On reconnoitering the position of the battery a heavy body of infantry was discovered in its rear, and a long line of cavalry behind a fence covered with brush, on the left of the battery, commanding~ perfectly the field the Second Brigade would necessarily cross in reaching its destination. I reported these facts immediately to General ~Vinder through Lieutenant White, acting aide- de-camp, and received orders on his return to remain where I was for a few moments. This was the last order I received from General Winder, whose untimely death none more deplore than the Second Bri- gade. We were proud to be under his command, and mingle our sor- rows with those of the nation at his early fall. General Taliaferro, now assuming command, ordered such a disposi- tion of the Second Brigale as would afford some protection to the bat- teries on our right and some 400 yards to the rear. The Twenty-first Virginia Regiment formed the extreme right, and the Forty-eighth Vir- ginia Regiment was placed on the left of the Twenty-first, and were designed to repnlse any charge of the enemy on our batteries, as or- dered by General Taliaferro. The Forty-second Virginia Regiment and First Virginia Battalion formed our left, and commanded a field nearly at right angles with that in front of the Forty-eighth and Twenty-first. In this position skirmishers were thrown forward and on the extreme left. A courier was left with Major Seddon, with instructions to report any movements of the enemy in a thick woodland on his extreme left, which was supposed to be occupied. At this juncture General Jackson and staff arrived, and I received orders from the general to look well to my left flank and to report at once to General Tahaferro for re-enforcements. Accordingly, Captain Wil- son, assistant adjutant-general, Second Brigade, and Lieutenant White acting aide-de-camp, were sent in different parts of the field to insure an early interview with the general and to secure without delay the support required. Before these officers returned the enemy had ad- vanced rapidly, already engaging our right. With coolness and deter- mination the regiments on the right delivered their fire, keeping a su- perior number of the enemy at bay. Firing now commenced on the left, and hastening to the position occupied by the First Virginia Battalion I discovered the enemy in heavy force rapidly advancing, not more than 50 yards from our front, bearing down upon us also from the left, delivering as they came a most galling fire. Unable to withstand thi Page 201 CRAP. X~tV.l CEDAI~ MOt1NTAll~ VA. ~O1 fire from front and dank, the First Virginia Battalion gave way in con- fusion, and rendered abortive every effort of its corps of gallant officers to reform it. Finding our left turned, I rode up to Major Lane, command- ing the Forty-second, and ordered a change of front to meet the enemy in this new direction; but before this could be executed he fell mortally wounded, and the movement could not be accomplished before the enemy had commenced a fire in their rear, producing some confusion and disorder. The other regiments, all the while engaged in front were also attacked in rear, now that the left flank was turned, pro- ducing much disorder in their ranks. In this double fire, front and rear, fell the gallant officers, Lieutenant-Colonel Cunningham, Major Lane, and Captain iDeyerle. Ite-enforcements coming up, portions of different regiments were reformed, and assisted in driving the enemy discom- fited from the field. The terrible loss in this brigade resulted from its left flank being turned, thereby subjecting it to a double fire. Had re-enforcements, momentarily expected, arrived ten minutes sooner no disaster would have happened. The long list of killed and wounded officers * accom- panying this report is the best evidence of their courage and fidelity in the discharge of duty. Lieutenant-Colonel Cunningham, as all who knew him expected, be- haved with distinguished bravery and coolness. His place is not easily - filled. The same may be said of Major Lane, Major Seddon, and Cap- tain Hannum, commanding regiments, and of the officers attached to their commands. It would be improper to close this report without calling the atten- tion of the general to the acts of savage brutality perpetrated by the enemy upon our officers and men who fell into their hands temporarily as prisoners. Such fiendish barbarity is not to be found in the history of warfare among civilized nations. To the members of my staff all praise is due for their bravery and efficiency in the discharge of every duty. They consisted of Captain Wilson, assistant adjutant-general; Lieutenant Dabney, aide-de-camp, and Lieutenant White, First Virginia Battalion, acting aide-de-camp. For further particulars the general is referred to reports from regi- mental commanders, herewith inclosed. THOS. S. GARNETT, l2ieut. Cot., Comdg. Second Brig., First Div., A. V. D. Maj. W. T. TALIAFERRO, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division. No. 38. Report of Capt. W. A. Witeher, flJwenty.ftrst Virginia Infantry. CA~n T~EAR GORDONSYILLE, VA., August 13, 1862. SIR: In obedience to order I offer the following report of the Twenty- first Virginia Regiment in the battle of Slaughter Mountain on thG 9th instant, which I fear will be an imperfect one, as I. only took command after the fight had considerably advanced: The regiment was posted in line of battle in the woods about 40 paces back of the road to the left of the battery in the fiekd and facing to the * Embodied in No. 27 Page 202 202 OPEfiA~ION~ IN N. VA., W. VA., ANI~ Mb. [dIIAP. XXIV. road, a small party being sent to the road in front of our extreme left to keep watch. In this position the men were ordered to lie down to protect them from the enemys cannonading, which was kept up with great vigor. A number of shells exploded in our vicinity, one of which struck and killed Capt. William II. Morgan, of Company F, a young officer of great merit. In about half an hour a volley of musketry was heard on our left, when the party on the road immediately returned and reported that a regiment was advancing along the road and fence. Lieutenant-Colonel Cunningham ordered our regiment forward to the edge of the road, which order was obeyed promptly, all seeming eager for the engagement. Soon after reaching the road and engaging the enemy, another regiment of them emerged from a corn field and arrayed themselves in line of battle to our leftoblique. This seemed to heighteii the ardor of our men, who fought with all the gallantry and energy that could have been desired, and completely checking the enemys ad- vance. The fight was raging fiercely and our men in high spirits, wheii suddenly and without any warning whatever a mnrderous fire was poured upon us from the rear, at least a brigade of the enemy having passed through the woods and reached within 20 or 30 paces of us. We had supposed that our rear was protected; why it was not is not for me to say. About this time Lieutenant-Colonel Cunningham ap- peared at the left of the line and gave some command, which, amid the firing, I could not understand. 1 ordered those near me, however, to about-face. Some obeyed, but many others were so intent upon firing at the enemy before them and so little apprehensive of danger from the rear, that they seemed not to understand the command. Lieutenant- Colonel Cunningham again gave some command, which, owin gtothe circumstances, I could not distinctly hear. He waved his hand toward the fence rather to the right, and after several times ordering it, I got the men to start in that direction. In making the movement they be- came somewhat scattered and confused, some going fast, while others would load, turn, and fire as they went. To add to the confusion of the moment, in addition to the many other brave men and officers who fell at this point, our gallant and beloved leader, Lieutenant-Colonel Cun- ningham, fell mortally wounded. The adjutant was taken by the enemy, though afterward escaped; the sergeant-major was shot down; the flag- bearer was shot dead; a corporal of the color-guard, seizing the colors, shared the same fate; and a private who next raised them fell, wounded in three places. Under these unfavorable circumstances a portion of the regiment rallied and formed at the crest of the hill, not more than 150 paces from the road. Here some troops which had fallen b~ick rallied and joined us, and after a spirited contest of ten or fifteen min- utes drove the enemy, who had advanced into the road and field, back into the woods. We then turned our fire upon the enemys line of battle in the meadow, which soon broke and began to retire. From this on we pushed forward wherever the fight seemed thickest, assisting in the repulse of the cavalry charge and mingling in the fire upon the retreat- ing foe until he had entirely disappeared from the field. No troops, in my opinion, could have behaved with more daring and obstinacy than those of the Twenty-first. There were instances of indi- vidual heroism which I refrain from mentioning lest injustice should be done to others. Before concluding this report I deem it my duty to bring to your notice a fact which shows the barbarous and brutal manner in which this war is being conducted by our adversaries. Second Licut. Thomas W. Brown, of Company K, was taken prisoner at the time our regimen Page 203 CHAP. X~tV.i CEbA~ MOUNTAIN, VA. ~O3 left the woods. He was afterward found in the woods mortally wOifl(led, and before dying stated to Lieutenant iRoach, of the Twenty-first, and Captain Turner, of the Irish Battalion, that lie was taken unhurt, but when the enemy were forced to retreat they knocked him down with their guns and bayoneted him in several places. He was in his proper mind at the time of making this statement, and died the same night. Accompanying this report I forward a list of casualties.* Respectfully, your obedient servant, ~. A. WITCIIER, Captain, Commanding Twenty-first Virginia Regiment. Maj. JOHN SEDDON, Comm anding Second Brigade. No. 39. Report of Capt. Abner Dobyns, Forty-second Virginia Infantry. CAMP NEAR LIBERTY MILLS, August 13, 1862. COLONEL: Iu obedience to orders I have the honor to submit the fol- lowing report of the operations of the Forty-second Regiment Virginia .Volunteers in the recent engagement at Cedar Run, Culpeper County, Virginia, on August 9: About 3 p. m. the regiment, comma~ed by Maj. - Henry Lane, in conjunction with the rest of the brigade, was ordered to the front, and accordingly marched along the Culpeper road unti] it reached a body of woods about half a mile from the battle-field. It was then halted and ordered to load. It was then filed off to the left of the road and marched through the woods nearly parallel with the road, and during the march the woods were very heavily shelled by the enemy, but no casualties occurred in the regiment. The regiment was halted in the woods to the left of the road near a field, where one or two pieces of our artillery were planted and in action. It remained in this position near half an hour, and was then ordered to move forward, and accord. ingly marched some 400 yards. until it reached a narrow road leading to a wheat field filing down the road to the left near 100 yards, it then filed to the right through the woods parallel with the fence until it reached its depth; it was then halted and fronted in line of battle. The Forty-eighth Virginia Regiment was on the right and the First Virginia Battalion on the left. Our skirmishers, who had previously been thrown out, soon discovered thos~ of the enemy near at hand, and in a few moments the main body of the enemy advanced from the woods opposite the wheat field to our front, and having gotten midway the wheat field the regiment was ordered to fire, which was done with a great deal of coolness and rapidity, and kept up constantly for some half an hour or more, the regiment remaining in good order all the time. Early in the engagement Major Lane was mortally wounded, and a great many of the company officers and men were killed and wounded. The enemy, having flanked us right and left, were seen suddenly advancing upon our rear in considerable disorder. About this junc- ture we received orders to fall back and soon came in contact with the * Embodied in No. 27 Page 204 ~O4 OPERATIONS IN N. YA., W. VA., AND Nfl. tOHAP. XXIV. enemy at the point of the bayonet. A good many of the officers and soldiers of the regiment were captured by the enemy and again recap- tured, and many of them severely wounded while in the hands of the enemy. Several officers and men of the regiment whom we recaptured from the enemy informed me that they were most brutally maltreated by the enemy, and saw many of our men brutally murdered after being captured. During this portion of the engagement the regiment was thrown in great confusion and became much scattered, but a larger portion of those remaining were afterward rallied and moved forward with 0-en- eral Branchs brigade, and charged through the wheat field to the woods and halted. The loss was very light during the charge. The regiment was then marched through the wheat field and across the road to the right into a corn field, and remained during the night. After this, nothing worthy of note occurred. The loss in the regiment, both in killed and wounded, was very heavy, but not more thaii 6 or 8 were missing. The regiment captured a large number of the enemy, both officers and men, and sent them to the rear. Respectfully submitted. A. POBYKS, Captain, Gomdg. Forty-second Regiment Virginia Volunteers. No. 40. Report of (apt. J. H. Horton, Forty-eighth Regiment Virginia Infantry. CAMP NEAR LIBERTY MILLS, VA., August 13, 1862. LIEUTENANT: I herewith transmit a report of the part taken by the Forty.eighth Regiment, of the Second Brigade, coinuianded by Capt. William V. C. ilannum, in the battle of the 9th instant: My regiment, being the advance of the Second Brigade, left camp near Rapidan River about 8 a. m. and followed the First Brigade until about 2 p. in., when it was ordered with the rest of the brigade to the front, when we were halted to allow the llampden Artillery (Captain Caskies battery) to pass to the front, during which time a shell from the enemys gun, bursting in our ranks, killed 5 and wounded 6 men. The order was given to advance, when leaving the road to the left we proceeded about a quarter of a mile under cover of the woods for the space of half an hour. At the expiration of half an hour we were again ordered to advance by the flank a distance of probably a quarter of a mile, when we were thrown into line of battle upon the left of the Twenty-first Virginia Regiment, which constituted the right of our brigade, the Forty-second Virginia Regiment upon our left. The regiment, at this time being commanded by Captain ilannum, was, by order of Lieuten- ant-Colonel Garnett, so thrown into line a~ to cause the right and left flanks to fQrm right angles with each other. Skirmishers were sent to the front, with orders to fire as soon as the enemy came within range of their gnus. The firing soon began with the skirmishers, which [in a few] minutes became general, and lasted for about an hour. Finding that the enemy had got in our rear, almost entirely surrounding us, we were ordered to make our way out; but a portion of the regiment not understanding the order remained at their -post, continuing to ~re at the enemy in front. At this time re-enforcements came up, driving th Page 205 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 205 enemy from our rear. Our regiment was partially reformed and then participated in a charge made across the field, pnrsuing the enemy nntil dark. The casualties are as follows: Missing, 4; killed, 19; wounded, 43. J. II. HORTON, Captain, Commanding Forty-eighth Regiment Virginia Vols. Second Licut. THOMAS It DUNN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 41. Report of ]liaj. John Seddon, First Virginia Battalion. AUGUST 14, 1862. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the First Virginia Battalion during the late engagement with the enemy near Cedar Creek on the evening of the 9th instant: The First Virginia Battalion, under my command, was marched with the rest of the Second Brigade through a body of woods, and were drawn up in line of battle with inverted front on the extreme left of the brigade, in the wood, with a small wheat field on our front. The woods were so dense that no other portion of our brigade could be seen from our position. We took up our position about 4.15 p. m. At about 5.45 oclock a large brigade of the enemy emerged from the woods beyond the wheat field, and advanced against our lines in fine order at a double-quick. A corn field on the right and a brush field on the left of the wheat field prevented me from seeing either wing of the enemy, which seemed to extend indefinitely in both directions. By order, the battalion fired as the enemy came within 150 yards of our position, with very little effect. We fired two more scattering volleys, all with little effect. By this time the enemy were close upon our front and had closed in upon our left flank. Seeing this, the battalion gave way, and retreated rapidly and in great confusion. Being on the ex- treme left of the brigade, we were the first to see the flank movement of the enemy, and by the rapid retreat were prevented from being sur- rounded. All the officers of the battalion strove most gallantly to hold the men to their position, and made the most heroic endeavors to rally them after they had broken. Failing in this, some of the officers and men joined in with the reserves and took part in their successful advance. Second Lieutenant Alexander, Company A, was disabled by a severe wound in the left thigh about the time the battalion gave way. It may be proper to add that Lieutenant White, acting aide-de-camp to Colonel Garnett, informed me just as the enemy advanced from the woods that the Tenth Virginia Regiment occupied our left. Accompanying this you will please find a list of casualties.* Respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN SEDDON, Major, L1ommanding First Virginia Battalion. Licut. Col. T. S. GAnNETT, 61ommanding Second Brigade on the evening of the 9th instant. * Eiubodie~4 in No. 27 Page 206 206 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. No. 42. Report of Col. Alexander G. Taliaferro, Twenty-third Virginia Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIGADE, ARMY VALLEY [DISTRICT], lIIeGruder8 Farm, Orange County, Va., A ugust 14, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the Part sustained by the Third Brigade, First Division, Army Valley [Dis- trict] in the battle of Cedar Creek on th~ 9th instant: This brigade was under your immediate command until about 4 p. in., when I was notified of the death of General Winder, commanding the First Division, and that you had assumed its command. The command of this brigade thereupon devolved upon me as the senior officer, and my report is confined to the conduct of the brigade subsequent to my assumption of its command. The brigade at that time occupied a position on the left of General Earlys brigade and on the right of the Second Brigade, of this division, under Lieutenant-Colonel Garnett, the First Brigade, nuder Colonel lionald, being in rear as a support to the Third. The brigade was then exposed to a heavy fire from the enemys artillery, which it sustained with great firmness, officers aIl(l men alike displaying the coolness of veterans. Soon after the order to advance was given, which was obeyed with alacrity under a galling fire from the enemys batteries, firing over the heads of their infantry. As soon as this brigade arrived within musket.shot of the enemy it commenced firing, and continued a destructive fire until it was discovered that the enemy in strong force had turned the left flank of the Second Brigade, exposing it to a fire so destructive that it was compelled to give way in some disorder. This left the regiments on the left of this brigade exposed to the fire of the enemy in front and also o~ its left flank. Under this fire, and the example of the Second Brigade, the Forty- seventh and Yorty-eighth Alabamna Regiments, comumanded, respect- ively, by Colonels Jackson and Sheffield (for the first time under fire), gave way and fell back some distance, but were promptly rallied by their officers. A part of the Thirty-seventh Virginia, commnanded by Colonel Williams, was also thrown into confusion, and the whole coin- pelled to fall back. The Tenth (Major Stover) and Twenty-third Vir- ginia (Lieutenant-Colonel Curtis) likewise fell back under my orders. The , , supported cordially whole brigade was speedily reformed and by the First Brigade, which promptly advanced on its left, again ad- vanced and charged the enemy. The enemy soon broke and fled in great disorder. We l)ursued them until darkness interposed, and we were ordered to a position in advance of the battle-field, where we slept on our arms. in the pursuit this brigade captured a number of prisoners, among them Brigadier-General Primice, who was brought in by Private John Id. Booker, Comupany I, Twenty-third Virginia Regiment. He brought Imimo to me, but as General Taliaferro was near, who was of superior mank, I ordered him to be taken to him, and to him he promptly sur- i-en (lered. Just at the time the enemy broke, their cavalry charged its, but were received by a galling fire from this brigade. They broke and were lived upoir also by the First and Second and General Branchs brigades, which had come up on our left, and fled with great precipitation and loss. I have to regret the loss of many bra ye and good officers and meg Page 207 CHAP. XXIV.l CEDAR M~UNTAIN, VA. 207 It will be hard to suppiy their places; but they fell on the field of honor in defense of their homes, their people, their liberty, and all that makes life dear to man, and a grateful country and posterity will award them their meed of praise. Lieutenant-Colonel Curtis, commanding Twenty-third Regiment Vir- ginia Volunteers, fell mortally wounded while gallantly leading his regiment into action. He came to the regiment in September 186 from Brooke County, Virginia, a private, and a refugee from the 1, tyrants of the Northwest, and in the reorganizatiou he was called to the posi- tiomi he so gallantly filled, a fit testimonial by the officers to his gallantry and good conduct. He has fallen far from his home and friends, but will long be remembered by all associated with him in the cause of liberty. Colonel Williams, of the Thirty-seventh Virginia Regiment was slightly, and Colonel Sheffield, of the Forty-eighth Alabama ~Regi- ment, was painfully, wounded. Both these officers behaved with great gallantry. All the officers and men of this brigade behaved well, and I beg leave to thank them for their, gallant and good conduct, manifested under the most trying circumstances. For the details of the killed and wounded I beg leave to refer you to the reports of regimental commanders, herewith returned, and which sum up as follows: Xilled. wounded. 10th Regiment Virginia Volunteers - -- 6 37 23d Regiment Virginia Volunteers.. - - 5 27 :37th Regiment Virginia Volunteers 13 64 47th Regiment Alabama Volunteers 12 85 48th Regiment Alabama Volunteers 15 58 Total . 51 271 All of which is most respectfully submitted. ALEX. U. TALIAFEIRRO, Colonel, !Jomndg. Third Brigade, Army Valley [District]. Brig. Gen. W. B. TALIAFERRO, Commanding Firct Division, Army Valley [District]. No. 43. Report of Lient. Col. James W. Jackson, Forty-seventh Alabama Infantry. CAMP NEAR LIBERTY MILLS, VA., August 13, 1862. COLONEL: On Saturday last, 4 p. in., the 9th instant I arrived with my regiment (the Forty-seventh Alabama) within ra~nge of the enemys batteries that had opened on the advancing columns of our army. We were allowed to rest a few minutes, when we were again ordered to advance and take our position under the range of the en- emys guns. We advanced along the road for the distance of a mile, with the enemys shells bursting over our heads; but as we were within the range given to their guns no damage was done to my regiment. When the position d@sired by our brigade commander w~ gained we were ordered to join our line of Inittle and lie down. By this time the ca~ Page 208 208 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [ChAP. XXIv. nonade was in quick succession. The men under my command behaved themselves very well, although somewhat confused at the bursting of the shells over their heads; but after remaining a short time they became quiet. We remained about forty minutes in this position ~vithout sustaining any loss, when the order was given by General Tal- iaferro to advance in line of battle. I repeated the command to the regiment, when they advanced in tolerable order the distance of 50 yards, when we approached a fence, which we crossed, and found our- selves iu the presence of the enemys infantry, which had opened on us with some effect. I formed my men in line of l)attle about 300 yards from the line of the enemy and opened fire on them. Although it was the first battle any of my men had ever been iii, yet they be- haved themselves very well, and returned the fire in quick snccession and a good deal of deliberation. Affairs remained in this position for about twenty minutes, when we found ourselves attacked from a very unlooked-for quarter. The enemy, having flanked us, had come around to our rear, and were pouring heavy volleys on us at the distance of 40 paces. As soon as I discovered this new enemy, I gave the com- mand to face about. A few companies of the right wing obeyed the command, but the left, not understandin ~ the order and being sub- jected to a severe cross-fire, gave way and retreated across the field. As soon as the left gave way the right also got into confusion and fol- lowed the left. I made repeated efforts to rally the regiment, but find- ing it impossible to do so under the cross-fire they were subjected to, I followed them across the field and over a hill that screened them from the balls of the enemy. As soon as they fonnd themselves out of range they halted and began of themselves to rally to their standard. I encouraged them as much as my exhausted state from fatigue and feeble health would permit, and soon had the satisfaction of seeing most of them returning to duty. I ordered the colors to advance, which they did, and the regiment followed, though without any line of battle. I remained behind sending up tliose that showed less inclina- tion to advance. I soon found it would be impossible to get them in regular line, and therefore staid a few paces in the rear, hnrrying to [those] that lagged behind and preventing them from firing among those in advance. We continued to advance in this open way to within 200 yards of the enemy, drawn up in another field on the opposite side of the field. The advance of our line at this point made a halt, and very deliberately returned the fire of the enemy. I encouraged those in the rear to advance as far as their friends had, and soon had the satisfaction of seeing them slowly make their way to the front. The front line, seeing the rear advance, also advanced, and the enemy in a few min- utes began to give ground. At this point we were charged by a body of cavalry, but meeting with a galling fire from our line they retreated with considerable loss. Our men now advanced in quick time and the enemys retrograde move became a complete rout. We continued to pursue them from one field to another until about 9 p. in., when our men, becoming exhausted, made a halt and took no further part in the action. The number of killed in my regiment was ii mcmi and 1 captain Captain Menefee, who fell at the time we were flanked by the enemy~ The captain conducted himself with great gallantry and the regiment has sustained a great loss in his death. We had also 90 men wounded, including those that were wounded slightly. I think the wounded, with a few exceptions, will recover. p1ay~d by the Vorty-s~veiith The above, sir, is an outline of the par Page 209 CHAP. XXIV.) CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 209 A labama Regiment in the late action between Generals Jacksons and Popes forces near Culpeper Court-House. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. W. JACKSON Lieuten#~nt-Oolonel, Forty-seventh Regt. Alabama Vole. Col. [A. G.] TALIAFERRO, (Jorndg. Third Brigade, Army Valley [District]. No. 44. Report ~f Ijeut. Col. Abner A. Hughes, Forty-eighth Alabama Infantry. AUGUST 13, 1862. SIR: I have the honor of submitting the following report of the movements of the Forty-eighth Regiment Alabama Volunteers dnring the engagement on the 9th instant at Cedar Creek: This regiment, being ordered to support General Ewells division, was l)laced in position in the woods and in rear of that division. After re- maining in this position for some time we were ordered to cross the big road into an open field and form line of battle on the right of the Twenty- third Virginia Regiment. A hill lying between us and the enemy, we were ordered to advance to its brow, when, coming in full view of the enemy, we opened fire upon them and continued without cessation for some length of time. Finding the enemy had flanked our position, we were obliged to change, which was readily done, and after falling back for a short distance we again advanced upon the enemy, driving them before us at every point~ continuing to drive them until dark, when we slept upon the battle-field. The officers and men of my command behaved gallantly, it being the first time they had been under fire. There a-re a few instances of valor which I might notice, but when all did so nobly and so well I can but return my sincere thanks to both officers and men. Inclosed please find a report of the casualties in my command1* and I remain, sir, Most respectfully, your obedient servant, A. A. HUGHES, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. Forty-eighth Alabama Regt. Col. A. G. TALIAFERRO, Comdg. Third Brigade, Army Valley [District.] No. 45. Report of Maj. Joshua Stover, Tenth Virginia Infantry. CAMP FRESCATTI, VA., Augw9t 13, 1862. In accordance with orders from Headquarters Third Brigade I have the honor to submit the following report of the services rendered by Embodied in No. 27. 14 R RVOL XII, PT I Page 210 210 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAr. XXIV. the Tenth Regiment Virginia Volunteers, in the Third Brigade, Army Valley [District], in the battle oIi~ Cedar Run on August 9: About 5 p. in. Thursday, 7th instant, this regiment, with the balance of the brigade, and in rear of the brigade, marched in the direction of Orange Court-House. After marching about 7 miles, the regiment, with the balance of the brigade, bivouacked near Orange Court-House. On Friday morning at early dawn we took up the line of march iu the direction of Culpeper Court-House, marching in front of the Twenty. third Virginia Regiment, which was then in the rear. After marching about 5 miles and about 1 mile north of the Rapidan River we were ordered to halt and cook two days rations, which consumed the bal- ance of the day. The regiment bivouacked at the same place for the night. About 2 oclock in the night we were aroused, our pickets being attacked by the enemys cavalry, and marched promptly with the bal- ance of the brigade to resist the attack, but the enemy retired before we arrived on the field. We remained on the field until early dawn, when we were fliarCllC(l back to camp. At 8 oclock on Saturday morning, the 9th instant, we took up the line of march, the Thirty-seventh Virginia Regimemit and Forty-eighth Alabama Regiment in front and the Twenty-third Virginia and Forty. seventh Alabama R~girnemmts iii the rear. The regimemit kept well closed up, and after marching about 7 miles under an excessive hot sun we arrived about 4 oclock in sight of the enemy, (irawn up in line of battle. The brigade was then drawn up in line of l)attle under a gall- ing fire of shot and shell from the enemys guns, by which we suffered considerably. This regiment (being (letached by order of Brigadier- General Taliaferro, through Mm~j~r Taliaferro, to prolong the line of bat. tIe on the left) was promptly thrown on the extreme left, on the left of the main road leading to Culpeper Court~House, with the Forty- seventh Alabama Regiment, the Thirty-seventh and Twenty-third Vir. ginia and Forty-eighth Alabama Regiments being on the right of the road near a wheat field, where we immne(liately engaged the enemy un- der a heavy fire of infantry. After being engaged some time the regi- ment upon my right gave back, and I, seeing that we were about to be flanked by the enemy on our right, was compelled to retire a short dis- tance. We agaimi rallied, attacking the enemy the second time, holding our position until, the First Brigade coming up on our left, a charge was made throngh the wheat field, driving the enemy from the field, in which charge a number of prisoners were taken. The brigade was again formed in line of battle in the wheat field and marched in an easterly direction some distance through a corn field in pursuit of the enemy. Night coining on, we were ordered to halt and await further orders. Snbseqnently we were ordered to retire to a ravine in the corn field, where we remained during the night, the engagement being at an end. For a list of casualties I refer you to the accompanying report of the surgeon.* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, JOSHUA STOVER, Major, Gomdg. Tentk Regiment Virginia IYoluntcers. -Captain COLEMAN, Assistant Adjutant-General. Embodied in No. 27 Page 211 CRAP. XXTV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 211 No. 46. Report of Licut. Got. Simon I. 1Valton~ Twenty-third Virginia Infantry. AUGUST 13, 1862. The Twenty-third Virginia Regiment left its camp at this place with Lhe rest of the army on the evening of August 7. It marched about 8 miles that night and bivouacked near Orange Court-House. The march was resumed early next morning, but not continued for more than a few miles, when it again haltod for the purpose of cooking two days rations, rest, & c. During the night a portion of the enemys cavalry fired upon our pickets and attempted to cut off our train of wagons. Our regiment was ordered to support the picket, which it did, lying on its arms nearly all nioht Some time after midnight our main guard was driven in and the regiment double-quicked half a mile to meet the enemy. There was a sharp skirmish for a few minutes and the enemy was routed. We took 1 prisoner and captured 2 horses. During this skirmish Lieutenant Trice, of Company U, was badly wounded in the neck. Lieutenant Winston, of Company A, was also wounded. The army, or at least our portion of it, had a long and distressing march on the 9th to the field, where on that evening was fought the battle of Cedar Creekdistressing on account of the excessive heat and scarcity of good water. The brigade reached the baffle-field about 4 oclock. This regiment, which had been on the left during the day, was detached and sent to the right, where it was ordered to lie down in the woods, just in rear of Pegrams battery, for the purpose of supporting it. Here it remained nearly an hour exposed to the shells of the enemy, which were tearing the forest to atoms. The enemys artillery then ceased to fire and the regiment ordered to advance, which it did through the open field in line of battle, with the Thirty.seventh Virginia on its left. When in 400 yards of the enemys line fire wa~ opened on them and continued for some time, when we were ordered to fall back a short distance (the Thirty-seventh Virginia having already done so) in order to be out of reach of a crossfire upon our left flank, which was very close and very destructive. It fell back in some confusion. It was during this retreat, and while attempting to stop it, that the lamented Lieutenant-Colonel Curtis received his mortal wound. The regiment again formed, advanced, and continued to advance, success- fully i~epnlsing a charge of the enemys cavalry, taking prisoners of rank, until they were ordered by General Jackson to stop the pursuit. The regiment behaved well, and there were individual instances of great gallantry, but it might be invidious to mention them. Inclosed please find a list of killed and wounded of the regiment in the battle of Cedar Creek. Respectfully submitted. S. T. WALTON, Liezaenant-Gotonez, Gomm~~nding Regiment. Col. A. U. TALIAFERRO, Oomi~anding Third Brigade. P. S.Color-Bearer John P. Waddy, Company U; Sergt. William A. Walton, and Corpl. John M Booker, of Company 1, behaved with great * Embodied in No8. 27, 42 Page 212 212 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXtV. gallantry and deserve well of their country. Several others did their duty as good soldiers. No. 47. Report of Maj. II. C. Wood, Thirty-seventh Virginia Infantry. CAMP NEAR GORDONSYILLE, VA., August 13, 1862. In making my report of the part acted by the Thirty-seventh iRegi. nent in the action on Cedar Creek on the 9th instant, it is necessary for me to state that it was late in the engagement when the command devolved on me, consequently I was not informed as to the position we were to take until after we had gone on the field. Being marched into the woods in rear of our batteries, we were ordered to lie down there to support them. Lying there for some time, very much exposed to the enemy~s shells, which were continually bursting over and around, we were then ordered to the field. Coming into the field, taking position on the left of the Twenty-third Regiment (which regiment was on the extreme right of the brigade), we were marched forward, crossing a small hollow to the brow of a low eminence, from which position the enemy in three columns in battle order opened fire on us, which was gal- lantly returned by my men, which continued, the action soon becoming general. In this position the action continued for some time; the first line of the enemy giving way, the second were thrown into the utmost confusion, when the left of this regiment, being left unprotected and un- supported by the Forty-seventh and Fortyeighth Alabama Regiments having given way, and being thus exposed to a fire in front, rear, and on the left flank, was compelled to give way, which was taken up by each company from the left, not, however, until after we received orders to fall back, which was done in tolerably good order by most of the companies, some, however, becoming a little confused. I soon suc- ceeded in rallying the mennot until a great many of them were killed by being exposed to fire from the front and left flank. As soon as they were rallied they advanced gallantly to the contest, driving the enemy from before them in every direction. it i~ proper to state here that this regiment would have been able to maintain its position had the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Alabama Regiments been able to have maintained theirs. I must express my thanks to the officers and men of this regiment for the gallant manner in which they conducted themselves during the whole engagement; and where all conducted themselves so gallantly it is impossible to mention particular individuals, although there were those whose gallant conduct renders them worthy of the proudest position. II. C. WOOD, Major, Commanding Thirty-seventh Virginia Regiment. Col. A. 0-. TAMAFERRo, Commanding Third Brigade. Page 213 CUAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 213 No. 48. Report of Lieut. J. C. Carpenter, Carpenters Virginia Battery. CAMP NEAR GORDONSYILLE, VA., August 14, 1862. SIR: In obedience to circular issued from Headquarters Valley Dis. trict on the 13th instant, I have to make the follewing report of the part taken by this battery in the action at Cedar Run on August 9: I received orders early in the afternoon to take my Parrott piece to the front, which was promptly executed, placing it in position within 700 yards of five or six pieces of the enemy. Major Andrews thinking it would he rather an unequal contest, ordered [me] not [to] commence firing until Captain Poague could bring his [guns] in position, when we commenced firing, which was soon returned most vigorously; but a short time sufficed to force them back some 300 yards, when we advanced about half that distance, where we kept up firing until their infantry, who attempted to flank us, were within 150 or 200 yards of us and our infantry falling back past us. Moving to the right some 200 yards [we] came into position again, the infantry still falling back. I again limbered up and, from carelessness of the drivers, broke the pole, when with difficulty [we] got the piece off, leaving the limber on the field, which I had repaired as soon as the Yankees were driven back, being reaily for service by 9 oclock. The other three pieces were brought up under range of the enemys guns, but not ordered into posi- tion. The detachment which was engaged deserves particular notice as hav- ing done their (luty, some two or three of them having exhausted them- selves so [they] felt unable to do anything. Sending word back to the captain, he started to bring me a new detachment, when he was wounded in the forehead. W. M. McAllister (private) shot through the arm; the only man wounded. I also have to report Private William J. Winn as having left the company that morning without leave, and not being seen till the next day, which he has been in the habit of doing. J. C. CARPENTER, Lieutenant, Commanding Battery. Colonel RONALD, Commanding First Brigade, Vafle~,i Dietrict. No. 49. Report of Capt. William T~ Poague, Rockbridge (Va.) Artillery. CAMP NEAR GORDONSYILLE, VA., August 14, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the par.t taken by the battery under my command in the battle of the 9th instant at Cedar Run: About 3 p. in., by order of Major Andrews, two Parrott guns were taken to the front along the road leading to Culpeper Court-House. These, along with Captain Carpenters Parrott piece, were, by direction of Major Andrews, posted in the road so as to enfilade4he enemys bat- teries, then engaging our batteries on the right. The caissons were lef Page 214 214 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. behind some distance, there not being room to station them in rear of their pieces. After firing about half an hour one of my pieces, becom- ing unserviceable from enlargement of the vent, was sent to the rear. The other continued its fire until the enemys skirmishers approached within 200 yards, and having exhausted the ammunition in the limber- chest it was ordered back to its caisson and the chest refilled. By the direction of General Jackson it was afterward posted in the field on the right of the road. My 12-pounder was also brought forward. In con- junction with Captain Carpenters gun and one of Lieutenant Marks a ral)id fire was opened on the enemys batteries, by which several of their guns were silenced and compelled to leave the field. The enemys in- flintry were now advancing through the corn field in front, and I felt con- fident we would be able to drive them back, having been re-enforced by a battery of four guns. At this juncture our own infantry advanced, sur- rounding the guns, thus causing them to cease firing. No position could be gotten afterward without danger to our own infantry. About 9 p. m. the battery joined the brigade, and that night slept on thQ battle-field. I~n this engagement I am happy to report no serious casualtiesonly 1 man wounded, Robert Vanpelt, slightly in left arm. Several others received very slight bruises from pieces of shell. It gives me pleasure to state that the conduct of all the men and officers, without exception, was most admirable. At the most trying moment, when our gallant and esteemed brigade commander and the ch.ief of artillery were cut down in their midst, they retained their ac- customed self-possession and nobly stood by their pieces. Even those two or three who in a former engagement behaved in an unsoldierly manner now acted well and bravely, as if determined to wipe out all traces of their previous conduct. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. T. POAGUE, Captain Rock-bridge Artillery. Capt. J. H. FULTON, A. A. A. G., First Brigade, Valley District. No. 50. Report of Ailiaj. Gem. Ambrose P. Hill, C. S. Army, commanding Light Di vi8 on. HEADQUARTERS LIGUT DIVISION, Camp Gregg, Al arch 8, 1863. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Light Division, under my command, at the battle of Cedar Run: On the night of August 7, 1862, my division, to which had been added the Louisiana Brigade, of Colonel Stafford, encamped around Giange Court-House. That night orders were received by me from Major-General Jackson to move at dawn in the morning, and in the following order, viz: Ewells, Hills, and Jacksons divisions. At the appointed time I was ready, with the head of my leading brigade resting near the street down which I understood Ewell was to pass, and ready to take my appointed place in the column of march. A little after sunrise a division commenced passing, which I supposed to be Ewells Page 215 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 215 One or two brigades having passed, I then recognized it to be Jacksons, and learned that Ewell had taken another route, by Liberty Mills. Of this no intimation had been given me. Not desiring to separate the brigades of this division, I awaited its passing and fell in in rear of it. Jacksons division was followed by quite a train of wagons, and such I understood to be General Jacksons order, and nothing had been sai(i al)out the trains in the order of march. My column progressed so slowly that I rode on to the river to see the cause of the delay. I there found that a portion of Jacksons (livision had not crossed and all were delayed by the passing of Ewells troops and trains, his r?oad join- ing ours at this point. I sent word to General Jackson that the trains were delaying the march of time troops very much, and to know if it was his order that the trains were to follow in rear of each division. Between 4 and 5 oclockthe wagons of Ewell still passing and a portion of Jacksons division still not having crossed the riverI re- ceived an order from General Jackson to go back to Orange Court- House and encamp tor the night. The head of my column having only made about a mile, I bivouac~ied the brigades where they were. That night I sent a note to General Jackson, at Garnetts house, that it would be impossible for inc to get along the next day with my artil- lery unless the roa(l was cleared of the trains; that, familiar with the country, if he would permit, I could take my division by a short road by the ford at Hollidays Mill and join him at any point he might designate. The reply 1 received was that the trains had been ordered from the road, and to move immediately by the route first designated, as it was his intention to be in Culpeper Court-House that night. Movingbefore daylight, Lawtons, Taliaferros, and other brigades were overhauled just as they were in motion. The enemy~s cavalry having made some demonstrations on our left, Gregg was ordered to remain at the ford and protect the crossing of the trains and as a guard on the march. My order of march was Thomas, Branch, Archer, Pender, Stafford, and Field. Arriving within about 6 miles of Culpeper Court- House, the heavy firing in front ga~-e notice that the battle had coin- menced. I was directed by General Jackson to send a brigade to the support of Taliaferro, who was in line of battle on the right of time main road. Thomas was seimt on this duty, and formed his line imnmediately in rear of Taliaferro. Lieutenant-Colonel XValker l)laced Pegrams and Fleets batteries in eligible positions in front of Earlys brigade (on Taliaferros right). Branch, Archer, and Pender as they came up were successively formed on the left of the road. Winders brigade, itnine- diately in front of Branch, being hard l)ressed, broke, and many fugitives came back. Without waiting for the formation of tlme entire line, Branch was immediately ordered forward, and J)assilmg through the brokeu brigade received the enemys fire, prom~)tly returned it, checked the pursuit, and in turn drove them back and relieved Taliaferros flank. The enemy, driven across an open field, had rallied in a wood skirting it. Branch was engaging when Archer came np, and with Pender on the left. The enemy were charged across this field, the brigade of Archer being subjected to a very heavy fire. General Thomas, on the right, had been ordered by General Jackson to the right and support Earlys brigade. Quite a large portion of both Earlys and Taliaferros brigades had been thrown into confusion, some of the regiments stand- ing firmthe Thirteenth Virginia, Twenty-first Virginia, and Twelfth Georgia. Thomas formed his line of battle along a fence bordering a corn field, through which the enemy were advanciimg. After a short contest here the enemy were hurled back. Pegrams and Fleets bat Page 216 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. teries (the latter under command of Lieutenant Hardy) did heavy execution this day, and drove back several attempts to capture their guns. The Fourteenth Georgia, under the gallant Colonel Folsom, having become separated from the rest of the brigade by our fugitives, charged the advancing enemy and with brilliant success. The enemy had now been driven from every part of the field, but made an attempt to retrieve his fortunes by a cavalry charge. Their squadrons, ad- vancing across an open field in front of Branch, exposed their flank to him, and, encountering a deadly fire from the Fourteenth Georgia and Thirteenth Virginia, had many saddles emptied and fled in utter dis- order. Much credit is due Thomas brigade for the admirable manner in which they acted under very discouraging circumstances. Tt was now dark and the field had been won. I was di~cted to follow the enemy. Colonel Stafford and General Field being now up, Staffords brigade was put in advance, and Field, with Pegrams bat. tery, next. The woods in our front having first been shelled for ~in~ minutes by all my batteries, Stafford advanced, feeling his way cau- tiously, skirmishing, and taking prisoners. Passing through the woods he came upon the enemy in force. By direction of General Jackson Pegram occupied a little knoll upon the margin of the field and opened fire. Field was thrown into line along the edge of the woods bordering the field and a little in rear of Pegram. Very soon a concentric fire from three batteries, at short range, was opened on Pegram, and his loss in men and horses was so great that he was soon silenced. No further attempt was made to advance. My brigades bivouacked upon the ground won, an(l next day were withdrawn a short distance back and the dead buried. Maj. J. G. FieJd and Capt. F. T Hill of forxner severely. . my staff; were wounded, the Killed. Womuded Officers 32 - 45 313 Total * 49 345 Very respectfully, A. P. HILL, Major-General. Licut. Col. C. J. FAULKNER, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Indorsoment.] HDQRS. SECoND CORPS, ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, March 19, 1863. Respectfully forwarded. The reason assigned by General Hill for his division not being next to Ewells on the day preceding the battle of Cedar Run renders it proper that the facts of the case should be stated. For the purpose of attacking the enemy at or near Culpeper Court-House I directed Generals Ewell and Hill to leave their encamp- ments on the 7th, and at dawn on the following morning to resume the march and move via Barnetts Ford. The positions of the two divis- ions were such that I did not require General Hills division to follow General Ewells on the 7th, but I did expect it to do so on the 8th, and See also No. 27 Page 217 CHAP. XXIv.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 217 such would have been the case had General Hill carried out the in- structions which I gave him before he left his encampment on the 7th to move at dawn on the morning of the 8th. Ewell moved early in the morning, and though he did not cross at Barnetts Ford, yet he passed near that point in coming into the road upon which the troops were to move. I passed the night probably three-quarters of a mile from the center of the village of Orange Court-House. After sunrise next morning I observed some of General Hills troops still where they had bivouacked, and such was my concern at their not having moved that I ordered my horse and rode to Orange Court-House, where I found General Hill, but did not see any of his troops with him. I spoke to him about his not having moved, and understood him to say that he was waiting for Jacksons division to pass. The sun was then probably over an hour high. The advance of Jacksons division had reached the town and halted. Desiring to avoid delay, I directed my icting assistant adjutant-general, Maj. E. F. Paxton, to order Jacksons division forward. Upon reaching Barnetts Ford, on the IRapidan, I found Ewells division moving by there. Had General Hill moved at dawn I could, had I deemed it necessary, have halted Ewells train be- fore it reached the road upon which General Hill was to move, and thus have brought the division of General Hill immediately in rear of that of General Ewell. As General Hill says that he was to move at dawn and follow Ewell, he should have expected Ewell to be in front and not in rear of him at that time. If lie believed that the division for which he was waiting to pass was Ewells, he could easily have sent some one and ascertained the fact. But though the better part of two hours had elapsed since the time fixed for marching, yet it does not appear that he had taken any steps to ascertain, but appears to have taken it for granted that the division which should have been in advance of him was in rear. No order was sent by me to General Hill to go back to Orange Court-House and encamp for the night. On the contrary, I sent a verbal order to him by my chief of artillery, Colonel Crutchfield, urging him forward, and also sent a written order to the same effect by a courier. T. J. JACKSON, Lieutenant- Gen~eral. No. 51. Report of Brig. Gem. Charles W. Field, C. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. HEADQUARTERS FIRsT BRIGADE, LIGHT DIVIsION, August 13, 1862. MAJOR: I have the honor to report that my brigade marched from Orange Court-House early on the morning of the 9th instant, bringing up the rear of the whole army. About 2 or 3 oclock cannonading was heard and I endeavored to push forward rapidly, but on account of detentions in tlie brigades in my front I did not reach the scene of action until sunset, when the firing was nearly over. Forming in line of battle on the field, I was directed by General Hill to push forward on the Culpeper Court-House road and press the retreating foe. After moving about 14 miles to the front the enemy was found in position on the left- of the road. Pc- gra~s battery, of my brigade, was directed by General Jackson t Page 218 218 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CITAP. XXIV. open with shell and canister, while I was ordered by General liii, who came up at that moment, to take position with -the infantry a little to the left front as support. Pegrams batteryof four guns onlywas soon replied to by three batteries of the enemy. This gallant officer maintained this unequal contest for an hour and until his guns were silenced by his losses in men. I remained in this l)OsitiOn until next morning, when I was withdrawn an(1 placed on picket in a wood on my left rear, being retired from that point late in the evening. It is proper to observe that several prisoners were captured by my brigade during the night. I have taken occasion before to speak of the distinguished services of Pegrams battery. It is sufficient to say now that it frilly sustained the reputation made on other fields. The battery sustained a heavy loss in the death of the brave and accomplished Lient. Mercer F~th- erston. A list of the killed, wounded, and missing is herewith inclosed.* I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. W. FIELD, Brigadier. General, Commanding. Maj. H. C. MORGAN, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 52. Report of Brig. Gen. James J. Archer, C. S. Army, commanding Brigade. HEADQUARTERS ARCHERS BRIGADE, GENERAL A. P. HILLS LIGHT DIVISION, August 14, 1862. MAJOR: I have the honor to report that early in the morniu g of the 9th instant I marched with my brigade, about 1,200 strong, constitut- ing a part of Major-General Hills division, from Orange Court-ilonse toward the battle-field. On arriving near the point where General Jacksons division was already engaged, I proceeded to form line of battle in the woods to the left of Branchs brigade, which completed its formation and advanced before my line was half formed. Supposing that I would be wanted in front immediately, 1 moved forward with the First Tennessee and Nineteenth Georgia Itegirnents, Fifth Alabama Battalion and Seventh Tennessee in line, leaving the Fourteenth Tennessee, which was in rear, to come up into line and overtake the brigade as it best could. I advanced several hundred yards in this manner, obliquing toward the right in order to get near the left of Branchs brigade, when I overtook its left regiment, which had become separated from its main body. In passing to the front of this regiment my line became somewhat broken, and I halted a few minutes for it to reform. During the time thus employed Colonel Forbes Fourteenth Tennessee Regiment came up into line, and I rode to the road, about 50 yards on my right, to ascertain whether they were our own or the en- emys troops firing there. I found it was Branchs brigade in the open field on the right of the road, and in a line even with that of my own, Embodied in No. 27 Page 219 CaAP. XXIV4 CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 219 halted and firing at an enemy in front. I rapidly returned to my bvi gade to move it forward, when I met Captain Taylor with orders from General Hill to advance. Immediately after, on reaching the edge 9f the wood, we encountered the long-range fire of the enemy posted in the margin of another wood beyond a wheat field. My brigade halted here and commenced a rapid fire, which it was several minutes before I could arrest and move the brigadeforward across the open field. In crossing this field I was exposed to a heavy fire from the enemy, who, from their position in the woods, were comparatively safe. My loss here was 19 killed and 116 wounded. After entering the wood and in passing through it, my two left regiments met and became to some extent mixed with the right of General Penders brigade, which was sweeping through from the left oblique across my course. From this point, by agreement between us, General Pender and I commanded the two bri- gades together without regard to the proper brigades to which the regi- ments belonged, he taking the right and I the left. I did not again meet with any opposition, but took a number of prisoners and continued the pursuit until night. Respectfully, your obedient servant, ~ ~. ARCHER, Brigadier-General. Maj. R. C. MORGAN, Assistant Adjutant- General, A. P. Hills Division. P. S.I beg to refer to the list of killed and wounded sent in yes- terday.* No. 53. Report of Brig. Gen. Edward L. Thomas, 0. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, LIGHT DIVISION, October 25, 1862. MAJOR: I have the honor to report that this brigade on August 9 was, by order of General Hill, turned from the line of march to the right of the road and ordered to report to General Jackson. By the latter, was placed in line at rest in the border of a wood; occupied this posi- tion a short time, then, by order of General .Jackson, reported to Gen. eral Hill. By him the brigade was placed in a wood with orders to support General Early, who occupied at that time the right of our line. After a short time, by order of General Jackson, it was directed to take position to the front and right. While this order was being executed a brigade in front of the Third was being forced back. One regiment (the Fourteenth Georgia) was ordered to support it, the Thirty- filth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-ninth Georgia Regiments occupying the extreme right of our line, with orders to hold that position. The ad- vance of the enemy was checked and this position was held until nearly dark, when an advance was ordered. We marched some distance * Ernbodiea in No. 27 Page 220 220 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. through the field and bivouacked that night upon the ground previously occupied by the enemy.# * * * * * * * I have the honor to be, major, with highest respect, your obedient servant, EDWD. L. THOMAS, Brigadier-General. Maj. H. C. MORGAN, Assistant Adjutant-General, Light Division. No. 54. Report of Brig. Gen. James H. Lane, C. S. Army, commanding Fourth Brigade. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIGADE, November 14, 1862. I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this brigade in the various engagements from Cedar Run to Shep- h~dsto~~n, inclusive. The report must necessarily be imperfect, as I was not in command of the brigade until after General Branchs fall, while most of the officers who commanded the different regiments are now absent and did not leave with the assistant adjutant-general any account of the part taken in the various battles by their respective commands: BATTLE OF CEDAR RUN. After a long, rapid, and weary march we reached the battle-field at Cedar Hun on the afternoon of August 9, and took the position assigned us in line of battle by General Branch in the woods to the left of the road leading to the Run,the rightof the Thirty-seventh resting on the road, the Twenty-eighth, Thirty-third, Eighteenth, and Seventh being on its left. The Twenty-eighth, Thirty-third, Eighteenth, and Thirty-seventh moved cheerfully and irresistibly forward and in perfect order through the woods upon the enemy, who had succeeded in flanking the Firm4 (Stonewall) Brigade, of General Jacksons division, which was rapidly giving way. The enemys infantry were soon driven from the woods into the field beyond, and both infantry and cavalry were finally driven in great disorder from the scene of action. Many prisoners were taken, and many others deserted their colors and voluntarily surrendered themselves. After advancing in line beyond Cedar Hun we were half- wheeled to the right and marched across the road through a field of corn and over an open field until we reached the left of the forces under Brig. Gen. W. B. Taliaferro, where we were halted. It was then dark, and the infantry firing had ceased in all directions. During the entire engagement the officers and men behaved as well as could be desired, notwithstanding the disorderly manner in which some of the troops we were ordered to support fell back. Lieutenants Dunn and Coltrane, of the First Virginia (Irish) Bat- talion, tendered me their services on the field, as they had been left without a command. I put them in charge of two companies of the * Portion here ommitted printed on pp. 702,703 Page 221 CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. CHAP. XXTV.l 221 Twenty-eighth Regiment (previously commanded by sergeants) and both discharged the duties assigned them only as brave men can do. Our loss was 12 killed and 88 wounded. I did not see the Seventh Regiment after we were ordered forward, and as Colonel ilaywood is absent I will submit so much of Captain Turners report as relates to the part taken by his regiment in this engagement: When the brigade moved forward this regiment, for causes unknown to the writier, did not move for several minutes, and, consequently, was considerably behind the brigade. We were finally ordered forward, but had not proceeded more than 100 yards when we were halted and the line dressed. By this time the brigade was entirely ont of sight. We marched forward, and were again halted and the line dressed. We next wheeled to the right and marched into a road running nearly perpendicular to our original line of battle. Colonel Haywood at this point left the regiment to look for General Branch. The command then devolved upon Capt. R. B. MacRae, who, hearing heavy firing in our front, was just on the eve of ordering the regiment in that direction, when Colonel Haywood returned with orders from General Jackson. We then marched by the right flank to a wheat field, on the left of the Culpeper road, and formed on a hill in rear of and nearly perpendicular to the bri- gade, which was then at the bottom of the hill and in the same field. We marched forward at a double-quick to the support of General Taliaferros division, which we fbund engaging a force of the enemy concealed in a corn field. We had fired several roun(Is, when the enemy broke and fled. We pursued them about three.quarters of a mile, taking about 30 prisoners, including 2 commissioned officers, when we were halted by command of General Taliaferro and marched to a point on the Culpeper road,where we joined the brigade and bivouacked for the night. The regiment sus- tained a loss of 1 man killed and 1 wounded in this action. * * * * * * * Yery respectfully, JAMES II. LANE, Maj. IR. C. MORGAN. * Brigadier.General. No. ~55. Report of Brig. Gen. 19. OB. Branch, C. S. Army, commanding Bri gade, with extracts from his journal. IIDQRS. BRANCHS BRIGADE, A. P. HILLs DIVISION, August 18, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that on Saturday, August 9, while on the march toward Culpeper Court-House, I was ordered to halt my brigade and form it in line of battle on the left of and at right angles to the road. The formation was scarcely completed before I was ordered to advance in line through the woods and thick undergrowth, a heavy musketry fire being heard not far from my front. I had proceeded about 100 yards when I commenced meeting the men of a brigade, which had preceded me, retreating in great disorder and closely pursued by the enemy. Opening ranks to permit the ffigit~ves to pass, and pressing forward in unbroken line, my brigade met the enemy, who had already turned the flank of General Taliaferros brigade, which was on the right of the road. Not in the least shaken by the panic-cries of the fugitives, and without halting, my regiments poured volley after volley into the enemy, who broke and fled precipitately through the woods and across the field. On reaching the edge of the field I discovered the enemy in force on the opposite side, and halting my brigade in an eligible posi- tion, opened fire along the whole line. For a time the enemy stood Portion of General Lanes report here omitted printed on pp. 67~i677 Page 222 2~2 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. their ground, but we were within good range across an open field, and the execution we were doing, clearly perceptible to the eye, compelled them to commence breaking. Now it was that their cavalry attempted to charge npon General Taliaferros brigade, which had partially rallied after I had cleared their flank. The cavalry moved diagonally across my front, presenting to me their flank. The combined fire of Talia. ferros brigade (in front) and mine (in flank) broke up the column and sent it fleeing to the rear. My brigade Pumediately moved forward in pursuit of the retreating enemy, and while I was hesitating in the field, in doubt what direction I should take, Major-General Jackson caine up, and by his order I changed front so as to incline to the right, and pushed on to a point some (listance in advance of the battle-field, at which he had ordered me to halt. The battle having terminated in a complete rout of the enemy, my men slept on the ground they had so bravely won. My officers and men behaved finely, and I refrain from discrinlina- tions. Such was their steadiness that I was able to preserve my line of battle unbroken throughout the day. Capt. F. T. Hawks and Lient. J. A. Bryan, of my staff, were with me and conducted themselves gallantly. Your obedient servant, L. OB. BRANCH, Brigadier-General. Maj. B. C. MORGAN, Assistant Adjutant- General. Extract from General Branch~ journal, covering period August 613. AUGUST 13, 1802. I am now, with my brigade and the balance of A. P. Hills division, encamped 5~ miles from Gordonsville, on the road leading to Orange Court-House. We reached here last night. I will give you a brief journal of our movements since I wrote: On Wednesday (6th) we left the camp on the other side of Gordons- ville and marched until 9 oclock at night, when we went to sleep in a field on the ground. We travel without any baggage with us. Thursday we marched through plantations and by-roads and slept in a field, which we reached about 12 oclock at night, near Orange Court- House. Friday we passed through Orange Court-House and stopped within 2 miles of it on the Rapidan to wait for the commissary wagons to bring up something to eat. Saturday morning at 1 oclock we were roused by picket-firing in front and the brigade was immediately under arms. In a few minutes I received an order to march forward. Continued the march [without] stopping until about 2 oclock in the evening, when our advance came up with the enemy, posted and ready to give us battle. General Jack- son was present in person to command on our side. General Ewell was ordered to take possession of a mountain on our right. General Jack- sons own division, commanded by General Winder, was on the left. General Hills division was placed behind General Jacksons to support it. The battle commenced and raged for a short time, when General Jackson came to me and told me his left was beaten and broken, an Page 223 ChAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 223 the enemy was turning him and he wished me to advance. I was already in line of battle and instantly gave the order Forward, march. I had not gone 100 yards through the woods befbre we met the cele- brated Stonewall Brigade, utterly routed and fleeing as Thst as they could run. After proceeding a short distance farther we met the enem5r pursuing. My brigade opened upon them and quickly drove the enemy back from the woods into a large field. Following up to the e(lge of the field, I came in view of large bodies of the enemy, and having a very fine position, I opened upon them with great effect. The enemys cavalry attempted to charge us in two columns, but the fire soon broke them and sent them fleeing across the field in every direction. The infantry then retreated also. Advancing into the field, I halted near the middle of it, in doubt which direction to take. Just at that moment General Jackson came riding up from my rear alone. I reported my brigade as being solid and asked for orders. My men recognized him and raised a terrific shout as he rode along the line with his hat off. He evidently knew how to appreciate a brigade that had gone through a hot battle and was then following the retreating enemy without hav- ing broken its line of battle, and remained with me directing my move- ments until the l)ursuit ceased. We returned and slept on the battle- field among the (lead and wounded. After remaining there and near by until Monday at dark, we were orered to light large camp-fires, and immediately after dark the army commenced moving back, and our division reached this place last night. We gained a splendid victory and the credit of it is due to imiy bri. gade. I was among my men all through the fight and they were brave and cool. Most of my cowards have been got rid of in one way and another. The weather has been intensely hot and we have been exposed to the sun all day, nearly the whole country along the roads being cleared up. On-the day of the battle I was so feeble that I had been riding in my ambulance all day and was scarcely able~ to walk fifty yards, but the excitement braced me up, and ever since I have been in better health than at any time since we started on the expedition below Itich- mond On this trip to Culpeper we were accompanied by 1,200 baggage wagons~ but they make a column so long that we can make no use of their contents, and they had just as well be left behind entirely. It is generally supposed that General Jackson travels without baggage, but it is a great mistake. I think he carries too much. The secret of the celerity with which he moves is that he spends very little time in cam-ps. What I have mentioned about the battle relates only to the part my own brigade took in it. Other brigades were engaged that did well, but none contributed so much to gain the day as I did. It is reported that General Lee is at Gordonsville, and that Long. streets division is arriving there as fast as the railroad can bring them. This is a hard service we are on, but it is of the utmost importance to our success in the war, for here is the vital point. I often think how little is seen of the real hardships of war by those soldier~~ who are sta- tioned about Kiuston, Petersburg, and other such places, yet they have far more of the public sympathy and admiration than we do. A Philadelphia paper, which I got from a prisoner laken at the battle, contained a letter from Nashville, in which it was stated that amon Page 224 224 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. others General Branch had been sent out of Tennessee to the South. 1 have no doubt it referred to brother James. Speaker Bauks was the general I was opposed to. We strewed the ground with the enemy, while our loss was compar. atively small. The battle was almost without a precedent for the dis. proportion between the killed on the two sides. L OB. BRANCH. No. 56. Report of Gol. Leroy A. Stafford, Ninth Louisiana Infantry, commanding Second Louisiana Brigade. HEADQUARTERS SECOND LOUISIANA BRIGADE, August 14, 1862. I very respectfully submit the following report of the action and position of this brigade, nuder my command, at the battle of Cedar Creek on the 9th instant: With my command I reached, by double-quicking, the battle-field just in time to hear the last gun fired and to witness the struggles of the retreat. Immediately after forming line of battle the brigade was thrown forward as the advance guard, and for a quarter of a mile through a dense woods heavy skirmishing was kept up between the skirmishers of the enemy and those of my own deployment. In an open field after passing th~ skirt of woods I found the enemy in large force, much superior to my own, and in line of battle. By orders of General Jackson with my brigade I formed a line of battle along a fence separating the field from the woods, and at right angles-with the main road by which I was advalicing. I was severely shelled at Vari- ous times during the night, while the firing of the skirmishers was periodical from a little after dark until near 11 oclock next morning. The entire brigade remained in line of battle until ordered back at or near 10 a. m. 10th instant. The following companies were deployed as skirmishers and behaved with that coolness and gallantry that entitles the officers and men to the highest praise, viz: Company A, Captain Grigsby; Company B, Captain Cummings, and Company D, Captain Hodges, of the Ninth Louisi& na Regiment. The casualties of the brigade were 20 wounded and 4 killed. Deeply do I regret to state that the following-named officers (and a few privates who could not be detected) absented themselves without leave during that period of the engagement in which my command par- ticipated, viz: Lient. B. F. Jackson and Captain Singeltary, of the Ninth Louisiana Regiment. All of which is respectfully submitted. L. A. STAFFORD Golonel, Commanding Second Louisian~ Brigade. Maj. Gen. A. P. H114 Page 225 Cr~r. XXTV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 225 No. 57. Report of Brig. (len. William D. Pender, C. S. Army, commanding Sixth Brigade. HEADQUARTERS SIXTH BRIGADE, LIGHT DIVISION, [August 21)?], 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to state that, in obedience to your orders, I formed my brigade on the left of General Archers, on the left of the road going from Cedar Run to Culpeper, in the battle on the 9th instant. As he had moved forward before my line was complete, and as I had to move throngh thick woods, I found myself some distance to his left on coming into a field, and conseqnently flanked to the right; but on re- ceiving a request to go to the support of troops in front, which were being flanked on the left, faced about and moved to the left until I had reached the wood on the extreme left of our position, and then I moved to the front. This maneuvering placed my line obliquely to that of General Archer, and as we moved forward came together again, and from this time co-ol)erated. However, before we had joined our troops, I met the enemy, repulsing him with lieavy loss in almost the first round. He made but slight resistance again during the evening. I thought it prudent during my advance to detach the Twenty-second North Caro- lina to operate well on my left, as it looked probable that I might be flanked in that direction. This turned out to be timely, for as we ad- vanced into the field after dusk a body of cavalry was seen on the left, but it soon scampered off, as this regiment was coming up in its rear and our advance was cutting it off. General Archer and myself ad- vanced well to the front, and halted until we could feel our way with skirmishers in the wood on the opposite side of the IRun. At this time we had gotten to the right of the wood. Here we received orders to halt,, and remained until late, when we were ordered to the road to fol- in the pursuit. My loss in killed was only 2, in wounded 11, and in missing 2, making a total of 15. The officers and men behaved well. Lieutenant-Colonel Gray and Major Cole, Twenty-second, * and Captain Ashford, Thirty-eighth, * handled their men skillfully, showing great coolness. Captain Ashe, my assistant adjutant-general, deserves notice for his conduct, being found at every point almost at the same time, cheering the men; and Lieutenant Young, my aide-dc-camp, acted with his usual efficiency. Language cannot express the appreciation I have for his services in action. [W. D. PENDER] No. 58. Report of Lieut. Gol. R. L. Walker, C. S. Army, commanding Artillery Battalion, Light Division. MARCH , 1863. MAJOR: I have the lionor to submit the following report of -the part taken by the artillery of the Light Division in the battle of Cedar Run, August 9: At about 3 p. in., all my batteries being in park near the house of * Nortli Caroliun regiments. 15 U UVOL XIII 1T I Page 226 226 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MI). [CHAP. XXIV. I received an order from Maj. Gen. A. P. Hill to carry forward all my long-range guns, which order I immediately obeyed, but was unable to get more than two of my batteries in position, as the road was so blocked up with wagons and ambulances as to prevent any more artillery from reaching the front. The two batteries placed in position were those of Captains Pegram and Fleet. I posted them in position on the field and near the center, passing through the gate, at which I found Captain Caskies battery, which had converged the fire of the enemy to a point necessary to be passed by all of our troops. Captain Pegrams battery and Captain Fleets battery, the latter corn- manded by Lient. W. B. Hardy, were posted, as stated above, near the center of the field and within 150 yards of the enemys skirmishers, Lieutenant Hardy being in front. These batteries were supported by the brigade of Brigadier-General Early, and held their position for at least half an hour, and after the infantry, with the exception of the Thirteenth Virginia Regiment, bad fallen back from them. So soon as I saw the Light Division make its appearance I ordered the batteries to retire, the loss in both men and horses being considerable. Reports of these losses have already been made to the proper officer. I moved forward as soon as possible with all the artillery at my corn- in and, and by General Hills order brought the batteries of Captains Pegram, Braxton, Latham, and a part of Captain Fleets battery, to bear upon the point supposed to be occupied by the enemy. At 10 oclock that night, after firing about eight rounds from each gun, Captain Pegram was sent forward with Colonel Staffords brigade and had for an hour or more a severe fight with the enemy, losing sev- eral men and horses and inflicting considerable loss upon the enemy. Next morning at daylight I was ordered by General Hill to select a position much to our left and on south side of the creek, which I did, placing two batteries of mine, viz, Captains Fleets and Davidsons, and one of General Earlys. This position commanded the enemys camp, somewhat to their rear. Captain Pegram and Lieutenant Hardy inflicted great loss on the enemy on Saturday evening, and their conduct, with that of the men under their command, cannot be too highly commended. The batteries of my command were all retired on Sunday evening, Captain Braxton bringing np the rear and retiring by half battery. I have the honor to remain, major, your obedient servant, R. L. WALKER, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding Artillery Battalion. No. 59. Report of Maj. Gen. Richard S. Lwell, C. S. Army, commanding Third Division. RIoIn~IoNn, VA., March 6, 1863. SIR: I have the honor to report as follows the movements of my division at Cedar Run on August 9, 1862: My division followed the cavalry advance, and when we reached the south end of the valley the enemys cavalry were seen in strong force in our front. A reconnaissance was made and artillery fired on the enemy, which drove them back, soon to reappear. It was evident that the enemy intended to make a stand at this place Page 227 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 227 Shortly after 1 oclock my division was ordered forward, Ear1y~~ 1)rigade, under cover of the woods, to the left Trimbles and ~ liii gades on the right; Pements Maryland Artillery, Browns Chesa- 1)cake Artillery, and DAqnins Louisiana Artillery were posted in the valley, and served with effect under the general direction of Major Courtney in the plain. I reached the point of Slaughter Mountain with the two brigades of Trimble and Forno and established from a commanding position Latimers battery, with a section of Johnsons, under Lientenant Terry, which opened with marked effect on the enemy, drawing much of the artillery fire which had been concentrated against our left wing. Captain Latimer was advanced later in the evening, so as to obtain a more effective position. The enemy moved a section of artillery to meet this tire and protect their left flank. Captain Latimer exhibited his usual coolness and judgment. Major Lowther was ordered forward with the Fifteenth Alabama, deployed as skirmishers, against the enemys left flank. They were exposed to the fire of artillery, which they supported with unflinching bravery, and led the later movements from our right. I found a mill-pond stopped the farther progress of our right, and for a short time the only approach against the enemy was swept by our batteries in the valley. When this difficulty was removed the two brigadesTrimbles on the right and in advance. marched under a heavy fire from the enemys artillery against the bat- tery on their left, the front covered by skirmishers from the Fifteenth Alabama, the brigade advancing en Jchelon of regiments. The enemy hastily abandoned the field, leaving their wounded, several loaded ammunition wagons, and a piece of artillery. As it was too late to distinguish friend from foe, and shouting was heard to my left rear of the line of battle, I halted to communicate with the center, now advancing under General Early in a direction to intersect my line of march. While waiting I received orders to join the left wing, under the major-general in person. Night stopped the pursuit, and next morning I was remanded to Slaughter Mountain. An armistice having been agreed on to bury the dead, General Early returned to the field with a detachment from his brigade, and while there removed six wagon loads of arms, besides burying nearly 100 dead left by the 6ther divisions of the army, and which would not have been buried but for his energy. General Early, though on duty since the battle of Malvern Hill, was still so enfeebled from the effects of a wound received at Williamsburg as to be unable to mount his horse without assistance. I beg to call the attention of the major-general commanding to the gallant and effective service rendered by General Early, rel)ulsing repeated attacks of the enemy, contributing largely in driving him from the field. I beg leave to recommend him for promo- tion, and also heartily indorse his recommendation for the promotion of Colonel Walker o general. , f the Thirteenth Virginia, to the rank of brigadier- My staff present were Lieut. Col. J. M. Jones and Capt. G. Campbell Brown, Adjutant-Generals Department; Lient. T. T. Turner, aide-de- camp, and Lieutenant Itichardson, Engineer Corps. These officers were, as usual, active and efficient in the performance of their duties. Lieu- tenant Elliott Johnston, aid~~ dc-camp to Brigadier-General Garnett, vol- unteered on my staff for the battle, and here, as well as afterward at Bristoc. I profited largely by his activity, coolness, a~nd intelligence. This officer was severely wounded at Sharpsburg. His valuable and long sci vices to the Confederacy, most of the time without rank, entitle him to promotion Page 228 228 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. tunA?. XXIV. I inclose herewith reports from Captain DAquin, Louisiana Battery; Major Courtney, chief of artillery; Colonel Walker, Thirteenth Virginia; Colonel Forno, commanding Hays (Louisiana) brigade, and Generals Trimble and Early. My losses were: Killed. Wounded. Earlys brigade. - 16 145 Trimbles brigade 1 17 Fornos (Hays) brigade 8 Total 17 178 Respectfully, R. S. EWELL, Major-General. Col. C. J. FAULKNER, Assistant Adjutant- General. Ko. 60. Report of Brig. Gen. Jubal A. Early, 0. S. Army, commanding Fourth Brigade. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIEtADE, THIRD DIVISION, August 14, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to make the following report of the oper- ations of my brigade in the battle on Cedar Creek, near Slaughter Mountain, in Culpeper [County], on Saturday, the 9th instant: Early on the morning of that day I was ordered by Major-General Ewell to move forward to the cavalry camp of General Robertson, pick- eting the road at suitable points to the right and left, so as to prevent surl)rises by the enemy~5 cavalry on our flanks, and the Forty-fourth Virginia Regiment and six companies of the Fiftysecond Virginia Regiment were detached for that purpose. With the balance of the brigade I reached General Robertsons headquarters. After some time spent in observing the enemys cavalry in our front my brigade, by direction of General Ewell, was advanced on the road toward Culpeper Court-House to a school-house at the intersection of a road from Madi- son Court-House with the road to Culpeper Court-House, and was l)laced in the woods by the side of the road, the Thirteenth Virginia being extended to the left behind the school-house, so as to command the road from Madison Court-House; the Fifty-eighth Virginia Regi- ment being placed in a clump of pines to the right of the Culpeper road, so as to command the fields to the right, and the rest of the bri- gade along the edge of the woods to the left of the latter road, between the Thirteenth and Fifty-eighth Regiments. While this operation was going on two pieces of Captain Johnsons battery, under Lieutenant Terry, which had been carried to the right near the foot of the mount- ain, opened on the enemys cavalry, as did some pieces in front of General Robertsons headquarters, and were responded to by some pieces of the enemy, posted in rear of their cavalry toward Culpeper Court-House, but this firing lasted only for a few minutes, and the enemys cavalry, which had at first moved back, soon returned to its former position. After I had remained near thb school-house something less than an hour, Capt. A. S. Pendleton, of General Jaokson8 staff Page 229 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 229 came to tue and informed me that General Jackson had ordered an ad- vance; that General Trimble would advance on the right over the side of the mountain (Slaughter), supported by the Louisiana Brigade, of General Ewells division, and that I would advance from the position I then occupied, and be supported by General Winder with three bri- gades of General Jacksons own division, and he directed me to ad- vance as soon as I received a message from General Winder that he was in position to support me. While waiting for the message from General Winder I reconnoitered the ground in front, and the position of the enemys cavalry, which was in the fields of Mrs. Crittendens farm, to the left of the Culpeper road, deployed as skirmishers, sup- ported by about a squadron in reserve. My command was concealed from this cavalry, and I determined to advance upon it, if possible, so as not to be seen until within a short distance of it and I discovered a way which I could, in all probability, do so. On riding back to the school-house I found a conner from General Winder with the informa- tion that he was ready. I then commenced my movement, being about 2 p. in., and made a detour to the left, passing through the edge of a woods and behind a hill until I reached the place where I proposed to form my hne of battle. In making the advance from this position I found it necessary to march the greater portion of the brigade in line across a corner of woods through which the Culpeper road leads, so as to get in reach of the cavalry. I sent forward the Thirteenth Virginia Regiment, under Col. James A. Walker, deployed as skirmishers, a short distance into the woods behind which I desired to form line of battle,~and as soon as the skirmishers had advanced the required distance the brigade was formed in a meadow on the north of a branch of Cedar creek, in an oblique direction to the Culpeper road and to the left of it. While the line was forming a few shots were heard on the left of the skirmishers, which proved to have been fired on a body of cavalry, which immedi- ately gave way. As soon as the line was formed I directed the skir- inishers to advance, taking care to bear to the right, so as to cross the road and conie into the fields beyond, in order to form upon the brigade, and ordered the brigade forward sen ment, which was on the right, by ding the Twelfth Georgia Itegi- flank to form behind a ridge, beyond which was the enemys cavalry. The brigade nioved forward through the woods in handsome style until it came up with the Twelfth Georgia Regiment, when the whole advanced until it came in sight of the enemys cavalry. About this time Colonel Walkers skirmishers com- menced firing, as did the regiments on the right, and the cavalry scam- pered off. The brigade continued to move forward, swinging around the corner of the woods and coming out into the open field in line of battle. It had by this time got to the right of the Culpeper road and moved in pursuit of the enemys cavalry through the fields in a direc- tion parallel to the road until it came to a farm road running from Mrs. Crittendens house, on the right, perpendicularly to the Oulpeper road. Here it was halted for a few minutes behind a fence running along the farm road, and the Thirteenth Regiment was drawn in and formed on the left. The fence was then pulled down and the brigade moved forward in line to the crest of a hill which commanded a view in front of what afterward proved to be the battle-field. As soon as the brigade reached the crest of this hill three batteries opened on it, and a large body of cavalry was discovered in a wheat field in front to the left. I ordered the men to retire a few steps arwi lie down, so as to avoid the effects of the enemys artillery. The Seventh and Eight Page 230 230 OPERATIONS TN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (OTEAP. XXTT. Brigades were then some distance to the right on the side of the mount- ain, and General Winders command was about three-quarters of a mile to the rear. The hill sloped down in front, and farther on was a corn field running back to the crest of the next hill, along and behind which were posted the enemys batteries, and it was evident that there was a depression behind this hill in which large bodies of infantry might be concealed. There was woods also on a hill in the rear of the wheat field, in and behind which infantry might be placed under cover, ~nd to the left was a woods through which my flank might be turned. The opening of the batteries and the halting of the cavalry in its flight con- vinced me that the enemy intended to make a stand here and that he was in force. The hill upon which I was being a commanding one, from which the enemys movements might be observed, and, though my left was exposed, being a strong position in itself if the woods on my left could be occupied, I determined to hold it, and sent my aide (Licut. S. II. Early) back to General Winder for re-enforcements, with direc- tions to come along the Culpeper road, as that was clear. My left at this time rested on the Culpeper road where it runs between the field in which I was and the woods to the left. General Winder was met with the head of his column just crossing the branch of Cedar Creek, half a mile in my rear. A short time after Lieutenant Early was sen6 to General Winder I sent lVlaj. A. L. Pitzer (a volunteer aide) to ask that some pieces of artillery should be sent up. Before this request could be complied with by General Winder, Captain Brown, of the Chesapeake Artillery, with one piece, and Captain iDement, with three pieces, came up through the fields in rear on a gallop, and were posted, by my direction, a little in advance of my right near a clump of cedars, where they had a good cover for their horses and caissons and occupied a commanding position. They very soon opened fire upon the enemy, and were followed in a short time by some 1)ieces from General Win- (icrs command from the corner of the field where the road from Mrs. Crittendens crosses the Culpeper road. About this time the pieces with the Seventh and Eighth Brigades opened fire from the mountain, and a very brisk cannonading was kept up for some timeperhaps for two hours or more. The shells from the enemys pieces burst over and around my men constantly, doing sonic damage occasionally, but not a great deal. I observed that the fire from our own guns was having considerable effect,and Isawone of the enemys batteries compelled to change its position. In the early part of the cannonading I sent an aide to tell General Winder that the enemys batteries might be attacked with advantage by the left, but in a short time afterward movements were observed in front that induced the belief that the enemy was sending infantry to our left, and notice of this was sent to General Winder, with the caution to be on the lookout; but just before my aide reached the place where General Winder was this gallant officer received a mortal wound from a shell, and the information was communicated to General Jackson in person, he having arrived on the ground. Not long afterward a line of skir- mishers from the enemy was seen advancing across the corn field in front and several regiments in rear supporting them. A body of in- fantry also commenced moving up toward my right, which rested near the clump of cedars where the guns of Brown and IDement were posted. The hill there falls oft~ rather abruptly to the right, and as infantry could have come up under cover of this hill very near to me, I sent to General Jackson for a brigade to support my right, which was promised. The enemys skirmishers had halted in the edge of the corn field neares Page 231 CNAP. XXIV.) CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 231 us, as had the regiments which supported them, and before the brigade promised me came up, very unexpectedly to me, several of our pieces from the left dashed down the slope of the hill in front of my left to within close range of the enemys skirmishers, which they had not seen. The enemys skirmishers and the infantry in their rear commenced moving and firing on them immediately, and seeing their danger, I at once ordered my brigade forward at donble-qnick, which order was complied with, the men rushing down with a shout and reaching the pieces just in time to save them. At the same time a fire was opened from the woods to the left by some troops of General Winders com- mand, and the infantry fight thus began. The enemys front regiments soon began to give way, and other regiments were seen advancing through the wheat field to the left and additional regiments through the corn field in my front. I rode to my right, and threw the Twelfth Georgia Regiment to the left along the crest of a ridge, which made a curve in front, affording it a very good natural defense and enabling it to give the enemy a flank fire. Just as T completed this movement I observed a brigade passing from the rear to my right, which proved to be one of Major-General Hills brigades, commanded by Colonel Thomas. I immediately proceeded to post this brigade to the right of the Twelfth Georgia Regiment and at right angles with it, where it also had a strong position. After getting. this brigade in positiondaring which operation my whole left was excluded from my viewI rode to- ward the left, and found that the pieces of artillery that had been ad- vanced had retired, and that the left regiments of my brigade and all the troops to their left as far aslcouldsee had fallen back,and the enemy were advancing up the slope of the hill. I saw at once the crit- ical position in which we were placed. The Txvelfth Georgia Regiment the four companies of the Fifty-second Virginia Regiment, with Liea tenant-Colonel Skinner, and a part of the Fifty-eighth Virginia l{egi- ment, under Major Kasey, of my own brigade, had not given way, and Colonel Thomas brigade was still left on my right. These troops were then isolated and in an advanced position, and had they given way the day in all probability would have been lost. I could not,therefore,go to rally those of my regiments which were retiring, but dispatched Major Hale, my acting assistant adjutant-general, lo do so, and I im- mediately rode to the right to urge the troops there to hold their posi- tion. After (loing this I rode again toward the left and discovered the enemy retiring before some of our troops which were again advancing. These I discovered to be a por.~tiou of my own brigade, which had been rallied, and a part of General Taliaferros brigade. I rode up to them, and while I was here the enemy attempted to retrieve the fortune of the day by a cavalry charge along the Culpeper road, which was, how- ever, successfully repulsed by a fire from the Thirteenth Virginia Regi- mentColonel Taliaferros regiment, of General Taliaferros brigade and a number of parties from other brigades. This was after sunset, and the troops which had rallied and driven the enemy back advanced into the corn field. I rode off to the right again and found the troops there maintaining their ground against a body of infantry in front of Colonel Thomas brigade, which kept its position for some time. The ammunition of my own regiments being nearly exhausted, as was that of Colonel Thomas brigade, I directed them to maintain their ground at all hazards and use the bayonet if necessary, and they did not waver for a moment. I did not order an advance from this position because it would have had to be made under great disadvantages and with great danger of being attacked on th Page 232 232 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CRAP. XXIV. right flank. The position of these troops was all the time, until the enemy had entirely given way, in advance of the line, and I was satis- fied that they could accomplish more by maintaining their position than by advancing. A little before dusk the last of the enemys regiments left the ground on the advance of our troops to the left into the corn field, and we were left masters of the battle-field. In a short time I was informed by Major-General Hill, who came where I was, that General Jacksons order was to advance in pursuit of the enemy on the Culpeper road and that his division was advancing. I informed him of the fact that the whole of my ammunition was exhausted, and that my brigade was much fatigued and in some confusion; but as he expressed the opinion that I ought to advance, 1 collected the brigade and did advance until I was met by General Ewell, who had come up from the right, and was by him ordered to wait until the other two brigades of the division came upon the road from the right and follow them, which I did, and was shortly after halted and ordered to bivouac for the night. Johnsons battery, attached to this brigade, had accompanied the Seventh and Eighth Brigades, and its movements were under the direc- tion of the major-general commanding the division. I have since ascertained that the giving way of the regiments on my left, which has been mentioned, was caused by the fact that the brigade on their left gave way before the enemys infantry which advanced throngh the wheat field, and that the enemy got into the woods on the left and fired into their rear. This disorder was confined to the Twenty-fifth, Thirty-first, and part of the Fifty-eighth Virginia Regi- ments. Colonel Walker, who was on my extreme left, maintained his position with his regiment (the Thirteenth) and part of the Thirty. first Virginia Regiment until they were left alone and the enemy were firing into their rear in the field. He then ordered them to retire, but he again formed them and bronght them forward, and contributed very largely to the final repulse of the enemy, advancing as far as any of our troops were advanced until after the conclusion of the fight. I call especial attention to his report. He is a most efficient and gallant officer, who is always ready to perform any duty assigned him, and the men of his regiment are capital fighting men, there being none better in the army. When Colonel Walker is in front with his iuen deployed as skirmishers I feel secure against an ambuscade. I respectfully and earnestly recommend him for promotion to the position of brigadier- general. Lieutenant-Colonel Terrill, of the same regiment; Lieutenant-Colonel Skinner, commanding the Fifty-second Virginia Regiment; Lieutenant- Jackson, commanding the Thirty-first Virginia Regiment (se- verely wounded); Major Kasey, commanding the Fifty-eighth Virginia Regiment; Major iligginbotham, commanding the Twenty-fifth Vir- ginia Regiment, and Capt. William F. Brown, commanding the Twelfth Georgia Regiment, all acquitted themselves with great gallantry. The brigade generally acquitted itself well. The disorder in some of the regiments was, as before stated, after the troops on their left had given way and the enemy had gotten on their flank and rear, and it was after Lieutenant-Colonel Jackson, of the Thirty-first, afid Major Higginbotham, of the Twenty-fifth, Virginia Regiments were both wounded and carried to the rear, leaving their regiments, which chiefly participated in the disorder, without commanders. The conduct of the Twelfth Georgia Regiment, with~which I was more than any other, elicited my especial approbation. It is a gallant, fight Page 233 CHAP. XXIY.1 CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 233 ing regiment, and I have had occasion before to notice its good conduct. Its commander in this action, Capt. William F. Brown, who is over sixty years of age, displayed great coolness, con rage, and energy. He is eminently deserving the command of a regiment, and I recommend him for promotion to fill the first vacancy that may occur among the field officers of the regiment. Captain Lilley, of the Twenty-fifth Virginia iRegiment, with a small body of his regiment, including the color-bearer, attracted my attention by the gallantry displayed by them in advancing among the foremost after the regiment had got into disorder. A body of men from the Thirty-first Virginia Regiment, around their colors, advancing in the same way, attracted my attention by their gallantry. I was particularly struck by the bravery exhibited by the color-bearers of these two regiments, who, with these small bodies of men around them, were waving their flags in the very front, as if to attract a fire upon them, and advancing all the while. Captain Brown, of the Chesapeake Artillery, and Captain Dement displayed great courage, energy, and efficiency, themselves loading and firing their pieces when their meu were exhausted. I was attracted by the conspicuous gallantry exhibited by Colonel Taliaferro, of the Twenty-third Virginia Regiment, whom I saw urging his men on. I can also bear testimony to the gallantry and good conduct of Colonel Thomas and the officers and men of his brigade, whose timely arrival rendered my right secure, and whose deadly fire contributed largely to the repulse of the enemy. My staff officersMaj. S. Hale, jr., acting assistant adjutant-general; Lient S. H. Early, aide-de-camp, and Maj. A. L. Pitzer, volunteer aide- de-campdisplayed great courage and energy in carryin~ my orders under fire and in rallying and encouraging the troops. They were everywhere on the field where there was danger, each having his horse struck under him. There were doubtless many cases of individual gallantry upon the part of-officers and men to which I am not able to do justice, and I do not wish it to be understood that they are intentionally overlooked. My effective strength in infantry on the morning of the 9th was 1,700, of which about 350 were left on picket. Subjoined is a list* of killed, wounded, and missing, showing 16 killed, 145 wounded, and 2 missing. Total, 163. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. A. EARLY, Brigadier. General, Commanding Brigade. Capt. (1. CAMPBELL BROWN, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Division. No. 61. Report of (Jol. Jame8 A. Walker, ThirteentA Virginia Infantry. AUGUST 14, 1862. I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of my regiment at the battle near Mitchells Station, fought on the 9th instant: *Embodied in No. 27 Page 234 234 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. After deploying regiment as skirmishers, as directed by the general commanding the brigade, we advanced into the woods between us and the enemy about 200 yards, where the left wing, commanded by Lieu- tenant-Colonel Terrill, encountered the enemys cavalry, consisting of a small squadron of two or three companies, that attempted to charge the line, but were driven back with a known loss of 2 men and 1 horse killed. Farther on in the woods the right wing came in sight of their vedettes, who retired, firing, at a safe distance until they fell back to the main body, drawn up in the field beyond. When we reached the edge of the wood I halted the line and opened fire upon the main body of their cavalry in the field and kept it up until the rest of the brigade came up, but the distance was too great to do much execution. When the rest of the brigade came up I was ordered to close my regiment and form on its left, which I did, and held that position while it lay behind our battery under fire of the enemys artillery, and advanced with it and the Third Brigade (immediately on my left) when ordered forward to the crest of the hill, and opened fire upon the enemys line advancing through the corn field beyond the branch. At this point the fighting was obstinate for several minutes, the enemy ad- vancing slowly but steadily until the brigade upon my left gave way and ran off the field in disorder. The panic thus begun was commu- nicated to two or three regiments on my right, which also fell back, leaving my regiment and a portion of the Thirty-first Virginia, com- manded by Lieutenant-Colonel Jackson, the only Confederate troops in that part of the field in sight of our position. Finding that one piece of artillery, which had been brought up on the right and a little in advance of my regiment, was thus placed in great jeopardy, I ordered my own and Lieutenant-Colonel Jacksons men forward to hold the enemy in check until it could be carried off. The men obeyed with alacrity, and advancing about 30 yards, opened a well-directed fire, which had the desired effect of checking the advance of that portion of the enemys line directly in our front until the piece was removed. We continued to hold our position for a few moments, holding the enemy in front in check, when, finding the cuemy had advanced under cover of the woods on our left, over the ground abandoned by the Third Brigade, and had crossed the road into the field considerably in rear of our position and were pouring a very annoying fire into my left flank, and seeing no re-enforcements in sight, I ordered my regiment to fall back, and car- ried it off obliquely to the right and rear in tolerable order. We had no sooner giveu up our position than the enemy, following, planted a Federal and a Maryland flag where ours stood a moment before, and opened fire upon us at very short range. We continued to fall back for about 200 yards, when, fresh troops coming up on our left and the enemy beginning to give back on that flank, I immediately halted my men and, reforming them upon the colors, advanced directly back to our former position, driving the two stand of colors before us. At this time the enemy brought up a fresh line through the corn field, and for ten minutes the firing was heavy and both sides stood firm, when the enemy began to give way along the whole line, and our troops, dashing forward with a shout, crossed the branch and cleared the field of their infantry. The enemys cavalry attempted to retrieve the fhrtunes of the day by charging our advancing and disordered lines, and dashed down the wheat field on the left of the road in gallant style. As their column was advancing on my left, with the main road between us, I advanced my men to the left and front up to the fence along the rOa(l at double-quick and gave them a flank ~ which, together with th Page 235 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 235 heavy fire from other regiments immediately in their front, was very destructive, and (Irove them fi on~ the field in confusion and disorder. After this charge the enemy made no further stand, and we continued the pursuit with the other troops until it was discontinued, when I left them in charge of Lieutenant-Colonel Terrill arid reported to the gen- eral commanding brigade. it would be impossible for troops to behave better than mine did on this day, with a few exceptions. They fought bravely, obeying all the commands of their officers promptly and cheerftdly, displaying through- out the whole day an amount of bravery and disciplined valor which I do not believe has been excelled during the war. I herewith inclose a report of the casualties on that day.~ I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, J. A. WALKER, Colonel Thirteenth Virginia Infantry. Major HALE, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Fourth Brigade. No. 62. Report of Brig. Gen. Isaac B. Trimble, C. S. Army, commanding Seventh Brigade. HEADQUARTERS SEVENTH BRIGADE, August 14, 1862. GENERAL: In compliance with your request I submit a statement of the operations of the Seventh Brigade on the 9th instant in the battle of Slaughter Mountain (Cedar Run): On the morning of the 9th, being in view of the enemys cavalry, I was directed to approach under cover and occupy a pine thicket about three-quarters of a mile from the enemys picket. This was done suc- cessfully undiscovered by the enemy, and a company ordered to sup- p.ort a battery placed on our right, which opened and drove back the cavalry scouts, who reformed again and returned to their first position after the artillery ceased firing. About 2 oclock I was ordered to advance through the woods on our right along the slope of Slaughter Mountain and occupy a favor- able position. About 3 oclock the brigade reached the northwest termination of the mountain, in an open space elevated about 200 feet above the valley below, and distant from the position of the enemys batteries about i~ miles, where we remained concealed from view. Having sent for you to examine this point, you decided to drag up Lat- imers battery, of my brigade, and place it in position, which was done promptly about 3.30 p. in., and fire opened with effect on the enemys batteries, which drew their fire from the front upon us. At 5 p. m. we first heard our musketry across the valley on our left (General Early~s advance). About 5 oclock some batteries were ad- vanced within half a mile of the enemy in our front and opened a brisk fire. Latimers battery, admirably served, drew throughout the action the attention of the enemys chief batteries, and thus aided ma- terially in deciding the result of the day. At 5 p. m. the Fifteenth ~Embodied in No. 27 Page 236 236 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. Alabama Regiment was sent out as skirmishers on the right, with orders to advance on the enemys flank. On seeing this movement a battery was turned on them for the rest of the day. About sunset, the action appearing to be general in front, by your orders the Twenty-first Georgia and Twenty-first North Carolina Regiments were ordered to advance, and gained the clump of woods in the valley 400 yards from the battery on the Federal left, followed by the Fifteenth Alabama. I here determined to charge the battery, but Latimers shot and shell, directed against it, was falling thick in the open space over which we had to pass, and I sent back Lieutenant McKim to direct him to cease his fire on this battery that we might charge it. While Lieutenant McKim was gone I sent two companies of skirmishers up the road, who deployed to the right along a fence and opened fire on the battery; sooi~ after which the brigade advanced to capture it, but found on reaching the top of the hill that the guns had been moved off a few minutes be- fore. It is to be regretted that the short delay in making the charge, caused by our own fire, enabled the enemy to get off his guns. The battery and troops in its support were, however, driven off by the ad- vance of the brigade, and thus the left of the Federal forces completely turned. At dark we had possession of the ground occupied by the Federal left, and soon after took possession of and removed some ambulances and ammunition wagons abandoned by the enemy, the remainder of which were removed the next day. The Seventh Brigade, with the army, followed the enemy I mile or more from the field, and biv- ouacked for the night on their former camp ground. Subjoined is a list of the killed and wounded. The small loss sus- tained by the brigade was in consequence of the positions selected throughout the day, which screened the men most of the time from the view of the enemy, even while advancing upon their battery on their left. Latimers battery was also protected from loss under a several hours incessant fire from three batteries of the enemy by the judicious position in which it was placed by you, preventing entirely the enemys shot from the effects of ricochet shot. Command. 15th Alabama Regiment 1 7 8 21st Georgia Regiment 3 3 21st North Carol inn Regiment 2 2 Courtney Artrnery .5 5 Grand total 1 17 1~ The only officers included in the above are the following: Twenty- first Georgia Regiment, Third Lieut. John F. Irvin, Company 1, wounded; Courtney Artillery, First Lieut. R. II. Vaughan wounded. Respectfully, I. R. TRIMBLE, Maj. Gen. R. S. EWELL, Brigadier- General. Gommanding Third Division. Page 237 Ca& p. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 237 No. 63. Report of Cot. henry Porno, Fifth Louisiana Infantry, commanding Ha~ys (or First Louisiana) Brigade. HEADQUARTERS HAYS BRIGADE, August 18, 1862. SIN: I have the honor to report the part taken by Hays brigade, now under my command, during the battle of the 9th instant, at Ce- dar Run. Although not actively engaged, the brigade, being held in reserve by General Trimbles command, were under fire and in range of the enemys shell and suffered considerably; a list of the casualties accompanying this report.* Very respectfully, yours, H. FORKO, Colonel Fifth Louisiana, Commanding Brigade. Capt. G. CAMPBELL BROWN, Assistant Adjutant-General, Third Division. No. 64. Report of JJfaj. A. 1?. Courtney, 0. S. Army, Chief of Artillery, Third Division. HEADQUARTERS THIRD DIVISION, August 15, 1862. SIN: I beg leave respectfully to make the following report of the operations of the artillery in this division in the fight of the 9th instant, at Mrs. Crittendens farm, near Slaughter Mountain, Culpeper County, Virginia. The battle was opened by the artillery of this division, which had been posted as presently [below] described, with orders not to fire until the infantry sent around to the left to fire upon the enemys cavalry skir- mishers had opened. Captain iDements (First Maryland) battery, Cap- tain Browns Chesapeake Artillery, also from Maryland; Captain IDAquins (Louisiana) battery, and the rifle gun of Captain Latimers battery were posted in a line from the main road, on the left of the mountain, on the right, and as far forward as Majors house. Captain Latimer, with three guns, and Lieutenant Terry, with Captain John- sons (Bedford) battery, were stationed by the major-general in person on Slaughter Mountain near the mansion house. From these positions the several batteries named opened upon a large body of cavalry in front as soon as the infantry opened upon their advanced guard from the woods on the left. The cavalry having at once fled, and the enemy opening with several batteries in our front and beyond effective range of our guns, I ordered the batteries on the plain to cease firing, and conducted them forward to the positions afterward taken and held by them until dark, Captain Latimer and Lieutenant Terry continuing their fire from the mountain. I ordered Captain Latiruers rifle to join the battery on the mountain, and leaving three of Captain Browns guns (two old 6-pounders and a howitzer), I carried the rest directly Embodied in No. 27 Page 238 238 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (OHM. XXIV. forward and posted Captain Dement, with two of his Napoleon guns, and Captain Brown, with his 3-inch rifle, on a little rise on the right of General Earlys brigade, on which there is a little clump of cedars and pines, about 600 yards from the enemys extreme right battery. The other section of Captain Dements battery (two Napoleons) and Captain DAquins batterynow having only three guns, having broken the axle of one in crossing the rough fields to get his positionI posted along a ridge behind Mrs. Crittendens house, i. e., between it and the enemys battery and about 800 yards from the battery on their ex- treine left. From these positions the batteries opened upon the bat. teries immediately in their front as soon as they took their positions and continued until dark, their ammunition fortunately lasting just until then. Captain Latiiner and Lieutenant Terry kept their positions on the mountain during the fight and kept up a constant fire. Though the effect of our artillery fire upon their batteries was evi- dently terrible, the enemy obstinately held their positions, except to move their pieces a little to the right or left occasionally to escape the deadly shower, an(l moving the battery on their right back to a knoll 300 yaids in rear soon after, they were fired on by the three guns of Captains Dement and Brown behind the clump of cedars. About sundown, the ammunition. being exhausted, the guns which had been in action on the plain and were under my immediate com- mand were ordered to the rear, and Cal)taill ~ three guns and Cal)tain Rivera, with two Parrott gunswhich had been kept out during the day on account of the want of experience of the company were sent forward to take their l)lace, but these did not fire. Captain Latimer and Lieutenant Terry [sic] about the same time. The enemy being (irawn back, both infantry and artillery were ordered forward by the major-general. As to the conduct of officers and men of those batteries on the plain to which I confined my attentioni can but speak in the highest terms. The officers and men of Captain Dements (First Maryland) battery the only one which had been in action beforeshowed more coolness and deliberation; but all, without a single exception, so far as my own knowledge goes or has been reported by company officers, were fired with the ardor of men determined to be free. Of Captain Latimer and Lieutenant Terry and their respective com- mands I am not able to speak, but I am informed they were under the eye of the major-general himself for most of thetime, and it is not necessary. The Manchester Artillery, being very thinly manned, was left in the rear. The whole number of guns of this division engaged was 16. Of these 6 were Kapoleons, 3 6-pounders, 3 12-pounder howitzers, and 4 3-inch Burton rifles. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, A. B. COURTNEY, Chief of Artillery, Third Division. Major-General EWELL. No. 65. Report of Capt. Louis B. DAquiu, Louisiana Guard Artillery. CAMP WHEAT, August 14, 1862. [I have the honor to ~uake the~ following] report of the behavior of th Page 239 CHAP. XXIV.] CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA. 239 officers and men of the Louisiana Guard Artillery in [the] late engage- ment of the 9th instant: The behavior of both officers and men of this command in the battle [of] the 9th was such as might be expected of men fighting for their homes and liberties. It would be doing injustice to the others to men- tion any one for better behavior. All seemed to have always been under fire. They behaved like veterans, although this was their first engagement. Besides, there was no opportunity for individual di~tinc- tion. There were none absent without leave, nor could I have made them leave even had I ordered it. L. E. DAQULN, Captain. No. 66. Report of Col. William B. Jones, & venth Virginia Cavalry. ORANGE COURT-HousE, VA., August 14, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the 9th instant my regiment was ordered on a reconnaissance near Madison Court-House. The march of 25 miles was made by sundown and without incident or dis- covery worthy of record. On returning to camp we first learned that the battle of Cedar Run had been progressing the greater part of the day, and moved on without a moments delay to the scene of action. Not being able to see you or General Jackson, by the advice of Gen- eral Hill I passed between the brigades of Generals Field and Early about dark for the purpose of pressing the enemy in retreat. After turning the woods on our right I came on the enemy, drawn up in such order and force as rendered a charge exceedingly dangerous. Holding our post for observation, couriers were sent to inform a battery sending out shells of inquiry of the position of the enemy. Before our artillery could be brought to bear a body of cavalry threatened us, but a gallant charge on our part soon caused them to take shelter under their in- fantry. We killed one of their horses. Now our artillery commenced shelling the position of the enemy, causing them to retire, and we fol- lowed as soon as we could safely from our own shell. A negro servant of an officer was captured near this point, from whom we gained the first information of the arrival of General Sigels force on the field. This intelligence was at once sent to the rear. The fierce cannonade, probably from the guns of this command newly arrived, swept the ground immediately in our rear, and compelled us to seek the shelter of a friendly hill until they had sufficiently amused themselves. The result of our advance was 11 privates, 3 lieutenants, and 1 negro cap- tured from the enemy. My thanks are due to Mr. Thomas Richards, independent scout, and to Lieutenant McCarty, acting adjuta~t of the regiment, for their activity, zeal, and courage displ4yed on this occasion. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. E. JONES, Colonel & venth Viryinia Cavalry General B. H. ROIIERTSON Page 240 240 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [Cai~. XXIV. AUGUST 13, 1862.Reconnaissance toward Orange Court-House and skirmish. Report of Brig. Gen. John Buford, U. S. Army, commanding Cavalry. HDQRS. CAY. BRIG., 2D CoRPs, ARMY oF VIRGINIA, August 13, 1862. I have the honor to report that, in obedience to instructions received from the major-general commanding Army of Virginia this morning, I proceeded in the direction of Orange Court-House with the First Ver- mont, Colonel Tompkins; First Michigan, Colonel Brodhead; First Virginia, Lieutenant-Colonel Richmond; Fifth New York, Colonel De Forest (cavalry regiments), and four pieces of artillery. About 3 or 4 miles from your headquarters I discovered the pickets of the enemy, and soon after two large bodies of cavalry, and the woods filled with footmen. A strong line of skirmishers was thrown out, who soon drove in the pickets. When in range of the enemy a few shells were thrown, which dispersed him in all directions. The footmen kept in the woods and fled by Rapidan Station. The cavalry fled down the Orange Court- House roads. I pursued them cautiously, fearing an ambuscade, to Crooked River, which had swollen to such an extent that my artillery could not cross. Part of the First Vermont and First Virginia Cavalry swam the river and continued the pursuit to Robertson River, which was so full and turbulent as to be extremely dangerous. In the pur- suit a good many prisoners, wounded in Saturdays fight, were found almost abandoned. Major Andrews, chief of artillery to General Jack- son, was found, badly wounded, at Crooked River, in charge of an as- sistant surgeon. The flight of the enemy after Saturdays fight was most precipitate and in great confusion. His old camp was strewn with dead men, horses, and arms. His flag of truce yesterday, to bury his dead, afforded some more time for his escape. The enemy to-day has the benefit of a hard rain, which put high water between us. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J~O. BUFORD, Brigadier-General. Col. GEORGE D. RUGGLES, Chief of Staff. AUGUST 1516, 1862.Expedition from Fredericksburg to Port Royal, Va. Report of Acting Master Nelson Provost, U. S. Navy, commanding United States Steamer Anacostia. UNITED STATES STEAMER ANACOSTIA, Fredericksburg, Va., August 16, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, agreeably to your orders, I went on board the steamboat Coopers Point, Capt. 0. Lachemeyer, with a detachment of 6 men of the crew of the U. S. gunboat Anacostia, and 25 of the Ninth New York Volunteers (Hawkins Zouaves), in com-~ mand of Lieutenant Herbert. The whole force was armed, and -we also had two brass howitzers, which are attached to Lieutenant Herberts company. Our point of destination was Port Royal (a small town, som Page 241 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 241 35 miles below Fredericksburg, on the Bappahannock River), where, we were credibly informed, regular communication was held with Rich- mond and Baltimore. On the way down I landed at several plantations, and found them deserted by the proprietors. From information received from contra- bands I was led to believe that recruits for the rebel army were being ferried across the river to Port Royal and passed thence to Richmond, and that arms, goods, and stores of various kinds were safely sent by the same route. Accordingly I hauled my vessel up the stream and waited for night. About midnight a negro brought me word that a wagon load of goods had arrived and was waiting transportation across the river. Taking Captain Lachemeyer and 10 men I ascended the bank, and a short distance from the ferry found and arrested 3 young men, who acknowledged that they were on their way to Richmond to join the rebel army. About half an hour later a party of 10 more, in a four-horse wagon, came up, and were met and held in talk by Captain iLachemeyer (who led them to suppose him to be a rebel soldier) until I arrived with a fresh detachment and took them prisoners. Part of them were armed with pistols, but a careful search of their baggage revealed no papers except some of little importance, which accompany this report. * J also destroyed several small boats at Port Royal, and burned the canal-boat whi river, the , ch they used to ferry persons across the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, NELSON PROVOST, Commanding United States Steamer Anacostia. Maj. Gen. ANIIBROSE E. BURNSIDE. AUGUST 16SEPTEMBER 2, l862.Campaign in Northern Virginia. SUM1V[AR-Y- OF TEE PRrNOIPAL EVENTS. kug. 16, 1862.The Army of Northern Virginia (Confederate) advances from Gor- donsville. 1617, lS62.Reconnaissance toward Lonisa Court-House. 17, 1862.Maj. Gen. James E. B. Stuart, C. S. Army, assigned to the com- mand of all the cavalry of the Army of Northern Virginia. 18, l862.Skirmishes near Rapidan Station and on Clarks Mountain. 1819, 1862.The Army of Virginia (Union) retires to north hank of the Rap- pahannock. 20, l862.Skirmishes at Raccoon Ford, Stevensburg, Brandy Station, Rap- pahannock Station, and near Kellys Ford. 21, l862.Skirmishes along the Rappahannock, at Kellys, Beverly (or Cun- ninghams), and Freemans Fords, etc. 22, l862.Actions at Freemans Ford and Hazel River and skirmishes along the Rappahannock. Raid on Catletts Station. 23, l862.Engagement at Rappahannock Station. Action at Beverly Ford. Skirmish at Fants Ford. 2324, 1862.Actions at Sulphur (or Warrenton) Springs. * Omitted. 16 R R.VOL XII, PT I Page 242 [CHAP. XXIV. 212 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. Aug. 2425, 1862.Actions at Waterloo Bridge. 25,1862.Skirmish at Sulphur Springs. 26, 1862.Capture of Manassas Station. Skirmishes at Bristoe Station, Bull Run Bridge, Gainesville, Hay Market, Manassas Junction, and Sulphur Springs. 27, 1862.Action at Bull Run Bridge. Engagement at Kettle Run, near Bristoe Station. Skirmish at Buckland Bridge (Broad Run). Skirmish near Salem. Skirmish at Waterford. 28, 1862.Engagement at Thoroughfare Gap. Engagement near Gainesville. Skirmishes at Centreville, Lewis Ford, and Hay Market. 29, 1862.Battle of Grovetou, or Manassas Plains. 30, 1862.Battle of Bull Run, Groveton Heights, or Second Manassas. Skirmishes at Lewis Ford and Waterloo Bridge. 31, 1862.Operations about Centreville and Chantilly. Skirmish at Germantown. Sept. 1, 1862.Battle of Chantilly, or Ox Hill. 2, 1862.Skirmishes near Fairfax Court-House, Falls Church, and Vienna. Affair at Flint Hill. Skirmish near Leesburg. Winchester evacuated by the Union forces. The Army of Virginia merged into the Army of the Potomac, under command of Maj. Gen. George B. MeClellaIt, U. S. Army. IR,EP0PTS, iETG.* ARMY OF VIRGINIA. No. 1.Return of Casualties in the Union forces, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the operations August 16September 2, 1862, inclusive. No. 2.Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel, U. S. Army, commanding First Corps, Army of Vir- ginia, of operations along the Rappahannock and the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 3.Col. John Beardsley, Ninth New York Cavalry, commanding Cavalry Bri- gade, of operations August 10September 5. No. 4.Lieut. Col. Charles Wetschky, First Maryland Cavalry, of operations August 21September 3. No. 5.Lieut. Col. Ferries Nazer, Fourth New York Cavalry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 6.Maj. Charles McLean Knox, Ninth New York Cavalry, of operations August 18September 2. No. 7.Col. William R. Lloyd, Sixth Ohio Cavalry, of operations August 21Sep- tember 3. No. 8.Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 9.Brig. Gen. Julius Stahel, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade and First Division, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 10.Col. Nathaniel C. McLean, Seventy-fifth Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 11.Col. William P. Richardson, Twenty-fifth Ohio Infantry, of operations Au- gust 2131. No. 12.Col. John C. Lee, Fifty-fifth Ohio Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. * See also general reports, pp. 493 Page 243 CHAP. XXIV.J CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 243 No. 13.Col. Orland Smith, Seventy-third Ohio Infantry, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 14.Maj. Robert Relly, Seventy-fifth Ohio Infantry, of operations August S-Sep- tember 2. No. 15.Lient. George B. Haskins, Battery K, First Ohio Light Artillery, of opera- tions August 22-30. No. 16.Brig. Gen. Carl Schurz, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 17.Capt. Michael Wiedrich, Battery I, First New York Light Artillery, of operations August 2230. No. 18.Capt. Hubert Dilger, Battery I, First Ohio Light Artillery, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 19.Col. Gust. A. Muhieck, Seventy-third Pennsylvania Infantry, command- ing First Brigade (Second Division, attached to Third Division), of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 20.Lient. Col. Stephen J. MeGroarty, Sixty-first Ohio Infantry, First Brigade, Third Division, of operations August 2431. No. 21.Maj. Franz Blessing, Seventy-fourth Pennsylvania Infantry, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 22.Col. Wlademeir Krzyzanowski, Fifty-eighth New York Infantry, command- ing Second Brigade, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 23.Maj. Stephen Kovacs, Fifty-fourth New York Infantry, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 24.Capt. Frederick Braun, Fifty-eighth New York Infantry, of operations Au- gust 2031. No. 25.Brig. Gen. Robert H. Milroy, U. S. Army, commanding Independent Brigade, First Corps, Army of Virginia, of operations August 1331. No. 26.Itinerary of the Second Corps, Army of Virginia, Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, U. S. Army, commanding, August 1-31. No. 27.Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell, U. S. Army, commanding Third Corps, Army of Virginia, of operations August 7September 2. No. 28.-Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 29.Brig. Gen. Abner Doubleday, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of engagement near Gainesville and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 30.Maj. Edward Pye, Ninety-fifth New York Infantry, of engagement near Gainesville and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 31.Lient. Col. J. William Hofmann, Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, of en- gagement near Gainesville and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 32.Lient. Col. Theodore B. Gates, Eightieth New York Infantry, Third Brigade, of operations August 18September 2. No. 33.Brig. Gen. John Gibbon, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Bilgade, of en- gagement near Gainesville and battle of Bull Run. No. 34.Lient. Col. Edward S. Bragg, Sixth Wisconsin Infantry, of engagement near Gainesville. No. 35.Brig. Gen. James B. Ricketts, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of opt~rations August 18-September 4, including engagement at Thorough- fare Gap and battle of Bull Run. No. 36.Col. Thomas F. McCoy, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, First Brigade, of operations August 1731, including engagement at Thoroughfare Gap and battle of Bull Run. No. 37.Lient. Col. Richard H. Richardson, Twenty-sixth New York Infantry, Sec- ond Brigade, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 35.Lient. Col. Calvin Littlefield, Ninety-fourth New York Thfantry, of the%attlo of Bull Run Page 244 244 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. No. 39.Maj. George W. Gile, Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 40.Col. Peter Lyle, Ninetieth Pennsylvania Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 41.Brig. Gen. John F. Reynolds, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations August 21September 5, including engagement near Gaines- ville and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 42.Brig. Gen. George G. Meade, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of operations August 21September 4, including battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 43.Lient. CoL Thomm L. Kane, Kanes Rifle Battalion, of skirmish at Catletts Station. No. 44.Brig. Gen. A. Sanders Piatt, U. S. Army, commanding brigade, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 45.Col. Gustav Waagner, Second New York Heavy Artillery, Reserve Corps, Army of Virginia, of action at Brill Run Bridge. No. 46.Lieut. James V. Lawrence, Second New York Heavy Artillery, of act-ion at Bull Run Bridge. No. 47.Brig. Gen. Jacob D. Cox, U. S. Army, commanding Kanawha Division, of reconnaissance to Dranesville, Herudon Station, and Frying Pan, Aug. 31. No. 48.Col. E. Parker Scammon, Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of action at Bull Run Bridge. No. 49.Lient. Robert P. Kennedy, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, of action at Bull Run Bridge. No. 50.Lient. Col. Augustus H. Coleman, Eleventh Ohio Infantry, of action at Bull Run Bridge. No. 51.Col. Carr B. White, Twelfth Ohio Infantry, of action at Bull Run Bridge. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. No. 52.Maj. Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman, U. S. Army, commanding Third Corps, Army of the Potomac, of operations August 14September 2, including engagement at Kettle Run, and battles of Groveton, Bull Run, and Chan- tilly. No. 53.Brig. Gen. Phillp Kearny, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 54.Brig. Gen. David B. Birney, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of the battle of Chantilly. No. 55.Itinerary of the Sixth Maine Battery, Capt. Freeman McGilvery, August 330. No. 56.Capt. George E. Randolph, Battery E, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, of the battle of Chantilly. No. 57.Capt. William M. Graham, Battery K, First U. S. Artillery, of the battle of Bull Run. No., 58.Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of en- gagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton, Bull Run, and Chantilly. No. 59.Capt. James F. Ryan, Sixty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 60.Maj. Moses B. Lakeman, Third Maine Infantry, Second Brigade, of the battle of Groveton. No. 61.Col. Elljah Walker, Fourth Maine Infantry, of the battle of Groveton. No. 62.Maj. Edwin Burt, Third Maine Infantry, commanding First New York In.. fantry, of the battle of Groveton. No. 63.Col. J. H. Hobart Ward, Thirty-eighth New York Infantry, of operations August 1531. No. 64.Lieut. Col. Nelson A. Gesner, One hundred and first New York Infantry, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run Page 245 CHAt. IXTY.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 245 No. 65.Itinerary of the Third (Berrys) Brigade, August 15-30. No. 66.Col. Orlando M. Poe, Second Michigan Infantry, commanding Third Bri- gade, of the battles of Groveton, Bull Run, and Chantilly. No. ~l7.Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of the condition of his division August 31. No. 68.Capt. George E. Randolph, Battery B, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, of engagement at Kettle Run. No. 69.Capt. Joseph C. Clark, Battery E, Fourth U. S. Artillery, of engagement at Kettle Run. No. 70.Brig. Gen. Cuvier Grover, U. S. Army, commanding First Brigade, of en- gagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 71.Col. William Blaisdell, Eleventh Massachusetts Infantry, of engagement at Kettle Run and battles ef Groveton and Bull Run. No. 72.Maj. Gt~rdner Banks, Sixteenth Massachusetts Infantry, of engagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 73.Capt. Joab N. Patterson, Second New Hampshire Infantry, of operations August 25-September 3. No. 74.Maj. Robert L. Bodine, Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations August 25-September 3. No. 75.Brig. Gen. Nelson Taylor, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of en- gagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 76.Capt. Charles L. Young, Seventieth New York Infantry, of engagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 77.Capt. Owen Murphy, Seventy-first New York Infantry, of engagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 78.Capt. Harman J. Bllss, Seventy-second New York Infantry, of operations near Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 79.Capt. M. William Burns, Seventy-third New York Infantry, of engagement at Kettle Run and battle of Groveton. No. 80.Col. Joseph B. Carr, Second New York Infantry, commanding Third Bri- gade, of operations August 15-30, including engagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 81.Lient. Col. William J. Sewell, Fifth New Jersey Infantry, of engagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 82.Lieut. Col. George C. Burling, Sixth New Jersey Infantry, of engagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 83.Col. Joseph W. Revere, Seventh New Jersey Infantry, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 84.Capt. George Hoffman, Eighth New Jersey Infantry, of engagement at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 85.Licut. Col. Robert Thompson, One hundred and Fifteenth Pennsylvania In- fantry, of engagment at Kettle Run and battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 86.Itinerary of the Fifth Army Corps, Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter, U. S. Army, commanding, August 14-September 2. No. 87.Capt. Augustus P. Martin, Battery C, Massachusetts Light Artillery, First Division, of operations August 15-September 20. No. 88.Capt. Richard Waterman, Battery C, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run and the Maryland Campaign. No. b9.Lieut. Charies B. Hazlett, Battery D, Fifth U. S Artillery, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. No. 90.CoL Charies W. Roberts, Second Maine Infantry, commanding First Bri- gade, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 91.Col. Elisha G. Marshall, Thirteenth New York Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 92.CoL Henry S. Lansing, Seventeenth New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of the battle of Bull Run Page 246 246 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAr. XXIV. No. 93.Capt. Robert T. Elliott, Sixteenth Michigan Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run and the Maryland Campaign. No. 94.Capt. William Huson, Twelfth New York Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 95.Maj. William T. C. Grower, Seventeenth New York Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 96.MaJ. Freeman Conner, Forty-fourth New York Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run and the Maryland Campaign. No. 97.Capt. Do Witt C. McCoy, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of the battle. of Bull Run. No. 98.Brig. Gen. George Sykes, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 99.Capt. Stephen H. Weed, Fifth U. S. Artillery, Chief of Artillery, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 100.Lient. Alanson M. Randol, Batteries E and G, First U. S. Artillery, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 101.Lient. William E. Van Reed, Battery K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 102.Lient. Col. Robert C. Buchanan, Fourth U. S. Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 103.Capt. John D. Wilkins, Third U. S. Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 104.Capt. Hiram Dryer, Fourth U. S. Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 105.Capt. Matthew M. Blunt, Twelfth U. S. Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 106.Capt. W. Harvey Brown, Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 107.Capt. David B. McKibbin, Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 108.Lient. Col. William Chapman, Third U. S. Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 109.Capt. Levi C. Bootes, Sixth U. S. Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. l10.Maj. Charles S. Lovell, Tenth U. S. Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 111.Maj. DeL. Floyd-Jones, Eleventh U. S. Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 112.Maj. George L. Andrews, Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 113.Col. Gouverneur K. Warren, Fifth New York Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 114.Col. John E. Bendix, Tenth New York Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. No. 115.Application of Maj. Gen. F. J. Porter, U. S. Army, commanding Fifth Army Corps, for an investigation of his conduct; findings and sentence of geu- eral court-martial iu his case; report of the Board of Officers assembled in 1878, and action of Presidents Hayes and Arthur. No. 116.Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin, U. S. Army, commanding Sixth Army Corps, of operations August 30. No. 117.Itinerary of the First Division, Sixth Army Corps, Brig. Gen. Henry W. Slocum commanding, August 16-31. No. 115.Col. Alfred T. A. Torbert, First New Jersey Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations August 29September 2. No. 119.Maj. William Henry, jr., First New Jersey Infantry, of action at Bull Run Bridge. No. 120.Col. Samuel L. Buck, Second New Jersey Infantry, of action at Bull Run Bridge. No. 121.Col. Henry W. Brown, Third New Jersey Infantry, of action at Bull Run Bridge. No. 122.Capts. Napoleon B. Aaronson and Thomas M. -Fetters, Fourth New Jersey Infantry, of action at Bull Run Bridge Page 247 Cnir. XXIV.I CAMPAIGN IN NORTT1Eh~N VIRGINIA. 247 No. 123.Maj. Gen. Jesse L. Reno, U. S. Army, commanding detachment Ninth Army Corps, of skirmish at Clarks Mountain, August 18. No. 124.Itinerary of the First Division, Ninth Army Corps, Brig. Gen. Isaac I. Stevens commanding, August 431. No. 126.Ool. James Nagle, Forty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, .oumanding First Irigad., of the battle of Groveton. ARMY OF NORTHRRN VIRGINIA. No. l~6.Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia during the battiss of Au- gust 28-September 1. No. 127.General Robert B. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Army of Northern Vir- ginia, of operations August 13September 2. No. 125.Surg. Lafayette Guild, C. S. Army, Medical Director, of the killed and wounded at Manassas Plains in August. No. 129.Capt. J. L. Bartlett, Signal Officer, C. S. Army, of battle of Manassas. No. 130.Lient. Gen. James Longstreet, C. S. Army, commanding First Corps, of op- eration~ Aug. 16Sept. 2, including battles of Groveton and Manassas, .te. No. 131.Col. John B. Walton, Washington (Louisiana) Artillery, of operations Au- gust 2331. No. 132.Capt. C. W. Squires, Washington Artillery, of engagement at Rappahan- nock Station. No. 133.Capt. J. B. Richardson, Washington Artillery, of the battle of Manassas. No. 134.Capt. M. B. Miller, Washington Artillery, of engagement at Rappahannock Station. No. 135.Col. Stephen D. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Light Artillery Battalion, of the battle of Manassas. No. 136.Maj. Gen. David R. Jones, C. S. Army, commanding division, of oporations August 15September 2. No. 137.Col. Henry L. Benning, Seventeenth Georgia Infantry, commanding Toombs brigade, of engagement at Thoroughfare Gap and battle of Manassas. No. 138.Capt. A. McC. Lewis, Second Georgia Infantry, of engagement at Thorough- fare Gap and battle of Manassas. No~ 139.Maj. F. J. Shannon, Fifteenth Georgia Infantry, of the battle of Manassas. No. 140.Capt. Stephen Z. He~rnsberger, Fifteenth Georgia Infantry, of engagement at Thoroughfare Gap. No. 141.Capt. John A. McGregor, Seventeenth Georgia Infantry, of engagement at Thoroughfare Gap. No. 142.Capt. Hiram L. French, Seventeenth Georgia Infantry, of the battle of Manassas. No. 143.Maj. J. D. Waddell, Twentieth Georgia Infantry, of engagement at Thor- oughfare Gap and battle of Manassas. No. 144.Col. George T. Anderson, Eleventh Georgia Infantry, commanding brigade, of operations August 23September 2, including engagement at Thorough- fare Gap and battle of Manassas, etc. No. 145.Brig. Gen. Cadmus M. Wilcox, C. S. Army, commanding division, of skir- nAsh at Kellys Ford and battle of Manassas. No. 146.Brig. Gen. Roger A. Pryor, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of the battle of Manassas. No. 147.Brig. Gen. Winfield S. Featherston, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of the battle of Manassas. No. 148.Brig. Gen. John B. Hood, C. S. Army, commanding division, of operations August 2231, including Freemans Ford, Groveton, and Manassas. No. 149.Maj. B. W. Frobel, C. S. Army, of operations August 2~30. No. 150.Col. William T. Wofford, Eighteenth Georgia Infantry, of operations Au~ gust 2930 Page 248 248 OPERATIONS IN ~. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV No. 151.Lieut. Col. M. W. Gary, Hampton Legion, of the battle of Manassas. No. 152.Lient. Col. P. A. Work, First Texas Infantry, of operations August 2930. No. 153.Lient. Col. B. F. Carter, Fourth Texas infantry, of operations August 2930. No. 154.Col. J. B. Robertson, Fifth Texas Infantry, of the battle of Manassas. No. 155.Capt. K. Bryan, Fifth Texas Infantry, of the battle of Manassas. No. 156.Col. E. M. Law, Fourth Alabama Infantry, commanding Whitings brig- ade, of operations August 2931. No. 157.Col. Montgomery D. Corse, Seventeenth Virginia Infantry, commanding brigade, Kempers division, of the battles of Groveton and Manaseas. No. 158.Brig. Gen. Nathan G. Evans, C. S. Army, commanding Independent Brigade, of operations August 2330. No. 159.Col. P. F. Stevens, Holcombe Legion, commanding Evans brigade, of opera- tions August 23September 2. No. 160.Col. F. W. McMaster, Seventeenth Sonth Carolina Infantry, of operations August 6-30. No. 161.Col. W. H. Wallace, Eighteenth South Carolina Infantry, of operations August 2330. No. 162.Maj. M. Hilton, Twenty-second South Carolina Infantry, of engagement at Bappahannock Station. No. 163.Capt. M. V. Bancroft, Twenty-third South Carolina Infantry, of operations August 6-30. No. 164.Capt. R. Boyce, Macbeth (South Carolina) Artillery, of operations August 2330. No. 165.Lient. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, C. S. Army, commanding Second Corps, of operations August 15September 3. No. 166.Capt. J. K. Boswell, C. S. Army, Chief Engineer, of operations August 1328. No. 167.Col. S. Crutchfield, C. S. Army, Chief of Artillery, of operations August 28-September 1. No. 168.Brig. Gen. William B. Taliaferro, C. S. Army, commanding First (Jacksons) Division, of operations August 2028. No. 169.Capt. Rawley T. Colston, Second Virginia Infantry, First Brigade, of the battles of Groveton and Manassas. No. 170.Capt. J. Q. A. Nadenbousch, Second Virginia Infantry, of operations August 2730. No. 171.Capt. J. B. Evans, Fourth Virginia Infantry, of operations August 2830. No. 172.Lient. Mordecai Yarnall, Twenty-seventh Virginia Infantry, of operations August 28-30. No. 173.Capt. George Huston, Thirty-third Virginia Infantry, of operations August 28-30. No. 174.Cot Bradley T. Johnson, C. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of opera- tions August 27September 2. No. 175.Col. Leroy A. Stafford, Ninth Louisiana Infantry, commanding Fourth Bri- gade, of operations August 12October 5. No. 176.Maj. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill, C. S. Army, commanding Second or Light Division, of operations August 20September 2. No. 177.Lient. Col. R. L. Walker, C. S. Army, commanding Artillery Battalion, of operations August 24September 2. No. 178.Brig. Gen. James H. Lane, C. S. Army, commanding Branchs brigade, of operations August 24September 2. No. 179.Brig. Gen. Samuel McGowan, C. S. Army, commanding Greggs brigade, of operations August 16-September 2. No. 180.Col. D. H. Hamilton, First South Carolina Infantry, of operations August 29September 2. No. 151.Lient. Col. Edward McCrady, jr., First South Carolina Infantry, of opera- tions August 28-30 Page 249 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 249 No. 182.Capt. George McD. Miller, First South Carolina Rifles, of opdrations August 2930. No. 183.Capt. Joseph J. Norton, First South Carolina Rifles, of battle of Ox Hill. No. 184.Lient. Col. Cadwalader Jones, Twelfth South Carolina Infantry, of opera- tions August 29-September 20. No. 185.Col. 0. E. Edwards, Thirteenth South Carolina Infantry, of the battles of Groveton, Manassas, and Ox Hill. No. 186.Capt. Joseph N. Brown, Fourteenth South Carolina Infantry, of operations August 30-September 2. No. 187.Brig. Gem. William D. Fender, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of opera- tions August 27September 2. No. 188.Brig. Gen. James J. Archer, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of operations August 24-September 2. No. 189.Brig. Gen. Edward L. Thomas, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of opera- tions August 28September 20. No. 190.Brig. Gen. Jubal A. Early, C. S. Army, commanding Third (or Ewells) Divis- ion, of opeTations August 16-September 1. No. 191.Col. Henry Porno, Fifth Louisiana Infantry, commanding Hays brigade, of operations August 26-29. No. 192.Brig. Gen. Isaac R. Trimble, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of opera- tions August 2227. No. 193.Maj. Gen. James E. B. Stuart, C. S. Army, commanding cavalry, of the Army of Northern Virginia, of operations August 16September 2. No. 194.Brig. Gen. Beverly H. Robertson, C. S. Army, commanding Cavalry Brigade, of operations August 20-30. No. 195.Col. Thomas T. Munford, Second Virginia Cavalry, of operations August 26- September 3. No. 196.Col. Thomas L. Rosser, Fifth Virginia Cavalry, commanding Lees brigade, etc., of operations August 2830. No. 197.Capt. Samuel B. Myers, Seventh Virginia Cavalry, of skirmish at Lewis Ford. No. 198.Col. A. W. Harman, Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, of skirmish at Lewis Ford. No. 199.Maj. Samuel H. Hairston, of scout to Warrenton, August 29. - No. 200.Maj. John Pelkam, Stuart Horse Artillery, of operations August 28-29. No. 1. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the operations August 16.-September 2, 1862, inclu.sive. [Compiled from nominal lists of casualties, returns, & c.] Killed. Wounded. Captm~ed or missing. Command. ~ o~o~o ~1 .4 ARMY OF VIRGINIA. General staff..~. 2 2 Headquarters Escort. 1st Ohio Cavalry, Companies A and C 1 20 21 Detachment of ix~ntry~ * No loss reported Page 250 250 OPE1~ATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. X~1V~ Return of Casuotties in lie Union forces, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the op atious August 16September 2, 1862, inclasiveContinued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. CemmanL a 1111111 FIRST LRMY Coxes. Maj. (len. FRANZ SIGEL. Becort. 1st Indiana Cavalry, Companies I and K FIRST DIVISION. (1.) Brig. Gen. ROBERT C. SCHENCK (wounded). (2.) Brig. Gen. JULIUS STinEL. Staff First Brigade. (1.) Brig. Gen. JULIUS SrANxL. (2.) Col. ADOLIHUS BUSONBECK. 8th New York Infantry* 41St New York Infantry 45th New York Infantry 27th Pennsylvania Infantryt New York Light Artillery, 2d Battery Total First Brigade * Second Brigade. Col. NATHANIEL C. McLEAN. 25th Ohio Infantry 55th Ohio Infantry 73d Ohio Infantry 75th Ohio Infantry 1st Ohio Light Artillery, Battery K Total Second Brigade Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. A. You STEINWEHR. First Brigade4 (1.) CoL JOHN A. KOLTRS.~ (2.) Lient. Col. GUST. A. MUNLECL Staff 29th New York Infantry 68th New York Infantry 73d Pennsylvania Infantry Total First Brigade 1 1 2 = 1 .- =~ == 6. 1 10 17 1 26 1 59 16 103 - 5 35 7 47 2. 2 1 39 1 95 33 169 8 1 54 24 87 14 1 59 1 20 95 1 24 6 81 1 35 148 10 53 1 23 87 1 16 17 1 56 9 263 3 102 434 2 95 11 358 3 135 604 1 1 22 7 101 1 20 151 13 2 66 11 92 2 9 6 112 3 25 157 3 44 15 279 4 58 401 1 * Losses probably not fully reported; records incomplete. Report of losses not found. + Temportrily attached to Third Division August 30. Killed August 30 Page 251 Cn~. XXIV.) CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 251 Return of ~a8iealtie8 in, the Union forces, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the operations August 16September 2, 186~2, inclusiveContinued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Comusaid. S a a S S 4 ~ 5 ,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ThIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. CARL Scuuuz. First Brigade. (1.) BrIg. Gen. HENRY BOHLEN.* (2.) Col. A. SCHIMMELFENNIG. 1 Staff 61st Ohio Infantry 74th Pennsylvania Infantry 8th West Virginia Infantry Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery F Total First Brigade Second Brigade. CoL W. Knzvz~.nowsnL Staff 54th New York Infantry 68th New York Infantry .. - 75th Pennsylvania Infantry 2d New York Light Artillery, Battery L Total Second Brigade lTneett ached. 3d West Virginia Cavalry, Company Cf 1st Ohio Light Artillery, ~atteryI Total Third Division Independent Brigade. Brig. Gen. IloaRaT H. MILBOY. Staff 2d West Virginia Infantry 3d West Virginia Infantry 5th West Virginia Infantry 1st West Virginia Cavairy, Companies C, B, end L. 82d Ohio Infantry Ohio Light Artillery, 12th Battery Total Independent Brigade Cavalry Brigade. CoL Joint BE.& 1insI~y. 1st Connecticut Battalion 1st Maryland 4th New York 9th New York 6th Ohio Total Cavalry Brigade . . . I 5 16 1 2 3 21 60 9 1 1 7 26 2 1 35 106 13 3 2 24 5 91 1 35 158 2 2 2 12 4 121 22 161 14 2 30 11 57 2 18 5 108 17 150 2 2 4 44 13 261 50 372 4.. 4 6 68 18 356 1 85 534 -.d~ --___ 1 1 1 23 2 88 2 22 138 1 7 31 2 30 71 13 62 1 2 78 .... 2 2 2 22 4 95 ...... 15 138 1. 4. 4 9 4 66 6 280 6 75 437 == 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 7 51 3 2 2 8 64 7 2 14 1 64 83 * Killed August 22. No loss reported Page 252 252 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, commanded by ATaj. Gen. John Pope, during the operations August 16September 2 1862 inclusive Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. 0 K ~ ~ Reserve Artillery. Capt. Louis SCHIRMER. 1st New York Light Artillery, Battery I. New York Light Artillery, 13th Battery. -. - - - West Virginia Light Artillery, Battery C. Total Reserve Artillery Total First Army Corps SECOnD AItMY CORPS. MsJ. Gex. NATHANIEL P. BANKs. FIEST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. Au~unus S. WILLIAMS. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD. 5th Connecticut 10th Mlainet 28th New York 46th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE H. GORDON. 2d Massachusettsf 27th Indianaf 3d Wisconsint Total Third Brigade - Total First Division..... SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. GEORGE S. GREENE. First Brigade. Cob CHARLES CANDY. 5th Ohiot 7th Ohiot - 29th Ohiot 66thOhiot 28th Penusylvaniat Total First Brigade 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 6 12 2 20 8 13 5 26 = 16 279 53 1, 308 15 416 *2, 087 = - 6 6 .j .... 7 2 2 15 15 15 15 = Second Brigade. (1.) Col. M. SCRLAUDECEER. (2.) CoL T. B. VAN BUBEN. 3d Maryland 2 25 102d New York t * See explanatory note to First Brigade, First Division. No loss reported. 8 3 Page 253 CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 253 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, command,e4 by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the peratione August 16-September 2, 1862, inclu8iveContinued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. 0 0 0 ~ 0 ~ Second Brigade.Continned. 109th Pennsylvania5 lllthPennsylvania5 Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. CoL JA.ans A. Tirr. 3d Delaware 1st District of Columbia * 60th New York 78th New York Purnell Legion, Maryland. Total Third Brigade Total Second Division Artillery. Capt. CLERMONT L. BEST. Maine Light Artillery, 4th Battery * Maine Light Artillery, 6th Batteryt 1st New York Light Artillery, Battery M * New York Light Artillery, 10th Battery * Peunsylvaula Light Artillery, Battery E * 4th U. S. Artillery, Battery F * Total artillery Cavalry Brigade. Brig. Gen. Jomi BUFORD. 1st Michigan 5th New or 1st Vermont let West Virgina Total Cavalry Brigade Total Second Army Corps Tmnn ARMY Coaus. MaJ. Gen. Invne MCDOWELL. MaineLight Artillery, 3d Battery (Pontoneers)*.. 13th Pennsylvania Reserves (1st Rifles), Compa. niesC, G, H, and I. FIRST DIVISION. (1.) Brig. Gen. Rufus Xino. (2.) Brig. Gen. JouxP. RATCE. (3.) Brig. Gen. ABNER DOUBLEDAY. Btssff 2 25 3 30 3 11 4 1 1 1 2 7 4 59 72 2 11 5 60 78 4 36 5 63 108 ___ 4 9 5 18 4 9 5 18 8 3 10 5 92 118 1. 4 5 1. 8 9 5. 22 2 89 68 15 3 32 7 143 200 = == 23 3 77 12 228 341 5 1 19 25 - 1....... 1 *No loss reported. Temporarily attached to Third Corps, Army of the Potomac, August 28. ~ Sick after August 28. Wounded August 30. CN.& r. XXIV. Page 254 254 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. Return of CasuaUies in the Union force8, commanded by Maj. Gets. John Pope, during the operations August 16September 2,1862, inolusiveContiirned. Killed. Wounded. Captumd or niasing. Command. H H 8 8 8 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 M Fsrst Brigade. (1.) Brig. Gen. Joists P. HATCH. (2.) Col. TIMOTHY SULLIVAN. Staff. 22d New York 24th New York 30th New York. 84.th New York (14th Militia) 2d IT. S. Sharpshooters.. Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ABNER DOUBLEDAY. 56th Pennsylvania 76th New York 95th New York. Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. MARSENA R. PATRICE.. Staff 21st New York 23d New York 35th New York 80th New York (20th Militia) Total Third Brigade Fourth Brigade. Brig. Gen. JOHN GIBBON. Staff 2d Wisconsin 6th Wisconsin 7th Wisconsin . . . 19th Indiana Total Fourth Brigade Artillery. Capt. JOSEPH B. CAMPBELL. New Hampshire Light Artillery, 1st Battery.... 1st Rhode Island Thght Artillery, Battery I) 1st New York Light Artillery, Bat~ry L 4th U. S. Artillery, Battery B.... Total artillery. Total Ffrst Division 6 5 4 2 ii 31 22 7 4 9 6 6 ~ 166 88 72 16 1 4 2 2 4 I 77 84 61 38 21 1 180 237 183 129 42 17 78 34 348 14 281 772 4 9 75 1 98 187 1 10 9 79 48 147 3 20 90 113 1 17 18 174 1 236 447 1 1 2 11 5 101 42 161 1 2 15 26 44 10 2 43 28 83 1 31 9 156 2 80 279 3 53 19 315 2 176 568 = == - . 1 1 2 51 8. 205 1 31 298 17 4 87 11 119 1 30 8 145 33 217 1 46 7 161 44 259 4 144 28 598 1 119 894 = 1 2 1 11 15 4 12 1 17 2 8 1 11 1 2 3 7 1 24 1 13 46 25__299~ 101 1,459 19 825 2,72 Page 255 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN ViRGINIA. 255 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the operation8 August 16September 2, 1862, inclu8iveContinued. Killed. Wounded. Ctrptured or miesing. Command. 0 0 0 ,~ d 0 0 0 0 ~ o 0 0 a o -g a o ~ 0 r~ 0 ~ SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. JAMES B. llxc& wrrs. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. Anwx DUETHA. 97th New York 104th New York 105th New York: 107th Pennsylvania 1 1 1 Total First Brigade 3 Second Brigade. (1.) Brig. Gen. ZEALOUS B. TowEL* (2.) Co. Wu~~AM H.,CsuuSTIAt. Staff 26th New York 94th New York 88th Pennsylvania 90th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. (1.) Brig. Gen. GEORGE L. HAETSUPF. (2.) Col. JOHN W. STILES. 12th Massachusetts 13th Massachusetts 83d New York (9th Militia) 11th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade . . . . Fourth Brigade.t Col. JOSEPH Tnonuan (wounded). 84th Pennsylvania 110th Pennsylvania 1st West Yirginia 7th Indiana Total Fourth Brigade Artillery. Maine Light Artillery, 2d Battery Maine Light Artillery, 5th Battery 1st Pennsylvania Li,,ht Artillery, Battery F Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery C Total artillery Total Second Division 6 4 6 10 26 3 2 2 7 39 37 24 31 131 3 1 1 5 59 44 44 72 219 1 1 28 3 103. 37 169 21 6 75 45 147 2 10 7 94 48 161 7 3 46 162 218 5 61 20 318 292 696 2 11 1 60 1 63 138 20 4 101 65 190 10 25 48 83 5 39 9 105 3 85 246 7 80 14 291 4 261 657 -- == == 1 5 1 17 24 - 1 4 21 26 1 1 7 2 30 41 3 1 15 4 23 5 3 31 3 72 114 2 1 3 1 2 11 2 16 1 1 7 1 9 19 1 2 7 6 16 1 4 3 27 1 18 54 16 176 47 798 13 862 1,912 = Wonnded August 30. Detached August 31. tLo~~ prob-~bly not fully reported; records Incomplete. See note to Fourth Brigade. 111 89 74 117 39 Page 256 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. Return of Casualties in the Union forces, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the operations Augu8t 16September 2, 1862, inclusiveContinued. Xilled. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. a a a ;~ .~ 0 0 O~QM ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ CavaZr~j Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEc~wE I). BAYARD. 1st Maine 2d New York 1st New Jersey let Peunsylvania 1st Rhode Island Total Cavalry Brigade Unattached. 3d Indiana Cavalry (detachment) Indiana Li~ht Artillery, 16th Battery * 4th U. S. Artillery, Battery B * REYNOLDS DIVISION.t Brig. Gen. JOHN F. REYNOLDS. Fsr8t Brigade. Brig. Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE. 3d Pennsylvania Reserves. 4th Pennsylvania Reserves 7th Pennsylvania Reserves 8th Pennsylvania Reserves. 11th Pennsylvania Reserves (1st Rifles) Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gem ~UEUMAN SEYMOUR. 1st Pennsylvania Reserves 2d Pennsylvania Reserves 5th PennsylvanIa Reserves 0th Pennsylvania Reserves Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. (1.) Brig. Gen. CONRAD F. JACKSON. (2.) Lient. Col. ROBERT ANDERSON. 9th Pennsylvania Reserves 10th Pennsylvania Reserves 11th Pennsylvania Reserves 12th Pennsylvania Reserves Total Third Brigade 4 Artillery. Capt. DUNBAR R. RANSOM. 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery A 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery B 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery G 5th U. S. Artillery, Battery C Total artillery Total Reynolds division Total Third Army Corps~ 2 9 2 I 1 2 26 8 2 4 2 23 2 83 36 2 4 2 11 2 42 3 67 127 =_ 1 1 . --- == -- 2 1 20 27 50 1 11 2 14 2 21 13 36 5 3 18 32 58 5 19 3 27 12 7 89 77 185 6 1 22 6. 35 1 4 11 1 7 24 1 2 7 8 18 5 3 33 20 61 13 10 73 1 41 188 2 10 2 50 35 99 2 10 4 30 19 65 4 7 41 5 57 5 3 35 23 66 29 16 156 82 287 -- _ = 1 1 4 1 7 4 1 18 23 3 2 21 8 34 1 1 2 8 4 44 1 9 66 4 62 37 162 2 200 676 47 548 187 2,666 38 1,983 5,469 * No loss reported. Temporarily attached to Third Corps, Army of Virginia. See note to Fourth Brigade, Second Division. 25 Page 257 CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 257 Return of Gasualties in the Union force8, commanded by Alaj. Gen. John Pope, during the operation8 Augu8t 16September 2, 1862, inclusiveContinued. Killed. Wounded. Command. a o S S S .~ a a a ~5 S a a ~ o .4~ 0 a .,~ a .~ a U, ~ 5 S ~ H) 0 0 r~ a ~ RESERVE CORPS. Brig. Gen. SAMUEL D. STURGIS. Piatte Brigade. Brig. Gen. A. SANDERS PIArr. 86th New York Old Indiana, Companies A, B, C, and D Total Piatta brigade 2d New York Heavy Artillery New York Light ArtIllery, 11th Battery 1st New York Light Arty, detachment Baty C. Total Reserve Corps* RECAPITULATION. General Headquarters First Army Corps Second Army Corps Third Army Corps Reserve Corps Total Army of Virginia.. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. THIRD ARaIT Coars. Maj. Gen. SAMUEL P. HELNTEELMAN. FIRST DIVISION. (I.) Maj. Gen. PHILIP KEARNT.t (2.) Brig. Gen. DAVID B. BIRNET. Staff First Brigade. Brig. Gen. Jome C. ROBINSON. 63d Pennsylvania 105th Pennsylvania 20th Indiana Total First Brigade Second Brigade. (1.) Brig. Gen. DAVID B. BIRNET. (2.) Col. J. H. HOBART WARD. 3d Maine 4th Maine 1st New York 38th New York 40th New York 101st New York 57th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade.... 1 2 20 23 16 279 53 1,308 15 416 2,087 23 3 77 12 189 304 47 548 187 2,666 38 1,983 5,469 16 2 92 112 222 63 866 245 4,144 67 2.720 8,105 1 1. 2 15 6 88 11 120 1 6 5 32 8 52 1 3 35 6 45 2 24 11 155 25 217 4 51 1 28 84 14 2 83 15 114 17 1 80 4 17 119 1 2 3 28 2 2 38 12 7 100 28 147 6 7 94 1 16 124 3 3 20 439 8 106 629 * Only such organilations of the Reserve Corps as were engaged with the enemy are given. Killed September 1. 17 R HVOL X117 PT II CHAP. XXIV.] 13 3 16 16 1 1 2 2 66 16 82 7 3 92 38 7 45 37 20 10 112 118 27 145 44 23 10 22 Page 258 258 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. Return of CasualtieR in the Union forces, commanded by Maj. Gem John Pope, during the operations Augu8t 16September 2, 1862, inclusiveContinued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. n a a S 8 8 02 ~ 02 C o 02 C 02 C 02 o .~ Q Q 8 ~ o r~ 0 N 0 N Third Brigade. Col. OanA~NDo M. POE. ~7th New York 99th Pennsylvania 24 Michigan 3d Michigan 5th Michigan Total Third Brigade.. . . Artillery. 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery, Battery B 1st United States, Battery K Total artillery Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Maj. Gen. JOSEPH HOOKER. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. CUVIHR GRoVER. 2d New Hampshire 1st Massachusetts 11th Massachusetts 16th Massachusetts 26th Pennsylvania Total First Brigade Second Brigade. CoL NELSON TAYLOR. Staff 70th New York 71st New York 724 New York 73d New York 74th New York Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. JOSEPH B. CARR. 2d New York 5th New Jersey 6th New Jersey 7th New Jersey 8th New Jersey 115th Pennsylvania Total Third Brigade Total Second Division Total Third Army Corps 1 1 23 1 7 3 2 3 93 6 16 6 3 19 Ii 139 6 1 15 258 107 1 37 178 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 4 106 39 702 10 168 1, 029 2 14 4 83 30 133 5 3 63 7 78 2 7 4 75 25 113 2 17 4 60 1 26 110 2 4 3 30 14 53 8 47 18 311 1 102 487 2 . 2 1 2 15 10 28 18 5 62 27 114 5 2 23 7 37 8 4 36 50 3 8 9 59 19 98 7 40 22 195 2 63 329 11 6 55 11 83 4 2 33 1 10 52 18 2 48 1 36 105 2 19 1 13 36 1 5 2 53 17 78 4 4 14 17 39 4 44 16 222 3 104 393 19 1311 56 728 6 269 1,209 23 237 95 1,430 16 437 2,238 Command Page 259 CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 259 Betwrn of Cas~taZties in the Union force8, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the operations Augu~8t 16September 2, 1862, inclusiveContinued. Killed. Command. 0 0 0 Wounded. Captured or missing. 0 a 0 0 4 FwrR Axury Coax-s. MsJ. Gen. FITE ~TonN POUTER. FIRST DIVISION. Maj. Gen. GEORGE W. MORaLS. First Brigade. Col. t!HARLES W. ROBERTS. 2d Maine 18th Massachusetts 22d Massachusetts * 13th New York 25th New York - 1St Michigan Total First Brigade Second Brigade.* Brig. Gen. CHARLES GRIFFIR. 9th Massachusetts 32d Massachusetts 14th New York 62d Pennsylvania 4th Michigan - Total Second Brigade Third Brigede. (1.) Brig. Gen. DANIEL BUTTERFIELD.t (2.) Col. HENRY S. Lsx~sxsa (sick). (3.) Col. HENRY A. WEEKS (wounded). (4.) CoL JAMES C. RICE. 12th New York 17th New York 44th New York 83d Pennsylvania 16th Michigan Total Third Brigade Sharpshooters. 1st United States Artillery. Massachusetts Light Artillery, 3d Battery (C) ~.. 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery, Batte~ C. - - - 5th United States, Battery D 1 3 5 31 3 5 6 70 101 6 108 2 16 29 ~i6 13 29 95 169 ii5 19 178 14 89 18 356 2 97 576 15 6 57 1 64 143 3 17 9 101 53 183 5 6 42 18 71 2 12 2 70 1 10 97 3 13 3 61 - 16 98 8 62 26 331 2 161 590 5 3 38 1 14 61 - 3 1 4 - 2 ... 2 Total Artillery I Total First Division 1 22~ 156 47 730 5 273~ 1,233 * Not in action. Commanded First and Third Brigades in battle Augadt 30. Includes Bradys company sharpshooters. No loss reported. CHAP. XXIV-.] 8 Page 260 260 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CRAP. XXIV. Return of Ca8ualties in the Union forcee, commanded by Maj. Gen. John P~pe, during the operatione August 16September 2, 1862, inclusiveContinued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. O 0 0 S S S .~ ,R ~ R 4 -~ h~ -~ S~ ha 0 ~ ..~ ~ 0 0 0 ~ 0 ha F~ 0 ~1 0 ~ -at SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. GEORGE SYKES. Firet Brigade. Lient. CoL ROBERT C. Bucmiuwi. 8d United States 4th United States 12th United States, First Battalion 14th UnIted States, First Battalion 14th United States, Second Battalion Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Lient. CoL WILLIAM CEAPHAX. 1st United States, Company G 2d United States 6th United States 10th United States 11th United States 17th United States Total Second Brigade Third Brigade. Col. G. K. WARREN. 5th New York .~ 10th New York Total Third Brigade M-~l~rij. 5 3 4 14 3 2 1 1 4 15 13 32 91 30 25 1 5 23 ii 47 18 42 129 49 2 29 8 181 . 65 285 = == 1 6 4 11 i 1 1 63 1 7 74 6 3 26 6 41 1 11 12 4 15 13 32 5 34 9 48 1 18 4 155 1 89 218 = 8 76 7 163 48 297 1 22 2 63 2 2~ 115 4 98 9 226 2 73 412 = . 2 2 1 . 1 1 2 8 145 21 564 3 177 918 30 301 68 1,294 8 450 2,151 2 2 1 46 85 132 7 3 55 3 61 130 3 11. 50 64 1 5 5 11 1 8 9 ~ 3 201 33~ Capt. STEPHEN H. WEin. 1st United States, Batteries E and G 5th United States, Battery I .~ 5th United States, Battery K Total artillery Total Second Divlulon.~ ___ Total Fifth Army Corps SIXTH Ansrr CoEPs. FIRST DIVISION. Pint Brigade.t Brig. Gen. GEORGE W. TAmOL Staff 1st New Jersey - 2d New Jersey 3d New Jersey 4th New Jersey Total ____ ____ * No loss reported. No other troops of the Sixth Corps were in action during this campaign Page 261 2f31 Return of Casualties in the Union forces, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the operations August 16September 2, 1862, inclusiveContinued. Killed. Wounded. 0 S WI a 0 0 a S a Captured or missing. WI .4 a 0 0 S -S RECAPITULATION. Third Army Corps Fifth Army Corps Sixth Army Corps Total Army of the Potomac NINTH ARMY CORPS. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. ISAAC I. STEYENS.* Staff F~r8t Brigade. CoL BENJAMIN C. CHRIST. 50th Pennsylvania 8th Michigan Total First Brigade Second Brigade. Col. DANIEL LEASURE. 46th New York t 100th Pennsylvania Total Second Brigade - Third Brigade. CoL ADDISON FARNSWORTh (wounded). 28th Massachusetts 79th New York Total Third Brigade Artillery. 23 30 1 237 301 8 95 68 9 1,430 1, 294 117 16 8 3 437 2,288 454) 2,151 201 889 54 546 172 2,841 27 1,088 4,728 1 1 19 3 116 2 13 153 10 1 55 12 78 29 4 171 2 25 281 1 4 1 15 2 23 3 12 11 106 8 140 4 16 12 121 10 163 == 2 31 4 184 1 12 234 9 5 74 1 16 105 2 40 9 258 2 28 339 3 10 13 3 10 13 7 88 25 560 4 63 747 3 27 9 108 2 68 217 1 24 2 74 55 156 1 20 2 64 2 58 145 5 71 13 246~ 4 179 518 Massachusetts Light Artillery, 8th Battery . - - -. 2d U. S. Artillery, Battery B Total artillery Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. Maj~ Gen. JESSE L. RsNO.~ F& rst Brigade. Col. JAMEs NAGLE. 6th New Hampshire 48th Pennsylvania 2d Maryland Total First Brigade * Killed September 1. t Only five companies in action. No loss reported. ~ Also in command of all the troops of the Ninth Corps with Popes army. CHAP. XXTV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. Command. a 0 Page 262 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. 262 Return of Ca8ualties in the Union forces, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Pope, during the operations August l6-& ~ptember 2, 1862, inclusiveContinued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or missing. Command. a 8 8 8 a ~ 5 a a a a a ~ 9 ~ OM OMOM ~ Second Brigade. Col. EDWARD FEBBEBO. ~st Massachusetts 3 19 5 86 3 37 153 Slat NewYork 57 22 89 Slat Pennsylvania 1 8 7 16 Total Second Brigade 8 30 5 151 3 66 258 Total Second Division 8 101 18 397 7 245 77& Total Ninth Army Corps 15 189 43 957 11 808 1,523 KANAWHA DIVISION (detachment). 11th Ohio 1 7 1 24 33 l2thOhio 14 42 17 73 30th Ohio * 36th Ohio* - - -. Total 14 1 49 1 41 106 GILAIiI) RECAPITULATION. Army of Virginia 63 866 245 4,144 67 2,720 8,105 Army of the Potomac 54 546 172 2,841 27 1,088 4, 728 Ninth Army Corps 15 189 43 957 11 308 1,523 Kanawha Division (detachment) 14 1 49 1 41 106 Grand total 132 1, 615 461 7, 991 106 4, 157 14, 462 No loss reported. No. 2. Report of JJJiaj. Gen. Franz Sigel, U. S. Army, commanding First Corps, Army of Virginia, of operations along the Rappahannocic and the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. HEADQUARTERS FIRST CORPS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Fort De 1alb, Va., September 16, 1862. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following reports: 1.OPERATIONS PREVIOUS TO THE BATTLES OF THE 29TH AND 30TH AUGUST. After the battle of Cedar Mountain, the retreat of the First Corps from the Rapidan behind the Rappahannock, and the several engage- ments of that corps near Rappahanuock Station, Freemans Ford, an Page 263 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA 263 Sulphur Springs, we advanced to Waterloo Bridge on the same day we had taken possession of Sulphur Springson the 24th August. The brigade of General Milroy occupied a position on the north side of the bridge, extending his line of sharpshooters along the shore of the river. The main body of the corps was encamped between the bridge and Sul- phur Springs and behind it the corps of Major-General Banks and General Renos division. The enemy had advanced from Itappahan- nock Station along the south side of the river in a line parallel with the route taken by our troops, and was trying to cross at the above-named ford (Freemans) and the bridges at Sulphnr Springs and Waterloo. On the night of the 24th of August his camp-fires extended from Water- loo Bridge to Jefferson Village, a distance of 4 or 5 miles, his main force, of about 30 000 men, occupying the latter point. Early on the morning of the 25th a sharp skirmish commenced at the (Waterloo) bridge, which was reported to me by General Pope to have been destroyed by General Buford, but which was found on our arrival in good order and strongly defended by the enemy. While we were taking position on the north side the enemy began to break up his camp at Jefferson and to mass his troops on the south side of the bridge. By noon twenty-eight regiments of infantry, six batteries, and several regi- ments of cavalry of the enemy had arrived and taken their position. I had the night before given notice of the enemys strength and move- ments to Major-General Pope, and now again informed him of the posi- tion of affairs, as the disposition he had made of our forces was evidently based on the supposition that the enemy would force the passage of the river between Bealeton and Waterloo Bridge. In the mean time I had been directed to march to Fayetteville and form part of the center of the army, to be arrayed in a line extending from Waterloo Bridge to Bealeton Station. In accordance with this order General Milroy should have been re- lieved in the morning by a brigade of General McDowell. Another brigade of the Third Corps (McDowells) had to march to Sulphur Springs. In the forenoon of the same day General Roberts, of Major- General Popes staff, delivered to me a verbal order to hold my position at Waterloo Bridge under all circumstances and to meet the enemy if he should try to force the passage of the river, and that General Mc- Dowell would be on my right, with the cavalry brigade of General Bu- ford, and General Banks on my left. Soon afterward I received intelligence that a large force of the enemys cavalry had crossed on my right and was moving toward Orleans, and that another force had crossed on my left, at Sulphur Springs, and taken possession of that place. I immediately ordered General Beardsley, with the Ninth New York Cavalry and four mount- ain howitzers, to Sulphur Springs, to shell the enemy out of the place, which he did. The rest of my cavalry, consisting of three companies of the First Virginia and two of the First Maryland, I ordered toward Orleans, for the purpose of protecting my right flank. Meanwhile cannonading was kept up near the bridge, and from all indications I supposed that the enemy would avail himself of the opportunity to make a combined attack against my position. I therefore sent to the left to find Generals Banks and lieno, and to the right to look after General McDowells troops, especially the cavalry brigade, and was not a little astonished to learn that Generals Banks and Iteno were, by orders of General Pope, on their march to Bealeton, and that no troops could be found on my right except the cavalry ~brigade of General Buford, which was encamped 4 miles behind us on the Warrenro Page 264 264 OPERATIONS IN N~ VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. road. To confuse matters still more I received a dispatch from Gen- eral McDowell, one Section of it directed to Major-General Banks, asking for news from his corps, and the other directed to myself, informing me that I would join my pontoon train at Fayetteville. I sent this dispatch to General Banks, and requested him to furnish me with what information he could, so that, in the absence of instructions, I might be enabled to direct .my movements properly. I also sent to Generals Pope and McDowell, at Warrenton, for an explanation and for orders, but General Pope had left for Warrenton Junction, and General McDowell did not furnish me with any instructions. It was now nearly sunset, and my situation exceedingly critical Threatened on my right and left flank; an army of 30,000 menacing my front and separated from me only by a shallow river, fordable at many points for infantry as well as cavalry and artillery; no supporting force within 8 or 10 milesI supposed that it was not really the intention of the commanding general to leave me in this position. I was corrob- orated in my opinion by the answer of General Banks, who advised me to march to Fayetteville, and by the fragmentary paper saying that I would find my pontoon train at that point. Considering all this I re- solved to march to Fayetteville at night, and made my preparations accordingly, although I did not believe in the correctness of the whole plan. Just at the moment when my troops were about to move one of my officers returned with an order of General Pope, directing me to march to Warrenton and to encamp there. I put my troops in motion in compliance with this order and cautiously withdrew from Waterloo Bridge, as I had not a single company of cavalry to cover my retreat. Before withdrawing, however, I ordered the destruction of the bridge, which was accomplished, under the direction of General Milroy, after much exertion and some loss of life. At 2 oclock next morning (August 26), as I was entering Warren- ton with my rear guard, I received another order from General Pope, through General McDowell, directing me to force the passage of the Waterloo Bridge at daylight. As this was a matter of impossibility, the troops having marched the whole night on a very inconvenient road, I reported to Major-General Pope this fact, and received orders to stay at Warrenton. During the day I ascertained that the enemy was marching by Thoroughfare Gap to Manassas, and on the following night that his main army was encamped at White Plains, the advance guard east of Thoronghfare Gap and the rear at Orleans. This news was brought in by all the scouts sent out by me, with some cavalry, to Sperryville, Salem, and Gainesville, and was immediately communicated by tele- graph to Major-General Pope. It was also reported to me that the enemy was moving during the night (Tuesday); that Jackson would be in Manassas next day (Wednesday), and that Longstreet had not yet joined him, but was 2 miles from Salem at noon on Wednesday, the 27th. In view of these facts I proposed to General McDowell, to whose command the First Corps had been attached since its arrival at Water- loo Bridge, to concentrate our forces at Gainesville, and thereby sepa- rate Longstreets troops from those of Jackson, taking the enemy at Manassas in the rear, and by forcing him to evacuate Manassas effect a junction with the army of General McClellan. This movement was executed. On the morning of the 27th the First Corps left Warrenton for Back Page 265 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA 265 land Bridge, on the road to Gainesville, with directions to take posses- sion of the bridge, and thercby open the road to Gainesville. The brigade of Brigadier-General Milroy advanced rapidly toward the bridge, and drove the enemy, who was stationed there with some cav- alry and artillery, back toward Gainesville, while the pioneers repaired the bridge, which had been set on fire and partially destroyed by the enemy. In a short time the whole of General Milroys brigade had passed the river and pressed forward against Gainesville, making on their way about 150 prisoners. I now ordered General Schurz to pass the river and follow General Milroy and to take position behind him. The (livision of General Schenck also crossed the river, and the infantry brigade of General Steinwehr remained in reserve at the bridge. Such was the position of the First Corps on the evening of the 27th. During the night General lVIcDowells corps arrived at Buckland Mills, and I received orders at 3 oclock in the morning to march to Manassas and to take a position, with my right resting on the railroad leading from Warrenton Junction to Manassas Junction; so, at least, I understood the order. On this march our cavalry, sent out to the left in the direction of Groveton, was shelled by the enemy, about 1~ miles distant from the road on which we marched; and, besides this, an artillery engagement began between the corps of General McDowell and the enemy. I im- mediately halted, ordered the whole corns to counter-march, and formed in order of battle on the heights parallel with the Centreville-Gaines- yule road. The enemys infantry and cavalry pickets were about 300 yards from our line, and our skirmishers had already advanced against them, when, on a report made to General McDowell, II received orders to march forthwith to Manassas Junction. I reluctantly obeyed this order, marched off from the right, and was withi-n 2~ miles from Ma- nassas, when our cavalry reported that Manassas was evacuated by the enemy, and that General Kearny was in possession of that point. As I was sure that the enemy must be somewhere between Centreville and Gainesville, I asked permission to march to New Market, whereupon I was directed to march to Centre\ille. This order was in execution, and the troops prepared to cross the fords of Bull Run, when our advance met the enemy on the road leading from New Market to Groveton and Sudleys Ford, thP~ side of Bull Run. About the same time I received a report from General Pope that the enemy was concentrating at Cen- treville. Supposing that this was correct, I directed the brigades of General Milroy and Colonel McLean to advance against the enemy this side of Bull Run, on the road to Sudley Springs, and left General Stahels brigade and General Schurz division near the fords, the latter division facing toward Centreville. As soon, how ever, as I had ascertained that Centreville was evacu- ated by the enemy I followed with these troops to assist Brigadier- General Milroy and Colonel McLean, who, under the direction of Brig- adier-General Schenck, were briskly engaged with the left of the enemys forces, whose right had engaged a brigade of the Third Corps. Onr artillery advanced steadily until the darkness of night interrupted their movements. They encamped for the night near Mrs. Henrys farm, one regiment taking position on the Centreville-Gainesville turn- pike, the main force fronting toward Sudley Springs and Groveton. 2.BATTLE OF GROVETON, NEAR BULL RUN, ON FRIDAY, AUGUST 29, 1862. On Thursday night, Angust 28, when the First Corps was encampe Page 266 266 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. on the heights south of Youngs Branch, near Bull Run, I received orders to attack the enemy vigorously the next morning. I accord - ingly made the necessary preparations at night and formed in order of battle at daybreak, having ascertained that the enemy was in con. siderable force beyond Youngs Branch, in sight of the hills we occupied. His left wing rested on Catharpiu Creek, front toward Centreville; with his center he occnpied a long stretch of woods parallel with the Sudley Springs-New Market road, and his right was posted on the hills on both sides of the Oentreville-Gainesville road. I therefore directed General Schurz to deploy his division on the right of the Gainesville road, and by a change of direction to the left to come into position parallel ~with the Sudley Springs road. General Milroy, with his brigade and on~ battery, was directed to form the center, and to take possession of an elevation in front of the so-called stone house, at the junction of the Gainesville and Sudley Springs roads. General Schenek, with his division, forming our left, was ordered to advance quickly to an adjoin. ing range of hills, and to plant his batteries on these hills at an excel. lent range from the enemys position. In this order our whole line advanced from point to point, taking advantage of the ground before ns, until our whole line was involved in a most vehement artillery and infantry contest. In the course of about four hours, from 6.30 to 10.30 oclock in the morning, our whole infantry force and nearly all our batteries were engaged with the enemy, Generals Milroy and Schurz advancing 1 mile and General Scheuck 2 miles from their original positions. At this time (10.30 oclock) the enemy threw forward large masses of infantry against our right, but was resisted firmly and driven back three times by the troops of Generals Milroy and Schurz. To assist these troops, so hard pressed by overpowering numbers, exhausted by fatigue, and weakened by losses, I ordered one battery of reserve to take position on their left, and posted two pieces of artillery, under Lieutenant Blume, of Schirmers battery, supported by the Forty-first New York Volunteer Infantry, beyond their line, and opposite the right flank of the enemy, who was advancing in the woods. These pieces opened fire with canister most effectively, and checked the enemys advance on that point. I now directed General Schenck to draw his lines nearer to us, and to attack the enemys right flank and rear by a change of front to the right, thereby assisting our troops in the center. This movement could not be executed by General Scheuck with his whole division, as he became briskly engaged with the enemy, who tried to turn our extreme left. At this critical moment, when the enemy had almost outflanked us on both wings, and was preparing a new attack against our center, Major-General Kearny arrived on the field of battle, and deployed by the Sudley Springs road on our right, while General Renos troops came to our support by the Gainesville turnpike. With the consent of General Reno I directed two regiments and one battery, under Briga- dier-General Stevens, to take position on the right of General Scheuck the battery on an eminence in front and center of our line, where it did excellent work during the rest of the day, and where it relieved Cap- tain Dilgers battery, which had held this position the whole morning. Three regiments were posted between General Milroy and General Schenck, and two others, with two mountain howitzers, were sent to the assistance of General Schurz. Scarcely were these troops in posi- tion when the contest began with renewed vigor and vehemence, the enemy attacking furiously along our whole line, from the extreme righ Page 267 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 267 to the extreme left. The infantry brigade of General Steinwehr, com- manded by Colonel Koltes, was then sent .forward to the assistance of Generals Schenck and Schurz, and one regiment was detailed for the protection of a battery posted in reserve near onr center. The troops of Brigadier-General Reynolds had meanwhile (12 oclock) taken posi- tion on our left. In order to defend onr right I sent a letter to General Kearny, saying that Longstreet was not able to bring his troops in line of battle that day, and requesting him (Kearny) to change his front to the left, and to advance, if possible, against the enemys left flank. To assist him in this movement I ordered two long-range rifled guns to report to him, as his own battery had remained in reserve behind his lines. At 2 oclock in the afternoon General Hookers troops arrived on the field of battle, and were immediately ordered forward by their noble commander to participate in the battle. One brigade, under Colonel Carr, received orders, by my request, to relieve the regiments of Gen- eral Schurz division, which had maintained their ground against repeated attacks, but were now worn-out and nearly without ammuni- tion. Other regiments were sent forward to relieve Brigadier-General Milroy, whose brigade had valiantly disputed the ground against greatly superior numbers for eight hours. To check the enemy if he should attempt to advance, or for the pur- pose of preparing and supporting an attack from our side, I placed four batteries of different commands on a range of hills on our center and behind the woods, which had been the most hotly contested part of the battle-field during the day. I had previously received a letter from Major-General Pope, saying that Fitz John Porters corps and Brigadier-General Kings division, numbering 20,000 men, would come in on our left. I did, therefore, not think it prudent to give the enemy time to make new arrangements, and ordered all the batteries to continue their fire, and to direct it prin- cipally against the enemys position in the woods before our front. Some of our troops placed in front were retiring from the woods, but as the enemy, held in check by the artillery in the center, did not venture to follow, and as at this moment new regiments of General Hookers command arrived and were ordered forwar~l, we maintained our position, which Generals Milroy and Schurz had occupied in the morning. During two hours, from 4 to 6 p. in., strong cannonading and mus- ketry continued on our center and right, where General Kearny made a successful effort against the extreme left of the enemys lines. At 6.15 oclock Brigadier-General Kings division, of Major-General McDowells corps, arrived behind our front, and advanced on the Gainesville turnpike. I do not know the real result of this movement. but from the weakness of the enemys cannonade and the gradually decreasing musketry in the direction of General Kearnys attack I received the impression that the enemys resistance was broken and that victory was on our side; and so it was. We had won the field of battle, and our army rested near the dead and wounded who had so gloriously defended the good cause of this country. 3.BATTLE OF THE 30TH OF AUGUST. On Saturday, the 30th of August, I was informed- by Major-General Pope that it was his intention to break the enemys left, and that I Page 268 268 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. with the First Corps, should hold the center, Major-General IReno should take position on my right, and General Reynolds on my left. The First Corps took position behind Groveton, on the right of the Gainesville turnpike. My request to have two batteries in reserve behind the center for certain emergenciesone of General Renos and one of General Reynolds divisionwas not complied with, although all my batteries were more or less worked down, several j)iCCC5 unserv- iceable and short of ammunition, and many horses killed or disabled. After having taken position as ordered the corps of Major-General Porter passed between the enemy and our lines and was forming in line of battle on the open field before the First Corps and that of Gen- eral Beno, masking thereby our whole front. Not understanding the object of this movement, and being requested by one of the staff officers of General Porter to give my opinion in regard to the ground before us, I immediately rode over to the general (Porter) and suggested that, in accor~lance with the general plan, his troops should pass more to the right, join those of General Kearny on our extreme right, and direct his attack against the enemys left flank and rear. I also in- formed him that there were too many troops massed in the center, and that General iReno and myself would take care of the woods in his front. Whilst this was going on I received repeated reports that the enemy was shifting his troops from the Gainesville turnpike to his right. I therefore ordered the Fourth New York Cavalry, under Lieutenant- Colonel Nazer, to advance in that direction between New Market and Groveton, passing behind our left, and to scout the country as far as they could go. I also sent one regiment of General ~ division to the left of our position, as an outpost, to observe the enemys move- ments. After the lapse of about an hour I received notice that the cavalry pickets had found the enemy, and that the latter was moving against our left. I sent the messenger that brought this intelligence to General Pope~s headquarters. Shortly afterward I received an order by Colonel Ruggles, chief of staff of General Pope, to occupy the Bald- headed Hill on my left with one brigade, which I did immediately. Meanwhile General Porters troops, who had not changiA their posi- tion, advanced into the woods where we had lost a thousand men the day before. About this time on our left, where General Reynolds was posted, the musketry and cannonading began to increase. The troops of General Porter had wholly disappeared in the woods, which led me to believe that the enemy had left his position in front, and that it was the intention of General Pope to advance the First Corps on the Gaines- ville turnpike. Suddenly heavy discharges began in front, the corps of General Porter having met the enemy, who was advantageously posted behind a well-adapted breastworkthe old Manassas Gap Rail- road track. At the same time the enemy opened with shell and solid shot against our center and left wing. Our batteries replied promptly and spiritedly, and from the general appearance of the battle it was evident that we had the whole army of the enemy before us. It was now about 5 p. in., when, awaiting the further development of the battle, I received a dispatch through General McDowell, and written by General Porter, expressing his doubt as to the final result of his attack, and requesting General McDowell to push Sigel forward. Although I had not received positive orders from General Pope, I immediately made the necessary preparations either to assist General Porter or to resist an attack of the enemy should lie repel General Porter and advance against my own position in the center, by directing General Stahel to deploy his brigade in front and General Schuiz t Page 269 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 269 form his regiments in a line of reserve. During the execution of these movements General Porters troops came out of the woods in pretty good order, bringing a great number of wounded with them. In answer to my question why they were retiring after so short a time, they said that they were out of ammunition. Expecting that the enemy would follow up this retrograde movement of a whole corps with a strong force, I kept my troops well together to meet such an event. Thus we stood when, suddenly, incessant volleys of musketry betrayed the enemy in great force on our left, and showed clearly his real plan of attack. To assist Colonel McLeans brigade on our left I directed General Milroy to join his brigade with that of Colonel Mc- Lean. In executing this order, however, General lVlilroy directed his brigade more to the rear and left than was intended by me, so that by this disposition an interval of several hundred paces was left between these two brigades, by which the enemy penetrated, attacking Colonel McLeans troops in the rear, and compelling them to change their front to the left. They thereby partially evacuated the position they had occupied on the hill. it was at this moment that General ~chenck was severely wounded at the head of his troops, whom he had repeat- edly led forward against the overwhelming masses of the enemy. When this was the condition of affairs on our left, General Reynolds, who at the beginning of the battle had deployed his troops in front and to the left of Colonel iNicLeans brigade, changed his position, and withdrew his battery from a hill to the left of the Gainesville turnpike, near Groveton. The enemy immediately took possession of the hill, posted a battery there, and spread his infantry out over the high and wooded ground before Colonel McLeans brigade and on the flank and almost in rear of our center. To dislodge the enemy from his new- gained position I ordered forward three regiments of infantry, nnder Colonel Koltes, who, under a terrible artillery and infantry fire, boldly advanced against the hills, but could not regain the lost ground. In this attack I have to regret the loss of the intrepid Colonel Koltes, who was killed while execnting the movement ordered. His brigade, though nearly decimated, succeeded in protecting our center and preventing the turning of our flank. It was now evident that to avoid the destruction of our troops from the sweep of the enemys batteries, and as the main attack was now on our left, I ordered General Schurz to withdraw his division from the low ground, under cover of our artillery, and take position on the hills near the stone house, one brigade to face toward the left. The brigade of General Stahel followed this movement, and formed in line of battle on our right. Immediately in front of this position, on a hill to the right (north) of the stone house, I placed a battery of the Fourth Regulars, which I had met on the turnpike. This battery behaved nobly, and maintained its position until the last hour. Captain Dilgers battery occupied a more advanced position near Groveton, Captain IDieckmanns was on our left, and Captain Schirmers on our right, with General Stahels brigade. General Milroy, with his brigade, and the assistance of several addi- tional regiments which he had brought forward, succeeded in repulsing the enemy on the left. In this gallant exploit his horse was shot under him. We maintained our second position until night had closed in upon us, when General Pope ordered a genPral retreat. Following the troops of Generals Porter and McDowell, my corps crossed Youngs Branch, where it remained for two hours, until the commands of Generals McDowell, Reno, and Kearny had crossed Bul Page 270 270 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. Run by the ford near the stone bridge, and the whole train had passed over the bridge. It was now between 9 and 10 p. m. I then marched to the turnpike, crossed the bridge over Bull Run, and took position on the left and right of the bridge, throwing my pickets out on the other (south) side of the creek toward the battle-field. Soon afterward an officer of General McDowells staff directed me to fall back, as the enemy was threatening the line of retreat. It was now after midnight, when I ordered my command to continue its march toward Centreville, first destroying the bridge across Bull Run. Our rear guard was com- posed of part of General Schurz division, two pieces of Captain Dii- gers battery, and a detachment of Colonel Kanes Bucktail Rifles, which had come up with several guns collected on their march of retreat. I reached Centreville at daybreak on the 31st of August, my com- mand encamping in front of and occupying the intrenchments of that place. Our losses during the two days battle in killed, wounded, and miss- ing, according to the official lists sent in, are 92 officers and 1,891 non- commissioned officers and privates. To be just to the officers and soldiers under my command I must say that they performed their duties during the different movements and engagements of the whole campaign with the greatest promptness, energy, and fortitude. Commanders of divisions and brigades, of regi- ments and batteries, and the commanders of our small cavalry force, have assisted me under all circumstances cheerfully and to the utmost of their ability, and so have the commanders of the two batteries of Major-General Banks corps (Captain Roemers and Captain Hamptons), under Major Keefer, attached to me since our arrival at Freemans Ford. It also affords me pleasure to mention the faithful services of the members of my staff and of such officers as were detailed to me for special duty. To them, as well as to the officers and members of my escort, the pioneer companies, and to my scouts, I hereby express my high regard and warmest gratitude. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, F. SIGEL, Major-General, Commanding Corps. Lieut. Col. CHAUNCEY MOKEEVER, Assistant Adjutant-General, Defenses South of the Potomac. No. 3. B~port of Col. John Beardsley, Ninth New York Cavalry, commanding Cavalry Brigade, of operations August 10September 5. HDQRS. CAY. BRIG., FIRST CORPS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Halls Farm, Va., September 13, 1862. GENERAL: In making out a report of the active operations of the brigade of cavalry under my command, it appears proper that I should date it back to the battle of Cedar Mountain, on the 9th day of August, although we did not come up in time to participate in the battle, yet on the following morning my cavalry was sent out to patrol the differ- ent thoroughfares, examine the different fords, and reconnoiter the enemys position, and continued a series of active operations, almos Page 271 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 271 without rest, up to the time we arrived in the vicinity of the Potomac, on or about the 5th day of September instant. The horses of the command had been taxed to the utmost of their strength when we reached Warrenton Springs, on the 18th day of August. They had been almost constantly nuder the saddle since the battle of Cedar Mountain, having been irregularly and scantily fed upon what the barrenness of the country afforded. When the series of engagements commenced along the Rappahannock my brigade was in constant demand, and was moved here and there, either to guard different fords or examine the country. Much of my force was at times detailed and placed under the different division and brigade command- ers. During the engagement at Freemans Ford I was ordered over the river with six companies of cavalry~ to ascertain the position of the enemy, which I was not long in doing, for upon reaching the top of the river bank they were to be seen in strong force in front and down the river on our left, which fact I reported, and soon after received orders to return. There was no time that my brigade was not in constant requisition, moving with rapidity wherever ordered. When the corps moved, my brigade invariably took the post of rear guard and flankers. On the morning after our return to near Warrenton Springs I joined General Bayards brigade, with three regiments and two mountain how- itzers, and we proceeded together to the rear of Warrenton Springs, in the direction of Waterloo Bridge, the enemys cavalry, about 1,000 strong, retiring before us. On the afternoon of August 25, while in the vicinity of Waterloo Bridge, I received orders to occupy Warrenton Springs with such of my command as I had at my disposal. I accordingly sent a company forward to carefully reconnoiter the place, and no sooner had its ad- vance approached l~he springs than it was fired upon from the houses and adjoining fields, and it was reported to me that the enemy was there in force. I reported the fact, and received orders to shell the place, which I did, after examining the woods to my right and left. The enemy being seen to cross on the burning timbers of the bridge, which had been fired by our troops in the morning, and others wading, I ceased firing, and sent a small party first and then a squadron of cavalry to examine the place, and found it vacated. About this time the enemy opened with a battery from the opposite side of the river, and obtained our range. Their battery being of heavier caliber than our own, I drew back a short distance, and left pickets near the War- renton House. The enemy then commenced shelling the place, and a shell struck the Warrenton House. The building was soon in flames, whether from our own shell or those of the enemy I am unable to say. That night at 12 oclock we withdrew to Warrenton Village. The next day (26th) I received orders to report with the Fourth New York, Ninth New York, Sixth Ohio, and three companies of the Con- necticut cavalry, with two pieces of artillery, to General Buford, which I did at midnight; and on the morning of the 27th I followed him in the direction of Salem, which place we reached about midday. Several prisoners were taken; and here it was ascertained that Longstreet, with his command, was about 2 miles from us, on the way up to Salem, and Jackson had passed on toward White Plains, and was em route for Thoroughfare Gap. We soon left for White Plains, picking up several stragglers from the enemy, and Salem was occupied by Longstreets forces in a few minutes after we left, as it was ascertained by our pickets left in the rear. We turned to the right from White~Plains and struck the road leading back to Warrenton, which place we reached at Page 272 272 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. oclock in the evening. The enemy was seen by oar rear guard follow- ing us up to Warrenton. We guarded Warrenton that night, all other troops having left, and also guarded the road in the directiou of Gaines- ville, and on the 28th brought up the rear of the army, joining the corps on the morning of the 29th. My horses were completely worn out and almost iu a starving condition. All along our route, from White Plains and from Warrenton to Bull Itun, they were dropping down with their riders and dying, so that when I reported to you on the morning of the 29th most of my horses were unable to carry the rider and had to be led. Nevertheless I selected all that could possibly be used and placed them on duty. About midday on the 30th, by your direction, I placed the Fourth New York Cavalry on the road to the left of our position on that day, with directions to send out patrols for a mile or more to the front and left; but they had been there but a short time when they became engaged with the enemys right. For a full report I would respectfully refer you to Lieutenant-Colonel Nazers report. On the evening of the 30th my command remained near the battle- field, and brought up the rear of the army to Centreville the next morning. Again a portion of my brigade brought up the rear of General Sum- ners division from Fairfax on the 4th instant, a large portion having been detailed away to act with General Buford. When a short distance from Fairhix the enemy opened upon us with two pieces of artillery stationed to our left, and as we moved our posi- tion they changed theirs, and so continued to annoy us until their cavalry were drawn into a wood, near night, for the purpose of captur- ing our artillery, when a brigade of infantry rose and gave them a vol- ley, and we were no longer disturbed, until at midnight we got into a thick wood at the cross-roads this side of VienNa, when they gave us a volley and retired, killing several and wounding about 20. It would be difficult to enumerate all the duties which my brigade performed. It could not have done more. Without transportation, without supplies, almost constantly in the saddle day and night, fre- qnentiy engaged with the enemy, they bore all without a murmur. I remain, general, most respectfully, your obedient servant, J. BEARDSLEY Colonel Ninth Cavalry, Commanding Cavalry Bri~jade. Maj. Gen. FRANZ SIGEL, Commanding First Corps, Army of Virginia. No. 4. Report of Lient. Cot. Charles Wetschky, First Maryland Cavalry, of opera tions August 21September 3. HDQRS. FIRST REGIMENT MARYLAND CAVALRY, Halts Farm, Va., September 17, 1862. Pursuant to order this day received the following report of the part taken by this command in the recent battles on the Rappahannock and at Bull Run is respectfully forwarded~ The regiment, in common with General Sigels corps, left Sulphur Springs on the 21st instant, under orders to proceed to Fayetteville Page 273 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NO1~THERN VIRGINIA. 27~3 arriving near General Popes headquarters at about 1 oclock p. m. At about 3 p. m. the command moved to the right, and after remaining for some time on the right flank was bivouacked for the night about 2 miles from General Popes headquarters. During the night a portion of the command, under Major Deems, made a reconnaissance near the river bank, and were fired upon by the enemy~s infantry. Early on the morning of the 22d the regiment was ordered to proceed to Freemans Ford, near which place it remained during the day, doing duty at scouting, patrolling, & c., and bivouacking during the night. Ou the 23d the command returned to Sulphur Springs, arriving at that place about 3 p. m. In common with the brigade, this regiment bivouacked near Sulphur Springs, and on the morning of the 24th moved to the right, near Waterloo Bridge, aiscovering the enemys pickets on the bank of the river, a short distance from the bridge; returiming to Sul- phur Springs, and remaining there until about 2 p. in., when the com- mand of General Sigel moved toward Waterloo Bridge, encamping about 3 miles from the bridge for the night. On the morning of the 25th moved to a piece of woods near Water- Ioo Bridge, and during the day did heavy duty at scouting and patroll- ing. About dark moved with the corps toward Warrenton, arriving at Warrenton about 8 oclock on the morning of the 26th. The regi- ment remained at Warrenton until the morning of the 2 tth, during the intervening time doing duty at scouting and reconnoitering; and on the morning of the 27th moved toward Gainesville, a portion of the regiment being in advance and two companies acting as a rear guard. When near Gainesville the advance of General Sigels corps ThU in with the enemy, and the portion of this command that was in the advance did good service in picking up the scatterers from the enemys force, encamping for the night near Gainesville, and proceeding on toward Manassas Junction early on the morning of the 28th instant. During the 28th the regiment was very actively engaged in scouting, flanking, and reconnoitering, and succeeded in capturing between 70 and 80 prisoners. On the afternoon of the 28th a detachment of 30 men, under the regimental adjutant, discovered near Bull Bun a large force of Confederate cavalry in line and heavy bodies of infantry and artillery passing toward Gainesville. On reporting to a brigadier-gen- eral, probaWy General Schenek, he was ordered to advance and dis- cover who they were. After succeeding in capturing 33 prisoners, 15 of whom were abandoned afterward because of being closely pressed, and having no knowledge of re-enforcements coming, the squad was met by Captain Asmussen, of General Sigels staff; with a detachment of cavalry, and ere long the corps of General Sigel moved in that direction. During Friday, the 29th, Lieutenant-Colonel Wetschky, with a por- tion of his command, were engaged in scouting and flanking, the re- mainder of the command being stationed near the headquarters of General Sigel. On Friday night the regiment, which for four days had been acting in detached bodies, was again consolidated, and early on the morning of the 30th was ordered to report to Colonel Beardsley, commanding cavalry brigade. During the battle of the 30th the cav- alry was held in reserve until the left wing gave way, when an effort was made by the cavalry to stop the stragglers. After remaining at this duty until orders were received from the brigade commander to form a line of battle to the right of the retreating column, scarcely had the line been formed when a battery of the enemy cojumenced shelling 18 u R~Y0L XII, PT I Page 274 2~4 OP11~ATJONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [dHAr. ~ the line. After falling behind a hill, out of range of the shell, and being ordered to remain there until receiving further orders, the regi- ment was left without orders until the bridge over Bull Run had been nearly destroyed, when the officer in charge of the party who were ordered to destroy sent a message for the cavalry to come up in great haste-.-.~that he had just discovered that they were still in the rear. After fording the stream remained with the rear guard until arriving at near Centreville. On rejoining the cavalry brigade, which was on the 31st August, the command remained on duty at Ceutreville, Fairfax Court-House, and intervening points, arriving at Langley, Va., on the morning of the 3d September. Although from the fact of the regiment being so much scattered it was prevented from accomplishing as much as might have been otherwise, still I feel justified in stating that the command behaved in a creditable manner. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CII. WETSCHKY, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. No. 5. Report of l2ieut. Col. Ferries Nazer, Fourth New York Cavalry, of the battle of Bull Run. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH NEW YoRK CAVALRY, Camp flails Farm, Va. COLONEL: I have the honor to report that on Saturday, August 30, 1862, the regiment under my command was stationed by General Sigel upon the extreme left of the army, to watch a road by which re-enforce- ments for the enemy were expected. I remained at this point until the left wing of our army gave way and a number of shells had been thrown amongst us, when, observing a large body of the enemys cav- alry emerging from a wood with the evident intention of cutting off my command, I marched it to rejoin the army. I had proceeded but a short distance when we came upon and passed two regiments of rebel cavalry, supported by infantry, and a battery drawn up in line, nuder cover of the crest of a hill, preparing to charge upon General Bufords brigade, stationed on the opposite side of the hill. I informed General Buford of the enemys whereabouts and intention, and at his request quickly formed my command into line behind the First Michigan Cav- alry, and with that regiment charged upon the enemy, scattering them in every direction. Reforming our lines we engaged a fresh regiment hand to hand, but finding that we received no support from the rear and that we were greatly outnumbered by the enemys cavalry, also being subject to a heavy fire from their infantry, which was now ad- vancing at double-quick, we were compelled to retire. The number of men of my regiment under my command on this occasion was but 130. Of these 63 are killed, wounded, and missing, besides one officer killed, Lient. J. Mire. Our men charged upon the enemy with sabers only, receiving as they did so a hot fire from their revolvers, carbines, & c. Throughout the entire affair my command behaved with the greatest coolness and gallantry. F. KAZER, Lieut. Liol., Gommanding Fourth New York Cavalr~i Page 275 CHAP. Xnv.J CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 275 No. 0. Report of Maj. Charles McLean Knox, Ninth New York cavalry, of operations August 18September 2. August 18. Commencing August 18 we formed the rear guard of General Sigels corps in its retreat from the Rapidan River. August 20, arrived at Sulphur Springs, Va. August 21, left Sulphur Springs and arrived at Freemans Ford,~ where, on the 22d, we made several reconnaissances in front of the enemy. August 23, left Freemans Ford, and formed the advance guard to General Scheneks division. On arriving at Fayetteville were ordered by General Schenck to make a reconnaissance to Deep Creek, about 2 miles from Sulphur Springs. On approaching the banks of the creek our advanced skirmishers were fired upon l)y a party of the enemy. An active skirmish followed, in which we silenced the enemy without suffering loss ourselves. We held our position until General Milroys brigade came to our assistance, when a brisk fight followed. August 24, we were ordered to return to Fayetteville to cover the rear of the army. August 25, we were again ordered to proceed to Sulphur Springs. As we were crossing Deep Creek we were opened upon by artillery and infantry, and were obliged to retire a short distance and proceed by another road to Warrenton. Au~ust 26, we returned to Fayetteville, and escorted a portion of General Sigels train to Warrenton. August 27, we were sent with our brigade on a reconnaissance to Salem and White Plains. Our advanced skirmishers captured quite a number of prisoners. August 28, we reported to General Sigel near the Bull Run battle- field. August 29, we lay all day in rear of our forces as a reserve during the battle. August 30, when the panic began we formed line in single rank in front of our retreating forces, to check the retreat of our disorganized troops from the field. August 31, we proceeded to Centreville, where we remained until the afternoon of September 1, when we were ordered to report to Gen- eral Buford at Germantown. September 2, we were ordered by General Buford to proceed to the incomplete railroad west of Fairfax Court-House, to cover the rear of General Sigels corps. Our advanced skirmishers were there attacked by a party of the enemy, and in a skirmish that followed we lost 2 men killed and 1 wounded. During the entire campaign daily detachments were made from our regiment for reconnoitering, picket, and patrol (lAity. CHARLES MCLEAN KNOX, Major, Commanding Ninth New York Cavalry Page 276 [CHAP. XXIV. 276 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. No. 7. Report of Gol. William R. Lloyd, Sixth Ohio Cavalry, of operations August 21September 3. IIDQRS. SIXTH REG-T. Onio VOLUNTEER CAVALRY, Halls Farm, D. C. r Va.], September 13, 1862. GENERAL: In obedience to general orders, this morning received, I respectfully submit the following report of the operations of the regi- ment under my command during the march of the army from Rapidan River: My regiment had just returned from a reconnaissance to Stanards- yule, which occupied two days and nights, when we were ordered to prepare for our retrograde march with the army. We went into the saddle at 4 oclock in the afternoon, but did not leave the camp until the afternoon of the next day, the regiment serving with the cavalry brigade which constituted the rear guard of your corps. We passed through Culpeper about 9 oclock at night, and about 2 oclock in the morning rested afew miles from the South Branch of the Rappahannock, on the road to Sulphur Springs. Our march was resumed in the morning, and we crossed the bridge on the road to the springs with the brigade before noon, and a detail from my regiument assisted in burning the bridge. We went into camp with the army at the springs about 9 p. in. The next morning we were ordered to mount at 4 a. in., but did not move from the camp until 3 in the afternoon, when we proc~ded in the rear of the corps in the direction of Ttappahannock Station. That night we halted in the middle of the camp, on the road, saddled and unfed, until 7 oclock the next morning, when we continued our march toward IRappahannock Station. About 9 in the morning I was directed by you to report with my .regiment to General Schenek, then engaging the enemy at the North Branch of the river, near its confluence with the South Branch. I found General Scheuck at the extreme right of his command, near Faumts Ford. He directed me to put my regiment in position to guard the ford and support a battery which he shortly afterward sent to that point. About 1 oclock in the afternoon I was directed to report to you for particular instructions, and was ordered by you to proceed with my regiment, one regiment of infantry (to be furnished for the purpose by General Stahel), and one section of the mountain howitzer battery, and cross the river at Fants Ford. The stone house opposite the ford I was instructed to burn in case I should find it a protection for the enemy, whose pickets had been firing on us from the house during the morning. I was notified that a brigade would be sent across the river at the ford 2 miles below us. On~.passage across the ford was ordered to be covered by artillery and infantry by General Stahel. We crossed the ford, the enemys pickets retiring before us. At the (histance of a mile from the river we found at diffl~rent points a considerable force of cavalry and some infantry, who fell back as our advance or flanking parties approached them. Whilst across the river we found a very sharp engagement suddenly commenced below us, which we subsequently found was brought on by the brigade which crossed at the lower ford. By direction of Gen- eral Stahel we recrossed the river, and encamped within gunshot of the ford for the night. The next morning th& entire corps retraced its march toward Sulphur Springs. During the march our brigade wa Page 277 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 277 left under my command. We reached the camping ground in the neighborhood of the springs in the evening, whilst an artillery engage- ment at that place was going on with great spirit. Before reaching the camp some 5,000 troopscavalry, infantry, and artillerywere crowded into a narrow space, delayed by the trains which blocked np the road, whilst the stray shot and shell falling in our midst showed we were, without the apparelit knowledge of tb e enemy, within (lestructive range of his guns. The next day we served with the brigade in reconnoitering in the nei9hborhood of the Springs. In the afternoon Thur colnI)anies of my regiment, under colnmall(l of Captain Iinghamn, were sent back to re- port to General iteno and assist in escorting his train. The remainder of the regiment proceeded with you late in tbe evening, as a part of your escort, toward Waterloo Bridge, and encamped some 2 miles from the springs. The next morning we reached the bill a mile from the bridge, and then watched the movements of the enemy in his march from Fayette. rule, some 5 miles distant, from daylight until noon. We then re- turned with the brigade to the Springs, taking with us the mount~ain howitzers. In driving out a party of the enemy from the Springs our howitzers attracted the fire from the enemys battery across the river, whilst a shell from a howitzer set fire to the buildings at the Springs, a considerable portion of which was thereby destroyed. At 10 oclock at night, with the brigade acting as rear guard, we proceeded to War- renton, reaching that place about 2 oclock in the morning, resting until daylight in the street, when we went into camp. At 4 oclock in the afternoon I was directed by Colonel Beardsley to rel)ort with the brigade to General Buford, on the road to Waterloo Bridge. We encampe(l with him that night, amid the next morning, joined by Colonel Beard sley, we accompanied General Buford amA hi~ comumand to Salem and White Plains. At the former place some 50 prisoners were taken, who were sent back to Warrenton mmdci charge of Lieutenant Wyatt, of my regiment. Here was discovered the im- l)ort~Int fact that a large force of the enemy under Jackson had passed through these villages and through Thoroughfare Gap toward Manassas Junctioh the day before our arrival, amid that a larger force was then fol- lowing him, and but a short distance from Saleimm. We returned to War- renton with the brigade, and again rested in the high roa(l without for- age for horses until daylight, the other troops of the corps having left Warrenton during the preceding day. Time next mornimig we proceeded toward Manassas Junction. As we al)proached Manassas in the evening we found from heavy firimig on our left that some part of our army had engaged the enemy. We learned that you had proceeded imi the direction of the battle ground, near which we caine up with the corps, and remained there until morning. Early the next mornin we furnished a detail of 50 men, being imearly all that could be provided with serviceable horses. The regiment then went into camp near the battle-field of the 29th. Excepting the detail already mentioned, certain aides and orderlies serving with yourself and General Steinwelir, my command was not on duty during the day, and was not again ordered out until 5 oclock in the evening of the 30th. The whole brigade was then formed to arrest the retreat of the straggling infantry, at that time an object of great concern, occasioned, as I knew, by the sudden shifting of the line of battle from the right to the center and left wing~ Whilst my regi- ~neut was in line for this purpose a shot fell itt the ranks of Compan Page 278 278 9PERATJONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. II, cutting off the fore legs of a horse. Another fell into a group of mounted men, immediately to the rear of my line, cutting off both urms of a mounted man. These shots, to my surprise, seemed to come from the extreme right of the line of battle. We were shortly after- war(l ordered to withdraw, aud with the brigade, conducted by Colonel Beardsiey, we moved on toward Centreville with the then retreating ~irmy. We reached Centreville about midnight. The next day, Sunday, we rested, sending one company, Captain iRichart, to report to yonr head- ~ uarters. Monday afternoon I was ordered, with my regiment and the Ninth New York and two companies of the First Connecticut, to report to General Buford, then on the road leading to Fairfax. A short distance from camp we found he had turned off the main road northward, and we followed in the same direction. We soon caine up with the column of General IReno, whose skirmishers were there engaging the enemy, then approaching the left of our line on the Centreville road, evidently for the purpose of cutting off our trains. We passed close to Renos column, following tbe conrse taken by General Buford. We turned the right of Renos line when the battle was apparently hottest, a thnnder-stormn in terrific fury breaking forth at the same time. We found General Buford just at night posted on the road leading from Fairfax toward Leesburg, only 100 yards from the Centreville pike, and apparently not more than half a mile from the battle ground where Gen- erals Kearny and Stevens fell. General Buford assigned us a position near the 1)ike, which we occul~ie(l until morning. At daylight we found in position on the same ground the divisions of Major-Generals Hooker and Couch, and subsequently on the Cen- treville road, to the left of their lines, the division of General Franklin. General Buford ordered the Ninth New York on sotne detached duty, and left me with the Sixth Ohio and two companies of the First Con- necticut to take orders from Major-General Hooker. About 4 oclock in the afternoon I was ordered by this officer to move my cavalry forward half a mile on the Leesbnrg road, to watch the enemy, whose moving column was there visible. In the mean time his command and Franklins were both withdrawn toward Fairfax. He then sent an order directing me to call in my pickets and return slowly to the forks of the road, and report there to General Bayard. I found General Bayard at that point with a large body of cavalry, and by his orders joined his column and marched to Alexandria, arriving there about daylight in the morning. The evening of the same day I reported to you near the Chain Bridge, ami(l by your direction went into camp at the headquarters of Colonel Beardsley, a mnile above the Chain Bridge. During this eventful march of the armily our horses suffered con- stantly from excessive work and want of forage. No day passed in which we did not lose from one to ten from sheer exhaustion. The result is that for our two battalions, still numbering 596 men~ we need 448 horses to render my command effective. The hard service and hard tare of my men were endnred without murmuring. No enlisted miman was arrested for straggling, and but two appear on the rolls of the 30th as missing. No officer of my regiment during this fatiguing and disheartening march absented himself from duty. Our regimental surgeon, Dr. Finch, employed and assigned to duty ~n my regiment by the state of Ohio, has been serving since the ~9t Page 279 XXIV.) CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 279 ultimo in the general hospital and is now on duty at Alexandria. His faithful services there are entitled to especial mention. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ~ B. LLOYD, Colonel, Commanding Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Major-General SIGEL, Commanding First Corps, Army of Virginia. No. 8. Reports of Brig. Gen. Robert C. sSchenck, U. S. Army, commanding First Division (by Lieutenant Chesebrough), of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. WASHINGTON, B. 0., September 17, 1862. GENERAL: I have ~he honor to make the following report of the part taken by the First Division, First Corps, Army of Virginia, in the bat- tle of Friday, the 30th ultimo, at Bull Bun: On Thursday, the 29th ultimo, we left Buckland Mills, passing through Gainesville, and proceeded on the Manassas Junction pike to within some 4 miles of that place, and then turned eastwardly, march- ing toward Bull Run. The scouts in advance reported a force of the enemy, consisting of infantry and cavalry, in front. We were hurried forward, and formed line of battle with our right toward Centreville. Some few shell were thrown into a clump of. woods in front where the enemy were last seen, but without eliciting any response. Some two hours elapsed, when heavy firing was heard on our left, which we con- cluded was from ~ corps and the enemy, who had worked around from our front in that direction. We were immediately put in motion, and marched on the Warrenton road and took position for the night on a hill east of the stone house, our right resting on the pike. On Friday mormung early the engagement was commenced by General Milroy on our right, in which we soon after took l)art, and a rapid artil- lery fire ensued from both sides. For some time heavy columns of the enemy could be seen filing out of a wood in front and gradually falling back. They were within range of our guns, which were turned on them, and must have done some execution. An hour after we received the order to move one brigade by the flank to the left and advance, which was done. We here obtained a good position for artillery, and sta- tioned De Becks First Ohio Battery, which did excellent service, dis- mounting one of the enemys guns, blowing up a caisson~ ~nd silencing the battery. Unfortunately, however, they were poorly ~np~lied with ammunition, and soon compelled to withdraws Our two brigades were now put in motion. General Stahel, commanding First Brigade, march- ing around the right of the hill to a hollow in front, was ordered to draw up in line of battle and halt. Colonel McLean advanced around the left of the hill under cover of the woods, pressing gradually forward nutil he struck the turnpike at a white house about one half mile in advance of the stone house. General Milroys brigade arrived about the same time. We here halted and sent back for General Stahel, who took the pike and soon joined us. We then formed our line of battle in the woods to the left of the pike, our right resting on the road, and then pushed Page 280 280 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. on slowly. Milroy in the mean while had deployed to the right of the road, and soon became engaged with the enemy. Our division was advanced until we reached the edge of the woods and halted. In front of us was an open space (which also extended to the right of the road and to our right) beyond which was another wood. We remained here nearly an hour, the firing in the fnean while becoming heavy on the right. The enemy had a battery very advantageously pheed on a high ridge behind the woods in front of Milroy, on the right of the road. It was admirmibly served and entirely concealed. Our position becoming known, their lire was directed toward us. The general determined, therefore, to advance, and so pushed on across the open space in front and took position in the wood@ beyond. We here (liscovered that we were on the battle ground of the night before and found the hospital of Gibbons brigade, who had engaged the enemy. The battery of the enemy still continued. We had no artillery. De Becks and Schirmners ammunition having given out, and Buells bat- tery, which had reported, after a hot contest with the enemy (who had every advantage in position and range), was compelled to retire. It was now determined to flank the battery and capture it, and for this purpose General Schenek ordered one of his aides to reconnoiter the position. Before lie returned, however, we were requested by General Milroy to assist him, as lie was~very heavily pressed. General Stahel was immediately ordered to proceed with his brigade to Milroys support. It was about this time (I or 2 oclock) that a line of skir- mishers were observed approaching us from the rear. They proved to be of General Reynolds division.* We communicated with General Reynolds at once, who took his position on our left, and at General Schencks suggestioim he sent a battery to our right in the woods for the purpose of flanking the enemys. They secured a position, and were engaged with him about an hour, but with what result we were not informed. General Reynolds now sent us word that he had discovered the enemy bearing dowim upon his left in heavy columns, and that he intended to fall back to the first woods behind the cleared space, and had already put his troops in motion. We therefore accommodated our- selves to his movement. It was about this time that your order came to press toward the right. We returned answer that the enemy were iii force in front of us, and that we could not do so without leaving the left much exposed. General Schenek again asked for some artillery. General Stahels bri- gade, that had been sent to General Milroys assistance, having accom- plished its object under a severe fire, had returned, and soon after Gen- eral Stevens reported with two regiments of infantry and a battery of four 20-poumider Parrott guns. With these re-enforcements we deter- mined to advance again amid reoccupy the woods in front of the cleared space, and communicated this intention to General Reynolds. He, however, had fallen back on our left some distance to the rear. He was therefore requested to make his connection with our left. The Parrotts in the mean while were placed in position, and under the ad- mnirable umanagement of Lieutenant Benjamin did splendidly. Two mountain howitzers also reported, and were placed on our right imi the edge of the woods near the road, and commenced shelling the woods in front of the open space, which were now occupied by the enemy, our skirmishers having previously fallen back. See Reynolds to McDowell, October 9, and Chesebrough to McDowell 0 in Appendix C to McDoweWs report, otober ~O Page 281 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 281 The artillery fire now became very severe, and General Schenek was convinced that it was very essential that he should have another bat- tery, and so sent me to you to get one. I arrived to find one (Captain iRoemers) just starting. You also directed me to order General Scheuck to fall gradually back, as he was too far forward. This he had per- ceived, and, anticipating, fell slowly back, placing his division behind the slope of the hill in front of the one we had occupied in the morn- ing. Captain Itoeiners battery in the mean while had taken position in front of the white hoYise on the right of the pike, a little in advance of the hill on which we were. Lieutenant Benjamins battery had suf- fered severely, s~ much so that he reported only one section fit for duty, the other having lost all its cannoneers. They were l)laced in position, and fired one or two rounds at the woods in front of the posi- tion we had just left, more to get the range than anything else. We were now ordered to descend the lull, cross the road, and take np our position behind the house in front of which was Captain Itoemers bat- tery. This we did, deploying the brigades in line of battlethe Second Brigade in front and the First Brigade in the rear. We remained so during the night. The above report is respectfnlly submitted, with the remark that it is made without any communication with General Schenek, he being severely wonnded and prevented by his surgeons orders from attend- ing to any business whatever; and although fully assured that the main points are correct, there may have been some orders or move- ments of minor importance which in my position as aide, carrying orders, might not have come within my notice. I am, general, your most obedient servant, WM. II. CHESEBROUGH, A. D. C. and A. A. A. U., 1st Div., 1st Corps, Army of Va. Maj. Gen. FRANZ SIGEL, Commanding First Corps, Army of Virginia. WASHINGTON, D. C., & ptember 27, 1802. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit a continuation of the report of the active participation of the First Division in the battles of the 29th and 30th ultimo. I have already stated the position taken by the division after the battle of Friday, the 29th. We remained in this position until about 1 oclock p. m. of Saturday, the 30th ultimo, when we were ordered to form column by divisionby battalion. This was accomplished after some difficulty, occasioned by large bodies of troops pouring in from our rear getting in between the brigades, and causing great confusion and much counter-marching. After the movement was completed we stood as follows: To the right of the pike and to the rear of Dogans farm, the Second Brigade in front of the First Brigade. We remained thus for some time, when you ordered us to detail one regiment to march to a point on the left of the road for the purpose of making a connection with General Reynolds, on our left. The Fifty-fifth IRegi- ment Ohio Volunteers was selected by Colonel McLean, commanding Second Brigade, and proceeded, under the direction of one of your aides, to the designated place. Soon after you ordered us to send a battery, with a brigade to support it, across and to the left of the road, to occupy a bald bill. This order was executed by sending the Secon Page 282 282 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAr. XXIV. Brigade, Colonel McLean, who placed his three remaining regiments on the slope of the hill, nnder cover and within easy supporting distance of the battery, which was placed on the crest. General Stahel, commanding the First Brigade, at the same time :marched forward and took position in advance of that but recently occupied by the Second, and oii either side of Dogans honse, in the ~following order: Schirmers battery on the crest of the hill, joining two other batteries that were already there, with the Forty-fifth, Twenty- seventh, and Eighth behind it to the right of the house, and the Forty- first Regiment to the left of the house and on the other side of the road. The Second Brigade had hardly taken their position on the bald hill when General Reynolds put his troops in motion, marching past their entire front to some point on the right or rear, thus leaving Colonel McLean on the extreme left without other support. This movement on the part of General Reynolds necessitated a change in the position of the troops, which was done by placing the battery iu the center and two regiments on either side (the Fifty-fifth Regiment having rejoined the brigade), and deploying them in line of battle, fronting west. It was at this time, while all attention was directed to the front, where General Porter was hotly engaged, that a heavy column of the enemy were seen advancing on McLeans front, driving before them a regiment of Zonaves, and also repulsing som~ other troops who ad. vanced to meet them from his right. Colonel McLean now open~d on ~them with his four pieces of artillery, throwing shell, and as they ap- iproached nearer, canister. The infantry also commenced a heavy fire, and in a short time they were compelled to retreat, which they did in great confusion. At this time a large force was seen advancing from a piece of woods to the left and rear, but they were snpposed to be friends, from the fact of their clothes being dark. Soon after this another body of the enemy marched out of the woods across the posi- ition lately occnpied by General Reynolds and commenced a heavy fire ~on the left flank, which was replied to with interest, and the contest became very severe. Almost at the same time those whom we had taken for our own men opened a heavy fire on our rear. General & henck then gave the order to change front, so as to repel this attack. This maneuver was well executed, the regiments wheeling by battalion and coming up into line, fronting the enemy in fine order. It was about this time that you ordered General Milroy up to the assistance of Colonel McLean, but owing to some contradictory orders only one ~regiment, the Fifth Virginia, Colonel Zeigler, went up the hill, the bothers going in a different direction. The fight now raged fiercely, but so heavy and continuous a fire was rdelivered by the Second Brigade that the enemy were again compelled to retire. Our men followed them closely, and would undoubtedly have driven them from the field had it not been for another force of the enemy which was seen advancing on the right flank from the point where they had first been driven backthe late front. It was about this time that General Schenek was wounded and carried off the field. He had been in the thickest of the fight, cheering and rallying the men and at the moment he received the wonnd he was gallantly leading on a regiment of Pennsylvania troops to the support of McLean. The tide of battle now turned. After fighting most successfully against superior and steadily increasing numbers without any support, and their right flank threatened, thcy were compelled to retire. The order was given, and they fell back across the bald hill, and, following the road tow~r4 (~nt~ev~lle, halte4 ~t ~ white house on the left of th Page 283 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 283 road a half mile from the stone house, where they commenced to reor- ganize. It was about the time that the Second Brigade was retiring from the bald bill that General Stahel was ordered to send a regiment to its sup- port. The Forty-first New York, and about the same time Colonel Koltes brigade, of General Schurz division, followed a short time after by Colonel Krzyzanowskis brigade, marched up the hill, but they arrived too late to render any assistance to McLean, and, after fighting most gallantly against heavy odds, were compelled to yield. The enemy followed up their advantage vigoronsly, took possession of the hill, and pressed steadily on the road. General Stahel now moved the Eighth New York and Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania across the heights to the right and rear of iDogans farm, leaving the Forty-fifth New York to protect Schirmers battery, which he placed on the hill to the rear of Dogans house, and directed its fire on the advancing enemy. The enemy still continued to approach. The Forty-fifth now changed their position to between the pike and iDogans house, and succeeded in checking the enemys advance and driving them back across the road. General Stahel then fell back, taking the road across the heights be- hind the stone house to a position on the left (west) of the road, and here assembled his brigade. Colonel McLean soon after reported, and then General Stahel assumed command, on hearing that General Schenck had been wounded. I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, WM. II. CHESEBROUGH, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. Upon mentioning to General Schenek that I had been reqnested to make a report of Saturdays proceedings, and while unable, in his pres- ent condition, even to revise what I have written, he yet desires me to say that he wishes to express his approbation of the coolness and brav- ery displayed by General Stahel, Colonel McLean, and the officers and men of their respective brigades, and also to commend Lieutenant Blume and Lieutenant llinchman, commanders of the batteries, for the active and efficient service they performed. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. II. CUESEBIIOUGIT, Aide-cle-Gamp and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 9. Report of Brig. Gen. Julius Stahel, U. S. Army, commanding First Bri gade and First Division, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. IIDQRS. FIRST Div., FIRST CORPS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, Near Gentreville, September 1, 1862. Sin: I herewith have the honor to submit to you the report concern- ing I he active participation of the First Brigade, First Division, at the battle on the 29th and 30th of August: On the 28th of August, at about dark, I arrived near Robinsons farm, and planted Schirmers battery on the right near the farm, direct- ing its fire into a wood on the right beside the road, as at the time a heavy infantry fight took place in front of ~ie on the Warrenton turn- pike. With the increasing darkness the fire of the battery ceased, and ill mar~hed my brigade, which had been in position behind the farm, to Page 284 284 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. ward a hill on the left of the farm, where the brigade remained overnight, extending its pickets to Youngs Branch. With break of day on the 29th I followed the Second Brigade, First D iyision, marching to Dogans farm, and took l)osition behind the farm. I remained here but a short time, when I received the order to advance on the Warrenton turnpike beyond Groveton. Having advanced about 1 mile I received the order to take position on the left of the road, resting with my right wing of the brigade on the road and with my left wing on the Second Brigade. Here I found a number of dead and wounded soldiers from McDowells corps from the preceding evening, and I had all the possi- ble medical assistance bestowed upon them. Having remained here half an hour a heavy skirmish took place to our right, and General Milroy sent to Brigadier-General Scheuck, c~nimanding First Division, for support. In order to support General Milroy I left said position and followed the course shown to me by General Milroys orderly. Arriving at Youngs Branch with my brigade I reported myself to Gen. eral Milroy, and took my brigade to the left of Milroys, along Youngs Branch, where I could prevent the enemy from breaking our lines and be ready at any time to render assistance to General Milroy. Here I had but little cover for my troops and was very much exposed to the cross-fire of the enemys artillery, in consequence whereof I sustained a loss of several dead and wounded. During these proceedings one of General Stevens batteries and two regiments were placed behind Grove- ton farm to operate against time enemys batteries. As soon as the battery commenced firing, thereby fully governing all the open ground on the right of the turnpike, and with the assistance of the two regi- ments making it iml)ossible for the enemy to break through at this point, I received orders from General Scheuck to take my brigade through a small defile to the left of the turnpike on the left of Grove- ton farm, taking position on the borders of the woods, resting my right wing on the turnpike, and the Second Brigade jomning on the left, placing the Eighth and Twenty-seventh Ilegimnents in front, the Forty-fifth and Forty- first Itegiments in reserve, and two pieces of the mountain howitzer battery on the left wing of my brigade, the skir- mishers in front of the brigade on a smnall hill and in Groveton farm. The enemm~y kept up a lively artillery fire upon General Stevens bat- tery, planted on our right wing, about 200 paces to the rear, and also upon the woods occupied by us, while the enemys skirmishers, trying to advance on the road, were warmly received by ours, and as they threw themselves iii stronger force agaimmst the skirmishers of the Eighth Ileglinent they were received on the top of the hill by a volley of the Eighth Itegimemit, whereupon they fell back and ceased firing. As the right wing seemed to have retreated the brigade received the order at about 4 oclock to move back slowly on the left of the road and to take position on the chain of hills to the left of Dogans farm. Having been here but a short time I received further orders to encamp behind Dogans farm; in consequence thereof I marched there, crossing Young~s Branch and the turnpike, and took camp behind the Second Brigade, where ~ve remained overimight. On the 30th of August the First Brigade remained in position in its camp, about 400 paces behind Dogans farm, up to 1 oclock p. in., till I received orders from Major-General Sigel to take position on the crescent of time hill by the side of Dogans farm. On the crescent itself I placed, besides two batteries already l)lanted there, Schirmers bat- tery, amid behind the batteries the Forty-fifth, Twenty-seventh, and ]l~ighth IRegiments of my brigade in the followimmg order; Adjoining th Page 285 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 285 farm, the Forty-fifth; on the right of it, the Twenty-seventh, and on the right of this the Eighth Regiment, while the Forty-first Regiment was posted on the left of the road. The fight began in the vicinity of Grovetons farm and to the left of it very lively; also, I saw the troops that occupied the heights to my left fall back. The Forty-first Regi- ment was now ordered in support on the left wing, and later the whole of Colonel Koltes brigade. The Forty-first Regiment was here at- tacked by a strong force of the enemy, defending itself with the greatest bravery, and, yielded at last only to greatly superior numbers, after having already been flanked on its left, and having sustained a con- siderable loss of wounded and killed. Still the enemy pressed forward on our left, taking hill after hill, until he had arrived on the road lead- ing from New Market to the stone house. While the enemy had taken possession of the heights opposite Dogans farm I received orders, through Major Meysenberg, assistant adjutant-general, to take position farther. In consequence thereof I marched the Eighth and Twenty-seventh Regiments farther to their rear, and left the Forty-fifth Regiment as protection to the batteries of Major-General Hooker. Schirmers battery now took position on the east side of IDogans farm, directing its fire upon the opposite deploying column of the enemys advance from the front. The Forty-fifth Regiment then took position between the turnpike and Dogans farm, and drove the enemy, who attacked from the left flank, back across Youngs Branch. Toward 6 oclock the batteries left their position, while the enemy was fired upon by a battery from on the heights behind the stone house. Now I ordered the Forty-fifth Regiment back, taking the road across the heights behind the stone house, where the Forty-fifth Regiment, as also the Forty-first Regiment, joined the brigade, where the brigade made another stand, and was shortly afterward joined by Colonel McLeans brigade. Here I learned that General Schenck was wounded, in consequence whereof I took command of the division, transferring the command of the First Bri- gade to Colonel Buschbeck. Having taken with the division a position, I ordered that all troops which came back belonging to different com- mands should rally behind the division, and reported myself to Major- General Sigel, remaining with him till we arrived next morning at Cen- treville. It affords me the greatest pleasure to be able to report that the regi- ments of the First Brigade, as well as Schirmers battery, under the command of First Lieutenant Blume, on both days fought with the greatest bravery and gallantry. To enumerate all those who distin- guished themselves in the battles of the last two days is impossible, but I cannot omit to mention with great approbation the gallantry dis- played by the following field officers: Colonel Buschbeck, of the Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers; Lieutenant-Colonel Canta- dor, of the Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers; Lieutenant- Colonel Wratislaw, commanding Forty-fifth New York State Volun- teers; Lieutenant-Colonel Holmstedt, commanding Forty-first New York State Volunteer~ Major Von Linsiedel, Forty-first New York State Volunteers; Lieutenant-Colonel Hedterich, commanding Eighth New York State Volunteers; Major Pokorny, Eighth New York State Volunteers. I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant JUL. STAHEL, Brigadier- General. Maj. T. A. MEYSENBERG, A. A. G Page 286 286 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., ANP MD. (CHAP. XXIV. No. 10. Reports of col. Nathaniel C. McLean, Seventy-fifth Ohio Infantry, corn. mand~ng Second Brigade, of the battles of Groveton and Butt Run. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, Camp at Centreville, September 1, 1862. GENERAICJ: I have the honor to report, so far as concerning the active participation of the Second Brigade in the battle of Airgust 30, as follows: The briga~1e had been placed in position on the evening of August 29, with the left resting on the Warrenton road, and remained there until the afternoon of August 30, when by order I detailed the Fifty- fifth Ohio iRegim.ent to occupy a position on the left of the Warrenton road which wads pointed out to Colonel Lee by an aide of General Sigel, the object of which was to keep up a connection with General IRey- nolds on my left. A short time after this General Sigel received an order in my presence from General Pope, delivered by Colonel Ruggles, to place a battery with a brigade on a bald hill to my left, so as to sus- tain General IReynolds, and I was immediately ordered by General Sigel to that position with a battery of four pieces of artillery and the Sec- ond Brigade. The order was executed by placing the battery with the three remaining regiments of the brigade (the Seventy-third Ohio, the Twenty-fifth Ohio, and the Seventy-fifth Ohio) in the position indicated, so as to sustain General Reynolds, who then with his right wing joined my left. Soon after I had taken this position, much to my surprise General Reynolds put his troops in motion and marched entirely past and across my front to the right, to what point I am not informed. Finding that this movement had entirely exposed my left flank I im- mediately changed the position of my troops, and deployed in line of battle the Seventy-third and Twenty-fifth Ohio Regiments, fronting the west and to the left of the battery, and the Seventy-fifth and Fifty- fifth Ohio, then returned from its former position on the right of the battery, thus making my line of battle fronting the west, with the bat- tery in the center and two regiments on each side. I could by this time see the enemy advancing on my front aiid a little to the right, driving before them a regiment of Zouaves. They came on rapidly, when some troops advanced to meet them from behind a hill on my right. These troops were also driven back in confusion, and as soon as they got out of the way I opened upon the enemy with the four pieces of artillery, throwing first shell~, and as they approached nearer, canister. 1 also commenced a heavy fire with inhintry, an(l in a short time the enemy retreated in great confusion. During this time my attention had been called to a body of troops advancing toward my position in the rear of my left flank, and supposing them to be enemies, I gave the order to turn two pieces of artillery upon them, but countermanded it upon the assurance of some one who professed to know time fact that they were our own troops, and I readily believed this, as their clothing was dark, and then rested easy, thinking re-enforcements were coming to take position on my left and occupy the place vacated by General Reynolds. I themi turned my exclusive attention to the enemy on my front. Soon after this a heavy force of the enemy, much superior to my own, marched out of the woods across the position formerly occupied by General Reynolds, in fl-out of my left flank, and swept around, so as to come in heavy force both on the fromit and flank of my left wing. This force opened a heavy fire upon the Seventy-third Ohio, and th Page 287 CHAP. XXIV.) CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 28~ next moment the troops in my rear, supposed to be friends, also opened fire with musketry and artillery. Overpowered by such superiority in; numbers, after a short time the Seventy-third and Twenty-fifth felli back over the crest of the hill, but were still exposed to the fire from~ both columns of the enemy. I immediately, when this attack was made, gave the order to change front, so as to repel it if possible, bu1~ the retreat of the battery at this moment interfered somewhat with th~ movement, as it passed through the Seventy-fifth in its retreat. Th~ Fifty-fifth, on my right flank, at the command wheeled by battalion t~ the left and came up into line, fronting the enemy in flue order, and. th~ other regiments speedily formed on his left, and delivered such a he~avy and continuous fire that in a short time the enemy ceased to advarwe~ and commenced to fall back. My men followed with cheers, driving the enemy back rapidly, and would have cleared them from the field but for the fact that the forces permitted to approach Our rear had got into such a position as to rake us with grape, canister, and musketry, while we were attacked severely in front. Under all this, however, my brigade retained the hill until I myself gave the order to fall back slowly. This order was given with great reluctance, and only when my attention was called to a heavy force of the enemy approaching to attack us on our then right flank but former front. I saw that it would~ but destroy my whole command to await that attack, and therefore. gave the order under which we left the hill. During the course of the action General Schenck with several regi- ments came to my aid, but not until I had changed front. He greatly aided me by his gallant conduct in rallying and cheering on the men until he received the wound which drove him from the field. The loss is smaller than I supposed under the circumstances it could possibly be, and I will make a full return upon this point when the particulars are fully ascertained. Both officers and men, with few ex- ceptions, behaved with great gallantry, and had such support been given~ me as to protect my rear from the terrible attack made upon me from that quarter I could have continued to drive the enemy and success- fully resisted his attack. It is impossible in this report to mention the names of all those who distinguished themselves for gallantry, but I cannot refrain from no- ticing, with great approbation, the great coolness and gallantry dis- J)layed by the commanders of the four regiments of the brigade (Colonel Smith, Seventy-third Ohio; Colonel Lee, Fifty-fifth Ohio; Colonel Rich- ardson, Twenty-fifth Ohio, and Major Reily, Seventy-fifth Ohio) during the whole engagement. My own horse was killed under me during the hottest of the fire. N. C. McLEAN, Got., Gomdg. 2d Brig., 1st Div., 1st Army Corps, Army of Va. Brigadier-General STAHEL, Gomdg. First Division, First Corps, Army of Virginia. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST ~IYISIoN, Camp at Uptons fill, September 17, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that late on the afternoon of the 28th of August I came up with the rear of the enemy near Bull Run. After we hj~id reached the hill, which commanded a view of the country around, the enemy placed a battery on another hill at som Page 288 288 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (ChAP. XXIV. distance, and appeared to be firing at some troops not in oar corps. I immediately placed IDe Becks battery in position on a hill to the left and farther in advance, from which we shelled the battery of the enemy until it retired. This closed the firing on our part for the night. On the next day, August 29, we were at an early hour marched for- ward in line of battle on the extreme left toward the enemy, with whom we were only engaged by our skirmishers. Dnring the whole day we were in line of battle and often exposed to fire from the artillery of the enemy, but otherwise we were not actively engaged. Our position was frequently changed, sometimes advancing and some- times retiring, and expecting momentarily an attack. At one time the division of General Reynolds took position on my left and advanced a little beyond my front line, but in a short time General Meade informed me that he had placed a battery, which he had been compelled to with- draw on account of the superior force in artillery which had been brought against it, and that the enemy were marching around on our left in such heavy force that he had decided to fall back immediately, and he then marched the troops which had been a little in advance on my left to some l)oint in my rear. I reported the facts to Gemmeral Scheuck, and he then ordered me to fall back a short distance to another position, which was accordingly done. We remained here until near night, when we were placed in the position we occupied until the after- noon of the 30th. The particulars of the battle on that day I have already reported to you. On. the night of the 29th we had an alarm which caused me to turn out the brigade and advance them in line of battle a little in advance of our camping ground, and over the crest of Ihe hill upon which our batteries in reserve had been placed in the after- noon. After remaining under arms some two hours we again returned to camp. Respectfully, N. C. McLEAN, Colonel, Commanding Second Brigade, First Divssmon. Major-General SIGEL, Commanding First Army Corps. No. 11. Report of Col. William P. Richardson, Twenty-fifth Ohio Infantry, of operations August 2131. linQus. TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT Ouio VOLUNTEERS, September 19, 1862. SIR: I beg leave to submit the following report of the part taken by my regiment in the maneuvers and battles of General Popes army front the 21st day of August until the 31st of the same month: On the 21st of August, 1862, we were at the White Sulphur Springs, in Fauquier County, Virginia, and received orders to send our baggage train to Warrenton, taking with the regiment four wagons, two for ammunition and two for supplies. Five days rations were issuedthat is, of hard bread, sugar, and coffeeand we marched to the neighborhood of Rappahannock Station. In the evening we were moved farther up the river and encamped for the night. Heavy cannonading had been kept up all day farther down the river on our left. On the morning of the 22d we moved up to Freemans Ford, and immediately upon our arrival our artillery became er~.gaged. Genera Page 289 CHAr. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 289 Sigel himself came upon the ground, and superintended the placing of a battery of the reserve artillery, in addition to the one of our brigade - then engaged, and after some two or three hours heavy firing the rebel batteries were silenced or withdrawn. Shortly after Bohleus brigade, of Schnrz division, was sent over the river for some purpose unknown to me. They crossed the river near the left of our brigade by wading the stream. The ford was deep and the banks of difficult ascent. After they had penetrated some distance into the country on the oppo- site side of the river heavy firing was heard, and it presently became evident that our forces were falling back to the ford. By your direc- tion my regiment was placed as quickly as possible in a situation to cover the ford and protect our troops in recrossing. The enemy ad- vanced in heavy force, but upon receiving our third fire retired, and all the troops on the south side passed safely before dark. In this skirmish we had but 1 man wounded. We remained that night at Freemans Ford. On the morning of the 23d we received orders to march, and after some considerable delay we started on our return to the Springs. We arrived in the neighborhood of the Springs after sundown. A~ sharp skirmish occurred on our left, which was kept up until some time after dark. I was informed that it wa~ Milroys brigade that was engaged. On the morning of the 24th my regiment and the Seventy-third Ohio, and four pieces of De Becks battery, under the command of Colonel Smith, of the Seventy-third Ohio, was sent on a reconnaissance, and after advancing some 2 miles it was ascertained that the rebels had recrossed the river and had some batteries in position on the opposite. side. They were opened upon by our battery, but did not reply to us. Shortly afterward we were joined by the brigade, and marched to Water- loo Bridge and encamped for the night. We remained in the neighbor- hood of Waterloo Bridge all day of the 25th. Nothing of importance oceurred except that all day large bodies of rebel troops conld be seen passing north and west at a distance of some 4 or 5 miles from the river, and about sundown it was said that they had crossed above us in force. About dark we received orders to march, and proceeded in the direction of Warrenton. The night was very dark, the roads misera- ble, ai~d our progress very slow and exceedingly fatiguing to the men. We arrived at Warrenton about 2 oclock on the morning of the 26th, remaining at that place during all that day and night, and started again in the morning of the 27th for Gainesville, which we reached about dark. When within about 4 miles of that place our advance guard came up with the rear of some rebel force. Skirmishing was kept up until we stopped for the night, and several prisoners were taken. On the 28th we were marched toward Manassas. Several prisoners were taken along the road. When within a short distance of Manassas we were turned aronud and marched back toward Gainesville, and having proceeded in that direction for some distance we were again counter-marched and marched toward Manassas, and then. turned to the left toward Bull IRun. About sundown we came in sight of the rebel force, and after some skirmishing took up a position, and our batteries opened upon a rebel battery in the edge of the woods opposite. About dark a sharp engagement took place a mile or two to our left, between the rebels and our forces, under General King. Early on the morning of the 29th we were in motion and advanced on the south side of the road in all, perhaps, 2 miles, and occupied 19 R RVOL XII, PT I Page 290 290 OPERATIONS iN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. during part of the day the ground upon which the battle had been fought by General King. We found some of his wounded, who were cared for by your direction. In the afternoon the enemy appeared to be endeavoring to pass around our left and we were marched to our left and rear, and late in the evening were withdrawn to a posifion a short distance in advance of the one we had occupied in the morning. Although frequently under the fire of the enemys artillery we had no opportunity to use our small-arms, and had but 2 men wounded. After dark an attempt was made upon our lines ~y the enemy, and a l)ortion of the night was spent under arms. We remained in our posi- tion on the 30th until about 4 oclock in the afternoon, when your brigade was ordered to take up a position on a bald hill to our left, to support General Reynolds. You placed your battery in position and your brigade as follows: The Seventy-fifth on the right of the battery in line; the Twenty-fifth and Seventy-third in line on the left of the batt*ry. A short time after we had taken our position the troops on our left marched past us by the right flank and in our front and disappeared to our right. The enemy soon made their appearance in front, driving before them a regiment of Zouaves. You opened upon them as soon as they came within range with grape and canister, and the infantry soon afterward. They were driven back by our fire in considerable confusion and unquestionably heavy loss. They themi made their appearance directly in front of the Seventy-third in the edge of the woods, but were again driven back by our fire. Our men were in high spirits, feeling confident of their ability to maintain their position, when a large force of the enemy were perceived on our left and rear, with artillery, advancing rapidly. They opened upon us at the same time with grape and canister and infantry. In a short time the regi- ments on my left, under a most terrific fire, gave way. Shortly after an order was given to change front, which I attempted to execute, but the fire was so terrible and the noise of the battle so great that it was impossible to be heard or do anything without confusion. We were forced from our position, and retired to the woods in our rear in dis- order. My men behaved well, indeed gallantly, but by some miserable blundering we were left unprotected on our left, and then came the murderous assault on three sides of us, which resulted as I have stated. 1 wish to state, before closing this report, that the constant marching, both by day and night, for the last twelve days previous to the 30th, had reduced my number of effective men to 230 on the day of the bat- tle, and many of those who remained were barefooted and all of them much exhausted. I further desire to protest against what I consider the injustice done to the troops of Sigels corps by a published report Of Major-General Pope. From the 26th to the 31st of August some l)ortion of our corps was engaged every day, often fiercely. Our marches have been extraordinary and our losses great, yet we have been totally ignored in that report. I am glad also to state that the officers and men of my regiment have every confidence in the ability, bravery, and pati-iotismn of the commanding general of this corps, and fully believe that no part of the disaster at Bull Run was produced by any act, neglect, or omission of his, but, on the other hand, that if he had had the control of the army it would not have happened. I aki, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. P. RICHARDSON, Colonel Twenty-fifth Regiment 0. V. Infantry. Col. N. C. MCLEAN, Comdg. Second Brigade, First Dirision Page 291 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 291 No. 12. Report of Col. John (3. Lee, Fifty-fifth Ohio Infantry, of the battle of Bull Run. IIDQRS. FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOL. INFANTRY, Camp LAnglaise, September 3, 1862. I have, sir, in obedience to orders, to report of the Fifty-fifth iRegi- mont Ohio Volunteer Infantry since its arrival at iRappahannock Sta- tion, 21st ultimo, as follows: From the 21st to the 29th, inclusive, the regiment was constantly on duty with the brigade, but not actively engaged with the enemy at any time. On the 29th it was much of the day under fire of the enemys artillery, with serious injury to no one, but with some bruises to several. On Saturday, the 30th, about 12 in., my regiment was separated from the brigade by order of Colonel McLean, and posted as a vedette be- tween (as I supposed) the left of General Scheucks division and the right of General Reynolds, who formed the right of General McDowells line. My position was assigned me by a member of General Sigels staff, with instructions as above stated. This position was to the left of Centreville pike about 100 rods, the brigade being close to and on the right-hand side. I found a battery on the first ridge on the left and in front of me, and a regiment of infantry to the left and rear of the battery, from me distant 50 rods, with the battalion massed in column by division on ~he eastern slope of the ridge, to protect it from the fre- quent solid shot of the enemys artillery. I remained until nearly 3 oclock p. Iii. The battalion of infantry then moved to the left and rear behind the woods on the left, but without communicating with me. Al- most simultaneously I saw several battalions of infantry pass by the flank eastwardly, and to the rear of my position, along the north side of this piece of woods. Musketry was also heard on the south and west side of the woods. I at once dispatched Captain Gambee with this in- formation to Colonel McLean, who had moved the balance of the bri- gade to the ridge in my rear. I also rode rapidly to the retreating forces above mentioned, but could learn nothing more than that the enemy was in the road and advancing. The balls from the enemys musketry, yet unseen, began t6 fall upon us. By order column was rapidly deployed to the left, and the battalion advanced rapidly forward towar(l the crest of the hill, but at the same time there caine over the hill and passing numerously in our front Federal soldiers, driven by the advancing enemy. With this mass pressing against us it was im- possible to fire, and, being wholly unsupported, the battalion was faced by the rear rank and moved rapidly over Jo the ridge behind us, when we reformed on the right of the Seventy-fifth, under Colonel McLeans orders. In this position we fired upon the enemy, who had fully gained the top of the ridge we had left, and from it he fell back. The enemy appearing upon our left flank the battalion was wheeled to the left, at the same time delivering a destructive fire. An advance was made, and the enemy held at bay for some time, when he fell back, slowly at first, but soon rapidly, into the woods. Their flag fell three times. At this the battalion advanced with enthusiastic cheers. The colors were often pierced, but kept up and unfurl~l. Although the enemy had disappeared from our new front, he appeared in overwhelm- ing numbers upon our new left and, new right flanks and with re-en- forcements upon our front. Thus engaged, the fighting continued unti Page 292 292 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. Colonel McLean ordered a withdrawal from the field. With the colors we came off, leaving upon the field dead and wounded and losing as prisoners in numbers as shown in tabular statement herewith sub- niitted.* Of the first deployment into line, the falling back to the brigade, the reforming, and the change of front, all under a mnrderous fire of an overwhelming force, I must say that it reflects much credit upon both men and company officers. In justice I cannot distinguish between officers or soldiers for good behaviorall brave and true. Owing to meager transportation for the sick some were picked up by the enemy in the wake of our several marches, as ap~ears by state- ment herewith submitted. I have the honor to be, your most obedient servant, JOHN C. LEE, Colonel Fifty-fifth Ii~egirnent 0. V. Infantry, Gomdg. Capt. E. H. ALLEN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 13. 1k~port of Gol. Orland Smith, Seventy-third Ohio Infantry, of the battle& of Groveton and Bull Run. IIDQRS. SEVENTY-THIRD Onio VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, Langley, Va., September 5, 1862. COLONEL: I have the honor to report the part taken by the Seventy- third Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the engagements of Friday and Sat- urday, August 29 and 30, in the neighborhood of Bull Run. On the 29th, although not actively engaged with the enemy, the regi- ment was constantly on the field, and in several instances under seve1~e artillery ftre, resulting in the wounding of 7 persons in my command. The actual fighting service of the regiment during that day was con- fined to some slight skirmishing between Companies A and B and the enemy~s sharpshooters. Nevertheless the frequent changes of position and preparations for action, continuing till a late hour at night, were fatiguing and hai-assing, taxing not only the patience and endurance of the men, but very frequently their courage. I am happy to report a commendable obedience and promptness on the part of my men of all grades during the. entire day under all circumstances, whether of ex- posure without opportunity of replying or of labor under privations of food and drink without apparent results. On the 30th our position was as a reserve, in close column of compa- nies, on the left of the brig~de. We remained in this position till the middle of the afternoon, when, in obedience to your orders, the brigade was moved to the left, the Seventy-third being in front. I advanced to a considerable distance, in the expectation of forming a junction with the forces of General Reynolds, whom I was told we were to support. Not finding any co-operating forces at the point where I had been told they were in position, I formed forward into line as rapidly as possible, and advanced one company (A) to the front, deployed as skirmishers, to observe the movements of the enemy and report. The regiment was scarcely in line before reports came from Major Hurst, * Embodied in revised statement, p. 250 Page 293 CHAr. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 29~ on the left, that a large force of the enemy could be distinctly seen advancing on our left flank and rear. Being under the impression that we must be sustained by other forces in that direction, I could not believe it possible that a hostile force could be approaching. us from that qnarter with impunity, and was not convinced that they were foes till I made a personal observation, resulting in the conviction that they were not only foes, but that they were in numbers sufficient to crush us at the first onset. I immediately dispatched Adjt. B. F. Stone to advise you of the danger and the necessity for prompt preparation to meet the emergency. On his return he rel)orted that he had been unable to find you, but had. communicated the facts to your aide, Lieutenant Morse. In the mean time Captain Buckwalter, of Company A, had reported several regiments of the enemy to be filing up a ravine and approach- ing us through the woods directly in front. I immediately ordered the skirmishers to be recalled, and prepared to receive the approach- ing masses with a well-directed fire, which was done to my satisfaction. The first volley drove the enemy back, and was very destructive, as I have since learned from some of my men who visited the field on Sun- day, 31st. A devastating fire now opened from the lines of the enemy, who had already turned our flank. Our ranks were soon thinned by the over- whelming force to which we were opposed, and being too weak for further effectual resistance, no alternative was left but a retirement. This was accomplished with considerable loss under a severe cross-fire from front, flank, and rear. In thus falling back the regiment became somewhat scattered, but the men rallied behind a fence in the edge of the wood to which we retired, and poured a well-directed fire upon the advancing foe, retiring again when too much exposed to another point in rear, where they were covered by re-enforcements, which had come forward; too late, however, to recover the field. Finding further effort with my thinned ranks useless, after having made several raUies, com- bining with my own forces many from other commands, whom I found isolated, I drew off to join you, which I succeeded in doing just before dark, on the ground occupied by the First Brigade of our division. All officers and men under my command on that day deserved and won my highest commendation for cheerful obedience and determined resistance under the most trying circumstances. Where all did well it would be useless to attempt personal distinctions. I cannot forbear mentioning, however, the able manner in which I was sustained by Major Hurst and Adjutant Stone. The former had his horse shot under him in the early part of the action, after which he rendered efficient service on foot in rallying and steadying the men. Company A, under command of Captain Buckwalter, and Company B, under Lieutenant Hinson, are entitled to favorable mention for the skill and promptness with which they responded to the calls for skir- mishers on both days. It may not be ini~roper to mention the name of Captain Madeira, of Corn pany H, who at great personal risk brought off the national color when both color-bearers and the entire color- guard had fallen. I inclose herewith a list of killed, wounded, and missing. The num- ber, compared with the whole strength of the regiment engaged, will 8how a very large proportion. The whole nnmber taken into action was 312; number ascertained to be killed, 25; wounded and recovered, 56; wonnde~ prisoners paroled Page 294 294 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. 31; prisoners not known to be wounded, 10. Total killed w prisoners, and missing, 148. ounded~ Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ORLAND SMITH, Colonel Seventy-third Ohio Volunteer infantry. Col. N. C. MCLEAN, Gomdg. Second Brig., First Div., First A. C. No. 14. Report of Maj. Robert Reily, Seventy-fifth Ohio Infantry, of operations August 8September 2. I have the honor to submit the following report relating to the recent movements of my command, the Seventy-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry: After a tedious nights march from Sperryville, Va., leaving there on the night of the 8th August, we reached Fairfax, or Culpeper Court- House, at 11 oclock a. m. Here we rested until nearly night-fall, and resumed the line of march. Made Cedar Mountain at about 1 oclock a. m. 10th August, at which we formed in line of battle, anticipating an attack from the enemy, who had bee~u engaged most of the day pre. vious with Banks command. No engagement this day with the enemy. Went into camp at this place. On August 13 marched to camp near Robertson River, some 6 miles south. On the 18th instant we fell back to Culpeper. Encamped near the Rappahannock River on the 19th instant. On the 20th instant marched to White Sulphur Springs. Reached Warrenton Junction 21st instant. On the 22d instant took position near a ford on the Rappahannock and had a skirmish with the enemy, at which point General Bohlen was killed. Company I, of the Seventy-fifth Regiment, had 2 men mortally wounded. Artillery duel at this point. 23d. Returned to within 3 miles of White Sulphur Springs. On the 24th marched toward White Sulphur Springs, and had a severe artillery contest with the rebels at this point for the crossing. Marched from this point 5 miles toward Waterloo Bridge, on the Rappahannock. 25th. Fell back to Warrenton, and reached there at 3 oclock. 27th. Commenced march toward Centreville via Gainesville~ encamped 3 miles south of the same. 28th instant reached the plains of Manassas and encamped for the night. Spent nearly the whole of the 29th instant changing position from point to point, preparatory to engaging with the enemy. About noon, while in line of battle, we were aunoye(l by the sharpshooters of the enemy some little; also we were annoyed by shell and shot at the same tune, but we had no serious encounter with the enemy this day. Encamped near New York [Rhode Island l] battery, Captain Monroe, on the night of the 29th. Placed the regiment on picket in front of Monroes battery at 10 oclock p. m. Remained there until 6 oclock a. in. 30th instant. 30th. Remained below the crest of the hill in a state of rest up to about 3 oclock p. m. of this day, at which time the regiment, together with other regiments of the Second Brigade, was ordered forward, as I have since learned, for the purpose of supporting General Reynolds, then about to engage in action with the enemy upon our left. To do this we marched forward and took posi- tion upon a hill immediately, if I mistake not, southeast of our position. This was afterward discovered to be the wrong position, and we were then marched to another position still farther south. Between changing position and marching nearly one hour was consumed in gaining th Page 295 Cnir. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN ViRGINiA. 295 point of action. At about 4 oclock p. m. we engaged with quite a large body of the enemy to our right and front. Our brigade, aided by [De Becks] battery, Seventy-third Ohio, Col. Orland Smith, Twenty-fifth Ohio~ Colonel Richardson, on our left, and shortly after the engagement commenced the Fifty-fifth Ohio, Colonel Lee, double~quicked into posi- tion on our right. The engagement at once became animated. Our whole line entered into it with spirit, doing good and effective work, our men firing steadily, with coolness and precision, measuring with great accuracy the distance from the enemy and firing accordingly. The battery also did unmistakable execution. It was not long before we were rejoiced in seeing that tremor in the enemys ranks which is the sure precursor of a rout. Our men were becoming elated with their success and the hesitation of the enemy and of their falling back. At this period I would be unable to say that any other party was working with us. Where General Reynolds or his command were 1 am unable to say, but I do not think that any other troops were en- gaged in this part of the field with us. We were so intent upon the work that we were sent forward to do that we were not aware of the storm coming up on our left and rear, which we had every reason to believe was properly covered by troops of McDowells command; but at the climax of our success in front, as we were advancing with every confidence of victory there, we were hailed, stunned, surprised by a terrible crash of musketry, grape-shot, and shell from a large force of rebels who had marched upon us while we were pushed forward so victoriously. This stopped our progress immediately. From our present position we were compelled to fall back. This we did immediately, however reluctant our men were to leave the field. Of the men and all of the officers, one only excepted, who were engaged in action, I cannot speak in too high praise. The men entered the work with a right good will, and the officers were attentive to their commands, cool and dispassionate in giving the orders, and careful of the welfare of all their men. The number of killed, wounded, and missing, privates and non-commissioned officers, in the engagement, has already been forwarded you.* One commissioned officer, Lieutenant Eannels, Company I, I regret to say, was taken prisoner- under what circumstances I am not informed. After leaving the battle-field we marched toward Centreville, reach- ing Centreville the next morning, 31st of August. There we remained until the evening of Monday, the 1st of September. Left this place at 1 oclock p. in., and after a very tedious march made Fairfax Tuesday morning, the 2d instant. Here, for want of time to complete my report to our present position, I will close. I remain, sir, your obedient servant, ROBT. REILY, Major, Gorndg. Seventy-fifth Ohio Vol. Infantry. Col. N. C. McLEAN, Gomdg. Second Brigade, First Division. No. 15. Report of Lieut. George B. Ilaskins, Battery K, First Ohio Light Artil lery, of operations August 2230. HEADQUARTERS BATTERY K, Bujftdo Fort, Va., September 17, 1862. SIR: The following is a correct statement of the doings of this bat- tery from the Rappahannock to Bull Run: * See p 25 Page 296 296 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAr. XXIV. Was in action near Learys Ford August 22 from 9 a. m. till 1 p. in., when we were relieved by Captain Wiedrichs battery and went to the rear. Staid at Learys Ford all night, and marched from there August 23 toward . Sulphur Springs, and camped about 1 mile from the Springs, where we remained all night. Was in action near the Springs August 24, in the morning. Marched in the afternoon to- ward Waterloo Bridge, where we remained all night. Was out of ammunition the 25th until 4 p. in., when we opened upon the enemy with two guns as they were leaving their position. Marched at 7 p. m. same day toward Warrenton, where we arrived, after marching all night, the morning of the 26th of August, and remained there all day and the night following. Marched August 27 at 6 a. m. 8 miles to- ward Manassas, where we stopped all night. Marched August 28 toward Bull Run, where we engaged the enemy from about 4 p. m. until dark, and remained in our l)Osition all night. Fighting resumed next morning, August ~9, and engaged the enemy until about 11 a. in., when we ran out of ammunition, and not being able to get more were ordered to the rear, where we remained that and the following day, August 30, until about 5 p. in., then were ordered to Centreville by Captain Schirmer, and started for that place at once. Lient. H. S. Camp was mortally wounded near Leary~s Ford August 22, and died September 15 in Washington. GEO. B. HASKJNS, Lieut., Comdg. Battery K, First Ohio Volunteer Artillery. Colonel MCLEAN. No. 16. Report of Brig. Gem. Carl & hurz, U. AS. Army, commanding Third Divis ion, of the battles of Groreton and Bull Run. HEADQUARTERS THIRD DIVISION, Camp near Minors Hill, September 15, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report concern- ing the part taken by the division under my command in the battles of the 29th and 30th of August: On the evening of the 28th of August my division was encamped south of the turnpike leading from Centreville to Gainesville, near Mrs. Henrys farm. On the 29th, a little after 5 oclock a. in., you ordered me to cross the turnpike, to deploy my division north of it, and to attack the forces of the enemy supposed to be concealed in the woods immediately in my front, my division fonniug the right wing of your army corps. In obedience to your order I formed my division left in front, and after having forded Youngs Branch deployed the First Bri- gade, under Colonel Schimmelfennig, on the right, and the Second Bri- gade, under Colonel Krzyzanowski, on the left. There was a little farm- house in front of Colonel Schiininelfennigs brigade, which he was ordered to take as a point of direction, and after having passed it to bring his right wing a little forward, so as to execute a converging movement toward the Second Brigade and upon the enemys left flank. The battery of the Second Brigade, Captain Roemers, I ordered to fol- low the left wing of the brigade, and to take position on a rise of ground jmmediately on tlzu~ left 9f ~ little grove, through whieh QQlonel Krz Page 297 -CRAP. XXIV.I CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 297 .zanowski was to pass. The battery attached to Colonel Schimmelfen- hgs brigade was held in reserve. As soon as the two brigades, con- sisting of three regiments each, had formed four regiments in column by company in the first line and two in column doubled on the center in reserve behind the intervals, the skirmishers advanced rapidly a con -siderable distance without finding the enemy. Arrived upon open ground behind the little patches of timber the division had passed through, I received from you the order to connect my line of skir -mishers with General Milroys on my left. I pushed my left wing rapidly forward into the long stretch of woods before me, and found myself obliged to extend my line considerably, in order to establish the connection with General Milroy, which, however, was soon effected. Hardly had this been done when the fire commenced near the point where General Milroys right touched my left. I placed the battery of -the Second Brigade upon an elevation of ground, about 600 or 700 yards behind the point where that brigade had entered the woods, a little to the left, so as to protect the retreat of the regiments composing the left wing, in case they should be forced to fall back. The battery of the First Brigade remained for the same purpose on high ground be. hind the woods in which Colonel Schimmelfennig was engaged, cover- ing my right. When the fire of the skirmishers had been going on a little while two prisoners were brought to me, sent by Colonel Scum. melfennig, who stated that there was a very large force of the enemy (Ewells and Jacksons divisions) immediately in my front, and about the same time one of Colonel Schimmelfennigs aides informed me that heavy columns of troops were seen moving on my right flank, and that it could not be distinguished whether they were Union troops or rebels. I then withdrew the reserve regiment of the Second Brigade (the Fifty-fourth New York) from the woods, so as to have it at my .disposal in an emergency, and ordered Colonel Schimmelfennig to form one of his regiments front toward the right and to send out skir- mishers in that direction, so as to ascertain the true condition of things there. Meanwhile the fire in front had extended along the whole line and ~become very lively, my regiments pushing the enemy vigorously before them about one-half mile. The discharges of musketry increased in rapidity and volume as we advanced, and it soon became evident that the enemy was throwing heavy masses against us. About that time General Steinwehr brought the Twenty-ninth New York, under Colonel Soest, to my support, and formed it in line of battle on the edge of the roads behind a fence. I then received information that the columns which had appeared on my right, and which really seemed to have belonged to the enemy, had disappeared again in the woods withont making any demonstration, and also that General Kearnys troops were coming up in my rear. Thus reassured about the safety of my right, and expecting more serious business in the center, I sent the Fifty- fourth New York forward again, with the order to fill up the gap be- tween my two brigades occasioned by the extension of my line toward General Miiroys right. The Twenty-ninth New York remained in re- serve, Immediately afterward the enemy began to press my center so severely -that it gave way; but we soon rallied-it again, and after a sharp con- test reoccupied the ground previously taken from the enemy. It was about 10 oclock a. m. when an officer announced to me that General Kearny had arrived on the battle-field and desired to see me. General Kearny requestei me to ~borten my front and condense my line b Page 298 298 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. drawing my right nearer to the left, so as to make room for him on the right. I gave my orders to Colonel Schimmelfennig accordingly. A short time afterward I discovered that two small regiments sent to my support had slipped in between my two brigades, and were occupying part of my line in the woods. General Kearny was just moving up his troops on my right when the enemy made another furious charge upon my center. The two regiments above mentioned, as well as the Fifty- fourth New York, broke, and were thrown out of the woods in disorder, the enemy advancing rapidly and in great force to the edge of the forest. The Twenty-ninth New York poured several volleys into them, checking the pursuit of the enemy only for a moment, and then fell back in good order. The moment was critical. While endeavoring to rally my men again I sent orders to the battery of the Second Brigade, which I had placed in position in the rear of my left wing, to open fire upon the enemy, who threatened to come out of the woods. This was done with very good effect, and the enemy was brought to a stand almost instantaneously. Meanwhile I succeeded in forming the Fifty-fourth New York again, whose commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Ashby, dis- played much courage and determination, and placed it en 5chelon behind the Twenty-ninth New York, which advanced in splendid style upon the enemy in our center. My extreme right, under Colonel Schimmel- fennig, had stood firm, with the exception of the Eighth Yirginia, while the extreme left, under Colonel Krzyzanowski, had contested every inch of ground against the heavy pressure of a greatly superior force. The conduct of the Seventy-fifth Pennsylvania, which displayed the greatest firmness and preserved perfect order on that occasion, de- ploying and firing with the utmost regularity, deserve special praise. The Twenty-ninth New York and the Fifty-fourth New York had just re-entered the woods when one of your aides presented to me for perusal a letter which you had addressed to General Kearny, requesting him to attack at once with his whole force, as the rebel general Longstreet, who was expected to re-enforce the enemy during the day, had not yet arrived upon the battle-field, and we might hope to gain decisive ad- vantages before his arrival. I then ordered a general advance of my whole line, which was executed with great gallantry, the enemy yield- ing everywhere before us. In this charge the Twenty-ninth New York distinguished itself by its firmness and intrepidity. Its commander, Colonel Soest, while setting a noble example to his men, was wounded and compelled to leave the field. On my right, however, where General Kearny had taken position, all remained quiet, and it became clear to me that he had not followed your request to attack simultaneously with me. I am persuaded if General Kearny had done at that mo- ment what he did so gallantly late in the afternoonthat is to say, if he had thrown his column upon the enemy~s left flank, enveloping the latter by a change of direction to the leftwe might have succeeded in destroying the enemys left wing, and thus gained decisive results before General Longstreets arrival. As it. was, I advanced and attacked alone. The fight came to a stand on my left at an old railroad em- bamikment running through the woods in a direction almost parallel to our front. From behind this cover the enemy poured a rapid and de- structive fire into our infantry, who returned volley for volley. Colonel Schimmelfennigs brigade on my right gained l)ossession of this em- bankment and advanced eveu beyond it, but found itself obliged by a very severe artillery and infantry fire to fall back; but the embankment remained in its pOssessiOn. While this was going on the battery of the Pirst Brigade, under Cap Page 299 Onir. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 299 tam Hampton, was ordered to march along the outer edge of the woods in which Colonel Schimmelfennig was engaged and to take position there, in order to protect and facilitate the advance of my right; but the cross- fire of two of the enemys batteries was so severe that Captain Hamptons battery failed in two successive attempts to establish itself until I sent Captain Roemers battery to its support, the place of the latter being filled by a battery brought from the reserve by General Steinwelir. At this juncture you put two pieces of the mountaiii howitzer bat- tery at my disposal. I ordered Major Koenig, of the Sixty-eighth New York (temporarily attached to my staff), to bring them forward, and he succeeded in placing them into the line of skirmishers of Colonel Krzyzanowskis brigade in so advantageous a position that a few dis- charges sufficed to cause a backward movement of the enemy in front of my left. Now the whole line advanced with great alacrity, and we succeeded in driving the enemy away from his strong position behind the embankment, which then fell into our hands on my left also. While this was going on I heard from time to time very heavy firing on my left, where General Milroy stood. The sound of the musketry was swaying forward and backward, indicating that the fight was carried on with alternate success. The connection of my left with General Milroys right was lost, and I found my left uncovered. How- ever, we succeeded in holding the position of the railroad embankment along my whole front against the repeated attacks of the enemy until about 2 oclock p. in., when my troops, who had started at 5 oclock in the morning, mostly without breakfast, had been under fire for eight hours, had been decimated by enormous losses, and had exhausted nearly all their ammunition, were relieved by a number of regiments kindly sent by General Hooker for that purpose. These re-enforcements arrived in my front between 1 and 2 oclock. According to your order, I withdrew my regiments, one after another, as their places were filled by those of General Hooker. Thus the possession of that portion of the woods which my division had taken and held was in good order delivered to the troops that relieved me. I rallied my two brigades behind the hill on which the battery of the Second Brigade had been in position. Here the men took a new supply of ammunition, and for the first time on that day they received something to eat. From there you ordered me to take position in the woods on the right of the open ground, where we encamped for the night. The two mountain howitzers, which had done such excellent service in the contest in the woods, I had left in position to co-operate with the troops who relieved me, and I am sorry to report that one of them was lost when these troops were temporarily driven back from the -round the possession of which we had delivered to them. g Exhausted and worn down as my men were my division was unable to take part in the action after 2 oclock p. in., nor was I called upon to do so. Heavy re-enforcements were constantly arriving and led to the front. IT all these forces, instead of being frittered away in isolated efforts, had co-operated with each other at any one moment after a com- mon plan, the result of the day would have been far greater than the mere retaking and occupation of the ground we had already taken and occupied in the morning, and which in the afternoon was, for a short time at least, lost again. My men, with very few exceptions, behaved well. The line my weak regiments had to take and to hold was so extensive that double the number of troops would under ordinary circumstances be hardly considered sufficient to perform the task. That they did perform i Page 300 4300 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. during mans hours without flinching until the arrival of ample re-eu- forceinents made their relief possible speaks well for their courage and intrepidity. Of those who especially distinguished themselves I have to mention the two colonels commanding brigades. Colonel Schimmelfennig com- manded my right wing with that cool and daring courage and that admirable judgment which lie had displayed already on former occa- sions, and which eminently fit him for commands of great responsi- bility; while the gallaiitry with which Colonel Krzyzanowski, on the left ~ving, withstood and repelled the frequent and fierce assaults of the enemy commands the highest praise. Of Colonel Soesfs conspic- uous bravery I have already spoken above. The members of my staff, Major Hoffman and Captain Spraul, as well as Majoi Koenig, of the Sixty-eighth New Yotk, temporarily attached to me, performed their dangerous and delicate duties with the greatest fearlessness and pre- cision; nor can I speak too highly of the valuable aid and assistance rendered to me during a part of the action by yonr able and excellent aide-de-camp, Captain Asmussen. There are many officers and sol- ~iers whose conduct deserves special notice, but to whom I cannot undertake to do justice in this report. In regard to those I would respectfully refer you to the reports of the brigade and regimental commanders. On the morning of the 30th of August you did me the honor to attach to my division Colonel Koltes brigade, consisting of the Sixty- eighth New York, the Twenty.ninth New York, and the Seventy-third Pennsylvania, together with Captain Dilgei~s battery. Captain Hamp- tons battery was placed in reserve. At 8 oclock a. m. you ordered me to take position behind the woods I had occupied for the night, and while I was deploying the division I received further orders to march 600 or 700 yards -to the rear and left and to place myself behind General Schencks division, on the open ground, not far from IDogans farm-house, front towards Groveton. There the division remained, quietly resting on their arms, until 3 oclock p. m. For several hours we observed distinctly thick clouds of dust at a distance in our front, indicating a movement of heavy forces of the enemy toward our left. Our position was to be that of a general reserve. Before us we had General Fitz John Porter on our right center and right in the woods, and General Reynolds on the heights in our front and left. If our corps was really intended to be a general reserve its position was too far advanced, for it found itself from the beginning within range of the enemys artillery, and it was evident that if the corps in front met with any repulse we would be entangled in the fight, one brigade after another, thus losing our liberty of action and the possibility of throw- ing our whole power U~Oll the decisive poiiit. About 3 oclock p. m. the fire commenced in the woods occupied by ~-eneral Porter, and also on our left, where General Reynolds stood. General Scheucks division was drawn forward toward Dogans farm, and I received your order to be ready at a moments notice. The artillery and infantry fire in our center and left had meanwhile become quite lively. It was about 4 oclock when you ordered me to advance toward Dogans and to take position immediately behind General Stahels brigade. I did so. The regiments formed in column by di- vision, right in front; Colonel Shiinmelfennigs brigade on the right, Koltes on the left, and Krzyzanowskis behind the interval, a little to the left. Captain Dilgers battery followed the right, and took positio Page 301 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINiA. 301 on the crest of the hill, not far from iDogans. The artillery fire of th& enemy had now become quite severe, and our troops, densely massed upon the open ground behind Dogans farm-house, were greatly an- noyed by the shot and shell dropping among them, but remained en- tirely firm. A little after 4 oclock we saw General Porters troops, who had been engaged in our front, leave their position and retire in the direction of the place we occupied. You ordered Colonel McLean to occupy the bald-headed hill in our left front, and General Stahels forward to re- ceive and support the retreating troops, who then passed through the intervals of my division and partly formed again behind me. About the same time General Reynolds troops, who had occupied the heights~ in our front and left, fell back, and the enemy, after having obliged them to retire, planted a battery upon the high ground abandoned by them, directly opposite us, and opened a most disagreeable fire upon my three brigades. I ordered Captain IDilger to move his battery a lit- tle to the left and to open upon the enemys battery above mentioned~ which was done. When Stahels brigade had become engaged you ordered me to send Colonel Koltes forward to the support of its left, and a few minutes afterward, seeing Koltes hotly received and severely pressed, I ordered Colonel Krzyzanowski to ascend with his brigade the wooded hill- slopes on my left, in order to prevent Koltes from being turned on that side. This order was executed with great promptness and spirit. But the heights on my left were soon abandoned by General Rey- nolds troops, and my two brigades (Koltes and Krzyzanowski~s) found themselves severely pressed in front by overwhelming forces, exposed to a most destructive artillery fire, and turned by the enemy in their left and rear. The contest was sharp in the extreme. The gallant Koltes died a noble death at the head of his brave regiments. Colonel Krzyzanowski, while showing his men how to face the enemy, liad hi~ horse shot under him, and the ground was soon covered with our dead and wounded. When it had become evident that we on thai; spot were fighting alone and unsupported against immensely supe- rior numbers, you ordered me to withdraw my division, and to take a position facing toward the left and front, on the next range of hills behind the stone house, which was the natural second position on this~ battle-field. I gave the necessary orders at once. The regiments of Koltes and Krzyzanowskis brigades came out of the fire in a very shattered con- dition. Their losses had been enormous. I had left Colonel Schim- melfennigs brigade with Captain IDilgers battery on my right in re- serve. They were exposed to a very heavy artillery fire, especially when the enemy had succeeded in establishing a battery of two l)ieces directly on our left, enfilading our whole front; but the men stood like trees until the order to retire reached them. They then fell back slowly and in good order. Captain Dilgers battery remained in posi- tion to check the pursuit of the enemy, whose infantry rushed upon him with great rapidity. He received them in two different positions, at short range, with a shower of grape-shot, obliged them twice to fall back, and then followed our column unmolested. His conduct cannot be praised too highly. When ascending the hill you had indicated to me as a rallying point we found that the troops who after the first repulse had rallied immediately behind us had disappeared; that the whole left wing of our army had given way, and that the enemy wa~ rolling heavy masses of infantry after the retreating columns towar Page 302 302 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. our second position. The enemys artillery was commanding almost the whole battle-field. Behind the ridge where I was to form again, and which was the natural position of the general reserve, I expected to find an intact reserve of several brigades ready to pounce npon the enemy as he was attempting to ascend the slopes of the range of hills we were then occupying, bat nothing of the kind seemed to be there. I fonud Major-General McDowell with his staff, and around him troops of several difi~rent corps and of all arms, in frill retreat. I succeeded in inducing the cal)tain of a battery, the name of which I do not know, to place his pieces upon the crest of the hill, and to resume the contest with the enemys batteries immediately opposite us. My attempts to form compact bodies out of straggling soldiers met with very small success. It was nearly 6 oclock when you ordered me to send a brigade to the support of General Milroy, who was on our left, below the farm- house used as a hospital, which two days before had been your head- quarters. I brought foi~ward Colonel Schinunelfennigs brigade, which advanced in excellent order, but did not find General Milroy, whose command had gone farther to the left and rear. Colonel Schimmel- fennig, however, went forward, and finding Generals Sykes and iReno near the place which had been indicated to him, formed on the right of General Sykes, ready to take part in the action whenever it should become advisable. rii2he brigades of Colonels Krzyzanowski and Koltes had suffered so severely that I deemed it best to scud them to the rear in reserve. Only the Fifty-fourth New York I kept with me in order to cover Dilgers battery, which was placed on the ridge immediately commanding the Warrenton road and protecting the bridge across Youngs Branch. We had been under a continual shower of shot and shell until it grew dark, when the infantry fire on our left, as well as the artillery fire of the enemy, suddenly ceased, only now and then a projectile dropping among us. The fight on our left had evidently come to a stand. It is probable that the forces of the enemy, wheim arriving at the foot of the heights we were occupying, were so exhausted that a vigorous offensive on our part would have had an excellent chance of success. You remember, general, that this matter was earnestly dis- cussed among us on the battle-field. But General Popes order to re- treat, and the fact that the main body of our army was already on its way to Centreville, put an end to this question. About 8 oclock you ordered me to withdraw Colonel Schimnmelfemi- nigs brigade and to march with my whole command across Youngs Branch, two pieces of Captain Dilgers battery and one of my regiments forming the rear guard of the corps. For this office the Sixty-first Ohio was selecteda regiment which throughout the whole campaigmi had exhibited the most commendable spirit. According to your order I l)assed the bridge across Youngs Branch about 9 oclock, and took l)osition with your whole corps on the hilly ground between Youngs Branch and Bull IRun. Colonel Schimumelfennig furnished from his cdm- mnand the necessary guards and outposts along Youngs Branch and in the direction of the Bull Run Ford. There we remained over two hours, and after all other troops had passed Bull IRun, and the road was cleat- of wagons for several miles, you ordered your corps to resume its march toward Cemitreville. We crossed the Stone Bridge between 11 and 1~ oclock. You ordered me to take position on the left of the road, front toward the creek, while General Stahel did th& same on the right, throw- ing out our outposts on the other side of the creek and placing Captain IDilgers two pieces so as to command the bridge. Some time afterwar Page 303 CHAP. XXIV.] 303 CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. one of General McDowells officers informed you that we were threat- ened by the enemy on our left. About 1 oclock a. in. you ordered your corps to resume its march. My First Brigade, under Colonel Schimnielfennig, was to form the rear guard and was instructed to destroy the bridge. Colonel Kane, of the Pennsylvania Bucktiiil Rifles, reported himself to you with a battalion of his men and several pieces of artillery which he had picked up on the road. The bridge was destroyed some time after 1 oclock and we marched toward Centreville, taking with us Colonel Kanes promiscu- ous pieces of artillery behind the first regiment of Colonel Schimmel- fennigs brigade. I rejoined you about 3 oclock a. m. 2 miles from Cen- treville, where we bivouacked until 5. About 7 we arrived at Centre- ville, and in the course of the day a position was assigned to my division in the intrencliments. My loss in the battles of the 29th and 30th, as will appear from the regimental reports, was extremely heavy, exceeding 20 per cent. of my whole effective force. Aside from the brave and noble Colonel Koltes, I have to deplore the death of a great many able and gallant officers. The number of missing was very sin all in proportion to the killed and wounded. Comparatively few of them have since rejoined their regi- ments, and the information I have received leads me to believe that a majority either remain dead on the battle-field or fell wounded into the hands of the enemy. The commanders of my brigades and the officers of my staff behaved on all occasions, under the most trying circumstances, with their accus- tomed gallantry. As to the regimental officers and privates who dis- tinguished themselves, as well as for an exact list of the killed and wounded, I beg leaveto refer you to the documents accompanying this report. I am, general, most truly, yonrs, C. SCIIURZ, Brigadiem-- Cen era 1, Co )fl in andiny Third Dir ision. Major-~eneral SIGEL, Commanding First Army Corps. No. 17. Report of Capt. Michael Wiedrich, Battery I, First New York Light Artillery, of operations August 2230. FORT DE KALB, September 13, 1862. MAJOR: In accordance to general orders of this date I transmit you the following report: On arriving, on the 22d of August, near Freemans Ford, I was or- (lered by General Schurz to advance with my battery. After advancin~ about a quarter of a mile Captain Schirmer, chief of artillery, ordered me to relieve Captain Dc Becks battery, which had been in action for some time. On nearing the place I was met by Major-General Sigel, who ordered me to place two 10-pounder Parrott guns in a new position on a hill in some woods near the river. After posting those l)ieces Major-General Sigel ordered me to take my other two Parrott guns to the right of Captain Dc Becks battery, which I did, and left my two howitzers in reserve. The fire of the enemy was very hot where the two sections of my battery were posted. Here we had 5 killed an Page 304 304 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. wounded, as follows: Killed, Private Florian Knoch; wounded, Sergt. Jacob Bock, in the breast and foot; Sergt. Christian Stock, in the arm; Corpi. John Blan, in the breast; and Private George ilimmel, in the face. We also had 2 horses killed and 10 others rendered unfit for further service, which had to be shot. There was also at the same time one of our limber boxes set on fire and exploded, but did no other damage. August 24 we were engaged at near White Sulphur Springs, also~ at Waterloo Bridge. At the latter place Private George Lother was~ wounded. We were also engaged at the latter place August 25, but sustained no loss. We were also engaged in the battles at Bull Run August 29 and 30. Went in action on the 29th at about 10 oclock a. in., when we were ordered forward by Captain Schirmer, chief of artillery. After advancing a short distance we were met by Major- General Sigel, who ordered me to take a position on the right of the road, to support the infantry in case they should be driven back. After remaining in this position about half an hour Major-General Sigel came to me and ordered me ahead with the four Parrott guns to support Captain Dilgers battery, which order was executed as promptly as possible by taking a position on which the enemy had the range with one of his batteries, but in about fifteen minutes after we opened fire on it it was silenced. We kept our position until about 3 oclock in the afternoon, when our ammunition gave out and we were obliged to retire to get a new supply. After getting the ammunition we started again to take our former position, but finding that Captain IDieckmann was there with his battery I returned to where I had left my two howitzers. in the forenoon. Soon after coming into action there Lieutenant Schen- kelberger had his leg shattered by a shell; also Private William Mol- ler, the arm; both of which had to be amputated. After using up the remainder of our ammunition I retired with my battery to near Major-General Sigels headquarters, where I remained during the night. On this day we had one piece dismounted and on another the axle shot through, but I am happy to say that we brought all of the pieces out of the reach of the enemy. August 30, after receiving a new supply of ammunition, I was ordered~ with mine and Captain Buells battery, to report to General Scheuck, who ordered me to report with four Parrott guns to Colonel McLean, and keep my howitzers and Captain Buells 6-pounder brass guns in reserve. We remained in a position in front of his brigade on a low hill with the 10-pounder Parrotts until about 4 oclock p. in., when at this time Colonel McLean sent me an order to follow his brigade to take a position on a hill to the left of the road. After coming into action in a l)osition selected by General Scheuck, Major-General Mc- IDowell called me to him and wanted to know what I was going to do, and forbade me to open fire for fear of injuring our own men, of which there was one battery about. 500 yards in front to our right and some infantry a short distance in advance of that battery to our left. One of the enemy~s batteries was directly in our front, behind some woods. When, a few minutes afterward, the aforesaid infantry was repulsed by the enemy, Major-General McDowell took his infantry and artillery from our left and moved in front of my battery toward the right flank, leaving our left, as it looked to me, uncovered. When, soon after he was gone, the enemys infantry advanced out of some woods directly in front, where Major-General McDowell stood, and attacked my bat- tery, Colonel McLean came to our support with his brigade. The fire on both sides was very sharp, and the overwhelming numbers of th Page 305 CaAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTIIEItN YIJi~GtNIA. 365 enemy forced us, after a hard contest, to fall back on another hill in our rear, where we came in position again and remained till nearly dark, and after exhausting our ammunition we fell back toward Centreville, where we arrived next morning. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. WIEDRICH, Captain, Comdg. Battery I, First Regiment N. Y. Artillery. Major MEYSENBFJRG~ Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 18. Report of Capt. Hubert Dilger, Battery I, First Ohio Light Artillery, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. CAMP NEAR MINORS HILL, September 16, 1862. GENERAL: Respecting the part my battery took in the late conflicts of the 29th and 30th of August, 1862, I have the honor to report the following: On Friday, the 29th of August, the battery was ordered, under the protection of Colonel Koltes brigade, to the support of General Schencks division, upon the left flank of the First Corps. I advanced to the left of the road and took position upon the outermost elevation in our front, just opposite a large battery of the enemy, which, mount- ing about ten gnus, was posted upon the bill inclosing the. valley. After two hours incessant firing the enemys gnus were silenced for a whilein consequence, no doubt, of the successive explosion of two of their caissons. During this pause, which was improved to prepare the battery for the continuance of the contest for the important position, opportunity was also afforded me to support the infantry on our right, that had been compelled to fall back across the railroad track, with two pieces of artillery posted on the right of my battery. The enemys battery, however, was not long in making its appearance again. I engaged it until Wiedrichs battery and two l)ieces of Dieckmanns bat tery were sent by my request, through order of General Sigel, to my assistance, and after I had exhausted all my ammunition, of which there was not an over-supply, to my relief. By this time the fire of the enemy slackened its concentration upon this I)osition. The loss I sustained during this engagement, which lasted four hours, was 22 horses, and 4 men slightly wounded. The damage to the guns was slight so that they could be repaired in the evening. On the morning of Saturday, the 30th of August, the battery was assigned to Colonel Krzyzanowskis brigade. While the division was advancing I took Position on the left of the battery that was posted on the summit of the hill fronting the enemys battery which I engaged yesterday. Being apprised by you, general, ot the danger that was threatening our center, I took the only two guns that had not been brought into position, on account of the want of room, with me, and engaged with them the battery that was in the act of flanking us from the corner of the woods. Having remained stationary for about half an hour, I perceived one of our infantry regiments, being in full range of the ehemys guns, falling back upon the battery. 1 tried to bring 20 R R.-YOL XII~ PT I Page 306 306 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (~IIAP. XXIV. this regiment to a stand and to make it advance again, but the burst- ing of the enemys shells in the midst of them, having a demoralizing effect, rendered my efforts unavailing. Ten minutes afterward two columns of the enemy~s infantry appeared in our front, which, iiotwith- standing the stea~Jy firing upon them by our artillery, advanced with sharpshooters in their front toward the battery, compelling me to leave this position. Falling back about 100 yards, I again bronght my pieces to bear upon them until they withdrew. During mywithdrawal, which was executed in a gallop, the enemy poured two volleys into me, but totally without effect. As soon as the enemys infantry had retired beyond the reach of my shells I again engaged the battery until one of my guns became dis- mounted by the demolition of an axle. As by this time all the bat- teries that were near me had withdrawn I thought it my duty to do the same. At sunset, having secured the dismounted piece below the cais- son in the manner prescribed, I arrived upon the hill in the rear from whence General Sigel directed the retreat, which I was ordered to as. sist in covering with two pieces of my battery. From this moment noth- ing more transpired that is worth alluding to. -All this day the principal movements and maneuvers of the bat- tery (I) had been directed independent of other commands. In spite of the severe cross-fire of cannon and musketry it was subjected to on this day we sustained no loss at all, either in men or horses, with the exception of the dismounting of one of my guns. Officers, non-coin- missioned officers, and cannoneers fought with the utmost bravery and to muy entire satisfaction. I have the honor to be, general, your most obedient servant, II. IJILGEIR, Captain, Comdg. Battery I, First Ohio Volunteer Artillery. Brig Gen. CARL SCHURZ, Commanding Third Division, First Corps dArmee. No. 19. Report of Col. Gust. A. Muhleek, Seventy-third Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding First Brigade, Second Division,* of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. In the night froni Friday to Saturday [2930j the above brigade bivouacked in the corner of a woods in the rear and south of those woods where General Carl Schurz division on the day before (Friday) had had a terrible encounter with the enemy, who were attacked and thrown by him and driven at the point of the bayonet clear throngh the woods over the railroad embankment. Ye formed on that moriming the extreme left wing of the Second Division, to which this brigade had been attached provisionally in the course of the preceding day, while the whole division was drawmi up as a reserve to those troops of ours which held the battle-field overnight. At (1 oclock a. in. on Saturday the brigade formed in cohunus of division on the center en masse, and soon afterwards reed ved orders to march down to the left into the open, plain field, and to reform in col- umns of companies left in front. Here the brigade stood in the fol- Temporarily attached to Third Division August 30 Page 307 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 307 lowing order: The Sixty-eighth New York, under Lieutenant-Colonel Kleefisch, on the right; the Seventy-third Pennsylvania, Lieutenant- Colonel Muhieck, on the left; the Twenty-ninth New York in the center, Major llartman commanding. The firing up to 2 oclock p. m. had been of little account, but soon afterward l)ecalne heavier by degrees. The enemy had crowned the plateau (a little over a mile in front of our division) with numerous batteries, and now opened a fire which soon became truly terrific. General Morells division, which was massed in front and nearest the rebel batteries, were soon forced to withdraw from the open plain and to seek shelter in the rear of the woods to their right. The enemys firing was splendid; their raiige perfect. As soon as our first line had withdraxvn the rebels opened on the heavy bodies of infantry massed about 400 yards more to the rear, an(l of which General Schurz division constituted a part. It was theu about 3 oclock p. m. Our batteries were unable to silence the enemys raking concentrating fire. Our loss here was heavy through shot and shell. In the mean while the firing on our left (woody hills) bad become extremely heavy. McDowells troops, which had been ordered up to the extreme left of our line of battle, after a very short contest , lasting not over half an hour, were retiring from their position, abandoning the woods to the enemy, who at once poure(l heavy masses of infantry into them, seconded by artillery. A part of Major-General SigePs army corps (General Stahels) had already been ordered np to the left to re-en- force McDowell, but found themselves on reaching the top of time hill in front of an overpowering enemy, whom they bravely engaged. At this moment Major-General Sigel, Brigadier-General Sclmurz, command- ing division, with staff came up at full speed in front of the First Bri- gade, and ordered its three regiments up at once to the assistance of General Stahel. I marched my regiment by the left flank, followed by the Twemmty-ninth New York in the center and Sixty-eighth New York on the right. We reached the top of the hill under a terrific shower of shell, solid shot, chain, & c. I deployed at once. The enemy was right in front, advancing slowly but steadily in deep, dense masses. A gall- ing fire commenced from both sides. To our left, where we found the De KaIb regiment isolated from their brigade, a battery of sonic other corps darm6e had been abandoned. The last-named regiment, which General Stahel had wished Colonel Koltes to take under his temporary command (it being too far off from his main body), en(lea\-ored to save the cannons, but in vain. The enemy by this time had brought up and posted near the border of the woods (south-southwest of our brigade) two sections of artillery, whiclm, from a distance of scarcely 200 yards, covered my own regiment as well as the others with a perfect shower of projectiles. It was at that supreme moment that the brave Colonel Koltes rode up to Nie front of his brigade, and swinging his sword high in the air, while ordering his command to take that rebel battery, that a fragment of a shell killed both horse and rider. A rush was made toward the rebel cannons. Some of my men with Second Lieutenant Kennedy, Company F, reached the .pieces, but were unsupported, sur- rounded, and the lieutenant made a prisoner. He escaped a few mo- ments afterward, a man of Company D, Seventy-third Peunsylvammia Volunteers, killing the rebel who had made him a prisoner. The terrain was most unfavorable for deploying, being surrounded right and left by woods, with a deep ravine in the rear, amid forming a kind of clear- ing not more than two acres in length. The combat here raged fierce and terrible for about half an hour Page 308 308 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [~Th~r. XXtV. when our small regiments, exhausted and decimated and unsupported, had in their turn to fall back, though not before Colonel Koltes, who saw the enemy outflank us on the right, had given the order to fall back a little on our right and make a stand again. By this time im- mense forces of the enemy poured through the woods in splendid order and fighting desperately. The colors of my regiment had become rags. I had lost five of the color-bearers and nearly one-half of the eight com- panies I brought into action. TWO companies had been detailed by General to stop the stragglers of the corps which did retreat from the plain beneath. My acting major, Capt. A. Bruckner, had fallen too. My adjutant was a prisoner. My own horse had been shot under me by four balls. We then slowly left the field, still fighting, and taking along the dead body of Colonel Koltes, whom my men carried that night on muskets to Centreville, which latter place the regiment reached rather in broken fragments, and where they rallied again on the next morning. The loss of the Seventy-third was very heavy. Officers killed and ~wounded, 8; nowcommissioned officers and privates killed, wounded, and missing, 138. The losses in the several regiments will be found de- tailed in the accompanying separate reports. Many acts of daring and heroism have been done. I will take pleasure in bringing the names of those to your knowledge in a separate report to be made out at once. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. A. MUIILECK, Lie~t. Col., 73d Pa. Vols., Comdg. 1st Brig., 3d Div., 1st A. C. No. 20. Report of IAeut. Cot. Stephen J. MeUroarty, Sixty-first Ohio L~fantry, First Brigade, Third Division, of operations August 2431. HEADQUARTERS SIXTY-FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEERS, Camp Carl Schurz, Minors Hill, September 13, 1862. GENERAL: The following report would have been submitted to you some time since, in obedience to orders, but for the want of writing materials, which at the time it was impossible to procure: On the 24th or 25th of August I assumed command of the Sixty-first Regiment on the enemys side of the Bappahannock, during the skir- mish at Freemans Ford. Colonel Schleich, who accompanied us across the river, was, shortly after the opening of the fight, not to be found, and the regiment, being without a head, was led on by Captain Koenig, of General Schurz staff, and myself. The Sixty-first covered the retreat across the river, and being assigned a new position in anticipation of a battle, remained under arms during the night. The report of the killed and wounded has already been handed in. Oii the following morning we left for White Sulphur Springs, at which place we were ordered to suppott a battery (name forgotten), and we remained about three hours under a heavy fire of the enemys gnus. We there lost 2 wounded and 1 killed, besides some missing. At this place and during the fire I noticed the unaccountable absence of Lieutenant Rankin and Lieutenant Junkins, and Colonel Schleich was also absent from his post; also Lieuten~ants Hay and Giveus. Major Bown during that day displayed remarkable coolness and energy in bringing up the rear of the regiment. We then proceeded on towar Page 309 Cuii. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 309 Waterloo Bridge. We were ordered out to assist Milroys brigade in burning the bridge. At about 4 p. m. of that day attacked the enemy on the opposite side of the river, to prevent the restoration of the bridge. The enemys fire, which was very severe, both of artillery and inns- ketry, was sustained by our men with great coolness, who delivered in turn their own fire with marked effect. At about 11 p. in. we were directed to cover the rear of the column. We then proceeded to War- renton, thence to Gainesville, whence we marched to Manassas Plains, a little beyond which we bivouacked in line of battle. The men had no provisions, but I had hauled some fresh beef in the ambulances, which was cooked and eaten on Thursday evening at about 11 p. m. On arriving at the ambulances, Lieutenant Riff, who was in command of a squad sent for that purpose, was told by Colonel Schleich that he should not take a God dd bite of it unless the regiment marched back to get it. On the next morning when we advanced the Sixty-first was posted in a wood on the right in reserve. A few moments afterward our skir- mishers became engaged; then one and two companies, then five, then the whole regiment advanced, the Seventy-fourth being on our right. We advanced about l~ miles, pushing the enemy before us and driving them over the railroad, over which we followed them through a ravine and up to a corn field, where we in turn were driven back, but rallied at the railroad, which we held until relieved at 2.30 p. m. The severe firing here was very effective. At that time we understood that we were surrounded, and being ordered to make a bayonet charge, relieved ourselves from our position. We were then relieved. About one hour and a half afterward our men were repulsed, and fell back through the woods. We were again.called up to form in line of battle and advance. We thereupon moved into the woods, and remained all night. On Saturday at daybreak we moved more toward our left, and re- mained stationary until the firing of the afternoon began, about 4 oclock, when we were again moved toward the center in reserve, which posi- tion we held till near the close of the battle. We were then ordered to support Milroys brigade. We were then placed behind Renos divis- ion, when General Schurz ordered us quietly to retire toward Centre- ville. On the way down we were retained an hour or more by two of Captain Dilgers piec~s, which had been dismounted. Remaining near the battle-field till 11 p. m. we moved on, halting again for two hours, and thus proceeded to Centrevilie. There we were again formed in line of battle. Then we moved on the following evening to Fairfax, and thence to a position near the fortifications of Washington. ~ Throngh all these trials the regiment behaved with the greatest gal- lantry, being stimulated thereto by the bearing of Colonel Schimmel- fennig and General Schurz, in whom the men learned to repose perfect confidence. I cannot forbear mentioning Major Bown as having been highly effective, and all the company officers who were present. Edward H. Newcomb, quartermaster-sergeant, distinguished himself by his gallant conduct, insomuch as to attract the attention of the general command- ing the division on the battle-field. The following officers were to me unaccountably absent since the skirmish at Freemans Ford: Col. N. Schleich, Lients. George Leininger, James H. Bird, Rankin, Junkins, Edwin Hay, McDougal, Givens; also Sergeant-Major Grodzicki. I hope, general, that you will find it con- venient to inquire into the reason of the absence and general cotiduct of the last-named officers Page 310 310 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [OnAP. XXIV. Permit me to say also, in conclusion, that of the colonel command- ing the brigade and of our galLmt (livisiOn general we are, one and all, justly and highly proud; and for their attention and personal example through all the scenes of those eveiitful (lays, from first to last, pro- foundly grateful. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedieiit servant, S. J. McGI~()ARTY, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Sixty-first Ohio. Acting General SCHIMMELFENNIG, Commanding First Brigade, Third Division. No. 21. Report of Maj. Franz Blessing, Seventy-fourth Pennsylvania Infantry, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. HDQRS. SEVENTY-FOURTH IIEGT. PA. VOL. INFANTRY. The regiment reached the heights of Manassas Plains on the 28th of August toward evening. I was ordered to reconnoiter the grounds in a direction east, but found no enemy. The skirmishers advanced through thin woods on to Youngs Branch, where they halted as pickets for the night, the regiment 500 paces in their rear. At 5 oclock a. m. August 29 we left this place, meeting our brigade, commanded by Col. A. Schimmelfennig, at 6 oclock. After a rest of about fifteen minutes the regiment was ordered to take its position on the extreme right of the army corps then advancing. Under cover of skirmishers in the front and right flank we advanced in quick-time over an open field un- til we arrived at the center of the woods, where in an opening we halted. The skirmishers met the skirmislmitig line of the enemy, opened fire, and drove them from the woods. Forced by the heavy artillery fire of the enemy we changed several times our positions. From the right ilank came the report that a strong column was advancing, mit it was impossible to recognize whether friend or foe. lt was afterward ascer- tamed to be General Kearnys corps for our reLh~f. The regiment was then ordered to the left, where it took its position iii the general battle line, after advancing about 400 yards under the heavy fire of the enemy, driving the latter back and out of his positions; but by the withdraw- ing of a regiment stationed on the left of the Seventy-fourth the enemy took advalfl9age, and, outfianking us, we were forced back about 100 yards. Forming again in column for attack the regiment advanced in quick-time toward the enemy, who gave way until he arrived at the other side of the railroad dam. Here again flanked by the enemy, and under a galling fire of grape-shot and canister the leave its position, which it did by making a regiment had to flank movement to the left, forcing the enemy to withdraw from the woods. We advanced over our former position, capturing an ambulance with two wounded officers, to the seam of the woods. At this point a heavy shower of grape-shot and canister pouring into us, we withdrew to the railroad damn. After resting here for about thirty minutes we were ordered by General Schurz to support a battery on the extreme right, keeping in that posi- tion till the battery left. We then again joined our brigade. Wearied and exhansted, we camped for the night on the ~iamne ground the enemy held the night previous Page 311 CHAP. XX1V.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 311 On the morning of the 30th the regiment formed in column, takiiig its position on the right of the center. It was exposed all day to a tremendous shower of bomb.shell, canister, & c., but did not fall back until the order for general retreat was given. The regiment theii with- drew to the left, where it took a good position, and remained until the whole army had passed. It was dark before we received the direct order from General Sigel to follow the army. We then marched to the Bull Run, and were ordered to remain there until all the wagons and ambulances had passed over the bridge. After this was done Capt. A. Mitzel, with two companies of the regiment, was ordered to destroy the bridge, which order was fulfilled with many difficulties. The regiment again joined the army at Centreville. During these several engagements all the officers and men behaved themselves bravely and splendidly, executing all orders promptly. F. BLESSING, Maj., Gomdg. Seventy-fourth Regt. Pennsylvania Vol. D~fantry. No. 22. Report ~f Gol. Wlademier Krzyzanowski, Fifty-eighth New York Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. IIDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, THIRD DIVISION, Near Arlington Heights, September 3, 1862. At about 5.30 oclock a. m. on the 29th of August I received orders from General Schurz to advance with my brigade. It was done in the following order: Two regiments in company column, left in front, and one regiment, the Fifty-fourth New York Volunteers, as reserve. On the right of me was Colonel Schimmelfennig with his brigade and on the left General Milroys brigade. A line of skirmishers having been established, we advanced toward the woods through which the Manas- sas Gap Railroad runs. As soon as we entered the woods I dispatched my adjutant to ascertain whether the line of skirmishers was kept up on both wings, and finding such was not the case, and tbat I had ad- vanced a little faster than General Milvoys and Colonel Schiminelfen- nigs column, I halted my skirmishers to wait until the line was re-es- tablished. However, being informed that General Milroy was advanc- ing, I sent the Fifty-fourth Regiment to take position on my right wing and to try and find the lines of Colonel Schimmelfennigs skirmishers, and then I advanced, together with the former. Scarcelyhad the skirmishers passed over 200 yards when they became engaged with the enemy. For some time the firing was kept up, but our skirmishers had to yield at last to the enemys advancing columii. At this time I ordered my regiments up, and a general engagement ensued. However, I soon noticed that the Fifty-fourth and Fifty- eighth Regiments had to fall back, owing to the furious fire of the enemy, who had evidently thrown his forces exclusively upon those two regiments. The Seventy-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, which up to this time had not taken part in this engagement, was (at the time the Fifty.eighth and Fifty-fourth retired) now nobly led on by Lieutenant-Colonel Mahler upon the right flank of the enemy, and kept him busy until I had brought the Fifty-eighth at a double-quick up to its previous position, when those two regiments successfully drove the enemy before them, thereby gaining the position of the Manassas Ga Page 312 312 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. Railroad. The Fifty-fourth had meanwhile beeii ordered by General Schnrz to take position with the Twenty-ninth Regiment New York State Volunteers jil the interval of my brigade and that of Colonel Schimuielfennig. At this time I observed on my right the brigade of General Roberts, to whom I explained my position, after which we advanced to~et1iei a short distance, but he soon withdrew his forces, ascertaining that lie got his brigade in between the column of our division. We had occupied the above-named position only a short time when the enemy again tried to force us back, but the noble conduct of my trooJ)s did miot a1lo~v him to carry out his design, and he did not gain one inch of ground. We were thus enabled to secure our wounded ali(l some of our dead, and also some of the enemys wounded, belonging to the Tenth South Carolina Regiment. We held this position until 2 p. in., wheii we were relieved by a brigade of General Kearnys division, and retired about one-fourth of a mile toward our rear, where we also en camped for the night. 0 Most nobly did the troops behave. Amongst the officers I must men- tion the names of Lientenant-Colonel Mahier, Seventy-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers; Lieutenant Gerke, of the same regiment, who was in command of the skirmishers, and Lieut. W. i3owen, who was on that.day acting adjutant of that regiment. Of the officers of the Fifty-eighth Regiment New York State Volunteers 1 have to make I)articnla.r mention of the gallant conduct of Maj. William flenkel, ~vho was wounded, but who remained for three hours longer on the battle- field, until his pains became too violent; also of the adjutant, Lieuten- ant Stoldt, of that regiment, who did valuable service with the skir- mishers. Of the Fifty-fourth Re~iment New York State Volunteers Lieutenant-Colonel Ashby and Adjutant Brandt deserve great credit. The different members of my staff executed my orders promptlyCap- tain Theune being severely wounded ~vhile performing his duty, and Lieutenant Schmidt most gallantly cheered the men and comiducted the line of skirmishers to my greatest satisfaction. Captain Maluski and Captain Weide did valuable service on that day. On the succeeding day, August 30, at about 8 a. in., I received orders to form my regiments company column left in front. This being done, a new oroer directed me more toward the left, where I took position in line with the brigade of General Stahel. Here we remained until after- noon, when we were ordered up toward the stone house, where my bat- tery took position. I received orders to move my infantry to the right of Colonel Koltes brigade and then to advance which had scarcely been done when we became engaged with the enemy and kept up a brisk fire until, after the lapse of about half an hour, one of the enemys batteries compelled us to retire toward a deep ravine just in the rear of our lines. Seeing, how- ever, that the enemy moved toward our left I again ordered my immen up, changing my front a little toward the left, our left wing resting upon the right wing of a brigade, the name of which I was unable to ascertain. After some fifteen minutes of constant firing of our two brigades I gave ordei-s io my regiments to cease firing, still holding the same position, while the enemy withdrew. I then consulted with the brigade commander on my left, askimmg him to advance farther in company with me, which he, however, ret used to do. My forces being too weak to advance alone I remained inactive for a few minutes, until G~nera1 Schurz sent orders to retire across the till awl r~waiu in vesetv~, 1 (lid ~5Q until ~ p. im~ ~t W 9Vde Page 313 CuAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 313 arrived for me to retire about one-fourth of a mile farther, where nearly the whole corps was collecting. Having no special orders I rested my men, who after their days work were only glad enough to do so, until 2 a. m. 31st, at which time I was informed by a cavalry scouting party that all the troops had fallen back. I at once mounted my horse and went toward the hospital, at which l)lace I had seen General Sigel and General Schurz at about 9 p. m. on the evening of the battle. Finding nobody besides the physicians and the wounded men there I returned to my mcii and ordered them to fall in for the purpose of marching to Centreville, whither our forces were said to have gone. I must insert here that I only had the Fifty-eighth New York State Volunteers and Seventy-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers with me at that time, the Fifty- fourth having been, detailed by General Sigel late on the evening before. Arriving with my troops at the stone bridge across Bull Hun, the same was in a blaze of fire and not fit to be crossed, which circumstance com- pelled me to ford the river with great difficulty, as the banks are very steep. I arrived at Centreville at 6 oclock a. in., after finding the Fifty- fourth Regiment encamped alongside of the road, and joined my division. In th~ engagement of the 30th of August the troops under my com- mand behaved very well in general. The Seventy-fifth deserves again to be especially mentioned for its bravery. Lieutenant-Colonel Mahler, of the same, was wounded; also Lieutenant Ledig. Lieut. W. Bowen, the acting adjutant, was killed, and Lieutenant Froelich. The Fifty- fourth Regiment suffered severely, a number of officers and men being wounded. The gallant conduct of First Lieutenant Wertheiiner, of this regiment, deserves to be noticed, who, while the enemys batteries were pouring a perfect hail of lead into our lines, nobly grasped a guide flag and cheered the men to follow him. Lieutenant-Colonel Ashby, of this regiment, Captain Wahle, Captain Ernewein, and Adjutant Brandt, on this day again behaved bravely. The Fifty-eighth Regiment was more fortunate in regard to the loss of officers, but suffered intensely in the ranks. All the officers deserve credit for their behavior on that day. As to my staff I was as unfortunate as I was on the previous daylosing one of my aides-de-camp, Lieutenant Schmidt, who was severely wounded in the thigh. He showed great coolness and courage. The balance of my staff most promptly executed my orders. I have also to mention the gallant conduct of First Lientenamit Chesebrough, of General Scheneks staff whom I met on the battle-field, and who assisted me for some time. I was unfortunate enough on that day to lose my horse, which was shot under me. Respectfully, ~. KR~YZANOWSKI, Colonel, Commanding Second Brigade, Third Division. Maj. A. HOFFMAN, Aide-de-Camp and A. A. A. G. No. 23. Report of Maj. Stephen Kovacs, Fifty-fourth New York Infantry, of the battles of Groveton and Bull Run. FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT NEW YORK STATE VOLS., Camp near Arlington Heights, September 12, 1862. ~ul; I have th~ hOuIOr to report that Qn the 29th August, 1862, tIm Page 314 314 OPERATIONS IN N. YA., W. YA., AND MD. [CITAP. XXIV. Fifty-fourth Regiment New York State Volunteers was drawn up in line of battle at 6 oclock a. m. at Manassas, and ordered for reserve by General Schurz. At 8 oclock, by his orders, was sent to the woods to drive out the enemy, and found them in large force. The regiment instantly became engaged, and it held the woods in spite of the supe- rior numbers until 1 oclock, when it was relieved by another regiment. In this engagement the officers and men behaved themselves bravely, especially the second color-bearer, William Rauschmuller, who, seeing his comrade (the first color-bearer) fall, instantly seized the flag, and at the same time cared for his wounded comrade, took him to. the rear, and immediately returned again to his proper place. After this the regiment was ordered to fall back to another wood about a half mile distant, With the order to be in column by division, to be ready for any emergency, and the regiment remained under arms all night. The 30th the Fifty-fourth Regiment New York State Volunteers was ordered at 10 oclock to draw up in line of battle on the plains of Ma- nassas. About 3 oclock the enemy commenced to pour into us a ter- rible fire of shot and shell, and under this fire the regiment suffered very much and stood like a wall. About 4 oclock the regiment was ordered to advance up the hill to check the enemy, who was trying to flank our left, which was done. After this the regiment was ordered by General Krzyzanowski to be relieved. In the mean time the regi- ment received orders by Major-General Sigel to hold the ditch, which was done. The commanding officer of the regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Ashby, seeing the regiment left without support, withdrew the troops slowly to the battery of Ca~tain Dilger, reaching there at 7 oclock p. m.~ and the regiment was ordered by Major-General Sigel as the rear guard. In this engagement I have the honor to mention the gallant conduct of First Lieutenant Wertheimer, who, with a small flag in his hand, advanced about 6 paces before the regiment, and the regiment ad- vanced with cheers on a double-quick and fired on the enemy. I also have to mention the brave conduct of the following non-commis- sioned officers: Sergt. Maj. E. Both, Orderly Sergeant Friedie, Orderly Sergeant Osterthal, Orderly Sergeant Nelson, Sergeants Raven, King, Staeven, Werner, Boller, and llartmann. I am sorry to report the loss of many brave officers and men, as the original report will testify. Killed, wounded, and missingtotal 161 men.~ I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, STEPHEN KOVACS, Iifajor, Comdg. Fifty-fourth Regt. New York State Vots. General W. KRZYZANOWSKI, Commanding Second Brigade. No. 24. Report of Capt. Frederick Braun, Fifty-eighth New York Infantry, of operations August 2031. IIDQRS. FIFTY-EIGHTH RnGT. NEW YORK STATE VQLS., Camp near Arlington Heights, September 12, 1862. I have the honor to submit the following report: The regiment arrived after three days marching from camp near - *Seep 25 Page 315 CHAP. XXIV.J CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 315 Robertsons River in camp near Sulphur Springs, Va., on the 20th of August. The next day marched to liappahannock Station, camped there one night, and left on the 22d for Foxs Ford, on the Rappahan- nock River, on which place an artillery skirmish took place duriug the day, and that night the regiment was ordered on 1)icket duty. August 23 and 24 the regiment marched down the river aud passed under heavy artillery firing to Sulphur Springs, marching up the road to Warreuton. Near Waterloo, Va., the regiment was encamped till the 25th in the eveuing. To that time the regiincut formed column as reserve while a bridge was burned down by General Milroys forces. The same night the regiment started for Warrenton, at which place they encamped till the 27th, and left the same day, marching up the road to Gainesville, 7 miles; ordered on picket duty on the right flank of the main body and went, marching 3 miles, above I3uckland, Va. The 28th instant marched through Gainesville to Manassas Plain; arrived there late in the afternoon, and took position, formed in column. The 29th instant the regiment was ordered into action, and marching over a plain ground, soon was engaged with the enemy, which had taken position in the woods. The regiment held the enemy in check from 8 oclock in the morning till 2 p. in., when the regiment was re- lieved. The loss of the regiment was 29 in killed, wounded, an dmissing.* The 30th August the regiment was placed in reserve. During all day heavy artillery firing was going on, and at noon the regiment was drawn into action again. Marching up a hill, the regiment received a severe cross-fire of artillery and sharpshooters and had to retire; took possession of the hill on the left, holding the enemy in check on this l)lace till dark. The regiments loss in this- engagement was 28 killed, wounded, and missing.* The regiment fell back down to Bull Run, and, after a few hours rest, erossed over the burning bridge at midnight. Marching all night, arrived early in the morning at Centre- ville, Va., on which place the regiment was encamped under cover of the intrenchments. At Centreville all property belon 0-in g to the regi- ment which was taken from the train was burned up by higher au- thority. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, F. BRAUN, Captain, Comdg. Fifty-eighth Regt. New Yor1~ State Vols. Major KOYACS Commanding Second Brigade, Third Division. No. 25. Report of Brig. Gen. Robert H. Mitroy, U. S. Army, commanding Inde- pendent Brigade, First Corps, Army of Virginia, of operations August 1331. HEADQUARTERS INDEPENDENT BRIGADE, Near Fort Ethan Allen, Va., September 12, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the move- ments of my command since the departure from Woodville, Va., on August 8, 1862 :1 * * * * * * * From the evening of the 13th to the 18th remained - in camp on the ~ See p. 251. t Portion here omitted is pri~mted on pp. 142, 143 Page 316 316 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. banks of Crooked Creek. Nothing of importance occurred during the interval excepting the capture, on the 16th, of a lieutenant and 3 pri- vates of the Second Virginia while on picket by a party of rebel cav- alry. At 4 p. m. of the 18th received orders to prepare to fall back as far as Sulphnr Springs, the enemy being reported as advancing in great force from Richmond. I soon had my brigade in readiness, and re- mained under arms until 4 a. in., whefi orders were received to move with my brigade in the rear, General Popes command having required all night to withdraw. On the 19th we marched all day, passing through Culpeper, and en- camping at midnight about 4 miles north of that place, on the Sulphur Springs road. On the 20th at daylight resumed march toward Sulphur Springs, reaching there at 5 p. m. without any signs of the enemy in our rear. Started on the morning of the 21st, with brigade in advance of corps, iu the direction of Rappahaunock Station, to re-enforce Banks and Mc- IDowell, who had thus far prevented the enemy from crossing the river at that point, and found a heavy artillery engagement going on. We arrived about noon, and were ordered to rest near General Popes head- qnarters until a position in the field could be assigned me. About 2 p. in. I was ordered to advance toward the river and take l)O5itiOn on the right of Kings division. After advancing about a half mile my bri- gade was divided, yourself~ general, taking two regiments along the road, ni yself moving with the other two through the fields, a small squad of rebel cavalry, who had been watching our movements from the edge of the woods in front of us, fleeing at our approach. Upon arriving at the edge of the woods I halted my column and allowed the sharpshooters and skirmishers sonic five minutes in advance. I then started my two regiments, crossed the woods, about a quarter of a mile in width, and halted, finding ourselves on the right of the line o;f skirmishers then engaged, established by General Patrick, of Kings division. Remaining here some two hours, the enemy making no dem- onstration, I fell back to the fields in the rear of the woods to rest for the night. In the mean while you, general, had placed my infantry and battery in position near the road on my right. Thus disposed of we rested until the following morning. On the morning of the 22d I was early ordered to take the advance in the direction of Freemans Ford, about 1~ miles in front and to the right of us, where the enemy had massed the night previous, and were then holding the ford. When within a quarter of a mile of the ford in order to reconnoiter and select position, I hurried forward, accompanied by my cavalry, being screened in my approach by a long belt of pines bordering on the river. Arriving at the edge of the pines I halted my cavalry, and, accompanied by my staff; crossed the road and ascended an eminence commanding the ford. Scarcely three minutes had elapsed when the enemy opened upon me from two batterries with grape and shell. I immediately hurried my cavalry across the road to a safe posi- tion, and ordered my battery, under Captain Johnson, forwa rd on the double-quick. Too much praise cannot be awarded the captain for the promptness and skill exhibited in bringing his battery into position. In less than five minutes after receipt of the order he had his pieces in ac- tion amid a perfect shower of shot, shell, and canister from three of the rebel batteries, and in teu minutes after had silenced their heaviest battery. ile continued engaging the enemy for about two hours, com- pelling them to constantly change the position of their guns, when, his a~rnnunitioit having given out, I asked for artother lattery, C~pta~4I Page 317 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORtIlEl~N VIIIGINIA. 317 Becks battery, of McLeans brigade, was sent me, he in turn being re- lieved by Captain Buell, of the reserve artillery, in about two hours. The eneniy ceased firing about 3 oclock p. m. My infantry, which at the commencement of the action I had placed under cover of the woods on either flank of the battery, had suffered but littlesome 2 killed and 12 or 13 wounded by canister and shell. About 3 p. rn.7 wishing to ascertain the cause of the enemys silence, I determined to cross the river, and accordingly sent for my cavalry, numbering about 150 effective men. I then crossed the ford, sending a company of sharpshooters across and deploying them, ordering their advance up the hill occnpied in the morning by the enemys batteries, myself with my cavalry in the mean while going around by the road. Ar- riving at the summit of the hill, I discovered the greater part of the en- emy~s wagon train, accompanied by their rear guard, moving up the river in the direction of Sulphur Springs. Their cavalry, upon discovering us, gave the alarm, hurrying off their teams and stragglers in the great. est confusion. I posted a platoon of cavalry as vedettes, at the same time throwing forward 20 of my sharpshooters, who commenced skir- mishing with their rear guard. Being merely reconnoitering, and not having sufficient force to pursue their trains, I ordered my two reniain- ing companies of cavalry into line, under protection of the hill. The remainder of the company of sharpshooters I deployed as skir. mishers, ordering them to feel their way into the woods on my left. They had scarcely entered the woods when they met the enemys skir- mishers, and from their number and the length of their line I inferred that they had a large force to back them. Shortly after they opened a heavy fire to my left and rear beyond the woods I had thrown my skirmishers in, which I afterward learned was the attack of the enemy upon Bohlens brigade, which had crossed the river below me. It now being sundown, and not being allowed to bring any force across, II returned, my brigade resting for the night without changing position. At 7 a. m. 23d received orders to move in the direction of Sulphur Springs, my brigade bringing up the rear of the corps. When a short distance en route I was directed to take a road on my left, a rougher but shorter route to the Springs, the main body of the corps having continued on the main road. Upon coming into the main road again I found myself in advance of the corps. When within a mile of the bridge across Great Run I found our cavalry in line of battle l)ehind the woods. Upon inquiring the cause, I was informed that the enemy were in force at and across the run and had fired on them. Upon this information I passed them with my brigade, and finding the rebel guns in position across the creek, I placed my battery in a commanding posi- tion on this side and commenced shelling them, at the same time throw- ing my infantry into the woods, who soon found and opened a brisk fire into the rebel infantry in front of them on our side of the creek, my men being exposed from the commencement to a cross-fire of grape and canister from a masked battery across the creek. But notwith- standing all these odds we soon forced them across the creek and to retire for protection behind their guns. The enemy having torn up the bridge, and it now being dark, I encamped my brigade for the night a short distance back from the banks of the creek. Next morning, 24th, a strong I)ioneer party having been put to work on the bridge to repair for our artillery to cross, I crossed my infantry upon the sleepers, not waiting for my cavalry or artillery. I deployed a strong skirmishing party and was soon on the track of the enemy, who had fallen back during the night to their main body, which ha Page 318 ~18 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. tOHAP. XXIV~ crossed the river by the bridge at Sulphur Springs, my skirmishers advancing as far as the Springs. As soon as my infantry appeared on the heights commanding the bridge across iledgeinans River the enemy, who were in position, opened fire from the opposite shore. I sent back for my battery and returned their fire. The other batteries of the corps soon coming up a general artillery engagement ensued, which resulted in our driving their gunners away, leaving their pieces very temptingly displayed. Wishing to take advantage of this unexpected opportunity in securing their guns, I had just crossed the bridge, with one of my regiments (the Fifth Virginia) folloxving close behind, and when nearly in reach of the prize found myself in a hornets nest. As if by magic t.he woods and hills became alive with the enemy; the deserted bat- teries were suddenly manned, and a semicircle of guns nearly a mile around us commenced pouring a steady stream of shell and canister upon the bridge. I called to my regiment, which was then crossin9, to retire, which it did in very good order an(l ral)id style. Our batteries immediately responded to their fire, thus drawing their attention away from us. In a moment the air was perfi~ctly alive with shot and shell, and I took advantage of their elevation to join my command. At this juncture I received orders to take the advance of the ~OVl)5 in the direction of Waterloo Bridge, 6 miles above Warrenton Springs. I got my brigade in motion and arrive(l at the bridge about S p. in. I placed iDieckmanns battery in l)osition on a comman(ling emmunence Oil the left of the road and near the bridge, immediately opening fire upon a rebel battery across the river, at the same time throwing my skir- mishers down near the bridge and along the bamik, where they were soon engaging the rebel skirmishers. Thus matters stood when dark- ness partially put an end to the firing, but the enemy opened on us furiously several times during the night~ with small-arms, which was promptly replied to. On the morning of the 25th the batteries on both sides opened again, and continued through the day without serious loss to us. About 3 p. m. I received orders to burn the bridge at once at all hazards, and to this end brought forward my four re~irnents of inibutry to engage the enemys infantry, concealed in the woods near the bridge on the opposite bank. By keeping up a steady artillery and infantry fire I succeeded in covering a party firing the bridge, which, being of heavy oak, burned but slowly, and it was not till dark that the bridge was entirely consumed. We then received orders to march to Warrenton, my brigade to bring up the rear of the corps. We left about 9 p. m. and arrived at Warrenton next morning at daylight. here we remained in camp until the morning of the 27th, when we received orders to take the advance in the direction of Gainesville. My cavalry, upon arriving at Broad Run, within 4 miles of Gaines- ville, found the bridge on fire and the rebel cavalry with one piece of artillery drawn up on the opposite side. Major Krcpps, commanding my cavalry detachment, immediately ordered a charge,, and after two successive charges succeeded in putting them to flight. By this time my infaimtry had arrived, and I set the Pioneer Corps to work repairing the bridge, which was executed with such promptness that in fifteen minutes after we were enabled to cross ommr artillery. Meanwhile I had pushed ahead with my cavalry and infantry in the direction of Gainesville. When within 2 miles of Gainesville 1 sent a platoon of cavalry with a regiment of infantry and a section of my battery to hold the road leading to flay Market Station. With the rest of the brigade I continued on the main road, and upon approaching Gainesville foun Page 319 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 319 we had intercepted Longstreet from joining Jackson, Ewell, and Hill, who had just passed up the railroad toward Manassas Junction. At Gainesville we took some 200 prisoners, stragglers from Jacksons army. I here received orders to halt my brigade for the night. Next morning, 28th, took the advance toward Manassas Junction, arriving within a mile of the Junction at noon. I halted to await fur- ther orders. I accordingly turned my infantry aside into the shade of the woods, and sent my artillery ahead as far as the Junction, there being no water for them nearer. Upon visiting the railroad station at the Junction I found an immense amount of Government stores in cars, which were yet burning, having been set on fire by the rebels the night previous, after having helped themselves to all they could carry oIL At 3 p. m. I received orders to join the balance of the corps, then marching in the direction of New Market. I accordingly moved across the country and soon overtook them. After marching about an hour skirmishing commenced in front. I was ordered to go forward and take 1)OSltlOn on Seheucks left, and pressed forward through the woods and underbrush in the direction of the rebel firing, which seemed to recede as I advanced. It finally grew dark, but I pushed forward in the direction of the firing, which had gradually grown into the thunder of a desperate battle. It becoming so dai k, and the nature of the ground not admitting of my battery being pushed for- ward, I left it iii charge of two companies of infantry, and started forward with my four regiments in the direction of the heavy firing, which suddenly ceased with great shouting, indicating, as we judged, a victory by the rebels. It being now 9 oclock, and the darkness rendering the recognition of friend or foe impossible, I withdrew to my battery, which was on a line with the front of the corps, then fully a mile in my rear, resting my brigade here for the night. On the following morning (the 29th), at daylight, I was ordered to proceed in search of the rebels, and had not proceeded more than 500 yards when we were greeted by a few straggling shots from the woods in front. We were now at the creek, and I had just sent forward my skirmishers, when I received orders to halt and let the men have break- fast. While they were cooking, niyself, accompanied by General Scheuck, rode up to the top of an eminence, some 50() yards to the front, to reconnoiter. We had no sooner reached the top than we were greeted by a shower of musk& t halls from the woo(is on our ight. I iiumediately ordered Lii) my battery and gave the bnshwhackers a few shot and shell, which soon cleared the woo(ls. Soon after I discovered the enemy in great force about three-quarters of a mile in front of ,us, upon our right of the pike leading from Gainesville to Alexandria. I brought up my two batteries and opened upon them, causing them to fall back. I then moved forward my brigade, with skirmishers de- l)loyed, an(l continued to advance n~y regiments, the enemy falling back. General Schencks division was off to my left and that of General Schnrz to my right. After passing a l)iece of woods I turned to the right, where the rel)els had a battery that gave us a great deal of trouble. I brought forward one of my batteries to reply to it, and soon after heard a tremendous fire of small-arms, and knew that Gen- eral Schnrz was hotly engaged to my right in an extensive forest. I sent two of my regiments, the Eighty-second Ohio, Colonel Cautwell, and the Fifth Virginia, Colonel Zeigler, to General Schnmz assistance. They were to attack the enemy~s right flank, and I held my other two regiments in reserve for a time. The two regiments sent to Schur Page 320 320 OPEkATIONS IN N. VA., W. vA., ANP MD. [OUA?. xxiV. were soon hotly engaged, the enemy being behind a railroad embank- ment, which afforded them an excellent breastwork. The railroad had to be approached from the cleared ground on our side through a strip of thick timber from 100 to 500 yards in width. I had intended, with the two regiments held in reserve (the Second and Third Virginia Regiments), to charge the rebel battery, which was but a short distance from us over the top of a hill to our left, but while making my arrangements to do this I observed that my two regiments engaged were being driven back out of the woods by the terrible fire of the rebels. I then saw the brave Colonels Cautwell and Zeigler struggling to rally their broken regiments on the rear of the forest oat of which they had been driven, and sent two of my aides to assist them and assare them of immediate support. They soon rallied their men and charged again and again up to the railroad, but were driven back each time with great loss. I then sent the Second Virginia to their support, directing it to approach the railroad at the point on the left of my other regiments, where the woods ended, but they were met by such a destructive fire from a large rebel force that they ~vere soon thrown into confusion and fell back in disorder. The enemy now caine on in overwhelming num- bers. General Carl Schurz had been obliged to retire with his two brigades an hour before, and then the whole rebel force was turned against my brigade, and my brave lads were dashed back before the storm of bullets like chaff before the tempest. I then ordered my reserve battery into position a short distance in the rear, and when five guns had got into position one of the wheel horses was shot dead, but I ordered it to unlimber xvhere they were, and the six guns mowed the rebels with grape and canister with fine effi~ct. My reserve regi- ment, the Third Virginia, now opened with telling effect. Colonel Cautwell, of the Eighty-second Ohio, was shot through the brain and instantly killed while trying to rally his regiment during the thickest of the fight. While the storm was raging the fiercest General Stahel came to me and reported that he had been sent by General Scheuck to snl)port me, and inquired where he should place his brigade. I told him on my left, and help snl)port my 1)attery. lie themi returned to his brigade, and soon after being attacked from another qnarter I did not again see him during the day. I was then left wholly unsupported, CxcCl)t by a portion of a Pennsylvania regiment, which I found on the field, and stood by me bravely during the next hour or two. I then rallied my reserved regiment and broken fragments in the woods near my battery and sent out a strong ~)arty of skirmishers to keep the enemy at bay, while another party weimt forward without arms to get off as many of our dead and wounded as l)ossible. I maintained my grOun(l, skir- mishimig, and occasionally firing by battalion, during the greater part of the afternoon. Toward evening General Grover came up with his New England brigade. 1 saw him formnimig a line to attack the rebel stronghold in the same place I had been all day, and advised him to form line niore to the left, and charge bayonets on arriving at the railroad track, which his brigade executed with such telling effect as to drive the rebels in clouds before their bayonets. Meanwhile I had gathered the remnant of my brigade, ready to take advantage of any opportunity to assist him. I soon discovered a large number of rebels fleeing before the left flank of Grovers brigade. They passed - over an open space some 500 yards in width in front of my reserved regiment, which I ordere Page 321 CRAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 321 to fire on them, which they did, accelerating their speed and discom- fiture so much that I ordered a charge. My regiment immediately dashed out of the woods we were in down across the meadows in front of us after the retreating foe, but before their arriving at the other side of the meadow the retreating column received a heavy support from the railroad below them, and soon rallying, came surging back, driv- ing before their immense columns Grovers brigade and my handful of men. An hour before the charge I had sent one of my aides back after a fresh batterythe ammunition of both my batteries having given outwhich arriving as our boys were being driven back I immediately ordered them into position and commenced pouring a steady fire of grape and canister into the advancing columns of the enemy. The first discharge discomposed them a little, but the immense surging mass behind pressed them on us. I held on until they were within 100 yards of ns, and having but a handful of men to support the battery, ordered it to retire, which was executed with the loss of one gun. I then rallied the shattered remnant of my brigade, which had been rallied by my aides and its officers, and encamped some three-quarters of a mile to the rear. The next morning, 30th, I brought my brigade into the position as signed them, and remained in reserve until about 4 p. in., when I threw it across the road to stop the retreating masses which had been driven back from the front. I soon received an order to move my brigade off to the left on double-quick, the enemy having massed their troops during the day in order to turn our left flank. I formed line of battle along the road, my left resting near the edge of the woods in which the battle was raging. Soon our troops came rushing, panic-stricken, out of the woods, leaving my brigade to face the enemy, who followed the retreat- ing masses to the edge of the woods. The road in which my brigade was formed was worn and washed from 3 to 5 feet (leep, affording a splendid cover for my men. My boys opened fire on them at short range, driving the rebels back to a respectful distance. But the enemy, being constantly re-en Corced from the masses in their rear, came on again and again, pouring in advance a perfect hurricane of balls, which had but little effect on my men, who were so well protected in their road intrenchment. But the steady fire of my brigade, together with that of a splendid brass battery on higher ground in my rear, which I ordered to fire rapidly with canister over the heads of my men, had a mbst withering effect upon the rebels, whose columns melted away and fast recoiled from repeated efforts to advance upon my road breast- work from the woods. But the fire of the enemy, which had effected my men so little, told with destructive results on the exposed battery in their rear, and it required a watchful effort to hold them to their 4~ffective work. My horse was shot in the head by a musket-ball while in the midst of the battery cheering on the men. I got another, and noon after observing the troops on my left gi viug way in confusion 1)efore the rebel fire, I hastened to assist in rallying them, and while engaged in this the battery took advantage of my absence and with- drew. I had sent one of my aides shortly before to the rear for fresh troops to support this part of our line, where the persistent efforts of the rebels showed they had determined to break through. A flue regiment of regulars was sent, which was formed in the rear of my brigade, near the position the battery had occupied. The rebels came around the 21 R RVOL XII, PT II Page 322 322 OPERATIONS iN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. forest in columns to our right and front, but the splendid firing of the regulars, with that of my brigade, thinned their ranks so rapidly, that they were thrown back in confusion upon every attempt made. About this time, when ~he battle raged thickest, Lieutenant Est6 an(l Lieu- tenant Niles, of General Schencks staff, reported to me for duty, inform- ing me that General Schenck had been seriously wounded and his command thrown back from the field. Most thankfully was their valuable assistance accepted, and most gallantly and efficiently did they assist me on that most ensanguined field until 8 oclock at night in bringing up regiments, brigades, and batteries, cheering them on to action, and in rallying them when driven back before the furious fire of the enemy. Shortly after sunset my own brigade had entirely exhausted their ammunition, and it being considered unsafe to bring forward the am- munition wagons, where the enemys shells were constantly flying and exploding, and the enemy having entirely ceased their efforts to break through this part of the line and had thrown the weight of their attack still farther to my left, I ordered my brigade back some one- half of a mile to replenish their ammunition boxes and there await further orders. I remained on the field with Lieutenants Est6 and Niles, my own having been sent to see to my regiments. The enemy continued their attacks upon our left until long after dark, which it required the most determined and energetic efforts to repel. At one time, not receiving assistance from the rear, as I had a right to expect after having sent for it, and our struggling battalions being nearly overcome by the weight and persistence of the enemy~s attack, I flew back about one-half mile to where I understood General McDowell was with a large portion of his corps. I found him and appealed to him in the most urgent manner to send a brigade forward at once to save the day or all would be lost. He answered coldly, in substance, that it was not his business to help everybody, and he was not going to help General Sigel.* I told him I was not fighting with General Sigels corps; that my brigade had got out of ammunition some time before and gone to the rear, and that I had been fighting with a half dozen different brigades, and that I had not inquired where or to what particular corps they belonged. He inquired of one of his aides if General was fighting over there on the left; he answered he thought he was. McDowell replied that he would send him help, for he was a good fellow. He then gave the order for a brigade to start, which was all I desired. I dashed in front of them, waved my sword, and cheered them forward. They raised the cheer and came on at double-quick. I soon led them to where they were most needed, and the gallant manner in which they entered the fight and the rapidity of their fire soon turned the tide of battle. But this gallant brigade, like many others which had preceded it, found the enemy too strong as they advanced into the forest, and was forced back by the tremendous fire that met them. But one of General Burnsides veteran brigades, com- ing up soon after dark with a battery, again dashed back the tide of armed treason, and sent such a tempest of shot, shell, and leaden death into the dark forest after the rebels that they did not again renew the attack. Perhaps some mighty cheering which I got our boys to 8end up about that time induced the rebels to believe that we had received such re-enforcements as to make any further meddling with our lines a rather See record of the McDowell Court of Inquiry in Part I Page 323 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 323 unhealthy business. Feeling certain that the rebels had been completely checked and defeated in their attempts to flank us and drive us from the field, and that we could now securely hold it until morning, by which time we could rally our scattered forces and bring up sufficient fresh troops to enable us to gain a complete victory on the morrowI felt certain that the rebels had put forth their mightiest efforts, and were greatly cut up and crippledI therefore determined to look up my little brigade and bring it forward into position, when we would be ready in the morning to renew the contest, and renew the great, glori- ons drama of the war. 1 left the field about 8 oclock p. m. in posses- sion of our gallant boys, and with Lieutenants Estd and Kiles started back in the darkness, and was greatly surprised, upon coming to where I expected to find my brigade, with thousands of other troops, to find none. 1 kept on half a mile farther in painful, bewildering doubt and uncertainty, when I found you, general, and first learned from you, with agonizing surprise, that our whole army had been ordered to re- treat back across Bull Run to Centreville. Comment is unnecessary. I felt that all the blood, treasure, and labor of our Government and people for the last year had been thrown away by that unfortunate order, and that most probably the death-knell of our glorious Government had been sounded by it. The highest praise I can award to the officers and soldiers of my brigade, in all the hard service and fighting through which we have passed, is that they have bravely, cheerfully, patiently, and nobly performed their duty. Colonels Cautwell, of the Eighty-second Ohio, and Zeigler, of the Fifth Virginia, deserve particular mention for their coolness and bravery in the long and desperate fight of the 29th with the rebels at the railroad. In the death of Colonel Cantwell the country, as well as his family, have sustained an irreparable loss. No braver man or truer patriot ever lived. He constantly studied the best interests of his soldiers and of the country, and his men loved, obeyed, and respected him as a father. Truly the loss of such an officer in these trying times is a great calamity. I avail myself of this opportunity to return my thanks to the mem- bers of my staff, Captains Baird, Flesher, and Mcl)onald, and Lieuten- ants Cravens and Hopper, for their promptness, bravery, and efficiency in the transmission and execution of orders. Captain Baird, unfortu- nately, in attempting to return to me on the field on the evening of the 30th, after dark, in company with one of my orderlies, Corporal Wilson, Company C, First Virginia Cavalry, took a wrong path, which led into the enemys lines, and they were both captured and are still prisoners. My brigade surgeon, too, Maj. Daniel Meeker, is always at his post, whether in field of danger, camp, or hospital. His superior science, skill, and patient industry have proved the greatest blessing to our sick and wounded soldiers. Lists of my killed, wounded, and missing have been sent yon.* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. H. MILROY, Brig. Gen, Comdg. Ind~pdt. Brig., First Corps, Army of Th. Maj. T. A. MEYSENBERG, Assistant Adjutant- General. * T~mbodied in revised sOstement, p. 251 Page 324 324 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. No. 26. Itinerary of the Second Corps, Army of Virginia, ]Jifaj. Gen. Nathaniet P. Banks commanding, August 131. * FIRST DIVISION. First Brigade: August 1, brigade encamped at Culpeper Court. House, Va. August 8, by order, moved toward the Rapidan River and encamped near Cedar Mountain. August 9, battle of Cedar Mountain fought, in which the brigade took an active part, engaging the enemy, strongly posted in a wood, driving them from their position and holding the ground until they (the enemy) were strongly re-enforced. The brigade in this engage- ment suffered severely. August 12, the brigade returned to Culpeper. August 19, by order, brigade moved to Rappahannock Station and bivouacked. August 21, moved 2 miles down the river and bivouacked. August 22, counter-marched and moved up the river to the support of General Sigel. August 23, up the river skirmishing all day along the lines and biv- o nacked. August 24, moved up the river, and was in an engagement at Sulphur Springs, without loss. August 25, continued to move up the river, in support of General Sigel, toward Waterloo Bridge. August 26, brigade moved down the river about 6 miles and biv- on acked. August 27, moved down and bivouacked at Warrenton Junction. August 28, moved to Catletts Station and bivouacked near Kettle Run. August 29, removed camp. August 30, marched to Manassas, and were ordered back to Bristoe Station, to protect train of cars, & c. August 31, left Bristoe Station, after burning railroad trains, & c., and by a circuitous route reached Bull Run and bivouacked. Third Brigade: August 6, marched from Washington, Va., to Lebanon Church. August 7, marched to Hazel River. August 9, marched to Cedar Mountain and fought the battle bearing that name. After the battle this was the only brigade which held its original ground. August 12, returned to Culpeper and encamped. August 18, left Culpeper for the Rappahannock; marched 1 mile, and halted for General McDowells train to move out of the road. August 19, reached the river. August 21, moved at night to the support of General Reno, counter- marched a Ford. , nd on the 22d moved up the river 5 miles to hold Beverly August 23, were opened upon at daylight by two rebel batteries. Cothrans battery replied, blowing up two cassions, d isinounting one gun, and driving the gunners away from one battery. * Prom Record of Events on return for month of August, 1862 Page 325 CHAP. XXIV.1 CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 325 August 24, on the march; road blocked up by Ge4neral Sigels wagons. Severe shelling during the day. August 25, marched 2 miles and counter-marched. At 3 p. in. marched 9 miles toward Bealeton. Augnst 28, marched to Bristoe Station. August 31, burned the stores at Bristoe and moved over a back road 18 miles to Blackburns Ford. SECOND DIVISION. August 6, the division took up its line of march for Woodville, Va., and on the 7th marched to Hazel River. August 8, marched to Culpeper Court-House, Va,, reaching that place at midnight. On the morning of the 9th the command was ordered forward to Cedar Mountain, where the enemy had taken position in force. The entire division was engaged in the battle at that place, Generals Augur and Geary being wounded and General Prince taken prisoner. August 12, returned to Culpeper and encamped. August 18, the division trains were ordered to railroad crossing over the Rappahannock River, and on the 19th the division left Culpeper and crossed the Rappahannock River. Angust 21, the Third Delaware Regiment rejoine(1 the command. August 22, the division moved about 3 miles up the Rappahannock River to Beverly Ford. August 24, marched toward Waterloo, encam~)ing near Sulphur Springs, and were there joined by the Sixtieth New York Volunteers. August 25, resumed march toward Waterloo, and en route received orders to return to Rappahannock Station, and encamped on road about 2 miles from and opposite to Sulphur Springs. August 26, at night marched 5 miles, aud joined the First Division. August 27, marched to Warrenton Junction; the Purn eli Legion here rejoining the command. August 28, marched to Kettle Run, near Bristoe. August 31, marched to Bull Run. No. 27. Reports , . . Army, commanding Third of Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell U S Corps, Army of Virginia, of operations August 7September 2.~ WASHINGTON, D. C., November 6, 1862. GENERAL: The rapid succession of events, forced marches, separa- tion from books and papers, and other circumstances attending the late campaign of the Army of Virginia were such as made it impracticable for me to make from time to time detailed reports of the part taken iii it by the Third Army Corps; and as immediately after the end of the campaign the corps was sent under another commander on active serv- ice into Maryland, and several of the officers commanding divisions and brigades became disabled there, I am still without many of the principal reports and returns which are necessary to make my report See also record of McDowell Court of Inquiry, Part I, pp. 36332 Page 326 326 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. (CHAP. XXIV. as full as it should be. It may therefore be found incomplete in some perts, and to comprse much which should have been made the subject of separate reports. In the movements of the Army of Virginia, made, I presume, for the purpose of drawing on it the enemys army from Richmond, and then of holding that army in check till a junction could be effected by our forces with the troops from the Peninsula, the Third Army Corps con- sisted in the first place of Kings and Iticketts divisions and Bayards cavalry brigade. On the 7th of August, when we first felt the advance of the enemy, Kiugs division was on the north bank of the Itappahannock at Fred- ericksburg. Ricketts division, with the headquarters of the corps, was between the Rappahannock and the Rapidan, about. 3 miles east of the little town of Culpeper Court-House. Bayards cavalry brigade was well to the front, in the forks of the Rapidan and its principal northern tributary, Robertsons River, with his outposts thrown for- ward, watching the enemys line, which was on the south or right bank of the Rapidan, fi-om a point some 3 miles to the east of the crossing of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, to the left of Bufords cavalry, which watched the front from the Rapidan to the Blue Ridge. The Rapidan from the left of Bayards line to the Rappahannock and thence to Fredericksburg was watched by the First Rhode Island, First Maine, Fifth New York, and Harris Light Cavalry, making a line of cavalry posts from the Blue Ridge to the Potomac. The distance between Kings division at Fredericksburg and Ricketts at Culpeper was too great for either to join the other in case of its being attacked, and so far apart as to leave a wide opening for the enemy to get be- tween them by moving down the Rapidan and crossing near its conflu- ence with the Rappahannock.~ The weakness of this disposition of the corps early engaged your attention, as it had my own, and you would have remedied it in the beginning by bringing away Kings division, but that to do this before the arrival of troops from the Peninsula would cause us to abandon Fredericksburg and the line from that place to Aquia, which at the cost of months of labor had been placed in condition for service, and heavily supplied with railroad rolling stock and other materials for large operations that it was thought might soon have to be undertaken from that point. General King, was, however, held in readiness to leave at the shortest notice, and our cavalry was kept far to the front, so as to give timely warning of the movements of the enemy. It was at midnight of the 7th of August that the line was broken by the enemys crossing the Rapidan above the mouth of Robertsons River, driving in Bayards outposts, and following them early on the morning of the 8th on the road leading across Robertsons River, and thence along the northwest base of Cedar Run (or Slaughter) Mount- ain, toward Culpeper. Early on the morning of the 8th General Bayard sent Lieutenant- Colonel Karge with a battalion of the First New Jersey to get around the enemys left flank, while the general himself held them in check in front with part of the First Pennsylvania, under its colonel, Owen Jones, and part of the FirstNew Jersey, under Major Beaumont. Slowly failing back toward Robertsons River he was rejoined by Lieutenant- Colonel Karge (who had been successful in his flank movement, cap- taring 1 captain, 1 lieutenant, and 24 privates), and after pas~iug his command over the river under a fire of the enemys artillery the general destroyed the bridge, thus delaying the enemys advance, and gamin Page 327 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 327 time to call in all his pickets and give the notice needed to concentrate the army on the point threatened by the enemy. This was on the day of your arrival at Cudpeper. The order given by you to King, as soon as news of the enemys advance became known, found him just returned with a large part of his division (including all of his cavalry) from a demonstration, made in compliance with your orders, on the line of the enemy~s railroad communications between Richmond and Gordonsville; and though his men were weary, and would have mnch liked rest before beginning this march, they set forth at once, and ma(le a forced march of 40 miles in thirty-six hours, dur- ing oppressively hot weather. The First and Second Corps were between the Blue Ridge and Culpeper, npon which they were directed by your orders. Crawfords brigade, of ~ corps, had been occupying the town of Culpeper, and being nearest the enemy, was sent by you on the 8th to support Bayard, and joined him that evening at Cedar Run, a small stream running past the eastern base of Cedar Run (or Slaugh- ter) Mountain. Colonel Duffi6s First Rhode Island Cavalry and Col- onel Allens First Maine Cavalry, which had been guarding the fords on the Rapidan below Bayard, also joined him, to aid in holding the enemy in check till the army should be sufficiently massed to offer battle. Thus far this had been done by Bayards brigade, and now the duty de- volved on Crawford, who joined him with infantry and artillery. General Banks, arriving at Culpeper in the evening of the 8th with the remainder of his corps, was sent by you on the 9th to join his ad- vanced brigade, then operating with the cavalry of my corps, holding the enemy in check. The orders were that General Sigels corps (the First) should follow and support General Banks; Ricketts division, of my corps, which had been moved to the southwest of the town, to be in reserve, Kings division being more than two days march distant. The cannonading of the 8th had been resumed on the 9th, and was kept up more or less throughout the day. The reports from the front sent in to me and from General Banks to your headquarters (where by your direction I had been throughout the day) were to the effect that the enemy did not yet seem to be in great force, showing his cavalry some- what ostentatiously, and using his artillery only; and these reports continued to be of this character throughout the day, and gave the as- surance the enemy would not be able to bring up his main force till our army should have been sufficiently concentrated and got in good con- dition for battle. General Sigels corps having arrived at Culpeper after a forced march, much of it during the night previous, and being reported without pro- visions and not in a condition to immediately follow General Banks, by your order I dfrected subsistence to be given General Sigels men from my supply train, and instantly took Ricketts division, accompa- nied by you, to the front, to join General Banks, without waiting to follow General Sigel, as had been before ordered. When the order was given me to take Ricketts division to the front it was not known General Banks had attacked the enemy, or that he purposed doing so, or that the enemy was in sufficient force to attack him but the cannonading having become more continuous, I was sent forward as a precautionary measure, and to allow General Sigels men some rest. When between 2 and 3 miles from Cedar Mountain we be- gan to meet the evidences of the battle which General Banks had fought at its basestragglers, singly and in groups, and soon companies, bat- talions, and batteries moving to the rear. GeneraJ Banks had left the position where he had drawn up his troops and moved them forwar Page 328 ~28 OPERKVJO~S IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [~1rAP. XkIV. to attack .the enemy, not believing him to be iii any great force, and found him stronger than he had supposed, outnumbering greatly his own corps, and had been driven back after a gallant, severe, and bloody contest. It was now dark, and nnder the assurance of General Banks that the remainder of his corps were in the front of a narrow strip of woods which extended across the road; that a brigade was still on a hill to the right of this wood, and that this brigade and the right of his line, which was said to be intact, would be drawn toward and strengthen the center, which had suffered most, I was ordered to place Ricketts division to the right and front. This was done by posting Towers brigade with two batteries (Leppiens and Thompsons) on the knoll to the right of the wood, Carrolls brigade connecting the left of Towers line with the woods; llartsuffs and Duryeas brigades in second line, with Halls and Thompsons batteries in reserve. But while making these dispositions and moving forward in column to do so, the enemy, following up the retreat of General Banks, established a battery beyond the woods before mentioned and opened on the head of my column, and soon after coining through the woods with infantry, cavalry, and artillery, established another battery on the knoll where you had just before made your headquarters after your conference with General Banks and others. This battery fired on the second line of Ricketts division, and until the battalions in mass were placed under the shelter of the rolling ground took effect on llartsuffs brigade. Quickly the batteries in reserve, under the direction of that most valuable officer Major Tillson, chief of artillery, Halls First Maine, and Thompsons Second Maryland, opened on the enemy. It was dark, and only by the flash of the enemys pieces could they see where to direct their aim, but soon, by a rapid and well-directed fire they silenced the enemys bat- teries and forced them to withdraw, leaving some of their officers and most of their horses dead on the ground. The fire of the enemys in- fantry from the woods was mostly at Carrolls brigade, which suffered from it before his men could be got into position in the front line. The hot reception given the enemy by Ricketts division caused the enemy to fall back during the night to their former position on and near Cedar Run Mountain, some 3 miles. Finding Ricketts (livision too far to the front and right, it was drawn over during the night by your direction to the right of the position you had directed General Sigel to occupy. On the morning of the 10th (Sunday) nothing was done by either army beyond a few dropping shots, and we remained in position under arms awaiting a renewal of the attack, which was not made, there be. ing only one false alarm of a movement on our right flank. The First Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Col. Owen Jones; the First New Jersey Cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel Karge (Colonel Wyndham being a prisoner of war on parole); the First Rhode Island Cavalry, under Colonel Duffi6, and the First Maine, under Colonel Allen, all under Brigadier-General Bayard, had been engaged in the battle before we came up, and I am assured by your chief of cavalry, Brigadier-General Roberts, who was present, they performed good service, not only be- fore but during the action. General Bayard, who had himself rendered most valuable service, speaks warmly of a charge made about 5 oclock p. m. by that gallant old soldier Major Falls, First Pennsylvania Cav- alry, who led his battalion against the enemys lines and charged com- pletely through them. All the regiments abov~ named, and especiall Page 329 CuAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGiNIA. 329 the Pennsylvania and New Jersey, had severe duty to perform in hold- ing the enemy in check. There are two officers of my staff (aides-de-cainp) who are deserv- ing of especial mention in this connectionCaptain Leski and Capt. Howard Stockton. Having had no officers of Topographical Engineers, they were placed on this duty, and were constantly in front, exerting themselves with a zeal and intelligence that accomplished much for the army, and especially for the advance. On the 11th nothing in the way of hostilities occurred between the two armies. The burial of the dead and care of the wounded were effected under an informal flag of truce. On the 12th Kings division joined from Fredericksburg, and on the same day the enemy retired from our front across ~ River, going, according to the reports of our scouts and the lookouts, from the mountains back to Gordonsville, or, at all events, his main body disap- pearing from the banks of the Rapidan. As it was not intended we should go beyond the Rapidan, but to continue to threaten its passage, the strongest defensible position north of that river and east of its northern tributary, Robertsons River, was occupied by the army; Major-General Sigels corps on the right, his right touching Robertsons River; the Third Corps in the center; Major-General Reno, who, at the head of the re-enforcements coming up the Potomac to Aquia Creek, had followed Kings division from Fredericksburg, on the left, his left near the Rapidan, and General Banks in reserve at the little town of Culpeper Court-Housethe Orange and Alexandria Railroad, which had been repaired, going through the center of the position. The army was in the forks of the Rappahannock and its tributary, the Rapidan. These two streams rise in the Blue Ridge and run through the Bull Run or Piedmont Ridge. Beyond the Rapidan and close to the river the Piedmont Ridge, which disappears at Warrenton, begins again nearly opposite the left of our line, held by Reno, and stretches off to the southwest to Lynchburg. On the morning of the 18th one of our spies, who had been with the enemy~s army, came and reported to you that the enemy had accumu- lated all his forces, including several divisions just up from Richmond, behind the ridge immediately beyond the river and opposite our ex- treme left. His artillery horses were all harnessed, and they wer~ expecting orders to march every moment down the river, to cross at Raccoon Ford to get in our rear. This movement, which had been completely hidden from onr sight by the ridge, and even from that of our lookouts on the top of Thoroughfare Mountain, was one made in the direction which had been expected from the first, and had for its object the interposing of the whole of the enemys forces l)etween our army and its re-enforcements, then coming up from Aquia Creek and Fredericksburg and from Alexandria by way of Manassas Junction. The information was important and received in time, provided the enemy gave us that day and night the start. Your orders for the army to retire forthwith behind the Rappahan- nock required that the reserve corps (Banks) should immediately send its baggage to the rear, by way of Brandy Station, to the Orange and Alexandria Railroad crossing of the Rappahannock; that the trains of the Third Army Corps should follow those of Banks; that those of Sigel should follow the Third Corps to Culpeper, and then go by the War- renton road to the Sulphur Springs crossing of the Rappahannock, some 6 miles above the railroad crossing; that Reno should take th Page 330 330 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. road by which he caine, and which led him back to Kelly~~ Ford, somc 6 miles below the railroad crossing. The movement of the trainsun- fortunately very largewas followed by the march of troops in the same orderthe troops commencing to move after midnight, so as to allow the trains to get some distance ahead if possible. The size of the trains, the night march, the ~orps having for a large part of the way to use the same road, made a retreat a very tedious and wearisome one to the troops, althongh it was entirely successful and effected with- out loss or accident, but the troops did not reach the Happahannock until the evening of the 19th. Bayards cavalry, being charged with covering the rear of the col- nmu, got no farther than Culpeper that night. The next morning, the 20th, agreeably to the instructions given him, he took post at Brandy Station, half way between Culpeper Court-House and the Rappahan- nock, and sent out strong parties in all the roads coming from the en- emys position. The party sent out on the Raccoon Ford road soon came upon the head of the enemys column, which had made the expected movement, but too late to intercept us. The enemy followed np the cavalry to Brandy Station and thence to the iRappahannock, some skirmishing taking place on the way, and the cavalry retiring across the river. The entire corps, with the exception of a small party thrown in advance at the head of the bridge, now occupied the left or north bank of the Rappahannock, with General Sigels corps on the right, General Banks corps partly in reserve and partly on the left, and Renos corps below us, at Kellys Ford, and Reynoids~ division, formerly under my command, and which it was soon to rejoin, coming up the river from Fredericksburg. I understood it was desired the line of the kappa- hannock should be held as long as possible, to gain time for the troops coming up the Potomac to join, and particularly thosS coming by way of Aquia and Fredericksburg, who would be liable to be cut off if we should give up the river before they arrived. The Itappahannock above the mouth of the iRapidan is an inconsiderable stream, and fordable at most seasons every few miles. The Third Corps was posted at and above the railroad bridge, which had been so arranged as to serve for artillery and cavalry. The advance, a regiment of Hartsuffs brigade, was posted on two small hills on the southern side of the river, between the line of the railroad and the river. The first one was about 150 yards from the road and as many from the river; the second some 400 yards from the road and 600 from the river. On the first was a small intrenchment, thrown up by the enemy at the time of their retreat from Manassas last spring. That evening a battery of artillery and a regiment of infantry, from Banks corps, I think, were sent by you to guard a ford to the right of my line. Early on the morning of the 21st the enemy attempted the ford held by the battery and regiment on my right and drove them away, dis- persing the regiment and disabling the battery. Kings division was immediately sent up to retake the position, which it soon did, driving the enemy back with loss, and taking some of the cavalry prisoners. The rifled batteries of both divisions now lined the river bank in such position as commanded the opposite shore and gave shelter to our troops. The enemys fire disabled three guns in Kaylors battery, but they themselves were equally damaged in return by the accurate fire of Halls battery, which finally compelled them to retire. On the 22d, fearing the enemy might gain possession of the most advanced hill, near the bridge, which it was desirable to hold, in th Page 331 CHAP. XXIV.] CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 3.31 night a trestle bridge was built by the Engineer Corps, under Major Houston, of the Engineers, about 800 yards above the railroad bridge, in a bend of the river which swept near the farther hill, the banks here being covered with woods. This gave us another and a shorter and hidden line of communication, and enabled ~ whole brigade and Thompsons and Matthews batteries to be thrown over to occupy these heights. The firing to-day was very animated between the en- etnys batteries and our own. Since the morning of the 21st the enemys heavy columns of infantry, artillery, and trains could sometimes be plainly seen passing up to our ii ght, and their course, when behind the woods, was indicated by the lines of dust ascending above the trees. The attack on my front had been followed up by similar ones on the positions held by the other corps above and below me. All the movements of the enemy gave assurances he was moving to turn our right, having failed on the front and left. This was confirmed by the intelligence that he had crossed at Sulphur Springs and was moving on Warrenton. On the night of the 22d, just as I received your orders for the Third Corps to cross at the bridge, and in connection with the commands of Reno and Reynolds below me, to fall on the rear of that long column which had been passing before us for two days up the south side of the river, an officer came to report to me, in your presence, that the rain which had been falliug during the night had so swollen th~ river that the trestle bridge had been swept away and had lodged against the railroad bridge, the center of which was yieldiiig to the pressure of the flood, and was in imminent danger of being carried off. The river bad risen some 6 feet, and all the fords were gone. Fearing for the safety of Hartsuffs brigade, who were on the opposite bank, I ordered them to be withdrawn. It was now impracticable to cross the river and make the attack you had planned. Your orders then were to move the army against the enemy, who had crossed at Sulphur Springs and gone to Warrenton, whence he had made the attack with his cavalry at Catletts, and who, it was thought, would be unable, on account of the state of the river, either to recross or be re-enforced. The withdrawal of llartsuffs brigade from the south side encouraged the enemy to move forward to seize the hills he had abandoned before we could complete the entire destruction of the railroad bridge, which we did not wish to leave for the enemy to repair and use to annoy us on our march to Warrenton. They opened a furious fire upon us, and, moving their infantry down in masses, rushed upon the hill llartsuff had just left. Matthews. Thompsons, and Leppiens batteries, and our sharpshooters returned their fire so vigorously that they were sQon driven off. Leppiens especially did them much damage. Farther to the right Halls battery engaged two of the enemy~s batteries and drove both of them off and dispersed a regiment of infantry. The firing of this excellent battery was, as usual, rapid and accurate. Farther up the river the batteries of Reynolds and Kaylor were also successfully engaged. In the mean time the corps, agreeably to your orders, was on the march to Warrenton, to be on the right of General Sigel, who was to attack the enemy, and who was to have Generals iteno and Banks on his left and rear, General IReno having moved up the river for this purpose. Reynolds division, following him, rejoined the Third Corps, and marched after the divisions of Generals King and IRicketts to War- renton. The rear guard of the corps was commanded by Brigadier-Gen- eral Tower, who had his brigade and the batteries of artillery holdin Page 332 332 OPERATIONS IN N. VA., W. VA., AND MD. [CHAP. XXIV. the river at the bridge, which he was directed to see destroyed before leaving. In the atternoon, under cover of a thunder-storm, which for a while hid all objects at a little distance from view, the enemy again occupied the hill from which they had been driven in the morning, but kept out of sight till after the bridge had been destroyed and the rear guard had taken up its line of march, when, just as the batteries were limbering up to leave, they commenced a rapid fire upon the retiring column. That night the advance of the First Division of the corps entered War- renton, the other divisions being on the road leading there, but from 3 to 5 miles from it. The enemy had retreated in the afternoon toward the river. General Sigel, who had been on the right when we were on the river, facing the south, was now, by our change of front, in advance. He was to have intercepted the enemy, but for some reason was not able to come up with them before they recrossed the river at Sulphur Springs on a bridge they had built at that place. General Sigel fol- lowed up the north bank of the river to Waterloo Bridge, at the cross- ing of Luray turnpike. On the 24th the whole c6rps w~s at Warrenton and on the road thence to Sulphur Springs. On the 25th I received your order * of that date, directing the Third Corps to occupy Warrenton, & c. This same general order required Major-General Sigels corps to occupy Fayetteville to the left of the Third Corpsr General Banks to occupy Bealeton Station to the left of General Sigels, and General iRenos to return to Kellys Ford, on the Rappah annock. The line thus intended to be established would touch the river only on the extreme left at Kellys Ford the center and right being thrown back or refused, and the right held by the Third Corps, resting on the extremity of the Bull Run or Piedmont Ridge at Warreuton. This order, so far as concerned the Third Corps, was immediately car- ried out by placing Reynolds division on the road to Sulphur Springs, with Meades brigade thrown forward to within 4 miles of the Springs, which are at the river; Ricketts on the Waterloo roa(l, with Towers brigade in advance within 4 miles of the bridge, aiid Kings division near the town, and the forks of the road above mentioned, which issue from Warrenton at nearly right angles to each other, and are good, broad turnpikes, the Waterloo road leading nearly west through the Blue Ridge to Luray, and the Sulphur Springs road nearly southwest to- ward Culpeper; Biifords cavalry brigade was posted between Towers advanced brigade and Waterloo Bridge (over the Rappahannock), and Bayards brigade was to take post on the Sulphur Springs road between Meades brigade and the river. On the night of the 25th I received from you, by telegraph from your headquarters, near Warrenton Junction, an ordert that, leaving. Reynolds in reserve, I should make a reconnaissance with my corps across the river at Sulphur Springs, and sending me an open order for General Sigel, which I was to read and send to him, directing him to force the passage of the river at Waterloo. This order was immediately forwarded to General Sigel by the hands of one of my aides-de-camnp, Capt. F. lla\~eu, and was received at 2 oclock a. in., whilst the general was on the retreat in the night from Waterloo to Warrenton, through which his troops were moving all night long. Early the next morning (the. 26th) Ricketts division, which was on * See General Orders, No. , in Correspondence, etc., Part III, p. 641. See under date of l~.3O p. m. among inclosuree (p. 67) to Popes report Page 333 CHAP. xxiv.j CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 333 the Waterloo road, was moved across to the Sulphur Springs road to make the attack you had ordered. In the course of the morning I received your telegram of 5 oclock a. m.,* and as I was on my way to Sulphur Springs to direct the attack your telegram of 8.10 oclock a. m. t These informed me of your order to Reno to make the reconnaissance across the river below Rappahan- nock Station to Cmlpeper and of his failure to do so; and, in view of the failure of General Sigel to force the passage of the river above at Waterloo, authorized me to use my discretion as to crossing at Sulphur Springs, and desired me to ascertain, if possible, if the enemy were really in force at Waterloo, and what had become of the head of his column which yesterday was in front and had taken the road toward Salem. General Sigel, you informed me, reported his men unable to do anything until they should have some rest. Generals Bayard and Buford reported to me that, owing to the hard, unremitting services performed, their cavalry was broken downthe former, that his would neither charge nor stand a charge; the latter tha disorganized. t his was at that time As the falling back of General Sigel from Waterloo to Warrenton and the transfer of my troops from the Waterloo road to the Sulphur Springs road had left the right weakly guarded, and as it was around the right the eneniy were then moving, 1 decided to replace my corps in the position it had occupied the day before. In order to comply with your wishes to ascertain the force of the enemy at Waterloo and farther to the right, agreeably to your instruc- tions of 8.10 a. in. I took command of General Sigels corps and every- thing in front. (A copy of my note to General Sigel is below, marked E.) ~ Brigadier-General Buford, with the available cavalry at hand and some artillery from General Sigels corps, was sent to turn the head of the enemys column, which was moving through Salem. This was re- ported to you and met your approval. I am obliged here to ask your attention to General Sigels report, which has been made public, it will be noticed the general gives at some length his reasomis for abandoning the position at Waterloo Bridge and falling back under cover of the night of the 25th; a movement with which he seem